question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Correlation coefficient +1 means ? | [
"Very weak positive correlation",
"Moderate positive correlation",
"Very strong positive correlation",
"Strong positive correlation"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Very strong positive correlation A correlation simply expresses the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables in terms of a correlation coefficient, signified by 'C. Values of r varies from -1 to +1.; The strength of the relationship is indicated by the size of the coefficient ,... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infundibulum develops from ? | [
"Floor of lateral ventricle",
"Floor of 4th ventricle",
"Floor of third ventricle",
"Rhombencephalon"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Floor of third ventricle(Ref: Textbook of Neuroanatomy p. 112)The infundibulum of the diencephalon is a downward evagination of the floor of the third ventricle.As the infundibulum grows down, it meets an ectodermal diveiculum of the oral cavity, known as Rathke's pouch. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding Gilbert syndrome, true all except - | [
"Causes cirrhosis",
"Autosomal dominant",
"Normal liver function test",
"Normal histology"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Causes cirrhosis Gilbert's Syndrome: -o It is an autosomal dominant condition.o It is characterized by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (normally the bilirubin is transported into liver cells by intracellular proteins. In the liver, bilirubin is conjugated. This conjugation is brought about by certain ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is of the following is not a feature of papilledema? | [
"Deep physiological cupping",
"Absent venous pulsations",
"Bending of blood vessels",
"Decreased visual acuity"
] | A | Papilledema is associated with obliteration of the physiological cup and apparent edema of the disc. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Allosteric inhibition of an enzyme is - | [
"Binding of inhibitor to catalytic site and inhibition of enzyme",
"Binding of inhibitor to other site and inhibition of enzyme",
"Inhibition of enzyme by inhibitors without binding to enzyme",
"Inactivation by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Binding of inhibitor to other site and inhibition of enzyme o Some enzymes, called allosteric enzymes, posses a site, in addition to substrate binding (catalytic) site, known as the allosteric site.o Binding of allosteric modulator at the allosteric site affects the conformation of catalytic site,o Su... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Flourine levels intake required for development of Skeletal Fluorosis | [
"1.0 - 2.0 ppm",
"2.0 - 3.0 ppm",
"3.0 - 6.0 ppm",
"6-9 ppm"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with carbon monoxide poisoning is treated with hyperbaric oxygen that increases the aerial PO2 to 2000 mm Hg. The amount of oxygen dissolved in the aerial blood (in ml/100 ml) is: | [
"2",
"3",
"4",
"6"
] | D | Since the solubility of oxygen is 0.003 ml O2/100 ml blood, an aerial PO2 of 2000 mm Hg will increase the concentration of the dissolved oxygen to 6 ml O2/100 ml blood. Note that this actually exceeds the normal aerial-venous difference for the oxygen concentration. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Major metabolic pathway in Erythrocytes? | [
"b-Oxidation",
"Citric acid cycle",
"Gluconeogenesis",
"Pentose phosphate pathway"
] | D | Major Metabolic FeaturesOrganMajor PathwaysMain SubstratesMajor ProductsExpoedSpecialist EnzymesErythrocytesAnaerobic glycolysis,Pentose phosphatepathwayGlucoseLactateHemoglobin, enzymesof pentose phosphatepathwayRef: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Page no: 150; Table 14-3 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The PEFR of a group of 11 year old girls follow a normal distrubution with mean 300 1/min and standard detion 20 limin - | [
"About 95% of the girls have PEFR between 260 and 340 1/min.",
"The girls have healthy lungs",
"About 5% of girls have PEFR below 260 1/min.",
"All the PEFR must be less than 340 1/min"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., About 95% of the girls have PEFR between 260 and 340 1/min o 1 SD includes --> 68% of values o 2 SD includes --> 95% of values o 3 SD includes --> 99.7% of values In this question Mean PEFR = 300 L/min SD = 2 L/min i) Area around 1 SD on either side of mean (x 1 SD) will include 68% of values, i.e. x+... | train | med_mcqa | null |
World health day - | [
"7th April",
"7th July",
"7th Dec",
"7th Feb"
] | A | The constitution came into force on 7 th April 1948 which is celebrated every year as "world health Day ".A world health day theme is chosen each year to focus attention on a specific aspect of public health (refer pgno:919 park 23rd edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
The stereocilia of hair cells are embedded in which membrane? | [
"Basilar",
"Reissner's",
"Tectorial",
"Tympanic"
] | C | The scala media is bordered by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane and contains a tectorial membrane. The apical border of hair cells has stereocilia that are embedded in the tectorial membrane. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complains of breathlessness. The chest X-ray shows hampton's hump. The next investigation should be: | [
"Lung ventilation-perfusion scan",
"Pulmonary aeriography",
"Pulmonary venous angiography",
"Echocardiography"
] | A | A i.e. Lung ventilation - perfusion scan The clinical picture depicted is suggestive of a case of Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) An elderly man on bed rest for past 10 days : predisposed for deep vein thrombosis complaints of breathlessness & chest pain. A chest X-ray in patient of PTE may well be normal or near norma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Laser iridotomy is done for: March 2013 (c) | [
"POAG",
"PACG",
"Congenital gaucoma",
"Secondary angle closure glaucoma"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. PACG | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fibromyoma is seen in age group | [
"Reproductive",
"Early adolescence",
"Latepostmenopausal",
"Prepubeal"
] | A | Ans. is'a'i.e., ReproductiveFibroids are the most common benign solid tumours in females.It is the most common Pelvic tumourMost commonly affects the reproductive age group.Most commonly seen in nulliparous common | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chediak higashi syndrome, true is - | [
"Defect in phagocytosis",
"Neutropenia",
"Agammaglobulinemia",
"IgA defficiency"
] | A | Chediak-Higashi syndrome is autosomal recessive disorder. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes here possess larger lysosomes. These abnormal lysosomes do not fuse with phagosome. - this leucocytes posses diminished phagocytic activity. Reference : Baveja text book of microbiology, 4th edition, pg no:153 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which structure is usually first repaired in hand injury? | [
"Bone",
"Tendon",
"Nerve",
"Artery"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bone * The usually order of repair of tissues in hand surgery is - bone, tendon muscle units, arteries, nerves and finally veins.* Note Reimplantation of the amputated digit: order of repair -# Locate and tag vessels and nerves# Repair arteries# Debride# Repair nerves# Shorten and fix bone# Repair Vei... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In presence of Haldane effect, CO2 uptake is 2 ml/100ml of blood in arteries, what will be CO2 uptake in absence of Haldane effect in veins- | [
"2 ml/100 ml of blood",
"4 ml/100 ml of blood",
"6 ml/100 ml of blood",
"8 ml/100 ml of blood"
] | A | Ans. (a) 2 ml/100 ml of blood(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.642)This picture is carbon dioxide dissociation curveAt Po, 100 mm Hg and Pco2 45mmHg,CO2 content in blood changes from 48 ml/dl to 50 ml/dlAt Po2 40mmHg and Pco2 45mmHg,CO2 content in blood changes from 48 ml/dl to 52 ml/dlThe amount of Co2 taken up at tissues is do... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stability of the toxoid in snake's venom is due to | [
"Disulfide bonds",
"Hydrogen bonds",
"Ionic bonds",
"Van der wall's bond"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chances of an offspring being affected when one parent is autosomal dominant heterozygote? | [
"25%",
"50%",
"100%",
"None"
] | B | Transmission patterns of single-gene disorders Disorders of autosomal dominant inheritance are manifested in the heterozygous state. When an affected person marries an unaffected person, every child has one chance in two of having the disease. So the option is 50%.Robbins basic pathology; 9th edition; page no 219 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The combination of alcohol and disulfiram results in nausea and hypotension as a result of accumulation of: | [
"Acetaldehyde",
"Acetate",
"Methanol",
"NADH"
] | A | Disulfiram is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor that can be used for de-addiction of chronic alcoholics. Due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, there is accumulation of acetaldehyde that leads to several distressing symptoms (which strengthens the resolution of a person to quit alcohol). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is specifically associated with infection with Schistosoma haematobium? | [
"Adenocarcinoma of the bladder",
"Adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis",
"Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder",
"Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder"
] | C | Carcinomas of the bladder and renal pelvis are usually transitional cell carcinomas. However, Schistosoma haematobium infection (where Schistosomes lay eggs in the veins near the bladder, thereby inducing a marked inflammatory response) is associated with squamous metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reversal of shunt is not possible in the natural history of | [
"ASD",
"TOF",
"VSD",
"PDA"
] | B | Eisenmenger's syndrome or reversal of shunt is seen in the ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus aeriosus. ref - Harrisons internal medicine 20e pg 393,1838 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pancytopenia with a cellular marrow is seen in all except: | [
"PNH",
"Megaloblastic anemia",
"Myelodysplastic syndrome",
"Dyskeratosis congenital"
] | D | Answer is D (Dyskeratosis congenita) Dyskeratosis congenita is associated with Pancytopenia and a hypocellular marrow. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Volume of air remaining in lung after normal expiration: | [
"Functional residual capacity",
"Residual volume",
"Vital capacity",
"Both 1and 2"
] | A | Functionality residual capacity: amount of air remaining in the lung after normal expiration. Residual volume: amount of air remaining in the lung after forced expiration. Ref : G K Pal textbook of Practical physiology 4th edition, page number: 159 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of these fatty acids is found exclusively in breast milk? | [
"Linoleate",
"Linolenic",
"Palmitic",
"Docosahexaenoic acid"
] | D | Ans. D. Docosahexaenoic acid(Ref: Harper31/e page 197, Table 21.2)Docosahexaenoic acid is present in fish oils, phospholipids of brain, algal oils.DHA is otherwise called cervonic acid.It belongs to o3 fatty acid. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Perthes disease etiology is- | [
"Pyogenic",
"Tubercular",
"Traumatic",
"Unknown"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Unknown PERTH E'S DISEASE (LEGG-CALVE PERTHE S DISEASE)o Perthe's disease is also known as osteochondritis deformans juvenilis or Coxa plana or Pseudocoxalgia. Perthe's disease is an osteochondritis of the epiphysis of the femoral head (capital femoral epiphysis). In the disease, the femoral head beco... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The chances of acquiring HIV infection following needle prick is: | [
"0.30%",
"3-0%",
"0-30%",
"0.00%"
] | A | Ans. a. 0.3% | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 year old woman attends gynecology department with prolonged vaginal bleeding. On examination, cervical lesion is found that bleeds on touch. Her past history is insignificant. She had undergone pap smear around 10 years ago, which was normal. What is the next best investigation | [
"Hysteroscopy",
"MRI scan - pelvis",
"Cervical punch biopsy",
"LEEP"
] | C | Histological diagnosis has to be made prior to imaging or treatment. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Term 'Catatonia' was used by | [
"Karl kahlbaum",
"Adolf Meyer",
"Leo Kanner",
"Karen Horney"
] | A | Contributor: Kahlbaum, Karl (1828-1899) Coined the Term: Catatonia, Symptom complex, Cyclothymia Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.244 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Crown formation of all permenent teeth except third molars is completed between | [
"Birth to 8 years",
"Birth to 12 years",
"Birth to 6 years",
"6 years to 12 years"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about pulmonary embolism except: | [
"60-80% are asymptomatic",
"Most of thrombus are formed in deep leg vein",
"All cases of pulmonary embolism lead to infarction",
"Embolism may lead to haemorrhagic infarcts in medium arteries"
] | C | Ans: c (All cases of pulmonary ....) Ref: Harrison, 16 ed, p. 1561; 17th ed, p. 1652All cases of pulmonary embolism does not lead to infarction, majority of them are asymptomaticNote:Most common source of pulmonary emboli is pelvic or femoral veins.But most common site for deep vein thrombosis is calf vein (i.e., the t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pott's fracture is - | [
"Talus fracture",
"Bimalleolar ankle fracture",
"Trimalleolar ankle fracture",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bimalieolar ankle fracture EpommFractures of lower limbBumper fractureComminuted, depressed fracture of the lateral tibia! condylePott's fractureBimalieolar ankle fractureCotton's fractureTrimalleolar ankle fracturePilon fractureComminuted intra-articular fracture of distal tibial endMarch fractureFat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What does cardiac polyp means - | [
"Acute infarct",
"Cardiac aneurysm",
"Benign tumour",
"Fibrinous clot"
] | D | . Fibrinous clot | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tacrolimus plasma level is increased by all EXCEPT: | [
"Erythromycin",
"Itraconazole",
"Danazole",
"Rifampicin"
] | D | Tacrolimus (FK506)- It is a newer immunosuppressant chemically different from cyclosporine, but having the same mechanism of action, and is 100 times more potent. It binds to a different cytoplasmic immunophilin protein labeled 'FKBP', but the subsequent steps are the same, i.e inhibition of helper T cells calcineurin.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oblique view is required to diagnose fracture of | [
"Capitate",
"Scaphoid",
"Navicular",
"Hamate"
] | B | B i.e. Scaphoid | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blue vire technology is used in | [
"VorTEX",
"VorTEX Blue",
"D3XF",
"Twisted Blue"
] | B | VorTEX uses M wire NiTi | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following structures does the ureter cross on an abdominal radiograph? | [
"The bodies of the lumbar veebrae.",
"Ischial tuberosity.",
"Sacroiliac joint.",
"Pubic tubercle."
] | C | The ureter crosses the pelvic brim over the sacroiliac joint. The ureter lies over the transverse processes of the lumbar veebrae on an abdominal film. The ureter turns medially to enter the bladder over the ischial spine, not the ischial tuberosity. The ureter passes into the bladder along the line between the ischial... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acute liver failure is more common with- | [
"Hep A",
"Hep B",
"Hep C",
"Hep D"
] | B | Hepatitis B may cause an acute viral hepatitis; however, acute infection is often asymptomatic, paicularly when acquired at bih. Many individuals with chronic hepatitis B are also asymptomatic. The risk of progression to chronic liver disease depends on the source and timing of infection . Veical transmission from moth... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Meckel's cartilage extends from: | [
"Otic capsule",
"Styloid bone",
"Hyoid cartilage",
"None of the above"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young female Shagun comes to you in the gynecology OPD and gives the history that she had intercourse with her boyfriend 5 hours back. Select the drug that can act as a single dose postcoital contraceptive for her: | [
"Clomiphene citrate",
"Mifepristone",
"Danazol",
"Medroxyprogesterone acetate"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iceberg phenomena is not seen in | [
"Measles",
"AIDS",
"Polio",
"Rubella"
] | A | The only source of measles infection is case. Carriers are not know to occur. So, iceberg phonomena is not seen in measles. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno 147 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 26 yr old asymptomatic woman is found to have arhymias and a systolic murmur associated with midsystolic clicks; which investigation would you use: | [
"Electrophysiological testing",
"Tc scan",
"Echocardiography",
"Angiography"
] | C | Answer is C (Echocardiography) The history suggests the diagnosis of 'Mitral valve prolapse'(MVP). Investigation of choice for MVP is Echocardiography. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are pattern recognition receptors for extracellular/ingested microbes, except: | [
"Toll-like receptors (TLRs)",
"Killer-cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs)",
"NOD-like receptors (NLRs)",
"C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)"
] | B | Pattern recognition receptors Cells that paicipate in innate immunity are capable of recognizing ceain components that are shared among related microbes. Pattern recognition receptors are located in all cellular compaments where microbes may be present: plasma membrane receptors detect extracellular microbes, eg. Toll-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50 yr. old male presented with chronic breathlessness and intermittent jaundice. He denies smoking and alcohol abuse. Lung and liver specimens revealed the following findings respectively What is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"Hemochromatosis",
"Cystic fibrosis",
"Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency",
"Wilsons disease"
] | C | The lung specimen reveals diffusive panacinar emphysema. The liver biopsy shows PAS positive diastase resistant deposits. Both the above clues point towards option C. - Option A hemochromatosis would show pearls stain on liver biopsy. - Cystic fibrosis would show bronchiectasis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inveed "3" sign seen in - | [
"Ampullary Ca",
"Insulinoma",
"Ca. head pancreas",
"Ca. stomach"
] | C | Answer is 'c' i.e. Ca head of pancreas "Ca of the head of the pancreas frequently causes changes in the duodenal loop. There may be widening of the duodenal loop, a double contour, irregularity of the inner border, and stricturing or distoion of the valvulae conniventes. The reversed '3' sign of Frostberg is often quot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common complication of chickenpox in children: | [
"Encephalitis",
"Secondary bacterial infection",
"Pneumonia",
"Otitis media"
] | B | b. Secondary bacterial infection(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1579-1585> Ghai 8/e p 214-215)Secondary bacterial infections of skin, by group A Streptococcus & S. aureus, may occur in children with varicella. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common retrobulbar orbital mass in adults - | [
"Nerurofibroma",
"Meningioma",
"Cavernous haemangioma",
"Schwannoma"
] | C | Commonest benign orbital tumor among adults with female preponderance(70%) ,is located in the retrobulbar muscle cone Ref: ak khurana 6th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common organism causing URTI in adult- | [
"H. influenza",
"Staph. aureus",
"Strep. pneumonia",
"Strep. pyogenes"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma is negative for CD15 and CD30 markers : | [
"Nodular sclerosis",
"Mixed cellularity",
"Lymphocyte depletion",
"Lymphocyte predominance"
] | D | Lymphocyte predominance Lymphocyte predominance subtype has tumor cells negative for CD15 and CD30; they are positive for CD20. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Brucellosis can be transmitted by all of the following modes, except: | [
"Contact with infected placenta",
"Ingestion of raw vegetables from infected farms",
"Person to person transmission",
"Inhalation of infected dust or aerosol"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Person to person transmission(Ref: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1066 and Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 339)Transmission - Contact with infected animals (Camel, sheep, goat, pigs) - Placenta, urine, milk and other discharges. Inhalation of infected dust or aerosols. Contaminated food products and ingestion of raw ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A lady with prolapsed uterus after Fothergill's repair will complain of following except : | [
"First trimester aboion",
"Cervical dystocia",
"Premature labour",
"Premature rupture of membrane"
] | A | Ans. is a i.e. First trimester aboion Fothergill's repair : Steps Preliminary D and C Amputation of cervix Strengthening the cervix by suturing cut end of Mackenrodt ligament in front of cervix Anterior Colporrhaphy Colpoperineorrhaphy Complications : 1. Cervical amputation leads to : -- Incompetent os -- Habitual aboi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common congenital anomaly associated with face presentation is : | [
"Anencephaly",
"Hydramnios",
"Microcephaly Hydrocephalus",
"Hydrocephalus"
] | A | Anencephaly | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alopecia aerate is presumed to be: | [
"Androgenic in nature",
"Autoimmune in etiology",
"Infective in etiology",
"Pa of lichenoid in spectrum"
] | B | B. i.e. Autoimmune in etiology | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to modified plan of operation, endemic areas were classified based on | [
"API",
"ABER",
"Slide positivity rate",
"Slide falciparum rate"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following not a prion associated disease - | [
"Srapie",
"Kuru",
"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease",
"Alzheimer's disease"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Alzheimer's disease | train | med_mcqa | null |
While bathing her newly received 2-year-old son, a foster mother feels a mass in his abdomen. A thorough medical evaluation of the child reveals aniridia, hypospadias, horseshoe kidney, and hemihypertrophy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this child? | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Wilms tumor",
"Hepatoblastoma",
"Rhabdomyosarcoma"
] | B | An abdominal mass is palpated in 85% of patients with Wilms tumor; abdominal pain is present in 40%, hypertension in about 60%, and hematuria in 12% to 24%. Because of the association of hemihypertrophy and aniridia with Wilms tumor, children with these findings should be followed with periodic physical examinations an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Molluscum contagiosum is a: | [
"Bacteria",
"Fungus",
"Virus",
"Parasite"
] | C | Ans. (c) VirusRef: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. /443, 445* Moluscum contagiosum is a viral infection of skin which is caused by a virus, the moluscum contagiosum virus, from pox virus family.* The virus is contagious through direct contact.* The virus also can be spread by sexual contact and can o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Voluntary movement of eye ball is controlled by | [
"Superior colliculus",
"Frontal eye field",
"Cerebellum",
"Visual cortex area"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35-year-old woman has been taking acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for ahritis for several years. Her joint pain is reduced this therapy, though the joint destruction with loss of aicular cailage still continues. However, the aspirin therapy temporarily alletes her pain. This pain reduction is primarily the result of d... | [
"Neutrophil chemotaxis by leukotriene B4",
"Fever resulting from interleukin-1 release",
"Prostaglandin mediated vasodilation",
"Pain resulting from bradykinin generation"
] | C | Prostaglandins are produced the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs block the synthesis of prostaglandins, which can produce pain. NSAID anti-inflammatory activity is mediated chiefly through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis Ref: Furst D.E., Ul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Earliest lesion seen in asbestosis is | [
"A. Pleura plaques",
"B. Hilar lymphadenopathay",
"C. Adenoma lung",
"D. Mesothelioma"
] | A | It is most common manifestation of asbestos exposure composed of plaques of dense collagen containing calcium. They are usually asymptomatic and develop on anterior and posteriolateral pas of parietal pleura and over the diaphragm Refer robbins 9/e | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following factors does not influence mandibular movements? | [
"TMJ",
"Guiding influence of contacting teeth",
"Muscles and ligaments",
"None of the above"
] | D | The condyles and teeth modify the mandibular movements, that are initiated by neuromuscular system of the patient. Therefore all three, TMJ, muscles and contacting surface of teeth influence mandibular movements. | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the inheritance pattern of congenital adrenal hyperplasia ? | [
"AD",
"AR",
"XD",
"XR"
] | B | Refer the byte "mendelian disorder and their inheritance pattern". | train | med_mcqa | null |
Woodruff's area is located at ? | [
"Antero-inferior pa of nasal septum",
"Posteroinferior pa of nasal septum",
"Superior pa of nasal septum",
"Posteroinferior pa of lateral nasal wall"
] | D | Posteriorly on the lateral nasal wall is the area known as Woodruff's area. It is situated under the posterior end of inferior turbinate.Sphenopalatine aery anastomoses with posterior pharyngeal aery, in this area. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Feature of glomerular haematuria | [
"Dysmorphic R.B.C.",
"Fragmented R.B.C.",
"Full of R.B.C.",
"Gross haematuria"
] | A | Answer is A (Dysmorphic R.BO.) Presence of Dysmorphic RBC and RBC cast suggests hematuria of glomerular origin or a glomerular disease. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following layer of the tear film is the superficial layer which is in contact with air? | [
"Lipid layer",
"Aqueous layer",
"Mucinous layer",
"None of the above"
] | A | Layers of the tear film: The tear film is composed of three primary layers; The superficial lipid layer is a monomolecular film at the air-tear interface derived from meibomian glands. It is thought to retard evaporation and form a wateight seal when the lids are closed. The middle aqueous layer is elaborated by the ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Corkscrew esophagus is seen in - | [
"Diffuse esophageal spasm",
"Achalasia Cardia",
"Carcinoma of esdophagus",
"Esophageal web"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Diffuse esophageal spasm o Radiological appearances of diffuse esophageal spasm have been described as:# Curling esophagus# Corkscrew esophagus or# Pseudodiverticulosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common nerve injury associated with thyroid surgery | [
"Right recurrent laryngeal",
"Left recurrent laryngeal",
"Right internal laryngeal",
"External branch of superior laryngeal nerve"
] | D | .The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is at risk of injury during thyroid operations when dissection of the superior pole and ligation of the superior thyroid vessels (STV) are carried out. From that perspective, EBSLN injury poses a threat to handicap all patients undergoing thyroid operations. ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Methicilline resistance staph aureus NOT responds to | [
"Aminoglycosides",
"Lincosamide",
"Oxacilli",
"Vancomycin"
] | C | (Oxacillin): (721-KDT 7th edition 396, 1070, 2069, 2135 - Harrison 18th)Oxacilline (Not marketed in India)CLOXACILLIN / DICLOXAC1LLIN - is highly penicellinase as well as acid resistant.More active than methicilline against penicillinase producing Staph but not against MRS AMethicilline resistant staph, aureus (MRSA) -... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maximum prostaglandin secretion is seen in | [
"Amniotic fluid",
"Saliva",
"Seminal fluid",
"Urine"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Seminal fluid"The concentrations in semen and mensural fluid probably reprent the highest concentrations of PGs found in human body" --www.reproductiveonline.org. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acantholysis is: | [
"Lysis of basale cell layer",
"Separation of keratinocytes",
"Thickening of granular layer",
"Thickening of corneum layer"
] | B | Ans. (b) Separation of keratinocytesRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 370* Keratinocytes are connected to one another by intracellular desmosomal bridges.* If there is loss of these desmosomal bridges, it will lead to separation of keratinocytes and the condition is known as acantholysis.* If separation continues, there will be... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common presentation of gastrinoma/ZES:March 2013 (f, h) | [
"Abdominal pain",
"Duodenal ulcer",
"Weight loss",
"Nausea"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. Duodenal ulcerGastrinomaIt is a tumor in the pancreas or duodenum that secretes excess of gastrin leading to ulceration in the duodenum, stomach and the small intestine.There is hypersecretion of the HC1 in the duodenum which causes the ulcers.HC1 also causes hyperperistalsis and inhibits the activity of li... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most useful investigation for thyroid function? | [
"TSH",
"T3",
"T4",
"Thyroglobulin"
] | A | Best thyroid function test is TSH as it helps in differentiating between primary and secondary thyrotoxicosis. The change of TSH values also indicates the improvement in the medical condition of the patient. For example, after resection of a pituitary adenoma secreting excess of TSH, the values of TSH will come back to... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common CNS tumor showing calcification is : | [
"Craniopharyngioma",
"Oligodendroglioma",
"Meningioma",
"Pilocytic astrocytoma"
] | A | Brain tumors showing calcification:
Craniopharyngioma > Oligodendroglioma > Meningioma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iron is most commonly absorbed from: | [
"Duodenum and upper jejunum",
"Lower jejunum",
"Stomach",
"Ileum"
] | A | Ans. (A) Duodenum and upper jejunum(Ref: KK Sharma 2007/675, Katzung 11/e p571, KDT 8/e p646)Maximum iron absorption occurs in duodenum and proximal jejunum.Vitamin B12 is absorbed in distal ileum whereas folic acid is absorbed in proximal jejunum. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about clavulanic acid is ? | [
"beta-lactamase inhibitors",
"Extended spectrum penicillin",
"Gram negative bacteria",
"Plasmid inhibitors"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., beta-lactamase inhibitors Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Addition of clavulanic acid re-estabilishes the activity of amoxicillin against beta-lactamase producing organisms. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Revised strategies of National Programme for Control of Blindness include all except | [
"To strengthen participation of voluntary organizations",
"To enhance coverage of eye care services in tribal and other under-served areas",
"To shift from fixed facility surgical approach to eye camp approach",
"To strengthen services for transplantation of cornea, treatment of glaucoma"
] | C | Revised Strategies of NPCB
1. Strengthening services for other causes of blindness like corneal blindness and refractive errors in school children
2. Improving followup services of cataract operated persons
3. Treating other causes of blindness like glaucoma.
– To strengthen participation of voluntary organizations
– T... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pseudojaundice is an adverse effect of: | [
"Phenytoin",
"Rifabutin",
"Omeprazole",
"Chlorpromazine"
] | B | Rifabutin: It is related to rifampin in structure and. mechanism of action; but less active against M. tuberculi and more active against MAC. Only paial cross resistance occurs between the two. In a dose of 300 mg/ day rifabutii1 is used for prophylaxis of MAC infection in AIDS patient:; For the treatment of establishe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Simple fracture of terminal phalanx of the little finger - | [
"Simple injury",
"Grievous injury",
"Dangerous injury",
"None"
] | B | Any fracture is Grievous hurt. | train | med_mcqa | null |
AH plus & AH 26 are | [
"Root canal cements",
"Medicated root canal paste",
"Fillers",
"Root canal filling material"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Growing fetus derives energy from? | [
"Amino acid",
"Carbohydrate",
"Lipid",
"Minerals"
] | B | Ans. (b) CarbohydrateRef: OP Ghai 8th ed./8-9* In order to supply the fetus with energy, the pregnant woman increases her hepatic glucose production by 16-30%. The transfer of glucose from the maternal circulation to the fetus takes placeby facilitated diffusion involving glucose transporter 1. (GLUT1)* A considerable ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young child ingests silver polish by accident. The local poison control center states that cyanide is a common ingredient of silver polish.For the above patient with a toxic ingestion or exposure, select the most likely clinical effect. | [
"combines with cytochromes and catalase to block hydrogen and electron transport, thus producing tissue asphyxia",
"methemoglobinemia",
"vertigo, hyperventilation, tinnitus, and deafness",
"bone marrow depression"
] | A | Cyanide is contained in silver polish, insecticides, rodenticides, and some plants. Inhalation of hydrogen cyanide may cause death within a minute; oral doses act more slowly, requiring several minutes to hours. Cyanide combines with cytochromes and catalase to produce tissue asphyxia. The treatment for cyanide poisoni... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not present in lungs? | [
"Clara cells",
"Langerhans cells",
"Brush cells",
"Klutischky cells"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Smell of bitter almonds is seen in poisoning with: | [
"Phosphorus",
"Hydrocyanic acid",
"Nitric acid",
"Oxalic acid"
] | B | Smell about mouth & Nose- 1) Garlic-like- Phosphorus, Arsenic, Organophosphates Thallium, Selenium, Dimethylsulphoxide. 2) Sweetish or fruity- Ethanol, Chloroform, Nitrites. 3) Acrid (pear like)- Paraldehyde, Chloral hydrate. 4) Rotten eggs- Hydrogen Sulphide, Mercaptans, Disulfiram. 5) Fishy or musty- Zn Phosphide, Al... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dextromethorphan should not be given with drug? | [
"SSRIs",
"MAO inhibitors",
"Atropine",
"Parcetamol"
] | B | Ans. is'b'i.e., MAO inhibitors[Rl Katzung L2nle p. 559, KDT /e p. 213,215)The antitussive dextromethorphan should also be avoided by patients taking one of the monoamine oxidase B inhibitors; indeed, it is wise to advise patients to avoid all over-the-counter could preparations. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Embrasure clasp are usually used in cases of | [
"Class I cases with modifications",
"Class II cases with modifications",
"Class III cases without modifications",
"All of the above"
] | C | In the fabrication of an unmodified Class II or Class III partial denture, there are no edentulous spaces on the opposite side of the arch to aid in clasping. Mechanically, this is a disadvantage. However, when the teeth are sound and retentive areas are available or when multiple restorations are justified, clasping c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acute pyogenic osteomyelitis is caused by | [
"Staph, aureus",
"Strepto. pneumonia",
"Pneumococcus",
"E. coli"
] | A | i.e. (Staph.aureus): (157-J. Maheshwari 3rd) (27-Apley 8th)* Staph, aureus is the commonest causative organism in acute osteomyelitis* Staph, aureus is the commonest causative organism in septic arthritis* Commonest site is metaphysis. This is because of the peculiar arrangement of the blood vessels in that area, which... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bones contain which type of collagen ? | [
"I",
"II",
"III",
"IV"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., I | train | med_mcqa | null |
The zone of fibrinoid degeneration where the trophoblast and the decidua meet is known as: | [
"Folds of Hoboken",
"Nitabuch's layer",
"Parietal decidua",
"Chorion"
] | B | Ans. B. Nitabuch's layerThere is an area of fibroid degeneration, where trophoblast cells (covered with syncytium) meet the decidua. This zone is known as Nitabuch layer. This layer limits further invasion of the decidua by the trophoblast. The membrane is absent in placenta accreta. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best period of gestation to carry out chorion villous biopsy for prenatal diagnosis is? | [
"8-10 weeks",
"10-12 weeks",
"12-14 weeks",
"14-16 weeks"
] | B | Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is carried out transcervical between 10-12 weeks and trans-abdominal from 10 weeks to term. Ref:Textbook of Gynecology By D C Dutta, 5th Edition, Page 315 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following carcinoma most frequently metastasizes to brain? | [
"Small cell carcinoma lung",
"Prostate cancer",
"Rectal carcinoma",
"Endometrial cancer"
] | A | . Small cell carcinoma lung | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Safe strategy" has been developed for the control of: | [
"Conjunctivitis",
"Trachoma",
"Refractive error",
"Ocular trauma"
] | B | Ans. Trachoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
The advantages of using a metal denture base are: | [
"Increased rigidity with Less bulk",
"Reduction of bulk in the palate",
"Better stimulation of the underlying tissue",
"All of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following type of cell is concerned with the production of surfactant? | [
"Type I Pneumocytes",
"Type II Pneumocytes",
"Alveolar macrophages",
"Clara cells"
] | B | Pulmonary surfactant composed of myelin and lecithin is mainly secreted continuously by Type II pneumocyte beginning from 20th week of gestation. Also Know: Surfactant has both lipid (90%) and protein (10%) component. About half of the lipids are dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and the remaining are phosphatidylglycerol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug causing ocular hypotension with apnea in an infant is: | [
"Latanoprost",
"Brimonidine",
"Timolol",
"Acetazolamide"
] | B | Ans. (B) Brimonidine(Ref: Goodman and Caiman 13th/e p1259)Brimonidine causes CNS depression in newborn babies and can result in apnea, so it is contraindicated in such patients.Ocular adverse effects of anti-glaucoma drugsDrugAdverse EffectMiotics (Pilocarpine)CataractStenosis of nasolacrimal systemPGF2 analogs (Latano... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year-old woman is diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Over the next year, she develops neurologic manifestations that include resting and intention tremors, rigidity, chorea, dysphagia, and dysarthria. On physical examination, she has bilateral Babinski signs. There are ring-like deposits of green material involving ... | [
"a1-Antitrypsin",
"CFTR",
"C Copper-transporting ATPase",
"Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase"
] | C | Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) with Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings results from a mutation in the gene encoding for a copper-transporting ATPase (ATP7B). Excessive copper deposition occurs, particularly in the liver, putamen, and cornea. Psychiatric and neurologic disturbances are common in Wilson disea... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Valve usually not involved in rheumatic fever - | [
"Mitral",
"Aortic",
"Pulmonary",
"Tricuspid"
] | C | Endocarditis in rheumatic fever
1. Mitral valve involved almost all the cases of Acute Rheumatic Fever.
2. Almost 25% of MR is associated with aortic regurgitation.
3. Tricuspid regurgitation is seen in 10-30% cases.
4. Pulmonary valve involvement is never seen. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the eyeball | [
"Fibrous coat",
"Vascular coat",
"Nervous coat",
"Lymphatics channel"
] | A | The eyeball comprises three coats :outer fibrous coat, middle vascular coat, inner nervous coat. Fibrous coat. It is a dense strong wall which protects the intraocular contents. Anterior 1/6 th of this fibrous coat is transparent and is called cornea. Posterior 5/6th opaque pa is called sclera. Junction of cornea and s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In acute morphine poisoning, the drug of choice is: | [
"Atropine",
"Methadone",
"Naloxone",
"Alcohol"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is best for diagnosis of small intestinal mucosal disease? | [
"Small bowel Series using barium contrast",
"Urinary D- xylose test",
"Small intestinal mucosal biopsy",
"Breath hydrogen test"
] | C | Mucosal disease of small intestine : Infection (esp. Giardia, Whipple's disease, tropical sprue), inflammatory diseases (esp. Crohn's disease), radiation enteritis, eosinophilic enteritis, ulcerative jejunitis, mastocytosis, tropical sprue, infiltrative disorders (amyloidosis, scleroderma, lymphoma, collagenous sprue, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 70 year old male known case of a certain malignancy presents with elevated erythropoietin levels and PCV of 52%. Most likely tumour is - | [
"Renal Cell Carcinoma",
"Medullary thyroid carcinoma",
"Gastric Carcinoma",
"Colorectal CA"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Renal Cell Carcinoma Paraneoplastic syndromes in RCCParaneoplastic syndormesi) Fever of unknown originii) Anemiaiii) Erythrocytosis (d/t secretion of erythropoietin by RCC) (but anemia is a more common finding)iv) Hypertensionv) Abnormal liver function (Stauffers syndrome ie non metastatic hepatic dys... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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