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Tha Pha can refer to:
Tha Pha, a tambon of Ko Kha District, Lampang Province, Thailand
Tha Pha, a tambon of Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand
Tha Pha, a tambon of Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
From List of National Natural Landmarks, these are the National Natural Landmarks in New Hampshire. There are 11 in total.
New Hampshire
National Natural Landmarks |
Pashapole Union () is a union parishad under Chaugachha Upazila of Jessore District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 10 square kilometres and a population of 18171.
References
Unions of Chaugachha Upazila
Unions of Jessore District
Unions of Khulna Division |
Miss International 2015, the 55th Miss International pageant, was held on November 5, 2015 at the Grand Prince Hotel Takanawa in Tokyo, Japan. Valerie Hernandez of Puerto Rico crowned her successor Edymar Martínez of Venezuela at the end of the event with a new crown created and designed by Mikimoto. The Continental Queens were awarded for the first time in this edition.
The pageant hosted by Tetsuya Bessho on his second consecutive year of Miss International.
Results
Placements
Continental queens
Special awards
Contestants
70 delegates competed in the final night of Miss International 2015.
Notes
Returns
Countries and territories when previously withdraw and return this year:
Last competed in 2009:
Last competed in 2010:
Last competed in 2011:
Last competed in 2012:
Last competed in 2013:
Designations
– Isis Stocco was appointed as "Miss International Brazil 2015". She was 3rd runner-up Miss Brasil 2013.
– Brianna Acosta was appointed as "Miss Hawaii International 2015" by the Miss Hawaii International Organization under Harrison Productions LLC. She was Miss Hawaii USA 2013. Hawaiian representative attends as Miss Hawaii (special region of Miss International).
– Jennifer Valle was appointed as "Miss International Honduras 2015" by Senorita Honduras Organization. She was Senorita Honduras 2012.
– Linda Szunai was appointed as "Miss International Hungary 2015" by Miss International Hungary Organization. She was Miss World Hungary 2011.
– Jhasmeiry Herrera Evans was appointed as "Miss International Panama 2015" by Olais Padilla, National Director of Miss International Panama. She was 2nd runner-up Miss Panama 2015.
– Ewa Mielnicka was appointed as "Miss International Poland 2015" by Miss Polski Organization. Up to now Miss International franchise belonged to Miss Polonia whereas Miss Polski used to send Polish delegates to Miss World between 2007 and 2014.
– Angela Jayatissa was appointed as "Miss International Sri Lanka 2015" by Miss Sri Lanka Organization. She was 2nd runner-up Miss Sri Lanka 2011.
Withdrawals
– No contest
– No contest
– No contest
– Miss Egypt got postponed, Miss International Egypt will compete in 2018.
– No contest
– Due to organization issues. Anis Christine Pitty Yaya withdrew from Miss International.
– No contest
– No contest
– Due to personal reasons, Saida Jerónimo did not complete.
– No contest
– Due to lack of sponsorship.
– Due to lack of sponsorship.
References
External links
Official Miss International website
2015
International
Beauty pageants in Japan
2015 in Tokyo |
```xml
/*
*
* See the LICENSE file at the top-level directory of this distribution
* for licensing information.
*
* Unless otherwise agreed in a custom licensing agreement with the Lisk Foundation,
* no part of this software, including this file, may be copied, modified,
* propagated, or distributed except according to the terms contained in the
* LICENSE file.
*
* Removal or modification of this copyright notice is prohibited.
*/
import { BlockAsset, BlockAssets } from '@liskhq/lisk-chain';
import { codec } from '@liskhq/lisk-codec';
import * as cryptography from '@liskhq/lisk-cryptography';
import { objects } from '@liskhq/lisk-utils';
import { RandomMethod } from '../../../../src/modules/random/method';
import { SEED_LENGTH } from '../../../../src/modules/random/constants';
import { blockHeaderAssetRandomModule } from '../../../../src/modules/random/schemas';
import { bitwiseXOR } from '../../../../src/modules/random/utils';
import { MethodContext } from '../../../../src/state_machine';
import { createTransientMethodContext } from '../../../../src/testing';
import * as genesisValidators from '../../../fixtures/genesis_validators.json';
import { testCases } from '../../../fixtures/pos_random_seed_generation/pos_random_seed_generation_other_rounds.json';
import { RandomModule } from '../../../../src/modules/random';
import {
ValidatorRevealsStore,
ValidatorSeedReveal,
} from '../../../../src/modules/random/stores/validator_reveals';
const strippedHashOfIntegerBuffer = (num: number) =>
cryptography.utils.hash(cryptography.utils.intToBuffer(num, 4)).subarray(0, SEED_LENGTH);
describe('RandomModuleMethod', () => {
let randomMethod: RandomMethod;
let context: MethodContext;
let randomStore: ValidatorRevealsStore;
const randomModule = new RandomModule();
const EMPTY_BYTES = Buffer.alloc(0);
describe('isSeedRevealValid', () => {
const twoRoundsValidators: ValidatorSeedReveal[] = [];
const twoRoundsValidatorsHashes: { [key: string]: Buffer[] } = {};
for (const generator of testCases[0].input.blocks) {
const generatorAddress = cryptography.address.getAddressFromPublicKey(
Buffer.from(generator.generatorPublicKey, 'hex'),
);
const seedReveal = Buffer.from(generator.asset.seedReveal, 'hex');
twoRoundsValidators.push({
generatorAddress,
seedReveal,
height: generator.height,
valid: true,
});
if (!twoRoundsValidatorsHashes[generatorAddress.toString('hex')]) {
twoRoundsValidatorsHashes[generatorAddress.toString('hex')] = [];
}
twoRoundsValidatorsHashes[generatorAddress.toString('hex')].push(seedReveal);
}
beforeEach(async () => {
randomMethod = new RandomMethod(randomModule.stores, randomModule.events, randomModule.name);
context = createTransientMethodContext({});
randomStore = randomModule.stores.get(ValidatorRevealsStore);
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, {
validatorReveals: twoRoundsValidators.slice(0, 103),
});
});
it('should throw error when asset is undefined', async () => {
// Arrange
const validatorAddress = cryptography.address.getAddressFromPublicKey(
Buffer.from(testCases[0].input.blocks[0].generatorPublicKey, 'hex'),
);
const blockAsset: BlockAsset = {
module: randomModule.name,
data: undefined as any,
};
// Act & Assert
await expect(
randomMethod.isSeedRevealValid(context, validatorAddress, new BlockAssets([blockAsset])),
).rejects.toThrow('Block asset is missing.');
});
it('should return true if the last revealed seed by generatorAddress in validatorReveals array is equal to the hash of seedReveal', async () => {
for (const [address, hashes] of Object.entries(twoRoundsValidatorsHashes)) {
// Arrange
const blockAsset: BlockAsset = {
module: randomModule.name,
data: codec.encode(blockHeaderAssetRandomModule, { seedReveal: hashes[1] }),
};
// Act
const isValid = await randomMethod.isSeedRevealValid(
context,
Buffer.from(address, 'hex'),
new BlockAssets([blockAsset]),
);
// Assert
expect(isValid).toBe(true);
}
});
it('should return true if no last seed reveal found', async () => {
// Arrange
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, { validatorReveals: [] });
for (const [address, hashes] of Object.entries(twoRoundsValidatorsHashes)) {
const blockAsset: BlockAsset = {
module: randomModule.name,
data: codec.encode(blockHeaderAssetRandomModule, { seedReveal: hashes[1] }),
};
// Act
const isValid = await randomMethod.isSeedRevealValid(
context,
Buffer.from(address, 'hex'),
new BlockAssets([blockAsset]),
);
// Assert
expect(isValid).toBe(true);
}
});
it('should return false if there is a last revealed seed by generatorAddress in validatorReveals array but it is not equal to the hash of seedReveal', async () => {
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, { validatorReveals: twoRoundsValidators });
for (const [address, hashes] of Object.entries(twoRoundsValidatorsHashes)) {
// Arrange
const blockAsset: BlockAsset = {
module: randomModule.name,
data: codec.encode(blockHeaderAssetRandomModule, { seedReveal: hashes[1] }),
};
// Act
const isValid = await randomMethod.isSeedRevealValid(
context,
Buffer.from(address, 'hex'),
new BlockAssets([blockAsset]),
);
// Assert
expect(isValid).toBe(false);
}
});
it('should return true if generatorAddress is not present in any element of validatorReveals array', async () => {
// Arrange
const { generatorAddress } = twoRoundsValidators[5];
const twoRoundsValidatorsClone1 = objects.cloneDeep(twoRoundsValidators);
twoRoundsValidatorsClone1[5].generatorAddress = Buffer.alloc(0);
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, {
validatorReveals: twoRoundsValidatorsClone1.slice(0, 103),
});
const hashes = twoRoundsValidatorsHashes[generatorAddress.toString('hex')];
const blockAsset: BlockAsset = {
module: randomModule.name,
data: codec.encode(blockHeaderAssetRandomModule, { seedReveal: hashes[1] }),
};
// Act
const isValid = await randomMethod.isSeedRevealValid(
context,
generatorAddress,
new BlockAssets([blockAsset]),
);
// Assert
expect(isValid).toBe(true);
});
it('should return false if seedreveal is not a 16-bytes value', async () => {
// Arrange
const { generatorAddress } = twoRoundsValidators[5];
const twoRoundsValidatorsClone2 = twoRoundsValidators;
twoRoundsValidatorsClone2[5].seedReveal = cryptography.utils.getRandomBytes(17);
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, {
validatorReveals: twoRoundsValidatorsClone2.slice(0, 103),
});
const hashes = twoRoundsValidatorsHashes[generatorAddress.toString('hex')];
const blockAsset: BlockAsset = {
module: randomModule.name,
data: codec.encode(blockHeaderAssetRandomModule, { seedReveal: hashes[1] }),
};
// Act
const isValid = await randomMethod.isSeedRevealValid(
context,
generatorAddress,
new BlockAssets([blockAsset]),
);
// Assert
expect(isValid).toBe(false);
});
it('should return false if generatorAddress is not a 20-byte input', async () => {
// Arrange
const generatorAddress = cryptography.utils.getRandomBytes(21);
const twoRoundsValidatorsClone3 = objects.cloneDeep(twoRoundsValidators);
twoRoundsValidatorsClone3[5].generatorAddress = generatorAddress;
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, {
validatorReveals: twoRoundsValidatorsClone3.slice(0, 103),
});
const hashes =
twoRoundsValidatorsHashes[twoRoundsValidators[5].generatorAddress.toString('hex')];
const blockAsset: BlockAsset = {
module: randomModule.name,
data: codec.encode(blockHeaderAssetRandomModule, { seedReveal: hashes[1] }),
};
// Act
const isValid = await randomMethod.isSeedRevealValid(
context,
generatorAddress,
new BlockAssets([blockAsset]),
);
// Assert
expect(isValid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe('getRandomBytes', () => {
const validatorsData = [
{
generatorAddress: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].address, 'hex'),
seedReveal: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
height: 11,
valid: true,
},
{
generatorAddress: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].address, 'hex'),
seedReveal: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[2], 'hex'),
height: 13,
valid: true,
},
{
generatorAddress: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].address, 'hex'),
seedReveal: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[3], 'hex'),
height: 17,
valid: true,
},
{
generatorAddress: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].address, 'hex'),
seedReveal: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[4], 'hex'),
height: 19,
valid: true,
},
{
generatorAddress: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[1].address, 'hex'),
seedReveal: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[1].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
height: 14,
valid: true,
},
{
generatorAddress: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[2].address, 'hex'),
seedReveal: Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[2].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
height: 15,
valid: false,
},
];
beforeEach(async () => {
randomMethod = new RandomMethod(randomModule.stores, randomModule.events, randomModule.name);
context = createTransientMethodContext({});
randomStore = randomModule.stores.get(ValidatorRevealsStore);
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, { validatorReveals: validatorsData });
});
it('should throw error when height is negative', async () => {
const height = -11;
const numberOfSeeds = 2;
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).rejects.toThrow(
'Height or number of seeds cannot be negative.',
);
});
it('should throw error when numberOfSeeds is negative', async () => {
const height = 11;
const numberOfSeeds = -2;
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).rejects.toThrow(
'Height or number of seeds cannot be negative.',
);
});
it('should throw error if for every seedObject element in validatorReveals height > seedObject.height', async () => {
const height = 35;
const numberOfSeeds = 5;
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).rejects.toThrow(
'Height is in the future.',
);
});
it('should throw error when height is non integer input', async () => {
const height = 5.1;
const numberOfSeeds = 2;
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).rejects.toThrow(
'Height or number of seeds cannot be non integer.',
);
});
it('should throw error when number of seeds is non integer input', async () => {
const height = 5;
const numberOfSeeds = 0.3;
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).rejects.toThrow(
'Height or number of seeds cannot be non integer.',
);
});
it('should return XOR random bytes as 16 bytes value for height=11, numberOfSeeds=3', async () => {
const height = 11;
const numberOfSeeds = 3;
// Create a buffer from height + numberOfSeeds
const randomSeed = strippedHashOfIntegerBuffer(height + numberOfSeeds);
const hashesExpected = [
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[2], 'hex'),
];
// Do XOR of randomSeed with hashes of seed reveal with height >= randomStoreValidator.height >= height + numberOfSeeds
const xorExpected = bitwiseXOR([randomSeed, ...hashesExpected]);
expect(xorExpected).toHaveLength(16);
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).resolves.toEqual(
xorExpected,
);
});
it('should return XOR random bytes for height=11, numberOfSeeds=4', async () => {
const height = 11;
const numberOfSeeds = 4;
// Create a buffer from height + numberOfSeeds
const randomSeed = strippedHashOfIntegerBuffer(height + numberOfSeeds);
const hashesExpected = [
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[2], 'hex'),
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[1].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
];
// Do XOR of randomSeed with hashes of seed reveal with height >= randomStoreValidator.height >= height + numberOfSeeds
const xorExpected = bitwiseXOR([randomSeed, ...hashesExpected]);
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).resolves.toEqual(
xorExpected,
);
});
it('should return XOR random bytes for height=11, numberOfSeeds=5 excluding invalid seed reveal', async () => {
const height = 11;
const numberOfSeeds = 5;
// Create a buffer from height + numberOfSeeds
const randomSeed = strippedHashOfIntegerBuffer(height + numberOfSeeds);
const hashesExpected = [
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[2], 'hex'),
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[1].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
];
// Do XOR of randomSeed with hashes of seed reveal with height >= randomStoreValidator.height >= height + numberOfSeeds
const xorExpected = bitwiseXOR([
bitwiseXOR([bitwiseXOR([randomSeed, hashesExpected[0]]), hashesExpected[1]]),
hashesExpected[2],
]);
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).resolves.toEqual(
xorExpected,
);
});
it('should return XOR random bytes for height=8, numberOfSeeds=4', async () => {
const height = 8;
const numberOfSeeds = 4;
// Create a buffer from height + numberOfSeeds
const randomSeed = strippedHashOfIntegerBuffer(height + numberOfSeeds);
const hashesExpected = [
Buffer.from(genesisValidators.validators[0].hashOnion.hashes[1], 'hex'),
];
// Do XOR of randomSeed with hashes of seed reveal with height >= randomStoreValidator.height >= height + numberOfSeeds
const xorExpected = bitwiseXOR([randomSeed, ...hashesExpected]);
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).resolves.toEqual(
xorExpected,
);
});
it('should return initial random bytes for height=7, numberOfSeeds=3', async () => {
const height = 7;
const numberOfSeeds = 3;
// Create a buffer from height + numberOfSeeds
const randomSeed = strippedHashOfIntegerBuffer(height + numberOfSeeds);
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).resolves.toEqual(
randomSeed,
);
});
it('should throw error for height=20, numberOfSeeds=1', async () => {
const height = 20;
const numberOfSeeds = 1;
await expect(randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, height, numberOfSeeds)).rejects.toThrow(
'Height is in the future.',
);
});
});
describe('getRandomBytes from protocol specs', () => {
describe.each([...testCases].map(testCase => [testCase.description, testCase]))(
'%s',
(_description, testCase) => {
// Arrange
const { config, input, output } = testCase as any;
const validators: ValidatorSeedReveal[] = [];
for (const generator of input.blocks) {
const generatorAddress = cryptography.address.getAddressFromPublicKey(
Buffer.from(generator.generatorPublicKey, 'hex'),
);
const seedReveal = Buffer.from(generator.asset.seedReveal, 'hex');
validators.push({
generatorAddress,
seedReveal,
height: generator.height,
valid: true,
});
}
beforeEach(async () => {
randomMethod = new RandomMethod(
randomModule.stores,
randomModule.events,
randomModule.name,
);
context = createTransientMethodContext({});
randomStore = randomModule.stores.get(ValidatorRevealsStore);
await randomStore.set(context, EMPTY_BYTES, { validatorReveals: validators });
});
it('should generate correct random seeds', async () => {
// Arrange
// For randomSeed 1
const round = Math.floor(
input.blocks[input.blocks.length - 1].height / config.blocksPerRound,
);
const middleThreshold = Math.floor(config.blocksPerRound / 2);
const startOfRound = config.blocksPerRound * (round - 1) + 1;
// To validate seed reveal of any block in the last round we have to check till second last round that doesn't exist for last round
const heightForSeed1 = startOfRound - (round === 2 ? 0 : middleThreshold);
// For randomSeed 2
const endOfLastRound = startOfRound - 1;
const startOfLastRound = endOfLastRound - config.blocksPerRound + 1;
// Act
const randomSeed1 = await randomMethod.getRandomBytes(
context,
heightForSeed1,
round === 2 ? middleThreshold : middleThreshold * 2,
);
// There is previous round for last round when round is 2
const randomSeed2 =
round === 2
? strippedHashOfIntegerBuffer(endOfLastRound)
: await randomMethod.getRandomBytes(context, startOfLastRound, middleThreshold * 2);
// Assert
expect(randomSeed1.toString('hex')).toEqual(output.randomSeed1);
expect(randomSeed2.toString('hex')).toEqual(output.randomSeed2);
});
},
);
});
});
``` |
Jenny Buckley (born 1979) is an Irish actress and television presenter, who is currently the main weather presenter on UTV Ireland, a position she has held since the channel's launch in January 2015. She also presents the channel's entertainment bulletin, The Pulse.
Career
A native of Howth, Dublin, Buckley started acting on stage and screen, appearing in productions such as The Woman Who Walked into Doors and Tara Road. She joined Channel 6 as a presenter in 2006, where her credits include hosting series such as Access Hollywood and Cois Farraige, before going on to present for both TV3 and RTÉ. In 2010, she co-hosted RTÉ's travel show No Frontiers, and has also appeared on Celebrity Apprentice Ireland. In December 2014, and ahead of its launch, UTV Ireland announced it had signed Buckley as its main weather presenter. She joined the channel as it went on air in January 2015, and presents the weather forecast following UTV's evening news programmes, Ireland Live and Ireland Live at 10. In March 2015, Buckley launched UTV Ireland's "Bringing U Home" campaign for St Patrick's Day, which encouraged Irish people living overseas to submit greetings videos to friends and relatives, with entries having a chance to win return air tickets to Ireland from wherever they were currently living. In July 2015, Buckley began presenting The Pulse, a three-minute entertainment bulletin that airs before the Friday afternoon edition of Ireland Live. Within days of its launch UTV were forced to reject claims that the show was inspired by TV3's Xposé after critics noted the similar colour schemes used on the sets of both programmes. In September 2015 Buckley told the Irish Daily Mirror that UTV planned to extend the programme to a 30-minute slot by the end of the year.
Buckley is also a prominent voiceover artist in Ireland, having contributed to commercials for companies such as Bank of Ireland, UPC Ireland and Dunnes Stores, as well as several ebooks.
She was nominated in the Most Stylish Newcomer category at the 2015 Peter Mark VIP Style Awards alongside Stephanie Roche and Aoife Walsh.
Personal life
Buckley is married to Garrett McClean, an executive director with property firm CBRE and they have a daughter.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
21st-century Irish actresses
Irish stage actresses
Irish television actresses
Irish film actresses
Irish television presenters
Irish women journalists
Television personalities from Dublin (city)
Audiobook narrators
Weather presenters
Irish women television presenters
Actresses from County Dublin
People from Howth |
```python
"""Provide a compatibility layer for requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth."""
import requests
class _ThreadingDescriptor(object):
def __init__(self, prop, default):
self.prop = prop
self.default = default
def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
return getattr(obj._thread_local, self.prop, self.default)
def __set__(self, obj, value):
setattr(obj._thread_local, self.prop, value)
class _HTTPDigestAuth(requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth):
init = _ThreadingDescriptor('init', True)
last_nonce = _ThreadingDescriptor('last_nonce', '')
nonce_count = _ThreadingDescriptor('nonce_count', 0)
chal = _ThreadingDescriptor('chal', {})
pos = _ThreadingDescriptor('pos', None)
num_401_calls = _ThreadingDescriptor('num_401_calls', 1)
if requests.__build__ < 0x020800:
HTTPDigestAuth = requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth
else:
HTTPDigestAuth = _HTTPDigestAuth
``` |
Cornelia (Connie) Pechmann is an American academic and marketing research scholar. She is a Professor of Marketing at University of California, Irvine Paul Merage School of Business.
Pechmann has published numerous papers and articles regarding the effects of advertising, product labeling, social media, brand names and retail store locations on consumers. She is known for her research on studying adolescents' response to pro and anti-tobacco and drug advertising. Her recent work examines the use of social media for online self-help groups and she has worked on developing Tweet2Quit for smoking cessation.
Pechmann is the former Editor-in-chief of Journal of Consumer Psychology.
Education
Pechmann graduated in Psychology and Spanish from Bucknell University in 1981. She then studied at Vanderbilt University and in 1985, received her MS degree in General Psychology and MBA degree in Marketing Management. She completed her Ph.D. degree in Marketing Management from Vanderbilt University in 1988.
Career
Pechmann taught briefly at California State University in Fullerton before joining The Paul Merage School of Business at University of California, Irvine as an Assistant Professor in 1988. She was promoted to Associate Professor in 1995 and became a Professor of Marketing in 2003.
Pechmann worked for several years for the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and helped in overseeing the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign.
Research
Pechmann has conducted research on consumer behavior, the influence of social media and online communities, transformative consumer research, advertising strategy and regulation, deceptive advertising, micromarketing, and geographic information systems.
Tobacco-related advertising and adolescents’ response
Pechmann experimentally investigated the effects of antismoking advertisements on a non-smoker adolescent's perception of peers who smoke, and found that exposure to antismoking advertisements strengthened a non-smoker adolescent's belief that smokers irresponsibly damaged their health, and negatively affected the non-smoker's evaluation about a smoker's personal appeal. She studied the effects of exposure to smoking in movies and antismoking advertisements before movies, on youth. Pechmann found that the smoking scenes in movies increased the young viewer's intent to smoke, but the exposure of antismoking advertisements was observed to nullify the effect.
Pechmann applied protection motivation theory to study anti-smoking message theme effects on cognitions and intentions and identified the main message themes that increased adolescents' nonsmoking intentions. In her research regarding adolescents' response to antismoking advertising campaigns, Pechmann found that promotion (aspirational) focused youths responded best to promotion-focused positive messages while prevention (safety) focused youth responded best to prevention-focused negative messages.
Advertising strategy and regulation
Pechmann studied comparative advertising and investigated its influence on consumer's attention, memory and purchase intentions. Her study indicated that direct comparative claims led to an increase in purchase intention for low-share brands but had a contrary effect for established brands. She also found that the direct comparative advertisement strategy increased consumer's perception of an unfamiliar advertised brand through association and differentiation strategies; and that the direct comparative advertisement proved to be most effective when the featured attribute of the product was typical of the product category.
Consumer behavior research
Pechmann studied the influence of advertising on health related consumer behaviors and cognitions; and stressed the importance of tailoring the messages and executional styles for the specific target consumers and testing for both intended and unintended negative effects.
In her research regarding adolescent development from psychological and marketing perspectives, Pechmann found adolescents to be more impulsive and self-conscious than adults and thus were more vulnerable to harm. She stressed restricting the adolescents' exposure to advertisements of addictive or high-risk products.
Social media for online self-help groups
Pechmann researched the use of social media for online self-help groups and studied the activity of social network accounts on Twitter regarding quitting smoking. She worked on developing a Twitter-based intervention for smoking cessation, called Tweet2Quit. Pechmann's randomized controlled trial evaluation of Tweet2Quit indicated it to be engaging and a viable cessation treatment.
Awards and honors
2004 - Exceptional Faculty Service Award, UCI Graduate School of Management
2005 - Best Paper Award for Paper Published in 2002, Journal of Consumer Research
2009 - Richard W. Pollay Prize for Intellectual Excellence in Research on Marketing in the Public Interest
2019 - UCI Academic Senate Special Award for Impact on Society
2020 - Inaugural Responsible Research in Marketing Award, American Marketing Association
Selected articles
References
Living people
Bucknell University alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
University of California, Irvine faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
American marketing people
Market researchers
American women in business |
Haut-Komo is a department of Woleu-Ntem Province in northern Gabon. The capital lies at Médouneu. The department borders with Equatorial Guinea. It had a population of 3,403 in 2013.
References
Woleu-Ntem Province
Departments of Gabon |
John Twisleton (c 1614–1682), of Horsmans Place, Dartford, Kent was created a baronet by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell. He was Sheriff of Kent.
Biography
John Twisleton was born about 1614, the son and heir of John Twisleton, of Drax and Barley, Yorkshire, and of Horsmans Place in Dartford, and Margaret, daughter of William Constable. He was admitted to Gray's Inn on 3 August 1629.
The Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell created John Twisleton a baronet on 10 April 1658, This dignity was disallowed after the Restoration in May 1660.
He was Sheriff of Kent for the year starting in 1671. He died on 4 December 1682, in his 69th year, and was buried (as "John Twisleton, Esq.") at Dartford. In the south chancel of Holy Trinity Church, Dartford, is a mural monument of white marble erected to his memory.
Family
John Twisleton was married four times:
He married firstly (Lic. London 27 April 1636, he was 22 and she 19), Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Augustine Skinner, of Tolsham, or Tattsham Hall, Kent.
He married secondly, Lucy, 5th daughter of Samuel Dunch, of Baddesley, Berkshire. She was buried at Dartford.
He married thirdly (Lic. Fao. 12 May 1649, she was 18), Elizabeth (died 1674), eldest daughter and co-heir of James, Viscount Saye and Sele. She was buried at Bunhill fields. They had a daughter, Cecil, his only child, who married firstly George Twisleton, of Wormesly in Yorkshire, and secondly of Robert Mignon, and through whom the Baron Saye and Sele is descended.
He married fourthly, Anne, daughter and hier of John Christopher Meyern, a German. After Twisleton death she married Sir John Platt.
Notes
References
Attribution
1614 births
1682 deaths
People from Dartford
Baronets in the Baronetage of England
Members of Gray's Inn |
Monsignor Thomas Maher (25 April 1922 – 25 March 2015) was an Irish Catholic priest and Irish Hurler who played as left wing-forward for the Kilkenny senior team.
Born in Gowran, County Kilkenny, Maher first played competitive hurling during his schooling at St. Kieran's College. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-three when he first linked up with the Kilkenny senior team. He made his senior debut during the 1945 championship. Maher had a brief inter-county career and won one Leinster medal as a non-playing substitute. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.
At club level Maher had a brief career with Castle Rovers and Thomastown.
In retirement from playing Maher became involved in team management and coaching. As trainer and coach of the Kilkenny senior team for over twenty years he guided the team to seven All-Ireland titles, fourteen Leinster titles and three National Hurling League titles. Maher also found much success at club level with Mullinavat and at colleges' level with St. Kieran's College.
Honours
Player
St. Kieran's College
Leinster Colleges Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1939, 1940, 1941
Kilkenny
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1946 (sub)
Leinster
All-Ireland Colleges Senior Hurling Inter-Provincial Championship (1): 1940
Trainer
Mullinavat
Kilkenny Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1984
Kilkenny
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (7): 1957, 1963, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1975
Clerical career
Monsignor Maher studied for the priesthood in Maynooth College and was ordained a Catholic priest for the Diocese of Ossory in 1948, worked as a curate in Dublin before moving back to Kilkenny in 1955 and taught Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry at St Kieran's College, Kilkenny, from 1963, and served as President of St Kieran’s College from 1973 to 1983. He left St Kieran’s to become parish priest of Mullinavat in South Kilkenny where he remained until he retired in 1998. He awarded the church title of Monsignor from the Catholic church.
References
1922 births
2015 deaths
Thomastown hurlers
Kilkenny inter-county hurlers
Leinster inter-provincial hurlers
Kilkenny hurling managers
20th-century Irish Roman Catholic priests
Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth
21st-century Irish Roman Catholic priests
People from Gowran
Christian clergy from County Kilkenny |
Boris Nikolayevich Streltsov (; born 11 December 1943) is a Russian football coach and former player.
Playing career
Streltsov is from Kyrgyzstan. A forward, he started out his playing career in 1961 in FC Alga Bishkek. He retired in 1975 with FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk. During his playing career Streltsov also played for the football team of Kyrgyz SSR.
Coaching career
Streltsov is a Master of Sports of the Soviet Union and Merited Coach of Russia.
In 1976, he became an assistant coach for Spartak. With the fall of the Soviet Union, Streltsov ended up in Ukraine coaching FC Kremin Kremenchuk, but later returned to Russia. The latest club that he coached was FC Kyrgyz-Ata out of Nookatsky District in 2016.
References
External links
1943 births
Living people
Footballers from Bishkek
Kyrgyzstani emigrants to Russia
Soviet men's footballers
Kyrgyzstani men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Alga Bishkek players
FC Zorya Luhansk players
FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk players
FC Dnipro Cherkasy players
Soviet football managers
Russian football managers
FC Metallurg Lipetsk managers
FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk managers
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih managers
FC Krystal Chortkiv managers
FC Kremin Kremenchuk managers
Ukrainian Premier League managers
Russian expatriate football managers
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Kyrgyzstan
Expatriate football managers in Kyrgyzstan
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Expatriate football managers in Ukraine |
The Norfolk Island national rugby league team (or the Pine Trees) is the representative side of Norfolk Island in rugby league football. The Pine Trees are classified as an "observer nation" by the Rugby League International Federation, having been inactive from international competition since 1992 due to a lack of eligible players. As a result, rugby league on Norfolk Island only exists as a junior sport, with the hopes of returning to international competition in the future.
1992 Pacific Cup
Norfolk Island participated in the 1992 Pacific Cup as members of the second pool, pitting them against the New Zealand Māori team, Australian Aborigines, American Samoa, and Tokelau. However, Norfolk Island failed to win a single game in the tournament, scoring 20 points in their 4 games, while conceding 296 points.
1992 Pacific Cup squad - Shaun Goudie (c), Matthew Reeves (vc), Terry Jope, Brendan Christian, Brent Singer, Brendon Cook, Jason Richards, Dylan Menzies, Peter Yager, Jeff Singer, Mickey Sanders, Darren Nicolai, George Nebauer, Kerry Nicholson, Shane Schmitz, John Adams, Ian Kiernan, Paul Dodds, Darren Trickey, Hayden Evans, Brendan King, Brian Buffett, Edan Mackie, Neil Christian and Brentt Jones. Mal Snell (coach), Paul Christian (liaison office) and John Moochie Christian (first aid).
Results
Pacific Cup
Sources
Rugby League Gazette March/April 2003
See also
Sport in Norfolk Island
Rugby league in Australia
References
External links
National rugby league teams
Rugby league representative teams in Australia
Sport in Norfolk Island
Rugby football in Norfolk Island
National sports teams of Norfolk Island |
Timo Torikka (born 1 February 1958, in Kerava) is a Finnish actor. He graduated from the Theatre Academy of Finland in 1982, after which he has worked both on the stage and onscreen. One of his most well known parts is the role of Pentti Saari in Pekka Parikka's film Talvisota (The Winter War, 1989). He also acted in two episodes of French television series Maigret with Bruno Cremer.
Torikka was the writer and director of the 1993 television series Hobitit, an adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings for the Finnish public broadcaster Yle.
In 1997 he worked in the Theatre of Cologne, Germany in Karin Beier's Sturm (Tempest by Shakespeare) and between 2005 and 2007 he played Bill's role in Plus loin que loin ("Further than the furthest thing" by Zinnie Harris) in France.
In 2008 he played one of the principal roles in Mika Kaurismäki's film Kolme viisasta miestä (Three Wise Men).
Partial filmography
Jon (1983)
The Winter War (Talvisota, 1989)
Moomin (Muumilaakson tarinoita, 1990–1992, played Snufkin)
Hobitit (1993 television series, all 9 episodes) as writer and director
Tali-Ihantala 1944 (2007)
Maigret et le fantôme (TV) (1994) : Inspecteur Ari Vaara
Maigret en Finlande (TV) (1996) : Inspecteur Ari Vaara
Three Wise Men (Kolme viisasta miestä, 2008)
Hellsinki (Rööperi, 2009)
The House of Branching Love (Haarautuvan rakkauden talo, 2009)
Brothers (Veljekset, 2011)
August (Elokuu, 2011)
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
People from Kerava
Finnish male actors |
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Function constructor vs. function declaration vs. function expression
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IIFE pattern
Method chaining
Check if a document is done loading
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Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2B gene.
The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is required for post-replicative DNA damage repair. Its protein sequence is 100% identical to the mouse, rat, and rabbit homologs, which indicates that this enzyme is highly conserved in eukaryotic evolution.
Interactions
UBE2B has been shown to interact with RAD18.
References
Further reading |
Timo Cauwenberg (born 2 October 1994) is a Belgian footballer who plays for SV Belisia in the fourth-tier Belgian Division 2 as a left-back.
External links
1994 births
Living people
Belgian men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
A.S. Verbroedering Geel players
Lommel S.K. players
Lierse Kempenzonen players
Challenger Pro League players
Sportspeople from Sint-Truiden
Footballers from Limburg (Belgium) |
Al-Sawwaf () were a Druze family of chiefs active in Mount Lebanon and Wadi al-Taym in the late 15th–early 18th centuries. They were based in the Matn area and historically opposed the Ma'n dynasty and Shihab dynasty. They were eliminated by the latter at the Battle of Ain Dara in 1711.
History
The Sawwafs were based in the village of Chbaniyeh in the Matn area of Mount Lebanon, east of Beirut. They were the descendants of a certain Alam al-Din Sulayman al-Sawwaf ibn Husayn, who was killed in an engagement at Ayn Fujur in Wadi al-Taym in 1478, according to the local Druze chronicler Ibn Sibat (d. 1520). His son Abd al-Wahid and kinsman Zayn al-Din Salih died or were killed in 1503. A Sawwaf muqaddam (local chief) named Qaytbay was mentioned as the chief of the Matn area in an Ottoman document dated to 1558. He raided the home of the Bedouin chief Muhammad ibn al-Hanash in the southern Beqaa Valley in 1568. The following year he was granted the tax farm of the Matn subdistrict of Sidon-Beirut Sanjak. The Ottoman imperial government ordered the governor of Damascus Eyalet to confiscate his rifle stockpiles, along with those of Qurqumaz of the Ma'n dynasty, Mansur of the Assaf dynasty and Qasim of the Shihab dynasty.
During the early 17th century, the Sawwafs formed part of the Druze opposition, along with the Alam al-Dins and Arslans, to the powerful Druze chief, tax farmer and Ottoman governor Fakhr al-Din II. During the latter's exile in 1613–1618, they fought against his Ma'nid kinsmen and took refuge with Yusuf Sayfa in the Krak des Chevaliers after Fakhr al-Din's offensive against them in 1619. The apparent grandson of Qaytbay, Zayn al-Din, militarily supported Ali ibn Muhammad, the grandnephew of Yusuf Sayfa, in his victory against Yusuf's son Assaf in a battle at Iaal near Tripoli in 1634. He was appointed to governorship of Bsharri along with the Maronite chief Abu Awn al-Jumayyil (Abu Aoun Gemayel) in 1641. He and his nephew, the muqaddam Abdullah ibn Qaytbay, were given military charge over Wadi al-Taym alongside the Alam al-Din chiefs Mansur and Muhammad in 1659, following the expulsion of the Shihabs. Abdullah was killed near Beirut in a battle against the Qaysi Druze (the Sawwafs were part of the rival Yaman faction), which included the Ma'ns and Shihabs, in 1667. The traditional Druze rivals of the Sawwafs in the Matn were the Abu'l-Lama muqaddams of Kafr Silwan, allies of the Ma'ns and Shihabs. They fought in the ranks of the Yamani Druze against the Qays led by the Shihabs at the Battle of Ain Dara in 1711. The Yaman were routed, many of the Sawwafs were killed and family survivors fled the Matn and adopted different names.
References
Bibliography
Druze people from the Ottoman Empire
Families from the Ottoman Empire
Matn District
Ottoman period in Lebanon
Lebanese families |
Heart pain (also referred to as cardialgia or cardiodynia) is a general expression for any heart-related sensation of pain, and may in particular refer to:
Angina, insufficient blood flow to the heart muscles causing chest pain
Broken heart, a metaphor for the intense stress or pain one feels at experiencing great longing
Chest pain, pain in any region of the chest, generally considered a medical emergency
Heart attack, lack of blood flow to part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscles
Heartburn, a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen caused by gastric acid
Psychological pain, an unpleasant feeling of a psychological, non-physical origin
See also
Broken heart (disambiguation)
Heart (disambiguation)
Pain in My Heart |
Ganapathi credited as Ganeshkar is a Tamil comedian actor who prominently plays supporting roles. Appearing in many Tamil films (Kollywood), he is also a host for Super 10 on Sun TV in Chennai.
He took part in Kalaignar TV's dance show, Maanada Mayilada, with Aarthi whom he married. They won 500,000 Indian Rupees as a 2nd prize.
Partial filmography
Karimedu Karuvayan (1986)
Manadhil Urudhi Vendum (1987)
Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (1989)
Siva (1989)
En Thangai Kalyani (1989)
Neengalum Herothan (1990)
Nee Pathi Naan Pathi (1991)
Thaiyalkaran (1991)
Sundara Kandam (1992)
Moondravadhu Kann (1993)
Parvathi Ennai Paradi (1993)
Thottil Kuzhandhai (1995)
Avathara Purushan (1996)
Musthaffaa (1996)
Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (2000)
Kovil (2004)
Selvam (2005)
Pori (2007)
Pandhayam (2008)
Nepali (2008)
Nenjathai Killadhe (2008)
Padikkathavan (2009)
Pinju Manasu (2009)
Mambattiyan (2011)
Kazhugu (2012)
Karuppampatti (2013)
Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya (2013)
Arya Surya (2013)
Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal (2014)
Aranmanai (2014)
Dhilluku Dhuddu (2016)
Hello Naan Pei Pesuren (2016)
Mohini (2018)
Chithiram Pesuthadi 2 (2019)
Call Taxi (2021)
Pei Mama (2021)
Television
Meendum Meendum Sirippu
Super 10
Padavarisai 10
Maanada Mayilada
Kasalavu Nesam
Sirippulogam
Bommalattam
Star Wars
Anbe Vaa
Abhiyum Naanum
References
External links
Living people
Tamil male actors
Tamil comedians
Tamil male television actors
Tamil television presenters
Television personalities from Tamil Nadu
Male actors from Chennai
Indian male comedians
Male actors in Tamil cinema
21st-century Tamil male actors
Tamil Reality dancing competition contestants
20th-century Indian male actors
Indian male film actors
Indian male television actors
1978 births |
The Palm Line was a UK-owned shipping line that was engaged in the West African trade from 1949, primarily servicing the ports along 5,000 miles of coastline from Morocco in the north to Angola in the far south. It ceased trading in 1986.
Palm Line was a member of both UK/West Africa Lines Joint Service (UKWAL) and Continent/West Africa Conference (COWAC) together with Elder Dempster, Black Star Line, Nigerian National Shipping Line, Guinea Gulf Line and Norwegian Hoegh Line.
Background
In the post-war period of the late 1940s, UAC decided to divest its shipping fleet to become an independent company in its own right. On 16 February 1949, an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders was held to set up the new company. This was done by reviving the dormant articles of association of the old Southern Whaling and Sealing Company, which Lever Bros. had bought in 1919 then sold to Christian Salvesen Ltd in 1941, and changing the name to Palm Line.
The name of the new company had not been decided upon without considerable discussion. At one stage the name Sun Line had been put forward. It was Mr Frank Samuel, later to become the new company's first chairman who thought of the name 'Palm'.
The Creeks
It is notable that all Palm Line ships, with the exception of Kano Palm and Katsina Palm, built before 1970 had to be less than long in order to navigate the creeks of Nigeria. Draught is another important feature. The coast of West Africa is extremely flat, and the slow-moving rivers and tidal currents have combined to build up long sand bars a mile or two off the coast. To enter most of the rivers, ships must pass over these bars; being the maximum draught to serve all ports. Even so, to enter many rivers, - for example the Escravos River which leads to Sapele - ships cannot carry more than 4,000 tons since the maximum draught to successfully make it over the Escravos Bar is limited to , so vessels would often cross over the bar at the entrance to the adjacent Forcados River, then take the connecting creek to the Escravos River.
Krooboys
It was common practice for all vessels to call in at Freetown both south- and northbound to take on both fuel bunkers and 'Krooboys' - additional local West African crew members; their duties being mainly chipping, painting and hold cleaning. They had their own separate accommodation on deck between hatches 1 & 2, with the headman having his own cabin in the fo'c'sle.
The End
The early 1980s spelled the beginning of the end for Palm Line. From 1982 until 1986 the dramatic drop in Europe / West Africa trade meant the increasing need to charter the vessels out to third parties. Palm Line was sold to Ocean Fleets in 1986. The last Chairman of Palm Lines was Gordon Williams of Pontypool.
Emblem
The palm tree emblem had already been used on a Unilever Ltd house flag designed in 1939.
Merseyside Maritime Museum
From Jun-Dec 2018 the museum had a temporary exhibition entitled 'Palm Line - A new company for a new era', with a scale-model of MV Matadi Palm (1970) as its centrepiece.
The Fleet
Bibliography
References
External links
1911 establishments in England
1986 disestablishments in England
Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom
Palm oil
Former Unilever companies
British companies established in 1969
British companies disestablished in 1986
Transport companies established in 1969
Transport companies disestablished in 1986 |
Malomykolaivka () may refer to the following places in Ukraine:
Malomykolaivka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, village in Synelnykove Raion
Malomykolaivka, Luhansk Oblast, urban-type settlement in Antratsyt Raion |
This is a list of recordings made by the Alexandrov Ensemble (under various titles) since 1928. Within each section (CDs, LPs, 78s etc.) they are in alphabetical order of record labels.
DVDs
Facets: Leningrad Cowboys - Total Balalaika Show
B0007TKHS4 (Region 1 DVD) and B000E8RF24 (Region 2 DVD)
(dir: Aki Kaurismäki. An unusual and humorous rockumentary with the Alexandrov Ensemble and Leningrad Cowboys recorded live on Senate Square Helsinki in 1993, released 10 May 2005, in English, Finnish, French and Russian, 55 mins.)
Included are covers of: Happy Together, Bob Dylan's Knocking on Heaven's Door, Tom Jones' Delilah, ZZ Top's Gimme All Your Lovin' with accordions, Skynyrd's Sweet Home Alabama, Kalinka, Song of the Volga Boatmen, Dark Eyes, Polyushko Pole.
NB. The cover of Stairway to Heaven is missing from this DVD.
Kultur: Soviet Army Chorus and Dance Ensemble
D1106. . B0013N3LIG Region 1 DVD.
(dir: I. Jugashvili. Musical dir: Boris Alexandrov. Compilation of recordings ca.1960 released 29 April 2008, filmed in Soviet Union, in Russian, 71mins. The Russian technique at that time was to make a silent colour film on location, then dub the sound in the studio. However, there are some superb soundtracks here, if a little crackly.)
Forward, On the Way or Let's Go (Choir rocks or sways as if marching. Filmed on Red Square near St Basil's Cathedral, Moscow.)
The Birch Tree (soloist: N.T. Gres. Filmed on location in countryside.)
Under the Elm Tree, Under the Oak (soloist A.T. Sergeev. Filmed on location).
Kamarinskaya (arr. M. Glinka. Balalaika soloist: B.S. Feoktistov. Filmed in studio.)
The Golden Rye (soloist: E.M. Belyaev. Filmed on location.)
Dance of the Soldiers (music: B. Alexandrov. Soundtrack: Alexandrov Ensemble. Ensemble dance troupe filmed in Moscow.)
Listen (soloist N.A. Abramov. Filmed in studio.)
Stenka Razin soloist: A.T. Sergeev. Filmed on location.)
Meadowland (Polyushko Pole) (soundtrack: Alexandrov Ensemble. Filmed on location.)
Down the Peterskaya Road (soloist: A.T. Sergeev. Filmed in studio.)
The Grey Cuckoo (soloist unknown. Filmed on location.)
Dance of the Cossacks (music: B. Alexandrov. Soundtrack: Alexandrov Ensemble. Ensemble dance troupe filmed in Moscow.)
Song of the Volga Boatmen (soloist L. M. Kharitonov. Filmed in studio.)
The Girl Next Door (Alexandrov Ensemble. Filmed on location.)
Kalinka (soloist E.M. Belyaev. Filmed on location.)
Lovely Moonlit Night (soundtrack: Alexandrov Ensemble with soloist E.M. Belyaev. Film of moonlit scene.)
Dance of the Zaporozhye Cossacks (soundtrack: Alexandrov Ensemble. Ensemble dance troupe filmed in studio.)
Forward, On the Way (reprise. Excerpt from track 1.)
Silva America: The Alexandrov Red Army Choir Orchestra - Live in Paris
(SILDV 7004, B00076ON32 Region 1 DVD. Live performance in Paris 16/17 December 2003. Dir: I. Jugashvili. Released 8 February 2005, in English, 124 mins.)
Included are: Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves from Nabucco, Bandits' Chorus from Ernani, Spanish Medley: Amapola y Valencia y Granada, excerpt from Boris Godunov, March of the Toreadors from Carmen, Nessun Dorma from Turandot and Di Quella Pira from Il trovatore, Moscow Nights, Silent Night, Jingle Bells, Smuglianka (duet: S. Ivanov and P. Bogachev) and Kalinka.
CDs
Amiga: Zur Edition
(Released 2007. Compilation celebrating Amiga's 60-year anniversary. 4-CD set with 85 tracks, including the folk song Im schönsten Wiesengrunde sung by V. Nikitin recorded at the August 1948 Peace Concert at the Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin.)
Analekta: The Red Army Chorus, the Best of the Original Ensemble, AN28800
(ASIN: B00005UCGV. Released October 2002; re-released February 2008. Soloists include Barseg Tumanyan. 69 mins. Tracks: Riders' March, Troika, Polyushko Pole, When Soldiers Sing, Nightingales, Dark Eyes, Brave Don Cossacks, from Ernani: Evviva! Beviam! Nel vino cerchiam, The Song of the Volga Boatmen, Russian Song, Kalinka, from Boris Godunov: Hark, 'tis the knell of death, from Carmen: Toreador, Dear Soul, Ukrainian Folk Song, Midnight in Moscow, excerpts from May Night, I Got Plenty o' Nuttin''' from Porgy and Bess, Granada, USSR National Anthem.)
Analekta: The Red Army Chorus, ASIN: B001B5CS7Q
(Released September 2008. Conductors A. Maltsev, I. Agafonnikov. Soloists include Barseg Tumanyan and Peter Gluboky.)
Ariola: The Red Army Ensemble; Royal Albert Hall
(2-CD set. Same content as cassette: "Ariola: The Red Army Ensemble, Royal Albert Hall, 503 278" - see below.)
Ariola - released through BMG Enterprises. (c)(b) 1988 BMG Records 353 278 - set of two discs
Bella: Boris Alexandrov Ensemble & Russian State Choir, ASIN: B00000AZLO
(Released October 1995.)
Bellaphon: Russland, wie es singt und lacht 288.05.017
(Released 1990. Conductor B. Alexandrov. Included are; Dance Dance, Suliko, Winter Evening (1951) (soloist V. Nikitin).)
BMG France: Les Choeurs de L'Armée Rouge 74321423482
(Released 1996. 2-CD set. Conductor: B. Alexandrov. Included tracks are: Polyushko Pole, Along the Peterskaya Road, Katyusha, Kalinka, Oh You Rye, The Elm and the Oak, Dark Eyes, The Birch, In a Sunny Field, Rough Sea Spray (duet E. Belyaev and A. Kusleev), Crane.)
Le Chant du Monde: Les Choeurs de L'Armée Rouge à Paris, LDX274768
(dir: Boris Alexandrov, recorded Paris 1960, released 1961, re-released 1993):The Birch Tree () (1960)Chant des Partisans () (1960)Cold Waves Lapping () (1960)Ukraine Poem () (1960)On the Way () (1960)Soldiers' Choir from Faust () (1960)Leaving Song () (1960)Polyushko Pole (Oh Fields My Fields) (, Ma Plaine) (1960)The Grey Cuckoo () (1960)Song of Youth () (1960)The Neighbour () (1960)Along the Peterskaya Road () (1960)The Liberation Song () (1960)
The Eastern Front: Letters From the Front, Front 003
(Compilation of original recordings alternating with modern atmospheric artworks, released May 9, 2006 "to celebrate the 61st Anniversary of Great Victory in World War II". Dedicated to Soviet fighters and their allies in World War II. Sold in a thick A3 paper, folded into a triangle to imitate the triangular-folded World War II servicemen's letters from the Soviet front. A facsimile World War II photo of Soviet servicemen is included. The CD contains a bonus video of the Moscow Victory Parade of 1945. CD in Russian; paper cover in English.)Discogs: Eastern Front, Letters from the Front 003
Invasion: V. Molotov's speech upon Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)
Svyaschennaya Voyna, or Sacred War (music: A. Alexandrov). Alexandrov Ensemble (June 1941)
Letter 1 (Westwind, France, 2005).
Call for Defence (Joseph Stalin's speech, 1941).
In a Front Zone Forest (G. Vinogradov, 1945).
Everything is For the Front (Joseph Stalin's speech, 1941).
Letter II (Westwind, France, 2005).
Oh Roads (G. Abramov, 1945).
Letter III (Westwind, France, 2005).
Wait for Me (G. Vinogradov, 1942).
Letter IV (Westwind, France, 2005).
This is the Soviet Information Bureau . . . (Yuri Levitan's broadcast, February 1943, after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad).
Night Over Leningrad (Klavdiya Shulzhenko, 1942).
Two Maxims (G. Vinogradov, 1942).
It was time to forget, inspired by Konstantin Simonov's poem Wait For Me, 1941 (Storm of Capricorn, 2005/06).
Lizaveta (P. Kirichek, 1943).
Nothing bad can happen to me, inspired by Dark Night, originally sung by M. Bernes in the Soviet movie Two Soldiers, 1942. (Neon Rain, France 2005/06).
Song of a Front Truck Driver (M. Bernes, 1945).
Soldier's Father (Silence and Strength, Israel, 2006).
Volchovskaya Drinking Song (Unknown soloist, 1942).
The War Went On . . . (Silence and Strength, Israel 2006).
Song of the Soviet Army, or Invincible and Legendary (music: A. Alexandrov) (Alexandrov Ensemble, 1945).
Victory (Yuri Levitan's broadcast, May 9, 1945, the day when the Soviet Union marked V-E Day, and the Red Army entered Prague.).
EMI Angel: Volga Boat Song. Soviet Army Chorus and Band, CC30-9078. Out of print
(Same contents as EMI CDC-7-47833-2)
EMI: Soviet Army Chorus & Band, CDC-7-47833-2 DIDX-1015
(dir: Boris Alexandrov, recorded 1956/1963, compiled 1986):Song of Youth (1956)The Birch Tree (1956) (soloist: I. Didenko)Far Away (1956) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Song of the Volga Boatmen (1956) (soloist: A. Eisen)You Are Always Beautiful (1956) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Along Peterskaya Street (1956) (soloist: A. Sergeev)It's a Long Way to Tipperary (1956) (soloist: K. Gerasimov)Ah Lovely Night (1956) (soloist: N. Polozkov)Kamarinskaya (1963) (Balalaika soloist: B.S. Feoktistov)Annie Laurie (1963) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Polyushko Pole (Song of the Plains/Meadowland) (1956)Kalinka (1956) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Bandura (1956) (soloists: I. Savchuk; V. Fedorov)Oh No John (1956) (soloist is not named on CD packaging)Snowflakes (1956)(soloist: I. Didenko)Ukrainian Poem (1956) (soloist: A. Sergeev)Soldiers' Chorus from The Decembrists (by Yuri Shaporin) (1956)
EMI Classics: Red Army Ensemble, 0946-3-92030-2-4
(dir: Boris Alexandrov. Most tracks recorded London 1956 (The Ensemble's first UK visit); a few in 1963 and 2007. Compiled 2007):Voce del leone webpage: Review of /EMI Classics CD: Red Army EnsembleMusicweb International CD review of EMI Classics 3 92031 2Song of Youth (1956)A Birch Tree (1956) (soloist: I. Didenko)Far Away (1956) (soloist: E. Belyaev)You Are Always Beautiful (1956) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Kalinka (1956) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Along Peterskaya Street/Road (1956) (soloist: A. Sergeev)Bandura (1956) (soloists: I. Savchuk; V. Fedorov)Soldiers' Chorus (1956)Beautiful Moonlit Night (1963) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Kamarinskaya (1963) (Balalaika soloist: B.S. Feoktistov)Annie Laurie (1963) (soloist: E. Belyaev)Black Eyebrows (1956) (soloist: I. Savchuk)Ukrainian Poem (1956) (soloist: A. Sergeev)Oh No John (1956) (soloist: A. Eisen)Song of the Plains/Meadowland or Polyushko Pole (1956)Snowflakes (1956) (soloist: I. Didenko)Song of the Volga Boatmen (1956) (soloist: A. Eisen)Nut-brown Maiden (1956) (soloists: N. Abramov; I. Savchuk)The Little Bells (1956) (soloist: N. Abramov)If I Had a Hammer (1956) (soloist: A. Sergeev)It's a Long Way to Tipperary (1956) (soloist: K. Gerasimov)God Save the Queen (2007)
EMI France: Les Choeurs de L'Armée Rouge, 8334342
(Conductor: Boris Alexandrov. Apparently much of this is re-mastered 1956 tracks from EMI CDC-7-47833-2. . Soloists include: Evgeny Belyaev and Ivan A. Didenko).
Included are: Kalinka, Lovely Moonlit Night, Along the Peterskaya Road, Kamarinskaya, You Are Always Beautiful, Cossack Dance, Ukrainian Poem, Song of Youth, The Birch Tree, Bandura, Oh No John, Song of the Volga Boatmen, Annie Laurie and the Soldiers' Chorus from The Decembrists.
Ensemble Independent: 70th Anniversary: The Alexandrov Red Army Chorus, AA980001-2
(2-CD set. Compilation released 1998, 70yrs after the Ensemble was created in 1928. Conductors: Boris Aleksandrov, Igor Agafonnikov, Victor Fyodorov. Packaging includes information booklet in Russian, English, French and German. Included are: The Birch, Katyusha, Little Bells, Polyushko Pole, Sacred War (Svyaschennaya Voyna), Samovars, Along the Road to Peterskaya, Nightingales, Kalinka, Rough Sea Spray (duet E. Belyaev and A. Kusleev), Nut Brown Girl, The Elm and the Oak, Road, Black Eyes, Let's Go!.)
Forever Gold: The Red Army Choir, FG317
(Dir: Boris Alexandrov i.e. pre-1987, compiled 2005):KalinkaBeautiful Mum ()The Birch Tree ()KalinouchkaPolyushko Pole (Oh Fields My Fields) (, Ma Plaine)Listen ()DoubinouchkaChant des Partisans ()Out of the Woods ()Funeral Song ()
HMV Classics: Red Army Favourites, HMV5730452
(Same contents as EMI CDC-7-47833-2).
Madacy: Alexandrov Red Army Chorus and Dance Ensemble 1, Live, ASIN: B00063QKEQ
(Released January 1992. Tracks: O Canada, USSR National Anthem, Sailor Dance, Ukrainian Poem, Festive March, Palekh Box, Cossack Song, Do Russians Want War?, Mon Pays, Cossack Cavalry Dance.)
Madacy: Alexandrov Red Army Chorus and Dance Ensemble 2, Live, ASIN: B00063QCEO
(Released January 1992. Tracks: Love Lights the World, Dance of the Cossacks, Sorochinskaya Market, Holiday March, Partisan Song, Song of the Volga Boatmen, Black Eyebrows, Cossack Song, Ukrainian Folk Song.)
Melodiya: Sacred War (in Russian), MELCD60-00938/1
(Compiled and released 2005, for the 60th anniversary of 1945. Military songs. ASIN: B000P3TD5U. Only 5 songs are by the Alexandrov Ensemble: Nos 1,3,11,12,19.)Translated Japanese webpage: Melodiya MELCD60-00938/1
Echelon song: Holy War or Svyaschennaya Voyna (Russian Священная война) (Alexandrov Ensemble)
Two Maxims () (soloist G. Vinogradov)
Oh the Road (, дороги) (soloist G. Vinogradov)
Odessa: Love is Shrouded in Mist (soloist K. Lisovsky)
In the Dugout or Zemlyanka () (soloist Vladimir Troshin)
Sinij platochek (soloist Klavdiya Shul'zhenko)
Tyomnaya noch (soloist Mark Bernes)
Treasured Stone () (soloist Yuri Bogatikov)
Zhdi menya (soloist Yuri Gulyaev)
Rustling Bryansk Forest () (soloist G. Abramov)
Artillery March () (Alexandrov Ensemble)
Goodbye City and Hut (, города и хаты) (Alexandrov Ensemble)
Come On () (soloist Klavdiya Shul'zhenko)
Accidental Waltz () (soloist L. Utyosov)
Song of the Front Driver (soloist Mark Bernes)
My Favourite () (soloist S.Lemeshev)
Song of a War Correspondent (soloist L.Utyosov)
In a Sunny Forest Clearing/Meadow () (soloist E.Flaks)
Nightingales () (Alexandrov Ensemble; soloist E.Belyaev)
It's a Long Time Since We Weren't Home () (duet: V. Bunchikov and V. Nechaev).
Melodiya: Wartime Choruses, in memory of 9th May 1945, MCD207, Out of print
(Probably released 1985, 40yrs after 1945. Conductor: Boris Aleksandrov. Included are: Sacred War or Svyaschennaya Voyna, Song of the Dnieper, In the Sunny Field, Road, Evening on the Roadstead, Nightingales (soloist E. Belyaev.)
Melodiya Russian: 50th Anniversary of Victory Day 1945, RDCD00434
(Released 1995. Conductor: B. Aleksandrov. Only 4 songs are by the Alexandrov Ensemble. Included are: Nightingale (soloist E. Belyaev), Evening on the Roadstead, Where Are Your Arms, Take the Mantle.)
Melodiya Military Archives Records: Red Army Ensemble Military Music, MAR-RAM1967
(2-CD set. Recorded 1963/67. Release date possibly 1967. Conductor: B. Aleksandrov. Included are: Sacred War (Svyaschennaya Voyna), Polyushka Pole, Evening in Moscow Suburbs, Song of Youth, USSR National Anthem, Let's Go!, Kalinka, Moonlight, Soldiers' chorus from the opera Faust, You Are Always Beautiful, Nightingales (soloist E. Belyaev), Soldiers' chorus from the opera The Decembrists, Along the Peterskaya Road.)
Melodiya Bomba: Best Lyric Songs, BoMB033-204
(Compilation, released 2006. Conductor B. Aleksandrov. Soloists include V.I. Anisimov. Included are: unknown song (duet L.M. Kharitoniv and I.S. Bukreev), I Took You Into the Tundra (soloist I.S. Bukreev or E.M. Belyaev), unknown song (soloist A.T. Sergeev), Let's Go!, Sky-Blue Eyes (1978) (soloist I.S. Bukreev), You Are Always Beautiful (soloist E.M. Belyaev), Our Friends (soloist E.M. Belyaev), Before the Long Journey (soloist E.M. Belyaev), Nightingale (soloist E.M. Belyaev), Nut Brown Girl, Fatherland (soloist B. Shapenko), Crane (soloist V.L. Ruslanov).)
Melodiya: Eh Dorogi, MELCD6000615
(Compilation released 2006. Recorded 1948–65. In Russian 75 mins. Not all tracks are by Alexandrov Ensemble. Included are: Track 1. Sacred War or Svyaschennaya Voyna, 3. Front Line in the Forest (soloist G. Vinogradov), 5. Friends (soloist E. Belyaev), 7. John Cornflower (soloists L. Kharitonov and I. Bukreev), 9. Treasured Stone (soloist M. Reyes), 12. Rustling Bryansk Forest (soloist G. Abramov), 17. Evening on the Roadstead (soloists V. Bunchikov and V. Nechaev), 19. Katyusha (soloist G. Vinogradov), Oh Roads or Eh Dorogi (soloist G. Vinogradov).)
Melodiya: Kalinka, Popular Russian Songs, ASIN: B000E1JO0W
(Released 2000.)
Melodiya: Moonlight Over Moscow, ASIN: B000003ETF
(Released July 1996. Conductor B. Alexandrov with USSR State Russian Choir and other conductors. Soloists: Ivan Petrov, Evgeny Nesterenko, Artur Eisen, Paata Burchuladze. Tracks are: Kalinka, Polyushko Pole, Monotonously Rings The Bell, Song of the Volga Boatmen (soloist I. Petrov), Twelve Robbers, Warsovienne, Ah Nastassia, A Birch Tree In The Field, Stenka Razin, Steppe Oh Steppe Around, Along Peterskaya Road, Red Sarafan, Poem Of The Ukraine, Such A Moonlight Night, Farewell My Sweetheart, Suliko, En Route.)
Olympia: Slavonic Farewell, MKM 85
(Released 2003. Conductor Igor Agafonnikov. Tracks are: Following song (M. Glinka, N. Kukolnik), Soldier's song from the opera The Decembrists (Y. Shaporin), The Sun has Disappeared Behind the Mountain (M. Blanter, A. Kovalenko), Nightingales (V. Soloviev-Sedoi, A. Fatianov), Field (L. Knipper, V. Gusev), Along the Valleys and Mountains (Partisan song, arr. by A. Aleksandrov), Doncy-guys (Traditional song, arr. by B. Aleksandrov), Rock (Traditional song, arr. by B. Aleksandrov), The Cossack Was Riding over Dunai (Traditional song, arr. by V. Ogarkov), My Beloved One Lives (Traditional song, arr. by V. Ogarkov), Dark Eyes (Traditional song, arr. by V. Ogarkov), Twelve Robbers (Traditional song, words by N. Nekrasov, arr. by V. Ogarkov), The Bell is Ringing Monotonously (Traditional song, arr. by A. Sveshnikov), I Will Harness a Troika of Swift Steeds (Traditional song, words by N. Nekrasov, arr. by V. Ogarkov), Slavyanka Partying (V. Agapkin, V. Fedotov), Masculine Boldness Went on the Spree (From the opera "Boris Godunov" by M. Mussorgsky)
Olympia: Wartime Choruses: Alexandrov Song and Dance Ensemble of the Soviet Army, ASIN: B000Y15TLU
(Release date unknown. Russian songs from World War II.)
Silva Classics: The Best of the Red Army Choir, SILKD6034
(Compiled 2001/02. Conductors: V. Fedorov; B. Alexandrov; I. Agafonnikov; Y. Petrov; A. Maltsev; K. Vinogradov; E. Misailov; N. Mikhailov; E. Pitianko; V. Korobko; V. Samsonenko)
Disk 1
Kalinka (soloist: V. Shtefoutsa)
Chant des Partisans
Suliko
Korobelniki (soloist: V. Shtefoutsa)
On the Road
My Country (soloist: L. Pehenitchni)
The Red Army is the Strongest
Moscow Nights (soloist: I. Bukreev)
Along Peterskaya Street/Road (soloist: A. Sergeev)
Smuglianka (soloists: S. Ivanov; P. Bogachev)
Troika (soloist: B. Jaivoronok)
Ah Nastassia (soloist: A. Sergeev)
Echelon Song
My Army
Civil War Songs (The Red Cavalry (soloist: S. Frolov), Beyond the River, Hello on the Way)
Bella Ciao (soloists: I. Bukreev; P. Slastnoi)
Disk 2
National Anthem of the Soviet Union
Polyushko Pole, (Oh Fields My Fields)
The Cliff
The Cossacks
In the Central Steppes (soloist: E. Belyaev)
Gandzia (soloist: B. Jaivoronok)
Cossack Song
The Roads (soloist: A. Martinov)
Song of the Volga Boatmen (soloist: A. Eisen)
Dark Eyes (soloist: V. Gavva) (trumpet soloist: A. Molostov)
Let's Go (from the film Maxime Perepelitsa. The one in which the choir rocks as if marching.)
The Birch Tree (soloist: K. Lisovski)
The Road Song
The Samovars (soloists: S. Ivanov; P. Bogachev)
Varchavianka
Slavery and Suffering
Silva Screen: Alexandrov Red Army Choir & Orchestra Live in Paris 0738572603823
(Released 2005. Live recording, possibly 1960. Tracks: Overture Russian National Anthem, Polyushko Pole, Sacred War or Svyaschennaya Voyna, In the Sunny Clearing, Kalinka, We Sing to Thee, On the Road, Smuglianka, Partisan Song, Along the Peterskaya Road, Dark Eyes, Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves from Nabucco, Bandits Chorus, Spanish medley, excerpt from Boris Godunov, March of the Toreadors from Carmen, Nessun Dorma from Turandot, Di quella pira from Il trovatore, Katyusha, Moscow Nights.)
Soldore: Les Choeurs de L'Armée Rouge, SOL620
(Released 2003 in France; packaging in French. Re-released 2005 in UK and Germany under different cover, but still in French. Conductor B. Alexandrov, but some songs arr. by A.V. Alxandrov. Soloists include N. Abramov and A. Sergeev. Included are: The Birch, Kalinka (soloist V. Nikitin), Polyushko Pole, Partisan Song, Belle Maman, Dubinushka.)
Supraphon: Alexandrovci, The A.S.D.E. in Prague, SU5471-2 301
(Originally recorded 1946–1951 in Prague's Domovina studio, ready for the Ensemble's Czech tour 1952; except tracks 18/22 in unknown studio 1946. After the Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948, the music of Russia was being brought into Czechoslovakia on a much larger scale than previously. This compilation released Jan 2003.)Translated Japanese website: Supraphon SU5471-2 301.
Guard Song (music by A.V. Alexandrov) (duet K.G. Gerasimov; V.V. Puchkov) (1951)
Long Live Our Land (music by B.A. Alexandrov) (duet G.I. Babaev; V.V. Puchkov) (1951)
I Loved You (soloist V.P. Vinogradov) (1951)
I Look Up in the Sky (soloist I.I. Savchuk) (1951)
A Tiny Village I See (1951)
Peace Shield (1951)
The Oath (music by V. Alexandrov) (soloist Benjamin Bycheev) (1951)
Mary: Romance (soloist V.N. Katerinsky) (1951)
Winter Evening (soloist V.I. Nikitin) (1951)
Stenka Razin arr. B.A. Alexandrov (soloist A.T. Sergeev) (1951)
Far From the Town's Bustle (soloist V.P. Vinogradov) (1951)
Rolling on to Prague (1951)
Green Grass (soloist G.I. Babaev) (1951)
Uncle Nitwit (soloist A.T. Sergeev) (1951)
Song of the Mayor (from Rimsky-Korsakov's May Night) (soloist V.V. Puchkov) (1951)
Song of the Volga Boatmen (1951)
Sacred War or Svyaschennaya Voyna (music by A.V. Alexandrov) (1948)
Resistance Fighters Song (arr. B.A. Alexandrov) (1946)
Troika (soloist V.I. Nikitin) (1948)
Song of Peace (music by Shostakovich) (1950)
Song of my Country (music by Shostakovich) (soloist V.P. Vinogradov) (listed as 1952)
Polyushko Pole (1946).
Teldec Japan: Moscow Nights, Red Star Red Army Chorus WPCC-5349, Out of print
(Recorded 1992. Conductor is not B. Alexandrov. Included are: Russian National Anthem, The Birch, Stenka Razin, Suliko, Oh You Rye (soloist E.M. Belyaev).)
Teldec: Kalinka, Red Star Red Army Chorus, 090317730721
(Released Sept 1992. Artists are: Evgeny Belyaev, Evgeny Grekhov, Nikolai Nizienko, Sergei Dzhemelinsky, Valery Zazhigin, Vladimir Deshko. 67 mins. Tracks are: Regimental Polka, Kalinka, Symphony no 4 in D major, Op. 41 Poem of the Komsomol Fighter: Polyushko Pole, Song of the Volga Boatmen, The Sun Set Behind a Mountain, Swallow (Armenian Folksong), Pine Trees are Rustling, Kamarinskaya, Brave Don Cossacks, Wait For Your Soldier, Dark Eyes, Someone's Horse is Standing There, In the Sunny Meadow, The Cliff, Tale of Tsar Saltan: Suite, Op. 57 - Flight of the Bumblebee, Dark Eyebrows, Dubinushka, Song of the Volga, On the March.)
Victor Entertainment: Russian Folk Songs, VICP-41059-60
(2-CD set. Released 1998. Only 9 of the tracks are by the Alexandrov Ensemble under conductor B. Alexandrov. The rest are by the Song and Dance Ensemble of the Moscow Military District, led by E. Victor. Tracks by the Alexandrov Ensemble include: Moscow, Ah Nastassia, Nut Brown Girl, Death of Varyag, Oh You Rye (soloist E. Belyaev), Little Bells, Rough Sea Spray, Along the Peterskaya Road (soloist S. Frolov), Song of the Volga Boatmen.)
Victor Entertainment: VICS-60006-10
(5-CD set of 80 Russian folk songs, in which the Alexandrov Ensemble under conductor B. Alexandrov features on the 2nd and 3rd CDs. Tracks by the Alexandrov Ensemble include: Ah Nastassia, Let's Go, Evening on the Roadstead, Troika, Nut Brown Girl, Rough Sea Spray (duet: E. Belyaev and A. Kusleev), Tanks, Men, Oh You Rye, Cantata Alexander Nevsky from My Homeland (by Alexandrov).)
Unknown label: МК-МУЗЫКА MKM117
(Recorded 1956/63. Released 2002. In Russian. Conductor: B. Aleksandrov. Included are: Song of Youth, Annie Laurie, The Birch, Kalinka, Bandura, You Are Always Beautiful, Oh No John, Road to Peterskaya, Soldiers chorus from The Decembrists, Kamarinskaya. Soloists include E. Belyaev.)
Back to Alexandrov Ensemble page, or to Alexandrov Ensemble soloists' page.
Audio cassettes
Ariola: The Red Army Ensemble, Royal Albert Hall, 503 278
(Recorded London 24–26 March 1988; released 1988. 2-cassette set. A leaflet is included, with images showing that this is the same performance as in Prism VHS PLATV310. The VHS shows 32–36 in the choir, but the Ariola cassette leaflet lists 50 named choristers.)
1A: British National Anthem, Russian National Anthem, Polyushko Pole (Russian Fields), Song of the Volga Boatmen, Festive Overture, My Motherland (soloist Igor Miroshnichenko), Parade on Red Square (duet V. Liksakov, A. Krush).
1B: Barinya, Live and Don't Be Sad (soloist Galina Chernoba), Above Clear Fields (soloist Galina Chernoba), Yesterday (soloist Alexei Trubochkin), Di quella pira from Il trovatore (soloist Stepan Fitsych), La donna e mobile from Rigoletto (soloist Stepan Fitsych), No John (soloist V. Liksakov), Brave Soldiers (soloist V. Kuleshov).
2A: Unharness Your Horses Oh Guys, Cossack Dance, Cold Waves Lapping (Varyag), Quiet Quiet from Rigoletto, Korobeiniki (duet Tatiyana Tishura, Mikolai Polozkov), Serenade of the Stutterer (K-K-K-Katy) (actor A. Berezniak).
2B: Cossack Goes to the Danube (soloist A. Solovyanenko), 'O Sole Mio (soloist A. Solovyanenko), Amapola, Kalinka, Soldiers Friendship Dance, Auld Lang Syne (duet Nikolai Ustin, V. Postinikov), Kalinka (reprise).
Fiesta: Song of Russia, ASIN: B00006AWIT, Out of print
(Released 1990.)
VHS
Kultur: Soviet Army Chorus and Dance Ensemble
V1106 (now available as DVD B000ETRA2S - see above).
(dir: I. Jugashvili. Compilation of earlier recordings, filmed in Soviet Union, in Russian, 78mins. Conductor: Boris Alexandrov. Soloists include Evgeny Belyaev.)
Included are: On the Way, The Birch Tree, Kamarinskaya (balalaika soloist: Boris Feoktistov), Oh You Rye (soloist: E. Belyaev), Dance of the Seven Soldiers, Listen (soloist: Abramov), Stenka Razin (soloist: A. Sergeev), Polyushko Pole, Along the Road to Peterskaya (soloist: A. Sergeev), Song of the Volga Boatmen (soloist: L. M. Kharitonov) The Grey Cuckoo, Dance of the Cossacks, Kalinka, Beautiful Moonlit Night (soloist: E. Belyaev), Cossack Dance.
Prism Leisure Corporation: The Red Army Ensemble, Video Special, PLATV310
(Released 1990. Recorded London 1988. 60 mins. Dir. Rod Taylor. Principal conductor: Vladimir Gordeev. No information leaflet. Video shows choir of up to 36; orchestra and dance troupe are the usual size, though. When the tour reached Leicester, the small audience talked of rumours of 20-25 defections by Ensemble members, and of V. Kuleshov and his own choristers stepping in to partially fill the gap. Video programme includes a selection of 10 acts, taken from a list of 26 songs and dances listed on the box: 1. Dance (possibly Soldiers Friendship dance); 2. Cossack Goes to the Danube (soloist Anatoly Solovyanenko); 3. Dance (possibly Gopak - Ukrainian); 4. Two-Eskimos-fighting dance; 5. Dance (possibly Kazak); Brave Soldiers (soloist Victor Kuleshov); 7. Sailors' Dance; 8. Serenade of a Stutterer (K-K-K-Katy) (actor Alexandr Bereznyak) image; 9. Dance (possibly Kamarinskaya); 10. Kalinka (soloist Anatoly Solovyanenko).)
Singles and EPs
Singles (7inch, 45rpm)
Columbia: The Soviet Army Ensemble, SEL1605
(Release date unknown. Cover has photo of B. Alexandrov conducting choir.)
Melodiya: The Alexandrov Song and Dance Ensemble of the Soviet Army, 45C-001211-2
(Recorded/released ca. 1960. Sleeve notes in |Russian, English and French. B. Alexandrov pictured on sleeve. Tracks are: Stenka Razin, Aye Twas on the Hill, The Oak and the Elm.)
EPs (45rpm)
Columbia: The Red Army Ensemble, SEL1706
(Conductor B. Alexandrov. Tracks are: Polyushko Pole, Annie Laurie, Kamarinskaya, The Courageous Don Cossacks.)
Radio DDR 1 (Gesellschaft für DSF): Auf gutem Weg Mit Guten Freunden, 4 30 033 4 30 033
(Songs recorded Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin, August 1948, at the Berlin Peace Concert; speeches recorded 1988. Never released, but "given away as present for some members of the organisation Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft (DSF)" in 1988. Different cat. no. on sleeve: 4 35 033. Conductor: B. Alexandrov. Images of sleeve. Mückenberger has signed the front, but that is not Nikitin's signature on the back. The photo on the back shows the Alexandrov Ensemble and female dancers among great crowds beneath the facade of a ruined cathedral.).
A1: Speech by Erich Mückenberger. Als Präsident Der Gesellschaft Für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft Überreiche Ich Ihnen In Anerkennung Ihrer Verdienste Um Unsere Herzenssache Diese Schallplatte. Erich Mückenberger was chairman of the German-Soviet Friendship Society 1978–1989, and this is his introduction to the recordings.
A2: Im Schönsten Wiesengrunde (soloist V. Nikitin).
B1: Ich Freue Mich, Ihnen Mein Lied Zu Singen (soloist V. Nikitin): not a song, but a spoken introduction by Nikitin to his performance of Kalinka.
B2: Kalinka (soloist V. Nikitin).
LPs
Artia: The Red Army Marches in Hi-Fi
(ASIN: B001HKF32M. Release date unknown.)
Columbia: The Soviet Army Ensemble Volumes 1 & 2, 33C 1049 and 1050
10 inch LPs. Volume 1: 8 tracks. Side 1: Song of Youth, A Birch-tree in a field did stand (soloist I. Didenko), Far Away (soloist E. Belyaev), You are always beautiful (soloist E. Belyaev). Side 2: Kalinka (soloist E. Belyaev), Along Peter's Street (soloist A. Sergeyev), Bandura (soloists I. Savchuk and V. Fedorov), Soldier's Chorus (from The Decembrists, an opera by Y. Shaparin). Volume 2: 9 tracks. Side 1: Black Eyebrows (soloist I. Savchuk), Ukrainian Poem (soloist A. Sergeyev), Oh, no! John! (soloist A. Eizen), Over the Fields. Side 2: Volga Boat Song (soloist A. Eizen), Nut-brown Maiden (soloists N. Abramov and I. Savchuk), The Little Bells (soloist N. Abramov), Song of the Hammer (soloist A. Sergeyev), Tipperary (soloist K. Gerasimov).
Columbia: The Red Army Ensemble, SAX 2487 or 33CX 1844
(Recorded 1959; released 1963. Conductor B. Alexandrov, choirmaster K. Vinogradov, orchestral conductor V. Alexandrov. 11 tracks. Side 1: The Courageous Don Cossacks, Beautiful Moonlit Night (soloist E. Belyaev), Kamarinskaya (balalaika soloist B.S. Feoktistov), Ah Lovely Night (soloist N. Polozkov), You Are Always Beautiful (soloist E. Belyaev), Kalinka (soloist E. Belyaev). Side 2: A Birch Tree Stood in the Meadow, Polyushko Pole, Poem of Ukraine, Annie Laurie, Zaporozhtsi Dance.)Ebay.com: Columbia SAX 2487. Temporary URL; citation 29 April 2009.
Columbia: The Red Army Ensemble Vol 2, 33C1066
(Released 1964. Conductor B. Alexandrov.)
EMI Angel: The Red Army Ensemble Vol.2, S36143. Out of print
(ASIN: B001OOKHCM. Most tracks recorded live in London 1963. Much information on back of sleeve. Release date unknown. Conductor: B. Aleksandrov. Included are: Moscow Thunder, Moonlight, Polyushko Pole, Kamarinskaya, Ukrainian Poem (1956), That Night, Annie Laurie, You Are Always Beautiful, Cossack dance, Kalinka. Soloists include E. Belyaev.)Amazon.com: EMI Angel S36143
EMI Angel HMV: The Soviet Army Ensemble, SXLP30062
(Recorded and/or released 1956. Conductor: V. Alexandrov; choirmaster K. Vinogradov; musical director V. Alexandrov. Tracks include: Song of Youth, A Birch Tree In A Field Did Stand (soloist I. Didenko), Far Away (soloist E. Belyaev), Song of the Volga Boatmen (soloist A. Eisen), You Are Always Beautiful (soloist E. Belyaev), Along Peterskaya Street (soloist A. Sergeev), It's a Long Way to Tipperary (soloist K. Gerasimov), Kalinka, Bandura, Oh No John, Snow Flakes, Ukrainian Poem, Soldiers' Chorus.)Ebay.com: EMI Angel/HMV SXLP30062. Temporary URL, citation 29 April 2009.
Melodiya: The Ensemble's 50th Anniversary set of 2 LPs, 33C60-11207-10. Out of print
(Recorded 1978. Soloists include Evgeny Belyaev, Stanislav I. Frolov and Alexei T. Sergeev. Included are: Nightingale, Kalinka).
Melodiya: 50th Anniversary set of 2 LPs, 33C20-08027-30, Out of print
(Recorded 1978. Conductor B. Aleksandrov. Soloists include I.S. Bukreev. Tank, Oh You Rye, Let's Go!, Soldier's chorus from the opera Faust, Nightingale (soloist E. Belyaev), Kalinka, Song of Youth, Crane, extract from Dubinushka (soloist A.T. Sergeev), Along the Peterskaya Road.)
Melodiya: 60th Anniversary 2-LP set, C60-08163-6, Out of print
(Released ca.1977, 60yrs after 1917. Conductor B. Alexandrov. Included are: Polyushko Pole, Sacred War (Svyaschennaya Voyna), Nightingale (soloist E. Belyaev), Victory (soloist V. L. Ruslanov), Kalinka, Road of the Soldiers (duet I. S. Bukreev and E. M. Labkovsky), Dark Eyes (soloist L. M. Kharitonov), Heart of the Sailor (soloist V. I. Anisimov), Song of Russia (soloist B. Shapenko), Crane, Catalina (soloist E. M. Belyaev), Dance Dance (soloist V. L. Ruslanov), Let's Join the Army (duet I. S. Bukreev and P. D. Bogachev).)
Melodiya: The Alexandrov Song and Dance Ensemble C-01235-6, Out of print
(Conductor B. Aleksandrov. Soloists include I.I. Savchuk and G.P. Vinogradov. Included are: Stenka Razin, Kalinka, Bandura, The Birch, Moonlight, The Elm and the Oak, Hey Girl (soloist E.M. Belyaev).)
Melodiya: Red Banner, the Soviet Army, Apeksans Androva
(In Polish. Release date unknown. ASIN: B001RH5N2K. Ten songs; five on each side.)
Melodiya: The Alexandrov Ensemble, Stenka Razin and other famous Russian folk songs, OS 2140
(Release date unknown.)
Melodiya: Alexandrov Song and Dance Ensemble of the Soviet Army, CM 02873-4
(Release date unknown. Conductor B. Alexandrov.)
Saga: The Alexandrov Ensemble, EROS8066
(Soloists include Ivan Skobtsov, Baritone. Included are: I see a Village, Uncle Nimra, Little Onion.)
Sounds Superb/Music For Pleasure: Cossack Patrol, SPR 90022
Printed 1966 (12 tracks including: Cossack Patrol, The Cliff, Evening On The Roadstead, The Sun Has Set Behind The Hill, You Are Ever Lovely and John Reed Walks In Petrograd.)
Sounds Superb/Music For Pleasure: The Red Army Choir Conducted by Alexandrov, MFP 2089
(Release date unknown)
Supraphon: Alexandrov Song and Dance Ensemble, SUA-ST51182 or SUA 11182, Out of print
(Recorded ca.1960. Conductor B. Aleksandrov. Czech label. Included are: Moonlight, Song of Youth, Song of Russia, Sing Soldier! (soloist E.M. Belyaev), Let's Go!.)
Vox: Red Army Ensemble
(Release date unknown. ASIN: B001BMHL26)
Vox: Red Army Ensemble, STPL 515.090
(Released 1960s, conductor B. Alexandrov. Stereo. Included are: Song of the Volga Boatmen, Troika, Polyushko Pole, Doubinouchka, They are Valiant, Seven Sons-in-Law, Soviet National Anthem, Song of the Prisoner, Under the Oak Tree, Nightingales, Sing Soldier.)
78s
ASCH-Stinson: From Border to Border and The Young Birch Tree, ASCH3011
(Release date unknown. Soloist is Pankov. 10-inch Stinson.)
Melodiya: Soldier Always a Soldier, 0-30
(Release date unknown. A-side has Soldier Always a Soldier; B-side has unknown song. 10-inch. Conductor A.V. Alexandrov. Soloist E. Belyaev.)
Le Chant du Monde: Choeurs de L'Armée Rouge: Bandoura, 614
(Release date unknown. The song Bandura: half on each side. Conducted by A. Alexandrov. The soloist is G. Vinogradov.)
Le Chant du Monde: Polyushko Pole and Les Partisans, 620
(Release date unknown. 10-inch. Conducted by Professeur Alexandrov.)
Columbia: Song of the plains or Polyushko Pole Cornet solo: M.K.Lemechko, CL 6335. Disk C-10002
(Release date thought to be 1937, Paris World Fair. Canadian pressing, recorded in France, with the Choir of the Red Army of the U.S.S.R. The B side is: The White Whirlwind, a folk song, tenor solo: M.Pankov, CL 6338. Director A.V. Alexandrov.)
Unknown label: Famous Red Army Songs, 2-record set
(Release date unknown. Conductor A. Alexandrov. Tracks include: Polyushko Pole, The Young Birch Tree, My Moscow.)
USSR, Aprelevsky Plant LPs: Cold Waves Lapping (Varyag), B-20753-4
(Released 1951. Soloist V.I. Nikitin. Conductor A. Alexandrov. One song split between A and B side.)
USSR, Aprelevsky Plant LPs: Down by Mother Volga and Storm Revel, B- 9504-8
(Released 1939. Tracks: A: Down by Mother Volga (arr. A. Alexandrov; soloist V.I. Nikitin); B: Storm Revel (soloist Petrov).)
USSR, Aprelevsky Plant LPs: You Will Come Up, Red Sun and Oh, Yes You, Kalinushka, B- 8995-9
(Released 1939. Tracks: A: You will come up, the Red Sun (soloist F. Kuznetsov); B: Oh, Yes You, Kalinushka (duet: AV Shilov, AV Nikitin). NB: F. Kuznetsov could be identical with I. Kuznetsov.)
Other formats
Magnetic tapes
Unknown label: Soviet Army Chorus & Band
A Soviet Army Chorus & Band compilation of 1956 recordings was released in the 1960s, with a photo of soldiers on the box. It included Kalinka (soloist: E. Belyaev), You Are Always Beautiful, It's a Long Way to Tipperary and Polyushko Pole (My Fields or Meadowland).
EMI Angel: The Red Army Ensemble Vol.2, ZS-36143. Out of print
(Most tracks recorded live at the Abbey Road Studios, London in February and March 1963. Release date unknown. Conductor: B. Aleksandrov; choirmaster K. Vinogradov; orchestral conductor V. Alexandrov. Stereo tape 7.5ips; 4-track. Information on the back of the box tells that there were more than 80 in the choir, and that 1963 live performances were at the Royal Albert Hall and in provincial cities. Songs listed on the box are: The Courageous Don Cossacks (traditional), Lovely Moonlit Night (Ukrainian folk song; soloist E. Belyaev), Kamarinskaya (soloist B.S. Feoktistov), Ah Lovely Night (soloist N. Polozkov), You Are Always Beautiful (soloist E. Belyaev), Kalinka (soloist E. Belyaev), A Birch Tree in a Field Did Stand (Beryozonka) (soloist I. Didenko), Song of the Plains or Meadowland (Polyushko Pole), Ukrainian Poem (soloist A. Sergeev), Annie Laurie (soloist E. Belyaev), Zaparozhtsi Dance'' (Soldiers' Dance) (music B. Alexandrov).)
See also
Alexandrov Ensemble
Alexandrov Ensemble choir
Alexandrov Ensemble soloists
Evgeny Belyaev
Georgi Pavlovich Vinogradov
Leonid Kharitonov
References
External links
Medtner.org.uk: How to date Melodiya records from serial numbers.
Wordpress: Alexandrov Ensemble blog
Discographies of Russian artists
Classical music discographies
Discography |
The 2023 Christus Health Pro Challenge is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Tyler, Texas, United States between 23 and 29 October 2023.
Champions
Singles
Emma Navarro def. Kayla Day, 6–3, 6–4
Doubles
Amelia Rajecki / Abigail Rencheli def. Anna Rogers / Alana Smith, 7–5, 4–6, [16–14]
Singles main draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings are as of 16 October 2023.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Ellie Douglas
Katherine Hui
Abigail Rencheli
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Ayana Akli
DJ Bennett
Eryn Cayetano
Maria Kononova
Maria Kozyreva
Martina Okáľová
Lucía Peyre
Amelia Rajecki
References
External links
2023 Christus Health Pro Challenge at ITFtennis.com
Official website
2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
2023 in American tennis
October 2023 sports events in the United States |
```javascript
/**
* @fileoverview Enforces props default values to be valid.
* @author Armano
*/
'use strict'
const utils = require('../utils')
const { capitalize } = require('../utils/casing')
/**
* @typedef {import('../utils').ComponentProp} ComponentProp
* @typedef {import('../utils').ComponentObjectProp} ComponentObjectProp
* @typedef {import('../utils').ComponentArrayProp} ComponentArrayProp
* @typedef {import('../utils').ComponentTypeProp} ComponentTypeProp
* @typedef {import('../utils').ComponentInferTypeProp} ComponentInferTypeProp
* @typedef {import('../utils').ComponentUnknownProp} ComponentUnknownProp
* @typedef {import('../utils').VueObjectData} VueObjectData
*/
const NATIVE_TYPES = new Set([
'String',
'Number',
'Boolean',
'Function',
'Object',
'Array',
'Symbol',
'BigInt'
])
const FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES = new Set(['Function', 'Object', 'Array'])
/**
* @param {ObjectExpression} obj
* @param {string} name
* @returns {Property | null}
*/
function getPropertyNode(obj, name) {
for (const p of obj.properties) {
if (
p.type === 'Property' &&
!p.computed &&
p.key.type === 'Identifier' &&
p.key.name === name
) {
return p
}
}
return null
}
/**
* @param {Expression} targetNode
* @returns {string[]}
*/
function getTypes(targetNode) {
const node = utils.skipTSAsExpression(targetNode)
if (node.type === 'Identifier') {
return [node.name]
} else if (node.type === 'ArrayExpression') {
return node.elements
.filter(
/**
* @param {Expression | SpreadElement | null} item
* @returns {item is Identifier}
*/
(item) => item != null && item.type === 'Identifier'
)
.map((item) => item.name)
}
return []
}
module.exports = {
meta: {
type: 'suggestion',
docs: {
description: 'enforce props default values to be valid',
categories: ['vue3-essential', 'vue2-essential'],
url: 'path_to_url
},
fixable: null,
schema: [],
messages: {
invalidType:
"Type of the default value for '{{name}}' prop must be a {{types}}."
}
},
/** @param {RuleContext} context */
create(context) {
/**
* @typedef {object} StandardValueType
* @property {string} type
* @property {false} function
*/
/**
* @typedef {object} FunctionExprValueType
* @property {'Function'} type
* @property {true} function
* @property {true} expression
* @property {Expression} functionBody
* @property {string | null} returnType
*/
/**
* @typedef {object} FunctionValueType
* @property {'Function'} type
* @property {true} function
* @property {false} expression
* @property {BlockStatement} functionBody
* @property {ReturnType[]} returnTypes
*/
/**
* @typedef { ComponentObjectProp & { value: ObjectExpression } } ComponentObjectDefineProp
* @typedef { { type: string, node: Expression } } ReturnType
*/
/**
* @typedef {object} PropDefaultFunctionContext
* @property {ComponentObjectProp | ComponentTypeProp | ComponentInferTypeProp} prop
* @property {Set<string>} types
* @property {FunctionValueType} default
*/
/**
* @type {Map<ObjectExpression, PropDefaultFunctionContext[]>}
*/
const vueObjectPropsContexts = new Map()
/**
* @type { {node: CallExpression, props:PropDefaultFunctionContext[]}[] }
*/
const scriptSetupPropsContexts = []
/**
* @typedef {object} ScopeStack
* @property {ScopeStack | null} upper
* @property {BlockStatement | Expression} body
* @property {null | ReturnType[]} [returnTypes]
*/
/**
* @type {ScopeStack | null}
*/
let scopeStack = null
function onFunctionExit() {
scopeStack = scopeStack && scopeStack.upper
}
/**
* @param {Expression} targetNode
* @returns { StandardValueType | FunctionExprValueType | FunctionValueType | null }
*/
function getValueType(targetNode) {
const node = utils.skipChainExpression(targetNode)
switch (node.type) {
case 'CallExpression': {
// Symbol(), Number() ...
if (
node.callee.type === 'Identifier' &&
NATIVE_TYPES.has(node.callee.name)
) {
return {
function: false,
type: node.callee.name
}
}
break
}
case 'TemplateLiteral': {
// String
return {
function: false,
type: 'String'
}
}
case 'Literal': {
// String, Boolean, Number
if (node.value === null && !node.bigint) return null
const type = node.bigint ? 'BigInt' : capitalize(typeof node.value)
if (NATIVE_TYPES.has(type)) {
return {
function: false,
type
}
}
break
}
case 'ArrayExpression': {
// Array
return {
function: false,
type: 'Array'
}
}
case 'ObjectExpression': {
// Object
return {
function: false,
type: 'Object'
}
}
case 'FunctionExpression': {
return {
function: true,
expression: false,
type: 'Function',
functionBody: node.body,
returnTypes: []
}
}
case 'ArrowFunctionExpression': {
if (node.expression) {
const valueType = getValueType(node.body)
return {
function: true,
expression: true,
type: 'Function',
functionBody: node.body,
returnType: valueType ? valueType.type : null
}
}
return {
function: true,
expression: false,
type: 'Function',
functionBody: node.body,
returnTypes: []
}
}
}
return null
}
/**
* @param {*} node
* @param {ComponentObjectProp | ComponentTypeProp | ComponentInferTypeProp} prop
* @param {Iterable<string>} expectedTypeNames
*/
function report(node, prop, expectedTypeNames) {
const propName =
prop.propName == null
? `[${context.getSourceCode().getText(prop.node.key)}]`
: prop.propName
context.report({
node,
messageId: 'invalidType',
data: {
name: propName,
types: [...expectedTypeNames].join(' or ').toLowerCase()
}
})
}
/**
* @param {(ComponentObjectDefineProp | ComponentTypeProp | ComponentInferTypeProp)[]} props
* @param { { [key: string]: Expression | undefined } } withDefaults
*/
function processPropDefs(props, withDefaults) {
/** @type {PropDefaultFunctionContext[]} */
const propContexts = []
for (const prop of props) {
let typeList
let defExpr
if (prop.type === 'object') {
const type = getPropertyNode(prop.value, 'type')
if (!type) continue
typeList = getTypes(type.value)
const def = getPropertyNode(prop.value, 'default')
if (!def) continue
defExpr = def.value
} else {
typeList = prop.types
defExpr = withDefaults[prop.propName]
}
if (!defExpr) continue
const typeNames = new Set(
typeList.filter((item) => NATIVE_TYPES.has(item))
)
// There is no native types detected
if (typeNames.size === 0) continue
const defType = getValueType(defExpr)
if (!defType) continue
if (defType.function) {
if (typeNames.has('Function')) {
continue
}
if (defType.expression) {
if (!defType.returnType || typeNames.has(defType.returnType)) {
continue
}
report(defType.functionBody, prop, typeNames)
} else {
propContexts.push({
prop,
types: typeNames,
default: defType
})
}
} else {
if (
typeNames.has(defType.type) &&
!FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES.has(defType.type)
) {
continue
}
report(
defExpr,
prop,
[...typeNames].map((type) =>
FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES.has(type) ? 'Function' : type
)
)
}
}
return propContexts
}
return utils.compositingVisitors(
{
/**
* @param {FunctionExpression | FunctionDeclaration | ArrowFunctionExpression} node
*/
':function'(node) {
scopeStack = {
upper: scopeStack,
body: node.body,
returnTypes: null
}
},
/**
* @param {ReturnStatement} node
*/
ReturnStatement(node) {
if (!scopeStack) {
return
}
if (scopeStack.returnTypes && node.argument) {
const type = getValueType(node.argument)
if (type) {
scopeStack.returnTypes.push({
type: type.type,
node: node.argument
})
}
}
},
':function:exit': onFunctionExit
},
utils.defineVueVisitor(context, {
onVueObjectEnter(obj) {
/** @type {ComponentObjectDefineProp[]} */
const props = utils.getComponentPropsFromOptions(obj).filter(
/**
* @param {ComponentObjectProp | ComponentArrayProp | ComponentUnknownProp} prop
* @returns {prop is ComponentObjectDefineProp}
*/
(prop) =>
Boolean(
prop.type === 'object' && prop.value.type === 'ObjectExpression'
)
)
const propContexts = processPropDefs(props, {})
vueObjectPropsContexts.set(obj, propContexts)
},
/**
* @param {FunctionExpression | FunctionDeclaration | ArrowFunctionExpression} node
* @param {VueObjectData} data
*/
':function'(node, { node: vueNode }) {
const data = vueObjectPropsContexts.get(vueNode)
if (!data || !scopeStack) {
return
}
for (const { default: defType } of data) {
if (node.body === defType.functionBody) {
scopeStack.returnTypes = defType.returnTypes
}
}
},
onVueObjectExit(obj) {
const data = vueObjectPropsContexts.get(obj)
if (!data) {
return
}
for (const { prop, types: typeNames, default: defType } of data) {
for (const returnType of defType.returnTypes) {
if (typeNames.has(returnType.type)) continue
report(returnType.node, prop, typeNames)
}
}
}
}),
utils.defineScriptSetupVisitor(context, {
onDefinePropsEnter(node, baseProps) {
const props = baseProps.filter(
/**
* @param {ComponentProp} prop
* @returns {prop is ComponentObjectDefineProp | ComponentInferTypeProp | ComponentTypeProp}
*/
(prop) =>
Boolean(
prop.type === 'type' ||
prop.type === 'infer-type' ||
(prop.type === 'object' &&
prop.value.type === 'ObjectExpression')
)
)
const defaults = utils.getWithDefaultsPropExpressions(node)
const propContexts = processPropDefs(props, defaults)
scriptSetupPropsContexts.push({ node, props: propContexts })
},
/**
* @param {FunctionExpression | FunctionDeclaration | ArrowFunctionExpression} node
*/
':function'(node) {
const data =
scriptSetupPropsContexts[scriptSetupPropsContexts.length - 1]
if (!data || !scopeStack) {
return
}
for (const { default: defType } of data.props) {
if (node.body === defType.functionBody) {
scopeStack.returnTypes = defType.returnTypes
}
}
},
onDefinePropsExit() {
scriptSetupPropsContexts.pop()
}
})
)
}
}
``` |
Iliana Biridakis (; born September 29, 1959) is a retired Jordanian Olympic archer. She represented Jordan at 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
Olympic participation
Seoul 1988
Archery – Women's Individual
She ranked 61st out of 62 competitor in the final standing.
References
External links
Iliana Peridakis at worldarchery.org
1959 births
Living people
Archers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Jordanian female archers
Olympic archers for Jordan |
Wallace William Ulrich (March 12, 1921 – April 7, 1995) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour in the 1940s and 1950s.
Ulrich was born in Iowa and raised in Austin, Minnesota. He attended Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota where he was a member of the golf team. He won the 1943 NCAA championship; however, his college career was interrupted by service in the Marine Corps during World War II. Ulrich returned to Carleton after the war.
Ulrich won the Mexican Amateur in 1945. In 1946 and 1947, he won the Minnesota State Open as an amateur. He turned pro and joined the PGA Tour in 1948. His only tour win was the 1954 Kansas City Open. That same year, he became the fourth player in PGA Tour history to shoot a 60 when he had nines of 29-31 during the second round of the Virginia Beach Open. He went on to finish ninth at the event at Cavalier Yacht and Country Club.
Between 1948 and 1963, he made 183 PGA Tour cuts. Besides his victory, he was runner-up at the 1953 Canadian Open, losing by a stroke to Dave Douglas at Scarborough Golf and Country Club.
Ulrich died in Akron, Ohio where he had lived for 36 years.
Amateur wins
1939 Minnesota State Junior Championship
1942 Albert Lea Shortstop
1943 NCAA Championship
1945 Mexican Amateur
1947 Midwest Conference Individual Champion
Professional wins (11)
PGA Tour wins
Other wins
1946 Minnesota State Open (as an amateur)
1947 Minnesota State Open (as an amateur)
1948 RGCC Shelden Invitational
1949 RGCC Shelden Invitational
1950 RGCC Shelden Invitational
1950 Waterloo Open
1951 Minnesota State Open
1955 Minnesota State Open
1957 Iowa Open, Minnesota PGA Championship
References
American male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Golfers from Iowa
Golfers from Minnesota
Golfers from Ohio
People from Austin, Minnesota
Sportspeople from Rochester, Minnesota
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
1921 births
1995 deaths |
A list of books and essays about Alfred Hitchcock:
Individual films
Vertigo (1958)
''Psycho'' (1960)
Hitchcock, Alfred
Bibliography |
"Om sanningen ska fram" (English: "If truth be told") is a song by Swedish musician, songwriter, music producer and DJ Eric Amarillo. The song was released on 6 May 2011 as a Digital download. The song reached number one on the Swedish Singles Chart.
Music video
The music video for the song was uploaded to YouTube on April 27, 2011.
Track listing
Charts and certifications
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2011 singles
Number-one singles in Sweden
2011 songs
EMI Records singles |
Granotoma tumida is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off Greenland.
References
Posselt H.G., Jensen A.S.. 1898. Grønlands Brachiopoder og Bloddyr. Udgivet efter Forfatterens Død ved Ad. S. Jensen. Meddelelser om Grønland, 23: 1–298
External links
Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295.
Merkuljev A.V. (2017). Taxonomic puzzle of Propebela arctica (A. Adams, 1855) (Gastropoda, Mangeliidae) - six different species under single name. Ruthenica. 27(1): 15–30
tumida
Gastropods described in 1876 |
"How to Save a Life" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and is the 241st episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season 8 finale "Flight". The installment marked the death of the series’ male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception.
In this episode, Shepherd is involved in an accident while attempting to help the victims of a car accident. He is later pronounced brain dead, in part due to the surgeons not providing him with a timely CT scan. Only 6 regular cast membersEllen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Chandra Wilson, Kevin McKidd, Sarah Drew and Caterina Scorsone appear in the episode. "How to Save a Life" also marks the first appearance of Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan).
The episode's original broadcast was watched by 9.55 million viewers and registered the show as the week's highest-rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18–49 demographic. It received mixed reviews from critics upon release, who were divided on the show's handling of Shepherd's death. However, they were largely laudatory of Pompeo, with critic Rick Porter deeming it the best performance of her career.
Plot
The episode opens with a flashback of a five-year-old Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) lost in a park. In the present, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), is on his way to Washington to resign from the President's brain mapping project. He witnesses a road accident and pulls over to help the victims. He rescues a young girl named Winnie (Savannah Paige Rae) and helps her mother, who has a dislocated leg. With assistance from Winnie, he rescues another couple involved in the accident.
Paramedics arrive at the scene and transport the victims to a nearby medical facility at Dillard. Just as Derek is about to drive away, he is hit by a semi-truck, and is rushed to the ER at the closest hospital. He is unable to speak as the doctors examine him, with him subconsciously telling the doctors to order a head CT. However, Shepherd is rushed into surgery. One of the surgical residents, Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan), who wants to perform a CT is dismissed by her attending and by the time the doctors discover his blown pupil, Shepherd realizes that he will die. He is eventually declared brain-dead after the neurosurgeon arrives too late.
Grey is brought to the hospital by the police authorities and is informed by the surgeons that Shepherd is brain dead; she immediately points out that they should have ordered a head CT, much to Blake's dismay. She reviews all of her options with the doctor in-charge of Shepherd's case, before signing the papers to authorize the removal of his life support. Blake tearfully apologizes to a forbearing Grey, who then returns to Shepherd's room to say a final goodbye. This is accompanied by a montage of the heyday from their relationship.
Production
"How to Save a Life" was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy. It was the first episode that Rhimes had written since the show's season eight finale "Flight". Filming took place both at the studio in Los Angeles and outdoor locations over a span of three weeks. Samantha Sloyan, Larry Cedar, Mike McColl, Allie Grant, and Savannah Paige Rae made guest appearances in the episode; Sloyan reprised her role in the show's 250th episode "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner" and was subsequently promoted to a recurring character for the twelfth season. The soundtrack for "How to Save a Life" featured covers, recorded by Sleeping at Last, of such previously used tracks as "Today Has Been OK", originally by Emilíana Torrini and "Chasing Cars", originally by Snow Patrol, and the originals "Sedona" by Houndmouth, "Gulls" by David Gray, and "Into the Fire" by Erin McCarley.
Speculation about Dempsey's exit from Grey's Anatomy began in November, 2014, when Dempsey casually mentioned during an interview that he might be leaving the series very soon. Despite signing on for two more years at the end of the tenth season of the show, he disclosed that he would make his final appearance in the eleventh season. The official statement was released on April 23, 2015, just a few hours before the airing of "How to Save a Life". Dempsey went on to share further details on his character being written out of the show, saying that it happened very quickly and in an organic way. The developments leading up to the impending exit, he said, had begun in February, 2015.
Amidst speculation of a rift between Dempsey and Pompeo, and the showrunner Rhimes, Dempsey maintained his stance of leaving in a "very good" place with his co-star of ten years. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Dempsey explained that if his exit had been a result of a conflict with the production team, it would have had happened at the end of the tenth season, when his previous contract had expired. He added that though the death of the character might be viewed as a surprising decision, he "[liked] the way it has all played out." On his relationships with Pompeo, he said: "it’s beautiful. We’re like a married couple [it has been] 10 years, and it was magic from the beginning” Rhimes asserted on the importance of Dempsey's character in the statement she released at his departure:
Pompeo posted on Twitter to react to the death of Shepherd, writing that she was honored and excited to tell Meredith's story "in the face of what feels like the impossible". She encouraged fans to continue watching the series, saying, "I hope you will all join me on her journey.” It was the first time that Pompeo spoke publicly about Dempsey's much publicised exit.
Reception
Broadcast
"How to Save a Life" was originally broadcast on April 23, 2015 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The episode was watched by a total of 9.55 million, up 23 percent from its last years telecast airing around the same time. In the key 18-49 demographic, the episode scored a 2.8 in Nielsen ratings, up 22 percent from last year, scoring the best ratings since the eleventh-season premiere. It was the second best TV show in the 8.00 pm slot, beating Bones, The Vampire Diaries and a rerun on The Blacklist, but was beaten by The Big Bang Theory.
The 9.55 million people tuned into the episode marked a 24 percent increase from the previous episode (7.60), in addition to the installment's 2.8 Nielsen rating in the target 18–49 demographic marked a 33 percent increase from the previous episode (2.1). The Nielsen score additionally registered the show as the week's highest rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18–49 demographic, only behind CBS's The Big Bang Theory (3.6) and ABC's Modern Family (3.0).
Critical reception
The episode received mixed reviews by critics who had polarizing views on the writing and handling of Shepherd's death.
Ashley Bissette Sumerel of TV Fanatic gave the episode the highest praise in a 5 out of 5 star review highlighting the "interesting possibilities" that the death would offer for the show. However, she stated, "I'm beyond heartbroken. [...] We've seen tragic deaths and lost beloved characters, but never quite like this. I don't think I'll ever get over it." She also acknowledged the show's emotional connect with its audience and its courage to attempt the "inconceivable". Ariana Bacle of Entertainment Weekly took the opportunity to reminisce the early years of the show saying that it is the compelling characters that have made committing to Grey's "irresistible". She added that despite some "weak moments" that the series suffers from, characters like "Meredith or Derek or Webber will have a moment that reminds me why I keep watching, why I never stopped— so watching one of those characters die hurts. It really, really hurts." In a mixed review for the episode, a Spoiler TV writer criticized the plot calling it a "self-indulgent episode", contrasted it with "well crafted departure of Mark Sloan, or by Lexie Grey". Also criticizing the absence of the series' major cast from the episode the review said, "The presence of so many inconsequential and uninteresting characters was continually in danger of swamping the dreaminess of Derek." However, appreciative of Pompeo's character, the reviewer remarked, "the writing of Meredith was completely on point. She was clinical, as we would expect her to be."
Pompeo garnered widespread acclaim from television critics for her performance in the episode; Rick Porter of Zap2it was largely laudatory of Pompeo's performance which he thought "made all the difference in the episode". He wrote highly of her role in the arc saying, "Without Meredith, and without one of Pompeo's strongest performances in her long time on the show, "How to Save a Life" would have run the risk of coming across as a baldly manipulative death episode". He noted that although it might not be the "ideal Emmy-submission episode" for Pompeo, because of the amount of time that she spent on screen, it was among the best work she's ever done on the show." Robert Bianco of USA Today thought of the episode as "a showcase for Pompeo", agreeing that although she didn't play a prominent part until the later half of the episode, but some memorable and well-played scenes: "from her angry response to the doctor who tries to tell her what her choices are, to her resignation when she realizes she has to comfort and motivate the young doctor whose mistakes cost Derek his life." Alexandria Ingham Guardian Liberty Voice was also impressed with Pompeo’s "range of emotions", which she described similarly, as going through many stages, including anger, resignation, and compassion.
Shepherd's death came as a shock to the audience and was a major topic of discussion among critics, who gave polarising views on the character's exit. Janalen Samson, a contributing Writer for BuddyTV noted the episodes generation of shock in the times of the omnipresent media saying, "Genuine surprise is a rare occurrence in television viewing these days", and added, "Imagine my amazement, then, when I sat down to watch [...] "How to Save a Life"". Calling the death a "lightning bolt" David Hinckley of New York Daily News wrote, "In one of the most stunning moments from a high-mortality television season, "Grey's Anatomy" [...] killed off Patrick Dempsey's Dr. Derek Shepherd". Also talking about the shock value Shepherd's death in her New York Post review Lindsay Putnam wrote, "“Grey’s Anatomy” did the unthinkable, killing off one of the few remaining original cast members", additionally putting up the question of the future of the series asking, "with Derek out of the picture, what will become of the rest of the Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital family? Is there still a future for Grey’s Anatomy?" The sentiment was echoed by Slate writer Aisha Harris who weighed heavily upon importance of the death and its impact saying that despite the show’s ensemble cast, "Meredith has always remained the central figure of Grey’s, so this death marks a very important turning point in the show". Optimistic of the prospects for the show, she added, "if anyone can come out of this tragedy as a tougher, better character than ever, it’s Meredith Grey."
References
External links
2015 American television episodes
Grey's Anatomy (season 11) episodes |
The city of Birmingham, in England, is an important manufacturing and engineering centre, employing over 100,000 people in the industry and contributing billions of pounds to the national economy. During 2013, the West Midlands region as a whole created UK exports in goods worth £19.6 billion, around 8.73% of the national total, however, exports fell by 14.5% compared to 2012 and there is a trade deficit of £5.6 billion. Output was forecast to grow from 2007 to 2012, but the city's economy flat-lined in from 2007 to 2009, following the economic crisis which affected the economies of countries around the world.
Birmingham was second only to London for the creation of new jobs between 1951 and 1961, and unemployment rarely exceeded 1% between 1948 and 1966. By 1961, household incomes in the West Midlands (county) were 13% above the national average, exceeding even London and the South East. However, the incoming Labour government of 1964 sought to control what it saw as a "threatening situation", most notably by extending the Control of Office Employment Act 1965, to the Birmingham conurbation in 1965. Birmingham's economic landscape had suffered significantly as a result, but since then much of the damage has been undone. The economy of Birmingham also grew relatively slowly between 2002 and 2012, where growth was 31% vs national growth of 44%: the lowest of all the Core Cities. Many of the higher skilled jobs generated have gone to commuters from the surrounding area, and the two parliamentary constituencies with the highest unemployment rates in the UK – Ladywood and Sparkbrook and Small Heath – are both in inner-city Birmingham. According to the 2010 Indices of Multiple Deprivation, Birmingham is the most deprived local authority in England in terms of income and employment. Overall, Birmingham is the 9th most deprived local authority in England when factors such as crime, health and education are included, behind Liverpool and Manchester as the third most deprived Core City. Growth has also placed significant strain on the city's transport infrastructure, with many major roads and the central New Street railway station operating considerably over capacity during peak periods.
Birmingham was also one of the founding cities for the Eurocities group and is also sitting as chair. Birmingham is considered to be a 'Beta-' global city, rated as the joint second most globally influential city in the UK after London. Birmingham has the second largest city economy in the UK after London and was ranked 72nd in the world in 2008.
Economic indices
Below is a collection of economic indices featuring Birmingham. It is important to remember that while useful, surveys and indicators have limitations, and are at times subjective and incomplete. For example, no complete list of factors affecting the quality of life can be created, and the way people weigh these factors differs.
Quality of life
10th in the UK for quality of life (2013), according to a rating of the UK's 1st largest cities, ahead of Sheffield and Bradford who rank 11th and 12th respectively. The cities were assessed on a range of factors including property market activity, rental costs, salary levels, disposable income growth, cost of living, unemployment rates and life satisfaction.
52nd-most liveable city in the world in 2010, according to the Mercer Index of worldwide standards of living,
19th in the UK amongst big cities for 'cycle-friendliness' (2010).
Overall 9th most deprived Local Authority in England according to the 2010 Indices of Deprivation, which takes into account: income; employment; health and disability; education, skills and training; barriers to housing and services; crime; and living environment.
Most deprived Local Authority in England in terms of income deprivation.
Most deprived Local Authority in England in terms of employment deprivation.
Business
Cushman & Wakefield European Cities Monitor (2010) – A survey based on the views of 500 European businesses of Europe's leading business cities.
Overall 18th in Europe, 3rd in the UK after London and Manchester, best city to locate a business based on factors which are disaggregated below.
9th in Europe, 2nd in the UK after London, for ease of access to markets, customers or clients.
16th in Europe, 3rd in the UK after London and Manchester, for best-qualified staff.
15th in Europe, 3rd in the UK after London and Manchester, for quality of telecommunications.
11th in Europe, 3rd in the UK after London and Manchester, for external transport links to other cities and internationally.
5th in Europe, 3rd in the UK after Leeds and Glasgow, in terms of value for money of office space.
15th in Europe, 4th in the UK after Glasgow, Leeds and Manchester, for the cost of staff.
4th in Europe, 2nd in the UK after Manchester, for the availability of office space.
16th in Europe, 4th in the UK after London, Manchester and Glasgow, for climate governments create for businesses.
11th in Europe, 2nd in the UK after London, in terms of languages spoken.
18th in Europe, 4th in the UK after London, Manchester and Leeds for ease of travelling around within the city.
In the same survey, when asked how well companies know each of the cities as a business location, 28% said they were familiar with Birmingham as a business location. This was the third-highest in the UK after London (82%) and Manchester (33%).
GVA
In 2013, Birmingham's GVA was £24.1bn, accounting for 21.8% of the GVA of the West Midlands (region), and 1.6% of the GVA of the UK. Compared with other NUTS 3 city areas, its GVA is exceeded only by London (comprising five NUTS 3 areas – £309.3bn) and Greater Manchester South (£34.8bn).
The increase in GVA in 2013 was particularly strong when compared to previous years (increase in GVA of 2.2% in the period 2011–2012 for Birmingham).
Productivity
GVA per employee in Birmingham is estimated to be £42,800 in 2012. It is ranked 6th among the major cities and conurbations in the UK, and ranked 3rd among the Core Cities behind London (£75,100), Edinburgh (£54,100), Leeds (£46,900), Greater Manchester South (£46,500) and Glasgow (£44,700).
excluding Birmingham, included Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham and Sheffield
GVA by sector
GDP
According to the 2012 Eurostat figures, GDP per capita (in euros) of Greater Manchester is = €27,500 just ahead of the West-Midlands with €26,600 but only half the GDP per capita of Dublin €57,200 or London with €54,200.
Greater Manchester has a total GDP of €74.398 bn, West Midlands has a total GDP of €73.538 bn but less than the €85.700 bn in Greater Dublin and €450.379 bn in Greater London.
Employment, welfare and education
The mid-year estimate for the population of Birmingham was 1,085,400 in 2012 and population growth was estimated to be 1.04%, the 4th highest of the Core Cities after Nottingham (1.59%), Manchester (1.56%) and Newcastle (1.2%).
Employment
Earnings
Median earnings in pounds for employees living in Birmingham
Median earnings in pounds for employees working in Birmingham.
Education
Business activity
As the UK economy continues to recover from the downturn experienced in 2008–10, Birmingham has underperformed relative to other Core Cities, where a change in business stock was 1.6% compared to 3.6% for the Core Cities average. However, the underlying data showed that Birmingham had a high entrepreneurial activity with high levels of business start-ups, but this was offset by a relatively high number of business deaths.
excluding Birmingham, included Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham and Sheffield
Jewellery Quarter
The Jewellery Quarter is the largest concentration of dedicated jewellers in Europe. One-third of the jewellery manufactured in the UK is made within one mile of Birmingham city centre. Until 2003, coins for circulation were manufactured in the Jewellery Quarter at the Birmingham Mint, the oldest independent mint in the world, which continues to produce commemorative coins and medals.
From manufacturing to service and research
As with most of the British economy, manufacturing in Birmingham has declined in importance since the 1970s, and it now employs a minority of the workforce. In recent years Birmingham's economy has diversified into service industries, retailing and tourism, which are now the main employers in the city. There are problems when labour skills do not match available job vacancies. Jobs in the service and tourist sectors are estimated to rise by 50,000 over the next ten years.
Today the city's products include: motor vehicles, vehicle components and accessories, weapons, electrical equipment, plastics, machine tools, chemicals, food, jewellery and glass. Birmingham is home to two major car factories, MG Rover in Longbridge and Jaguar in Castle Bromwich (and Land Rovers are manufactured in neighbouring Solihull). There are also other factories like at Autodesk that are important as smaller factories.
Retail
Birmingham is home to one of the largest shopping centres in the UK, the Bullring. It is also the busiest in the UK, attracting 36.5 million visitors in its first year. Birmingham is the most visited retail destination outside London and the retail sector makes up a large proportion of the city's economy.
The city centre currently has three major shopping centres: The Bullring, The Mailbox, Grand Central and the Fort in Castle Vale as well as several smaller arcades and precincts and four department stores: Selfridges, Debenhams, House of Fraser and Harvey Nichols; with John Lewis opening its biggest store outside London in the city's New Street station development in 2015.
The city's designer and high-end fashion stores are mostly situated in the upmarket Mailbox shopping centre, around the Colmore Row financial district, although the Bullring has seen an influx of designer brands such as Hugo Boss, Thomas Sabo, Radley and Armani Exchange.
The city centre also has four markets: The Bullring indoor market, The Birmingham rag market, St Martins outdoor market and the Oasis clothes market.
Tourism
With major facilities such as the International Convention Centre, the National Exhibition Centre and the Symphony Hall the Birmingham area accounts for 42% of the UK conference and exhibition trade. The city's sporting and cultural venues attract large numbers of visitors, including the library of Birmingham, which is the largest public library in Europe. Birmingham is the 4th most visited city in the UK.
Research at Birmingham
Research at the University of Birmingham, both theoretical and practical has contributed to the success of the city and the West Midlands region and had a worldwide impact for more than a century. Now the university ranks as high as 10th in the UK according to the QS World University Rankings. Scientific research including research into the controversial nano technology at the University of Birmingham, is expanding in the city and will possibly play a part in the city's economic future.
Banking, insurance and law
In 2011, Birmingham's financial and insurance services industry was worth £2.46 billion, the 4th largest in the United Kingdom after London, Edinburgh and Manchester. The city also had the fourth largest number of employees in the financial and insurance sector after London, Leeds and Glasgow, with more than 111,500 people employed in banking, finance and insurance, translating to 23% of all employees.
Birmingham has the two largest sets of barrister's chambers in the country; a local law society; 50 major property firms and one of Europe's largest insurance markets. Two of the UK's largest professional service organisations, PwC and Ernst & Young, have established centres in Birmingham's central business district.
The city attracts over 40% of the UK's total conference trade. Two of Britain's "big four" banks were founded in Birmingham: Lloyds Bank (now Lloyds Banking Group) was established in the city in 1765 and The Midland Bank (now HSBC Bank plc) opened in Union Street, in August 1836.
Renewable resources
Birmingham has a large incineration plant, the Tyseley Energy from Waste Plant which produces electricity for the National Grid through the process of burning waste. It was built in 1996 by Veolia.
Famous brands
Famous brands from the "city of a thousand trades" include Bird's Custard, Typhoo Tea, the Birmingham Wire Gauge, Brylcreem, Chad Valley Toys, BSA, Bakelite, Cadburys chocolate, HP Sauce, The Elite Performance Sports Company (Epic) and the MG Rover Group; although no Rover cars are set to be produced in the future, with Nanjing Automobile Group to focus on the MG cars.
See also
Economic history of Birmingham
References
Works cited
External links
Birmingham City Council site on the economy of the city |
Qarah Gol or Qareh Gol () may refer to:
Qarah Gol, Meshgin Shahr, Ardabil Province
Qarah Gol, Moradlu, Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province
Qarah Gol, Charuymaq, East Azerbaijan Province
Qareh Gol, Malekan, East Azerbaijan Province
Qareh Gol-e Olya, Fars Province
Qareh Gol-e Sofla, Fars Province
Qarah Gol-e Gharbi, Golestan Province
Qarah Gol-e Kalleh, Golestan Province
Qarah Gol-e Sharqi, Golestan Province
Qarah Gol-e Takhteh-ye Vasat, Golestan Province
Qarah Gol, Kurdistan
Qarah Gol, Divandarreh, Kurdistan Province
Qarah Gol, North Khorasan
Qareh Gol, Razavi Khorasan
Qarah Gol, Bukan, West Azerbaijan Province
Qareh Gol, Khoy, West Azerbaijan Province
Qarah Gol, Khodabandeh, Zanjan Province
Qarah Gol, Mahneshan, Zanjan Province |
Aaron Cross (born in Waterloo, Iowa, on June 28, 1975) is a quadriplegic American archer.
Education and sport
He graduated from Augsburg College in 1997. He competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics and in the 2000 Summer Paralympics, but did not medal either time. He went on to compete in the 2002 Wheelchair Archery World Championships in Nymburk. Finally as a member of the American team he won bronze in Archery at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.
Aaron is currently working on his Masters in Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling at Saint Cloud State University.
Aaron has been featured in nationally syndicated magazines such as, Sport' N Spokes, Paraplegic News, Target and Spirit Magazine along with being featured on local, regional and national print and electronic media such as ABC and NBC.
Assistance in accomplishing personal goals, sports goals, business goals, whatever they may be; yes even assistance in writing resumes, organization, building self-confidence and daily living skills.
SCSU advance delegation to assess accessibility for Beijing, China
U.S. Team Captain for the 2000 and 2004 Paralympic Archery Team
Team Bronze 2004 Paralympic Medal Winner — archery
Athlete Representative to the U.S. Olympic Committee for archery, 1996-2003
Paralympic Committee (USOC, USPC) for archery, 2000–02
Governor to the Minnesota State Archery Association, 2000–02
Target VP to the Minnesota State Archery Association, 2002–04
President of the St. Cloud Archery Association, 2000-2004
Technical Delegate to International Paralympic Committee, 1996-2000
Safari Club International Pathfinder Award, 2013
Judd Jacobson Award for Success in Community and Professional, 2011
Augsburg College Decade Award for Excellence in Profession and Community, 2005
Paralympic Athlete
• Three-time Paralympic team member, 1996, 2000, 2004
• Team Bronze in 2004, fifth in 2000, fourth in 1996,
• Member of U.S. World Archery Team
o Team Silver 2002
o Bronze 1994
o Gold 1993
SEAL Adventure Challenge (SAC)
• Completed Navy SEAL STA for a second time, 2009
• First person in a wheelchair ever to attempt and finish a Navy SEAL (SAC) training course 2005
Toastmasters International of District Six, Speaker of the Year for Communication and Leadership in Community, State and Profession 2000
Augsburg College, Key Maker Award Recognition for Academic Achievement, Personal Growth, in College and Career 1997
Technical High School Commencement Speaker, St. Cloud, MN, 1993
The accident that paralyzed him occurred when he was training for the Olympics.
References
External links
Motivation on Wheels site
1975 births
American male archers
Archers at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic bronze medalists for the United States
Augsburg University alumni
Sportspeople from Waterloo, Iowa
Living people
People with tetraplegia
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in archery
Paralympic archers for the United States |
The following is a complete episode list of the television series Top Gear Australia since its launch in 2008 on SBS One, and its subsequent move to the Nine Network in 2010. As of 13 September 2011, there have been 23 episodes spanning 4 seasons, as well as 1 promotional special, and the final episode of 4th season is currently not shown, because of the cancellation of the show. The show was presented by Steve Pizzati, Shane Jacobson, Ewen Page and The Stig. Pizzati was the only host to make the move from SBS to Nine, with Jacobson & Page replacing Warren Brown & James Morrison. Motorcycling commentator Charlie Cox presented in series 1.
Series overview
Episodes
Series 1 (2008)
Series 2 (2009)
Series 3 (2010)
Series 4 (2011–12)
External links
Top Gear Australia |
Intrépide was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She was of three ships of the , all launched in 1747, the others being and .
Design
Designed by Blaise Ollivier and built by him until his death in October 1746, then completed by Luc Coulomb, her keel was laid down at Brest on 14 November 1745 towards the end of the War of the Austrian Succession and she was launched on 24 March 1747. The fifth ship of this type to be built by the French Navy, she was designed to the norms set for ships of the line by French shipbuilders in the 1740s to try to match the cost, armament and maneuverability of their British counterparts, since the Royal Navy had had a greater number of ships than the French since the end of the wars of Louis XIV. Without being standardized, dozens of French 74-gun ships were based on these norms right up until the start of the 19th century, slowly evolving to match new shipbuilding technologies and the wishes of naval tacticians and strategists.
Her 74 guns comprised 28 x 36-pounders on the lower deck, 30 x 18-pounders on the upper deck, 10 x 8-pounders on the quarterdeck and 6 x 8-pounders on the forecastle.
Service
War of the Austrian Succession
Intrépide fought at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre on 25 October 1747, forming part of Henri-François des Herbiers's division, which also included the admiral's flagship the 80-gun , the 74-gun Monarque and Terrible, four 56-to-68 gun ships and a 26-gun frigate. They were charged with escorting a convoy of over 250 merchant vessels to the Antilles and faced Edward Hawke and his 14-ship squadron.
The engagement lasted nearly seven hours and saw six French ships captured. Heading the French line and captained by the experienced commander de Vaudreuil, Intrépide was little damaged, since she was the last ship attacked by the British squadron. She escaped her pursuers and saved Tonnant, allowing her to disengage. The following dawn Intrépide managed to take Tonnant in tow. Their success was not only down to their commanders but also the fact that they were new powerful ships, easier to handle and with more modern armament than older ships in the British and French fleets. They arrived at Brest on 9 November 1747 whilst the convoy safely reached the Antilles.
She was used as the test-bed for an inclining experiment (the first such ever recorded) which was performed in May 1748 by François-Guillaume Clairain-Deslauriers.
Seven Years' War
In 1756 Intrépide was put under the command of Guy François de Kersaint and made the flagship of a fleet charged with capturing all British ships operating off the coast of Guinea. This proved a success and Intrépide moved to the Antilles, where she was attacked near Caicos on 21 October 1757 by three British ships in the Battle of Cap-Français. This lasted several hours and Intrépide was almost completely dismasted, whilst her captain was wounded twice, though she managed to force the British ships to retreat.
In 1759 she joined a twenty-one ship invasion fleet under maréchal de Conflans. She took part in the Battle of Les Cardinaux on 20 November that year under the command of Charles Le Mercerel de Chasteloger, joining in her attack on the British flagship . On the day after the French defeat Intrépide and seven other ships left the combat area to take refuge at Rochefort.
Intrépide subsequently underwent a rebuilding at Brest from 1758 to April 1759, carried out by Léon-Michel Guignace.
American Revolutionary War
From January 1776 to March 1778 Intrépide was commanded by François Joseph Paul de Grasse. She took part in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778 under the command of Châteauvert in the blue squadron, which formed the French fleet's rearguard and was commanded by Louis-Philippe d'Orléans. In 1780 she joined Guichen's fleet sent to fight in the Antilles. On 17 April 1780, under the command of Parscau-Plessix, she fought in the battle of Martinique, again in the rearguard. She was finally lost on 22 July 1781 off Cap Français, when a barrel of local rum caught fire and the ship was burned and sunk. Several crew members drowned.
Citations
References
Jean Meyer and Martine Acerra, Histoire de la marine française, Rennes, éditions Ouest-France, 1994
(1671-1870)
Ships of the line of the French Navy
1747 ships |
Martina Chukwuma-Ezike (born 1981) is the founder and CEO of the Asthma and Allergy Foundation, Scotland’s only dedicated asthma charity, and the first Black woman to be elected Rector of the University of Aberdeen, Scotland.
Biography
Martina Chukwuma-Ezike was born in Nigeria in 1981 and grew up in Cross River State. She first completed a diploma at the University of Calabar in Social Works, from 1999 to 2001, going on to study for a degree in Sociology in 2002, graduating in 2005 with a B.Sc.
After briefly working for the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, in 2008 she moved to the United Kingdom, where the following year she attained an MBA from the University of Aberdeen.
Suffering from a severe form of asthma, known as brittle asthma, which made studying difficult for her, Chukwuma-Ezike noticed the lack of suitable support available in the Northeast of Britain, which led to her decision to found a charity separate from Asthma UK in 2009 – Asthma and Allergy Foundation, Scotland's only asthma charity, of which she is chief executive.
In 2021, Chukwuma-Ezike was elected rector of the University of Aberdeen, taking over from Maggie Chapman, and becoming the first person of colour to hold the post.
Selected publications
What do you know about asthma? (2013, Xlibris:)
References
External links
Chukwuma-Ezike's LinkedIn page
Aberdeen
1981 births
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
University of Calabar alumni
Living people
Nigerian expatriate academics
Nigerian emigrants to the United Kingdom
People from Cross River State
People from Aberdeen
Women founders
Organization founders
Rectors of the University of Aberdeen |
James Pasqual Bettio is an American artist, photographer, educator, fashion designer, museum operator, and community organizer. He was a senator in the California Senior Legislature. He is the founder of the Park Labrea Arts Council. He attended the Brooks Institute of Photography beginning from 1960 to 1963, and received its Brooks Merit Achievement Award in 1967. He was named Photographer of the Year by the Professional Photographers of America, and was the historic youngest member named to the Royal Photographic Society. In 1970, he received the International Congress of Photographers award for artistic achievement, his 30th such international award as of that time.
He was recipient of Fellowship Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain in 1977. His photographs have appeared on covers of more than 100 national magazines.
References
Educators from California
American fashion designers
Photographers from California
American community activists
Living people
Activists from California
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Fleetwood Park was a 19th-century harness racing (trotting) track in what is now the Morrisania section of the Bronx in New York, United States. The races held there were a popular form of entertainment, drawing crowds as large as 10,000 from the surrounding area. The course described an unusual shape, with four turns in one direction and one in the other. For the last five years of operation, Fleetwood was part of trotting's Grand Circuit, one travel guide calling it "the most famous trotting track in the country".
The track operated under several managements between 1870 and 1898. Most notable was the New York Driving Club, consisting of many wealthy New York businessmen, including members of the Vanderbilt and Rockefeller families as well as former US president Ulysses S. Grant. Robert Bonner, owner and publisher of the New York Ledger, was a member, as was his brother David, who at one time served as president.
For most of its history, the track failed to turn a profit, the shortfall being made up annually from financial assessments of the membership. Economic pressures forced the track to close in 1898, and within two years the property was being subdivided into residential building lots. One of the few remaining vestiges of the track is the meandering route of 167th Street, which runs along a portion of the old racecourse.
Description
Fleetwood Park was located in the town of Morrisania, Westchester County (now the Morrisania section of the Bronx), on the west side of Railroad (now Park) Avenue. This area lies between Webster and Sheridan Avenues and 165th and 167th Streets on the modern Bronx street grid. The covered grandstand, clubhouse, judges' stand, and other buildings were clustered along the southwest corner of the track, adjacent to Sheridan Avenue. The clubhouse, a French Second Empire–style building, had a view of the track from above. Valentine's Manual described the park as "the broad acres of that well-known rendezvous of all lovers of the turf"; the New York Times variously described the track as "oddly-shaped" and "queer-shaped". An 1885 map shows it as roughly rectangular with a bulge on one side, yielding five turns – four to the left and one to the right, if run counter-clockwise. Modern-day 167th Street diverges from the otherwise rectilinear street grid with the oblique portion of the street following the northern leg of the racecourse. Another oddity was that the track was not level, dropping approximately in the first half-mile.
As many as 10,000 spectators attended races at Fleetwood. According to The Sun's Guide to New York (which promoted itself as providing "Suggestions to Sightseers and Practical Information for Practical People") the easiest way to get to the track was by train from Grand Central to Melrose station, with the trip taking 15 minutes. People also came by carriage from Manhattan, or steamboat from Fulton Market slip in Brooklyn and Peck Slip in Manhattan to the Morrisania dock from which they made connections by horse-drawn coaches.
When races were not being held, the grounds were used for other activities. In 1888, a winter carnival was set up, with toboggan slides, lighting, and music; on other occasions, pigeon shooting contests involving live birds and shotguns were held. An 1897 New York City ordinance forbade the discharge of firearms within the city; Fleetwood Park was noted as one of the specific areas exempted from the prohibition. The exemption was deleted from the ordinance in 1906, as the track was "no longer used as [a] shooting ground". In 1889, Fleetwood Park and nearby Claremont Park were considered as possible sites for an 1892 World's Fair. The fair was to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus arriving in the New World. In 1890, however, the US Congress designated Chicago as the host city for the World's Columbian Exposition.
Geology
In an 1881 study of the geology of the region, J. D. Dana described Fleetwood Park as "low and nearly flat, except its western side" and theorized this (along with other features of the area) was caused by limestone belts which were subject to easy erosion. Dana writes:
History
Before Fleetwood Park
Horses had been raced in the Fleetwood Park area as early as 1750, on a racecourse built by Staats Long Morris who took advantage of the relatively level land. The exact location of his track is unclear; it may have occupied the site which eventually became Fleetwood Park, or it may have been further north, adjacent to what is now Claremont Park. It is unknown how long the Morris track lasted, and there is no further record of racing in the immediate area until 1870. Two other racetracks operated in the Bronx at around the same time. Jerome Park, a thoroughbred track, was opened in 1866 and operated until 1890, when it was condemned by the city and the land repurposed to build Jerome Park Reservoir. Morris Park which operated from 1889 to 1904, also for thoroughbreds, was located in what is now the Morris Park neighborhood of the Bronx.
The name Fleetwood has been associated with this area since at least 1850, when the New York Industrial Home Association No. 1 was organized as a cooperative to build homes for "tradesmen, employees, and other persons of small means". "Monticello" was originally chosen as the name for this new settlement, although Fleetwood was one of several in consideration. This was soon changed to "Monticello City", and again in 1851 to "Mount Vernon". By 1852, newspaper advertisements were being placed which referred to the development as "Fleetwood". In 1855, the Harlem Railroad Company was also using the name "Fleetwood" in reference to a new rail station they were considering building in the area. The area around Morris Avenue and 165th Street is still referred to as the Fleetwood neighborhood of the Bronx.
Fleetwood Park era
In 1870, William Morris leased part of his estate to two brothers, Henry and Philip Dater, for a 20-year term. The Daters opened a racing track on June 8, 1871, on the grounds of what had previously been the Morris estate. At the time, this was still the Town of Morrisania, in Westchester County; it was annexed into New York City as the borough of the Bronx in 1874. The Daters' venture failed and the property reverted to Morris in 1880. It was leased in 1881 to the New York Driving Club (Gentlemen's Driving Association in some sources), who ran the track as Fleetwood Park. The New York Times observed in 1895 that the track had reached 25 years of continuous operation that year, outlasting many of the other trotting tracks of its day. The paper noted that $200,000 () had been invested in grading the terrain of the Morris estate to make it suitable for racing. A depression at the southeastern end had been filled and rocks at the northern end had to be removed by rock blasting and cutting. In 1896, the New York Driving Club renewed its lease with a $2,500 () reduction in rent. Pressure from real-estate developers led to the track being closed the next year with the last meeting held on October 8, 1897.
Post-closure
The track was permanently closed on January 1, 1898, when the city began constructing streets on the property. By the end of that month, the New York Driving Club had met to consider building a new track, two possible locations being discussed. One site of was near Mount Vernon, served by William's Bridge Road, Boston Road, and the Harlem River Railroad. The other site, with , was about closer to the city, along the Bronx and Pelham Parkway, not far from the Morris Park track. The latter was preferred by most of the membership. Alfred De Cordova, who had been elected president, stated:
Cordova noted that while the men in the club were "wealthy enough and ardent enough" they could raise the entire cost of the new track by themselves, four or five members being able to immediately contribute $150,000 () the club intended to issue bonds. It was estimated that the total cost to complete the track would be $280,000 (). Despite these proclamations, by the end of 1898, it was announced that the new track would be built in Yonkers and operated by William H. Clark. The following year, the Empire City Trotting Club began operations at Yonkers Raceway.
In 1898 (the same year Fleetwood Park closed) the Harlem River Speedway opened. This was a public roadway running from 155th Street to Dyckman Street, built on unused land in High Bridge Park along the shoreline of the Manhattan side of the Harlem River. It was intended to be used for trotters (sulkies, ridden horses, and bicycles were all prohibited), and built in lieu of previously approved plans for a trotting track in Central Park. In 1997, the New York Times described the speedway as:
Several years earlier, Robert Bonner had written:
By the 1910s, motorcar racing had eclipsed trotting and use of the speedway by carriages had fallen to fewer than 100 per day in 1916 and fewer than 20 per day in 1918. Automobiles were allowed onto the speedway in 1919. In the mid-20th century it was incorporated into the modern-day Harlem River Drive.
Within a few years of Fleetwood's closing, the property was divided into building lots by real estate developers. By August 1900, the clubhouse was the only structure left standing, and the Union Republican Club considered moving the building to their newly purchased property on 164th Street. The first part of the property to be developed was the block of Clay Avenue between 165th and 166th Streets, with thirty-two buildings (twenty-eight Warren C. Dickerson–designed semi-detached houses, plus three apartment buildings, and one private residence) erected between 1901 and 1910. In 1994, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated this block the Clay Avenue Historic District. What is modern-day Teller Avenue was originally named Fleetwood Avenue, after the track. The name was later changed to Teller Avenue, honoring Richard H. Teller, a member of the 1868 commission which authorized the first official street map of Morrisania, published in 1871.
Operation
For most of the track's lifetime, trotting races were run on the (one source says ) oval by the New York Driving Club. In 1892 The Sun's Guide described Fleetwood as "For a time... the most famous trotting track in the country". The Guide noted, however, that interest in harness racing by horse owners had waned, the track had "gone into a decline" and that the single annual meeting was "not an important meeting", not being part of harness racing's Grand Circuit.
The next year, the New York Driving Club was admitted to the Grand Circuit, along with another club in Detroit. This brought the Grand Circuit up to nine clubs: Pittsburgh, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester, Springfield (Massachusetts), Hartford, New York, and Philadelphia, allowing it to better compete with the Western-Southern Circuit. The clubs also agreed to increase cooperation with each other and made it more difficult to expand the circuit by requiring a two-thirds vote of existing members to admit any new members. Improvements in preparation for the track's first Grand Circuit meeting included upgrading the grandstand, painting fences, trimming foliage, and enlarging the band stand. A new starter, Frank Walker, was hired with the hopes of speeding up the scoring process.
The Sun's Guide lamented that the track was "famous more for the men who sent their horses there than for great races". Members of the club included William K. Vanderbilt, William Rockefeller, William C. Whitney, Leonard Jerome, Oliver Belmont, Cornelius Bliss, C. Oliver Iselin, Abram Hewitt and Nathan Straus. The membership varied significantly from year to year; reported as over 500 in 1886, it was down to 290 in 1891 and back up to 400 in 1892. Robert Bonner, owner and publisher of the New York Ledger and trotting aficionado had his stables nearby. Robert's younger brother, David, was also a member of the New York Driving Club and at one time served as its president. Robert was well known for paying large sums for horses; in 1884 he bought Maud S. from William H. Vanderbilt (William K.'s father) for $40,000 (). Five years later, he purchased Sunol from Leland Stanford for an unknown price only disclosed as being higher than that of Maud S.
Other notable attendees included former US president Ulysses S. Grant, who sometimes also drove horses at the track. Grant's skill with horses was well-known; he could ride, drive and train them as required. Modern-day Grant Avenue, named after the president, bisects the old racecourse; the track crossed it at what is now East 164th Street. Also named after the president was the Grant Hotel, frequented by the jockeys. This was located across the contemporary College Avenue from Robert Bonner's house, which was at the foot of modern-day Bonner Place.
Many well-known horses competed at Fleetwood. Perhaps the most famous was Maud S. (1874–1900), who held seven world-record times set over the span of six years. She was renowned for the high price Bonner paid for her. Alix (1888–1901), known as the "Queen of the Turf", was the world trotting champion for six years, and Directum (1889–1909) at one time held the record for fastest heat by a four-year-old. Goldsmith Maid (1857–1885) earned an estimated $364,200 () over 13 years, which was a prize-money record for half a century. Jay-Eye-See (1878–1909) and St. Julien (1869–1894) raced against each other on September 29, 1883. Nancy Hanks (1886–1915), owned by John Malcolm Forbes, held a series of world-record times including what the New York Times called "the greatest performance ever made in harness" at Fleetwood on September 1, 1893.
The club lost money most years. In 1893, the New York Times wrote:
The first year of profitable operations was 1893, when the Grand Circuit meeting and "special day profits" provided sufficient income. Major expenses were ground rent ($8,000, ) and labor ($4,178, ). Income was mostly from initiation fees, dues, and "transfer members" ($12,225, ) and stall rent ($4,408, ). The consolidated meeting and special day earned $1,183 () and $1,077 () respectively. Sale of manure brought in another $10 that year ().
Charter Oak Stakes
Charter Oak Park, a Grand Circuit harness racing track in Hartford, Connecticut, had opened in 1873. Twenty years later, Charter Oak canceled racing due to a "new law relating to pool selling and purse racing" and the Charter Oaks Stakes, first run in 1883, was transferred to Fleetwood. The Breeder and Sportsman wrote:
Two weeks later editor Joseph Simpson explained in the same publication:
The next year, the race was back at Charter Oak but, unlike all previous Grand Circuit meetings, with no betting at the track. The gate admission fee was waived in an attempt to draw spectators.
Incidents
On January 12, 1870, two men were seriously injured when a blasting charge exploded prematurely. The men had prepared the charge and were about to ignite it when it exploded for unknown reasons. On March 2, 1870, there was another explosion. Nitroglycerin—being used to clear rocks the previous day—had leaked into rock fissures beyond the intended location; this exploded when a crowbar caused a spark. One man was killed and several others were seriously injured.
The track also suffered fire damage. On June 15, 1873, an early morning fire in the stables destroyed 48 stalls, causing an estimated $12,000 () damage to the building, plus unknown damages to sulkies and other racing gear. Two horses worth a total of $11,000 () were killed. Another fire, on October 15, 1893, was discovered at 8:00am. Two horses, one worth $10,000 (), perished; another horse and his keeper were injured. Total damages to the buildings and horses was $20,000 (). Forty stalls were destroyed which the club intended to rebuild along with an additional 25 to 30 stalls, bringing the total to about 300.
Notes
References
1881 establishments in New York (state)
1898 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct horse racing venues in New York City
History of the Bronx
Morrisania, Bronx
Sports venues completed in 1881
Sports venues in the Bronx
Harness racing in the United States |
Flieden is a municipality in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany.
Traditionally called a “Königreich” (Kingdom), it may show a crown in its coat of arms.
Geography
Flieden is located in a valley north west of the Landrücken between the Vogelsberg and the Rhön. It is an area of low hills with the highest elevations being Knöschen near Buchenrod (509 m) and the Storker Küppel near Oberstork (470 m).
At the very center of Flieden the creeks Magdloser Wasser und Kautzer Wasser merge into the river Fliede which later flows into the Fulda.
In the north Flieden borders Neuhof and in the east Kalbach both in the district of Fulda. In the south and west Flieden borders Schlüchtern and Steinau an der Straße (Main-Kinzig-Kreis).
Besides the main locality, Flieden consists of the districts Berishof, Buchenrod, Döngesmühle, Federwisch, Fuldaische Höfe, Höf und Haid, Katzenberg, Kautz, Kellerei, Keutzelbuch, Langenau, Laugendorf, Leimenhof, Magdlos, Rückers, Schweben, Stork (Ober- and Unterstork), Storker Hof, Struth and Weinberg.
History
In 806 Flieden was first mentioned as “Mark Flieden” in a deed of donation to the monastery of Fulda.
In the Middle Ages Flieden was located at the Via Regia from Frankfurt am Main to Leipzig which was a very important country and military road in the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1868, Flieden station was opened with the Kinzig Valley Railway. The mountains between Flieden and Schlüchtern initially led to the decision to build a zig zag line in order to avoid building an almost 4 km long tunnel. This required all through trains to reverse at Elm, which led to increasing congestion as traffic increased with the connection of the Flieden–Gemünden railway to the line at Elm in 1873. Tunnel-building technology had improved significantly by the beginning of the 20th century, notably with the increased availability of dynamite. Thus in 1909 construction of the Schlüchtern tunnel began under Distelrasen; it was completed on 14 February 1914 and put into operation on 1 May. In 2009 a second tube was opened and the old tunnel is now being rebuilt as a single-track tunnel.
At the end of World War II about 1000 displaced persons from the former eastern territories of Germany settled in Flieden.
Statistics
References
External links
Map of Flieden (German)
Municipalities in Hesse
Fulda (district) |
Lorasar () is an abandoned village in the Amasia Municipality of the Shirak Province of Armenia.
Demographics
The population of the village since 1897 is as follows:
References
Former populated places in Shirak Province |
This is a list of the tallest structures in the Iran. The list contains all types of structures.
List
See also
List of tallest buildings in Iran
List of tallest buildings in Tehran
References
Tallest
Iran |
BLAST Pro Series was an international Counter-Strike: Global Offensive tournament. The tournament brought together six teams in a shortened two-day tournament format. The event rotated locations in cities around the world. The Danish esports organisation, RFRSH Entertainment, created the tournament in 2017.
The tournament series was discontinued in favor of the league-style BLAST Premier, which began in early 2020.
Editions
On December 1, 2019, the first BLAST Pro Series Global Finals took place in Bahrain, as the best four teams on their events along the year qualify for the 500,000 prize pool event.
Table key
References
External links
Official website
2017 in esports
2017 Danish television series debuts
Sports competitions in Copenhagen
Esports television series
Counter-Strike competitions |
```go
/*
* path_to_url
* All Rights Reserved.
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package functions
import (
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
func TestLtrim(t *testing.T) {
call := Ltrim{}
res, _ := call.Call([]interface{}{"hello world", "hello "})
assert.Equal(t, "world", res)
}
``` |
The 5th Dimension was a dark ride at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort in southwest London, England, when the theme park opened and was the first major special effects attraction of its kind in the UK. The ride closed at the end of the 1993 season and was replaced by Terror Tomb, which in turn has been replaced by Tomb Blaster. The ride was designed with cars that could stop and rotate to face what was happening in the scene; the same transit system is in use today.
History
The ride opened in the summer of 1987, designed and produced by Madame Tussauds Studios and originally sponsored by Hitachi. The ride followed the character of "computer trouble shooter" robot Zappomatic, through a series of eclectic scenes set inside a malfunctioning computer generated reality, with large scale animations and special effects. The layout and format of transit system was designed by John Wardley and manufactured by Mack Rides.
Upon its initial opening, The 5th Dimension was considered a disappointment by the park management because it did not attract enough attendance. Once in the ride, guest reception was largely positive but with confusion about its narrative thread. The ride was extensively redesigned for its second season to make it more appealing to younger visitors, including rewriting Zappomatic as a TV repair robot on a mission to defeat a virus named "The Gorg". This allowed the ride to operate for another six seasons, until being replaced by Terror Tomb in 1994.
See also
Chessington World of Adventures Resort
Terror Tomb
Tomb Blaster
References
External links
Restored on-ride recording from 1988
The 5th Dimension documentary with the ride's 1987 designers
Dark rides
1987 establishments in England
1993 disestablishments in England
Chessington World of Adventures past rides |
"Rette mich" () is a song by German rock band Tokio Hotel, released as the third single from their debut album, Schrei (2005). The single version of "Rette mich", re-recorded as lead singer Bill Kaulitz's voice began to deepen, formed part of the Schrei - so laut du kannst release. The band later recorded an English-language version of the song, entitled "Rescue Me", for their third studio album Scream.
Music video
The video involves the band playing in what looks like a boarded-up, abandoned room. The walls of the room start closing in on the second verse. The main storyline of the video however, is about lead singer Bill Kaulitz singing in a similar room, alone. As he gets up, he finds it hard to keep his balance - he keeps sliding around everywhere. He tries to grab hold of objects numerous times, but in the end gives up and slides; at this moment the rest of the band appears in the room.
Track listings
German CD single
"Rette mich" (video version) – 3:50
"Rette mich" (acoustic version) – 3:42
German maxi-CD single
"Rette mich" (video version) – 3:49
"Rette mich" (acoustic version) – 3:42
"Thema Nr. 1" (demo 2003) – 3:14
"Rette mich" (video) – 3:48
"Durch den Monsun" (live video) – 5:42
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Tokio Hotel songs
2005 songs
2006 singles
Songs in German
Island Records singles
Number-one singles in Austria
Number-one singles in Germany
Songs written by David Jost |
Villers-le-Gambon is a village in the municipality of Philippeville, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.
The area has been settled since pre-Christian times. Excavations have brought to light graves from the Frankish era. When the Florennes Abbey was founded, Villers-le-Gambon was among the villages donated to the abbey. After the Middle Ages, the village suffered devastation during the wars between Spain and France. The current village church, in Neo-Gothic style, dates from 1850.
References
External links
Former municipalities of Namur (province) |
Dampierre-sur-Linotte () is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Haute-Saône department
References
Communes of Haute-Saône |
James Balfour (1731–1809) was a Scottish priest in the Church of England who was an early missionary to Newfoundland. He was sent by the Bishop of London in 1764 to be a missionary in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, where he discovered a rowdy community sometimes reluctant to receive his ministry—he frequently complained in letters of the "barbarous lawless place," where music and dancing were engaged in on Sunday, fights (particularly between English and Irish) and break-ins were commonplace, and where common-law marriage was a frequent practice. In March 1769 he was even assaulted, seemingly at random. Nevertheless, Balfour eventually managed to make considerable headway in increasing the size of his congregation and in raising money to repair the local church.
In October 1775 he finally persuaded the superiors at the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel to transfer him to Harbour Grace. He was not much better received there, as the town was largely Catholic and Presbyterian and Quaker, and the congregation also wished for a younger minister. William Lampen, the schoolmaster, wrote to the SPG, complaining that the minister was drinking heavily and rarely conducted services. Both Lampen and Balfour were dismissed, and Balfour lived on his salary as a pension until his death.
References
Frederick Jones, (2000) "James Balfour", Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1731 births
1809 deaths
People from Harbour Grace |
Dalwood is a village and county parish in the East Devon district of the English county of Devon. It is approximately away from the nearest town, Axminster, and away from Honiton. Dalwood can be accessed by the nearby A35 road. The village is placed within the Blackdown Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Along with the nearby village of Stockland, until 1842 the village was a part of an outlier of the county of Dorset.
Dalwood is a small village with a church, a primary school, village hall and public house.
St Peter's church is 15th century and was restored in 1881. It has some early stained glass windows. Immediately to the right of the main door (and partly visible in photograph) is the grave of Pedro de Alcantara Travassos Valdez, a son of the Portuguese soldier and Prime Minister José Lucio Travassos Valdez, 1st Count of Bonfim.
Nearby Loughwood Meeting House just north of the A35 road is an 18th-century Baptist chapel with an unaltered interior. Some landscaped gardens are opened to the public at nearby Burrow Farm.
Home to the 800 year old thatched English Inn with original inglenook fireplace and flagstone floors, the tuckers arms are now esteemed for great food and hospitality
References
External links
Dalwood Village Website
Villages in Devon |
Salim Sayegh is a Lebanese academic and politician who served as minister of social affairs from 2009 to 2011.
Early life and education
Sayegh was born into a Maronite family. He graduated from Lebanese American University in 1983. He received a master's degree in international relations and diplomacy in 1989. He also holds a PhD in law from the University of Paris in 1992.
Career
Sayegh worked as professor at the University of South Paris from 1993 to 2009 and also, served as the director of university's conflict resolution center during the same period. He is a member of the Kataeb party and was elected as second vice president in February 2008 when Amine Gemayel became the president of the party. He has also been a member of the party's political bureau and head of the foreign affairs committee in the party since 2008,
Sayegh was appointed minister of social affairs in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Saad Hariri on 9 November 2009. Sayegh resigned from his party post following his appointment as minister. He was among the members of the committee that was charged with drafting the government program. Sayegh's tenure lasted until June 2011, and he was replaced by Wael Abou Faour as minister.
In addition, he is a member of World Bank board for social politics in the MENA region.
References
External links
Living people
Lebanese American University alumni
University of Paris alumni
Academic staff of Paris-Sud University
Kataeb Party politicians
Government ministers of Lebanon
Lebanese Maronites
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Moltkeviertel (Moltke Quarter) is a district of the German city of Essen. It is located near the centre of the town, as the crow flies just over a kilometre to the south-east of the Essen main railway station. It is bounded by the thoroughfares Kronprinzenstrasse, Ruhrallee, Töpferstrasse and Rellinghauserstasse and by the railway line from Essen Main Station to Essen-Werden (S6 rapid transit link to Düsseldorf and Cologne). Administratively, it belongs to the urban districts of Essen-Südostviertel and Essen-Huttrop. The centre point of the Moltkeviertel is the Robert-Schmidt-Berufskolleg (vocational college), formerly the Königliche Baugewerkschule (Royal Building College) Essen, at the corner of Moltkestrasse and Robert-Schmidt-Strasse.
Town planning
In terms of town planning, the Moltkeviertel was conceived at the beginning of the 20th century as a single unit. As a response to the lack of high-quality residential housing in the up-and-coming and prosperous city of Essen, it was planned by the visionary town planner and city councillor Professor Robert Schmidt following principles which are partly still relevant today and were at that time revolutionary. This included, among other things, the creation of broad urban ventilation lanes in the form of wide streets and cohesive green zones. The notions behind these extended parks in the immediate vicinity of the houses, sometimes with large playing and sporting areas – the tennis courts were planned as early as 1908 – were essentially reformative in character and these facilities are still very much in use today. The naming of the quarter's streets after great master builders such as Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Gottfried Semper, Joseph Maria Olbrich and others testifies to the great esteem in which architecture was held. On the other hand, the idea of giving the quarter's largest street and largest square the name of the Prussian field marshal Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von Moltke is more a reflection of the prevailing zeitgeist between the turn of the century and the First World War.
Reform architecture
From 1908 on, the roughly half a square kilometre site purchased by the city was developed: splendid mansions were constructed, as were semi-detached and terraced houses and company head offices, built according to individual plans and to suit the respective owner's finances – in the style of Reform Architecture (German: Reformarchitektur) throughout. With a clock tower towering above everything, the Königliche Baugewerkschule (Royal Building College) Essen, the centrepiece of the quarter, was constructed between 1908 and 1911. The Staatliche Ingenieurschule für Bauwesen (State Civil Engineering College) later occupied the building, and this was succeeded by the Kaufmännische Schule III der Stadt Essen (Commercial College III of the City of Essen) on 30 August 1982. This was renamed to Robert-Schmidt-Berufskolleg (Robert Schmidt Vocational College) in August 2000. Georg Metzendorf, Edmund Körner and other prominent architects created in the immediate vicinity architecture for the prosperous middle classes, architecture which at that time provided residences of a high, sometimes the highest standard – especially in the form of prestigious mansions. Even after a hundred years, they constitute a desirable residential quarter. At Moltkeplatz, Otto Bartning built his first church in Germany (consecrated in 1910) for the Old Lutheran parish (now SELK – Independent Lutheran Church). Subsequently, he designed the nearby Church of the Resurrection (Auferstehungskirche), built in 1929, which is one of the most important models for modern church construction in central Europe. At the corner of Moltkestrasse and Camillo-Sitte-Platz, the building housing the residence and studio (subsequently only the studio) of Edmund Körner was constructed in 1928/29, exhibiting both elements of the Neues Bauen movement and industrial structures, such as at the mine site Zeche Zollverein. Many of the old buildings and the Moltke Bridge are listed monuments. A major portion of the quarter has been subject to a preservation statute since 1983, something to which the quarter's "traditionally self-confident residents" are highly committed.
Green spaces
Alongside the parks and the many old trees, the large front gardens provided for in Robert Schmidt's plans for the houses help make the Moltkeviertel into a garden city, especially when seen from above. But in contrast to a garden city in the original form, in the Moltkeviertel there is no spatial separation of working and living areas. Rather the workplaces – primarily educational, medical, administrative, engineering consulting and legal practices – are cheek by jowl with residential buildings. In a publication of the Bund Deutscher Architekten (German Architects' Federation) and the city of Essen dated 2004 (see below) it is stated that the Moltkeviertel was originally planned for approximately 4,000 residents and approximately 3,000 workplaces.
In the southern part of the Moltkeviertel, work started in 1925 on creating an unusual park in the form of the so-called Wiebe-Anlage – the first of its kind in Germany. This public park is located in an area enclosed by a block of houses. The back gardens of the individual houses border directly on the park with its children's playground and green areas.
Contemporary art
Offering a sharp visual contrast to the adjacent terrace of old houses in the northern section of Moltkeplatz, the Essen gallery owner Jochen Krüper (died 2002) together with Uwe Rüth (formerly director of the Glaskasten Sculpture Museum Marl), began in 1981 to assemble on the Moltkeplatz green a high quality ensemble of contemporary sculptures (see Literature). It includes major works by Heinz Breloh, Christa Feuerberg, Hannes Forster, Gloria Friedmann, Lutz Fritsch, Friedrich Gräsel, Ansgar Nierhoff, and Ulrich Rückriem. These are now preserved and cared for under a sponsorship agreement by the association Kunst am Moltkeplatz e.V., which was formed by local residents. Alongside these permanent exhibits, the project "junge Kunst am Moltkeplatz" (young Art at Moltkeplatz) was started in 2010 which presents, for a fixed period in each case, a selected work of a young artist. At other locations in the Moltkeviertel, it is also possible to see contemporary art works in an external setting – for example at the corner of Moltkestrasse and Schinkelstrasse, sometimes on private land such as in the central section of Semperstrasse, and at the northern end of Moltkeplatz.
Significant buildings
At Schinkelstrasse No. 34, there stands the former residence of Gustav Heinemann, Essen's first elected mayor after the Second World War and the third President of the Federal Republic of Germany. Moltkestrasse No. 31 is the Essen branch of the Deutsche Bundesbank (German Federal Bank). The hospital of the Huyssens Foundation on Henricistrasse and the Elisabeth Hospital on the opposite side of the Ruhrallee, together with their neighbouring medical facilities, constitute a major medical welfare and treatment complex. The Villa Koppers, Moltkeplatz No. 61, the former residence of the industrialist Heinrich Koppers, now houses the International School Ruhr.
In the year of the RUHR.2010 European Capital of Culture, the Independent Lutheran Church SELK parish celebrated the 100th anniversary of its listed church building designed by Otto Bartning. Later in the same year the residents at Moltkeplatz commemorated the naming of the square 100 years ago. The former Royal Building College Essen, built by Edmund Körner (now the Robert Schmidt Vocational College), will be 100 years old in 2011.
Literature
Tankred Stachelhaus: "Das Essener Moltkeviertel – Weltweit einzigartige RaumKunst", in Rheinische Kunststätten, vol. 521. Cologne 2010,
Silke Lück: "Das Moltkeviertel in Essen" in Rheinische Kunststätten, vol. 449. Cologne 2000, (This booklet is out of print; further information can be obtained from the association Kunst am Moltkeplatz; see weblinks)
Bund Deutscher Architekten (German Architects' Federation) and City of Essen – Amt für Stadtplanung und Bauordnung (Office for Urban Planning and Construction Policy) (Ed.): Visionäres Essen – Von der Industriestadt zur Dienstleistungs-Metropole. (Catalogue for the exhibition of the same name (Part 1) on the occasion, among other things, of the city jubilee "1150 Years of the City and Foundation of Essen" in 2002 and in the Vienna Planning Workshop of the Municipality of the City of Vienna, MA 18 17 March, 6 April 2005, V.i.S.d.P. Ernst Kurz.) Essen 2004 (2nd, supplemented edition).
Uwe Rüth (ed.): Material und Raum, Installationen + Projekte, Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Galerie Heimeshoff Jochen Krüper, Essen 1990/1991, (This book is out of print; further information can be obtained from the association Kunst am Moltkeplatz; see weblinks).
References
External links
Article on the Moltkeviertel by the regional NRW Architects´ Federation
Website relating to the Moltkeviertel
Website of the association Kunst am Moltkeplatz KaM e.V. (Art at the Moltkeplatz)
International School Ruhr
Independent Lutheran Church SELK at Moltkeplatz
Essen
Landmarks in Germany |
```c++
/*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the
* names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/**
* @file
* This file includes definitions for Thread Link Metrics.
*/
#include "link_metrics.hpp"
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_INITIATOR_ENABLE || OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_SUBJECT_ENABLE
#include "common/code_utils.hpp"
#include "common/encoding.hpp"
#include "common/locator_getters.hpp"
#include "common/log.hpp"
#include "common/num_utils.hpp"
#include "common/numeric_limits.hpp"
#include "instance/instance.hpp"
#include "mac/mac.hpp"
#include "thread/link_metrics_tlvs.hpp"
#include "thread/neighbor_table.hpp"
namespace ot {
namespace LinkMetrics {
RegisterLogModule("LinkMetrics");
static constexpr uint8_t kQueryIdSingleProbe = 0; // This query ID represents Single Probe.
static constexpr uint8_t kSeriesIdAllSeries = 255; // This series ID represents all series.
// Constants for scaling Link Margin and RSSI to raw value
static constexpr uint8_t kMaxLinkMargin = 130;
static constexpr int32_t kMinRssi = -130;
static constexpr int32_t kMaxRssi = 0;
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_INITIATOR_ENABLE
Initiator::Initiator(Instance &aInstance)
: InstanceLocator(aInstance)
{
}
Error Initiator::Query(const Ip6::Address &aDestination, uint8_t aSeriesId, const Metrics *aMetrics)
{
Error error;
Neighbor *neighbor;
QueryInfo info;
SuccessOrExit(error = FindNeighbor(aDestination, neighbor));
info.Clear();
info.mSeriesId = aSeriesId;
if (aMetrics != nullptr)
{
info.mTypeIdCount = aMetrics->ConvertToTypeIds(info.mTypeIds);
}
if (aSeriesId != 0)
{
VerifyOrExit(info.mTypeIdCount == 0, error = kErrorInvalidArgs);
}
error = Get<Mle::Mle>().SendDataRequestForLinkMetricsReport(aDestination, info);
exit:
return error;
}
Error Initiator::AppendLinkMetricsQueryTlv(Message &aMessage, const QueryInfo &aInfo)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
Tlv tlv;
// The MLE Link Metrics Query TLV has two sub-TLVs:
// - Query ID sub-TLV with series ID as value.
// - Query Options sub-TLV with Type IDs as value.
tlv.SetType(Mle::Tlv::kLinkMetricsQuery);
tlv.SetLength(sizeof(Tlv) + sizeof(uint8_t) + ((aInfo.mTypeIdCount == 0) ? 0 : (sizeof(Tlv) + aInfo.mTypeIdCount)));
SuccessOrExit(error = aMessage.Append(tlv));
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::Append<QueryIdSubTlv>(aMessage, aInfo.mSeriesId));
if (aInfo.mTypeIdCount != 0)
{
QueryOptionsSubTlv queryOptionsTlv;
queryOptionsTlv.Init();
queryOptionsTlv.SetLength(aInfo.mTypeIdCount);
SuccessOrExit(error = aMessage.Append(queryOptionsTlv));
SuccessOrExit(error = aMessage.AppendBytes(aInfo.mTypeIds, aInfo.mTypeIdCount));
}
exit:
return error;
}
void Initiator::HandleReport(const Message &aMessage, OffsetRange &aOffsetRange, const Ip6::Address &aAddress)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
bool hasStatus = false;
bool hasReport = false;
Tlv::ParsedInfo tlvInfo;
ReportSubTlv reportTlv;
MetricsValues values;
uint8_t status;
uint8_t typeId;
OT_UNUSED_VARIABLE(error);
VerifyOrExit(mReportCallback.IsSet());
values.Clear();
for (; !aOffsetRange.IsEmpty(); aOffsetRange.AdvanceOffset(tlvInfo.GetSize()))
{
SuccessOrExit(error = tlvInfo.ParseFrom(aMessage, aOffsetRange));
if (tlvInfo.mIsExtended)
{
continue;
}
// The report must contain either:
// - One or more Report Sub-TLVs (in case of success), or
// - A single Status Sub-TLV (in case of failure).
switch (tlvInfo.mType)
{
case StatusSubTlv::kType:
VerifyOrExit(!hasStatus && !hasReport, error = kErrorDrop);
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::Read<StatusSubTlv>(aMessage, aOffsetRange.GetOffset(), status));
hasStatus = true;
break;
case ReportSubTlv::kType:
VerifyOrExit(!hasStatus, error = kErrorDrop);
// Read the report sub-TLV assuming minimum length
SuccessOrExit(error = aMessage.Read(aOffsetRange, &reportTlv, sizeof(Tlv) + ReportSubTlv::kMinLength));
VerifyOrExit(reportTlv.IsValid(), error = kErrorParse);
hasReport = true;
typeId = reportTlv.GetMetricsTypeId();
if (TypeId::IsExtended(typeId))
{
// Skip the sub-TLV if `E` flag is set.
break;
}
if (TypeId::GetValueLength(typeId) > sizeof(uint8_t))
{
// If Type ID indicates metric value has 4 bytes length, we
// read the full `reportTlv`.
SuccessOrExit(error = aMessage.Read(aOffsetRange.GetOffset(), reportTlv));
}
switch (typeId)
{
case TypeId::kPdu:
values.mMetrics.mPduCount = true;
values.mPduCountValue = reportTlv.GetMetricsValue32();
LogDebg(" - PDU Counter: %lu (Count/Summation)", ToUlong(values.mPduCountValue));
break;
case TypeId::kLqi:
values.mMetrics.mLqi = true;
values.mLqiValue = reportTlv.GetMetricsValue8();
LogDebg(" - LQI: %u (Exponential Moving Average)", values.mLqiValue);
break;
case TypeId::kLinkMargin:
values.mMetrics.mLinkMargin = true;
values.mLinkMarginValue = ScaleRawValueToLinkMargin(reportTlv.GetMetricsValue8());
LogDebg(" - Margin: %u (dB) (Exponential Moving Average)", values.mLinkMarginValue);
break;
case TypeId::kRssi:
values.mMetrics.mRssi = true;
values.mRssiValue = ScaleRawValueToRssi(reportTlv.GetMetricsValue8());
LogDebg(" - RSSI: %u (dBm) (Exponential Moving Average)", values.mRssiValue);
break;
}
break;
}
}
VerifyOrExit(hasStatus || hasReport);
mReportCallback.Invoke(&aAddress, hasStatus ? nullptr : &values,
hasStatus ? MapEnum(static_cast<Status>(status)) : MapEnum(kStatusSuccess));
exit:
LogDebg("HandleReport, error:%s", ErrorToString(error));
}
Error Initiator::SendMgmtRequestForwardTrackingSeries(const Ip6::Address &aDestination,
uint8_t aSeriesId,
const SeriesFlags &aSeriesFlags,
const Metrics *aMetrics)
{
Error error;
Neighbor *neighbor;
uint8_t typeIdCount = 0;
FwdProbingRegSubTlv fwdProbingSubTlv;
SuccessOrExit(error = FindNeighbor(aDestination, neighbor));
VerifyOrExit(aSeriesId > kQueryIdSingleProbe, error = kErrorInvalidArgs);
fwdProbingSubTlv.Init();
fwdProbingSubTlv.SetSeriesId(aSeriesId);
fwdProbingSubTlv.SetSeriesFlagsMask(aSeriesFlags.ConvertToMask());
if (aMetrics != nullptr)
{
typeIdCount = aMetrics->ConvertToTypeIds(fwdProbingSubTlv.GetTypeIds());
}
fwdProbingSubTlv.SetLength(sizeof(aSeriesId) + sizeof(uint8_t) + typeIdCount);
error = Get<Mle::Mle>().SendLinkMetricsManagementRequest(aDestination, fwdProbingSubTlv);
exit:
LogDebg("SendMgmtRequestForwardTrackingSeries, error:%s, Series ID:%u", ErrorToString(error), aSeriesId);
return error;
}
Error Initiator::SendMgmtRequestEnhAckProbing(const Ip6::Address &aDestination,
EnhAckFlags aEnhAckFlags,
const Metrics *aMetrics)
{
Error error;
Neighbor *neighbor;
uint8_t typeIdCount = 0;
EnhAckConfigSubTlv enhAckConfigSubTlv;
SuccessOrExit(error = FindNeighbor(aDestination, neighbor));
if (aEnhAckFlags == kEnhAckClear)
{
VerifyOrExit(aMetrics == nullptr, error = kErrorInvalidArgs);
}
enhAckConfigSubTlv.Init();
enhAckConfigSubTlv.SetEnhAckFlags(aEnhAckFlags);
if (aMetrics != nullptr)
{
typeIdCount = aMetrics->ConvertToTypeIds(enhAckConfigSubTlv.GetTypeIds());
}
enhAckConfigSubTlv.SetLength(EnhAckConfigSubTlv::kMinLength + typeIdCount);
error = Get<Mle::Mle>().SendLinkMetricsManagementRequest(aDestination, enhAckConfigSubTlv);
if (aMetrics != nullptr)
{
neighbor->SetEnhAckProbingMetrics(*aMetrics);
}
else
{
Metrics metrics;
metrics.Clear();
neighbor->SetEnhAckProbingMetrics(metrics);
}
exit:
return error;
}
Error Initiator::HandleManagementResponse(const Message &aMessage, const Ip6::Address &aAddress)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
OffsetRange offsetRange;
Tlv::ParsedInfo tlvInfo;
uint8_t status;
bool hasStatus = false;
VerifyOrExit(mMgmtResponseCallback.IsSet());
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::FindTlvValueOffsetRange(aMessage, Mle::Tlv::Type::kLinkMetricsManagement, offsetRange));
for (; !offsetRange.IsEmpty(); offsetRange.AdvanceOffset(tlvInfo.GetSize()))
{
SuccessOrExit(error = tlvInfo.ParseFrom(aMessage, offsetRange));
if (tlvInfo.mIsExtended)
{
continue;
}
switch (tlvInfo.mType)
{
case StatusSubTlv::kType:
VerifyOrExit(!hasStatus, error = kErrorParse);
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::Read<StatusSubTlv>(aMessage, offsetRange.GetOffset(), status));
hasStatus = true;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
VerifyOrExit(hasStatus, error = kErrorParse);
mMgmtResponseCallback.Invoke(&aAddress, MapEnum(static_cast<Status>(status)));
exit:
return error;
}
Error Initiator::SendLinkProbe(const Ip6::Address &aDestination, uint8_t aSeriesId, uint8_t aLength)
{
Error error;
uint8_t buf[kLinkProbeMaxLen];
Neighbor *neighbor;
SuccessOrExit(error = FindNeighbor(aDestination, neighbor));
VerifyOrExit(aLength <= kLinkProbeMaxLen && aSeriesId != kQueryIdSingleProbe && aSeriesId != kSeriesIdAllSeries,
error = kErrorInvalidArgs);
error = Get<Mle::Mle>().SendLinkProbe(aDestination, aSeriesId, buf, aLength);
exit:
LogDebg("SendLinkProbe, error:%s, Series ID:%u", ErrorToString(error), aSeriesId);
return error;
}
void Initiator::ProcessEnhAckIeData(const uint8_t *aData, uint8_t aLength, const Neighbor &aNeighbor)
{
MetricsValues values;
uint8_t idx = 0;
VerifyOrExit(mEnhAckProbingIeReportCallback.IsSet());
values.SetMetrics(aNeighbor.GetEnhAckProbingMetrics());
if (values.GetMetrics().mLqi && idx < aLength)
{
values.mLqiValue = aData[idx++];
}
if (values.GetMetrics().mLinkMargin && idx < aLength)
{
values.mLinkMarginValue = ScaleRawValueToLinkMargin(aData[idx++]);
}
if (values.GetMetrics().mRssi && idx < aLength)
{
values.mRssiValue = ScaleRawValueToRssi(aData[idx++]);
}
mEnhAckProbingIeReportCallback.Invoke(aNeighbor.GetRloc16(), &aNeighbor.GetExtAddress(), &values);
exit:
return;
}
Error Initiator::FindNeighbor(const Ip6::Address &aDestination, Neighbor *&aNeighbor)
{
Error error = kErrorUnknownNeighbor;
Mac::Address macAddress;
aNeighbor = nullptr;
VerifyOrExit(aDestination.IsLinkLocalUnicast());
aDestination.GetIid().ConvertToMacAddress(macAddress);
aNeighbor = Get<NeighborTable>().FindNeighbor(macAddress);
VerifyOrExit(aNeighbor != nullptr);
VerifyOrExit(aNeighbor->GetVersion() >= kThreadVersion1p2, error = kErrorNotCapable);
error = kErrorNone;
exit:
return error;
}
#endif // OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_INITIATOR_ENABLE
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_SUBJECT_ENABLE
Subject::Subject(Instance &aInstance)
: InstanceLocator(aInstance)
{
}
Error Subject::AppendReport(Message &aMessage, const Message &aRequestMessage, Neighbor &aNeighbor)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
Tlv tlv;
Tlv::ParsedInfo tlvInfo;
uint8_t queryId;
bool hasQueryId = false;
uint16_t length;
uint16_t offset;
OffsetRange offsetRange;
MetricsValues values;
values.Clear();
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
// Parse MLE Link Metrics Query TLV and its sub-TLVs from
// `aRequestMessage`.
SuccessOrExit(error =
Tlv::FindTlvValueOffsetRange(aRequestMessage, Mle::Tlv::Type::kLinkMetricsQuery, offsetRange));
for (; !offsetRange.IsEmpty(); offsetRange.AdvanceOffset(tlvInfo.GetSize()))
{
SuccessOrExit(error = tlvInfo.ParseFrom(aRequestMessage, offsetRange));
if (tlvInfo.mIsExtended)
{
continue;
}
switch (tlvInfo.mType)
{
case SubTlv::kQueryId:
SuccessOrExit(error =
Tlv::Read<QueryIdSubTlv>(aRequestMessage, tlvInfo.mTlvOffsetRange.GetOffset(), queryId));
hasQueryId = true;
break;
case SubTlv::kQueryOptions:
SuccessOrExit(error =
ReadTypeIdsFromMessage(aRequestMessage, tlvInfo.mValueOffsetRange, values.GetMetrics()));
break;
default:
break;
}
}
VerifyOrExit(hasQueryId, error = kErrorParse);
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
// Append MLE Link Metrics Report TLV and its sub-TLVs to
// `aMessage`.
offset = aMessage.GetLength();
tlv.SetType(Mle::Tlv::kLinkMetricsReport);
SuccessOrExit(error = aMessage.Append(tlv));
if (queryId == kQueryIdSingleProbe)
{
values.mPduCountValue = aRequestMessage.GetPsduCount();
values.mLqiValue = aRequestMessage.GetAverageLqi();
values.mLinkMarginValue = Get<Mac::Mac>().ComputeLinkMargin(aRequestMessage.GetAverageRss());
values.mRssiValue = aRequestMessage.GetAverageRss();
SuccessOrExit(error = AppendReportSubTlvToMessage(aMessage, values));
}
else
{
SeriesInfo *seriesInfo = aNeighbor.GetForwardTrackingSeriesInfo(queryId);
if (seriesInfo == nullptr)
{
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::Append<StatusSubTlv>(aMessage, kStatusSeriesIdNotRecognized));
}
else if (seriesInfo->GetPduCount() == 0)
{
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::Append<StatusSubTlv>(aMessage, kStatusNoMatchingFramesReceived));
}
else
{
values.SetMetrics(seriesInfo->GetLinkMetrics());
values.mPduCountValue = seriesInfo->GetPduCount();
values.mLqiValue = seriesInfo->GetAverageLqi();
values.mLinkMarginValue = Get<Mac::Mac>().ComputeLinkMargin(seriesInfo->GetAverageRss());
values.mRssiValue = seriesInfo->GetAverageRss();
SuccessOrExit(error = AppendReportSubTlvToMessage(aMessage, values));
}
}
// Update the TLV length in message.
length = aMessage.GetLength() - offset - sizeof(Tlv);
tlv.SetLength(static_cast<uint8_t>(length));
aMessage.Write(offset, tlv);
exit:
LogDebg("AppendReport, error:%s", ErrorToString(error));
return error;
}
Error Subject::HandleManagementRequest(const Message &aMessage, Neighbor &aNeighbor, Status &aStatus)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
OffsetRange offsetRange;
Tlv::ParsedInfo tlvInfo;
FwdProbingRegSubTlv fwdProbingSubTlv;
EnhAckConfigSubTlv enhAckConfigSubTlv;
Metrics metrics;
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::FindTlvValueOffsetRange(aMessage, Mle::Tlv::Type::kLinkMetricsManagement, offsetRange));
// Set sub-TLV lengths to zero to indicate that we have
// not yet seen them in the message.
fwdProbingSubTlv.SetLength(0);
enhAckConfigSubTlv.SetLength(0);
for (; !offsetRange.IsEmpty(); offsetRange.AdvanceOffset(tlvInfo.GetSize()))
{
uint16_t minTlvSize;
Tlv *subTlv;
OffsetRange tlvOffsetRange;
SuccessOrExit(error = tlvInfo.ParseFrom(aMessage, offsetRange));
if (tlvInfo.mIsExtended)
{
continue;
}
tlvOffsetRange = tlvInfo.mTlvOffsetRange;
switch (tlvInfo.mType)
{
case SubTlv::kFwdProbingReg:
subTlv = &fwdProbingSubTlv;
minTlvSize = sizeof(Tlv) + FwdProbingRegSubTlv::kMinLength;
break;
case SubTlv::kEnhAckConfig:
subTlv = &enhAckConfigSubTlv;
minTlvSize = sizeof(Tlv) + EnhAckConfigSubTlv::kMinLength;
break;
default:
continue;
}
// Ensure message contains only one sub-TLV.
VerifyOrExit(fwdProbingSubTlv.GetLength() == 0, error = kErrorParse);
VerifyOrExit(enhAckConfigSubTlv.GetLength() == 0, error = kErrorParse);
VerifyOrExit(tlvInfo.GetSize() >= minTlvSize, error = kErrorParse);
// Read `subTlv` with its `minTlvSize`, followed by the Type IDs.
SuccessOrExit(error = aMessage.Read(tlvOffsetRange, subTlv, minTlvSize));
tlvOffsetRange.AdvanceOffset(minTlvSize);
SuccessOrExit(error = ReadTypeIdsFromMessage(aMessage, tlvOffsetRange, metrics));
}
if (fwdProbingSubTlv.GetLength() != 0)
{
aStatus = ConfigureForwardTrackingSeries(fwdProbingSubTlv.GetSeriesId(), fwdProbingSubTlv.GetSeriesFlagsMask(),
metrics, aNeighbor);
}
if (enhAckConfigSubTlv.GetLength() != 0)
{
aStatus = ConfigureEnhAckProbing(enhAckConfigSubTlv.GetEnhAckFlags(), metrics, aNeighbor);
}
exit:
return error;
}
Error Subject::HandleLinkProbe(const Message &aMessage, uint8_t &aSeriesId)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
OffsetRange offsetRange;
SuccessOrExit(error = Tlv::FindTlvValueOffsetRange(aMessage, Mle::Tlv::Type::kLinkProbe, offsetRange));
error = aMessage.Read(offsetRange, aSeriesId);
exit:
return error;
}
Error Subject::AppendReportSubTlvToMessage(Message &aMessage, const MetricsValues &aValues)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
ReportSubTlv reportTlv;
reportTlv.Init();
if (aValues.mMetrics.mPduCount)
{
reportTlv.SetMetricsTypeId(TypeId::kPdu);
reportTlv.SetMetricsValue32(aValues.mPduCountValue);
SuccessOrExit(error = reportTlv.AppendTo(aMessage));
}
if (aValues.mMetrics.mLqi)
{
reportTlv.SetMetricsTypeId(TypeId::kLqi);
reportTlv.SetMetricsValue8(aValues.mLqiValue);
SuccessOrExit(error = reportTlv.AppendTo(aMessage));
}
if (aValues.mMetrics.mLinkMargin)
{
reportTlv.SetMetricsTypeId(TypeId::kLinkMargin);
reportTlv.SetMetricsValue8(ScaleLinkMarginToRawValue(aValues.mLinkMarginValue));
SuccessOrExit(error = reportTlv.AppendTo(aMessage));
}
if (aValues.mMetrics.mRssi)
{
reportTlv.SetMetricsTypeId(TypeId::kRssi);
reportTlv.SetMetricsValue8(ScaleRssiToRawValue(aValues.mRssiValue));
SuccessOrExit(error = reportTlv.AppendTo(aMessage));
}
exit:
return error;
}
void Subject::Free(SeriesInfo &aSeriesInfo) { mSeriesInfoPool.Free(aSeriesInfo); }
Error Subject::ReadTypeIdsFromMessage(const Message &aMessage, const OffsetRange &aOffsetRange, Metrics &aMetrics)
{
Error error = kErrorNone;
OffsetRange offsetRange = aOffsetRange;
aMetrics.Clear();
while (!offsetRange.IsEmpty())
{
uint8_t typeId;
SuccessOrExit(aMessage.Read(offsetRange, typeId));
switch (typeId)
{
case TypeId::kPdu:
VerifyOrExit(!aMetrics.mPduCount, error = kErrorParse);
aMetrics.mPduCount = true;
break;
case TypeId::kLqi:
VerifyOrExit(!aMetrics.mLqi, error = kErrorParse);
aMetrics.mLqi = true;
break;
case TypeId::kLinkMargin:
VerifyOrExit(!aMetrics.mLinkMargin, error = kErrorParse);
aMetrics.mLinkMargin = true;
break;
case TypeId::kRssi:
VerifyOrExit(!aMetrics.mRssi, error = kErrorParse);
aMetrics.mRssi = true;
break;
default:
if (TypeId::IsExtended(typeId))
{
offsetRange.AdvanceOffset(sizeof(uint8_t)); // Skip the additional second byte.
}
else
{
aMetrics.mReserved = true;
}
break;
}
offsetRange.AdvanceOffset(sizeof(uint8_t));
}
exit:
return error;
}
Status Subject::ConfigureForwardTrackingSeries(uint8_t aSeriesId,
uint8_t aSeriesFlagsMask,
const Metrics &aMetrics,
Neighbor &aNeighbor)
{
Status status = kStatusSuccess;
VerifyOrExit(0 < aSeriesId, status = kStatusOtherError);
if (aSeriesFlagsMask == 0) // Remove the series
{
if (aSeriesId == kSeriesIdAllSeries) // Remove all
{
aNeighbor.RemoveAllForwardTrackingSeriesInfo();
}
else
{
SeriesInfo *seriesInfo = aNeighbor.RemoveForwardTrackingSeriesInfo(aSeriesId);
VerifyOrExit(seriesInfo != nullptr, status = kStatusSeriesIdNotRecognized);
mSeriesInfoPool.Free(*seriesInfo);
}
}
else // Add a new series
{
SeriesInfo *seriesInfo = aNeighbor.GetForwardTrackingSeriesInfo(aSeriesId);
VerifyOrExit(seriesInfo == nullptr, status = kStatusSeriesIdAlreadyRegistered);
seriesInfo = mSeriesInfoPool.Allocate();
VerifyOrExit(seriesInfo != nullptr, status = kStatusCannotSupportNewSeries);
seriesInfo->Init(aSeriesId, aSeriesFlagsMask, aMetrics);
aNeighbor.AddForwardTrackingSeriesInfo(*seriesInfo);
}
exit:
return status;
}
Status Subject::ConfigureEnhAckProbing(uint8_t aEnhAckFlags, const Metrics &aMetrics, Neighbor &aNeighbor)
{
Status status = kStatusSuccess;
Error error = kErrorNone;
VerifyOrExit(!aMetrics.mReserved, status = kStatusOtherError);
if (aEnhAckFlags == kEnhAckRegister)
{
VerifyOrExit(!aMetrics.mPduCount, status = kStatusOtherError);
VerifyOrExit(aMetrics.mLqi || aMetrics.mLinkMargin || aMetrics.mRssi, status = kStatusOtherError);
VerifyOrExit(!(aMetrics.mLqi && aMetrics.mLinkMargin && aMetrics.mRssi), status = kStatusOtherError);
error = Get<Radio>().ConfigureEnhAckProbing(aMetrics, aNeighbor.GetRloc16(), aNeighbor.GetExtAddress());
}
else if (aEnhAckFlags == kEnhAckClear)
{
VerifyOrExit(!aMetrics.mLqi && !aMetrics.mLinkMargin && !aMetrics.mRssi, status = kStatusOtherError);
error = Get<Radio>().ConfigureEnhAckProbing(aMetrics, aNeighbor.GetRloc16(), aNeighbor.GetExtAddress());
}
else
{
status = kStatusOtherError;
}
VerifyOrExit(error == kErrorNone, status = kStatusOtherError);
exit:
return status;
}
#endif // OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_SUBJECT_ENABLE
uint8_t ScaleLinkMarginToRawValue(uint8_t aLinkMargin)
{
// Linearly scale Link Margin from [0, 130] to [0, 255].
// `kMaxLinkMargin = 130`.
uint16_t value;
value = Min(aLinkMargin, kMaxLinkMargin);
value = value * NumericLimits<uint8_t>::kMax;
value = DivideAndRoundToClosest<uint16_t>(value, kMaxLinkMargin);
return static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
}
uint8_t ScaleRawValueToLinkMargin(uint8_t aRawValue)
{
// Scale back raw value of [0, 255] to Link Margin from [0, 130].
uint16_t value = aRawValue;
value = value * kMaxLinkMargin;
value = DivideAndRoundToClosest<uint16_t>(value, NumericLimits<uint8_t>::kMax);
return static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
}
uint8_t ScaleRssiToRawValue(int8_t aRssi)
{
// Linearly scale RSSI from [-130, 0] to [0, 255].
// `kMinRssi = -130`, `kMaxRssi = 0`.
int32_t value = aRssi;
value = Clamp(value, kMinRssi, kMaxRssi) - kMinRssi;
value = value * NumericLimits<uint8_t>::kMax;
value = DivideAndRoundToClosest<int32_t>(value, kMaxRssi - kMinRssi);
return static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
}
int8_t ScaleRawValueToRssi(uint8_t aRawValue)
{
int32_t value = aRawValue;
value = value * (kMaxRssi - kMinRssi);
value = DivideAndRoundToClosest<int32_t>(value, NumericLimits<uint8_t>::kMax);
value += kMinRssi;
return ClampToInt8(value);
}
} // namespace LinkMetrics
} // namespace ot
#endif // OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_INITIATOR_ENABLE || OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_SUBJECT_ENABLE
``` |
Winnipeg Hydro is a former provider of electrical power for the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Winnipeg Hydro was established in 1906 as City Hydro. It was purchased by Manitoba Hydro in 2002.
History
Private electrical generators in the early years of the 20th century charged 20 cents per kilowatt hour for electrical energy. The City of Winnipeg charter did not allow it to operate an electrical utility, so city alderman John Wesley Cockburn obtained development rights for the site at Pointe du Bois Falls. In 1906 the city charter was amended and Cockburn transferred development rights to the city.
In 1906, voters approved a $3.25 million expenditure for development of a hydroelectric plant at Pointe du Bois. Immediately following the decision to build the Pointe du Bois plant, the price of electricity charged by the private sector in Winnipeg dropped from 20 cents per kilowatt-hour to 10 cents and subsequently to 7 1/2 cents. After commissioning the first units of the plant in 1911, Winnipeg Hydro set its rate at 3 1/3 cents per kilowatt-hour. This rate remained unchanged until 1973. Customers of Winnipeg Hydro enjoyed among the lowest electricity rates in North America. Increasing electrical demand from the city and the Manitoba Power Commission led to the installation of additional generating units at Pointe Du Bois, with a final capacity of 78 megawatts.
In 1924 City Hydro constructed a two-unit coal-fired generating station at Amy Street, with a total capacity of 10 megawatts. Two more units were added in the 1950s bringing total capacity to 50 MW. The Amy Street plant provided electric power and district heating steam until it closed in 1990. During the Second World War, the city saved coal at the Amy Street plant by using surplus hydroelectric power to raise steam for district heating. In 1931 the first two units at Slave Falls were commissioned, generating 17 megawatts. An additional six units installed from 1937 though 1948 brought the station capacity to 67 megawatts.
In 1955, City Hydro sold all its suburban distribution system to the Manitoba Power Commission, and purchased all former privately owned distribution within the city, becoming sole electrical utility in the downtown Winnipeg area. It was agreed that City Hydro would obtain all additional electrical capacity by purchase from the Manitoba Hydro Electric Board instead of developing additional generating stations.
The century-old Pointe du Bois plant has required significant investment to maintain its facilities. An original unit was replaced with a Straflo turbine in 1999, increasing station capacity to 75 MW.
Among the final achievements as Winnipeg Hydro were the recorded revenues higher than previous years. Infrastructure improvements included the completion of No. 6 Substation (Amy St) building and equipment installation as well as the completion of the installation of new underground cable to connect Scotland Avenue Terminal Station to No. 2 Substation (York) at York Avenue and Garry Street. The last Director of Winnipeg Hydro was Ian McKay.
On February 8, 2002 Manitoba Premier Gary Doer and Winnipeg Mayor Glen Murray confirmed formal offer by Manitoba Hydro for the purchase of Winnipeg Hydro.
On June 26, 2002, Bob Brennan, President & CEO of Manitoba Hydro and Gail Stephens, Chief Administrative Officer of the City of Winnipeg signed the Asset Purchase Agreement to finalize the deal for Manitoba Hydro's purchase of Winnipeg Hydro.
In September 2002, Winnipeg Hydro officially closed its doors and became a part of Manitoba Hydro.
Footnotes
Manitoba Hydro
Defunct electric power companies of Canada
Defunct companies of Manitoba
Hydroelectric power stations in Canada
Energy companies established in 1906
Renewable resource companies established in 1906
Renewable resource companies disestablished in 2002
1906 establishments in Manitoba
2002 disestablishments in Manitoba
Companies formerly owned by municipalities of Canada
Canadian companies established in 1906
2002 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct companies based in Winnipeg |
Sarah Colby Spain (born August 18, 1980) is an American sports reporter. She works as an espnW.com columnist, ESPN Radio host, ESPN television personality and occasional SportsCenter reporter for ESPN.
Early life and education
Spain was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and raised in Lake Forest, Illinois.
In 1998, as a senior at Lake Forest High School, Spain was the MVP and captain of her track and field, field hockey and basketball teams. Spain attended Cornell University, where she majored in English. She was a heptathlete on the Cornell Big Red track and field team, for which she was co-captain her senior year.
Super Bowl XLI
Spain gained notoriety in 2007 when she made a post on eBay offering to be someone's "date" to Super Bowl XLI, in which the Chicago Bears played the Indianapolis Colts. She was living in Los Angeles at the time and, expecting to go to the game with friends, had purchased a plane ticket to Miami. However, her friends decided they couldn't afford to go, leaving Spain solo and without a game ticket. She described the auction as a stunt to get media attention, with the hope that a company would try to gain publicity by sponsoring her attendance at the Super Bowl. Word of the auction reached Unilever, the makers of Axe Body Spray, who covered Spain's costs to attend the game and in turn began a media campaign to "see how many guys would do the same thing for a chance to see their team play."
Spain states that criticisms of the Super Bowl stunt misinterpret both her actions and motives.
Career
Before joining ESPN, Spain worked for Fox Sports Net, MouthpieceSports.com, ChicagoNow.com and was the recurring guest-host of WGN's radio show called ChicagoNow Radio. Spain also worked as a sideline reporter for the Big Ten Network and hosted the Coors Light Fantasy Players Minute. She was one of the original co-hosts of the WGN-TV show Chicago's Best, with Ted Brunson and Brittney Payton. She joined ESPN 1000 in Chicago in 2010 and signed on as a writer for espnW.com in October of the same year.
On January 23, 2015, ESPN announced that it was launching a new radio show called Spain & Prim with Spain and anchor Prim Siripipat as the co-hosts. In January 2016, Spain, Jane McManus and Kate Fagan launched a new national ESPN Radio show, The Trifecta, and Spain launched her own ESPN podcast, That's What She Said. Spain has appeared on a variety of ESPN television shows, including: His & Hers (formerly Numbers Never Lie), Olbermann, Mike & Mike, The Dan Le Batard Show with Stugotz, First Take, The Sports Reporters, "Highly Questionable" and Outside The Lines. On February 25, 2016, Spain made her first appearance on ESPN's Around the Horn. In September 2016, Spain inked a new multi-year deal with ESPN and launched a national ESPN Radio show, Izzy & Spain, with co-host Israel Gutierrez. In 2017, she hosted Fantasy Football Island with Mike Golic Jr.
In 2018, Spain and co-host Jason Fitz (a former member of The Band Perry) launched the national radio show Spain & Fitz. In 2019, Fitz moved to mornings, and the show (with rotating co-hosts) was renamed Spain & Company. In August 2020, Fitz returned as co-host of the evening broadcast, again known as Spain & Fitz.
On March 1, 2021, the Chicago Red Stars of the National Women's Soccer League announced that Spain had joined the women's soccer team's ownership group. She was bought out when Laura Ricketts' investor group purchased the team in September 2023.
#MoreThanMean
In 2016, Spain, along with Chicago sports radio host Julie DiCaro, appeared in a video entitled "More Than Mean," in which unsuspecting, ordinary men read real, degrading tweets directed to Spain and DiCaro to them while sitting face-to-face. The video was meant to highlight the sexual harassment, unjust criticism, rape threats, and death threats that female sportscasters face online simply for doing their jobs. The four-minute video, produced by Just Not Sports and One Tree Forest Films, won a 2016 Peabody Award in the Public Service category.
Accolades
Crain's Chicago 40 Under 40 (2017)
Peabody Award (2017)
Gracie Award (2016, 2017)
Sports Clio Grand Award (2016)
Deadline Club Award (2018)
Sports Emmy Awards (2018, 2018)
References
External links
Cornell University 2001-02 Women's Track and Field bio
One on One with Sarah Spain - Cornell Alumni Association
Sarah Spain's profile on Facebook
Sarah Spain's profile on Twitter
1980 births
Living people
American sports radio personalities
Cornell University alumni
ESPN people
Sportspeople from Chicago
Sportspeople from Cleveland
Women sports journalists
American sports journalists
People from Lake Forest, Illinois
Lake Forest High School (Illinois) alumni
Chicago Red Stars owners |
Podelmis cruzei, is a species of riffle beetle found in Sri Lanka.
References
Elmidae
Insects of Sri Lanka
Insects described in 1982 |
Tall Baman () is a village in Tombi Golgir Rural District, Golgir District, Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Masjed Soleyman County |
The castra of Odorheiu Secuiesc was a fort built in the 1st century AD. A nearby contemporary settlement was also archeologically identified. The castra and the settlement were abandoned in the 3rd century. Their ruins are located in Odorheiu Secuiesc () in Romania. At the same settlement, the ruins of a Roman tower can also be identified at Piatra Coţofană ().
See also
List of castra
External links
Roman castra from Romania - Google Maps / Earth
Notes
Roman legionary fortresses in Romania
Ancient history of Transylvania
Historic monuments in Harghita County
Odorheiu Secuiesc |
Kutnohorite is a rare calcium manganese carbonate mineral with magnesium and iron that is a member of the dolomite group. It forms a series with dolomite, and with ankerite. The end member formula is , but and commonly substitute for , with the manganese content varying from 38% to 84%, so the formula better represents the species. It was named by Professor Bukowsky in 1901 after the type locality of Kutná Hora, Bohemia, in the Czech Republic. It was originally spelt "kutnahorite" but "kutnohorite" is the current IMA-approved spelling.
Dolomite group
dolomite,
Ankerite,
Kutnohorite,
Minrecordite,
Unit cell
There are three formula units per unit cell (Z = 3) and the lengths of the sides are a close to 4.9 Å and c between 16 Å and 17 Å, although different sources give slightly different values, as follows:
a = 4.915 Å, c = 16.639 Å
a = 4.8518(3) Å, c = 16.217(2) Å
a = 4.85 Å, c = 16.34 Å
Structure
The crystal class is trigonal , space group R, the same as for the other members of the dolomite group. There are layers of groups perpendicular to the long crystal axis c, and between these layers there are layers of the cations and . If there were perfect ordering amongst the cations they would separate into different layers, giving rise to the ordered sequence: along the c axis; not all specimens, however, display such ordering.
Optical properties
Kutnohorite may be white, pale pink or light brown. The pink shades are due to increased manganese and the brown colours are due to increased iron content. The mineral is translucent with a white to pale pink streak and vitreous to dull luster. It is uniaxial (-) with refractive indices No = 1.710 to 1.727 and Ne = 1.519 to 1.535, similar to dolomite. The ordinary refractive index, No, is high, comparable with spinel (1.719).
Physical properties
Kutnohorite occurs as aggregates of bundled blades of white through rose pink to light brown crystals. Also as simple rhombs with curved faces, polycrystalline spherules and in massive and granular habits. It has perfect rhombohedral cleavage, typical of carbonates. It is brittle with a subconchoidal fracture and it is quite soft, with hardness 3.5 to 4, between calcite and fluorite. Specific gravity is 3.12, denser than both dolomite and calcite. It is soluble in acids, as are all carbonates.
Occurrence
Kutnohorite occurs typically in manganiferous sediments, associated with rhodochrosite, aragonite and calcite. Notable occurrences include Tuscany, Italy and Kutná Hora, Czech Republic.
It probably occurs at the Trepča Mines, Stari Trg, Kosovo, in the Balkans. At the Eldorado Mine, Ouray County, Colorado, US, it occurs as tiny white crystals partially encrusting quartz and dolomite.
At the Ryujima Mine, Nagano Prefecture in Japan, magnesian kutnohorite occurs with quartz and rhodochrosite.
The type locality is Poličany, Kutná Hora, Central Bohemia Region, Bohemia, Czech Republic, and type material is conserved at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US.
References
External links
JMol: http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/viewJmol.php?id=01069
Carbonate minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Dolomite group
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 148 |
Agustín Magaldi Coviello (December 1, 1898 – September 8, 1938) was an Argentinian tango and milonga singer. His nickname was "La voz sentimental de Buenos Aires" ("The sentimental voice of Buenos Aires"). Magaldi took part in the opening broadcasts of Argentina's LOY Radio Nacional in July 1924.
Magaldi suffered from liver disease and was admitted to Sanatorium Otamendi early in September 1938. An operation by Dr. Pedro Valdez was successful, but Magaldi died 48 hours later. He was buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.
Portrayal in Evita
In the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice musical Evita, Magaldi is depicted as bringing Eva to Buenos Aires and so is therefore referred to as "the first man to be of use to Eva Duarte".
There is some disagreement, however, about the role Magaldi played in Eva's real life, or that they knew each other. For example, in the 1981 biography Evita: The Real Life of Eva Perón, biographers Marysa Navarro and Nicholas Fraser write that there are no records of Magaldi performing in Eva's hometown of Junín in the year that Eva is said to have met Magaldi:
"Most accounts of Evita's life say that she fell in love with the spotlight image of Magaldi or that she decided to seduce him and use him; but that, in either event, she was introduced to him, asked him to take her to Buenos Aires, and when he wavered, forced her way into his train compartment and rode with him to the city, thus leaving her family and becoming a married man's mistress. Yet there is no record of the tango singer's having come to Junín that year. Magaldi, a mild man who was devoted to his mother, used to bring his wife on tour, and it is hard to understand what he would have seen in small, skinny Eva María. If he did help her leave Junín, it is likely that his assistance was of the most innocuous kind. Evita's sister insists that doña Juana, prodded by don Pepe, accompanied Evita to the city. According to her account, mother and daughter kept visiting the radio stations until they found a programme for which a young girl was needed."
A major deviation from history is that the musical depicts Magaldi as performing at a charity concert given in aid of the victims of an earthquake in San Juan, Argentina. The concert, where Eva Duarte and Juan Perón met for the first time, occurred on January 22, 1944 when Magaldi had been dead for over five years.
References
External links
Agustín Magaldi by Pablo Taboada and Ricardo García Blaya.
Agustín Magaldi biography and controversy over his birthplace
Agustín Magaldi at Tango.info
Agustín Magaldi recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings
1898 births
1938 deaths
Argentine tango musicians
Singers from Rosario, Santa Fe
Tango singers
Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery
20th-century Argentine male singers
Deaths from liver disease
Argentine people of Italian descent |
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 42, commonly referred to as Highway 42, is a highway in central Alberta, Canada that connects Highway 2A in Penhold, about south of the city of Red Deer, to Highway 21 near the Hamlet of Lousana.
Major intersections
From west to east.
References
042 |
Myrsine ceylanica is plant species in the family Primulaceae.
References
ceylanica
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
```text
Alternative Names
0
PARAM.SFO
/*
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games24.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-226.html
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#
AoB Infinite Team Points
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B 00010000 04000000
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#
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B 00010000 04000000
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B 00010000 04000000
B 80C600047D05192E7D2307B490C70004 38C003E77D05192E7D2307B490C70004
#
``` |
Mike "Pink" Pinkerton is an American software engineer who is known for his work on the Mozilla browsers. He lectures on Development of Open Source Software at George Washington University.
Pinkerton studied at University of California, San Diego where he graduated with a B.S. in Computer Science, then at Georgia Institute of Technology where he graduated with a Master's Degree in Computer Science.
Pinkerton started working at Netscape Communications in June 1997 where he worked on the Netscape Navigator and then Mozilla browsers. While at Netscape he started development of the Camino (then Chimera) web browser with Dave Hyatt. Hyatt, whom Pinkerton inexplicably refers to as "Jinglepants," was hired by Apple Inc. to work on the Safari browser and Pinkerton became the Camino project lead. In October 2002 he started working at AOL as Netscape Communications became a division within AOL.
In September 2005, he accepted a position at Google where he originally was part of their Firefox team. On January 9, 2006, Pinkerton announced on his blog that he had moved to Google's "Mac Client Team". On September 3, 2008, he announced on his blog that he was working on Mac port of Google's Chrome browser.
In 2018 Pink’s team launched version 69 of Chrome iOS as part of the Chrome 10th Anniversary.
Prior to his Chrome work, Mike was the Technical Lead for Google Desktop for Mac.
References
External links
Mike's Slice of Home - a personal website
Mike Pinkerton on Camino - "Open Source Developers at Google" Speaker Series
Sucking less, on a budget - a personal weblog
Interview with Camino project head Mike Pinkerton - a September 2004 interview with Ars Technica
Mozilla developers
Open source people
Computer programmers
American bloggers
Google employees
Living people
Georgia Tech alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Karaikudi taluk is a taluk of Sivagangai district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the city of Karaikudi
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Karaikudi had a population of 300,811 with 149,602 males and 151,209 females. There were 1011 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 77.23. Child population in the age group below 6 was 24,571 Males and 23,983 Females.
References
Taluks of Sivaganga district |
Trevelyan is a Welsh and Cornish name derived from a place-name which originally meant "farmstead 'trev' or Tref (town in Welsh) of Elyan".
People with the surname
Anne-Marie Trevelyan (born 1969), British Conservative Party politician, Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick upon Tweed since 2015
Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet, 2nd creation (1807–1886), British civil servant
Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet, 2nd creation (1870–1958), British Member of Parliament
Francis Trevelyan Buckland (1826–1880), English surgeon, zoologist, popular author and natural historian
George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876–1962), British historian and university administrator
Sir George Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet, 1st creation (1707–1768)
Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, 2nd creation (1838–1928), British statesman and historian, as George Otto Trevelyan
Sir George Trevelyan, 4th Baronet, 2nd creation (1906–1996), British new age spiritualist
Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan (1905–1985), British diplomat and author
John Trevelyan (disambiguation)
Julian Trevelyan (1910–1988), English artist and poet
Julian Trevelyan (pianist) (born 1998), British concert pianist
Laura Trevelyan (born 1968), BBC journalist
Mary Caroline Moorman (1905 - 1994) née Trevelyan, English historian
R. C. Trevelyan (1872–1951), English poet and translator
Raleigh Trevelyan (1923–2014), British author, editor and publisher
Robert Trevelyan (cricketer) (born 1970), English former first-class cricketer
Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, 6th Baronet, 1st creation (1797–1879)
Walter Trevelyan (1821–1894), English first-class cricketer and barrister
Characters
Alec Trevelyan, a character in the James Bond movie GoldenEye
Dr. Francis Trevelyan, a character in The Spy with a Cold Nose
Dr. Trevelyan, a character in "The Adventure of the Resident Patient" by Arthur Conan Doyle
Captain Trevelyan, a character in The Sittaford Mystery by Agatha Christie
Louis Trevelyan, a character in He Knew He Was Right by Anthony Trollope
Christian Trevelyan Grey, a character in Fifty Shades of Grey by EL James
Kurt Trevelyan, a character in Halo: Ghosts of Onyx by Eric Nylund
Trevelyan, a character who escaped the inundation of the sea when Lyonesse was engulfed
Inquisitor Trevelyan, a potential player character in Dragon Age: Inquisition
Colley Trevelyan, a character in "Sparrows in the Scullery" by Barbara Brooks Wallace
Armand Trevelyan, a character in Isaac Asimov's novella "Profession"
Maxim Trevelyan, character in The Mister by E. L. James.
People with the forename
Trevelyan Richards, coxswain of the RNLI lifeboat during the Penlee lifeboat disaster
Other
Trevelyan baronets
Trevelyan College, Durham, England
Trevelyan, an 1833 novel by Caroline Lucy Scott
Trevelyan's char (Salvelinus colii), a cold-water fish
See also
Louise Trevillyan
Trevelin
Cornish-language surnames
Welsh-language surnames |
Idappadi block is a revenue block in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 10 panchayat villages. They are:
Adaiyur
Avaniperur East
Chettimankurichi
Chithoor
Dhadhapuram
Iruppali
Nedungulam
Pakkanadu
Vellarivelli
Vembaneri
References
Revenue blocks of Salem district |
Sir Francis Hepburn Chevallier-Boutell F.R.G.S (1851-1937) was a British engineer and sports manager, who served as President of the Argentine Association Football League between 1900 and 1906.
Biography
Chevallier-Boutell was born in Aspall, Suffolk, England, son of Charles Boutell and Mary Chevallier. He studied at the prestigious private school St John's College. Around 1875, he arrived at the Río de la Plata, where was married to Rosa Granero, born in Montevideo.
Established in Buenos Aires he served as a representative of several British railway companies, including the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company, and East Argentine Railway. He was member of Club del Progreso, Jockey Club, Círculo de Armas and Lomas Athletic Club.
In 1900, Francis Hepburn Chevallier-Boutell was in charge of the AFA, serving as president of this institution until 1906. He organizes the tournament The Tie Cup Competition, an international tournament played between teams from Argentina and Uruguay.
References
External links
www.fifa.com
archive.org
familysearch.org
1851 births
1937 deaths
Engineers from Buenos Aires
People from Mid Suffolk District
English railway mechanical engineers
English emigrants to Argentina
Presidents of the Argentine Football Association
Río de la Plata |
Latioubdo is a village located in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kara Region
Bassar Prefecture |
Margrit Olfert, née Herbst (born 10 February 1947 in Magdeburg) is a retired East German athlete who specialized in the long jump and pentathlete.
She competed for the sports club SC Magdeburg during her active career.
Achievements
References
1947 births
Living people
East German female long jumpers
East German pentathletes
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for East Germany
Sportspeople from Magdeburg
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
FISU World University Games gold medalists for East Germany
Medalists at the 1973 Summer Universiade
People from Bezirk Magdeburg
SC Magdeburg athletes |
The Albert Goldfield Ruins is a heritage-listed former gold mining area on the Silver City Highway, Milparinka about 25 km south of Tibooburra, New South Wales, Australia. Surviving remnants of the larger Albert Goldfield, they were built from 1880. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History
Gold was first discovered in the area during October 1880, when John Thompson and a friend found payable gold at Mt Poole. About five months later James Evans found about 14 ounces of alluvial gold at Mount Brown. News of the find caused a rush to this remote location. As the country was opened up, rushes also occurred at Easter Monday, Good Friday, Nuggety Hill, The Granites and many other areas as gold was found. Reefs such as the Pioneer and Warratta Creek were found. In a very short space of time an auriferous belt some 50 miles by 10 had been opened up.
This became known as the Albert goldfield with Milparinka as the main settlement. Milparinka is an Aboriginal word meaning water can be found here. As there was no water at Mt Browne, the miner's chose to camp at Evelyn Creek, which later became known as Milparinka.
The discovery of gold at Mt Browne, some twenty miles south of Mt Poole was announced in February 1881 amid much scepticism from the print media. Newspapers warned prospective miners of the many deaths from thirst and heat which had occurred when a similar rush had occurred 150 miles south of Mt Poole. Despite these dire warnings, over one thousand men soon flocked to the site of the new discovery. The Albert or Mt Browne goldrush had begun.
The Albert Goldfield was declared in early 1881. By the end of 1881, several of the 25 quartz claims near Warratta Creek had been formed into public companies, based in Melbourne and Adelaide. It was reported that gold showed freely in the quartz veins, but the Mining Warden warned that shortages of timber, firewood and the high cost of transporting materials and equipment would make the cost of extraction high.
Conditions were harsh and miners tended to converge on sites where water, no matter how small the amount, existed. Such supplies were quickly exhausted. Water shortages prompted the carting of excavated soil from Mt Browne to Milparinka for washing. Other miners resorted to dry-blowing to extract the gold. At times, neither teams of bullocks or horses could transport supplies into the field and miners were reported to go for days without flour, subsisting on mutton and "wild spinach" which grew near the creeks. Camel trains, travelling overland from Beltana in South Australia were introduced to help alleviate transportation problems. Illness also took its toll on the miners. In 1882 temporary hospitals had to be established at Milparinka and Tibooburra as scurvy and ophthalmia (Barcoo Rot) were rife and there were many deaths from dysentery and a fever similar to typhoid fever.
Albert Town was established in 1882 and sits between two arms of Warratta Creek. Warratta Reef (later known as The Reefs), discovered in 1881 as part of the initial exploration of the Albert Goldfield, and worked continuously from that time onwards is immediately to the west, while the Pioneer, Elizabeth, Phoenix and Rosemount reefs are to the east of the creek.
Warratta Reef was mined by trenching following particular visible quartz seams and other exploratory trenches running across the line of reefs to intercept buried reefs. A number of shafts and shallow holes were dug. Because of the aridity of the area the technique of dry-blowing was a major source of gold yield. Initially this was through dish winnowing, and later machines were developed.
The goldfield had a great impact on the remote region, bringing a range of resources, including goods, labour, capital investment and public awareness to the Corner Country. The influx of resources can be seen in how the area competed, although only for a year or two, with Silverton as a successful centre in the far west of New South Wales.
By the end of 1882 the goldfield had settled into an established demographic pattern which saw Milparinka and Tibooburra as the major centres, Mt Browne as a struggling community with sporadic bursts of alluvial mining and Albert as a struggling community which was abandoned before the turn of the century.
While initially producing 11,900 ounces in 1881 gold production declined markedly with only 387 ounces produced in 1906. Both the drought and Depression of the 1890s severally impacted on the Albert Goldfield and can be related to the decline in production.
Description
Albert Goldfield and Albert Town are situated approximately 25 kilometres south of Tibooburra along the Silver City Highway. Nine structures built of local stone are standing above the surface of the ground and another three masonry structures are fairly close to the ground. The remains are spread over an area of c. 50 metres north - south and 150 metres east - west. The masonry structures generally consist of fireplaces and wall alignments mostly constructed of mass angular sedimentary chunks of slate. Evidence of superstructures is limited.
The overall integrity and intactness of the structures were reported as high as at 31 March 2006 allowing their form, function and interrelationship to be easily established. The archaeological remains are particularly illustrative and informative of geological and mining techniques of the period and have the potential to provide further research information relating to the miners responses to their surroundings, especially distance from service and population centres, aridity, the area's geology and the skewed sex ratios of the area.
Integrity and intactness are high. Almost all of the structures retain enough original fabric to allow their form, function and interrelationship to be easily established.
Heritage listing
The Albert Goldfield is of state significance. It irrevocably altered the nature of the northwest of the state, giving it considerable regional importance. It was the first mining locality to tap into the arid country mineral fields of Australia and as such paved the way for the mineral exploration of the Australian interior using a range of technologies for arid country goldmining that originated on the Albert Goldfield. The overall integrity and intactness of the structures is high allowing their form, function and interrelationship to be easily established. The archaeological remains are particularly illustrative and informative of geological and mining techniques of the period and have the potential to provide further research information relating to the miners responses to their surroundings, especially distance from service and population centres, aridity, the area's geology and the skewed sex ratios of the area.
Albert Goldfield was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
Has a national significant because the Albert Goldfield was the first mining locality to tap into the arid country mineral fields of Australia, and as such paved the way for mineral exploration of the Australian interior. The Albert Goldfield saw the start of a range of technologies being developed for arid country gold mining which were used to great effect elsewhere in the Northern Territory, Queensland and especially Western Australia. It was effectively, the springboard for the desert goldfields of Australia.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The setting of the Albert Goldfield and Albert Town are aesthetically pleasing as an arid landscape. The appearance of the building remains, ash heaps, mining trenches and other cultural remains within the complex is evocative of the romance of the historical period of gold mining.
The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Albert Goldfield is socially significant as Albert Town and the Albert Goldfield reveal the responses of the miners to their surroundings, especially distance from service and population centres, aridity, the area's geology and the skewed sex ratios of the area.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
That distinctive Australian arid country adaptation for gold prospecting, dry-blowing originated on the Albert Goldfield. Some of the archaeological remains are particularly illustrative and informative of geological and mining techniques of the period, while other remains can contribute useful information on the lifestyles of miners and others, all of which has the capacity to contribute to a range of pertinent research issues in historical archaeology and social history.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Albert Goldfield is the oldest Australian example of the response to gold prospecting in arid conditions in the form of dry-blowing.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
Albert Goldfield is representative of a unique response to mining in an arid environment.
References
Bibliography
Attribution
New South Wales State Heritage Register
Milparinka, New South Wales
Gold mines in New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
Archaeological sites in New South Wales |
Montigny-sur-Meuse (, literally Montigny on Meuse) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Ardennes department
References
Communes of Ardennes (department)
Ardennes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
The 1976–77 English Hockey League season took place from September 1976 until May 1977.
The Men's Cup was won by Slough.
The Men's National Inter League Championship brought together the winners of their respective regional leagues. The championship (held in September 1977) was won by Southgate.
As from the 1980-81 season the National Inter League Championship would be held in the spring of the same season instead of the Autumn of the following season.
Men's Courage National Inter League Championship
(Held at Aston University Grounds, Birmingham, September 10–11)
Group A
Group B
Final
Southgate
David Owen, Nigel Woolven, Howard Manton, A Wallace, Geoffrey Hitchens, Raj Rawal, David Whitaker, Bernie Cotton, Peter Hazell, Alistair McGinn, James Neale
Bedfordshire Eagles
R Tatman, M Blake, H Dharml, M Kavanagh, Brajinder Daved, P Goodyear, P Ellis, M Ganesh, T Sharma, Benawra Singh, G Player
Men's Cup (Benson & Hedges National Clubs Championship)
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
(Held at Slough Hockey Club on 1 May)
Slough
Ian Taylor, John Brindley, Mike Parris, Andy Churcher, John Allen, John Murdock, Sutinder Singh Khehar, Pami Saini, Stuart Collins, Balwant Saini, D S Earl (Partington sub)
Beckenham
S Port, B N Mills, R Fell, M B Swayne, B J Green, I Westwood, C Rule, A Matheson (P Taylor sub), J Armour (A Page sub), I S McIntosh, P Anderson
References
1976
field hockey
field hockey
1977 in field hockey
1976 in field hockey |
Doxa Nea Manolada F.C. is a Greek football club, based in Nea Manolada, Elis.
The club was founded in 1959. They will play for 2nd season in Football League 2 for the season 2014-15.
Elis
Football clubs in Western Greece
The club during the 2020-2021 season is playing at a non-professional tier |
Rowlands is a surname, and may refer to:
Clive Rowlands
David Rowlands (disambiguation)
Gena Rowlands
Graham Rowlands
Hugh Rowlands
Jim Rowlands
John Rowlands (disambiguation), several persons
June Rowlands
Keith Rowlands
Mark Rowlands
Martin Rowlands
Patsy Rowlands
Richard Rowlands
Samuel Rowlands
Ted Rowlands, Baron Rowlands
William Bowen Rowlands
William Penfro Rowlands, composer of the hymn tune Blaenwern
See also
Rowland (disambiguation)
English-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names |
Sečevo is a village in the municipality of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 141.
References
Populated places in Travnik |
Christian Blake (born June 8, 1996) is an American football wide receiver who is a free agent. He played college football at Northern Illinois.
Professional career
Atlanta Falcons
Blake signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent on May 1, 2018. He was waived on September 1, 2018. He was re-signed to the practice squad on September 10, 2018. He was released on September 26, 2018. He was re-signed to the practice squad on December 18, 2018. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Falcons on December 31, 2018.
On August 31, 2019, Blake was waived by the Falcons and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on October 23, 2019.
Blake signed a contract extension with the Falcons on March 11, 2021.
Arizona Cardinals
On May 16, 2022, Blake signed with the Arizona Cardinals. He was waived on August 2, 2022.
Pittsburgh Steelers
On August 11, 2022, Blake signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was released on August 23, 2022.
References
External links
Atlanta Falcons bio
Northern Illinois Huskies bio
1996 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Arizona Cardinals players
Atlanta Falcons players
Northern Illinois Huskies football players
Players of American football from Fort Lauderdale, Florida |
Misk may refer to:
Geography
Misk Hills, a sandstone plateau in the East Midlands of England
Misk'i, a mountain in the Bolivian Andes
Other
MiSK Foundation, a non-profit organisation in Saudi Arabia
Abu al-Misk Kafur, a ruler of Ikhshidid Egypt and Syria in the 10th century CE
Fedwa Misk, Moroccan journalist and women's rights campaigner |
Sigurd Wongraven (born 28 November 1975), also known as Satyr, is a Norwegian musician who is the vocalist, guitarist, bassist and keyboardist for the black metal band Satyricon.
Musical career
Wongraven was a founding member of Satyricon (although the band had been around for a short length of time as Eczema without him) and have so far released nine albums, two demos, and a live DVD. He has also contributed to other bands such as Darkthrone, Eibon, Storm, Thorns, Black Diamond Brigade and Wongraven. About black metal, he stated "It, black metal, doesn't necessarily have to be all satanic as long as it's dark."
In 2008 he began to endorse ESP Guitars.
Wine making
In 2009 Wongraven started his own winemaking business, Wongraven Wines, in Piedmont in Italy. In 2014 the company began to work with Norwegian beverage conglomerate Vingruppen, and in 2019 he sold 90% of the company to Vingruppen, in a transaction valuing the company at NOK 57 million.
Health
Wongraven was diagnosed with a brain tumor in October 2015, which he says does not need to be removed surgically, "as long as it does not grow bigger."
See also
List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards
References
External links
Official Satyricon website
1975 births
Living people
21st-century Norwegian bass guitarists
Black metal singers
Heavy metal keyboardists
Norwegian heavy metal bass guitarists
Norwegian male bass guitarists
Norwegian black metal musicians
Norwegian heavy metal guitarists
Norwegian heavy metal singers
Norwegian male singers
Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
Norwegian rock bass guitarists
Norwegian rock guitarists
Norwegian rock keyboardists
Norwegian rock singers
Satyricon (band) members
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Linuxconf is a system configuration tool for the Linux operating system. It features different user interfaces: a text interface or a graphical user interface in the form of a Web page or native application. Most Linux distributions consider it deprecated compared to other tools such as Webmin, the system-config-* tools on Red Hat Enterprise Linux/Fedora, drakconf on Mandriva, YaST on openSUSE and so on. Linuxconf was deprecated from Red Hat Linux in version 7.1 in April 2001.
It was created by Jacques Gélinas of Solucorp, a company based in Québec.
References
External links
Linuxconf home page
Free system software
Linux configuration utilities
Unix configuration utilities
Software that uses GTK |
Aisleyne Horgan-Wallace (}; born 28 December 1978) is an English television personality, model, actress and columnist who emerged into the public eye in 2006 when she appeared as a contestant in the seventh series of reality television show Big Brother.
Career
Horgan-Wallace began her career as an actress. In 2006, she had a small non-speaking part in the film Rollin' with the Nines.
2006: Big Brother
Horgan-Wallace became a tabloid celebrity in the United Kingdom after being selected as a contestant in Big Brother 2006, the seventh series of the Channel 4 reality television show 'Big Brother. She entered the Big Brother House on Day 12 of the show and became known for her personality clashes with fellow contestants Nikki Grahame and Grace Adams-Short (although she later became good friends with the former until Grahame's death in April 2021); she was voted into the "House Next Door" by the public——a secret room, unknown to the other contestants, where she was forced to choose whom of five new contestants would become new housemates. She was filmed masturbating on the lavatory, although this footage was not broadcast at the time. Horgan-Wallace reached the final day of the show, where she eventually finished third with 22% of the public vote.
2007–present: Transitions into television work
Since 2007, Horgan-Wallace has been a frequent guest on the Big Brother spin-off shows Big Brother's Big Mouth, Big Brother's Little Brother and, since the show's move to Channel 5 in 2011, Big Brother's Bit on the Side. She also put her name to Big Brother columns for The Sun Online.
Horgan-Wallace has appeared in a number of episodes of Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe. She has also presented for shows such as T4. She appeared in BBC One's Test The Nation, on a team with several other Big Brother contestants. She also made a small appearance on The Charlotte Church Show.
She appeared in several episodes of the Red TV series Celebrity: Stars at Work, which aired in December 2007 and January 2008. Following on from this, Horgan-Wallace signed a contract with Red TV to film a self-titled, fly-on-the-wall documentary. Four episodes of the resulting programme, named eponymously Aisleyne, were broadcast, the first being aired on 5 March 2008.
In June 2008, Horgan-Wallace made a guest appearance on a special edition of The Friday Night Project, which aired after the launch of Big Brother 2008, the ninth series of Big Brother. Her contributions to the show included a sketch that mocked her rivalry with former housemate Nikki Grahame. In August 2008, she made a brief cameo appearance in The Kevin Bishop Show. Two months later she cameoed in Channel 4 and E4's horror series Dead Set, playing herself. She featured in the first and the fifth episodes In the first episode, she played a zombie version of herself.
On 2 March 2009, Horgan-Wallace underwent a 'make-under' for the BBC Three programme Snog Marry Avoid?, presented by Jenny Frost. She was persuaded that a more natural look with less heavy make-up suited her. In May 2009, she was interviewed for the E4/Channel 4 programme Big Brother: A Decade in the Headlines, written and presented by Grace Dent.
In March 2010, Horgan-Wallace appeared as a guest diner on the Living TV programme, Celebrity Restaurant in Our Living Room. In August 2010, she turned down an offer to appear in Ultimate Big Brother in order to shoot her scenes for a minor role in the British comedy film Anuvahood instead. She played the role of Maria in the film. Anuvahood was released in the UK on 18 March 2011 but was not a success. On 5 May 2011 she starred in an episode of Celebrity Hens and Stags for Wedding TV. She helped organise a stag night in Edinburgh, including racing in an off-road buggy, which later was involved in a hit and run incident in Leith. In June 2011, she appeared as a contestant in the TV3 (Ireland) series Celebrity Salon. She finished runner-up behind a TV presenter called Alan Hughes.
In January 2012, Horgan-Wallace appeared in the third series of the Channel 4 show Celebrity Coach Trip, alongside fellow Big Brother contestant Nikki Grahame. The pair were given a 'red card' and dismissed from the show on Day 3 of the series after falling out with other celebrities, including Edwina Currie and Jean Broke-Smith. From December 2012, she became a regular guest on the Loaded TV chat show, Looser Women Live, a programme regularly hosted by her friend, the model and fellow reality TV star, Nicola McLean. She plays the character of Jasmine in a low-budget British horror movie, Serial Killer, which was filmed in April and May 2013.
On 11 February 2015, Horgan-Wallace appeared as a 'claimant' on the ITV daytime show Judge Rinder, in a case against her fellow former BB7 contestant Michael Cheshire, alleging an unpaid debt; she won her case. She appeared on the Channel 5 show Celebrity Botched Up Bodies on 6 October 2016, regarding her dental veneers. On 25 March 2017, she appeared as a contributor in the Channel 5 show When Celebrity Goes Horribly Wrong and a week later she was featured in the Channel 4 programme How'd You Get So Rich? presented by famous Canadian comedian Katherine Ryan, in which she discussed her acquisition of a property portfolio.
Starting in 2017, Horgan-Wallace became a regular guest on ITV morning show Good Morning Britain, discussing issues of the day with other invited guests. On 12 November 2018 she appeared on Channel 4 show First Dates, where she was set up on a blind dinner date in the First Dates restaurant with Darren, a fellow Londoner. At the end of the show it was revealed the couple had yet to go on a second date. A week later she appeared in a feature within the Victoria Derbyshire show on BBC2 called "Brexit Blind Dates", in which opposing voices in the Brexit debate met for dinner. Horgan-Wallace, a supporter of 'Leave', debated the issue with Labour peer Professor The Lord Winston for 'Remain'. From 2019, Horgan-Wallace was a regular guest on BBC Radio 5 Live's 10 o'clock show, hosted by Sarah Brett and Rick Edwards, amongst others.
Bit on the Side incident
On 22 September 2015, Horgan-Wallace appeared as a panelist on the Celebrity Big Brother's Bit on the Side after-show and got into a heated argument with fellow panelist Farrah Abraham. The show was taken off air ten minutes early after a "clash" between panellists. Abraham and Janice Dickinson were given police cautions. Horgan-Wallace was to face trial on charges of common assault and criminal damage, but according to the Daily Mirror, on 29 January 2016 the Crown Prosecution Service dropped all charges.
Go-kart incident
In April 2022, Horgan-Wallace crashed and was flung from a go-kart, landing on her head and was almost paralysed.
Filmography
Films
Television
Other work
After Big Brother, Horgan-Wallace made numerous personal appearances in nightclubs around the UK. She hosted a show for the online radio station Invincible, was a guest commentator on BBC's Asian Network and made several guest appearances on Choice FM's Morning Vybe show.
Horgan-Wallace worked as an 'agony aunt' for More magazine and wrote a weekly column covering Big Brother 2007 for Reveal magazine, as well as writing a daily blog on its website. She reprised this role during the airing of the programme's ninth and tenth series.
In September 2007, it was announced that she had taken control of her own career via her management company, Aisleyne Ltd, along with co-director Richard Skeels.
On 10 February 2008 Aisleyne released a fashion range named "Unique by Aisleyne". She worked with the "high-end" fashion distributors Unique Collections Ltd, to design and produce the outfits. A complementary swimwear range was launched a few weeks later.
It was announced on 24 April 2008 that Mainstream Publishing had bought the right to publish her autobiography, entitled Aisleyne: Surviving Guns, Gangs and Glamour. This book was published on 7 May 2009. The launch party held on 6 May was attended by various celebrities, including Jodie Marsh, Charlie Brooker and Nate James.
On 24 and 27 March 2009, Horgan-Wallace co-hosted a radio show on SMUC Radio with Eamonn McCrystal.
On 10 June 2011, Horgan-Wallace was a judge in the Miss Universe Ireland beauty contest in Dublin.
In March 2014, Horgan-Wallace launched her own celebrity boot camp named Aisleyne's Booty Camp, based in a Country House near Grantham, Leicestershire.
In October 2016, Horgan-Wallace launched her own fitness app titled Aisleyne 7 Minute Workout, which was released on the Apple and Android Play Store platforms.
Philanthropy
Horgan-Wallace is a patron of Brain Tumour UK and acted as an ambassador for Club4Climate, an initiative based around parties in London's West End and elsewhere that aimed to prevent climate change. In 2007, she completed a London 10 kilometre run to raise money for Brain Tumour UK; she completed the same event on 6 July 2008.
Horgan-Wallace has been involved with the National Health Service 'Stop Smoking' campaign in association with Cancer Research UK, and has given her support to No Smoking Day each year since 2008. She also became involved in the "Put the Knives and Guns Down!" campaign, aimed at encouraging teenagers to get off the streets and stop shootings and stabbings.
References
External links
Big Brother (British TV series) contestants
Glamour models
Living people
Fashion designers from London
British women fashion designers
Actresses from London
English television actresses
English film actresses
English columnists
English television presenters
British women television presenters
1978 births
British women columnists
The Challenge (TV series) contestants |
Sabre Army Heliport is a military use heliport located at Fort Campbell, seven nautical miles (13 km) northwest of the central business district of Clarksville, in Montgomery County, Tennessee, United States. Owned by the United States Army, it has one runway designated 4/22 with a concrete surface measuring 4,451 by 109 feet (1,357 x 33 m).
History
Sabre AHP was built in 1976 to accommodate UH-1 "Huey" helicopters. In 1998, the U.S. Army conducted a study of the heliport at the direction of the U.S. Congress. $19.5 million was appropriated for improvements including widening the landing area to accommodate UH-60 "Blackhawk" helicopters. The Lane Construction Corp. was selected in 2000 to construct a new concrete runway and a parallel taxiway, along with three connecting taxiways, a visual flight rule helipad and runway lighting.
See also
Campbell Army Airfield
References
External links
Aerial photo as of 27 March 1992 from USGS The National Map via MSR Maps
United States Army airfields
Military installations in Tennessee
Airports in Tennessee
Buildings and structures in Montgomery County, Tennessee
Military heliports in the United States
1976 establishments in Tennessee
Military installations established in 1976 |
Mithat Bereket (born October 10, 1966) is a Turkish journalist born October 10, 1966, in Ankara, Turkey.
Bereket attended Ankara College. After graduating high school, he furthered his education at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of International Relations. Graduating with a degree in International Relations.
Bereket's profession as a roving reporter and war correspondent allows him to travel extensively around the world, in search for new major news stories. Stories he has followed in the past have been the first Gulf War, the war in Bosnia, the Afghan War, the tensions in Algeria, the conflict in Karabagh, the war in Chechnya, the Palestinian Intifada, the war in Kosovo, NATO intervention in Kosovo and the War In Iraq.
Bereket has held several exclusive interviews with leaders, politicians, opinion-makers and other prominent public figures, which include Nelson Mandela, Benazir Bhutto, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Muammar Gaddafi, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Madeleine Albright, Henry Kissinger, Gerhard Schröder, Benjamin Netanyahu, Mikhail Kalashnikov, King Abdullah of Jordan, Walid Jumblatt, Mohamed ElBaradei, Brent Scowcroft, Shamil Basayev, Edita Tahiri, Hashim Thaçi, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Jalal Talabani, and Masoud Barzani.
Education
Bereket graduated from the University of Ankara with a degree in International Relations. He earned his M.A. from Lancaster University, Department of International Relations, in England. His master's dissertation was on Cyprus.
Bereket lectures at the Pusula Academy (Compass Academy) of the Communications Faculty of Kadir Has University in Istanbul. He also gives lectures in the Newmedia Department within the same university.
Other accomplishments
Bereket played basketball collegiately, and then later at the national level, representing Turkey.
He also hosted a drive-time morning-radio show in Best-FM, named “Sesli Gazete” (Vocal Newspaper) for 7 years. He has directed and presented many successful documentaries.
During his 24 years of experience as a TV journalist, Bereket has taken part in the coverage of a number of major events as the main anchorman for Turkish news channel NTV. These events include U.S. President Bill Clinton’s visit to Turkey, the OSCE Summit in Istanbul, the Helsinki Summit of the European Union, general elections in Greece, the elections in Cyprus, the elections in the U.S. and the World Trade Center attacks in New York, the EU Summit in Luxemburg.
Bereket hosts the bi-weekly news and foreign affairs documentary "PUSULA," which means "Compass". Pusula has been on air for 15 years and is being broadcast on TRT1, Turkey's national public broadcasting network. Before joining the TRT, Bereket hosted a daily primetime news program, +Bir, ("Plus One") for CNN Turk.
References
Living people
Turkish journalists
1966 births |
The Department of Antiquities () is a government department of the Republic of Cyprus with responsibility for archaeological research and cultural heritage management. It was established in 1935 by the British colonial government. It took over the responsibilities of the Committee of the Cyprus Museum that was established in 1882. The department is headed by the Director of the Department of Antiquities, next in line is the position of the Director of the Cyprus Museum and following that, the Curator of Monuments. It has conducted excavations at Khoirokoitia, Kition, Amathus, Kourion, Paphos, Salamis, Enkomi and carried multiple rescue excavations all around the island. The Department publishes yearly the Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus (RDAC) and the Annual Report of the Director of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus (ARDAC).
In 1955 the Director Peter Megaw established an Archaeological Survey Branch and appointed Hector Catling as the head, Kyriacos Nicolaou as an Assistant and a number of technicians. The Branch was discontinued in 1974.
The Department of Antiquities operates various archaeological sites such as Idalion, Kourion, Paphos Archaeological Park and museums like the Cyprus Museum, archaeological district museums of Paphos, Limassol, Kition and smaller local museums like the Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios Mansion.
From 1935 until the 1st of July 2023 the Department operated under the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works, until its transfer in the newly created Deputy Ministry of Culture.
Directors of the Department of Antiquities
John Robert Hilton (1934-1935)
Peter Megaw (1935-1960)
Porphyrios Dikaios (1960-1963)
Vassos Karageorghis (1963-1989)
Athanasios Papageorgiou (1989-1991)
Demos Christou (1991-1997)
Sophocles Hadjisavvas (1997-2004)
Pavlos Flourentzos (2004-2009)
Maria Hadjicosti (2009-2013)
Marina Solomidou-Ieronymidou (2013-2023)
Curators of the Cyprus Museum
Menelaos Markides (1912-1931)
Porphyrios Dikaios (1931-1960)
Vassos Karageorghis (1960-1963)
Kyriakos Nicolaou (1964-1979)
Pavlos Flourentzos (1993-2004)
Despo Pilides (until 2021)
Assistant Curators of the Cyprus Museum
Porphyrios Dikaios (1929-1931)
Vassos Karageorghis (1952-1960)
Kyriakos Nicolaou (1961-1964)
Curators of Monuments
George H. Everett Jeffery
Athanasios Papageorgiou (1962-1989)
Maria Hadjicosti
Giorgos Filotheou
Giorgos Georgiou
Inspectors of Antiquities
Joan du Plat Taylor
Rupert Gunnis
Archaeological Survey Officers
Hector Catling (1955-1959)
Kyriakos Nicolaou
M. Louloupis
Publications
The Department publishes the Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus (RDAC) as well as the Annual Report of the Director of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus (ARDAC). The ARDAC for the years 2006-2009 can be accessed online.
See also
Department of Antiquities
List of museums in Cyprus
References
External links
Official website (English)
Official website (Greek)
Ministries established in 1935
Cyprus, Antiquities, Department of
Archaeology of Cyprus |
Yasmani (also Yasmany or Yazmany) is a masculine given name that may refer to:
Yasmani Acosta, Chilean wrestler
Yazmany Arboleda, Colombian American artist
Yasmani Copello (born 1987), Cuban-Turkish hurdler
Yasmani Duk (born 1988), Bolivian footballer
Yasmani Grandal (born 1988), Cuban-American baseball player
Yasmany Lopez, Cuban footballer
Yasmany Lugo, Cuban wrestler
Yasmani Romero (born 1988), Cuban Olympic weightlifter
Yasmany Tomás (born 1990), Cuban baseball player
masculine given names |
Estonian Auxiliary Police (, ) were Estonian collaborationist police units during World War II.
Formation
Estonian units were first established on 25 August 1941, when under the order of Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, commander of the Army Group North, Baltic citizens were permitted to be recruited into Wehrmacht service and grouped into volunteer battalions for security duties. In this context, General Georg von Küchler, commander of the 18th Army (Germany), formed six Estonian volunteer guard units (Estnische Sicherungsgruppe, Eesti julgestusgrupp; numbered 181–186) on the basis of the Omakaitse squads (with its members contracted for one year).
After September 1941, the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces) started to establish the Estonian Auxiliary Police Battalions ("Schuma") in addition to the aforementioned units for rear-security duties in the Army Group North Rear Area. During the war, 26 "Schuma" battalions were formed in Estonia, numbered from 29th to 45th, 50th, and from the 286th to 293rd. Unlike similar units deployed in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and White Ruthenia, which were controlled by the Germans, the Estonian Police battalions were made up of national staff and included only one German monitoring officer. As of 1 October 1942, the Estonian police forces comprised 10,400 men, with 591 Germans attached to them.
Operational history
The police battalions were mostly engaged in the Wehrmacht Army Group Rear Areas. The 37th and 40th battalions were employed on rear-security duties in the Pskov Oblast, as was the 38th battalion in the Luga-Pskov-Gdov region. The 288th battalion was engaged in the suppression of the Ronson's Partisan Republic. Police Battalions 29, 31 and 32 fought in the Battle for Narva Bridgehead.
From 22 November to 31 December 1942 the 36th Estonian Police Battalion took part of the Battle of Stalingrad. On August 29, 1944 Police Battalions 37 and 38 participated in the fighting against the Soviet Tartu Offensive. As their largest operation, supported by the 3rd Battalion of the Estonian Waffen Grenadier Regiment 45, they destroyed the Kärevere bridgehead of two Soviet divisions west from Tartu and recaptured the Tallinn highway bridge over the Emajõgi by 30 August. The operation shifted the entire front back to the southern bank of the Emajõgi. This encouraged the II Army Corps to launch an operation attempting to recapture Tartu on 4 September.
Police battalions
29. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 29
30. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 30
31. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 31
32. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 32
33. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 33
34. Eesti Politsei Rindepataljon – Estnische Polizei-Front-Bataillon 34
35. Politsei Tagavarapataljon - Polizei-Ersatz-Bataillon 35
36th Estonian Police Battalion – Schutzmannschaft-Front-Bataillon nr. 36
37. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Bataillon 37
38. Eesti Politseipataljon - Estnische Polizei-Bataillon 38
39. Kaitse Vahipataljon Oberpahlen – Schutzmannschaft-Wacht-Bataillon nr. 39
40. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Bataillon 40
41. Kaitse Tagavarapataljon
42. Kaitse Pioneeripataljon – Schutzmannschaft-Pioneer-Bataillon 42
286. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 286
287. Politsei Vahipataljon – Polizei-Wacht-Bataillon 287
288. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 288
289. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 289
290. Politsei Pioneeripataljon – Polizei Pionier-Bataillon 290
291. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 291
292. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 292
293. Politsei Jalaväepataljon – Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 293
521. Eesti Politseipataljon – Estnische Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon 521
See also
Latvian Auxiliary Police
Lithuanian Auxiliary Police
Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
References
Estonian Auxiliary Police |
The 2021–22 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Butler University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were coached by LaVall Jordan, in his fifth year as head coach of his alma mater. The Bulldogs played their home games at Hinkle Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana as members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 14–19, 6–14 in Big East play to finish in ninth place. They defeated Xavier in the first round of the Big East tournament before losing to Providence in the quarterfinals.
On April 1, 2022, the school fired head coach LaVall Jordan. Two days later, the school named Thad Matta the team's new head coach. Matta previously was the head coach at Ohio State and Xavier and was the head coach at Butler for the 2000–01 season.
Previous season
In a season limited due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Bulldogs finished the 2020–21 season 10–15, 8–12 to finish in 10th place in Big East play. In the Big East tournament, they defeated Xavier in the first round before losing to Creighton in the quarterfinals.
Offseason
Departures
Incoming transfers
Recruiting classes
2021 recruiting class
2022 recruiting class
Roster
Schedule and results
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Rankings
*AP does not release post-NCAA tournament rankings.
Awards
References
Butler
Butler Bulldogs men's basketball seasons
Butler
Butler |
Runnymede is a water-meadow alongside the River Thames in the English county of Surrey, and just over west of central London. It is notable for its association with the sealing of Magna Carta, and as a consequence is, with its adjoining hillside, the site of memorials. Runnymede Borough is named after the area, Runnymede being at its northernmost point.
Topography
The name Runnymede refers to land in public and National Trust ownership in the Thames flood plain south-west of the river between Old Windsor and Egham. The area includes (to the west of A308 road) the Long Mede and Runnymede, which together with Coopers Hill Slopes is managed by the National Trust. There is also a narrower strip of land, east of the road and west of the river, known as the Yard Mede. On the west bank of the river, at the southern end of the area shown on the above map, are (inter alia): a recreational area with a large car park; a number of private homes; a large distribution centre; and a hotel.
The landscape of Runnymede is characterised as "Thames Basin Lowland", an urban fringe. It is a gently undulating vale of small fields interspersed by woods, shaws, ponds, meadows, and heath. The National Trust area is a Site of Nature Conservation Interest (SNCI) which contains a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Both sites are overseen by Runnymede Borough Council.
The National Trust holding includes:
donated in 1929 set behind a narrow riverside park with occasional benches on the southern river bank, with car and coach parking;
of broadleaved woodland on Coopers Hill Slopes, given in 1963 by the former Egham Urban District Council.
Long Mede is a meadow north of the ancient "mede" (meadow) of Runnymede towards Old Windsor and has been used for centuries to provide good-quality hay from the alluvial pasture. Runnymede itself lies towards Egham. It is likely that Runnymede proper was the site of the sealing of Magna Carta, although the Magna Carta Memorial stands on Long Mede.
The sealing of Magna Carta is also popularly associated with Magna Carta Island, on the opposite (east) bank of the Thames. It has also sometimes been associated with the nearby Ankerwycke Yew. These and their surrounding landscape of floodplain and parkland may once have formed an integral part of Runnymede, as the river has occasionally changed its course here. Ankerwycke and the ruins of the 12th-century Priory of St Mary's were both acquired by the National Trust in 1998. As the Thames forms the county boundary at this point, these areas now lie in Berkshire.
History
Runnymede's historical significance has been heavily influenced by its proximity to the Roman Road river-crossing at nearby Staines-upon-Thames.
The name Runnymede is believed to derive from the Middle English runinge (taking counsel) and mede (mead or meadow), describing a place in the meadows used to hold regular meetings. The Witan, Witenagemot or Council of the Anglo-Saxon Kings of the 7th to 11th centuries met from time to time at Runnymede during the reign of Alfred the Great (871–899). The Council usually assembled in the open air. This political organ transformed in succeeding years, influencing the creation of England's 13th-century parliament.
The water-meadow at Runnymede is the most likely location at which, in 1215, King John sealed Magna Carta. The charter itself references Runnymede by name as "Ronimed. inter Windlesoram et Stanes" (between Windsor and Staines). Magna Carta affected common and constitutional law as well as political representation, also affecting the development of parliament.
Runnymede's association with ideals of democracy, limitation of power, equality and freedom under law has attracted the placement there of monuments and commemorative symbols.
The last fatal duel in England took place in 1852, on Priest Hill, a continuation of Cooper's Hill by Windsor Great Park.
The National Trust land was donated in 1929 by Cara Rogers Broughton and her two sons. The American-born widow of Urban Hanlon Broughton, she was permitted by letter from George V to join her son's new peerage in tribute to her husband and this gift and be styled Lady Fairhaven. The gift was given in memory of Urban Broughton. At the time the New Bedford Standard-Times commented: "It must be a source of gratification to all Americans, and especially to us here and in Fairhaven, that the presentation of this historic spot as public ground has been brought about by an American woman, an appropriate enough circumstance considering that the great charter underlies the USA's conception of government and human rights."
Runnymede Eco Village
Between 2012 and 2015, Cooper's Hill was occupied by a radical community living in self-build houses, huts, benders, and tents in the self-proclaimed "Runnymede Eco Village". Around 40 people, including a few young families, lived in a dispersed settlement throughout the 4 acres of woodland. They used mainly reclaimed material to build living structures, solar power to generate electricity, wood-burners for heat, cultivated some vegetables and kept chickens and geese. Water was obtained from springs on the site, and the village was largely hidden from view from outside the woodland. The members called themselves "Diggers" after the 17th-century Diggers movement.
There were two unsuccessful attempts to evict the settlers in the first year of occupation; and on 30 March 2015 bailiffs served a further High Court trespass notice on behalf of the landowners, Orchard Runnymede Ltd. The settlers were still in occupation during the Magna Carta 800th anniversary celebrations on 15 June, but their presence did not affect proceedings, and the eviction was completed at a later date.
Features
Urban H. Broughton memorials
After the death of Urban Broughton in 1929, Sir Edwin Lutyens was commissioned to design a set of twin memorials consisting of large kiosks and posts or "piers" with stone blocks crowned with laurel wreaths and formalised urns at the Egham end and with lodges and piers at the Windsor end. Lutyens also designed a low wide arch bridge to carry the main road over the Thames to the north, integrating the road layout and bridge design into his plans for the memorials. The southern kiosks were moved to their present location when the M25 motorway was constructed.
There are two octagonal kiosks with piers facing each other across the A308 towards Egham. These piers are a shorter version of those adjacent to the lodges either side of the same road towards Old Windsor in the Long Mede. The lodges show typical Lutyens design features with steeply angled roofs, large false chimneys and no rainwater gutters at the eaves.
The piers carry similar inscriptions. On one face is the inscription:
and on the other the words:
The memorials were opened in 1932 by Edward VIII and are Grade II listed buildings.
Langham Pond SSSI
Langham Pond was created when the meandering River Thames formed an oxbow lake. Its status as a wetland Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) was first notified in 1975 and later reviewed under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 when the protected area was extended to within Runnymede as managed by the National Trust.
The pond and associated meadow form a habitat considered unique in Southern England and of international importance for nature conservation. The flora and fauna include nationally scarce plants and insects including a species of fly unrecorded elsewhere in the United Kingdom.
Air Forces Memorial
The Air Forces Memorial commemorates the men and women of the Allied Air Forces who died during the Second World War and records the names of the 20,456 airmen who have no known grave.
From the top of the tower visitors can see long views over Windsor, the surrounding counties and aircraft taking off and landing at Heathrow. On a good day visitors can see as far as the Wembley Arch and even the Gherkin in the City of London. The memorial was designed by Edward Maufe, architect of Guildford Cathedral.
John F. Kennedy Memorial
The British memorial for U.S. President John F. Kennedy was jointly dedicated on 14 May 1965, by Queen Elizabeth II and Jacqueline Kennedy, prior to a reception for the Kennedy family at Windsor Castle. The memorial consists of a garden and Portland stone memorial tablet inscribed with the famous quote from his Inaugural Address:
Visitors reach the memorial by treading a steep path of irregular granite steps, intended to symbolise a pilgrimage. There are 50 steps in total. Each step is different from all others, with the entire flight made from 60,000 hand-cut granite setts. Landscape architect Geoffrey Jellicoe designed the garden; sculptor Alan Collins designed and carved the stone inscription. The area of ground on which the memorial is situated was given as a gift to the United States by the people of the United Kingdom, though the area remains under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom. It is maintained by the Kennedy Memorial Trust, which also sponsors educational scholarships for British students to attend university in the United States.
In 1968 the 7-ton stone was damaged by a bomb during a time of anti-Vietnam war demonstrations; it was later repaired by the sculptor.
Magna Carta Memorial
Situated in a grassed enclosure, on the lower slopes of Cooper's Hill, this memorial is of a domed classical style monopteros, containing a pillar of English granite on which is inscribed "To commemorate Magna Carta, symbol of Freedom Under Law". The memorial was created by the American Bar Association (ABA) after a suggestion by the lawyer and historian Louis Ottenberg. Designed by Sir Edward Maufe R.A., it was unveiled on 18 July 1957 at a ceremony attended by American and English lawyers.
Since 1957 representatives of the ABA have visited and rededicated the Memorial, renewing pledges to the Great Charter. In 1971 and 1985 commemorative stones were placed on the Memorial plinth. In July 2000 the ABA came:
In 2007, on its 50th anniversary, the ABA again visited Runnymede. During its convention it installed as President Charles Rhyne, who devised Law Day, which in the United States represents an annual reaffirmation of faith in the forces of law for peace. Floodlights were installed in 2008 to light the memorial at night.
In 2015, in anticipation of the 800th anniversary of the sealing of Magna Carta, the two wooden benches at the memorial were replaced by stone benches. On 15 June, the anniversary day, the ABA, accompanied by US Attorney General Loretta Lynch, rededicated the memorial in a ceremony led by Anne, Princess Royal in the presence of Elizabeth II and other members of the British Royal Family.
The Magna Carta Memorial is administered by the Magna Carta Trust, which is chaired by the Master of the Rolls.
Ceremonial tree plantings
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent together with David K. Diebold, a Minister-Counselor at the US Embassy in London, planted an oak tree adjacent to the Magna Carta Memorial in 1987, as did P. V. Narismha Rao, Prime Minister of India. The Prime Minister left a plaque reading:
In 1987 two further oak trees were planted near the Memorial. One, planted by Queen Elizabeth II, marked National Tree Week. Another, planted by John O. Marsh, Secretary of the Army of the US, has a plaque which reads:
The Jurors
The Jurors artwork was commissioned by Surrey County Council and the National Trust to mark the 800th anniversary of the sealing of Magna Carta. The sculptor Hew Locke created 12 bronze chairs each of which is decorated with symbols of past and present struggles for freedom, equality and the rule of law. The artist invites participants to sit, reflect upon and discuss the themes represented. In the image the back of the chair nearest the viewer is a representation of Nelson Mandela's prison cell on Robben Island, South Africa. The portrait seen of the further chair is of Lillie Lenton wearing insignia related to the imprisonment and activism of suffragettes.
The installation was inaugurated at Runnymede by Prince William during the Magna Carta 800th Anniversary celebrations.
Writ in Water
Based on Clause 39 of Magna Carta, and inspired perhaps by the inscription on John Keats' grave monument, artist Mark Wallinger designed Writ in Water to celebrate the legacy of Magna Carta. It combines sky, light and water creating a space for reflection both physically and contemplatively. Architects Studio Octopi installed the art work on Coopers Hill Slopes (accessible from Longmede) and it was unveiled on the 803rd anniversary of the sealing of the Great Charter.
Cooper's Hill House
A large house on Cooper's Hill, overlooking Runnymede and the River Thames, has been at different times: the Royal Indian Engineering College; wartime Post Office headquarters; storage during World War II for the statue of Anteros (popularly known as "Eros") from the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, Picadilly Circus, London; an emergency teacher training college; the Shoreditch College of Education (a centre for craft and handiwork education); and most recently, Brunel University's department of design (since relocated to Brunel University's campus in Uxbridge).
Ankerwycke Yew
The revered 1,400-year-old-plus Ankerwycke Yew, on the left (east) bank of the river, is also a possible site where Magna Carta may have been sealed. The tree could have been the location of the Witan council and influenced the founding of St Mary's Priory there. This religious site may well have been the preferred neutral meeting place of King John and the barons.
Land development proposals threatening the yew led to action resulting in the tree and surrounding estate passing into the protection of the National Trust in 1998.
Henry VIII is said to have met Anne Boleyn under the tree in the 1530s.
In 1992, botanist and environmental campaigner David Bellamy led a dedication at the yew, stating:
There followed ten pledges to sustain all life forms.
Location and access
Runnymede is west by south-west of the centre of London. The areas held by the National Trust are open 24 hours and seven days a week at no charge. However, parking times on the medes are restricted and additionally carry a charge for non-National Trust visitors.
Runnymede is accessed via the road or river towpath on foot or by bicycle, or by motor vehicle via the A308 road near Egham about southeast of Windsor. Two car parks (on the A308) adjoin the Windsor entrance (these may be closed in winter due to flooding etc.). The car parks near the Old Windsor entrance are managed by the National Trust: they are free for members, but there is a charge for non-members. The car park at the Runnymede Pleasure Ground further along the A308 at the Egham entrance to the medes is managed by Runnymede Borough Council which imposes a sliding scale of charges. Runnymede lies on the Thames Path National Trail. The nearest railway station is Egham. One of the Lutyens lodges at the Windsor entrance to the meadow houses a popular tea room.
The Anckerwycke area on the other bank of the river is accessible from the B376 between Wraysbury and Staines (nearest station Wraysbury).
Namesakes
Australia
Runnymede, Queensland, (postcode 4615) – a rural locality near Nanango and Kingaroy.
Runnymede, Victoria, (postcode 3559) – a rural locality north east of Bendigo.
Runnymede, Tasmania, (postcode 7190) – a village north of Richmond.
Runnymede Group Pty Ltd (Company, Sydney Australia)
Canada
London, Ontario, Runnymede Crescent
Toronto, Ontario: Runnymede Road; Runnymede subway station, Runnymede Collegiate Institute
Victoria, British Columbia: Runnymede Avenue, Runnymede Place
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador: Runnymede Place
France
Joinville-le-Pont, Val de Marne, Île de France, France : place de Runnymede
India
Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu: Runnymede (NMR) Station
Spain
Madrid: Runnymede College
United States
Runnymede, Harper County, Kansas
Runnemede, New Jersey
Runnymede Plantation, Charleston County, South Carolina
Lake Runnemede, Windsor, Vermont
Explanatory notes
References
External links
Runnymede information at the National Trust
Shoreditch College, Information about the former teachers' college at Cooper's Hill House
Grasslands of the United Kingdom
History of England
Magna Carta
Meadows in Surrey
National Trust properties in Surrey
River Thames
Water-meadows
Works of Edwin Lutyens in England |
VA-52 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established as U.S. Navy Reserve Fighter Squadron VF-884 on 1 November 1949, and called to active duty on 20 July 1950. It was redesignated VF-144 on 4 February 1953, and VA-52 on 23 February 1959. The squadron was nicknamed the Bitter Birds from about 1951–1953, and the Knightriders from about 1960 onward. Its insignia evolved through several versions and variations from 1951 to the 1980s. VA-52 was decommissioned on 31 March 1995.
History
1950s
On 20 July 1950, VF-884 (the previous name of VA-52) was called to active duty as a result of the Korean War. On the 28th, the squadron reported for active duty at NAS San Diego. In the later part of March 1951, VF-884 aircraft conducted their first combat operations, flying close air support missions along Korea’s eastern coast from .
VF-884's first Commanding Officer, LCDR. G. F. Carmichael, died after parachuting from his F4U which had been hit by enemy ground fire on 24 May 1951. Later, on 4 October 1951, LT. E. F. Johnson was attacked and shot down by enemy MiG-15 aircraft. This was the first VF-884 and CVG-101 aircraft shot down by enemy aircraft. LCDR. Bowen, VF-884's third Commanding Officer, was listed as missing in action when his aircraft crashed near Pyongyang, North Korea on November 8, 1951. On 4 February 1953: VF-884 was redesignated VF-144 during its second combat tour in Korea aboard . In this change, the reserve squadron number was replaced by an active squadron number. On 21 February 1953: VF-144 completed the last line period of its second combat tour in Korea. Its primary missions had been close air support of ground troops, interdiction of enemy main supply routes, and the destruction of military supplies, vehicles and troops.
On 18 August 1958, the squadron returned to NAS Miramar following 's first major deployment. The cruise took the squadron from Virginia to California, via Cape Horn, transferring Ranger from the Atlantic Fleet to the Pacific Fleet. The squadron's mission was changed to attack and it was redesignated VA-52 on 23 February 1959.
1960s
From 13 July to 1 August 1964, VA-52 aircraft participated in Yankee Team operations in South Vietnam and Laos, involving aerial reconnaissance to detect Communist military presence and operations. Other missions included weather reconnaissance and Search and Rescue. Between the 2nd and 4 August 1964, during a Desoto Patrol mission (intelligence collection missions begun in 1962), was attacked by three motor torpedo boats off the coast of North Vietnam. Following this incident the squadron flew 44 sorties in support of the destroyers on the Desoto Patrol. On the 4th of August, During the night, two destroyers on Desoto Patrol, and USS Maddox, believing themselves under attack by North Vietnamese motor torpedo boats, called for air support. Several A-1H Skyraiders from the squadron, along with several F-8 Crusaders, were launched from . Commander George H. Edmondson and Lieutenant Jere A. Barton reported gun flashes and bursts of light at their altitude which they felt came from enemy antiaircraft fire. Following this, on 5 August 1964, four VA-52 A-1Hs, piloted by Commander L. T. McAdams, Lieutenant Commander L. E. Brumbach and Lieutenant (jg)s R. E. Moore and P. A. Carter, participated in Operation Pierce Arrow, retaliatory strikes against North Vietnam. Along with other aircraft from CVG-5, they struck the Vinh oil storage facilities and destroyed about ninety percent of the complex. The four aircraft returned with no battle damage. Between 6–29 October 1964: The squadron conducted rescue combat air patrol missions in support of "Yankee Team" operations.On 7 February 1966, LTJG. Harvey M. Browne was awarded the Silver Star for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity during rescue missions in the Republic of Vietnam. On 13 April 1966, CDR. John C. Mape was killed in action, becoming the third VA-52 commanding officer to be lost in combat action. The squadron soon completed its second combat tour of duty in Vietnam on the 21st of April, having participated in Operation Rolling Thunder, designed to interdict the enemy's lines of communication into Laos and South Vietnam.
On 9 March 1967, CDR. John F. Wanamaker received the Silver Star for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity during operations against North Vietnam. VA-52 completed its last day of line operations during its 1967 and third combat tour to Vietnamon April 27. During this deployment, squadron operations included rescue combat air patrol missions, coastal reconnaissance, Operation Steel Tiger missions and Operation Sea Dragon operations. Steel Tiger involved concentrated strikes in southern Laos. Sea Dragon involved spotting for naval gunfire support against waterborne cargo and coastal radar and gun battery sites. On 7 September 1968: VA-52 deployed aboard . This was the first A-6 Intruder deployment aboard a .
1970s
From 8 December 1970 to 23 June 1971, VA-52's main emphasis was on operations in Laos against the enemy's lines of communication and their transportation networks. On 23 November 1971, CDR. Lennart R. Salo became the first Naval Flight Officer to command an A-6 Intruder squadron.
VA-52 commenced line operations from Yankee Station a few days earlier than scheduled on 3 April 1972, as a result of the North Vietnamese invasion on 30 March. During this line period heavy air raids were conducted against North Vietnam. These were the first major heavy air raids into North Vietnam since October 1968 and became known as Operation Freedom Train. On 16 April 1972, VA-52 conducted strikes in the Haiphong, Vinh, and Thanh Hoa as part of Operation Freedom Porch.
VA-52's Intruders took part in Operation Pocket Money, the mining of Haiphong harbor, on 9 May 1970. VA-52's Intruders actually took part in the diversionary attack at Phu Qui railroad yard while aircraft from Coral Sea conducted the actual mining. On 10 May 1972: Operation Linebacker operations began and involved concentrated air strikes against targets in North Vietnam above the 20th parallel north. During these operations VA-52's aircraft flew armed reconnaissance, Alpha strikes (large coordinated attacks), mine seeding operations, tanker operations, and Standard ARM sorties (use of anti-radiation missiles to destroy missile radar sites). From 1 June until 27 June 1972, VA-52 flew special single aircraft night missions designated Sneaky Pete as part of Operation Linebacker operations.
VA-52 once again deployed with CVW-11 aboard on 23 November 1972, this time as part of the first CV concept air wing on the West Coast. VA-52's Intruders were equipped with new ASW electronic equipment, the Multi-Channel Jezebel Relay pods. Between July 24 and 28 1979, VA-52 and other elements of CVW-15 participated in search and assistance operations to aid Vietnamese boat people.
A total of 114 people were rescued through the efforts of the air wing and Kitty Hawk. These operations continued during August. On 27 October 1979, South Korea’s President Park Chung Hee was assassinated and Kitty Hawk immediately departed the Philippine Sea for the southwest coast of Korea, where they remained until 4 November.
While in port at Naval Station Subic Bay in the Philippines and preparing to return home from a seven-month WESTPAC deployment, Kitty Hawk and its battle group (to include CVW-15 and VA-52) were indefinitely extended on deployment on 18 November 1979 in response to the Iran hostage crisis and directed to proceed to the Indian Ocean via the Straits of Malacca and Diego Garcia. Between 3 December 1979 and 23 January 1980, After the assault on the American Embassy in Tehran and the Iran hostage crisis; Kitty Hawk entered the Indian Ocean and operated in the Arabian Sea throughout this period. It was during this period on 29 December 1979, while conducting operations off Kitty Hawk, the squadron's commanding officer, CDR. Walter D. Williams, and one of the squadron's department heads, Lieutenant Commander Bruce Miller, were lost at sea/CDR Williams body recovered, LCDR Miller was not, following a cold catapult shot off the bow in KA-6D Intruder, NL-521 (BuNo 152632).
1980s
On 8 February 1980, after brief port calls at NAVSTA Subic Bay and NAVBASE Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Kitty Hawk returns to its homeport of NAS North Island in San Diego, California and VA-52 returns to its home station of NAS Whidbey Island, Washington. On 19 May 1981, while transiting the South China Sea VA-52 aircraft spotted a small boat with 47 Vietnamese refugees on board and reported their location for rescue operations.
USS Carl Vinson CVN-70, with CVW-15 and VA-52, were kept on station in the Sea of Japan between 10 and 12 October 1983, after the attempted assassination of South Korea's president. Between 14 and 31 August 1986, VA-52 participated in the first carrier operations in the Bering Sea since World War II. Most of the squadron's 400 hours and 200 sorties were made under adverse weather conditions. From 20 January to 31 January 1987, VA-52 conducted its second period of operations in the Northern Pacific and Bering Sea. At one point the most effective means of clearing snow and ice from Carl Vinson'''s flight deck was the jet exhaust from the squadron's aircraft. On 23 September 1987, during night operations off Carl Vinson the squadron's Commanding Officer, CDR. Lloyd D. Sledge, was lost at sea. In August 1988, the squadron flew sorties in support of Operation Earnest Will, the escorting of reflagged Kuwait tankers in the Persian Gulf.
VA-52 received the Systems Weapons Integration Program (SWIP) upgrade of the A-6E TRAM Intruder in March 1989.
1990s
In 1991, the squadron became the first Pacific Fleet Intruder squadron to use night-vision goggles on the A-6 Intruder. That same year, CVW-15 moved back to Kitty Hawk
On 3 November 1992, VA-52 and CVW-15 deployed aboard the Kitty Hawk for their 1992-1993 Deployment. Relieving the Ranger on 18 December as part of JTF Somalia, VA-52 along VFA-27 and VFA-97 (which flew the F/A-18A) undertook Close Air Support and Reconnaissance as part of Operation Restore Hope. This included sending two of the squadron's Intruders to support USMC and Belgian paratroopers during an assault on Kisamayu on 20 December 1992.
On 27 December 1992, as a result of the shooting down of a MiG-25 of the Iraqi Air Force in the No-Fly Zone, the Kitty Hawk, VA-52 and CVW-15 were redirected to the Persian Gulf to take part in Operation Southern Watch. On the evening of January 13, 1993, eight A-6E SWIP Intruders from VA-52 loaded with Paveway bombs attacked Iraqi Air Defence sites in Southern Iraq along with 110 other aircraft, 35 of them from CVW-15. During the strike, CMDR. Rick Hess from VA-52 was among one of four of the Kitty Hawk's'' pilots who reported seeing Iraqi SAMs. On January 19, 1993, VA-52 destroyed targets in Iraq in retaliation for AAA fire.
In 1994, VA-52 deployed on its last WESTPAC deployment. During the deployment, it was diverted from going to the Persian Gulf, with the carrier instead being diverted to the Korean Peninsula during a crisis revolving around tensions between the two countries. On March 31, 1995, VA-52 Knightriders was disestablished.
Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
NAS Olathe – 1 Nov 1949
NAS San Diego – 28 Jul 1950
NAS Miramar – Mar 1953
NAS Moffett Field – 15 Jan 1962
NAS Alameda – 29 Aug 1963
NAS Whidbey Island – 1 Jul 1967
Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft in the months shown:
F8F-1 Bearcat – The squadron was not assigned aircraft before its call to active duty. Pilots trained in and flew F8F-1s that were assigned to the air station where the squadron was home ported.
F4U-4 Corsair – 1 Aug 1950
F9F-5 Panther – Apr 1953
F9F-4 Panther and F9F-6 Cougar – The squadron operated a few of these models in the mid-1950s.
F9F-8B Cougar – Apr 1956
F9F-8 Cougar – Aug 1956
AD-5 Skyraider – Dec 1958
AD-6 Skyraider – Dec 1958 (AD-6 designation was changed to A-1H in 1962.)
AD-7 Skyraider – Mar 1959 (AD-7 designation was changed to A-1J in 1962.)
A-6A Intruder – 10 Nov 1967
A-6B Intruder – Oct 1970
KA-6D Intruder – 3rd quarter 1971
A-6E Intruder – Jul 1974
A-6E TRAM Intruder - 1982
A-6E SWIP Intruder - Mar 1989 (First to Pacific fleet squadron to receive night vision versions in 1991)
See also
Attack aircraft
History of the United States Navy
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
References
Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
Military units and formations disestablished in 1995 |
The Folkwang University of the Arts is a university for music, theater, dance, design, and academic studies, located in four German cities of North Rhine-Westphalia. Since 1927, its traditional main location has been in the former Werden Abbey in Essen in the Ruhr area, with additional facilities in Duisburg, Bochum, and Dortmund, and, since 2010, at the Zeche Zollverein, a World Heritage Site also in Essen. The Folkwang University is home to the international dance company Folkwang Tanz Studio (FTS). Founded as , its name was Folkwang Hochschule (Folkwang Academy) from 1963 until 2009.
History
The university shares its unusual name with the Museum Folkwang founded in 1902 by arts patron Karl Ernst Osthaus. The term Folkwang derives from Fólkvangr, the Old Norse name of a mythical meadow where the dead gather who are chosen by Freyja, the Norse goddess of love and beauty, to spend the afterlife with her. The school's founders, opera director , stage designer Hein Heckroth and choreographer Kurt Jooss, regarded this Folkwang as a symbol for the arts as a unified whole, rather than divided into separate classes. The Folkwangschule für Musik, Tanz und Sprechen (Folkwang School for Music, Dance, and Speech) opened in 1927 in Essen, and in 1928 a previously established school of design merged with the institution.
In 1963 the Folkwang school was renamed Folkwang-Hochschule (Folkwang Academy). In 2010 the institution began offering graduate studies and was renamed Folkwang University of the Arts. This coincided with Ruhr.2010, the festival in which the Ruhr district was designated the European Capital of Culture for the year 2010.
Activities
The Folkwang University unites training in music, theatre, dance, design, and scholarship, in order to encourage collaboration among the arts. Public events take place at the Folkwang University on its six in-house stages and in collaboration with cultural institutions of the region, such as the , the Schauspiel Bochum, Musiktheater im Revier, the Duisburg Philharmonic, the Wuppertaler Bühnen and the Ruhrfestspiele.
Undergraduate courses:
Instrumental training for different musical instruments (accordion, bassoon, cello, clarinet, double bass, flute, guitar, harp, harpsichord, horn, oboe, organ, percussion, piano, recorder, saxophone, trombone, trumpet, tuba, viola, violin)
Jazz / Performing Artist
Integrative composition (instrumental composition, electronic composition, jazz composition, pop composition, composition and visualisation)
Church music
Voice (concert performance, Lieder, oratorio and music theatre)
School Music
Music pedagogy
Musicology in combination with an artistic subject
Musicals
Acting
Physical Theatre
Directing
Dance
Industrial Design
Communication Design
Photography
Advanced programs:
Orchestral playing
Conducting (orchestral/choir)
Vocal Ensemble Direction
Musicology in combination with an artistic discipline
Chamber music
Composition (electronic composition, instrumental composition, instrumental/electronic composition)
Concert Performance
Solo Dance
Choreography
Labanotation
Dance Pedagogy
Faculty
Faculty have included:
Hermann Baumann, hornist
Young-Chang Cho, cellist
Anna Erler-Schnaudt, contralto
Catherine Gayer, coloratura soprano
Wilfried Gruhn (music pedagogy)
Hansgünther Heyme, theatre director
Chris Houlding
Nicolaus A. Huber
Ifor James
Peter Janssens
Kurt Jooss
Nicola Jürgensen (b. 1975), clarinet
Uwe Köller
Scott Lawton, conductor
Fritz Lehmann, conductor
Frank Lloyd, hornist
Lore Lorentz
Lauren Newton
Walter Nicks
Ralf Otto (born 1956), choral conducting
Krzysztof Penderecki (1966 to 1968), composer
Reinhard Peters (1926–2008), conductor
Gudrun Schröfel choral conducting
Gerhard Stäbler
Rita Streich, operatic soprano
Paul Tortelier
Adolf Wamper (1901–1977), sculptor
Alumni
Alumni include:
Pina Bausch (1940–2009), choreographer
Anne Bierwirth, contralto
Max Burchartz
Andreas Deja
Vladimir Djambazov (born 1954), composer, french horn, sound designer
Stefan Dohr (born 1965), principal horn player of the Berlin Philharmonic
Tommy Finke
Thomas Gabriel (composer) (born 1957)
Agnes Giebel (born 1920), soprano
Ulrike Grossarth (born 1952), dancer and visual artist
Klara Höfels (1949–2022), actress and producer
Hilmar Hoffmann (1925–2018), founder of Oberhausen film festival, cultural politician in Frankfurt, director of Goethe-Institut
Reinhild Hoffmann (born 1943), choreographer
Siegfried Jerusalem (born 1940), tenor
Salome Kammer (born 1959), cellist, vocalist
David Kamp
Heinz Kiwitz
Helmut Koch (conductor) (1908–1975), conductor, choir leader, broadcasting manager, composer
Susanne Linke
Christof Loy (born 1962), opera director
Gerd Ludwig
Ann Mandrella
John McGuire (composer)
Adéọlá Ọlágúnjú
Carlos Orta
Jürgen Prochnow (born 1941), actor
Andreas Pruys, bass
Karl Ridderbusch (1932–1997), bass
Armin Rohde (born 1955), actor
Thomas Ruff
Magdalene Schauss-Flake (1921-2008), composer and organist
Stefanie Schneider
Peter Schwickerath (born 1942), sculptor
Harald Siepermann, animator and character designer
Ruth Siewert (1915–2002), contralto
Anton Stankowski
Günther Strupp
Raphael Thoene
Graham Waterhouse (born 1962), composer and cellist
Dirk Weiler
Greta Wrage von Pustau, dancer and dance teacher
See also
Folkwang Kammerorchester Essen
References
Further reading
External links
Folkwang University
Folkwang Tanz-Studio
ICEM Institute For Computer Music and Electronic Media (in German)
Dance education in Germany
Music schools in Germany
Performing arts education in Germany
Universities and colleges established in 1927
1927 establishments in Germany
Universities and colleges in North Rhine-Westphalia |
Freeland is a census-designated place in Tittabawassee Township, Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Saginaw-Midland-Bay Metropolitan Area. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 5,147. The CDP covers an area in the central portion of Tittabawassee Township. The Freeland post office, ZIP code 48623, serves nearly the entire township, as well as portions of Midland and Williams townships to the north, Frankenlust and Kochville townships to the east, Thomas and Richland townships to the south, and Ingersoll Township to the west.
It is the location of MBS International Airport, which serves three major nearby cities: Saginaw, Bay City and Midland.
It is also the location of the Saginaw Correctional Facility, which is a level I, II and IV maximum security prison.
History
The place was home to Native Americans long before the arrival of European settlers. In the 1819 Treaty of Saginaw, in which the Chippewa, Ottawa, and Pottawatomi ceded a large portion of land including Saginaw County to the United States federal government. In that treaty, within the ceded territory, several tracts were reserved for specific groups of Chippewa. One such tract, Black Bird's Village, consisted of on the Tittabawassee (named as the Tetabawasink river in the text of the treaty), very near to the present location of Freeland.
In the 1850s, lumbering outposts developed in the area, one of which was called "Loretta", which was given a post office named "Jay" in April 1856. The office was named for the first postmaster, Jefferson Jaqruth. This outpost was very nearly at the geographical center of Tittawabasse Township. Another settlement was placed just a little to the north. in 1867, one resident of the second locale, George Truesdale, instigated moving the post office from Loretta to his settlement, which retained the name of Jay for several years afterwards.
The name of Freeland comes from "Mammy Freeland" who operated a popular tavern on the river, frequented by lumbermen and rivermen, who came to refer to the entire settlement as Freeland. The name of the post office was changed to Freeland in January 1879. It was also a station on the Pere Marquette Railroad. By another account (Moore), the Freeland family name was prominent in business and politics of the area.
During World War II, the airport now known as MBS international was used to hold German and Japanese prisoners of war.
In 1985, Freeland's Lions Clubs International chapter began the annual Freeland Walleye Festival.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and (0.45%) is water.
Notable people
Aleda E. Lutz, WWII Army Flight Nurse, second most decorated woman in U.S. history.
Demographics
2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,147 people, 1,441 households, and 1,115 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 1,527 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.86% White, 13.04% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.82% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.17% of the population.
There were 1,441 households, out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 43.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 161.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 182.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $55,455, and the median income for a family was $67,083. Males had a median income of $50,225 versus $33,306 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,470. About 2.7% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Freeland has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.
Transportation
The main highway running through Freeland is M-47, which goes northbound to US-10, and southbound towards Thomas Township, Michigan, and Saginaw, Michigan
References
External links
Saginaw Correctional Facility
Miller Empey Room
Unincorporated communities in Saginaw County, Michigan
Census-designated places in Michigan
Unincorporated communities in Michigan
Census-designated places in Saginaw County, Michigan |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.support;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleProxies;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
/**
* IDEA Evaluate Lambda
* <p>
* Create by hcl at 2021/5/17
*/
public class IdeaProxyLambdaMeta implements LambdaMeta {
private final Class<?> clazz;
private final String name;
public IdeaProxyLambdaMeta(Proxy func) {
MethodHandle dmh = MethodHandleProxies.wrapperInstanceTarget(func);
Executable executable = MethodHandles.reflectAs(Executable.class, dmh);
clazz = executable.getDeclaringClass();
name = executable.getName();
}
@Override
public String getImplMethodName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public Class<?> getInstantiatedClass() {
return clazz;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return clazz.getSimpleName() + "::" + name;
}
}
``` |
St. Olav's University Hospital () is the hospital in Trondheim, Norway located at Øya. It is part of St. Olavs Hospital Trust that operates all the hospitals in Sør-Trøndelag and thus indirectly state owned. It cooperates closely with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in research and in education of medical doctors. The university is named for Olaf II of Norway, also known as St. Olav.
It performed 274,441 somatic and 88,692 psychiatric consultations in 2005 with 8,691 employees and a budget of Norwegian krone 5.1 billion. Trondheim Heliport, St. Olav's Hospital is a helipad located adjacent to the emergency ward. It opened on 1 February 2010 and has a fuel tank.
History
The hospital was created in 1902 when the New Trondheim Hospital was built at Øya and on June 18 the first patient was accepted. Sør-Trøndelag county municipality increased its ownership from one third to half in 1948 and in 1950 it changed its name to Trondheim Central Hospital. In 1959 the first part of the central section with six stories is built, expanded in 1974 to ten. In 1964 the county took over the responsibility for the hospital and renamed to Trondheim Regional Hospital two years later. The clinical education starts in 1975 in cooperation with the University of Bergen, with 43 doctors graduating in 1980.
Through the late 1990s and early 2000s a major debate about the location was initiated, with a suggestion to move the entire hospital to Dragvoll on the outskirts of the city. The background was the need for en entirely new hospital, and on May 28, 2002 Storting decided to build an entirely new hospital at Øya. The same year the Government, through Central Norway Regional Health Authority had taken over the responsibility for the hospital. The first new buildings were opened in 2005.
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1902
Hospitals in Norway
Heliports in Norway
Airports in Trøndelag
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Buildings and structures in Trondheim
Hospitals established in 1902
1902 establishments in Norway
Trøndelag County Municipality |
Tokyo Majin, known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime series, which premiered in Japan on the anime satellite TV network Animax. A large part of the Tokyo Majin Gakuen franchise, it is loosely based on a Japan-exclusive video game series.
On June 26, 2007, ADV Films announced that it had acquired the license to the anime.) ADV distributed the series under the title of Tokyo Majin, dropping "Gakuen: Kenpuchō Tō" from the title. In 2008, the anime became one of over 30 ADV titles whose licenses were transferred to Funimation. American television network Chiller began airing the series as part of their Anime Wednesdays programming block on July 15, 2015.
Plot
The nights of Tokyo are disturbed by mysterious deaths involving the 'Reborn Dead', people who disappear at night and suddenly reappear during the day as a corpse. Also, as corpses are sent to the morgue to be autopsied, they disappear again leaving signs showing that they escaped themselves.
To fight these 'Reborn Dead' and to prevent more deaths, mysterious transfer student, Tatsuma Hiyuu, and delinquent student, Kyouichi Houraiji, stay up every night to fight the demons and discover the cause. They are joined by rest of the final year students at the Magami Academy who all have supernatural powers. They must fight not only the demons, but the powerful beings controlling them who are bent on destroying the city and the people within it.
Characters
Main characters
Tatsuma is a mysterious boy who transfers to Magami Academy in his senior year of high school. He is often shown as being very silent and carefree, but he actually has more insight than the people around him. He usually hangs out with Kyouichi and helps him fight gangsters from other schools, giving him the status of the fifth most delinquent student in Magami's history. Tatsuma is probably the only one in the group who is close to Kyouichi and will often calmly tease and irritate him.
He is a highly trained fighter; he knows a person's vital points, whether or not they are fighting seriously, and if they have killed before. He is often the first to realize a threat that is approaching them and sometimes gets a strange feeling when someone near him is in danger. What adds to his mysteriousness is the fact that two months prior to enrolling in Magami High, it is revealed that he was actually sent there by his master (who said that his skills will be needed there), though none of the others know of this. Also, during a fight with Kodzunu, they both see a flashback image of four people, who bear similarities to Tatsuma's current group, during the Bakumatsu. This bothers Kodzunu; he leads Tatsuma into a trap to find out more. Once again, the two see a vision of the past. This time Kodzunu realizes that Tatsuma's ancestors had a hand in the destruction of the Kodzunu clan during the Edo period.
Tatsuma has birth marks on both of his hands (as well as both feet and his chest) which he was told by his father to treasure because it will one day be of important use. As it turns out the mark symbolizes that he is the Vessel of the Golden Dragon. His opposite is the Black Dragon. The Dragons are the only Deities to fully access the Dragon Stream to its full potential. They are compared to the Yin and Yang symbol.
Due to his handsome looks and his habit of sleeping in class, he is often called Sleeping Beauty by his homeroom teacher, Maria Alucard. He is always seen wearing a blue hoodie with his school uniform worn over it. Tatsuma dislikes regular milk, so when he was a child, his mother mixed in some strawberries, calling it 'magic'. Since then, he is often seen drinking strawberry milk. After transferring to Magami, Tatsuma lives alone in Shinjuku after traveling to Tokyo.
During the second season, it is revealed that Tatsuma is an orphan and had previously lived with his foster parents. His foster parents were killed in episode 20 of the first season by Ryuuji "Chaos" Yashiro. He is last seen fighting the Black Dragon in what appears to be China.
Combat Style: Hand-to-hand, Martial arts
Kyouichi is a well-known delinquent at Magami Academy who always carries around a bokutō. He often gets into fights with gangsters from other schools. When he first encounters Tatsuma, they also engage in a fierce fight, which turns out to have been just a way of getting to know each other.
Tatsuma is the only other student who Kyouichi considers a friend. He may seem to be mean to others, but in the end, he always looks out for them and tries to protect them. This is mostly seen towards Aoi, with whom he seems exceptionally mean, but he may care for her more than he admits. It is noted that he is constantly protecting her or saving her.
Kyouichi's father was a 'samurai-for-hire' at a kabuki bar who was killed by a local gang. After the death of his father, child-Kyouichi picked up his dad's bokuto and took it upon himself to take revenge against the assailants and guard Kabukichō. However, his hot temper and immature skills nearly got him killed, but a mysterious ronin named Kyoushiro Kamui saved him. Kamui ultimately takes the child as his apprentice, becoming like a second father to Kyouichi.
Growing up on the streets of Shinjuku's Red Light district, Kyouichi is very knowledgeable of the Tokyo underworld. He was acquainted with several Chinese Taoist henchmen (before they were killed), and knows the location of a hospital which specializes in supernatural cases.
At the end of the second season, Kyouichi leaves the ruins of Tokyo with Hisui Kisaragi and wanders to search for Tatsuma's whereabouts.
Combat Style: Swordsmanship using a Bokutō
A girl from a rich family and the President of the Magami Academy Student Council. Aoi is a sensitive person and gets very upset when she is unable to help someone. Years ago she was unable to save her friend from a classroom fire, and this gave her a strong desire to protect people. There is a scar that she received during the fire on her lower back, though only Tatsuma knows about it. Aoi seems to harbor feelings for Tatsuma, which can be first seen in the last few episodes of the first season of the anime. Towards the end of the second season, however, she also shares an emotional moment with Kyouichi and promises to wait for him as he leaves to search for Tatsuma.
Initially her powers were purely defensive in nature, causing her to be very insecure in her ability to fight alongside her friends. Later, it is revealed she possesses the Bodhisattva Eye. It is said that her Bodhisattva Eye is capable of healing, reviving the dead, or increasing the rate at which a person ages; she can cause someone to die instantaneously of old age. After she is kidnapped by Kodzunu and forced under his spells she begins using her abilities offensively to generate powerful blasts of force and unleash her full potential.
Aoi's family emblem is similar to that of the Tokugawa clan.
Combat Style: Bodhisattva Eye, Naginata-jutsu
Captain of the Kyūdō Club and Aoi's best friend. Komaki is quick to defend Aoi whenever Kyouichi seems to bully her. Unlike Aoi, Komaki is aggressive towards people who get in the way or harm those she cares about. Komaki is shown to have lost a Kyūdō club friend, who became an oni in order to locate and take Komaki's shooting arm. Despite being headstrong and brave, Komaki is likely the weakest when it comes to emotions and mentality. When Tatsuma's adoptive parents were killed, Komaki was the first to break down crying, causing Aoi to comfort her. Komaki can be considered weak in that nature, as she is easily disheartened or worried.
She seems oblivious to the fact that Yuuya Daigo has a crush on her, but eventually accepts and returns his affections.
Combat Style: Kyūdō (Archery)
Daigo is the captain of the Magami Academy Wrestling Club and an aspiring chef. Yuuya Daigo happens to have a crush on Komaki Sakurai and he is constantly seen cooking big meals for her; at one point Komaki gets angry at him and says that he does not truly understand how she feels, throwing his meal on the ground, greatly upsetting Daigo. Tohno then gives him a book of Komaki's favorite foods, which are mostly candy and regular convenience store foods. Komaki then accepts his next meal, along with his apology for not being considerate. At the end of the 2nd season, it seems Daigo and Komaki's relationship deepens as they are seen together in the end.
Daigo wasn't always such a considerate, humble guy. In his middle school days he resented his father so much that Daigo created a gang of thugs with his best friend, Renji Magatsu, as his lieutenant. They stole and brawled throughout the Shinjuku back streets, even clashing with Kyouichi Houraiji. It wasn't until Renji was arrested for murdering his own father that Daigo decided to clean up his act.
When Tatsuma Hiyuu first transferred to Magumi high school, Yuuya Daigo challenged him to a fight in the abandoned mansion near the school. It was disrupted by Aoi and Komaki, but ultimately gathering the students together during the disruption in the Dragon Stream. This results in each of them gaining their powers.
Daigo sometimes fights with his chain belt wrapped around his arm. Later it is revealed he is the Vessel of the White Tiger or Byakko; Daigo is the first to metamorphose into the Deity in Dai ni Maku, protecting Komaki against Renji Magatsu.
Combat Style: Hand-to-hand, Wrestling
An owner of an antiques shop who has business dealings with the Misato family. Hisui Kisaragi has been close to Aoi since the two were children, and he seems to harbor feelings for her. He received a charm bracelet from Aoi when they were younger, which he now holds in a pouch around his neck. He also promised that he will always protect her no matter what; thus he is very loyal to Aoi and properly calls her Aoi-sama. He is revealed to be a member of a family that has killed demons since the days of the Tokugawa shogunate. He fills the group in about demons and other phenomena that are happening around the city. Later, it is revealed that his family also has the duty of killing the person who possesses the Bodhisattva Eye (Aoi). Due to his feelings for her, he cannot bring himself to complete this task.
Kisaragi is the Vessel of the Black Tortoise, or Genbu. At the end of season two he joins Kyouichi in looking for Tatsuma.
Combat Style: Ninjutsu, Throwing Kunai, Shinto spells/talismans
Enemies
A young man with superhuman abilities who is able to transform humans into ogres and demons. A secretive and malicious person, he is responsible for bringing disorder to the Dragon Stream, causing demons to rise in the mundane realm.
Images of when his mother killed herself still haunt him, and he is often shown in a sympathetic light. It is revealed his mother was a descendant of the Kozunu (or phonetic Kodzunu) bloodline, a clan which revolted against the Shogunate when the Shogunate used force to try and take a girl with the Bodhisattva Eye from their family. The clan ultimately lost, and those that survived went into hiding. In modern time, it was discovered by Kodzunu's father's family that his mother was actually a descendant of the Kodzunu, which led them to lock her away. Wanting revenge for his mother's long suffering and suicide, he took an offer from a mysterious man named Munetaka Yagyuu who granted him power. He then slaughtered his family. To avenge his mother, he set out to destroy everything.
Tendou especially grew a strong hatred for Tatsuma Hiyuu, blaming his ancestors for the destruction of the Kodzunu clan, which ultimately led to the unfair death of his mother. His overall goal is to gather the 10 Sacred Treasures to revive the Kidou-shuu and find the Bodhisattva Eye. Eventually he manipulates Aoi Misato, using her Bodhisattva powers to bring back his ancestors in an attempt to destroy all humans. He ultimately failed and, before Tatsuma could save him, Yagyuu had him sucked into the underworld.
A mystifying 15-year-old girl with the ability to manipulate fire. Marie Claire carries a black cat named Mephisto, and is always by Kodzunu's side, but not really as his ally; she was sent by her master, Munetaka Yagyuu, to observe him and act as a messenger. Kodzunu commented that she is a doll that obeys to her master. When the temperamental child gets angry, bolts come out of her arms and forehead, and she starts to cry and drool greenish fluid as her face contorts. She then releases a devastating blast that destroys her surroundings. In the end, she was betrayed by Yagyuu and was sucked into the underworld.
Claire returns in the second season, seeking revenge against Tatsuma Hiyuu. Some of her elusive past is revealed, where she was a student at the Rozenkreuz Academy and subjected to experiments because of her pyrokinesis; Marie Claire caused the school science wing to explode and escaped into a snowstorm - only to be "rescued" by Yagyuu. Mephisto is his familiar, a gift to the girl as well as his eyes on her. However, the now lonely little girl falls in love with Tatsuma, and constantly talks about their future together (causing Mephisto to vanish).
She is the Vessel of the Vermilion Bird or Suzaku. At the end of season two she is blind and weak. She is last seen collapsing, possibly dead, as a side effect of containing the power of the Vermilion Bird.
The former leader, guitar player, and song writer of the indie band CROW. He is very shy and withdrawn, and his only friend has been Raito Umon (vocal for CROW). When Raito started disregarding Ryouichi's feelings in favor of including the other two band members of CROW (most notably changing lyrics to a particularly personal song by Ryouichi), Ryouichi snaps and murders the other band members before disappearing. Raito finds Ryouichi when the Dragon Stream breaks, giving them both supernatural powers.
Again, Ryouichi disappears, seemingly unaware of his new powers. He was later awakened to these powers through the Dark Arts by Tendou Kodzunu, which he used to terrorize the city. As his last name would suggest, Ryouichi Karasu can control flocks of crows. He is later defeated by the Magami kids in an effort to protect the city, as well as his best friend Raito. Unable to contain the Dark Arts, Ryouichi transforms into a crow-like demon. Inevitably he goes on a rampage before being killed by Kodzunu, who no longer needed him.
Aoi's old classmate who was badly picked on when he was in middle school. No one ever bothered to step in to help him, but only Aoi showed him kindness. While he was feeding a stray dog he adopted (named Chibi), Aoi arrived to help care for dog and befriend Reiji. The bullies that picked on him were angered at the fact he talked to the popular Aoi, thus deciding to kill Chibi in front of Reiji. Roughly three years later, while playing the "Chaos Game", Reiji is sought out by Kodzunu, who gave him the power to control the dream realm. He then used this power to take revenge against the people who harassed and abused him. Finally, he then tried to use this power to capture and keep Aoi, but fails when her friends came to her rescue.
Aoi later helped to clear the darkness in his heart. He fell into a coma immediately after the fight. Later, he woke up and used his psychic powers to help lead the Magami kids to Aoi after she was kidnapped by Kodzunu. In the 2nd season, Reiji has stayed at the Sakuragaoka Clinic and learns to control his own power, as well as heal others. He quickly falls in love with Nurse Maiko Takamizawa.
A second year high school student who had the ability to control wire-like objects coming out of slashes on her wrists. These garrote-like wires could powerfully slice any mundane object such as buildings and people, and Sera was apathetic about using them to kill. For unknown reasons, she wanders Shinjuku as if lost, and does not speak (although she is not mute). She later used up too much energy and was on the verge of death. Aoi saved her by unknowingly healing her wounds.
With apparently no memory and no longer an enemy to their "cause", Sera is left to wander freely. In the 2nd season, she has found a home with the homeless leaving along the river, and is primarily seen with Alan Claude, hinting at a relationship. Sera Rikudou dies protecting the group of homeless men when Tokyo collapses.
A mysterious man on a motorbike. He uses his servant, Marie Claire, as an observer and messenger between himself and Kodzunu. He was also revealed to have been the one who gave Kodzunu powers. He is the primary antagonist of the series, but only appears in the latter half of the second season, where he razes Tokyo and possesses Ryuuji (Chaos) in order to obtain the power of the Black Dragon. One of the most powerful magicians, Yagyuu can absorb any damage and reflect it back on the user. He is also very proficient in sword combat and martial arts as he managed to best Raito, Kyouichi, Tatsuma, Kureha Mibu and Ukon Yatsurugi.
Munetaka Yagyuu was alive during the Bakumatsu, helping Tendou Kodzunu's ancestors during the rise of the Kidou-shuu. He lived to face Tatsuma Hiyuu's father, Genma, who sacrificed himself so that Ryuuzan Arai, Tougo Narutaki, Doushin Narasaki, and Kyoushiro Kamui could seal him and his devastating powers. And by the time Tatsuma Hiyuu was in middle school, Munetaka Yagyuu broke free of his seal and began using his Dark Arts once more to serve his own purposes.
Others
A member of the Newspaper Club at Magami Academy whom Kyouichi labels a stalker. Goes by the nickname "Anko". A curious and determined girl, Kyoko is always out to get the scoop on Tatsuma and his group's actions. Sensing that the main characters may be hiding something, she tails them and witnesses them using their "powers". She was overwhelmed by the fact that someone was murdered during their fight with Ryouichi Karasu and locked herself in her room, refusing to go anywhere. After some persuasion by Aoi, she reconciles with the main characters. She often helps them by providing information regarding the incidents happening around the city. She seems to have extensive information of everything and good research skills. It is shown towards the end of the second season that she has a crush on Kyouichi.
The vocalist of the rock band CROW. He has the ability to manipulate lightning and electricity, as well as the ability to use a form of spell casting (accompanied by chanting and symbols). He is an extremely skilled fighter, as he was able to defeat Kyouichi, Daigo and Komaki during their first meeting.
Combat Style: Spear melee, Electrical manipulation, Spell-casting
A nurse who works at Sakuragaoka Clinic. Although a bit of an airhead, she has the ability to see Yūrei. Maiko also has an intense empathy and compassion which allow her to connect with and soothe the psychologically damaged. She has an affinity for animals, and is often seem caring for stray pets. Because she is able to see (and ultimately heal) the spirit of Reiji Sagaya's dog, Maiko proves a true help during the Dream World encounter. When he recovers, Reiji develops a crush on her, and the two are eventually seen as a couple, planning their future.
Maiko admires Takako Iwayama, aspiring to be as great as the doctor. A picture Maiko is seen studying seems to show that there is some relationship between Doctor Iwayama and Teacher Inugami, the picture seeming to imply he was some sort of father figure to Iwayama.
Combat Style: Non offensive, Intense empathy
A teacher at Magami Academy, he is also Kyoko Tohno's homeroom teacher. He is often seen feeding rabbits in hutches in the school compound. Laid back and emotionless, he is not much of teacher since he never attends meetings. He seems to know about the actual events that are happening around the city. He is actually an Inugami (literally a Dog-God or Dog-Spirit), raised during the Edo period by the creator of Magami Academy to guard the old school grounds.
Tatsuma, Kyouichi and Aoi's homeroom teacher. She can be very childish as a teacher, often screaming at the students and throwing stuff at them. She is often annoyed by Kyouichi, who calls her Maria-chan and always comes up with excuses to skip class. Though her attitude does not show it, she cares deeply for the safety of her students. She rides a motorcycle to school everyday and often speaks in English. She is, in reality, an Ogre. She reveals towards the end of the second season that she had planned to harm humans, but the conflict seemed to have caused a change of heart and she now professes to want to protect and stay with humans, especially her students.
One of two shrine maidens that are friends of Komaki. They later come to the aid of the main characters when they are forced to fight against a possessed Aoi. She, along with Hinano, appears to dislike men; she becomes very angry at Kyouichi when he first meets them. During the fight against Aoi, Yukino, Hinano, and Raito were able to combine their powers to perform what appeared to be a teleportation spell.
Combat Style: Naginata-jutsu, Spell casting
The second of two shrine maidens that are friends of Komaki. They later come to the aid of the main characters when they are forced to fight against a possessed Aoi. She appears to be very shy around men; she hides behind Yukino when Kyouichi first meets them.
Combat Style: Kyūdō, Spell casting
The doctor from Sakuragaoka Central Hospital. She has a healing ability allowing her to treat patients wounded by demonic powers. She treats those who are injured during the battle against Kodzunu. She knows Kyouichi from a very young age, as she said that he used to cry to her when he was young. Kyouichi doesn't like her as she tends to embarrass him in front of others.
Combat Style: Kekkai, Purification of the dead
A fengshui master. The Oribe sisters are seen reporting to him. He knows about the history of Kodzunu's family and about the power of Aoi. Referred to as "Mr. Eyebrows" by Tendou Kodzunu. He appeared with , fighting Tendou in episode one.
Second year student from Sakurajou High who was killed in the incident involving Ryouichi. Kodzunu revived her temporarily in order to make her lead Tatsuma into a trap. In exchange, Kodzunu had promised her that he would revive her parents, allowing her to live a normal life again. After leading Tatsuma into the trap, Kodzunu revealed that he was lying to her. In the end, before she dies again, she rescues Tatsuma from Kodzunu's trap.
A mysterious delinquent who appears early in the second season. He doesn't seem too important, but is aware of the events going on around the city. He is close to Sera Rikudou and is the Vessel of the Azure Dragon or Seiryuu. At the end of season two events he is last seen by Sera's grave and appears to be ill, possibly a side effect of being a vessel as mentioned by Ryuuzan Arai.
A teenager who appears in the last episode of the first season. He is the second season's first antagonist. He can control people through a cellphone game that was played by Reiji Sagaya. Through the cellphone game, he sent a possessed person to kill Tatsuma's foster-parents. He is the Yin of the Golden Dragon and is possessed by Yagyuu at the end of the second season who then uses his powers.
Anime
Season 1
The first season, Tokyo Majin Gakuen Kenpuchō: Tō (東京魔人學園剣風帖 龖?, lit., "Tokyo Demon Academy Sword Wind Book: Flight of the Dragon") originally aired on January 19, 2007, and ended on April 20, 2007. All of the episodes in the season are called the 'Dark Arts Chapters' (外法編 Gehou-hen).
In the nights of Tokyo, mysterious deaths involving the 'Reborn Dead' occur. The mysterious transfer student, Tatsuma Hiyuu, and delinquent student, Kyouichi Houraiji, fight the demons and attempt to discover the cause. Along with the other students at the Magami Academy in Shinjuku who all have supernatural powers, they fight the vengeful Tendo Kozunu who has unleashed a long-dead evil, bringing disorder to the Dragon Stream and threatening destruction of the city.
Season 2
A second season, titled Tokyo Majin Gakuen Kenpuchō: Tō Dai Ni Maku (東京魔人學園剣風帖 龖 第弐幕?, lit., "Tokyo Demon Academy Sword Wind Book: Flight of the Dragon Second Act") originally aired on July 27, 2007, to October 12, 2007. Its first five episodes are called the 'Martial Fist Chapters' (拳武編 Kenbu-hen), its next five episodes are called the 'Stars of Fate Chapters' (宿星編 Shukusei-hen), and the last two episodes are called 'Extra Chapters' (番外編 Bangai-hen). The 'Extra' episodes do not run in the chronological timeline of the story, but are flashbacks and fillers.
The students at the Magami Academy look forward to their graduation, but the underground assassin group known as the Twelve Heavenly Generals of the Martial Fist begin to move against those protecting the city from demons. The students discover that the Martial Fist have been duped by the evil Yagyuu Munetaka who has manipulated them. Together with the Martial Fist, the Magami students led by Tatsuma Hiyuu, risk their lives to defeat Yagyuu who is more powerful than Tendo Kozunu whom he had used as his pawn.
Themes
Opening Themes
"0:00 a.m." by ACID (first season + episodes 1 - 5 and 11 of second season)
"Prayer" by ACID (second season: episodes 6 - 9)
Closing Theme
"Hanafubuki" (花吹雪) by ACID
Insert Song
"Growing Up" by ACID
"15 sai -fifteen-" (15才-fifteen-) by ACID
"The Four Seasons-Winter, Violin Concerto" by Antonio Vivaldi
References
External links
Tokyo Majin Gakuen series 5th Anniversary site - site for the games Tokyo Majin Gakuen: Fuju Houroku and Tokyo Majin Gakuen Gehoucho: Kefurokou
Tokyo Majin Gakuen Denki
Action anime and manga
ADV Films
Anime television series based on video games
Animax original programming
Anime International Company
Funimation
Horror anime and manga
Supernatural anime and manga |
Cambridge Seven Associates, Inc. (stylized as CambridgeSeven, and sometimes as C7A) is an American architecture firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Buildings designed by the firm have included academic, museum, exhibit, hospitality, transportation, retail, office, and aquarium facilities, and have been built in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Besides architecture, it operates in the areas of urban design, planning, exhibitions, graphic, and interior design.
The company was founded in 1962. The original seven partners were Lou Bakanowsky, Ivan Chermayeff, Peter Chermayeff, Alden Christie, Paul Dietrich, Tom Geismar, and Terry Rankine.
CambridgeSeven won the American Institute of Architects Architecture Firm Award in 1993, and was described by the AIA Committee on Design as "an influential and stimulating example, demonstrating new directions of professional practice."
In 2016, the company's revenue was $26 million.
Notable projects
Academic
College of Business, Kuwait University, Sabah Al-Salem University City, Kuwait
College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Sabah Al-Salem University City, Kuwait
College for Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Sabah Al-Salem University City, Kuwait
Edwards Center for Art and Dance, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
Health and Social Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
Kanbar Hall, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
Learning Laboratory for Complex Systems, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Marine Technology & Life Sciences Seawater Research Complex, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Marine Science Center at Fintas, Kuwait University, Fintas, Kuwait
Nettie M. Stevens Science and Innovation Center, Westfield State University, Westfield, Massachusetts
Peter Buck Center for Health and Fitness, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
Pulichino Tong Business Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
Roux Center for the Environment, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
Williams College Bookstore, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
Aquariums
MOTE Aquarium, Sarasota, Florida
National Aquarium, Baltimore, Maryland
National Aquarium of Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah Financial District, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
New England Giant Ocean Tank, New England Aquarium, Boston, Massachusetts
New England Aquarium, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, the firm's first major commission
North Carolina Aquarium at Roanoke Island, Manteo, North Carolina
Oceanário de Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Ring of Fire Aquarium, Osaka, Japan
Roundhouse Aquarium, Manhattan Beach, California
Tennessee Aquarium, Chattanooga, Tennessee
The Scientific Center of Kuwait, Salmiya, Kuwait
Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center, Virginia Beach, Virginia
World Alive Exhibits, Discovery Place Science, Charlotte, North Carolina
Civic
Elevated Walkways, Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts
Gloucester Harborwalk, Gloucester, Massachusetts
Howard Ulfelder, Maryland, Healing Garden, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Kuwait Ministry of Education Headquarters Building, South Surra District, Kuwait
Kuwait National Petroleum Company Headquarters, Ahmadi, Kuwait
MBTA Design Guidelines, Boston, Massachusetts
WBUR CitySpace, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
West Cambridge Youth Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Hospitality
Ames Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts
Brookline Hilton Garden Inn, Brookline, Massachusetts
Charles Hotel, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Four Seasons Hotel & Private Residences One Dalton Street (with collaborating architects Pei Cobb Freed & Partners), Boston, Massachusetts
Four Seasons Hotel & Private Residences New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
Hanover Inn at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
Hilton Boston Logan Airport, Boston, Massachusetts
PINE Restaurant at the Hanover Inn, Hanover, New Hampshire
Revere Hotel Renovations, Boston, Massachusetts
The Liberty Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts
Williams Inn, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
Museums
Boston Children's Museum, Boston, Massachusetts
Canada Sports Hall of Fame, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Detroit Red Wings & Pistons Heritage Exhibit, Detroit, Michigan
Discovery Museum of Acton, Acton, Massachusetts
Children's Discovery Museum, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
KAFD Science Museum & Geo-Climate Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Knock Knock Children's Museum, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Murphy Keller Education Center, Heifer International Headquarters, Little Rock, Arkansas
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, Springfield, Massachusetts
San Francisco 49ers Museum & Exhibits, Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, California
The Hall at Patriot Place, Gillette Stadium, Foxborough, Massachusetts
World of Little League Museum Renovation and Exhibits, Williamsport, Pennsylvania
Notes
References
'Cambridge Seven Names Johnson President,' High Profile.com Article on New President of Cambridge Seven, January 2017
'The People's Architect,' Boston Globe article on Peter Kuttner, President of CambridgeSeven
External links
Design companies established in 1962
Companies based in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Architecture firms based in Massachusetts
1962 establishments in Massachusetts |
John Cragg (1767 – 17 July 1854) was an English ironmaster who ran a foundry in Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Cragg was an enthusiast in the use of prefabricated ironwork in the structure of buildings, and in the early 19th century became interested in building churches.
He was born in Warrington (then in the historic county of Lancashire, now in the ceremonial county of Cheshire). His business was the Merseyside Iron Foundry, which was located in Tithebarn Street, Liverpool. He had been discussing building a church in Toxteth Park, Liverpool, and in 1809 plans had been drawn up for this by J. M. Gandy. This church was never built, but in 1812 Cragg met Thomas Rickman, and together they designed the three churches in Liverpool incorporating Cragg's cast iron elements. The first of these was St George's Church, Everton (1813–14). The exterior of this church is largely in stone, but the framework of its interior, including the galleries, and the window tracery are in cast iron. The ceilings consist of slate slabs supported by cast iron rafters, which are decorated with cast iron tracery. The second church resulting from this collaboration was St Michael's Church, Aigburth (1813–15), Here, in addition to the cast iron framework of the interior, and the window tracery, the parapets, battlements, pinnacles, hoodmoulds, the dado, and other details are also in cast iron. The area around the church, known as St Michael's Hamlet contains five villas containing many cast iron features. The third cast iron church was St Philip's Church (1815–16) in Hardman Street, Liverpool, which was closed in 1882 and demolished. Some cast iron fragments have been incorporated in the fabric of the block of buildings now occupying the site of the churchyard. Cragg died on 17 July 1854, aged 87, and was buried in St James Cemetery, Liverpool.
See also
The Iron Church
References
Citations
Sources
1767 births
1854 deaths
Businesspeople from Liverpool
People from Warrington |
The 2011 Asian Archery Championships was the 17th edition of the event. It was held at the Azadi Sport Complex in Tehran, Iran from 20 to 24 October 2011 and was organized by Asian Archery Federation.
Medal summary
Recurve
Compound
Medal table
References
External links
Official Website
Asian Championship
A
A
Asian Archery Championships
Archery competitions in Iran |
```c++
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Created : 2005-12-21
// Updated : 2005-12-21
// File : glm/gtx/orthonormalize.inl
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace glm
{
template <typename T, precision P>
GLM_FUNC_QUALIFIER detail::tmat3x3<T, P> orthonormalize
(
const detail::tmat3x3<T, P>& m
)
{
detail::tmat3x3<T, P> r = m;
r[0] = normalize(r[0]);
float d0 = dot(r[0], r[1]);
r[1] -= r[0] * d0;
r[1] = normalize(r[1]);
float d1 = dot(r[1], r[2]);
d0 = dot(r[0], r[2]);
r[2] -= r[0] * d0 + r[1] * d1;
r[2] = normalize(r[2]);
return r;
}
template <typename T, precision P>
GLM_FUNC_QUALIFIER detail::tvec3<T, P> orthonormalize
(
const detail::tvec3<T, P>& x,
const detail::tvec3<T, P>& y
)
{
return normalize(x - y * dot(y, x));
}
}//namespace glm
``` |
Kshitij Baliram Shinde (born 23 March 1984) is a Singaporean cricketer.
Career
He played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament. He has played a first-class match for Maharashtra cricket team in 2005 against Tamil Nadu cricket team at MA Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai where he scored 0 and 17 after opening the innings.
References
External links
Cricketarchive
1984 births
Living people
Singaporean cricketers
Indian cricketers
Maharashtra cricketers
Cricketers from Pune
Wicket-keepers |
Good Samaritan usually refers to the Parable of the Good Samaritan, a story in the Gospel of Luke that encourages people to help others who are in danger.
The phrases Good Samaritan and The Good Samaritan may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Art
The Good Samaritan (Morot), a 1880 painting by Aimé Morot
Film
The Good Samaritan (film), 2014 crime thriller
, 1971 Japanese comedy film
Television
"The Good Samaritan" (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.), an episode of the fourth season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
The Good Samaritan (Hallmark), a 1954 episode of the Hallmark Hall of Fame
"The Good Samaritan" (NCIS), NCIS episode
"The Good Samaritan" (Seinfeld), an episode in the show's third season
"The Good Samaritan" (The Blacklist), a 2014 episode from TV series The Blacklist
Laws
Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Act of 1996, a US law intended to encourage food donations
Good Samaritan laws, several laws in different countries that offer legal protection to those who help others in distress
Religious and social care organizations
The Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society, a U.S.-based senior housing and nursing organization, now owned by Sanford Health
Good Samaritan Society, a Canadian Lutheran social service care home organization
Sisters of the Good Samaritan, a Roman Catholic congregation in Australia
Anglican Church of the Good Samaritan, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Episcopal Church of the Good Samaritan, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
Good Samaritan Hospital (disambiguation), several hospitals
Good Samaritan Children's Home, an orphanage in the Ukraine
Other uses
Inn of the Good Samaritan (Khan al-Hatruri), a archeological site (caravanserai) located at the road between Jerusalem and Jericho
Good Samaritan Catholic College
See also
Bad Samaritans (disambiguation)
Samaritan (disambiguation)
Good (disambiguation) |
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