question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition is seen in | [
"Gout",
"Pseudogout",
"Chondrocalcinosis",
"Alkaptoneuria"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Human stem cells express: | [
"CD14",
"CD8",
"CD34",
"CD10"
] | C | Human stem cells express C-kit, C-mpl and usually cluster of differentiation determinant — 34 (CD34). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of these are associated with increased risk of colorectal Ca -a) More intake of animal fatb) Aspirinc) Ulcerative colitisd) Amoebic colitise) Polyps | [
"acd",
"bde",
"cde",
"ace"
] | D | Risk factors for Colon cancer
Dietay factures - explainaed in previous quetion
Hereditary factors
Polyposis coli
Nonopolyposis herditary colon cancer ( also known as Lynch syndrome)
Inflammatory bowel disease
- Long standing IBD increases the risk
- Risk is more with ulcerative colitis than crohn's disese.
- Ris... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35 year old Lady Malti has unilateral headache, nausea, vomiting and visual blurring. The diagnosis is | [
"Cluster headache",
"Glaucoma",
"Subarachnoid haemorrhage",
"Posterior fossa cyst."
] | B | Answer is B (Glaucoma): Presence of visual blurring and female sex suggest a diagnosis of glaucoma over cluster headache amongst the options provided. Differential diagnosis are : Female patient (Glaucoma is about four times more common in females while 80% of patients with cluster headache are males) Visual blurring (... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Olfactory receptor cells belong to which group of cells? | [
"Bipolar neurons",
"Fibroblasts",
"Modified epithelial cells",
"Multipolar neurons"
] | A | The receptor cells for the smell sensation are bipolar nerve cells derived originally from the central nervous system itself. Olfactory system has the smallest range of intensity discrimination. | train | med_mcqa | null |
HbA1c reduction is maximum with use of | [
"Metformin",
"Anagliptin",
"Voglibose",
"Rosiglitazone"
] | A | Mechanism of ActionExamplesHbA Reduction (%)Agent-Specific AdvantagesAgent-Specific DisadvantagesContraindicationsOralBiguanides|Hepatic glucose productionMetformin1-2Weight neutral, do not cause hypoglycemia, inexpensive, extensive experience, |CV eventsDiarrhea, nausea, lactic acidosisSerum creatinine> 15 mg/dL (men)... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a content of plane LA | [
"Methyl paraben",
"Epinephrine",
"Nacl",
"Lignocaine"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hemophilia is associated with which chromosome ? | [
"X",
"Y",
"13",
"8"
] | A | Hemophilia A and B - X linked recessive disorders. Hemophilia C - Autosomal recessive disorder. X linked recessive disorders SYSTEM DISEASE Musculoskeleton Duchenne Muscular dystrophy Blood Hemophilia A,B Chronic Granulomatous disease G-6-PD deficiency Immune Agammaglobinemia Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Metabolic Diabetes... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The first urge to void is felt at: | [
"Bladder volume of 400 mL",
"Phase Ia of cystometrogram",
"Phase Ib of cystometrogram",
"Phase II of cystometrogram"
] | C | Cystometry refers to the process of studying the relationship between the intravesical volume and pressure, the Cystometrogram refers to a graphical record of this relationship. Normal cystometrogram shows three phases of filling: Phase Ia: It is the initial phase of filling in which pressure rises from 0 to 10 cm H2O,... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amiodarone belongs to which category of drugs in pregnancy? | [
"Category A",
"Category B",
"Category C",
"Category D"
] | C | CATEGORY A- Safe in pregnancy, e.g. Thyroxine, multivitamins. CATEGORY B- Safe in humans, adverse effects seen in animals, e.g. Penicillin, Cephalosporins. CATEGORY C- Most common drugs used in pregnancy, inadequate human studies, known teratogen in animals. AMIODARONE COMES UNDER THIS CATEGORY. CATEGORY D- Known terat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vagal stimulation of heart causes ? | [
"Increased heart rate",
"Increased RR interval in ECG",
"Increased cardiac output",
"Increased force of contraction"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most impoant tool used in genetic engineering | [
"Genes",
"Enzymes",
"Ribozymes",
"Peptidyl-transferase"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Enzymes Genetic engineering simply means manipulation of genetic material to achieve the desired goal in a predetermined way.Most impoant molecular tools in genetic engineering are enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology. (also called genetic engineering).Most impoant of these enzymes is restrictio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lining epithelium of vagina is | [
"Pseudostratified columnar epithelium",
"Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium",
"Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium",
"Cliated columnar epithelium"
] | C | INDERBIR SINGH&;S TEXTBOOK OF HUMAN HISTOLOGY-PAGE NO:359Mucous membraneThe mucous membrane shows numerous longitudinal folds and is firmly fixed to the underlying muscle layer.it us lined by stratified squamous epithelium(non keratinized) | train | med_mcqa | null |
A vitamin related to a co-factor in glycine metabolism is | [
"Thiamine",
"Biotin",
"Folic acid",
"Pantothenic acid"
] | C | Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ex- Press glaucoma implant- | [
"Stainless steel",
"Gold",
"Silicone",
"Titanium"
] | A | The EX-PRESS(r) Glaucoma Filtration Device is intended to reduce IOP in glaucoma patients when medication and conventional surgical treatments have failed. The device channels aqueous humor through a secure lumen (of either 50 mm or 200 mm) to a half-thickness scleral flap, creating a subconjunctival filtration bleb. T... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rate of IV infusion of potassium in severe hypokalemia should not exceed | [
"20 mmol/hour",
"40 mmol/hour",
"60 mmol/hour",
"80 mmol/hour"
] | A | Rate of K+ infusion should not exceed 20 mmol/hour unless paralysis or malignant ventricular arrhythmias are present. The use of intravenous administration should be limited to patients unable to use the enteral route or in the setting of severe complications (e.g., paralysis, arrhythmia). Intravenous K+-Cl- should alw... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Embryo term is used till: | [
"12 weeks after LMP",
"10 weeks after fertilization",
"10 weeks after LMP",
"8 weeks of fertilization"
] | D | Ans. D 8 weeks of fertilizationRef: Duttas Obstetrics, 7th ed. pg. 41The prenatal period can be divided intoPeriodProduct (known as)Extends* Ovular/GerminalOvum1st 2 weeks after ovulation* EmbryonicEmbryoFrom fertilization (2nd week of gestation) to 8th week of development after fertilization (10th week AOG)* FetalFetu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A2 concentration in thalassemia trait is ? | [
"1",
"1-2.5",
"2.5-3.5",
">3 .5"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., > 3.5 T. Major Intermedia T. Minor J Genetics Homozygous Double Heterozygot es heterozygotes Hb F 30-90% (20-100%) 0-5% ) HbA2 < 3.5% <3.5% 3.6 -8% | train | med_mcqa | null |
Post - traumatic stress disorder is characterized by all except : | [
"Flash back and night mare",
"Severe traumatic injury",
"Re - experiencing stressful events",
"It doesn’t develop after 6 months of stress"
] | D | Symptoms of PTSD develop within 6 months of the stressor, however, 10% patients have delayed onset.
Post-traumatic stress disorder :
According to ICD - 10, this disorder arises as a delayed and / or protracted response to an exceptionally stressful or catastrophic life event or situation, which is likely to cause perv... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about factory Act 1976 | [
"Adolescents aged from 15 years can work from 7 pm to 6 am",
"Women and children are employed in all kinds of work",
"Children < 14 years are prohibited from any employment",
"Adolescents of 16 years need not be duly certified as fit for work by certifying surgeon."
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In an Autosomal Dominant disorder, mother is affected but is heterozygous. Father is normal. What are the chance of disease in children? | [
"50% affected",
"25% affected",
"75% affected",
"All affected"
] | A | Ans. (a) 50% affected(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 140; 8th/pg 140)In an Autosomal Dominant disorder, mother is affected but is heterozygous and father is normal.Therefore, the chances of disease in children is 50% | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best test for esophageal varices is | [
"CT scan",
"Gastroesophagoscopy",
"Tomography",
"Ultrasound"
] | B | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gastrin is a marker of which carcinoma? | [
"Medullary carcinoma of thyroid",
"GIST",
"Gastric carcinoma",
"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor"
] | D | Gastrinoma: (Zollinger Ellison Syndrome): Marked hyper recreation of gastrin usually has its origin in gastrin- producing tumor, which are just as likely to arise in the duodenum and peripancreatic soft tissue as in pancreas (so called gastrinoma triangle) Gastrinoma is a type of pancreatic Neuro endocrine tumor(PNET) ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to Motor vehicle Act 1988, punishable quantity of Alcohol in blood is | [
"30 ml in 100 ml of blood",
"20 ml in 100 ml of blood",
"10 ml in 100ml of blood",
"15 ml in 100ml of blood"
] | A | (A) 30 ml In 100 ml of blood> I.P.C. Sec. 185 Driving by a drunken person or by a person under the influence of drugs. - Whoever, while driving, or at- tempting to drive, a motor vehicle -(a) has, in his blood, alcohol exceeding 30 mg Per 100 ml. of blood detected in a test by a breath analyser, or(b) is under the infl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The appearance of this foot is most consistent with which one of the following diagnoses? | [
"Buruli ulcer",
"Chromoblastomycosis",
"Leishmaniasis",
"Madura foot"
] | B | Answer B. ChromoblastomycosisThe patient lived in a rural area and had walked barefoot for most of his life. Several nodular and verrucous lesions were seen in the distal region of the foot. Analysis of a skin-biopsy specimen revealed findings diagnostic for chromoblastomycosis. Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, soft-t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Carpal tunnel syndrome, features are of - | [
"Compression of ulnar nerve",
"Compression of median nerve under the flexor retinaculum",
"Anaesthesia over thenar eminence",
"Atrophy of hypothenar muscles"
] | B | The carpal bones form an arch which is convex on the dorsal side of the hand and concave on the palmar side.
The groove on the palmar side is covered by flexor retinaculum, thus forming carpal tunnel.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of median nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are anatomical markers for localization of facial nerve during parotid surgery, except | [
"Posterior belly of Digastric",
"Mastoid process",
"Inferior belly of omohyoid",
"Bony external auditory meatus"
] | C | Landmarks commonly used to aid identification of the trunk of the facial nerve are: 1The inferior poion of the cailaginous canal. This is termed Conley's pointer and indicates the position of the facial nerve, which lies 1cm deep and inferior to its tip. 2The upper border of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The characteristic of an "Arcon" articulator is: | [
"The condylar elements are placed on the upper member of the articulator",
"The condylar elements are placed on the lower member of the articulator",
"The condylar elements are non-movable",
"The inclination of condylar path is in a curved plane"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
FeCl test is used in diagnosis of | [
"HCl",
"Acetic acid",
"Alcohol",
"Phenol"
] | D | Diagnosis of phenol poisoning change in color of urine(carboluria) Ferric chloride when added color of urine turns blue. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 414 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prolapsed interveebral disc (PID) is most common at: September 2012 | [
"C2-C3",
"T10-T11",
"L2-L3",
"L4-L5"
] | D | Ans. D i.e. L4-L5 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ten days after a kidney transplant, a 32-year-old man returns to the hospital with symptoms of fever, and decreased urine output. He reports no cough, sputum, or dysuria. An ultrasound of the transplant kidney shows allograft enlargement. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"steroid hyperglycemia",
"erythrocytosis",
"hyperacute rejection",
"acute rejection"
] | D | Renal scans initially show a reduction in excretion with cortical retention. This is the most common type of rejection. Most acute rejections will respond to immunosuppressive agents if diagnosed early. In contrast, immediate nonfunction of a graft can be caused by damage to the kidney during procurement and storage. S... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Groton's sign is seen in? | [
"Dermatomyositis",
"SLE",
"Scleroderma",
"MCTD"
] | A | Dermatomyositis REF: Harrison's 17th e chapter 382 Dermatomyositis DM is a distinctive entity identified by a characteristic rash accompanying, or more often preceding, muscle weakness. The rash may consist of a blue-purple discoloration on the upper eyelids with edema heliotrope rash a flat red rash on the face and up... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not a feature of Cushing syndrome? | [
"Hypercoagulability",
"Eosinopenia",
"Hyperpigmentation of knuckles",
"Leucopenia"
] | D | Effects of Cushing syndrome on blood and immune system : Increased infection susceptibility Increased WBC count Eosinopenia Hypercoagulability with increased risk of DVT and PE | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient can present with pyoderma gangrenosum in | [
"Hodgkin's Lymphoma",
"Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma",
"Mantle cell Lymphoma",
"MALToma"
] | B | In Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Pyoderma gangrenosum may be the presentation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common type of malignancy of stomach is: September 2007 | [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Squamous carcinoma",
"Anaplastic carcinoma",
"Lymphoma"
] | A | Ans. A: Adenocarcinoma Gastric adenocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are commonly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren classification): intestinal type or diffuse type. Ad... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Risk factor for Squamous cell tumor of urinary bladder | [
"Schistosomiasis",
"Bladder diverticulum",
"Chronic cystitis",
"All of the above"
] | D | Schistosomiasis and chronic cystitis are risk factors for SCC Bladder. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The process of primary colonizing bacteria adhering to tooth surface providing new receptors for attachment other bacteria is known as | [
"Attachment",
"Translocation",
"Co-adhesion",
"Biofilm"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alopecia areata is a/ an - | [
"Autoimmune disorder",
"Allergic disorder",
"Anaphylactic disorder",
"Bacterial infection"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Autoimmune disorder Pathogenesis of alopecia areata1. Autoimmunityo Current evidence suggests that alopecia areata is caused by an abnormality in the immune system. This particular abnormality leads autoimmunity. As a result, body's own immune system attacks the hair follicles and disrupts normal hair... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an advantage of using non anatomic teeth? | [
"Freedom of occlusion is present",
"Less horizontal forces during function",
"Balanced occlusion can be developed conveniently",
"Lack of interference when denture settle"
] | C | Non Anatomic Teeth
These teeth have 0 degree cusp angles. These designs evolved to over-come the disadvantages of the normal anatomic teeth. These teeth do not provide balanced occlusion. Balanced occlusion in dentures with these teeth is obtained by balancing ramps and compensatory curves. Bilateral and protrusive ba... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Predisposing factors for colon ca are - | [
"Animal fat consumption",
"Familial adenomatous polyposis",
"Ulcerative colitis",
"All"
] | D | Answer 'a' i.e. Animal fat consumption; 'b' i.e. Familial adenomatous polyposis; 'c' i.e. Ulcerative colitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Role of marijuana in AIDS related cachexia is - | [
"Decrease the infectivity",
"Improves CD4 count",
"Increasing the appetite",
"Improves the immunity"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increasing the appetiteo Wasting and appetite loss affects cancer and HIV patient standard therapy for cachexia intravenous or tube feeding as standard therapy for cachexia intravenous or tube feeding as well as treatment with megestrol acetate (an appetite stimulant)o Marijuana is renowned for its ab... | train | med_mcqa | null |
To prevent veical transmission of HIV in a child of pregnant mother, used is: | [
"Zidovudine for mother (36 weeks) and child (6 weeks)",
"Zidovudine for 6 months to mother and 6 weeks to child",
"Zidovudine for 6 Weeks",
"Avoid zidovidine"
] | A | Zidovudine for mother (36 weeks) and child (6 weeks) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are features of down's syndrome, EXCEPT: | [
"Increased PAPP-A",
"Increased free beta HCG levels",
"Absent nasal bone",
"Abnormal ductus venosus flow velocity"
] | A | In Downs syndrome the level of AFP is low, PAAP-A is low, and B hCG is high. Characteristic features of Down's syndrome are: Upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, and small, dysplastic pinnae. Generalized hypotonia. Cognitive disabilities Congenital hea disease, most oftenly endocardial c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The blood vessel related to the paraduodenal fossa is: | [
"Gonadal vein",
"Superior mesentric aery",
"Poal vein",
"Inferior mesentric vein"
] | D | D i.e. Inferior Mesentric veinInferior mesenteric vein lies in paraduodenal recess; superior mesenteric vessels lies in mesentrico-parietal fossa of waldeyer; branch of ileo colic aery lies in superior ileo caecal recess and ureter (left) lies in intersigmoid recess. Transverse mesocolon contain middle colic vessels &n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which nerve originates from trunk of brachial plexus | [
"Long thoracic nerve",
"Dorsal scapular nerve",
"Axillary nerve",
"Suprascapular nerve"
] | D | Suprascapular nerve arises from the trunk of C5 and C6. Long thoracic nerve arises from the nerve root of C5, C6And C7. Dorsal scapular nerve arises from the nerve root of C5. Axillary nerve arises from the posterior cord. REF: BD Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 57 and 58. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 56 year old man is brought to the emergency depament with rapid onset of severe abdominal pain. But physical examination seemed to be out of propoion to his symptom. Acute mesenteric ischemia was diagnosed. What is the MOST common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia? | [
"Aerial thrombosis",
"Venous thrombosis",
"Embolism",
"Non occlusive disease"
] | C | Acute mesenteric ischemia occurs when prolonged reduction in the splanchnic blood flow occurs. The most common cause is aerial embolism, which accounts for 50% of cases. The emboli most commonly originate from a cardiac source. Most emboli lodge in the superior mesenteric aery (SMA) because of the angle from which it t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are causes of bluish sclerae in young children, EXCEPT: | [
"Hallermann-Streiff syndrome",
"Ehler Danlos syndrome",
"Robe's syndrome",
"Sjogren Larsson syndrome"
] | D | Features of Sjogren Larsson syndrome includes ichthyosis, spastic diplegia, retinal degeneration and mental retardation. The common causes of bluish sclerae is given below: 1. Osteogenesis imperfecta 2. Ehler Danlos syndrome 3. Marfan's syndrome 4. Glaucoma 5. Robe's syndrome 6. Hallermann Streiff syndrome 7. Russell s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
1st posterior intercostal artery is a branch of- | [
"Aorta",
"Superior intercostal artery",
"Internal mammary artery",
"Bronchial artery"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Superior intercostal artery o Each of upper nine intercostal spaces (1 to 9) have one posterior and two anterior intercostal arteries. The 10thand 11th spaces have one posterior intercostal artery (no anterior intercostal artery)o Anterior intercostal arteries for upper six spaces (two in each space) ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Third heart sound occurs during | [
"Early rapid filling phase of ventricular diastole",
"Late rapid filling phase of ventricular diastole",
"Phase of protodiastole",
"None of the above"
] | A | 3rd heart sound is due to passive ventricular filling which occurs in early rapid filling phase of ventricular diastole. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a state during 2017, approximately 10% of all deaths in age group 0 to 14 years were due to accidents and injuries, while in the age group 15 to 35 years, 20% of all deaths were due to accidents and injuries. How many times is the risk of dying due to accidents and injuries among 15 to 35 years as compared to 0 - 14... | [
"2",
"0.5",
"1",
"Cannot be concluded from the data"
] | D | The % of deaths is actually PMRs (propoional moality ratios) for the two age groups. The PMR gives up the propoion of deaths that are due to a given cause out of the total deaths but does not give us the risk of dying due to that disease. The risk of death due to accidents and injuries in a paicular age group would be ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Fetal Life RBC are produced in all except | [
"Liver",
"Lymph node",
"Spleen",
"Bone marrow"
] | B | In fetal life, RBC is produced in 3 phases according to growth of foetusMesoblastic stage: In yolk sacHepatic stage: In Liver and spleenMyeloid phase: In bone marrowRef: Medical Physiology Indu Khurana 2015 edition page No:104 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pilocarpine is an: | [
"Active miotic",
"Passive miotic",
"Active Mydriatic",
"Passive Mydriatic"
] | A | Ans. a. Active mioticRef: Goodman Gilman 13th ElPI 259Miosis: Contraction of pupil can be seen due to contraction of circular muscles (active miosis), due to M3 stimulation or it can be seen due to relaxation of radial muscles (passive miosis), due to al receptors block. Relaxation of radial muscles can cause miosis du... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which investigation is known as the rule out test in massive pulmonary embolism? | [
"ECG",
"Echocardiogram",
"D-dimer",
"Aerial blood gas"
] | C | The quantitative plasma d-dimer rises in the presence of DVT or PE because of the breakdown of fibrin by plasmin. The sensitivity of the d-dimer is >80% for DVT and >95% for PE. The d-dimer is a useful "rule out" test. More than 95% of patients with a normal (<500 ng/mL) d-dimer do not have PE. ECG: The most frequently... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The Broca's area is situated in the | [
"Temporal lobe",
"Posterior part of Inferior frontal gyrus",
"Occipital calcarine fissure",
"Mammillary body region"
] | B | (B) Inferior frontal gyrus # BROCA'S AREA is a section of the human brain that is involved in language processing, speech or sign production, and comprehension.> Broca's area is located in the opercular and triangular sections of the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cortex.> Broca's and Wernicke's area... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Grey Turner's sign (flank discoloration) is seen in | [
"Acute pylonephritis",
"Acute cholecystisis",
"Acute pancreatitis",
"Acute peritonitis"
] | C | Sign seen due to enzyme seep across etroperitoneum causing hemorrhagic spots and ecchymosis in the flanks SRB,5th,683. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Good diabetic control is said to be present when glycosylated haemoglobin is | [
"7-9%",
">13%",
"10-12%",
"3-4%"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are sources of free radicals except - | [
"Fentons reaction",
"Glutathione",
"Myeloperoxidase",
"Nitric oxide"
] | B | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. Reduced glutathione protects RBCs against oxidant stress produced by the oxygen free radicals. MPO, Fenton reaction produce oxygen free radicals. NO is a free radical.. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Propranolol is useful in the management of which of the following side effects of a typical neuroleptic ? | [
"Parkinsonism",
"Acute muscle dystonia",
"Tardive dyskinesia",
"Akathisia"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
If a patient has an oxygen consumption of 240 ml/min, a pulmonary vein oxygen concentration of 180 ml/L of blood, and a pulmonary aery oxygen concentration of 160 ml/L of blood units, what is the cardiac output in L/min? | [
"8",
"10",
"12",
"14"
] | C | CO= 240 / (180-160) = 12 L/min To determine cardiac output by direct Fick's method, three values must be known: 1. O2 consumption of the body (measured by the rate of disappearance of oxygen from the respired air, using any type of oxygen meter) 2. O2 concentration in venous blood (a catheter inseed up the brachial vei... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Minimum inhibitory concentration is ? | [
"The concentration of antibiotic which kills 99.9% of the bacteria",
"Maximum concentration of an antibiotic which prevents visible growth of a bacterium",
"Minimum concentration of an antibiotic which prevents visible growth of a bacterium",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Minimum concentration of an antibiotic which prevents visible growth of a bacterium Antimicrobial sensitivity To estabilish the activity of an antimicrobial agent, microrganisms are tested for their ability to grow in the presence of suitable concentration of drug. Methods used are ? 1. Disc diffusion... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the commonest location of hypertensive hemorrhage: | [
"Pons",
"Thalamus",
"Putamen/external capsule",
"Cerebellum"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Putamen (internal capsule) See Medicine Nov. (2002) Q. No. 106Most common site of hypertensive hemorrhage is -Basal Ganglia (Putamen, thalamus & adjacent deep white matter)Also RememberM.C. intracranial hemorrhageIntracerebral or intraparenchymal hemorrhage*M.C. cause of intracerebral hemorrhageHyperte... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Illusion is: | [
"A false unshaken belief not keeping one's sociaocultural background",
"Perception without stimuli",
"Abnormal perception by a sensory misinterpretation of actual stimulus",
"Fear of closed spaces"
] | C | Illusion is an abnormal perception caused by a sensory misinterpretation of actual stimulus, sometimes precipitated by strong emotion, e.g. fear provoking a person to imagine they have seen an intruder in the shadows. REF : Oxford text book of psychiatry 3rd Ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mandibular first molar is hemisected with separate crowns placed on the mesial and distal roots. Both roots have been treated endodontically with posts, it's long term prognosis is questionable and may be lost due to: | [
"Root fracture.",
"Root caries.",
"Recurrent endodontic failure.",
"All of the above."
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The treatment of acute Periapical abscess is | [
"Endodontic therapy or extraction",
"Incision and drainage only",
"Pulp capping",
"None of the above"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25-yrs-old woman in her 15 week of pregnancy presents with uterine bleeding and passage of a small amount of watery fluid and tissue. She is found to have a uterus that is much larger than estimated by her gestational dates. Her uterus is found to be filled with cystic, avascular, grapelike structures that do not pen... | [
"Paial hydatidiform mole",
"Complete hydatidiform mole",
"Invasive mole",
"Placental site trophoblastic tumor"
] | B | * Gestational trophoblastic diseases include benign hydatidiform mole (paial and complete), invasive mole (chorioadenoma destruens), placental site trophoblastic tumor, and choriocarcinoma. * Hydatidiform moles are composed of avascular, grapelike structures that do not invade the myometrium. In complete (classic) mole... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infection involving anterior larynx - | [
"TB",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Syphilis",
"All the above"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which among the following is a false statement about fetal circulation? | [
"Hea receives blood with high oxygen saturation",
"Pressure in right and left ventricles are equal",
"Brain receives blood with high oxygen saturation",
"Blood in inferior venacava has lower oxygen concentration compared to superior venacava"
] | D | Highly oxygenated blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein, which is shunted to the inferior venacava. The superior vena cava carries the less oxygenated blood from the upper pa of the body to the right atrium. Hence, the blood in inferior vena cava has more oxygen concentration compared to... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diagnosis of tularemia is confirmed using agglutination testing. In the standard tube agglutination test, what should be the single antibody titre for making the test positive? | [
"1:40",
"0.097222222",
"0.125",
"0.152777778"
] | D | A single antibody titer 1:160 is interpreted as a presumptive positive result for diagnosing tularemia. Agglutination test is used to confirm the diagnosis of tularemia. A fourfold increase in titer between paired serum samples collected 2-3 weeks apa is considered diagnostic. Late in infection, titers of 1:20-1:80 may... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A male child of 15 years with a mental age of 9 years has an IQ of- | [
"50",
"60",
"70",
"80"
] | B | Ans. is `b' i.e., 60 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common side effect of cancer chemotherapy is nausea with or without vomiting. The anticancer drugs vary in their ability to cause nausea and vomiting. Which of the following anti-cancer drugs is least likely to cause nausea and vomiting? | [
"Chlorambucil",
"Cisplatin",
"Doxorubicin",
"Daunorubicin"
] | A | Ans. a. Chlorambucil Emetogenic Potential of Cytotoxic drugs High Moderate Mild CisplatinQ Carboplatin Bleomycin CarmustineQ Cytarabine ChlorambucilQ CyclophosphamideQ Procarbazine Busulfan Actinomycin DQ Vinblastin 5-Fluorouracil DacarbazineQ DoxorubicinQ 6-Thioguanine LomustineQ DaunorubicinQ Hydroxyurea Ifosfamide V... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Portal vein is formed by the union of - | [
"Splenic and inferior mesentric veins",
"Splenic and superior mesentric veins",
"Right and left hepatic veins",
"Hepatic and splenic veins"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Splenic and superior mesentric veins o Portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesentric and splenic veins behind neck of pancreas at L2 level. Inferior mesentric vein drains into the splenic vein.o The portal vein is about 8 cm long. It is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vei... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about the splenic artery are true except that it - | [
"Has a tortuous course",
"Is a branch of the celiac trunk",
"Has branches that anastomose freely within the spleen",
"Supplies the greater curvature of stomach"
] | C | Splenic artery is the largest branch of celiac trunk, with a tortuous course to allow for movement of the spleen. It supplies body and tail of pancreas via pancreatic branches; stomach via short gastric and left gastroepiploic branches, and spleen via non anastomosing straight vessels called penicillin ellipsoids and a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
IPC 314 deals with | [
"Abandoing the child",
"Death of the patient caused by miscarriage",
"Causing miscarriage with consent",
"Death of the child during miscarriage"
] | B | Criminal Aboion Sec. 312 IPC: Whoever (including the pregnant women herself) voluntarily causes criminal aboion with the consent of the patient is liable for imprisonment upto 3 years and with/without fine, and if the woman is quick with child, then imprisonment may extend upto 7 years and fine. Sec. 313 IPC: If miscar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 15-year-old girl after a horrific road traffic accident had to stay in the hospital for 3 days. Since her discharge she developed a fear of travelling on the road. She often has had nightmares and disturbed sleep. She explained that she often feels like living the car accident repeatedly for 3 months. What is the lik... | [
"Dissociative Accident Disorder",
"Specific Phobia",
"Post traumatic stress disorder",
"Somatoform Disorder"
] | C | The principal features of Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are painful re-experiencing of the event (reliving experience, frightening dream with unrecognisable content in children), avoidance (avoiding the things or places involved in the trauma), emotional numbing and constant hyper arousal (anger, irritability, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 2-month-old baby with central cyanosis presented with the following findings on chest X-ray & ECG. What is the most probable underlying diagnosis? | [
"Tetralogy of Fallot",
"Hypoplastic left hea syndrome",
"Coarctation of aoa",
"Ebstein anomaly"
] | D | - Given ECG is showing Himalayan P waves & x-ray is showing Box shaped hea - features of Ebstein anomaly. EBSTEIN ANOMALY: - Downward displacement of posterior & septal leaflets of Tricuspid valve resulting in atrialization of right ventricle. - Huge cardiomegaly, especially of Rt atrium is seen - ECG : very tall & bro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Paraxial mesoderm contributes to the development of | [
"Parietal peritoneum",
"Visceral peritoneum",
"Skeletal muscles",
"Peritoneal cavity"
] | C | HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:62At first the cells of the paraxial mesoderm are homogenously arranged. later,the mesoderm gets segmentedThe segments are of two categories, somitomeres, and somitesOccipital somites form muscles of the tongue. somites form the axial skeleton, skeletal muscle, and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Relative humidity in operation theatre should be maintained at? | [
"35-45%",
"45-55%",
"55-65%",
"65-75%"
] | C | Ans. (c) 55-65Ref: Bailey & Love 26thed.page 248, 25thed page 210 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 41-year-old patient is diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Which of the following has good prognosis? | [
"Prosthetic valve endocarditis",
"IV drug abuse",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Streptococcus viridans"
] | D | Ans: D (Streptococcus viridans) Ref: Harrison's 18th edn, pg: 1062Explanation:"Overall survival rates for patients with NVE caused by viridans streptococci, HACEK organisms, or enterococci (susceptible to synergistic therapy) are 85-90%. For S. aureus NVE in patients who do not inject drugs, survival rates are 55-70%, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Methods used for Laparoscopic sterilization include the following except : | [
"Electrocoagulation",
"Falope ring",
"Irving",
"Filchie clip"
] | C | Irving | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the follow ing techniques use piezoelectric crystals? | [
"Ultrasonography",
"X-ray diffraction",
"NMR imaging",
"Xeroradiography"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Ultrasonography {Ref: Sutton 6th/e p. 12: Grainger 4th/ep. 102]o Ultrasonography is based on piezoelectric effect.o MR! is based on gyeromagnetic property of proton (H+). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mitochondria of a sperm is seen in: | [
"Head",
"Neck",
"Body",
"Tail"
] | C | Body | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diatoms in bone marrow of long bones are suggestive of death due to: March 2012 | [
"Burns",
"Hanging",
"Drowning",
"Firearm injuries"
] | C | Ans: C i.e. Drowning Mode of death and findings Post-moem findings of burns include heat hematoma (charring of skull), thermal fractures of the skull, pugilistic attitude, blisters, heat ruptures etc The ligature mark in the neck is the most impoant and specific sign of death from hanging The finding of similar diatoms... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Differential expression of the same gene depending on parent of origin is referred to as | [
"Genomic imprinting",
"Mosaicism",
"Anticipation",
"Nonpenetrance"
] | A | The phenomenon referred to as genomic imprinting leads to preferential expression of an allele depending on the parental origin.Genomic imprintingHuman inherits two copies of each gene, i.e. two alleles, from homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes.There is no functional difference between the genes derives from m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hesselback triangle- False is? | [
"Indirect inguinal hernia occurs through it",
"It is laterally bounded by inferior epigastric aery",
"it is also known as inguinal triangle",
"Inferior boundary is inguinal ligament"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Indirect inguinal hernia occurs through itInguinal triangle of hesselbach:It is a peritoneal triangle in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal,BoundariesLateral- inferior epigastric aeryMedial-lateral border of rectus abdominisInferior- inguinal ligamentDirect inguinal hernia enters the inguinal ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Visual field defect in pituitary tumour with supracellar extension is | [
"Bitemporal hemianopia",
"Binasal hemianopia",
"Homonymous hemianopia",
"Pie in the sky vision"
] | A | A i.e. Bitemporal hemianopia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a Halogenated disinfectant? | [
"Iodophores",
"Hypochlorites",
"Bleaching powder",
"Savlon"
] | D | Savlon is a Quaternary ammonium compound, combination of cetavlon and hibitane. Halogenated compounds : Bleaching powder Iodophores Hypochlorites | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ovoviviparous parasite which is associated with autoinfection - | [
"Ancylostoma duodenal e",
"Strongyloides stercoralis",
"Enterobius vermicularis",
"Ascaris"
] | B | . Ans. is 'b' i.e., Strongyloides stercoralis o Among the given options, strongyloides and enterobius can cause autoinfection,o Strongyloides is ovoviviparous, whereas enterobius is oviparous.ParasiteMethod of causing auto-infection1. Capillaria philippinensisLiberated larvae penetrate intestinal mucosa2. Cryptosporidi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following studies have given coronary risk factor and their relative impoance- | [
"Framingham study",
"noh kerala study",
"Standford study",
"MONICA STUDY"
] | A | since 1951, one of the best known large prospective studies the Framingham study,has played a major role in establishing the nature of CAD risk factors and their relative impoance. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person working in hot environment who consumes more water without salt is likely to develop a condition called – | [
"Heat stroke",
"Heat exhaustion",
"Heat cramps",
"Heat hyperpyrexia"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Mafan's syndrome lesn dislocation is commonly seen - | [
"Upwards",
"Downwards",
"Supero-temporally",
"Nasually"
] | C | In Marfan syndrome there is superolateral (superotemporal) dislocation of lens. (Ref: Khurana 7th/e p.222 & 4th/e p.202) | train | med_mcqa | null |
The HLA class III region genes are impoant elements in - | [
"Transplant rejection phenomenon",
"Governing susceptibility to autoimmune disease",
"Immune surveillance",
"Antigen presentation and elimination"
] | B | Responses of MHC molecules Class I MHC class I molecules bind and process peptide that are derived from proteins synthesized within the cells, e.g. viral protein in viral infected cells and antigen of cancerous cells. These cells (cancerous or virus infected) have a tendency to display unusual, non self antigens on the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Many different types of muscle contractions exist. In which type of contraction is muscle tension is generated, but the length of the muscle does not change? | [
"Concentric",
"Eccentric",
"Isokinetic",
"Isometric"
] | D | In isometric contractions, muscle tension is generated but the length of the muscle does not change. Concentric contractions are a type of isotonic contraction in which the muscle shoens during the contraction. Eccentric contractions are also a type of isotonic contraction in which the muscle lengthens during the contr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ischial bursitis is also known as - | [
"Clergyman's knee",
"Housemaid's knee",
"Weaver's bottom",
"Student's elbow"
] | C | COMMON BURSITIS: *Ischial bursitis- Weaver&;s bottom *prepatellar bursitis- House maid&;s knee * Olecranon bursitis- Student&;s elbow * On lateral malleolus- Tailor&;s ankle *On great toe- Bunion. Reference- Maheshwari- 5th edn- pg 301. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following have operculated eggs except: | [
"Clonorchis sinensi",
"Diphyllobothrium latum",
"Hymenolepis dimunita",
"Fasciola hepatics"
] | C | Operculated eggs are those eggs which have a lid or operculum.Operculated eggs are present in-1. Most of the Trematodes (except Schistosomes)2. Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish tapeworm)Diphyllobothrium latum causes Megaloblastic anemia.Eggs of H. dimunita (Rat tapeworm) lacks polar filaments. Clonorchis sinensi (Oriental ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The dose of misoprostol in emergent management of PPH: | [
"200 mcg",
"400 mcg",
"600 mcg",
"800 mcg"
] | D | Ans. is d, i.e 800 mcgRef. JB Sharma Obs, Pg 338, 341Dose of misoprost for preventing PPH (i.e. AMTSL) = 600 mcg orally.Dose of misoprost for treating PPH = 800 mcg sublingually | train | med_mcqa | null |
In index of treatment needs (IOTN), treatment grade 4 indicates | [
"Extreme / need treatment",
"Moderate / borderline need",
"Severe / need treatment",
"No need for treatment"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The law stating that "the relative frequency of each gene allele tend to remain constant from generation to generation" is known as - | [
"MendeTs law",
"Hardy-Weinberg law",
"David-Morgan's law",
"Lamarck's law"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hardy-Weinberg law Hardly-Weinberg lawo The hardly-weinberg law states that "The relative frequencies of each gene allele tends to remain constant from generation to generation ".o Thus, the study of gene frequencies, and the influences which operate to alter the "gene pool'' and their long term conse... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The water channel presented in proximal convoluted tubule is: | [
"Aquaporin 1",
"Aquaporin 2",
"Aquaporin 5",
"Aquaporin 9"
] | A | Rapid diffusion of water across cell membranes depends on the presence of water channels, integral membrane proteins called aquaporins. Aquaporin-1 is localized to both the basolateral and apical membrane of the proximal tubules and its presence allows water to move rapidly out of the tubule along the osmotic gradients... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child presents with obesity, short stature hyper tension, hyperglycemia, what is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"Addison's disease",
"Congenital disease",
"Cushing's syndrome",
"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia"
] | C | Above clinical feature seen in cushing's syndrome. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common presentation of Cryptococcosis is | [
"Meningitis",
"Pulmonary cryptococcosis",
"SKin lesions",
"Osteomyelitis"
] | B | Pulmonary Cryptococcosis is the first & Most common presentation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
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