question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Which among the following drugs produces a dose ceiling effect? | [
"Morphine",
"Alfentanyl",
"Remifentanyl",
"Buprenorphine"
] | D | Buprenorphine is a paial mu receptor agonist. Unlike other opiates buprenorphine has a dose ceiling effect to its respiratory depressant dose response curve. Due to this effect, after the ceiling dose is reached additional dose of the drug will not elicit more respiratory depression. Reference: Clinical Anaesthesia edi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following type of macular dystrophy is associated with the typical egg yoke lesion located in the central macula? | [
"Best disease",
"Stargardt Disease",
"Cone Rod Dystrophies",
"X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis"
] | A | Fundus examination in a patient with Best disease can show abnormalities ranging from mild pigmentary disturbance within the fovea to the typical vitelliform or egg yoke lesion located in the central macula. This egg yoke like lesion is typically round and well demarcated and contains homogeneous opaque yellow material... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Otitis and osteomyelitisis seen in : | [
"Hepatitis B vaccine",
"BCG",
"Measles vaccine",
"IPV"
] | B | The most serious complication of BCG vaccination is disseminated BCG infection.
The most frequent disseminated infection is BCG osteomyelitis (0.01-43 cases per million doses of vaccine administered) which usually occurs 4 months to 2 years after vaccination.
Fatal disseminated BCG infection has occurred at a rate of 0... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 75-year-old woman is taken to the physician because of worsening forgetfulness. She has trouble playing cards with her friends because she cannot remember what game is being played. She recently got lost during a walk in the neighborhood she has lived in for 35 years. Which substance is most likely to be increased in... | [
"alpha-1 antitrypsin",
"alpha-amylase",
"beta-amyloid peptide",
"beta-endorphin"
] | C | This woman has Alzheimer's disease. Increased amounts of beta-amyloid peptide is found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The peptide accumulates in amyloid plaques with diameters up to several hundred millimeters in widespread areas of the brain, including the cerebral coex, hippocampus, basal ganglia... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Musculocutaneous nerve supplies all of the following, EXCEPT? | [
"Brachialis",
"Brachioradialis",
"Biceps",
"Coracobrachialis"
] | B | The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the pectoralis major, its fibers being derived from C5, C6 and C7. In its course through the arm it innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the greater pa of the brachialis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 37-year-old woman presents to the emergency room after falling down some stairs at work. She reports no pre-monitory symptoms prior to the fall or any loss of consciousness. Recently she has noticed persistent symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, and unexpected weight gain. She has no past medical history and is not... | [
"computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen",
"fasting glucose",
"overnight dexamethasone suppression test",
"electromyogram (EMG) studies"
] | C | This patient has Cushing syndrome. The diagnosis is established by demonstrating increased cortisol secretion (24-hour urine cortisol collection) or by failure to suppress AM cortisol levels after overnight dexamethasone administration. Investigations for either adrenal tumor or pituitary adenoma (with CT or MR) are on... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most important mechanism of drug transport across cell membrane - | [
"Fltration",
"Active transport",
"Passive diffusion",
"Facilitated diffusion"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Passive diffusion o To be absorbed from the site of administration, drugs need to pass one or more cell membranes to reach their site of action.o Drugs are transported across the cell membrane by one of the following methods of transport1) Passive diffusion# It is the most important mechanism for abso... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Main blood supply of neck of femur? | [
"Lateral circumflex femoral",
"Medial circulflex femoral",
"Profunda femoris",
"Popliteal aery"
] | B | B i.e. Medial circulflex femoral proximal femur (head & neck) Mn "M is Main = M2" Femoral head & neckSupplied by Large, lateral paLateral epiphyseal aeries derived from retinacular branches ofmedial circumflex femoral aeryQ (Main blood supply)Smaller medial pa nearMedial epiphyseal aeries derived from posterior divisio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gold standard diagnostic test for babeiosis is: | [
"Peripheral blood smear examination",
"Blood Culture",
"PCR",
"ELISA"
] | A | Ans: a. Peripheral blood smear ...,Microscopic examination of stained blood smear is gold standard test for babesiosis"A specific diagnosis usually is established by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Babesia trophozoites appear round, pear-shaped, or ameboid.The ring form is most common and l... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a characteristic of tetracycline stains? | [
"There is less deposition in dentine as compared to enamel",
"Is always accompanied by hypoplastic defects",
"Stains are dark brown in color",
"Stained teeth fluoresce light yellow under U.V. light"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 56 year old patient presents after 3 days of cataract surgery with a history of increasing pain and diminution of vision after an initial improvement. The most likely cause would be: | [
"Endophthalmitis",
"After cataract",
"Central retinal vein occlusion",
"Retinal detachment"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. EndophthalmitisRef Khurana 2nd/e p 208Symptoms of the patient suggest - endophthalmitisClinical features of endophthalmitis -It is an early complication of cataract surgery, usually seen after 48-72 hours of surgeryIt is caused due to bacterial infectionThe sources of infection are usually contaminated... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Erythema Marginatum in Acute Rheumatic fever is: | [
"Pruiritic",
"Commonly involves face",
"Common manifestation of Acute Rheumatic fever",
"Usually associated with carditis"
] | D | Answer is D (usually associated with carditis) Erythema marginatum and sub cutaneous nodules are usually associated with carditis manifestation Erythema marginatum is a rare (< 3%) manifestation of Acute Rheumatic fever. Rash is charachteristically non pruiritic and almost never involves the face. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not TRUE about osteomyelitis? | [
"Epiphysis most commonly involved region",
"In sickle cell anemia salmonella is causative organism",
"Sequestrum is a piece of dead bone",
"Involvement is dense sclerotic bone overlying a sequestrum"
] | A | Acute osteomyelitis is almost invariably a disease of children. The causative organism is usually staphylococcus aureus ( 60-80% of cases), less often streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae. In children Patients with sickle cell disease are prone to infection by salmonella. Metaphysis is common site of ost... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mastoid antrum is present in which pa of temporal bone? | [
"Tympanic",
"Petrous",
"Squamous",
"Mostoid"
] | B | MastoidIt is an air sinus in the petrous temporal bone.Its upper anterior wall has the opening of aditus, while medial wall is related to posterior semicircular canal (SCC).Posteriorly lies the sigmoid sinus.The posterior belly of digastric muscle forms a groove in the base of mastoid bone.The corresponding ridge insid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of choice of the pregnant lady with appendicitis is: | [
"Surgery at earliest",
"Abortion with appendectomy",
"Surgery after delivery",
"Continue pregnancy with medical Rx"
] | A | Ans: A (Surgery at earliest) Acute Appendicitis During Pregnancy Dutta obstetrics 6th/ 304Incidence is about 1 in 2000 pregnancies.Diagnosis is difficult in pregnancy because of:1. Nausea and vomiting common in normal pregnancy are also the common symptoms of appendicitis2. Leucocytosis is common in normal pregnancy, (... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following structure is not related to cavernous sinus: | [
"Abducent nerve",
"Optic nerve",
"Ophthalmic nerve",
"Trochlear nerve"
] | B | Five structures in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
1. Oculomotor nerve
2. Trochlear nerve
3. Ophthalmic nerve
4. Maxillary nerve
5. Trigeminal ganglion
Note: Internal carotid artery wrapped in its venous and sympathetic plexus along with abducent nerve passes through the center of cavernous sinus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pasteurised milk is tested by: | [
"Phosphatase test",
"OTA test",
"Benzidine test",
"Paraffin test"
] | A | Ans: a (Phosphatase test) Ref; Park, 19 ed, p. 522Tests for pasteurised milk:Phosphatase testStandard plate countColiform countOTA test--for detection and estimation of free and combined chlorine in chlorinated water.Benzidine test--chemical test for the detection of blood stainParaffin test--detection of gun powder re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
LSD is known by the following names except | [
"Acid",
"Microdot",
"Love drug",
"Purple haze"
] | C | LSD - other names - Acid, microdot, purple haze, white lightening - Love drug - MDMA/ Ecstacy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Retinitis pigmentosa forms a constituent of all the following syndromes except: | [
"Lowe's syndrome",
"Refsum's syndrome",
"Usher's syndrome",
"Hallgren's syndrome"
] | A | Ans. Lowe's syndrome | train | med_mcqa | null |
During follow up of a case of acute otitis media, a 6 year old child found to have glue ear with no symptoms. Next step of management is: | [
"Wait and watch",
"Antibiotics",
"Coicosteroids",
"Antihistamines"
] | A | Close to 90% of episodes of otitis media with effusion (glue ear) resolve spontaneously after an acute otitis media episode is diagnosed. The American Academy of Pediatrics 2004 consensus guideline recommends watchful waiting without immediate use of antibiotics for children with uncomplicated otitis media with effusio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
This pathway is occurring in which cell of the body: | [
"RBCs",
"Liver",
"Muscles",
"Brain"
] | A | This is RL shunt i.e. Rapapo Leubering shunt/ cycle. This occurs only in RBCs, for the production of 2, 3 bisphosphoglycerate.(2,3 BPG) This compound is required in RBCs to release oxygen from HbA at tissue level. In RL shunt, substrate level phosphorylation(SLP) step by phosphoglycerate kinase enzyme does not occur. N... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of intra peritoneal abscess? | [
"Morrison's pouch",
"Omental bursa",
"Pelvic region",
"Left subhepatic pouch"
] | C | Pelvic abscess is the most common intraoeritoneal abscess(50-60%).Causes include- appendicitis,pelvic infections,sequelae of diffuse peritonitis,post operative and other abdominal causes.Organisms include Bacteroides fragilis,E.coli,anaerobic streptococci. Reference :SRB's manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:574. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulled elbow means | [
"Fracture of head of radius",
"Subluxation of head of radius",
"Fracture dislocation of elbow",
"Fracture ulna"
] | B | Pulled elbow occurs in children between 2-5 years of age. The head of radius is pulled paly out of annular ligament when child is lifted by the wrist. The child stas crying and is unable to move an affected limb. There might be swelling at the elbow.its not possible to see the subluxated head in x-ray as it is still ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Approximately how many enamel rods will be present in a maxillary molar? | [
"5 million",
"7 million",
"9 million",
"12 million"
] | D | The number of enamel rods ranges from 5 million in Lateral incisor and 12 million in upper 1st molar. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Osteoporosis in steroid taking patients can be explained by all except | [
"decreased absorbtion of calcium from gut",
"increased excretion of calcium by kidney",
"decreased synthesis of vitamin D",
"increased demineralisation from bone"
] | C | Ans c: (decreased .synthesis of vitamin D) Ref Goodwann& Gillmann chap 59Osteoporosis of glucocorticoid therapy is dose and duration dependent. Ribs and vertebrae are most common site of fracture.Mechanism:1. Inhibition of bone formation due to suppressive effect on osteoblast and stimulation of resorption due to effec... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cotard's syndrome has ? | [
"Persecutory delusions",
"Religious delusions",
"Nihilistic delusions",
"Hypochondrical delusions"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Nihilistic delusions Types of delsions Based on the contents of delusions, they are divided into :- Persecutory delusions (paranoid) : - The patient feels that he is being persecuted against. There is false belief that one is being harmed, threatened, cheated, poisoned, harassed or spied on or is a vi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subcoical dementia is seen in all Except: | [
"Parkinsonism",
"Alzheimers disease",
"Wilsons disease",
"Huntingtons chorea"
] | B | DEMENTIA SUBCOICAL COICAL 1 Characteristic Parkinson disease Huntington disease Wilson 's disease spinocerebellar degeneration coicobasal degeneration normal pressure hydrocephalus Alzheimer Vascular Frontotemporal Lewy Body Dementia 2 Pathology* Prominent changes in striatum , thalamus Prominent changes in coical asso... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Development of pellagra like skin lesion in carcinoid syndrome is due to: | [
"Inadequate conversion of Tryptophan to Niacin",
"Dietary Niacin deficiency",
"Serotonin induced skin rash mimicking pellagra",
"Paraneoplastic manifestation"
] | A | One of the main secretory products of carcinoid tumors involved in the carcinoid syndrome is serotonin which is synthesized from tryptophan. Up to 50% of dietary tryptophan can be used in this synthetic pathway by tumor cells, and this can result in inadequate supplies for conversion to niacin; hence, some patients (2.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following calcify except – | [
"Medulloblastoma",
"Sturge weber syndrome",
"Meningioma",
"Ependymoma"
] | A | Calcification is very rare in medulloblastoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Action potential In spinal motor neuron generates from - | [
"Cell body",
"Dendrites",
"Axon",
"Initial segment"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Initial segment Action potential In Sensory neuron generates from- Node of Ranvier In spinal motor neuron- Initial segment >Axon hillock o The neuron is the functional unit (the basic unit of nervous tissue). It is specialized for the function of reception, integration and transmission of information ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Basanti , 23 year old pregnant woman presents with features of dilated cardiomyopathy. Which of the following drugs you will NOT give to treat her - | [
"Digoxin",
"ACE inhibitors",
"Diuretics",
"Diuretics"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., ACE inhibitors o ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy because they have teratogenic effect on fetus. They cause. 1. Fetal growth retardation 2. Hypoplasia of organs 3. Fetal death o Most common presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy is congestive cardiac failure, so most of the patients wit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
DNA onchogenic viruses are all EXCEPT: | [
"HTLV",
"Adenovirus",
"EBV",
"HPV"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) HTLVREF: Robbins 7th ed p.324Oncogenic DNA VirusesVirusDiseaseCancerPapova viridae Papilloma virus (some)Warts, including STD genital wartsUterine (cervical) cancerHerpes viridaeLymphocryptovirus (Epstein-Barr virus)Infectious mononucleosisBurkitt's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Hodgkin's diseaseHepadna... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Early gastric carcinoma indicated by | [
"A lesion confined to the mucosa and sub mucosa",
"A lesion confined to sub mucosa and muscular wall",
"Cauliflower growth projecting in to the lumen",
"\"Linitis plastica\" appearance in stomach wall"
] | A | A. i.e. (A lesion confined to the mucosa and sub mucosa) (598 - Basic - pathology 8th) (570- Harsh mohan 5th) (598-Basic-pathology 8th) EARLY GASTRIC CARCINOMA - defined as a lesion confined to the mucosa and submucosa, regardless of the presence or absence of perigastric lymphnode metastasis ADVANCED GASTRIC CARCINOMA... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fluctuating recurring variable sensorineural deafness is seen in - | [
"Serous otitis media",
"Heamotympanum",
"Perilabyrinthine fistula",
"Labrinthine concussion"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Turner's hypoplasia most commonly affects: | [
"Deciduous maxillary anteriors",
"Deciduous mandibular anteriors",
"Permanent maxillary anteriors",
"Permanent mandibular anteriors"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Angio-fibromas are seen in? | [
"MEN 1",
"MEN 2",
"MEN 3",
"MEN 4"
] | A | - Cutaneous tumours are common in MEN1 and can be easily overlooked due to their subtle appearance. - The cutaneous tumours include: Angiofibromas Collagenoma Lipomas | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are features of hepatocellular carcinoma, except- | [
"Not common in Asian",
"Liver biopsy is diagnostic",
"Raised titre of HBV and HCV antibodies",
"Fibrolameller type is having good prognosis"
] | A | Ans. (a) Not common in Asian(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 871-873; 8th/pg 879-880; Teo EK, Fock KM. Hepatocellular carcinoma: an Asian perspective. Dig Dis. 2001; 19(4):263-8)Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies in Asia.The incidence exceeds 30 cases/100,000/year in the east Asian region... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Posterior styphayloma is a feature of ? | [
"Congenital myopia",
"Simple myopia",
"Pathological myopia",
"Hypermetropia"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pathological myopia Staphyloma Staphyloma is an abnormal protrusion of uveal tissue through a weak and thin poion of cornea or sclera. So, a staphyloma is lined internally by uveal tissue and externally by weak cornea or sclera. Staphyloma is divided anatomically into : ? 1) Anterior staphyloma : - Pr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Section defining the rape - | [
"304B IPC",
"302 IPC",
"375 IPC",
"376 IPC"
] | C | Ref: Synopsis of Forensic medicine and Toxicology 28th edition (Dr.K.S.Narayana Reddy) Pg 200 As per Sec.375IPC, rape is defined as un lawful sexual inter course by a man with a woman, Against her will Without her consent With her consent, when her consent is obtained by force, fear, fraud. With or without consent when... | train | med_mcqa | null |
For which one of the following tumors, Gastrin is a biochemical marker - | [
"Medullary carcinoma of thyroid",
"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor",
"Pheochromocytoma",
"Gastrointestinal stromal tumor"
] | B | Gastrin is secreted by Gastrinomas.
Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors found in
Duodenum (50 to 70%)
Pancreas (20 to 40%) and
Other intraabdominal sites (mesentry, lymph nodes, biliary tract, liver; stomach, ovary). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Actin's active site is covered by | [
"Myosin",
"Tropomyosin",
"Troponin",
"Desmin"
] | B | The active site of actin in skeletal muscles is where myosin binds. This is covered by Tropomyosin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pipe stem appearance in barium enema is seen | [
"Crohns disease",
"Ulcerative colitis",
"Schistosomiasis",
"Carcinoma colon"
] | B | In UC, Transverse colon and left colon may show pipestem appearance on barium enema. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a Rave drug? | [
"Cocaine",
"Methamphetamine",
"Heroin",
"Cannabis"
] | B | Rave drugs are used for recreational purpose in parties.
Methamphetamine, LSD and Ketamine are the important Rave drugs. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice in lithium induced polyuria is? | [
"Amiloride",
"Demeclocycline",
"Thiazide diuretics",
"Indomethacin"
] | A | Amiloride REF: Goodman & Gillman's 11th edition page 494, 505 "Lithium-induced polyuria is usually reversible. Amiloride is useful for lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus because it blocks Li+ transpo into the cells of the collecting tubules" "Paradoxically, thiazide diuretics reduce the polyuria of patients... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about estrogen, EXCEPT: | [
"Causes cholestasis",
"Used in treatment of gynacomastia",
"Used in H",
"Increased risk of breast cancer"
] | B | They promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development. So it is not used in treatment of gynaecomastia. Estrogen and other hormones are given to postmenopausal women as a pa of hormone replacement therapy (H) in order to prevent osteoporosis as well as treat the symptoms of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phenytoin therapy may lead to which of the following: | [
"Microcytic anemia",
"Thrombosis",
"Hypercalcemia",
"Folic acid deficiency"
] | D | Ans. (d) Folic acid deficiencyRef. KDT 6th ed. 404-405* Phenytoin is a major epileptic drug which is effective for treatment of partial seizures and generalized tonic- clonic seizures and in the treatment of status epilepticus.* MOA: Phenytoin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels by selectively binding to the channel i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
For Karyotype analysis of stillborns, recommended tissue sample is all except | [
"Umbilical cord segment about 1.5 cm long",
"Fetal patella",
"Placental block taken below cord insertion",
"Fetal skin"
] | D | Skin of Fetus is not recommended as tissue sample for karyotyping. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common patellar bursitis is? | [
"Prepatellar bursitis",
"Supra patellar bursitis",
"Infra patellar bursitis",
"Pes Anserine bursitis"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) Prepatellar bursitisREF: Keith L Moore 4th ed page 394, Review of Orthopaedics 6th ed by Mark D. Miller, Stephen R. Thompson, Jennifer Hart page 308The two most common sites in the body are the olecranon and prepatellar bursae."There are 13 bursas around the knee. The prepatellar bursa is located between th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Renal trauma is best treated by - | [
"Observation and suppoive measures",
"Early drainage of perirenal haematoma",
"Heminephrectomy",
"Nephrostomy"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Observation and suppoive measures | train | med_mcqa | null |
In an old patient, the best indicator of probability of developing cardiovascular disease can be calculated by | [
"LDL/HDLratio",
"Triglycerides",
"Total cholesterol",
"Serum LDL"
] | A | Good cholesterol ratio vs. bad cholesterol ratio High-density lipoprotein, or HDL, is considered "good" cholesterol. It makes up 20-30 percent of a person's total cholesterol level. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is considered "bad" cholesterol and makes up 60-70 percent of the total in the body. A high HDL cholester... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A girl feels very depressed as her father died one month back. She feels moody and won't join with others and she thinks about joining her father. The most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Post traumatic stress disorder",
"Grief",
"Depression",
"Bipolar disorder"
] | B | Feeling depressed, mood changes and longing after death of a loved one are all suggestive of grief. Normal grief - up to 6 months Complicated grief -Prolonged grief with intense emotions | train | med_mcqa | null |
All except one are formulas used to calculate fluid replacement in burns patient | [
"Brooke formula",
"Evan's formula",
"Parkland regime",
"Holiday segar formula"
] | D | Holiday segar formula is not used to calculate fluid replacement in burns patient. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anaplasia characterized by | [
"Irregular shape and size of cells",
"Complete loss of Differentiation",
"Nuclear hyperchromatism",
"Changing one type of epithelium to another"
] | B | (B) Complete loss of Differentiation[?]When a tumor cell loses its differentiation it gradually gains features of Dysplasia.oDysplacia is a process of gradual loss of differentiation.oIt is an abnormal growth which may precede malignancy.oComplete loss of differentiation = Anaplasia[?]Anaplasia:oIt implies dedifferenti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hungry diarrhoea is seen in- | [
"Marasmos",
"Kwashiorkor",
"Obesity",
"Dehydration"
] | A | (Ref: Davidson, Ed. 18th, Pg-516) KWASHIORKAR MARASMUS * There is sufficient calorie intake but protein deficiency. * Overal lack of calories due to starvation. * Common in children between 6 months and 3 years of * Common in infants under 1 year of age. * Wasting of muscles but preserved adipose tissues. * Wasting of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The constituents of Inferior cerebellar peduncle includes all except | [
"Anterior spino cerebellar",
"Cuneo cerebellar",
"Olivocerebellar",
"Parolivocerebellar"
] | A | The inferior cerebellar peduncle consists of the following -posterior spinocerebellar fibres, olivocerebellar, parolivocerebellar fibres, cuneocerebellar (posterior external arcuate fibres), anterior external arcuate fibres, vestibulocerebellar, and reticulocerbellar fibres.Reference: Textbook of clinical neuroanatomy,... | train | med_mcqa | null |
O2 dissociation curve shift to right in all except | [
"Diabetic ketoacidosis",
"Blood transfusion",
"High altitude",
"Anaemia"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
At low dose, linear increase in plasma drug concentration and at higher dose, steep increase in drug concentration is what type of kinetics? | [
"First order",
"Saturation kinetics",
"Pseudo zero order",
"None of the above"
] | C | (Refer: KD Tripathi's Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7th edition, pg no:383) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following are features of ischemia in Anterior choroidal aery territory except | [
"Hemiparesis",
"Hemisensory loss",
"Homonymous hemianopia",
"Predominant involvement of the anterior limb of internal capsule"
] | D | *Lesions of posterior 1/3 of the posterior limb and sublentiform and retrolentiform pas of the internal capsule lead to visual (hemianopia) and auditory (loss of hearing) defects. these lesions usually occur due to thrombosis of the anterior choroidal aery,a branch of internal carotid aery Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Curling's ulcer is seen if burns area is more than | [
"35%",
"45%",
"55%",
"65%"
] | A | Curling's ulcer is seen if burns > 35%. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which pa of Henle loop is tubular fluid hypotonic with plasma/GFR? | [
"Thin descending limb",
"Thin ascending segment/limb.",
"Thick ascending segment/limb.",
"Thick descending segment/limb."
] | C | Thick ascending segment/limb.REABSORPTION IN THICK ASCENDING LIMB:Water reabsorption:Totally impermeable to water.Ascending segment also referred "Diluting" segment:Due to sodium & solute absorption without water.Resulting in tubular fluid dilution.Hence, Tubular fluid is hypotonic.Sodium, Potassium & Chloride reabsorp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about peripheral chemoreceptors - | [
"Most potent stimulus is high arterial PCO2",
"Stimulation cause tachycardia and vasoconstriction",
"Afferent from carotid bodies pass through vagus nerve",
"Alkalosis stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors"
] | B | The peripheral chemoreceptors which regulate respiration are located in the carotid body and aortic bodies. These bodies are located in the connective tissue associated with the vessel wall, at the bifurcation of the common carotid, and on the arch of aorta, respectively. The characteristic cells of both these structur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Littoral cell angioma is: | [
"Tumor of spleen",
"Angiomatous lesion of skin",
"Angioblastic tumor of Cerebellum",
"Congenital vascular anomaly at base of brain"
] | A | Littoral cell angioma
• Is a benign, vascular tumor of spleen presenting as spleenomegaly
• It may be associated with other malignancies and has malignant potential itself
• The tumor arises from the littoral cells in the splenic red pulp sinuses. Littoral cell angioma affects both men and
Women equally with no specifi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a Alpha emitter? | [
"Plutonium-236",
"Carbon-11",
"Oxygen-15",
"Samarium -153"
] | A | Alpha (a) radiation: Consists of heavy, positively charged paicles, each of which contains two protons and two neutrons. Alpha Emitters : Americium-241 Plutonium-236 Uranium-238 Thorium-232 Radium-226 Radon-222 Polonium-210 84 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about chordoma except | [
"Endothelial origin",
"More common in males",
"Occurs in sacrococcygeal region",
"Expansile lytic lesion"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infection within the right cavernous sinus results in the following signs except: | [
"Constricted pupils in response to light",
"Engorgement of retinal veins",
"Ptosis of right eyelid",
"Right ophthalmoplegia"
] | A | (a) Constricted pupils in response to light (Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 174)In cavernous sinus thrombosis pupils are dilated and fixed due to the involvement of 3rd nerve and stimulation of sympathetic plexus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most sensitive test for carpal tunnel syndrome- | [
"Phalen's test",
"Tinei's sign",
"Tourniquet test",
"None"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Phalen's testClinical tests for carpal tunnel syndromeo There are some provocative tests which act as important screening methods : -Wrist flexion (Phalen's test) : - The patient is asked to actively place the wrist in complete flexion. If tingling and numbness develop in the distribution of median ne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eradication of H. pylori has been proved to be beneficial in the following condition except- | [
"Duodenal ulcer",
"Gastric ulcer",
"Low grade MALT lymphoma",
"Hypertrophic gastritis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chronic urethral obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia can lead to the following change in kidney parenchyma: | [
"Hyperplasia",
"Hyperophy",
"Atrophy",
"Dysplasia"
] | C | Chronic urethral obstruction because of urinary calculi, prostatic hyperophy, tumors, normal pregnancy, uterine prolapse or functional disorders cause hydronephrosis which by definition is used to describe dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstruction to the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presents with quadriparesis. CSF shows protein 1 g%, sugar 40 mg% and no cells. He should be treated with : | [
"Antisnake venum",
"5% dextrose",
"Intravenous immunoglobulin",
"I.V. Potassium chloride"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Systemic infection is caused by all fungi except ? | [
"Cryptococcus",
"Histoplasma",
"Dermatophytes",
"Paracoccidioides"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dermatophytes SYSTEMIC MYCOSES Deep seated fungal infections caused by fungi that are soil saprophytes. Infection is accidental. Inhalation of air borne spores produced by moulds Dimorphic fungi are causative agents. Ex: - Blastomyces dermatitidis - Paracoccidioides brasiliensis - Coccidioides immitis... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a content of bicipital groove? | [
"Synol membrane of shoulder joint",
"Ascending branch of anterior circumflex aery",
"Ascending branch of posterior circumflex aery",
"Radial aery"
] | B | Bicipital groove of inteubercular sulcus of humerus: The groove lies between greater and lesser tuberosities of humerus. Bilaminar tendon of the pectoralis major is inseed into the lateral lip of the groove. Teres major is inseed into the medial lip of the groove. Tendon of the latissimus dorsi is inseed into the floor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Three hosts in life cycle are required in- | [
"Taenia solium",
"Entamoeba histolytica",
"Trichuris trichiura",
"Diphyllobothrium latum"
] | D | Ans. D. Diphyllobothrium latuma. In D. latum-There are three hosts-one definitive and two intermediateb. Definitive host: man, dog, cat, pigc. First intermediate host: cyclopsd. Second intermediate host: fresh water fishe. Entamoeba histolytica and Trichuris trichiura need only one host (man) in the life cycle.f. Taeni... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most potent stimulus for secretin is - | [
"Dilatation of intestine",
"Acid chime",
"Protein",
"Fat"
] | B | B i.e. Acid chyme | train | med_mcqa | null |
The povey line limit for rural areas is the purchasing capacity for a daily intake of 2400 calories per person. Which one of the following calorie limis is for urban areas? | [
"1900",
"2100",
"2400",
"2800"
] | B | Below povey line criteria BPL Criteria Rural areas Urban areas Per capita caloric intake <2400 Kcal/day <2100 kcal/day Per capita income (TC) <27/- INR/day <33/- INR/day Per capita income (RC) <32/- INR/day <47/- INR/day Per capita income (WHO) <1.90 US $ per day <1.90 US $ per day (TC: Tendulkar Committee 2011-12; RC:... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal level of PSA in males is: | [
"< 4ng/dl",
"4-10 ng/ml",
">10 ng/ml",
"<4 ng/ml"
] | D | PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) -- Causes liquefaction of seminal coagulum. Normal value <4ng/ ml (In > 50 years); Value > 20ng/ml diagnostic of CA prostate. PSA is the single test with highest positive reactive value for CA prostate. PSA is prostate specific, not the cancer specific. Level of PSA Is directly related t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mechanism of action of topically applied sodium fluoride includes all of the following EXCEPT- | [
"When sodium fluoride solution is applied on the tooth surface as a topical agent, it reacts with the hydroxy apatite crystals in enamel to form calcium fluoride which is the main end product of the reaction.",
"As a thick layer of calcium fluoride gets formed, it interferes with the further diffusion of fluorid... | D | Mechanism of action of sodium fluoride –
When sodium fluoride solution is applied on the tooth surface as a topical agent, it reacts with the hydroxy apatite crystals in enamel to form calcium fluoride which is the main end product of the reaction. As a thick layer of calcium fluoride gets formed, it interferes with t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Froment's sign is a feature of: | [
"Radial nerve palsy",
"Ulnar nerve palsy",
"Median nerve palsy",
"Tibial nerve palsy"
] | B | Ans. (b) Ulnar nerve palsyMaheshwari 5th ed. / 64Tests for ulnar nerve* Card testPalmar interossei are Adductors (PAD) tested by asking the patient to hold a card between the extended fingers and assess resistance against pulling* EgawatestDorsal interossei are Abductors (DAB) supplied by the ulnar nerve. It is tested ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a snake envenomation, antivenom is staed by giving a dose of ? | [
"2 ls",
"4 ls",
"10 ls",
"20 ls"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 10 ls Polyvalent antisnake venom is useful when given within four hours of snake bite. It is of less value if delayed for eight hours and is of doubtful value after 24 hours. Each l of polyvalent antisnake venom neutralize about 6-8 mg of venom. Initial dose depends upon symptoms : Minimal (local swel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Acute Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis is: | [
"Meningitis caused by acanthamoeba species is acute in nature",
"Diagnosis is by demonstration of trophozoite in CSF",
"Caused by feco-oral transmission",
"More common in tropical climate"
] | B | Examination of the CSF for trophozoites may be diagnostically helpful, but lumbar puncture may be contraindicated because of increased intracerebral pressure. CT frequently reveals cortical and subcortical lesions of decreased density consistent with embolic infarcts. In other patients, multiple enhancing lesions with ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fever with all of the following characters are considered danger signs of acute encephalitis syndrome, EXCEPT: | [
"Lethargy",
"Convulsion",
"Hepatosplenomegaly",
"Pain abdomen"
] | D | Fever with any one of the following is considered danger sign for acute encephalitis syndrome and warrants urgent referral to nearest first referral unit: Lethargy Convulsions Unconsciousness Paralysis, rash, hepatosplenomegaly Ref: Park's textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 21st edition, page-263 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Buerger disease affects which layers of artery? | [
"Tunica media",
"Tunica adventitia",
"Tunica intima",
"All of above"
] | D | Ans. (d) All of aboveRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. / 899-900* Acute-phase lesions have inflammation involving all coats of the vessel wall, especially of the veins, in association with occlusive thrombosis.* Intermediate phase is characterized by progressive organization of the occlusive thrombus in the arteries and vein... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infertility issues with leiomyoma can be addressed by | [
"Combined oral contraceptive pills",
"DMPA",
"GnRH agonist",
"Ulipristal"
] | C | GnRH agonist treatment is approved for treating infertility associated with fibroid uterus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the first treatment for an anesthetized patient experiencing bronchospasm | [
"Administer inhalational beta-2 agonists",
"Administer intravenous epinephrine",
"Administer additional anesthetic",
"Administer neuromuscular blocking agent"
] | C | Administer additional anesthetic(s) to deepen the level of anesthesia, is the first treatment for bronchospasm because it is quick to administer. Inhalational beta-2 agonists, volatile anesthetics, and intravenous drugs with beta-adrenergic activity (epinephrine) can all attenuate bronchospasm. Neuromuscular blocking a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treponema pallidum was discovered by - | [
"Robert Koch",
"Twort",
"Schaudinn and Hoffman",
"E Herman"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Schaudinn and Hoffman BacteriaDiscovered byLepra bacillus (M. Leprae)Hansen (1874)GonococcusNeisser(1879)StaphylococcusOgston(1881)Diphtheria bacillus (C. Diphtheria)Loeffler(1884)Tetanus bacillus (C. Tetani)Nicolaier(1884)PneumococcusFraenkel (1886)Causative organism for Malta fever (Brucella)Bruce(1... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The axial length of the eyeball at bih is ---% of adult eye | [
"100",
"90",
"70",
"40"
] | C | The axial length of the eyeball at bih 70% of an adult eye. Anteroposterior diameter is 24 mm in adult & Anteroposterior diameter of the eyeball is about 16.5 mm at bih (70% of the adult size which is attained by 7-8 years). Reference : A K KHURANA OPHTHALMOLOGY, Edition4, Page-11 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following stains is used to study fungal morphology in tissue sections | [
"PAS",
"Von- kossa",
"Alizarin Red",
"Masson's Trichrome"
] | A | A i.e PAS The periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain is a valuable method for the demonstration of fungal elements in tissues. Von Kossa stain and Alizarin Red are used to identify calcium, while Masson's Trichrome is used to identify collagen, muscle and fibrin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an Oxidative type of drug metabolism? | [
"Deamination",
"N-oxidation",
"N-dealkylation",
"Glucuronidation"
] | D | Oxidation; This reaction involves the addition of oxygen/negatively charged radical or removal of hydrogen/positively charged radical. oxidations-phase 1 metabolizing reactions Various oxidation reactions are hydroxylation; oxidation at C, N or S atoms; N or O-dealkylation, oxidative deamination, etc. Glucuronide conju... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Five-year survival rates in excess of 20% may be expected following resection of pulmonary metastases if | [
"Other organ metastases are present",
"Lung lesions are solitary",
"Local tumor recurrence is found",
"The tumor doubling time is less than 20 days"
] | B | Resection of metastases of lung, liver, and brain can result in occasional 5-year cures. In general, surgery should be undertaken only when the primary tumor is controlled, diffuse metastatic disease has been ruled out, and the affected patient's condition and the location of the metastasis permit safe resection. Five-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35-year-old lady complains of dysphagia, Raynaud's phenomenon and her hands show the following appearance. Investigations show positive ANA. The likely diagnosis is <img src=" /> | [
"Systemic lupus erythematosus",
"Systemic sclerosis",
"Mixed connective tissue disorder",
"Rheumatoid ahritis"
] | B | Systemic sclerosisChronic disease characterized by:c/c inflammation, d/t autoimmunityWidespread damage to small blood vesselsProgressive interstitial & perivascular fibrosis in skin & multiple organs | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diagnosis of polio - | [
"Detection of polio virus in stool",
"Serology",
"Limb wasting",
"AFP"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Detection of polio virus in stool Lab diagnosis of polioo Virus isolation in tissue culture is the best method for specific diagnosis.o Specimens - Blood, CSF, Throat swab, Feceso Primary monkey kidney cultures are used,o Serodiagnosis is less often employed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blount's disease is associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: | [
"Genu varum",
"Genu Recurvatum",
"Internal Tibial Torsion",
"External Tibial Torsion"
] | D | Blount's disease is characterized by varus and internal tibial torsion and genu recurvatum, with varus of the proximal tibia being the primary deformity. It is not associated with external tibial torsion. Ref: Operative techniques in pediatric ohopedics, by John M.Flynn, Sam W.Wiesel, Page 205, 206. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Macrophages are seen in - | [
"Late inflammation",
"Early inflammation",
"Wound repair",
"Healing"
] | A | Neutrophils predominate in the early phase of inflammation (the phase occurring within 24 hrs) whereas macrophages enter the area in the late phase of inflammation ie. after 24-48 hrs. Neutrophils remain predominant cells for up to 72 hrs, after which the macrophages take over as a predominant cell.
Lymphocytes and pla... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common lesion in diabetic nephropathy | [
"fibrin caps",
"Capsular drops",
"Diffuse glomerulosclerosis",
"Kimmelstiel Wilson nodule"
] | C | m/c - Diffuse glomerulosclerosis
Pathognomonic - Kimmelstiel Wilson nodule | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulmonary capillary pressure is: | [
"5 mm Hg",
"10 mm Hg",
"20 mm Hg",
"32 mm Hg"
] | B | The average pulmonary capillary pressure is 10 mm Hg. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (which reflects LA pressure) is 5 mm Hg. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscle relaxant safe in renal failure patient is:- | [
"Pancuronium",
"Piperacuronium",
"Tubocurarine",
"Atracurium"
] | D | Atracurium and cis-atracurium undergo Hoffmann's elimination (spontaneous non-enzymatic molecular rearrangement) and are the agents of choice for patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency. Atracurium is metabolized to laudanosine that is responsible for seizures. Cis-atracurium is relatively safe in this regard. Cis... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lymphatics from the spongy urethra drain into which of the following lymph nodes: | [
"Sacral nodes",
"Deep inguinal nodes",
"Internal inguinal nodes",
"Superficial inguinal nodes"
] | B | Lymphatics from glans penis, prostatic urethra, spongy urethra and superficial inguinal nodes drains into deep inguinal lymph nodes. Ref: Grant's Atlas of Anatomy By A M R Agur, 13th Edition, Page 233 | train | med_mcqa | null |
TRISS incluses all of the following except - | [
"Injury severity score",
"Revised Trauma Score",
"Age",
"Urine Output"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Urine Output o TRISS (Trauma and injury severity score) determines the probability of survival of a trauma patient using following variables:a. ISS (injury severity score)b. RTS (Revised trauma score)c. Age(some books also include Mechanism of injury- blunt or penetrating)"Unfortunately, TRISS remains... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Myelin forming cells in pns | [
"Oligodendrocytes",
"Schwann cells",
"Both",
"None"
] | B | Schwann cells are the myelin forming cells in pns Single cell myrlinates single neuron Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:72,73 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chocolate Brown postmoem staining is seen in ? | [
"KCl poisoning",
"Opium poisoning",
"H2S poisoning",
"Cyanide poisoning"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., KCl Poisoning | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the least vascular pa of uterus : | [
"Lateral",
"Middle",
"Upper",
"Lower"
] | B | Middle | train | med_mcqa | null |
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