text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Sir Reginald John Ayres, KBE, CB (22 April 1900 – 25 June 1966) was a British civil servant.
Biography
Born in 1900, aged 15 Ayres joined the Admiralty as a boy clerk, before joining the armed forces in 1918; he left as a Sergeant in 1920 and joined the Ministry of Labour as an executive officer. In 1942, he joined the Ministry of Fuel and Power as Deputy Accountant General. He became Under Secretary for Finance and Accountant General in 1950 and Deputy Secretary in 1950, before retiring in 1961. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946), a Commander (CBE) in 1949 and Knight Commander (KBE) in 1958; he was also a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). In the inter-war period, Ayres's work with the Ministry of Labour in the north-east of England brought him into contact with unemployed miners and their families, which stimulated what The Times called his "deep devotion to the coal industry"; he served as a part-time member of the National Coal Board after retiring from the civil service. His time at the Ministry of Fuel and Power in the 1940s was concerned with nationalising the coal industry - overseeing fuel policy thereafter. The Times wrote that "it was all too easy to assume, on first acquaintance, that he was a solid, strong, reliable, experienced and shrewd civil servant, and nothing more. In fact ... he was an original thinking and inspiring leader ... his whole career was a fine example of public service in the best sense". In 1922, he married Rosalie Smelt and they had four children: two sons and two daughters. He died on 25 June 1966.
Likenesses
Obituary in The Times (London), 29 June 1966, p. 14.
References
1900 births
1966 deaths
British civil servants
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Civil servants in the Ministry of Labour
Civil servants in the Ministry of Power |
The Marine Corps Air-Ground Museum was located at Brown Field, Marine Corps Base Quantico, Quantico, Virginia. It housed a wide variety of historic Marine Corps vehicles/tanks (both wheeled and tracked), equipment, artillery pieces and aircraft (both fixed wing (airplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters)) to trace the evolution and significance of the Marine Air-Ground Team. It also contained several pieces of foreign equipment, such as a Soviet SU-76M self-propelled howitzer. The museum closed on November 15, 2002, during the establishment of the National Museum of the Marine Corps.
History
The museum initially opened on May 6, 1978, as the Marine Corps Aviation Museum and eventually became the Marine Corps Air-Ground Museum in the mid-1980s as the collection expanded beyond aviation assets. The museum began in two aircraft hangars and added a third in 1990.
See also
History of the United States Marine Corps
Marine Corps Base Quantico
Marine Corps Museums
Notes
External links
United States Marine Corps Air/Ground Museum. Information from Aviation Enthusiast Corner website.
Defunct museums in Virginia
Marine Corps museums in the United States
Museums in Prince William County, Virginia
Museums established in 1978
Museums disestablished in 2002 |
River Wild is an American thriller film released in 2023.
River Wild may also refer to:
The River Wild, an American thriller film released in 1994
Open Heaven / River Wild, 2015 album by Hillsong Worship
See also
Wild river (disambiguation) |
The Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) is the Earth's largest continental large igneous province, covering an area of roughly 11 million km2. It is composed mainly of basalt that formed before Pangaea broke up in the Mesozoic Era, near the end of the Triassic and the beginning of the Jurassic periods. The subsequent breakup of Pangaea created the Atlantic Ocean, but the massive igneous upwelling provided a legacy of basaltic dikes, sills, and lavas now spread over a vast area around the present central North Atlantic Ocean, including large deposits in northwest Africa, southwest Europe, as well as northeast South America and southeast North America (found as continental tholeiitic basalts in subaerial flows and intrusive bodies). The name and CAMP acronym were proposed by Andrea Marzoli (Marzoli et al. 1999) and adopted at a symposium held at the 1999 Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union.
The CAMP volcanic eruptions occurred about 201 million years ago and split into four pulses lasting for over ~600,000 years. The resulting large igneous province is, in area covered, the most extensive on Earth. The volume of magma flow of between two and six million cubic kilometres makes it one of the most voluminous as well.
This geologic event is associated with the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event.
Connected magma flows
Although some connections among these basalts had long been recognized, in 1988 they were linked as constituting a single major flood basalt province. The basaltic sills of similar age (near 200 Ma, or earliest Jurassic) and composition (intermediate-Ti quartz tholeiite) which occur across the vast Amazon River basin of Brazil were linked to the province in 1999. Remnants of CAMP have been identified on four continents (Africa, Europe, North America and South America) and consist of tholeiitic basalts formed during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean basin during the breakup of the Pangean supercontinent.
Geographical extent
The province has been described as extending within Pangaea from present-day central Brazil northeastward about across western Africa, Iberia, and northwestern France, and from the interior of western Africa westward for through eastern and southern North America. If not the largest province by volume, the CAMP certainly encompasses the greatest area known, roughly , of any continental large igneous province.
Nearly all CAMP rocks are tholeiitic in composition, with widely separated areas where basalt flows are preserved, as well as large groups of diabase (dolerite) sills or sheets, small lopoliths, and dikes throughout the province. Dikes occur in very large individual swarms with particular compositions and orientations. CAMP activity is apparently related to the rifting and breakup of Pangaea during the Late Triassic through Early Jurassic periods, and the enormous province size, varieties of basalt, and brief time span of CAMP magmatism invite speculation about mantle processes that could produce such a magmatic event as well as rift a supercontinent.
Connection with the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and the associated mass extinction event
In 2013 the CAMP's connection to the end-Triassic extinction, with major extinctions that enabled dinosaur domination of land, became more firmly established. Until 2013, the uncertainties in the geochronologic dates had been too coarse to confirm that the volcanic eruptions were correlated with major climate changes. The work by Blackburn et al. demonstrated a tight synchroneity between the earliest volcanism and extinction of large populations using zircon uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating. They further demonstrated that the magmatic eruptions as well as the accompanying atmospheric changes were split into four pulses lasting for over ~600,000 years.
Before that integration, two hypotheses were in debate. One hypothesis was based especially on studies on Triassic-Jurassic basins from Morocco where CAMP lava flows are outcropping, whereas the other was based on end-Triassic extinction data from eastern North American basins and lava flows showing an extremely large turnover in fossil pollen, spores (sporomorphs), and vertebrates, respectively.
Morocco
The thickest lava flow sequences of the African CAMP are in Morocco, where there are basaltic lava piles more than 300 metres thick. The most-studied area is Central High Atlas, where the best preserved and most complete basaltic lava piles are exposed. According to geochemical, petrographic and isotopic data four distinct tholeiitic basaltic units were recognized and can be placed throughout the Central High Atlas: Lower, Intermediate, Upper and Recurrent basalts.
The Lower and Intermediate units are constituted by basaltic andesites, whereas the Upper and Recurrent units have basaltic composition. From Lower to Recurrent unit, we observe:
a progressive decrease of eruption rate (the Lower and the Intermediate units represent over 80% of preserved lava volume);
a trend going from intersertal to porphyritic texture;
a progressive depletion of incompatible element contents in the basalts, possibly linked to a progressive depletion of their mantle source.
Isotopic analyses
Ages were determined by 40Ar/39Ar analysis on plagioclase. These data show indistinguishable ages (199.5±0.5 Ma) from Lower to Upper lava flows, from central to northern Morocco. Therefore, CAMP was an intense, short magmatic event. Basalts of the Recurrent unit are slightly younger (mean age: 197±1 Ma) and represent a late event. Consistently, the Upper and Recurrent basalts are separated by a sedimentary layer that locally reaches a thickness of circa 80 m.
Magnetostratigraphy
According to magnetostratigraphic data, the Moroccan CAMP events were divided into five groups, differing in paleomagnetic orientations (declination and inclination). Each group is composed by a smaller number of lava flows (i.e., a lower volume) than the preceding one. These data suggest that they were created by five short magma pulses and eruption events, each one possibly <400 (?) years long. All lava flow sequences are characterized by normal polarity, except for a brief paleomagnetic reversal yielded by one lava flow and by a localized interlayered limestone in two distinct section of the High Atlas CAMP.
Palynological analyses
Palynological data from sedimentary layers samples at the base of four lava flow sequences constrain the onset of the CAMP, since there is no evidence of depositional hiatus or tectonic deformation at the bottom of the lava flow piles. The palynological assemblage observed in these basal layers is typical of Late Triassic age, similar to that of the uppermost Triassic sedimentary rocks of eastern North America. Samples from interlayered limestone in lava flows provided unreliable palynological data. One limestone bed from the top to the central High Atlas upper basalts yielded a Late Triassic palynological assemblage. However, the observed sporomorphs in this sample are rare and poorly preserved.
Conclusions
All of these data indicate that the basaltic lava flows of the Central Atlantic magmatic province in Morocco were erupted at c. 200 Ma and spanned the Tr-J boundary. Thus, it is very possible that there is a connection between this magmatic event and the Tr-J boundary climatic and biotic crisis that led to the mass-extinction.
Eastern North America
The North American portion of the CAMP lava flows crop out in various sections in the basins of Newark, Culpeper, Hartford, Deerfield, i.e. the Newark Supergroup in New England (USA), and in the Fundy Basin in Nova Scotia (Canada). The CAMP is here constituted by rare olivine- and common quartz-normative basalts showing a great lateral extension and a maximum thickness up to 1 km. The basaltic flows occur on top of continental fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary units of Triassic age. 40Ar/39Ar data (on plagioclase) indicate for these basaltic units an absolute age of 198-200 Ma bringing this magmatic event undoubtedly close to the Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary. Thus it is necessary to determine whether it straddles the boundary or not: if not, then the CAMP could not be a cause of the Late Triassic extinction event. For example, according to there are palynological, geochemical, and magnetostratigraphic evidences that the CAMP postdates the Tr-J boundary.
Magnetostratigraphy
In the Newark Basin, a magnetic reversal (E23r) is observed just below the oldest basalts and more or less in the same position as a palynologic turnover, interpreted as the Tr-J boundary. In Morocco, two reversals have been detected in two lava flow sequences. Two distinct correlations between the Moroccan and the Newark magnetostratigraphy have been proposed. suggest that the Tr-J boundary is located above the lower reverse polarity level which is positioned more or less at the base of the Intermediate basalt unit of Morocco. These two levels can be correlated with chron E23r of the Newark Basin, therefore the North American CAMP Basalts postdate the Tr–J boundary whereas part of the Moroccan CAMP was erupted within the Triassic. Contrarily, propose that these two levels could be earliest Jurassic intervals of reverse polarity not sampled in the Newark Basin Sequence (many more lava flows are present in the Moroccan Succession than in the Newark Basin), but observed in Early Jurassic sedimentary sequences of the Paris Basin of France. Reverse polarity intervals in America could be present within North Mountain (Fundy basin, Nova Scotia) which are poorly sampled even if previous magnetostratigraphy analysis in this sequence showed only normal polarity, or in the Scots Bay Member of the Fundy basin which have never been sampled. There is only one outcrop in the CAMP of America where reverse polarity is observable: a CAMP–related (about 200 Ma) dike in North Carolina. suggest that reverse polarity intervals in this dike could be of post Triassic age and correlated with the same events in Morocco.
Palynological analyses
The Tr-J boundary is not officially defined, but most workers recognise it in continental strata by the last appearance of index taxa such as Ovalipollis ovalis, Vallasporites ignatii and Patinasporites densus or, in marine sections, by the first appearance of the ammonite Psiloceras planorbis. In the Newark basin the palynological turnover event (hence the Tr-J boundary mass extinction) occurs below the oldest CAMP lava flows. The same can be said for the Fundy, Hartford and Deerfield Basins. In the investigated Moroccan CAMP sections (Central High Atlas Basin), sedimentary layers sampled immediately below the oldest basaltic lava flows, apparently contain Triassic taxa (e.g., P. densus), and were thus defined as Triassic in age as at least the lowest lava flows . Still, a different interpretation is suggested by : the sampled sedimentary strata are quite deformed and this can mean that some sedimentary units could be lacking (eroded or structurally omitted). With respect to the Triassic pollens found in some sedimentary units above the Upper Unit basalts, they could have been reworked, so they don’t represent a completely reliable constraint.
Geochemical analyses
CAMP lava flows of North America can be geochemically separated in three units: the older ones are classified as high titanium quartz normative (HTQ) basalts (TiO2 = 1.0-1.3 wt%); these are followed by lava flows classified as low titanium quartz normative (LTQ) basalts (TiO2 = ca. 0.8-1.3 wt%); and then by the youngest lava flow unit classified as high titanium iron quartz normative (HTIQ) basalts (TiO2 = 1.4-1.6 wt%). According to , geochemical analyses based upon titanium, magnesium and silicon contents show a certain correlation between the lower North American lava flows and the Lower Unit of the Moroccan CAMP, thus reinforcing the conclusion that the Moroccan basalts postdate the Tr-J boundary.
Therefore, according to these data, CAMP basalts shouldn’t be included among the direct causes of the Tr-J mass extinction.
References
Bibliography
External links
The CAMP website
Map of a small portion of the province
Large igneous provinces
Jurassic volcanism
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
Plate tectonics
Igneous petrology |
Barbara Stok (born 24 February 1970, Groningen) is a Dutch cartoonist, best known for her graphic novel Vincent.
Biography and work
Much of Stok's work is autobiographical; she began drawing comics in the 1990s and self-published Barbaraal, a series of books set in Groningen, often in and around Vera, a center for underground rock music. She never attended an art or design school, wary that she might lose her personal style. Her 2003 graphic novel Je geld of je leven ("Your money or your life") deals with her work as a journalist and the burn-out that followed it. The autobiographical compilation Dan maak je maar zin, deals with the death of the author/main character's brother-in-law and probes the meaning of life. She won the 2009 Stripschapprijs for her oeuvre.
Also in 2009, Stok was commissioned by publishing company Nijgh & Van Ditmar and the Van Gogh Museum to write and draw a book on Van Gogh. Her Vincent is a graphic novel depicting Vincent van Gogh's years in and around Arles; it is translated into a number of languages including English. James Smart, in The Guardian, praised it as "a vibrant, sad account of Van Gogh's move to Arles and his struggle with mental illness". That same year she was given a weekly slot in the national daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Dutch comics artists
Dutch female comics artists
Dutch comic strip cartoonists
People from Groningen (city)
Winners of the Stripschapsprijs
Dutch women cartoonists
Dutch graphic novelists |
Harmon Beasley Rowe (August 22, 1923 – January 26, 2002) was an American football player who played at the defensive back and halfback positions.
A native of Livingston, Texas, he played college football for the Baylor Bears and San Francisco Dons. He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the third round (18th overall pick) of the 1946 NFL Draft. He played professional football in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for the New York Yankees from 1947 to 1949 and in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants from 1950 to 1952. He appeared in a total of 59 AAFC and NFL games and tallied 11 interceptions for 162 yards.
References
1923 births
2002 deaths
New York Yankees (AAFC) players
New York Giants players
Baylor Bears football players
San Francisco Dons football players
Players of American football from Texas |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: false
require 'forwardable'
require_relative '../parseexception'
require_relative 'baseparser'
require_relative '../xmltokens'
module REXML
module Parsers
# = Using the Pull Parser
# <em>This API is experimental, and subject to change.</em>
# parser = PullParser.new( "<a>text<b att='val'/>txet</a>" )
# while parser.has_next?
# res = parser.next
# puts res[1]['att'] if res.start_tag? and res[0] == 'b'
# end
# See the PullEvent class for information on the content of the results.
# The data is identical to the arguments passed for the various events to
# the StreamListener API.
#
# Notice that:
# parser = PullParser.new( "<a>BAD DOCUMENT" )
# while parser.has_next?
# res = parser.next
# raise res[1] if res.error?
# end
#
# Nat Price gave me some good ideas for the API.
class PullParser
include XMLTokens
extend Forwardable
def_delegators( :@parser, :has_next? )
def_delegators( :@parser, :entity )
def_delegators( :@parser, :empty? )
def_delegators( :@parser, :source )
def initialize stream
@entities = {}
@listeners = nil
@parser = BaseParser.new( stream )
@my_stack = []
end
def add_listener( listener )
@listeners = [] unless @listeners
@listeners << listener
end
def each
while has_next?
yield self.pull
end
end
def peek depth=0
if @my_stack.length <= depth
(depth - @my_stack.length + 1).times {
e = PullEvent.new(@parser.pull)
@my_stack.push(e)
}
end
@my_stack[depth]
end
def pull
return @my_stack.shift if @my_stack.length > 0
event = @parser.pull
case event[0]
when :entitydecl
@entities[ event[1] ] =
event[2] unless event[2] =~ /PUBLIC|SYSTEM/
when :text
unnormalized = @parser.unnormalize( event[1], @entities )
event << unnormalized
end
PullEvent.new( event )
end
def unshift token
@my_stack.unshift token
end
end
# A parsing event. The contents of the event are accessed as an +Array?,
# and the type is given either by the ...? methods, or by accessing the
# +type+ accessor. The contents of this object vary from event to event,
# but are identical to the arguments passed to +StreamListener+s for each
# event.
class PullEvent
# The type of this event. Will be one of :tag_start, :tag_end, :text,
# :processing_instruction, :comment, :doctype, :attlistdecl, :entitydecl,
# :notationdecl, :entity, :cdata, :xmldecl, or :error.
def initialize(arg)
@contents = arg
end
def []( start, endd=nil)
if start.kind_of? Range
@contents.slice( start.begin+1 .. start.end )
elsif start.kind_of? Numeric
if endd.nil?
@contents.slice( start+1 )
else
@contents.slice( start+1, endd )
end
else
raise "Illegal argument #{start.inspect} (#{start.class})"
end
end
def event_type
@contents[0]
end
# Content: [ String tag_name, Hash attributes ]
def start_element?
@contents[0] == :start_element
end
# Content: [ String tag_name ]
def end_element?
@contents[0] == :end_element
end
# Content: [ String raw_text, String unnormalized_text ]
def text?
@contents[0] == :text
end
# Content: [ String text ]
def instruction?
@contents[0] == :processing_instruction
end
# Content: [ String text ]
def comment?
@contents[0] == :comment
end
# Content: [ String name, String pub_sys, String long_name, String uri ]
def doctype?
@contents[0] == :start_doctype
end
# Content: [ String text ]
def attlistdecl?
@contents[0] == :attlistdecl
end
# Content: [ String text ]
def elementdecl?
@contents[0] == :elementdecl
end
# Due to the wonders of DTDs, an entity declaration can be just about
# anything. There's no way to normalize it; you'll have to interpret the
# content yourself. However, the following is true:
#
# * If the entity declaration is an internal entity:
# [ String name, String value ]
# Content: [ String text ]
def entitydecl?
@contents[0] == :entitydecl
end
# Content: [ String text ]
def notationdecl?
@contents[0] == :notationdecl
end
# Content: [ String text ]
def entity?
@contents[0] == :entity
end
# Content: [ String text ]
def cdata?
@contents[0] == :cdata
end
# Content: [ String version, String encoding, String standalone ]
def xmldecl?
@contents[0] == :xmldecl
end
def error?
@contents[0] == :error
end
def inspect
@contents[0].to_s + ": " + @contents[1..-1].inspect
end
end
end
end
``` |
Euurobracon yokahamae is a species of wasp in the family Braconidae. It was described by Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre in 1898.
Distribution
This species is distributed in Eastern Asia, Laos, Thailand and India.
References
Insects described in 1898
Hymenoptera of Asia
Braconidae |
Maurice Richard "Dick" Severino (November 17, 1919 – August 28, 2005) was an American bobsledder who competed in the 1950s. He finished ninth in the four-man event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.
Severino also served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II and then in the United States Air Force Reserve, rising to the rank of colonel. Born in New York City and raised in Saratoga Springs, New York, he graduated from Saratoga Springs High School and then attended Cornell University, playing football for both. When the United States entered World War II, Severino enlisted as an Army aviation cadet. He earned his bachelor's degree in engineering in 1942 and his officer's commission in October 1943. Severino then served thirteen months in Guam with the 315th Bombardment Wing. He was released from active duty in August 1946.
During the Korean War, Severino was recalled to active duty in the Air Force in May 1951. Sent to Europe, he was able to participate in the 1952 Winter Olympic games. He was later selected as pilot of the No. 2 United States four-man sled for the 1958 World Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. In total, he piloted U.S. two- and four-man sleds six times in World Championship events.
In later life, Severino became a golf journalist and photographer. He died at Albany Medical Center after suffering a stroke.
References
1952 bobsleigh four-man results
United States Air Force Memorial Foundation featuring Severino.
1919 births
2005 deaths
People from Saratoga Springs, New York
Cornell Big Red football players
Military personnel from New York (state)
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
United States Army officers
United States Air Force reservists
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War
American male bobsledders
Olympic bobsledders for the United States
Bobsledders at the 1952 Winter Olympics
United States Air Force colonels
American photojournalists |
William Barr Borland (21 August 1888 – 25 September 1915) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half in the Football League for Fulham.
Personal life
Borland enlisted in the British Army in October 1914, during the First World War. He served as a private in the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders and was killed on the opening day of the Battle of Loos on 25 September 1915. He is commemorated on the Loos Memorial.
Career statistics
References
1888 births
1915 deaths
Footballers from East Ayrshire
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football wing halves
Darvel F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
English Football League players
British Army personnel of World War I
British military personnel killed in World War I
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders soldiers
Galston F.C. players
People from Darvel |
Yundola Cove (, ) is a 1.34 km wide cove indenting for 670 m the north coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica west of Lavrenov Point. The feature is named after Yundola Saddle between Rila Mountain and the Rhodope Mountains in southern Bulgaria.
Location
The cove is located at (Bulgarian mapping in 2009).
Map
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Yundola Cove. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Yundola Cove. Copernix satellite image
Coves of Robert Island
Bulgaria and the Antarctic |
Wolfgang von Wersin (3 December 188213 June 1976) was a Czech-born designer, painter, architect and author who developed his career in Germany.
Born in Prague, he studied architecture at the Technische University of Munich (19011904) and, in parallel (1902 to 1905), he also studied drawing and painting at the Lehr- und Versuch-Atelier für Angewandte und Freie Kunst ("Teaching and Experimental Atelier for Applied and Free Art"), a reform oriented art school in the same city. Then, from 1906 onwards, after he completed his military service, became a tutor there. His constant collaborator and eventual wife, the German printmaker and draughtswoman Herthe Schöpp (1888–1971), met him as his pupil. In 1909 he began working as a designer for numerous firms, including the Behr furniture factory and the Meissen porcelain manufacturers. In 1929, he assumed the directorship of the Neue Sammlung established in Munich in 1925, the department for artisan art at the National Museum – and remained there until his illegal dismissal by the national socialists in 1934.
In 1956 he wrote The Book of Rectangles, Spatial Law and Gestures of The Orthogons Described, in which he describes a set of 12 dynamic rectangles he calls orthogons.
Style
Wersin's early designs are characterized by East-Asian forms; however, he eventually developed a style free of any kind clear of influence (including rural folk art) and achieved a timelessly classical style of great objectivity, revealed above all in articles for everyday use, such as porcelain, glass, tableware fabric and wallpaper.
Orthogon information
Wolfgang Von Wersin's book about the Orthogons gives detailed information about how to construct and use a special set of 12 inter-related rectangles to create a design. They are similar to what Jay Hambidge called dynamic rectangles. The set of 12 Orthogons is determined by expanding a square through a series of arcs and cross-points until another square is formed on top, an exact duplication of the original square.
Wersin also explains in the book how Orthogons can be detected and used in architecture, ceramics, furniture and works of art.
The value of using Orthogons is explained in an excerpt that includes an extraordinary copy of text from the year 1558 (Renaissance). Diagrams of seven of the 12 orthogons are accompanied by a passage from the 1558 text cautioning that careful attention be given as the "ancient" architects believed "nothing excels these proportions" as "a thing of the purest abstraction."
One of the orthogons, the hemidiagon, is apparent in the designs of synagogues in ancient Galilee. Mathematical ratios and another source for the term Orthogon:
A well-known Orthogon, the Auron (golden rectangle), has been employed to create a range of designs from posters and chapels (Mies van der Rohe), to chairs. and glassware
The Auron is related to musical harmony, in that the golden ratio is among the most dissonant musical intervals, and is also included in discussions on sacred architecture and sacred geometry as well as information regarding dynamic symmetry and aesthetics.
According to Von Wersin, "The Orthogons are without exception root figures and are all irrational numbers. The calculations for measure relations of the Orthogons are based, without exception, on the Pythagorean doctrine." Examples of these root figure relations are: the Diagon relation is 1: square root of 2, the Sixton is 1: square root of 3 and the Doppelquadrat is 1: square root of 4.
Mathematical ratios for all twelve Orthogons:
Ratios for all twelve Orthogons:
Quadrat 1:1 – Hemidiagon 1:1.118 – Trion 1:1.154 – Quadriagon 1:1.207 – Biauron 1:1.236 – Penton 1:1.376 –
Diagon 1:1.414 – Bipenton 1:1.46 – Hemiolion 1:1.5 – Auron 1:1.618 – Sixton 1:1.732 – Doppelquadrat 1:2
(Quadrat is the German word for square, and Doppelquadrat for double square.)
See also
Aesthetics
Auron
Golden rectangle
Golden section
Phi (letter)
Logarithmic spiral
Fibonacci number
Sacred architecture
Religious art
Dynamic symmetry
Giorgio Morandi
Georges Braque
Vitruvian Man
De architectura
Square root of 2
Square root of 3
Square root of 4
Square root of 5
Sources
Albrecht Dürer, Of the Just Shaping of Letters, From the Applied Geometry of Albrecht Dürer Book; Dover Publications, NY, NY.
Keith Critchlow, Order in Space: A Design Source Book; 1970, Viking, NY, NY.
Kimberly Elam, Geometry of Design: Studies in Proportion and Composition; 2001, Princeton Architectural Press, NY, NY.
Jay Hambidge, The Elements of Dynamic Symmetry; 1967, Dover Publications, NY, NY.
Hemenway, Priya; Divine Proportion, Phi in Art, Nature and Science; 2005, Sterling Publishing Co., Inc, NY, NY.
Michael S. Schneider, A Beginner's Guide to Constructing the Universe: Mathematical Archetypes of Nature, Art, and Science; 1994, Harper Paperbacks.
Alfred Ziffer; Wolfgang Von Wersin 1882–1976 Vom Kunstgewerbe zur Industrieform; 1991 Klinkhardt & Biermann, Munchen, Germany.
References
1882 births
1976 deaths
20th-century German painters
20th-century male artists
Architects from Prague
20th-century German architects
German male painters
German male writers
Sacred geometry
Technical University of Munich alumni |
Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy (5 February 1924 – 2 June 2014) was an Indian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in the Roman Curia and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985. His episcopical motto was Aedificare domum Dei which means "To build the house of God". He was the fourth cardinal from India and the first curial cardinal of Asia outside of the Middle East.
Biography
Lourdusamy was born in Kalleri (Archdiocese of Pondicherry), Tamil Nadu state, India, as the seventh of twelve children of Annamarie (aka Matharasi) and Duraisamy Simeon. Lourdusamy was the elder brother of priest and theologian D. S. Amalorpavadass, who was killed in an automobile accident while travelling from Mysore to Bangalore. The two of them played a significant part in the implementation of Vatican II Council reforms in India and leading others to do the same.
He enjoyed a close relationship with Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul I, and most especially, with Pope John Paul II and his fellow curial cardinal Joseph Ratzinger and future Pope Benedict XVI. John XXIII elevated him to the episcopal ranks and appointed him to the See of Bangalore, Pope Paul VI invited him to Rome to serve the Universal Church from 1971. Cardinal Lourdusamy also worked with Pope John Paul I as Secretary of the Congregation for Evangelization of Peoples. The Cardinal worked very closely with John Paul II for 26 years in various capacities, and he served as Prefect of the Oriental Churches alongside Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) who was the Prefect of the Congregation for Doctrine of Faith.
He had his early education at St. Ann's in Tindivanam. Then he finished his high school studies at St. Joseph Higher School of Cuddalore; then he entered St. Agnes's Minor Seminary in Cuddalore, and completed major seminary education in Philosophy and Theology at St. Peter's Pontifical Seminary, Bangalore from 1946 to 1951.
He was ordained to the priesthood on 21 December 1951 at Seven Dolours Church, Tindivanam, Pondicherry by Archbishop Auguste-Siméon Colas, MEP, the Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore. 1951–1952, pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Pondicherry.
After studying further at Loyola College in Madras (1952–1953), he was sent to Rome to pursue higher studies in the area of Canon Law at the Pontifical Urbaniana University (1953–1956), from where he obtained a doctorate. He obtained 100% in all of his exams in canon law studies, something which had never occurred in other Roman universities. He plays the piano, and has composed the music for devotional songs.
On returning to the Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore, Fr. Lourdusamy served as Archdiocesan Chancellor and private secretary to Archbishop Ambrose Rayappan, as editor of the archdiocesan weekly "Sarva viyabhi" (சர்வ வியாபி), and was choirmaster at the Cathedral in Pondicherry, Director of the Catholic Doctors' Guild, Director of the Catholic Nurses' Guild, Director of the Newman Association, and Director of the Catholic University Students Union.
Bishop
Pope John XXIII appointed Fr. Lourdusamy Auxiliary Bishop of Bangalore and Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Libya on 2 July 1962, at the age of 38. He was consecrated as a bishop on the following 22 August by Archbishop Ambrose Rayappan, with Bishops Rajarethinam Sundaram (bishop of Tanjore) and Daniel Arulswamy (bishop of Kumbakonam) serving as co-consecrators; Bishop (later Cardinal and Major Archbishop of the Syro Malabar Church) Antony Padiyara of Ooty was also present at the consecration.
Bishop Lourdusamy attended the Second Vatican Council (Sessions 2, 3 and 4 as a "Council Father"). On 9 November 1964, he was promoted to titular archbishop of Filippi and appointed the Coadjutor Archbishop of Bangalore. He attended, the First Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, 29 September to 29 October 1967. He was appointed to represent the Indian bishops at the Pan Asiatic Catechetic-Liturgical Conference in Manila in 1967 and was elected the vice-president of the conference and president of its liturgical section. He succeeded Thomas Pothacamury as archbishop on 11 January 1968.
As Archbishop of Bangalore, he served as Chairman of the National Liturgical commission of India, founded the National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre in Bangalore, and also played a significant role in the establishment of St.John's Medical College (the first Catholic Medical College in India), also in Bangalore. Prior to the International Eucharistic Congress in Bogota in 1968, he was invited as a panel member of the International Catechetical study week in Medellin, Colombia.
Pope Paul VI appointed him as Secretary adjunct of the S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples, 2 March 1971. He resigned as Archbishop of Bangalore on 30 April 1971 and left India to serve in the Curial Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in March 1971, Secretary of the S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples, president of the Pontifical Missionary Work and Vice-Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Urbanian University, 26 February 1973, the university at which he was a student from 1953 to 1956. He is the first Asian to become a member of the Roman Curia.
Cardinal
Pope John Paul II created Lourdusamy Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria delle Grazie alle Fornaci fuori Porta Cavalleggeri in the consistory of 25 May 1985; he is the first Tamil to be raised to the rank of cardinal. Cardinal Lourdusamy was named Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches on the following 30 October.
Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, 24 November to 8 December 1985, and the Seventh on 1 to 30 October 1987. Special papal envoy to the closing ceremonies of the Year of St. Willibrord, Luxemburg, 3 to 5 June 1990. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, 30 September to 28 October 1990.
He became Cardinal Protodeacon (the senior Cardinal-Deacon) on 5 April 1993, and served as a special papal legate to the funeral of Mother Teresa on 13 September 1997. On 5 April 1993 was appointed protodeacon. He chose to become a Cardinal-Priest on 29 January 1996 thereby relinquishing protodeacon post.
Cardinal Lourdusamy accompanied John Paul II on his Apostolic travels to Africa, Asia, Oceania, and The Americas. He has also visited 110 countries on all continents in the service of Popes John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul I, and John Paul II, and received numerous distinctions in appreciation of his work and has been honoured by the Governments of Philippines, Republic of China – Taiwan (The Order of the Brilliant Star, First Class – 13 November 1983), France (Commander of the Légion d'honneur – 29 December 1976), and Germany (Das Grosse Verdienstkreuz mit Stern – 10 October 1977), Liberia (Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Africa – 3 November 1977), Luxembourg (The "Grand-Croix de l'Ordre Grand-Ducal de la Couronne de Chêne" – 29 June 1988). He was also awarded a doctorate of laws – "Honoris Causa" (5 February 1979) by Adamson University, Manila, Philippines and a doctorate of letters – "Honoris Causa" (25 May 1989) by Pondicherry University, India. Cardinal Lourdusamy was fluent in several languages including Tamil, Latin, English, Italian, French, German, Kannada, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and Swedish.
Pope John Paul II appointed Cardinal Lourdusamy a member of the following Departments of the Roman Curia, in addition to Prefect, Congregation for Oriental Churches:
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Congregation for Catholic Education
Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
Pontifical Council for the Family
Pontifical Council for Inter-Religious Dialogue
Pontifical Council for Interpretation of Legislative Texts
Pontifical Commission for International Eucharistic Congresses
Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of the Oriental Canon Law
Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law
Pontifical Commission for Latin America
Pontifical Commission for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
The Commission of Cardinals and Bishops set up by the Pope to prepare a Catechism for the Church Universal
The Commission for the Study of the Theological and Juridical Status of the Bishops' Conferences
The Permanent Interdicastrial Commission for the Formation of the Candidates to the Sacred Orders
Death
Cardinal Lourdusamy died in Rome on 2 June 2014.
A funeral Mass was celebrated for the Cardinal on Thursday, 5 June 2014, with Angelo Cardinal Sodano, Dean of the College of Cardinals, presiding. At the end of the service, Pope Francis led the Rites of Final Commendation and Valediction. His nephew Vincent and Sr. Vellie Fernandez, Sr. Avis Aguiar who cared for him were with him on his 90th birthday four months earlier, again during his final days in the hospital, and accompanied his mortal remains to Pondicherry, India on 6 June 2014. Cardinal lay in state at Escande's Hall, Petit Seminaire Higher Secondary School, where thousands paid their final respects round the clock, over two days and nights.. On 9 June 2014, after a mass of repose, celebrated by the Papal Nuncio for India and Nepal Monsignor Salvatore Pennacchio, the Cardinals, Bishops and hundreds of priests, his remains were entombed in front of St. Joseph's Altar inside Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Pondicherry.
References
External links
Biography
Cardinal Lourdusamy on Cardinal rating
Cardinal Lourdusamy on Catholic Hierarchy
Cardinal Lourdusamy Foundation
1924 births
2014 deaths
Pontifical Urban University alumni
Indian cardinals
Roman Catholic archbishops of Bangalore
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in India
Protodeacons
People from Pondicherry
Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II
Loyola College, Chennai alumni
Tamil priests
Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Indian Roman Catholic archbishops
Indian expatriates in Italy |
Cricket Cafe is a restaurant in Portland, Oregon. The cafe's slogan is "champions of breakfast", offering the meal throughout the day with additional lunch options. It has received a generally positive reception, especially for its Bloody Marys, vegetarian options, and biscuits and gravy. Previously owned by Dan Bartkowski, the cafe closed unexpectedly in June 2017. Gordon Feighner and Katie Prevost reopened Cricket Cafe months later.
Description
Cricket Cafe is a restaurant on Belmont Street in the retail and residential district of the same name within southeast Portland's Sunnyside neighborhood. The two-level cafe, described by Eater Portland Mattie John Bamman in 2017 as a "long-running, highly popular breakfast spot" with "huge portions" and "good prices", serves breakfast all day and has a lunch menu as well. In her Food Lovers' Guide to Portland, Oregon (2014), Laurie Wolf said the cafe delivers "hearty and satisfying" meals and "caters to the throngs of people in Portland who love their breakfast". The restaurant operates from 8am to 2:30pm every day, as of 2018.
In 2002, David Sarasohn of The Oregonian said the "resolutely down-home storefront" serves "funky" comfort food. In 2017, Willamette Week Matthew Korfhage called the restaurant a "quirky", "quaint", and "beloved neighborhood brunch spot". Portland Monthly describes Cricket as an "ever-bustling" and "comfy, unpretentious hipster pit stop", with family-friendly, outdoor dining, and takeout services.
Menu
The menu includes standard breakfast fare such as eggs, hash browns, pancakes, chilaquiles hash, biscuits and gravy, and toasted pound cake with espresso icing. Vegetarian and sausage versions of biscuits and gravy were available, as of 2002; the former had a milk-and-roux gravy made from roasted green and red bell peppers, mushrooms, onions, zucchini, and spices. The Garden Fried Steak has an egg-dipped and fried Gardenburger. The "trademark lumberjack" Eggs Benedict comes with pepper jack and sausage gravy. The Veggie Skillet has eggs, potatoes, vegetables, cheese, olives, and sour cream. The lunch menu focused on sandwiches, soups, and salads, and the black bean chili was served with biscuits and a salad.
The drink menu known as "Liquid Breakfast" has approximately two dozen options separated into "coolers" and "heaters". Heaters include the Betsy's Demon Hatch (tequila, pomegranate with molasses, and strawberry with lemonade), the Bloody Gary made from jalapeño and vodka and the King of Spain made from espresso, rum, and mocha liquor. Mimosas and several other varieties of Bloody Marys, collectively billed as the "Bloody Bar" and ranked by spiciness, are also available. The least spicy of the Bloody Marys is the Bloody Sunrise, described by Aaron Calvin of Men's Journal as having a "sweet grenadine inflected flavor and sugar rim" whilst the most spicy is the Bloody Hot Bonnet, made with habanero infused vodka. In between is the popular Maven, which has cucumber-infused vodka, sake, and a secret maven mix.
History
Micah Loiselle served as chef, as of 1999. Cricket Cafe was among several local establishments to host artworks by the Portland-based multi-artist collective Red 76. The group's Art/Stall exhibit in 2002 featured works by 25 artists displayed in public restrooms. In 2010, Cricket Cafe was one of fourteen businesses seeking an exemption to a city ban on the use of public sidewalks for storing trash. Dan Bartkowski was the cafe's owner, as of 2012. Cricket Cafe was vandalized on Christmas in 2016. The front and back windows and a neon sign were damaged; Bartkowski said nothing was stolen but estimated $10,000–15,000 in damages.
Cricket Cafe closed unexpectedly in June 2017. The surprise closure prompted a local resident to post a sign on the door apologizing for any confusion and confirming that the cafe was "seemingly closed for the foreseeable future". In October, restaurateurs Gordon Feighner and Katie Prevost of the popular brunch restaurant Jam on Hawthorne confirmed plans to reopen Cricket Cafe by the end of November. The duo ate there regularly and planned to keep the menu mostly the same, but offer additional vegan and gluten-free options. Feighner also confirmed that interior walls would continue to display artworks curated by the same individual. He told the Portland Mercury:
The restaurant began operating initially from 8:00 pm to 3:00 pm daily; the afternoon closing time was decreased by half an hour in January 2018. Cricket Cafe is a member of the Belmont District Business Association, as of 2020.
Reception
In 1999, John Foyston of The Oregonian complimented the biscuits and gravy and wrote, "Although the Cricket is relatively new, it feels comfortable and unpretentious and attracts a wide spectrum from its bohemian Belmont neighborhood. There's art on the walls, lots of conversation at the tables and a fine menu." In her 2003 book Secret Portland, Oregon: The Unique Guidebook to Portland's Hidden Sites, Sounds & Tastes, Ann Carroll Burgess called Cricket Cafe "funky, hip, and affordable" and wrote, "The strong points that draw in all comers, from yuppie families to boho singles, include cornbread biscuits to die for and a soothing blend of both vegan and meathead dishes."
In 2007, The Oregonian Joe Fitzgibbon recommended the cafe for a day out with children because of its "fast service and friendly prices". Cricket Cafe was listed in the breakfast category in the Portland Mercury "back to school" guides for students in 2007, 2008, and 2010. In his 2009 book Veg Out: Seattle and Portland, George Stevenson gave the restaurant a 2-star rating and recommended Cricket Cafe for vegetarian options in East Portland. Stevenson called the restaurant "clean and friendly but funky enough to be interesting".
Laurie Wolf called the cafe "amazing" and said the pound cake "will knock your socks off". She also recommended the "crazy good" Bloody Marys and said "the whole experience is a great way to start the day". In his 2015 list of the thirteen best Bloody Marys in the U.S., Aaron Calvin of Men's Journal said "you can't beat" the Bloody Bar. In describing the drink menu, Portland Monthly said the Bloody Gary "has the potential to incinerate lingering memories of last night's misdeeds" and the King of Spain "will stoke the coldest engine".
References
External links
Cricket Cafe at Zomato
Restaurants in Portland, Oregon
Sunnyside, Portland, Oregon
Year of establishment missing |
Signal 1 is an Independent Local Radio station owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Staffordshire and South Cheshire.
As of September 2023, the station has a weekly audience of 133,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
History
Signal Radio began broadcasting at 6am on Monday 5 September 1983. The first voice on air was breakfast presenter John Evington and the first song played was Beautiful Noise by Neil Diamond. Originally, Signal Radio aired as a single full service station on 104.3 MHz and 1170 kHz (257 metres). The station's name was derived from Signal, the local newspaper in the Five Town novels by Staffordshire writer Arnold Bennett.
Signal began broadcasting to south Cheshire on 96.4 FM in 1989, before opening a new frequency for the Stafford area on 96.9 FM a year later. The two frequencies began carrying a new alternative AOR-led service, Echo 96, in October 1990. Echo continued for around a year in Stafford while the Cheshire frequency was merged with that of the short-lived Stockport ILR station KFM to form Signal Cheshire in 1991. By the end of the year, the Stafford service was relaunched as Signal Stafford, carrying opt-out programming from the Stoke-based service.
In Staffordshire, Signal Radio began carrying a separate Golden Breakfast Show on 1170 AM in 1992 in order to provide separate services on AM and FM and avoid relinquishing frequencies. The AM opt-out gradually expanded into a full-time separate station, Signal 2.
Signal Radio was bought in 1999 by The Wireless Group, which was subsequently acquired by UTV Media six years later for £97 million. Following the sale of its television assets, the group was latterly bought by News Corp in September 2016.
In 2000, Signal's Cheshire service was split into two – 96.4 FM was merged with the Staffordshire service while 104.9 FM was relaunched as Imagine FM, a dedicated service for south Manchester and Cheshire, which was latterly sold onto become a wholly independent station in 2009.
Signal 1 celebrated its 30th birthday on Saturday 10 August 2013 with a special concert at Betley Court Farm in Crewe.
On 8 February 2019, Signal 1 and the Wireless Group's network of local radio stations in Great Britain were sold to Bauer. The sale was ratified in March 2020 following an inquiry by the Competition and Markets Authority.
In May 2020, Bauer announced that Signal 1 would join the Hits Radio network, while retaining its on-air branding.
Signal 1 began carrying off-peak programming from the Hits Radio network in Manchester on 15 June 2020, marking the end of networked output for the Wireless Group's local stations, produced in-house at Signal's studios in Stoke.
Signal 1 officially joined the Hits Radio network on 20 July 2020. Local programming was reduced to a weekday breakfast show, alongside hourly local news bulletins and peak-time traffic updates.
In November 2022 it was announced that from the following January, Signal 1's relay transmitters on 96.4 and 96.9 FM would transition to carrying Greatest Hits Radio, with the main 102.6 FM transmission - to the area where GHR broadcasts on AM via the former Signal 2 - retaining Signal 1 and Hits network output.
Station information
Studios
Signal 1's studios are based on Stoke Road in the Shelton area of Stoke-on-Trent in a building previously occupied as a warehouse. There are seven dedicated studios as well as a studio for live music recordings, previously used for Signal 2 and networked output for the Wireless Group. It is expected that the studios will be vacated and closed later in 2023 as the staff are relocated to Birmingham.
Technical
Signal 1's main transmitter is at Alsagers Bank, broadcasting on 102.6 FM. As well as covering North Staffordshire and South Cheshire, the transmitter can be received well into the North West and down into the West Midlands, due to the height of the transmitter. Signal 1 also had relay transmitters at Pye Green, covering Stafford and the surrounding area on 96.9 FM, and at Sutton Common, covering Congleton, Macclesfield and surrounding areas on 96.4 FM. However in January 2023, these switched over to carrying Greatest Hits Radio Staffordshire and Cheshire.
Signal 1 also broadcasts on the local Stoke and Stafford DAB multiplex 12D.
Signal Radio Media Academy
In 2012, Signal 1 lent its name to the Signal Radio Media Academy, a course run by Stoke on Trent College as a BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Radio Production. For two days a week, the course is based at the Burslem Campus of Stoke on Trent College where the students also run their own radio station, Heatwave Radio. Teaching takes places both at the college in Burslem as well at Signal's studios in Shelton, with specialist input from the station's staff.
Outside broadcasting and events
Occasional outside broadcasts are made in a specially built OB studio on a converted bus. The station's roadshow unit has a self-contained stage and PA system on board. The Signal Radio Street Team also go out and about the area representing the station. Most Street Team members are part of the Signal Radio Media Academy and many have gone on to other roles across the network including presenting, producing and sales.
In recent years, Signal Radio has also hosted annual events for local children's charities under the Help a Signal Child banner.
Programming
All networked programming originates from Bauer’s Manchester studios.
Local programming is produced and broadcast from Bauer’s Stoke-on-Trent studios each weekday from 6-10am.
News
Bauer’s Stoke-on-Trent newsroom broadcasts local news bulletins on the hour from 6am-7pm on weekdays and between 7am-1pm at weekends, with headlines on the half hour during breakfast and drivetime on weekdays. The local bulletins are simulcast on Greatest Hits Radio Midlands in Staffordshire and Cheshire.
National bulletins from Sky News Radio in London are broadcast on the hour at all other times.
References
External links
Signal 1
Listening Room – first 25 years of Signal Radio
History of local radio in Staffordshire
Alsagers Bank transmitter, near to Newcastle-under-Lyme
Sutton Common transmitter, near Macclesfield
Pye Green transmitter, near Stafford
Mass media in Stoke-on-Trent
Radio stations established in 1983
Signal
Bauer Radio
Hits Radio
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United Kingdom |
```python
import threading
from contextlib import contextmanager
import attr
@attr.s(slots=True)
class Settings:
"""
:param strict: boolean to indicate if the lxml should be parsed a 'strict'.
If false then the recover mode is enabled which tries to parse invalid
XML as best as it can.
:type strict: boolean
:param raw_response: boolean to skip the parsing of the XML response by
zeep but instead returning the raw data
:param forbid_dtd: disallow XML with a <!DOCTYPE> processing instruction
:type forbid_dtd: bool
:param forbid_entities: disallow XML with <!ENTITY> declarations inside the DTD
:type forbid_entities: bool
:param forbid_external: disallow any access to remote or local resources
in external entities or DTD and raising an ExternalReferenceForbidden
exception when a DTD or entity references an external resource.
:type forbid_external: bool
:param xml_huge_tree: disable lxml/libxml2 security restrictions and
support very deep trees and very long text content
:param force_https: Force all connections to HTTPS if the WSDL is also
loaded from an HTTPS endpoint. (default: true)
:type force_https: bool
:param extra_http_headers: Additional HTTP headers to be sent to the
transport. This can be used in combination with the context manager
approach to add http headers for specific calls.
:type extra_headers: list
:param xsd_ignore_sequence_order: boolean to indicate whether to enforce sequence
order when parsing complex types. This is a workaround for servers that
don't respect sequence order.
:type xsd_ignore_sequence_order: boolean
"""
strict = attr.ib(default=True)
raw_response = attr.ib(default=False)
# transport
force_https = attr.ib(default=True)
extra_http_headers = attr.ib(default=None)
# lxml processing
xml_huge_tree = attr.ib(default=False)
forbid_dtd = attr.ib(default=False)
forbid_entities = attr.ib(default=True)
forbid_external = attr.ib(default=True)
# xsd workarounds
xsd_ignore_sequence_order = attr.ib(default=False)
_tls = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(threading.local))
@contextmanager
def __call__(self, **options):
current = {}
for key, value in options.items():
current[key] = getattr(self, key)
setattr(self._tls, key, value)
try:
yield
finally:
for key, value in current.items():
default = getattr(self, key)
if value == default:
delattr(self._tls, key)
else:
setattr(self._tls, key, value)
def __getattribute__(self, key):
if key != "_tls" and hasattr(self._tls, key):
return getattr(self._tls, key)
return super().__getattribute__(key)
``` |
Cyryx College is a private college in Malé City, Maldives. Cyryx College has been in operation since 1993. Cyryx College is the longest serving private college in the Maldives, with the most Maldives Qualification Authority (MQA) certified courses in the education sector.
History
Cyryx College began on 24 August 1993. Starting with 4 computers and 6 students, Cyryx currently caters to over 1,500 students and employs over 65 academic and support staff members. Cyryx College offers certificates, diplomas, and degrees in Information Technology, Management, and Multimedia.
Facilities
Cyryx College operates 3 campuses: the Maafannu campus houses the School of Information Technology, the Machangolhi campus houses the School of Business, and the Galolhu campus houses the School of Multimedia Arts and Design.
Schools and campuses
School of Business
The School of Business is located at Machangoalhi campus on Kenery Magu. It offers the following programmes:
School of Information Technology
The School of Information Technology is located at Maafannu campus (M. Kothanmaage, Maaveyo Magu). It offers the following programmes:
School of Multimedia Arts & Design
The School of Multimedia Arts & Design is located at the Galolhu Campus on Bodurasgefaanu Magu. It offers the following programmes:
School of Humanities & Education
The School of Humanities and Education (SHE) offers the following programmes:
Affiliations
Cyryx College is affiliated with international partners such as Help University of Malaysia, whose bachelor's programmes in business and IT can be completed at Cyryx College. Other affiliated universities include SRM University, Sri Lanka; KDU, KBU, APIIT, Taylors, Limkokwing, and Binary College from Malaysia; RMIT University from Australia; and both Coventry and Plymouth University from the United Kingdom.
Awards and achievements
Cyryx College has been given the following awards:
National Public Service Award (2002)
Education Leadership Award (2013)
World Quality Commitment Award (2013), a vanity award
See also
Education in the Maldives
References
External links
Education in the Maldives
Educational organisations based in the Maldives
Schools in the Maldives
Educational institutions established in 1993
Universities in the Maldives
1993 establishments in the Maldives |
Turlough O'Neill may refer to:
Turlough Luineach O'Neill (1532-1595), head of the O'Neill Dynasty of Ulster
Turlough MacShane O'Neill (died 1608), an Irish landowner killed during O'Doherty's Rebellion |
Khalilabad (, also Romanized as Khalīlābād) is a village in Eskelabad Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 10 families.
References
Populated places in Khash County |
Clavijo is a municipality of the autonomous community of La Rioja (Spain). It is located near the capital, Logroño. , its population was of 276 inhabitants.
In 834, according to a 12th-century spurious charter and later traditional records, the legendary battle of Clavijo between Ramiro I of Asturias and Abd ar-Rahman II of Córdoba took place nearby, but the battle was a fabrication and didn't take place.
Main sights
Castle, built by the Moors in the 9th century
Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, founded in the 6th century
Hermitage of Santiago (18th century)
Parish church (16th-17th century)
References
External links
Municipalities in La Rioja (Spain) |
The Peshawar Valley Field Force was a British field force. It was the largest of three military columns created in November 1878 at the start of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880), each of which invaded Afghanistan by a different route. The Peshawar force initially consisted of around 16,000 men, a mix of both British and Indian Army regiments, under the command of Lieutenant General Sir Samuel J. Browne.
Browne's force crossed into Afghanistan from India in November 1878 and advanced up the Khyber Pass in the direction of Ali Masjid. Here, on 21 November 1878, the force gained victory at the Battle of Ali Masjid, the first battle of the war. The Field Force then progressed further into Afghanistan towards Kabul, occupying Jalalabad on 20 December 1878. After camping here over the winter, they advanced to Gandamak, 50 miles east of Kabul, in April 1879. The advance was however slow, given the difficulty in keeping communications open and the hostile attitude of the Afghan people. The Treaty of Gandamak in May 1879 marked the end of the first phase of the Afghan War and led to the withdrawal of the Peshawar Valley Field Force to India, where it was disbanded in mid–1879.
Composition
At the start of the Second Anglo-Afghan War the Force was made up of the following:
Sir Samuel J. Browne (Overall Command of the Peshawar Valley Field Force)
Cavalry Brigade
Commander: Brigadier-General Sir Charles J. S. Gough
10th Royal Hussars (2 squadrons)
11th Prince of Wales's Own Lancers
Guides Cavalry
Royal Artillery
Commander: Colonel W. J. Williams
One Horse Battery
One Field Battery
Three Heavy Batteries
Three Mountain Batteries:
21st (Kohat) Mountain Battery (Frontier Force)
22nd (Derajat) Mountain Battery (Frontier Force)
24th (Hazara) Mountain Battery (Frontier Force)
First Infantry Brigade
Commander: Brigadier-General Herbert T. Macpherson
4th Battalion Rifle Brigade
20th (Punjab) Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry
4th Gurkha Rifles
Second Infantry Brigade
Commander: Brigadier-General John A. Tytler
1st Battalion Leicestershire Regiment
Guides Infantry
1st Sikhs
Third Infantry Brigade
Commander: Brigadier-General Frederick E. Appleyard
81st Loyal Lincolnshire Volunteers
14th Sikhs
27th Punjabis
Fourth Infantry Brigade
Commander: Brigadier-General W. Browne
51st King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
6th Bengal Native (Light) Infantry
45th Sikhs
Bengal Sappers and Miners
References
Ad hoc units and formations of the British Army
Peshawar
British Army deployments
Second Anglo-Afghan War |
A cobot, or collaborative robot, is a robot intended for direct human-robot interaction within a shared space, or where humans and robots are in close proximity. Cobot applications contrast with traditional industrial robot applications in which robots are isolated from human contact.
Cobot safety may rely on lightweight construction materials, rounded edges, and inherent limitation of speed and force, or on sensors and software that ensure safe behavior.
The International Federation of Robotics (IFR), a global industry association of robot manufacturers and national robot associations, recognizes two main groups of robots: industrial robots used in automation in an industrial environment and service robots for domestic and professional use. Service robots could be considered to be cobots as they are intended to work alongside humans. Industrial robots have traditionally worked separately from humans behind fences or other protective barriers, but cobots remove that separation.
Cobots can have many uses, from information robots in public spaces (an example of service robots), logistics robots that transport materials within a building, to industrial robots that help automate unergonomic tasks such as helping people moving heavy parts, or machine feeding or assembly operations.
The IFR defines four levels of collaboration between industrial robots and human workers:
Coexistence: Human and robot work alongside each other without a fence, but with no shared workspace.
Sequential Collaboration: Human and robot are active in shared workspace but their motions are sequential; they do not work on a part at the same time.
Cooperation: Robot and human work on the same part at the same time, with both in motion.
Responsive Collaboration: The robot responds in real-time to movement of the human worker.
In most industrial applications of cobots today, the cobot and human worker share the same space but complete tasks independently or sequentially (Co-existence or Sequential Collaboration.) Co-operation or Responsive Collaboration are presently less common.
History
Cobots were invented in 1996 by J. Edward Colgate and Michael Peshkin, professors at Northwestern University. Their United States patent entitled, "Cobots" describes "an apparatus and method for direct physical interaction between a person and a general purpose manipulator controlled by a computer."
The invention resulted from a 1994 General Motors initiative led by Prasad Akella of the GM Robotics Center and a 1995 General Motors Foundation research grant intended to find a way to make robots or robot-like equipment safe enough to team with people.
The first cobots assured human safety by having no internal source of motive power. Instead, motive power was provided by the human worker.
The cobot's function was to allow computer control of motion, by redirecting or steering a payload, in a cooperative way with the human worker.
Later, cobots provided limited amounts of motive power as well. General Motors and an industry working group used the term Intelligent Assist Device (IAD) as an alternative to cobot, which was viewed as too closely associated with the company Cobotics. At the time, the market demand for Intelligent Assist Devices and the safety standard "T15.1 Intelligent Assist Devices - Personnel Safety Requirements" was to improve industrial material handling and automotive assembly operations.
Cobotics, a company founded in 1997 by Colgate and Peshkin, produced several cobot models used in automobile final assembly These cobots were of IFR type Responsive Collaboration using what is now called "Hand Guided Control". The company was acquired in 2003 by Stanley Assembly Technologies.
KUKA released its first cobot, LBR 3, in 2004. This computer controlled lightweight robot was the result of a long collaboration with the German Aerospace Center institute. KUKA further refined the technology, releasing the KUKA LBR 4 in 2008 and the KUKA LBR iiwa in 2013.
Universal Robots released its first cobot, the UR5, in 2008. This cobot could safely operate alongside employees, eliminating the need for safety caging or fencing. The new robot helped launch the era of flexible, user-friendly and cost-efficient collaborative robots. In 2012, Universal Robots released the UR10 cobot, and in 2015 they released the smaller, lower payload UR3.
Rethink Robotics released an industrial cobot, Baxter, in 2012 and smaller, faster collaborative robot Sawyer in 2015, designed for high precision tasks.
From 2009 to 2013, four CoBot robots, which were designed, built, and programmed by the CORAL research group at Carnegie Mellon University, logged more than 130 kilometers of autonomous in-building errand travel.
FANUC released its first collaborative robot in 2015 - the FANUC CR-35iA with a heavy 35 kg payload. Since that time FANUC has released a smaller line of collaborative robots including the FANUC CR-4iA, CR-7iA and the CR-7/L long arm version.
ABB released YuMi in 2015, the first collaborative dual arm robot. In February 2021 they released GoFa, which had a payload of 5 kg.
As of 2019, Universal Robots was the market leader followed by Techman Robot Inc. Techman Robot Inc. is a cobot manufacturer founded by Quanta in 2016. It is based in Taoyuan's Hwa Ya Technology Park.
In 2020, the market for industrial cobots had an annual growth rate of 50 percent.
Standards and guidelines
RIA BSR/T15.1, a draft safety standard for Intelligent Assist Devices, was published by the Robotic Industries Association, an industry working group in March 2002.
The robot safety standard (ANSI/RIA R15.06 was first published in 1986, after 4 years of development. It was updated with newer editions in 1992 and 1999. In 2011, ANSI/RIA R15.06 was updated again and is now a national adoption of the combined ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2 safety standards. The ISO standards are based on ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999. A companion document was developed by ISO TC299 WG3 and published as an ISO Technical Specification, ISO/TS 15066:2016. This Technical Specification covers collaborative robotics - requirements of robots and the integrated applications. ISO 10218-1 contains the requirements for robots - including those with optional capabilities to enable collaborative applications. ISO 10218-2:2011 and ISO/TS 15066 contain the safety requirements for both collaborative and non-collaborative robot applications. Technically, the <collaborative> robot application includes the robot, end-effector (mounted to the robot arm or manipulator to perform tasks which can include manipulating or handling objects) and the workpiece (if an object is handled).
The safety of a collaborative robot application is the issue since there is NO official term of "cobot" (within robot standardization). Cobot is considered to be a sales or marketing term because "collaborative" is determined by the application. For example, a robot wielding a cutting tool or a sharp workpiece would be hazardous to people. However the same robot sorting foam chips would likely be safe. Consequently, the risk assessment accomplished by the robot integrator addresses the intended application (use). ISO 10218 Parts 1 and 2 rely on risk assessment (according to ISO 12100). In Europe, the Machinery Directive is applicable, however the robot by itself is a partial machine. The robot system (robot with end-effector) and the robot application are considered complete machines.
See also
Air-Cobot, a collaborative mobile robot to inspect aircraft
Automated guided vehicle
References
External links
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Safe co-operation between human beings and robots
CORAL project's CoBot web page at the Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science |
Malala Yousafzai (, , pronunciation: ; born 12 July 1997) is a Pakistani female education activist and the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate at the age of 17. She is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate, the second Pakistani and the first Pashtun to receive a Nobel Prize. Yousafzai is a human rights advocate for the education of women and children in her native homeland, Swat, where the Pakistani Taliban had at times banned girls from attending school. Her advocacy has grown into an international movement, and according to former Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, she has become Pakistan's "most prominent citizen."
The daughter of education activist Ziauddin Yousafzai, she was born to a Yusufzai Pashtun family in Swat and was named after the Afghan folk heroine Malalai of Maiwand. Considering Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Barack Obama, and Benazir Bhutto as her role models, she was also inspired by her father's thoughts and humanitarian work. In early 2009, when she was 11, she wrote a blog under her pseudonym Gul Makai for the BBC Urdu to detail her life during the Taliban's occupation of Swat. The following summer, journalist Adam B. Ellick made a New York Times documentary about her life as the Pakistan Armed Forces launched Operation Rah-e-Rast against the militants in Swat. In 2011, she received Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize. She rose in prominence, giving interviews in print and on television, and was nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize by activist Desmond Tutu.
On 9 October 2012, while on a bus in Swat District after taking an exam, Yousafzai and two other girls were shot by a Taliban gunman in an assassination attempt targeting her for her activism; the gunman fled the scene. She was struck in the head by a bullet and remained unconscious and in critical condition at the Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, but her condition later improved enough for her to be transferred to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, UK. The attempt on her life sparked an international outpouring of support. Deutsche Welle reported in January 2013 that she may have become "the most famous teenager in the world". Weeks after the attempted murder, a group of 50 leading Muslim clerics in Pakistan issued a fatwā against those who tried to kill her. Governments, human rights organizations and feminist groups subsequently condemned the Pakistani Taliban. In response, the Taliban further denounced Yousafzai, indicating plans for a possible second assassination attempt which the Taliban felt was justified as a religious obligation. This sparked another international outcry.
After her recovery, Yousafzai became a more prominent activist for the right to education. Based in Birmingham, she co-founded the Malala Fund, a non-profit organisation, with Shiza Shahid. In 2013, she co-authored I Am Malala, an international best seller. In 2013, she received the Sakharov Prize, and in 2014, she was the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize with Kailash Satyarthi of India. Aged 17 at the time, she was the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate. In 2015, she was the subject of the Oscar-shortlisted documentary He Named Me Malala. The 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues of Time magazine featured her as one of the most influential people globally. In 2017 she was awarded honorary Canadian citizenship and became the youngest person to address the House of Commons of Canada.
Yousafzai completed her secondary school education at Edgbaston High School, Birmingham in England from 2013 to 2017. From there she won a place at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, and undertook three years of study for a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE), graduating in 2020. She returned in 2023 to become the youngest ever Honorary Fellow at Linacre College, Oxford.
Early life
Childhood
Yousafzai was born on 12 July 1997 in the Swat District of Pakistan's northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, into a lower-middle-class family. She is the daughter of Ziauddin Yousafzai and Toor Pekai Yousafzai. Her family is Sunni Muslim of Pashtun ethnicity, belonging to the Yusufzai tribe. The family did not have enough money for a hospital birth and Yousafzai was born at home with the help of neighbours. She was given her first name Malala (meaning "grief-stricken") after Malalai of Maiwand, a famous Pashtun poet and warrior woman from southern Afghanistan. At her house in Mingora, she lived with her two younger brothers, Khushal and Atal, her parents, Ziauddin and Tor Pekai, and two chickens.
Fluent in Pashto, Urdu and English, Yousafzai was educated mostly by her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, a poet, school owner, and an educational activist himself, running a chain of private schools known as the Khushal Public School. In an interview, she once said that she aspired to become a doctor, though later her father encouraged her to become a politician instead. Ziauddin referred to his daughter as something entirely special, allowing her to stay up at night and talk about politics after her two brothers had been sent to bed.
Inspired by the twice-elected, assassinated Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, Yousafzai started speaking about education rights as early as September 2008, when her father took her to Peshawar to speak at the local press club. "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?" she asked in a speech covered by newspapers and television channels throughout the region. In 2009, she began as a trainee and was then a peer educator in the Institute for War and Peace Reporting's Open Minds Pakistan youth programme, which worked in the region's schools to help students engage in constructive discussion on social issues through journalism, public debate and dialogue.
As a BBC blogger
In late 2008, Aamer Ahmed Khan of the BBC Urdu website and his colleagues came up with a novel way of covering the Pakistani Taliban's growing influence in Swat. They decided to ask a schoolgirl to blog anonymously about her life there. Their correspondent in Peshawar, Abdul Hai Kakar, had been in touch with a local school teacher, Ziauddin Yousafzai, but could not find any students willing to report, as their families considered it too dangerous. Finally, Yousafzai suggested his own daughter, 11-year-old Malala. At the time, Pakistani Taliban militants led by Maulana Fazlullah were taking over the Swat Valley, banning television, music, girls' education, and women from going shopping. Bodies of beheaded policemen were being displayed in town squares. At first, a girl named Aisha from her father's school agreed to write a diary, but her parents stopped her from doing it because they feared Taliban reprisals. The only alternative was Yousafzai, who was four years younger and in seventh grade at the time. "We had been covering the violence and politics in Swat in detail but we didn't know much about how ordinary people lived under the Taliban", said Mirza Waheed, former editor of BBC Urdu. Because they were concerned for Yousafzai's safety, the BBC editors insisted she use a pseudonym. Her blog was published under the byline "Gul Makai" ("cornflower" in Pashto), a name taken from a character in a Pashtun folktale.
On 3 January 2009, her first entry was posted to the BBC Urdu blog. She hand-wrote notes and passed them to a reporter who scanned and e-mailed them. The blog recorded Yousafzai's thoughts during the First Battle of Swat, as military operations took place, fewer girls show up to school, and finally, her school shut down. That day she wrote:
I had a terrible dream yesterday with military helicopters and the Taliban. I have had such dreams since the launch of the military operation in Swat. My mother made me breakfast and I went off to school. I was afraid going to school because the Taliban had issued an edict banning all girls from attending schools. Only 11 out of 27 pupils attended the class because the number decreased because of the Pakistani Taliban's edict. My three friends have shifted to Peshawar, Lahore and Rawalpindi with their families after this edict.
In Swat, the Pakistani Taliban had set an edict that no girls could attend school after 15 January 2009. They had already blown up more than 100 girls' schools. The night before the ban took effect was filled with the noise of artillery fire, waking Yousafzai several times. The following day, she also read for the first time excerpts from her blog that were published in a local newspaper.
Banned from school
Following the edict, the Pakistani Taliban destroyed several more local schools. On 24 January 2009, Yousafzai wrote: "Our annual exams are due after the vacations but this will only be possible if the Pakistani Taliban allow girls to go to school. We were told to prepare certain chapters for the exam but I do not feel like studying."
In February 2009, girls' schools were still closed. In solidarity, private schools for boys had decided not to open until 9 February, and notices appeared saying so. On 7 February, Yousafzai and her brother returned to their hometown of Mingora, where the streets were deserted, and there was an "eerie silence". She wrote in her blog: "We went to the supermarket to buy a gift for our mother but it was closed, whereas earlier it used to remain open till late. Many other shops were also closed." Their home had been robbed and their television was stolen.
After boys' schools reopened, the Pakistani Taliban lifted restrictions on girls' primary education, where there was co-education. Girls-only schools were still closed. Yousafzai wrote that only 70 pupils attended out of the 700 who were enrolled.
On 15 February, gunshots were heard in Mingora's streets, but Yousafzai's father reassured her, saying, "Don't be scared—this is firing for peace." Her father had read in the newspaper that the government and militants were going to sign a peace deal the next day. Later that night, when the Taliban announced the peace deal on their FM Radio studio, another round of stronger firing started outside. Yousafzai spoke out against the Pakistani Taliban on the national current affairs show Capital Talk on 18 February. Three days later, Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi leader Maulana Fazlulla announced on his FM radio station that he was lifting the ban on women's education, and girls would be allowed to attend school until exams were held on 17 March, but that they had to wear burqas.
Girls' schools reopen
On 25 February, Yousafzai wrote on her blog that she and her classmates "played a lot in class and enjoyed ourselves like we used to before." Attendance at Yousafzai's class was up to 19 of 27 pupils by 1 March, but the Pakistani Taliban were still active in the area. Shelling continued, and relief goods meant for displaced people were looted. Only two days later, Yousafzai wrote that there was a skirmish between the military and Taliban, and the sounds of mortar shells could be heard: "People are again scared that the peace may not last for long. Some people are saying that the peace agreement is not permanent, it is just a break in fighting."
On 9 March, Yousafzai wrote about a science paper that she performed well on, and added that the Taliban were no longer searching vehicles as they once did. Her blog ended on 12 March 2009.
As a displaced person
After the BBC diary ended, Yousafzai and her father were approached by New York Times reporter Adam B. Ellick about filming a documentary. In May, the Pakistani Army moved into the region to regain control during the Second Battle of Swat (also known as Operation Rah-e-Rast). Mingora was evacuated and Yousafzai's family was displaced and separated. Her father went to Peshawar to protest and lobby for support, while she was sent into the countryside to live with relatives. "I'm really bored because I have no books to read," she is filmed saying in the documentary.
That month, after criticising militants at a press conference, Yousafzai's father received a death threat over the radio by a Pakistani Taliban commander. Yousafzai was deeply inspired in her activism by her father. That summer, for the first time, she committed to becoming a politician and not a doctor, as she had once aspired to be.
By early July, refugee camps were filled to capacity. The prime minister made a long-awaited announcement saying it was safe to return to the Swat Valley. The Pakistani military had pushed the Taliban out of the cities and into the countryside. Yousafzai's family reunited, and on 24 July 2009 they headed home. They made one stop first—to meet with a group of other grassroots activists that had been invited to see United States President Barack Obama's special representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan, Richard Holbrooke. Yousafzai pleaded with Holbrooke to intervene in the situation, saying, "Respected ambassador, if you can help us in our education, so please help us." When her family finally returned home, they found it had not been damaged, and her school had sustained only light damage.
Early activism
Following the documentary, Yousafzai was interviewed on the national Pashto-language station AVT Khyber, the Urdu-language Daily Aaj, and Canada's Toronto Star. She made a second appearance on Capital Talk on 19 August 2009. Her BBC blogging identity was being revealed in articles by December 2009. She also began appearing on television to publicly advocate for female education. From 2009 to 2010 she was the chair of the District Child Assembly of the Khpal Kor Foundation.
In 2011, Yousafzai trained with local girls' empowerment organisation, Aware Girls, run by Gulalai Ismail, whose training included advice on women's rights and empowerment to peacefully oppose radicalisation through education.
In October 2011, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a South African activist, nominated Yousafzai for the International Children's Peace Prize of the Dutch international children's advocacy group, KidsRights Foundation. She was the first Pakistani girl to be nominated for the award. The announcement said, "Malala dared to stand up for herself and other girls and used national and international media to let the world know girls should also have the right to go to school." The award was won by Michaela Mycroft of South Africa.
Yousafzai's public profile rose even further when she was awarded Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize two months later in December. On 19 December 2011, Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani awarded her the National Peace Award for Youth. At the ceremony, she stated she was not a member of any political party, but hoped to found a national party of her own to promote education. The prime minister directed the authorities to set up an IT campus in the Swat Degree College for Women at Yousafzai's request, and a secondary school was renamed in her honour. By 2012, she was planning to organise the Malala Education Foundation, which would help poor girls go to school. In 2012, she attended the International Marxist Tendency National Marxist Summer School. In a television interview the same year, she named Barack Obama, Benazir Bhutto and Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Bacha Khan), a Pashtun leader known for his nonviolent Khudai Khidmatgar resistance movement against the British Raj, as inspirations for her activism.
Murder attempt
As Yousafzai became more recognised, the dangers facing her increased. Death threats against her were published in newspapers and slipped under her door. On Facebook, where she was an active user, she began to receive threats. Eventually, a Pakistani Taliban spokesman said they were "forced" to act. In a meeting held in the summer of 2012, Taliban leaders unanimously agreed to kill her.
On 9 October 2012, a Taliban gunman shot Yousafzai as she rode home on a bus after taking an exam in Pakistan's Swat Valley. Yousafzai was 15 years old at the time. According to reports, a masked gunman shouted: "Which one of you is Malala? Speak up, otherwise I will shoot you all." Upon being identified, Yousafzai was shot with one bullet, which travelled from the side of her left eye, through her neck and landed in her shoulder. Two other girls were also wounded in the shooting: Kainat Riaz and Shazia Ramzan, both of whom were stable enough following the shooting to speak to reporters and provide details of the attack.
Medical treatment
After the shooting, Yousafzai was airlifted to a military hospital in Peshawar, where doctors were forced to operate after swelling developed in the left portion of her brain, which had been damaged by the bullet when it passed through her head. After a five-hour operation, doctors successfully removed the bullet, which had lodged in her shoulder near her spinal cord. The day following the attack, doctors performed a decompressive craniectomy, in which part of her skull was removed to allow room for swelling.
On 11 October 2012, a panel of Pakistani and British doctors decided to move Yousafzai to the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology in Rawalpindi. Mumtaz Khan, a doctor, said that she had a 70% chance of survival. Interior Minister Rehman Malik said that Yousafzai would be moved to Germany, where she could receive the best medical treatment, as soon as she was stable enough to travel. A team of doctors would travel with her, and the government would bear the cost of her treatment. Doctors reduced Yousafzai's sedation on 13 October, and she moved all four limbs.
Offers to treat Yousafzai came from around the world. On 15 October, Yousafzai travelled to the United Kingdom for further treatment, approved by both her doctors and family. Her plane landed in Birmingham, England, where she was treated at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, one of the specialties of this hospital being the treatment of military personnel injured in conflict. According to media reports at the time, the UK Government stated that "[t]he Pakistani government is paying all transport, migration, medical, accommodation and subsistence costs for Malala and her party."
Yousafzai had come out of her coma by 17 October 2012, was responding well to treatment, and was said to have a good chance of fully recovering without any brain damage. Later updates on 20 and 21 October stated that she was stable, but was still battling an infection. By 8 November, she was photographed sitting up in bed. On 11 November, Yousafzai underwent surgery for eight and a half hours, in order to repair her facial nerve.
On 3 January 2013, Yousafzai was discharged from the hospital to continue her rehabilitation at her family's temporary home in the West Midlands, where she had weekly physiotherapy. She underwent a five-hour-long operation on 2 February to reconstruct her skull and restore her hearing with a cochlear implant, after which she was reported to be in stable condition. Yousafzai wrote in July 2014 that her facial nerve had recovered up to 96%.
Reaction
The murder attempt received worldwide media coverage and produced an outpouring of sympathy and anger. Protests against the shooting were held in several Pakistani cities the day after the attack, and over 2 million people signed the Right to Education campaign's petition, which led to ratification of the first Right to Education Bill in Pakistan. Pakistani officials offered a 10 million rupee (US$105,000) reward for information leading to the arrest of the attackers. Responding to concerns about his safety, Yousafzai's father said: "We wouldn't leave our country if my daughter survives or not. We have an ideology that advocates peace. The Taliban cannot stop all independent voices through the force of bullets."
Pakistan's president Asif Ali Zardari described the shooting as an attack on "civilized people". UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called it a "heinous and cowardly act". United States President Barack Obama found the attack "reprehensible, disgusting and tragic", while Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said Yousafzai had been "very brave in standing up for the rights of girls" and that the attackers had been "threatened by that kind of empowerment". British Foreign Secretary William Hague called the shooting "barbaric" and that it had "shocked Pakistan and the world".
American singer Madonna dedicated her song "Human Nature" to Yousafzai at a concert in Los Angeles the day of the attack, and also had a temporary Malala tattoo on her back. American actress Angelina Jolie wrote an article explaining the event to her children and answering questions like "Why did those men think they needed to kill Malala?" Jolie later donated $200,000 to the Malala Fund for girls' education. Former First Lady of the United States, Laura Bush wrote an op-ed piece in The Washington Post in which she compared Yousafzai to Holocaust diarist Anne Frank.
Ehsanullah Ehsan, chief spokesman for the Pakistani Taliban, claimed responsibility for the attack, saying that Yousafzai "is the symbol of the infidels and obscenity", adding that if she survived, the group would target her again.
In the days following the attack, the Pakistani Taliban reiterated its justification, saying Yousafzai had been brainwashed by her father: "We warned him several times to stop his daughter from using dirty language against us, but he didn't listen and forced us to take this extreme step." The Pakistani Taliban also justified its attack as part of religious scripture, stating that the Quran says that "people propagating against Islam and Islamic forces would be killed", going on to say that "Sharia says that even a child can be killed if he is propagating against Islam".
On 12 October 2012, a group of Islamic clerics in Pakistan issued a fatwā – a ruling of Islamic law – against the Taliban gunmen who tried to kill Yousafzai. Islamic scholars from the Sunni Ittehad Council publicly denounced attempts by the Pakistani Taliban to mount religious justifications for the shooting of Yousafzai and two of her classmates.
Although the attack was roundly condemned in Pakistan, "some fringe Pakistani political parties and extremist outfits" have aired conspiracy theories, such as the shooting being staged by the American Central Intelligence Agency to provide an excuse for continuing drone attacks. The Pakistani Taliban and some other pro-Pakistani Taliban elements branded Yousafzai an "American spy".
United Nations petition
On 15 October 2012, UN Special Envoy for Global Education, Gordon Brown, the former British Prime Minister, visited Yousafzai while she was in the hospital, and launched a petition in her name and "in support of what Malala fought for". Using the slogan "I am Malala", the petition's main demand was that there be no child left out of school by 2015, with the hope that "girls like Malala everywhere will soon be going to school". Brown said he would hand the petition to President Zardari in Islamabad in November.
The petition contains three demands:
We call on Pakistan to agree to a plan to deliver education for every child.
We call on all countries to outlaw discrimination against girls.
We call on international organisations to ensure the world's 61 million out-of-school children are in education by the end of 2015.
Criminal investigation, arrests, and acquittals
The day after the shooting, Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik stated that the Taliban gunman who shot Yousafzai had been identified. Police named 23-year-old Atta Ullah Khan, a graduate student in chemistry, as the gunman in the attack. , he remained at large, possibly in Afghanistan.
The police also arrested six men for involvement in the attack, but they were later released due to lack of evidence. In November 2012, US sources confirmed that Mullah Fazlullah, the cleric who ordered the attack on Yousafzai, was hiding in eastern Afghanistan. He was killed by a U.S.-Afghan air strike in June 2018.
On 12 September 2014, ISPR Director, Major General Asim Bajwa, told a media briefing in Islamabad that the 10 attackers belonged to a militant group called "Shura". General Bajwa said that Israrur Rehman was the first member of the militant group to be identified and apprehended by troops. Acting upon the information received during his interrogation, all other members of the militant group were arrested. It was an intelligence-based joint operation conducted by ISI, police, and the military.
In April 2015, it was first reported that the ten men who had been arrested were sentenced to life in prison by Judge Mohammad Amin Kundi, a counterterrorism judge, with the chance of eligibility for parole, and possible release, after 25 years. It is not known whether the actual would-be murderers were among the ten sentenced. But in June it was revealed that eight of the ten men, who were tried in-camera for the attack, and actually confessed to helping plan the attack, had in fact been acquitted in the secret trial. Insiders revealed that one of the men acquitted and freed had been the mastermind behind the murder bid. It is believed that all the other men involved in the shooting of Yousafzai fled to Afghanistan soon afterwards and were never even captured. The information about the release of suspects came to light after the London Daily Mirror attempted to locate the men in prison. Senior police official Salim Khan and the Pakistan High Commission in London stated that the eight men were released because there was not enough evidence to connect them to the attack.
Education
From March 2013 to July 2017, Yousafzai was a pupil at the all-girls Edgbaston High School in Birmingham. In August 2015, she received 6 A*s and 4 As at GCSE level. At A-Level, she studied Geography, History, Mathematics and Religious Studies. Also applying to Durham University, the University of Warwick and the London School of Economics (LSE), Yousafzai was interviewed at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford in December 2016 and received a conditional offer of three As in her ALevels; in August 2017, she was accepted to study Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE).
In February 2020, climate change activist Greta Thunberg travelled to Oxford University to meet Yousafzai. On 19 June 2020, Yousafzai said after passing her final examinations that she had completed her PPE degree at Oxford; she graduated with honours.
Continuing activism
Yousafzai addressed the United Nations in July 2013, and had an audience with Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace. In September, she spoke at Harvard University, and in October, she met with US President Barack Obama and his family; during that meeting, she confronted him on his use of drone strikes in Pakistan. In December, she addressed the Oxford Union. In July 2014, Yousafzai spoke at the Girl Summit in London. In October 2014, she donated $50,000 to the UNRWA for reconstruction of schools on the Gaza Strip.
Even though she was fighting for women's rights as well as children's rights, Yousafzai did not describe herself as a feminist when asked on Forbes Under 30 Summit in 2014. In 2015, Yousafzai told Emma Watson she decided to call herself a feminist after hearing Watson's speech at the UN launching the HeForShe campaign.
On 12 July 2015, her 18th birthday, Yousafzai opened a school in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon, near the Syrian border, for Syrian refugees. The school, funded by the not-for-profit Malala Fund, offers education and training to girls aged 14 to 18 years. Yousafzai called on world leaders to invest in "books, not bullets".
Yousafzai has repeatedly condemned the Rohingya persecution in Myanmar. In June 2015, the Malala Fund released a statement in which Yousafzai argues that the Rohingya people deserve "citizenship in the country where they were born and have lived for generations" along with "equal rights and opportunities." She urges world leaders, particularly in Myanmar, to "halt the inhuman persecution of Burma's Muslim minority Rohingya people." In September 2017, speaking in Oxford, Yousafzai said: "This should be a human rights issue. Governments should react to it. People are being displaced, they're facing violence." Yousafzai also posted a statement on Twitter calling for Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi to condemn the treatment of the Rohingya people in Myanmar. Suu Kyi has avoided taking sides in the conflict, or condemning violence against the Rohingya people, leading to widespread criticism.
In 2014, Yousafzai stated that she wished to return to Pakistan following her education in the UK, and inspired by Benazir Bhutto, she would consider running for prime minister: "If I can help my country by joining the government or becoming the prime minister, I would definitely be up for this task." She repeated this aim in 2015 and 2016. However, Yousafzai noted in 2018 that her goal had changed, stating that "now that I have met so many presidents and prime ministers around the world, it just seems that things are not simple and there are other ways that I can bring the change that I want to see." In a 2018 interview with David Letterman for Netflix's show My Next Guest Needs No Introduction, Yousafzai was asked: "Would you ever want to hold a political position?" She replied: "Me? No."
Representation
Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown arranged for Yousafzai's appearance before the United Nations in July 2013. Brown also requested that McKinsey consultant Shiza Shahid, a friend of the Yousafzai family, chair Yousafzai's charity fund, which had gained the support of Angelina Jolie. Google's vice-president Megan Smith also sits on the fund's board.
In November 2012, the consulting firm Edelman began work for Yousafzai on a pro bono basis, which according to the firm "involves providing a press office function for Malala". The office employs five people, and is headed by speechwriter Jamie Lundie. McKinsey also continues to provide assistance to Yousafzai.
Malala Day
On 12 July 2013, Yousafzai's 16th birthday, she spoke at the UN to call for worldwide access to education. The UN dubbed the event "Malala Day". Yousafzai wore one of Benazir Bhutto's shawls to the UN. It was her first public speech since the attack, leading the first ever Youth Takeover of the UN, with an audience of over 500 young education advocates from around the world.
Yousafzai received several standing ovations. Ban Ki-moon, who also spoke at the session, described her as "our hero". Yousafzai also presented the chamber with "The Education We Want", a Youth Resolution of education demands written by Youth for Youth, in a process co-ordinated by the UN Global Education First Youth Advocacy Group, telling her audience:
The Pakistani government did not comment on Yousafzai's UN appearance, amid a backlash against her in Pakistan's press and social media.
Words from the speech were used as lyrics for "Speak Out", a song by Kate Whitley commissioned by BBC Radio 3 and broadcast on International Women's Day 2017.
Jon Stewart interview
On 8 October 2013 Malala, at the age of 16, visited The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, an American television programme, her first major late night appearance. She was there as a guest to promote her book, I Am Malala. On the program they discussed her assassination attempt, human rights, and women's education. She left Jon Stewart speechless when she described her thoughts after learning the Pakistani Taliban wanted her dead, saying:
Stewart, visibly moved by her words, ended the conversation saying: "I am humbled to speak with you." Stewart would again have her as a guest on the show after the 2015 Charleston Church Shooting, in which he started the show citing no jokes saying, "our guest is an incredible person who suffered unspeakable violence by extremists and her perseverance and determination through that to continue on is an incredible inspiration and to be quite honest with you, I don't think there's anyone else in the world I would rather talk to tonight than Malala so that's what we'll do and sorry about no jokes."
Nobel Peace Prize
On 10 October 2014, Yousafzai was announced as the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for her struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education. Having received the prize at the age of 17, Yousafzai is the youngest Nobel laureate. Yousafzai shared the prize with Kailash Satyarthi, a children's rights activist from India. She is the second Pakistani to receive a Nobel Prize after 1979 Physics laureate Abdus Salam.
After she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, there was praise, but also some disapproval of the decision. A Norwegian jurist, Fredrik Heffermehl, commented on being awarded the Nobel Prize: "This is not for fine people who have done nice things and are glad to receive it. All of that is irrelevant. What Nobel wanted was a prize that promoted global disarmament."
Adán Cortés, a college student from Mexico City and asylum seeker, interrupted Yousafzai's Nobel Peace Prize award ceremony in protest for the 2014 Iguala mass kidnapping in Mexico, but was quickly taken away by security personnel. Yousafzai later sympathised, and acknowledged that problems are faced by young people all over the world, saying "there are problems in Mexico, there are problems even in America, even here in Norway, and it is really important that children raise their voices".
David Letterman interview
In March 2018, Yousafzai was the subject of an interview with David Letterman for his Netflix show My Next Guest Needs No Introduction. Speaking about the Taliban, she opined that their misogyny comes from a superiority complex, and is reinforced by finding "excuses" in culture or literature, such as by misinterpreting teachings of Islam. On the topic of her attackers, Yousafzai comments: "I forgive them because that's the best revenge I can have." Pointing out that the person who attacked her was a young boy, she says: "He thought he was doing the right thing".
Asked about the presidency of Donald Trump, Yousafzai said: "Some of the things have really disappointed me, like sexual harassment and the ban on Muslims and racism." She also criticised the Trump administration's proposed budget cuts to education, saying that education is the first step to "eradicating extremism and ending poverty". Throughout the episode, clips are shown of Yousafzai acting as a tour guide for prospective students to her college Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
Afghanistan
In July 2021, amid a major offensive by the Taliban insurgents, Yousafzai urged the international community to press for an immediate ceasefire in Afghanistan and provide humanitarian aid to Afghan civilians. Following the Taliban takeover of Kabul on 15 August 2021, she expressed concern about the fate of women's rights, fearing that women in Afghanistan would lose the social and educational gains that had been made during the previous Afghan government's two decades.
Yousafzai condemned the Taliban's ban on girls' education beyond 6th grade, and said "the Taliban will continue to make excuses to prevent girls from learning beyond primary school." She said the Taliban "want to erase girls and women from all public life in Afghanistan," and asked "leaders around the world to take collective action to hold the Taliban accountable for violating the human rights of millions of women and girls."
Women's clothing, marriage
Yousafzai had said that she did not understand why people had to marry. After her own marriage in 2021 she said that she had not been against marriage, but had concerns about it related to child marriage and forced marriage, and unequal marriages where "women make more compromises than men". In her own marriage she felt that she had found a person who understood her values.
On 7 March 2022, Malala Yousafzai advocated for every woman's right to decide to wear what she likes for herself, from a burqa to a bikini: "Come and talk to us about individual freedom and autonomy, about preventing harm and violence, about education and emancipation. Do not come with your wardrobe notes."
Personal life
On 9 November 2021, Yousafzai married Asser Malik, a manager with the Pakistan Cricket Board, in Birmingham.
Reception
Pakistan
Her opposition to the policy of Talibanisation made her unpopular among Taliban sympathisers. A Dawn columnist said she was scapegoated by the "failing state government," and a journalist in The Nation wrote Yousafzai was hated by "overzealous patriots" who were keen to deny the oppression of women in Pakistan. Her statements conflicted with the view that militancy in Pakistan was a result of Western interference, and conservatives and Islamic fundamentalists described her ideology as "anti-Pakistan".
In 2015, the All Pakistan Private Schools Federation (APPSF) banned her autobiographical book, I Am Malala, at all Pakistani private schools, with the APPSF president Mirza Kashif Ali releasing his own book against her, I Am Not Malala. His book accused Yousafzai of attacking the Pakistan Armed Forces under the pretence of female education, described her father as a "double agent" and "traitor", and denounced the Malala Fund's promotion of secular education. However, Ali pointed out that the APPSF had gone on a national strike when Yousafzai was attacked by the Pakistani Taliban. Conspiracy theorists in newspapers and social media also alleged that Yousafzai had staged her assassination attempt, or that she was an agent of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Many Pakistanis view her as an "agent of the West", due to her Nobel prize, Oxford education and residence in England. Another conspiracy theory alleges that Yousafzai is a Jewish agent. Farman Nawaz argued in Daily Outlook Afghanistan that Yousafzai would have gained more fame in Pakistan if she belonged to the province of Punjab. Yousafzai is seen as courageous by some Pakistanis.
On 29 March 2018, Yousafzai returned to Pakistan for the first time since the shooting. Meeting Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, she gave a speech in which she said it had been her dream to return without any fear. Yousafzai then visited her hometown Mingora in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The APPSF, representing 173,000 private schools in Pakistan, organised an "I Am Not Malala Day" on 30 March in response to what the federation said were her "anti-Islam and anti-Pakistan" views. Yousafzai responded by saying "I am proud of my religion and country."
India
Many people in India have accused Yousafzai of spreading the "Pakistani agenda" over the Kashmir conflict, and being selective in condemning human rights abuses. On 7 August 2019, following the Indian revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, Yousafzai expressed her concern about the situation and appealed to the international community to ensure peace in Jammu and Kashmir.
On 14 September 2019, Malala posted a tweet, in which she said that a Kashmiri girl told her: "I feel purposeless and depressed because I can't go to school. I missed my exams on August 12 and I feel my future is insecure now." However, many Twitter users pointed out that on 12 August 2019, it was Eid al-Adha in India, a public holiday when schools were closed across the country, so an exam would not be even possible on that day. After her tweet, Yousafzai was widely criticised on Twitter, including by some Indian celebrities.
Works
Yousafzai's memoir I Am Malala: The Story of the Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the Taliban, co-written with British journalist Christina Lamb, was published in October 2013 by Little, Brown and Company in the US and by Weidenfeld & Nicolson in the UK. Fatima Bhutto, reviewing the book for The Guardian called the book "fearless" and stated that "the haters and conspiracy theorists would do well to read this book", though she criticised "the stiff, know-it-all voice of a foreign correspondent" that is interwoven with Yousafzai's. Marie Arana for The Washington Post called the book "riveting" and wrote "It is difficult to imagine a chronicle of a war more moving, apart from perhaps the diary of Anne Frank." Tina Jordan in Entertainment Weekly gave the book a "B+", writing "Malala's bravely eager voice can seem a little thin here, in I Am Malala, likely thanks to her co-writer, but her powerful message remains undiluted."
A children's edition of the memoir was published in 2014 under the title I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World. According to Publishers Weekly, in 2017 the book had sold almost 2 million copies, and there were 750,000 copies of the children's edition in print.
Yousafzai was the subject of the 2015 documentary He Named Me Malala, which was shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. In 2020, an Indian Hindi-language biographical film Gul Makai by H. E. Amjad Khan was released, with Reem Sameer Shaikh portraying her.
Yousafzai authored a picture book, Malala's Magic Pencil, which was illustrated by Kerascoët and published on 17 October 2017. By March 2018, The Bookseller reported that the book had over 5,000 sales in the UK. In a review for The Guardian, Imogen Carter describes the book as "enchanting", opining that it "strikes just the right balance" between "heavy-handed" and "heartfelt", and is a "welcome addition to the frustratingly small range of children's books that feature BAME central characters". Rebecca Gurney of The Daily Californian gives the book a grade of 4.5 out of 5, calling it a "beautiful account of a terrifying but inspiring tale" and commenting "Though the story begins with fantasy, it ends starkly grounded in reality."
In March 2018, it was announced that Yousafzai's next book We Are Displaced: True Stories of Refugee Lives would be published on 4 September 2018 by Little, Brown and Company's Young Readers division. The book is about refugees, and includes stories from Yousafzai's own life along with those of people she has met. Speaking about the book, Yousafzai said that "What tends to get lost in the current refugee crisis is the humanity behind the statistics" and "people become refugees when they have no other option. This is never your first choice." Profits from the book will go to Yousafzai's charity Malala Fund. She visited Australia and criticized its asylum policies and compared immigration policies of the US and Europe unfavourably to those of poor countries and Pakistan. The book was published on 8 January 2019.
On 8 March 2021, a multiyear partnership between Yousafzai and Apple was announced. She will work on programming for Apple's streaming service, Apple TV+. The work will span “dramas, comedies, documentaries, animation, and children's series, and draw on her ability to inspire people around the world.”
Awards and honours
National and international honours, listed by the date:
2011: International Children's Peace Prize (nominee)
2011: National Youth Peace Prize
January 2012: Anne Frank Award for Moral Courage
October 2012: Sitara-e-Shujaat, Pakistan's second-highest civilian bravery award
November 2012: Foreign Policy magazine top 100 global thinker
December 2012: Time magazine Person of the Year shortlist for 2012
November 2012: Mother Teresa Awards for Social Justice
December 2012: Rome Prize for Peace and Humanitarian Action
January 2013: Top Name in Annual Survey of Global English in 2012
January 2013: Simone de Beauvoir Prize
March 2013: Memminger Freiheitspreis 1525 (conferred on 7 December 2013 in Oxford)
March 2013: Doughty Street Advocacy award of Index on Censorship
March 2013: Fred and Anne Jarvis Award of the UK National Union of Teachers
April 2013: Vital Voices Global Leadership Awards, Global Trailblazer
April 2013: One of Times "100 Most Influential People in the World"
May 2013: Premi Internacional Catalunya Award of Catalonia, May 2013
June 2013: Annual Award for Development of the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID)
June 2013: International Campaigner of the Year, 2013 Observer Ethical Awards
August 2013: Tipperary International Peace Award for 2012, Ireland Tipperary Peace Convention
2013: Portrait of Yousafzai by Jonathan Yeo displayed at National Portrait Gallery, London
September 2013: Ambassador of Conscience Award from Amnesty International
2013: International Children's Peace Prize
2013: Clinton Global Citizen Awards from Clinton Foundation
September 2013: Harvard Foundation's Peter Gomes Humanitarian Award from Harvard University
2013: Anna Politkovskaya Award – Reach All Women in War
2013: Reflections of Hope Award – Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum
2013: Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought – awarded by the European Parliament
2013: Honorary Master of Arts degree awarded by the University of Edinburgh
2013: Pride of Britain (October)
2013: Glamour magazine Woman of the Year
2013: GG2 Hammer Award at GG2 Leadership Awards (November)
2013: International Prize for Equality and Non-Discrimination
2014: Awarded the World Children's Prize also known as Children's Nobel Prize
2014: Awarded Honorary Life Membership by the PSEU (Ireland)
2014: Skoll Global Treasure Award
2014: Honorary Doctor of Civil Law, University of King's College, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
2014: 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, shared with Kailash Satyarthi
2014: Philadelphia Liberty Medal
2014: Asia Game Changer Award
2014: One of Time Magazine "The 25 Most Influential Teens of 2014"
2014: Honorary Canadian citizenship
2015: Asteroid 316201 Malala named in her honour.
2015: The audio version of her book I Am Malala wins Grammy Award for Best Children's Album.
2016: Honorary President of The Students' Union of the University of Sheffield
2016: Order of the Smile
2017: Youngest ever United Nations Messenger of Peace
2017: Received honorary doctorate from the University of Ottawa
2017: Ellis Island International Medal of Honor
2017: Wonk of the Year 2017 from American University
2017: Harper's Bazaar inducted Malala in the list of "150 of the most influential female leaders in the UK".
2018: Advisor to Princess Zebunisa of Swat, Swat Relief Initiative Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey
2018: Gleitsman Award from the Center for the Public Leadership at Harvard Kennedy School
2019: For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring, on the back; Carli Lloyd chose the name of Yousafzai.
2022: Elected World's Children's Prize Decade Child Rights Hero.
In popular culture
In the 2016 action comedy film Zoolander 2, Malala Yousafzai is depicted as dating/marrying the "next hot model" Derek Zoolander Jr. (portrayed by Cyrus Arnold), who earlier had been admiring and reading her various autobiographies.
In the 2023 computer-animated superhero film Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, Sofia Barclay voices Malala Windsor / Spider-UK (Earth-835), described as a composite of Malala Yousafzai and the House of Windsor. A lieutenant of Miguel O'Hara's Spider-Society, Barclay said of the character: "Who better to model a superhero after than a real-life superhero? A woman famous in real life for her integrity and bravery when faced with dangerous odds: yes please!".
See also
Farida Afridi
Bibi Aisha
Muzoon Almellehan
Humaira Bachal
British Pakistanis
Sahar Gul
Aitzaz Hasan
Shenila Khoja-Moolji
List of peace activists
Women's education in Pakistan
Women's rights in 2014
Women's rights in Pakistan
Explanatory notes
References
External links
"Malala: Wars Never End Wars", DAWN, 2013 interview with audio clips of Yousafzai
Class Dismissed: Malala's Story, English-language documentary
July 2013 United Nations speech in full (with 17 min. Al Jazeera video)
Forging the Ideal Educated Girl by Shenila Khoja-Moolji for academic work on Yousafzai
1997 births
21st-century memoirists
21st-century Pakistani women writers
21st-century Pakistani writers
Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Asia Game Changer Award winners
BBC people
Child writers
Children's rights activists
Conspiracy theories in Pakistan
Education activists
Incidents of violence against girls
Incidents of violence against women
Living people
Muslim socialists
Muslim writers
Nobel Peace Prize laureates
Nonviolence advocates
Pakistani bloggers
Pakistani women bloggers
Pakistani child activists
Pakistani children's rights activists
Pakistani educational theorists
Pakistani expatriates in England
Pakistani feminists
Pakistani memoirists
Pakistani Nobel laureates
Pakistani refugees
Pakistani socialists
Pakistani Sunni Muslims
Pakistani terrorism victims
Pakistani women's rights activists
Pashtun people
People from Swat District
People of the insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Proponents of Islamic feminism
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award
Sakharov Prize laureates
Shooting survivors
Shorty Award winners
Victims of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Violence against women in Pakistan
Women and education
Women memoirists
Women Nobel laureates
Women shooting survivors
Writers from Birmingham, West Midlands
Youth activists
Pashtun women
Pashtun activists
Pashtun women writers
Pashtun children |
Gorica (; ) is a small roadside village in the Municipality of Puconci in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia.
Location
Gorica is located only 6 km north of Murska Sobota, the main town in the Prekmurje region. The main part of the settlement of Gorica developed along main road from Puconci to Brezovci.
At the crossroads in the centre of the village, a secondary road leads southwards to Polana. There is a second crossroad at the western end of the village with road towards the hamlet of the settlement known as Gornja Gorica (Upper Gorica) and the village of Šalamenci turning towards the north. There is a natural spring in the middle of the village. Known locally by the Slovene word for spring, Izvir, it was particularly important before a water supply network was built in the village in 1968. The spring with the concrete water cistern built around it, is considered a landmark and is valued by the local people. The local mini football team is named KMN Izvir Gorica after it.
Village activities
Farming
Local people mostly work in agriculture. There is a variety of soils around the village with a mixture of clay and sandy soils towards hills to the north of the settlement and lime-rich marlstone mixed with sandy soils in the flatlands to the south. Crops cultivated in the area include wheat, barley, hybrid corn, fodder plants, rye, and sugar beets. Potatoes for domestic use, as well as pumpkins, from which locals extract pumpkin seed oil, are also grown in the fields and fruit trees are maintained in gardens in the village.
Social activities
The village fire station doubles as a village hall. It was built in 1957 and includes a conference room as well as a small auditorium with a stage.
Wildlife in the rich hunting grounds around the village is managed by the Dolina Hunters' Association (Lovska Družina Dolina) from Puconci.
A women's association, a mini football club, and a voluntary firemen's association are active in the village.
The Štrk Powered Paragliding Club from Murska Sobota also maintains a launch and landing strip with a small hangar in Gorica.
Village history
The earliest mention of Gorica as Guricha in surviving written documents is in the Diplomataria dating to 1365, preserved in the National Archives of Hungary. In 1366 it appears as Goricha in dystrict Sancti Martini. In 1499 it is spelled Gorycza. Sources from 1698 give the population of Goricza as 70.
Today there are many religions represented in the village – Lutheranism, Catholicism, and Pentecostalism. Locals of various religious persuasions are well integrated, and even share a common local cemetery.
The modern history of Gorica is similar to that of all neighboring villages. With the rest of Prekmurje, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918 and was included in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after that. Horthy's Hungary occupied the area during the Second World War from 1941 to 1944 and Nazi Germany between 1944 and 1945. It was liberated by Soviet troops in May 1945 and Soviet troops were stationed in practically every house in the village. After the Second World War the village with the surrounding infrastructure slowly started to develop. Much was achieved by the villagers themselves through volunteering for the construction of the fire station and village hall and in the asphalting of the main road.
Notable locals
The village is especially proud of Karel Flisar (1912–1983), born in the village, who worked as a fireman all over the Prekmurje area. He also worked at the Firemen's Association of Slovenia (Gasilska Zveza Slovenije), where he was a leading member. In the period immediately after the Second World War he was the initiator of the restoration of numerous local fire stations and their equipment as well as the education and training of firemen. A commemorative plaque to him was unveiled at the local fire station in 2005 and a competition between local fire brigades is organised in the village in his memory every four years, known as the Karl Flisar Memorial (Gasilski memorial Karla Flisarja).
References
Other sources
Krajevni leksikon Slovenije 1980, vol. 4
Ivan Zelko:Zgodovina Prekmurja
Arhiv RS
Geodetski zavod RS
Kronologija vasi Gorica
Gallery
External links
Gorica on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Puconci |
Jonathan Newman is a British filmmaker and writer. Newman made his first feature film at the age of 25. Being Considered starred James Dreyfus and David Tennant.
His recent movies include the action adventure film Mariah Mundi and the Midas Box, starring Sam Neill, Michael Sheen, Lena Headey and Keeley Hawes, with the lead of Mariah Mundi played by Welsh actor Aneurin Barnard. Retitled The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box, the film was released theatrically in USA on 10 January 2014.
In 2012 Newman wrote and directed the critically acclaimed film Foster, starring Toni Collette, Ioan Gruffudd, Richard E. Grant, Anne Reid and Hayley Mills, as well as Swinging with the Finkels, which stars Martin Freeman, singer/actress Mandy Moore, Melissa George, Jonathan Silverman, Angus Deayton and Jerry Stiller. Foster, aka "Angel in the House' (US Title) won Best Feature film at the Rhode Island Film Festival 2013 as voted for by the youth jury.
In 2008 and 2013, Newman was longlisted for The Hospital Club 100 media hotlist.
Newman is credited as an assistant author of The Guerilla Film Makers Movie Blueprint.
Early years
Newman was born in London, England. He moved to Los Angeles when he was 5, where he quickly got a passion for films and filmmaking.
In 1990, he attended Brandeis University. In 1994, he completed a master's degree at the Northern Film School in Leeds.
Filmography
Feature films
Being Considered | Writer/Director
Teeth | Writer/Director (Lost Media)
Swinging with the Finkels | Writer/Director
Foster | Writer/Director
The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box | Director
Television
Mustang Drift | Director/Producer
Father's Day | Writer/Director
Perspectives: Reality Bites | 'Director/Executive Producer
Jailbreak | Director
Short films
Models Required | Director
Foster | Writer/Director/Producer
Sex with the Finkels | Writer/Director
External links
The 2010 Ford Mustang: Mustang Drift
Deadline Hollywood
References
Living people
British film directors
1972 births |
Alexander Lawrence (ca 1847 – August 4, 1899) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Morden from 1888 to 1892 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal.
He was born in Kinross-shire, the son of John Lawrence, and was educated in Scotland and England. In 1880, Lawrence married Margaret Bond. He died in Gretna, Manitoba at the age of 52.
References
Year of birth uncertain
1899 deaths
Manitoba Liberal Party MLAs
Scottish emigrants to Canada
Canadian farmers
People from Perth and Kinross |
Peter McPherson may refer to:
M. Peter McPherson (born 1940), American academic and government administrator
Peter McPherson (American football) (1874–1941), American football player
Peter McPherson (soccer) (born 1984), Australian soccer player
Peter McPherson (tennis) (20th century), Australian tennis player, doubles partner of John Hillebrand
See also
Peter MacPherson (1841–1913), member of the Queensland Legislative Council |
Przyłęk is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Tomyśl, within Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Nowy Tomyśl and west of the regional capital Poznań.
World War II history
From 1940 to 1943, Przyłęk was the location of a Nazi German forced labour camp called Smolarnia for Jews and Poles enslaved in the construction of military highway from Berlin to Poznań passing through on the outskirts of the village (pl). Many of the 3,500 prisoners died there from disease, hunger and physical exhaustion. A monument to their memory was erected in 1979.
References
Villages in Nowy Tomyśl County |
East Timor competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom from August 29 to September 9, 2012.
Athletics
Men’s Track and Road Events
See also
East Timor at the 2012 Summer Olympics
References
Nations at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
2012
Summer Paralympics |
is a Japanese zoologist known for his studies on the taxonomy and ecology of planarians.
Life
Masaharu Kawakatsu was born in 1929 in the Asahi village, Kameoka town, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, son of Masakazu Kawakatsu, a squire of the village, and Tei Kawakatsu (born Okajima), the daughter of a country medical doctor, Ei'ichi Okajima.
After his mother died of an acute pneumonia when he was 7 years old, Kawakatsu became closer to his maternal grandfather, who had a passion for sciences, and learned from him the names of many plants and animals that grew around the house, including their scientific names. In April 1941, he attended the Sonobe Middle School and joined a Natural History Club.
In 1946, he started his studies at the Kyoto Normal College (currently Kyoto University of Education), at the time an education organization for teachers. There, he was a member of the biology study group. In 1948, biology students and professors of 5 normal colleges in the Kinki Region organized the Association of Biology Club. There he met Dr. Hisao Sugino, a professor of biology of the Osaka Normal College, whose main theme of academic studies was the analysis of planarian regeneration.
In 1950, the Kyoto Normal College was renamed Kyoto Gakugei University and Kawakatsu returned to the institution as a student of natural science and met professor Kazunosuke I. Okugawa, who studied the taxonomy and fauna of microturbellarians from Lake Biwa. In the spring of 1951, Kawakatsu became a private helper of Prof. Okugawa in his research on the sexual induction in asexual forms of Japanese freshwater planarians. He graduated in 1953 and became an assistant at the same university, starting to study planarians, remaining in the institution until 1961. He married his wife, Kazuko Hatano, on 5 January 1959.
In the beginning of April 1961, Kawakatsu moved to the Fuji Women's College in Sapporo to work as an associate professor of biology, remaining until 1966. Although attaining nearly 12 classes per week, Kawakatsu used his spare time to study the taxonomy of freshwater planarians from Japan and neighboring countries. During this time, he met Dr. Libbie Hyman and they became good friends. In 1965, being weak to the advancing age (76), Hyman asked Kawakatsu to continue her work and sent him her collection of planarians collected in Lake Tahoe, California.
After attending at the Libbie Henrietta Hyman Memorial Symposium in December, 1970, Chicago, Kawakatsu started a series of cooperative studies with other researchers. He studied the planarian fauna of Mexican caves with Robert W. Mitchell and the taxonomy and karyology of South American freshwater planarians with Josef Hauser, visiting Unisinos in Brazil in 1979.
In 1987, Kawakatsu began a series of publications in association with Dr. Robert E. Ogren from Wilkes University, entitled the "Land Planarian Indices Series" where they reviewed the taxonomy of all land planarian species known at the time.
References
1929 births
Japanese zoologists
Living people
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Kyoto University of Education alumni |
Khushab Tehsil (), is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) Khushab District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
History
Khushab Tehsil was an agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas and Kurus invaded, settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overrunning the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Khushab was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and the Turk and Hindu Shahi kingdoms.
In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin. In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.
After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh Empire invaded and occupied Khushab Tehsil. The Muslims faced restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of British rule, Khushab district increased in population and importance. During British rule Khushab was a tehsil of the old Shahpur District, the tehsil at that time had an area of . The population according to the 1901 census was 161,885 a rise of over 10,000 since 1891.
The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Khushab Tehsil.
Administration
Khushab tehsil is subdivided into 32 Union Councils:
References
Tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan
Indus Valley civilisation sites |
```html
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>In-Process Agent - Debugging with GDB</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Debugging with GDB">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="prev" href="JIT-Interface.html#JIT-Interface" title="JIT Interface">
<link rel="next" href="GDB-Bugs.html#GDB-Bugs" title="GDB Bugs">
<link href="path_to_url" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``Free Software'' and ``Free Software Needs
Free Documentation'', with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You are free to copy and modify
this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in
developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="node">
<p>
<a name="In-Process-Agent"></a>
<a name="In_002dProcess-Agent"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="GDB-Bugs.html#GDB-Bugs">GDB Bugs</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="JIT-Interface.html#JIT-Interface">JIT Interface</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">30 In-Process Agent</h2>
<p><a name="index-debugging-agent-3049"></a>The traditional debugging model is conceptually low-speed, but works fine,
because most bugs can be reproduced in debugging-mode execution. However,
as multi-core or many-core processors are becoming mainstream, and
multi-threaded programs become more and more popular, there should be more
and more bugs that only manifest themselves at normal-mode execution, for
example, thread races, because debugger's interference with the program's
timing may conceal the bugs. On the other hand, in some applications,
it is not feasible for the debugger to interrupt the program's execution
long enough for the developer to learn anything helpful about its behavior.
If the program's correctness depends on its real-time behavior, delays
introduced by a debugger might cause the program to fail, even when the
code itself is correct. It is useful to be able to observe the program's
behavior without interrupting it.
<p>Therefore, traditional debugging model is too intrusive to reproduce
some bugs. In order to reduce the interference with the program, we can
reduce the number of operations performed by debugger. The
<dfn>In-Process Agent</dfn>, a shared library, is running within the same
process with inferior, and is able to perform some debugging operations
itself. As a result, debugger is only involved when necessary, and
performance of debugging can be improved accordingly. Note that
interference with program can be reduced but can't be removed completely,
because the in-process agent will still stop or slow down the program.
<p>The in-process agent can interpret and execute Agent Expressions
(see <a href="Agent-Expressions.html#Agent-Expressions">Agent Expressions</a>) during performing debugging operations. The
agent expressions can be used for different purposes, such as collecting
data in tracepoints, and condition evaluation in breakpoints.
<p><a name="Control-Agent"></a>
You can control whether the in-process agent is used as an aid for
debugging with the following commands:
<a name="index-set-agent-on-3050"></a>
<dl><dt><code>set agent on</code><dd>Causes the in-process agent to perform some operations on behalf of the
debugger. Just which operations requested by the user will be done
by the in-process agent depends on the its capabilities. For example,
if you request to evaluate breakpoint conditions in the in-process agent,
and the in-process agent has such capability as well, then breakpoint
conditions will be evaluated in the in-process agent.
<p><a name="index-set-agent-off-3051"></a><br><dt><code>set agent off</code><dd>Disables execution of debugging operations by the in-process agent. All
of the operations will be performed by <span class="sc">gdb</span>.
<p><a name="index-show-agent-3052"></a><br><dt><code>show agent</code><dd>Display the current setting of execution of debugging operations by
the in-process agent.
</dl>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="In_002dProcess-Agent-Protocol.html#In_002dProcess-Agent-Protocol">In-Process Agent Protocol</a>
</ul>
</body></html>
``` |
Juliet B. Schor (born 1955) is an American economist and Sociology Professor at Boston College. She has studied trends in working time, consumerism, the relationship between work and family, women's issues and economic inequality, and concerns about climate change in the environment. From 2010 to 2017, she studied the sharing economy under a large research project funded by the MacArthur Foundation. She is currently working on a project titled "The Algorithmic Workplace" with a grant from the National Science Foundation.
Early life and education
Juliet Schor was born on November 9, 1955. Schor grew up in California, Pennsylvania, where her father developed the first specialty health clinic for miners in a small Pennsylvania mining town. As she grew up, she gained a stronger sense of class difference and labor exploitation. She also found herself reading Marx at a young age. Her husband, Prasannan Parthasarathi, is also a professor at Boston College.
Schor earned a B.A. in Economics magna cum laude from Wesleyan University in 1975 and a Ph.D in economics from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1982. Her dissertation is titled "Changes in the Cyclical Variability of Wages: Evidence from Nine Countries, 1955-1980."
Academic career
Teaching
Schor taught at numerous institutions around the country. Namely, she was an assistant professor of Economics at Williams College and Columbia University. In 1984, she joined the Department of Economics at Harvard University and throughout her 17 years teaching there, she rose from assistant professor to eventually a senior lecturer in the Department of Economics and the Committee on Degrees in Women's Studies. In 2014-15, she was the Matina S. Horner Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Radcliffe Institute at Harvard.
Currently, she is a Professor of Sociology at Boston College. She joined in 2001 and was department chair from 2005-2008 and director of graduate studies from 2001-2013.
Board memberships
In 1977, Schor was one of several founders and editors of South End Press. Additionally, in 1978 she was a founding member of the Center for Popular Economics.
Currently, Schor is Chair of the Board of Directors of Better Future Project, and she is on the advisory board of the Center for a New American Dream. Schor stepped down from her position of Chair of the Board of Directors of US Right to Know in 2019.
She is also presently on the editorial boards of Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy (SSPP), Journal of Consumer Policy, and Reviews in Ecological Economics just to name a few.
Appearances
Schor has also has made multiple appearances. Namely of those is her appearance in 2017 on The People vs. American, Al-Jazeera multipart series which was awarded a Gold World Medal at the New York Festival for Film and TV. In addition, Schor has given many talks at various institutions and conferences all around the world as well. Her most recent television appearances were on the political news channel CSPAN, where Schor was adamantly in front of congress defending the corporate rights of fossil fuel and natural gas exploration companies.
Awards
Schor received the George Orwell Award for Distinguish Contribution to Honesty and Clarity in Public Language for her work The Overspent American from the National Council of Teachers of English in 1998; in 2006, she was awarded the Leontief Prize for Expanding the Frontiers of Economic Thought, Global Development and Environment Institute through Tufts University; in 2011, she won the Herman Daly Award from the US Society of Ecological Economics; and, most recently, she received the American Sociological Association Public Understanding of Sociology Award in 2014, in addition to several smaller accolades from various groups.
Fellowships
In 1980-81, Schor was a Brookings Research Fellow in Economic Studies. From 1995 to 1996, Schor served as a Fellow of the John Simmon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. From 2014 to 2015, she held an Advanced Study Fellowship with the Radcliffe Institute. As of 2020, Schor is an Associate Fellow at the Tellus Institute.
Academic work
Early thought
While obtaining her Ph.D in economics from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Schor began to explore the relationship between how employers controlled and regulated employees. She and her advisor, Sam Bowles, called these variable of conditions “the cost of job loss,” which included how long people can expect to be unemployed and what kind of social welfare benefits they are eligible for as an unemployed individuals.
While a professor at Harvard, Schor was interested in another determinant of “the cost of job loss,” which was the number of hours worked by the employee. By analyzing various data, she found that even though employees work overtime, they seem to have no money saved at the end. This led to her question “What do workers do with the money they earn and why is it so hard for them to save money,” which required the investigation of social pressures on spending and consumer culture.
In an interview discussing her book Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth she says, "When people work too many hours they tend to feel deprived and they use consumption to reward themselves, whether that be for an expensive vacation, kitchen remodel or a bigger diamond. The downturn has actually opened up space for people to think about different trajectories for their consumption expectations over their lifetimes."
In addition, at an early age, Schor strived to make her work accessible to all. In an interview with Peter Shea, she talks about her early intellectual formation, her critique of conventional economics, and her decision to write for an audience that includes the general public as well as her colleagues in the academy.
Best-seller books
The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure, Basic Books (1992)
By using household survey data on hours of paid work and one’s time use, Schor discovered that average time spent at work increased around 1 month per year between the years of 1969 and 1987. Further, in the book, Schor discusses a model she developed to predict hours of unpaid work in the home.
The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don’t Need (1999)
In this book, Schor explores the social and cultural processes that drive individuals to unsustainable spending and debt. She analyzes that consumers are spending more than they did in the past. As a result, she observes that saving rates have been on a decline. Schor argues that one of the reasons for this change is the “keeping up” process of spending which has gradually led to overspending. Schor connects this trend with the work of Pierre Bordieu, especially his ideas of habitus.
Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture (2005)
Many companies have targeted marketing products towards children and in turn, have made them into “commercialized children.” Schor looks at how advertising strategies convince kids that products are necessary to their social survival and this is adopted into their mindsets for their future as well. Schor also provides a sort of optimism at the end, advising parents and teachers on how to deal with this problem.
Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth (2010)
In this work, Schor outlines a roadmap to move beyond consumerism and consumerism's inherent link to ecological decline. She favors a well-balanced approach to living, considering such elements as nature, community, intelligence, and time. Schor narrated a short film on the economic organization discussed in her book for an animation by Films for Action.
After the Gig (2020)
In After the Gig, Schor explores the gig economy, e.g. Uber, Airbnb, etc., and effects of such organizations on worker exploitation, carbon emissions, and racial discrimination. Looking at data extracted from thirteen cases, Schor comes to offer a better means for creating a shared and equitable economy.
Publications
Books
The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure, Basic Books (1992)
Sustainable Economy for the 21st Century, (1995, 1999)
The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need (1999)
Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture (2005)
Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth, Penguin Press (2010)
Toward a Plenitude Economy (2015)
After the Gig (2020)
As co-editor or co-author
The Golden Age of Capitalism: Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience, (1992)
Do Americans Shop too Much?, (2000)
The Consumer Society Reader, (2000)
Sustainable Planet: Solutions for the 21st Century, (2003)
Sustainable Lifestyles and the Quest for Plenitude (2014)
Journal articles
"The Sharing Economy: labor, inequality and sociability on for-profit platforms" (Societal Transitions, 2017)
Complicating Conventionalization" (Journal of Marketing Management, 2017)
"Does the Sharing Economy Increase Inequality Within the Eighty Percent?: Findings from a Qualitative Study of Platform Providers" (2017, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society)
"Paradoxes of Openness and Distinction in the Sharing Economy" (2016, Poetics)
"Climate Discourse and Economic Downturns: The case of the United States 2008-2013" (2014, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions)
References
Sources
External links
Juliet Schor, Economics & Society
Juliet Schor at Boston College
Books at the Internet Archive
Juliet Schor: Re-thinking Materialism: From competitive consumption to the eco-habitus
Juliet Schor on Keeping Up with the Joneses vs. Keeping Up with the Kardashians
Big Think Interview With Juliet Schor
Juliet Schor Iris Nights: Re-Thinking Materialism
Juliet Schor: Why do we work so hard?
Visualization of a Plenitude Economy
1955 births
Living people
American sociologists
American women sociologists
Environmental sociologists
Sociology educators
Economics educators
Mass media theorists
Wesleyan University alumni
University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Social and Behavioral Sciences alumni
Boston College faculty
Harvard University faculty
Radcliffe fellows
Working time
21st-century American women |
is a song by Japanese singer-songwriter Cocco, that was released as the lead single for her seventh original album, Emerald on June 9, 2010.
Writing
The song is a mid-tempo rock song, backed with Okinawan festival taiko drums. Nirai Kanai is a reference to the mythical utopia/origin of life in Ryukyuan religion. The song's lyrics reference this place, in the context of an Okinawan festival. The Dragon God of the sea is referenced, and the song also talks about how if good people exist in the world, bad people must also exist (in the lines "If there are praying people, there are also burning people" and "the rain also falls on criminals"). Other than "Nirai Kanai," several Okinawan phrases are in the lyrics: , , and a sentence in Okinawan: .
Cocco wrote the B-side, "Yagi no Sanpo," as a Christmas present to film director Ryūgo Nakamura, after he wrote her a letter expressing how much he enjoyed her music.
Promotion
"Nirai Kanai" was used as the ending theme song for the TV Tokyo music show Japan Countdown. "Yagi no Sanpo" was used as the theme song of then 14-year-old director Ryūgo Nakamura's debut feature-length film Yagi no Bōken.
Track listing
Chart rankings
Reported sales
References
External links
Victor "Nirai Kanai" product profile
Japanese songs
2010 singles
2010 songs |
The old Jewish cemetery in Hebron, is located to the west of the Tomb of Machpela on a hill and has been used as a Jewish cemetery for hundreds of years, as attested to by Ishtori Haparchi, who noted a Jewish cemetery in the area in 1322. Other sources indicate the cemetery being mentioned in a letter dated to 1290.
Among the prominent rabbinical sages and community figures buried in the cemetery include Rabbi Eliyahu de Vidas known as the Reshit Hokhma, Rabbi Abraham Azulai, Rabbi Solomon Adeni, Rabbi Elijah Mizrachi, Rabbi Chaim Hezekiah Medini known as the Sdei Chemed, Rabbi Judah Bibas, Rabbi Haim Rahamim Yosef Franco, Rabbi Hillel Moshe Gelbstein, Rabbi Shimon Menashe Chaikin, and Menucha Rochel Slonim. Menachem Mendel of Kamenitz, the first hotelier in the Land of Israel, references his visit to the grave of Eliyahu de Vidas in his 1839 book Sefer Korot Ha-Itim. He states, "here I write of the graves of the righteous to which I paid my respects." After describing the Cave of Machpela and the tombs of such Biblical figures as Ruth and Jesse, Othniel Ben Knaz and Abner Ben Ner, he reports, "I also went to a grave said to be that of the Righteous Rav, author of "Reshit Hokhma."During the Jordanian period (1948–1967), the cemetery was intentionally destroyed and the site was cultivated by Arab residents for growing produce. Around 4,000 tombstones were removed and used for construction purposes.
In the aftermath of the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel convened an inter-ministerial investigating committee to determine the scope of the desecration to Jewish holy sites under Jordanian rule. A local resident declared that before he ploughed the cemetery, a Muslim priest gave him permission "to clean away the graves of the Jews." A former member of the Hebron city council testified that a prominent Palestinian Arab councilor told him that the Jewish cemetery had been destroyed by direct order of the Jordanian government.
After Jews returned to Hebron, they requested that the old Jewish cemetery be reopened. As it was located in a hilly residential area opposite Hebron's main market, initially the Israeli government prohibited the cemetery from being used.
The cemetery was re-opened for civilian use once again in 1975 when Avraham Yedidya, the sixth month old child of an Hasidic artist Baruch Nachshon and his wife Sarah died of cot death. Initially the Israeli government refused permission to avoid angering local Palestinians, The bereaved mother walked past the roadblock and commiserating soldiers let her pass. Following the burial, the community made efforts to clean up the cemetery. Prof. Ben Zion Tavger, a Russian-Jewish physicist and refusenik who moved to Hebron initiated the refurbishing efforts in the mid 1970s. In time, refurbished tombstones were installed bearing the names of original community members. Since then the site has both attracted visitors from around Israel as well as being targeted by vandalism.
The cemetery also contains four mass graves with the remains of 59 victims of the 1929 Hebron massacre. A corner of the cemetery contains the remains of several Torah scrolls and Jewish prayer books which were torn up and set alight on the eve of Yom Kippur on October 3, 1976, at the Cave of the Patriarchs by rioters.
Every year hundreds of members of the Chabad Lubavitch hasidic movement attend the anniversary of the passing of Menucha Rochel Slonim, a granddaughter of the founder of Chabad, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi and a matriarch of the Hebron Jewish community. After a visit to the cemetery, a festive meal and gathering is held attracting top rabbis from around the country.
A small synagogue and learning center was established in a historic building atop the cemetery called the Menucha Rochel kollel.
It was the tradition of the Hebron community not to engrave names on tombstones. Due to the expulsion of the community and subsequent vandalism of the cemetery, the exact identification of many plots were lost. In 2016 a map was discovered that identifies the location of the graves.
See also
Israeli–Palestinian conflict in Hebron
References
Bibliography and External links
Photos of the Old Jewish Cemetery of Hebron
Video of the Old Jewish Cemetery of Hebron from Vimeo
Video of the Old Jewish Cemetery of Hebron via YouTube
Auerbach, Jerold S. (2009) Hebron Jews: Memory and Conflict in the Land of Israel.
Hebrew Wikipedia article on the cemetery
Schematic view of the old Hevron Cemetery
Jews and Judaism in Hebron
Rabbis in Hebron
Hebron
Hebron |
This is a list of buildings that are examples of the Art Deco architectural style in Minnesota, United States.
Ely
Ely City Hall and Fire Department, Ely, 1920s
Ely Community Center, Ely, 1938
Ely State Theater, Ely, 1936
Faribault
Faribault Viaduct, Faribault, 1937
Faribault Water Works, Faribault, 1933–1938
Rice County Courthouse and Jail, Faribault, 1910 and 1934
Thomas Scott Buckham Memorial Library, Faribault, 1930
International Falls
Alexander Baker School, International Falls, 1914
E.W. Backus Junior High School, International Falls, 1936
Pete Peterson Band Shell, International Falls, 1930s
Minneapolis
Aaron and Naomi Friedell House, Minneapolis, 1940
Avalon Theater, Minneapolis, 1924 and 1937
Boulevard Theatre, Minneapolis, 1933
Brede Exhibits-Plus, Minneapolis, 1940s
CenturyLink Building (former Qwest Building), Minneapolis, 1932
Christ Church Lutheran, Minneapolis, 1948
Cream of Wheat Building, Minneapolis, 1928
Dwight C DeMaine, D.D.S. offices, Minneapolis, 1938
Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank, Minneapolis, 1942
First Avenue, Minneapolis, 1937
Forum Cafeteria, Minneapolis, 1914, 1930
Foshay Tower, Minneapolis, 1929
General Mills Laboratories, Minneapolis, 1930
Hollywood Theater, Minneapolis, 1935
Midtown Exchange, Minneapolis, 1927
Minneapolis Armory, Minneapolis, 1936
Minneapolis Post Office, Minneapolis, 1933
Minnesota Veterans Home, Minneapolis, 1911
Modern Times Cafe (former Modern Dry Cleaner), Minneapolis
Murray's, Minneapolis, 1946
Oak Street Cinema, Minneapolis, 1935
Orpheum Theatre, Minneapolis, 1921
Parkway Theatre, Minneapolis, 1931
Rand Tower, Minneapolis, 1929
Riverview Theater, Minneapolis, 1948
Midtown Exchange, Minneapolis, 1927
Second Church of Christ Scientist, Minneapolis, 1930
Uptown Theater, Minneapolis, 1939
V. M. S. Kaufmann House, Minneapolis, 1936
Washburn Park Water Tower, Minneapolis, 1931
Wells Fargo Center, Minneapolis, 1988
Varsity Theater, Dinkytown, Minneapolis, 1915, 1939
Zinsmaster Apartments (former Zinsmaster Baking Company), Minneapolis
Saint Paul
Como Park Zoo and Conservatory Zoological Building, Saint Paul, 1936
First National Bank Building, Saint Paul, 1915
Grandview Theater, Saint Paul, 1933
Krank Manufacturing Company building, Saint Paul, 1926
Mickey's Diner, Saint Paul, 1937
Minnesota Building, Saint Paul, 1929
Minnesota Milk Company Building, Saint Paul
Robert Street Bridge, Sant Paul, 1926
Roy Wilkins Auditorium, Saint Paul, 1932
Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse, Saint Paul, 1932
Saint Paul Women's City Club, Saint Paul, 1931
United States Post Office and Customs House, Saint Paul, 1934
Other cities
Alworth Building, Duluth, 1910
Bigfork Village Hall, Bigfork, 1937
Blue Earth Post Building, Blue Earth, 1930s
Brandon Auditorium, City Hall, and Fire Department, Brandon, 1936
Cozy Theatre, Wadena, 1929
David Park House, Bemidji, 1936
Edina Theatre, 3911 West 50th Street, Edina, 1934 and 1981
Grey Eagle Village Hall, Grey Eagle, 1934
Hibbing Disposal Plant, Hibbing, 1939
Hibbing Memorial Building, Hibbing, 1935
Jefferson Elementary School, Winona, 1938
KFAM Radio Station, St. Cloud
Milaca Municipal Hall, Milaca, 1936
Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, New Ulm
Minnesota State Fair 4-H Building, Falcon Heights, 1940
Minnesota State Fair Horticulture Building, Falcon Heights, 1947
Municipal Building – City Hall and Fire Department, Alden, 1938
Naniboujou Club Lodge, East Cook, 1928
NorShor Theatre, Duluth, 1940s
Pastime Arena (now Roller Garden), St. Louis Park, 1930
Plummer Building, Rochester, 1927
Red River History Museum (former school), Shelly
Rialto Theatre, Aitkin, 1937
Roosevelt Hall, Barrett, 1934
United States Post Office, Marshall, 1938
Washington–Kosciusko School, Winona, 1934
Waverly Village Hall, Waverly, 1939
Willmar City Auditorium, Willmar, 1938
Willmar Municipal Airport, Willmar, 1934
Winona City Hall, Winona, 1939
Worthington Band Shell, Worthington, 1941
See also
List of Art Deco architecture
List of Art Deco architecture in the United States
References
"Art Deco & Streamline Moderne Buildings." Roadside Architecture.com. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
Cinema Treasures. Retrieved 2022-09-06
"Court House Lover". Flickr. Retrieved 2022-09-06
"New Deal Map". The Living New Deal. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
"SAH Archipedia". Society of Architectural Historians. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
External links
Art Deco
Art Deco architecture in the United States
Minnesota-related lists |
James Dutton may refer to:
James Dutton, 1st Baron Sherborne (1744–1820), British peer
James Dutton, 3rd Baron Sherborne (1804–1883), British peer
James Dutton, 6th Baron Sherborne (1873–1949), British peer
James Dutton (actor) (born 1982), English actor
James Dutton (astronaut) (born 1968), American astronaut
James Dutton (Royal Marines officer) (born 1954), former Governor of Gibraltar |
The Union Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent Union College, located in Barbourville, Kentucky, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Appalachian Athletic Conference (AAC) for most of its sports since the 2002–03 academic year; while its men's & women's bowling and archery teams compete in the Mid-South Conference (MSC), which they previously competed as a full member from 1995–96 to 2001–02.
Varsity teams
Union College competes in 22 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country, football, golf, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball; and co-ed sports include archery and cheerleading. Former sports included men's lacrosse, co-ed cycling and co-ed dance. Intramural sports vary according to student request.
Notable people
Derek Smith, an American soccer player who currently plays for Cincinnati Kings in the USL Premier Development League.
References
External links
Union College (Kentucky) |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=en>
<head>
<!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
<link rel=preload as=script href=../js/jquery.min.js>
<link rel=preload as=script href=../js/bootstrap.min.js>
<link rel=preload as=script href=../js/tracks.min.js>
<link rel=preload as=style href=../css/schedule.css>
<link rel=preload as=style href=../css/font-awesome.min.css>
<link rel=preload as=style href=../css/bootstrap.min.css>
<link rel=preload as=font href="path_to_url" crossorigin>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content="IE=edge">
<meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
<meta name=description content="FOSSASIA Summit 2017 Schedule">
<meta name=author content="">
<title>FOSSASIA Summit 2017</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="" type=image/x-icon>
<link href="path_to_url" rel=stylesheet>
<link rel=stylesheet href=../css/font-awesome.min.css>
<link rel=stylesheet href=../css/bootstrap.min.css>
<link rel=stylesheet href=../css/schedule.css>
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="path_to_url"></script>
<script src="path_to_url"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<a href=#track-list class=skip>Skip to content</a>
<a class=scroll href=# id=down-button data-scroll-direction=0>
<i class="fa fa-chevron-up" aria-hidden=true></i>
</a>
<a id=top></a>
<!-- Fixed navbar -->
<header role=banner class="navbar-fixed-top navbar-default js-navbar">
<div class=container>
<div class="navbar-header navbar-left pull-left">
<a class=navbar-brand style=padding:px href=../ >
<img alt="../FOSSASIA Summit 2017" class="logo logo-dark" src=../images/de0938ef-4786-44f8-9794-08200f9ccc37.png>
</a>
</div>
<div class="navbar-header navbar-right pull-right">
<span class="pull-right dropdown">
<button class=navbar-toggle type=button data-toggle=dropdown><i class="fa fa-lg fa-paper-plane" aria-hidden=true></i> <span class=caret></span> </button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu list-menu">
<li><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-twitter" aria-hidden=true title=twitter></i></a></li>
<li><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-facebook" aria-hidden=true title=facebook></i></a></li>
<li><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden=true title=youtube-play></i></a></li>
<li><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-flickr" aria-hidden=true title=flickr></i></a></li>
<li><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-github" aria-hidden=true title=github></i></a></li>
<li><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-linkedin" aria-hidden=true title=linkedin></i></a></li>
</ul>
</span>
<button class="navbar-toggle pull-right">
<a id=speakerslink href=../speakers.html>Speakers</a>
</button>
<span class="pull-right dropdown">
<button class=navbar-toggle type=button data-toggle=dropdown>Schedule <span class=caret></span> </button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu list-menu">
<li><a id=schedulelink href=../schedule.html><i class="fa fa-lg fa-calendar" aria-hidden=true></i> Schedule</a></li>
<li><a id=trackslink href=../tracks.html><i class="fa fa-lg fa-map-signs" aria-hidden=true></i> Tracks</a></li>
<li><a id=roomslink href=../rooms.html><i class="fa fa-lg fa-building" aria-hidden=true></i> Rooms</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
<a id=homelink href=../index.html><button class="navbar-toggle pull-right homelink"><i class="fa fa-lg fa-home" aria-hidden=true></i></button></a>
</div>
<div class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm clearfix"></div>
<div class="side-collapse in">
<nav role=navigation class=navbar-collapse>
<div class=search-container>
<input id=search-box type=text class="search-box fossasia-filter">
<label for=search-box><span class=search-icon><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden=true></i></span></label>
</div>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li class=navlink><a id=homelink href=../index.html>Home</a></li>
<li class=navlink><a id=schedulelink href=../schedule.html>Schedule</a></li>
<li class=navlink><a id=trackslink href=../tracks.html>Tracks</a></li>
<li class=navlink><a id=roomslink href=../rooms.html>Rooms</a></li>
<li class=navlink><a id=speakerslink href=../speakers.html>Speakers</a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-twitter" aria-hidden=true title=twitter></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-facebook" aria-hidden=true title=facebook></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden=true title=youtube-play></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-flickr" aria-hidden=true title=flickr></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-github" aria-hidden=true title=github></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-linkedin" aria-hidden=true title=linkedin></i></a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="container session-container">
<div class="row single-session" id=3028>
<a href=javascript:history.back() id=backButton>
<i class="fa fa-3x fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden=true></i>
</a>
<h3> Friday, 17th Mar </h3>
<div class=eventtime><span class=time-track>12:10 - 12:19</span></div>
<div class=session-content>
<div class="sizeevent event event-title" id=title-3028 style=background-color:#ff3737;color:#fff;margin-right:0;cursor:unset>
#CodeHeat Contest Ceremony | Open Tech
<a class="bookmark features">
<i class="fa fa-star" aria-hidden=true>
</i>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<hr class=clear-both>
</div>
<div id=desc-3028 class=session-speakers-list aria-expanded=false aria-controls=desc-3028>
<a href=../speakers.html#hong-phuc-dang2240>
<div class=session-speakers-less>
<p class=session-speakers>
<img onerror='this.onerror=null,this.src="../images/avatar.png"' src=../images/speakers/thumbnails/c91f2759-50ba-41c2-9fab-8362d2f7a319.jpg class="lazy card-img-top speaker-image-large">
</p>
<span class=desc-speaker-name>Hong Phuc Dang</span>
</div>
</a>
<div class="blacktext session-speaker-social margin-down-10">
<div class=session-speakers-more>
</div>
</div>
<div class="blacktext session-speaker-social">
<div class=session-speakers-more>
<a class="session-lin social speaker-social clickable-link">
<i class="fa fa-share"></i> Share
</a>
<div class="social-buttons row">
<div class="fb-share facebook social-button">
<i class="fa fa-facebook fa s-button" aria-hidden=true></i>
</div>
<div class="tw-share twitter social-button">
<i class="fa fa-twitter fa s-button" aria-hidden=true></i>
</div>
<div class="go-share google social-button">
<i class="fa fa-google-plus fa s-button" aria-hidden=true></i>
</div>
<div class="li-share linkedin social-button">
<i class="fa fa-linkedin fa s-button" aria-hidden=true></i>
</div>
<div class="row social-link">
<input class=speakers-inputbox type=text onclick=this.select() value=base#3028 readonly=readonly>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr class=clear-both>
<div class=blacktext>
<p> <a href=../rooms.html#2017-03-17-Annexe_Hall_(Ground_Floor)>Annexe Hall (Ground Floor)</a></p>
<p>Friday, 17th Mar, <span>12:10 - 12:19</span></p>
<p>
</p><ul class=session-ul>
<li style=background-color:#ff3737;color:#fff class=titlecolor></li>
<li><a href=../tracks.html#2017-03-17-Open_Tech> Open Tech </a> </li>
</ul>
<p></p><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<input id=gcalendar-id type=hidden value="">
<input id=gcalendar-key type=hidden value="">
<div class=footer-container>
<footer class=classic>
<div class=container>
<div class="row ui-sortable">
<div id=menuItem class="col-sm-2 col-md-2 col-xs-12">
<ul class=menu>
<li><a target=_self href=../index.html#description>About</a></li>
<li><a target=_self href=../index.html#ticket-button>Tickets</a></li>
<li><a target=_self href=../schedule.html>Schedule</a></li>
<li><a target=_self href=../tracks.html>Tracks</a></li>
<li><a target=_self href=../rooms.html>Rooms</a></li>
<li><a target=_self href=../speakers.html>Speakers</a></li>
<li><a class="inner-link back-to-top" href=#top>Back To Top</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id=copyright class="col-sm-7 col-md-7 col-xs-12">
<p>
<a href=""><img src=path_to_url
© 2017
FOSSASIA and Science Centre Singapore.
The website and its contents are licensed under
<a href=""> Attribution. </a>
The site was generated using the Open Event format on the <a href=path_to_url >eventyay</a> <a href=path_to_url >site generator</a>. Please submit issues <a href=path_to_url
</p>
</div>
<div class="contact-details col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12">
<ul class=contact-methods>
<li class=address>
<i class="fa fa-map-marker"></i>
<div>, Science Centre Singapore, 15 Science Centre Road Singapore 609081 </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row ui-sortable">
<div class="col-sm-12 text-center">
<ul class=social-profiles>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-twitter" aria-hidden=true title=twitter></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-facebook" aria-hidden=true title=facebook></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden=true title=youtube-play></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-flickr" aria-hidden=true title=flickr></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-github" aria-hidden=true title=github></i></a></li>
<li class="pull-left social-icons"><a href=path_to_url id=social-icons><i class="fa fa-lg fa-linkedin" aria-hidden=true title=linkedin></i></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<script src=../js/jquery.min.js></script>
<script src=../js/bootstrap.min.js></script>
<script src=../js/session.min.js></script>
<script src=../js/tracks.min.js></script>
<script src=../js/sweetalert.min.js></script>
<script src=../js/main.min.js></script>
<script>
var eventInfo = {};
eventInfo.name = "../FOSSASIA Summit 2017";
eventInfo.name = eventInfo.name.substring(eventInfo.name.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
let videoURL = "";
let id = "3028";
$('#add-to-calendar').click(function() {
main.handleAuthClick('#CodeHeat Contest Ceremony','Annexe Hall (Ground Floor)','2017-03-17T12:10:00+00:00','2017-03-17T12:19:00+00:00','Asia/Singapore','');
});
if($('#video-' + id).length === 0) {
if (videoURL !== null && videoURL !== '') {
if (videoURL.indexOf('v=') !== -1) {
videoURL = videoURL.split('v=')[1].replace(/[&#].*/, '');
$('#desc-' + id).prepend('<iframe id = "video-' + id + '" class = "video-iframe col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12" src="path_to_url + videoURL + '" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>');
}
else if (videoURL.indexOf('path_to_url !== -1) {
videoURL = videoURL.split('path_to_url
console.log(videoURL);
$('#desc-' + id).prepend('<iframe id = "video-' + id + '" class = "video-iframe col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12" src="path_to_url + videoURL + '" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>');
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
``` |
Testudinata is the group of all tetrapods with a true turtle shell. It includes both modern turtles (Testudines) and many of their extinct, shelled relatives (stem-turtles), though excluding Odontochelys and Eorhynchochelys, which are placed in the more inclusive Pantestudines.
History
Though it was first coined as the group containing turtles by Jacob Theodor Klein in 1760, it was first defined in the modern sense by Joyce and colleagues in 2004. While the ancestral condition for the clade is thought to be terrestrial, members of the subclade Mesochelydia, which contains almost all known testudinatans from the Jurassic onwards, are thought to be ancestrally aquatic.
Classification
The cladogram below follows an analysis by Jérémy Anquetin in 2012.
References
Reptile taxonomy
Norian first appearances
Extant Late Triassic first appearances
Taxa named by Jacob Theodor Klein |
The Cathedral Church of St Patrick, Trim is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Trim, County Meath, Ireland. Previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Meath, it is now one of two cathedrals in the United Dioceses of Meath and Kildare which is part of the ecclesiastical province of Dublin.
History
The tower is a remnant of the medieval parish Church of Trim.
Walter de Brugge, an English-born judge, was appointed vicar of St. Patrick's in 1381. Robert Dyke, a very senior Crown official and future Lord Treasurer of Ireland, became vicar in 1435. Philip Norris, the notably controversial and outspoken Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, was vicar here in the 1440s and 1450s.
Bishops have been enthroned here since 1536 but it was not raised to Cathedral status until 1955.
The tower clock commemorates Dean Butler, the historian of Trim. Stained glass in the West window was the first-ever stained glass designed by Edward Burne-Jones. In 1992 the cathedral was re-roofed and beams renewed in the gallery.
See also
Dean of Clonmacnoise - List of deans of St Patrick's
References
Anglican cathedrals in the Republic of Ireland
Trim
Trim, County Meath
Tourist attractions in County Meath |
Dayanand Anglo Vedic Public School, Midnapore (West Bengal) () (DAV Midnapore) is a self-funded private school located in Midnapore, West Bengal. The School is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi and belongs to the Dayanand Anglo Vedic College Trust & Management Society
, which owns more than 800 educational institutes in India and abroad. The trust was established in 1885 inspired by the ideas of Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati.
History and Infrastructure
DAV Public School, Midnapore (West Bengal) is a 10 + 2 co- educational private school, affiliated to CBSE. It made a humble beginning in the year 1993. Now It stands grand in an area 5 acres of land having Two big play grounds. The school is managed by DAV College Managing Committee, New Delhi through Regional Directorate, Cuttack, with active co- operation of Local Managing Committee. The school is located in Midnapore at Daak Bungalow Road by Kansabati river side.
References
Schools in Paschim Medinipur district
Schools affiliated with the Arya Samaj
Educational institutions established in 1993
1993 establishments in West Bengal |
The (You Drive Me) Crazy Tour (also known as Crazy 2k Tour) was the second concert tour by American entertainer Britney Spears, launched in support of her first and second studio albums, ...Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000). The tour was designed as a continuation of the ...Baby One More Time Tour (1999) and a prelude to the Oops!... I Did It Again Tour (2000). It was sponsored by Got Milk? and Polaroid.
The tour was divided into various segments, with each segment being followed by an interlude to the next segment, and it ended with an encore. The set list consisted of nine songs, seven from ...Baby One More Time and two from Oops!... I Did It Again, her then-upcoming album. The show was recorded and broadcast on Fox, and a DVD entitled Britney Spears: Live and More! was released in November 2000.
Background and development
On December 17, 1999, during the premiere of the music video for "From the Bottom of My Broken Heart" on Total Request Live, Spears called the show to announce March US tour dates. The tour was designed as a continuation of the ...Baby One More Time Tour and a prelude to her future world tour. The leg's main sponsor was Got Milk?. Media director Peter Gardiner explained, "Britney is magic with teen-age girls, and that's an absolutely crucial target for milk". Spears shot an advertising campaign to be shown before her performances began. The secondary sponsor was Polaroid and the corporation released the Polaroid I-Zone as the official camera of the tour. Spears also used the I-Zone onstage to take pictures of the audience and further promote the product.
The stage of the (You Drive Me) Crazy Tour was similar to that of the ...Baby One More Time Tour, although much bigger. There were many special effects, including smoke machines and fireworks that erupted during the show. There was a giant projection screen that resembled the magical mirror from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Also present was a mechanical magic carpet in which Spears sat and flew over the first 100 feet above the crowd. Spears, who had five costumes changes during the show, was joined on stage by eight dancers. The setlist consisted of nine songs, seven from her debut album and two songs from her then-upcoming album, Oops!... I Did It Again (2000).
Concert synopsis
The show opened with a skit in which the dancers came out of lockers and stayed in the stage until a bell rang. They all sat until a female teacher voice started calling their names. After the teacher called Spears, she emerged at the top of the staircase in a cloud of smoke, wearing a top and white stretch pants, to perform a short dance mix of "...Baby One More Time". She then entered one of the lockers and appeared in another one on the opposite side of the stage to perform "(You Drive Me) Crazy". Spears briefly talked to the audience, the segment continued with performances of "Born to Make You Happy" and "I Will Be There". After a dance interlude, Spears appeared onstage sitting on the magic carpet and flew over the audience while singing "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know". When she returned to the stage, she performed another song from her upcoming album, "Oops!... I Did It Again". Spears addressed the audience again before the "Who is the Ultimate Heartbreaker?" interlude, in which her dancers picked a boy from the audience and invited him onstage. Spears took to the stage again wearing a jacket and dedicated the performance of "From the Bottom of My Broken Heart" to the boy. She took off her jacket to reveal a pair of black pants that featured a sequined red heart in the back and performed "The Beat Goes On". After two interludes that presented her dancers and band, Spears appeared onstage to perform "Sometimes". The encore consisted of a dance-oriented performance of "...Baby One More Time".
Critical response
Jae-Ha Kim of the Chicago Sun-Times said that Spears "showed why she has got a leg up on blonder competitors such as Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson and Mandy Moore. Aguilera may have a better voice (and a Grammy to validate it), but Spears has that 'it' factor that worked for pinup queens of the past, such as Farrah Fawcett". Adam Graham of Central Michigan Life commented that "although the show was only about 10 songs long and the authenticity of her voice was in question throughout, it was really truly hard to walk away feeling anything but completely gratified". Dave Tianen of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel believed that the show "was energetic, good-humored, fast-paced and bright".
During the tour, accusations of lip synching arose. Spears talked to Rolling Stone about the accusations, saying,
"There's a delay in the screen above me, so if you listen to the music and watch the screen, they don't sync up. I think that confuses people. But I'm singing every song. I'm singing my ass off. [...] There are times during the show, when I'm dancing so much, where I get out of breath, and we have a signal where I'm dying and they'll help me out. Believe me, I'd give anything to do a show where I just sit there and sing".
Broadcasts and recordings
On April 24, 2000, the concert at Hilton Hawaiian Village in Honolulu, Hawaii was taped. On June 5, 2000, it was broadcast in a special in Fox. On November 21, 2000, Jive Records released the Britney Spears: Live and More! DVD, which included the Fox special. It was certified three-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of 300,000 copies in DVD units.
Supporting acts
LFO (North America) (select venues)
Destiny's Child (Hawaii)
Set list
The following set list is from the show on March 14, 2000, in Auburn Hills, Michigan. It is not representative of all concerts for the duration of the tour.
"(You Drive Me) Crazy"
"Born to Make You Happy"
"I Will Be There"
"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know"
"Oops!... I Did It Again"
"From the Bottom of My Broken Heart"
"The Beat Goes On"
"Sometimes"
Encore
"...Baby One More Time"
Tour dates
Cancelled shows
Box office score data
Notes
References
Britney Spears concert tours
2000 concert tours
fr:Crazy 2K Tour
Concert tours of North America
Concert tours of the United States |
Jodhpur railway station (station code:- JU) is a major railway station located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. The railway station is under the administrative control of North Western Railway of Indian Railways. Railway minister Ashwini Vaishnav who also hails from Jodhpur, proposed the rejuvenation plan of Jodhpur railway station in 500 crore and directed the officials to complete it within 3 years
History
Jodhpur railway station was opened in 1885 under the jurisdiction of New Jodhpur Railway The first train ran from Jodhpur to Luni on 9 March 1885. The New Jodhpur Railway was later combined with Bikaner Railway to form Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway in 1889 A Railway line was completed between Jodhpur and Bikaner in 1891, Later in 1900, lt combined with Jodhpur–Hyderabad Railway (some part of this railway is in Pakistan) leading to connection with Hyderabad of Sindh Province Later in 1924 Jodhpur and Bikaner Railways worked as independent Railways. After Independence, a part of Jodhpur Railway went to West Pakistan (And Mein Point is Jodhpur Railway Station And Workshop 1917 to 1956 Under The ShivNath Ji Bhakrecha And First Men In India And Built 5 Number Osi Coach More Coaches And ShivNath Ji Is Very Powerful Man.)
Overview
Jodhpur Railway Station has 5 platforms and a total of 6 tracks. To decongest the main Jodhpur station (JU), the suburban station Bhagat Ki Kothi railway station (BGKT) was developed as the second main station for passenger trains.
Railway reorganization
Jodhpur–Bikaner line was merged with the Western Railway on 5 November 1951. Later North Western Railway came into existence on 1 October 2002. Jodhpur is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.
Suburban stations
References
External links
Railway stations in India opened in 1885
Transport in Jodhpur
Railway stations in Jodhpur district
Buildings and structures in Jodhpur
Jodhpur railway division |
Pont-la-Ville ( ) is a municipality in the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
History
Pont-la-Ville is first mentioned in 1228 as Pont la vila. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Ponnendorf, however, that name is no longer used.
Geography
Pont-la-Ville has an area, , of . Of this area, or 66.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 17.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 16.0% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.8%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 8.1%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 7.4% is used for growing crops and 57.9% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.
The municipality is located in the Gruyère district, on the banks of the Saane/Sarine river and the Lake of Gruyère.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, a Bridge masoned Argent issuant from water proper.
Demographics
Pont-la-Ville has a population () of . , 8.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 24.3%. Migration accounted for 16.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 10%.
Most of the population () speaks French (424 or 92.4%) as their first language, German is the second most common (21 or 4.6%) and Portuguese is the third (4 or 0.9%). There are 3 people who speak Italian.
, the population was 50.3% male and 49.7% female. The population was made up of 262 Swiss men (45.7% of the population) and 26 (4.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 261 Swiss women (45.5%) and 24 (4.2%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 212 or about 46.2% were born in Pont-la-Ville and lived there in 2000. There were 147 or 32.0% who were born in the same canton, while 57 or 12.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27 or 5.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 28.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 11.5%.
, there were 190 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 229 married individuals, 16 widows or widowers and 24 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 165 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 34 households that consist of only one person and 12 households with five or more people. , a total of 159 apartments (76.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 37 apartments (17.9%) were seasonally occupied and 11 apartments (5.3%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.42%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 36.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (20.8%), the SVP (20.3%) and the FDP (9.1%).
The CVP lost about 5.0% of the vote when compared to the 2007 Federal election (41.6% in 2007 vs 36.6% in 2011). The SPS moved from third in 2007 (with 16.9%) to second in 2011, the SVP moved from second in 2007 (with 22.0%) to third and the FDP retained about the same popularity (11.0% in 2007). A total of 199 votes were cast in this election, of which 7 or 3.5% were invalid.
Economy
, Pont-la-Ville had an unemployment rate of 2.8%. , there were 35 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 5 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 29 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 7 businesses in this sector. There were 238 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.9% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 56. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 26, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 5, all of which were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 25. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 8.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 17 or 68.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 4 or 16.0% were in education.
, there were 9 workers who commuted into the municipality and 163 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 18.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 6.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 63% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 400 or 87.1% were Roman Catholic, while 14 or 3.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.44% of the population), and there were 8 individuals (or about 1.74% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 17 (or about 3.70% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 18 individuals (or about 3.92% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Pont-la-Ville about 132 or (28.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 57 or (12.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 57 who completed tertiary schooling, 57.9% were Swiss men, 26.3% were Swiss women and 8.8% were non-Swiss women.
The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into gymnasium (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend a Tertiary school or continue their apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 56 students attending 3 classes in Pont-la-Ville. A total of 120 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality, but 5 students attended kindergarten in a neighboring municipality. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 56 students. During the same year, there were no lower secondary classes in the municipality, but 21 students attended lower secondary school in a neighboring municipality. There were no upper Secondary classes or vocational classes, but there were 10 upper Secondary students and 28 upper Secondary vocational students who attended classes in another municipality. The municipality had no non-university Tertiary classes, but there was one non-university Tertiary student who attended classes in another municipality.
, there were 19 students in Pont-la-Ville who came from another municipality, while 48 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg |
Gouna is a village and rural commune in Niger.
History
The rural community Gouna was founded in 2002 as part of a nationwide administrative reform from the Canton Gouna. During floods in 2008, 887 inhabitants were classified as injured. 37 houses were destroyed and 37 fields were flooded.
Population
In the 2001 census, there were 39,700 inhabitants in Gouna. In 2010, 53,902 inhabitants were calculated.
References
Communes of Niger
Zinder Region |
Hammerberg is a family name. Notable people with it include:
Billie Hammerberg (1936–1995), Australian actress
Francis P. Hammerberg (1920–1945), American naval diver
Traci Hammerberg (1966–1984), American murder victim
See also
USS Hammerberg |
The Vulnerability Index is a survey and analysis methodology for "identifying and prioritizing the street homeless population for housing according to the fragility of their health". It is a pragmatic methodology based on concern and inquiry into the reasons for recurring fatalities of homeless living in the outdoor urban context. It was developed by Jim O'Connell of Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program.
According to its proponents, his work succeeded in pinpointing the health problems that led to homeless persons being "most at risk for dying on the street". He lists eight conditions, in medical terminology called "markers". According to Common Ground, a national organization to house the homeless, 40% of the Boston mortality was attributable to those factors.
In its formulation as currently promulgated by Common Ground, the index includes these factors:
hospitalizations/emergency department visits in a year, age, HIV-AIDS, liver disease or kidney disease, history of frostbite, immersion foot, or hypothermia, and tri-morbidity. Tri-morbidity is co-occurring disorder (psychiatric, substance abuse) with a chronic medical condition.
A national drive is underway by Common Ground to piggy back data collection for the VI onto the bi-annual homeless enumeration count mandated for communities participating in the Continuum of Care grant program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Its proponents contend that such demand side data will assist in placements and getting needy individuals off the street, whereas critics argue that it is intrusive and not likely to lead to increased supply of housing.
The Vulnerability Index has been used outside of the north eastern United States. Cities include Charlotte, North Carolina, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Santa Monica, California. Los Angeles, California, Santa Barbara, California, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Chicago, Illinois. By June 2011, it had also been deployed in various cities in Australia.
Antecedent use of the concept
A vulnerability index for the environmental concerns was developed by the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). They noted that the concept of vulnerability could be applied to various "levels or issues". They specifically noted that it could be applied to "a single issue... or to assess a complex entity such as a country." In sociological research, a distinction is made between indexes and scales. The former often weights variables equally but in any case does not register patterns of data. A scale on the other hand presents a structure in which certain patterns of the variables tend to aggregate at one end of the scale and go together in ascending order.
Earliest use
Papers associated with Small independent developing societies research used the term "vulnerability index" long before its adoption by O'Connell. United Nations – DPCSD (1997). This took two forms; the term was used in combination with a qualifier. Examples are "environmental vulnerability index" and "Economic Vulnerability Index". However, the raw term "Vulnerability Index" appeared in an epinonymous background paper cited by Professor Lino Briguglio, University of Malta, an expert on "the development of indices for measuring the economic and environmental vulnerability of small island developing states".
Critique of the Index
There are critics of the index that suggest that it is overly positivistic and reductivist – reducing the experience of homelessness by those persons to counts, numbers and statistics. Instead critics suggest more nuanced information from the disenfranchised and more varied perspectives on the homelessness issue be included in assessment of needs. For example, feminists and qualitative input. The suggestion is that the research relies too heavily on "experts" and governmental organizations and think-tanks. The Ontario Coalition Against Poverty was openly critical of the homogenizing effects the survey could lead to as it was employed to shape homelessness services policies, leading to a reductive and overly simplistic approach to meeting this population's needs.
The index is also credited, erroneously perhaps, on reducing homelessness where we see comments like "The launch of the 100,000 Homes Campaign by Common Ground has since given communities across the country innovative new methods and tools to house our homeless neighbors. One such tool is the Vulnerability Index." The tool then is being conflated with an increase in the housing of the most vulnerable and chronically homeless persons. However, it is the use of the tool within the context of a model of Housing First that appears to be the vehicle that shapes the experience and perceptions of homeless persons by the outreach workers administering the VI and it is this change that further motivates those outreach workers to assist these homeless persons into housing proper. Accordingly, the index itself it not the tool that moves persons out of homelessness it is their assessment of vulnerability taken into and within the model of housing first, brought to a systematized program of intake that values and makes that VI score a priority over other kinds of evidence that may or may not be included in that assessment. Evidence on how the VI could be contributing to changes in affective experience by outreach workers of homelessness persons risk assessment then needs documentation to verify that experiential profiling is not leading to self-selection and lack of validity of the tool in its current application framework.
References
External links
http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/homeless/library/webcast101006/point_in_time_slides.pdf
Homelessness
Humanitarian aid
Measurements and definitions of poverty |
Arabs in India are people with Arab origins who have over a long period of time, settled in the Indian subcontinent. There have been extensive trade and cultural links between India and the Arab world spanning several millennia. The west coast region of India, especially Malabar and Konkan coasts were active trading hubs, where Arab merchants frequently used to visit on their way to Sri Lanka and South East Asia. Over a span of several centuries, migrants from different Arabian nations immigrated to various regions and kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent as merchants, missionaries and through intermarriages.
Communities
The earliest immigrants from the Arab world arrived as merchants to the Malabar coastal region of South West India, today consisting of the state of Kerala. Many of these Arab merchants intermarried with local women. Concentrations of these mixed-race descendants of Arab merchants can be found especially in the Kozhikode and Malappuram districts of Kerala. There also have been historic and close links between the Orthodox churches of South-West India and the Christian Arab orthodox churches in the middle east for several centuries, especially among the Orthodox Christians in India and Syria, which they maintain until this day and many of the Christians from these communities have claimed their ancestors are Arabs and the DNA results support this claim with Haplogroup G-M201 and Haplogroup J-M304 being prominent.
Descendants of Arabs also live in the villages of Variav and Rander in Gujarat. In Hyderabad, Chaush are an Arab community of Hadhrami descent whose ancestors were recruited as soldiers by Nizam of Hyderabad. Konkani Muslims trace their ancestry to traders from Hadhramaut(in Yemen or South Arabia). In coastal Karnataka, a group of Persian speaking Sunni Muslims from Iraq having Assadi surname arrived in Mangalore during the reign of Tipu Sultan. They claim their ancestry from Banu Assad. These population migrations may have been favoured by both the Nizam of Hyderabad and Tipu Sultan of Mysore because both had their ancestral linkages to these populations. The Asaf Jahi Dynasty claimed Arab ancestry from Asir Province and Tipu Sultan from the Bani Hashim of Hijaz Province in Arabia. Many Arabs having Adnani ancestry such as Quraishi, Ansari tribes and other descendants of the Sahaba were employed by the Princely States in their military as they were found efficient during warfare in Gujarat and Karnataka. In Kerala, Syed Thangals of Hadhrami descent settled around the 17th century as missionaries to propagate Islam.
There are also Shia Sayyids in the Northern region of the country who claim descent from Wasit, Iraq like Zaidis although some are falsely claiming this ancestry. Sunni Sayyid of the country also claim Arab descent from Sufi missionaries although these claims are also dubious. Most of the Sufis migrated from Persia. Sunni Sayyids claim their Arab ancestry through Imam Hassan or Imam Hussain, in which case their names may be Hassani, Hussaini, Hashmi, Naqvi and Bukhari. Some also claim descent from both and are termed "Najeeb al-Tarfayn" or "Noble on both sides". Many Sufi Saints such as Abdul-Qadir Gilani and Moinuddin Chishti and their descendants claim themselves as Najeeb al-Tarfayn however some claim this descent falsely. Indian Sheikhs also claim Arab descent from Sufis or migrants. They belongs Quraish tribe and trace lineage from Umar – Farooqi, Abu Bakr- Siddiqui, Uthman – Usmani and Alvi – Alawi , Alvi Awan or Mir, who established the Rashidun Caliphate. Mainly Sheikhs who trace their lineage to Quraish tribe are Quraishi. Many who can vaguely trace their lineage to the Quraish tribe call themselves Quraishi. Many having the name Ansari claim their lineage to the Ansar tribes of Madina Munawwara and the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad such as Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. Many of the present Indian Sheikhs converted from Hindu castes such as Kayasth and Rajput.
There are also descendants of Syed Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari and through his grandson Syed Jahaniyan Jahangsht, who can trace their lineage to the Twelve Imams from the lineage of Imam Ali al-Hadi (known as Imam Naqi). The Sufi Saint Jalaludin Surkh Posh settled in modern-day Punjab to spread Islam.
During the early twentieth century, the Arabs abandoned Arabic for Urdu. Each clan is of equal status, but the Quraishis are accorded seniority on account of the fact that they were from the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad.
The community have remained strictly endogenous, with virtually no cases of intermarriage with native Indian ethnolinguistic communities such as the Gujaratis.
Arab ancestry among Indians
It is estimated that several groups in India have Middle Eastern Arab ancestry. Especially Muslim groups and various populations in western India have at least some Arab ancestry. Genetic analyses show that Arab and other West Asian lineages are quite common in Indians.
See also
India–Saudi Arabia relations
India–United Arab Emirates relations
Arab diaspora
Adnani Arabs
Chaush (India)
References
Social groups of Gujarat
Muslim communities of India
Muslim communities of Gujarat
Ethnic groups in India
India
Hadhrami people
Immigration to India
Diasporas in India |
Thomas County is the name of several counties in the United States:
Thomas County, Georgia
Thomas County, Kansas
Thomas County, Nebraska |
```java
package com.kalessil.phpStorm.phpInspectionsEA.lang;
import com.kalessil.phpStorm.phpInspectionsEA.PhpCodeInsightFixtureTestCase;
import com.kalessil.phpStorm.phpInspectionsEA.inspectors.languageConstructions.ArgumentUnpackingCanBeUsedInspector;
final public class ArgumentUnpackingCanBeUsedInspectorTest extends PhpCodeInsightFixtureTestCase {
public void testIfFindsAllPatterns() {
myFixture.enableInspections(new ArgumentUnpackingCanBeUsedInspector());
myFixture.configureByFile("testData/fixtures/lang/argument-unpacking.php");
myFixture.testHighlighting(true, false, true);
myFixture.getAllQuickFixes().forEach(fix -> myFixture.launchAction(fix));
myFixture.setTestDataPath(".");
myFixture.checkResultByFile("testData/fixtures/lang/argument-unpacking.fixed.php");
}
}
``` |
Eugnosta namibiana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Namibia.
References
Endemic fauna of Namibia
Moths described in 2004
Eugnosta |
Dar Parchin or Darparchin () may refer to:
Dar Parchin-e Olya
Dar Parchin-e Sofla |
A. Mani was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Ulundurpet constituency in the 1996 elections. The constituency was reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. He was a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party.
References
Year of birth missing
Possibly living people
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1996–2001
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians |
Mount John Jay, also known as Boundary Peak 18, a summit located on the border between Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska, U.S. and Kitimat–Stikine, British Columbia, Canada. It is named after American statesman and diplomat John Jay, one of the Founding Fathers.
References
Mountains of Alaska
Mountains of Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska
North American 2000 m summits
Two-thousanders of British Columbia
Cassiar Land District |
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar (MCAS Miramar) , formerly Naval Auxiliary Air Station (NAAS) Miramar and Naval Air Station (NAS) Miramar, is a United States Marine Corps installation that is home to the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, which is the aviation element of the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force. It is located in Miramar, San Diego, California, about north of Downtown San Diego.
The airfield has been named Mitscher Field since 1955, after Admiral M.A. Mitscher, who was the commander of Task Force 58 during World War II. The air station is the former location of Pacific Fleet fighter and Airborne Early Warning and Control aircraft (F-4 Phantom II, F-14 Tomcat, E-2 Hawkeye) and is best known as the former location of the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School (NFWS), its TOPGUN training program and the movie of the same name. In 1996, NFWS was relocated to Naval Air Station Fallon in western Nevada, 60 miles east of Reno and merged into the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC). During the heyday of TOPGUN at NAS Miramar, the station was nicknamed "Fightertown USA".
Geography
The base contains . It is bisected by Kearny Villa Road and Interstate 15. The area east of Kearny Villa Road, called "East Miramar", is undeveloped and is used for military training. Miramar is recognized as the world's largest Master Jet Air Station.
History
Kumeyaay Native Americans were the first inhabitants in the vicinity of the base. Spain claimed the San Diego area in 1542 and colonized it beginning in 1769. In 1846, the crown issued a land grant that included the area of the current base to Don Santiago Argüello. After the American Civil War, the land was divided and sold to people such as Edward Scripps, a newspaper publisher from the eastern United States, who developed a ranch on the site. It was Scripps who named the area Miramar, meaning "view of the sea". The land was predominantly used for grazing and farming into the early 20th century.
1918–1941
During World War I, the U.S. Army acquired of land in the Miramar Ranch area, on a mesa north of San Diego. Camp Kearny was opened on 18 January 1917 and was named after Stephen W. Kearny, who was commander of the Army of the West during the Mexican–American War. The base was primarily used to train infantrymen on their way to the battlefields of Europe. During World War I, an airstrip was never built on the property, although Army and U.S. Navy aircraft from Naval Air Station North Island did land on the parade deck. Following the Armistice, the base was used to demobilize servicemen and was closed on 20 October 1920. More than 1,200 buildings were demolished when the camp closed.
Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis airplane was built in nearby San Diego. Lindbergh used the abandoned Camp Kearny parade field to practice landings and take-offs before making his historic solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
During the 1930s, the Navy briefly used the air base for helium dirigibles. In 1932, a mooring mast and hangar were built at the camp for the dirigibles, but when the program was abandoned, the base was quiet again.
World War II
By the time World War II began, Miramar was already undergoing a “precautionary” renovation. Camp Holcomb (later renamed Camp Elliott) was built on part of old Camp Kearny, to be used for U.S Marine Corps artillery and machine gun training. Camp Elliott became home to Fleet Marine Force Training Center, West Coast, and the 2nd Marine Division, charged with defending the California coast. Runways were constructed in 1940, and the 1st Marine Air Wing arrived on December 21 of that year. The Navy commissioned Naval Auxiliary Air Station (NAAS) Camp Kearny in February 1943, specifically to train crews for the Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, which was built less than away in San Diego. A month later, the Marines established Marine Corps Air Depot Camp Kearny, later renamed Marine Corps Air Depot Miramar, to avoid confusion with the Navy facility.
The big Privateers proved too heavy for the asphalt concrete runway the Army had installed in 1936 and the longer runways built in 1940, so the Navy added two concrete runways in 1943.
During the 1940s, both the Navy and the Marine Corps occupied Miramar. East Miramar (Camp Elliott) was used to train Marine artillery and armored personnel, while Navy and Marine Corps pilots trained on the western side. The bases were combined and designated Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in 1946.
Naval Air Station
In 1947, the Marines moved to MCAS El Toro in Orange County, California, and Miramar was redesignated as NAAS Miramar (Naval Auxiliary Air Station Miramar). It became NAS Miramar (Naval Air Station Miramar) on 1 March 1952. In 1954, the Navy offered NAS Miramar to San Diego for $1 and the city considered using the base to relocate its airport. But it was deemed at the time to be too far away from most residents and the offer was declined.
Only the western half of Miramar's facilities were put to use; the old east station began to deteriorate, with many buildings sold as scrap. Miramar found new life as a Navy Master Jet Station in the 1950s. The eastern half, former Camp Elliot, was used by the United States Air Force for Project Orion (having been transferred temporarily), and later by NASA; it was the site of several launches. The base really came into its own during the Vietnam War. The Navy needed a school to train pilots in dog-fighting and in fleet air defense. In 1969, the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established organizationally as part of VF-121, which was then the F-4 Phantom Fleet Replacement Aviation Maintenance Personnel (FRAMP), which trained the maintainers who joined the fleet as qualified "Phantom Phixeres".
In October 1972, Miramar welcomed the F-14 Tomcat and fighter squadron VF-124, a former Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS) tasked with the mission to train new Tomcat crews. Formerly, VF-124 had been training pilots in the F-8 Crusader. That task was handed over to Light Photographic Squadron 63 (VFP-63) that then became "Crusader College" The first two operational Tomcat squadrons, VF-1 known as the "Wolfpack" and VF-2 known as the "Bounty Hunters," trained here before deploying aboard in 1974.
NAS Miramar was also the west coast E-2 squadrons home. VAW-110 the west coast fleet replacement squadron and fleet squadrons VAW-112, VAW-113, VAW-114 (disestablished 1995), VAW-116 and VAW-117. With the change to MCAS Miramar, the training squadron was disestablished and moved to NAS Norfolk, Virginia. The fleet squadrons were moved to NAS Point Mugu, California.
1990s–Present: Marine Corps Air Station
In 1993, the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) commission recommended that MCAS El Toro and MCAS Tustin be closed down and that NAS Miramar be transferred to the Marine Corps. BRAC also recommended that all Navy Pacific Fleet F-14 aircraft and squadrons (with the exception of those assigned to Carrier Air Wing 5 in Japan) and Pacific Fleet F-14 training be consolidated with the Atlantic Fleet and be relocated to NAS Oceana, Virginia. BRAC recommended that Pacific Fleet E-2C training be consolidated with Atlantic Fleet E-2C training at NAS Norfolk, that all Pacific Fleet E-2C aircraft and squadrons (with the exception of those assigned to Carrier Air Wing 5 in Japan) be relocated to NAS Point Mugu, and that the Naval Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN) and Navy Reserve adversary squadron VFC-13 be relocated to NAS Fallon, Nevada.
In 1999, MCAS El Toro and MCAS Tustin were closed and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing returned to Miramar when it officially became Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. On October 1, 1997, Colonel Thomas A. Caughlan became the first Marine commanding officer of MCAS Miramar since World War II. Caughlan was also the last commanding officer of MCAS Tustin.
In 2005, the BRAC Commission directed instructor pilots and support personnel from Miramar to Eglin AFB in Florida, sufficient to stand up the Marine Corps' portion of the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter program (JSF) Training Site. This will lead to an eventual phasing out of fighter pilot training at Miramar by 2015 as the F/A-18 Hornets are retired.
In 2006, the San Diego County Proposition A proposed obtaining 3000 acres (12 km2) at MCAS Miramar to develop a commercial airport. The proposition was defeated 62 percent opposed to 38 percent in favor.
Noise
Numerous noise complaints have been lodged against MCAS Miramar (and its predecessor, NAS Miramar) going back for decades funded partly by real estate developers (Pardee Construction Co). MCAS Miramar is located near the center of the City of San Diego. It is surrounded on three sides by residential areas including Mira Mesa, Scripps Ranch, University City, Clairemont, and Tierrasanta. MCAS Miramar has a web site and phone number that people can call to register complaints about noise. To lessen the noise impact to the community, MCAS Miramar has made adjustments to their operations over the years, including the use of hush-houses, limitations on engine run-ups, and modification to flight plans. In spite of efforts, noise complaints remain an issue in 2019.
Based units
Flying and notable non-flying units based at MCAS Miramar:
United States Marine Corps
Marine Corps Installations – West
Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron – UC-12W Huron and UC-35D Citation
1st Marine Logistics Group
Combat Logistics Regiment 15 (CLR-15)
Combat Logistics Company 11 (CLC-11)
3rd Marine Aircraft Wing
Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron 3
Marine Air Control Group 38
Marine Tactical Air Command Squadron 38
Marine Wing Communications Squadron 38
Marine Aircraft Group 11
Marine Aerial Refueller Squadron 352 (VMGR-352) – KC-130J Hercules
Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 11 (MALS-11)
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 232 (VMFA-232) – F/A-18C/D Hornet
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 311 (VMFA-311) – F-35C Lightning II
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 314 (VMFA-314) – F-35C Lightning II
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 323 (VMFA-323) – F/A-18C Hornet
Marine Fighter Attack Training Squadron 502 (VMFAT-502)– F-35B Lightning II
Marine Aircraft Group 16
Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 16 (MALS-16)
Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 361 (HMH-361) – CH-53E Super Stallion
Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 462 (HMH-462) – CH-53E Super Stallion
Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 465 (HMH-465) – CH-53E Super Stallion
Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 466 (HMH-466) – CH-53E Super Stallion
Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron 161 (VMM-161) – MV-22B Osprey
Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron 163 (VMM-163) – MV-22B Osprey
Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron 165 (VMM-165) – MV-22B Osprey
Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron 166 (VMM-166) – MV-22B Osprey
Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron 362 (VMM-362) – MV-22B Osprey
Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron 764 (VMM-764) – MV-22B Osprey
Marine Wing Support Group 37
Marine Wing Support Squadron 373 (MWSS-373)
United States Navy
Navy Personnel Command
Naval Consolidated Brig Miramar
United States Air Force
Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC)
Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center
Air Force Security Forces Center
Detachment 2 (GSU)
Crashes
There have been a number of aviation accidents:
On 4 December 1959, an F3H Demon with Navy pilot ENS Albert Joe Hickman crashed into the adjoining community of Clairemont Mesa. The pilot stayed with the aircraft to avoid hitting a school. The city named an elementary school in Mira Mesa after him.
On 12 August 1968, a U.S. Navy Vought F-8 Crusader (F-8C) fighter jet of VF-124 crashed while returning to (then) NAS Miramar, from nighttime Sidewinder missile training with three other F-8 Crusader fighters. The pilot, LT (JG) Roman S. Ohnemus, 25, did not eject, and died in the crash. The incident occurred in the dark, early morning hours in remote, brush-covered terrain (somewhat level except for narrow valleys), north of (then) NAS Miramar, and Miramar Road, west of U.S. Highway 395 (now Interstate 15), and south of Black Mountain. A small brush fire was started by the crash. Live missiles presented a dangerous crash site to the first-arriving state forestry firefighters, who were woken by the crash. They were from the nearby (between 1 and 2 miles) Miramar California Division of Forestry (now CalFire) fire station.
On 22 December 1969, an F-8J Crusader of VF-194 crashed into a hangar at NAS Miramar, after the pilot ejected. 14 died and 30 were injured. Pilot Lt. C. M. Riddell ejected safely. Five other fighters, including two F-4 Phantoms, were damaged in the repair facility fire that ensued. Helicopters and military and civilian ambulances were used to transport the injured to Balboa Naval Hospital, San Diego.
On 27 March 1978, an F-14 Tomcat from VF-1 crashed into I-15 just short of the runway and was stopped on the northbound lanes by a concrete divider. One aviator in the Tomcat was killed.
On 7 November 1978, an A-4 Skyhawk used by the Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels, crashed and the pilot was killed.
On 11 March 1985, an F-8 Crusader crashed into a parking lot of a nearby industrial park. The pilot ejected safely.
On 3 December 1985, U.S. Navy Capt Henry M. Kleeman was killed when his F/A-18 Hornet skidded 5000 feet and flipped on a wet runway.
On 21 March 1987 an F-14 Tomcat crashed just south of Poway Road, into the canyons of what is now the Mercy Road area, approximately 4 miles from the base. Both crewmembers ejected safely.
On 26 June 1987, an A-3 Skywarrior from VQ-1 was practicing night Field Carrier Landing Practice (FCLP) - The aircraft impacted the ground after turning downwind subsequent to take off. Three crewmembers were killed.
On 11 March 2004, a UC-35 crashed on east Miramar at the approach end of the runway. Four Marines were killed.
In November 2006, an F/A-18C Hornet crashed on the eastern perimeter of the base, with the pilot ejecting safely.
On 8 December 2008, four people were killed, two homes were destroyed and three homes were damaged when an F/A-18D Hornet crashed about from the base. The plane was returning from training exercises with the USS Abraham Lincoln, which was off the coast of San Diego. The pilot was attempting to steer the aircraft to an unpopulated area when he lost all engine, electrical and hydraulic power. He ejected safely.
On 24 August 2023, an F/A-18 Hornet crashed east of the base close to the I-15. The sole pilot aboard died after ejecting from the aircraft.
Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar
Miramar National Cemetery
On 30 January 2010, the Department of Veterans Affairs dedicated a new National Cemetery at the northwest corner of MCAS Miramar. The cemetery is an extension of Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery and when complete will accommodate approximately 235,000 deceased veterans and spouses.
Attractions
MCAS Miramar was home to the Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum, which closed in 2021.
The Miramar Airshow is a major airshow held at MCAS Miramar each October.
See also
Kearny Mesa, where MCAS Miramar is located
List of United States Marine Corps installations
List of airports in California
Pogogyne abramsii is an endangered plant found on the grounds of MCAS Miramar.
United States Marine Corps Aviation
San Diego International Airport is another airport located in San Diego.
Attribution
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
USMC Air Station Miramar Overview & PCS Information
Miramar Air Show
Flying Leathernecks Museum web site
Miramar National Cemetery official website
Miramar
Military facilities in San Diego County, California
Military in San Diego
World War II airfields in the United States
Military installations in California
Airports in San Diego County, California |
The mathematical discipline of topological combinatorics is the application of topological and algebro-topological methods to solving problems in combinatorics.
History
The discipline of combinatorial topology used combinatorial concepts in topology and in the early 20th century this turned into the field of algebraic topology.
In 1978 the situation was reversed—methods from algebraic topology were used to solve a problem in combinatorics—when László Lovász proved the Kneser conjecture, thus beginning the new field of topological combinatorics. Lovász's proof used the Borsuk–Ulam theorem and this theorem retains a prominent role in this new field. This theorem has many equivalent versions and analogs and has been used in the study of fair division problems.
In another application of homological methods to graph theory, Lovász proved both the undirected and directed versions of a conjecture of András Frank: Given a k-connected graph G, k points , and k positive integers that sum up to , there exists a partition of such that , , and spans a connected subgraph.
In 1987 the necklace splitting problem was solved by Noga Alon using the Borsuk–Ulam theorem. It has also been used to study complexity problems in linear decision tree algorithms and the Aanderaa–Karp–Rosenberg conjecture. Other areas include topology of partially ordered sets and Bruhat orders.
Additionally, methods from differential topology now have a combinatorial analog in discrete Morse theory.
See also
Sperner's lemma
Discrete exterior calculus
Topological graph theory
Combinatorial topology
Finite topological space
References
.
Further reading
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Combinatorics
Topology
Algebraic topology |
Rudolf Oskar Robert Williams Geiger (; ; 24 August 1894 – 22 January 1981) was a German meteorologist and climatologist. He was the son of Indologist Wilhelm Geiger and the brother of physicist Hans Geiger. He worked with Wladimir Köppen on climatology, hence the Köppen–Geiger climate classification.
References
Prof. Dr. Rudolf Geiger zum 70. Geburtstag. Festschrift herausgegeben von seinen Schülern. Universität München – Meteorologisches Institut. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen Nr. 9, 1964 (with image).
Baumgartner, Albert/ Nachruf – Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Rudolf Geiger. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Meteorologischen Gesellschaft Jg. 33, 1981, H. 1, S. 21–24.
.
German climatologists
German meteorologists
1894 births
1981 deaths
20th-century German scientists |
Jim Svejda (born 1947) is a former American music commentator and critic, born and raised in Chicago, on the Los Angeles FM radio station KUSC. He hosted the station's local week-nightly classical series The Evening Program, until retiring on February 18, 2022. From 1983 he hosted the Sunday night syndicated classical music program The Record Shelf,. He also hosted the now-cancelled series The Opera Box.
He opened with his program with the phrase: "Good evening. This is Jim Svejda." At the end of the The Evening Program, he concludes with the same piece he opened the program with the third movement from Piano Quartet No. 1 by Bohuslav Martinů with: "On behalf of engineers Steve Sevie, Steve Cogill and Mark Hofman, I hoped you enjoyed the last five hours..." Then Svejda proceeds how he will wrap off his Evening Program (insert day). At the end of each show, Svejda would announce: "This is Jim Svejda. Good evening." The Record Shelf featured items such as interviews with classical music notables, surveys of different recordings of a classical music piece, monthly critical surveys of recently released recordings, and noted, often rare historical recordings of great performers of the past. Svejda was praised for his articulate commentaries on these programs.
Svejda is considered by many to be refreshingly frank and subjective in his opinions. In his published Record Shelf Guide, Svejda himself describes the book as "an irreverent, selective and highly opinionated recordings guide of the best classical CDs and audiocassettes." He often has viewpoints that might be considered divergent from those of many other music critics.
While admitting that they sometimes have turned out excellent recordings, Svejda has been critical of such illustrious musicians as Vladimir Horowitz and Arturo Toscanini, as well as Herbert von Karajan (whom he has excoriated for his Nazi past) and especially Nikolaus Harnoncourt, whom Svejda has called an "incompetent bozo."
Svejda is also an occasional film critic, with his reviews syndicated on the CBS Radio Network. After 43 years at KUSC, Svejda announced his retirement. His last show was Friday, February 18th, 2022. Svejda's replacement, KUSC Resident Artist Lara Downes was announced as his successor on March 18, 2022. Since Christmas, Svejda has hosted the KUSC’s Annual Chanukkah Program. The program starts with the Chanukkah Story with Leonard Nimoy and The Western Wind before concluding with Handel’s oratorio Judas Maccabeus. He also hosted the New Year's Eve Bash. "The usual 7 hours of mirth, mayhem and questionable taste", Svejda announces.
References
American music critics
Classical music radio presenters
American radio personalities
1947 births
Living people |
```go
package hero
import (
stdContext "context"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"reflect"
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/kataras/golog"
"github.com/kataras/iris/v12/context"
"github.com/kataras/iris/v12/sessions"
)
var (
stdContextTyp = reflect.TypeOf((*stdContext.Context)(nil)).Elem()
sessionTyp = reflect.TypeOf((*sessions.Session)(nil))
timeTyp = reflect.TypeOf((*time.Time)(nil)).Elem()
mapStringsTyp = reflect.TypeOf(map[string][]string{})
)
func contextBinding(index int) *binding {
return &binding{
Dependency: BuiltinDependencies[0],
Input: &Input{Type: BuiltinDependencies[0].DestType, Index: index},
}
}
func TestGetBindingsForFunc(t *testing.T) {
type (
testResponse struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
}
testRequest struct {
Email string `json:"email"`
}
testRequest2 struct {
// normally a body can't have two requests but let's test it.
Age int `json:"age"`
}
)
var testRequestTyp = reflect.TypeOf(testRequest{})
var deps = []*Dependency{
NewDependency(func(ctx *context.Context) testRequest { return testRequest{Email: "should be ignored"} }),
NewDependency(42),
NewDependency(func(ctx *context.Context) (v testRequest, err error) {
err = ctx.ReadJSON(&v)
return
}),
NewDependency("if two strings requested this should be the last one"),
NewDependency("should not be ignored when requested"),
// Dependencies like these should always be registered last.
NewDependency(func(ctx *context.Context, input *Input) (newValue reflect.Value, err error) {
wasPtr := input.Type.Kind() == reflect.Ptr
newValue = reflect.New(indirectType(input.Type))
ptr := newValue.Interface()
err = ctx.ReadJSON(ptr)
if !wasPtr {
newValue = newValue.Elem()
}
return newValue, err
}),
}
var tests = []struct {
Func interface{}
Expected []*binding
}{
{ // 0
Func: func(ctx *context.Context) {
ctx.WriteString("t1")
},
Expected: []*binding{contextBinding(0)},
},
{ // 1
Func: func(ctx *context.Context) error {
return fmt.Errorf("err1")
},
Expected: []*binding{contextBinding(0)},
},
{ // 2
Func: func(ctx *context.Context) testResponse {
return testResponse{Name: "name"}
},
Expected: []*binding{contextBinding(0)},
},
{ // 3
Func: func(in testRequest) (testResponse, error) {
return testResponse{Name: "email of " + in.Email}, nil
},
Expected: []*binding{{Dependency: deps[2], Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: testRequestTyp}}},
},
{ // 4
Func: func(in testRequest) (testResponse, error) {
return testResponse{Name: "not valid "}, fmt.Errorf("invalid")
},
Expected: []*binding{{Dependency: deps[2], Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: testRequestTyp}}},
},
{ // 5
Func: func(ctx *context.Context, in testRequest) testResponse {
return testResponse{Name: "(with ctx) email of " + in.Email}
},
Expected: []*binding{contextBinding(0), {Dependency: deps[2], Input: &Input{Index: 1, Type: testRequestTyp}}},
},
{ // 6
Func: func(in testRequest, ctx *context.Context) testResponse { // reversed.
return testResponse{Name: "(with ctx) email of " + in.Email}
},
Expected: []*binding{{Dependency: deps[2], Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: testRequestTyp}}, contextBinding(1)},
},
{ // 7
Func: func(in testRequest, ctx *context.Context, in2 string) testResponse { // reversed.
return testResponse{Name: "(with ctx) email of " + in.Email + "and in2: " + in2}
},
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: deps[2],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: testRequestTyp},
},
contextBinding(1),
{
Dependency: deps[4],
Input: &Input{Index: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf("")},
},
},
},
{ // 8
Func: func(in testRequest, ctx *context.Context, in2, in3 string) testResponse { // reversed.
return testResponse{Name: "(with ctx) email of " + in.Email + " | in2: " + in2 + " in3: " + in3}
},
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: deps[2],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: testRequestTyp},
},
contextBinding(1),
{
Dependency: deps[len(deps)-3],
Input: &Input{Index: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf("")},
},
{
Dependency: deps[len(deps)-2],
Input: &Input{Index: 3, Type: reflect.TypeOf("")},
},
},
},
{ // 9
Func: func(ctx *context.Context, in testRequest, in2 testRequest2) testResponse {
return testResponse{Name: fmt.Sprintf("(with ctx) email of %s and in2.Age %d", in.Email, in2.Age)}
},
Expected: []*binding{
contextBinding(0),
{
Dependency: deps[2],
Input: &Input{Index: 1, Type: testRequestTyp},
},
{
Dependency: deps[len(deps)-1],
Input: &Input{Index: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf(testRequest2{})},
},
},
},
{ // 10
Func: func() testResponse {
return testResponse{Name: "empty in, one out"}
},
Expected: nil,
},
{ // 1
Func: func(userID string, age int) testResponse {
return testResponse{Name: "in from path parameters"}
},
Expected: []*binding{
paramBinding(0, 0, reflect.TypeOf("")),
paramBinding(1, 1, reflect.TypeOf(0)),
},
},
// test std context, session, time, request, response writer and headers bindings.
{ // 12
Func: func(stdContext.Context, *sessions.Session, *golog.Logger, time.Time, *http.Request, http.ResponseWriter, http.Header) testResponse {
return testResponse{"builtin deps"}
},
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[1]),
Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: stdContextTyp},
},
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[2]),
Input: &Input{Index: 1, Type: sessionTyp},
},
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[3]),
Input: &Input{Index: 2, Type: BuiltinDependencies[3].DestType},
},
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[4]),
Input: &Input{Index: 3, Type: timeTyp},
},
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[5]),
Input: &Input{Index: 4, Type: BuiltinDependencies[5].DestType},
},
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[6]),
Input: &Input{Index: 5, Type: BuiltinDependencies[6].DestType},
},
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[7]),
Input: &Input{Index: 6, Type: BuiltinDependencies[7].DestType},
},
},
},
// test explicitly of http.Header and its underline type map[string][]string which
// but shouldn't be binded to request headers because of the (.Explicitly()), instead
// the map should be binded to our last of "deps" which is is a dynamic functions reads from request body's JSON
// (it's a builtin dependency as well but we declared it to test user dynamic dependencies too).
{ // 13
Func: func(http.Header) testResponse {
return testResponse{"builtin http.Header dep"}
},
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[7]),
Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: BuiltinDependencies[7].DestType},
},
},
},
{ // 14
Func: func(map[string][]string) testResponse {
return testResponse{"not dep registered except the dynamic one"}
},
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: deps[len(deps)-1],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: mapStringsTyp},
},
},
},
{ // 15
Func: func(http.Header, map[string][]string) testResponse {
return testResponse{}
},
Expected: []*binding{ // only http.Header should be binded, we don't have map[string][]string registered.
{
Dependency: NewDependency(BuiltinDependencies[7]),
Input: &Input{Index: 0, Type: BuiltinDependencies[7].DestType},
},
{
Dependency: deps[len(deps)-1],
Input: &Input{Index: 1, Type: mapStringsTyp},
},
},
},
}
c := New()
for _, dependency := range deps {
c.Register(dependency)
}
for i, tt := range tests {
bindings := getBindingsForFunc(reflect.ValueOf(tt.Func), c.Dependencies, c.DisablePayloadAutoBinding, 0)
if expected, got := len(tt.Expected), len(bindings); expected != got {
t.Fatalf("[%d] expected bindings length to be: %d but got: %d of: %s", i, expected, got, bindings)
}
for j, b := range bindings {
if b == nil {
t.Fatalf("[%d:%d] binding is nil!", i, j)
}
if tt.Expected[j] == nil {
t.Fatalf("[%d:%d] expected dependency was not found!", i, j)
}
// if expected := tt.Expected[j]; !expected.Equal(b) {
// t.Fatalf("[%d:%d] got unexpected binding:\n%s", i, j, spew.Sdump(expected, b))
// }
if expected := tt.Expected[j]; !expected.Equal(b) {
t.Fatalf("[%d:%d] expected binding:\n%s\nbut got:\n%s", i, j, expected, b)
}
}
}
}
type (
service interface {
String() string
}
serviceImpl struct{}
)
var serviceTyp = reflect.TypeOf((*service)(nil)).Elem()
func (s *serviceImpl) String() string {
return "service"
}
func TestBindingsForStruct(t *testing.T) {
type (
controller struct {
Name string
Service service
}
embedded1 struct {
Age int
}
embedded2 struct {
Now time.Time
}
Embedded3 struct {
Age int
}
Embedded4 struct {
Now time.Time
}
controllerEmbeddingExported struct {
Embedded3
Embedded4
}
controllerEmbeddingUnexported struct {
embedded1
embedded2
}
controller2 struct {
Emb1 embedded1
Emb2 embedded2
}
controller3 struct {
Emb1 embedded1
emb2 embedded2 // unused
}
)
var deps = []*Dependency{
NewDependency("name"),
NewDependency(new(serviceImpl)),
}
var depsForAnonymousEmbedded = []*Dependency{
NewDependency(42),
NewDependency(time.Now()),
}
var depsForFieldsOfStruct = []*Dependency{
NewDependency(embedded1{Age: 42}),
NewDependency(embedded2{time.Now()}),
}
var depsInterfaces = []*Dependency{
NewDependency(func(ctx *context.Context) interface{} {
return "name"
}),
}
var autoBindings = []*binding{
payloadBinding(0, reflect.TypeOf(embedded1{})),
payloadBinding(1, reflect.TypeOf(embedded2{})),
}
for _, b := range autoBindings {
b.Input.StructFieldIndex = []int{b.Input.Index}
}
var tests = []struct {
Value interface{}
Registered []*Dependency
Expected []*binding
}{
{ // 0.
Value: &controller{},
Registered: deps,
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: deps[0],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, StructFieldIndex: []int{0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf("")},
},
{
Dependency: deps[1],
Input: &Input{Index: 1, StructFieldIndex: []int{1}, Type: serviceTyp},
},
},
},
// 1. test controller with pre-defined variables.
{
Value: &controller{Name: "name_struct", Service: new(serviceImpl)},
Expected: nil,
},
// 2. test controller with pre-defined variables and other deps with the exact order and value
// (deps from non zero values should be not registerded, if not the Dependency:name_struct will fail for sure).
{
Value: &controller{Name: "name_struct", Service: new(serviceImpl)},
Registered: deps,
Expected: nil,
},
// 3. test embedded structs with anonymous and exported.
{
Value: &controllerEmbeddingExported{},
Registered: depsForAnonymousEmbedded,
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: depsForAnonymousEmbedded[0],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, StructFieldIndex: []int{0, 0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(0)},
},
{
Dependency: depsForAnonymousEmbedded[1],
Input: &Input{Index: 1, StructFieldIndex: []int{1, 0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{})},
},
},
},
// 4. test for anonymous but not exported (should still be 2, unexported structs are binded).
{
Value: &controllerEmbeddingUnexported{},
Registered: depsForAnonymousEmbedded,
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: depsForAnonymousEmbedded[0],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, StructFieldIndex: []int{0, 0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(0)},
},
{
Dependency: depsForAnonymousEmbedded[1],
Input: &Input{Index: 1, StructFieldIndex: []int{1, 0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{})},
},
},
},
// 5. test for auto-bindings with zero registered.
{
Value: &controller2{},
Registered: nil,
Expected: autoBindings,
},
// 6. test for embedded with named fields which should NOT contain any registered deps
// except the two auto-bindings for structs,
{
Value: &controller2{},
Registered: depsForAnonymousEmbedded,
Expected: autoBindings,
}, // 7. and only embedded struct's fields are readen, otherwise we expect the struct to be a dependency.
{
Value: &controller2{},
Registered: depsForFieldsOfStruct,
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: depsForFieldsOfStruct[0],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, StructFieldIndex: []int{0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(embedded1{})},
},
{
Dependency: depsForFieldsOfStruct[1],
Input: &Input{Index: 1, StructFieldIndex: []int{1}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(embedded2{})},
},
},
},
// 8. test one exported and other not exported.
{
Value: &controller3{},
Registered: []*Dependency{depsForFieldsOfStruct[0]},
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: depsForFieldsOfStruct[0],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, StructFieldIndex: []int{0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(embedded1{})},
},
},
},
// 9. test same as the above but by registering all dependencies.
{
Value: &controller3{},
Registered: depsForFieldsOfStruct,
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: depsForFieldsOfStruct[0],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, StructFieldIndex: []int{0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf(embedded1{})},
},
},
},
// 10. test bind an interface{}.
{
Value: &controller{},
Registered: depsInterfaces,
Expected: []*binding{
{
Dependency: depsInterfaces[0],
Input: &Input{Index: 0, StructFieldIndex: []int{0}, Type: reflect.TypeOf("")},
},
},
},
}
for i, tt := range tests {
bindings := getBindingsForStruct(reflect.ValueOf(tt.Value), tt.Registered, false, false, false, DefaultDependencyMatcher, 0, nil)
if expected, got := len(tt.Expected), len(bindings); expected != got {
t.Logf("[%d] expected bindings length to be: %d but got: %d:\n", i, expected, got)
for _, b := range bindings {
t.Logf("\t%s\n", b)
}
t.FailNow()
}
for j, b := range bindings {
if tt.Expected[j] == nil {
t.Fatalf("[%d:%d] expected dependency was not found!", i, j)
}
if expected := tt.Expected[j]; !expected.Equal(b) {
t.Fatalf("[%d:%d] expected binding:\n%s\nbut got:\n%s", i, j, expected, b)
}
}
}
}
func TestBindingsForStructMarkExportedFieldsAsRequred(t *testing.T) {
type (
Embedded struct {
Val string
}
controller struct {
MyService service
Embedded *Embedded
}
)
dependencies := []*Dependency{
NewDependency(&Embedded{"test"}),
NewDependency(&serviceImpl{}),
}
// should panic if fail.
_ = getBindingsForStruct(reflect.ValueOf(new(controller)), dependencies, true, true, false, DefaultDependencyMatcher, 0, nil)
}
``` |
Matt Gray may refer to:
Matt Gray (footballer, born 1936) (1936–2016), Scottish footballer who emigrated to South Africa
Matt Gray (politician) (born c. 1980), American politician, member of the Colorado House of Representatives
Matt Gray (footballer, born 1981), English footballer and football manager for Sutton United
Matt Gray, songwriter on All I Wanna Do (Dannii Minogue song) and many other songs
See also
Matthew Gray (disambiguation) |
Mellit is a district of North Darfur state, Sudan. Its population was 135,831 in 2008.
References
Districts of Sudan |
Scientific Development Squadron 1 (VXS-1) is a United States Navy military support squadron that conducts numerous single-aircraft deployments around the world in support of a wide range of airborne research projects for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, United States Navy, U.S. Government, and its contracting agencies.
Mission statement
"Scientific Development Squadron (VXS) 1 conducts airborne scientific experimentation and advanced technology development in worldwide operations supporting U.S. Navy and national science and technology (S&T) priorities and war fighting goals. Supporting broadly based, multidisciplinary programs across the full spectrum of scientific research and applied technologies, our focus is toward the maritime application of new and improved airborne data collection techniques, experimental equipment, and system demonstration. While directly supporting scientific programs across the globe, we ensure that our work environment provides for the learning, personal growth, and respect of all our men and women and their families."
History
Formerly known as Flight Support Detachment, VXS-1 was established 13 December 2004, as commissioned by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Notice 5450.
Fleet Operations
Manned by Navy officers, enlisted sailors and government and private civilian personnel, the squadron is responsible for the maintenance and security of three uniquely configured NP-3C Orion turboprop research aircraft, a Beechcraft RC-12M Guardrail aircraft, and numerous TigerShark Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In 2019 VXS-1 acquired a UV-18 Twin Otter aircraft, the military equivalent of the DeHavilland DHC-6 – a high-wing, unpressurized twin engine turbine powered aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear.
Located on board the Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, VXS-1 is responsible for the training, qualifications, and proficiency of all assigned personnel, as well as the maintenance of the research aircraft, and detachment coordination.
Missions
2004 – The Detachment supported the Antarctic Sea Ice Campaign, flying missions in and around what was formerly known as the Palmer Peninsula on the Antarctic continent. The mission purpose was the evaluation of spatial variability to fully assess how accurately sea ice parameters can be derived based on a study of new ice emissivity, heat, and salinity fluxes over coastal waters and a determination of precise locations of ice edges.
2006 – VXS-1 flew the "Rampant Lion I" survey conducted by Naval Research Laboratory and U.S. Geological Survey scientists as part of an integrated remote sensing survey, mapping approximately two-thirds of the country of Afghanistan.
2008 – The team flew "Rampant Lion II". Built on data obtained in 2006, the team's modified NP-3D Orion aircraft assisted scientists with a dual focus – developing advanced geospatial collection; and analysis techniques to support the warfighter and economic infrastructure development in Afghanistan.
References
External links
VXS-1 (Naval Research Laboratory)
NAVAIR at PAX River
Test squadrons of the United States Navy
St. Mary's County, Maryland |
The 2000 Grand National (known as the Martell Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 153rd official renewal of the Grand National steeplechase that took place at Aintree Racecourse in England on 8 April 2000.
The race was won in a time of 9 minutes 9.7 seconds and by a distance of lengths by 10/1 shot Papillon, ridden by jockey Ruby Walsh. The winner was trained by his father Ted Walsh and ran in American Betty Moran's colours of green with ice blue piping. The field was limited to a maximum of 40 competitors of which 17 completed the course without mishap. None of the horses who failed to complete the course were injured.
Racecard
Leading contenders
Dark Stranger was sent off as the 9/1 favourite, largely due to his being the mount of champion jockey Tony McCoy. The pairing had won the Mildmay of Flete Handicap Chase at the recent Cheltenham meeting but had yet to win a race over three miles. The favourite backers' hopes were dashed early in the race when McCoy took a heavy fall at the third fence.
Star Traveller was a regular winner of good three mile chases prior to finishing third in a three-mile chase at the Cheltenham festival. The mount of Richard Johnson was sent off at 10/1 and led for much of the race before being pulled up after going lame when hitting the 25th fence.
Papillon was the subject of a huge public gamble from 33/1 to 10/1 on the day of the race. The Irish trained runner had undergone an unusual preparation of hurdles but had previously been second in the Irish Grand National and Irish Hennessey Cognac Gold Cup. Ruby Walsh kept his mount in the leading group throughout before taking the lead four fences from home, going on to win by lengths.
Bobbyjo was popular with the public having won the previous year's National and was sent off at 12/1. He was again partnered by Paul Carberry and featured prominently in the early stages of the race until making a bad mistake at the seventh fence. The pair were always struggling to stay in touch after that and finished 11th.
Earthmover was a top hunter chaser who had run steadily in three-mile chases, including the Welsh National where he finished third, leading many to view him as an ideal Aintree type. He was sent off at 14/1 and ridden by Joe Tizzard but the pair parted company at the fourth fence.
Micko's Dream was considered the form horse going into the race after winning two three-mile chases in January and February but was sent off at 14/1 due to concerns that the ground was not soft enough for him. His partnership with Jason Titley ended in a first-fence fall.
The Last Fling was also sent off at 14/1 after a string of encouraging performances over three miles during the season, although he was largely outpaced in the recent Cheltenham Gold Cup. Ridden by Seamus Durack, The Last Fling was always working hard to stay on the tail of the leading half-dozen before finishing seventh.
Young Kenny was regarded as a perfect Grand National horse after winning the Midlands Grand National, Scottish Grand National and Singer & Friedlander Grand National trial but was also faced with the task of trying to be the first horse to carry the 12 stone top weight to victory for over 20 years. He started at 14/1 with Brendan Powell in the saddle but the pair came to grief at the tenth fence.
The retirement of both Richard Dunwoody and Graham Bradley after the 1999 running left two-time former winner Carl Llewellyn as the most senior rider in the weighing room, weighing out for a National for the tenth time. Eventual winner Ruby Walsh was among five riders making their debut in the race with all the other debut riders acquitting themselves well. Future winner Barry Geraghty finished fifth with Ollie McPhail and Bruce Gibson also completing the course, while Jimmy McCarthy fell at the final fence.
Finishing order
Non-finishers
Media coverage
The BBC retained the rights to broadcast the race live for 41st consecutive year and it was shown as a Grandstand Grand National special. Sue Barker made her debut as the anchor presenter, making her the fifth person and first woman to host the BBC broadcast. Barker presented the programme from the unsaddling enclosure, which was situated outside where the weighing room bar is today, with interviews with celebrity racegoers, connections of the competitors, former Aintree heroes and the winning connections after the race.
The rest of the BBC team comprised Clare Balding as a roving reporter on the course and in the saddling boxes. Balding had also been the anchor presenter on BBC's coverage of the previous two days of the Aintree meeting. Angus Loughran brought betting news and Richard Dunwoody interviewed the riders in the weighing room. The racing commentary team for the third consecutive year was John Hanmer, Tony O'Hehir and lead commentator Jim McGrath who, for the third year, called the winner home.
A post-race re-run, using slow motion and additional camera angles, including inside fences was presented by Richard Pitman.
The BBC television pictures were also syndicated globally for international broadcast while independent television cameras were also on course to provide pictures and commentary for SIS, broadcast into UK bookmakers' outlets.
BBC Radio also presented a live race commentary for the 59th time since its first broadcast in 1927.
All of the major national daily newspapers in the UK published pullout sections of their Saturday morning editions ranging from four to sixteen pages with most including full colour guides of the competitors.
References
2000
Grand National
Grand National
Grand
April 2000 sports events in the United Kingdom |
Lam Sonthi (, ) is the easternmost district (amphoe) of Lopburi province, central Thailand.
History
Lam Sonthi was created as a minor district (king amphoe) on 1 April 1989, by splitting off five tambons from the district Chai Badan district. It was upgraded to a full district on 5 December 1996. The sixth tambon, Khao Noi, was created in 1994.
Geography
The name Lam Sonthi comes from the small Sonthi River that originates in the Sap Langka Wildlife Sanctuary, the last forest of Lopburi, in Tambon Kut Ta Phet, in the very north of the district.
Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Si Thep and Wichian Buri of Phetchabun province, Thep Sathit of Chaiyaphum province, Thepharak, Dan Khun Thot and Sikhio of Nakhon Ratchasima province, Muak Lek of Saraburi province, and Tha Luang and Chai Badan of Lopburi Province.
To the east the district boundary is formed by the Phang Hoei ridge, while the boundary in the northwest is formed by the Luak ridge, both ridges part of the Phetchabun mountain range.
Administration
The district is divided into six sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 49 villages (mubans). There are no municipal (thesaban) areas, and a further four tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
References
External links
amphoe.com
Lam Sonthi |
The Breitach is a mountain river, the southwestern (left) source of the Iller in the Allgäu Alps, in the states of Vorarlberg (Austria) and Bavaria (Germany).
Detail
The river originates in , a part of Mittelberg, in the Kleinwalsertal as the union of three smaller source streams. It flows in the northwestern direction through the valley that in earlier times was called ("Breitach Valley") after the river. At the , the Austrian-German border, the Breitach reaches German territory and curves through the narrow Breitachklamm. Then, the Starzlach flows from the west into the Breitach. At the so-called ("Iller origin") in Oberstdorf, the Breitach, the Stillach and the Trettach flow together forming the Iller.
Of geological interest are the so-called Breitach rocks; a mineral of brown color and of small fracture, it is only found in the Breitach.
References
Sources
Breitach-Flussbeschreibung für Kanusportler
Das Oberstdorfer Breitachtal
Rivers of Bavaria
Rivers of Vorarlberg
Rivers of Austria
Rivers of Germany
International rivers of Europe |
Buffalo High School may refer to:
Buffalo High School (Buffalo, Iowa)
Buffalo High School (Buffalo, Minnesota)
Buffalo High School (Buffalo, Missouri)
Buffalo High School (West Virginia)
Buffalo High School (Buffalo, Wyoming) |
Violet Smith is a former jockey.
Violet Smith may also refer to:
Violet Smith, character in the Sherlock Holmes short story "The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist"
Violet Smith, character in the film If I Had a Million
See also |
```c++
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#include "test/cpp/auto_parallel/spmd_rule_test_util.h"
namespace paddle {
namespace distributed {
namespace auto_parallel {
TEST(CrossEntropyInferSpmd, Ctor) {
std::vector<int64_t> x_shape = {32, 48};
std::vector<int64_t> mesh_shape = {2, 3};
std::vector<int64_t> process_ids = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
std::vector<std::string> dim_names = {"x", "y"};
ProcessMesh process_mesh(mesh_shape, process_ids, dim_names);
TensorDistAttr x_dist_attr = TensorDistAttr();
x_dist_attr.set_process_mesh(process_mesh);
x_dist_attr.set_dims_mapping(std::vector<int64_t>({0, -1}));
x_dist_attr.set_dynamic_dims(std::vector<bool>({false, false}));
TensorDistAttr label_dist_attr = TensorDistAttr();
label_dist_attr.set_process_mesh(process_mesh);
label_dist_attr.set_dims_mapping(std::vector<int64_t>({0, -1}));
label_dist_attr.set_dynamic_dims(std::vector<bool>({false, false}));
// forward
{
phi::distributed::DistMetaTensor x(phi::make_ddim(x_shape), x_dist_attr);
phi::distributed::DistMetaTensor label(phi::make_ddim(x_shape),
label_dist_attr);
int axis = 1;
auto spmdinfo =
CrossEntropyWithSoftmaxInferSpmd(x, label, false, true, true, 1, axis);
EXPECT_EQ(spmdinfo.first.size(), 2UL);
EXPECT_EQ(spmdinfo.second.size(), 2UL);
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.first[0], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.first[1], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.second[0], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.second[1], {0, -1});
check_partial_dims(spmdinfo.second[0], {});
VLOG(4) << "Test CrossEntropyWithSoftmaxInferSpmd sharding on other axes."
<< std::endl
<< std::endl
<< std::endl;
}
// test sharding along softmax axis.
{
x_dist_attr.set_dims_mapping(std::vector<int64_t>({0, 1}));
label_dist_attr.set_dims_mapping(std::vector<int64_t>({0, -1}));
phi::distributed::DistMetaTensor x(phi::make_ddim(x_shape), x_dist_attr);
phi::distributed::DistMetaTensor label(phi::make_ddim(x_shape),
label_dist_attr);
int axis = 1;
auto spmdinfo =
CrossEntropyWithSoftmaxInferSpmd(x, label, false, true, true, 1, axis);
EXPECT_EQ(spmdinfo.first.size(), 2UL);
EXPECT_EQ(spmdinfo.second.size(), 2UL);
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.first[0], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.first[1], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.second[0], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.second[1], {0, -1});
check_partial_dims(spmdinfo.second[0], {});
VLOG(4) << "Test CrossEntropyWithSoftmaxInferSpmd sharding on other axes."
<< std::endl
<< std::endl
<< std::endl;
}
// backward
{
std::vector<int64_t> loss_shape = {32, 1};
// Sharding along softmax axis.
x_dist_attr.set_dims_mapping(std::vector<int64_t>{0, 1});
label_dist_attr.set_dims_mapping(std::vector<int64_t>({0, 1}));
auto label = phi::distributed::DistMetaTensor(phi::make_ddim(x_shape),
label_dist_attr);
auto softmax =
phi::distributed::DistMetaTensor(phi::make_ddim(x_shape), x_dist_attr);
auto loss_dist_attr = x_dist_attr;
loss_dist_attr.set_dims_mapping(std::vector<int64_t>({0, -1}));
auto loss_grad = phi::distributed::DistMetaTensor(
phi::make_ddim(loss_shape), x_dist_attr);
int axis = 1;
auto spmdinfo = CrossEntropyWithSoftmaxGradInferSpmd(
label, softmax, loss_grad, true, true, true, 1, axis);
EXPECT_EQ(spmdinfo.first.size(), 3UL);
EXPECT_EQ(spmdinfo.second.size(), 1UL);
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.first[0], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.first[1], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.first[2], {0, -1});
check_dim_mapping(spmdinfo.second[0], {0, -1});
check_partial_dims(spmdinfo.second[0], {});
VLOG(4)
<< "Test CrossEntropyWithSoftmaxGradInferSpmd sharding on softmax axis."
<< std::endl
<< std::endl
<< std::endl;
}
}
} // namespace auto_parallel
} // namespace distributed
} // namespace paddle
``` |
Cull is an unincorporated community in eastern Howell County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located on a county road south of U.S. Route 160 and is approximately nine miles east of West Plains, near the eastern border of the county. The community of Rover in Oregon County lies about two miles to the east.
History
A post office called Cull was established in 1899, and remained in operation until 1936. The community is named after David W. Cull, who was credited with securing the town a post office.
References
Unincorporated communities in Howell County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri |
The ARIA Music Award for Best Independent Release, is an award presented at the annual ARIA Music Awards, which recognises "the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres", since 1987. It is handed out by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation whose aim is "to advance the interests of the Australian record industry."
Winners and nominees
In the following table, the winner is highlighted in a separate colour, and in boldface; the nominees are those that are not highlighted or in boldface. Winners are only provided where reliable sources do not mention of nominees.
References
External links
The ARIA Awards Official website
I |
April Sanders is a former educator, physician and former political figure in British Columbia, Canada. She represented Okanagan-Vernon in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1996 to 2001 as a Liberal.
Sanders taught elementary, secondary and post-secondary school students before studying medicine. She specialized in family practice and sports medicine. Sanders did not run for reelection in 2001.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
BC United MLAs
20th-century Canadian physicians
Physicians from British Columbia
20th-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian politicians
20th-century Canadian women politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Canadian educators
Canadian women educators
Canadian women physicians
Women MLAs in British Columbia
20th-century Canadian women physicians |
Warner is an English, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish given name that is an alternate form of Werner that is in use throughout North America, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, India, Pakistan, the British Isles, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Republic of Karelia, Estonia, Guyana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Cameroon and Nigeria. Notable people with this name include the following:
First name
Warner (fl. 1106) English writer of homilies
Warner Anderson (1911–1976), American actor
Warner Batchelor (1934–2016), Australian boxer
Warner Baxter (1889–1951), American film actor
Warner B. Bayley (1845–1928), American military officer
Warner Cope (1824–1903), American judge
Warner Earll (1814–1888), justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada
Warner Fite (1867–1955), American philosopher
Warner Fusselle (1944–2012), American sportscaster
Warner of Grez (died 1100), French nobleman
Warner Norton Grubb (1900–1947), American naval officer
Warner Norton Grubb III (1948–2015), American economist
Warner Hassells (fl. 1680-1710), German painter
Warner Hastings, 15th Earl of Huntingdon (1868–1939), British nobleman
Warner Jepson (1930–2011), American composer
Warner Jorgenson (1918–2005), Canadian politician
Warner T. Koiter (1914–1997), Dutch mechanical engineer
Warner E. Leighton (1930–2005), American film editor
Warner LeRoy (1935–2001), American businessman
Warner Mack (1935-2022) American singer-songwriter
Warner Madrigal (born 1984), Dominican baseball player
Warner McCollum (1933–2009), American gridiron football coach
Warner Mifflin (1745–1798), American abolitionist
Warner Miller (1838–1918), American politician
Warner Mizell 1907–1971), American gridiron football player
Warner Oland (1879–1938), Swedish actor
Warner Richmond (1886–1948), American actor
Warner S. Rodimon (1907–2005), American naval officer
Warner Sallman (1892–1968), American painter
Warner R. Schilling (1925–2013), American political scientist
Warner B. Snider (1880–1965), American politician
Warner Troyer (1932–1991), Canadian broadcast journalist and writer
Warner Underwood (1808–1872), American politician
Warner Westenra, 2nd Baron Rossmore (1765–1842), Irish politician
Warner Wing (1805–1876), American jurist and legislator
Warner Wolf (born 1937), American broadcaster
Warner P. Woodworth, American academic
Middle name
Augustine Warner Robins (1882–1940), American Air Force general
Caroline Warner Hightower (born 1935), American executive
David Warner Hagen (1931–2022), American Judge
George Warner Allen (1916–1988), British artist
Gerald Warner Brace (1901–1978), American writer, educator, sailor and boat builder
H. Warner Munn (1903–1981), American writer
Henry Warner Birge (1825–1888), American general
Hiram Warner Farnsworth (1816–1899), American abolitionist
J. Warner Wallace (born 1961), American detective
James Warner Bellah (1899–1976), American author
John Warner Barber (1798–1885), American engraver and historian
John Warner Fitzgerald (1924–2006), American politician and judge
John Warner Smith (born 1952), American poet and educator
Joseph Warner Murphy (1892–1977), Canadian politician
Julia Warner Snow (1863–1927), American botanist
K. Warner Schaie (born 1928), American gerontologist and psychologist
Margaret Warner Morley (1858–1923), American biologist, and author
William Warner Bishop (1871–1955), American librarian
See also
Wagner (given name)
Werner (name)
Notes |
Loxophlebia is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. The genus was erected by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1876.
Species
The genus includes the following species:
References
External links
Euchromiina
Moth genera |
The Duisburg Philharmonic Orchestra (in German: Duisburger Philharmoniker) is a German orchestra based in Duisburg. The orchestra was founded in 1877.
Conductors include:
Walter Josephson (1899 to 1920)
Paul Scheinpflug (1920 to 1928)
Eugen Jochum (1930 to 1933)
Otto Volkmann (1933 to 1944).
After World War II Georg Ludwig Jochum had the care of rebuilding the orchestra, followed by
Walter Weller (1971)
Miltiades Caridis (1975 to 1981)
Lawrence Foster (1982 to 1987)
Alexander Lazarev (1988 to 1993)
Bruno Weil (1994 to 2002)
Jonathan Darlington (2002 to 2011)
Giordano Bellincampi (2012 to 2017)
Axel Kober (2019 to present).
The Duisburg Philharmonic Orchestra is the accompanying orchestra of the Duisburg
Opera "Deutsche Oper am Rhein".
External links
Official site
References
Musical groups established in 1877
Culture in Duisburg
German symphony orchestras
1877 establishments in Germany |
Ratyczów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łaszczów, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately south of Łaszczów, east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Villages in Tomaszów Lubelski County |
Saumya Joshi (born 3 July 1973) is an Indian poet, writer, playwright, director and actor associated with Gujarati language literature, theatre and films. He is known in Gujarati theatre for his plays Welcome Zindagi and 102 Not Out. Greenroomma (2008; In the Greenroom) is his collection of poems. He has been awarded by Chandravadan Chimanlal Mehta Award for his contribution to Gujarati theatre in 2013. He is also recipient of the Yuva Gaurav Puraskar (2007) and Takhtasinh Parmar Prize (2008–09).
Early life
Joshi was born on 3 July 1973 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat to Jayant Joshi and Neela Joshi. He completed his primary and secondary education from Vijaynagar High School, Ahmedabad in 1990. He completed his Bachelor of Arts from H. K. Arts College, Ahmedabad in 1993 and Master of Arts from School of Languages of Gujarat University in 1995 with English literature as one of his subjects.
Career
Joshi started his career as a Professor of English literature in his alma mater H. K. Arts College in 1995. In 2010, he founded the Fade-In Theatre with other young theatre people. He left his job as a professor in September 2011 to pursue the theatre.
Joshi started to write poems at the age of 18. His first poem was published in Kavilok. Subsequently, his poems were published in other Gujarati magazines including Shabdasrishti, Kavita, Shabdalay, Navneet Samarpan, and Kumar. He debuted in Gujarati theatre with his play Rami Lo Ne Yaar!.
Works
Poetry
Greenroomma (In the Greenroom), his only collection of poems, was published in 2008. His poems are in different genres of poetry such as Ghazal, Nazm, Geet and Free verse and on different subjects such as Sex Worker, the Rana deserted by Meera, the boy at the Sivakasi fireworks factory, a shepherd named Jetho, the poor little sister, a labourer finding respite from the scorching sun beneath the gunny bag which he heaves. The book was critically acclaimed.
Plays
He debuted in Gujarati theatre with his play Rami Lo Ne Yaar!. He got critically acclaimed for his play Dost Chokkas Ahin Ek Nagar Vastu Hatu, a musical black comedy based on 2002 Gujarat riots. This play prompted The Week magazine to name Joshi as one of the 50 rising stars of India in 2003. Soon after, his play Aathma Taaru Nu Aakash became the first play from Gujarat to be selected for the prestigious Prithvi Theatre Festival in Mumbai in 2005. His other critically acclaimed and commercially successful plays are Welcome Zindagi and 102 Not out. 102 Not out is about a 102-year-old father who wants to break the world record of a Chinese man who has lived for 120 years. His other plays include Munjaro, Mahatma Bomb, Tu Tu Tu Tu Tu Tara and Dharo Ke Tame Manji Chho.
Films
His play 102 Not Out is adapted as a Hindi language Indian film 102 Not Out directed by Umesh Shukla. He is credited as a writer of the film. He also wrote dialogues and lyrics for 2018 Gujarati language film Hellaro.
Recognition
Joshi won Yuva Gaurav Puraskar (2007) and Takhtasinh Parmar Prize (2008-09) for his contribution in Gujarati literature. He received Chandravadan Chimanlal Mehta Award, named after renowned Gujarati dramatist Chandravadan Mehta, in 2013 for his contribution in Gujarati theatre. He is also a recipient of the Ravji Patel Award, Balvantray Thakor Prize and Sadbhavna Award (2014).
See also
List of Gujarati-language writers
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Writers from Ahmedabad
Poets from Gujarat
Gujarati-language writers
21st-century Indian poets
Gujarati-language poets
People from Ahmedabad district
Indian male poets
Gujarat University alumni
21st-century Indian male writers |
The Short Film () is the highest prize given to a short film at the Cannes Film Festival. Since the creation of the Cinéfondation section in 1998, a common Official Jury awards the Short Film as well as the prizes for the three best films of the Cinéfondation.
From 1952 to 1954 and from 1964 to 1974, the highest prize of the year for a short film was awarded as the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film, commonly referred to as Grand Prix.
Other short film awards
Before 1952, various prizes were awarded to short films, including a Grand Prix for Documentaries in 1947, five specific prizes in 1949, and a Grand Prix for Best Scientific Film in 1951.
During some years, short films are awarded the Prix du Jury, the Prix spécial du Jury, the Mention Spéciale, Hommage, and various prizes from the CST (Commission Supérieure Technique de l’Image et du Son), including the Grand Prix Technique.
List of Palme d'Or winners
The following list shows the short films that won the Short Film Palme d'Or, or the Grand Prix for the years that this was the highest prize awarded.
List of other awards
References
External links
Cannes Film Festival official website
Cannes Film Festival at IMDb
Lists of films by award
sk:Zlatá palma (Cannes)#Víťazi pre krátkometrážny film |
Callidula waterstradti is a moth of the family Callidulidae. It is found in Borneo, Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. It is predominantly a montane species, recorded at heights ranging from 1,200 to 1,930 meters.
The wingspan is 12–14 mm.
References
Callidulidae
Moths described in 1998 |
Dead to the World is the eighth studio album by the American alternative metal band Helmet, released on October 28, 2016. It is the band's first studio album since Seeing Eye Dog (2010), as well as their first release on earMUSIC and their first one with bassist Dave Case.
The first song to be released from the album, "Bad News", premiered on October 5, 2016.
Reception
AllMusic's James Christopher Monger awarded it three out of five stars, and wrote "the veteran, genre-juggling metal outfit's first collection of new music in six years, Dead to the World continues in the vein of 2010's Seeing Eye Dog, introducing elements of shoegaze and Foo Fighters-esque alt-rock into their already sizeable arsenal of sonic weaponry." He further adds, "fans looking for a direct line to the band's 'Unsung' heyday will find that the alt-metal might that fueled their early recordings is no longer dialed in at 11, but Hamilton remains a compelling figure who is just as content engaging the listener's cerebrum as he is in landing a haymaker."
Pitchfork writer Saby Reyes-Kulkarni gave the album 6.8 out of 10. Kulkarni wrote that, "Hamilton takes more chances than he ever has on Dead to the World", and that, "going all the way back to 1994’s Betty—Helmet's only other album with genuine variation —Hamilton proved that he was actually capable of introducing melody into the band's vocabulary without dulling its edge. [Both] Betty and 1997’s Aftertaste contain examples of Hamilton ingeniously weaving vocals and riffs together, expanding while also staying true to Helmet’s core sound. Try, for example, to sing a song like 'It's Easy to Get Bored' while playing (or even air-guitaring) the rhythm guitar part without tripping up. In such cases, Hamilton’s experimental instincts and songwriting acumen came together seamlessly. That doesn't happen nearly enough on Dead to the World, where too much of the material stumbles in a confused attempt to marry Hamilton’s increasingly generic pop sensibilities with the savagery of classic-era Helmet. The two elements don’t gel, and both sound forced."
Track listing
Personnel
Page Hamilton – lead guitar, vocals
Dan Beeman – rhythm guitar
Dave Case – bass
Kyle Stevenson – drums
Charts
References
2016 albums
Helmet (band) albums
Edel AG albums |
Jean Michaël Seri (born 19 July 1991) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for EFL Championship club Hull City and the Ivory Coast national team.
Club career
Early career in the Ivory Coast
In his native Ivory Coast, the young Seri was nicknamed "Galla", because he tried to emulate the former Monaco and Paris Saint-Germain midfielder Marcelo Gallardo, whose technical skills he admired. Seri joined the Ivorian football academy that was opened in 2001 by the Ivorian footballer Cyril Domoraud. "Jean is gifted, intelligent and respectful," Domoraud said in retrospect. "In his young days, he was one step ahead of the others, thanks to his ball control."
Born in the south-western city of Grand-Béréby, Seri began his career as a youth player with Abidjan club Africa Sports d'Abidjan in July 2007. The best clubs in Ivory Coast fought for his services. In January 2010, Seri started his career as a senior player by joining ASEC Mimosas, the most successful club in Ivorian football, where he needed just one season to prove himself and become one of the best players in the country. "He is a great listener, and his state of mind is impeccable," raved Sébastien Desabre, ASEC Mimosas's head coach from October 2010 to October 2012 when Seri was a senior player there, and that quality enabled Seri to make steady progress.
Porto
On 2 November 2012, Seri joined Primeira Liga club Porto on loan, after impressing their scouts. However, there was no place for Seri in the club's first team. He was thus forced to play for the club's reserve team, scoring once in 19 Segunda Liga matches in the first five months of 2013.
Paços de Ferreira
On 31 August 2013, two months after finishing his loan spell at Porto (the Dragões), Seri joined another Primeira Liga club Paços de Ferreira on a permanent basis and on a free transfer by signing a three-year deal. He debuted for the Pacenses on 14 September 2013 against Benfica in a Primeira Liga 3–1 away loss. On 2 March 2014, he scored a goal in the 54th minute to register his first competitive goal for Paços de Ferreira in a 3–1 Primeira Liga home win over Marítimo to send his side away from the relegation zone. It was at Paços de Ferreira where Seri's magnificent range of passing and ability to dictate the tempo of the game made him a fans' favourite. The club finished in eighth place in the 2014–15 Primeira Liga, and Ligue 1 club Nice were quick to sign Seri before bigger clubs took notice.
Nice
On 11 June 2015, Seri officially joined Ligue 1 club Nice for a transfer fee of €1 million. On 27 May 2015, prior to the opening of the transfer window, the club had announced the "very likely" arrival of Seri. On 8 August 2015, Seri made his competitive debut for Nice in their opening match of the 2015–16 Ligue 1 season, playing the entire match in the 2–1 home loss to Monaco. On 27 September 2015, he scored in the 53rd minute to register his first competitive goal for Nice in a 4–1 Ligue 1 away win over Saint-Étienne.
Fulham
In July 2018, Seri joined Fulham on a four-year deal until 2022 with an option for Fulham to extend the contract by a further year.
Seri scored his first goal for his new club on 26 August, opening the scoring against Burnley with a spectacular strike from outside the area. Seri picked the ball up and took one touch around an oncoming defender before curling in a long-range effort into the top corner of Joe Hart's net and the goal was awarded with the Premier League Goal of the Month for August.
Loan to Galatasaray
On 18 July 2019, Seri joined Galatasaray on a season-long loan deal, with an option to buy. Eventually, he would leave Galatasaray and return to Fulham at the end of the season.
Loan to Bordeaux
On 30 January 2021, Seri joined Ligue 1 club Bordeaux on loan until the end of the season.
Return to Fulham
Following his return from his loan spell at Bordeaux, Seri began playing again for Fulham starting his first match for the club for the season against Huddersfield Town, which saw Fulham win 5–1 in the Championship on 14 August 2021. On 2 May 2022, Seri both featured and scored in a 7–0 victory over Luton Town, this victory securing the Championship title for Fulham. Despite promotion back to the Premier League, it was announced that Seri would be leaving the club at the end of his contract in June 2022.
Hull City
On 8 July 2022, Seri returned to the Championship to join Hull City on a three-year contract. Seri made his debut on 30 July 2022 in the home match against Bristol City and scored the winning goal in extra time.
International career
Seri made a total of three appearances for the Ivory Coast under-23 team, all of them at the 2011 CAF U-23 Championship held in Morocco, playing every minute of all their three Group B matches against South Africa, Egypt and Gabon. Ivory Coast finished third in Group B and thus did not qualify for the semifinals.
On 27 February 2014, Seri received his first senior international call up for the Ivory Coast in an upcoming friendly match against Belgium; he was an unused substitute in The Elephants 2–2 away draw (held on 5 March 2014) against Belgium. On 6 September 2015, Seri made his senior international debut in a 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification match against Sierra Leone, playing the entire match in the 0–0 away draw. Seri played two of Ivory Coast's three 2017 Africa Cup of Nations Group C matches. They finished third in Group C and thus did not qualify for the quarterfinals. On 17 November 2015, Seri scored a goal in the 64th minute of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification second round second leg 3–0 home win over Liberia to register his first senior international goal.
Personal life
Seri is a devout Christian.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Ivory Coast's goal tally first.
HonoursGalatasarayTurkish Super Cup: 2019FulhamEFL Championship: 2021–22Individual'
UNFP Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2016–17
Prix Marc-Vivien Foé: 2017
OGC Nice Player of the Year: 2017
Premier League Goal of the Month: August 2018
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
People from Bas-Sassandra District
Ivorian men's footballers
Ivory Coast men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
ASEC Mimosas players
FC Porto B players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
OGC Nice players
Fulham F.C. players
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
FC Girondins de Bordeaux players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
Süper Lig players
2017 Africa Cup of Nations players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
2021 Africa Cup of Nations players
Ivorian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in England
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in France
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Ivorian Christians |
John Edgar Ainsworth (June 28, 1920 – September 30, 2004) was an American physicist and polymath who worked for NASA. Ainsworth was the primary designer of the Pioneer Venus probe.
Personal life
Ainsworth, the son of Rev. John Edgar Ainsworth and Clara Eva Donsife, married Anne Elizabeth Kidder (1924–2015) on August 27, 1952, in Berkeley, California. Together, Anne and John had three children, Martha, Julie, and Paul.
John Ainsworth died on September 30, 2004, aged 84, in Silver Spring, Maryland.
References
1920 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American physicists
NASA people
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Harvard College alumni
St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni |
The 2012 Women's Futsal World Tournament was the third edition of the Women's Futsal World Tournament, the premier world championship for women's national futsal teams. It was held in Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal, from 3 to 9 December 2012, and matches were played at the Pavilhão Dr. Salvador Machado and Pavilhão Municipal de Oliveira de Azeméis.
Brazil won its third consecutive world title after defeating the Portuguese hosts in the final by a 3–0 score. As in the two previous editions, Brazil, Portugal, Russia and Spain reached the semifinals.
Venues
Referees
Francisco Pena Diaz (Spain)
Jeisson Peñaloza Cruz (Costa Rica)
Katucia dos Santos (Brazil)
Manuel Benitez (Venezuela)
Mário Silva (Portugal)
Maryam Pourjafarian (Iran)
Nuno Bogalho (Portugal)
Oleg Ivanov (Ukraine)
Raquel Ruano (Spain)
Sam Sudin Bin Ibrahim (Malaysia)
Sérgio Magalhães (Portugal)
Irina Velikanova (Russia)
Yasukazu Nobumoto (Japan)
Timekeepers
Marco Rodrigues (Portugal)
Valter Martins (Portugal)
Ruben Guerreiro (Portugal)
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Play-off round
Final ranking
References
External links
Reports at LPF.pt
Reports at Futsalplanet
Reports at FutsalGlobal
Reports at Belichanka.com
Women World Tournament
Women's Futsal World Tournament
International futsal competitions hosted by Portugal
Futsal |
Ľudovít Cvetler (born 17 September 1938 in Bernolákovo) is a former Slovak football player. He played for Czechoslovakia. He played mostly for ŠK Slovan Bratislava. He helped them to the 1969 European Cup Winners' Cup Final where he scored one of their goals as they beat Barcelona 3–2.
External links
Profile at Standard de Liège
1938 births
Living people
Slovak men's footballers
Czechoslovak men's footballers
Czechoslovakia men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for Czechoslovakia
Olympic silver medalists for Czechoslovakia
Olympic medalists in football
Footballers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
People from Senec District
Sportspeople from the Bratislava Region
ŠK Slovan Bratislava players
Standard Liège players
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
Men's association football forwards |
```c++
#include <vespa/eval/eval/fast_value.h>
#include <vespa/eval/eval/tensor_spec.h>
#include <vespa/eval/eval/value.h>
#include <vespa/eval/eval/value_codec.h>
#include <vespa/searchlib/features/closest_feature.h>
#include <vespa/searchlib/features/setup.h>
#include <vespa/searchlib/fef/test/dummy_dependency_handler.h>
#include <vespa/searchlib/fef/test/labels.h>
#include <vespa/searchlib/test/features/distance_closeness_fixture.h>
#include <vespa/vespalib/stllike/asciistream.h>
#include <vespa/vespalib/gtest/gtest.h>
#include <vespa/vespalib/stllike/asciistream.h>
using search::feature_t;
using search::features::test::BlueprintFactoryFixture;
using search::features::test::DistanceClosenessFixture;
using search::features::test::FeatureDumpFixture;
using search::features::test::IndexEnvironmentFixture;
using search::features::ClosestBlueprint;
using vespalib::eval::FastValueBuilderFactory;
using vespalib::eval::TensorSpec;
using vespalib::eval::Value;
using vespalib::eval::spec_from_value;
using vespalib::eval::value_from_spec;
const std::string field_and_label_feature_name("closest(bar,nns)");
const std::string field_feature_name("closest(bar)");
const std::string dense_tensor_type("tensor(x[2])");
const std::string mixed_tensor_type("tensor(a{},x[2])");
const std::string sparse_tensor_type("tensor(a{})");
TensorSpec no_subspace(sparse_tensor_type);
TensorSpec subspace_a = TensorSpec::from_expr("tensor(a{}):{{a:\"a\"}:1}");
TensorSpec subspace_b = TensorSpec::from_expr("tensor(a{}):{{a:\"b\"}:1}");
TensorSpec doc_tensor = TensorSpec::from_expr("tensor(a{},x[2]):{{a:\"a\",x:0}:3,{a:\"a\",x:1}:10,{a:\"b\",x:0}:5,{a:\"b\",x:1}:10}");
using RankFixture = DistanceClosenessFixture;
TensorSpec get_spec(RankFixture& f, uint32_t docid) {
return spec_from_value(f.getObject(docid).get());
}
struct TestParam
{
std::string _name;
bool _direct_tensor;
TestParam(std::string name, bool direct_tensor)
: _name(std::move(name)),
_direct_tensor(direct_tensor)
{
}
~TestParam();
};
TestParam::~TestParam() = default;
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestParam param)
{
os << param._name;
return os;
}
void
assert_setup(std::string field_name,
bool exp_setup_result,
std::optional<std::string> attr_type_spec,
std::optional<std::string> label)
{
vespalib::asciistream feature_name;
std::vector<std::string> setup_args;
ClosestBlueprint f1;
IndexEnvironmentFixture f2;
DummyDependencyHandler deps(f1);
setup_args.emplace_back(field_name);
feature_name << f1.getBaseName() << "(" << field_name;
if (label.has_value()) {
feature_name << "," << label.value();
setup_args.emplace_back(label.value());
}
feature_name << ")";
f1.setName(feature_name.view());
if (attr_type_spec.has_value()) {
search::fef::indexproperties::type::Attribute::set(f2.indexEnv.getProperties(), field_name, attr_type_spec.value());
}
EXPECT_EQ(exp_setup_result, static_cast<Blueprint&>(f1).setup(f2.indexEnv, setup_args));
}
class ClosestTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<TestParam>
{
protected:
ClosestTest();
~ClosestTest();
bool direct_tensor() const noexcept { return GetParam()._direct_tensor; }
void assert_closest(const Labels& labels, const std::string& feature_name, const std::string& query_tensor, const TensorSpec& exp_spec);
void assert_closest(const Labels& labels, const std::string& feature_name, const std::vector<TensorSpec>& exp_specs);
};
ClosestTest::ClosestTest()
: testing::TestWithParam<TestParam>()
{
}
ClosestTest::~ClosestTest() = default;
void
ClosestTest::assert_closest(const Labels& labels, const std::string& feature_name, const std::string& query_tensor, const TensorSpec& exp_spec)
{
RankFixture f(mixed_tensor_type, direct_tensor(), 0, 1, labels, feature_name,
dense_tensor_type + ":" + query_tensor);
ASSERT_FALSE(f.failed());
SCOPED_TRACE(query_tensor);
f.set_attribute_tensor(9, doc_tensor);
EXPECT_EQ(exp_spec, get_spec(f, 9));
}
void
ClosestTest::assert_closest(const Labels& labels, const std::string& feature_name, const std::vector<TensorSpec>& exp_specs)
{
assert_closest(labels, feature_name, "[9,10]", exp_specs[0]);
assert_closest(labels, feature_name, "[1,10]", exp_specs[1]);
}
INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(ClosestMultiTest,
ClosestTest,
testing::Values(TestParam("Serialized", false),
TestParam("Direct", true)),
testing::PrintToStringParamName());
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_blueprint_can_be_created_from_factory)
{
BlueprintFactoryFixture f;
auto bp = f.factory.createBlueprint("closest");
EXPECT_TRUE(bp);
EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_cast<ClosestBlueprint*>(bp.get()) != 0);
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_no_features_are_dumped)
{
ClosestBlueprint f1;
IndexEnvironmentFixture f2;
FeatureDumpFixture f3;
f1.visitDumpFeatures(f2.indexEnv, f3);
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_setup_fails_for_unknown_field)
{
assert_setup("random_field", false, mixed_tensor_type, std::nullopt);
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_setup_fails_if_field_type_is_not_attribute)
{
assert_setup("ibar", false, sparse_tensor_type, std::nullopt);
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_setup_fails_if_field_data_type_is_not_tensor)
{
assert_setup("foo", false, sparse_tensor_type, std::nullopt);
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_setup_can_be_done_on_random_label)
{
assert_setup("bar", true, mixed_tensor_type, "random_label");
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_setup_fails_if_tensor_type_is_missing)
{
assert_setup("bar", false, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_setup_fails_if_tensor_type_is_dense)
{
assert_setup("bar", false, dense_tensor_type, std::nullopt);
}
TEST(ClosestTest, require_that_setup_fails_if_tensor_type_is_sparse)
{
assert_setup("bar", false, sparse_tensor_type, std::nullopt);
}
TEST_P(ClosestTest, require_that_no_label_gives_empty_result)
{
NoLabel f;
assert_closest(f, field_and_label_feature_name, {no_subspace, no_subspace});
}
TEST_P(ClosestTest, require_that_unrelated_label_gives_empty_result)
{
SingleLabel f("unrelated", 1);
assert_closest(f, field_and_label_feature_name, {no_subspace, no_subspace});
}
TEST_P(ClosestTest, closest_using_field_setup)
{
NoLabel f;
assert_closest(f, field_feature_name, {subspace_b, subspace_a});
}
TEST_P(ClosestTest, closest_using_field_and_label_setup)
{
SingleLabel f("nns", 1);
assert_closest(f, field_and_label_feature_name, {subspace_b, subspace_a});
}
GTEST_MAIN_RUN_ALL_TESTS()
``` |
Samuel King may refer to:
Sam King (golfer) (Samuel Leonard King, 1911–2003), English professional golfer
Sam King (baseball) (Samuel Warren King, 1852–1922), Major League Baseball first baseman
Sam King (cricketer) (Samuel Isaac Michael King, born 2003), English cricketer
Sam Beaver King (1926–2016), first black mayor of Southwark, London
Samuel King (artist) (1748–1819), miniaturist and instructor
Samuel King (minister) (1775–1842), Presbyterian minister
Samuel Archer King (1828–1914), balloonist
Samuel Pailthorpe King (1916–2010), American lawyer and judge on the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii
Samuel Ward King (1786–1851), Governor of Rhode Island
Samuel Wilder King (1886–1959), eleventh Territorial Governor of Hawai'i
Samuel William King (1821–1868), English geologist
Samuel G. King (1816–1899), mayor of Philadelphia
"Samuel P. King" and "Samuel S. King", aliases used by Calvin Fairbank while aiding escaped slaves
See also
Samuel King's School, Alston, Cumbria, England |
Christian Müller (born 26 December 1960) is a former professional German footballer.
Müller made 23 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga for Tennis Borussia Berlin and SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin during his playing career.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
2. Bundesliga players
Tennis Borussia Berlin players |
Ion Gorun (pen name of Alexandru I. Hodoș; December 30, 1863–March 30, 1928) was an Austrian Empire-born Romanian prose writer, poet and translator.
Biography
Born in Roșia, Sibiu County, his parents were Iosif Hodoș and his wife Ana (née Balint). His brothers Enea and Nerva were both writers, as was his wife Constanța; his uncle was Alexandru Papiu Ilarian. He attended high school at Brașov and Sibiu between 1876 and 1880. Subsequently crossing into the Romanian Old Kingdom, he entered the medical faculty of the University of Bucharest, taking classes from 1881 to 1883 before withdrawing and enrolling in the literature faculty, where he graduated in 1888, and the law faculty, which he did not complete. He became an editor for the National Liberal Party-affiliated magazine Națiunea and was editing secretary for Vieața (1893-1894) and Povestea vorbei (1896-1897). He headed Viața nouă magazine in 1898, and edited the Arad-based Românul. He edited Pagini literare magazine from 1899 to 1900; together with Artur Stavri, edited Viața literară și artistică (1906-1908); with George Coșbuc, Revista noastră, briefly in 1907; with Constanța Hodoș, Astra (1915-1918) and Războiul popoarelor (1914-1916). His work appeared in Sămănătorul, Vatra and Fântâna Blanduziei.
His first published verses appeared in 1889, in Convorbiri Literare, under the pen name Castor; his first newspaper work ran in Poporul; his first book was the 1901 poetry collection Câteva versuri. His prose books were Alb și negru (1902), Robinson în Țara Românească (1904), Lume necăjită (1911) and Obraze și măști (1922). He authored a monograph about Alexandru Vlahuță. Authors he translated include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, August Strindberg, Alexandre Dumas and Karl May; he also gave a Romanian version of Immanuel Kant's "Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch". In 1926, he was awarded the national prize for prose.
Notes
1863 births
1928 deaths
People from Sibiu County
Romanian Austro-Hungarians
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Romania
University of Bucharest alumni
Romanian male short story writers
Romanian short story writers
Romanian poets
Romanian translators
Romanian newspaper editors
Romanian magazine editors
20th-century translators
20th-century short story writers
20th-century Romanian male writers |
Uromyces proeminens var. poinsettiae is a plant pathogen infecting poinsettias.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
proeminens var. poinsettiae |
```c
* All rights reserved.
*
* This package is an SSL implementation written
* by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
* The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.
*
* This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as
* the following conditions are aheared to. The following conditions
* apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA,
* lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code. The SSL documentation
* included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms
* except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
*
* the code are not to be removed.
* If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution
* as the author of the parts of the library used.
* This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
* in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* "This product includes cryptographic software written by
* Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)"
* The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library
* being used are not cryptographic related :-).
* 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from
* the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement:
* "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)"
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
* derivative of this code cannot be changed. i.e. this code cannot simply be
* copied and put under another distribution licence
* [including the GNU Public Licence.] */
#include <openssl/bio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "internal.h"
int bio_errno_should_retry(int return_value) {
if (return_value != -1) {
return 0;
}
return
#ifdef EWOULDBLOCK
errno == EWOULDBLOCK ||
#endif
#ifdef ENOTCONN
errno == ENOTCONN ||
#endif
#ifdef EINTR
errno == EINTR ||
#endif
#ifdef EAGAIN
errno == EAGAIN ||
#endif
#ifdef EPROTO
errno == EPROTO ||
#endif
#ifdef EINPROGRESS
errno == EINPROGRESS ||
#endif
#ifdef EALREADY
errno == EALREADY ||
#endif
0;
}
``` |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-->
<LWM2M xmlns:xsi="path_to_url"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="path_to_url">
<Object ObjectType="MODefinition">
<Name>LwM2M v1.0 Test Object</Name>
<Description1><![CDATA[This object is for use in interoperability tests of the LwM2M v1.0 technical specification. It contains resources for each available datatype.]]></Description1>
<ObjectID>3441</ObjectID>
<ObjectURN>urn:oma:lwm2m:ext:3441</ObjectURN>
<LWM2MVersion>1.0</LWM2MVersion>
<ObjectVersion>1.0</ObjectVersion>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Resources>
<Item ID="0">
<Name>Reset values</Name>
<Operations>E</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type></Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Reset all resources of this object with their initial value.</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1">
<Name>Randomize values</Name>
<Operations>E</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type></Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>
<![CDATA[Set random value to all resources. For multi-instance resources, the number of resource instances is also randomized.
Randomization should avoid to generate too big payload. We advice to limit value to something like :
- 20 characters for String,
- 20 bytes for Opaque,
- 10 instances for multi-instance resources.
]]>
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="2">
<Name>Clear values</Name>
<Operations>E</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type></Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>
<![CDATA[Clear all values :
- all multiple resource as empty resource
- all number to 0
- String to empty string
- boolean to false,
- opaque to empty byte array,
- time to an 1st, 1970 in the UTC time zone
- objlink to null link]]>
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="3">
<Name>Exec With Arguments</Name>
<Operations>E</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type></Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>
<![CDATA[This resources can be used to test "Execute Operation" with Arguments.
Sent Arguments can be read via "Arguments List"(4) resource.
E.g. If you send an Exec /3441/0/3 with "3='stringValue',4" as arguments value,
then /3441/0/4/3 will be 'stringValue' and /3441/0/4/4 will be an empty string.
]]>
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="4">
<Name>Arguments List</Name>
<Operations>R</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>String</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>List of Arguments from last execute on "Exec With Arguments"(3) resource. This resource is not affected by the "Randomize values"(1) executable resource.
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="110">
<Name>String Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>String</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be "initial value".
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="120">
<Name>Integer Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Integer</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be "1024".
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="130">
<Name>Float Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Float</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be "3.14159".
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="140">
<Name>Boolean Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Boolean</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be "true".</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="150">
<Name>Opaque Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Opaque</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be the bytes sequence "0123456789ABCDEF" (Hexadecimal notation).
</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="160">
<Name>Time Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Time</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be the time to an 1st, 2000 in the UTC time zone. (Timestamp value : 946684800)</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="170">
<Name>ObjLink Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Single</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Objlnk</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be a link to instance 0 of Device Object 3 (3:0).</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1110">
<Name>Multiple String Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>String</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be 1 instance with ID 0 and value "initial value".</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1120">
<Name>Multiple Integer Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Integer</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be 1 instance with ID 0 and value "1024".</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1130">
<Name>Multiple Float Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Float</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be 1 instance with ID 0 and value "3.14159".</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1140">
<Name>Multiple Boolean Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Boolean</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be 1 instance with ID 0 and value "true".</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1150">
<Name>Multiple Opaque Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Opaque</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be 1 instance with ID 0 and value "0123456789ABCDEF"(Hexadecimal notation of the bytes sequence).</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1160">
<Name>Multiple Time Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Time</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be 1 instance with ID 0 and value 1st, 2000 in the UTC time zone (Timestamp value : 946684800).</Description>
</Item>
<Item ID="1170">
<Name>Multiple ObjLink Value</Name>
<Operations>RW</Operations>
<MultipleInstances>Multiple</MultipleInstances>
<Mandatory>Optional</Mandatory>
<Type>Objlnk</Type>
<RangeEnumeration />
<Units />
<Description>Initial value must be 1 instance with ID 0 and value "3:0".</Description>
</Item>
</Resources>
<Description2></Description2>
</Object>
</LWM2M>
``` |
Somerset is a town in Ehlanzeni District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.
References
Populated places in the Bushbuckridge Local Municipality |
Chub Bast (, also Romanized as Chūb Bast; also known as Chūbast) is a village in Gatab-e Jonubi Rural District, Gatab District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 347, in 78 families.
References
Populated places in Babol County |
The Four Sisters of Charity were four American educators. Loyola Ritchie, Rebecca Delone, Felicia Fenwick and Sister Rosaline Brown. The four women rebuilt Detroit's school system, educating 600 children in schools founded in 1844 and 1859. In 1845, they founded St. Vincent's Hospital, the first hospital in Michigan and the Northwest Territory. A second hospital, St. Mary's was constructed in 1850, and the following year the first outpatient clinic in Michigan, and the second in the nation. They also created the Michigan State Retreat for the Insane, the first private psychiatric hospital in Michigan, and The House of Providence, a home for unwed mothers and their children.
References
Education in Detroit
Educators from Michigan
19th-century American educators
19th-century American women educators |
Igor S. Korntayer (, born 1890s, murdered in Auschwitz c. 1942) was a Polish Jewish actor, lyricist, poet, and coupletist. He is best known for the Yiddish Tango song Vu ahin zol ikh geyn? (Where Shall I Go?), for which he is usually credited for writing new Yiddish lyrics.
Biography
Little is known about his birthplace or early life. According to Zalmen Zylbercweig, the earliest records of him date from when he arrived in the Łódź Yiddish theater in 1918, with a translation of Lermontov's Spanish Blood (called Jewish Blood). Soon afterwards, at Julius Adler's request he translated Shakespeare's Othello. He knew several languages and had a knack for dramaturgy.
He then moved to Warsaw, where he was hired in 1926 by the Scala Theater to write song lyrics, for instance to Osip Dimov's Yoshke Muzikant. In 1927 he wrote lyrics for the operetta Velvele Shmudnik (music by Sh. Vayntroyb and David Beigelman).
He wrote many songs for the theaters Scala and Sambatiyon.
In 1935 he acted with Alexander Granakh in Alter Katsisne's Velt-gevisn in Łódź. He wrote a play called Nokh Halbe Nakht (After midnight) which debuted June 4, 1942 (directed by Chaim Sandler).
He is best known for writing new Yiddish lyrics for the song Vu ahin zol ikh geyn? (Where Shall I Go?) written with "tango-king" Oskar Strock; their version was based on an existing Russian language tango, "Blue eyes" () which was then popular in Poland in a Polish-language version called "". Two other notable songs are Kum tsu mir (Come to me), a tango, and Mayn libeslid (My Love Song), both to music by Pawel Brajtman, premiered in Yiddish theaters in Vienna and Bucharest. On a lighter note, he wrote Yiddish lyrics (performed by Menashe Oppenheim) to the song Sex Appeal made famous by Eugeniusz Bodo in the 1937 movie Piętro wyżej (Upstairs).
Following the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939, he was forced to live in the Warsaw Ghetto. He continued to compose music and plays there. He wrote the comedy Cype fun Nowolipe (Cipe fun Nowolipie) which played in June 1941 at the Eldorado Theater, and a revue called Wesele zydowskie (Jewish wedding) at the Melody Palace.
He was murdered in the gas chambers at Auschwitz concentration camp.
References
Jewish cabaret performers
Polish cabaret performers
Jewish songwriters
Polish people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
1890s births
1940s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
Polish civilians killed in World War II
People killed by gas chamber by Nazi Germany
Polish Jews who died in the Holocaust
Jewish Polish male actors
20th-century comedians
Jewish male comedians
Yiddish-language poets
Polish male songwriters
Translators of William Shakespeare |
The Vanishing Dagger is a 1920 American adventure film serial directed by Edward A. Kull, J. P. McGowan, and Eddie Polo. It is presumed to be a lost film. Portions of this serial were filmed in England. The film had the working title The Thirteenth Hour.
Cast
Eddie Polo as John Edward Grant
Thelma Percy as Elizabeth Latimer
C. Norman Hammond as Sir George Latimer
Laura Oakley as Lady Mary Latimer
Ray Ripley as Prince Narr
Karl Silvera as Prince Zan
Ruth Royce as Sonia, Narr's Favorite
Thomas G. Lingham as King Claypool
Peggy O'Day as Nell (credited as Peggy O'Dare)
Texas Watts as Len, Grant's Man
Arthur Jarvis as Sir Richard Upton
Leach Cross
Leslie T. Peacocke
J. P. McGowan
Plot
Chapter titles
The Scarlet Confession
The Night of Terror
In Death's Clutches
On the Trail of the Dagger
The End of the Rustlers
A Terrible Calamity
Plunged to His Doom
In Unmerciful Hands
The Lights of Liverpool (a.k.a. Ferocious Foes)
When London Sleeps
A Race to Scotland
An Evil Plot
Spears of Death
Walls of Doom
The Great Pendulum
Beneath the Sea
Beasts of the Jungle
The Vanishing Dagger (a.k.a. Silver Linings)
See also
List of film serials
List of film serials by studio
List of lost films
References
External links
1920 films
1920 adventure films
1920 lost films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Silent American adventure films
Films directed by Edward A. Kull
Lost American adventure films
Universal Pictures film serials
1920s American films
1920s English-language films
English-language adventure films |
Carlo Gambino (; August 24, 1902 – October 15, 1976) was a Sicilian-born American crime boss who was the leader and namesake of the Gambino crime family of New York City. Following the Apalachin Meeting in 1957, and the imprisonment of Vito Genovese in 1959, Gambino took over the Commission of the American Mafia and played a powerful role in organized crime until his death from a heart attack in 1976. During a criminal career that spanned over fifty years, Gambino served only twenty-two months in prison for a tax evasion charge in 1937.
Early life and family
Carlo Gambino was born in Palermo, Sicily, Italy, on August 24, 1902, to a family that belonged to a Sicilian Mafia gang from Passo di Rigano. He had two brothers: Gaspare, who was not involved with the Mafia, and Paolo, who was a part of what would become the Gambino crime family. His parents were Italian immigrants Tommaso Gambino and Felice Castellano.
Gambino entered the United States on December 23, 1921, at Norfolk, Virginia, as a stowaway on the SS Vincenzo Florio. He made his way to New York City to join his cousins, the Castellanos, and worked for a small trucking firm owned by their family. Gambino later moved to a modest house located at 2230 Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn; his Long Island residence, located at 34 Club Drive in Massapequa, New York, served as his summer home. The two-story brick house, surrounded by a low fence with marble statues on the front lawn, was at the end of a cul-de-sac in Harbor Green Estates, overlooking the South Oyster Bay.
In 1932, Gambino married one of his cousins, Catherine Castellano, sister of future Gambino family boss Paul Castellano. They raised four children – sons Thomas, Joseph (March 28, 1936 – February 20, 2020) and Carlo (born 1934) and a daughter, Phyllis Gambino Sinatra (September 22, 1927 – February 19, 2007).
Criminal career
Castellammarese War and The Commission
In New York, Gambino joined a criminal organization headed by Joe Masseria, another Sicilian-born gangster. In 1930 Gambino was arrested in Lawrence, Massachusetts, as a suspicious person. That charge was dismissed, but he was seized a month later in Brockton, Massachusetts, on a larceny charge. A warrant was issued for his arrest when he failed to show up in court. Four years later, he was arrested in Manhattan as a fugitive and was returned to Brockton, where the larceny charge was dropped when he made restitution of $1,000.
By the early 1930s, Masseria found himself in a fierce rivalry with Salvatore Maranzano, the head of the Castellammarese clan, which eventually escalated into the bloody Castellammarese War. Masseria and Maranzano were so-called "Mustache Petes": older, traditional Mafia bosses who had started their criminal careers in their home country and believed in upholding the supposed "Old World Mafia" principles of "honor", "tradition", "respect" and "dignity". The Mustache Petes refused to work with non-Italians and were skeptical of working with non-Sicilians. Some of the most conservative bosses worked with only men having roots in their own Sicilian village.
When the war began turning poorly for Masseria, his second-in-command, Charles "Lucky" Luciano, saw an opportunity to switch allegiances. In a secret deal with Maranzano, he agreed to engineer Masseria's death in return for taking over Masseria's rackets and becoming Maranzano's lieutenant. On April 15, 1931, Masseria was killed at Nuova Villa Tammaro, a restaurant on Coney Island, ending the Castellammarese War.
With Masseria gone, Maranzano reorganized the Italian gangs of New York into Five Families headed by Luciano, Joe Profaci, Tommy Gagliano, Vincent Mangano and himself. He called a meeting of crime bosses in Wappingers Falls, New York, where he declared himself capo di tutti capi ("boss of all bosses"). Maranzano also whittled down the rival families' rackets in favor of his own. Luciano appeared to accept these changes but was merely biding his time before removing Maranzano. Although Maranzano was slightly more forward-thinking than Masseria, Luciano had come to believe that he was even more greedy and power-hungry than Masseria had been.
By September 1931, Maranzano, realizing the threat Luciano posed, hired Irish hitman Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll to eliminate him. However, Tommy Lucchese alerted Luciano that he was marked for death. On September 10, Maranzano summoned Luciano, Vito Genovese and Frank Costello to his office at 230 Park Avenue in Manhattan, where Maranzano was killed.
Later in 1931, Luciano called a meeting in Chicago with various bosses, where he proposed the creation of a governing body for organized crime that would later evolve into The Commission. Designed to settle all disputes and decide which families controlled which territories, the Commission has been called Luciano's greatest innovation. His goals with the Commission were to quietly maintain his own power over all the families, and to prevent future gang wars; the bosses approved the idea of the Commission.
Mangano family
After Masseria's death, Gambino and his cousins became soldiers in the family headed by Mangano. Despite being a mob power in his own right, Albert Anastasia was nominally the underboss of the Mangano family. During his twenty-year rule, Mangano had resented Anastasia's close ties to Luciano and Costello, particularly the fact that they had obtained Anastasia's services without first seeking Mangano's permission. This and other business disputes led to heated, almost physical fights between the two mobsters.
Gambino was arrested in 1937 for tax evasion related to operating a million-gallon distillery in Philadelphia. He served twenty-two months in prison at the United States Penitentiary in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, the only period in his long criminal career during which he was incarcerated.
In 1951, Mangano and his brother Philip were murdered, reportedly on the orders of Anastasia. Philip's body was found near Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, on April 19, 1951. Vincent's body was never found and he was declared dead by the Surrogate's Court in Brooklyn on October 30, 1961, ten years after he had disappeared.
Anastasia murder
In 1957, Genovese decided to move against Costello and Anastasia, enlisting GambinoAnastasia's underboss in the murder conspiracy. Genovese ordered Vincent Gigante to carry out the hit on Costello, which was attempted outside Costello's apartment building on May 2, 1957. Although the wound was superficial, the brush with death persuaded Costello to relinquish power to Genovese and retire. Although a doorman identified Gigante as the gunman, Costello claimed to not recognize him at Gigante's 1958 trial; Gigante was acquitted on charges of attempted murder.
With Costello gone, Genovese and Gambino allegedly ordered Anastasia's murder. Gambino gave the contract to Profaci, who then allegedly assigned the hit to Joseph "Crazy Joe" Gallo. Anastasia was murdered on October 25, 1957, in the barbershop of the Park Sheraton Hotel in Midtown Manhattan.
Gambino subsequently took over the Mangano crime family, which took his name going forward. He appointed Joseph Biondo as underboss, though Biondo was replaced by Aniello Dellacroce in 1965.
Apalachin and Genovese's fall
Shortly after Anastasia's murder, Genovese took control of Luciano's crime family from Costello. Seeking to legitimize his new power, he called a meeting in which leaders of both the American and Sicilian crime syndicates would be in attendance. Among the items on the meeting's agenda were the Mafia's interests in gambling and narcotics smuggling in pre-revolutionary Cuba, as well as their interests in New York City's garment industry. The meeting took place on November 14 at the home of mobster Joseph Barbara in Apalachin, New York.
Edgar D. Croswell, a trooper with the New York State Police, had become aware that Barbara's son was reserving rooms in local hotels and that a large quantity of meat from the local butcher was being delivered to the Barbara home. Suspicious, Croswell decided to monitor on Barbara's house. When the State Police found numerous luxury cars parked at the estate, they took down the license plate numbers and discovered the vehicles were registered to known criminals. Police reinforcements came to the scene and a roadblock was set up.
When the mobsters discovered the police presence, they started fleeing the gathering by car or by foot. Many mafiosi escaped through the woods surrounding the Barbara estate; Gambino is thought to have attended the meeting, but was not one of the mobsters apprehended. The police stopped a car driven by Pennsylvania boss Russell Bufalino, whose passengers included Genovese and three other men. Bufalino said that Genovese had come to visit a sick Barbara. while Genovese himself said he had come to attend a barbecue. The police let him go.
Gambino and Luciano allegedly helped pay part of $100,000 to a Puerto Rican drug dealer to falsely implicate Genovese in a drug deal. On April 17, 1959, Genovese was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for drug offenses; he died in custody on February 14, 1969.
On January 26, 1962, Luciano died of a heart attack at Naples International Airport. Three days later, 300 people attended a funeral service for Luciano in Naples, during which his body was conveyed along the streets in a horse-drawn black hearse. With the permission of the U.S. government, Luciano's relatives took his body back to New York for burial at St. John's Cemetery in Middle Village, Queens. More than 2,000 mourners attended his funeral. Gambino, Luciano's longtime friend, gave his eulogy.
Boss
After Genovese's imprisonment, Gambino took control of The Commission. Under his leadership, the Gambino crime family had 500 soldiers and over 1,000 associates.
In 1962, Gambino's oldest son, Thomas, married Lucchese's daughter Frances. Over 1,000 guests attended the wedding, at which Gambino presented Lucchese with a $30,000 gift. In return, Lucchese gave Gambino a part of his rackets at Idlewild Airport (now called John F. Kennedy Airport). Lucchese exercised control over airport security and airport unions. As a team, Lucchese and Gambino now controlled the airport, the Commission, and most organized crime in New York.
Conspiracy against the Commission
In 1963, Joseph Bonanno, the head of the Bonanno crime family, made plans to assassinate several rivals on The Commission—bosses Gambino, Lucchese, and Stefano Magaddino, as well as Frank DeSimone. Bonanno sought Joseph Magliocco's support, and Magliocco, bitter over being previously denied a seat on The Commission, readily agreed. Bonanno promised to make Magliocco his right-hand man in exchange for his assistance.
Magliocco was assigned with killing Lucchese and Gambino, and he gave the contract to Joseph Colombo, one of his top hit men. However, the opportunistic Colombo revealed the plot to his intended targets. The other bosses quickly surmised that Magliocco and Bonnano were colluding, and summoned both men to explain themselves. Fearing for his life, Bonanno went into hiding in Montreal, leaving Magliocco to deal with the Commission. Badly shaken and in failing health, Magliocco confessed his role in the plot. The Commission spared his life but forced him to retire as boss of the Profaci family and pay a $50,000 fine. As a reward for turning on his boss, Colombo took over Magliocco's family, which was subsequently renamed the Colombo family.
Health and deportation order
Deportation proceedings against Gambino were started by the Immigration and Naturalization Service as early as 1953, but made no headway for several years because of his heart condition and constant hospitalizations. In 1970 he was indicted on charges of conspiring to hijack an armored car carrying $3 million, and was arrested on March 23, 1970. He was released on $75,000 bail, and was never brought to trial because of his health. The same year, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a 1967 order, that he previously appealed, that he be deported because he had entered the country illegally. When the government tried to carry out the order, Gambino was rushed to a hospital after he had suffered a massive heart attack.
Colombo assassination
On June 28, 1971, Colombo was shot three times by Jerome A. Johnson, one being in the head, at the second Italian Unity Day rally in Columbus Circle sponsored by the Italian-American Civil Rights League; Johnson was immediately killed by Colombo's bodyguards. Colombo was permanently paralyzed from the shooting, and later died in 1978.
Although many in the Colombo family blamed Gallo for the shooting, the police eventually concluded that Johnson was a lone gunman after they had questioned Gallo. Since Johnson had spent time a few days earlier at a club run by the Gambino family, one theory was that Gambino organized the shooting. Colombo had refused to listen to Gambino's complaints about the League, and allegedly spat in Gambino's face during one argument. However, the Colombo family leadership was convinced that Gallo ordered the murder after his falling out with the family. Gallo was murdered on April 7, 1972.
Tommy Eboli murder
After Genovese's death, Gerardo Catena became the new boss of the Genovese family. However, he was indicted and jailed in 1970. Thomas Eboli then became the "front boss" of the family for the next two years. However, Eboli wanted to run the family for real and borrowed $4 million from Gambino to finance a new drug trafficking operation. However, law enforcement soon shut down Eboli's drug racket and arrested most of his crew. Gambino allegedly ordered Eboli's murder. While it was initially thought that this was due to Eboli's failure to pay back the loan, it is now believed that Gambino actually wanted to replace Eboli with Frank "Funzi" Tieri, and that Gambino used the loan as a pretext. On July 16, 1972, Eboli left his girlfriend's apartment in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and walked to his chauffeured Cadillac. As he sat in the parked car, a gunman in a passing truck shot him five times. Hit in the head and neck, Eboli died instantly. No one was ever charged in this murder.
Death
Gambino died at his Massapequa home in the early morning hours of Friday, having watched the television broadcast of the winning the American League pennant the previous evening. The official cause was natural causes, and his death was not unexpected, given a history of heart disease. Cusimano & Russo Funeral Home hosted his wake over the weekend of October 16 and 17. His funeral mass was held on Monday, October 18, at the Church of Our Lady of Grace Gambino was then entombed within his family's private room in the Cloister building of St. John Cemetery in Queens. His funeral and wake were attended by several hundred people, with plainclothes police and FBI agents mingling outside. His funeral procession consisted of thirteen limousines, around a dozen private cars and one flower car.
Aftermath
Against expectations, Gambino had previously appointed Castellano to succeed him over his underboss Dellacroce. Gambino appeared to believe that the family would benefit from Castellano's focus on white-collar crime. Dellacroce, at the time, was imprisoned for tax evasion and was unable to contest Castellano's succession.
Castellano's succession was confirmed at a meeting on November 24, with Dellacroce present. Castellano arranged for Dellacroce to remain as underboss while directly running traditional Mafia activities such as extortion, robbery and loansharking. While Dellacroce accepted Castellano's succession, the deal effectively split the Gambino family into two rival factions.
In popular culture
In the 1995 TV film Between Love and Honor, Carlo Gambino is portrayed by Robert Loggia.
In the 1996 TV film Gotti, Carlo Gambino is portrayed by Marc Lawrence as the head of the Gambino family towards his death in 1976.
In the 2001 TV film Boss of Bosses, Carlo Gambino is portrayed by Al Ruscio. He was shown from his early years in the Cosa Nostra till his death, when Paul Castellano was chosen to succeed him. His younger self is portrayed by William DeMeo.
In the 2015 AMC mini series The Making of the Mob: New York, Carlo Gambino is portrayed by Noah Forrest.
In the 2018 biopic Gotti, Carlo Gambino is portrayed by Michael Cipiti.
He is portrayed by Anthony Skordi on the 2022 TV series The Offer.
He is portrayed by Arthur J. Nascarella in Season 3 of TV Series Godfather of Harlem
Notes
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20071203045421/http://www.americanmafia.com/images/Frank_Gambino284x152.jpg
1902 births
1976 deaths
20th-century American criminals
20th-century Italian criminals
American gangsters of Sicilian descent
American prisoners and detainees
American Roman Catholics
Bosses of the Gambino crime family
Burials at St. John's Cemetery (Queens)
Capo dei capi
Criminals from Brooklyn
Gangsters from New York City
Gangsters from Palermo
Italian crime bosses
Italian emigrants to the United States
Italian prisoners and detainees
People from Gravesend, Brooklyn
People from Massapequa, New York
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Prohibition-era gangsters |
Reina Beltman (born 9 June 1996) is a Dutch female artistic gymnast, representing her nation at international competitions. She was an alternate alongside Tisha Volleman for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
1996 births
Living people
Dutch female artistic gymnasts
Sportspeople from Hoorn
21st-century Dutch women
21st-century Dutch people |
Gornje Košlje () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Ljubovija municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 649 in 2002.
Historical population
1948: 1,258
1953: 1,323
1961: 1,378
1971: 1,103
1981: 989
1991: 781
2002: 649
See also
List of places in Serbia
References
Populated places in Mačva District
Ljubovija |
A statue of Winston Churchill by Jean Cardot was inaugurated in the grounds of the Petit Palais on the Avenue Winston Churchill in the 8th arrondissement of Paris in 1998. The statue of the former British prime minister is one of few statues of foreigners in the French capital.
Description
The statue of Winston Churchill was commissioned at the start of 1998, five years after a statue of Charles de Gaulle was unveiled in London. The two leaders had a complex relationship, both on personal terms and in France–United Kingdom relations.
Paris-based British businessman Brian Reeve came up with the idea. The 3.2 metre, 2,500 kg bronze statue was funded by 3,000 donations totalling the equivalent of £250,000. The largest donation was equal to £20,000, and the Council of Paris also contributed. It is based on a photograph of Churchill marching with De Gaulle down the Champs-Élysées on 11 November 1944. Cardot said that the image of Churchill walking reflected his determination. The plinth features the words "We shall never surrender" from the prime minister's 6 June 1940 speech.
On 11 November 1998, the 80th anniversary of the armistice that ended World War I, the statue was unveiled in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II and the President of France, Jacques Chirac. The British monarch gave a speech in French on how Churchill and De Gaulle had overcome their differences.
Incidents
The BBC reported in 1998 that Churchill is opposed by a minority in France for events such as the Allied bombing of German-occupied French locations. In August 2009, the statue was vandalised in red paint with the initials of Rudolf Hess, the Nazi who Churchill had arrested when he travelled to the UK for peace talks.
In July 2015, a French court ordered Nike, Inc. and an events company to pay a total of €135,000 damages to Cardot, who had sued them for unauthorised promotional use of his statue. The sportswear corporation had dressed Churchill in a Tony Parker basketball jersey in 2011.
References
Statue of Winston Churchill
1998 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Paris
Statues in France
Public art in France
Paris |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.