question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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An 18-year-old man who is known to have non-penicillinase producing gonococcal urethritis is given an injection of penicillin and probenecid. What is the mechanism used by probenecid that makes penicillin more efficacious | [
"Prolongs the duration of action by affecting the liver metabolism of penicillin",
"Increases the half-life and serum level by decreasing the renal excretion of penicillin",
"Promotes entry of the penicillin into the bacteria",
"Decreases the bacterial resistance by inhibiting penicillinase production"
] | B | PENICILLIN-G (BENZYL PENICILLIN) Pharmacokinetics :- Penicillin G is acid labile, therefore destroyed by gastric acid. As such, less than 1/3rd of an oral dose is absorbed in the active form. Absorption of sod. PnG from i.m. site is rapid and complete; peak plasma level is attained in 30 min. It is distributed mainly e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inveed umbrella sign is seen in? | [
"CHPS",
"Ischemic colitis",
"Ileocecal TB",
"Crohn's disease"
] | C | The 'Fleischner sign'(also known as the 'Inveed umbrella sign'), refers to a widely gaping, thickened, patulous ileocaecal valve and a narrowed, ulcerated terminal ileum associated with Tuberculous involvement of the Ileocaecum. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A rise in the anti-HBc immunoglobulin in a patient
indicates | [
"Acute infection",
"carrier state",
"prodromal phase",
"convalescence"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common complication of an ovarian tumor is : | [
"Torsion",
"Hemorrhage",
"Infection",
"Hyaline change"
] | A | Torsion | train | med_mcqa | null |
An oral drug approved for the treatment of Hepatitis C? | [
"Ledipsavir",
"Rimantidine",
"Telbivudine",
"Entecavir"
] | A | Ledipsavir is a direct acting antiviral drug used to treat chronic Hep C . It is used in combination with sofosbuvir. trade name being Harvoni Ref: Goodman n Gillman 13th ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about larynx ? | [
"9 cailages - 3 paired and 3 unpaired.",
"Extends from C3 to C6 veebrae.",
"External laryngeal nerve supplies all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid.",
"Cricothyroid is a tensor of vocal cord."
] | C | Larynx is made up of 9 cailages : 3 paired & 3 unpaired. It extends from C3 - C6 veebral level. All laryngeal muscles are supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid (supplied by external laryngeal nerve). Cricothyroid tenses the vocal cord . | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about sebaceous cyst:- | [
"Arise in the epidermis",
"Mobile over skin",
"Commonly seen in scalp",
"Rarely contains central punctum"
] | C | Generally sebaceous cyst is derived from infundibulum of hair follicles / caused by traumatic inclusion Sites are scalp, face, trunk and scrotum Usually sebaceous cyst contains a punctum (except scalp and scrotum) Skin is fixed over the cyst | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ligation of the coeliac artery mostly affects all except - | [
"Stomach",
"Pancreas",
"Jejunum",
"Spleen"
] | C | Coeliac artery is the artery of foregut and supplies foregut derivatives i.e. lower part of esophagus, stomach, proximal part of duodenum, liver, spleen and major part of pancreas.
Jejunum is midgut derivative which is supplied by superior mesenteric artery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Circinate balanitis is a feature of | [
"Osteoarthritis",
"Psoariatic arthritis",
"Reactive arthritis",
"Ankylosing spondylitis"
] | C | Circinate balanitis and Keratoderma Blennorrhagica is a feature of Reactive arthritis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the Neutrophil count for moderate neutropenia | [
"< 500/mm'",
"500-1000/mm'",
"> 1000/mm3",
"100/mm3"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 500-1000mm' Mild neutropenia - Is present when the ANC is 1000-15000 cells/uL Moderate neutropenia - Is present with an ANC of 500-1000/4 Severe neutropenia ANC lower than 500 cells/pL. The risk of bacterial infection is related to both the severity and duration of the neutropenia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Total iron requirement during pregnancy: | [
"500mg",
"1000mg",
"1500mg",
"2000mg"
] | B | Iron intake per day in Non-Pregnant woman is 21mg/day
Iron required per day in Non-pregnant woman is 1.6mg/day
Iron intake per day in Pregnant woman is 35mg/day
Iron requirement per day in pregnant woman is 2.8mg/day
Total iron requirement in pregnancy is 1000mg | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which dissacharies are not broken down in git - | [
"Lactulose",
"Maltose",
"Sucrose",
"Lactose"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lactuloseo Maltose is hydrolysed by maltase into two molecules of glucose.o Sucrose is hydrolysed into fructose and glucose by sucrase {an enzyme present in brush border of intestinal epithelium). Lactase is hydrolysed into galactose and glucose by lactase (b-glucosidase). Trehalase hydrolyzes trehelo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ascending pain pathway is inhibited in dorsal midbrain by | [
"5-HT (serotonin)",
"Noradrenaline 1",
"Substance P",
"Glutamate"
] | A | The cell bodies of serotonin containing neurons are localized in the raphe nuclei of midbrain and brainstem. ... Serotonin therefore acts descending pathway to modulate spinal pain signals Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:699,700,701 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about genomic library, EXCEPT | [
"Collection of cloned DNA fragments",
"Screening is done by oligonucleotide probes",
"Only exons are present",
"Vectors are used to carry and replicate the fragments"
] | C | A genomic library is bacteria with plasmids containing DNA fragments representing the majority of the genetic information from a plant or animal. Genomic library cDNA library Genomic DNA isolated from an organism is digested by restriction enzymes and put in separate vectors. mRNA is conveed to cDNA which contains only... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cryptococcus can be readily demonstrated by ? | [
"Albe's stain",
"India ink stain",
"Giema's stain",
"Gram's stain"
] | B | Ans. is b' i.e., Indian ink stain | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vestibule of vagina is derived from? | [
"Genital ridge",
"Wolffian duct",
"Mullerian duct",
"Urogenital sinus"
] | D | The vulval vestibule (or vulvar vestibule or vestibule of vagina) is a pa of the vulva between the labia minora into which the urinary meatus (urethral opening) and the vaginal opening open. Its edge is marked by Ha's line. It represents the distal end of the urogenital sinus of the embryo | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about postreptococcal glomerulonephritis except ? | [
"Crescent formation",
"Subepithelial deposits",
"Granular deposits of IgG",
"Deposition of IgA"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Deposition of IgA Post streptococcal (Acute proliferative) glomerulonephritis Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an acute proliferative glomerulonephritis which is characterized by diffuse proliferation of glomerular cells, associated with influx of leukocytes. PSGN is characterized by - ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Neoplasm associated with Waldenstorm's macro- globulinemia also called as: | [
"Smoldering myeloma",
"Primary CNS lymphoma",
"Lympho plasmacytic lymphoma",
"MGUS (Mono gammopathy of undetermined significance)"
] | C | Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition, pg 942, 943, 940, 3387Explanation:Waldenstorms macroglohulinemia is a malignancy of lymphoplamsmacytoid cells that secrete IgMAssociated with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hy perv i scos styNo bony lesions/renal disease like IgM myelomaElderly agePer... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Major part of semen is secreted by- | [
"Seminal vesicle",
"Cowpers glands",
"Prostate",
"Urethral gland"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Seminal vesicl * Seminal vesicle secretions contributes 60% of total volume of semen.Composition of human semenPhysical characterSeminal Vesicle secretions (contributes 60% oftotal volume)From prostate (20% of volume)Buffers* Colour : white, opalescent* Specific gravity : 1.028* Ph: 7.35 -7.50* Sperm-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sprinter gets its immediate energy from | [
"Glycogen",
"Fatty acid",
"Creatine phosphate",
"None"
] | C | Muscular activity accounts for much of the body&;s energy consumption. Muscles have a sho-term store of energy in the form of creatine phosphate which is generated from ATP and can regenerate ATP when needed with creatine kinase. Muscles also keep a storage form of glucose in the form of glycogen. Glycogen can be rapid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coagulative necrosis is due to: | [
"Denaturation of protein",
"Enzymatic digestion",
"Infection",
"None"
] | A | Ans. (a) Denaturation of protein(Ref Robbins 9th/pg 50)Coagulative necrosis: most common type of necrosisOccurs due to degenerated cytoplasmic proteins | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anterior ethmoidal aery closely related to which of the following structures in the anterior ethmoidal canal? | [
"Recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"Nasociliary nerve",
"Optic nerve",
"Posterior ethmoidal aery"
] | B | The anterior ethmoidal aery accompanies the nasociliary nerve through the anterior ethmoidal canal, supplies the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells and frontal sinus, and after entering the cranium, gives off a meningeal branch to the dura mater, and nasal branches. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Strength of topical ophthalmic preparations of tobramycin is : September 2009 | [
"3 mg/ ml",
"8 mg/ ml",
"10 mg/ml",
"13 mg/ml"
] | A | Ans. A: 3 mg/ml Tobramycin works by binding to a site on the bacterial 30S and 50S ribosome, preventing formation of the 70S complex. As a result, mRNA cannot be translated into protein and cell death ensues. Sterile Tobramycin Ophtha Solution (eye-drops) contains tobramycin concentration of 0.3%. It is mixed with 0.01... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with neck pain. An MRI examination reveals a herniated disk in the cervical region. Physical examination reveals weakness in wrist extension and paranesthesia on the back of her arm and forearm. Which of the following spinal nerves is most likely injured? | [
"C5",
"C6",
"C7",
"C8"
] | C | The seventh cervical nerve makes a major contribution to the radial nerve, and this nerve is the prime mover in wrist extension. The dermatome of C7 is in the region described. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 66-year-old man presents with a sudden onset of diabetes, anorexia, weight loss, epigastric pain with radiation to back. Next best investigation for this patient is? | [
"Ultrasound of abdomen",
"CT abdomen",
"Enteroclysis",
"Triple contrast barium enema"
] | B | Ans. B CT abdomenRef: Bailey and Love: 26th ed. page 1137* The clinical history of epigastric pain radiating to back points to pancreatic etiology. This patient may have developed pancreatic cancer. Sudden onset of diabetes in the elderly is also suggestive. The best imaging modality to image chronic pancreatitis or pa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Central Chemoreceptors are mot sensitive to following changes in blood: | [
"TPCO2",
"i,PCO2",
"TH'",
"TP02"
] | A | A i.e. TPCO2 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardiac or central nervous system toxicity may result when standard lidocaine doses are administered to patients with circulatory failure. This may be due to the following reason – | [
"Lidocaine concentration are initially higher in relatively well perfused tissues such as brain and heart",
"Histamine receptors in brain and heart gets suddenly activated in circulatroy failure",
"There is a sudden out-burst of release of adreneline, noradreneline and dopamine in brain and heart",
"Lidocaine... | A | Lidocaine is a rapidly acting drug because of its rapid distribution to well perfused tissues such as brain and heart.
Circulatory failure is characterized by decreased cardiac output and a consequent decrease in hepatic blood flow. As a result metabolic clearance of Lidocaine in liver is diminshed and its elimination ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 43 year old principal of a medical college comes for psychiatric evaluation. He repos that throughout his life he has worked hard and has lived a disciplined life. He always follows all the rules and does the 'right thing', however no one really likes him. The principal appears to have which of the following personal... | [
"Schizoid",
"Paranoid",
"Anankastic",
"Borderline"
] | C | Obsessive compulsive personality disorder / Anankastic PD - Preoccupied with rules and regulation Perfectionism that slows them down Stubborn and inflexible No time for leisure and no sense of humour No obsession and compulsion seen in anankastic | train | med_mcqa | null |
Incubation period of Influenza is:- | [
"1-3 days",
"7-10 days",
"10-14 days",
"1-6 hours"
] | A | Incubation period :- Time interval b/w entry of organism till appearance of first sign / symptom. I.P of influenza is 1-3 days.( 18-72 hours) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Avascular necrosis is the commonest in one of the following fracture - | [
"Garden 1 and 2 fracture of femoral neck",
"Garden 3 and 4 fracture of femoral neck",
"Sub-trochanteric fracture of femoral neck",
"Baso-trochanteric fracture"
] | B | AVN and non-union are almost always seen with displaced fracture (Garden's III & IV) and are less common with undisplaced fractures (Garden's I & II). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is responsible for localization of sound ? | [
"Cochlear nerve",
"Cochlea",
"Superior olivary nucleus",
"Cochlear nuclei"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Superior olivary nucleus Localization of sound in space A human can distinguish sounds originating from sources separated by as little as 1 degree. Binaural receptive fields (which is a feature of most auditory neurons above the level of cochlear nuclei) contribute to sound localization. In other word... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true regarding globi in a patient with lepromatous leprosy - | [
"Consists of lipid laden macrophages",
"Consists of macrophages filled with AFB",
"Consists of neutrophils filled with bacteria",
"Consists of activated lymphocytes"
] | B | ‘Intracellularly, M.leprae are arranged as – parallel cigar bundles of bacilli bound with lipid like glia (globi) present inside foamy macrophage (Virchow’s leprae cell)’ | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type II Hypersensitivity is seen in? | [
"Pernicious anaemia",
"Serum sickness",
"Arthus phenomenon",
"Pathergy phenomenon"
] | A | Ref: Robbins Pathology E-Book, P 139* Pernicious anaemia is associated with anti-parietal cell antibodies and is an example of type 2 hypersensitivity reaction.* Choice B and C are type 3 hypersensitivity reactions.* Choice D is type 4 hypersensitivity phenomenon.DiseaseTarget AntigenMechanisms of DiseaseClinicopatholo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In male patients, genital TB preferentially affects which of the following? | [
"Epididymis",
"Orchitis",
"Prostatitis",
"Penis"
] | A | In male patients, genital TB preferentially affects the epididymis, orchitis and prostatitis may also develop. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 1347 | train | med_mcqa | null |
S, S is strain of .......... Vaccine:- | [
"Dengavaxia",
"MIP Leprosy vaccine",
"Mosquirix",
"Anti HIV vaccine"
] | C | MOSQUIRIX:- First & only licensed malaria Vaccine (2019 by WHO- use in 3 areas- pilot Ghana, Kenya and Malawi) Include 3 things 1 Preerythrocytic circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. 2 Viral envelope proteins of HBs Ag. 3 "ASO1" Adjuvant. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient is complaining of "lump in the throat" without any difficulty in deglutition. The muscle involved in the given condition | [
"Cricopharyngeal muscle",
"Thyropharyngeus muscle",
"Stylopharyngeus muscle",
"None"
] | A | Answer- A. Cricopharyngeal muscleThe sensation of difficulty in swallowing (medically called dysphagia) in the absence of any apparent physical abnormality is often commonly described as having "lump in the throat".The most common cause of such a sensation is due to tightening of the cricopharyngeal muscle surrounding ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a pro-drug? | [
"Becampicillin",
"Levodopa",
"Penicillin",
"Enalapril"
] | C | A prodrug is a pharmacological substance that is administered in an inactive or paially active form, and is subsequently conveed to an active pharmacological agent (drug) through normal metabolic processes (bioactivation). Levodopa changes to dopamine Becampicillin to ampicilline and Enalapril to enalaprilat | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of bony metastases in Retinoblastoma- | [
"Skull bones",
"Hip bones",
"Ribs",
"Veebrae"
] | A | *Metastasis by blood stream occurs to skill bone and distal bones. Ref: AAO- Ophthalmic pathology and Intraocular Tumors, section 4, 2014-15 p.304. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Palatine tonsil not seen is: | [
"Develops from second pharyngeal pouch",
"Branch of facial artery is main blood supply",
"Covered by fibrous capsule",
"Leads to ear pain due to Xth nerve"
] | D | (d) Leads to ear pain due to Xth nerve(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 3; 742)Referred pain from tonsils is through the IXth i.e. Glossopharyngeal nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A farmer visiting an orchard gets unconscious, excessive salivation , constricted pupils and fasciculation of muscles, treatment started with | [
"Atropine",
"Neostigmine",
"Physostigmine",
"Adrenaline"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Atropine * The signs and symptoms shown by the patient are of cholinergic hyperactivity. The poisoning is most probably by an organophosphorus compound.Best antidote for it is Atropine.Atropine is supplemented by cholinesterase reactivators , the oxime compounds* ( Pralidoxime, Obidoxime, Diacetyl mono... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Generalized necrotizing lymphadenopathy is | [
"Kimura disease",
"Kikuchi disease",
"Non hodgkins lymphoma",
"Castle mans disease"
] | B | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best investigation for cardiac tamponade is: | [
"2-D echocardiography",
"Real time echocardiography",
"Ultrasound",
"M-mode echocardiography"
] | A | Ans. 2-D echocardiography | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of death in PDA is? | [
"Cardiac failure",
"Respiratory failure",
"Infective endaeritis",
"Embolization"
] | A | Cardiac failure REF: Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics 17th edition page 1611, Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine -Brian P. Griffin Page 458 "With a PDA, congestive hea failure (CHF) can occur because of chronic left hea volume overload. In patients with death related to PDA, CHF is the most common cause" Infective endaeri... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nucleolus contains | [
"DNA",
"RNA",
"Chromatin material",
"Protein molecules"
] | B | Ans. b (RNA). (Ref: Harper, Biochemistry, 25th ed., 8)CELL# A cell is composed mainly of cytoplasm, cell organelle and a nucleus.# Nucleus is made up of nucleoli.# Nucleus contain number of chromosomes packed together.# Genes are made up of DNA.# The entire genetic information contained in the genes is packaged in the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following conditions may predispose to pulmonary embolism except | [
"Protein S deficiency",
"Malignancy",
"Obesity",
"Progesterone therapy"
] | D | Oesterogen predisposes to thrombosis and not progesterone | train | med_mcqa | null |
Secondary prevention is applicable to | [
"Casual factors",
"Early stage of disease",
"Late stage of disease",
"General population"
] | B | Secondary prevention includes early diagnosis and treatment, so it aims at preventing a disease progressing to complications Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine; 23rd edition; Pg no: 42 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of Hypertension in adults is - | [
"Essential Hypertension",
"Pheochrmocytoma",
"Renal Artery' Stenosis",
"Chronic Glomerulonephritis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Essential Hypertension o Most common cause of Hypertension in adults is Essential Hypertension.# Essential (primary or idiopathic) hypertension is the most common cause of hypertension in adolescents and adults. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 year old male is brought to casualty after a night party with complaints of epigastric pain, penetrating towards back. Which is the best for diagnosis? | [
"Serum lipase",
"CPK-MB",
"ALP",
"Gamma- GGT"
] | A | Ans. (a) Serum LipaseRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 2100* The cardinal symptom of acute pancreatitis is abdominal pain, which is characteristically dull, boring, and steady.* Usually, the pain is sudden in onset and gradually intensifies in severity until reaching a constant ache.* The pain radiates directly through the abdo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true regarding Singer's nodule? | [
"Laser therapy is treatment of choice",
"It occurs at junction of anterior 1/3rd and posterior 2/3rd",
"Requires excision as its potentially malignant",
"Most common symptom is pain"
] | B | Vocal nodules (Singer's or Screamer's nodes) They appear symmetrically on the free edge of vocal cord, at the junction of anterior one-third, with the posterior two-thirds, as is this the area of maximum vibration of the cord and thus subject to maximum trauma. Their size varies from that of pin - head to half a pea. T... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does not form Waldeyer's ring? | [
"Palatine Tonsils",
"Adenoids",
"jugulodigastric node",
"Lateral pharyngeal bands"
] | C | Ans-CRef: Diseases of Ear, Nose & Thr oat. by Dhingra 5th edition. Chapter on diseases of pharynxExplanation:Waideyer's ringIt is formed by aggregated collections of lymphoid tissues distributed in the pharyngeal mucosa.It is formed by:AdenoidsPalatine tonsilsLingual tonsilsTubal tonsils in the fossa of RossenmullerLat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The exchange of gases between plasma and tissue fluid is a function of | [
"Partial pressures",
"Hydrostatic pressures",
"Osmotic pressure differentials",
"Difference in volume percent of gases"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of action of benzodiazepine is | [
"GABAA - BZD - Cl- channel stimulator",
"GABAB - BZD - Cl- channel stimulator",
"BZD receptor stimulator",
"NMDA receptor stimulator"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., GABAA - BZD - Cl- channel stimulator Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines (BZDs)* Muscle relaxation is produced by action on medulla.* Ataxia is due to action on cerebellum.* BZDs acts on GABAA receptors.* GABAa receptor has 5 subunits a / b, b, a / g.* GABA binding site is on b. subunit, while BZDs... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Under the national TB programme, for a PHC to be called a PHC-R, requisite is - | [
"Microscopy",
"Microscopy plus radiology",
"Radiology",
"None of the above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Microscopy plus radiology o District tuberculosis centre (DTC) is the nucleus of DTP o The function of DTC is to plan, organize and implement the DTP in the entire district, in association with general Health services. o When DTP activities (Sputum microscopy, chest X-ray, Anti-TB treatment) are intro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Middle meningeal artery is branch of - | [
"l\nst\n part of maxillary artery",
"2\nnd\n part of maxillary artery",
"3\nrd\n part of maxillary artery",
"External carotid artery"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Translocation seen in mantle cell lymphoma is? | [
"t(8;14)",
"t(11;14)",
"t(11;18)",
"t(9;22)"
] | B | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition In mantle cell lymphoma chromosomachromosomal translocation t (11:14) and over expression of immunoglobulin IgM and IgD protein.. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which pathway takes place partly in mitochondria and partly in cytoplasm. | [
"Electron transport chain",
"Link reaction",
"Fatty acid synthesis",
"Gluconeogenesis"
] | D | Heme synthesis
Mnemonic: These 3
Urea cycle
Pathways HUG
Gluconeogenesis
cytoplasm and mitochondria
These 3 pathways takes place partly in cytoplasm and partly in mitochondria. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are methods for improving oxygenation using a ventilator, except: | [
"High frequency ventilation",
"Low tidal volume high PEEP",
"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)",
"Prone ventilation"
] | A | Ans. a. High frequency ventilation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Testamentary capacity refers to | [
"Ability to make a valid will",
"Criminal liability",
"Right to vote",
"Ability to give evidence"
] | A | Ans. (A). Ability to make a valid will(Ref: KSN Reddy, Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 33rd Ed., P. 493)Testamentary capacityQMental Ability of a person to make a valid willHolograph willQWritten by the testator in his own hand writingSomnambulismSleep walkingSomnolentiaSleep - drunkenness - midway betwee... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A post-operative cardiac surgical patient developed sudden hypotension, raised central venous pressure, pulsus paradoxus at the 4th post operative hour. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"Ventricular dysfunction",
"Cardiac tamponade",
"Congestive cardiac failure",
"Excessive mediastinal bleeding"
] | B | This patient is showing features suggestive of cardiac tamponade, which occurred secondary to bleeding into the pericardial space following cardiac surgery. Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulate in the pericardial space in a quantity sufficient to cause serious obstruction to the inflow of blood to the ventric... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The immediate degradation of glycogen under normal conditions gives rise to which one of the following? | [
"More glucose than glucose-1-phosphate",
"More glucose-1-phosphate than glucose",
"Equal amounts of glucose and glucose-1-phosphate",
"Neither glucose nor glucose-1-phosphate"
] | B | Phosphorylase produces glucose-1-phosphate from glucose residues linked a-1,4. Free glucose is produced from a-1,6-linked residues at branch points by an a-1,6-glucosidase activity of the debranching enzyme. Degradation of glycogen produces glucose-1-phosphate and glucose in about a 10:1 ratio, which is the ratio of th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Salt losing Hydroxylase deficiency is characterized by-a) Hyponatremiab) Hyperkalemiac) Hypoglycemiad) Hypocalcemia | [
"abc",
"bc",
"ad",
"bcd"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the following treatments is most most effective phobic disorders? | [
"Fluoxetine",
"Systematic Desensitisation",
"Imipramine",
"Motivational Therapy"
] | B | Systematic desensitisation is a form of psychological therapy. In this therapy where the patient is slowly and gradually exposed to the fearful stimuli and reducing the avoidance response. It is the most effective therapy approach in phobias. SSRIs can be used to help the therapy process if the anxiety is too high. Mot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The poly ahritic condition that is not common inm | [
"Gout",
"Psoriasis ahritis",
"Ankylosing spondylitis",
"SLE"
] | D | Ref Robbins 9/e p218 Similar to many autoimmune disease ,SLE predominantly affects women.a female to male ratio of 9:1.is seen during the reproductive age get .female to male ratio is only 2:1 for the development of the disease at childhood or at the age of 65 | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Antihistone" antibodies are detectable in: | [
"CREST",
"PAN",
"Drug induced Lupus",
"Intestinal lymphoma"
] | C | Drug induced Lupus | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following organisms is unlikely to be found in the sputum of a patient with cystic fibrosis? | [
"Haemophilus influenzae",
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"Pseudomonas",
"Aspergillus fumigatus"
] | B | Patients with cystic fibrosis are at risk for colonization and/or infection with a number of pathogens, and in general, these infections have a temporal relationship.In childhood, the most frequently isolated organisms are Haemophilus influenza and Staphylococcus aureus.As patients age, Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Etoposide acts by - | [
"Inhibition of dihydrofolate",
"Inhibition of topoisomerase",
"Inhibition of purine synthesis",
"Inhibition of protein synthesis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inhibition of topoisomerase o Etoposide and teniposide are natural anticancer drugs. o They act by inhibiting topoisomerase II that leads to DNA strand breakage. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year male with a history of alcohol dependence presents with confusion, nystagmus and ataxia. Examination reveals 6th cranial nerve weakness. What is he is most likely to be suffering from? | [
"Delirium tremens",
"Korsakoff's psychosis",
"De Clerambault syndrome",
"Wernicke's encephalopathy"
] | D | Patient in the question is showing features of Wenicke's encephalopathy. It is manifested by confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus. It can occur as a result of thiamine deficiency. The lesions caused by thiamine deficiency occur in the hippocampus, the mammillary bodies, and the anterior and dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Odour receptors are present in: | [
"Olfactory epithelium",
"Olfactory tract",
"Amygdala",
"Olfactory bulbs"
] | A | The Sense of Smell. Smell depends on sensory receptors that respond to airborne chemicals. In humans, these chemoreceptors are located in the olfactory epithelium -- a patch of tissue about the size of a postage stamp located high in the nasal cavity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 12-year-old boy, after a camping trip near a wooded area in Northern California, is taken to the emergency room after complaining of a headache. He has an erythema migrans rash around what appears to be a tick bite. Which of the following is the antibiotic of choice for treating this patient? | [
"Ampicillin",
"Ceftriaxone",
"Erythromycin",
"Penicillin"
] | B | Campylobacter difficile causes toxin-mediated pseudomembranous enterocolitis as well as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is normally seen during or after administration of antibiotics. One of the few agents effective against C. difficile is vancomycin. Alternatively, bacitracin can be used... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is post-chemotherapy based staging system in Wilms' tumor? | [
"National Wilms' tumor staging system (NWTS)",
"International society of pediatric oncology (ISPO)",
"AJCCTNM",
"Chadwick"
] | A | a. National Wilms' tumor staging system (NWTS)(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2464-2466, Ghai 8/e 617-618)The two major groups which have tremendous contributions in the management of Wilms' tumor are National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) and the Societe Internationale D'oncologie Pediatrique (SIOP).In 2001, NWTS merged with severa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Surgical treatment of cryptorchidism of right testis with normally descended left testis can be done? | [
"Immediately",
"At 2 years of age",
"At 4 years before going to school",
"None"
] | D | Ans. is 'None' "The congenital undescended testis should be treated surgically no later than 9-15 months. Surgical correction at 6 months is appropriate". - Nelson Impoance of age at orchidopexy A) Why after 4 months o The majority of the undescended testes descent spontaneously during first 3 months. So, orchidopexy s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
First stage of lung development is | [
"Pseudoglandular",
"Tubular",
"Alveolar",
"Canalicular"
] | A | Lung organogenesis is pa of the embryonal period. While fetal lung development consists in the pseudoglandular, canalicular and saccular stages, postnatal lung development comprises the stages of classical and continued alveolarization, as well as of microvascular maturation. The phases of lung development are mainly b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
About acidic drug true is - | [
"Best absorbed in acidic medium",
"Best absorbed in alkaline medium",
"Not absorbed in acidic medium",
"Binds to alpha glycoprotein"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Best absorbed in acidic medium o Acidic drugs are largely unionized at acid pH and are absorbed from stomach. o Acidic drugs bind to plasma albumin (not alpha glycoprotein). - Remember 'A '(acid) for `A1(albumin). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Compound that joints glycolysis with glycogenesis & glycogenolysis : | [
"Glucose 1, 6 bi phosphate",
"Glucose 1 PO4",
"Glucose 6 PO4",
"Fructose 1, 6 bi phosphate"
] | C | C i.e. Glucose 6 PO4Glucose 6 phosphate is an impoant compound that joins several metabolic pathways viz. glycolysis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathwayQ | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are dopaminergic agonists used for parkinsonism except- | [
"Bromocriptine",
"Ropinerole",
"Pramipexole",
"Selegiline"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Selegiline o Selegiline is a MAO-B inhibitor. o Bromocriptine, ropinerole and pramipexole are dopamine agonsists. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aging is most probably due to: | [
"Non random mutation in somatic cells",
"Decrease in collagen cross linkage",
"Increase in superoxidase dismutase",
"Accumulated free radical injury in tissue"
] | D | Accumulated free radical injury in tissue | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sago grain like vesicular eruption is seen in- | [
"Pompholyx",
"Seborrhoeic dermatitis",
"Atopic dermatitis",
"Syphilis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pompholyx POMPHOLYXo An attack of pompholyx is characterized by the sudden onset of crops of clear vesicles, which appear 'sago-like'.o Itching may be severe, preceding the eruption of vesicles,o The attack subsides spontaneously in 2-3 weeks .o In mild cases, only the sides of the fingers may be affe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sharp instrument should be disposed in: September 2005 | [
"Blue bag",
"Red bag",
"Black beg",
"Yellow bag"
] | A | Ans. A: Blue bag The different waste groups have different colours for the containers and bags for the identification according to the hazards and applied throughout the complete disposal chain (segregation, collection, storage, transpo, disposal): Warning colors for hazardous waste (Red, yellow, orange) Positive color... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Magenta tongue is found in the deficiency of the vitamin | [
"Riboflavin",
"thiamine",
"nicotinic acid",
"pyridoxine"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 29-year-old man comes to a local hospital with duodenal peptic ulcer and complains of cramping epigastric pain. Which of the following structures harbors the cell bodies of abdominal pain fibers? | [
"Lateral horn of the spinal cord",
"Anterior horn of the spinal cord",
"Dorsal root ganglion",
"Sympathetic chain ganglion"
] | C | Cell bodies of the abdominal pain fibers are located in the dorsal root ganglion. The lateral horn of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers; Anterior horn contains cell bodies of general somatic efferent (GSE) fibers. The sympathetic chain ganglion contains cell bodies of sympat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common species of pseudomonas causing intravascular catheter related infections is ? | [
"P. cepacia",
"P. aeruginosa",
"P. maltophilia",
"P. mallei"
] | B | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most troublesome agent of nosocomial infections | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 19-year-old man sustains severe lower-extremity trauma, including a femur fracture and a crush injury to his foot. He requires vascular reconstruction of the popliteal aery. On the day after surgery, he becomes dyspneic and hypoxemic and requires intubation and mechanical ventilation. Which of the following is the mo... | [
"Aspiration",
"Atelectasis",
"Fat embolism syndrome",
"Fluid overload"
] | C | Fat embolism syndrome is a relatively uncommon complication of long-bone fractures and is characterized by acute respiratory failure, altered mental status, and petechiae. Unfounately, there are no reliable diagnostic tests, and management is suppoive only. Pulmonary edema is unlikely in an otherwise healthy 19-year-ol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phage typing is widely used for the intraspecies classification of one of the following bacteria ? | [
"Staphylococci",
"E. coli",
"Klebsiella pneumoniae",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Staphylococci | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 26 years male person has got injury to mid arm patient developed wrist drop, finger drop, loss of sensation and dorsum of hand, patient is able to do elbow extension, the diagnosis is | [
"Very high radial nerve injury",
"High radial nerve injury",
"Low radial nerve injury",
"Posterior Interooseus nerve"
] | B | Very high radial nerve palsy ----elbow extension lost, wrist drop, finger drop High radial nerve palsy ----wrist drop, finger drop Low radial nerve palsy ----finger drop, no wrist drop Refer maheswari 9th ed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lipofuscin, the golden yellow pigment is seen in hea muscles in: March 2007 | [
"Atrophy",
"Hyperophy",
"Infarction",
"Hyperplasia"
] | A | Ans. A: AtrophyThe lipofuscin pigment may impa a brownish discoloration to tissues when present in sufficient amounts (atrophy).Lipofuscin is an insoluble pigment which represents the indigestible residue of autophagic vacuoles within cells formed during aging or atrophy.The following is the manner in which lipofuscin ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All can be prevented by orchiopexy in cryptorchidism Except | [
"Testicular tumor",
"Epididymo orchitis",
"Torsion of testis",
"Sexual ambiguity"
] | A | All types of malignant testicular tumors are more common in incompletely descended testes even if they have been brought down surgically. However it does improve the prospect of early diagnosis." - Bailey Undescended testis In undescended testis - the testes is arrested in some pa of its path to the scrotum. In Ectopic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ECG changes in Hypokalemia are? | [
"Tall T wave",
"Poor P wave",
"Sho QT interval",
"Presence of U wave"
] | D | Electrocardiographic changes in hypokalemia include broad flat T waves, ST depression, u wave and QT prolongation. These are most marked when serum K+ is <2.7 mmol/L. (reference: harrisons principles of internal medicine,19E page-307) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Change noticed in diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy is: March 2010 | [
"Decline of 10-20 mm of Hg",
"Decline of 5-10 mm of Hg",
"Elevation of 10-20 mm of Hg",
"Elevation of 5-10 mm of Hg"
] | B | Ans. B: Decline of 5-10 mm of Hg Systemic blood pressure declines slightly during pregnancy. There is a little change in systolic blood pressure, but diastolic pressure is reduced (5-10mm Hg) from about 12-26 weeks. Diastolic pressure increases thereafter to prepregnancy levels by about 36 weeks. The obstruction posed ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following features is shared in common between lymphocyte - rich and lymphocyte predominant types of Hodgkin's lymphoma - | [
"Paucity of diagnostic RS cells",
"EBV is associated",
"RS cells are CD 20 positive",
"Good prognosis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is sexual masochism | [
"Sexual gratification is obtained by suffering pain",
"Sexual gratification is obtained by infliction of pain",
"Sexual gratification by exposing one's genitalia",
"Sexual gratification by rubbing private parts"
] | A | Masochism: Sexual gratification is obtained by suffering pain.
Sadism: Sexual gratification is obtained by infliction of pain. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In an EEG, a generalized, symmetric, 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge that begins and ends suddenly, superimposed on a normal EEG background. What is the diagnosis? | [
"Tonic-clonic seizures",
"Simple paial seizures",
"Complex paial seizures",
"Absence seizures"
] | D | The electrophysiologic hallmark of typical absence seizures is a generalized, symmetric, 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge that begins and ends suddenly, superimposed on a normal EEG background.In tonic-clonic seizures, The EEG during the tonic phase of the seizure shows a progressive increase in generalized low-voltage fa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A middle-aged lady presents with complaints of lower back pain. On examination there is weakness of extension of right great toe with no sensory impairment. An MRI of the lumbosacral spine would most probably reveal a prolapsed intervetebral disc at what level? | [
"L3 - L4",
"L4 - L5",
"L5 - S1",
"S1 - S2"
] | B | LUMBAR DISC PROLAPSE DEFINITION It is condition in which there is outpouching of the disc Nucleus pulposus along with few annular fibres and end plate cailage through the tears in annulus fibrosus into the extradural space * Antalgic gait Affected hip more extended and knee more flexed than normal side * Trendelenberg ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Orthodontic closure of a midline diastema in a patient with thick maxillary frenum: | [
"Is accomplished prior to the frenum surgery",
"Is accomplished after the frenum surgery",
"After orthodontic closure, frenum surgery is typically not indicated",
"After frenum surgery, orthodontic closure is typically not indicated"
] | A | Orthodontic closure of a midline diastema is accomplished prior to the periodontal surgery. If a frenectomy is performed prior to orthodontic treatment, it is possible that scar tissue could form in the area, which may impede orthodontic tooth movement. | train | med_mcqa | null |
After renal transplant, what is the most common oppounistic infection? | [
"Varicella Zoster virus",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"Ebstein Barr virus",
"Coxsackie virus"
] | B | About 50% of all renal transplant recipients presents with fever 1-4 months after transplantation have evidence of CMV disease; CMV present as ahralgias, myalgias, or organ-specific symptoms. During this period, this infection may represent primary disease (in the case of a seronegative recipient of a kidney from a ser... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the given distribution of weight of a group of student the best central tendency is determined by | [
"Mean",
"Median",
"Mode",
"All of the above"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spigelia hernia is a type of hernia occurring at: | [
"Medial border of rectus abdominis",
"Lateral border of rectus abdominis",
"Lumbar region",
"Femoral canal"
] | B | Spigelian hernia occurs through the linear semilunaris which corresponds to the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a pneumatic bone - | [
"Parietal bone",
"Occipital bone",
"Mastoid process",
"None"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mastoid process o Pneumatic bones are one which contain large air spaces lined by epithelium. Examples: maxilla, sphenoid, ethmoid, etc. They make the skull light in weight, help in resonance of voice, and act as air conditioning chambers for the inspired air.o A bone that is hollow or contains many a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The virus, which spreads by both hermatogenous and neural route is - | [
"Rabies virus",
"Varicella zoster virus",
"Poliovirus",
"E.B. Virus"
] | C | The virus multiplies initially in the epithelial cells of the alimentary canal and the lymohatic tissues from tonsil to peyer's patches. It then spreads to the rwgiinal lymoh node and enters blood stream. Direct neural transmission ti the CNS may also occur. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acute Primary Amoebic meningoencephalitis true is - | [
"Meningitis caused by acanthamoeba species is acute in nature",
"Diagnosis is by demonstration of trophozoite in CSF",
"Caused by feco-oral transmission",
"More common in tropical climate"
] | B | Wet mount preparation of CSF is examined under microscope for demonstration of motile amoeboid trophozoites with characteristics morphology.Staining of CSF with Wright or Giemsa stains may also be done (refer pgno:26 baveja 3 rd edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trachoma can cause all of the following except: March 2005 | [
"Loss of vision",
"Clouding of the cornea",
"Trichiasis",
"Enopthalmos"
] | D | Ans. D: Enopthalmos Complications of trachoma include: Inward-turning eyelashes (trichiasis) Cloudiness of the cornea (pannus) Drooping eyelids (ptosis) Ulceration of the cornea Progressive scarring of the cornea that can result in blindness. | train | med_mcqa | null |
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