question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Avascular necrosis is the most common in one of the following fracture | [
"Garden 3 and 4 fracture of femoral neck",
"Garden 1 and 2 fracture of femoral neck",
"Sub-trochanteric fracture of femoral neck",
"Baso-trochanteric fracture"
] | A | The Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures is the most widely used. It is simple and.
Garden stage III: complete fracture, incompletely displaced. femoral
Garden stage IV: complete fracture, completely displaced. femoral | train | med_mcqa | null |
GLUT 5 receptors present in | [
"Brain",
"Placenta",
"Small Intestine",
"Skeletal muscle"
] | C | Major Glucose TranspoersTissue LocationFunctionsGLUT 1Brain, kidney, colon, placenta, erythrocytesGlucose uptakeGLUT 2Liver, pancreatic b cell, small intestine, kidneyRapid uptake or release of glucoseGLUT 3Brain, kidney, placentaGlucose uptakeGLUT 4Hea and skeletal muscle, adipose tissueInsulin-stimulated glucose upta... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are associated with Tracheoesophageal fistula except | [
"VATER association",
"Oligohydramnios",
"Excessive salivation",
"Aspiration pneumonia"
] | B | VATER/VACTER association is the result of a defective mesodermal development during embryogenesis before the 35th day of gestation. The typical findings are veebral segmentation defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, cardiac defects, esophageal atresia, single umbilical aery, and radial and renal defectsName... | train | med_mcqa | null |
On exertion urine stream increases in - | [
"Prostate enlargement",
"Marion's disease",
"Post. urethral valves",
"Urethral stricture"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enzyme deficiency in Alkaptonuria is | [
"Tyrosine hydroxylase",
"Homogentisate acid oxidase",
"Phenyl alanine hydroxylase",
"Cystathione synthase"
] | B | B. i.e. (Homogentisate oxidase) (259 - Harper 27th)ALKAPTONURIA = lack of enzyme homogentisate oxidase enzyme most striking clinical manifestation - occurrence of dark urine black on standing in air*** Classical type Galactosemia - Galactose-1 p- uridyl transferase enzyme* Classical phenylketonuria - Phenyl alanine hyd... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Initial treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in a young female is : | [
"Oral pills",
"Danazol",
"Hysterectomy",
"Androgens"
] | A | Oral pills | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trident hand is seen in – | [
"Achondroplasia",
"Mucopolysaccharidosis",
"Diphyseal achlasia",
"Cleidocranial dystosis"
] | A | Trident hand is seen in achondroplasia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Incidence is: | [
"That portion of population affected by a disease or other condition at a given time",
"Incidence is greater than prevalence",
"No. of new cases of a specific disease within a defined population over a period of time",
"None of the above"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Earliest manifestation of diabetic retinopathy is | [
"Soft exudates/Cotton wool spot",
"Dot haemorrhage",
"Hard exudates",
"Microaneurysm"
] | D | D i.e. Microaneurysm Microaneurysms are located in the inner nuclear layer and are the earliest and most characteristic ocular lesion Q of diabetic retinopathy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The principle cell in granuloma | [
"Fibroblast",
"Epithelioid cell",
"Giant cell",
"Plasma cell"
] | B | Ans. (b) Epithelioid cell(Ref: Anderson 10th ed pg 583)Macrophages (also known as histiocytes) are the cells that define a granulomaThe macrophages in granulomas are often referred to as "epithelioid"Epithelioid macrophages differ from ordinary macrophages in that they have elongated nuclei that often resemble the sole... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year-old construction worker suffers a penetrating wound of the left leg, which is cleaned and sutured. Three days later, the patient presents with sudden onset of severe pain at the site of injury. Physical examination shows darkening of the surrounding skin, hemorrhage, and cutaneous necrosis. The wound shows a ... | [
"Clostridium botulinum",
"Clostridium perfringens",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Staphylococcus epidermidis"
] | B | Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis) is a necrotizing, gas-forming infection that begins in contaminated wounds and spreads rapidly to adjacent tissues. The disease can be fatal within hours of onset. Gas gangrene follows the deposition of C. perfringens into tissues under anaerobic conditions. Such conditions occur ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Global eradication of smallpox was done on: | [
"26th Oct 1977",
"8th May 1980",
"17th March 1980",
"17th April 1977"
] | B | Ans. (b) 8th May 1980* Last indigenous case of Smallpox in India: 77th May 1975* Last case of Smallpox in India: 24th May 1975* India declared Smallpox-free: 23 April 1977* Last case of Smallpox globally: 26th October 1977 (Somalia)* Actual last case of smallpox : 1978* Global eradication of Smallpox: 8th May 1980 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intractable diarrhoea in children is caused by all except- | [
"Cystic fibrosis",
"Giardiasis",
"Secreting tumors",
"Milk allergy"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Giardiasis Intractable diarrhea o Intractable diarrhea is defined as, chronic or recurring diarrhea not obviously or early diagnosed as to etiology. o Chronic diarrhea is defined as diarrhea lasting > 4 weeks. Intractable diarrhea is caused by ? o Cystic fibrosis o Congenital enterokinase & Trypsinoge... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In malignant hypertension, hallmark is -a) Fibrinoid necrosisb) Hyperplastic arteriolesc) Hyalinizationd) All of the above | [
"ac",
"ab",
"ad",
"bc"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
An AIDS patient complains of headaches and disorientation. A clinical diagnosis of Toxoplasma encephalitis is made and Toxoplasma cysts were observed in a brain section. Which one of the following antibody results would be most likely in this patient? | [
"IgM nonreactive, IgG nonreactive",
"IgM nonreactive, IgG reactive (low titre)",
"IgM reactive (low titer), IgG reactive (high titer)",
"IgM reactive (high titer), IgG reactive (high titer)"
] | B | (B) IgM nonreactive, IgG reactive (low titre) # One of the leading causes of death among AIDS patients is central nervous system Toxoplasmosis.> Toxoplasma infection is a result of reactivation of old or preexisting toxoplasmosis.> Occasionally; the infection may be acquired by needle sharing.> Because the disease is a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the mechanism of an acoustic shadow seen on USG? | [
"Refraction",
"Reflection",
"Aifacts",
"Obstruction"
] | B | An acoustic shadow is an echo free area located behind an insonated structure. It is caused by total reflection of the ultra sound waves causing a shadow behind it. Reference: The Practice of Ultrasound: A Step-by-Step Guide to Abdominal Scanning By Behold Block page 49. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the most impoant sign of significance of renal aery stenosis on an angiogram? | [
"Presence of collaterals",
"A percentage diameter stenosis > 70%",
"Post-stenotic dilatation of the renal aery",
"A systolic pressure gradient > 20 mm Hg across the lesion"
] | A | The most impoant sign of significant renal aery stenosis on an angiogram is presence of bridging collaterals. Other signs of hemodynamically significant aerial stenosis are post stenotic dilation, pressure gradient >10mmHg or ipsilateral renal vein renin hypersecretion. Ref: Essentials of Surgery: Scientific Principles... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following indicates activity of anst uveitis - | [
"Cells in anterior chamber",
"Circumcorneal congestion",
"Keratic precipitate",
"Corneal edema"
] | A | Activity of acute anterior uveitis is indicated by presence of cells (aquous cells) and flare in anterior chamber -Grading is done on these two. Ref: Khurana 7th/e p.158 & 4th/e p.143. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bronchoalveloar lavage is beneficial in the evaluation of: | [
"Squamous cell cancer lung",
"Bronchiectasis",
"Bronchopleural fistula",
"Pulmonary alveolar Proteinosis"
] | D | Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis can be diagnosed by Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy and BAL may be helpful. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid appears "milky". Papanicolaou staining may reveal green and orange globules that are diagnostic for PAP. Electron microscopy of BAL may reveal characteristic multi-lamellar str... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for a child with first episode nephrotic syndrome is? | [
"Cyclophosphamide",
"Prednisolone",
"Mycophenolate",
"Cyclosporine"
] | B | Drug of choice for a child with first episode nephrotic syndrome is oral prednisolone. Drug of choice for steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome is Levamisole, Steroid resistant Nephrotic syndrome are calcineurin inhibitors like Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug causing visual disturbance - | [
"Pyrazinamide",
"Rifampin",
"Ethambutol",
"PAS"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ethambutol Adverse effect of Ethambutolo Ethambutol is relatively non toxic.o The main adverse effect of Ethambutol is retrobulbar optic neuritis (^unilateral or B/L/o This causes:-# Loss of visual activityRed-green colour blindness# Central scotomaPeripheral vision loss.o The changes reverse, if the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ahropod vector involved in causing Scrub typhus is | [
"Ticks",
"Human louse",
"Fleas",
"Mites"
] | D | Ref: Ananthanarayana textbook of Microbiology 9th edition Pgno : 405-406 Infections Caused by Rickettsiae and Close Relatives Group Disease Bacterium Ahropod Vector Reservoir Host Rocky MountainSpotted Fever R. rickettsii Ticks Ticks, dogs, rodents Epidemic Typhus R. prowazekii Human louse Humans Endemic Typhus R. typh... | train | med_mcqa | null |
G protein coupled receptor ? | [
"NMDA receptor",
"Steroid",
"M2",
"Insulin receptors"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., M2M2 muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors and act through cAMP. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Side-effect (s) of sodium nitroprusside: | [
"Lactic acidosis",
"Psychosis",
"Headache",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. d (All of the above) (Ref. KDT Pharmacology, 6th/pg.554)NITROPRUSSIDE Toxicity:# Thiocyanate toxicity is manifested as weakness, disorientation, psychosis, muscle spasms, and convulsions, and the diagnosis is confirmed by finding serum cone >10 mg/dL. Both sodium thiosulfate and hydroxocobalamin have been advocate... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hematoxylin bodies seen in: | [
"SLE",
"PAN",
"DIC",
"Wegeners granulomatosis"
] | A | In SLE, nuclei of damaged cells in various tissues react with antinuclear antibodies, lose their chromatin pattern, and become homogeneous, to produce so called lupus erythematosus (LE) bodies or hematoxylin bodies. Demonstration of LE cells in vitro was used as a test of SLE. Ref: Hahn B.H. (2012). Chapter 319. System... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Branchial cyst is | [
"Cysts are more common than sinuses",
"Mostly arises from 2nd branchial system",
"Causes dyphagia and hoarseness",
"Sinus should always be operated"
] | B | A branchial cyst probably develops from the vestigial remnants of the second branchial cleft, is usually lined by squamous epithelium, and contains thick, turbid fluid full of cholesterol crystals. The cyst usually presents in the upper neck in early or middle adulthood and is found at the junction of the upper third a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acute Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis true is ? | [
"Meningitis caused by acanthamoeba species is acute in nature",
"Diagnosis is by demonstration of trophozite in CSF",
"Caused by feco oral transmission",
"More common in tropical climate"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Diagnosis is by demonstration of trophozoite in CSF Amoebic meningoencephalitisAmoebic meningoencephalitis is caused by free living amoebasThe free living amoebas which have been implicated are:Naegleria fowleriAcanthamoeba CastellaniHartmannellaThe important point to note here is that: Naegleria fowle... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best index for measuring contraceptive efficacy is - | [
"Pearl index",
"Life-table analysis",
"Chandler's index",
"Quetlet index"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Life-table analysis o For contraceptive efficacy two method are used (i) Pearl index ii) Life table analysis (Better measure than Pearl index) | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following are the indications for performing thoracotomy after blunt injury of the chest, except: | [
"100 ml drainage after placing an intercoastal tube",
"Continous bleeding through intercostal tube of more than 200 ml/hour for three or more hours",
"Cardiac tamponade",
"Rib Fracture"
] | D | Indications of thoracotomy: Initial tube thoracostomy drainage of >1000ml (Penetrating injury) or >1500 ml (blunt injury) Ongoing tube thoracostomy drainage of >200 ml/hr for 3 consecutive hours in non-caogulopathic patients Caked hemothorax despite of placement of two chest tubes Tracheobronchial injury Selected desce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The vector for Dengue fever is - | [
"Culex fatigans",
"Anopheles culcifacies",
"Aedes aegypti",
"Aedes africanus"
] | C | Aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue fever. This mosquito is also called as tiger mosquito as a result of striped character. Dengue fever characterized by chills and high fever, intense headache, muscle or joint pain which prevent all movements. other features are weakness, anorexia, constipation, altered taste sensat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Find the value of range for the following data 7, 9, 6,8, 11, 10, 4 - | [
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Koplik's Spots are seen in - | [
"Rubeola",
"Rubella",
"Diphtheria",
"Polio"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rubeola Clinical features of measles (rubeola)o Clinical features are divided into following stages :-1) Prodromal stage# It begins 10 days after the infection and is characterized by fever, coryza with sneezing, lacrimation and photophobia. A day or two before eruptive phase (appearance of rash), Kop... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iris cysts are prevented by - | [
"Atropine",
"Pilocarpine",
"Phenylephrine",
"Ecothiopate"
] | C | Iris cysts tend to regress after discontinuing echothiophate. Phenylephrine used in combination with echothiophate may prevent iris cysts. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following types of porphyria are autosomal dominant Except | [
"Acute intermittent porphyria",
"Porphyria cutanea tarda",
"Congenital erythropoetic porphyria",
"Hereditary coproporphyria"
] | C | Congenital erythropoietic porphyria which is Autosomal recessive.PORPHYRIASEnzymeLocation of enzymeAssociated porphyriaType of porphyriaInheritanceSymptomsAminolevulinate synthaseMitochondriaX-linked sideroblastic anemiaErythropoieticX-linkedAminolevulinate dehydrataseCytosolALA dehydratase deficiencyHepaticAutosomal r... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 7-year-old child develops malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis with a high fever. Prior to this illness he was completely healthy. Further questioning reveals that he has not received any childhood vaccinations because of his parents' religious beliefs. Examination of his mouth reveals blue white spots on a red... | [
"hand-foot-and-mouth disease (coxsackievirus)",
"measles (rubeola)",
"rubella (German measles)",
"mumps"
] | B | This is a typical case of measles. The Koplik spots in the mouth are easily missed with poor illumination. They are white-blue spots of 1 mm on a red background and are not seen in any other infectious disease. The rash of measles becomes confluent while that of rubella does not. Pneumonia is an infrequent complication... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited as - | [
"X linked",
"Autosomal dominant",
"Autosomal recessive",
"Codominant"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., X linked o The two most common forms of muscular dystrophy are X-linked:- Duchenne muscular dystrophy and- Becker muscular dvstrophv.X-linked Recessive disordersMusculoskeletalo Duchene muscular dystrophyo Chronic gramilomatus diseaseHematologicalo Hemophilia A & Bo G-6-PD deficiencyImmuneo Agammaglob... | train | med_mcqa | null |
15 - 30% blood loss seen in what class of hemorrhagic shock | [
"I",
"II",
"III",
"IV"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., II Following table depicts the stages of hemorrhagic shock:Class of haemorrhagic shock IIIIIIIVBlood loss (mL)Up to 750750-15001500-2000>2000Blood loss (% blood volume)Up to 15l5-3030-40>40Pulse rate (per minute)<100100-120120-140>140Blood pressureNormalNormalDecreasedDecreasedPulse pressure (mm Hg)No... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a barrier method | [
"Condom",
"Today",
"Centchroman",
"Diaphragm"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
After mandibulectomy, muscle preventing falling back of tongue - | [
"Genioglossus",
"Hyoglossus",
"Palatopharyngeus",
"All of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common renal vascular anomaly | [
"Supernumerary renal aeries",
"Suprnumerary renal veins",
"Double renal aeries",
"Double renal veins"
] | A | Supernumerary renal aeries (two or more aeries to a single kidney) are the most common renovascular anomaly.The main renal aery may manifest early branching after originating from the abdominal aoa and before entering the renal hilum . The detection of these is significant in the evaluation of the patients for donor ne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following amino acid can carry out one-carbon substitution during the metabolism? | [
"Folic acid",
"Butyric acid",
"Vit. B",
"Folic acid"
] | A | The active form of folic acid (pteroyl glutamate) is tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate can carry one-carbon fragments attached to N-5 (formyl, formimino, or methyl groups), N-10 (formyl) or bridging N-5-N-10 (methylene or methenyl groups). The major point of entry for one-carbon fragments into substituted folates is m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prader - Willi syndrome is associated with following EXCEPT | [
"Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism",
"Hyperphagia - obesity",
"Chronic muscle hypeonia",
"Adult - onset diabetes mellitus"
] | C | PWS has many signs and symptoms. The symptoms cann range from poor muscle tone during infancy to behavioral problems in early childhood. Some symptoms that are usually found in infants, besides poor muscle tone, are a lack of eye coordination, some are born with almond-shaped eyes, and due to poor muscle tone, some may... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Allowing equal interview time to cases and controls can reduce which of the following bias? | [
"Berkesonian bias",
"Recall bias",
"Selection bias",
"Interviewer bias"
] | D | Bias: - Type of systematic error. - Subject bias - Recall bias ; Hawthorn bias . - Investigatory bias: Interviewer bias, selection bias, misclassification bias. Allowing equal time for interview can take care of interviewer bias to some extent. Interviewer bias happens in case-control studies where the interviewer know... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Testesterone secreted by: | [
"Leydig cells",
"Sertoli cells",
"Cowper's gland",
"Intermediate cells"
] | A | Ans: A (Leydig cells) Ref: Pal GK. Male reproductive system. In: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Ahuja Publishing House. 2007; 54: 410.Explanation:Sertoli Cell1. Endocrine functicInhibin. Follistatin - |FSHActivin |FSHMIS (Mullerian Inhibiting Substance) - 8th week of 1ULEstrogen - from androgen by aromatase2. Secretor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intense nihilism, somatization and agitation in old age are the hallmark symptoms of | [
"Involutional melancholia",
"Atypical depression",
"Somatized depression",
"Depressive stupor"
] | A | Involutional Melancholia Described by Kraepelin, this is a form of severe depression which occurs in the involutional period of life (i.e. 40-65 years of age). It is typically characterised by marked agitation, the presence of psychotic features (such as delusions of persecution, tactile and auditory hallucinations) an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the cause of Late deceleration on an NST? | [
"Head compression",
"Uteroplacental insufficiency",
"Cord compression",
"All of the above"
] | B | Acceleration refers to an increase in fetal hea rate above baseline and deceleration to a decrease below baseline rate. The nomenclature most commonly used in the United States is based upon the timing of the deceleration in relation to contractions--thus, early, late or variable in onset related to the corresponding u... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscle strained in athletic pubaigia is - | [
"Rectus abdominis",
"Gluteus",
"Retus femoris",
"Quadriceps"
] | A | Ans-A | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ciclipirox Oleamine is used in : | [
"Dermatophytosis",
"Acne",
"Psoriasis",
"Lichen Planus"
] | A | A i.e. Dermatophytosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
In an HIV infected individual Gram stain of lung aspirate shows yeast like morphology. All of the following are the most likely diagnosis except | [
"Candida tropicalis",
"Cryptococcus neoformans",
"Pencillium marneffei",
"Aspergillus fumigates"
] | D | Candida tropicalis is a yeast-like fungus. Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast. Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus so it shows yeast like morphology. Aspergillus fumigatus is a mould. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Baveja; 4th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Medial border of cubital fossa is formed by: | [
"Brachioradialis",
"Pronator teres",
"Biceps brachii",
"Brachialis"
] | B | Ans. B. Pronator teresThe cubital fossa is the triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow.Boundaries-a. Superior boundary -- an imaginary horizontal line connecting the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the lateral epicondyle of the humerusb. medial (ulnar) boundary -- lateral border of Pronator Teres muscle o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are features of Grave's disease except: September 2005 | [
"More common in males",
"Tremor",
"Pretibial myxedema",
"Intolerance to heat"
] | A | Ans. A: More common in males Graves disease, a syndrome of primary thyrotoxicosis, is caused by circulating thyroid receptor autoantibodies (TRab/ TSH-RAbs). The antibodies not only displace thyrotropin from the thyroid receptors but also mimic thyrotropin by activating the receptor to stimulate the synthesis and relea... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the instrument used for? | [
"Assessment of eye size",
"Stool assessment tool",
"Assess the volume of testicles",
"Growth assessment tool"
] | C | The above image represents Orchidometer.
It helps to assess the volume of testicules.
Testicular size > 4cc in volume is the 1st sign of puberty in males. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Human immunoglobulins are divided based on | [
"Functional differences",
"Structural differences",
"Complement fixation",
"None of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young man finds that every time he eats dairy products he feels very uncomfoable. His stomach becomes distended. He develops gas and diarrhoea frequently. These symptoms do not appear when he eats food other than dairy products. Which of the following is most likely enzyme in which this young man is deficient: | [
"Alpha amylase",
"Beta galactosidase",
"Alpha glucosidase",
"Sucrase"
] | B | The patient has abdominal discomfo & diarrhoea after taking milk. Diagnosis is Lactose Intolerance. Enzyme deficient in this patient is b-Galactosidase which is also known as Lactase. It breaks down milk sugar lactose into glucose and galactose which can be easily absorbed. a-Amylase digests Starch (Option a) a- Glucos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ileal obstruction due to round worm obstruction treatment is - | [
"Resection with end to end anastomosis",
"Resection with side to side anastomosis",
"Enterotomy, removal of worms and primary closure",
"Diversion"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Enterotomy, removal of worms and primary closure o Resection of small bowel is done when the affected bowel segment is of questionable viability,o Diversion is the first step in case of colonic obstruction, followed by resection and anastomosis of affected segment and then closure of diversion colosto... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a side effect of Quetiapine? | [
"Diarrhoea",
"Weight gain",
"Somnolence",
"Blurring of vision"
] | A | The most common side effect of Quetiapine is somnolence. Other common side effects include sluggishness, fatigue, dry mouth, sore throat, dizziness, abdominal pain, constipation, upset stomach, ohostatic hypotension, inflammation or swelling of the sinuses or pharynx, blurred vision, increased appetite, and weight gain... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Knuckle bender splint is used for: September 2009 | [
"Ulnar nerve palsy",
"Radial nerve palsy",
"Median nerve palsy",
"Axillary nerve palsy"
] | A | Ans. A: Ulnar Nerve Palsy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ladder pattern of DNA electrophoresis is seen in | [
"Necrosis",
"Apoptosis",
"Cytolysis",
"Karyorrhexis"
] | B | Ans. (b) Apoptosis(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 53; R 9th/pg 29-30)DNA breakdown (Internucleosome cleavage by endonuclease into 200 bp oligonucleosomes is a characteristic)Q at specific sites can be detected by 'step ladder pattern' on gel electrophoresis or TUNEL (TdT mediated d-UTP Nick End Labelling) technique | train | med_mcqa | null |
Emergency Tracheostomy | [
"Horizontal skin incision",
"Vertical incision",
"Cosmetically better",
"Is well planned and prepared"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
This patient presented following a high-speed motor vehicle crash. Which structure has been disrupted? | [
"Aorta",
"Diaphragm",
"Esophagus",
"Myocardium"
] | B | Answer B. DiaphragmThe elevated right hemidiaphragm suggests traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. The other listed structures appear to be intact. A computed tomographic scan confirmed the diaphragmatic rupture and showed that the dome of the liver had herniated into the right hemithorax. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A non-caseating granuloma is seen in? | [
"Tropical sprue",
"Celiac sprue",
"Ulcerative colitis",
"Crohn's disease"
] | D | granuloma- distinctive type of chronic inflammation characterized by microscopic aggregation of activated macrophages (epithelioid cells) with scattered lymphocytes sometimes granulomas are associated with central necrosis caseating granuloma tuberculosis histoplasmosis non-caseating granulomas have no necrotic center ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Plasma levels of hCG during pregnancy doubles every: | [
"Daily",
"2 days",
"4 days",
"6 days"
] | B | In normal pregnancy it doubles in every 48 hrs In ectopic pregnancy it doubles in every 5 to 7 days These occurs only until 7 weeks of gestation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A researcher wants to evaluate the effect of a new diet regimen on weight of a group of 10 patients. He records their weight before & after the regimen. Which of following statistical test will be applicable in this case? | [
"Chi square test",
"Paired t - test",
"Unpaired t - test",
"ANOVA"
] | B | Paired student's t - test: Comparing means (+-SD) in paired data.(in same group of individuals before and after an intervention) Example: Mean serum albumin level of dengue patients before treatment was 3.6 g/dL and after treatment was 3.2 g/dL; comparison of mean level can be done by Paired student's t - test. Unpaire... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 2 day old newborn girl born out of non-consanguinous marriage was evaluated for tense blister and areas of denuded skin that had been present since bih. The child develops while mother handles for bathing and feeding. The sibling of child also had h/o developing similar lesions. | [
"Congenital syphilis",
"Congenital epidermolysis bullosa",
"LCH",
"Congenital bullous icthyosiform erythroderma"
] | B | B i.e. Congenital Epidermolysis bullosa | train | med_mcqa | null |
Middle meningeal aery is a direct branch of:AI 06; Odisha 09; Punjab 12 | [
"External carotid aery",
"Internal maxillary aery",
"Superficial temporal aery",
"Middle cerebral aery"
] | B | Ans. Internal maxillary aery | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the treatment of choice in patients with congestive hea failure with ejection fraction < 40% and normal fluid levels achieved? | [
"ACE inhibitors + Diuretics",
"ACE inhibitors+ Beta blockers",
"ACE inhibitors + ARBs",
"ACE inhibitors + CCBs"
] | B | The Drug of choice used in congestive hea failure with reduced ejection fraction is ACE inhibitors + diuretics. Once euvolumic status is achieved, ACE inhibitors+beta blockers are drugs of choice. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed is known as | [
"Basal metabolic rate",
"Respiratory quotient",
"Specific dynamic action",
"Paial pressure of carbon dioxide"
] | B | Respiratoryquotient (RQ) is the ratio of carbon dioxide produced/oxygen consumed RQ Glucose 1.00 Protein 0.81 Fat 0.71 Alcohol 0.66 Ref : Biochemistry by U. Satyanarayana 3rd edition Pgno : 503 | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding febrile convulsion - | [
"Carbamazepine is good drug to treat it",
"Patient with family h/o F.C. have increased incidence of recurrence",
"Longterm neurological deficits are common",
"All"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Patients with family h/o F.C. have increased incidence of recurrence Risk factors for recurrence o Positive family history o Atypical complex febrile convulsions o Neurodevelopmental retardation (e.g. cerebral palsy, mental retardation) o Early onset of febrile seizure (before 1 year) Treatment of feb... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hyperscretory granules seen in with lungCa - | [
"Adeno Ca",
"Small cell Ca",
"Large cell Ca",
"Bronchoalveolar Ca"
] | B | Ref:Textbook of pathology (Harsh mohan) 6th edition,page no.500 Small cell carcinoma: Small cell carcinomas are frequently hilar or central in location, have strong relationship to cigarette smoking and are highly malignant tumours. They are most often associated with ectopic hormone production because of the presence ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Common bone to fracture with fall on outstretched hand is: | [
"Radius",
"Ulna",
"Scaphoid",
"Lunate"
] | A | Ref. Textbook of Orthopedics, Ebnezar. Page. 168
The most common location will be radius
A fall onto an outstretched arm may cause the following injuries
Fracture of the clavicle
Fracture of the surgical head of the humerus
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
Fracture of the head and neck of the radius
Galeazzi fr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The sequence of symptoms in pulmonary embolism is | [
"Fever, pain, dyspnoea",
"Fever, dyspnoea",
"Dysponea, pain, haemoptysis",
"Dysponea, cough, purulent sputum"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following muscles are supplied by the mandibular nerve except: | [
"Masseter",
"Buccinator",
"Medial pterygoid",
"Anterior belly of digastric"
] | B | Mandibular Nerve
Mandibular nerve is given at trigeminal ganglion at the floor of the middle cranial fossa and passes through the foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal region.
It supplies 8 muscles developing in first pharyngeal arch: 2 tensors (tensor tympani and tensor palati), 3 elevators of mandible (MTM: Masse... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nocardia is stained by all, EXCEPT: | [
"Acid fast stain",
"Gram's stain",
"Albe's stain",
"Mucin stain"
] | C | Nocardia species are Gram-positive, catalase positive, rod-shaped bacteria that show true branching both in culture and in stains from clinical lesions. The species most common in human infection (N asteroides and N brasiliensis) are weakly acid-fast. Nocardia typically exhibit varying degrees of acid fastness due to t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Myxedema coma is treated with? | [
"Hydrocoisone",
"Liothyronine",
"Levothyroxine",
"All of the above"
] | D | Since peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is compromised in patients who are hypothyroid, combined replacement of T4 and T3 is recommended, for that we give :- - Liothyronine (active T3 derivative) - Levothyroxine T3 has a sho half-life and must be administered q8h. Patients presenting with myxedema coma/crisis may have ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is contraindicated in an epileptic patient posted for general anesthesia?(Asked twice in the exam) | [
"Propofol",
"Thiopentone",
"Ketamine",
"Midazolam"
] | C | Ans. c. Ketamine (Ref: Morgan 4/e p197-199; Ajay Yadav, 3/e p73-75)Ketamine should be avoided in patients with history of seizures as it further increases ICP and also causes delirium and hallucinations.Ketamine:Ketamine should be avoided in patients with history of seizuresIncreases brain oxygen consumption and metabo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cystic medial necrosis responsible for aoic dilatation and rupture is seen in - | [
"Syphilitic aneurysm",
"Takayasu aeritis",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Marfan syndrome"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' Marfan syndromeo Cystic medial necrosis is the degenerative disease of media of the aoa.o It characterized by degeneration of collagen and elastic fibers in tunica media of aoa, and also the loss of medial cells that are replaced by multiple cleft of mucoid material.It characteristically affects the proxima... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Halstaed's mastectomy is | [
"Simple mastectomy",
"Wide local excision",
"Radical mastectomy",
"Modified radical Mastectomy"
] | C | Ans. (c) Radical Mastectomy(Ref Internet Sources)Halstaed Radical mastectomy is historical.* It involves removal of Entire breast, Nipple and areola with tumor* Also removes all level 1,2,3 nodes* Muscles like Pectoralis major, Serratus Anterior are also removed.* It's a very high morbid procedure and hence not done no... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Staphylococcus is - | [
"Gram - positive cocci",
"Gram - negative cocci",
"Gram - positive bacillus",
"Gram - negative bacillus"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gram - positive cocci Gram positive bacteria . There are 6 classic grain positive bacteria that cause human disease. . Of these 2 are cocci Staphylococci Streptococci (including anaerobic peptostreptococci) . Other 4 are bacilli Corynebacterium 3. Clostridium Bacillus 4. Listeria | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of pseudopancreatic cyst: (Repeat) | [
"Acute pancreatitis",
"Abdomen trauma",
"Post pancreatic surgery",
"Pancreatic Carcinoma"
] | A | Ans: A (Acute Pancreatitis) Ref: Sabiston Textbook of Surgen: 19th Edition, Pg 1524-25 & Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 9th EditionExplanation:"Pancreatic pseadocysts occur usually as a complication of pancreatitis, although sonic occur after trauma" {Ref: Schwartz}.Pancreatic PseudocystsPancreatic pseudocysts occur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a healthy individual on a normal diet, which of the following ion is completely absorbed in tubules, except? | [
"Na2+",
"K+",
"Cl-",
"Urea"
] | D | UreaOn a normal diet maximum solutes are reabsorbed almost completd: -Glucose : 100%Aminoacids 100%HCO; : 100%Water: 99.4%Na- :99.4%CL :99.2%Uric acid: 98%K. :93.3%Urea: 53%.Total solutes:98.9%RENAL UREA TRANSPO:Urea is secreted into thin descending limb of Henle loop.In Proximal tubule - 40-50% filtered urea reabsorbe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Imaging modality for confirming the diagnosis of hronchieactasis is - | [
"Chest CT Scan",
"MRI chest",
"X - ray Chest",
"Bronchoscopy"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Chest CT Scan Investigations of choice in respiratory systemDiseaseInvestigation* Intersitial lung disease* Bronchiectasis* HRCT* HRCT (1st choice)* Bronchography (2nd choice)* Pulmonary embolism* CT with i.v. Contrast (1st choice)* V/Q scan (2nd choice)* Solitary pulmonary nodule* Calcification* Pulm... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a feature of postdated pregnancy : | [
"Cord compression",
"Fetal distress",
"IUGR",
"Polyhydramnios"
] | D | Polyhydramnios | train | med_mcqa | null |
A class of autonomic drugs used for reversing skeletal muscle relaxation caused by a nondepolarizing blocker is the: | [
"Cholinesterase inhibitors",
"Parasympatholytics",
"Muscarinic antagonists",
"Sympatholytics"
] | A | A nondepolarizing skeletal muscle blockade caused by antagonists such as d-tubocurarine is produced when these drugs pharmacologically antagonize acetylcholine and bind N2-nicotinic receptors of the motor end plate. This binding hyperpolarizes the muscle cell membrane. Reversal of a nondepolarizing block requires addit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following are indications of dialysis in a patient with suspected poisoning? | [
"Prolonged coma",
"Hepatic and renal failure",
"Plasma levels in fatal range of the toxin",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. D. All of the aboveIndications of Dialysis in a patient with suspected poisoning are:Prolonged coma, Hepatic and renal failure, Plasma levels in fatal range, when removal of toxin is possible only dialysis (e.g. barbitutates, chloral hydrate, ethylene glycol, theophylline, salicylates and heavy metals) | train | med_mcqa | null |
In AIDs control programme. For treatment of STDs, blue colored pack is used for treatment of- | [
"Urethral discharge",
"Scrotal swelling",
"Genital ulcers",
"Ano-rectal discharge"
] | C | Am. is 'c' i.e., Genital ulcersNACO centers providing ART (as of sept 2006)o The National AIDS control organization (NACO) has increased the numbers of centres providing ART from 54 to 91 centres with another 9 more centres also getting operational soon,o All the 91centres have specially appointed and trained doctors, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis developed cholangiocarcinoma. Which is the MOST common site of cholangiocarcinoma? | [
"Distal biliary duct",
"Hilum",
"Intrahepatic duct",
"Multifocal"
] | B | Cholangiocarcinoma (CCC): CCC typically refers to mucin-producing adenocarcinomas (different from HCC) that arise from the bile ducts. They are grouped by their anatomic site of origin, as intrahepatic, hilar (central, 65% of CCCs), and peripheral (or distal, 30% of CCCs). Predisposing diseases, Primary sclerosing chol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tear drop sign is seen in: | [
"Fracture of floor of orbit",
"Fracture of lateral wall of nose",
"Le Fo's fracture",
"Fracture on zygomatic arch"
] | A | "Tear Drop" sign is a radiological sign seen in blow out fracture of orbit. It signifies entrapment and herniation of orbital content through a defect in floor of orbit into maxillary antrum. | train | med_mcqa | null |
High tracheostomy is indicated in.......oflarynx: | [
"Scleroma",
"Tuberculosis",
"Carcinoma",
"Multiple papilloma"
] | C | Ans: c (Carcinoma)Ref: Rober's Brown 5,h/e p. 2,108,8 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6-year-old male child, whose medical history includes a complicated delivery, has a permanently tilted head posture, with the right ear near the right shoulder and the face turned upward and to the left. Which of the following muscles was most likely damaged during birth? | [
"Anterior scalene",
"Omohyoid",
"Sternocleidomastoid",
"Trapezius"
] | C | Because of its size and vulnerable position during birth, the sternocleidomastoid muscle is injured more often than other muscles of the head and neck during birth. When acting alone, the action of this muscle is to turn the head to the opposite side and bend it toward the ipsilateral shoulder. When using both muscles,... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug locally used for tracheal stenosis is: | [
"Mitomycin C",
"Doxorubicin",
"Bleomycin",
"Clindamycin"
] | A | Mitomycin C is a mitomycin that is used as a chemotherapeutic agent by viue of its antitumour activity. It is given intravenously to treat upper gastro-intestinal cancers (e.g. esophageal carcinome), anal cancers, and breast, as well as by bladder instillation for superficial bladder tumors. It causes delayed bone marr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dose of chloroquine for prophylaxis against vivax malaria: September 2012 | [
"150 mg (base) weekly",
"300 mg (base) weekly",
"600 mg (base) weekly",
"900 mg (base) weekly"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. 300 mg (base) weekly Antimalarial prophylaxis In areas where chloroquine remains effective: Chloroquine 300 to 310 mg once weekly, and Proguanil 200 mg once daily (staed one week before travel, and continued for four weeks after returning) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hospital waste product accounts | [
"Paper: 40%",
"Plastic:10%",
"Infectious waste: 30%",
"Rage: 30%"
] | B | The average composition of hospital wastes in India is: - 15% rags -15% - 10% metals- 1% infectious wastes-1.5% -4% wastes-53.5% Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:790, table 2 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which intravenous anaesthetic agent has cocaine line effect on cardiovascular system | [
"Thiopentone",
"Propofol",
"Ketamine",
"Etomidate"
] | C | Ketamine like cocaine inhibits adrenaline and noradrenaline uptake and act as sympathomimetic. KETAMINE * It is structurally related to phencyclidine * Water soluble, transparent available in 1%, 2% and 5% solution * Routes of administration - IV, IM, oral, Rectal intranasal. * Produces so - called dissociative anesthe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following may NOT be used during the
flanking of dentures: | [
"petroleum",
"tin foil",
"tin foil substitute",
"silicone lubricant"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Liver malignancies can be studied by - | [
"Radionuclear study",
"Ultrasound",
"CT",
"All"
] | D | Ans d i.e. All | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chromosome associated with familial polyposis coli ? | [
"Chromosome 5",
"Chromosome 6",
"Chromosome 11",
"Chromosome 13"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient after thyroid surgery presents with perioral paresthesia. Serum calcium levels is 7 mg/dL. What will be the best management? | [
"Oral vitamin D3",
"Oral vitamin D3 with calcium",
"IV calcium gluconate",
"Oral calcium"
] | D | Ans. (d) Oral calciumRef: Bailey and Love 26th edition Page 762* The hypocalcemia management is mainly decided based on Mild or severe symptoms. This is a mild case hence Oral calcium is enough* The serum calcium value is variable from 8-12mg/dl. If preop value of a patient is only 8mg/dl the value of 7 will only cause... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are known predesposing factors for cholangiocarcinoma except - | [
"CBD stones",
"Clonorchis sinensis",
"Ulcerative colitis",
"Primary sclerosing cholangitis"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Low and fixed specific gravity of urine is seen in | [
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Diabates insipidus",
"Chronic renal failure",
"Acute glomerulonephritis"
] | C | Normal specific gravity of urine is 1.015 - 1.025. Theoretical extremes are 1.003 to 1.032. The specific gravity will be decreased(hyposthenuria) in excessive water intake, in chronic nephritis, in acute glomerulonephritis, in pyelonephritis and in diabetes insipidus. It is increased(hypersthenuria) in diabetes mellitu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Froment's sign is seen in? | [
"Ulnar nerve palsy",
"Median nerve palsy",
"Anterior interosseous nerve palsy",
"Radial nerve palsy"
] | B | Froment's sign: is also known as Book holding test. It is seen in Carpal tunnel syndrome. Median nerve is compressed in Carpal tunnel. Patient cannot hold book, it is a test to conform Carpal tunnel syndrome. REF:BD Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 130 | train | med_mcqa | null |
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