question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radiation dose in mammography | [
"0.1 Gray/study",
"0.01cGray/study",
"0.1 cGray/study",
"0.01 Gray/study"
] | C | Mammography Soft tissue radiographs are taken by placing the breast in direct contact with ultrasensitive film and exposing it to low-voltage, high-amperage x-rays. The dose of radiation is approximately 0.1 cGy and, therefore, mammography is a very safe investigation. The sensitivity of this investigation increases wi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not seen in Hea failure? | [
"Kerley B lines",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Oligemia",
"Kerley A Lines"
] | C | Oligemia is not seen in Hea Failure Chest x-ray in hea failure may show : Pleural effusions, Cardiomegaly Kerley A and B lines Perhilar haze Cephalization of pulmonary vasculature Peribronchial cuffing Lymphatic engorgement causes septal thickenings which is seen as Kerley A and Kerley B lines on CXR. CXR of Hea Failur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Jitteriness can be distinguished from seizures by all of the following except - | [
"Senstivity to stimulus",
"Frequency of movement",
"Abnormality of Gaze",
"Autonomic disturbance"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Frequency of Movement Jitteriness Jitteriness is stimulus sensitive (means, Jitteriness can be initiated by physical stimulation) Jitteriness can be abolished by passive restraint e.g. Flexion of the limb Not associated with autonomic changes or occular phenomena Jitteriness may have same frequency of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which veebra has the most prominent spine: | [
"C2",
"C7",
"T10",
"L2"
] | B | B i.e. C7The most prominent spinous processQ that can be felt in neck is that of seventh cervical veebrae. The C-7 is named veebra prominens because it has the longest spinous processQ, and the process is not bifid. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drugs used for day care surgery are all Except | [
"Propofol",
"Sevoflurane",
"Doxacurium",
"Desflurane"
] | C | Drugs useful for day care surgeryPropofolSevoflurane, desflurane & isofluraneAlfentanilMidazolam Mivacurium(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no. 214,219) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient with head and neck cancer with contralateral Lymphnode of 3 cm size. Nstaging | [
"N2a",
"N2b",
"N2c",
"N3"
] | C | N0
No nodal metastasis
N1
Single
Ipsilateral
Equal to or <3 cm
N2a
Single
Ipsilateral
3 to 6 cm
N2b
Multiple
Ipsilateral
None > 6 cm
N2c
Single or Multiple
Bilateral or Contralateral
None > 6 cm
N3
Single or Multiple
Ipsilateral, Bilateral or Contralateral
Any node >6 cm | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cornea veicillate is caused by - | [
"Erythromycin",
"Amiodarone",
"Timolol",
"Tetracycline"
] | B | Cornea veicillata, also called Fleischer voex, voex keratopathy or whorl keratopathy, is a condition characterised by corneal deposits at the level of the basal epithelium forming a faint golden-brown whorl pattern. It is seen in Fabry disease or in case of prolonged amiodarone intake. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All changes occur in fibroid uterus except: | [
"Atrophy",
"Squamous metaplasia",
"Hyaline degeneration",
"Calcification"
] | B | Ans. is b, i.e. Squamous metaplasiaFibromyoma can have following complications and degenerative changes:ComplicationsChanges/Degenerations* TorsionQ* HemorrhageQ* InfectionQ* Ascites; pseudo-Meig's syndromeQ(Produced by pedunculatedQ subserous fibroid)Q* Malignant changeQ (rarest)* Avoid= Atrophy* Red= Red degeneration... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following method is the best predictor for ovulation in a female infeility patient during a menstual cycle? | [
"Basal body temperature",
"Fern Test",
"Endometrial biopsy",
"Hormonal Study"
] | D | In an ovulatory cycle plasma progesterone reaches a peak of 15ng/ml at mid-luteal phase (22-23days). Basal body temparature (BBT) falls at the time of ovulation by about 1/2degree. During the progestational half of cycle temparature is slightly raised above the preovulatory level. But it is now obsolete because: 1. Ted... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regan isoenzyme is increased in | [
"Seminoma",
"Paget's disease",
"Osteoporosis",
"Cholestasis"
] | A | The Regan isoenzyme is a placental-type alkaline phosphatase that is expressed in a number of human tumors, paicularly in gonadal and urologic cancers. Evidence now points to seminoma as a consistent producer of Regan isoenzyme although much more work will be required to establish its clinical utility. Ref: | train | med_mcqa | null |
Old men with BP 210/110mm Hg are classified as sever hypertension. This type of data is - | [
"Categorical",
"Numerical",
"Quantitative",
"Continuous"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Categorical o This question is tricky one -# Blood pressure itself is a continuous quantitative data.# But, classification into sever hypertension (wether severe hypertension is present or not) is qualitative (categorical) data.)Statistical datao There are basically two types of variables and they yei... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following a fracture of the humerus, an adult patient has a biopsy of the healing area. Which of the following types of bone will the biopsy most likely show? | [
"Cancellous",
"Compact",
"Spongy",
"Woven"
] | D | Bone is formed by type I collagen fibers, ground substance, and hydroxyapatite crystals. The collagen is oriented in a layered or lamellar fashion. It can be parallel (trabecular bone and periosteum) or concentric (Haversian system). When bone is formed quickly, as in a healing fracture site, metabolic bone disease, or... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Meckel&;s diveiculum, true are A/E | [
"Has three layers with aery",
"Heterotopic epithelium in 50-60% cases",
"Always gastric epithelium",
"May present with hemorrhage"
] | C | .It is- * 2% common. * 2 feet from the ileo-caecal valve. * 2 inch in length. * It is congenital, results from incomplete closure of vitello-intestinal duct. * It is the most common congenital anomaly of small intestine. * Arises from the antimesenteric border of the ileum, containing all three layers of the bowel with... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 64-year-old man develops increasing dysphagia over many months. A barium swallow is performed. What is the most likely cause of his clinical presentation? | [
"Carcinoma of the esophagus",
"Achalasia",
"Sliding hiatal hernia",
"Paraoesophageal hernia"
] | A | The appearance of unexplained dysphagia in adults requires urgent evaluation. Esophageal carcinoma is particularly prevalent in certain parts of Africa and Asia, but the incidence is increasing in Western countries. In achalasia there is initially a greater tolerance for solids over liquids. In carcinoma, dysphagia for... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Preferred drugs in clinical situations associated with hypeensive emergencies: a) Nitroprusside is preferred in aoic dissection b) Phentolamine is the first choice in adrenergic crisis c) Hydralazine is preferred in eclampsia d) Nitroglycerin is best in acute left ventricular failure e) Nicardipine in case of cerebrova... | [
"All true",
"c,d,e-True & a,b-false",
"a,e-True & b,c,d-False",
"a,b,d, e-True & c-False"
] | A | Nitroprusside is prefered in aoic dissection, Phentolamine in aoic crisis, Hydralazine in eclampsia, nitroglycerine in hypeension associated with LV Failure and nicardipine in CVA Ref: Harrisons, Edition18 , Page - 2058 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Toll like receptors are present in | [
"PMNs",
"Reticuocytes",
"Reticuocytes",
"Leukocytes"
] | D | Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
Microbial sensors that recognize products of bacteria (such as endotoxin and bacterial DNA), viruses (like DS-RNA), and other pathogens.
TLRs are located in plasma membranes and endosomes of leukocytes, so they are able to detect extracellular and ingested microbes. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lichen simplex chronicus, not true is | [
"Presents with demarcated lichenified skin plaque",
"Commonly affects the trunk and groin",
"Represents end stage of eczematous skin diseases",
"Glucocoicoids are mainstay of treatment"
] | B | Lichen simplex chronicus Represents end stage of variety of pruritic and eczematous disorders, including Atopic Dermatitis. It consists of a circumscribed/ demarcated plaque of lichenified skin due to chronic scratching or rubbing. Common areas involved include the posterior nuchal region, dorsum of feet and ankles. Tr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Molisch&;s test is positive in all except | [
"Mucoproteins",
"Glycoproteins",
"Sucrose",
"Phospholipids"
] | D | reference from DM Vasudevan 8th edition page no.93 and 108 Molisch test is the general test for carbohydrate. 1:mucoproteins give +ve molisch test because A mucoprotein is a glycoprotein composed primarily of mucopolysaccharides. 2: glycoprotein also gives +ve molisch test because glycoprotein consists of both carbohyd... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The standard normal distribution: | [
"image_question",
"image_question",
"image_question",
"image_question"
] | D | Normal Distribution: Is also known as &;Gaussian distribution&; or &;Standard distribution&; Type of distribution: Is the distribution of values of a quantitative variable such that they are symmetric with respect to a middle value with same mean, median and mode, and then the frequencies taper off rapidly and symmetri... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Local anesthetic act by? | [
"Na+ channel inhibition",
"Ca++ channel inhibition",
"Mg++ channel inhibition",
"K+ channel inhibition"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Na+ channel inhibition * Local anesthetics act by inhibiting Na+ channels from inside.Mechanism of action of LA* Local anesthetics act by blocking Na+ channels. By blocking Na+ channels they block nerve conduction by decreasing the entry (Influx) of Na+ ions during upstroke of action potential.* LAS p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Long term side effect of glucocorticosteroids: | [
"Hepatotoxicity",
"Osteoporosis",
"Precocious puberty",
"Lupus like syndrome"
] | B | Ans. B. OsteoporosisGlucocorticosteroid have many side effects like Cushing syndrome hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, delay in wound healing, increase in infection and many other. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most effective treatment for Blepharospasm is | [
"Trihexphenidyl",
"Surgical ablation of nerve to orbicularis",
"Botulinum toxin",
"Dietary supplement of magnesium chloride"
] | C | (C) Botulinum toxin # Botulinum toxin is currently the treatment of choice for blepharospasm. Botulinum toxin injections (Botox is a widely known example) have been used to induce localized, partial paralysis. Among most sufferers, botolinum toxin injection is the preferred treatment method.> Injections are generally a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dead bone in X-ray is? | [
"More radiolucent",
"More radiopaque",
"Same as normal bone",
"Variable"
] | B | Dead bone as seen in Avascular necrosis, Perthes disease, TB, osteomyelitis is usually more opaque than normal in X-ray. | train | med_mcqa | null |
VAT in mechanical ventilation stands for ? | [
"Ventilator associated trauma",
"Ventilator associated treatment",
"Ventilator associated tracheobronchitis",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ventilator associated tracheobronchitis (Ref: Nosocomial andVentilator-Associated Pneumonia p.14) VAT (Ventilator associated tracheobronchitis) & VAP (Ventilator associated pneumonia) are nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections common in patients who are on ventilator for long periods of time. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Young's operation of Penile cancer is | [
"Total amputation of penis with Bilateral ilio - inguinal Block dissection",
"Total amputation of penis with Unilateral ilio - inguinal Block dissection",
"Partial amputation of penis with Bilateral ilio - inguinal Block dissection",
"Partial amputation of penis with Unilateral ilio - inguinal Block dissectio... | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common type of cataract following radiation is: | [
"Posterior subcapsular",
"Anterior subcapsular",
"Tear-drop cataract",
"Diffuse cataract"
] | A | Ans. Posterior subcapsular | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not a finding in viral encephalitis? | [
"A strogl i a I proliferation",
"Perivascular mononuclear infiltrate",
"Inclusion bodies intranuclear and intracytoplasmic",
"None of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Astroglial proliferation The pathologic Changes in viral encephalitis are : Parenchymal infiltrate chiefly in perivascular location, of mononuclear cells consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. o Microscopic clusters of MICROGLIAL cells and presence of Neuronophagia. o Viral infection ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following factors are produced by hepatocytes except | [
"Fibrinogen",
"Prothrombin",
"Von willebrand factor",
"Factor VIII"
] | C | Von Willebrand factor large-> 20,000 kD multimeric molecule composed of +- 200 kD monomers, synthesized by vascular endothelium, megakaryocytes, and platelets; vWFs hemostatic efficiency is related to multimer size.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology 23rd edition Page no: 532 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blodd agar is an example for - | [
"Simple media",
"Complex media",
"Enriched media",
"Selective media"
] | C | Enriched media: in these media substances such as blood,serum,or egg are added to a basal medium. They are used to grow bacteria which are more extracting in their nutritional needs. examples are blood agar, choclate agar and egg media REF:Ananthanarayan & Panicker's Textbook of Microbiology 8th Edition pg no : 40 | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Herald patch" is characteristic feature of - | [
"Pityriasis rubra pilaris",
"Psoriasis",
"Lichen planus",
"Pityriasis rosea"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pityriasis rosea o Herald patch or mother patch is a characteristic feature of P. rosea.o P. rosea is a common scaly disorder, occuring usually in children and young adults (10-35 years). Characterized by round/oval pink brown patches with a superficial, centrifugal scale, distributed over trunk in a ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pneumatocytes lines the | [
"Segmental bronchiole",
"Terminal branchioles",
"Respiratory bronchioles",
"Alveoli"
] | D | (Alveoli) (83-M. Kaul histology 3rd) (221- LB.Singh 5th)Respiratory system - Histology* Trachea - lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium* Intrapulmonary Bronchus - lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium* Terminal Bronchiole - lined by simple columnar epithelium* Respiratory Bronchiole - ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
By 2 weeks of age, infants normally show all of the following signs Except | [
"Copying facial expression",
"Stepping",
"Palmar grasp",
"A negative Babinski reflex"
] | D | By 2 weeks of age, infants show stepping, palmar grasp, the rooting reflex, and the copying of facial expressions. The Babinski reflex is normally positive until a child is approximately 12 months of age. Ref: Nelson paediatrics; Table 11-1 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Height of person is 174 cm and his wreight is 89 kg. The person is - | [
"Underweight",
"Normal",
"Preobese",
"Obese"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Preobese o Weight = 89 kgo Height = 174 cm = 1.74 metreo Thus the person is question comes in range of pre-obese, i.e. BMI25 - 29.99Classification of adults according to BMIClassificationBMIRisk of comorbiditiesUnderweight<18.50Low (but risk of other clinical problems increased)Normal range18.50-24.99... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oral contraceptive acts by | [
"Aseptic inflammation",
"Change in endometrial fluid",
"Foreign body reaction",
"Prevent ovulation"
] | D | Neither estrogen nor progestin hormone dose used in combination hormonal oral contraceptives alone would be able to suppress ovulation but together the estrogen and progestin hormones work synergistically to suppress ovulation "successfully". The synergistic antiovulatory effect from the combined use of estrogen and pr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are associated with carcinoma colon except - | [
"Smoking",
"Alcohol",
"Fibre diet",
"Fatty food"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fibre dieto Fibre diet is protective against colon cancer (see previous explanations). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs not used in endometriosis? | [
"Danazol",
"Progestin",
"GnRH agaonist",
"Misoprost"
] | D | Ans. is d, i.e. MisoprostDrugs used in the management of Endometriosis:Proctor: Progesterone (oral/DMPA inj/Mirena IUCD)And: Anti progestin (Mifeprestone/onapristone)Gamble: GnRH agonistAlways: Aromatase inhibitor (Letrozole/Anastrozole)Offer: OCP's (continuous)Good: GestrinoneDeals: Danazol | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 26–year–old male, Vikas presents to OPD complaining of hair loss and itching on scalp. Physical examination reveals moderate patchy hair loss from the central portion of the scalp and the lesions have a ring-like configuration with central clearing. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat this patient's con... | [
"Local glucocorticoids",
"Progesterone",
"Finasteride",
"Terbinafine"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about prolactin is all except | [
"Primary hypothyroidism is associated with mild elevation in serum prolactin",
"Normal prolactin level is less than 20ng/mL in non-pregnant women",
"Hyperprolactinema causes reflex increase in central dopamine levels which causes Menorrhagia",
"Dopamine agonists decrease prolactin secretion"
] | C | Hyperprolactinemia → reflex increase in dopamine → acts on dopamine receptors on ovaries
→ Disrupts Folliculogenesis → Amenorrhea. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common serotype of listeria causing infections: | [
"1/2a",
"1/3a",
"1/3b",
"1/2c"
] | A | Ans. is. 'a' i. e., 1/2a | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 60-year-old female complains of dry mouth and a gritty sensation in her eyes. She states it is sometimes difficult to speak for more than a few minutes. There is no history of diabetes mellitus or neurologic disease. The patient is on no medications. On exam, the buccal mucosa appears dry and the salivary glands are ... | [
"Lip biopsy",
"Schirmer test and measurement of auto antibodies",
"IgG antibody to mumps virus",
"Use of coicosteroids"
] | B | (Braunwald, 15/e, pp 1947-1949.) The complaints described are characteristic of Sjogren syndrome, an autoimmune disease with presenting symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth. The disease is caused by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands. Dry eyes can be measured objectively by the Schir... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carpel tunnel syndrome is due to compression of - | [
"Radial nerve",
"Ulnar nerve",
"Palmer branch of the Ulnar nerve",
"Median nerve"
] | D | Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed in the carpal tunnel below flexor retinaculum. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Specific gravity of enamel is: | [
"2.1",
"2.8",
"3.2",
"3.4"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is DASH? | [
"Dietary approaches to stop hypeension",
"Domestic approach to safeguard hepatitis",
"Dietary approaches to stop hyperlipidemia",
"Domestic approaches to stop hemorrhage"
] | A | DASH DIET (DIETRARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPEENSION) : Description: dietary pattern promoted to prevent and control hypeension. DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables and has low-fat poultry products , nuts & beans; and limited sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, red meat . DASH reduces SBP by 6 mm Hg, DBP by 3 mm Hg i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
This instrument can be used in all except- | [
"Finchams test",
"Iridectomy",
"Corneal tattooing",
"Axis of cylindrical lens in refractive errors"
] | C | Stenopaeic slit The rectangular apeure is 1mm in width and 15mm in length. Uses of the stenopaeic slit - Determination of Meridian Of Optical Iridectomy- in patients with a corneal scar or lenticular opacity. To diagnose cases of cataract, differentiate between colored halos caused in Angle-closure glaucoma and catarac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dysphagia lusoria is diagnosed by? | [
"USG",
"Fluoroscopy",
"Plain radiograph",
"CT Angiography"
] | D | Ans DDysphagia lusoria (or Bayford-Autenrieth dysphagia) is an abnormal condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery. The diagnosis of dysphagia lusoria is difficult and late as the symptoms are often nonspecific and diagnostic endoscopy is negative in more than 50% ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common neoplasm of appendix Is - | [
"Lymphoma",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Leiomyosarcoma",
"Argentafflnoma"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Adenocarcinoma o Recent editions of both Sabiston and Schwartz write that now Carcinoid tumor (i.e. Argentaffinoma) in not the most common tumor of the appendix. Mucinous adenocarcinoma is the most common tumor of the appendix.Read below:"Although it was previously believed that carcinoid tumors were ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Generalised anxiety disorder is characterized by | [
"Free floating anxiety",
"Worry about tril issues",
"Inability to relax",
"Anxiety about specific situations"
] | D | GAD is characterized by free floating anxiety and negative apprehension about day today tril life events. Anxiety about specific situations are more likely to be seen in phobia. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 407 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 12-year old boy is brought to the clinic by his father to get treatment for this condition on his face. What is the most appropriate morphologic term for these lesions? | [
"Abscess",
"Nodule",
"Vesicle",
"Pustule"
] | D | Pustules are raised lesions containing purulent exudate; vesicular processes such as varicella or herpes simplex may evolve to pustules A circumscribed lesion that contains purulent material. It may occur within a pilosebaceous follicle or a sweat duct or, less often, on glabrous skin. Most commonly due to infections, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of action of Triazoles | [
"Inhibits cell wall synthesis",
"Inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis",
"Inhibits glucan synthesis",
"Inhibits tubulin"
] | B | * Triazole antifungals (Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole) inhibit 14-sterol demethylase --> impair the biosynthesis of ergosterol--> resulting in depletion of membrane ergosterol along with accumulation of the toxic product 14-methyl-3,6- diol --> leading to fungal growth arrest. Ref:- Goodman & Gi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 59-year maie pg cNvitts with dimness of near vision. On examination, the media was clear in both the eves. What would he the next step? | [
"Refraction with near add",
"Refraction under atropine",
"Radial keratotomy",
"Cataract surgery"
] | A | Ans. a. Refraction with near add A 59-year-old male presents with dimness of near vision. On examination, the media was clear in both the eyes. For diminuation of vision this age, one should think for cataract; but in this case, media (cornea/aqueothens/vitreous) is clear, so cataract is ruled out As there is dimness o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are seen in Thalasemia major except: | [
"Transfusion dependency",
"Splenoheptatomegaly",
"Ineffective erythropoiesis",
"Macrocytic anaemia"
] | D | -Thalassemia is associated with microcytic and hypochromic anemia,not macrocytic anemia. - Remaining all features given in the options are associated with thalassemia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the macromolecular complex that associates with introns during mRNA splicing? | [
"Splicer",
"Dicer",
"Nuclear body",
"Spliceosome"
] | D | A special multicomponent complex, the spliceosome, is involved in conveing the primary transcript into mRNA. Spliceosomes consist of the primary transcript, five snRNAs (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) and more than 60 proteins, many of which contain conserved "RNP" and "SR" protein motifs. Ref: Weil P. (2011). Chapter 36. RNA... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Point mutaton in which protooncogene is responsible for the development of gastrointestinal stromal tumor | [
"KIT",
"ALK",
"RET",
"FLT3"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., KIT | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anti nuclear antibodies in SLE cause - | [
"Ahritis",
"LE cells",
"Endocarditis",
"CNS lesions"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., LE cells | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tonography is used to determine | [
"The lOP at different times",
"The facility of aqueous outflow",
"The rate of formation of aqueous",
"None of the above"
] | B | Tonography Tonography is a non-invasive technique for determining the facility of aqueous outflow (C-value). The C-value is expressed as aqueous outflow in microlitres per minute per millimetre of mercury. It is estimated by placing Schiotz tonometer on the eye for 4 minutes. For a graphic record the electronic Schiotz... | train | med_mcqa | null |
who disregarded the topographical theory of mind | [
"adler",
"erik erikson",
"seligman",
"freud"
] | D | CONTRIBUTIONS OF FREUD o Father of psychoanalysis He founded a type of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis. It is nothing but analyzing the psych(MIND) o Interpretation of dreams According to Freud dreams are royal road to unconscious In dreams several conflicts that are present in the unconscious comes to the consciou... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dehydration in a child with diarrhea thirst present | [
"Mild",
"Moderate",
"Sever",
"None"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mild In mild dehydration, patient is thirsty and ale. Mild Severe Patient's appearance Thirsty; ale, restless Drowsy; limp, cold, sweaty; may be comatose Radial pulse Normal rate and volume Rapid, feeble, sometimes impalpable Blood pressure Normal Less than 80 mm Hg; may be unrecordable Skin elasticit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In depression, there is a deficiency in | [
"5-HT",
"Ach",
"Dopamine",
"GABA"
] | A | SEROTONIN is produced from TRYPTOPHAN it is a neuro transmitter that controls the well being of the individual it controls drive to day to day activities, controls sleep and appetite. TRPTOPHAN helps in production of MELATONIN MELATONIN controls SLEEP A decreased level of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been theor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Manifestations of epidemic Dropsy are all except - | [
"Gastrointestinal bleed",
"Cutaneous hemangiomas",
"Breathlessness",
"CHF"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gastrointestinal bleed "Epidemic Drupsy : There is an occurence of eryththematou.s matting & raised hemangiomas on the skin & mucous membranes"- National Health Programme of India by J.Kishore 7thIe p. 589. "Some patient may develop glaucoma.' - Park 20thie p. 571. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a marker for muscle tumor- | [
"Desmin",
"Actin",
"Neurofilament",
"Intermediate filament"
] | C | All others except neurofilament are elevated in muscle tumors. Basic Pathology, Robbins. Page no.: 795 | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about corynebacterium diptheria includes all of the following except : | [
"Deep invasion is not seen",
"Elek’s test is done for toxigenicity",
"Metachromatic granules are seen",
"Toxigenicity is mediated by chromosomal change"
] | D | “Corynebacteriophage beta carries the structural gene (tox + ) encoding diptheria toxin and a family of closely related corynebacteriophage are responsible for toxigenic conversion of tox – C.diptheria to tox + phenotype.”
Elek’s gel precipitation test is in vitro test for toxin detection. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aspirin inhibits which of the following enzymes | [
"Lipoprotein lipase",
"Lipo oxygenase",
"Cyclooxygenase",
"Phospholipase d"
] | C | Aspirin is an NSAIDs and acts by Irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme that decreases the formation of prostaglandins. Refer katzung 10/e p554 KDT 6/e p185 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In coarctation of aoa, the side of rib notching is | [
"Superior to rib",
"Inferior to rib",
"At sternum",
"At veebra"
] | B | Rib notching is unusual in infancy but becomes more frequent with increased age; it is present in 75% of adults with coarctation. Rib notching occurs along the inferior margin of the third to the eighth ribs; it is caused by pulsation of dilated intercostal aeries. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 443 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Highest mortality in pregnancy - | [
"Eissenmenger syndrome",
"Fallot's tetrology",
"Coarctation of aorta",
"Marfan's syndrome"
] | A | Ans: A | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true about cementum | [
"It forms a part of periodontium and is avascular.",
"Its function is to attach tooth to PDL.",
"It provides anchorage to the tooth.",
"All of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the right number of doses of ATT for a category II patient under DOTS ? | [
"IP-24, CP-54",
"IP-36, CP-66",
"IP-24, CP-48",
"IP-36, CP-54"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., IP-36, CP-66 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Homer Wright rossete is seen in? | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Nephroblastoma",
"Ependymoma",
"Rhabdomyosarcoma"
] | A | Ans. (a) Neuroblastoma(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 1306)Types of rosettes are given below:Homer Wright rossete:Neuroblastoma, medulloblastomaPerivascular pseudorosette:EpendymomaFlexner wintersteiner rosette:RetinoblastomaTrue rosette: Ependymoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
CSF rhinorrhoea occurs most commonly due to fracture of: | [
"Tegmen tympani",
"Cribriform plate",
"Frontal sinus",
"Sphenoid sinus"
] | B | (b) Cribriform plate(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 805)The most common site of traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea is fracture of lateral lamella of cribriform plate. The other mentioned site's fractures can also cause CSF rhinorrhoea/otorhinorrhoea. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following cytochrome is involved in mono-oxygenase mediated detoxification of drugs? | [
"Cyt P 300",
"Cyt P 400",
"Cyt P 450",
"Cyt P 480"
] | C | Cyt P450 is involved in the detoxification of drugs and potentially dangerous compounds. The metabolic activity of this enzyme are of 3 types: mono oxygenase activity which result in incorporation of an oxygen atom into the substrate, oxidase activity resulting in formation of superoxide anion radicals or hydrogen pero... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dorello’s canal transmits: | [
"Middle meningeal artery",
"Mandibular nerve",
"Superior alveolar branch of maxillary nerve",
"Abducent nerve"
] | D | Dorello’s Canal is the bow-shaped enclosure surrounding the abducent nerve, as it enters the cavernous sinus.
It is present at the medial most end of the petrous ridge at the confluence of the inferior petrosal sinus and cavernous sinus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inulin is used for the measurement of- | [
"ECF",
"ICF",
"Plasma volume",
"Blood volume"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., ECF * The volume of the various body compartments can be measured by injecting into them an indicator substance (marker or dye) and estimating its volume of distribution.* Measurement of body fluid volumes is done by 'Dilution method' i.e., by knowing the diluted concentration of dye in the fluid. Sup... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Workshop is - | [
"Discussion of 4-8 experts in front of audience",
"Discussion between 6-12 members",
"Series of four or more meetings",
"Series of speeches on given subject"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Series of four or more meetings Group approach in health communication1) Chalk and Talk (Lecture)o It is a carefully prepared oral presentation of facts organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person. The chalk lends the visual component.o The group should not be more than 30 and the talk should n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 years old female patient presents with essential hypertension. She was started on ramipril, furosemide and aspirin. 2 weeks later she presented with well controlled blood pressure but developed persistent dry cough. The alteration that has to be done for her cough without affecting her controlled blood pressure is | [
"Replace aspirin with clopidogrel",
"Replace all the drugs with beta blockers",
"Replace furosemide with other diuretics",
"Replace ramipril with other angiotensin receptor blockers like valsartan."
] | D | Answer: d) Replace ramipril with other angiotensin receptor blockers like valsartan (HARRISON 19TH ED, P-1623)HYPERTENSION TREATMENT GUIDELINES (CMDT 2015) Persons < 55 years and not blackPersons > 55 years or blackStep 1ACE inhibitor or ARBCalcium channel blocker (CCB) - preferred Thiazide like diuretic - if CCB is no... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Molecular size of proteins is assessed by | [
"Sedimentation",
"Absorption mass spectroscopy",
"Lyophilization",
"Salting out"
] | B | Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very sensitive quantitative analytixal technique used to measure a wide range of clinically relevant analysis.MS identifies molecules based on their mass or molecular size. A sample is vapourized sucj that positive charge is produced on the molecule.Electrical field is applied, so that paicl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which case homologus aificial insemination is used in females : | [
"Hormonal disturbances",
"Tubal block",
"Cervical factor",
"All of the above"
] | C | Cervical factor | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about superior oblique origin and inseion? | [
"Originate from common tendinous ring and inseed into sclera behind the equator",
"Originate from the body of sphenoid and inseed into the sclera behind the equator",
"Originate from lesser wing of sphenoid and inseed into sclera in front of equator",
"Originate from greater wing of sphenoid and inseed into s... | B | Superior Oblique muscle: Origin : from body of sphenoid (superomedial to optic canal - opening in lesser wing of sphenoid ) Inseion - Sclera of the eyeball posterior to equator of eyeball Trochlea gives trochlear nerve supplying S.O.M Actions of S.O.M: depression, abduction & intorsion | train | med_mcqa | null |
A female comes with normal breast development but scanty pubic hair. What is the most likely diagnosis ? | [
"Turner's syndrome",
"Testicular feminizing syndrome",
"Mullerian agenesis",
"Gonadal dysgenesis"
] | B | Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), formerly known as testicular feminization, is an X-linked recessive condition resulting in a failure of normal masculinization of the external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals. Adolescent patients have no pubic and axillary hair, with otherwise scanty body hair, and lac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Through which of the foramen mandibular division of trigeminal nerve passes through: | [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | A | Ans. A. (A)Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve passes through foramen ovale; which is situated in between foramen rotundum & foramen spinosumForamenStructures passing through foramen1.Foramen rotundumMaxillary nerve2.Foramen ovaleM: Mandibular nerveA: Accessory meningeal arteryL: Lesser petrosal nerveE: Emissary ve... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Name the intrauterine contraceptive device: | [
"CuT 200",
"Multiload 375",
"CuT 380A",
"LNG-IUS"
] | B | Above image is of Multiload-375 -- Device is available in a sterilized sealed packet with an applicator. There is no introducer and no plunger. It has 375 mm2 surface area of copper wire wound around its veical stem. Replacement is every 5 years. | train | med_mcqa | null |
child rolls over by ? | [
"3 months",
"5 months",
"7 months",
"8 months"
] | B | O.P. Ghai 7th ed, page7 Achild rolls over by 5 months | train | med_mcqa | null |
ApoB is related to all EXCEPT: | [
"HDL",
"LDL",
"VLDL",
"Chylomicrons"
] | A | ApoB-100 is associated with LDL and VLDL whereas apoB-48 is associated with chylomicrons | train | med_mcqa | null |
The cohesive gold used as a bulk filler is | [
"Electra alloy",
"Mat gold",
"spherical gold",
"gold foil"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Goblet cells are seen in | [
"Cornea",
"Conjunctiva",
"Retina",
"All the above"
] | B | Goblet cells are highly specialized epithelial cells that produce mucin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A dead body is having cadaveric lividity of bluish green colour. The most likely cause of death is by poisoning due to: | [
"Hydrocyanic acid",
"Hydrogen sulphide",
"Oleander",
"Sodium nitrite"
] | B | Colour of post-moem staining in poisoning- 1) Dark brown or yellow- Phosphorus or acute copper poisoning, 2) Cherry red- CO & Cold storage, 3) Bluish-green- H2S, 4) Bright red- HCN/ Cyanides, 5) Chocolate/Red-brown coloured- Nitrites/Nitrates, aniline, Nitrobenzene, Acetanilide, Bromates, Chlorates (due to formation of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true statements EXCEPT: | [
"Sirolimus acts by inhibiting the action of 1L-2",
"Tacrolimus inhibits calcineurin pathway",
"Mycophenolate acts by inhibiting GMP dehydrogenase",
"Cyclosporince is an integeral component of transplant rejection regimen"
] | C | Tacrolimus (FK506)- It is a newer immunosup- pressant chemically different from cyclosporine, but having the same mechanism of action, and is -100 times more potent. It binds to a different cytoplasmic immunophilin protein labelled 'FKBP', but the subsequent steps are the same, i.e. inhibition of helper T cells calcine... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sun burst appearance of skull not seen in | [
"Paget's disease",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Metastasis due to neuroblastoma",
"Hemangioma"
] | A | Sun burst appearance: Osteosarcoma Ewing's sarcoma Metastasis of prostate, breast cancer Neuroblastoma Hemangioma Meningioma Paget's disease-cotton wool skull ,osteoporosis circumscripta | train | med_mcqa | null |
Polyglycolic acid suture material ("Vicryl") is a / an | [
"Absorbable natural suture",
"Absorbable synthetic suture",
"Non-absorbable natural suture",
"Non-absorbable synthetic suture"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adamantinoma usually arise from ? | [
"Dental lamina",
"Endodermal tissue",
"Periapical tissue",
"Odotogenic tissue"
] | D | Answer- D. Odotogenic tissueAmeloblastoma (adamantinoma) : It is a locally aggressive tumour that arises from the odontogenic tissue and invades the maxillary sinus. Treatment is surgical excision | train | med_mcqa | null |
Advantage of MRI : | [
"Calcification best seen",
"CSF hypointense on T1 & hyperintense on T2",
"Best to visualise vascular structures",
"Best to differentiate benign/ malignant pulmonary nodule"
] | C | MRI is better to visualise the vascular structures compared to CT. CT is better for calcifications than MRI. CT is better in differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary nodule. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which group has similar kind of epithelium | [
"Alveoli - Olfactory epithelium",
"Olfactory epithelium -skin",
"Oesophagus - urinary bladder",
"Lung alveoli - Bowman's capsule"
] | D | D i.e. Lung alveoli -Browman's capsule | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antrum of Highmore is? | [
"Maxillary",
"Ethmoid",
"Sphenoid",
"Frontal"
] | A | The antrum of Highmore is maxillary sinus. It is the largest of paranasal sinuses and occupies the body of the maxilla. (Reference: Textbook of PL Dhingra and Shruti Dhingra; 7th edition, pg no. 209) | train | med_mcqa | null |
A farmer present with multiple discharging sinuses in the leg not responding to antibiotics. Most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Madurella",
"Actinomycetoma",
"Nocardia",
"Sporothrix"
] | A | Ans. (a) Madurella Actinomycetoma, usually responds to antibiotics. Treatment of Mycetonra Actinomycetoma Eumycetoma Prolonged combination chemotherapy, e.g. with streptomycin and either dapsone or cotrimoxazole, cotrimoxazole + amikacin Rarely responds to chemotherapy, some cases caused by Madurella mycetomatic respon... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about residual volume- | [
"Volume of air in lung after normal inspiration",
"Volume of air in lung after maximum inspiration",
"Volume of air in lung after normal expiration",
"Volume of air in lung after maximum expiration"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Volume of air in lung after maximum expiration * Residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.Respiratory Volumes and Capacities for an Average Young Adult Male MeasurementTypical valueDefinition Respiratory volumes1.Tidal volume (TV)500 mlAmount of air inhal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
During unwinding of DNA, relief of supercoil is made possible by | [
"Topoisomerase",
"Gyrase",
"Helicase",
"Polymerase"
] | A | During unwinding of DNA, relief of supercoil is made possible by Topoisomerase DNA helicase unwinds the DNA without cutting but using energy from hydrolysis of ATP. Gyrase is a bacterial type II topoisomerase which acts on closed circular DNA (bacteria have circular DNA). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bennett angle is measured on the | [
"Working side",
"Balancing side",
"Lateral side",
"Medial side"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25-years old male patient presents with pigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa and intestinal polyps. His sister also gives the same history. Most probable diagnosis is: | [
"Carcinoid tumor",
"Melanoma",
"Villous adenoma",
"Peutz-Jegher's syndrome"
] | D | Peutz-Jegher's syndrome - Multiple hamaomatous polyps in S.I - M/C pa - Jejunum- Gene- LDB-1 / STK-11 - 19p- Hyper melanotic macules over Lips &Buccal mucosa - Does not |risk of colorectal cancer- | risk of S.I. malignancy- | risk of- Breast - Thyroid- Pancreas (max risk)- Endometrial - Seoli cell tumor of testis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inferior rib notching is seen in | [
"Coarctation of aoa",
"Rickets",
"ASD",
"Multiple myeloma"
] | A | A i.e. Coarctation of aoa Inferior rib notching in coarctation of aoa is d/t pressure erosion of intercostal aeriesQ It usually takes several years to develop, so is unusual before 10 years of age. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child was diagnosed of having rheumatic fever. She is allergic to penicillin. Which of the following agent can be used for secondary prophylaxis in this child? | [
"Erythromycin",
"Clindamycin",
"Vancomycin",
"Gentamicin"
] | A | The best antibiotic for secondary prophylaxis is benzathine penicillin G (1.2 million units, or 600,000 units if 27 kg) delivered every 4 weeks. It can be given every 3 weeks, or even every 2 weeks, to persons considered to be at paicularly high risk. Oral penicillin V (250 mg) can be given twice-daily instead but is s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stones in the distal portion of Wharton’s duct are best visualized by: | [
"Standard mandibular occlusal view",
"Lateral oblique view of the mandible",
"Panoramic film",
"IOPA radiograph"
] | A | Typically, the occlusal radiograph is useful in the following cases:
To locate precisely roots and supernumerary, unerupted, and impacted teeth (this technique is especially useful for impacted canines and third molars).
To localize foreign bodies in the jaws and stones in the ducts of sublingual and submandibular gla... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False regarding sparrow foot marks | [
"Also called as dicing injuries",
"Multiple incised wounds on the face",
"Due to shattering of windscreen glass",
"Relatively superficial"
] | B | SPARROW FOOTMARKS ARE SHO LINEAR LACERATIONS ON THE FACE. Sparrow foot marks - Also called as dicing injuries - Multiple sho linear, punctate lacerations on the face - Due to shattering of windscreen glass with blunt edges - Relatively superficial injury - Thin pieces of windscreen glass may be embedded in the wounds o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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