text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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```assembly
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__,obj
section code use32 class=code align=64
%elifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__,win32
$@feat.00 equ 1
section .text code align=64
%else
section .text code
%endif
global _md5_block_asm_data_order
align 16
_md5_block_asm_data_order:
L$_md5_block_asm_data_order_begin:
push esi
push edi
mov edi,DWORD [12+esp]
mov esi,DWORD [16+esp]
mov ecx,DWORD [20+esp]
push ebp
shl ecx,6
push ebx
add ecx,esi
sub ecx,64
mov eax,DWORD [edi]
push ecx
mov ebx,DWORD [4+edi]
mov ecx,DWORD [8+edi]
mov edx,DWORD [12+edi]
L$000start:
;
; R0 section
mov edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [esi]
; R0 0
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea eax,[3614090360+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [4+esi]
add eax,edi
rol eax,7
mov edi,ebx
add eax,ebx
; R0 1
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea edx,[3905402710+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [8+esi]
add edx,edi
rol edx,12
mov edi,eax
add edx,eax
; R0 2
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea ecx,[606105819+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [12+esi]
add ecx,edi
rol ecx,17
mov edi,edx
add ecx,edx
; R0 3
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea ebx,[3250441966+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [16+esi]
add ebx,edi
rol ebx,22
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,ecx
; R0 4
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea eax,[4118548399+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [20+esi]
add eax,edi
rol eax,7
mov edi,ebx
add eax,ebx
; R0 5
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea edx,[1200080426+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [24+esi]
add edx,edi
rol edx,12
mov edi,eax
add edx,eax
; R0 6
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea ecx,[2821735955+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [28+esi]
add ecx,edi
rol ecx,17
mov edi,edx
add ecx,edx
; R0 7
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea ebx,[4249261313+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [32+esi]
add ebx,edi
rol ebx,22
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,ecx
; R0 8
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea eax,[1770035416+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [36+esi]
add eax,edi
rol eax,7
mov edi,ebx
add eax,ebx
; R0 9
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea edx,[2336552879+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [40+esi]
add edx,edi
rol edx,12
mov edi,eax
add edx,eax
; R0 10
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea ecx,[4294925233+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [44+esi]
add ecx,edi
rol ecx,17
mov edi,edx
add ecx,edx
; R0 11
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea ebx,[2304563134+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [48+esi]
add ebx,edi
rol ebx,22
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,ecx
; R0 12
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea eax,[1804603682+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [52+esi]
add eax,edi
rol eax,7
mov edi,ebx
add eax,ebx
; R0 13
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea edx,[4254626195+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [56+esi]
add edx,edi
rol edx,12
mov edi,eax
add edx,eax
; R0 14
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea ecx,[2792965006+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [60+esi]
add ecx,edi
rol ecx,17
mov edi,edx
add ecx,edx
; R0 15
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea ebx,[1236535329+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [4+esi]
add ebx,edi
rol ebx,22
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,ecx
;
; R1 section
; R1 16
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea eax,[4129170786+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [24+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,ebx
rol eax,5
add eax,ebx
; R1 17
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea edx,[3225465664+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [44+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,9
add edx,eax
; R1 18
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea ecx,[643717713+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,edx
rol ecx,14
add ecx,edx
; R1 19
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea ebx,[3921069994+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [20+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,ecx
rol ebx,20
add ebx,ecx
; R1 20
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea eax,[3593408605+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [40+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,ebx
rol eax,5
add eax,ebx
; R1 21
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea edx,[38016083+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [60+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,9
add edx,eax
; R1 22
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea ecx,[3634488961+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [16+esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,edx
rol ecx,14
add ecx,edx
; R1 23
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea ebx,[3889429448+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [36+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,ecx
rol ebx,20
add ebx,ecx
; R1 24
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea eax,[568446438+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [56+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,ebx
rol eax,5
add eax,ebx
; R1 25
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea edx,[3275163606+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [12+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,9
add edx,eax
; R1 26
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea ecx,[4107603335+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [32+esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,edx
rol ecx,14
add ecx,edx
; R1 27
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea ebx,[1163531501+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [52+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,ecx
rol ebx,20
add ebx,ecx
; R1 28
xor edi,ebx
and edi,edx
lea eax,[2850285829+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [8+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,ebx
rol eax,5
add eax,ebx
; R1 29
xor edi,eax
and edi,ecx
lea edx,[4243563512+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [28+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,9
add edx,eax
; R1 30
xor edi,edx
and edi,ebx
lea ecx,[1735328473+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [48+esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,edx
rol ecx,14
add ecx,edx
; R1 31
xor edi,ecx
and edi,eax
lea ebx,[2368359562+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [20+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,ecx
rol ebx,20
add ebx,ecx
;
; R2 section
; R2 32
xor edi,edx
xor edi,ebx
lea eax,[4294588738+ebp*1+eax]
add eax,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [32+esi]
rol eax,4
mov edi,ebx
; R2 33
add eax,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea edx,[2272392833+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [44+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,11
add edx,eax
; R2 34
xor edi,ebx
xor edi,edx
lea ecx,[1839030562+ebp*1+ecx]
add ecx,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [56+esi]
rol ecx,16
mov edi,edx
; R2 35
add ecx,edx
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[4259657740+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [4+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,ecx
rol ebx,23
add ebx,ecx
; R2 36
xor edi,edx
xor edi,ebx
lea eax,[2763975236+ebp*1+eax]
add eax,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [16+esi]
rol eax,4
mov edi,ebx
; R2 37
add eax,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea edx,[1272893353+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [28+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,11
add edx,eax
; R2 38
xor edi,ebx
xor edi,edx
lea ecx,[4139469664+ebp*1+ecx]
add ecx,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [40+esi]
rol ecx,16
mov edi,edx
; R2 39
add ecx,edx
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[3200236656+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [52+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,ecx
rol ebx,23
add ebx,ecx
; R2 40
xor edi,edx
xor edi,ebx
lea eax,[681279174+ebp*1+eax]
add eax,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [esi]
rol eax,4
mov edi,ebx
; R2 41
add eax,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea edx,[3936430074+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [12+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,11
add edx,eax
; R2 42
xor edi,ebx
xor edi,edx
lea ecx,[3572445317+ebp*1+ecx]
add ecx,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [24+esi]
rol ecx,16
mov edi,edx
; R2 43
add ecx,edx
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[76029189+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [36+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,ecx
rol ebx,23
add ebx,ecx
; R2 44
xor edi,edx
xor edi,ebx
lea eax,[3654602809+ebp*1+eax]
add eax,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [48+esi]
rol eax,4
mov edi,ebx
; R2 45
add eax,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea edx,[3873151461+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [60+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,eax
rol edx,11
add edx,eax
; R2 46
xor edi,ebx
xor edi,edx
lea ecx,[530742520+ebp*1+ecx]
add ecx,edi
mov ebp,DWORD [8+esi]
rol ecx,16
mov edi,edx
; R2 47
add ecx,edx
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[3299628645+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ebx,23
add ebx,ecx
;
; R3 section
; R3 48
xor edi,edx
or edi,ebx
lea eax,[4096336452+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [28+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,-1
rol eax,6
xor edi,ecx
add eax,ebx
; R3 49
or edi,eax
lea edx,[1126891415+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [56+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol edx,10
xor edi,ebx
add edx,eax
; R3 50
or edi,edx
lea ecx,[2878612391+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [20+esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ecx,15
xor edi,eax
add ecx,edx
; R3 51
or edi,ecx
lea ebx,[4237533241+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [48+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ebx,21
xor edi,edx
add ebx,ecx
; R3 52
or edi,ebx
lea eax,[1700485571+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [12+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,-1
rol eax,6
xor edi,ecx
add eax,ebx
; R3 53
or edi,eax
lea edx,[2399980690+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [40+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol edx,10
xor edi,ebx
add edx,eax
; R3 54
or edi,edx
lea ecx,[4293915773+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [4+esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ecx,15
xor edi,eax
add ecx,edx
; R3 55
or edi,ecx
lea ebx,[2240044497+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [32+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ebx,21
xor edi,edx
add ebx,ecx
; R3 56
or edi,ebx
lea eax,[1873313359+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [60+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,-1
rol eax,6
xor edi,ecx
add eax,ebx
; R3 57
or edi,eax
lea edx,[4264355552+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [24+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol edx,10
xor edi,ebx
add edx,eax
; R3 58
or edi,edx
lea ecx,[2734768916+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [52+esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ecx,15
xor edi,eax
add ecx,edx
; R3 59
or edi,ecx
lea ebx,[1309151649+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [16+esi]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ebx,21
xor edi,edx
add ebx,ecx
; R3 60
or edi,ebx
lea eax,[4149444226+ebp*1+eax]
xor edi,ecx
mov ebp,DWORD [44+esi]
add eax,edi
mov edi,-1
rol eax,6
xor edi,ecx
add eax,ebx
; R3 61
or edi,eax
lea edx,[3174756917+ebp*1+edx]
xor edi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD [8+esi]
add edx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol edx,10
xor edi,ebx
add edx,eax
; R3 62
or edi,edx
lea ecx,[718787259+ebp*1+ecx]
xor edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD [36+esi]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,-1
rol ecx,15
xor edi,eax
add ecx,edx
; R3 63
or edi,ecx
lea ebx,[3951481745+ebp*1+ebx]
xor edi,edx
mov ebp,DWORD [24+esp]
add ebx,edi
add esi,64
rol ebx,21
mov edi,DWORD [ebp]
add ebx,ecx
add eax,edi
mov edi,DWORD [4+ebp]
add ebx,edi
mov edi,DWORD [8+ebp]
add ecx,edi
mov edi,DWORD [12+ebp]
add edx,edi
mov DWORD [ebp],eax
mov DWORD [4+ebp],ebx
mov edi,DWORD [esp]
mov DWORD [8+ebp],ecx
mov DWORD [12+ebp],edx
cmp edi,esi
jae NEAR L$000start
pop eax
pop ebx
pop ebp
pop edi
pop esi
ret
``` |
United States Post Office – Port Townsend Main is a Richardsonian Romanesque building completed in 1893 on a bluff above Port Townsend's waterfront. It was intended to serve as a Federal building that would include a customhouse serving Port Townsend's incipient role in world trade. It was locally reported to be a very fine building for the Northwest, and even in fact that "'for that matter, size considered there is nothing better in the United States.'" But by its completion there was deeper disappointment in Port Townsend about the city not becoming the trade center that it had hoped to become.
Architects M.E. Bell and W.J. Edbrooke have association in designing and/or supervising roles. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
U.S. Congress appropriated $9,000 to purchase its land in March 1885. Construction of its basement began in 1889. It was completed in February 1893. This period spanned the time during which Port Townsend hoped to beat out Tacoma and Seattle to become the major port city on Puget Sound. Construction of this customhouse was part of furthering that goal. However the hopes foundered, with a major setback being the November 1890 failure of the bank financing construction of a railroad from Portland to Port Townsend.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Port Townsend, Washington
Romanesque Revival architecture in Washington (state)
Government buildings completed in 1893
Buildings and structures in Port Townsend, Washington |
Wendover Woods is an area of woodland on the north edge of the Chiltern Hills in England. Named after the nearby town of Wendover, the woods are part of the Public Forest Estate and are managed by Forestry England.
Covering 325 ha (800 acres), the woods are a mixture of coniferous and broad-leaved trees. There are several signed walks for recreation, as well as bridleways, picnic and barbecue areas and a children's playground. A Go Ape treetop adventure course opened in 2008.
There are views of the countryside in the Aylesbury Vale to the north, and a stone monument marking the highest point of the Chilterns which lies within the woods on Haddington Hill.
The Aston Hill Mountain Bike Area is at the edge of the woods.
External links
Forestry England Wendover Woods web page
Chiltern Hills
Forests and woodlands of Buckinghamshire |
St. Cianán, or Kenan, (died 24 November 489) was a Bishop of Duleek in Ireland. He was descended from the royal blood of the kings of Munster. His feast day is 24 November.
Life
He was a pupil of the monk Nathan. As a youth, he was one of the fifty hostages whom the princes of Ireland gave to king Lóegaire mac Néill, by whom he was set free at the intercession of Bishop Ciarán. He then went into Gaul, and passed some time at Tours in the monastery of St. Martin.
Returning to his native country, he converted great numbers to Christianity in Connacht. Then he went to Leinster, and founded a church in a place called to this day the Wood of Cianán. At length he went into the territory of Eoghan (Tír Eoghain), who was his mother Eithne's uncle. There he broke down a pagan altar and an idol and on the place built a Christian church. According to manuscripts extant in the library at Cambridge, Cianán built here a church of stone, on that account called Damliag, corrupted into Duleek. It was the site of the first stone church in Ireland. He died on 24 November, in 489.
Modern research indicates he may have been the origin behind the tribal name of Ciannachta. It also could explain the confusion over the site of his stone church being located in accounts within the territory of Eoghan, in north Ulster, while actually at Duleek in County Meath. A branch of the Ciannachta settled in Keenaght, County Londonderry, and may have carried the association with them.
Duleek having suffered greatly by several fires and devastations of the Danes, its episcopal see was united to the diocese of Meath.
References
Sources
James Ussher, Antiq. 1. 29, and Primord. p. 1070.
Usher, Ind. Chron. ad ann. 450.
489 deaths
Christian clergy from County Meath
5th-century Irish bishops
Medieval Irish saints
5th-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
Bishops of Duleek |
Irish Street Halt railway station was a suburban halt, one mile south of Armagh station, on the Castleblayney, Keady and Armagh Railway in Northern Ireland.
It operated between 1 January 1913 and 1 February 1932.
Routes
References
Disused railway stations in County Armagh
Railway stations opened in 1913
Railway stations closed in 1932
1913 establishments in Ireland
Railway stations in Northern Ireland opened in the 1910s
Railway stations in Northern Ireland closed in 1932 |
Alec Richard Valentine (5 February 1928 – ) was a Scottish former international rugby union footballer. He was born in Hawick.
He was capped three times for in 1953, playing Flanker. He also played for RNAS Anthorn, and the Royal Navy, captaining the side.
His older brother Dave was also capped for Scotland, and his youngest brother Rob Valentine was capped for South of Scotland both brothers were subsequently capped at rugby league for Great Britain.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Bath, Richard (ed.) The Scotland Rugby Miscellany (Vision Sports Publishing Ltd, 2007 )
External links
International Statistics at scrum.com
1928 births
1997 deaths
Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
British male hammer throwers
Commonwealth Games competitors for Scotland
Royal Navy rugby union players
Rugby union players from Hawick
Scotland international rugby union players
Scottish male hammer throwers
Scottish rugby union players |
The Miss Minnesota Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Minnesota in the Miss Teen USA pageant. This pageant is directed by Future Productions based in Savage, Minnesota.
Minnesota has not been very successful at Miss Teen USA, with their first placement coming in 1995, in the pageant's thirteenth year. Minnesota teens have performed best in the 2000s, with two top fifteen, three top ten placements and a 4th runner-up placement.
Five Minnesota teens have won the Miss Minnesota USA pageant and competed at Miss USA.
The current titleholder is Ava Ernst of St. Paul, was crowned on May 29, 2022, at Ames Center in Burnsville. She will represent Minnesota for the title of Miss Teen USA 2022.
Results summary
Placements
4th runners-up: Maggie McGill (2013)
Top 10: Alla Ilushka (2002), Allison Arling (2004), Vanessa Vonbehren (2007)
Top 12: Michelle Borg (1995)
Top 15: Lauren Hindi (2005), Hannah Corbett (2011)
Minnesota holds a record of 7 placements at Miss Teen USA.
Awards
Miss Congeniality: Olivia Herbert (2019)
Winners
1 Age at the time of the Miss Teen USA pageant
References
External links
Official website
Minnesota
Women in Minnesota |
```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
package org.apache.pulsar.client.impl;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.BROKER_KEYSTORE_FILE_PATH;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.BROKER_KEYSTORE_PW;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.BROKER_TRUSTSTORE_FILE_PATH;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.BROKER_TRUSTSTORE_NO_PASSWORD_FILE_PATH;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.CLIENT_KEYSTORE_FILE_PATH;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.CLIENT_KEYSTORE_PW;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.CLIENT_TRUSTSTORE_FILE_PATH;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.CLIENT_TRUSTSTORE_NO_PASSWORD_FILE_PATH;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.CLIENT_TRUSTSTORE_PW;
import static org.apache.pulsar.broker.auth.MockedPulsarServiceBaseTest.KEYSTORE_TYPE;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.util.keystoretls.KeyStoreSSLContext;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.util.keystoretls.SSLContextValidatorEngine;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
@Test(groups = "broker-impl")
public class KeyStoreTlsTest {
@Test(timeOut = 300000)
public void testValidate() throws Exception {
KeyStoreSSLContext serverSSLContext = new KeyStoreSSLContext(KeyStoreSSLContext.Mode.SERVER,
null,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
BROKER_KEYSTORE_FILE_PATH,
BROKER_KEYSTORE_PW,
false,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
CLIENT_TRUSTSTORE_FILE_PATH,
CLIENT_TRUSTSTORE_PW,
true,
null,
null);
serverSSLContext.createSSLContext();
KeyStoreSSLContext clientSSLContext = new KeyStoreSSLContext(KeyStoreSSLContext.Mode.CLIENT,
null,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
CLIENT_KEYSTORE_FILE_PATH,
CLIENT_KEYSTORE_PW,
false,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
BROKER_TRUSTSTORE_FILE_PATH,
BROKER_KEYSTORE_PW,
false,
null,
// set client's protocol to TLSv1.2 since SSLContextValidatorEngine.validate doesn't handle TLSv1.3
Collections.singleton("TLSv1.2"));
clientSSLContext.createSSLContext();
SSLContextValidatorEngine.validate(clientSSLContext::createSSLEngine, serverSSLContext::createSSLEngine);
}
@Test(timeOut = 300000)
public void testValidateKeyStoreNoPwd() throws Exception {
KeyStoreSSLContext serverSSLContext = new KeyStoreSSLContext(KeyStoreSSLContext.Mode.SERVER,
null,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
BROKER_KEYSTORE_FILE_PATH,
BROKER_KEYSTORE_PW,
false,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
CLIENT_TRUSTSTORE_NO_PASSWORD_FILE_PATH,
null,
true,
null,
null);
serverSSLContext.createSSLContext();
KeyStoreSSLContext clientSSLContext = new KeyStoreSSLContext(KeyStoreSSLContext.Mode.CLIENT,
null,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
CLIENT_KEYSTORE_FILE_PATH,
CLIENT_KEYSTORE_PW,
false,
KEYSTORE_TYPE,
BROKER_TRUSTSTORE_NO_PASSWORD_FILE_PATH,
null,
false,
null,
// set client's protocol to TLSv1.2 since SSLContextValidatorEngine.validate doesn't handle TLSv1.3
Collections.singleton("TLSv1.2"));
clientSSLContext.createSSLContext();
SSLContextValidatorEngine.validate(clientSSLContext::createSSLEngine, serverSSLContext::createSSLEngine);
}
}
``` |
Claire Chamblin Holley is an American singer-songwriter from Mississippi now living in Los Angeles. She has released eleven albums and written for TV, indie films, and dance performances. She tours nationwide, and makes her home in Los Angeles, California.
Life and career
Holley grew up in Jackson, Mississippi where at an early age she learned to play the auto-harp, ukulele, piano, and guitar; though it was playing guitar that really piqued her interest. She has said, "I was never that good at playing piano, and maybe that's because I didn't practice enough, but I found the guitar fun to play. It wasn't a chore to practice." Her college days were spent in Chicago and, at the urging of a professor, she set to music a poem by William Blake. Soon thereafter came Holley's first independent release, Night Air. She moved to North Carolina where in 1999 she created a collection of traditional hymns and gospel songs which caught the attention of radio listeners and Yep Rock Records. She was signed and released her third album which was titled simply, Claire Holley.
Holley has written songs for the cystic fibrosis foundation and the Metropolitan Museum of Art has used two of her arrangements of seasonal songs for one of their music releases. She was commissioned to write original music for Arlene Hutton’s play "See Rock City" which premiered at the Crossley Theatre in Hollywood September 2006 and LA Weekly magazine nominated her for "Best Original Music" for the LA Weekly theatre awards for the "See Rock City" songs. Acoustic Guitar Magazine wrote, "Claire Holley is an observer, a romantic reporter from the backyards and front porches of the heartland."
Claire Holley has performed with Mary Chapin Carpenter, Kate Campbell, and Caroline Herring, and has composed music for The Fence, an independent film which received the 2008 UCLA Directors Spotlight Award. Mary Chapin Carpenter has said that Holley has an angelic style of writing. Two of her songs have appeared in the ABC TV show Men In Trees and she wrote the original music for the documentary Looking For Lurch in 2008. Holley was also a member of Musette (formerly Song Sirens), a group of female singer-songwriters that performed every so often in Sierra Madre, a little town in the mountains just north of Los Angeles.
In 2013 she formed the group Powdercoat and released a duet EP with fellow songwriter Kristin Mooney. The Huffington Post called it "one of the year's loveliest recordings." Holley announced that her eighth studio album, "Time in the Middle," will be released in June 2015. It was recorded at Sonic Temple studio in Ferndale, CA. Her latest, Every Hour, features modern arrangements of hymns and sacred songs, ranging in style from a 4th century carol to southern gospel and a Beach Boys cover.
Ms. Holley now lives in the Los Angeles area with her husband, Chad, and their two sons.
Discography
Night Air (1997)
Sanctuary (1999)
Claire Holley (2001)
Dandelion (2003)
Live at St.Andrew's (2005) – with Caroline Herring
Hush (2008)
Christmas EP (2009)
ABC's For Life (2012) – children's album
Powdercoat EP (2013) with Kristin Mooney
Time in the Middle (2015)
Every Hour (2019)
Songs from the Tempest (2020)
See Rock City, Original Music (2006)
Partnered with Kristen Mooney in the band Powdercoat (2013)
Claire's original score for Arlene Hutton's play See Rock City premiered at the Actor's Coop in Hollywood, CA and was nominated for the LA Weekly's 2006 Best Original Music. Claire met the director Nan McNamara at a mutual friend's house soon after moving to the west coast.
References
External links
Official Site
American women singer-songwriters
American folk singers
Singer-songwriters from Mississippi
Singers from Los Angeles
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century births
Singer-songwriters from California
21st-century American women |
Carpelimus pertenuis is a species of spiny-legged rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Oxytelinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1889 |
Gaboń-Praczka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Sącz, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Stary Sącz, south-west of Nowy Sącz, and south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
References
Villages in Nowy Sącz County |
The 1939–40 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1939–40 season. Under the first year of head coach Dwight Steussey, the team finished the season 13–10 and 6–5 in the Southern Conference. This was the 35th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe.
The Indians finished in a tie for 8th in the conference and did not quality for the 1940 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament.
William & Mary played its first overtime game in program history in February 1940 against Washington and Lee in a 33–36 loss. Additionally, the Indians played several teams for the first time this season, including St. Francis (NY), Seton Hall, The Citadel, and Furman.
Schedule
|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#006400; color:#FFD700;"| Regular season
Source
References
William & Mary Tribe men's basketball seasons
William and Mary Indians
William and Mary Indians Men's Basketball Team
William and Mary Indians Men's Basketball Team |
The Great Stupa of Dharmakaya Which Liberates Upon Seeing is located at the Shambhala Mountain Center in Colorado, USA. It was built to inter the ashes of Chogyam Trungpa, who died in 1987. In many Buddhist traditions it is common to build a stupa to honour a respected teacher after their death.
The site of the Great Stupa of Dharmakaya was first identified as an auspicious location by the 16th Karmapa, head of the Kagyü school of Tibetan Buddhism, on his first visit to North America in 1974.
Construction of the stupa began in 1988. The structure took thirteen years to complete and used a special concrete formula designed to last one thousand years. The Stupa was consecrated in a ceremony that lasted several days in the summer of 2001. This ceremony was attended by many important lamas and students of Chogyam Trungpa.
In September 2006, The Dalai Lama visited the Great Stupa for the first time.
References
External links
The Great Stupa of Dharmakaya
The Great Stupa of Dharmakaya video
Asian-American culture in Colorado
Buddhism in Colorado
Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado
Religious buildings and structures completed in 2001
Tibetan Buddhism in the United States
Buddhist temples in the United States
Religious buildings and structures in Colorado
Stupas in the United States
21st-century Buddhist temples |
The following are the association football events of the year 1886 throughout the world.
Events
December 11 - Dial Square FC (later Arsenal) beat Eastern Wanderers 6-0, their first match.
December 25 - After a meeting in the Royal Oak pub, Woolwich, Dial Square rename themselves Royal Arsenal
Clubs founded in 1886
England
Dial Square F.C. (later to become Arsenal)
Bishop Auckland F.C. as Auckland Town FC
Glossop North End A.F.C.
Haverhill Rovers F.C.
Kidderminster Harriers F.C.
Leytonstone F.C.
Argyle Football Club, later Plymouth Argyle F.C.
Shrewsbury Town F.C.
Upton Park F.C.
Worthing F.C.
Scotland
Clachnacuddin F.C.
Motherwell FC
Northern Ireland
Linfield F.C.
Switzerland
Grasshopper Club Zürich (1 September)
Hong Kong
Hong Kong FC
Domestic cups
International tournaments
1885–86 British Home Championship (February 27 – April 10, 1886)
Births
1 January – Harold Halse (d. 1949), England international forward in one match (1909), scoring two goals; the first player to appear in three FA Cup finals for three different clubs.
16 February – Andy Ducat (d. 1942), England international half-back in six matches (1910–1920).
25 December – Jock Simpson (d. 1959), England international forward in eight matches (1911–1914).
References |
Chapadmalal compound is an official retreat of the president of Argentina. It is located on the southern coast of Mar del Plata, in the Buenos Aires Province, and serves as a summer residence. It has a hotel complex nearby.
The compound was built in 1947, during the presidency of Juan Perón. Raúl Alfonsín only used it on limited occasions. Carlos Menem ordered several improvements, such as a fishing wharf, a higher pool and a shrine. Fernando de la Rúa used it for interviews. During the 2001 Argentine crisis, Adolfo Rodríguez Saá called a summit of governors to it, which was attended by only five; this lack of support led to his resignation. Néstor and Cristina Kirchner did not use it, only their sons visited it on occasions. Mauricio Macri used it for a meeting of his cabinet in a less formal environment.
References
Houses completed in 1947
Official residences in Argentina
Buildings and structures in Mar del Plata
1947 establishments in Argentina |
The Laotian ambassador in Beijing is the official representative of the Government in Vientiane to the Government of the People's Republic of China.
List of representatives
References
China
Laos |
Dregish Pearse Óg () was a Gaelic Athletic Association club. The club was based in the townland of Dregish between Drumquin and Castlederg in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.
The club concentrated on Gaelic football.
The club was named after the Irish Revolutionary Padraig Pearse and drew in players from the rural areas of the parish of Ardstraw West.
Despite having one of the smallest population bases in the county, the club had a proud history of competing, and often finishing above many clubs from neighbouring towns and villages in Division 3.
In November 2019, Dregish Pearse Óg amalgamated with neighbouring club Newtownstewart St Eugene's to form Naomh Eoghan GAC. Dregish had for a number of years been struggling with playing numbers and was rumoured to be disbanding before the amalgamation with Newtownstewart was announced.
References
Gaelic games clubs in County Tyrone
Gaelic football clubs in County Tyrone |
Bolot Feray, is a 1995 Seychellois comedy film directed by Jean-Claude Matombe and produced by Marie-Therese Choppy. The film stars Alain Belle in the title role with Charles DeCommarmond, Jenita Furneau, Antonia Gabriel and Marie Lista in supportive roles. It is based on a play and shows traditional Seychellois society.
The film received positive reviews and is considered as one of best Seychellois movies. The play was originally written by Geva René.
Cast
Alain Belle as Bolot Feray
Charles DeCommarmond as Uncle Sarl
Jenita Furneau as Mari
Antonia Gabriel as Pierreline
Marie Lista as Poupet
References
External links
1995 films
1995 comedy films
Seychellois films |
Walt Ribeiro (born January 25, 1984) is an American composer of classical music. He was born in New Jersey. His work has been primarily distributed via the internet. His symphony I.I was written for an 80-piece orchestra, but produced using orchestral sampling software. Ribeiro is also notable for his music tutorials available via web sites such as YouTube, which he ended in October 2009. That same year he launched For Orchestra where he arranged pop songs for orchestra. He has arranged covers of songs by Lady Gaga, Radiohead, Pearl Jam, Rimsky-Korsakov, MGMT and PSY, along with others. It has since been featured on Comedy Central Tosh. O, Perez Hilton (for his Lady Gaga arrangements), Green Plastic (for his Radiohead arrangement) and more. Currently, Ribeiro is producing one song per week.
He suffered an accident on October 10, 2015, at which point he decided to take a break from his YouTube and composing activities in order to recover.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
American male composers
21st-century American composers
Musicians from New Jersey
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American male musicians |
The Short-Wave Mystery is Volume 24 in the original The Hardy Boys Mystery Stories published by Grosset & Dunlap.
This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Leslie McFarlane in 1945. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1966 by David Grambs resulting in two different stories with the same title.
Plot
Revised edition
The Hardy boys are drawn into a mystery when a group of thieves steals a collection of stuffed animals from an estate sale. Later, the Hardy boys notice a station wagon carrying stuffed animals, but when they try to give chase, the car gets away, leaving only a broken ham radio antenna behind. While they are discussing the case that their father Fenton Hardy is working on, they learn that he is after a group involved in industrial espionage and that this group uses code words very similar to what the boys have been hearing transmitted over the ham radio bands.
When the Hardy boys visit the estate to investigate the remaining stuffed animals, they are knocked unconscious and someone steals the remaining animals. They manage to get their hands on two of them and convince their friend Chet Morton, who has recently taken up taxidermy as a hobby, to open them up looking for whatever may be hidden inside. After the Lectrex plant is raided, the boys go with their father to investigate, and they notice a stuffed fox that had been on a ledge in the conference room has mysteriously disappeared.
The Hardy Boys travel to Canada (somewhere near Moosonee and Moose Factory) to solve the theft of the stuffed animals and to break up an industrial spy ring, which was the source of the leak of info coming from the Lectrex factory in their hometown of Bayport. As the boys piece together parts of this mystery, they solve the industrial spying case their father was working on, they solve the mystery of the coded transmissions on the ham radio bands, and they find out why a group was stealing the stuffed animals.
Original edition
The Hardy Boys hear a mysterious call for help on their shortwave radio set: "Help -- Hudson". Meanwhile, Fenton Hardy is investigating nation-wide thefts of radio equipment by a group of criminals called "The Hudson Gang". But of more immediate concern is the theft of several auction items, at an auction attended by Chet Morton and the Hardy Boys. The stolen items are mostly animal skins and carcasses intended for use in taxidermy, Chet's latest hobby.
Investigating all the seemingly unrelated mysteries leads to some connections. Spike Hudson, leader of the Hudson Gang, uses a house near Bayport as a hideout—a house which has vicious-looking stuffed animals hidden around it at strategic points to discourage unwanted snooping. And the "Help -- Hudson" message, though initially thought to be from or about Spike Hudson, seems to instead be from a group of stranded researchers trapped somewhere on the isolated coast of Hudson's Bay...near to where Spike Hudson has another hideout. Soon, the Hardy Boys are travelling by plane to the fictional White Bear River in remote Northern Ontario, Canada (references in the book place it most likely somewhere near Moosonee and Moose Factory) to try to solve the thefts, rescue the researchers, and break up The Hudson Gang.
References
The Hardy Boys books
1945 American novels
1945 children's books
1966 American novels
1966 children's books
Novels set in Northern Ontario
Grosset & Dunlap books |
```c++
/*=============================================================================
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
=============================================================================*/
#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/home/x3.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/at.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/vector.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/adapt_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/int.hpp>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
#include "test.hpp"
struct roman
{
boost::optional<int> a;
boost::optional<int> b;
boost::optional<int> c;
};
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(roman,
a, b, c
);
int eval(roman const & c)
{
return c.a.get_value_or(0) + c.b.get_value_or(0) + c.c.get_value_or(0);
}
int
main()
{
using spirit_test::test;
using spirit_test::test_attr;
using boost::spirit::x3::symbols;
{ // construction from initializer-list
symbols<int> const ones =
{
{"I", 1}, {"II", 2}, {"III", 3}, {"IV", 4},
{"V", 5}, {"VI", 6}, {"VII", 7}, {"VIII", 8},
{"IX", 9}
};
symbols<int> const tens =
{
{"X", 10}, {"XX", 20}, {"XXX", 30}, {"XL", 40},
{"L", 50}, {"LX", 60}, {"LXX", 70}, {"LXXX", 80},
{"XC", 90}
};
symbols<int> const hundreds
{
{"C", 100}, {"CC", 200}, {"CCC", 300}, {"CD", 400},
{"D", 500}, {"DC", 600}, {"DCC", 700}, {"DCCC", 800},
{"CM", 900}
};
auto number = -hundreds >> -tens >> -ones;
roman r;
BOOST_TEST((test_attr("CDXLII", number, r)));
BOOST_TEST(eval(r) == 442);
}
{ // construction from initializer-list without attribute
symbols<> foo = {"a1", "a2", "a3"};
BOOST_TEST((test("a3", foo)));
}
{ // assignment from initializer-list
symbols<> foo;
foo = {"a1", "a2", "a3"};
BOOST_TEST((test("a3", foo)));
}
return boost::report_errors();
}
``` |
```javascript
Generators
Binary and octal notation in ES6
New methods in `Math`
Tail call optimisation in ES6
Modules in ES6
``` |
Hokkien architecture, also called Hoklo architecture or Minnan architecture, refers to the architectural style of the Hoklo people, a Han Chinese sub-group who have historically been the dominant demographic of the Southern Chinese province of Fujian (called "Hokkien" in the Hoklo language),and Taiwan, Singapore. This style shares many similarities with those of surrounding Han Chinese groups. There are, however, several features that are unique or mostly unique to Hoklo-made buildings, making many traditional buildings in Hokkien and Taiwan visually distinctive from those outside the region.
Minyue architecture
Prior to the annexation of the Minyue Kingdom by the Han dynasty, the region was inhabited by the Minyue people, a branch of the Baiyue aboriginals. The Minyue State's Imperial City (Traditional Chinese: 閩越王城遺址) gave some clues about what their architectural style was like.
Swallowtail roof
Swallowtail roof (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ìnn-bé-tsiah; Traditional Chinese: 燕尾脊, literally "swallowtail ridge") is a feature rarely (if at all) seen in non-Hoklo Han Chinese architecture. It is very common in Hokkien and Taiwan. The term refers to a roof that has an upward-curving ridge shaped like the tail of a swallow. The degree of curving may vary. The "swallowtail" in question can be single- or double-layered and is typically decorated with a large amount of colorful carvings. This feature originated in 16th century (Ming Dynasty). At that time, Hoklo people were doing business with Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Ryukyu (Ryūkyū-kan) and Japan, and decided that they would like to show off their newfound wealth - resulting in this bright and elaborate architectural style. Due to its bright and showy nature, this architectural feature is commonly found in major temples, mansions, and ancestral halls.
Cut porcelain carving
Cut porcelain carving (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tsián-huî-tiau; Traditional Chinese: 剪瓷雕, literally "cut porcelain carving") is also prevalent among Hoklo architecture and, to a lesser extent, Vietnamese architecture. Traditionally, Hoklo porcelain artists would often gather small colored porcelain artifacts (such as bowls and other eating utensils), cut and/or grind them into smaller fragments, and then paste these fragments onto sculptures attached to buildings for the purpose of decoration. This art is frequently used on the ridges, window frames, and doors of temples and larger residences, often in conjunction with swallowtail roof. The topic of these sculptures may vary - ranging from plants and animals to figures from Chinese mythology or Hoklo folktales. In Taiwan, a new style has even been formed by combining cut porcelain carving with cochin ware.
Hokkien Sanheyuan
Sanheyuan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-ha̍h-īnn; Traditional Chinese: 三合院, literally "Three-combo building") is a type of building found throughout most of the Greater China region. They are residences with structures on three sides of a courtyard, forming an inverted U-shape. While this style is shared by nearly all Han Chinese groups, Hokkien Sanheyuan have been noted by their usage of multiple wings (called "protecting dragons" in Taiwan) to spread outward, a trait quite distinctive to Hoklo Sanheyuan.
Têng-á-kha
Têng-á-kha (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Têng-á-kha; Traditional Chinese: 亭仔跤) is a style of architecture found in much of Southern China and is considered the Hokkien counterpart to the Cantonese tong lau. It is a style that incorporates elements from Western European architecture, arising slowly in late 18th century due to the Hokkien contact with Western European culture in Southeast Asia. A typical têng-á-kha has a ground floor used for running some sort of business (such as a grocery store) and upper floors that are used for residential purposes. Amoy's têng-á-khas are said to be marked by having pink and white as main colorings, use of streets full of têng-á-khas such as markets, and the distribution of têng-á-khas in net-like structures. The city of Chinchew has also been noted for having a well-preserved set of têng-á-khas.
Others
Hokkien earthen buildings
Hokkien earthen buildings (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn thóo-lâu; Traditional Chinese: 福建土樓, literally "Hokkien earthen building"), called "Fujian Tulou" in Mandarin Chinese, is another distinct type of architecture found in the Hokkien region. It is a set of large, enclosed and fortified earth buildings associated with the Hakka people, who speak the Hakka language, rather than Hoklo. However, it has been noted that this style of architecture is found almost exclusively among Hakka people in Fujian province and thus has become associated with the region.
In Modern Architecture
See also
Architecture of Taiwan
Architecture of Singapore
Cantonese architecture
Hakka architecture
Architecture of Jiangxi
Chinese architecture
References
Bibliography
Minnan architecture
Architecture in China
Chinese architectural styles
News articles |
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman Melawati (Taman Melawati National Secondary School, often abbreviated as SMKTM or MWT) is a co-educational secondary school located in Taman Melawati, Gombak, Selangor, 20km from the centre of Kuala Lumpur. The school has outperformed other high schools within the Gombak district in annual rankings of academic performance. Top scorers in the SPM (Malaysian Certificate of Education) national examinations make up the school's alumni, and will typically be awarded a full scholarship from the government to pursue their tertiary studies.
The school has participated in events such as marching competitions, choir competitions, drama competitions and debate tournaments.
SMK Taman Melawati has a student body of approximately 1800 pupils, aged between 13–17 years. Due to space constraints, classes are divided into two sessions, with the first session of classes running in the mornings (Forms 3, 4, and 5) and the second in the afternoons (Form 1 and 2). There are 12 classrooms in every form, with an average of 35 students in each class.
History
1991
The school was established with 2 blocks of buildings, Block C and Block D, and a canteen with the number of students at 403.
1994
The third block, Block B, was opened to accommodate the number of students.
1998
A Surau was built for students to perform their prayers.
2001
The school hall was built with the cost of RM1.8 million.
2003
Two new blocks were built, Block A and Block E
2010
The sixth block, Frangipani, was opened, housing a second art studio and one Sixth Form classroom.
School Administration
Co-Curriculum
Students join three co-curricular activities (clubs, sports/games, uniformed society) which meet every week starting from early in the year until the end of first term in June. Additional meetings may be held in the second term with agreement from the supervising teacher.
Clubs
Academic
Malay Language Club
English Language Club
Islamic Education/Arabic Language
French Language Club
Tamil Language Club
STEM/Innovation and Design
Visual Art Club
Computer and Multimedia
Non-academic
Rukun Negara
Koperasi
Tourism (Pelancongan)
PNB dan Pengguna
Pencinta Alam
Photography Club
Cultural Arts and Performance
Career
Crime Prevention
SPBT
Kembara
Sports/Games
Olahraga
Football
Volleyball
Netball
Handball
Badminton
Sepak Takraw
Ping Pong
Chess
Archery
Rugby
Softball
Pétanque
Hockey
Cricket
Basketball
Dodgeball
Uniformed societies
Scouts
Girl Guides
Malaysian Red Crescent Society (BSMM)
Police Cadets
Youth Cadets (KRS)
Seni Silat Gayong
Fire Brigade Cadets (Kadet Bomba)
Pasukan Kadet Bersatu Malaysia (Darat)
Islamic Girls
Facilities
The school consists of six main blocks and other facilities as follows:
School Hall
Library with a computer room
Two computer room
School Mosque
Two parking lots for cars, motorbikes, and bicycles
Basketball, volleyball, and badminton courts
A field
Six General Science laboratories
Two Chemistry laboratories
Two Physics laboratories
Two Biology laboratories
Two Art studios
School magazine
The school magazine, Persada, has been published annually since 1995.
See also
List of schools in Malaysia
Schools in Selangor |
List of Ambassadors
Ofra Farhi 2022-
Jacob Keidar (Non-Resident, Nairobi) 2007 - 2011
Itzhak Gerberg (Non-Resident, Jerusalem) 2002 - 2003
Gad Elron 1971 - 1973
Matityahu Dagan 1968 - 1971
Tehan Ben-Zion 1965 - 1968
References
Zambia
Israel |
Mestdagh is a Belgian surname. Notable people with the name include:
Hanne Mestdagh (born 1993), Belgian basketball player
Kim Mestdagh (born 1990), Belgian basketball player
Niels Mestdagh (born 1993), Belgian footballer
Paul Mestdagh (born 1947), Belgian volleyball player
Philip Mestdagh (born 1963), Belgian basketball coach |
Kundasang is a hill station in the district of Ranau in Sabah, Malaysia that lies along the bank of Kundasang Valley within the Crocker Range, and also neighboring the town of Pekan Nabalu. It is located about 6 kilometres away from Kinabalu National Park, 12 kilometres from Ranau town and is renowned for its vegetable market which is open seven days a week. It is the closest town to Mount Kinabalu and has a panoramic view of the mountain. It is populated mainly by the native Dusun and a small population of Chinese people. Almost all the shops are operated by locals.
At an elevation of almost 1,900 m (6,200 ft), it is the highest settlement in Malaysia. Kundasang is also famously known as the New Zealand of Borneo for its unique mountainous geographical terrain almost similar to New Zealand.
Kundasang War Memorial and Gardens
The memorial is on a hill immediately behind the vegetable wholesale stalls. Major G. S. Carter, D.S.O. (Toby Carter) a New Zealander employed with Shell Oil Co. (Borneo) initiated the building of the Memorial in 1962, together with the launching of Kinabalu Park to commemorate the 2,428 Australian and British prisoners who died during World War II at the Sandakan POW Camp, and the casualties of the three infamous forced death marches from Sandakan to Ranau. It also serves as a tribute to the many local people who risked their lives while aiding the prisoners of war. Only six Australians survived in this tragedy to tell their horror and there were no English survivors.
The fort-like Memorial was designed by J.C. Robinson, a local architect. It has four interlocking but separate gardens to represent the homelands of those who died: an Australian Garden, a formal English Garden of roses, a Borneo Garden with wild flowers of Kinabalu and at the top level is the 'Contemplation Garden' with a reflection pool and pergola.
To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II, the Memorial was restored in 2005 by Mr Sevee Charuruks and with his own personal funds. No government funding was available during the major restoration project in 2005. However, years later help came from the Australian Government in the form of several grants.
The Australian Government Grants aided in:
The building of a perimeter fence around the Memorial. The Estimated grant: RM$120,000
The building of the Australian Memorial Hall to enable visitors to view WW2 Documentary Films. The Estimated grant: RM$350,000
The Demolishment & Re-construction of concrete wall of Contemplation Garden. The Estimated grant: RM$120,000
The Construction of Confrontation Memorial. The Estimated grant: RM$14,000
In recognition of his hard work and commitment to the Kundasang War Memorial, in 2007 Queen Elizabeth II awarded Mr Charuruks the MBE (Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire). Later in 2012, the Australian Government awarded Mr Charuruks the Member of the Order of Australia (AM).
The Gardens have been replanted with flowers, particularly roses and rare orchids that include the Paphiopedilum rothschildianum (Rothschild's slipper orchid). The Memorial is open to all visitors not only to view the gardens but to remember those who sacrificed their lives for the freedom of others.
ANZAC Memorial Services and private Memorial Services are welcomed with prior arrangements. The Memorial is open to visitors with minimal entrance fees charged. An access road with ramp allows easy access for wheelchair users.
Vegetable wholesale stalls
Beside the main road vegetables wholesalers can be found in a long row of wooden stalls (Malay: gerai). Bulk buyers come from all over the state of Sabah, Sarawak and even Brunei for the fresh harvest. Pick up trucks are seen laden fully with harvest from the farms nearby the valley and delivered to the stalls. Passing tourists and travellers also stop by the road for shopping at a good bargain with the stalls are open seven days a week.
Golf course
Mount Kinabalu Golf Club is located near the border of Kinabalu National Park at an altitude of approximately 2000 metres above sea level.
External links
Kundasang Town
War Memorial Gardens
Places of Interest (Chinese)
Towns in Sabah |
```javascript
export default function scoreBaseUrl(href, baseRegex) {
// If the baseUrl isn't part of this URL, penalize this
// link. It could still be the link, but the odds are lower.
// Example:
// path_to_url
if (!baseRegex.test(href)) {
return -25;
}
return 0;
}
``` |
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The 6th Lok Sabha, which ran from 23 March 1977 to 22 August 1979 was elected in February and March 1977. 11 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 6th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister on 24 March 1977 after Janata alliance won 345 seats, 233 more than the previous 5th Lok Sabha.
Charan Singh became the Prime Minister on 28 July 1979 with the support of Indira Gandhi (Congress (I)); but resigned on 20 August 1979 since he was not ready to remove charges against Indira Gandhi and her family from the Emergency days and advised the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The Sixth Lok Sabha was dissolved on 22 August 1979 by the President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy and Charan Singh remained as the caretaker Prime Minister till 14 January 1980, the formation of the next 7th Lok Sabha following the 1980 Indian general election.
Leadership
Speaker:
N. Sanjiva Reddy from 26 March 1977 to 13 July 1977
K. S. Hegde from 21 July 1977 to 21 January 1980
Deputy speaker:
Godey Murahari from 1 April 1977 to 22 August 1979
Secretary general:
Avtar Singh Rikhy from 18 June 1977 to 31 December 1983
List of members by political party
Members by political party in 6th Lok Sabha are given below-
Cabinet
See also
1977 Indian general election
References
External links
6th Lok Sabha Members Official listings
Lok Sabha website
Terms of the Lok Sabha
India MPs 1977–1979
1977 establishments in India
1980 disestablishments in India |
Femtotechnology is a hypothetical term used in reference to structuring of matter on the scale of a femtometer, which is 10−15 m. This is a smaller scale in comparison with nanotechnology and picotechnology which refer to 10−9 m and 10−12 m respectively.
Theory
Work in the femtometer range involves manipulation of excited energy states within atomic nuclei, specifically nuclear isomers, to produce metastable (or otherwise stabilized) states with unusual properties. In the extreme case, excited states of the individual nucleons that make up the atomic nucleus (protons and neutrons) are considered, ostensibly to tailor the behavioral properties of these particles.
The most advanced form of molecular nanotechnology is often imagined to involve self-replicating molecular machines, and there have been some speculations suggesting something similar might be possible with analogues of molecules composed of nucleons rather than atoms. For example, the astrophysicist Frank Drake once speculated about the possibility of self-replicating organisms composed of such nuclear molecules living on the surface of a neutron star, a suggestion taken up in the science fiction novel Dragon's Egg by the physicist Robert Forward. It is thought by physicists that nuclear molecules may be possible, but they would be very short-lived, and whether they could actually be made to perform complex tasks such as self-replication, or what type of technology could be used to manipulate them, is unknown.
Applications
Practical applications of femtotechnology are currently considered to be unlikely. The spacings between nuclear energy levels require equipment capable of efficiently generating and processing gamma rays, without equipment degradation. The nature of the strong interaction is such that excited nuclear states tend to be very unstable (unlike the excited electron states in Rydberg atoms), and there are a finite number of excited states below the nuclear binding energy, unlike the (in principle) infinite number of bound states available to an atom's electrons. Similarly, what is known about the excited states of individual nucleons seems to indicate that these do not produce behavior that in any way makes nucleons easier to use or manipulate, and indicates instead that these excited states are even less stable and fewer in number than the excited states of atomic nuclei.
In fiction
Femtotechnology plays a critical role in the 2005 science-fiction novel Pushing Ice. It also features in various stories by Greg Egan such as Riding the Crocodile, where he proposes the idea of a "strong bullet" which overcomes the instability of high atomic weight femto-structures by being accelerated to near light speed, letting it travel interstellar distances before impacting a target and constructing a stable nano-scale structure as it decays.
See also
Attophysics
Femtochemistry
Mode-locking, a laser technique producing pulses in the femtosecond range
Ultrashort pulse
FEMTO - Fluidics enhanced molecular transfer operation
References
External links
Femtotech? (Sub)Nuclear Scale Engineering and Computation
There’s Plenty More Room at the Bottom: Beyond Nanotech to Femtotech
Femtocomputing
Hypothetical technology
Nanotechnology |
Ahatlar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Köşk, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 492 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Köşk District |
In physical organic chemistry, a free-energy relationship or Gibbs energy relation relates the logarithm of a reaction rate constant or equilibrium constant for one series of chemical reactions with the logarithm of the rate or equilibrium constant for a related series of reactions. Free energy relationships establish the extent at which bond formation and breakage happen in the transition state of a reaction, and in combination with kinetic isotope experiments a reaction mechanism can be determined. Free energy relationships are often used to calculate equilibrium constants since they are experimentally difficult to determine.
The most common form of free-energy relationships are linear free-energy relationships (LFER). The Brønsted catalysis equation describes the relationship between the ionization constant of a series of catalysts and the reaction rate constant for a reaction on which the catalyst operates. The Hammett equation predicts the equilibrium constant or reaction rate of a reaction from a substituent constant and a reaction type constant. The Edwards equation relates the nucleophilic power to polarisability and basicity. The Marcus equation is an example of a quadratic free-energy relationship (QFER).
IUPAC has suggested that this name should be replaced by linear Gibbs energy relation, but at present there is little sign of acceptance of this change.
The area of physical organic chemistry which deals with such relations is commonly referred to as 'linear free-energy relationships'.
Chemical and physical properties
A typical LFER relation for predicting the equilibrium concentration of a compound or solute in the vapor phase to a condensed (or solvent) phase can be defined as follows (following M.H. Abraham and co-workers):
where is some free-energy related property, such as an adsorption or absorption constant, , anesthetic potency, etc. The lowercase letters (, , , , ) are system constants describing the contribution of the aerosol phase to the sorption process. The capital letters (, , , , ) are solute descriptors representing the complementary properties of the compounds. Specifically,
is the gas–liquid partition constant on n-hexadecane at 298 K;
= the excess molar refraction ( for n-alkanes).
= the ability of a solute to stabilize a neighbouring dipole by virtue of its capacity for orientation and induction interactions;
= the solute's effective hydrogen bond acidity; and
= the solute's effective hydrogen-bond basicity.
The complementary system constants are identified as
= the contribution from cavity formation and dispersion interactions;
= the contribution from interactions with solute n-electrons and pi electrons;
= the contribution from dipole-type interactions;
= the contribution from hydrogen-bond basicity (because a basic sorbent will interact with an acidic solute); and
= the contribution from hydrogen-bond acidity to the transfer of the solute from air to the aerosol phase.
Similarly, the correlation of solvent–solvent partition coefficients as , is given by
where is McGowan's characteristic molecular volume in cubic centimeters per mole divided by 100.
See also
Brønsted catalysis equation
Hammett equation
Taft equation
Swain–Lupton equation
Grunwald–Winstein equation
Yukawa–Tsuno equation
Edwards equation
Marcus equation
Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle
Quantitative structure–activity relationship
References
External links
Solutions
Physical organic chemistry |
KNDB (channel 26) is a television station in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States. Owned by BEK Sports Network, Inc., a subsidiary of BEK Communications Cooperative, it is affiliated with multiple networks on various digital subchannels, with Heroes & Icons and BEK Prime on its main channel. KNDB's studios are located on East Interstate Avenue in Bismarck, and its transmitter is located near St. Anthony, North Dakota.
KNDM (channel 24) in Minot, North Dakota operates as a semi-satellite of KNDB extending its signal into the northern portion of the Bismarck–Minot market; this station's transmitter is located near South Prairie. KNDM simulcasts all programming as provided through its parent, but airs separate commercial inserts and station identifications. Although KNDM maintains an advertising sales office on 32nd Avenue SW in Minot, master control and most internal operations are based at KNDB's facilities.
From 1999 until 2014, KNDB was known as KNDX, and KNDM was known as KXND. Collectively, the stations were affiliates of Fox and were founded and previously owned by Prime Cities Broadcasting; in 2014, as part of Gray Television's acquisition of the NBC North Dakota chain from Hoak Media, Excalibur Broadcasting—a shell company affiliated with Gray, attempted to acquire KNDX/KXND from Prime Cities, and have Gray operate them under shared services agreements (SSAs). However, due to growing scrutiny surrounding such agreements and virtual duopoly operations, Gray instead acquired the stations' non-license assets and moved Fox programming to sub-channels of its statewide network of NBC affiliates on June 13, 2014, at which point KNDX and KXND went dark pending their sale to a minority owned broadcaster. The subchannels inherited KNDX/KXND's slots on area cable systems.
The stations' translators—KNDX-LD (channel 38) in Dickinson (previously K38HS) and KXND-LD (channel 38) in Williston (previously K38HA)—were sold outright to Gray and continued to carry Fox programming as a simulcast of the subchannels of NBC affiliates KQCD-TV (channel 7) and KUMV-TV (channel 8), respectively. The licenses for both translators were returned to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in October 2020.
History
The stations signed on in November 1999 as KNDX and KXND, bringing Fox network programming to Western North Dakota for the first time. Prior to KNDX/KXND's inception, cable television subscribers in Bismarck, Minot and Dickinson received now-defunct Foxnet on cable for Fox programming, while areas east of Bismarck received Fox from KJRR in Jamestown. Prior to K38HA's inception, cable television subscribers in the Williston area received Denver's KDVR on cable for Fox programming. Rural cable companies south of Dickinson began to carry KEVN-TV from Rapid City, South Dakota for Fox programming in 1996 (replacing Foxnet), and continue to receive Fox from KEVN-LD. At the outset, KNDX and KXND also carried UPN programming during late nights; this ended when UPN shut down in 2006.
Until 2005, KNDX and KXND were known collectively as West Dakota Fox. That year, the stations changed their monikers in favor of the station identities for their area. The West Dakota Fox moniker is now currently being used on the second digital subchannels of the NBC North Dakota network (KFYR-TV/KMOT).
LMA with KBMY/KMCY
From 2002 until 2008, KNDX/KXND was in a local marketing agreement (LMA), with KBMY and KMCY, the ABC affiliates of Bismarck and Minot respectively. The LMA between both stations allowed KBMY/KMCY to share the facilities, staff, and some equipment of KNDX/KXND.
The LMA with Forum Communications Company (the owners of KBMY/KMCY) ended in 2008, when Forum decided to originate programming for KBMY/KMCY remotely from their television facilities of WDAY-TV, Forum's flagship ABC station in Fargo.
Aborted sale to Excalibur Broadcasting; sale to Legacy Broadcasting
On November 20, 2013, Excalibur Broadcasting announced it would purchase KNDX/KXND for $7.5 million. Gray Television also announced its purchase of Hoak Media, owners of the NBC North Dakota chain; Gray Television was to have operated KNDX/KXND under an LMA following the sale, making them sister stations to KFYR-TV. On March 25, 2014, Prime Cities requested that the FCC dismiss the sale to Excalibur; this occurred the next day. On May 1, 2014, Gray purchased KNDX/KXND's non-license assets and assumed control of the stations through a local marketing agreement. The LMA was designed to end for the full-power KNDX and KXND licenses if Gray purchases another television station in the market, but remained in place for repeaters KNDX-LD and KXND-LP, which Gray chose to acquire outright.
At midnight on June 13, 2014, the full power signals of KNDX and KXND went off the air, and Fox programming were moved to a DT2 subchannel of KFYR-TV and its NBC North Dakota satellite stations. KNDX and KXND were then put up for sale on the stipulation that they be acquired by minority interests, which would allow the stations to continue operating on the conditions that they be operated independently of other stations (under minority, female and/or non-profit ownership) and not make any partnerships or sharing arrangements with other broadcasters.
On August 27, 2014, Gray announced that it would sell KNDX and KXND to Legacy Broadcasting, a new broadcasting company controlled by Sherry Nelson and daughter Sara Jane Ingram. In preparation for the sale, on December 2, 2014 KXND changed its call letters to KNDM; two weeks later, on December 15, KNDX became KNDB. The sale was completed on December 15.
The stations added BEK Sports in 2015, carrying area high school sports, in collaboration with KRDK-TV in Fargo/Grand Forks.
Sale to BEK Sports Network
On April 6, 2018, it was announced that BEK Sports Network, a unit of fiber-optic internet/IPTV provider BEK Communications Cooperative, would acquire KNDB and KNDM for $950,000; the sale was completed on July 31.
In August 2021, the station picked up rights to preseason games of the Green Bay Packers.
Technical information
Subchannels
The stations' digital signals are multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
Both stations shut down their analog signals on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital channel allocations post-transition are as follows:
KNDB shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 26; the station "flash-cut" its digital signal into operation on UHF channel 26.
KNDM shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 24; the station "flash-cut" its digital signal into operation on UHF channel 24.
Retransmission controversies
Prime Cities was involved in retransmission consent negotiations with Midcontinent Communications and Dish Network, along with DirecTV which were described by those providers as contentious, and resulted in removals of the channels from each of the services, including DirecTV, which discontinued their carriage. The stations were removed from Midcontinent on April 8, 2012, and were kept off that system for a month until a new carriage agreement was signed on May 16.
References
External links
Television channels and stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in North Dakota
NDB
Heroes & Icons affiliates
Grit (TV network) affiliates
Quest (American TV network) affiliates
Cozi TV affiliates
Bounce TV affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Get (TV network) affiliates
Court TV affiliates
Buzzr affiliates
Scripps News affiliates
Bismarck, North Dakota |
Teesdorf is a town in the district of Baden in Lower Austria in Austria.
Population
References
Cities and towns in Baden District, Austria |
Ditanpayabouri is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
References
Populated places in Kara Region
Bassar Prefecture |
WIGM (1490 AM) is a radio station, licensed to Medford, Wisconsin, United States, that broadcasts a sports format. The station is currently owned by WIGM, Incorporated, and features programming from CBS Sports Radio.
In February 2019 WIGM changed their format from sports to country, branded as "Kickin' Country" (simulcast on FM translator W296DL Medford).
Previous logo
(WIGM's logo under previous ESPN Radio affiliation)
References
External links
IGM
Country radio stations in the United States |
Viterbese Castrense are an Italian football club which are based in Viterbo. During the 2019-20 campaign they will be participating in the following competitions: Serie C, Coppa Italia, Coppa Italia Serie C.
Current squad
Competitions
Serie C
Results summary
Matches
Coppa Italia
Coppa Italia Serie C
References
1. *Italy - ADC Viterbese Castrense - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway
2. *
External links
Official homepage
Viterbese
US Viterbese 1908 seasons |
Altıyaka is a village in the Keban District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 124 (2021).
References
Villages in Keban District
Kurdish settlements in Elazığ Province |
RIOJA-2 was a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the United Kingdom and Belgium across the North Atlantic Ocean/English Channel.
It had landing points in:
Porthcurno, Cornwall, United Kingdom
De Panne, West Flanders, Belgium
It was withdrawn from service on 13 October 2006.
References
Kingfisher information site
FreeLibrary article
Submarine communications cables in the English Channel
Belgium–United Kingdom relations
De Panne
2006 disestablishments in England
2006 disestablishments in Belgium |
Eugene Allan Burdick (October 15, 1912 – November 3, 2000) was a judge in North Dakota's Fifth Judicial District and a surrogate judge of the North Dakota Supreme Court. He was on the bench from 1953 until he retired in 1978.
Life
Burdick was born to Usher L. Burdick and Emma C. Robertson Burdick. He graduated from the University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota School of Law.
Eugene Allan Burdick was born in a log cabin just east of Williston, North Dakota to North Dakota lawyer, rancher, author and politician Usher L. Burdick and Emma C. Robertson Burdick. Burdick's birthplace served as the Little Muddy Post Office in Dakota Territory in the 1880s. Burdick had an older brother, Quentin Northrup Burdick, who served 32 years in the U.S. Senate, and a younger sister, Eileen Burdick Levering. The three followed in their father's footsteps, each graduating from law school.
Burdick grew up in Williston, graduating from Williston High School in 1929 at the age of 16, and entering the University of Minnesota Law School that fall. The summers of 1930 and 1931, he travelled with his father trading buckskins and beads with Sioux Indians in exchange for articles of finished beadwork. The extensive Burdick Collection and photos he took are now housed at the North Dakota Heritage Center and State Museum.
Career
Burdick was admitted to the Bar of North Dakota in 1935, and practiced law at Williston from 1935–1953, the last six of those years serving as Williams County State's Attorney. On June 1, 1953, he was appointed Fifth Judicial District Judge by Gov. C. Norman Brunsdale for the unexpired term of Judge McGee. Burdick was elected to the bench in 1954, and reelected in 1960, 1966 and 1972. After retiring in 1978, he continued serving as a Surrogate Judge of the North Dakota Supreme Court until his death. Burdick served 41 years as commissioner on the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, and as its president from 1971–73. He was chairman of the NCCUSL Style Committee for 24 years. He was a member of the American Bar Association, American Judicature Society, American Law Institute, Institute of Judicial Administration, National Conference of State Trial Judges, National Council of Juvenile Court Judges, State Bar Association of North Dakota (President 1951-52), Order of the Coif, Phi Alpha Delta and Sigma Nu fraternity
Personal life, family
On February 14, 1939, Valentine's Day, Burdick married Emma May Picard. Three children were born to the marriage, a daughter, Cynthia, who died in infancy; a son, William Eugene Burdick; and a daughter, Elizabeth Burdick Cantarine. The Burdick marriage lasted 61 years until his death on November 3, 2000, in Sarasota, Florida, where they lived in retirement. Mrs. Burdick died in 2003.
References
1912 births
2000 deaths
Burdick family
North Dakota state court judges
People from Sarasota, Florida
People from Williston, North Dakota
University of Minnesota Law School alumni
20th-century American judges |
Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth, also known as 'S157', is a decision of the High Court of Australia.
It is an important case in Australian Administrative Law, in particular for its holdings about Parliament's inability to restrict the availability of constitutional writs.
As of September 2020, 'S157' is the 12th most cited case of the High Court.
Background
The plaintiff, wished to challenge a decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal denying him a protection visa. Two sections of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) denied him the right to appeal the decision. The plaintiff applied to the High Court, arguing that the relevant sections did not apply to applications for relief under s75(v) of the Constitution. s474 purported to make certain decisions ("privative clause decisions") final and unreviewable, stating that such decisions are "not subject to prohibition, mandamus, injunction, declaration or certiorari in any court on any account". S486A placed time limits on applications to the High Court in respect of these decisions.
The plaintiff argued that s474 was directly inconsistent with s75(v) and therefore invalid.
The privative clause was based on that considered in R v Hickman, with Philip Ruddock, the Minister for Immigration, stating:
Members may be aware that the effect of a privative clause such as that used in Hickman's case is to expand the legal validity of the acts done and the decisions made by decision-makers. The result is to give decision makers wider lawful operation for their decisions, and this means that the grounds on which those decisions can be challenged in the Federal and High Courts are narrower than currently.
Decision
The Hickman principle was, the majority held, simply a rule of construction allowing apparently incompatible statutory provisions to be reconciled.
Two rules of construction relating to privative clauses were held to exist:
"if there is an opposition between the Constitution and any such provision, it should be resolved by adopting [an] interpretation [consistent with the Constitution if] that is fairly open." (per Hickman); and
Privative clauses are construed strictly.
Applying these principles led to the conclusion that although the two sections were valid, they did not apply to the plaintiff's action in the High Court because the section did not extend to decisions affected by jurisdictional error. Gaudron, McHugh, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ said:
104. The reservation to this Court by the Constitution of the jurisdiction in all matters in which the named constitutional writs or an injunction are sought against an officer of the Commonwealth is a means of assuring to all people affected that officers of the Commonwealth obey the law and neither exceed nor neglect any jurisdiction which the law confers on them. The centrality, and protective purpose, of the jurisdiction of this Court in that regard places significant barriers in the way of legislative attempts (by privative clauses or otherwise) to impair judicial review of administrative action.
Notes
References
External links
High Court of Australia cases
2003 in Australian law
2003 in case law
Australian migration law |
Sainik School, Chittorgarh, established in 1961, is a CBSE-affiliated fully residential English-medium
School functioning under the aegis of the Sainik Schools' Society, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, located at Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.
It is one of several Sainik Schools. The school prepares students for entry into the National Defence Academy. The School is affiliated with CBSE.
It was ranked 3rd best Boys Boarding School all over India in 2019-20.
The school and its buildings occupy about .
NCC (National Cadet Corps) training is compulsory.
References
External links
http://www.sschittorgarh.com/
Schools in Rajasthan
Sainik schools
Military high schools
Boys' schools in India
Educational institutions established in 1961
Education in Chittorgarh district
Boarding schools in Rajasthan
1961 establishments in Rajasthan |
"Sticks and Stones" (stylised as "sticks + stones") is a song recorded by English singer Nicola Roberts, for her debut studio album, Cinderella's Eyes (2011). Roberts co-wrote the song with Maya von Doll and its producer Dimitri Tikovoi. "Sticks and Stones" lyrically discusses her negative experiences as part of the girl group Girls Aloud, including that of her underage alcohol consumption and "faceless" bullying from the media and other celebrities. The song found success with anti-bullying organisations and garnered positive reviews from music critics, with many complementing the honesty of its lyrics.
A lyric video was posted on Roberts' official Twitter account and YouTube channel. She performed an acoustic version of the track, which was then also uploaded to her official YouTube channel. Roberts appeared on British morning show BBC Breakfast to discuss her activism and the lyricism of the track, which led her to do the same on BBC News and discuss the same issues with Rolling Stone. Continuing her activism, she talked to the education secretary Michael Gove to help eradicate bullying.
Writing and inspiration
After winning the reality television series Popstars: The Rivals to become one fifth of the girlband Girls Aloud, Roberts found herself subject to bullying. She endured years of taunting and being branded "the ugly one" of the group and she would often "cry herself to sleep", finding herself to be a victim of "faceless" bullying, advocated by celebrities such as Chris Moyles and Lily Allen. The abuse soon began to have an effect on Roberts mental stability, suffering from an "identity crisis". The taunts brought her close to a breakdown, with Roberts stating she was "miserable and confused" and soon after she found comfort in drinking alcohol. Originally, her ginger hair was something she "absolutely loved" as it was "just [her] thing" but, after joining the band, her appearance became an issue with the press – and Roberts recalled feeling that "the general perception" of her "is really not great at all." "People feel they can say nasty things and have anonymity behind the net – as they did with all the nasty comments about me – without fear of recrimination", Roberts said, and five years after the bullying, she found herself in a "better place", with critics complementing her image such as Clemmie Moodie from the Daily Mirror who said "the 25-year-old radiates confidence and, with a string of fashion successes has blossomed." "Sticks and Stones" was then written in response to these negative feelings, and Roberts found throughout the writing process she was cautioned by the serious subject matter, wishing to create a track featuring a "universal chorus" and to avoid self-indulgence.
Development and music
After the writing process, Roberts described the production of "Sticks and Stones" a "nightmare". Ownership over the song was something she wanted "every single last little bit" of, so she could maintain her writing credits for the track and make something she is "proud of". Roberts' behaviours left her late for several recording sessions, stating that she'd "rather be late" than feel bad.
The song describes a time when Roberts was in severe depression, and discusses when she would "beg" her driver to buy her alcohol underage – with lyrics saying, "How funny that I was too young for so many things, yet you thought I'd cope with being told I'm ugly." Whilst writing for website Holy Moly, Roberts discussed the concept of "Sticks and Stones". She said, "What it is with Sticks and Stones is I wanted all the people out there who hurt like that to know that they’re not the only ones in that position. Sometimes there’s so many people in the world suffering from the same thing or hurting from the same thing, but they feel like they’re on their own. I wanted a song that could highlight the subject so it was like, actually I’m so not on my own here." Lyricism on the track, of which some was based around rap, hears Roberts performing about personal events. She said:
The lyrics are quite personal. I like rap music, and rappers use real-life language and don’t hold back in what they talk about. My lyrics aren’t generic pop lyrics just there because they rhyme. I’ve tried to write things as I’d say them, so it sounds more like me. There’s a song called Sticks And Stones, which is about when I was 17 and I thought I’d won the jackpot when I got in the band [Girls Aloud], and then things not turning out as I might have expected. The middle eight on that song is very honest and truthful.
Advocacy
The release of Cinderella's Eyes sparked interest surrounding the track "Sticks and Stones", which saw Roberts appear on British television show BBC Breakfast, to discuss the lyricism of the track in relation to bullying. Shortly before the interview commenced, a portion of the lyric video was broadcast live which made Roberts "nervous", stating she does not "like listening to that song when other people are around". She found that the presenters of the interview were more interested that she had initially expected, which made the situation increasingly difficult. In addition to advocating bullying as a top issue on the show, Roberts gave an interview to BBC News, where presenters once again discussed the track and lyrical themes within. During the interview, Roberts said that social networking site Twitter is a tool that highlights the severity of bullying, calling it "out of control".
Roberts then gave an interview to Rolling Stone, in which she discussed "Sticks and Stones", her advocacy against bullying, and how she is "sick" of an image driven society. In the past, Roberts had pushed for a ban on under 18s using tanning beds, which followed through after backing from health secretary Andy Burnham. This initiated talks with Roberts and the British parliament. Roberts took a similar stance on bullying, saying it "doesn't need to happen", and that the British laws are failing to combat the issue. She noted, "People are still scared to go to school, kids are threatening to kill themselves; it's disgusting that it persists. So, again, I'm giving a voice to a cause, to hopefully affect change." Roberts then started communications with the education secretary, Michael Gove, to help raise awareness of the issue. On her official website, Roberts explained her progression to help eradicate bullying, saying:
"The internet has really highlighted this issue. It shows us how easy it is for people to pass judgement on others and it also shows us that people now have a place for expression. Whether it be twitter or blog posts it gives people a place to offload. Whenever I have bought somebody's record I always flick through and search for the ones that I really relate to at that time, they become my favourites, I play that song to death and then the rest of the album gets its chance. Music is there to milk an emotion I think. Whether it be a party track when you want to feel sky high or an emotional song when you need something to draw out how you feel inside. That's my sticks and stones and it's so comforting to know that it's yours too. I'm going to try my best to speak to Micheal Gove the educational secretary about how we can work out a better support system in schools for people finding themselves in unbearable situations every time they walk through the school gate… I'll keep you posted on that. Wish me luck!"
Response
Lyricism of the track has been "applauded" by anti-bullying organisations, whom have claimed it has "won her a legion of new fans". Emily Mackay of NME gave a positive review saying "it’s hard to imagine what it must be like for a teenager to submit to that kind of sniping scrutiny" calling the track "beautiful" and concluding her review saying the "ballad goes some way of explaining it without over-egging the point." Krystina Nellis of Drowned in Sound called the track "cuttingly personal". In a review for Cinderella's Eyes James Lachno of The Daily Telegraph discussed "Sticks and Stones" lyricism noting "but it’s Roberts’s autobiographical lyrics – notably tackling body image – that consistently startle, recalling the aching sincerity of diminutive Swede Robyn." Matthew Horton of Virgin Media positively commented on the lyricism of both tracks; "Take a Bite" and "Sticks and Stones" from Cinderella's Eyes, Horton described "Sticks and Stones" as a "gorgeous ballad" and concluded his response saying, "This quiet one has found a platform and she’s not going to step down without a fight." Roberts stated she struggles to listen to the track in the company of others, and that her parents were deeply affected when they listened to it. The effect of "Sticks and Stones" on her family and friends was discussed by Roberts who said;
It’s been a bit of an eye-opener to my family and friends. We all just pretended it wasn’t happening, the whole situation made me feel embarrassed – the horrible comments. We never talked about it. But the song really struck her because I never spoke about it so how would they know? She sort of saw what I went through, the brave face I put on. In terms of the rest of the band, none of us spoke about the bullying; we pretended it wasn’t happening. They could see I was embarrassed by it and didn’t want to bring it up and make it worse, or make one of the girls uncomfortable and embarrassed.
References
Nicola Roberts songs
Songs written by Dimitri Tikovoi
Songs written by Nicola Roberts
2011 songs
Songs about bullying |
is a compilation album by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka, released on November 25, 1999, after her marriage to actor Yōsuke Eguchi on June 3 and her subsequent retirement from the music industry. The album features a selection of deep cuts from Moritaka's 1989–1992 back catalog, plus her recording of "Hikisakanaide Futari wo", which she originally wrote for Noriko Katō in 1992.
The album peaked at No. 82 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 3,000 copies.
Track listing
All lyrics are written by Chisato Moritaka, except where indicated; all music is composed and arranged by Hideo Saitō, except where indicated.
Personnel
Chisato Moritaka – vocals (13)
Hideo Saitō – all instruments and programming (13)
Charts
References
External links
1999 compilation albums
Chisato Moritaka compilation albums
Japanese-language compilation albums
Warner Music Japan compilation albums |
Herisau railway station () is a railway station in Herisau, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is an intermediate station on the Bodensee–Toggenburg line of Südostbahn and the Gossau–Wasserauen line of Appenzell Railways. Both companies have separate tracks and facilities, separated by Bahnhofplatz.
Layout
Herisau serves both the east–west Bodensee–Toggenburg line of Südostbahn (SOB) and the north–south Gossau–Wasserauen line of Appenzell Railways (AB). SOB has two platforms serving three tracks ( 1–3) on the north side of Bahnhofplatz. AB is similarly situated, with two platforms serving tracks 11–13 south of Bahnhofplatz.
A major project is underway to improve access to the station and redevelop parts of the site. This project will shift the Appenzell Railways tracks and platforms a short distance to the south, permitting the construction of a new bus loading area off Bahnhofplatz. Besides affording greater capacity, this loading area will be handicap-accessible. Traffic congestion will be further reduced by the construction of a roundabout at the intersection of Bahnhofplatz and Bahnhofstrasse, just west of the station. Construction work began in January 2021; it is estimated that the entire project will be complete by 2028.
Services
the following services stop at Herisau:
Voralpen-Express: hourly service over the Bodensee–Toggenburg line between Lucerne and St. Gallen.
: hourly service over the Bodensee–Toggenburg line to Konstanz.
St. Gallen S-Bahn:
: hourly service over the Bodensee–Toggenburg line between Nesslau-Neu St. Johann and Altstätten SG.
: hourly service over the Bodensee–Toggenburg line via Sargans (circular operation).
: half-hourly service over the Gossau–Wasserauen line between Gossau SG and Wasserauen.
: hourly service over the Bodensee–Toggenburg line to St. Gallen.
The S2 and S4 combine for half-hourly service between and Altstätten SG; the various services on the Bodensee–Toggenburg line provide one train approximately every 11 minutes between Herisau and St. Gallen.
Notes
References
External links
Railway stations in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Südostbahn stations
Herisau
Appenzell Railways stations
Railway stations in Switzerland opened in 1910 |
Olumide Edwards Adegbulu (born September 1976), known by his stage name Olu Maintain (sometimes called Mr. Yahooze), is a Nigerian singer. He co-founded the musical group known as Maintain with his cousin, Tolu Ogunniyi. Adeboye Bammeke, popularly known as Big Bamo, joined the group, which released six albums between 1998 and 2004 with the hit songs "I Catch Cold", "Domitila" and "Alo" before they separated in 2004.
Olu rose to prominence in May 2007 with the release of the hit song "Yahooze" which literarily hail internet fraud and lavish spending from his debut studio album, Yahooze (2007), and a second album, Maintain Reloaded (2008). He featured Big Bamo in the single "Kowonje".
"Yahooze" was named Hottest Single of the Year at the Nigeria Entertainment Awards. Olu Maintain's "Yahooze" was the genesis of an open declaration of support for internet fraud and lavish spending by an "A list" artiste which is now a norm in the Nigeria music industry.
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In 2008, he performed "Yahooze" at the Royal Albert Hall, London and brought on stage Colin Powell, the former United States Secretary of State.
Biography
He was born in September 1976 in Lagos State, western Nigeria, but hails from then Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria. His parents are medical practitioners; his father is a medical doctor and his mother is a nurse.
In 2001, he obtained a diploma certificate in accountancy from The Polytechnic, Ibadan, but began his music career in 1997. The same year, he released his first album, Domitila. The music was aired in October 1998.
On 27 July 2009, he released the album With All Due Respect, Press Play with a hit single titled "What a Man Can Do" featuring Kentro World.
In January 2012, he released a single, "Nawti", which earned the Nigeria Entertainment Awards for Best Video of the Year and Best Reggae/Dancehall Video of the Year at the Nigeria Music Video Awards.
On 4 January 2013, he released two songs, titled "Hypnotize Me", featuring 50 Cent and Olivia, and "Oya Dancia", featuring Fatman Scoop.
Discography
Compilation albums
Olu Maintain (2017)
Singles (partial)
"Yahooze" (2009)
"Nawti" (2012)
"Hypnotize" (2013)
"Cinderella" (2015)
"Excuse My French" (2016)
Awards and nominations
References
Living people
1976 births
Nigerian male singer-songwriters
Nigerian singer-songwriters
Nigerian male pop singers
Nigerian hip hop singers
English-language singers from Nigeria
Yoruba-language singers
Musicians from Lagos
Nigerian music industry executives
The Polytechnic, Ibadan alumni
21st-century Nigerian male singers
People from Ondo State |
The International Business Machines Corporation (doing business as IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York and is present in over 175 countries. It specializes in computer hardware, middleware, and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries, and has held the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business for 29 consecutive years from 1993 to 2021.
IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems. For the next several decades, IBM would become an industry leader in several emerging technologies, including electric typewriters, electromechanical calculators, and personal computers. During the 1960s and 1970s, the IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform, and the company produced 80 percent of computers in the U.S. and 70 percent of computers worldwide.
After pioneering the multipurpose microcomputer in the 1980s, which set the standard for personal computers, IBM began losing its market dominance to emerging competitors. Beginning in the 1990s, the company began downsizing its operations and divesting from commodity production, most notably selling its personal computer division to the Lenovo Group in 2005. IBM has since concentrated on computer services, software, supercomputers, and scientific research. Since 2000, its supercomputers have consistently ranked among the most powerful in the world, and in 2001 it became the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year, beating this record in 2008 with over 4,000 patents. As of 2022, the company held 150,000 patents.
As one of the world's oldest and largest technology companies, IBM has been responsible for several technological innovations, including the automated teller machine (ATM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, and the UPC barcode. The company has made inroads in advanced computer chips, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and data infrastructure. IBM employees and alumni have won various recognitions for their scientific research and inventions, including six Nobel Prizes and six Turing Awards.
IBM is a publicly traded company and one of 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. It is among the world's largest employers, with over 297,900 employees worldwide in 2022. Despite its relative decline within the technology sector, IBM remains the seventh largest technology company by revenue, and 49th largest overall, according to the Fortune 500. It is also consistently ranked among the world's most recognizable, valuable, and admired brands.
History
IBM was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York; as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York and has operations in over 170 countries.
In the 1880s, technologies emerged that would ultimately form the core of International Business Machines (IBM). Julius E. Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885; Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888); Herman Hollerith (1860–1929) patented the Electric Tabulating Machine; and Willard Bundy invented a time clock to record workers' arrival and departure times on a paper tape in 1889. On June 16, 1911, their four companies were amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint forming a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) based in Endicott, New York. The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto.
They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards. Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered a position at CTR. Watson joined CTR as general manager and then, 11 months later, was made President when antitrust cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues reached $9 million ($ today) and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. Watson never liked the clumsy hyphenated name "Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company" and on February 14, 1924, chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines" which had previously been used as the name of CTR's Canadian Division. By 1933, most of the subsidiaries had been merged into one company, IBM.
The Nazis reportedly made extensive use of Hollerith punch card and alphabetical accounting equipment and IBM's majority-owned German subsidiary, Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH (Dehomag), supplied this equipment from the early 1930s. This equipment was critical to Nazi efforts to categorize citizens of both Germany and other nations that fell under Nazi control through ongoing censuses. This census data was used to facilitate the round-up of Jews and other targeted groups, and to catalog their movements through the machinery of the Holocaust, including internment in the concentration camps. Nazi concentration camps operate a Hollerith department called Hollerith Abteilung, which had IBM machineries that also included calculating and sorting machines. There is much debate amongst the history community about whether IBM was complicit in the use of these machines, whether the machines used were IBM branded, and even whether tabulating machines were used for this purpose at all.
IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to acknowledge and foster employee potential and achievements. For early-career high potential employees, IBM sponsors leadership development programs by discipline (e.g., general management (GMLDP), human resources (HRLDP), finance (FLDP)). Each year, the company also selects 500 IBM employees for the IBM Corporate Service Corps (CSC), which gives top employees a month to do humanitarian work abroad. For certain interns, IBM also has a program called Extreme Blue that partners top business and technical students to develop high-value technology and compete to present their business case to the company's CEO at internship's end.
The company also has various designations for exceptional individual contributors such as Senior Technical Staff Member (STSM), Research Staff Member (RSM), Distinguished Engineer (DE), and Distinguished Designer (DD). Prolific inventors can also achieve patent plateaus and earn the designation of Master Inventor. The company's most prestigious designation is that of IBM Fellow. Since 1963, the company names a handful of Fellows each year based on technical achievement. Other programs recognize years of service such as the Quarter Century Club established in 1924, and sellers are eligible to join the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Each year, the company also selects 1,000 IBM employees annually to award the Best of IBM Award, which includes an all-expenses-paid trip to the awards ceremony in an exotic location.
IBM built the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, an electromechanical computer, during World War II. It offered its first commercial stored-program computer, the vacuum tube based IBM 701, in 1952. The IBM 305 RAMAC introduced the hard disk drive in 1956. The company switched to transistorized designs with the 7000 and 1400 series, beginning in 1958.
In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the FORTRAN scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, IBM developed the SABRE reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.
In 1963, IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flights of the Mercury astronauts. A year later, it moved its corporate headquarters from New York City to Armonk, New York. The latter half of the 1960s saw IBM continue its support of space exploration, participating in the 1965 Gemini flights, 1966 Saturn flights, and 1969 lunar mission. IBM also developed and manufactured the Saturn V's Instrument Unit and Apollo spacecraft guidance computers.
On April 7, 1964, IBM launched the first computer system family, the IBM System/360. It spanned the complete range of commercial and scientific applications from large to small, allowing companies for the first time to upgrade to models with greater computing capability without having to rewrite their applications. It was followed by the IBM System/370 in 1970. Together the 360 and 370 made the IBM mainframe the dominant mainframe computer and the dominant computing platform in the industry throughout this period and into the early 1980s. They and the operating systems that ran on them such as OS/VS1 and MVS, and the middleware built on top of those such as the CICS transaction processing monitor, had a near-monopoly-level market share and became the thing IBM was most known for during this period.
In 1969, the United States of America alleged that IBM violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by monopolizing or attempting to monopolize the general-purpose electronic digital computer system market, specifically computers designed primarily for business, and subsequently alleged that IBM violated the antitrust laws in IBM's actions directed against leasing companies and plug-compatible peripheral manufacturers. Shortly after, IBM unbundled its software and services in what many observers believed was a direct result of the lawsuit, creating a competitive market for software. In 1982, the Department of Justice dropped the case as "without merit".
Also in 1969, IBM engineer Forrest Parry invented the magnetic stripe card that would become ubiquitous for credit/debit/ATM cards, driver's licenses, rapid transit cards, and a multitude of other identity and access control applications. IBM pioneered the manufacture of these cards, and for most of the 1970s, the data processing systems and software for such applications ran exclusively on IBM computers. In 1974, IBM engineer George J. Laurer developed the Universal Product Code. IBM and the World Bank first introduced financial swaps to the public in 1981, when they entered into a swap agreement. The IBM PC, originally designated IBM 5150, was introduced in 1981, and it soon became an industry standard.
In 1991 IBM began spinning off its many divisions into autonomous subsidiaries (so-called "Baby Blues") in an attempt to make the company more manageable and to streamline IBM by having other investors finance those companies. These included AdStar, dedicated to disk drives and other data storage products; IBM Application Business Systems, dedicated to mid-range computers; IBM Enterprise Systems, dedicated to mainframes; Pennant Systems, dedicated to mid-range and large printers; Lexmark, dedicated to small printers; and more. Lexmark was acquired by Clayton & Dubilier in a leveraged buyout shortly after its formation.
In September 1992, IBM completed the spin-off of their various non-mainframe and non-midrange, personal computer manufacturing divisions, combining them into an autonomous wholly owned subsidiary known as the IBM Personal Computer Company (IBM PC Co.). This corporate restructuring came after IBM reported a sharp drop in profit margins during the second quarter of fiscal year 1992; market analysts attributed the drop to a fierce price war in the personal computer market over the summer of 1992. The corporate restructuring was one of the largest and most expensive in history up to that point. By the summer of 1993, the IBM PC Co. had divided into multiple business units itself, including Ambra Computer Corporation and the IBM Power Personal Systems Group, the former an attempt to design and market "clone" computers of IBM's own architecture and the latter responsible for IBM's PowerPC-based workstations.
In 1993, IBM posted an $8 billion loss – at the time the biggest in American corporate history. Lou Gerstner was hired as CEO from RJR Nabisco to turn the company around. In 2002 IBM acquired PwC Consulting, the consulting arm of PwC which was merged into its IBM Global Services.
In 1998, IBM merged the enterprise-oriented Personal Systems Group of the IBM PC Co. into IBM's own Global Services personal computer consulting and customer service division. The resulting merged business units then became known simply as IBM Personal Systems Group. In 1999, IBM stopped selling their computers at retail outlets after their market share in this sector had fallen considerably behind competitors Compaq and Dell. Immediately afterwards, the IBM PC Co. was dissolved and merged into IBM Personal Systems Group.
On September 14, 2004, LG and IBM announced that their business alliance in the South Korean market would end at the end of that year. Both companies stated that it was unrelated to the charges of bribery earlier that year. Xnote was originally part of the joint venture and was sold by LG in 2012.
In 2005, the company sold all of its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo and, in 2009, it acquired software company SPSS Inc. Later in 2009, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputing program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its artificial intelligence program Watson, which was exhibited on Jeopardy! where it won against game-show champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter. The company also celebrated its 100th anniversary in the same year on June 16. In 2012, IBM announced it had agreed to buy Kenexa and Texas Memory Systems, and a year later it also acquired SoftLayer Technologies, a web hosting service, in a deal worth around $2 billion. Also that year, the company designed a video surveillance system for Davao City.
In 2014, IBM announced it would sell its x86 server division to Lenovo for $2.1 billion. while continuing to offer Power ISA-based servers. Also that year, IBM began announcing several major partnerships with other companies, including Apple Inc., Twitter, Facebook, Tencent, Cisco, UnderArmour, Box, Microsoft, VMware, CSC, Macy's, Sesame Workshop, the parent company of Sesame Street, and Salesforce.com.
In 2015, IBM announced three major acquisitions: Merge Healthcare for $1 billion, data storage vendor Cleversafe, and all digital assets from The Weather Company, including Weather.com and the Weather Channel mobile app. Also that year, IBM employees created the film A Boy and His Atom, which was the first molecule movie to tell a story. In 2016, IBM acquired video conferencing service Ustream and formed a new cloud video unit. In April 2016, it posted a 14-year low in quarterly sales. The following month, Groupon sued IBM accusing it of patent infringement, two months after IBM accused Groupon of patent infringement in a separate lawsuit.
In 2015, IBM bought the digital part of The Weather Company, Truven Health Analytics for $2.6 billion in 2016, and in October 2018, IBM announced its intention to acquire Red Hat for $34 billion, which was completed on July 9, 2019.
IBM announced in October 2020 that it would divest the Managed Infrastructure Services unit of its Global Technology Services division into a new public company. The new company, Kyndryl, will have 90,000 employees, 4,600 clients in 115 countries, with a backlog of $60 billion. IBM's spin off was greater than any of its previous divestitures, and welcomed by investors. IBM appointed Martin Schroeter, who had been IBM's CFO from 2014 through the end of 2017, as CEO of Kyndryl.
On March 7, 2022, a few days after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, IBM CEO Arvind Krishna published a Ukrainian flag and announced that "we have suspended all business in Russia". All Russian articles were also removed from the IBM website. On June 7, Krishna announced that IBM would carry out an "orderly wind-down" of its operations in Russia.
In 2023, IBM acquired Manta Software Inc. to complement its data and AI governance capabilities for an undisclosed amount.
Headquarters and offices
IBM is headquartered in Armonk, New York, a community north of Midtown Manhattan. A nickname for the company is the "Colossus of Armonk". Its principal building, referred to as CHQ, is a glass and stone edifice on a parcel amid a 432-acre former apple orchard the company purchased in the mid-1950s. There are two other IBM buildings within walking distance of CHQ: the North Castle office, which previously served as IBM's headquarters; and the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning (formerly known as IBM Learning Center (ILC)), a resort hotel and training center, which has 182 guest rooms, 31 meeting rooms, and various amenities.
IBM operates in 174 countries , with mobility centers in smaller market areas and major campuses in the larger ones. In New York City, IBM has several offices besides CHQ, including the IBM Watson headquarters at Astor Place in Manhattan. Outside of New York, major campuses in the United States include Austin, Texas; Research Triangle Park (Raleigh-Durham), North Carolina; Rochester, Minnesota; and Silicon Valley, California.
IBM's real estate holdings are varied and globally diverse. Towers occupied by IBM include 1250 René-Lévesque (Montreal, Canada) and One Atlantic Center (Atlanta, Georgia, US). In Beijing, China, IBM occupies Pangu Plaza, the city's seventh tallest building and overlooking Beijing National Stadium ("Bird's Nest"), home to the 2008 Summer Olympics.
IBM India Private Limited is the Indian subsidiary of IBM, which is headquartered at Bangalore, Karnataka. It has facilities in Coimbatore, Chennai, Kochi, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Gurugram, Noida, Bhubaneshwar, Surat, Visakhapatnam, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Jamshedpur.
Other notable buildings include:
the IBM Rome Software Lab (Rome, Italy),
Hursley House (Winchester, UK),
330 North Wabash (Chicago, Illinois, United States),
the Cambridge Scientific Center (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States),
the IBM Toronto Software Lab (Toronto, Canada),
the IBM Building, Johannesburg (Johannesburg, South Africa),
the IBM Building (Seattle) (Seattle, Washington, United States),
the IBM Hakozaki Facility (Tokyo, Japan),
the IBM Yamato Facility (Yamato, Japan),
the IBM Canada Head Office Building (Ontario, Canada)
the Watson IoT Headquarters (Munich, Germany).
Defunct IBM campuses include the IBM Somers Office Complex (Somers, New York), Spango Valley (Greenock, Scotland), and Tour Descartes (Paris, France). The company's contributions to industrial architecture and design include works by Marcel Breuer, Eero Saarinen, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, I.M. Pei and Ricardo Legorreta. Van der Rohe's building in Chicago was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National Building Museum.
IBM was recognized as one of the Top 20 Best Workplaces for Commuters by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2005, which recognized Fortune 500 companies that provided employees with excellent commuter benefits to help reduce traffic and air pollution. In 2004, concerns were raised related to IBM's contribution in its early days to pollution in its original location in Endicott, New York.
Finance
For the fiscal year 2020, IBM reported earnings of $5.6 billion, with an annual revenue of $73.6 billion. IBM's revenue has fallen for 8 of the last 9 years. IBM's market capitalization was valued at over $127 billion as of April 2021. IBM ranked No. 38 on the 2020 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. In 2014, IBM was accused of using "financial engineering" to hit its quarterly earnings targets rather than investing for the longer term.
Products and services
IBM has a large and diverse portfolio of products and services. , these offerings fall into the categories of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, commerce, data and analytics, Internet of things (IoT), IT infrastructure, mobile, digital workplace and cybersecurity.
IBM Cloud includes infrastructure as a service (IaaS), software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid cloud delivery models. For instance, the IBM Bluemix PaaS enables developers to quickly create complex websites on a pay-as-you-go model. IBM SoftLayer is a dedicated server, managed hosting and cloud computing provider, which in 2011 reported hosting more than 81,000 servers for more than 26,000 customers. IBM also provides Cloud Data Encryption Services (ICDES), using cryptographic splitting to secure customer data.
IBM also hosts the industry-wide cloud computing and mobile technologies conference InterConnect each year.
Hardware designed by IBM for these categories include IBM's Power microprocessors, which are employed inside many console gaming systems, including Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Nintendo's Wii U. IBM Secure Blue is encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors, and in 2014, the company revealed TrueNorth, a neuromorphic CMOS integrated circuit and announced a $3 billion investment over the following five years to design a neural chip that mimics the human brain, with 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses, but that uses just 1 kilowatt of power. In 2016, the company launched all-flash arrays designed for small and midsized companies, which includes software for data compression, provisioning, and snapshots across various systems.
IT outsourcing also represents a major service provided by IBM, with more than 60 data centers worldwide. IBM Developer is IBM's source for emerging software technologies, and SPSS is a software package used for statistical analysis. IBM's Kenexa suite provides employment and retention solutions, and includes the BrassRing, an applicant tracking system used by thousands of companies for recruiting. IBM also owns The Weather Company, which provides weather forecasting and includes weather.com and Weather Underground.
Smarter Planet is an initiative that seeks to achieve economic growth, near-term efficiency, sustainable development, and societal progress, targeting opportunities such as smart grids, water management systems, solutions to traffic congestion, and greener buildings.
Services provisions include Redbooks, which are publicly available online books about best practices with IBM products, and developerWorks, a website for software developers and IT professionals with how-to articles and tutorials, as well as software downloads, code samples, discussion forums, podcasts, blogs, wikis, and other resources for developers and technical professionals.
IBM Watson is a technology platform that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data. Watson was debuted in 2011 on the American game show Jeopardy!, where it competed against champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in a three-game tournament and won. Watson has since been applied to business, healthcare, developers, and universities. For example, IBM has partnered with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to assist with considering treatment options for oncology patients and for doing melanoma screenings. Several companies use Watson for call centers, either replacing or assisting customer service agents.
In January 2019, IBM introduced its first commercial quantum computer: IBM Q System One.
IBM also provides infrastructure for the New York City Police Department through their IBM Cognos Analytics to perform data visualizations of CompStat crime data.
In March 2020, it was announced that IBM will build the first quantum computer in Germany. The computer should allow researchers to harness the technology without falling foul of the EU's increasingly assertive stance on data sovereignty.
In June 2020, IBM announced that it was exiting the facial recognition business. In a letter to congress, IBM's Chief Executive Officer Arvind Krishna told lawmakers, "now is the time to begin a national dialogue on whether and how facial recognition technology should be employed by domestic law enforcement agencies."
In May 2022, IBM announced the company had signed a multi-year Strategic Collaboration Agreement with Amazon Web Services to make a wide variety of IBM software available as a service on AWS Marketplace. Additionally, the deal includes both companies making joint investments that make it easier for companies to consume IBM's offering and integrate them with AWS, including developer training and software development for select markets.
In November 2022, the company came out with a chip called the 433-qubit Osprey. Time called it "the world's most powerful quantum processor" and noted that if the processor's speed were represented in bits, the number would be larger than the total number of atoms in the universe.
In an effort to streamline its products and services, beginning in the 1990s, IBM has regularly sold off low margin assets while shifting its focus to higher-value, more profitable markets. In 1991, the company spun off its printer and keyboard manufacturing division to Lexmark, in 2005 it sold its personal computer (ThinkPad/ThinkCentre) business to Lenovo, in 2015 it adopted a "fabless" model with semiconductors design and offloaded manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, and in 2021 it spun-off its managed infrastructure services unit into a new public company named Kyndryl. IBM also announced the acquisition of the enterprise software company Turbonomic for $1.5 billion. In 2022, IBM announced it would sell Watson Health to private equity firm Francisco Partners. IBM also started a collaboration with new Japanese manufacturer Rapidus in late 2022, which led GlobalFoundries to file a lawsuit against IBM the following year.
Research
Research has been part of IBM since its founding, and its organized efforts trace their roots back to 1945, when the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory was founded at Columbia University in New York City, converting a renovated fraternity house on Manhattan's West Side into IBM's first laboratory. Now, IBM Research constitutes the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 12 labs on 6 continents. IBM Research is headquartered at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York, and facilities include the Almaden lab in California, Austin lab in Texas, Australia lab in Melbourne, Brazil lab in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, China lab in Beijing and Shanghai, Ireland lab in Dublin, Haifa lab in Israel, India lab in Delhi and Bangalore, Tokyo lab, Zurichlab and Africa lab in Nairobi.
In terms of investment, IBM's R&D expenditure totals several billion dollars each year. In 2012, that expenditure was approximately $6.9 billion. Recent allocations have included $1 billion to create a business unit for Watson in 2014, and $3 billion to create a next-gen semiconductor along with $4 billion towards growing the company's "strategic imperatives" (cloud, analytics, mobile, security, social) in 2015.
IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open-source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately $40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).
Famous inventions and developments by IBM include: the automated teller machine (ATM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), the electronic keypunch, the financial swap, the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, RISC, the SABRE airline reservation system, SQL, the Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, and the virtual machine. Additionally, in 1990 company scientists used a scanning tunneling microscope to arrange 35 individual xenon atoms to spell out the company acronym, marking the first structure assembled one atom at a time. A major part of IBM research is the generation of patents. Since its first patent for a traffic signaling device, IBM has been one of the world's most prolific patent sources. In 2021, the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 29 consecutive years for the achievement.
Five IBM employees have received the Nobel Prize: Leo Esaki, of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., in 1973, for work in semiconductors; Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, of the Zurich Research Center, in 1986, for the scanning tunneling microscope; and Georg Bednorz and Alex Müller, also of Zurich, in 1987, for research in superconductivity. Six IBM employees have won the Turing Award, including the first female recipient Frances E. Allen. Ten National Medals of Technology (USA) and five National Medals of Science (USA) have been awarded to IBM employees.
Brand and reputation
IBM is nicknamed Big Blue partly due to its blue logo and color scheme, and also in reference to its former de facto dress code of white shirts with blue suits. The company logo has undergone several changes over the years, with its current "8-bar" logo designed in 1972 by graphic designer Paul Rand. It was a general replacement for a 13-bar logo, since period photocopiers did not render narrow (as opposed to tall) stripes well. Aside from the logo, IBM used Helvetica as a corporate typeface for 50 years, until it was replaced in 2017 by the custom-designed IBM Plex.
IBM has a valuable brand as a result of over 100 years of operations and marketing campaigns. Since 1996, IBM has been the exclusive technology partner for the Masters Tournament, one of the four major championships in professional golf, with IBM creating the first Masters.org (1996), the first course cam (1998), the first iPhone app with live streaming (2009), and first-ever live 4K Ultra High Definition feed in the United States for a major sporting event (2016). As a result, IBM CEO Ginni Rometty became the third female member of the Master's governing body, the Augusta National Golf Club. IBM is also a major sponsor in professional tennis, with engagements at the U.S. Open, Wimbledon, the Australian Open, and the French Open. The company also sponsored the Olympic Games from 1960 to 2000, and the National Football League from 2003 to 2012.
In 2012, IBM's brand was valued at $75.5 billion and ranked by Interbrand as the third-best brand worldwide. That same year, it was also ranked the top company for leaders (Fortune), the number two green company in the U.S. (Newsweek), the second-most respected company (Barron's), the fifth-most admired company (Fortune), the 18th-most innovative company (Fast Company), and the number one in technology consulting and number two in outsourcing (Vault). In 2015, Forbes ranked IBM as the fifth-most valuable brand, and for 2020, the Drucker Institute named IBM the No. 3 best-managed company. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, IBM donated $250,000 to Polish Humanitarian Action and the same amount to People in Need, Czech Republic.
In terms of ESG, IBM reported its total CO2e emissions (direct and indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 at 621 kilotons (-324 /-34.3% year-on-year). In February 2021, IBM committed to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2030.
People and culture
Employees
IBM has one of the largest workforces in the world, and employees at Big Blue are referred to as "IBMers". The company pioneered in several employment practices unheard of at the time. IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance (1934), survivor benefits (1935), training for women (1935), paid vacations (1937), and training for disabled people (1942). IBM hired its first black salesperson in 1946, and in 1952, CEO Thomas J. Watson, Jr. published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Human Rights Campaign has rated IBM 100% on its index of gay-friendliness every year since 2003, with IBM providing same-sex partners of its employees with health benefits and an anti-discrimination clause. Additionally, in 2005, IBM became the first major company in the world to formally commit to not using genetic information in employment decisions. In 2017, IBM was named to Working Mothers 100 Best Companies List for the 32nd consecutive year.
IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to recognize employee potential and achievements. For early-career high potential employees, IBM sponsors leadership development programs by discipline (e.g., general management (GMLDP), human resources (HRLDP), finance (FLDP)). Each year, the company also selects 500 IBM employees for the IBM Corporate Service Corps (CSC), which gives top employees a month to do humanitarian work abroad. For certain interns, IBM also has a program called Extreme Blue that partners with top business and technical students to develop high-value technology and compete to present their business case to the company's CEO at internship's end.
The company also has various designations for exceptional individual contributors such as Senior Technical Staff Member (STSM), Research Staff Member (RSM), Distinguished Engineer (DE), and Distinguished Designer (DD). Prolific inventors can also achieve patent plateaus and earn the designation of Master Inventor. The company's most prestigious designation is that of IBM Fellow. Since 1963, the company names a handful of Fellows each year based on technical achievement. Other programs recognize years of service such as the Quarter Century Club established in 1924, and sellers are eligible to join the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Each year, the company also selects 1,000 IBM employees annually to award the Best of IBM Award, which includes an all-expenses-paid trip to the awards ceremony in an exotic location.
IBM's culture has evolved significantly over its century of operations. In its early days, a dark (or gray) suit, white shirt, and a "sincere" tie constituted the public uniform for IBM employees. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s, CEO Louis V. Gerstner Jr. relaxed these codes, normalizing the dress and behavior of IBM employees. The company's culture has also given to different plays on the company acronym (IBM), with some saying it stands for "I've Been Moved" due to relocations and layoffs, others saying it stands for "I'm By Myself" pursuant to a prevalent work-from-anywhere norm, and others saying it stands for "I'm Being Mentored" due to the company's open door policy and encouragement for mentoring at all levels. In terms of labor relations, the company has traditionally resisted labor union organizing, although unions represent some IBM workers outside the United States. In Japan, IBM employees also have an American football team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games, competing in the Japanese X-League as the "Big Blue".
In 2015, IBM started giving employees the option of choosing Mac as their primary work device, next to the option of a PC or a Linux distribution. In 2016, IBM eliminated forced rankings and changed its annual performance review system to focus more on frequent feedback, coaching, and skills development.
IBM alumni
Many IBM employees have achieved notability outside of work and after leaving IBM. In business, former IBM employees include:
Apple Inc. CEO Tim Cook
former EDS CEO and politician Ross Perot
Microsoft chairman John W. Thompson
SAP co-founder Hasso Plattner
Gartner founder Gideon Gartner
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) CEO Lisa Su
Cadence Design Systems CEO Anirudh Devgan
former Citizens Financial Group CEO Ellen Alemany
former Yahoo! chairman Alfred Amoroso
former AT&T CEO C. Michael Armstrong
former Xerox Corporation CEOs David T. Kearns and G. Richard Thoman
former Fair Isaac Corporation CEO Mark N. Greene
Citrix Systems co-founder Ed Iacobucci
former Lenovo CEO Steve Ward
former Teradata CEO Kenneth Simonds
In government, former IBM employees include:
Patricia Roberts Harris (United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development)
Samuel K. Skinner (U.S. Secretary of Transportation and as the White House Chief of Staff)
Mack Mattingly (Diplomat)
Thom Tillis (American politician)
Scott Walker (Former Governor of Wisconsin)
Arthur K. Watson (Former diplomat)
Todd Akin (US politician)
Glenn Andrews (Former US representative from Alabama)
Robert Garcia, (Former US representative)
Katherine Harris (Former US politician),
Amo Houghton (US politician)
Jim Ross Lightfoot (Former US House of Representatives)
Thomas J. Manton (US politician)
Donald W. Riegle Jr. (Former US senator)
Ed Zschau (US politician)
Other former IBM employees include:
NASA astronaut Michael J. Massimino
Canadian astronaut and former Governor General Julie Payette
musician Dave Matthews
Harvey Mudd College president Maria Klawe
Western Governors University president emeritus Robert Mendenhall
former University of Kentucky president Lee T. Todd Jr.
NFL referee Bill Carollo
former Rangers F.C. chairman John McClelland
recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature J. M. Coetzee
Board and shareholders
The company's 15-member board of directors are responsible for overall corporate management and includes the current or former CEOs of Anthem, Dow Chemical, Johnson and Johnson, Royal Dutch Shell, UPS, and Vanguard as well as the president of Cornell University and a retired U.S. Navy admiral.
In 2011, IBM became the first technology company Warren Buffett's holding company Berkshire Hathaway invested in. Initially he bought 64 million shares costing $10.5 billion. Over the years, Buffett increased his IBM holdings, but by the end of 2017 had reduced them by 94.5% to 2.05 million shares; by May 2018, he was completely out of IBM.
See also
IBM SkillsBuild
List of electronics brands
List of largest Internet companies
List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue
Tech companies in the New York City metropolitan region
Top 100 US Federal Contractors
References
Further reading
.
External links
1888 establishments in New York (state)
Technology companies established in 1888
American companies established in 1888
Cloud computing providers
Collier Trophy recipients
Companies based in Westchester County, New York
Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Computer companies of the United States
Data companies
Data quality companies
Display technology companies
Electronics companies of the United States
Information technology consulting firms of the United States
Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
National Medal of Technology recipients
Outsourcing companies
Point of sale companies
Software companies based in New York (state)
Storage Area Network companies
Software companies of the United States
International information technology consulting firms |
The following highways are numbered 19A:
Canada
British Columbia Highway 19A
Prince Edward Island Route 19A
China
Taiwan Provincial Highway 19A
India
Karnataka State Highway 19A
United States
Florida State Road A19A (former)
County Road 19A (Lake County, Florida)
Maryland Route 19A
Maryland Route 19A (1951–1962) (former)
County Road 19A (Washington County, Minnesota)
Nebraska Spur 19A
New York State Route 19A
County Route 19A (Allegany County, New York)
County Route 19A (Genesee County, New York)
County Route 19A (Schoharie County, New York)
County Route 19A (Suffolk County, New York)
South Dakota Highway 19A |
Swati Chaturvedi is an Indian journalist. She has worked for various Indian newspapers and channels, like The Statesman, The Indian Express, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, NDTV, DailyO, The Wire, Gulf News and Deccan Herald. She has also published two books; her first book is Daddy's Girl; her second book is titled I am a Troll: Inside the Secret World of the BJP's Digital Army. Swati Chaturvedi won the Prize for Courage, in 2018, awarded by Reporters Without Borders for journalism in a hostile environment.
See also
Barkha Dutt
References
External links
Swati Chaturvedi at NDTV
Indian editors
Indian columnists
Living people
Indian women editors
Indian women columnists
Indian investigative journalists
Indian women journalists
21st-century Indian journalists
21st-century Indian women writers
21st-century Indian writers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```shell
List current logged on users with `w`
Force a time update with `ntp`
Executing scripts on system boot using `systemd`
Fixing `locale` issues in Debian systems
Get hardware stack details with `lspci`
``` |
Samuel Maurice Hicks Jr., known professionally as S. Maurice Hicks Jr., (born December 5, 1952) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.
Education and career
Born in New Orleans, Hicks received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Texas Christian University in 1974 and a Juris Doctor from the Paul M. Hebert Law Center at Louisiana State University in 1977. He was a law clerk and staff attorney of the Louisiana Legislative Council from 1975 to 1977. He was in private practice in Shreveport, Louisiana, from 1977 to 2003.
District court service
On September 12, 2002, Hicks was nominated by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana vacated by Donald Ellsworth Walter. Hicks was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 19, 2003 by a 86–0 vote. He received his commission on May 21, 2003. He served as chief judge from November 3, 2017 to December 5, 2022, being mandated to step down on his 70th birthday.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
21st-century American judges
Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana
Louisiana State University Law Center alumni
Lawyers from New Orleans
Texas Christian University alumni
United States district court judges appointed by George W. Bush |
The Joseph Floyd Manor is a public housing facility designated for elderly and disabled citizens. It is in the upper peninsula area of Charleston, South Carolina. The building is located at 2106 Mt. Pleasant Street, on the northwest corner of Mt. Pleasant St. and King St. The 12-story building was originally known as the Darlington Apartments and was designed by William G. Lyles, Bissett, Carlisle & Wolff of Columbia, South Carolina. The facility has 156 single occupancy rooms.
History
The apartments cost $1,626,000 when it was built, starting in 1950. The ground floor was supposed to have space for commercial spaces, and the second floor was to have professional offices such as lawyers or doctors along with 156 apartments. Rent for an apartment ranged from $75 per month for a one-bedroom efficiency to $175 a month for one of three three-bedroom penthouse apartments. The property had been bought by Mr. Leonard D. Long in 1933 when it housed a tent community and there were only two nearby houses. Immediately before the construction began in January 1950, the site was home to a World War II-era nightclub known as the Windmill which was being used as a grocery store. The apartments were meant to cater to single men and women and retirees.
In 1979, the Charleston County Housing and Redevelopment Authority tried to rework the building into apartments for the elderly with the assistance of $2.5 million from the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The lowest bid received for the work, however, was $3.6 million. At the time, the chairman of the Authority was Joseph H. Floyd.
The work was eventually carried out, and the newly christened Joseph Floyd Manor reopened in March 1981 following a renovation. After the work, the first floor included a mix of uses; the second floor was for handicapped residents; and the upper floors were for the elderly. The building, named for chairman of the Authority board, reopened in March 1981.
In May 2020, conditions of the building came under question by residents and local state officials. After a tour of the facilities, South Carolina state house representative Wendell Gilliard wrote to Congressman Jim Clyburn that the conditions at Joseph Floyd Manor were "most definitely subhuman and deplorable." A meeting to discuss repair costs will be held for the Charleston County Council by the manor's housing board. Charleston County Council does not have direct oversight of the housing project, but Charleston County does name the commissioners of the Housing and Redevelopment Authority; on June 17, 2020, Charleston County Council removed George Dawson as a member of the Housing and Redevelopment Authority.
References
Buildings and structures in Charleston, South Carolina
Skyscrapers in South Carolina
Residential skyscrapers in South Carolina |
The OKB-1/Junkers EF 131 was a jet bomber produced in Germany and the USSR from 1944.
Development
The EF-131 was developed based on fragments of project documentation for the Ju 287 after the Red Army captured the Junkers factory in Dessau. The first prototype was built from components of the Junkers Ju 287 V2 and V3, the second and third prototypes (V – Versuchs – test/research/prototype) of the Luftwaffe's radical forward-swept-wing jet bomber. The V2 was nearly complete before the end of World War 2, but was hidden in the forest at Brandis along with Ju 287 V1 and eventually blown up by the Germans to avoid capture by US forces, and remnants of it, including wing sections, were taken into Red Air Force hands under military intelligence supervision along with the skeletal airframe of the unfinished V3. The V3 was to have been the first 287 to be made to pre-production model specifications, and the eventual EF-131 was almost identical to it in terms of overall design, except in having a slightly longer fuselage. The airplane was completed in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, but was dismantled and transported to GOZ-1, (Gosudarstvenny Optniy Zavod – state experimental plant), at Dubna near Moscow, because the victorious Allies forbade the construction and testing of aircraft in occupied Germany. OKB-1 at GOZ-1 was formed with Dr. Brunolf Baade as the chief designer, and a very talented team of German engineers seconded by the Soviet government. Extreme pressure was applied to get the aircraft ready to appear in the 1947 Aviation Day fly-past at Tushino airfield, but several factors combined to prevent the EF-131 from appearing.
Flight testing in the USSR began on 23 May 1947, at the LII airfield, after the airframe had been strengthened to meet the requirements of a TsAGI(Tsentralniy Aerodinamicheskiy i Gidrodinamicheskiy Institut- central aerodynamics and hydrodynamics institute) structural survey, which revealed major weaknesses of the airframe. The first flight resulted in the port undercarriage collapsing due to a bolt failure, subsequent flight tests revealed major deficiencies such as nosewheel shimmy and tail surface vibration. Rectification of the defects caused many delays but the worst delays were caused by bureaucracy when it was decreed that foreign workers could not work at the LII airfield.
The aircraft sat at LII over the winter but the harsh conditions caused the deterioration of rubber components and wiring, which required lengthy repairs. Preparations for resuming flight tests were almost complete in June 1948 when Ministry of Aircraft Industry Order No. 440 ordered that further work on the EF-131 be discontinued, termination of the programme being confirmed by resolution No.3206-1301 issued on 23 August 1948.
The EF-131 had become obsolete as newer Soviet-built engines with better performance became available. The airframe of the second prototype was used for the 140 programme.
Specifications (EF 131)
See also
References
Bibliography
Gunston, Bill. "The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995". London, Osprey. 1995.
Gordon, Yefim. "Early Soviet Jet Bombers". Hinkley, Midland. 2004.
External links
https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_ef131_a1.htm&date=2009-10-26+00:03:21
1940s German bomber aircraft
Germany–Soviet Union relations
Forward-swept-wing aircraft
Six-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947 |
Təsi (also, Tasy and Tesi) is a village and municipality in the Gobustan Rayon of Azerbaijan with a population of 340.
References
Populated places in Gobustan District |
Edward Bruce Haslingden (March 1923 – 17 April 2007) was an Australian cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. He finished 74th in the 18 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. Haslingden also competed in the 50 km event at those same games, but did not finish.
Together with Cedric Sloane, as part of Australia's first Winter Olympics team, they were the first Australians to compete at the Winter Olympics in the sport of cross-country skiing.
Haslingden's place at the Olympics was secured by 'qualifying' in a selection trial at Perisher Valley.
Haslingden was a grazier in the Cooma region of New South Wales who trained for the event on his farm. He later retired to Merimbula, New South Wales.
Haslingden died on 17 April 2007 from a staphylococcus infection acquired on his farm.
See also
Cross-country skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics – Men's 18 km
Cross-country skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 km
References
External links
18 km Olympic cross country results: 1948-52
Olympic 50 km cross country skiing results: 1948-64
1923 births
2007 deaths
Australian male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Australia
Cross-country skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Deaths from staphylococcal infection
Infectious disease deaths in New South Wales
20th-century Australian people
People from Cooma |
The Research Studios Austria Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (RSA FG) is a non-profit research institution in the area of eTechnologies and Smart Media. It currently operates a network of five research units called Studios cooperating with and creating research synergies among universities in Vienna, Linz, Salzburg and Innsbruck.
The RSA FG undertakes applied research projects. The research and development conducted at the Research Studios Austria is based on a process of rapid prototyping and a special research approach MIR (Modular Iterative Re-framing).
The Research Studios Austria FG competes for national and European research grants and funding in research excellence. It does contract research for clients in the private and public sectors and it receives the funding for its independent research from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research.
The current director is Peter A. Bruck.
History
The Research Studios Austria have been established in 2003, and were part of the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) formerly known as Austrian Research Centers (ARC) until Spring of 2008. In April 2008, the Research Studios Austria were spun out into a new company and the Research Studios Austria Forschungsgesellschaft mbH was founded.
Branches
Currently five different Studios are working in applied ICT research:
Inter-Organisational Systems: eGovernment-eBusiness (IOS, Vienna)
iSPACE (Salzburg)
MicroLearning & Information Environments (MINE, Innsbruck/Salzburg/Linz/Vienna)
Pervasive Computing Applications (PCA, Linz/Vienna)
Smart Agent Technologies (SAT, Vienna)
Footnotes
External links
Official Website
Artificial intelligence laboratories
Research institutes in Austria
Laboratories in Austria |
Diver Down is the fifth studio album by American rock band Van Halen, released on April 19, 1982. It spent 65 weeks on the album chart in the United States and had, by 1998, sold four million copies in the United States.
Background
The album cover artwork displays the "diver down" flag used in many US jurisdictions to indicate a SCUBA diver is currently submerged in the area. Asked about the cover in a 1982 interview with Sylvie Simmons (Sounds, June 23, 1982), David Lee Roth said it was meant to imply that "there was something going on that's not apparent to your eyes. You put up the red flag with the white slash. Well, a lot of people approach Van Halen as sort of the abyss. It means, it's not immediately apparent to your eyes what is going on underneath the surface." While impressed by Roth's creative marketing spin, manager Noel Monk also explained the sophomoric sexual double-entendre "dive her down" in his 2017 band memoir Running with the Devil. The back cover of the album features a photo by Richard Aaron of Van Halen on stage at the Tangerine Bowl in Orlando, Florida, that was taken on October 24, 1981, as they concluded a set opening for The Rolling Stones.
Music
Five of the twelve songs on the album are covers, the most popular being the cover of "(Oh) Pretty Woman", a Roy Orbison song. In retrospect, it turned out to be one of the Van Halen brothers' least-favorite albums, with Eddie stating "I would rather bomb with my own music than be the world's biggest cover band." In addition there are three short instrumentals "Cathedral", "Intruder" and the "Little Guitars" intro, leaving only four original full Van Halen songs on the album.
However, at the time while he admitted to the pressure the band was put under to record it, he was able to tell Guitar Player (Dec. 1982) that it "was fun":
In addition to this, three of the original songs were around long before the album was made. "Hang 'Em High" can trace its roots back to the band's 1976 bootlegs as "Last Night", which had the same music but different lyrics.. "The Full Bug" borrows heavily from an earlier demo track called "The Bottom Line" (not the track of the same name released on Roth's 1988 album Skyscraper) that leaked in 2023 and "Cathedral" was also nothing new, being played in its current form throughout 1981 with earlier versions going back to 1980. Additionally, "Happy Trails" had been recorded for their 1977 demos., leaving "Little Guitars" and "Secrets" as the only newly written full songs.
Songs
Two interviews from the period give the best account of how the band – especially Roth and Eddie Van Halen – saw the album at the time. The comments here are taken from Roth's interview with Sylvie Simmons (Sounds, June 23, 1982) and Eddie's interview with Jas Obrecht (Guitar Player, Dec. 1982).
"Where Have all the Good Times Gone"
Dave: "We're capable of playing six different Kinks' songs. Because at one time, back in our bar days, I bought a double album from K-Tel or something that had 30 Kinks tunes on it. We learned all of one side and played them into the dirt during the club gigs, twice a night each one, because they sounded so good and they were great to dance to, etc., etc."
Eddie: "The solo was more sounds than lines. I ran the edge of my pick up and down the strings for some of those effects. I think I used my Echoplex in that song."
"Hang 'Em High"
Dave: "It's like all those Westerns where there's some kind of dissonant sound in the background. Like they'll have one harmonica that hits only one note—eeeeeeeeee—and that's when you know the hero is coming to town or something terrible is going to happen. And what happens is Edward will come up with a song or a riff and then immediately I'll hear it and I'll know right away what the scenario is."
Eddie: "The solo was just loose, fun, craziness. I play it better every night than I did on the record, but who cares? It has feeling. Actually that was a really old song."
"Cathedral"
Eddie: "I've been doing 'Cathedral' for more than a year and I wanted to put it on record... it sounds like a Catholic church organ, which is how it got its name. On that cut I use the volume knob a lot. If you turn it up and down too fast, it heats up and freezes. I did two takes of that song, and right at the end of the second take, the volume knob just froze, just stopped."
"Secrets"
Dave: "The nucleus of the lyrics come from greeting cards and get-well cards that I bought in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on the last tour, and they were written in the style of American Indian poetry. 'May your moccasins leave happy tracks in the summer snows'."
Eddie: "I used a Gibson doubleneck 12-string, the model Jimmy Page uses, and played with a flatpick. The solo in 'Secrets' was a first take. I kind of laid back, and it fit the song."
"Intruder"
The track "Intruder", which precedes "(Oh) Pretty Woman", was written specifically to cover the length of the promotional video for the "(Oh) Pretty Woman" single. In his 1982 interview with Simmons, Roth takes credit for "Intruder", stating: "I wrote that... When we finished the movie (i.e., the video) it was about three minutes too long. So, I said, we won't cut any of it; we'll write soundtrack music for the beginning. So we went into the studio and I played the synthesizer and I wrote it. It took about an hour to put that together."
"(Oh) Pretty Woman"
The music video for "(Oh) Pretty Woman" was one of the first banned by MTV, although VH1 Classic (now MTV Classic) has continuously aired it in recent years. In 1982, Roth explained the ban as the result of complaints that it made fun of "an almost theological figure", the Samurai warrior (played by Michael Anthony), and also because two little people appeared to molest a woman (actually a Los Angeles area transvestite performer). The video, directed by Roth and Pete Angelus, was, he said: "rather like a surrealistic art project ... where they paint the picture and come back three days later and try to figure out what they meant."
"Dancing in the Street"
Dave: "It sounds like more than four people are playing, when in actuality there are almost zero overdubs — that's why it takes us such a short amount of time [to record]."
Eddie: "It takes almost as much time to make a cover song sound original as it does writing a (brand new) song. I spent a lot of time arranging and playing synthesizer on 'Dancing in the Streets,' and (the [critics]) just wrote it off as, 'Oh, it's just like the original.' So forget the critics! These are good songs. Why shouldn't we redo them for the new generation of people?"
"Little Guitars"
Dave: "Edward was saying he'd just seen this TV show with a flamenco guy doing all these wonderful things with his fingers, and he says 'I've figured out how to do it with one pick, watch this.' And he did it. And it sounded better than the original... It sounded Mexican to me, so I wrote a song for senoritas." The guitar used on the recording (and subsequent tour) was a miniature Les Paul, built by Nashville luthier David Petschulat and sold to Eddie on the earlier Fair Warning Tour.
Eddie: "I think that the best thing I do is cheat. I came up with the intro after I bought a couple of Carlos Montoya records. I was hearing his fingerpicking, going, 'My God, this guy is great. I can't do that.' So, I just listened to that style of music for a couple of days and I cheated! [Using a pick] I am doing trills on the high E and pull-offs with my left hand, and slapping my middle finger on the low E."
"Big Bad Bill (Is Sweet William Now)"
Dave: "I think it's a great song. And there's been this thread winding its way through all of Van Halen's music and all of our albums since beginning with 'Ice Cream Man.' I played acoustic guitar and songs like this for quite a while before I ever joined Van Halen. It's music. Why do I have to bang my head to every single song on every single album? I don't think the audience has that much lack of creativity or imagination."
Eddie: "It was Dave's idea to do 'Big Bad Bill'. He bought himself one of those Sanyo Walkman-type things with the FM-AM radio, and you can record off the radio if you like something you hear. He was up in his bedroom at his father's house and he found that if he stood in a certain spot and pointed his antenna a certain way, he picked up this weird radio station in Louisville, Kentucky. He recorded 'Big Bad Bill' and played it to us, and we started laughing ourselves silly and going, 'That is bad! Let's do it!' Dave suggested, 'Hey, we can get your old man to play the clarinet.' We said, 'sure.'
Dave: "I think when you hear Mr. Van Halen playing, you'll have an idea it's a shadow of where Eddie and Alex are now. There's a sense of humour in there, a lot of technique and a whole lot of beer!"
"The Full Bug"
Roth said 'PRFCs' were "great shoes for when the cockroach moves into the corner and you can't get at it with your foot or the broom anymore. You just jam your toe into the corner and hit as hard as you can. And if you did it right you got the full bug. So this slang means — bammm! — you have to give it everything you've got. Make the maximum effort, do everything possible, get the full bug."
Eddie: "Dave plays the acoustic guitar and harmonica on the intro of 'The Full Bug.' My lines in the middle of that are different. I've been doing a lot of stuff with Allan Holdsworth, and he inspires me."
"Happy Trails"
Dave: "Joke 'em if they can't take a fuck, Sylvie! You wouldn't believe the number of TV commercials and radio jingles this band can sing in four-part harmony."
Accolades
In 2022, Diver Down was named #3 of 'The 25 greatest rock guitar albums of 1982' list in Guitar World.
Track listing
Personnel
Van Halen
David Lee Roth – lead vocals, synthesizer on "Intruder", acoustic guitar and harmonica on "The Full Bug"
Eddie Van Halen – electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals, synthesizer on "Dancing in the Street"
Michael Anthony – bass guitar, backing vocals
Alex Van Halen – drums
Additional personnel
Jan Van Halen – clarinet on "Big Bad Bill"
Production
Richard Aaron – photography
Pete Angelus – art direction
Ken Deane – engineer
Donn Landee – engineer
Jo Motta – project coordinator
Richard Seireeni – art direction
Ted Templeman – producer
Neil Zlozower – photography
Charts
Singles
Certifications
References
Further reading
Van Halen albums
1982 albums
Warner Records albums
Albums produced by Ted Templeman
Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders |
Land expropriation in the West Bank refers to the practices employed by the State of Israel to take over Palestinian land in the occupied West Bank. From 1969 to 2019 Israel had issued over 1,150 military seizure orders alone to that purpose.
Overview
The mechanisms by which Israel seizes or expropriates West Bank land were set forth in a detailed work by B'Tselem in 2002 and many practices outlined there were confirmed in the official Israeli Sasson Report of 2005, which focused on government subsidies and support for the creation of illegal Israeli outposts in knowing contravention of Israel's own laws. This was done after the government had officially frozen new settlements, in both the Oslo Accords and an undertaking by Ariel Sharon.
Mechanisms
According to the analysis made by B'Tselem in 2002, there have been five mechanisms adopted to take over Palestinian land.
Seizure for Military Needs
According to Customary international humanitarian law the expropriation of residents' property by an occupying power is prohibited, except for temporary possession. Israel justified its initial requisitions of West Bank land as necessary for urgent military needs. Much private land was seized and expropriated nonetheless to create settlements, and justified on the grounds that even civilian settlements strengthen the security of an area. A High Court decision regarding Elon Moreh then banned this sequester of private Palestinian land for settlements. Subsequently, however expropriations continued, to build numerous bypass roads to settlements, with security needs cited, and this was endorsed by the Israeli court as legitimate. According to a 2019 study by Dror Etkes, military seizure orders, based on military and security requirements, have resulted in the expropriation of over 100,000 dunams (25,000 acres) of Palestinian land. 40% of such temporary requisitions have then been turned over to settlements. Down to 1977, 28% of the ruling Labour Government's orders were used for settlement, while after the Likud party's victory, from 1977-1979, the figure ran to 73%.
Employment of the Ottoman Law Code of 1858
Israel's solution adopted in the wake of this legal precedent, which might have thwarted further settlement, was to cite the Ottoman Land Law of 1858 to justify the seizure of 40% of the West Bank on the grounds that the terrain was "state land". Israel's justification here was posited on its interpretations of articles 43 and 55 of the 1907 Hague Regulations and a 1967 order to possess and manage at the military commander's discretion "enemy property," namely Jordan's. (Jordan had annexed the West Bank in 1950, which Israel captured from Jordan in 1967). The first seizure took over 13% of the West Bank, and then the possession of lands in Ottoman law which the Israeli authorities identified as certain varieties of miri and mawat land, which altogether amounted to 26% of the West Bank. This ensured a huge reserve for future settlement. In seeking legal redress for such expropriations, the burden of proof lay on Palestinian plaintiffs. Palestinians in practice had often avoided registering their property under the Ottomans, preferring their local collective ownership system (musha'a), thus evading Ottoman taxes and army drafts. Even if the burden of proof of ownership is met, the appeal may be denied if the Israeli custodian had in the meantime transferred the land to a settlement.
The precise extent of Islamic Waqf lands – Islamic property held in sacred trust for religious purposes – in 1967 is unknown but in 1992 Michael Dumper calculated West Bank waqf properties extended over 600,000 dunams. By 2013 the Israeli occupation authorities were estimated to have expropriated more than 104,996 dunams of waqf holdings, mostly around Jericho. Israel seized, by declaring it state land, even non-arable hilltop land used by pastoralists. The lands of the village of Umm al-Khair were expropriated in this way.
Absentee Property
Palestinian property owned but abandoned before, during, or after the 1967 war is administered by the Custodian for Abandoned Property- its trustee, on behalf of the IDF, until the owner returns. In practice repatriation of absentee owners is generally prohibited. Even if an appellant can prove he owns this land, and is resident in the West Bank, he cannot retake possession if in the meantime the Custodian has allowed it to be settled, as in the case of Beit Horon. In the Burqan case, where the plaintiff Mohammad Burqan's legal title to his former house in the Jewish Quarter was recognized, the Israeli Supreme Court rejected his request to be allowed to return to his home on the grounds that the area it was located in had "special historical significance" for Jews.
Expropriation for Public Needs
Jordanian law required intended appropriations of property to be gazetted to allow land owners 15 days to appeal. Israel adopted part of this law dealing with urgent expropriations for the public weal, modifying the general thrust by cancelling the provision regarding prior notification which remained in effect for 12 years. Any appeal, in Jordanian law under the jurisdiction of a local court, was to be made before the Israeli military commander. On appeal, Israel then was obliged to notify, but did so only to the local mukhtar, not to the person(s) affected. This, with the exception of Ma'ale Adumim, has been used to expropriate land for the road network servicing settlements, which Israel justified by claiming in court they also serviced local Palestinian needs. Of 40,000 dunams redefined for allocation to 45 settlements, in one study of 73 seizure orders, less than half (43%) is actually used for built-up areas or in settlement agriculture. The remaining 57% percent, technically Palestinian land under temporary requisition for military purposes, stands empty. Since a court judgement in 1989, seized land must bear an expiration date for the appropriation. On expiry, new orders are issued to enable extensions.
Acquisition of Land on the Free Market
Military order no.25 placed severe restrictions on land sales in the West Bank and for a decade only the Jewish National Fund engaged in purchases. It is forbidden under Palestinian law and custom to sell land to Jews, a fact which entailed creating a variety of methods to transfer property without the sale being visible for long periods. Thereafter, changes in the law introduced by Likud created hundreds of cases of fraudulent sales, – with numerous Palestinians finding the land they worked apparently sold only when they observed tractors at work on the properties – a practice formally stopped in 1985.
1967 to recent times
In the wake of the 1967 war, especially under the Likud governments (1977-1984), apart from expropriation, land requisitioning, zoning regulations and some purchases, Israel introduced legal definitions of what was to be regarded as "public" and what "private" land in the conquered territories.
With Military Order Number 59 issued on 31 July 1967 the Israeli commander asserted that therein state land would be whatever land had belonged to the enemy (Jordan) or its judicial bodies. Sweeping restrictions were imposed requiring military authorization for any land transactions. Rather than assuming the task of being the custodian of that property until the occupation ended, Israel chose to transfer the use of unregistered land to Jewish settlers, and on that basis, from 1967 to 1984 the Israeli government requisitioned an estimated 5,500,000 dunams, or roughly half of the total area of the West Bank, setting aside much of the land for military training and camping areas. By defining such areas as "state land" its use by Palestinians was precluded. The first wave of land confiscations outside Jerusalem's walls began in January 1968, when 3,800 dunums of private Palestinian land were expropriated for Kalandia industrial park and to enable the building of 6,000 apartments in the areas of French Hill and Ramat Eshkol. By 1983 the expropriation was calculated to extend over 52% of the territory, most of its prime agricultural land and, just before the 1993 Oslo Accords, these confiscations had encompassed over three quarters of the West Bank.
Many of these early expropriations took place over private Palestinian land. This led to a complaint over a settlement at Elon Moreh, and the Supreme Court ruled such practices were forbidden except for military purposes, civilians only being permitted on what Israel defined as "state land". This ruling actually enhanced the settlement project since anywhere Israelis settled automatically became a security zone requiring the military to guarantee their safety. One technique used in the Jordan Valley to gain more land is via the declaration of "firing zone[s]" (35% of the area) which require residents working the land to evacuate temporarily. From January 2013 to 2017, 140 orders were issued to have communities leave their homes, with their flocks, sometimes in mid-winter. In addition water tankers, pipelines for spring water, solar panels and farm machinery are confiscated causing upheavals in their local economy and persistent insecurity about their future. The Israeli settlements occupy no more than 0.0041% of the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea but the land allocated for their future use as municipal areas is 28 times greater, covering 11.8% of the total area.
Ariel was initially built on 462 hectares originally seized for security reasons. On the three successive occasions when security fences have been raised, they have incorporated hundreds of dunams of private Palestinian agricultural property. Land where pastoralists from Marda used to graze 10,000 animals were taken, leaving the village with land that can barely carry 100 head of livestock. Likewise at Tel Rumeida in 2015, a military closure guaranteed settlers free passage while Palestinians are denied access to visit those residents who remain. Another technique used was to offer a Palestinian proprietor a temporary swap, in which he leased his land for 3 years in exchange for a lease on absentee-owned land in the hands of the Israeli custodian. Such leases were not renewed after expiry, but, as with the case of Mehola, the Palestinian property leased became a permanent Israeli asset, while the absentee property offered in exchange technically could revert to its original owners if they returned (from Jordan) leaving the original Palestinian party to the contract landless. One innovative technique in 1999 came from settlers complaining of poor cellphone reception. They pointed out a nearby hill, which they had unsuccessfully tried to colonize earlier, as an appropriate site for antennae. It was a biblical site, moreover, they claimed, though excavations only yielded Byzantine ruins. The IDF declared the antennae would pose a security issue, and then expropriated the site from its owners, the villagers of Burqa and Ein Yabrud, who grazed sheep and cultivated figs and grapes there. Settlers then moved in and established the illegal outpost of Migron.
Using the Ottoman law code regarding miri lands (only 4% of the land north of Beersheva), which held that if were not worked for 3 consecutive years without a lawful excuse they reverted to the state, Israel dispossessed, by declaring it state land, even non-arable hilltop land used by pastoralists. The lands of the village of Umm al-Khair were expropriated in this way. In the Burqan case, where the plaintiff Mohammad Burqan's legal title to his former house in the Jewish Quarter was recognized, the Israeli Supreme Court rejected his request to be allowed to return to his home on the grounds that the area it was located in had "special historical significance" for Jews.
The precise extent of Islamic Waqf lands – Islamic property held in sacred trust for religious purposes – in 1967 is unknown but in 1992 Michael Dumper calculated West Bank waqf properties extended over 600,000 dunams. By 2013 the Israeli occupation authorities were estimated to have expropriated more than 104,996 dunams of waqf holdings, mostly around Jericho.
Legal redress
Legal redress for expropriated land exists, but the process can prove lengthy, and financially and mentally exhausting for villagers. Israeli human rights activists who try to encourage harassed Palestinians to resist expropriation, such as David Dean Shulman, rabbi Arik Ascherman, Amiel Vardi and Ezra Nawi have often been beaten up by settlers who regard them as "Nazis". Nawi himself has been imprisoned.
Notes
Citations
Sources
1967 establishments in Israel
1967 in military history
June 1967 events in Asia
Israeli occupation of the West Bank
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
West Bank
Six-Day War
West Bank |
Worthy Book is a Malaysian coupon-book brand held by Worthy Media. It is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Worthy Book was released in September 2010 by Han Jia and Ken Kho. The voucher booklet offers discounts, perks on dining, entertainment, health, beauty services, and retail. Worthy Book is now serving a growing number of over 250 merchant brands in Malaysia. Some examples are Kenny Rogers, Guardian, The Body Shop, Zalora, SOTHYS, Sushi Tei, myTeksi and many more.
Its focus on corporate social responsibility from its initial stage has also received praise from non-governmental organizations such as National Kidney Foundation in Malaysia, SPCA Malaysia and AIESEC.
Since its incorporation, the story of Worthy Book has attracted media coverage such as BFM 89.9, the Sun (Malaysia), the Malay Mail, Bernama TV, The Star (Malaysia) and others.
History
Worthy Book was released by Han Jia and Ken Kho in September 2010.
Han Jia is an Oxford University alumnus with a Masters of Engineering, Economics, and Management. Prior to the co-founding of Worthy Book, Han Jia had internships with various organizations such as Deloitte, Buro Happold, and Oxfordshire County Council.
Jia's achievement with Worthy Book won him a place in Prestige Top 40 under 40.
Alongside Han Jia is his brother and co-founder Ken Kho. Ken is a graduate from Imperial College London with a Masters in Engineering, Civil Engineering.
Ken served as Marketing & Communications Manager for 5 years at a leading Asia Pacific IT conglomerate, governing a re-seller network of over 400 across Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei, Singapore, and China before leaving his corporate job and founded Worthy Book with his brother Han Jia.
Office and team
Worthy Book's office is located at 3rd Mile Square, Old Klang Road, Kuala Lumpur.
The team boasts a number of employees.
Nowadays, their coupon book can be found on the shelves of bookstores in Klang Valley such as Borders, Books Kinokuniya, MPH, Times Bookstore, Mynews.com and Popular. Worthy Book also distributes their voucher booklets via their online store, consumers can order the booklets, which will be delivered to them via Pos Laju.
In March 2015, Worthy Book partnered with 7-Eleven and started distributing their voucher booklets.
Business
Its business model is similar to that of magazines whereby merchants pay for advertisement and readers pay for subscription.
The book is designed as a cross between a shopping directory guide, write-up reviews, and coupon offers. Each merchant brand is typically given a page of introductory description (price range, outlet addresses, editorial tips, “3 Must-Try” bestseller recommendations, and so on) along with a page of 4 or 5 offer coupons.
One of its key selling points to merchants is that unlike other print media, whose readers may only care to browse through the advertisements once, their readers see clients’ advertisements throughout the year in order to redeem the deals. Furthermore, their coupons are categorized according to malls for customers’ convenience.
In addition, Worthy Book allows for long-term marketing to garner supporters while online coupons bank on short-term marketing to gain a rise in sales. The coupons in Worthy Book are mostly valid for one year while online coupons will normally expire in three months.
From 2012 onwards, the team behind Worthy Book decided to produce dedicated versions of the voucher booklet publication series for targeted niche audiences such as F&B edition and Ladies edition. Its 2013 Ladies Edition received favorable rating by on Yahoo! News.
See also
Coupon
Voucher
References
2010 establishments in Malaysia
Companies based in Kuala Lumpur
Malaysian companies established in 2010
Sales promotion
Marketing companies
Malaysian brands |
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Goring, both in the Baronetage of England. The second creation came into the family through a special remainder in the patent creating the baronetcy. Only the latter creation is extant as of 2008.
The Goring Baronetcy, of Burton in the County of (West) Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of England on 14 May 1622 for William Goring, subsequently Member of Parliament for Sussex. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1724.
The Bowyer, later Goring Baronetcy, of Highden in the County of Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of England on 18 May 1678 for Sir James Bowyer, 3rd Baronet, of Leighthorne (see Bowyer baronets), with remainder to Henry Goring and with the precedence of 23 July 1627, the date when the Bowyer Baronetcy of Leighthorne was created. Bowyer had prior to the second creation surrendered the original patent. On Bowyer's death in 1680 the Bowyer Baronetcy became extinct while he was succeeded in the 1678 creation according to the special remainder by Henry Goring, the second Baronet. He sat as Member of Parliament for Sussex and Steyning. The fourth Baronet represented Horsham and Steyning in the House of Commons and was created Viscount Goring and Baron Bullinghel in the Jacobite Peerage in 1722. The sixth and eighth Baronets both sat as Members of Parliament for New Shoreham. The seventh Baronet was High Sheriff of Sussex in 1827. Charles Goring, second son of the fifth Baronet, was member of Parliament for New Shoreham.
The Goring family is of great antiquity in Sussex. A John Goring represented Sussex in Parliament in 1467 while George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, was a member of another branch of the family (see Earl of Norwich).
Goring baronets, of Burton (1622)
Sir William Goring, 1st Baronet (died 1658)
Sir Henry Goring, 2nd Baronet (–1671)
Sir William Goring, 3rd Baronet (c. 1659 – 29 February 1724)
Goring baronets, of Highden (1627/1678)
Sir James Bowyer, 3rd and 1st Baronet (died 1680)
Sir Henry Goring, 2nd Baronet (1622–1702)
Henry Goring (1647–1687), only son of Sir Henry Goring, 2nd Baronet.
Sir Charles Goring, 3rd Baronet (c. 1668–1714)
Sir Henry Goring, 4th Baronet (1679–1731)
Sir Charles Mathew Goring, 5th Baronet (1706–1769)
Sir Harry Goring, 6th Baronet (1739–1824)
Sir Charles Foster Goring, 7th Baronet (1768–1844)
Sir Harry Dent Goring, 8th Baronet (1801–1859)
Sir Charles Goring, 9th Baronet (1828–1884)
Sir Craven Charles Goring, 10th Baronet (1841–1897)
Sir Harry Yelverton Goring, 11th Baronet (1840–1911)
Sir Forster Gurney Goring, 12th Baronet (1876–1956)
Sir William Burton Nigel Goring, 13th Baronet (born 1933)
The heir presumptive is the present baronet's fourth cousin once removed Richard Harry Goring (born 1949), who is a third-great-grandson of the fifth baronet through his younger son Charles. He has a son, Richard John (born 1978), who has a son, Finlay Dominic (born 2008).
Further reading
Pedigree of Goring, Bannerman, W. Bruce, ed. (1905). The Visitations of the County of Sussex made and taken in the years 1530 by Thomas Benolte, Clarenceux King of Arms; and 1633-4 by John Philipot, Somerset Herald, and George Owen, York Herald, for Sir John Burroughs, Garter, and Sir Richard St George, Clarenceux. Harleian Society, 1st ser. 53. London, pp. 45–6
Notes
References
Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
Goring
1622 establishments in England
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England
Baronetcies created with special remainders |
The Economic History of Zimbabwe began with the transition to majority rule in 1980 and Britain's ceremonial granting of independence. The new government under Prime Minister Robert Mugabe promoted socialism, partially relying on international aid. The new regime inherited one of the most structurally developed economies and effective state systems in Africa. In 2000, the government imposed a land reform program to seize white-owned farms which caused the economy to shrink along with mismanagement, corruption and political instability.
Pre-colonial rule
The economic activities of Bantu states in the region largely reflected the resources of the area and the economic traditions of the inhabitants. For example, the economic power of the Rozwi Empire was based on cattle wealth and farming, with significant gold mining. They established trade with Arab traders, in which materials such as gold, copper, slaves, and ivory were exchanged for luxury goods.
Under company, British and minority rule
White immigration to the Company realm was initially modest, but intensified during the 1900s and early 1910s, particularly south of the Zambezi. The economic slump in the Cape following the Second Boer War motivated many white South Africans to move to Southern Rhodesia, and from about 1907 the company's land settlement programme encouraged more immigrants to stay for good. The Southern Rhodesian mining and farming industries advanced considerably during this period; Southern Rhodesia's annual gold output grew in worth from £610,389 in 1901 to £2,526,007 in 1908. The territory first balanced revenue and expenditure in 1912.
Economically, Southern Rhodesia developed an economy that was narrowly based on production of a few primary products, notably, chrome and tobacco. It was therefore vulnerable to the economic cycle. The deep recession of the 1930s gave way to a post-war boom. This boom prompted the immigration of about 200,000 whites between 1945 and 1970, taking the white population up to 307,000. A large number of these immigrants were of British working-class origin, with others coming from the Belgian Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, and later Angola and Mozambique. They established a relatively balanced economy, transforming what was once a primary producer dependent on backwoods farming into an industrial giant which spawned a strong manufacturing sector, iron and steel industries, and modern mining ventures. These economic successes owed little to foreign aid.
The economy of the state of Rhodesia sustained international sanctions for a decade following the declaration of its independence, a resistance which waned as more southern African states declared independence and majority rule as well as the destruction of the Rhodesian Bush War.
1980s
Initially the government followed a corporatist model with government management of the economy.
The government propagated a whole range of new economic policies, introducing a minimum wage and virtually eliminating the right to fire workers. Total spending on education nearly tripled (from Z$227.6 million to Z$628.0 million), as did government spending on healthcare (from Z$66.4 million to Z$188.6 million), between 1979 and 1990. Expenditure on public-sector employment rose by 60%, and on the civil service by 12% per annum over the course of the 1980s. Central government expenditure tripled and increased its share from 32.5 percent of GDP in 1979 to 44.6% in 1989. Interest rates were artificially capped.
The consequences during this time were rather mixed. Economic inequality within the population decreased and provision of education and healthcare became more widespread. During the 1980s GDP per capita increased by 11.5%. During the same time period the US had a 38% increase in GDP per capita. Thus the relative poverty of the country rose in relation to the United States during this period. There was an exodus of white Zimbabweans, skilled workers during this period.
There were several reasons for middling to low performance of the economy. Protection sustained existing high cost companies, but discouraged exports by raising the costs of inputs to exporters, leading to a critical shortage of the foreign exchange needed to acquire imported technology. Foreign companies were not allowed to remit dividends, and new foreign investment was actively discouraged. The need to get permission and licenses for new investment and the dismissal of individual workers imposed heavy time and transaction costs. Repressed interest rates discouraged saving and the state's high propensity to borrow reduced the supply of capital to all but favoured borrowers, and also stoked inflation. The regime did not encourage, and even suppressed, the development of independent new African businesses because of the threat they were thought to offer to ZANU's political monopoly.
Public spending skyrocketed, particularly in the areas of civil service employment, spending on social services, drought relief, and subsidies for government owned companies. This in turn generated a chronic budget deficit, a high tax regime, and a rapid increase in public debt – all of which created a drag on the economy. Private investment was crowded out by shortages of credit stemming from the fiscal deficit, high taxes and the shortages of foreign exchange. The overall effects of these constraints favoured existing capital-intensive producers, biasing the economy against areas labour-intensive activities. Compounding the problem, all companies were effectively discouraged from employing new workers because of controls over wages and employment.
This had two politically significant consequences. First, it suppressed the emergence of a genuinely entrepreneurial African business class and reduced the political support of those that did make their way despite these problems. Second, it turned unemployment into a major threat to the legitimacy of the regime, especially in urban areas. In real terms, wages declined over the decade.
1990s
By the end of the 1980s there was increasing agreement amongst government elites that new economic policies needed to be implemented for the long-term survival of the regime. The new policy regime designed by the government and its advisers set out to encourage job-creating growth by transferring control over prices from the state to the market, improving access to foreign exchange, reducing administrative controls over investment and employment decisions, and by reducing the fiscal deficit. It had wide local support and was introduced before economic problems had gone out of control. A 40 percent devaluation of the Zimbabwean dollar was allowed to occur and price and wage controls were removed.
The austerity plan in Zimbabwe was followed by economic problems of increased severity. Growth, employment, wages, and social service spending contracted sharply, inflation was not reduced, the deficit remained well above target, and many industrial firms, notably in textiles and footwear, closed in response to increased competition and high real interest rates. The incidence of poverty in the country increased during this time. On the positive side, capital formation and the percentage of exports in GDP increased and urban–rural inequality fell.
The new policies were undermined by extremely unfavorable conditions. Drought reduced agricultural output, exports, public revenue, and demand for local manufacturing. Growth during three drought-affected years (1992, 1993, and 1995) averaged 2.6 percent; during three good years (1991, 1994, and 1996) it was 6.5 percent. The new ANC regime in South Africa cancelled its trade agreement with Zimbabwe at this time and subjected its exports to punitive tariffs, just as Zimbabwe reduced its own, contributing significantly to deindustrialisation.
The government's failure to bring the fiscal deficit under control undermined the effectiveness of those elements in the program that were followed through. This led to growth in public borrowing, sharp increases in interest rates, and upward pressure on the exchange rate just as local firms were exposed to intensified foreign competition. Many firms failed, many others were forced to restructure, and new investment was discouraged in both the formal and increasingly important informal sector. The limited cuts that were made concentrated on the social services and led to serious reductions in the quality of health and education.
The government's austerity plan coupled with a relatively weak and highly protected economy came far too quickly. Uncompetitive industries were eliminated and overmanning was reduced, but in such a sudden and disruptive manner as to cause economic chaos. Similar problems occurred in certain Eastern European countries after the collapse of Communism. The government's management of its transition to capitalism was much better. The public reaction to the disaster only further undermined the economy perpetuating a vicious cycle. By the mid-1990s, there were signs of improvement. However, the patience of both the government and the people was exhausted, and a new direction was taken.
In 1998 Mugabe's intervention in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)—purportedly to protect his personal investments—resulted in suspension of international economic aid for Zimbabwe. This suspension of aid and the millions of dollars spent to intervene in the war further weakened Zimbabwe's already troubled economy.
In part through its control of the media, the huge parastatal sector of the economy, and the security forces, the government managed to keep organised political opposition to a minimum through most of the 1990s.
Indigenization debate
By 1990 there were increasing demands for greater native African participation in ownership of the economy on the basis of continuing racial inequalities in the post-colonial economy. For example, by 1991, 50% of the population received less than 15% of total annual incomes and about 15% of total consumption, while the richest three percent of the population received 30% of total incomes and were responsible for 30% of total consumption. The government-controlled economy of the 1980s tried to redistribute wealth to the black majority while emphasising racial harmony. With the increasing economic problems at the end of the 1990s and the reforms of the 1990s, new complaints were heard about the unequal racial distribution of wealth. For the ruling party, there was also a political imperative as the emergence in the late 1980s of opposition parties such as the Zimbabwe Unity Movement and the Forum Party had demonstrated the potential for political opposition from disconcerted sections of the African middle class. This emphasis on redistribution of wealth from whites to blacks was a policy that the government began to directly pursue in the mid-1990s.
2000–present
Zimbabwe's economy has shrunk since 2000, in an atmosphere of political turmoil, capital flight, corruption and mismanagement. Inflation has spiralled out of control (peaking at 500 billion % in 2009) and the underpinnings of the economy in agriculture and industry have been dissipated. Due to the state of the formal economy, many Zimbabweans have begun working in the informal economy. Because of this, it is estimated that by 2009 unemployment was nearer 10% than the official 90%.
See also
Economy of Africa
Economy of Zimbabwe
History of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean dollar
Further reading
Victor Muchineripi Gwande. 2022. Manufacturing in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1890-1979. Cambridge University Press.
Doro, Elijah (2023). Plunder for Profit: A Socio-Environmental History of Tobacco Farming in Southern Rhodesia and Zimbabwe. Cambridge University Press.
References
Works cited |
Caryn Bentley (born 19 September 1974) is a South African former field hockey player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
South African female field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for South Africa
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics |
Quitmaniceras is a genus of small, compressed, fairly evolute ammonites from the lower Turonian of Grant County, New Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas, included in the subfamily Acanthoceratinae. The shell has a carinate venter in juveniles and one that is arched in adults, usually with a raised siphonal line,(siphonal referring to the marginal siphuncle). Ribs are very weak to moderately strong, flexious, typically sloping forward toward the rim, bending further forward at the outer shoulder.
Distribution
Fossils of Quitmaniceras have been found in Colombia (Loma Gorda Formation, Aipe, Huila), Mexico and the United States (Arizona and Texas).
References
Bibliography
Further reading
W.A. Cobban, S.C. Hook & W.J.Kennedy, 1989. Upper Cretaceous rocks and ammonite faunas of southwestern New Mexico, Memoir 45, New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources
Acanthoceratidae
Ammonitida genera
Cretaceous ammonites
Ammonites of North America
Cretaceous Mexico
Cretaceous United States
Ammonites of South America
Cretaceous Colombia |
The Lamar Boulevard Bridge is a historic arch bridge carrying Texas State Highway Loop 343 (Lamar Boulevard) over Lady Bird Lake in downtown Austin, Texas, United States. The bridge features six open-spandrel concrete arches spanning and carries tens of thousands of vehicles daily across the lake. Completed in 1942, the Lamar Boulevard Bridge was the second permanent bridge to cross the Colorado River (after the Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge), and one of the last Art Deco-style open-spandrel concrete arch bridges built in Texas. The bridge was named an Austin Landmark in 1993 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
History
In the late 1930s, Austin had greatly outgrown its original town plan on the north bank of the Colorado River. In 1939, the city planned a new major north–south thoroughfare to run to the west of the Texas State Capitol and connect the city's western housing developments. This new street, eventually named Lamar Boulevard, would roughly parallel the course of Shoal Creek, reaching the river's edge near the creek's mouth. On the south bank, the boulevard would continue onward to join what was then Texas State Highway 20, leading to Fredericksburg, Texas. As the city began building the boulevard, the Texas Highway Department (now the Texas Department of Transportation) was charged with designing and building a bridge to carry Highway 20 across the river.
Construction began on March 27, 1941, and the bridge was completed and opened to traffic on July 15, 1942, at a total cost of $303,900 (). At that time, the bridge was left without street lights, perhaps because of material shortages relating to World War II; these were later added in 1955. The construction of Longhorn Dam in 1960 transformed the river beneath the bridge into Town Lake (now known as Lady Bird Lake), raising the water level to just below the bottoms of the arches. The view of the Texas State Capitol from the bridge became one of the Capitol View Corridors protected under state and local law from obstruction by tall buildings in 1983.
On July 7, 1994, the bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its architectural significance and its continuing importance to Austin's transportation infrastructure. Today, the bridge still carries Lamar Boulevard (now designated part of Texas State Highway Loop 343) across the Colorado and supports substantial pedestrian and vehicular traffic daily; a 2011 study by the Downtown Austin Alliance asserted that the bridge now experiences more than twice the traffic volume it was designed for.
Addition of parallel pedestrian bridge
The bridge was built with no dedicated bicycle lanes and with narrow sidewalks separated from the street only by low curbs. In the 1990s, the site became notorious for road accidents involving cyclists and pedestrians. The City of Austin explored possibilities for widening the bridge to add space for non-automotive traffic, but the Texas Historical Commission opposed these proposals out of a desire to preserve the bridge's historic design. This conflict eventually led in 2001 to the construction of the James D. Pfluger Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge, situated to the east of the Lamar bridge.
Design
The Lamar Boulevard Bridge is an open-spandrel deck arch bridge made of poured-in-place reinforced concrete. It crosses the Colorado River with six identical spans, supported by five concrete piers on the river bed and by concrete abutments at the ends. The deck carries four roadway lanes, flanked by a sidewalk and metal balustrade on either side. The piers (originally visible, but now largely submerged) and pedestrian guardrails show Art Deco details, such as vertical fluting, which indicate the period of the bridge's construction.
The piers stand on spread-footing foundations resting on limestone bedrock. Each span rests on two parallel concrete segmental-arch ribs, each wide and thick, rising to a clearance of above the springline. A series of slender vertical columns rises through the open spandrels to support smaller longitudinal arches and transverse floor beams immediately beneath the deck. The floor beams cantilever roughly beyond the piers and columns to support the sidewalks and balustrades.
The pedestrian guardrails on the approaches to the bridge are solid concrete panels, while those along the deck take the form of tubular steel railings, linked by vertical steel bars and supported by concrete columns. Eight of these columns rise from each deck span, punctuated by taller, heavier columns above the piers, which are built to support street lights.
See also
List of crossings of the Colorado River
National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
References
External links
National Register of Historic Places in Austin, Texas
Bridges completed in 1942
Bridges in Austin, Texas
City of Austin Historic Landmarks
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
1942 establishments in Texas
Bridges over the Colorado River (Texas)
Concrete bridges in the United States
Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in the United States |
Voice over Frame Relay (VoFR) is a protocol to transfer voice over Frame Relay networks. VoFR uses two sub-protocols, FRF.11 and FRF.12. FRF.11 defines the frame format of VoFR, and FRF.12 is used for packet fragmentation and reassembly.
References
Telephone services
Network protocols
Digital audio
Frame Relay |
Kuala Lumpur Rovers Football Club, or simply known as the KL Rovers FC, is a Malaysian professional football club based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The team plays in the second division in Malaysian football, the Malaysia M3 League.
Players
First-team squad
Season by season record
Notes: Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Club personnel
Team manager: Shahrir Mois
Head coach: Wan Mustafa Wan Ismail
Assistant coach: Haswanis Che Hassan
Goalkeeping coach: Khairul Nizam Taib
Fitness coach: Hafizi Salim
Physio: Fadli Kamarulzaman
Media officer: Raja Munawir Raja Baharuddin
Kitman: Rizal Abdul Manan
Honours
League
Domestic competitions
League
M3 League'
Runners-up (2): 2022 & 2023
References
Malaysia M3 League
Football clubs in Malaysia |
Sanare may refer to:
Sanare, Burkina Faso, a village in Bam Province, Burkina Faso
Sanare, Venezuela, a city in Lara state, Venezuela
See also
Sanar (disambiguation) |
2537 Gilmore, provisional designation , is a Eunomia asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 September 1951, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. It was named after New Zealand astronomer couple Alan C. Gilmore and Pamela M. Kilmartin
Orbit and classification
Gilmore is a member of the Eunomia family, a large group of S-type asteroids and the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,581 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, the body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1951.
Physical characteristics
Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gilmore measures 7.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.309, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 and calculates a diameter of 6.7 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.19.
Rotation period
From January to February 2014, two rotational lightcurves of Gilmore were obtained from photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory, California. The lightcurves gave a rotation period of and hours with a brightness variation of 0.34 and 0.35 in magnitude, respectively ().
Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of New Zealand astronomer couple Alan C. Gilmore and his wife, Pamela (née Kilmartin), two very productive observers of comets and minor planet in the Southern Hemisphere. They research at the Mount John University Observatory since 1980, and are members of the Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand.
The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 July 1983 (), based on a proposal by Conrad Bardwell (see 1615 Bardwell) and Brian G. Marsden. Pamela Gilmore is also honored by the minor planet 3907 Kilmartin.
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
002537
Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth
Named minor planets
19510904 |
For the Love of Ada is an ITV sitcom that ran between 1970 and 1971. Although not seen on British TV for over 30 years, the complete series began airing again in late 2018 (and again in 2020, 2021 and 2023) on Talking Pictures TV, albeit edited with certain offensive words muted out. One of the notable points about this series was there were no opening titles or closing credits in the real sense of the word. Instead both were superimposed on the screen as the 'live' action and script played out on the screen.
Outline
The sitcom stars Irene Handl as Ada Cresswell, a Cockney widow, a pensioner who is prone to malapropisms. She lives with her daughter Ruth Pollitt (Barbara Mitchell) and son-in-law Leslie (Jack Smethurst). Ada starts a relationship with Walter Bingley (Wilfred Pickles), the gravedigger who buried her husband, after meeting him at the cemetery while laying flowers on her husband's grave. Walter is a Yorkshireman; his relationship with Ada slowly changes from one of companionship to one of romance. They get engaged, and later marry, after which they move in together at his cemetery lodge abode.
Cast
Main
Irene Handl as Ada Cresswell (later Bingley)
Wilfred Pickles as Walter Bingley
Barbara Mitchell as Ruth Pollitt (née Cresswell)
Jack Smethurst as Leslie Pollitt
Recurring
Robert Keegan as Jack Pollitt, Leslie's father
Mollie Sugden as Nellie Pollitt, Leslie's mother
Malcolm Rogers as the Vicar
Cecily Hullett as Freda Skinner
Gabrielle Daye as Mrs Armitage
Charles Lamb as Arthur Parsons
Anna Turner as Maggie Bingley
Patsy Rowlands as Pauline Whitehead
Meadows White as Fred Carter
Bert Palmer as Fred Bingley
Ann Way as Florrie Bingley
Ann Beach as Alice Bingley
Gerard Hely as Albert Bingley
Daphne Heard as the nosey neighbour
Transmission dates
Series One
(6 x 25 mins) 20 Apr-25 May 1970 – Mon mostly 9.30pm
Series Two
(7 x 25 mins) 14 Sep-26 Oct 1970 – Mon 9.30pm
Short special Part of the All-Star Comedy Carnival 25 Dec 1970 – Fri 6pm
Series Three
(7 x 25 mins) 15 Mar-3 May 1971 – Mon 8.30pm
Series Four
(6 x 25 mins) 26 Aug-30 Sep 1971 – Thu 9pm
Christmas special
(38 mins) Boxing Day (27 Dec 1971) – Sun 6.45pm
The entire series was re-broadcast in 2020, 2021 and 2023 by Talking Pictures TV.
Film version
A film version, based on the series, was released in 1972. It was directed by Ronnie Baxter and featured the same principal cast, along with an appearance by Arthur English as a colleague of Walter. The plot revolves around a surprise party being planned for Ada and Walter's first wedding anniversary.
American version
For the Love of Ada spawned an American remake called A Touch of Grace that premiered on ABC in January 1973. This version starred Shirley Booth and J. Pat O'Malley as Grace Simpson and Herbert Morrison, who like their English counterparts fall in love. The American version faced very tough competition from All In The Family and drew low ratings, resulting in its cancellation in April 1973 after 13 episodes, but ABC ran reruns of the show in prime time until June 1973.
See also
List of films based on British television series
DVD release
All four series of For the Love of Ada were released between 2009 and 2012.
1970 British television series debuts
1971 British television series endings
ITV sitcoms
Television shows adapted into films
1970s British sitcoms
Television shows produced by Thames Television
English-language television shows
Television shows shot at Teddington Studios |
The 2021-22 season is Port's 5th consecutive seasons in top flight after promoted back from Thai League 2 in 2017. Also, as Port finished 2nd in the first half of 2020-21 Thai League 1, they are qualified to the group stage of 2021 AFC Champions League. In this season, Port participates in 4 competitions which consisted of the Thai League, FA Cup, League Cup, and AFC Champions League.
The season was supposed to start on 31 July 2021 and concluded on 21 May 2022. Then, due to the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic is still severe, FA Thailand decided to postpone the season to start on 13 August 2021 instead. However, as it stands on 23 July 2021, the COVID-19's situation is getting even worse. Therefore, FA Thailand decided to postpone the opening day for the second time to start on 3 September 2021.
Squad
Transfer
Pre-season transfer
In
Loan In
Out
Return from loan
Loan Out
Mid-season transfer
In
Loan In
Out
Return from loan
Loan Out
Competitions
Overview
Thai League 1
League table
Results summary
Results by matchday
Matches
Thai FA Cup
Matches
Thai League Cup
Matches
AFC Champions League
Group table
Matches
Team statistics
Appearances and goals
Overall summary
Season summary
Score overview
Notes
References
POR
2021–22 |
The Digital Q1 was a FUJIFILM digital camera model announced in 2003.
Its expected street price was listed at around £100.
Features
The Digital Q1 is a compact 2 megapixel digital camera described as a budget beginners camera. The camera has 3 resolutions, plus a function to record compressed, low-resolution video (AVI format). It can be used as a webcam via the USB port. The DIGITAL Q1 is a low-cost, beginners model – only date and time need to be set. A 16 Mbyte xD card is included. The camera includes a battery-backed clock, allowing time and date to be included in the Exif record, which also includes shutter times. There are menu options to adjust brightness (and other) parameters, with little effect – the firmware aligns to a medium result.
1/2" CMOS sensor
4x digital zoom
ISO 100, 200
Built in flash
Red-eye reduction
Focal length = 46mm on a 35mm camera
1.5" colour LCD screen
Focus: 120 cm to infinity
Macro focus: approx. 60 to 120 cm
File format: JPEG, AVI
Memory: 8MB internal, optional xD-Picture Card
USB output and cable
Batteries: 2 x AA alkaline
Neck strap
Reception
Computer Active criticized the lack of optical zoom and plastic body, and rated the camera 3 out of 5 stars, saying: "As a fun snapper for holidays, nights out, or maybe as a first camera for the kids, it has plenty going for it. Serious photo fans should keep shopping."
Weblinks
References
External links
News story and press release on DPReview website
Fujifilm digital cameras
Point-and-shoot cameras |
```sqlpl
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_constant_index;
CREATE TABLE t_constant_index
(
id UInt64,
INDEX t_constant_index 'foo' TYPE set(2) GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = MergeTree
ORDER BY id; -- { serverError INCORRECT_QUERY }
CREATE TABLE t_constant_index
(
id UInt64,
INDEX t_constant_index id + rand() TYPE set(2) GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = MergeTree
ORDER BY id; -- { serverError BAD_ARGUMENTS }
CREATE TABLE t_constant_index
(
id UInt64,
INDEX t_constant_index id * 2 TYPE set(2) GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = MergeTree
ORDER BY id;
DROP TABLE t_constant_index;
``` |
Lydian is an extinct Indo-European Anatolian language spoken in the region of Lydia, in western Anatolia (now in Turkey). The language is attested in graffiti and in coin legends from the late 8th century or the early 7th century to the 3rd century BCE, but well-preserved inscriptions of significant length are so far limited to the 5th century and the 4th century BCE, during the period of Persian domination. Thus, Lydian texts are effectively contemporaneous with those in Lycian.
Strabo mentions that around his time (1st century BCE), the Lydian language was no longer spoken in Lydia proper but was still being spoken among the multicultural population of Kibyra (now Gölhisar) in southwestern Anatolia, by the descendants of the Lydian colonists, who had founded the city.
Text corpus and decipherment
In 1916 the Sardis bilingual inscription, a bilingual inscription in Aramaic and Lydian allowed Enno Littmann to decipher the Lydian language. From an analysis of the two parallel texts, he identified the alphabetic signs, most of them correctly, established a basic vocabulary, attempted translation of a dozen unilingual texts, gave an outline of Lydian grammar, and even recognized peculiar poetical characteristics in several texts. Eight years later William Hepburn Buckler presented a collection of 51 inscriptions then known. The 109 inscriptions known by 1986 have been treated comprehensively by Roberto Gusmani; new texts keep being found from time to time.
All but a few of the extant Lydian texts have been found in or near Sardis, the Lydian capital, but fewer than 30 of the inscriptions consist of more than a few words or are reasonably complete. Most of the inscriptions are on marble or stone and are sepulchral in content, but several are decrees of one sort or another, and some half-dozen texts seem to be in verse, with a stress-based meter and vowel assonance at the end of the line. Tomb inscriptions include many epitaphs, which typically begin with the words 𐤤𐤮 𐤥𐤠𐤫𐤠𐤮 es wãnas ("this grave"). The short texts are mostly graffiti, coin legends, seals, potter's marks, and the like. The language of the Ionian Greek poet Hipponax (sixth century BCE, born at Ephesus) is interspersed with Lydian words, many of them from popular slang.
Classification
Within the Anatolian group, Lydian occupies a unique and problematic position. One reason is the still very limited evidence and understanding of the language. Another reason is a number of features that are not shared with any other Anatolian language. It is still not known whether those differences represent developments peculiar to pre-Lydian or the retention in Lydian of archaic features that were lost in the other Anatolian languages. Until more satisfactory knowledge becomes available, the status of Lydian within Anatolian remains a "special" one.
Writing system
The Lydian script, which is strictly alphabetic, consists of 26 signs:
The script is related to or derived from that of Greek as well as its western Anatolian neighbours, the exact relationship still remaining unclear. The direction of writing in the older texts is either from left to right or right to left. Later texts show exclusively the latter. Use of word-dividers is variable. The texts were found chiefly at the ancient capital of Sardis and include decrees and epitaphs, some of which were composed in verse; most were written during the 5th century and the 4th century BCE, but a few may have been created as early as the 7th century.
Phonology
Vowels
Lydian has seven vowels: 𐤠 a, 𐤤 e, 𐤦 i, 𐤬 o, 𐤰 u, 𐤵 ã, and 𐤶 ẽ, the last two being nasal vowels, typically before a (synchronic or diachronic) nasal consonant (like n, ñ or m). The vowels e, o, ã, and ẽ occur only when accented. A vowel or glide 𐤧 y appears rarely, only in the oldest inscriptions, and probably indicates an allophone of i or e that is perhaps unstressed.
Lydian is notable for its extensive consonant clusters, which resulted from the loss of word-final short vowels, together with massive syncope; there may have been an unwritten [ə] in such sequences.
Consonants
(Note: until recently the Buckler (1924) transliteration scheme was often used, which may lead to confusion. This older system wrote v, ν, s, and ś, instead of today's w (𐤥), ñ (𐤸), š (𐤳), and s (𐤮). The modern system renders the sibilants more naturally and prevents confusion between v (= w 𐤥) and the Greek nu symbol ν (= ñ 𐤸).)
Voicing was likely not distinctive in Lydian. However /p t k/ are voiced before nasals and apparently before /r/. The palatal affricate (τ) and sibilant (š) may have been palato-alveolar.
It has now been argued that the laterals l and λ are actually flaps.
The sign 𐤣 has traditionally been transliterated d and interpreted as an interdental /ð/ resulting from the sound change *i̯ > ð or the lenition of Proto-Anatolian *t. However, it has recently been argued that in all contexts d in fact represents the palatal glide /j/, previously considered absent from Lydian. An interdental /ð/ would stand as the only interdental sound in Lydian phonology, whereas a palatal interpretation of d is complemented by a full series of other palatal consonants: λ, š, ñ, and τ.
Lydian, with its many palatal and nasal sounds, must have sounded quite strange to the ears of ancient Greeks, and transcription of Lydian names into Greek would therefore present some difficulties. Recently a case has been made that the Lydian word Qλdãns, pronounced /kʷɾʲ'ðãns/, both meaning 'king' and the name of a god, could correspond to the Greek Κροῖσος, or Croesus, the last Lydian king, whose kingdom was conquered by the Persians. If the identification is correct it would have the interesting historical consequence that king Croesus was not saved from being burnt at the stake, as Herodotus tells us, but chose suicide and was subsequently deified.
Stress
Heiner Eichner developed rules to determine which syllable in a word has the stress accent. In short, the rules are:
Syllables with vowel -ã-, -ẽ-, -e-, -o-, -aa-, and -ii- always have stress. Syllables with -i- (-y-), -a- or -u- may be accented or unaccented.
Enclitics (-añ-, -in-, -it-, etc.) never have stress.
Prefixes, even those with a long vowel (ẽn-, ẽt-), do not have stress.
An -a- before a nasal (m, n, ñ) never has stress.
In consonant clusters syllabic liquidae (l, λ, r), nasals (m, n, ñ) and sibilants (s, š) do not have stress.
Within a declension or conjugation stress does not move from one syllable to another.
A useful application of those rules is the investigation of metres in Lydian poetry.
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns and adjectives distinguish singular and plural forms. Words in the texts are predominantly singular. Plural forms are scarce, and a dual has not been found in Lydian. There are two genders: animate (or 'common') and inanimate (or 'neuter'). Only three cases are securely attested: nominative, accusative, and dative-locative. A genitive case seems to be present in the plural, but in the singular usually a so-called possessive is used instead, which is similar to the Luwic languages: a suffix -li is added to the root of a substantive, and thus an adjective is formed that is declined in turn. However, recently it has been defended that a form ending in -l, formerly thought to be an "endingless" variant of the possessive, was indeed a genitive singular. Of an ablative case there are only a few uncertain examples.
Nouns, adjectives, and pronomina are all declined according to a similar paradigm:
Substantives
Examples of substantives:
Adjectives
Examples of adjectives:
Pronomina
Examples of pronomina:
Verbs
Just as in other Anatolian languages verbs in Lydian were conjugated in the present-future and preterite tenses with three persons singular and plural. Imperative or gerundive forms have not been found yet. Singular forms are often hard to distinguish from plural forms in the third person present active (both ending in -t/-d): the plural form seems to be in principle nasalized, but this could not always be expressed in the writing.
Lydian distinguished a mediopassive voice with the third-person singular ending -t(a)λ or -daλ (derived from Proto-Anatolian *-tori; -t(a)λ after consonant stems and part of the stems ending in a vowel, -daλ when lenited after other stems ending in a vowel or glide).
About a dozen conjugations can be distinguished, on the basis of (1) the verbal root ending (a-stems, consonant stems, -ši-stems, etc.), and (2) the endings of the third person singular being either unlenited (-t; -tλ, -taλ) or lenited (-d; -dλ, -daλ). For example, šarpta-(t) (to inscribe, to carve) is an unlenited a-stem (šarptat, he inscribes), qaλmλa-(d) (to be king) is a lenited a-stem (qaλmλad, he rules). Differences between the various conjugations are minor.
Many Lydian verbs are composite, using prefixes such as ẽn- (= 'in-'?), ẽt- (= 'into-'), fa-/f- ('then, subsequently, again'?), šaw-, and kat-/kaτ- (= 'down-'?), and suffixes like -ãn-/-ẽn- (durative?), -no-/-ño- (causative?), -ši- (iterative?), and -ki- or -ti- (denominative?); their meaning is often difficult to determine.
Examples of verbal conjugation:
Particles
To emphasize where an important next part of a sentence begins, Lydian uses a series of enclitic particles that can be affixed to a pivotal word. Examples of such "emphatic" enclitics are -in-, -it-/-iτ-, -t-/-τ-, -at-, and -m-/-um-. When stacked and combined with other suffixes (such as pronomina, or the suffix -k = 'and') veritable clusters are formed. The word ak = 'so..., so if...' provides many examples:
akτin (= ak-τ-in) - 'so...', 'so if...', 'yea, if...'
akmsin (= ak-m-s-in) - 'so if he...' (-s- = 'he'), or (= ak-ms-in) - 'so if to them...' (-ms- = 'to them')
akmλt (= ak-m-λ-t) - 'so if to him...' (-λ- = 'to him'); etc.
Syntax
The basic word order is subject-object-verb, but constituents may be extraposed to the right of the verb. Like other Anatolian languages, Lydian features clause-initial particles with enclitic pronouns attached in a chain. It also has a number of preverbs and at least one postposition. Modifiers of a noun normally precede it.
Sample text and vocabulary
The Lydian bilingual
In May 1912 American excavators at the Sardis necropolis discovered a bilingual inscription in Lydian and Aramaic. Being among the first texts found, it provided a limited equivalent of the Rosetta Stone and permitted a first understanding of the Lydian language.
The first line of the Lydian text has been destroyed, but can be reconstructed from its Aramaic counterpart.
Vocabulary
Examples of words in the bilingual:
𐤬𐤭𐤠 – ora – month; cf. Greek ὥρα (season, year, moment), Latin hora (hour), English hour
𐤩𐤠𐤲𐤭𐤦𐤳𐤠 – laqriša – wall, walls (traditional translation); letters, inscription (?)
𐤡𐤦𐤭𐤠 – pira – house; cf. Hitt. pēr/parn- 'house'
𐤲𐤦𐤭𐤠 – qira – field, ground, immovable property
𐤨 – -k (suffix) – and; cf. Greek τε, Latin -que = and
Other words with Indo-European roots and with modern cognates:
𐤲𐤦𐤳 – qiš – who; cf. Greek τίς, Latin quis, French qui
𐤡𐤭𐤠𐤱𐤭𐤮 – prafrs – community, brotherhood; cf. Latin frater, English brother, French frère
𐤹𐤦𐤥𐤳 – ciwš – god; cf. Greek Ζεύς, Latin deus, French dieu (god)
𐤠𐤷𐤠𐤮 – aλas – other; cf. Greek ἄλλος (other; is an element in words such as allogamy, allomorph, allopathy, allotropy), Latin alius (other), alter (another, the other one, second), French autre
Only a small fraction of the Lydian vocabulary is clearly of Indo-European stock. Gusmani provides lists of words that have been linked to Hittite, various other Indo-European languages, and Etruscan.
Lydian words still in use
Labrys (Greek: λάβρυς, lábrys) is the term for a symmetrical double-bitted axe originally from Crete in Greece, one of the oldest symbols of Greek civilization. The priests at Delphi in classical Greece were called Labryades (the men of the double axe).
The term labrys "double-axe" is not found in any surviving Lydian inscription, but on the subject, Plutarch states that "the Lydians call the axe labrys" (Λυδοὶ γὰρ ‘λάβρυν’ τὸν πέλεκυν ὀνομάζουσι).
Another possibly Lydian loanword may be tyrant "absolute ruler", which was first used in Ancient Greek sources, without negative connotations, for the late 8th century or early 7th century BCE. It is possibly derived from the native town of King Gyges of Lydia, founder of the Mermnad dynasty, which was Tyrrha in classical antiquity and is now Tire, Turkey. Yet another is the element molybdenum, borrowed from Ancient Greek , "lead", from Mycenaean Greek mo-ri-wo-do, which in Lydian was mariwda- "dark".
All of those loanwords confirm a strong cultural interaction between the Lydians and the Greeks since the Creto-Mycenaean era (2nd millennium BCE).
Lydian poetry
In his seminal decipherment of Lydian texts Littmann noted that at least five of them show two poetical aspects:
First, assonance: all lines have the same vocal (o, or a, or i) in the last syllable. One of the longest inscriptions, 19 lines, has in each line an o in the last syllable. Littmann sensationally labeled these assonances "the earliest rhyme in the history of human literature", though the word 'rhyme' is slightly misleading because the consonants in the last syllables do vary (... factot / ... tasok / ... arktoλ, etc.).
Secondly, the poetic texts apparently show a metre: lines have twelve (sometimes eleven or ten) syllables with a caesura before the fifth or sixth syllable from the end. The twelve-syllable lines often sound like anapestic tetrameters.
Also, partly in order to achieve assonance and metre ("metri causa"), in poetic texts word order is more free than in prose.
Martin West, after comparing historical metres in various Indo-European languages, concluded that the Lydian metres seem to be compatible with reconstructed common Proto-Indo-European metres. The Lydians probably borrowed these metres from the Greeks; however, the assonance was a unique innovation of their own.
Only one text shows mixed character: a poetical middle part is sandwiched in between a prose introduction and a prose conclusion. Analogous to the bilingual text the introduction tells who built the monument (a certain Karos), and for whom (both his son and his ancestors), while the final sentence of the original inscription may be the usual curse for those who would dare to damage it. The poetic middle part seems to claim that the monument was built after consulting a divine oracle, cited between Lydian "quotation marks" ▷...▷, and continues with an appeal to pay as much respect to the builder as to the venerable forefathers.
It is remarkable that clear examples of rhyme (like the stock expression aaraλ piraλ-k, 'house and yard', cf. German 'Haus und Hof') and alliteration (kλidaλ kofuλ-k qiraλ qelλ-k, 'land and water, property and estate') are absent in the poetical texts, but do occur in the prose bilingual.
See also
Lydian script
References
Sources
External links
Lydian Corpus
Palaeolexicon - Word study tool of Ancient languages, including a Lydian dictionary
The Grammar of the Lydian Language by Cyril Babaev (Retrieved 2021-02-01)
The Archaeological Exploration of Sardis (Sardis Expedition Project) (Retrieved 2021-02-13)
Further reading
Lydian language
Anatolian languages
Extinct languages of Asia
Languages attested from the 8th century BC |
Minna Rosita Nystedt (born 11 October 1967) is a Norwegian speed skater, born in Levanger. She competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.
She won four Norwegian single distance championships, and placed second in the all-round national championships in 1987, 1988, 1990 and 1992.
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Levanger
Norwegian female speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for Norway
Speed skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics |
The militia portalis (), also known as peasant militia, was the first institution that secured the peasants' permanent participation in the defence of the Kingdom of Hungary. It was established when the Diet of Hungary obliged all landowners to equip one archer for 20 peasant plots on their estates to serve in the royal army in 1397. The unprofessional soldiers were to serve in the militia only during the emergency period.
References
Sources
Military units and formations of Hungary |
```css
Position elements with `position: sticky`
Horizontal centering fluid blocks
Fixed navigation bar
Inherit `box-sizing`
Avoid margin hacks with `flexbox`
``` |
Rosario Enrique Cota Carrazco (born 12 September 1995) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a left-back.
References
External links
Living people
1995 births
Mexican men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Liga MX players
Liga Premier de México players
Cruz Azul footballers
Club Universidad Nacional footballers
Footballers from Sinaloa
Footballers from Culiacán
Cruz Azul Hidalgo footballers |
Carlos Eduardo "Preto" Casagrande (born 7 May 1975 in Cascavel) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played at both club and international levels as a defensive midfielder.
Honours
Player
Vitória
Campeonato Baiano: 1997, 1999
Copa do Nordeste: 1997, 1999
Bahia
Campeonato Baiano: 2001
Copa do Nordeste: 2001, 2002
Santos
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2004
Fluminense
Campeonato Carioca: 2005
References
Sportspeople from Cascavel
1975 births
Living people
Brazilian football managers
Brazilian men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A managers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazil men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
CR Vasco da Gama players
Olaria Atlético Clube players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
Vitória S.C. players
Esporte Clube Bahia players
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Santos FC players
Fluminense FC players
Fortaleza Esporte Clube players
Volta Redonda FC players
Esporte Clube Bahia managers
Footballers from Paraná (state) |
The Berar Subah was one of the Subahs (imperial first-level provinces) of the Mughal Empire, the first to be added to the original twelve, in Dakhin (Deccan, central India) from 1596 to 1724. It bordered Golconda, Ahmandagar (both conquered 1601), Kandesh and Malwa subahs as well as the independent and tributary chiefdoms to the east.
Origin of name
According to the Ain-i-Akbari, the original name of Berar was Waradatat (the banks of Varada River).
History
Before the Mughal occupation, Berar was part of the Nizam Shahi sultanate of Ahmadnagar. It was ceded to the emperor Akbar by Chand Bibi in 1596, unable to stand against the imperial forces led by prince Murad. After this initial victory Prince Murad settled in Berar with Balapur as his headquarters. Near Balapur he founded a new city named Shahpur and constructed a beautiful palace for himself. As his relationship was deteriorating with Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, the commander of the army, Akbar recalled Khan-i-Khanan and sent his trusted friend Abul Fazl to help him. Murad died in 1598. After his death, Prince Daniel was given the charge as governor of Berar, Ahmadnagar and Khandesh, Khan-i- Khanan was sent along with Daniel. Akbar died in 1605.
In 1611, the southern provinces of Ahmadnagar, Berar and Khandesh defied Mughal sovereignty under Malik Ambar. Jahangir sent Man Singh and others to crush the revolt.
Man Singh died a natural death on 6 July 1614 at Ellichpur. During Jahangir’s rule, Malik Ambar till his death in 1626 recovered a substantial part of the Deccan from the Mughals including Berar. In 1628, the first year of reign of Shah Jahan, Berar again came under the Mughal sway.
In 1636, the Mughal possessions in Dakhin (Deccan) were divided into 4 Subahs. Berar was one of them with Ellichpur as its capital and Gavilgad as its main fort. Aurangzeb was appointed viceroy of four Deccan Subahs for the first time and he occupied the post for eight years (till 1644). He was again appointed viceroy for the second time in 1653 and he remained in that post till 1657. During Aurangzeb's reign, Berar was successively overrun by the Maratha rulers Shambhaji in 1680 and Rajaram in 1698. In 1720, Maratha Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath obtained the grant of the right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi from Berar from the Mughal emperor.
In 1724, when Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah declared independence, the existence of Berar as a Mughal Subah came to an end. It became (though nominally) a part of Nizam's state.
Administrative divisions
Berar came under Mughal administration in 1596. Todar Mal's famous system known as bandobast was made applicable to the Berar Subah.
The area of the Berar Subah during Akbar's reign was 72,000 sq. miles. According to Ain-i-Akbari, its northern limit was Handia, the eastern limit was the fort of Vairagad near Bastar, the southern limit was Telangana and the western limit was Mahkarabad. Ellichpur was the capital of the Subah. The important forts of the Subah were Gawilgad, Narnala, Pavanar, Khedala, Manikdurg and Mahur. It was divided into 13 sarkars consisting of 242 parganas.
The sarkars and parganas of the Berar Subah (province) were:
Economy
The jama (revenue assessed) from Berar in 1596 was 64,26,03,270 dams (Delhi). Land revenue formed the major part of the total income from the Subah. Other sources of income were zakat, customs, salt tax, khums, mint, currency, jizya, escheats, presents, octroi, tolls and tributes. The coins current were tanka-i-Barari, dam and Rupee. One tanka-i-Barari was equal to 16 Delhi dams (but later raised to 24 dams) or eight Delhi tankas.
See also
Berar Sultanate (pre-Mughal)
Berar Province (after, British colonial)
Notes
References
Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). Ain-i-Akbari Vol. II (tr. H.S. Jarrett, rev. J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society
Mughal subahs
Berar |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project Sdk="MSBuild.Sdk.Extras">
<!-- Project properties -->
<PropertyGroup>
<DefineConstants>$(DefineConstants);IONICONS</DefineConstants>
<IconsName>Ionicons</IconsName>
<AssemblyName>MahApps.Metro.IconPacks.Ionicons</AssemblyName>
<Title>MahApps.Metro.IconPacks.Ionicons</Title>
<RootNamespace>MahApps.Metro.IconPacks</RootNamespace>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\MahApps.Metro.IconPacks.Core\MahApps.Metro.IconPacks.Core.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Remove="Resources\*.*" />
<EmbeddedResource Include="Resources\*.*" />
</ItemGroup>
<!-- WPF Items include -->
<ItemGroup Condition="'$(_SdkShortFrameworkIdentifier)' != 'uap'">
<None Remove="**\*.rd.xml" />
<Compile Remove="Path*.*" />
<Page Generator="MSBuild:Compile" Include="Themes\WPF\*.xaml" Link="Themes\%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)" SubType="Designer" Exclude="**\bin\**\*.xaml;**\obj\**\*.xaml" />
</ItemGroup>
<!-- UWP Items include -->
<ItemGroup Condition="'$(_SdkShortFrameworkIdentifier)' == 'uap'">
<Compile Remove="*Image*.cs;*Cursor*.cs" />
<Compile Remove="Themes\**\*.*" />
<EmbeddedResource Include="Properties\$(AssemblyName).rd.xml" />
<Page Generator="MSBuild:Compile" Include="Themes\UAP\*.xaml" Link="Themes\%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)" SubType="Designer" Exclude="**\bin\**\*.xaml;**\obj\**\*.xaml" />
<Compile DependentUpon="%(Filename)" Update="**\*.xaml.cs" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
``` |
```java
package mabeijianxi.camera;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import com.yixia.videoeditor.adapter.UtilityAdapter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import mabeijianxi.camera.util.DeviceUtils;
import mabeijianxi.camera.util.Log;
/**
* SDK
*/
public class VCamera {
/** */
private static String mPackageName;
/** */
private static String mAppVersionName;
/** */
private static int mAppVersionCode;
/** */
private static String mVideoCachePath;
/** SDK */
public final static String VCAMERA_SDK_VERSION = "1.2.0";
/** FFMPEGlog */
public final static String FFMPEG_LOG_FILENAME = "ffmpeg.log";
/** FFMPEG */
public final static String FFMPEG_LOG_FILENAME_TEMP = "temp_ffmpeg.log";
/**
* SDK
*
* @param context
*/
public static void initialize(Context context) {
mPackageName = context.getPackageName();
mAppVersionName = getVerName(context);
mAppVersionCode = getVerCode(context);
//
UtilityAdapter.FFmpegInit(context, String.format("versionName=%s&versionCode=%d&sdkVersion=%s&android=%s&device=%s", mAppVersionName, mAppVersionCode, VCAMERA_SDK_VERSION, DeviceUtils.getReleaseVersion(), DeviceUtils.getDeviceModel()));
}
/**
*
* @param context
* @return
*/
public static int getVerCode(Context context) {
int verCode = -1;
try {
verCode = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0).versionCode;
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
}
return verCode;
}
/** */
public static String getVerName(Context context) {
try {
return context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0).versionName;
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
}
return "";
}
// /** */
// public static void uploadErrorLog() {
// LogHelper.upload();
// }
/** log */
public static boolean isLog() {
return Log.getIsLog();
}
public static String getPackageName() {
return mPackageName;
}
/** Debuglog */
public static void setDebugMode(boolean enable) {
Log.setLog(enable);
}
/** */
public static String getVideoCachePath() {
return mVideoCachePath;
}
/** */
public static void setVideoCachePath(String path) {
File file = new File(path);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.mkdirs();
}
mVideoCachePath = path;
//
File temp = new File(VCamera.getVideoCachePath(), VCamera.FFMPEG_LOG_FILENAME_TEMP);
if (!temp.exists()) {
try {
temp.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/** log */
protected static boolean copyFFmpegLog(String cmd) {
boolean result = false;
int size = 1 * 1024;
FileInputStream in = null;
FileOutputStream out = null;
try {
File temp = new File(VCamera.getVideoCachePath(), VCamera.FFMPEG_LOG_FILENAME_TEMP);
if (!temp.exists()) {
temp.createNewFile();
return false;
}
in = new FileInputStream(temp);
out = new FileOutputStream(new File(VCamera.getVideoCachePath(), VCamera.FFMPEG_LOG_FILENAME), true);
out.write("--------------------------------------------------\r\n".getBytes());
out.write(cmd.getBytes());
out.write("\r\n\r\n".getBytes());
byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
int bytesRead = -1;
while ((bytesRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
out.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
out.flush();
result = true;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.e("upload", e);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("upload", e);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("upload", e);
} finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
try {
if (out != null) {
out.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
return result;
}
}
``` |
The men's 100 metres event at the 2002 Asian Athletics Championships was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 9–10 August.
Medalists
Results
Heats
Semifinals
Final
Wind: +3.1 m/s
References
2002 Asian Athletics Championships
100 metres at the Asian Athletics Championships |
The Very Best of the Human League may refer to:
The Very Best of the Human League (1998 album)
The Very Best of the Human League (2003 album)
The Very Best of the Human League (DVD) |
William Gould Young (July 30, 1902 – July 5, 1980) was an American physical organic chemist and professor at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). He served as vice chancellor at UCLA for 13 years, was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. The chemistry building at UCLA bears his name.
Education
Young was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and attended Colorado College, graduating with a BA in 1924 and a master's degree in 1925. He worked with H.A. Spoehr at the Carnegie Institution for Science before enrolling at the California Institute of Technology to pursue his doctorate in physical organic chemistry under the direction of Howard J. Lucas. Young served as a National Research Council postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University for one year, before joining the faculty at UCLA, where he would remain for his entire career (through 1970).
Career
Research
Young's research interests centered on molecular rearrangements of allyl groups, including higher-order allyl groups such as crotyl, prenyl, and various allyl organometallic reagents. In a series of over 30 subsequent publications, Young examined rate constants, substitution preference, stereochemistry, and alternate reaction sites of allyl transfers. He also collaborated with student groups to develop glassware and lab tools, for instance the ubiquitous glass helices found in fractionation columns used to separate isomeric volatiles.
Perhaps Young's longest legacy – apart from his 130 research publications – was serving as the doctoral advisor to chemist and nuclear magnetic resonance pioneer John D. Roberts.
Administration
Young was appointed dean of physical sciences at UCLA in 1948, serving in this capacity until 1957. He was named vice chancellor for Planning from 1957 until his retirement in 1970.
Pedagogy
Young was revered as a master educator and mentor. He devoted his entire Priestley Medal address to issues of chemical education, given increasing pressures from post-World War II research enterprise expansion, increased student enrollment in the sciences, and the rapid adoption of newer analytical instrumentation – NMR, mass spectrometry, HPLC, infrared spectroscopy, among others – into undergraduate curricula. He pointed out the inherent paradox in his "crossroads" analogy: as technology enabled deeper study of quantitative chemical data, it also called for reducing hours spent in chemistry so candidates could broaden their study into related fields such as botany, zoology, or molecular biology.
Personal life
At 24, Bill Young married Helen Graybeal; they would remain married until his death in 1980. Their interests, according to Young's memorial, included golf, travel, and UCLA athletics games.
Awards and honors
1970 – Renaming of UCLA chemistry building as "Young Hall"
1968 – Priestley Medal, American Chemical Society
1964 – UCLA Distinguished Service Medal
1962 – George C. Pimentel Chemical Education Award, ACS
1961 – Tolman Medal, Southern California section of the ACS
1951 – First faculty member at UCLA elected to the National Academy of Sciences
1949 – Chair of the Division of Organic Chemistry, ACS
According to the memorial written to Young by his colleagues on the UCLA Chemistry oral history, he received honorary degrees [LLD or DS] from Colorado College, University of Colorado Boulder, University of the Pacific (United States), and UCLA.
References
1902 births
1980 deaths
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
20th-century American chemists
Organic chemists
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
Colorado College alumni
American physical chemists |
In the Gaza Strip and West Bank, the local LGBT community faces a precarious situation due to the general lack of civil rights legislation aimed at tackling discrimination. However, there is also a significant legal divide between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, with the former having more progressive laws and the latter having more conservative laws. Shortly after the Jordanian annexation of the West Bank in 1950, same-sex acts were decriminalized across the territory with the adoption of the Jordanian Penal Code of 1951. In the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip, however, no such initiative was implemented. Since 2007, the Gaza Strip has been ruled by Hamas, and sexual activity between men is illegal due to Hamas' enforcement of Islamic law. Currently, the Hamas government punishes all men who are convicted of having engaged in homosexual acts with up to 10 years in prison.
Criminal law and civil rights
In the State of Palestine, there is no specific, stand-alone civil rights legislation that protects LGBT people from discrimination or harassment. While hundreds of queer Palestinians are reported to have fled to Israel because of the hostility they face in Palestine, they have also been subject to house arrest or deportation from Israel by Israeli authorities on account of the in-applicability of the law of asylum to areas or nations in which Israel is in conflict.
According to a 2010 compendium of laws against homosexuality produced by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and Intersex Association (ILGA), the decriminalization of homosexuality in Palestine is patchwork. On the one hand, same-sex acts were decriminalized in the Jordanian-controlled West Bank in 1951 and remain so to this day. On the other hand, in the Gaza Strip, under the jurisdiction of Hamas, forbids same-sex acts between men. This is due to their interpretation of Islamic law. According to Amnesty International's 2020 report on Palestine, "Section 152 of the Penal Code in Gaza criminalizes [male] consensual same-sex sexual activity and makes it punishable by up to 10 years' imprisonment." Palestine has no civil rights laws that protect LGBT people from discrimination nor harassment.
The Palestinian Authority has not legislated either for or against homosexuality. "On the legal level, the President of the Palestinian Authority issued his first decision on 20 May 1994 which provided that legislation and laws that were effective before 5 June 1967 in the West Bank and Gaza Strip would remain effective" – and, in line with almost all other Palestinian laws, the confused legal legacy of foreign occupation – Ottoman, British, Jordanian, Egyptian and Israeli – continues to determine the erratic application or non-application of the criminal law to same-sex activity and gender variance in each of the territories.
In 2013, a gay Palestinian man told reporters that "local Palestinian Authority police are aware and keep files on him and other homosexuals, blackmailing them into working as spies and informants." He reported stories "of guys being called at random and told to come into [Palestinian Authority] police stations, with threats their families would be told about their sexuality if they didn't show up."
The same report noted that Israeli intelligence offered another gay Palestinian man free entry into Israel on an ongoing basis to visit his Israeli boyfriend if he provided "the names of the organizers, the religious people in the villages and names of children throwing stones at Israeli military jeeps." The report noted that Mossad had been tracking his location through his cell phone. The man did not cooperate despite fear that the Israelis would reveal his sexuality to his family and community, who would reject him. It is not reported if anything subsequently was disclosed.
In February 2016, the armed wing of Palestinian militant group Hamas (classified as a terrorist organization by the United Kingdom, the EU, Canada, Israel, Japan and the United States) which rules Gaza executed Mahmoud Ishtiwi – one of the group's leading commanders – under allegations of gay sex and theft. Ishtiwi left two wives and three children.
In August 2019, the Palestinian Authority announced that LGBT groups were forbidden to meet in the West Bank on the grounds that they are "harmful to the higher values and ideals of Palestinian society". This was in response to a planned conference in Nablus by Al-Qaws, a Palestinian LGBT group. The ban was later withdrawn by the end of the month following backlash.
Marriage and family
Gay Palestinians frequently seek refuge in Israel fearing for their lives, especially fearing death from members of their own families. "According to lawyer Shaul Gannon, from the Israeli LGBT organization The Aguda – Israel's LGBT Task Force, around 2,000 Palestinian homosexuals live in Tel Aviv at any one time."
Media and cultural references
Several Israeli films and or television programs have dealt with the issue of LGBT Palestinians, often having relationships with LGBT Israelis. However, none of these films have been directed by LGBT Palestinians.
Hide and Seek (1980) - An Israeli drama film addressing themes of homosexuality between an Israeli Jew and a Palestinian Arab; the film is set in Mandatory Palestine in 1946.
Drifting (1983) – An Israeli film dealing with LGBT themes features two Palestinian men, among the many people that the hero meets and interacts with while looking for love.
The Bubble (Ha-Buah) (2007) – Two gay men, an Israeli and a Palestinian, face prejudice and other challenges while they date each other in Tel Aviv.
Zero Degrees of Separation – Explores the challenges facing same-sex couples in Israel when one of the partners is Palestinian or Arab.
Out in the Dark (2012) – A romance between two gay men, an Israeli and a Palestinian. They put as much effort as they can to stay together, regardless of the law.
The Invisible Men (2012) – From Israeli filmmaker Yariv Mozer, an informative documentary on the struggles of what it means to be gay in Palestine. It follows the lives of men who escaped because of their sexuality. Now hiding in Tel Aviv, they must face another set of challenges.
HIV/AIDS
A Palestinian National AIDS/HIV Health program was established in 1998. Dr. Ezzat Gouda is the current doctor focusing on sexually transmitted diseases for the Palestinian Ministry of Health. Reports claim that very few people have become infected since 1987, and those people who are infected face prejudice and shortages of medicine.
In 2003, a report from the Palestinian Health Minister made some references to the infections, under "communicable diseases".
Activism
In the early 2000s, two established groups formed to provide support to lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) Palestinian people living within the borders of Israel, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Al Qaws ("The bow" in Arabic, referencing a rainbow), the first official Palestinian LGBTQ organization, was founded in 2001 as a community project of the Jerusalem Open House for Pride and Tolerance to specifically address the needs of LGBTQ Palestinian people living in Jerusalem. Al-Qaws has expanded since its founding and now hosts social activities in Jerusalem, Haifa, Jaffa and the West Bank as an arena of support for members of the LGBTQ Palestinian community. Al Qaws also hosts a telephone support line.
In 2002, a second group formed to specifically address the needs of Palestinian lesbian women; Aswat ("Voices" in Arabic) was founded as a project of the Palestinian Feminist NGO Kayan, at the Haifa Feminist Center. Aswat started as an anonymous email-list serving to provide support to Palestinian gay women, and has developed into an established working group that hosts monthly meetings for its approximately 60 members, and organizes lectures, events, and educational opportunities. Aswat translates and publishes original texts related to sexuality and gender identity previously unavailable in the Arabic language, and hosts the largest collection of Arabic-language texts related to homosexuality on its website. Aswat's efforts face challenges, and a fatwa was issued against co-founder Rauda Morcos.
In 2010, the organization Palestinian Queers for Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (PQBDS) was formed, aimed at challenging Israeli representation of gay life in Palestine and pinkwashing. They also run a website called Pinkwatching Israel.
In 2015, a Palestinian artist named Khaled Jarrar painted a rainbow flag on a section of a West Bank wall, and a group of Palestinians painted over it. Jarrar said that he painted the rainbow flag to remind people that although same-sex marriage was legalized in the United States, Palestinians still live in occupation. Jarrar criticized the paint-over, stating that it "reflects the absence of tolerance, and freedoms in the Palestinian society".
Palestinian state police enforce moral codes of conduct, and the level of police brutality against LGBTQ people is immense. Much of that entails different levels of harassment, ranging from the obstruction of events to violence against its members. Examples include the shut down of organizational events. In August 2019, the Palestinian Authority banned LGBTQ community organizations from operating in the West Bank in response to a planned Al Qaws event. The ban was withdrawn by the end of the month following backlash.
The LGBTQ rights movement can be a cause of dissension, as it raises questions of what freedom really means for the Palestinian people. It closely ties to the ongoing matters of the occupation of Palestine; many activists, like Maisan Hamdan, believe that once liberation is achieved for the land, this will not necessarily be followed with freedom for the LGBTQ people of Palestine.
Summary table
See also
Human rights in the State of Palestine
LGBT rights in Israel
LGBT rights in the Middle East
LGBT rights in Asia
References
External links
Asylumlaw.org: Sexual Minorities & HIV Status (Palestine) – various information packets used for asylum purposes
Call to Boycott World Pride in Jerusalem 2006
Human rights in the State of Palestine
Palestine
Palestine
Palestine
LGBT in Palestine |
The Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve is a nature reserve in Santa Barbara County California managed by The Nature Conservancy. The land is host to a variety of wildlife species, as it touches two major terrestrial and two major marine biomes. Animals from both southern and northern California mix territories in this area.
Location
The preserve is in south-west Santa Barbara County, California, with of along the Gaviota Coast and . It is adjacent to protected marine areas. The land touches the south and east sides of Jalama Beach County Park.
History
The preserve was created in 2017 by a donation from Jack and Laura Dangermond. The $165 million donation to The Nature Conservancy to secure the land was the largest the organization has ever received.
The reserve was included in the Prescribed Fire Training Exchange (TREX) held November 12-19, 2022 with a controlled fire by firefighters to clear away dead undergrowth and other debris. The training on how to safely conduct prescribed burns, seminars on local fire ecology, and tribal burning included Santa Barbara County Fire Department, employees of the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, The Nature Conservancy, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vandenberg Space Force Base, scientists, ranchers, students, researchers, and land managers.
See also
California montane chaparral and woodlands
Flora of the Transverse Ranges
List of beaches in California
List of California state parks
References
External links
Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve Maps
Nature reserves in California
2017 establishments in California
Nature Conservancy preserves
Protected areas of Santa Barbara County, California
Protected areas established in 2017 |
Lodderia iota is a minute sea snail or micromollusc, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Skeneidae.
Description
The height of the shell attains 0.55 mm, its diameter 0.65 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.
References
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Spencer, H.G.; Marshall, B.A.; Maxwell, P.A.; Grant-Mackie, J.A.; Stilwell, J.D.; Willan, R.C.; Campbell, H.J.; Crampton, J.S.; Henderson, R.A.; Bradshaw, M.A.; Waterhouse, J.B.; Pojeta, J. Jr (2009). Phylum Mollusca: chitons, clams, tusk shells, snails, squids, and kin, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 161–254
iota
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1940 |
Mike Middleton (born December 4, 1969) is a former professional American football safety in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (84th overall) of the 1993 NFL Draft. He played college football at Indiana University.
Early years
Middleton attended Western Hills High School, where he played as a running back and linebacker. In his senior season, he posted 1,620 rushing yards and 20 touchdowns, including a 250-yard, 6-touchdown game against Walnut Hills.
He received All-conference and All-southwest Ohio honors. In his last 2 years he registered 2,742 yards and 35 touchdowns. He also practiced track and field.
College career
Middleton accepted a football scholarship from Indiana University with the plan of being the eventual successor at running back to Anthony Thompson. A chronic injury to his right ankle that he suffered in the Ohio All-Star game, forced the team to redshirt him in his first season.
As a freshman, because of his size and athletic ability, the coaching staff wanted to find a way to get him on the field and converted him into a cornerback, although his body type was considered heavy for the position. As the starter at left cornerback he made 59 tackles (fourth on the team), 5 tackles for loss, 2 sacks, one interception and one pass defensed.
As a sophomore, he experienced a muscle spasm in the walls of his heart and missed 2 games. He finished the season with a career-high 65 tackles, 6 tackles for loss, 4 passes defensed and one interception. In the season opener he returned an interception 22-yards for a touchdown against the University of Kentucky. He had a career-high 15 tackles against Michigan State University. He also added 8 kickoffs returns for 169 yards (21.1-yard average). As a junior, he had 63 tackles (fourth on the team), 4 tackles for loss and 7 passes defensed (tied for the team lead).
In his last year, he was diagnosed with mononucleosis, which forced him to miss the first 2 games. He still was able to post 58 tackles (fourth on the team), 3 tackles for loss, 3 passes defensed and one forced fumble. He put together a string of double-digit tackle performances over the final three games of the season. He also practiced track and field as a senior.
He was a four-year starter, making 42 starts in 46 games, 245 tackles (18 for loss), 3 sacks, 15 passes defensed, 2 interceptions and one forced fumble.
Professional career
Dallas Cowboys
Middleton was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (84th overall) of the 1993 NFL Draft to play safety. He was released before the season started on August 23.
Miami Dolphins
On December 1993, he was added to the Miami Dolphins practice squad. He was signed for the 1994 training camp, but was released before the season started on April 25.
Barcelona Dragons (WLAF)
In 1995, he signed with the Barcelona Dragons of the World League of American Football. He was placed on the injured reserve list on May 11. In 1996, he returned as the starter at strong safety.
Orlando Predators (AFL)
On July 10, 1996, he signed with the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League to play wide receiver/defensive back. On May 27, 1997, he was traded to the New York CityHawks along with the rights for John Bock in exchange for Curtis Cotton.
New York CityHawks (AFL)
In 1997, he signed with the New York CityHawks. He was waived on July 23.
Augusta Stallions (AF2)
In March 2000, he signed to play for the Augusta Stallions at fullback/linebacker in the inaugural AF2 season. On May 12, 2000, he was placed on the injured reserve list after tearing a ligament in his ankle.
Personal life
Middleton became an assistant football coach at Winton Woods High School, helping the school win its first state championship in 2009.
References
External links
Indiana's Middleton Counts His Blessings
1969 births
Living people
Players of American football from Cincinnati
American football safeties
Indiana Hoosiers football players
Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe) players
Orlando Predators players
New York CityHawks players
Augusta Stallions players |
Overseal is a civil parish in the South Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England. The parish contains eight listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Overseal and the surrounding area. All the listed buildings are in the village, and consist of houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farmbuildings, a school and a church.
Key
Buildings
References
Citations
Sources
Lists of listed buildings in Derbyshire |
Jim Rose (March 29, 1966 - February 6, 2023) was an American sculptor who constructed steel furniture, decorative objects, and sculpture with steel reclaimed from scrapyards. Rose was born in Beech Grove, Indiana. He earned a BFA in sculpture from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1988, and established a studio in Forestville, Wisconsin in 1990. Over three decades, he created a body of work inspired by Shaker furniture, the quilts of Gee's Bend, and early Chinese furniture.
Rose's work is represented in numerous museums, including the Smithsonian American Art Museum (DC), Milwaukee Art Museum (WI), Carnegie Museum of Art (PA), Museum of Arts and Design (NY), and John Michael Kohler Arts Center (WI). His work has been featured in American Craft Magazine, Architectural Digest and Door County Living.
References
1966 births
2023 deaths
People from Beech Grove, Indiana |
The Saint-Louis-Arzviller inclined plane is an inclined plane on the Marne-Rhine Canal () that enables the canal to cross the Vosges Mountains. It is located in the commune of Saint-Louis, between the towns of Saint-Louis and Arzviller in the département of the Moselle.
History
The Marne-Rhine Canal was built from 1838 to 1853. The main problem it solved was going through the Vosges Mountains and especially climbing up its eastern side to its lower point, the Col de Saverne. This was first solved by means of a ladder of seventeen locks, allowing an overall level change of 44.55 metres over a distance of 4 kilometres. In 1969, these locks were replaced by the Saint-Louis-Arzviller inclined plane.
Before the advent of self-propelled barges, the barges were hauled by two to four horses or mules, until the beginning of the 20th century. Then came the tractors, first on railways then on tyres since 1933, with electrical motors first and later diesel engines.
The greatest energy is needed to start the move. Thus, the traveling via the locks ladder was very laborious, tiring, expensive and long.
With 314 kilometres, the travel from Vitry-le-François to Strasbourg took six to nine days. Just using the locks ladder of Arzviller with its 17 locks needed one whole day.
Additionally, due to the narrow width of this section, the crossing of two barges was barely possible.
One person was needed to man each lock. These seventeen lock-keepers had to take care of the locks seven days a week and about twelve hours a day. They lived near the canal in houses owned by the state. Their duty was:
to allow the boats to pass through the locks;
to ensure good functioning and safety;
to maintain the valves, the toothed racks and the canal's surroundings.
In winter, the canal was emptied, to allow the locks' upkeep.
The seventeen locks wasted a lot of water (about 600 cubic metres per boat and per lock plus the leaks). In summer, the water need was greater than could be compensated for by the surrounding available small river and ponds.
The solution
Several projects resulting from an international contest had been successively studied and rejected, because some of the systems that were presented, in particular those of longitudinal type - such as the Ronquières in Belgium (1967) – were badly suited to the Vosgean site. The transverse system was the one best adapted to the topography of the site and also enabled the section of the old canal to be kept in service, limiting considerable cuts in navigation time. The only work of this type existing at the time was the Foxton inclined plane of Foxton, Leicestershire (1900).
The new structure opened in 1969.
Principle
The system works by basically lifting or lowering a caisson containing a boat on a carriage along a slope using a balancing counterweight.
According to Archimedes' principle, the barge which enters the caisson drives back towards the canal a quantity of water equivalent to the mass of the barge. Thus, the caisson always weighs the same, whether or not it contains a barge.
In principle, the system could function without an engine. Indeed, the caisson is more full at the upper level, because it stops 20 cm below the level of the canal, and less full at the lower level, since it stops 20 cm above the canal. The engines control only the speed, and require relatively low power compared to the transported weight.
Dimensions
Key numbers:
Reinforced concrete slope, with steel rails, allowing a horizontal move of 108.6 metres and a level change of 44.5 metres (slope of 41% - angle of 22°);
steel caisson 41.5 m long, 5.5 m wide and 3.2 m deep (730 cubic metres capacity), steel carriage on 32 steel wheels, the whole weighing about 900 tonnes. It travels at the speed of 0.6 m/s (2.2 km/h);
four lifting gates (two at the caisson and one at each level);
two concrete counterweights on guided carriages of 450 tonnes each. Each counterweight is fastened to the caisson by means of 14 steel cables of 27 millimetres diameter;
in the machine room, two winches each driven by a 90 kW electrical motor which ensures operation;
a power-generating unit allows the inclined plane to be used even in the event of long power cuts.
At the beginning, two caissons were planned but, with the decline of water transport, only one was built.
Performance and traffic
The inclined plane of Saint-Louis-Arzviller is able to carry 39 barges per day. Each journey is made in four minutes, making a total transportation time of twenty minutes between going in and going out. While the inclined plane is manned by two people, water losses are limited to 40 cubic metres and electrical consumption to 40 megajoules (10 kWh) per journey.
The decline in merchant water transport is partly offset by tourist traffic and the carrying of thousands of pleasure boats per year.
Evolution of traffic:
merchant boats : 1969 = 5788, 1979 = 2914, 1989 = 1015, 1999 = 272, 2004 = 284
pleasure boats : 1975 = 145, 1979 = 521, 1989 = 5330, 1999 = 7486, 2004 = 6624
Since the early 21st century, a slight increase in merchant traffic and a slight decrease in tourist traffic have been observed; while energy costs still rise, this could be more effective.
The tourist association of Saint-Louis-Arzviller inclined plane, which has managed the guided visits since the site opened, welcomes about 150,000 visitors per year. This makes this site the most visited one in Lorraine.
Incident of 4 July 2013
Shortly before 12pm local time, the tourist barge "Paris", which belongs to the Association and provides visits to tourists, was entering the caisson from the upper canal. The caisson suddenly moved down, jamming the barge with its 21 passengers and releasing a vast quantity of water into the valley below. An extensive operation by the emergency services was put into operation with occupants of a nearby camping and a restaurant in Lutzelbourg being evacuated. Through traffic on the canal was suspended while thorough inspection of the installation was undertaken, with closure originally estimated to last several months. The boat lift re-opened briefly in 2014 but closed again after damage was discovered to the caisson. Ultimately the boat lift re-opened again in the summer of 2015.
See also
Boat lift
List of boat lifts
References
This article is partly translated from the similar article in the French Wikipedia.
Further reading
Uhlemann, H-J., (2002) "Canal Lifts and Inclines of the World" Internat
External links
St.Louis Arzviller page in French and German
Aerial view on Google Maps
Boat lifts
Canal inclined planes
Buildings and structures in Moselle (department)
Transport in Grand Est
Tourist attractions in Moselle (department)
Transport infrastructure completed in 1969 |
Marcel Ruiz is a Puerto Rican actor, known for his roles as Alex Alvarez in the series One Day at a Time and John Smith in the 2019 film Breakthrough.
Career
Ruiz began his career acting in commercials at an early age. He moved to Los Angeles at age nine. Since 2017, Ruiz stars in the reboot of One Day at a Time as the character Alex Alvarez on Netflix (2017-2019), Pop (2020), and CBS (2020) In 2019, he starred in Breakthrough, a drama film and true story, portraying the role of John Smith. He loves playing sports like basketball and soccer.
Ruiz was named as one of the "10 Latinxs to Watch in 2019", by Variety magazine.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Living people
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican male film actors
Puerto Rican male television actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American male actors |
The Eastern Tatras form part of the European Tatra Mountains range in Poland and Slovakia.
The term is rarely used, with the area more commonly referred to as the High Tatras and the Belianske Tatras () ranges.
See also
Western Tatras
Tatra National Park, Slovakia
Tatra National Park, Poland
References
External links
Mountain ranges of the Carpathians
Tatra Mountains |
The Squid is the name of two different villains in DC Comics.
Publication history
The first Squid debuted in Detective Comics #497 (December 1980) and was created by Gerry Conway and Don Newton.
The second Squid debuted in Adventure Comics #490 (February 1982) and was created by E. Nelson Bridwell and Carmine Infantino.
Fictional character biography
Lawrence Loman
Lawrence Loman (a.k.a. Clement Carp) is a crime lord and master criminal in Gotham City. He and his gang stole a satchel full of important documents that Batman eventually recovers. Batman is wounded in the process, and the Squid trails him and tries to finish the job without success.
Following the fall of Rupert Thorne and Tony Falco, he was poised to fill the vacuum left by Rupert Thorne and Tony Falco. He sets up a hideout in an old warehouse near the piers. He also was able to capture a giant squid which he named "Gertrude", which he kept in a huge aquarium in his hideout, usually feeding his foes to it. In an attempt to gain control of the Gotham underworld, he and his crew succeeded in capturing Batman and feeding him to Gertude. Batman was able to barely escape from the tank with his life. Eventually the villain Killer Croc (who was once a part of the Squid's gang) kills the Squid by shooting him from a rooftop.
In Post-Crisis continuity (as seen in 52), the Squid returned and was one of the crime bosses sought out/captured by Bruno Mannheim of the Intergang. Most of the bosses refused to join Intergang and were killed for that, but the Squid's final fate was unknown.
In The New 52 timeline, the Squid is re-established with a different appearance. Once again, he has a pet giant squid (who is also named Gertrude) which he uses to dispatch his foes. He was seen peddling a new drug called "Icarus" throughout the streets of Chinatown.
Unnamed alien
The second character called "The Squid" is an alien who arrived on Earth with Abyss to commit a string of robberies. They start in Fairfax which was home to Chris King and Vicki Grant. Chris and Vicki used their H-Dials to combat Squid and Abyss where they ended up defeating them. Squid tried to flee using one of Abyss's portals to return to his homeworld, but the Abyss was disoriented at the time, and sent the Squid to someplace else, the precise details unknown even to Abyss himself.
In The New 52 (a reboot of the DC Comics universe), Squid is shown as a prisoner of Ex Nihilo. Squid escapes from his cage and agrees that he will help deal with Ex Nihilo's problems merely on principle, despite his great disdain for his "captor". When Nelson Jent wonders what his next move will be, Squid infiltrates the hospital and kills Darren Hirsch. Sensing something is wrong, Nelson heads to the phone booth and turns into Iron Snail. Upon arriving at the hospital, Nelson ends up fighting Squid in the hospital. Upon feeling his powers failing, Iron Snail escapes into an alley and escapes in a cab as Nelson. Meanwhile, Squid returns to the hospital and pays a visit to Dr. Wald (Ex Nihilo's alter-ego), who is hearing over the phone from Vernon Boyne that Nelson escaped in a cab. Squid explains that the snail-man was not quite what he seemed. Dr. Wald has Vernon Boyne tail him. Before leaving, the Squid warns that whatever is causing the string of comas is coming back, and that Squid needs it to come back.
Ex Nihilo and Squid have each started to seek out a specific man to fill out the emptiness. When Nelson Jent (in the form of Baroness Resin) and Manteau arrive at Mr. King's apartment, they run into Ex Nihilo and Squad as they witness the arrival of Abyss.
It was revealed that Ex Nihilo was the one who rescued Squid from falling through half-formed worlds and ephemeral realities to bring Abyss to them. Ex Nihilo tries to merge with Abyss which doesn't work. Baroness Resin and Manteau try to find a way to attack Abyss where Manteau ends up throwing a chair at Abyss making him disappear. Squid then knocks out Manteau as Baroness Resin regresses back to Nelson Jent. As Squid drags Manteau away, Ex Nihilo reveals her true identity as Dr. Wald to Nelson as she stated that she has been understanding the nature of magic for thirty years trying to find a way to bring Abyss to her. Squid then shoots ink onto Nelson's face as Dr. Wald is shown to have an H-Dial. After Dr. Wald and Squid escape, Nelson has survived Squid's ink attack and must find a way to rescue Manteau from Ex Nihilo. Manteau then wakes up strapped to a gurney in Ex Nihilo's laboratory where Ex Nihilo demands to know from Manteau on what she knows about Abyss despite Squid stating that she might not know about Abyss. Ex Nihilo then turns her attention towards Manteau's H-Dial wanting to know how it works. Nelson watches Abyss' destructiveness on the TV, recalling an old quotation: "Gaze long into an abyss, and the abyss also gazes into you". Suddenly, a new hero appears, obviously a creation of the H-Dial. From behind him, Nelson is startled to hear the Squid's voice. Squid points out that there is a portion of that quote that is too often left out: one who fights with monsters should see that he doesn't become a monster himself. The hero that is on the scene now is one such monster he claims. He admits that his ink was not poisonous back at the hotel. He let Nelson live because he regrets killing Darren. He got the address from Manteau's torture session. He came looking for help. He has been wounded by Abyss and Ex Nihilo has refused to help him. All he ever wanted was to go home and maybe, Nelson is the kind of man who would help him do that. Squid tells Nelson that his race were herders and wranglers of nothingness in a region called Unplace until he stumbled upon Abyss. Squid tells Nelson that Ex Nihilo must be stopped before she angers Abyss even further. Nelson tells Squid that they first must rescue Manteau from Vernon Boyne's men. Squid helps to free Manteau as he is shot in the back by Vernon. Nelson uses a hammer to knock out Vernon as he helps Manteau and Squid (who is leaning on them for support) to escape. Meanwhile, Ex Nihilo confronts Abyss where she desperately shouts and tries to convince it to join her. Abyss shows Ex Nihilo that Squid is with Manteau and Nelson (who is in the form of one of his heroes) as Ex Nihilo leaps into Abyss to pursue them.
In a makeshift costume, Nelson Jent helps Squid rescue Manteau. Not wanting to be controlled by Ex Nihilo, Abyss leaves causing Ex Nihilo to face them alone. As a nullomancer though, she has control over the holes of nothingness that permeate the Squid's body since his last encounter with Abyss and he urges Nelson and Manteau to escape and fix their dial while he sacrifices himself. When Abyss returned to Littleford, Ex Nihilo has moved on leaving Squid in a near-death state. As Nelson in the form of Cock-a-Hoop fights Abyss, Squid watches and explains that when disoriented, the smaller nothings are more easily controlled by Hairbringer and that Cock-a-Hoop should team with her to send those nothings back to Abyss. Squid then passes away following Abyss' defeat.
Powers and abilities
The second Squid can project deadly ink from his fingertips. In The New 52, Squid can create a wide assortment of chemical "inks" from his fingertips.
See also
List of Batman family enemies
References
External links
Squid II at Comic Vine
Squid II at Comic Vine
DC Comics aliens
Comics characters introduced in 1980
Characters created by Gerry Conway
Characters created by Carmine Infantino
DC Comics extraterrestrial supervillains
Fictional gangsters |
TD SYNNEX is an American IT distribution company with a workforce of 22,000 in over 100 countries. It was formed in 2021 by the merger of Synnex and Tech Data. TD SYNNEX is led by former Tech Data CEO, Rich Hume.
Ownership
At closing former Synnex shareholders owned 55% of TD SYNNEX while Apollo Global Management, the previous owner of Tech Data, owned 45%.
Revenue
With the merger of Tech Data and Synnex, TD SYNNEX becomes the largest IT distributor having a combined revenue of $59.8 billion, which surpasses Ingram Micro, whose 2020 revenue was $49.1 billion. On January 11, 2022, TD SYNNEX reported the results of the first full quarter following the merger. TD SYNNEX reported fiscal year 2021 fourth quarter revenue of $15.61 billion.
Leadership
Rich Hume, former CEO of Tech Data, is CEO of TD SYNNEX. Former Synnex president and CEO, Dennis Polk, serves as TD SYNNEX’s executive chair of the board of directors.
References
American companies established in 2021
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange |
Horseshoe Las Vegas is a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment. It originally opened as the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino on December 4, 1973. The 26-story hotel contained 2,100 rooms, and was among the world's largest hotels.
On November 21, 1980, the MGM Grand was the site of one of the worst high-rise fires in United States history, in which 85 people died. The MGM Grand was rebuilt at a cost of $50 million, and eventually reopened on July 29, 1981, with new fire safety features in place. Another 26-story tower opened later that year, adding more than 700 rooms. The resort has a total of 2,812 rooms, and the casino is .
In 1986, Bally Manufacturing purchased the resort and renamed it Bally's Las Vegas. A sister property, Paris Las Vegas, opened next to Bally's in 1999. An outdoor shopping mall, the Grand Bazaar Shops, was added to Bally's in 2015. The resort was home to the long-running Jubilee! theatrical show, which ran from 1981 to 2016.
Following a renovation, Caesars Entertainment rebranded the property as Horseshoe Las Vegas on December 15, 2022. It is named after the original Binion's Horseshoe casino in downtown Las Vegas. In 2023, it was announced that the resort would lose its Jubilee Tower to Paris Las Vegas, thus reducing the number of rooms at Horseshoe.
History
Part of the site was once occupied by the Three Coins Motel, which opened in the mid-1960s. The Bonanza, a western-themed hotel and casino, opened in July 1967. It was built in between the Three Coins and the Galaxy Motel, both of which served as the Bonanza's lodging. Because of financial problems, the Bonanza's casino portion closed three months later, although the hotel continued to operate. The hotel had 160 rooms, a small number compared to most resorts on the Las Vegas Strip.
Kirk Kerkorian purchased the Bonanza at the end of 1968, then sold it several months later to a group of investors. The Bonanza reopened in May 1969, after which a dispute occurred between the top two investors regarding management. A legal battle ensued, although the two eventually agreed to a settlement. The Bonanza included a showroom and a theater that screened classic films. The casino became popular for its country music acts, and singer Buck Owens made his Las Vegas Strip debut there in 1969. There had been plans to add a high-rise hotel building, although this did not materialize. In 1970, Kerkorian filed a foreclosure action against the owners and regained control of the Bonanza.
MGM Grand Hotel and Casino (1973–86)
Kerkorian's company, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), purchased the Bonanza and adjacent land in December 1971. MGM had plans to build a resort complex on the property named MGM's Grand Hotel, after the 1932 MGM film Grand Hotel. A groundbreaking ceremony with celebrities was held on the 43-acre property on April 15, 1972. The hotel tower was topped off in early 1973, and the Bonanza was demolished that year.
The MGM Grand Hotel had a low-key opening on December 4, 1973. A grand-opening ceremony, with celebrity appearances, was held the following night. Many stars who had appeared in MGM films were in attendance. Dean Martin provided entertainment for the grand opening, although his performance and lack of new material were criticized. Kerkorian had previously wanted Frank Sinatra to perform for the hotel's opening.
The MGM Grand was designed by architect Martin Stern Jr., and it was considered luxurious. It included hundreds of chandeliers, and statues and columns made of marble. The resort's design was based on grand hotels that were common in Europe during the early 20th century. The MGM Grand cost $106 million. The hotel was 26 stories and contained 2,100 rooms. It was among the world's largest hotels. The MGM Grand also had the world's largest casino, which included 923 slot machines, and a keno lounge. Live jai alai was also located on the property for betting. The resort also had shops, eight restaurants, 25 bars, a movie theater which initially showed only classic MGM films, five entertainment lounges, and of convention space.
A few days after the opening, character actor Chill Wills, who had been a contract player for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer during the 1940s, became the first person to get married at the new resort. The resort cost $30 million more than anticipated, and within weeks of its opening, it was announced that finishing touches on the resort would raise the $106 million cost by another $20 million. There were reports that the resort had financial problems and that it could soon be sold, although MGM retained ownership into the 1980s.
Fire and reopening
On November 21, 1980, the MGM Grand suffered a fire that started in a casino restaurant. It was one of the worst high-rise fires in United States history, killing 85 people. Smoke traveled up into the hotel tower, killing most of the victims. The fire made such an impact on hotel safety that it led to the implementation of fire safety improvements worldwide. The fire forced the temporary closure of the resort. State gaming revenues were hurt by the closure, as the MGM was one of the largest tax contributors to the local gaming industry. The county lost an estimated $1.7 million because of the closure.
Earlier in 1980, construction had begun on an additional hotel tower. Construction resumed shortly after the fire. Over the next eight months, the other MGM Grand facilities were rebuilt at a cost of $50 million, which included the implementation of new fire safety features. As the reopening approached, the resort saw strong demand in its convention bookings.
The MGM Grand held a low-key reopening on July 29, 1981, followed by an official opening the next day. Both opening days lacked any large-scale festivities. A hotel spokesman said, "It would seem inappropriate, in terms of what happened in November, to have a grand celebration." When it reopened, the resort's casino area included . The new hotel tower was expected to be finished in September 1981. The tower added more than 700 rooms. Like the original tower, the new one also stood 26 stories high.
Bally's (1986–2022)
In late 1985, Bally Manufacturing announced plans to purchase the Las Vegas MGM and its Reno counterpart. The sale of the two hotels was finalized in April 1986, for $550 million, and they were renamed under the Bally's brand. The deal required the removal of logos throughout the resorts that depicted MGM's mascot, Leo the Lion. The jai alai court closed in the 1980s.
In July 1986, a man secretly placed a pipe bomb in the resort's sportsbook and later demanded $200,000 from the casino, threatening to detonate the bomb if he did not receive the money. The bomb was found by authorities and detonated by them outside of the resort, exploding only with the intensity of a firecracker. The man was found and arrested. In 1991, a small fire occurred on one side of the Bally's sign, which was located along the Las Vegas Strip. Workers were changing the sign's lights at the time of the fire, which caused $250,000 in damage.
In 1993, Bally's announced plans to create a new entrance along the Las Vegas Strip, on a three-acre property that was being used as a resort parking lot. The entrance would include moving walkways, and was expected to be complete by the end of 1994. The new entrance was designed by Brad Friedmutter. Moving walkways were added because of the distance between the resort's entrance and the sidewalk along the Strip. Also announced were plans for a monorail, which opened in June 1995. It ran from Bally's to a new MGM Grand resort, located further south on the Strip. The resort's shopping mall was renovated in 1995. The mall, known as Bally's Avenue Shoppes, included approximately 20 retailers. The former movie theater was converted into a new sportsbook, which was opened later in 1995, at a cost of $4 million. Bally Entertainment was purchased in 1996 by Hilton Hotels Corporation.
The world premiere of Star Trek: Insurrection was held in the resort's Jubilee Theater on December 10, 1998. That year, Hilton's casino resorts division was spun off into Park Place Entertainment. A Bally's sister property, Paris Las Vegas, opened in September 1999. Paris was tightly integrated with the Bally's property by a promenade. For many years, the two resorts operated under a single gaming license. Many of Bally's high-end customers began going to the Paris upon its opening. Bally's exterior received new paint, including the addition of blue stripes, to make it more presentable for the opening of Paris.
Park Place began a renovation of Bally's in 2000, including a modernization of the hotel rooms, casino floor, convention space, and restaurants. The resort's original sign, from 1973, was replaced with a new version in 2001, marking the conclusion of the renovation project. The sign is 150 feet high and cost $10 million, making it the most expensive sign on the Strip at the time of its installation. The sign is three-sided, each featuring a large Mitsubishi Diamond screen. In addition to advertising the resort, Park Place also rented the sign out to other advertisers. The MGM-Bally's monorail ended operations in 2003, to become part of the larger Las Vegas Monorail. That year, Park Place was renamed as Caesars Entertainment, Inc.
Harrah's Entertainment acquired the resort with its purchase of Caesars in June 2005. Harrah's considered numerous options for the Bally's property, including the possibility of renovating or renaming it. Another option was to demolish it to build a Horseshoe-branded hotel; the company had acquired the Horseshoe name in 2004, after purchasing the Binion's Horseshoe casino in downtown Las Vegas. A Bally's executive said that the moving-walkway entrance would eventually be redeveloped, saying "they have to do something because the land is just too valuable to sit there." The sportsbook was closed in 2009, and reopened later that year following renovations.
In 2010, Harrah's became Caesars Entertainment Corporation. In 2013, remodeling took place on the 756-room south tower, which was renamed as the Jubilee Tower in honor of the resort's long-running show Jubilee! The casino floor was also remodeled, and new restaurants were added. The Bally's Steakhouse, a well known eatery, was closed to make way for a larger restaurant called BLT Steak. The popular Sterling Brunch buffet operates in a portion of the steakhouse during weekends.
At the end of 2013, construction began on a new Bally's shopping mall called Grand Bazaar, based on the market of the same name in Istanbul. The outdoor mall was built on two acres of land along the Las Vegas Strip, replacing the moving-walkway entrance. Caesars leased the property to a retail developer and was also a partner in the new project. The mall was part of the ongoing renovations to the resort. The Grand Bazaar Shops were initially scheduled to open in December 2014, although construction delays pushed the opening back to February 26, 2015. It opened with 70 of its 110 retailers; the remainder would open gradually over the next several months.
For several years, the Grand Bazaar Shops included a Starbucks with bleacher seating and a large movie screen, the only location to have such features. At , it was the third largest Starbucks in the U.S. Bars and restaurants were added to the mall in 2016, to increase customer attendance. The mall includes restaurants Wahlburgers and Giordano's.
In May 2018, Caesars completed a $125 million redesign of 2,052 guest rooms and suites in the original northern tower, which was renamed as the Resort Tower. It had previously operated as the Indigo Tower. Bally's includes the biggest tennis court on the Las Vegas Strip.
Horseshoe Las Vegas (2022–present)
On January 26, 2022, Caesars announced that the property would be rebranded Horseshoe Las Vegas as part of a multi-million dollar renovation project, including exterior renovations, new restaurants, and a revamp of the casino floor. Bally's remained open during the renovation work, which excluded the hotel rooms.
Horseshoe Las Vegas is named after the original Binion's Horseshoe, which was renamed Binion's Gambling Hall in 2005. The rebranding of Bally's took effect on December 15, 2022, with the exterior still undergoing final changes. A ceremony was held on March 24, 2023, marking completion of the rebranding.
The renovation work included new wallpaper, paint, and carpeting. The casino floor received a spacious new layout, and the poker room was updated to include 4 new tables for a total of 18. The sportsbook was relocated to the main casino floor, and the original location was converted into a video game arcade with more than 80 games. A new restaurant, Jack Binion's Steak, was added as well. It replaced BLT Steak, which closed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada and never reopened. Chef Martin Yan is scheduled to open an Asian restaurant, M.Y. Asia, in 2023. A glass case of $10,000 bills, previously displayed for decades at Binion's Horseshoe, was restored at the new Horseshoe.
In 2022, Bally's and Paris became the first Strip properties to host the World Series of Poker, an annual event which debuted at Binion's Horseshoe in 1970. The event returned to Paris and the rebranded Horseshoe in 2023.
In 2023, Caesars announced plans to renovate the Jubilee Tower (rumored to be renamed to the Versailles tower) and incorporate it into Paris Las Vegas by the end of the year, thus reducing the room count at Horseshoe.
Entertainment
Performers and shows
When it opened in 1973, the MGM Grand Hotel featured two large theatres: the Ziegfeld Room, with a capacity of 800 people; and the Celebrity Room, with capacity for 1,200. The Ziegfeld featured productions by famed Las Vegas choreographer Donn Arden, including Hallelujah Hollywood, which ran until 1980. The resort also hosted Arden's long-running theatrical show Jubilee! It premiered at the resort in 1981 and eventually closed in 2016, making it one of the longest-running shows in Las Vegas history. A motorcycle stunt show by Nitro Circus was to replace Jubilee!, although it was put on hold and ultimately never opened.
Sergio Franchi was the first entertainer signed to star in the Celebrity Room (three-year contract starting February 1974). Franchi's frequent co-star was comedian Joan Rivers. The Celebrity Room also hosted such acts as the Carpenters and Barry Manilow. Other notable performers at the resort have included Lou Rawls, Sam Kinison, Andrew Dice Clay, Bob Dylan, Liza Minnelli, Taylor Hicks, and Dionne Warwick. Penn & Teller made their Las Vegas Strip debut at the Celebrity Room in 1993.
The Celebrity Room was eventually demolished to connect Bally's with Paris. In 2003, there were plans to build a seven-story theater on an acre of land at Bally's east side. The theater was to host a new show starring Esther Williams, although both projects were scrapped. The Price Is Right Live! debuted at Bally's Jubilee Theater in April 2006. It was a scaled-down version of the television program.
During 2012, The Amazing Johnathan hosted a magic show in a space formerly used for the resort's buffet, which had closed several years earlier. Tony n' Tina's Wedding also premiered in the former buffet space in 2012, followed by another show, Divorce Party the Musical. The buffet space was renamed as the Windows Showroom. Tony n' Tina's Wedding ended in 2016, but returned two years later at the resort's Buca di Beppo restaurant. From 2016 to 2018, Wayne Newton hosted a show in the Windows Showroom called Wayne Newton: Up Close and Personal. It included singing and sharing stories with the audience.
An audience participation game show, titled Miss Behave, debuted at Bally's in 2017, and ended three years later. Masters of Illusion, a magic show based on the television series of the same name, began its run at the Jubilee Theater in 2017. In 2019, the Windows Showroom debuted a show by magician Xavier Mortimer, and a Harry Potter parody show titled Potted Potter.
The variety show Extravaganza debuted in the Jubilee Theater in March 2020, but was closed after one show, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It reopened later in the year, and performed its 100th show in February 2021.
Attractions
A nightclub by Victor Drai, called Drais After Hours, opened at Bally's in May 2013. It had previously operated across the street at Bill's Gambling Hall and Saloon, which was now undergoing renovations, prompting the temporary relocation of Drais. In June 2014, Victor Drai turned the Bally's location into Liaison, a club catering to a gay clientele. It closed in February 2015, because of low attendance.
In 2016, singer John Rich opened a country music club at the Grand Bazaar Shops called Redneck Riviera, which eventually closed in 2018.
A miniature golf course, themed after The Twilight Zone, was opened at the end of 2017. The course was created by Monster Mini Golf, and it also includes an arcade and bowling. A horror-themed escape room opened in 2018. The resort is also home to the Real Bodies exhibit, which showcases real specimens of the human body as well as different organs.
Media history
Shortly after the 1973 opening, MGM had planned to shoot two television pilots at the resort. In 1981, a remake of Grand Hotel (1932) was being prepared, with filming to take place at the MGM Grand. However, the project was shelved after MGM film executives realized that director Norman Jewison would have final cut privilege. The executives were concerned about the MGM Grand being portrayed in a negative way. The remake of Grand Hotel was never made. Several films and television series were later shot at the resort, and it would appear in other media as well.
The MGM Grand hosted The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast in the Ziegfeld Room from 1974 to 1984.
The MGM was also used as a filming location for the 1982 film Lookin' to Get Out.
Featured in the 1985 MGM film Rocky IV, as the site of Apollo Creed's fatal exhibition bout against Ivan Drago. The theater, and set pieces, for Jubilee! are prominently displayed during the scene.
Featured in the 1985 film Fever Pitch, evidently when the sale of the casino was pending.
Hosted Late Night with David Letterman for a week in May 1987.
Side 1 of Sam Kinison's 1990 comedy album Leader of The Banned was recorded at Bally's.
Featured in the 1991 comedy Hot Shots!, when the pilot nicknamed "Wash Out" mistakes a runway and lands near the hotel (which features Tom Jones at the time).
Featured prominently in the 1992 film Honeymoon in Vegas, starring Nicolas Cage and Sarah Jessica Parker.
Featured in the 1995 film Leaving Las Vegas, also starring Cage and Elisabeth Shue.
Featured in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as the "High Roller".
Bally's Las Vegas hosted Spike TV's 2006 poker tournament series King of Vegas, which filmed in a temporary studio constructed in a parking lot behind the resort.
Featured in the 2013 film The Incredible Burt Wonderstone, starring Steve Carell and Steve Buscemi.
Bally's Las Vegas hosted the second season of the 2015 syndicated game show Monopoly Millionaires' Club.
A head chef position at BLT Steak, located inside the hotel, was awarded to Ariel Malone, the winner of Hell's Kitchen's 15th season.
The Jubilee Theater was the filming location for the American version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? from 2016 until it ended in 2019.
References
External links
1973 establishments in Nevada
Casino hotels
Casinos in the Las Vegas Valley
Hotels established in 1973
Hotel buildings completed in 1973
Resorts in the Las Vegas Valley
Skyscraper hotels in Paradise, Nevada
Reportedly haunted locations in Nevada
Caesars Entertainment |
is a bishōjo sci-fi metaseries composed of anime, manga and dating sim video games. It was created by Broccoli in July 2000, when it launched a multi-platformed project called Project G.A. The anime and Galaxy Angel Party manga comprise a comedy story in an alternate universe, while the games and the regular manga have a serious romance and action plot.
A sequel game trilogy, Galaxy Angel II, was released from 2006 to 2009 and stars an entirely new cast, the "Rune Angel Troupe", and a new feature that combines the new Brave Heart frame with any of the Angels. Each of the Rune Angels has a connection to one of the Galaxy Angels, such as Apricot Sakuraba, the younger sister of Milfeulle Sakuraba. Just like the original Galaxy Angel, the Galaxy Angel II series has a manga adaptation and comedic anime spinoff.
The success of the video game and anime series influenced the creation of a manga series based on the video game universe. In Japan, the series became so popular that a musical based on the series was made. Entitled "GALAXY ANGEL ~The Musical~", it debuted in March and December 2005, and featured cast members who also worked on Galaxy Angel II.
Plot
Commander Takuto Meyers is a commander of the 2nd Frontier Fleet, when exiled Prince Eonia launches his coup, Most of the Royal Family on the homeworld were killed via orbital bombardment, and large portions of the Imperial Fleet were destroyed in the surprise attack. As Commander Meyers is unable to contact 2nd Fleet HQ, he waits on standby for orders, until three members of the Angel Wing arrive, with a large fleet chasing them, which turns out to be unmanned ships. After destroying the fleet, Meyers takes his fleet and follows them back to where the Elsior is hiding, the battleship usually used only by the Imperial Guards for ceremonies and meets his old Instructor Lufte, now Commodore, who charges Meyers with commanding the Elsior and the Angel Wing in escorting Prince Shiva, the only survivor of the Royal Family, to the Rhombe system where loyalist forces are gathering for a counter offensive as the 2nd fleet has already been destroyed. Before the engines can be repaired however, more enemy ships arrive, and rather than risking discovery, Commodore Lufte takes command of the remaining fleet and draws the enemy ships away, while the Elsior remains and makes its way to Rhombe, fighting off enemy attacks along the way, including elements of the Imperial Fleet changed sides to side with Prince Eonia.
While attempting to meet up with the 3rd fleet stationed at Rhombe, the Elsior discovers destroyed remnants of the 3rd fleet and runs into a trap by Prince Eonia's main fleet. While fighting the forces, they receive another message from the 3rd fleet with a new rendezvous point, after fighting their way through the enemy fleet to the rendezvous point, allied reinforcements arrive and force the enemy forces to retreat, Commodore Lufte having evaded enemy forces and reached the Rhombe System ahead of the Elsior. Afterwards, the Loyalist fleet launches an operation to destroy Prince Eonia's main fleet at the Nadler system, and they inflict a serious defeat on the enemy and the commanding admirals (and other high-ranking officers of the Imperial Navy) decide to hold a ball in Prince Shiva's honour, and plan to transfer Meyers away to command another fleet while the Angel Wings and the Elsior remain behind to guard Prince Shiva on Fargo, an orbital city around the planet Rhombe. On a routine visit to the ship's hangar, Meyers bumps into a strange girl called Noah, who wants Meyers to give him one of the Emblem Frames. When Meyers refuses, Noah gets angry, says that she will make more and stronger ones, and runs off, disappearing just around the corner. Shrugging the incident off, Meyers takes his chosen love with him to the ball, and while there Prince Eonia shows up with several soldiers to try and take Prince Shiva into his Custody, although Prince Shiva refuses. Shots are fired, and it is revealed that Prince Eonia and the soldiers are just holograms and are not physically present, at this point Eonia's fleet launches a sneak attack while most of the Loyalist fleet is docked and not combat ready, and inflicts serious damage on the port facilities.
Meyers heads back to the ship with Prince Shiva, and after the enemy fleet retreats, the Black Moon, an identical counterpart to the White Moon(a planet sized structure) shows up and fires a massive laser that slices Rhombe in half and destroys much of Fargo and the Loyalist fleet. Meyers and the Angel Wing fight a desperate battle to reach the Black Moon, which is constantly producing attack satellites and unmanned ships, before Noah unleashes an EMP like blast that leaves the Elsior, the Emblem Frames and the Loyalist Fleet powerless except for sensors and communications, before attacking them as they lay helpless. While the situation looks grim, suddenly the Elsior and the Emblem Frames have their power restored to above their original levels, and the Emblem Frames all grow wings. They manage to break through the defensive line and damage the Black Moon which causes Prince Eonia to back off for now, turning it into a stalemate, although afterwards the Emblem Frames lose their wings and their power levels drop to below normal.
As the loyalist fleet gathers on the other side of Rhombe, Commodore Lufte takes command as everyone higher-ranking was MIA and presumed dead. Elsior's chief engineer, Creta and Prince Shiva shed some light on the abilities of the Elsior and the Emblem Frames, and also that there is a weapon possibly capable of destroying the Black Moon, but it is stored in the White Moon. While briefing Commodore Lufte on the situation, he mentions that Noah was spotted on other ships and the port facilities before the attack, although when guards attempted to question her, she disappeared into smoke right before their eyes. The Elsior and the Loyalist fleet then head to the White Moon in order to retrieve the weapon, as Sherry, Prince Eonia's second in command, tries to stop them along the way, but fails, finally sacrificing herself as she tries to ram her flagship into the Elsior, although the Angel Wing manages to destroy her ship just before impact. At the White Moon, Lady Shatoyan, the Holy Mother of the White Moon, reveals that the White Moon is a weapons producing factory just like the Black Moon, but the people who found the White Moon decided to keep it a secret, and only use the technology there for good. Lady Shatoyan then lifts the limiters on the Emblem Frames and installs the Chrono Break Canon on the Elsior.
In the Final Battle, after defeating the Hell Hounds, Prince Eonia's elite fighter wing piloting copied Emblem Frames, Noah causes their frames to grow wings as well by altering their structure, in the process causing the fighters to consume their pilots and turn them into soulless zombies. After destroying their fighters, the Elsior gets into position and destroys Prince Eonia's flagship with the Chrono Break Canon, after which Noah reveals that Noah was just a form used to trick Prince Eonia, whom wanted to use the Lost Technology to create an age of peace and prosperity for everyone, into launching his coup so that the Black Moon could unite with the White Moon and evolve further. While the Black Moon pulls the White Moon out of orbit in an attempt to unite with it, Meyers and the Angel Wing breaks through a large screen of attack satellites to use the Chrono Break Canon on the Black Moon, but before it can finish charging, the Black Moon brings the full weight of its power on them, disabling them, all except for the Emblem Frame piloted by Meyer's chosen heroine.
Media
Anime
The Galaxy Angel anime series, produced by Broccoli, Madhouse and Bandai Visual, premiered across Japan on Animax between 7 April 2001 to 29 September 2001, and was soon followed by numerous sequels, including a second series ("Z"), a third series ("A", "AA", and "S") and a fourth ("X"). Each broadcast is made up of two 15-minute episodes, whose titles always contain references to food. The first series was broadcast by Animax, while later series have been broadcast by TV Osaka and other TXN stations. Internationally, the series has been broadcast by Animax and its respective networks worldwide, including its English language networks in Southeast Asia and South Asia, and its other networks in Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and Latin America. In the US, this series was distributed on DVD by Bandai Entertainment, and later on Blu-ray by Nozomi Entertainment.
Manga
Unlike the anime, the manga version of Galaxy Angel deals with the battles against The Legitimate Transbaal Empire (Eonia's Rebel Forces), and the relationship between Takuto Mayers and the six Galaxy Angel members. All Galaxy Angel books were published in North America by Broccoli Books.
Games
The video games are part strategy game, part dating sim, and are all available for the PC and PlayStation 2, with the first one also being available on the original Xbox. The three games in the series are titled Galaxy Angel, Moonlit Lovers and Eternal Lovers. All versions of the story are centered around Takuto Meyers, commander of the 2nd Frontier Fleet. Moonlit Lovers received a PC expansion that added a new character and story plot to tie her into the main game, based on the expanded PS2 port. Eternal Lovers also received a fan disc called Galaxy Angel EX. A pachinko simulation game for Playstation 2, CR Galaxy Angel, was released in 2008.
A sequel series to the original trilogy, Galaxy Angel II, came out exclusively on the PS2 and followed a different cast of characters. The three games in the sequel series are called Galaxy Angel II: Zettai Ryouiki no Tobira, Galaxy Angel II: Mugen Kairou no Kagi, and Galaxy Angel II: Eigou Kaiki no Toki, released in that order.
Galaxy Angel
In the video game universe, the Galaxy Angels are from the "Special Guardian Division" and they work closely with the "Imperial Special Guards" and the "Satellite Defense Teams". They are the guardians of the White Moon, the sacred planet of the Transbaal Empire, and the personal protectors of the White Moon Goddess Shatoyan. The story begins with Prince Eonia attempting a take over of the Transbaal Empire with the aid of the mysterious Black Moon, counterpart to the White Moon. To counter Prince Eonia, the Angel-tai along with their flagship the Elsior are placed in the hands of the kind and ever-capable Commander Takuto Meyers. In addition to the storyline differences, the personalities of the characters were also altered significantly for the anime, and the video games offer a much more in-depth look into the Galaxy Angel universe.
The following endings assume that Transvaal remains an empire, if the player tells Prince Shiva the truth at the beginning of the game, buys him a chess set and spends time with him, it is possible to unlock the Prince Shiva subplot, and at the end of the game Prince Shiva gives up the throne and Commodore Luft is elected President of the Republic instead.
Milfeulle Sakuraba: Makes a wish to the Emblem Frame that she will give up her life as the Goddess of Luck in order to restore power to the Elsior, which destroys the Black Moon with the Chrono Break Canon. Meyers retires from the navy to lead a peaceful life with Milfeulle, who has lost the ability to pilot Emblem Frames as well as her legendary luck(both good and bad), while Lester leads the Frontier Research Team to find remnants of Eonia's fleet and any Lost Technology like the Black Moon
Ranpha: As the Elsior starts going down in flames, Ranpha finds her resolve and destroys all the enemies, clearing a path for the Elsior which destroys the Black Moon with the Chrono Break Canon. Meyers stays in the military as head of the Frontier Research Team, and leaves with Ranpha on the Elsior, who starts redecorating the ship as their home.
Mint: The communication system goes down on the Elisor but Mint and Meyers understood each other due to their feelings. The Elisor is heavily damaged but Meyers decides to trust Mint and charge through and destroy the Black Moon with the Chrono Break Cannon while Mint destroys all the surrounding enemies with her Emblem Frame's "Flier Dance" ability. Mint decides to quit the Angel Troupe to accompany Meyers on his mission to scout the Frontier.
Forte: Destroys all the enemies in front of the Elsior, allowing it to destroy the Black Moon with the Chrono Break Canon. Meyers becomes commander of the frontier research team, and Forte becomes his new adjutant, replacing Lester.
Vanilla: Uses her Emblem Frame's nanomachines to restore full functionality to the Elsior, allowing it to destroy the Black Moon with the Chrono Break Canon. Meyers become commander of the Frontier Research Team, and Vanilla accompanies him on the Elsior, by now largely having gotten over her past and become more cheerful.
Galaxy Angel: Moonlit Lovers
The second game in the trilogy, Moonlit Lovers, revolves around the battles with remnants of Eonia's forces led by General Rezum and later a mysterious woman named Nephilia who claimed to be a member of a race called the Val-Fasq. A new member of the Angel-tai, Karasuma Chitose, is also introduced. The relationship between Takuto and whichever Angel whose heart he won is explored as well.
Galaxy Angel: Eternal Lovers
In the final game, Eternal Lovers, the war with the Val-Fasq begins in earnest while a couple of refugees from the legendary EDEN (the place origin of both the White Moon and Black Moon) arrive to beg the Transbaal Empire (and the legendary hero Takuto Meyers) for help. Takuto and his Angel's relationship is also put into serious jeopardy as his duties preparing for the war with the Val-Fasq keep them apart with increasing frequency.
Players can go through the story in the adventure mode and play real time tactics battle missions in the name of Takuto Mayers. While having good relationship with the Angel Troupe can increase their battle ability and the Angel Troupe with the best relation with Takuto will be with Takuto in the end like the previous two Galaxy Angel games. In this game, the cleared character would relate to the shooting mode of the game and her own Angel Frame would be unlocked in the shooting mode. Players can replay the game's battles piloting the Angel Frame instead of being the commander in chief of the battle. (while players are still given the option to command other fighters at the same time without the free camera mode.)
Light novels
Two light novels by Ryō Mizuno (the second cowritten with Megumi Tsuge) have been released in the Galaxy Angel series:
(November 2002, Fujimi Shobo, )
A revised version, was published by Kadokawa Shoten on March 25, 2006 ()
(July 2003, Fujimi Shobo, )
Other media
Galaxy Angel Live was performed on March 16, 2005. Performers are completely different from the voice actors because some of them were unable to participate. There was also another show in 2005, from December 7 to 11.
Soundtracks
Galaxy Angel Theme songs
Opening theme: "Eternal love" ~Hikari no Tenshi~ (Eternal Love ~From Angels of Light~)
Artist: Mari Iijima
Lyrics: Yuki Mori
Music: Yuusuke Sakamoto
Ending theme: "Tenshi-tachi no Kyuusoku" (Angels' Holiday)
Artist: Mari Iijima
Songwriting: Mari Iijima
Arrangement: Yuusuke Sakamoto
Galaxy Angel Moonlit Lovers theme/insert songs
Theme songs:
Opening theme: "Eternal Love 2003"
Artist: Mari Iijima
Lyrics: Yuki Mori
Music: Yuusuke Sakamoto
Ending theme: "Tenshi-tachi no Kyuusoku" (Angels' Holiday)
Artist: Mari Iijima
Songwriting: Mari Iijima
Arrangement: Yuusuke Sakamoto
Insert songs:
Theme: "Eternal Love" ~The angel of light Squadron Version~
Artist: Angel-tai
Lyrics: Yuki Mori
Music: Yuusuke Sakamoto
Galaxy Angel External lovers theme songs
The opening and ending theme is sung by the famous singer Hiromi Satō, known to be moved by the songs and wept during singing through the recording sessions.
Opening theme: "Angelic Symphony"
Artist: Hiromi Satō
Songwriting: Noriyasu Agematsu
Arranger: Masashi Huzima
Ending theme PC ver.: "Eternal Love 2004"
Artist: Hiromi Satou
Lyrics: Yuki Mori
Music: Yuusuke Sakamoto
Ending theme PS2 ver.: "Owarinaki Prelude" (Neverending Prelude)
Artist: Hiromi Satō
Songwriting: Noriyasu Agematsu
Arranger: Fujita, Hitoshi Makoto
References
External links
Broccoli's official Project G.A. website
Official site for Galaxy Angel
Official site for Galaxy Angel EX
Official site for CR Galaxy Angel
2001 anime television series debuts
Animax original programming
Anime with original screenplays
Bandai Entertainment anime titles
Bandai Visual
Comedy anime and manga
Fujimi Shobo manga
GungHo Online Entertainment franchises
Kadokawa Shoten manga
Madhouse (company)
Musicals based on anime and manga
PlayStation 2 games
Science fiction anime and manga
Science fiction video games
Shōnen manga
Strategy video games
Works based on Bandai Namco video games
Video games featuring female protagonists
Broccoli (company) games |
Pettyjohn Cave (also known as Wilsons Cave, Pettyjohn's Cave, Petty John's Cave, and other similar spellings) is a karst cave located in Walker County, Georgia on the east side of Pigeon Mountain in the Appalachian Plateau of Northwest Georgia. It has a surveyed length of 31,490 ft and reaches a depth of 235 ft. The cave is accessible via a path from a gravel parking area on the side of Rocky Lane. Out of the 242 listed, it is 119th longest cave in the United States as declared by the Georgia Speleological Survey.
Formations
Formations in Pettyjohn Cave include:
Stalagmites that are a type of speleothem that rises from the floor of a limestone cave due to the dripping of mineralized solutions and the deposition of calcium carbonate.
Stalactites are also found in the cave. These formations hang from the ceiling or wall of the cave.
There are also pillars, soda straws, cave pearls, flowstones, and cave popcorn are other formations in the cave.
Waterfalls can be found in the stream passage section.
Wildlife
This cave hosts tricolored bats and little brown bats during their winter hibernation because temperatures are low but remain above freezing. Their food consists entirely of insects such as small beetles, moths, and gnats.
See also
Ellison's Cave
References
External links
Huco Systems Maps and 360° tours of Pettyjohn Cave
Caves New Georgia Encyclopedia
Pettyjohn Cave showcaves.com
Caves of Georgia (U.S. state)
Landforms of Walker County, Georgia |
St John's Church is the Church of England parish church of the village of Little Gidding in Cambridgeshire. It is dedicated to St John the Evangelist and is a Grade I listed building. It is brick with a Ketton stone (a form of limestone) facing and a Collyweston stone slate roof.
History
The earliest known building on the site was a medieval one with associations to the Knights Templar which was decaying by the 17th century but restored by Nicholas Ferrar and his family when they founded their religious community in the village at that date. Mary Ferrar had the church panelled with oak wainscoting, some of which survives on the south side of the present church's chancel. They installed an organ in March 1631–32 (now lost). Mistress Ferrar also donated the surviving brass font of c.1625 and the 15th-century brass lectern with eagle, while the current cedar communion table also dates from the Ferrars' occupancy.
That church was replaced by the present one in 1714 with a nave 8 feet shorter than its predecessor and removing the west gallery the Ferrars had installed. It was in its turn restored and altered in 1853.
The nave is wide and in length and fewer than 30 people can be accommodated in the stalls lining the wall of the nave. The chancel is wide and in width. On the south side of the chancel is a late 19th-century vestry which is a little larger than one half the width of the chancel.
Although photographs taken during the 1900s show an organ within the church, a 1999 survey for the National Pipe Organ Register stated that as of 1999, there was no pipe organ in this church.
An Order in Council published in the London Gazette on 13 March 1923, combined the United Benefice of Great Gidding with Little Gidding with the Benefice of Steeple Gidding.
St John's is listed in Simon Jenkins' England's Thousand Best Churches.
See also
Anglican religious order
George Herbert
Leighton Bromswold
Little Gidding (poem)
Saints in Anglicanism
References
External links
Friends of Little Gidding
The Giddings, the website for the villages of Great Gidding, Little Gidding and Steeple Gidding
Little Gidding, Cambridgeshire from a blog by James P. Miller (with photographs)
St John's Church, Little Gidding
Small Pilgrim Places Network; Little Gidding
Records of St John the Evangelist, Little Gidding. Inventory of materials at the Cambridgeshire County Record Office, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
Videos
Little Gidding–St John's Church October 2013
A Visit to Little Gidding
Extracts from 'Little Gidding' - the poem by T S Eliot - read in Little Gidding
Anglican orders and communities
Anglican pilgrimage sites
Church of England church buildings in Cambridgeshire
Grade I listed churches in Cambridgeshire
Little Gidding
17th century in England
1626 establishments in England
1657 disestablishments
1650s disestablishments in England
1620s in England
1630s in England
1640s in England
1650s in England |
Frank Henrik Aarebrot (19 January 1947 – 9 September 2017) was a Norwegian political scientist, political commentator, and professor of comparative politics. Among the most quoted and popular academics in the Norwegian press, he became better known during his later years for his televised "marathon lectures" and his recurring role in coverage of national and international elections on Norwegian television.
Biography
Early life and education
Aarebrot was born in Bergen on 19 January 1947, the only child of civil engineer Knut Aarebrot (1911–84) and housewife Borgny Hansen (1912-2003), and grew up in the working class area of Kronstad outside Bergen. After finishing his examen artium in 1966, he enrolled at the University of Bergen, where he became the assistant of Stein Rokkan in 1969. After being invited to the United States by his aunt, Aarebrot studied at Yale University in 1969-1970 and the University of Michigan in 1972-74 as an exchange student, whilst also working as a substitute and guest lecturer in Bergen in-between. After completing his studies, Aarebot received his cand.polit.-degree in comparative politics in 1976, with minors in sociology and history.
Aarebrot became a member of the Norwegian Labour Party at young age, and voted for them in every election until his death. He later referred to his upbringing as one of the main reasons for his political position.
Academic career
From 1977 to his retirement in 2017, Aarebrot was employed by the Institute of Comparative Politics at the University of Bergen. In addition, he regularly lectured at Institut des Sciences Politiques and at the Humboldt University in Berlin. During his career, he also wrote sixty-nine books on the democratisation of Europe following the fall of the Berlin Wall. Aarebrot also holds one of the top spots in the rankings of most quoted academics in Norwegian media. On 19 January 2017, Aarebrot reached the age of retirement for academics in Norway, and held his final lecture on 24 April, an event that was televised nationally. While Aarebrot initially had several more planned, it would be his final televised lecture.
Media career
In the late 1980s, Aarebrot began working as a freelance observer for NRK, covering elections in Europe and the US. While covering the presidential elections of Romania in 1990, Aarebrot was infected with a skeletal disease that later resulted in amputation. Despite his, he continued working with the broadcaster until his death, and had a recurring role in coverage of elections until 2017.
Despite his education and academic background, Aarebrot became better known to modern audiences following his many appearances outside the news. In 2004, together with Norwegian comedian and sociologist Harald Eia and comedians Bård Tufte Johansen and Kristopher Schau, Aarebrot tried to prove Pierre Bourdieus critic of television, claiming that it's not an organ of information, but rather distraction: while Aarebrot and Bård Tufte Johansen led a normal-like TV-discussion about the ideas of Pierre Bourdieu, Kristopher Schau was licking dipmix off of the remaining parts of Aarebrots leg, meant to work as proof of Bordieus ideas, as the viewers most likely wouldn't remember the actual discussion.
Having studied in the United States and lived there for several years, Aarebrot was particularly interested in the politics of the country, and made frequent visits until his death. During the last decade of his career, he often featured in election coverage on Norwegian television, and wrote several articles on the presidential candidates and American politics in general. In one of his later, and more controversial articles, he compared then-candidate Donald Trump with Adolf Hitler, drawing parallels between the rhetoric and wording used by Trump during his campaign and by Hitler during his rise to power prior to 1933. When Trump later won the nomination, and subsequent election, Aarebrot referred to the result as "frightening" and expressed worry for the American democracy.
In 2014, Aarebrot gave a televised lecture on Norwegian history from 1814 to 2014 in celebration of the 200-year anniversary of the Constitution of Norway, the lecture lasting three-and-a-half hours, one minute for every year. Dubbed a "marathon lecture" by the media, it was immensely popular with viewers, resulting in two more such lectures, a three-and-a-half hour lecture on World War II in Norway in 2015, and a four-hour lecture on all forty-four Presidents of the United States and their elections in 2016. A fourth lecture, covering the 500-year history from the Reformation in 1517 until today was scheduled for October 2017 when Aarebrot suddenly died, six weeks before the lecture was to take place. He had also planned a fifth lecture for 2018, covering the hundred-year-history since the end of World War I. While most reviews and comments about the lectures were positive, some critics complained that Aarebrot presented a "dumbed-down" version of history, and also criticized him for failing to check some of his facts, such as the cause death of William Henry Harrison in 1841.
Personal life
Aarebrot married Dutch political scientist Marian Flick in 1977, and they remained married until his death. They had two children together.
After contracting an infection in his left leg while covering the presidential elections of Romania in 1990, Aarebrot was diagnosed with osteomyelitis, a disease of the bones in his leg, which was aggravated by lifelong smoking habit. In 2003, the leg was amputated below the knee, which Aarebrot himself called "a relief". He later used a prosthesis and occasionally crutches or a wheelchair.
Death
On 4 September 2017, Aarebrot was admitted to Haukeland sykehus in Bergen having suffered a heart attack. He had felt unwell during a return flight from London, and called his doctor after landing at Flesland Airport. The following day Aarebrot himself told media that he felt much better and would be having minor surgeries the following days to correct his heart issues. Five days later, on the evening of 9 September 2017, Aarebrot died at Haukeland from complications following his heart attack, aged 70. His death occurred less than two days before the 2017 Norwegian elections, which Aarebrot was scheduled to cover and comment on, and had made several pre-recorded videos for.
Bibliography
Frank Aarebrot and Pål Bakka: “Die Vergleichende Methode in der Politikwissenschaft“ i Dirk Berg-Schlosser and Ferdinand Müller-Rommel (red.): Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 4. utgave, (2006)
Joakim Ekman, Henri Vogt, Frank Aarebrot and Sten Berglund: The Making Of The European Union: Foundations, Institutions and Future Trends (2006)
Sten Berglund, Joakim Ekman and Frank Aarebrot (red.): The Handbook of political change in Eastern Europe 2. utgave (2004)
Sten Berglund, Frank Aarebrot, Henri Vogt and Georgi Karasimeonov: Challenges to democracy : Eastern Europe ten years after the collapse of communism (2001)
Frank Aarebrot and Terje Knutsen: Politics and Citizenship on the Eastern Baltic Seaboard. The structuring of Democratic Politics from North-West Russia to Poland (2000)
Sten Berglund and Frank Aarebrot: The Political History of Eastern Europe in the 20th Century. The Struggle Between Dictatorship and Democracy (1997)
References
External links
Profile on the website of University of Bergen
1947 births
2017 deaths
Norwegian political scientists
Academic staff of the University of Bergen
Academic staff of Örebro University
University of Michigan alumni
Politicians from Bergen
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
People educated at Langhaugen Upper Secondary School
Norwegian amputees |
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