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The University of Rennes 1 was a public university located in Rennes, France. It was founded in 1970, after splitting of the historic University of Rennes into two universities. On January 1, 2023, the University of Rennes 1 merged with five grandes écoles: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, École nationale supérieure de chimie de Rennes, ENS Rennes, INSA Rennes and Sciences-Po Rennes to create the new University of Rennes.
History
Creation of the University of Brittany
Asked by Francis II, Duke of Brittany, the Pope created the first university of Brittany in Nantes in 1460. It taught arts, medicine, law, and theology.
In 1728, the mayor of Nantes, Gérard Mellier, asked that the university be moved to Rennes, which was more trade orientated already had the Parliament of Brittany. The law school was moved the Rennes in 1730. In 1793 the French Revolution closed all universities and it was not before 1806 that the Law school reopened in Rennes.
Development of the faculties in Rennes
In 1808, Napoleon I reorganized the universities in France, creating the University of France. From the 2 original cities housing the University of Brittany, only Rennes was included in this University. Nantes had to wait until 1970 to have again its university. In 1810 a faculty of letters opened, which gathered in 1839 five schools (French literature, foreign literature, ancient literature, history, and philosophy). The science faculty opened still in Rennes in 1840. Those 3 faculties remained without clear boundaries between them until 1885 with the creation of a "Conseil des facultés" which took in 1896 the name of University of Rennes. In the middle of the 19th century, they were gathered in the Palais Universitaire, located currently in the Quai Émile Zola, but were then scattered downtown. The faculty of law and the faculty of letter were thus relocated in 1909 in the Séminaire, located currently in the Place Hoche.
Creation of the University of Rennes 1
In 1969, in order to enforce the growth of French universities, a law was passed, splitting the University of Rennes into two new entities. This new university took the name of 'University of Rennes 1'.
Creation of the new University of Rennes
In 2023, the University of Rennes 1 merged with five Grandes écoles: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, École nationale supérieure de chimie de Rennes, ENS Rennes, INSA Rennes and Sciences-Po Rennes in the 'UNIR' project, in order to create the new University of Rennes. The University of Rennes 2 with other research institutes (CNRS, INRAE, Inria, Inserm and CHU de Rennes) are associated with the project. The six establishments will be grouped together in an 'Experimental Public Establishment' (EPE), weighing nearly 7,000 staff and teachers, including a thousand researchers, 156 research laboratories and 60,000 of the 68,000 students in the Breton capital, including 7,000 international students.
Location
Most of the university's 1.64 km² of grounds lie within the city boundary of Rennes, but it has other sites dotted around Brittany. The three main campuses are in Beaulieu (in the east of Rennes), Villejean (in the north-west of Rennes) and a central campus.
Situated in the north-east of the city, the Beaulieu campus is a large complex that was still in development in 1969. Beaulieu is the home of more than a dozen science buildings (for the Faculties of mathematics, physics, biology and other schools such as the INSA) and one of philosophy. The sports facilities and the students' entertainment building are also located there.
In the north-west, the Villejean campus gathers Rennes 2's Faculties of Foreign Languages, Arts, Human Sciences and Social Sciences. Rennes I University's Faculty of Medicine is located on the edge of this Villejean campus, nearby Brittany's largest hospital center, Pontchaillou.
The city center holds two separate buildings: the Faculty of Law and Political Science, and the Faculty of Economical Science, in front of which a cloister houses the two faculties' library.
There are other sites in Lannion, Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Malo, Fougères and Dinard; some research centers in Monterfil, Paimpont and the isle of Bailleron; and a museum owned by the university in Penmarch.
Affiliated institutions
Institute of technology of Saint-Malo
Institute of Technology of Saint-Malo (or IUT of Saint-Malo) is a French higher education institution founded in 1994 and located in Saint-Malo. It is attached to the University of Rennes 1 and trains students from BAC to BAC +3 level. The Saint-Malo University Institute of Technology delivers two types of degrees: the University Technology Diplomas and Professional Licenses.
People
Alumni
Julien Chaisse (born 1976), professor of law
Yves Cochet, (1946), mathematician, politician
Yves Coppens (1934), academic, paleontologist
Alexandre Léontieff (1970), politician, former President of French Polynesia.
Ricardo Bonilla, politician, economist, Colombian Minister of Finance and Public Credit.
Faculty
Louis Le Duff, billionaire businessman
Félix Dujardin (1801–1860)
Edmond Hervé, mayor of Rennes from 1977 to 2008
Louis Le Pensec (1937), politician
Marcel Planiol
Points of interest
Jardin botanique de l'Université de Rennes
See also
List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)
University of Rennes 2
IEP Rennes
IFSIC
Law schools and colleges in France
References
Most of the article was translated from the French Wikipedia
Education in Rennes
Universities and colleges established in 1970
1970 establishments in France
Universities and colleges in Rennes
Universities in Brittany |
Jai Vardhan Yadav (alias Bachcha Yadav; born 27 July 1978) is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Paliganj assembly. Yadav started his political career in 2005 from Raghopur assembly as a member of Indian National Congress party but lost. In 2015 he was elected Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly as a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal. He is a grandson of Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav. He left the Rashtriya Janata Dal on 20 August 2020 and same day joined Janata Dal (United) in the presence of cabinet minister Bijendra Prasad Yadav.
References
People from Patna
Bihar MLAs 2015–2020
1978 births
Living people
Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians
Janata Dal (United) politicians
Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar |
The women's triple jump event at the 2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Bydgoszcz, Poland, at Zawisza Stadium on 8 and 10 July.
Medalists
Results
Final
10 July
Qualifications
8 July
Group A
Group B
Participation
According to an unofficial count, 29 athletes from 19 countries participated in the event.
References
Triple jump
Triple jump at the World Athletics U20 Championships
2008 in women's athletics |
The 40th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in southwest Pennsylvania and has been represented since 2019 by Natalie Mihalek.
District profile
The 40th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Allegheny County and Washington County and includes the following areas:
Allegheny County
Bethel Park
Upper St. Clair Township (part)
Wards 03 (part)
Division 01
Division 02
Ward 04 (part)
Divisions 02
Division 03
Division 04
Ward 05
Washington County
Peters Township
Representatives
Recent election results
References
External links
District map from the United States Census Bureau
Pennsylvania House Legislative District Maps from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.
Population Data for District 40 from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.
Government of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Government of Washington County, Pennsylvania
40
1969 establishments in Pennsylvania |
Daniel Ioniță (born 16 January 1960) is an Australian poet and translator of Romanian origin, who has been published bilingually in Australia, USA, and Romania. Ioniță is known for his writing, especially poetry and poetry in translation, as well as for his cultural activity leading the Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture.
Early life
Daniel Ioniță was born in Bucharest, Romania on January 16, 1960. Ioniță's family left Romania in 1980, initially for Austria, before settling in New Zealand (from 1981 to 1988) and finally in Australia in 1989. An Honours graduate in Psychology from Griffith University in Brisbane, Ioniță made a career as a lecturer/senior presenter in Organisational Improvement & Excellence for Lean Six SIgma Business Excellence Institute (LSSBEI.COM) and the Business Practice Unit of the University of Technology Sydney.
Writings
Poetry collections - anthologies
Initially Ioniță became known for his bilingual (English/Romanian) anthology of Romanian poetry titled Testament – Anthology of Modern Romanian Verse, published by Minerva Publishing House. The first edition (Bucharest 2012) covered 50 poets; the second edition (2015) expanded the scope of the anthology to 93 poets. These volumes span 160 years of Romanian poetry (from about 1850 to the present), translated to English with the assistance of English linguists and literature specialists Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud, and Rochelle Bews. The anthology includes the best-known Romanian poets, as well as some emergent, less-recognized ones.
An even larger edition, covering 120 poets, of Testament – Anthology of Romanian Verse (having dropped the word "modern" from the title), presented only in English, was released in the United States in March 2017, with the support of the Australian Romanian Academy of Culture and the Romanian Cultural Institute, which organized its New York book launch.
In 2018, together with Maria Tonu (from Toronto, Canada), and with the support of Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud, and Rochelle Bews, Ioniță also edited and translated the volume The Bessarabia of My Soul, which is a collection of poetry from the Republic of Moldova (MediaTon, 2018). Like Testament, this is a bilingual edition in English and Romanian, and represents some 40 Bessarabian poets starting with Alecu Russo and Alexei Mateevici, and including contemporaries such as Grigore Vieru, Leonida Lari, Leo Butnaru and others. Also notable is the presence in this volume of poems by Mihai Eminescu, who is claimed as the national poet by both Romania and the Republic of Moldova. Both the volume and the event have been chronicled at length by Ion Cuzuioc in publications in Moldova and Romania. Literary critic and historian Alex Ștefănescu wrote a review published in Literary Confluences describing the endeavour as a union between competence and good taste (no.2784 from 15 August 2018).
Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry (2019) and Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present (2020)
This anthology creation and translation work culminated with two massive and somewhat parallel works. In November 2019, Minerva Publishing brought out the bilingual volume Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry - 400 de ani de poezie românească, Ioniță being again the editor and principal translator, assisted this time by Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul, and Eva Foster.
Different to previous editions, this volume presents critical-biographical notes for every poet included. The preface is penned by literary critic and historian Alex Ștefănescu, while Australian poet and editor Martin Langford, director of Australian Poetry Inc. has written a postscript.
Occupying over 1150 pages each, it presents something new by comparison to other translation attempts. It covers the whole spectrum of published Romanian poetry, from early anonymous poetry (The "Miorița" ballad and others), the "Metropolitan Dosoftei" (17th century), and many other poets before the classical era. As with previous editions, it continue to present both classical and contemporary poetry, although providing a greatly expanded coverage - some 400 poets, compared to 50-100 poets in the previous editions.
For this volume, Ioniță was awarded the "Antoaneta Ralian" Prize for Translation from Romanian into a foreign language - of the Gaudeamus Book Fair - Bucharest 2019.
A parallel volume, almost identical in content, was published in mid 2020 in Australia and the United States by the Australian-Romanian Academy Publishing. The major difference is the cover, a few minor inside additions, and having Martin Langford as the principal preface/foreword author. This volume is slightly larger, now 1186 pages, titled Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present /Poezia românească de la origini și până în prezent, and seems based on the same structure and philosophy of Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry. It appears that Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry is published by Minerva Publishing in Romania only, while Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present is published and distributed by Australian-Romanian Academy Publishing in the rest of the world.
Daniel Ioniță's own poetry
Daniel Ioniță has also been published as a poet in his own right, with two bilingual volumes in English and Romanian, Hanging Between the Stars (Minerva Publishing House, 2013) and ContraDiction (Pim Publishing, 2016), as well as two Romanian-only volumes Insula Cuvintelor de Acasă – The Island of Words from Home (Limes Publishing, 2017) and Instructțiuni - Instructions (with ROCART Publishing, in Bucharest, 2020). In 2021 the volume Short Bursts of Eternity is published by Flying Islands in Australia.
His poetry has been generally well-received by literary critics: Constantin Cubleșan wrote that it is "difficult to pigeonhole... conversant across a number of styles... a confronting lyrical tone... a poet with no hang-ups, unlike many other contemporary ones"; Ștefan Ion GhilimescuB described it as having "a trenchant manner, very direct linguistic approach and high expressivity"; and Lucian Vasilescu observed that, "although he left Romania a long time ago, Daniel Ioniță [poetically] inhabits the Romanian language". Reviewers have positively compared various parts of his work with both earlier poets like Tudor Arghezi or Geo Dumitrescu, as well as more recent poets such as Marin Sorescu. They have also commented on the deep irony and especially self-irony of some of the poems. Ghilimescu, particularly, considers this ironic tone as being somewhat defining of the poet. Cubleșan objects to some of Daniel Ioniță's more bawdy poems, but notes them as counterbalanced by the spiritually inspired ones. The spiritual poems were also regarded favourably by Ghilimescu, who suggested possible resonances from Nietzsche and Dostoevsky. Meanwhile, Alex Ștefănescu notes in his Postscript to the volume Hanging Between the Stars: "...and now Daniel Ioniță publishes his own volume of verse, possessed by a pleasure of writing which is a rare commodity to the blasé writers of today. In fact, this Romanian from Australia rediscovers poetry, employing picturesque words like Nichita Stanescu, or transforming metaphor as a means of discovering the world, like Blaga. He does all this without imitating anyone, rather reinventing lyrical performance – with exuberance and freshness". In 2016 and in 2018, Daniel Ioniță's poems were included into a biennial anthology series of contemporary Australian poetry, All These Presences and On first looking, published by Puncher & Wattmann from Sydney, Australia. This series, initiated by Dr. Carolyn Rickett of Avondale College of Tertiary Studies in New South Wales, Australia, blends the work of established poets (e.g. Jean Kent, Judith Beveridge, Martin Langford, David Musgrave, Judy Johnson, Kit Kelen, Linda Ireland, Stephen Edgar) with emergent talent.
Ioniță's first full published volume in Australia, Short Bursts of Eternity (Flying Islands, 2020), has been described by poet Jean Kent as "often enigmatic and paradoxical... The poems have a forthright energy and openness, a flair for drama and a desire to connect as well as to entertain...The imagery may be appealingly whimsical, but this is not going to be simple poetry which will make its meaning instantly clear. A flexible way of reading is required – preferably (perhaps?) with a sense of humour and a willingness to respond intuitively to both the charm and the inherent contrariness....The struggle to retain a sense of self – a dignified personal life in a hostile world – is a recurring theme. Surreal re-imaginings of existence offer an alternative vivacity: saving the world by shaving a hedgehog, sitting on a hedgehog … or obeying the instructions of the Communist party … When all the world is absurd, it makes sense to respond with behaviour – or poetic accounts of possible behaviour – which is even more bizarre... These are haunting, disturbing poems. They are also a timely reminder that freedom to live is not to be taken for granted." Somewhat similar sentiments are expressed by Magdalena Ball in her review of Ioniță's following Australian volume, Pentimento: "The poems in Daniel Ionita’s latest collection, Pentimento, are full of theatre, irony, absurdity and a kind of joy in the strangess of life... Though occasionally confronting, Pentimento is a charming, inventive, smart and slightly audacious collection that will delight all but the most squeamish readers."
Critical reactions to Testament – Anthology of Romanian Verse
Testament - Anthology of Modern Romanian Verse (the title was changed to the more general Testament - Anthology of Romanian Verse by the time it reached the more recent American Edition) generated polarized reactions.
The controversy arose mostly from the perspective of literary politics, regarding the choice of poets and poems and therefore how representative the anthology was of Romanian poetry.
A fair number of critics were very positive, including Alex Ștefănescu ("Testament – Anthology of Modern Romanian Verse represents the pantheon of Romanian poetry"... "no important Romanian poet is missing" and "I keep Daniel Ioniță's anthology on my desk [as reference]"), Lucian Vasilescu ("The work of the author of Testament is a rare one, if not unique even, thrilling and worthy of reverence"), Radu Voinescu ("one cannot contest the coherence of this volume"; "after the success of the first edition [Daniel Ioniță's] anthology has all the hallmarks necessary to successfully represent Romanian culture to a level which we have all desired, for a very long time"); Florin Ionescu, referring to the second edition - "the current volume represents a true panorama of the poetic diversity of Romanian literature"; finally Melania Cuc – "Through the clear and professional approach, with exceptional dexterity in the use and linkage of syntagma, the poet-translator Daniel Ioniță manages to bring to the light of print, and take to the world, a book of true value for us as a nation."
The opposition to the anthology was almost equally vehement, and came from two sources. One was Corneliu Vadim Tudor, who wrote a blog article entitled "Ugly book! Smacks to whoever wrote you!". Vadim Tudor, a Romanian poet and politician, objected to the omission of poets such as Andrei Mureșanu (author of the verses to Deșteaptă-te, române!, the Romanian national anthem), Nichifor Crainic, and others. The second one is a similarly scathing article by Răzvan Voncu, who also objects to the inclusion of certain poets over others ("A ridiculous anthology"). He objects to the absence of some poets such as Geo Dumitrescu, Dinu Flamand, and A.E.Baconski, as well as the presence of authors such as Nicolae Tzone or Adi Cusin (incidentally all these poets were included in subsequent editions such as Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present and Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry). Voncu also disagrees with the chronological presentation of the poets in the volume. The quality of translation itself appears to be a secondary concern among these reviews, although Razvan Voncu, surprisingly and without any substantiation, asserts that "Daniel Ioniță is not a translator...".
Contrary to this view, Horia Gârbea, a noted literary critic and experienced translator from and into the English language, in reviewing Testament 400 Years of Romanian Poetry, asserts that Daniel Ioniță and his team have displayed "a remarkable faithfulness" in their translations, that they are " particularly gifted and skilled" at this. Also, one English-speaking reviewer surmised that "...[Testament] transfers well a voice which is distinctly Romanian into English, making it possible for the Romanian accent to be heard in our [English] language... This volume represents a window into Romania's soul." In addition, two notable literary critics, Pavel Perfil and Alex Ștefănescu describe the book-launch of Testament in Australia as an exceptional opportunity to represent Romanian poetry outside Romania. Both single out specifically the recital by actor Tug Dumbly of a poem from it (Eminescu's "Glossa") in the Parliament of New South Wales in Sydney on the occasion of Romania's national Day (1 December 2012). In his extensive critical review of Mihai Eminescu's work, Ștefănescu renders the whole of Eminescu's Gloss in the English version from Testament, as a demonstration to his readers that this technically difficult work can be successfully transferred into English.
Cultural influence
Perhaps because of these differing views, Ioniță has received a considerable amount of exposure in the media, with various television channels (TVR, SperantaTV, TVR International, TVR Transilvania, Cotidianul TV, Nașul-TV among others) and radio stations (Radio Romania Actualități, SmartFM in Romania, the ABC and SBS stations in Australia, ARCA TV from the US) broadcasting about his work, and interviewing on a regular basis when he visits Romania. This exposure increased especially after the formation, in 2014, of the Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture, a body promoting specific cultural cooperation projects involving artists, writers and academics from Australia and Romania. Ioniță's work has also been translated into other media: singers-songwriters Cătălin Condurache, Sandy Deac, and Adrian Ivanițchi have written and performed songs on some of Ioniță's more romantic poems.
Published works
2012 - 2015 - Testament – Anthology of Modern Romanian Verse / Testament - Antologie de Poezie Română Modernă, bilingual version (English/Romanian) – Minerva Publishing, 2012, second edition 2015. Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud and Rochelle Bews.
2013 - Hanging Between the Stars / Agățat Între Stele - debut volume of his own poetry bilingual English/Romanian – Minerva Publishing -
2016 - ContraDiction / ContraDicție – poetry - bilingual Romanian / English - PIM Publishing 2016 - Bibliotheca Universalis Collection -
2017 - Testament – Anthology of Romanian Verse - American Edition - monolingual English version - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud and Rochelle Bews - Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture -2017. 120 poets, including some significant Romanian poets who settled in USA and Canada -
2017 - The Island of Words from Home (Insula Cuvintelor de Acasă), poetry volume in Romanian - Limes Publishing -
2018 -The Bessarabia of My Soul / Basarabia sufletului meu – a collection of poetry from the Republic of Moldova - bilingual English/Romanian – Daniel Ioniță and Maria Tonu (editors) - with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud and Rochelle Bews - MediaTon, Toronto, supported by the Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture -
2019 -Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry/400 de ani de poezie românească - Minerva Publishing 2019 - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) assisted by Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul and Eva Foster.
2020 - Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present - bilingual edition - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul and Eva Foster - Australian-Romanian Academy Publishing - 2020 - ; LCCN: 2020907831
2020 - Instrucțiuni (Instructions) - poetry volume in Romanian - ROCART Publishing, Bucharest -
2021 - Return Ticket from Sydney to Bistrița - A Lyrical Carousel between the Antipodes - bilingual English/Romanian - Daniel Ioniță, Adriana Paul, Dorel Cosma, Zorin Diaconescu, Menuț Maximinian (editors) - Australian Romanian Academy Publishing - ; LCCN - 2021907064
2021 - Short Bursts of Eternity - poems - Flying Island Books, Australia -
2022 - Pentimento - poems - Interactive Publications, Australia -
Presence in anthologies
2013 – Insomnii Mătăsoase / Silky Insomnias, edited by Stefania Grigorascu-Zanfir (Ed.PASTEL, Brasov) -
2014 – Lyrical Symbioses (Simbioze Lirice) – edited by Rodica Elena Lupu and George Roca (Anamarol, Bucharest) -
2015 – Testament – Anthology of Modern Romanian Verse (Minerva Publishing, Bucharest, second edition, bilingual English/Romanian) -
2016 - All These Presences (Puncher & Wattmann, Sydney, Australia) - editors Jean Kent, David Musgrave and Carolyn Rickett - an anthology covering both recognised and emerging contemporary Australian Poets -
2016 – Stellar Relief / Relief Stelar (Ed.Armonii Culturale, Bucharest) – a bilingual anthology of Romanian poets from the Romanian diaspora, edited by Maria Tonu.
2018 –The Bessarabia of My Soul / Basarabia sufletului meu – a collection of poetry from the Republic of Moldova - bilingual English/Romanian – Daniel Ioniță and Maria Tonu (editors) - with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud and Rochelle Bews - (MediaTon, Toronto, supported by the Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture).
2018 - On first looking - Puncher & Wattmann Sydney, Australia) - editors Jean Kent, David Musgrave and Carolyn Rickett - an anthology covering both recognised and emerging contemporary Australian Poets -
2019 - Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry/400 de ani de poezie românească - Minerva Publishing 2019 - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) assisted by Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul and Eva Foster.
2020 - Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present - bilingual edition - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul and Eva Foster - Australian-Romanian Academy Publishing - 2020 - ; LCCN - 2020907831
2021 - Return Ticket from Sydney to Bistrița - A Lyrical Carousel between the Antipodes - bilingual English/Romanian - Daniel Ioniță, Adriana Paul, Dorel Cosma, Zorin Diaconescu, Menuț Maximinian (editors) - Australian Romanian Academy Publishing - ; LCCN - 2021907064
Awards
The Poetry Award for 2018, offered by the magazine Literatura și Arta (Literature and Art) - Chișinău - the Republic of Moldova
The "Antoaneta Ralian" 2019 Prize for Translation from Romanian into a foreign language for the volume Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry / Testament - 400 de ani de poezie românească - offered by the Gaudeamus Bookfair (Târgul de Carte Gaudeamus) - 2019
References
External links
http://www.compulsivereader.com/2022/08/24/a-review-of-pentimento-by-daniel-ionita/
Interview with Daniel Ioniță by Matei Schiteie - Revista Pozitiv
In TVR terview by Carol Kalauz (SBS Australian/Romanian Program)
Award of the "Antoaneta Ralian" for the volume Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry - at the Gaudeamus Book Fair 2019 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oSopPJQdAs
Interview at TV Ploiești - producer and presenter Daniel Dimache - with Daniel Reynaud and Daniel Ioniță - https://gazetaph.ro/australia-romania-via-ploiesti/
Interview at A7TV - producer and prezenter Cornel Dărăvășan - with Daniel Reynaud and Daniel Ioniță - https://www.facebook.com/a7tv.ro/videos/514644809125423/UzpfSTE1ODEzNTUxNjU6MTAyMTkyMDE5MDMwNzAwMTM/
Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry - Cluj Book Launch - with Adrian Ivanitchi, Daniel Reynaud, Hana Botta, Eva Precub, Adriana Meșter, Adrian Popescu, Zorin Diaconescu - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffdfu0eiLYA&t=57s
Media Release - Confluențe Literare - Rexlibris Media Group - https://confluente.org/rexlibris_media_group_1602288484.html
TVR International - interview with Daniel Ioniță by Sandrino Gavriloaia - http://tvri.tvr.ro/romane-te-din-sydney_29146.html
TVR International - Romanian 100 - event organized by the Australian-Romanian Academy - https://www.facebook.com/DanielIonitaPaginaRomaneasca/videos/1659258554160532
Leviathan article about Testament 400 Years of Romanian Poetry -https://leviathan.ro/testament-400-de-ani-de-poezie-romaneasca-400-years-of-romanian-poetry/
Excerpt of Book Launch - Insula Cuvintelor de Acasă/The Island of Words from Home - with Manuela Hărăbor, Nicu Alifantis, Lucian Vasilescu, Alex Ștefănescu -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1lsXRC-lLU
Book launch of On First Looking - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1lsXRC-lLU
December - song - Nicu Alifantia (music), George Bacovia (text), Daniel Reynaud (interpreter), Daniel Ioniță (translator) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzsLUujQ_sw
Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present - a short youtube presentation by the editor - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNnO6_OwCKI
New York book launch video of Testament - Anthology of Romanian Verse - American Edition at ICR New York - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSJJRHVtQxc
TVR International - video of Sydney book launch of Testament - Anthology of Romanian Verse - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwOzfmJmXcI
Radio Romania - video of the award of prize for translation "Antoaneta Ralian" for the volume Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry - at the Gaudeamus Book Fair in Bucharest (2019) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oSopPJQdAs
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #1 - Introduction - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rdn67rYe66Y
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #2 - Lucian Blaga - https://studio.youtube.com/video/JQB_NQqCzLQ/edit
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #3 - Nina Cassian - https://studio.youtube.com/video/lBFwgglF_40/edit
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #4 - Mihai Eminescu - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bybXvZy6Q-0
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #5 - Camelia Radulian - https://studio.youtube.com/video/_d2aPdgstUQ/edit
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #6 - Tudor Arghezi - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsBU_0FB_2I
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #7 - Tristan Tzara - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jh1c0N4cA1E
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #8 - Ana Blandiana - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzD7R3znP1Y
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #9 - Nichita Stănescu - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNBaABw3phg
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #10 - Adrian Păunescu - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4umIUa_1flQ
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #11 - Radu Gyr - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_unQwcCuPx4
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #12 - George Bacovia - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lg3fClW-HU
Romanian Poetry in English - video episode #13 - Nicolae Labiș - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMF_S4l-x6o
1960 births
Living people
Australian male poets
Romanian emigrants to Australia
Romanian-language poets
Writers from Bucharest
Romanian–English translators
Australian translators
21st-century Australian poets
21st-century translators
Auckland University of Technology alumni
Griffith University alumni |
Irène Némirovsky (; 11 February 1903 – 17 August 1942) was a novelist of Ukrainian Jewish origin who was born in Kiev, then in the Russian Empire. She lived more than half her life in France, and wrote in French, but was denied French citizenship. Arrested as a Jew under the racial lawswhich did not take into account her conversion to Roman Catholicismshe was murdered in Auschwitz at the age of 39. Némirovsky is best known for the posthumously published Suite française.
Life and career
Némirovsky was born Irina Lvivna Nemirovska () in 1903 in Kiev, then Russian Empire, the daughter of a wealthy banker, Léon (Lev) Némirovsky. Her volatile and unhappy relationship with her mother became the heart of many of her novels.
Her family fled the Russian Empire at the start of the Russian Revolution in 1917, spent 1918 in Finland, and then settled in Paris, where Némirovsky attended the Sorbonne and began writing when she was 18 years old.
In 1926, Némirovsky married Michel Epstein, a banker, and had two daughters: Denise, born in 1929; and Élisabeth, in 1937.
In 1929, she published David Golder, the story of a Jewish banker unable to please his troubled daughter. It was an immediate success, and was adapted to the big screen by Julien Duvivier in 1930, with Harry Baur as David Golder. In 1930, her novel Le Bal, the story of a mistreated daughter and the revenge of a teenager, became a play and a movie.
The David Golder manuscript was sent by post to the publishing company Éditions Grasset with a poste restante address and signed Epstein. H. Muller, a reader for Grasset, immediately tried to find the author but failed, so Grasset advertised in newspapers for the author's identity. However, she was busy bearing her first child, Denise. When Némirovsky finally appeared as the author of David Golder, the unverified story is that the publisher was surprised that such a young woman was able to write such a powerful book.
Although she was widely recognized as a major authoreven by some anti-Semitic writers like Robert BrasillachFrench citizenship was denied to the Némirovskys in 1938.
Némirovsky was of Russian-Jewish origin, but was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church in 1939 and wrote in Candide and Gringoire, two magazines with ultra-nationalist tendencies. After the war started, Gringoire was the only magazine that continued to publish her work, thus "guarantee[ing] Némirovsky's family some desperately needed income".
By 1940, Némirovsky's husband was unable to continue working at the bank, and Némirovsky's books could no longer be published, because of her Jewish ancestry. Upon the Nazis' approach to Paris, they fled with their two daughters to the village of Issy-l'Evêque (the Némirovskys initially sent them to live with their nanny's family in Burgundy, while staying on in Paris themselves; they had already lost their Russian home and refused to lose their home in France), where Némirovsky was required to wear the Yellow star.
On 13 July 1942, Némirovsky (then 39) was arrested as a "stateless person of Jewish descent" by policemen employed by Vichy France. As she was being taken away, she told her daughters, "I am going on a journey now." She was brought to a convoy assembly camp at Pithiviers, and on 17 July 1942, together with 928 other Jewish deportees, transported to the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz, in Poland. Upon her arrival there two days later, her forearm was marked with an identification number. She died a month later of typhus. On 6 November 1942, her husband, Michel Epstein, was sent to Auschwitz and immediately murdered in the gas chambers.
Rediscovery
Némirovsky is now best known as the author of the unfinished Suite Française (Denoël, France, 2004, ; translation by Sandra Smith, Knopf, 2006, ), two novellas portraying life in France between 4 June 1940 and 1 July 1941, the period during which the Nazis occupied most of France. These works are considered remarkable because they were written during the actual period itself, and yet are the product of considered reflection, rather than just a journal of events, as might be expected considering the personal turmoil experienced by the author at the time.
Némirovsky's older daughter, Denise, kept the notebook containing the manuscript for Suite Française for fifty years without reading it, thinking it was a journal or diary of her mother's, which would be too painful to read. In the late 1990s, however, she made arrangements to donate her mother's papers to a French archive and decided to examine the notebook first. Upon discovering what it contained, she instead had it published in France, where it became a bestseller in 2004. It sold 2.5 million copies by 2008 and has been translated into 38 languages.
The original manuscript has been given to the Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine (IMEC), and the novel has won the Prix Renaudotthe first time the prize has been awarded posthumously.
Némirovsky's surviving notes sketch a general outline of a story arc that was intended to include the two existing novellas, as well as three more to take place later during the war and at its end. She wrote that the rest of the work was "in limbo, and what limbo! It's really in the lap of the gods since it depends on what happens."
In a January 2006 interview with the BBC, her daughter Denise said, "For me, the greatest joy is knowing that the book is being read. It is an extraordinary feeling to have brought my mother back to life. It shows that the Nazis did not truly succeed in killing her. It is not vengeance, but it is a victory."
Controversy
Several reviewers and commentators have raised questions regarding Némirovsky's conversion to Catholicism, her generally negative depiction of Jews in her writing and her use of ultra-nationalist publications to provide for her family.
Myriam Anissimov's introduction to the French edition of Suite Française describes Némirovsky as a "self-hating Jew," due to the fact that Némirovsky's own situation as a Jew in France is not at all seen in the work. The paragraph was omitted from the English edition.
A long article in The Jewish Quarterly argued that there had been an "abdication of critical responsibility in exchange for the more sensational copy to be had from Némirovsky’s biography" by most reviewers in the British press.
Fire in the Blood
In 2007, another novel by Némirovsky was published, after a complete manuscript was found in her archives by two French biographers. Chaleur du sangtranslated to English by Sandra Smith as Fire in the Bloodis a tale of country folk in a Burgundy village, based on Issy-l'Évêque where Némirovsky and her family found temporary refuge while hiding from the Nazis.
Works
Published during the author's life
L'Enfant génial (Éditions Fayard, 1927). Was renamed by the publisher L'enfant prodige in 1992 with the approval of Némirovsky's daughters, because the French term génial had become widely used in slang (similar to awesome) and no longer had the same connotations.
David Golder (Éditions Grasset, 1929). David Golder, trans. Sylvia Stuart (1930); also trans. Sandra Smith (2007).
Le Bal (Éditions Grasset, 1930). Trans. Sandra Smith in Le Bal / Snow in Autumn (2007)
Le malentendu (Éditions Fayard, 1930)
Les Mouches d'automne (Éditions Grasset, 1931). Trans. Sandra Smith in Le Bal / Snow in Autumn (2007)
L'Affaire Courilof (Éditions Grasset, 1933). The Courilof Affair, trans. Sandra Smith (2008)
Le Pion sur l'échiquier (Éditions Albin Michel, 1934)
Films parlés (Éditions Nouvelle Revue Française, 1934)
Le Vin de solitude (Éditions Albin Michel, 1935). The Wine of Solitude, trans. Sandra Smith (Vintage, 2012).
Jézabel (Éditions Albin Michel, 1936). A Modern Jezebel, trans. Barre Dunbar (Henry Holt & Co., 1937); also as Jezebel, trans. Sandra Smith (Vintage, 2010).
La Proie (Éditions Albin Michel, 1938)
Deux (Éditions Albin Michel, 1939)
Le maître des âmes (Revue Gringoire, 1939, published as weekly episodes)
Les Chiens et les loups (Éditions Albin Michel, 1940). The Dogs and the Wolves, trans. Sandra Smith (2009)
Works published posthumously
La Vie de Tchekhov (Éditions Albin Michel, 1946)
Les Biens de ce monde (Éditions Albin Michel, 1947). All Our Worldly Goods, trans. Sandra Smith (Vintage, 2011).
Les Feux de l'automne (Éditions Albin Michel, 1957). The Fires of Autumn, trans. Sandra Smith (2014).
Dimanche (short stories) (Éditions Stock, 2000). Dimanche and Other Stories, trans. Bridget Patterson (Persephone Books, 2010)
Destinées et autres nouvelles (Éditions Sables, 2004)
Suite française (Éditions Denoël, 2004). Suite Française, trans. Sandra Smith (Chatto & Windus, 2004; Alfred A. Knopf, 2006).
Le maître des âmes (Éditions Denoël, 2005)
Chaleur du sang (Éditions Denoël, 2007). Fire in the Blood, trans. Sandra Smith (Chatto & Windus, 2007, )
Les vierges et autres nouvelles, Éditions Denoël, 2009
Compilations in English
Le Bal / Snow in Autumn, trans. Sandra Smith (2007)
David Golder, The Ball, Snow in Autumn, The Courilof Affair, trans. Sandra Smith (2008)
Awards and honors
2004: Prix Renaudot, for Suite française
Adaptations
An opera made from the 1930 novel Le Bal was first performed in 2010 at the Hamburg Opera House, Germany (composed by Oscar Strasnoy, adapted by Matthew Jocelyn.)
A dramatization of the 1930 novel Le malentendu was broadcast by BBC Radio as The Misunderstanding in January 2019.
Biography
A biography of Némirovsky, Irene Nemirovsky: Her Life And Works, written by Jonathan Weiss, was published in 2006.
See also
Hélène Berr – French diarist
Hana Brady – Jewish girl and Holocaust victim; subject of the children's book Hana's Suitcase
Helga Deen – wrote a diary in Herzogenbusch concentration camp (Camp Vught)
Etty Hillesum – wrote a diary in Amsterdam and Camp Westerbork
Věra Kohnová – Czech diarist
David Koker – wrote a diary in Herzogenbusch concentration camp (Camp Vught)
Janet Langhart – author of a one-act play, "Anne and Emmett"
Rutka Laskier – Polish diarist
Bruce Marshall – Scottish novelist; his life has parallels with Némirovsky's and his novel Yellow Tapers for Paris is similar to Suite Française
Tanya Savicheva – Russian child diarist
Sophie Scholl – German student executed by the Nazis
Henio Zytomirski – Polish boy who was a Holocaust victim
The Dogs and the Wolves (novel)
References
Further reading
Lise Jaillant, "A Masterpiece Ripped from Oblivion: Rediscovered Manuscripts and the Memory of the Holocaust in Contemporary France", Clio 39.3 (Summer 2010): 359–79.
Olivier Philipponnat and Patrick Lienhardt, The Life of Irène Némirovsky: 1903–1942, London: Chatto & Windus, 2010. Translated by Euan Cameron. . Available in U. S. May 4, 2010.
Jonathan Weiss, Irène Némirovsky: Her Life and Works, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006. .
Élisabeth Gille, Le Mirador, Mémoires rêvées (by Nemirovsky's youngest daughter, a "dreamed biography" of her mother), Presses de la Renaissance (1992), , Available in English from Knopf, Fall 2006.
Serge Klarsfeld, Le Memorial de la Deportation des Juifs de France, Paris, 1978. No pagination.
Olivier Corpet and Garret White (editors), Woman of Letters: Irène Némirovsky and Suite Française (with a short story, "The Virgins" by Irène Némirovsky, Five Ties Publishing, September 1, 2008. .
Angela Kershaw, Before Auschwitz: Irène Némirovsky and the Cultural Landscape of Inter-war France, Routledge, August 1, 2009.
Olivier Philipponnat, "The 'Ambiguities' of Irène Némirovsky" (review of Angela Kershaw's Before Auschwitz: Irène Némirovsky and the Cultural Landscape of Inter-war France, 18 April 2013, translated into English by Susannah Dale.
External links
Website dedicated to Irène Némirovsky
Site dédié à l'écrivain Irène Némirovsky
Irene Nemirovsky at Random House Australia
Université McGill: le roman selon les romanciers Inventory and analysis of Irene Némirovsky's non-novelistic writings about novel
Interview of Denise Epstein & Sandra Smith WAMU American University Radio
Jewish Literary Review: "Tell the full story of Irène Némirovsky"
Author Profile at Persephone Books
Critical reviews of Suite Française
Peter Kemp in The Times
Andrew Riemer in The Sydney Morning Herald
A review by: Paul La Farge
1903 births
1942 deaths
Writers from Kyiv
French Roman Catholics
French women novelists
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism
Jewish novelists
Deaths from typhus
Jewish French writers
French people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
Russian writers in French
French writers
Prix Renaudot winners
French civilians killed in World War II
20th-century French women writers
20th-century French novelists
Ukrainian Jews who died in the Holocaust
French Jews who died in the Holocaust
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
Infectious disease deaths in Poland |
Sydney Lake is a small glacial lake located about 46 miles from Minaki, Ontario. It was named after Sydney Forester, who surveyed the area in the early 20th century for the Government of Canada.
History
Native Americans inhabited the land in unknown time period. Evidence of this is seen in pictographs and rock paintings in nearby Pineapple Lake. Hudson's Bay Company set up a fur trade post on the Sturgeon River, a primary outflow of the lake. In 1933, John Fahlgren purchased a plot of land from entrepreneur Anton Vick. In 1950, Fahlgren contracted a small cabin for guests to come and stay.
Description
In 1980, Sydney Lake Lodge opened. Water temperatures in Sydney Lake range from 45 °F (7.2 °C) and 70 °F (21.1 °C) providing habitat for both cold water and warm water fish including walleye, northern pike, and lake trout. There are over 100 islands located throughout the lake and its connecting bays, streams, and coves. Wildlife present in the area include beavers, marmots, wolverines, black bears, grizzly bears, moose, bald eagles, various types of birds, and turtles. A section of the lake is in Woodland Caribou Provincial Park.
See also
Minaki, Ontario
Red Lake, Ontario
List of lakes in Ontario
References
External links
Sydney Lake Lodge
Glacial lakes of Canada
Lakes of Kenora District |
Cold Breath is a 2017 film by Abbas Raziji.
This movie was placed among 2017's ten best movies by the New Orleans Film Society.
Plot
Maryam is in her thirties. The one who is born as a girl, passed puberty like a boy and in the way of subsistence tried hard every day just like a man...
Cast
Bita Badran as Maryam
Nader Naderpoor as Ghasem
Parichehr Riali as Nasrin
Majid Mozaffari as Dr. Mansour
Yasin Rasouli as Reza
Kimia Mollaee as Raha
Ezzatollah Ramezanifar as baba Rahim
Release and reception
Cold Breath was screened at the competition section of the 41st annual Atlanta Film Festival. It was also screened at the London Independent Film Festival. It went on to win Best Narrative Feature at the Ridgefield Independent Film Festival, the Jury Award for Feature Narrative at the Mammoth Lakes Film Festival, and the Best Narrative Feature at the Calcutta International Cult Film Festival. Bita Badran was awarded Best Actress at the Salento International Film Festival. Abbas Raziji won the best director award from AOF film festival. This movie was placed among 2017's ten best movies by the New Orleans Film Society.
References
External links
2017 films
Iranian drama films |
```objective-c
/******************************************************************************
**
**
** path_to_url
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
** WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
**
**
******************************************************************************/
#pragma once
#include "esif_ccb.h"
#include "esif_ccb_rc.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// Current IPF SDK Version: Major.Minor.Revision where same Major.Minor compatible with other Revisions, but not newer Major.Minor
#define IPF_SDK_VERSION "1.0.11100"
typedef u64 ipfsdk_version_t; // IPF SDK Encoded Version Number
// IPF SDK Encoded Version Number Helper Macros
#define IPFSDK_VERSION(major, minor, revision) ((((ipfsdk_version_t)(major) & 0xffff) << 32) | (((ipfsdk_version_t)(minor) & 0xffff) << 16) | ((ipfsdk_version_t)(revision) & 0xffff))
#define IPFSDK_GETMAJOR(ver) ((u32)(((ver) & 0x0000ffff00000000) >> 32))
#define IPFSDK_GETMINOR(ver) (((u32)(ver) & 0xffff0000) >> 16)
#define IPFSDK_GETRELEASE(ver) ((u32)(((ver) & 0x0000ffffffff0000) >> 16))
#define IPFSDK_GETREVISION(ver) ((u32)(ver) & 0x0000ffff)
// Convert an IPF SDK Version string to an Encoded Version Number that can be directly compared with another
static ESIF_INLINE ipfsdk_version_t IpfSdk_VersionFromString(const char *str) {
ipfsdk_version_t ver = 0;
if (str) {
const char *dot = strchr(str, '.');
const char *dotdot = (dot ? strchr(dot + 1, '.') : NULL);
u32 major = atoi(str);
u32 minor = (dot ? atoi(dot + 1) : 0);
u32 revision = (dotdot ? atoi(dotdot + 1) : 0);
ver = IPFSDK_VERSION(major, minor, revision);
}
return ver;
}
``` |
Suzhal () is a 2012 Indian Tamil language thriller film directed by Jayan R. Krishna and starring Atul Kulkarni, Fariz and Prathap K. Pothan. It was released on 27 July 2012.
Cast
Atul Kulkarni
Fariz
Hemachandran
Prathap K. Pothan as Mathews
Nizhalgal Ravi
Kadhal Sukumar
Charu
Rosaline
Jyothi
Hareesh Peradi
Poly Varghese
Production
Director R. Jayakumar had been associated with theatre scene in Chennai since the early 1990s and opted to make his directorial debut with editor B. Lenin's guidance. Atul Kulkarni was signed to play a key role along with 10 newcomers, including Fariz, who played the main lead. The film was shot for ten days on a ship heading towards Lakshadweep.
Soundtrack
The music was composed by L. Vaidyanathan's son Ganesh, who did the rerecording for Pesum Padam (1987).
Yaar Yaaro - Raja Hasan
Solla Vandhen - Hariharan, Sadhana Sargam
Vaa Nanba Vaa - Benny Dayal, Suvi Suresh
Aadum Alai Mele - Suvi Suresh
Mercury - Blaze, L. V. Muthukumarasamy, Prashanthini
Reception
The film was released on 27 July 2012 across Tamil Nadu. A review from The New Indian Express wrote "an interesting tale, if only it was original. A straight lift of the chilling French thriller 13 Tzameti (2005), the film faithfully followed the original with only minor changes for nativity." A reviewer from Times of India wrote "both the script and its execution are immature to say the least and what should have been a tense cat-and-mouse game ends up as a joke that tests your patience."
A critic from Behindwoods.com noted "overall you feel that the script should have been a little tighter and the first half should have been better." Critic Rohit Ramachandran from Nowrunning stated that "A pointless first half with nothing to offer takes us to a remarkably gripping second half".
Box office
The film had a below average run at the Chennai box office, but Atul Kulkarni claimed that the film did well.
References
External links
2012 films
2012 drama films
Indian drama films
2010s Tamil-language films |
Mobile Business Intelligence (Mobile BI or Mobile Intelligence) is defined as “Mobile BI is a system comprising both technical and organizational elements that present historical and/or real-time information to its users for analysis on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets (not laptops), to enable effective decision-making and management support, for the overall purpose of increasing firm performance.” (Peters et al., 2016). Business intelligence (BI) refers to computer-based techniques used in spotting, digging-out, and analyzing business data, such as sales revenue by products and/or departments or associated costs and incomes.
Although the concept of mobile computing has been prevalent for over a decade, Mobile BI has shown a momentum/growth only very recently. This change has been partly encouraged by a change from the ‘wired world’ to a wireless world with the advantage of smartphones which has led to a new era of mobile computing, especially in the field of BI.
According to the Aberdeen Group, a large number of companies are rapidly undertaking mobile BI owing to a large number of market pressures such as the need for higher efficiency in business processes, improvement in employee productivity (e.g., time spent looking for information), better and faster decision making, better customer service, and delivery of real-time bi-directional data access to make decisions anytime and anywhere. But despite the apparent advantages of mobile information delivery, mobile BI is still in the ‘early adopter’ phase. Some CFOs remain skeptical of the business benefits and with the perceived lack of specific business use cases and tangible ROI, mobile BI adoption is still behind the curve compared with other enterprise mobile applications.
History
Information delivery to mobile devices
The predominant method for accessing BI information is using proprietary software or a Web browser on a personal computer to connect to BI applications. These BI applications request data from databases. Starting in the late 1990s, BI systems offered alternatives for receiving data, including email and mobile devices..
Static data push
Initially, mobile devices such as pagers and mobile phones received pushed data using a short message service (SMS) or text messages. These applications were designed for specific mobile devices, contained minimal amounts of information, and provided no data interactivity. As a result, the early mobile BI applications were expensive to design and maintain while providing limited informational value, and garnered little interest.
Data access via a mobile browser
The mobile browser on a smartphone, a handheld computer integrated with a mobile phone, provided a means to read simple tables of data. The small screen space, immature mobile browsers, and slow data transmission could not provide a satisfactory BI experience.
Accessibility and bandwidth may be perceived as issues when it comes to mobile technology, but BI solutions provide advanced functionality to predict and outperform such potential challenges. While Web-based mobile BI solutions provide little to no control over the processing of data in a network, managed BI solutions for mobile devices only utilize the server for specific operations. In addition, local reports are compressed both during transmission and on the device, permitting greater flexibility for storage and receipt of these reports. Within a mobile environment, users capitalize on easy access to information because the mobile application operates within a single authoring environment that permits access to all BI content (respecting existing security) regardless of language or locale. Furthermore, the user will not need to build and maintain a separate mobile BI deployment. In addition, mobile BI requires much less bandwidth for functionality. Mobile BI promises a small report footprint on memory, encryption during transmission as well as on the device, and compressed data storage for offline viewing and use.
Mobile client application
In 2002, Research in Motion released the first BlackBerry smartphone optimized for wireless email use. Wireless e-mail proved to be the “killer app” that accelerated the popularity of the smartphone market. By the mid-2000s, Research in Motion's BlackBerry had solidified its hold on the smartphone market with both corporate and governmental organizations. The BlackBerry smartphones eliminated the obstacles to mobile business intelligence. The BlackBerry offered a consistent treatment of data across its many models, provided a much larger screen for viewing data, and allowed user interactivity via the thumbwheel and keyboard. BI vendors re-entered the market with offerings spanning different mobile operating systems (BlackBerry, Windows, Symbian) and data access methods. The two most popular data access options were:
to use the mobile browser to access data, similar to desktop computer, and
to create a native application designed specifically for the mobile device.
Research in Motion is continuing to lose market share to Apple and Android smartphones. In the first three months of 2011 Google's Android OS gained 7 points of market share. During the same time period RIM's market share collapsed and dropped almost 5 points.
Purpose-built Mobile BI apps
Apple quickly set the standard for mobile devices with the introduction of the iPhone. In the first three years, Apple sold over 33.75 million units. Similarly, in 2010, Apple sold over 1 million iPads in just under three months. Both devices feature an interactive touchscreen display that is the de facto standard on many mobile phones and tablet computers.
In 2008, Apple published the SDK for which developers can build applications that run natively on the iPhone and iPad instead of Safari-based applications. These native applications can give the user a robust, easier-to-read and easier-to-navigate experience.
Others were quick to join in the success of mobile devices and app downloads. The Google Play Store now has over 700,000 apps available for the mobile devices running the Android operating system.
More importantly, the advent of the mobile device has radically changed the way people use data on their mobile devices. This includes mobile BI. Business intelligence applications can be used to transform reports and data into mobile dashboards, and have them instantly delivered to any mobile device.
Google Inc.’s Android has overtaken Apple Inc.’s iOS in the wildly growing arena of app downloads. In the second quarter of 2011, 44% of all apps downloaded from app marketplaces across the web were for Android devices while 31% were for Apple devices, according to new data from ABI Research. The remaining apps were for various other mobile operating systems, including BlackBerry and Windows Phone 7.
Mobile BI applications have evolved from being a client application for viewing data to a purpose-built application designed to provide information and workflows necessary to quickly make business decisions and take action.
Web Applications vs. Device-Specific Applications for Mobile BI
In early 2011, as the mobile BI software market started to mature and adoption started to grow at a significant pace in both small and large enterprises, most vendors adopted either a purpose-built, device-specific application strategy (e.g. iPhone or Android apps, downloaded from iTunes or the Google Play Store) or a web application strategy (browser-based, works on most devices without an application being installed on the device). This debate continues and there are benefits and drawbacks to both methods. One potential solution will be the wider adoption of HTML5 on mobile devices which will give web applications many of the characteristics of dedicated applications while still allowing them to work on many devices without an installed application.
Microsoft has announced their mobile BI strategy. Microsoft plans to support browser-based applications such as Reporting Services and PerformancePoint on iOS in the first half of 2012 and touch-based applications on iOS and Android by the second half of 2012.
Despite popular perception that Microsoft only acknowledges its own existence, recent moves suggest the company is aware that it is not the only player in the technology ecosystem. Instead of attempting to squelch competition or suggesting new technology developments were ridiculous, the company has instead decided to make its technology accessible to a wider audience.
There are many mobile devices and platforms available today. The list is constantly growing and so is the platform support. There are hundreds of models available today, with multiple hardware and software combinations. The enterprise must select a device very carefully. The target devices will impact the mobile BI design itself because the design for a smartphone will be different than for a tablet. The screen size, processor, memory, etc. all vary. The mobile BI program must account for lack of device standardization from the providers by constantly testing devices for the mobile BI apps.
Some best practices can always be followed. For example, a smartphone is a good candidate for operational mobile BI. However, for analytics and what-if analysis, tablets are the best option. Hence, the selection or availability of the device plays a big role in the implementation.
Demand
Gartner analyst Ted Friedman believes that mobile delivery of BI is all about practical, tactical information needed to make immediate decisions – "The biggest value is in operational BI — information in the context of applications — not in pushing lots of data to somebody's phone."
Accessing the Internet through a mobile device such as a smartphone is also known as the mobile Internet or mobile Web. IDC expects the US mobile workforce to increase by 73% in 2011. Morgan Stanley reports the mobile Internet is ramping up faster than its predecessor, the desktop Internet, enabling companies to deliver knowledge to their mobile workforce to help them make more profitable decisions.
Michael Cooney from Gartner has identified bring-your-own-technology at work as becoming the norm, not the exception. By 2015 media tablet shipments will reach around 50% of laptop shipments and Windows 8 will likely be in third place behind Android and Apple. The net result is that Microsoft's share of the client platform, be it PC, tablet or smartphone, will likely be reduced to 60% and it could fall below 50%.
Business Benefits
In its latest Magic Quadrant for Business Intelligence Platforms, Gartner examines whether the platform enables users to "fully interact with BI content delivered to mobile devices." The phrase "fully interact" is the key. The ability to send alerts embedded in email or text messages, or links to static content in email messages hardly represents sophistication in mobile analytics.
For users to benefit from mobile BI, they must be able to navigate dashboard and guided analytics comfortably—or as comfortably as the mobile device will allow, which is where devices with high-resolution screens and touch interfaces (like the iPhone and Android-based phones) have a clear edge over, say, earlier editions of BlackBerry.
It is equally important to take a step back to define your purpose and adoption patterns. Which business users can benefit the most from mobile analytics—and what, exactly, is their requirement? You don't need mobile analytics to send a few alerts or summary reports to their handhelds—without interactivity, mobile BI is indistinguishable from merely informative email or text messages.
Applications
Similar to consumer applications, which have shown an ever-increasing growth over the past few years, a constant demand for anytime, anywhere access to BI is leading to a number of custom mobile application development. Businesses have also started adopting mobile solutions for their workforce and are soon becoming key components of core business processes. In an Aberdeen survey conducted in May 2010, 23% of companies participating indicated that they now have a mobile BI app or dashboard in place, while another 31% indicated that they plan to implement some form of mobile BI in the next year.
Definitions
Mobile BI applications can be defined/segregated as follows:
Mobile Browser Rendered App: Almost any mobile device enables Web-based, thin client, HTML-only BI applications. However, these apps are static and provide little data interactivity. Data is viewed just as it would be over a browser from a personal computer. Little additional effort is required to display data but mobile browsers can typically only support a small subset of the interactivity of a web browser.
Customized App: A step up from this approach is to render each (or all) reports and dashboards in device-specific format. In other words, provide information specific to the screen size, optimize usage of screen real estate, and enable device-specific navigation controls. Examples of these include thumb wheel or thumb button for BlackBerry, up/down/left/right arrows for Palm, gestural manipulation for iPhone. This approach requires more effort than the previous but no additional software.
Mobile Client App: The most advanced, the client app provides full interactivity with the BI content viewed on the device. In addition, this approach provides periodic caching of data which can be viewed and analyzed even offline.
Companies across all verticals, from retail to even non-profit organizations are realizing the value of purpose-specific mobile applications suited for their mobile workforce.
Development
Developing a native mobile BI app poses challenges, especially concerning data display rendering and user interactivity. Mobile BI App development has traditionally been a time-consuming and expensive effort requiring businesses to justify the investment for the mobile workforce. They do not only require texting and alerts, they need information customized for their line of work which they can interact with and analyze to gain deeper information.
Custom-coded Mobile BI Apps
Mobile BI applications are often custom-coded apps specific to the underlying mobile operating system. For example, the iPhone apps require coding in Objective-C while Android apps require coding in Java. In addition to the user functionality of the app, the app must be coded to work with the supporting server infrastructure required to serve data to the mobile BI app. While custom-coded apps offer near limitless options, the specialized software coding expertise and infrastructure can be expensive to develop, modify, and maintain.
Fixed-form Mobile BI Applications
Business data can be displayed in a mobile BI client (or web browser) that serves as a user interface to existing BI platforms or other data sources, eliminating the need for new master sources of data and specialized server infrastructure. This option offers fixed and configurable data visualizations such as charts, tables, trends, KPIs, and links, and can usually be deployed quickly using existing data sources. However, the data visualizations are not limitless and cannot always be extended to beyond what is available from the vendor.
Graphical Tool-developed Mobile BI Apps
Mobile BI apps can also be developed using the graphical, drag-and-drop development environments of BI platforms. The advantages including the following:
Apps can be developed without coding,
Apps can be easily modified and maintained using the BI platform change management tools,
Apps can use any range of data visualizations and not be limited to just a few,
Apps can incorporate specific business workflows, and
The BI platform provides the server infrastructure.
Using graphical BI development tools can allow faster mobile BI app development when a custom application is required.
Security Considerations for Mobile BI Apps
High adoption rates and reliance on mobile devices makes safe mobile computing a critical concern. The Mobile Business Intelligence Market Study discovered that security is the number one issue (63%) for organizations.
A comprehensive mobile security solution must provide security at these levels:
Device
Transmission
Authorization, Authentication, and Network security
Device Security
A senior analyst at the Burton Group research firm recommends that the best way to ensure data will not be tampered with is to not store it on the client device (mobile device). As such, there is no local copy to lose if the mobile device is stolen and the data can reside on servers within the data center with access permitted only over the network. Most smartphone manufacturers provide a complete set of security features including full-disk encryption, email encryption, as well as remote management which includes the ability to wipe contents if device is lost or stolen. Also, some devices have embedded third-party antivirus and firewall software such as RIM's BlackBerry.
Transmission Security
Transmission security refers to measures that are designed to protect data from unauthorized interception, traffic analysis, and imitative deception. These measures include Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), iSeries Access for Windows, and virtual private network (VPN) connections. A secure data transmission should enable the identity of the sender and receiver to be verified by using a cryptographic shared key system as well as protect the data to be modified by a third party when it crosses the network. This can be done using AES or Triple DES with an encrypted SSL tunnel.
Authorization, Authentication, and Network Security
Authorization refers to the act of specifying access rights to control access of information to users. Authentication refers to the act of establishing or confirming the user as true or authentic. Network security refers to all the provisions and policies adopted by the network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of the computer network and network-accessible resources. The mobility adds to unique security challenges. As data is trafficked beyond the enterprise firewall towards unknown territories, ensuring that it is handled safely is of paramount importance. Towards this, proper authentication of user connections, centralized access control (like LDAP Directory), encrypted data transfer mechanisms can be implemented.
Role of BI for Securing Mobile Apps
To ensure high security standards, BI software platforms must extend the authentication options and policy controls to the mobile platform. Business intelligence software platforms need to ensure a secure encrypted keychain for storage of credentials. Administrative control of password policies should allow creation of security profiles for each user and seamless integration with centralized security directories to reduce administration and maintenance of users.
See also
Business Intelligence
Real-time business intelligence
Media intelligence
Data Mining
Online analytical processing or OLAP
Predictive analytics
Dashboards (management information systems)
References
External links
Business intelligence
Financial data analysis
Business intelligence
Business intelligence |
The Airtight Garage ( or, in its earliest serialized form, ) is a lengthy comic strip work by the artist and writer Moebius (real name Jean Giraud). It first appeared in discrete two-to-four-page episodes, in issues 6 through 41 of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Métal Hurlant from 1976 to 1979, and later in the American version of the same magazine, Heavy Metal, starting in 1977. It was subsequently collected as a graphic novel in various editions.
Publication history
The book-length version appeared first in the original French and with the original black and white art, and only later in a US edition in English and in color. The US edition, published by Marvel Comics' Epic imprint in 1987 (as the third volume in a series devoted to the collected works of Moebius), used a new translation, by Jean-Marc Lofficier and Randy Lofficier, different from the Heavy Metal serialisation, and presented the work with the pages colored. This version, along with most of the other Epic volumes collecting Moebius's work, was later reprinted in a signed & numbered limited edition hardcover series from Graphitti Designs.
It was also published in the UK as a graphic novel by Titan Books in 1989, in advance of a Sony film adaptation that was never made.
It was also reprinted in 1992 in the smaller, standard comic-book format, as a four-issue limited series that included several new pages drawn especially for that edition.
In the twenty years since then, no English-language edition has been published. In France, however, as of 2012, the French version (Le Garage Hermétique) is available in both the original black-and-white "classique" edition and in a "Moebius U.S.A." format that combines the color art from the US editions with the original French text. Various deluxe editions featuring larger pages and/or a slipcase have also been offered, indicating the book's continued popularity and centrality in the Moebius canon.
Sequels and related works
The Airtight Garage was followed by L'Homme du Ciguri (The Man from the Ciguri) in 1995 and Le Chasseur Déprime in 2008. The latter has never appeared in English.
Some of the characters from these stories also show up in the 1974 comic Le Bandard Fou (The Horny Goof), which can be considered a prequel to The Airtight Garage.
The hero of The Airtight Garage, Major Grubert, was also the subject of some shorter comic-strip stories, poster images, and paintings over the course of his creator's long career, and eventually became the central character in an entire sketchbook-as-graphic-novel entitled Le Major, published in a limited edition facsimile in 2011. Major Grubert and his lady companion Malvina also appear throughout the six-volume Inside Moebius series (2000–2008).
Plot
Moebius has explained that the story was improvised in a deliberately whimsical or capricious manner. For this reason, the story is at times (deliberately) confusing. The "garage" itself is actually an asteroid in the constellation Leo which houses a pocket universe. Major Grubert orbits the asteroid in his spaceship Ciguri, from which he oversees the development of the worlds contained within. Several entities, including Jerry Cornelius, seek to invade the garage.
Critical responses
The Airtight Garage is "generally regarded as Moebius’ masterpiece" according to journalist and critic Chris Mautner, who ranked it first on a list of "essential Moebius works" shortly after the author's death in March 2012. In Mautner's view, "Garage pulsates with life, slowly unwinding its various plot strands, and delighting you in the various ways those strands connect, or fail to". Writer Sean Witzke has called it "the perfect comic" and "the only comic I have ever read that feels alive. It digresses against itself, doubles back, thinks, laughs, pauses, lurches, and eventually gracefully dances. This comic breathes". Matthias Wivel, writing in The Comics Journal in December 2009, wrote: "The Garage is a map of creation. It goes beyond world-building to explore the creative act itself. . . . By virtue of Moebius’ visual inventiveness and attention to detail, the Garage becomes a journey through [an] inner space . . . traveling at the speed of the reader's discovery". Wivel also noted that "the fantasy world of the Garage accommodated any idea [Moebius] could come up with and any representational style – from exquisite illustrative rendering to big-foot cartooning".
Critical opinion is divided, however, as to the virtues of the color version compared to the original black and white art. Wivel, for example, has referred to the 1987 American edition as "garishly colored" whereas Witzke feels "the colors can't be undersold . . . they are transformative to the work, and all you need to do is look at the sun setting over two pages, which is so good it's kind of an insult to call it stunning". Among Moebius admirers there seems to be no consensus on this matter, and some readers like both versions. Ian MacEwan, the creator of a popular Tumblr site dedicated to Moebius, has called himself "a huge fan of the coloring . . . I like it at least as much as the original b&w, purist in me be damned".
Trademark dispute
The Jerry Cornelius character was originally invented by Michael Moorcock who at one point gave permission for him to be used by any artist or writer who wished to. There was later some dispute over the character, and the right of use was revoked. When Marvel Comics reprinted the series, the name Jerry Cornelius was changed to "Lewis Carnelian".
In 2006, on his website, Moorcock himself wrote:
Legacy
The Airtight Garage was also the name of a bar and videogame parlor in the Metreon in San Francisco, featuring unique original games developed for the venue. The name and architectural styling was no coincidence, and Moebius souvenirs could be purchased there. The arcade was later renamed Portal One, and the original games were phased out in favour of more familiar ones (although the decor was still Moebius-inspired). It closed permanently on 13 May 2007. It reopened briefly under the name Tilt with the same decor, but otherwise as a traditional arcade. Tilt is now closed, and the entire second floor of the building has become a City Target concept store.
References
French comic strips
1976 comics debuts
1979 comics endings
Science fiction comics
Michael Moorcock's Multiverse
Epic Comics titles
Comics by Jean Giraud |
South Holme is a settlement and civil parish about 17 miles from York, in the Ryedale district, in the county of North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 the parish had a population of 31. The parish touches Barton-le-Street, Fryton, Hovingham, Nunnington and Slingsby. South Holme shares a parish council with Slingsby and Fryton.
Landmarks
South Holme has 3 listed buildings and 3 working farms.
History
The name "Holme" is Old Norse and means 'Island', South Holme may been the first place in the area to be properly cultivated, the "North" part to distinguish from North Holme. South Holme was recorded in the Domesday Book as Holm/Holme. South Holme was a township in the parish of Hovingham, it became a separate parish in 1866.
References
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Ryedale |
The Louisville Belles are a team of the Women's Spring Football League based in Louisville, Kentucky. Home games are played at the campuses of Seneca High School and Ballard High School.
During their first two seasons, the Belles were known as the Louisville Nightmare and played in the Independent Women's Football League.
Season-by-season
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Louisville Nightmare (IWFL)
|-
|2009 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 26th Tier II || --
|-
|2010 || 0 || 7 || 0 || 6th Tier II West Midwest || --
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Louisville Belles (WSFL)
|-
|2011 || -- || -- || -- || -- || --
|-
!Totals || 0 || 15 || 0
|colspan="2"|
Season schedules
2009
** = Forfeited
2010
** = Forfeited
External links
Women's Spring Football League official website
Women's Spring Football League teams
Sports clubs and teams in Louisville, Kentucky
American football teams in Kentucky
American football teams established in 2009
Women's sports in Kentucky
2009 establishments in Kentucky |
```javascript
'use strict';
var config = require('../custom_configFile.json');
module.exports = {
'serverport': config.gulpDevExpressPort,
'styles': {
'src': 'app/styles/**/*.scss',
'dest': 'build/css'
},
'cssstyles': {
'src': 'app/styles/**/*.css',
'dest': 'build/css'
},
'scripts': {
'src': 'app/js/**/*.js',
'dest': 'build/js'
},
'images': {
'src': 'app/images/**/*',
'dest': 'build/images'
},
'photoswipeicons': {
'src': 'app/styles/default-skin/*.*',
'dest': 'build/css/default-skin'
},
'fonts': {
'src': [
'node_modules/bootstrap-sass/assets/fonts/**/*',
'app/fonts/**/*'
],
'dest': 'build/fonts'
},
'views': {
'watch': [
'app/index.html',
'app/views/**/*.html'
],
'src': 'app/views/**/*.html',
'dest': 'app/js'
},
'gzip': {
'src': 'build/**/*.{html,xml,json,css,js,js.map}',
'dest': 'build/',
'options': {}
},
'dist': {
'root': 'build'
},
'browserify': {
'entries': ['./app/js/main.js'],
'bundleName': 'main.js',
'sourcemap': true
},
'test': {
'karma': 'test/karma.conf.js',
'protractor': 'test/protractor.conf.js'
},
'oauth_proxy': {
'index_file': 'oauth-proxy/index.js',
'scripts': {
'src': ['oauth-proxy/index.js', 'oauth-proxy/**/*.js']
}
},
'adminJS': {
'src': 'app/adminjs/**/*.js',
'dest': 'build/js'
}
};
``` |
```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# #
# #
# This file is part of PyGithub. #
# path_to_url #
# #
# PyGithub is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under #
# any later version. #
# #
# PyGithub is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY #
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS #
# details. #
# #
# along with PyGithub. If not, see <path_to_url #
# #
################################################################################
from __future__ import absolute_import
import six
import github.GithubObject
import github.Project
import github.ProjectCard
from . import Consts
class ProjectColumn(github.GithubObject.CompletableGithubObject):
"""
This class represents Project Columns. The reference can be found here path_to_url
"""
def __repr__(self):
return self.get__repr__({"name": self._name.value})
@property
def cards_url(self):
"""
:type: string
"""
return self._cards_url.value
@property
def created_at(self):
"""
:type: datetime.datetime
"""
return self._created_at.value
@property
def id(self):
"""
:type: integer
"""
return self._id.value
@property
def name(self):
"""
:type: string
"""
return self._name.value
@property
def node_id(self):
"""
:type: string
"""
return self._node_id.value
@property
def project_url(self):
"""
:type: string
"""
return self._project_url.value
@property
def updated_at(self):
"""
:type: datetime.datetime
"""
return self._updated_at.value
@property
def url(self):
"""
:type: string
"""
return self._url.value
def get_cards(self, archived_state=github.GithubObject.NotSet):
"""
:calls: `GET /projects/columns/:column_id/cards <path_to_url#list-project-cards>`_
:rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.ProjectCard.ProjectCard`
:param archived_state: string
"""
assert archived_state is github.GithubObject.NotSet or isinstance(
archived_state, (str, six.text_type)
), archived_state
url_parameters = dict()
if archived_state is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
url_parameters["archived_state"] = archived_state
return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
github.ProjectCard.ProjectCard,
self._requester,
self.url + "/cards",
url_parameters,
{"Accept": Consts.mediaTypeProjectsPreview},
)
def create_card(
self,
note=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
content_id=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
content_type=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
):
"""
:calls: `POST /projects/columns/:column_id/cards <path_to_url#create-a-project-card>`_
:param note: string
:param content_id: integer
:param content_type: string
"""
post_parameters = {}
if isinstance(note, (str, six.text_type)):
assert content_id is github.GithubObject.NotSet, content_id
assert content_type is github.GithubObject.NotSet, content_type
post_parameters = {"note": note}
else:
assert note is github.GithubObject.NotSet, note
assert isinstance(content_id, int), content_id
assert isinstance(content_type, (str, six.text_type)), content_type
post_parameters = {"content_id": content_id, "content_type": content_type}
import_header = {"Accept": Consts.mediaTypeProjectsPreview}
headers, data = self._requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
"POST", self.url + "/cards", headers=import_header, input=post_parameters
)
return github.ProjectCard.ProjectCard(
self._requester, headers, data, completed=True
)
def _initAttributes(self):
self._cards_url = github.GithubObject.NotSet
self._created_at = github.GithubObject.NotSet
self._id = github.GithubObject.NotSet
self._name = github.GithubObject.NotSet
self._node_id = github.GithubObject.NotSet
self._project_url = github.GithubObject.NotSet
self._updated_at = github.GithubObject.NotSet
self._url = github.GithubObject.NotSet
def _useAttributes(self, attributes):
if "cards_url" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._cards_url = self._makeStringAttribute(attributes["cards_url"])
if "created_at" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._created_at = self._makeDatetimeAttribute(attributes["created_at"])
if "id" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._id = self._makeIntAttribute(attributes["id"])
if "name" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._name = self._makeStringAttribute(attributes["name"])
if "node_id" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._node_id = self._makeStringAttribute(attributes["node_id"])
if "project_url" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._project_url = self._makeStringAttribute(attributes["project_url"])
if "updated_at" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._updated_at = self._makeDatetimeAttribute(attributes["updated_at"])
if "url" in attributes: # pragma no branch
self._url = self._makeStringAttribute(attributes["url"])
``` |
Kishan may refer to:
Kishan, Iran, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
Kishan Shrikanth, Indian actor
Keşan, a town and district in Turkey
See also
Krishna (disambiguation)
Kishangarh (disambiguation) |
The Kuznets curve () expresses a hypothesis advanced by economist Simon Kuznets in the 1950s and 1960s. According to this hypothesis, as an economy develops, market forces first increase and then decrease economic inequality.
The Kuznets curve appeared to be consistent with experience at the time it was proposed. However, since the 1960s, inequality has risen in the US and other developed countries, which invalidates the hypothesis.
Kuznets ratio and Kuznets curve
The Kuznets ratio is a measurement of the ratio of income going to the highest-earning households (usually defined by the upper 20%) to income going to the lowest-earning households, which is commonly measured by either the lowest 20% or lowest 40% of income. Comparing 20% to 20%, a completely even distribution is expressed as 1; 20% to 40% changes this value to 0.5.
Kuznets curve diagrams show an inverted U curve, although variables along the axes are often mixed and matched, with inequality or the Gini coefficient on the Y axis and economic development, time or per-capita incomes on the X axis.
Explanations
One explanation of such a progression suggests that early in development, investment opportunities for those who have money multiply, while an influx of cheap rural labor to the cities holds down wages. Whereas in mature economies, human capital accrual (an estimate of income that has been achieved but not yet consumed) takes the place of physical capital accrual as the main source of growth; and inequality slows growth by lowering education levels because poorer, disadvantaged people lack finance for their education in imperfect credit-markets.
The Kuznets curve implies that as a nation undergoes industrialization – and especially the mechanization of agriculture – the center of the nation's economy will shift to the cities. As internal migration by farmers looking for better-paying jobs in urban hubs causes a significant rural-urban inequality gap (the owners of firms would be profiting, while laborers from those industries would see their incomes rise at a much slower rate and agricultural workers would possibly see their incomes decrease), rural populations decrease as urban populations increase. Inequality is then expected to decrease when a certain level of average income is reached and the processes of industrialization – democratization and the rise of the welfare state – allow for the benefits from rapid growth, and increase the per-capita income. Kuznets believed that inequality would follow an inverted "U" shape as it rises and then falls again with the increase of income per-capita.
Kuznets had two similar explanations for this historical phenomenon:
workers migrated from agriculture to industry; and
rural workers moved to urban jobs.
In both explanations, inequality will decrease after 50% of the shift force switches over to the higher paying sector.
Evidence
Inequality has risen in most developed countries since the 1960s, so that graphs of inequality over time no longer display a Kuznets curve. Piketty has argued that the decline in inequality over the first half of the 20th century was a once-off effect due to the destruction of large concentrations of wealth by war and economic depression.
The Kuznets curve and development economics
Critics of the Kuznets curve theory argue that its U-shape comes not from progression in the development of individual countries, but rather from historical differences between countries. For instance, many of the middle income countries used in Kuznets' data set were in Latin America, a region with historically high levels of inequality. When controlling for this variable, the U-shape of the curve tends to disappear (e.g. Deininger and Squire, 1998). Regarding the empirical evidence, based on large panels of countries or time series approaches, Fields (2001) considers the Kuznets hypothesis refuted.
The East Asian miracle (EAM) has been used to criticize the validity of the Kuznets curve theory. The rapid economic growth of eight East Asian countries—Japan; the Four Asian Tigers South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong; Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia—between 1965 and 1990, was called the East Asian miracle. The EAM defies the Kuznets curve, which insists growth produces inequality, and that inequality is a necessity for overall growth. Manufacturing and export grew quickly and powerfully. Yet, contrary to Kuznets' historical examples, the EAM saw continual increases in life expectancy and decreasing rates of severe poverty. Scholars have sought to understand how the EAM saw the benefits of rapid economic growth distributed broadly among the population. Joseph Stiglitz explains this by the immediate re-investment of initial benefits into land reform (increasing rural productivity, income, and savings), universal education (providing greater equality and what Stiglitz calls an "intellectual infrastructure" for productivity), and industrial policies that distributed income more equally through high and increasing wages and limited the price increases of commodities. These factors increased the average citizen's ability to consume and invest within the economy, further contributing to economic growth. Stiglitz highlights that the high rates of growth provided the resources to promote equality, which acted as a positive-feedback loop to support the high rates of growth.
Cambridge University Lecturer Gabriel Palma recently found no evidence for a 'Kuznets curve' in inequality:
"[T]he statistical evidence for the 'upwards' side of the 'Inverted-U' between inequality and income per capita seems to have vanished, as many low and low-middle income countries now have a distribution of income similar to that of most middle-income countries (other than those of Latin America and Southern Africa). That is, half of Sub-Saharan Africa and many countries in Asian, including India, China and Vietnam, now have an income distribution similar to that found in North Africa, the Caribbean and the second-tier NICs. And this level is also similar to that of half of the first-tier NICs, the Mediterranean EU and the Anglophone OECD (excluding the US). As a result, about 80% of the world population now live in countries with a Gini around 40."
Palma goes on to note that, among middle-income countries, only those in Latin America and Southern Africa live in an inequality league of their own. Instead of a Kuznets curve, he breaks the population into deciles and examines the relationship between their respective incomes and income inequality. Palma then shows that there are two distributional trends taking place in inequality within a country:
"One is 'centrifugal', and takes place at the two tails of the distribution—leading to an increased diversity across countries in the shares appropriated by the top 10 percent and bottom forty percent. The other is 'centripetal', and takes place in the middle—leading to a remarkable uniformity across countries in the share of income going to the half of the population located between deciles 5 to 9."
Therefore, it is the share of the richest 10% of the population that affects the share of the poorest 40% of the population with the middle to upper-middle staying the same across all countries.
In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty denies the effectiveness of the Kuznets curve. He points out that in some rich countries, the level of income inequality in 21st century has exceeded that in the second decades of 20th century, proposing the explanation that when the rate of return on capital is greater than the rate of economic growth over the long term, the result is the concentration of wealth.
Kuznets's own caveats
In a biography about Simon Kuznets's scientific methods, economist Robert Fogel noted Kuznets's own reservations about the "fragility of the data" which underpinned the hypothesis. Fogel notes that most of Kuznets's paper was devoted to explicating the conflicting factors at play. Fogel emphasized Kuznets's opinion that "even if the data turned out to be valid, they pertained to an extremely limited period of time and to exceptional historical experiences." Fogel noted that despite these "repeated warnings", Kuznets's caveats were overlooked, and the Kuznets curve was "raised to the level of law" by other economists.
Inequality and trade liberalization
Dobson and Ramlogan's research looked to identify the relationship between inequality and trade liberalization. There have been mixed findings with this idea – some developing countries have experienced greater inequality, less inequality, or no difference at all, due to trade liberalization. Because of this, Dobson and Ramlogan suggest that perhaps trade openness can be related to inequality through a Kuznets curve framework. A trade liberalization-versus-inequality graph measures trade openness along the x-axis and inequality along the y-axis. Dobson and Ramlogan determine trade openness by the ratio of exports and imports (the total trade) and the average tariff rate; inequality is determined by gross primary school enrolment rates, the share of agriculture in total output, the rate of inflation, and cumulative privatization. By studying data from several Latin American countries that have implemented trade liberalization policies in the past 30 years, the Kuznets curve seems to apply to the relationship between trade liberalization and inequality (measured by the GINI coefficient). However, many of these nations saw a shift from low-skill labour production to natural resource intensive activities. This shift would not benefit low-skill workers as much. So although their evidence seems to support the Kuznets theory in relation to trade liberalization, Dobson and Ramlogan assert that policies for redistribution must be simultaneously implemented in order to mitigate the initial increase in inequality.
Environmental Kuznets curve
The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is a hypothesized relationship between environmental quality and economic development: various indicators of environmental degradation tend to get worse as modern economic growth occurs until average income reaches a certain point over the course of development. The EKC suggests, in sum, that "the solution to pollution is economic growth."
Although subject to continuing debate, there is considerable evidence to support the application of environmental Kuznets curve for various environmental health indicators, such as water, air pollution and ecological footprint which show the inverted U-shaped curve as per capita income and/or GDP rise. It has been argued that this trend occurs in the level of many of the environmental pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, lead, DDT, chlorofluorocarbons, sewage, and other chemicals previously released directly into the air or water. For example, between 1970 and 2006, the United States' inflation-adjusted GDP grew by 195%, the number of cars and trucks in the country more than doubled, and the total number of miles driven increased by 178%. However, during that same period certain regulatory changes and technological innovations led to decreases in annual emissions of carbon monoxide from 197 million tons to 89 million, nitrogen oxides emissions from 27 million tons to 19 million, sulfur dioxide emissions from 31 million tons to 15 million, particulate emissions by 80%, and lead emissions by more than 98%.
Deforestation may follow a Kuznets curve (cf. forest transition curve). Among countries with a per capita GDP of at least $4,600, net deforestation has ceased. Yet it has been argued that wealthier countries are able to maintain forests along with high consumption by 'exporting' deforestation, leading to continuing deforestation on a worldwide scale.
Criticisms
However, the EKC model is debatable when applied to other pollutants, some natural resource use, and biodiversity conservation. For example, energy, land and resource use (sometimes called the "ecological footprint") may not fall with rising income. While the ratio of energy per real GDP has fallen, total energy use is still rising in most developed countries as are total emission of many greenhouse gases. Additionally, the status of many key "ecosystem services" provided by ecosystems, such as freshwater provision (Perman, et al., 2003), soil fertility, and fisheries, have continued to decline in developed countries. Proponents of the EKC argue that this varied relationship does not necessarily invalidate the hypothesis, but instead that the applicability of the Kuznets curves to various environmental indicators may differ when considering different ecosystems, economics, regulatory schemes, and technologies.
At least one critic argues that the US is still struggling to attain the income level necessary to prioritize certain environmental pollutants such as carbon emissions, which have yet to follow the EKC. Yandle et al. argue that the EKC has not been found to apply to carbon because most pollutants create localized problems like lead and sulfur, so there are a greater urgency and response to cleaning up such pollutants. As a country develops, the marginal value of cleaning up such pollutants makes a large direct improvement to the quality of citizens' lives. Conversely, reducing carbon dioxide emissions does not have a dramatic impact at a local level, so the impetus to clean them up is only for the altruistic reason of improving the global environment. This becomes a tragedy of the commons where it is most efficient for everyone to pollute and for no one to clean up, and everyone is worse as a result (Hardin, 1968). Thus, even in a country like the US with a high level of income, carbon emissions are not decreasing in accordance with the EKC. However, there seems to be little consensus about whether EKC is formed with regard to CO2 emissions, as CO2 is a global pollutant that has yet to prove its validity within Kuznet's Curve. That said, Yandle et al. also concluded that "policies that stimulate growth (trade liberalization, economic restructuring, and price reform) should be good for the environment".
Other critics point out that researchers also disagree about the shape of the curve when longer-term time scales are evaluated. For example, Millimet and Stengos regard the traditional "inverse U" shape as actually being an "N" shape, indicating that pollution increases as a country develops, decreases once the threshold GDP is reached, and then begins increasing as national income continues to increase. While such findings are still being debated, it could prove to be important because it poses the concerning question of whether pollution actually begins to decline for good when an economic threshold is reached or whether the decrease is only in local pollutants and pollution is simply exported to poorer developing countries. Levinson concludes that the environmental Kuznets curve is insufficient to support a pollution policy regardless whether it is laissez-faire or interventionist, although the literature has been used this way by the press.
Arrow et al. argue pollution-income progression of agrarian communities (clean) to industrial economies (pollution intensive) to service economies (cleaner) would appear to be false if pollution increases again at the end due to higher levels of income and consumption of the population at large. A difficulty with this model is that it lacks predictive power because it is highly uncertain how the next phase of economic development will be characterized.
Suri and Chapman argue that the EKC is not applicable on the global scale, as a net pollution reduction may not actually be occurring globally. Wealthy nations have a trend of exporting the activities that create the most pollution, like manufacturing of clothing and furniture, to poorer nations that are still in the process of industrial development (Suri and Chapman, 1998). This could mean that as the world's poor nations develop, they will have nowhere to export their pollution. Thus, this progression of environmental clean-up occurring in conjunction with economic growth cannot be replicated indefinitely because there may be nowhere to export waste and pollution-intensive processes. However, Gene Grossman and Alan B. Krueger, the authors who initially made the correlation between economic growth, environmental clean-up, and the Kuznets curve, conclude that there is "no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth."
Stern warns "it is very easy to do bad econometrics", and says "the history of the EKC exemplifies what can go wrong". He finds that "little or no attention has been paid to the statistical properties of the data used such as serial dependence or stochastic trends in time series and few tests of model adequacy have been carried out or presented. However, one of the main purposes of doing econometrics is to test which apparent relationships ... are valid and which are spurious correlations". He states his unequivocal finding: "When we do take such statistics into account and use appropriate techniques we find that the EKC does not exist (Perman and Stern 2003). Instead, we get a more realistic view of the effect of economic growth and technological changes on environmental quality. It seems that most indicators of environmental degradation are monotonically rising in income though the 'income elasticity' is less than one and is not a simple function of income alone. Time-related effects reduce environmental impacts in countries at all levels of income. However, in rapidly growing middle income countries the scale effect, which increases pollution and other degradation, overwhelms the time effect. For example, Armenia, after gaining its independence from the Soviet Union, has become the country with the least income elasticity in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In wealthy countries, growth is slower, and pollution reduction efforts can overcome the scale effect. This is the origin of the apparent EKC effect".
Kuznets curves for steel and other metals
Steel production has been shown to follow a Kuznets-type curve in the national development cycles of a range of economies, including the United States, Japan, Republic of Korea and China. This discovery, and the first usage of the term "Kuznets Curve for Steel" and "Metal intensity Kuznets Curve" were by Huw McKay in a 2008 working paper (McKay 2008). This was subsequently developed in McKay (2012). A body of work on "Material Kuznets Curves" focused on non-ferrous metals has also emerged as academic and policy interest in resource intensity increased during the first two decades of the 21st century.
References
Bibliography
Brenner, Y.S., Hartmut Kaelble, and Mark Thomas (1991): Income Distribution in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
McKay, Huw (2008) ‘Metal intensity in comparative historical perspective: China, North Asia, the United States and the Kuznets curve’, Global Dynamic Systems Centre working papers, no. 6, September.
McKay, Huw (2012) ‘Metal intensity in comparative historical perspective: China, North Asia, the United States ’, chapter 2 in Ligang Song and Haimin Lu (eds) The Chinese Steel Industry’s Transformation: Structural Change, Performance and Demand on Resources, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham UK.
Economic inequality
Economics curves |
CanJet Flight 918 (CJA 918, C6 918) was a flight that was on 19 April 2009 to have taken off from Sangster International Airport (MBJ), Montego Bay, Jamaica, bound for Halifax Stanfield International Airport (YHZ), Halifax, Canada, but was instead seized before takeoff for hours by an armed, lone hijacker. This was likely the fourth hijacking on Jamaican soil, and the second time a Canadian airliner has been hijacked. The likely second hijacking from Jamaica occurred 21 March 1972 when a Jamaica Air Taxi charter Cessna owned by Rudy Mantel and piloted by Marsh Greene was hijacked from Montego Bay Sangster International Airport to Manzanillo Cuba by two U.S. citizens. The first hijacking may have been a BWIA 727 (BW 400) Sunjet on May 1, 1970. According to Mr. Wesley Chang, who was on the flight, instead of flying to Miami, the aircraft was forced to go to Havana, Cuba where the men held the 63 passengers, including the crew, hostage for approximately seven hours while demanding that the plane be refueled and flown to Algiers for a meeting with American Author Eldridge Cleaver, a Black Panther who was living there in exile. The likely third hijacking was a thwarted attempt on 3 January 1974, aboard an Air Jamaica flight at Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston.
Hijacking
The flight was operated by a nine year old Boeing 737-800 built in 2000, with the registration of C-FTCZ by the Canadian airline CanJet. Carrying 174 passengers and 8 crew, all Canadian, the plane was originally scheduled to leave MBJ at 11:00pm on 19 April 2009, due for arrival at YHZ at 7:15am the following day. However, at 10:30pm, local time, Flight 918 was boarded by a lone, armed hijacker20-year-old Stephen Fray of Montego Bay, calling himself "Rico"who gained access to the plane brandishing a firearm and demanded to be taken to Cuba so he could defect there. The passengers were soon released, with testimony from them revealing that a flight attendant had convinced Fray to allow the passengers egress in exchange for their money. The hijacker did, though, continue to hold five crew hostage while negotiations, which included Fray's father and the Prime Minister of Jamaica, Bruce Golding, continued.
Following the breakdown of negotiations, the police were ordered to take the aircraft, and, at approximately 6:40am the Jamaica Defence Force Counter Terrorism Operations Group members stormed Flight 918 and took the gunman into custody. Two special operations operatives entered through the cockpit window and replaced the copilot, while one of the operatives, impersonating the copilot, met with and overpowered the hijacker, who was reported to be "mentally challenged."
Reactions
At the time of the hijacking, the Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper, was in the midst of a visit to Jamaica, and, when informed of the event and release of some hostages, offered the use of his government aircraft to fly the passengers back to Canada.
Michel Juneau-Katsuya, a security analyst for CTV News and former Canadian Security Intelligence Service officer, expressed concern over airport security in Jamaica, given the visit by the Canadian Prime Minister at the time of the hijacking, which he opined should have placed security on high alert. The Jamaica Observer similarly reported on concerns raised in Jamaica over the privatised airport security's quality; the security was managed by a consortium, MBJ Airports Ltd., headed by the Canadian firm Vancouver Airport Services (25% stakeholder), with Abertis as a partner.
Aftermath
After CanJet sent an aircraft from its hub Montreal to retrieve passengers from Montego Bay and return them to Canada, Bruce Golding advised Governor-General Sir Patrick Allen to order an investigation into how a gunman was able to board an airliner in Jamaica. The Governor-in-Council further issued an apology to the passengers and crew of Flight 918 and offered a one-week vacation at a Sandals resort in Jamaica. Transport Minister Mike Henry also ordered a security review, which covered both MBJ and Norman Manley International Airport in the capital, Kingston.
The Airline Pilots Association (ALPA) commended the crew for their efforts in thwarting the skyjacking, and on 15 June 2009, the crew of Flight 918 was invited to meet with the Governor General of Canada, Michaëlle Jean, at Rideau Hall.
On 1 May 2009, Stephen Fray was officially charged with assault, robbery with aggravation, illegal possession of a firearm, illegal possession of ammunition, shooting with intent, and breaching the Civil Aviation Act in connection with the hijacking. Fray was convicted and sentenced to a total of 20 years in prison.
On 20 May 2011, an appeal of Fray's conviction and sentence was launched in Jamaica's Court of Appeal. Fray's lawyer claimed in court that when Fray committed the offence, he was "suffering from a mental illness as understood in Jamaican law, specifically the Mental Health Act," adding that spending time in jail "would not help Fray or the society at large".
References
External links
The Gleaner (Kingston), "Who is Stephen Fray?" (short bio of hijacker)
Jamaica Observer, "Hijacker Stephen Fray, A Well-Mannered, Sociable Man" (short bio of hijacker)
Jamaica Observer, "PM Orders Probe Into Airport Security Breaches"
CTV News, "Hijacking indicative of airport vulnerability"
Global News, "Timeline of ordeal on CanJet Flight 918"
The Gleaner (Kingston), "The MoBay hijacking ... the journey"
Toronto Star, "Anatomy of a foiled hijacking" (timeline of hijacking)
Aircraft hijackings
2009 crimes in Jamaica
Terrorist incidents in Jamaica
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Next Generation
Terrorist incidents in North America in 2009
Aviation in Jamaica
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009
Aviation accidents and incidents in Jamaica
April 2009 events in North America |
Syngonosaurus is an extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was an iguanodontian discovered in England and was first described in 1879. The type species, S. macrocercus, was described by British paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1879 and it was later synonymised with Acanthopholis, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.
History
In 1869 Harry Govier Seeley named several new species of Acanthopholis based on remains from the Cambridge Greensand: Acanthopholis macrocercus, based on specimens CAMSM B55570-55609; Acanthopholis platypus (CAMSM B55454-55461); and Acanthopholis stereocercus (CAMSM B55558 55569). Later, Seeley split the material of Acanthopholis stereocercus and based a new species of Anoplosaurus on part of it: Anoplosaurus major. He also described a new species, Acanthopholis eucercus, on the basis of six caudal vertebrae (CAMSM 55552-55557). In 1902 however Franz Nopcsa changed it into another species of Acanthopholis: Acanthopholis major. Nopcsa at the same time renamed Anoplosaurus curtonotus into Acanthopholis curtonotus. In 1879 Seeley named the genus Syngonosaurus based on part of the type material of A. macrocercus. In 1956 Friedrich von Huene renamed A. platypus into Macrurosaurus platypus.
In 1999 Xabier Pereda-Superbiola and Paul M. Barrett reviewed all Acanthopholis material. They concluded that all species were nomina dubia whose syntype specimens were composites of non-diagnostic ankylosaur and ornithopod remains; including Syngonosaurus. Syngonosaurus was seen as an ankylosaur in both a 2001 publication and a 2004 publication. Syngonosaurus was synonymised with Acanthopholis in 1999, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.
References
Ornithopods
Albian life
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Cretaceous England
Fossils of England
Fossil taxa described in 1879
Taxa named by Thomas Henry Huxley
Ornithischian genera |
Pesiöjärvi is a medium-sized lake in the Oulujoki main catchment area. It is located in Suomussalmi municipality, in the region Kainuu, Finland.
See also
List of lakes in Finland
References
Lakes of Suomussalmi |
The McLean Falls on the Tautuku River in Catlins Forest Park descend a number of steep drop offs and terraces, with the very top of the waterfall, where it meets its first waterpool being 22-metres. It then descends for many more metres over a series of terraces. The McLean Falls are often described as the most spectacular in the region. However, its sister waterfall Purakaunui Falls is more visited, due to it being more easily accessible.
The entrance to the McLean Falls River Walk is three kilometres from the Southern Scenic Route on Rewcastle Road. The track from the road to the falls passes through a variety of native forest and shrub types: Rimu, Kamahi, divaricating shrubland, huge tree fuchsia, stands of olearia and podocarp forest.
A footbridge then crosses the subsidiary, Duckaday Creek, named by the early settler, Doug McLean, who used to bathe in it from time to time. The walk follows an easy grade along the Tautuku River valley with views of the river and bush. The path, including boardwalks and footbridges, is maintained by the Department of Conservation and is regularly gravelled.
References
Waterfalls of New Zealand
The Catlins
Landforms of Otago
Clutha District |
Jeremy Marcus Illingworth (born 20 May 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Huddersfield Town. He began his career as a trainee with his home-town club, then, after trials at clubs including Cambridge United, went on to forge a lengthy career in non-league football with Wisbech Town, Ashton United, where he scored 29 goals from 103 games in all competitions, Altrincham (1 from 15), Stocksbridge Park Steels (17 from 91), Guiseley, Bradford Park Avenue and A.F.C. Emley.
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Huddersfield
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Wisbech Town F.C. players
Ashton United F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
Stocksbridge Park Steels F.C. players
Guiseley A.F.C. players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
Emley A.F.C. players
English Football League players
Men's association football midfielders |
Mandurang South is a locality in the City of Greater Bendigo in the Australian state of Victoria.
References
Bendigo
Towns in Victoria (state)
Suburbs of Bendigo |
Alice M. Moore Batchelder (born August 15, 1944) is an American attorney and jurist. She is currently a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. She served as chief judge from 2009 until 2014. She also was considered by President George W. Bush as a potential nominee for a United States Supreme Court seat that ultimately went to Justice Samuel Alito. Her husband William G. Batchelder was a former state Court of Appeals judge and a state legislator, who had served more than 30 years in the Ohio House of Representatives and served as Speaker of the House from 2011 until 2014.
Education and early career
Batchelder was born Alice Moore in Wilmington, Delaware. She graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1964, where she met her future husband, William G. Batchelder. Batchelder received her Juris Doctor degree from the University of Akron School of Law in 1971, and her Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1988. Batchelder briefly taught English and had a private legal practice from 1971 to 1983 in Medina, Ohio, near Cleveland.
Federal judicial service
Bankruptcy court service
In 1983, Batchelder was appointed a Judge of the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Ohio. Her service as a bankruptcy judge ended on April 4, 1985 when she was elevated to district judge.
District court service
On February 28, 1985, President Ronald Reagan nominated Batchelder to a seat, created by 98 Stat. 333, on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 3, 1985. She received her commission on April 4, 1985. Batchelder's service on the district court position was officially terminated on January 4, 1992, due to her elevation to the court of appeals.
Court of appeals service
On June 12, 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Batchelder to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit to the seat vacated by Pierce Lively. She was confirmed by the Senate on November 27, 1991. She received her commission on December 2, 1991. On August 14, 2009, she became Chief Judge of the Sixth Circuit. She stepped down as chief judge on August 15, 2014, upon turning 70. On September 19, 2017, she announced that she intended to assume senior status upon confirmation of a successor. She assumed senior status on March 7, 2019 when her successor, Eric E. Murphy, was confirmed by the United States Senate.
See also
George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates
References
External links
|-
|-
1944 births
20th-century American judges
Judges of the United States bankruptcy courts
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio
Living people
Ohio lawyers
Ohio Wesleyan University alumni
Lawyers from Wilmington, Delaware
United States court of appeals judges appointed by George H. W. Bush
United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
University of Akron alumni
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
20th-century American women judges |
The 181st Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 181st Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 181st OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Service
The 181st Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio, and mustered in for one year service on October 10, 1864, under the command of Colonel John O'Dowd.
The regiment was attached to District of Northern Alabama October 1864. 1st Brigade, Defenses Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, to January 1865. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio and Department of North Carolina, to July 1865.
The 181st Ohio Infantry mustered out of service July 29, 1865, at Salisbury, North Carolina.
Detailed service
Left Ohio for Huntsville, Ala., October 24. Duty at Huntsville and Decatur, Ala., until November 1864. Moved to Murfreesboro, Tenn., November 30. Siege of Murfreesboro December 5–12. Wilkinson's Pike, near Murfreesboro, December 7 and December 13–14. Duty at Murfreesboro until December 24. Moved to Columbia, Tenn., December 24. Movement to Washington, D.C., then to Fort Fisher, N.C., January 15 to February 9, 1865. Operations against Hoke February 11–14. Capture of Wilmington February 22. Campaign of the Carolinas March 1-April 26. Advance on Goldsboro March 6–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 21. Advance on Raleigh April 10–14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. Duty at Raleigh, Greensboro and Salisbury until July.
Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 33 men during service; 5 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 27 enlisted men due to disease.
Commanders
Colonel John O'Dowd
Colonel John E. Hudson
See also
List of Ohio Civil War units
Ohio in the Civil War
References
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
Ohio Roster Commission. Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War on the Rebellion, 1861–1865, Compiled Under the Direction of the Roster Commission (Akron, OH: Werner Co.), 1886–1895.
Reid, Whitelaw. Ohio in the War: Her Statesmen, Her Generals, and Soldiers (Cincinnati, OH: Moore, Wilstach, & Baldwin), 1868.
Attribution
External links
Ohio in the Civil War: 181st Ohio Volunteer Infantry by Larry Stevens
Regimental flag of the 181st Ohio Infantry
Military units and formations established in 1864
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
Units and formations of the Union Army from Ohio
1864 establishments in Ohio
1865 disestablishments in North Carolina |
Matthew Russell (born 1 October 1972) is an Australian former representative lightweight rower. He was a two time Australian national champion, and won a bronze medal at the 2000 World Rowing Championships.
Club and state rowing
Raised in Ballarat, Victoria Russell was educated at Ballarat Clarendon College where he took up rowing. His senior club rowing was from the Wendouree Ballarat Rowing Club where he was a committee man from 1992 to 1997. In the 2002 season he rowed from the Huon Rowing Club in Tasmania.
Rusell first rowed at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships in 1996 in a Victorian lightweight four which contested and won the Penrith Cup. He rowed in further lightweight fours for Victoria in 1997, 2000 and 2002.
In 1997 in an all-Ballarat crew he won the national lightweight coxless four title at the Australian Rowing Championships.
International representative rowing
Russell made his first Australian representative appearance in 1994 in a lightweight four which competed at the 1994 Nations Cup. That same year he was selected in an Australian lightweight four which contested an U23 Trans-Tasman series against New Zealand crews.
He made his Australian senior representative debut in 1999 in a lightweight pair at the World Rowing Cup II in Vienna.
. The next year he gained a seat in the Australian lightweight men's eight. They rowed to first place at the World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne and then at the 2000 World Rowing Championships in Zagreb, they took the bronze medal. In the heat they finished second behind the eventual gold medallists USA and won the repechage by half a length. In the final the Australians finished third behind a comfortable USA followed by the British crew who had won their heat easily.
By 2002 Russell had relocated to Tasmania to further his representative aspirations. He came back into Australian contention in a lightweight pair with Tasmanian Shane Broad. They competed at the World Rowing Cup III in Munich finishing fifth and then at the 2002 World Rowing Championships in Seville where they finished in overall ninth place. It was Russell's last Australian representative appearance.
References
1972 births
Living people
Australian male rowers
World Rowing Championships medalists for Australia
Sportspeople from Ballarat
Sportsmen from Victoria (state) |
Melknat Wudu (born 3 January 2005) is an Ethiopian track and field and cross-country runner.
Career
2021
Melknat claimed the silver for the women's 5000 m at the 2021 World Under-20 Championships in Nairobi. She also won the bronze medal in the 3000 m in the same competition.
2022
At the 2022 World Under-20 Championships in Cali, Colombia, she won silver in the 5000m for the second consecutive year. In 2022, she also finished fourth in the 5000m at the 2022 African Championships held in Saint Pierre, Mauritius. In October 2022, she won silver at the Northern Ireland International Cross Country 6 km race held in Dundoland, Belfast.
2023
In February 2023, she competed in the junior women's race at the World Cross Country Championships, and her Ethiopian team took gold in the team standings. She finished seventh in the 5000m at the Diamond League event in Stockholm. In July 2023, competing at the Diamond League event in London, she set a new 5000m personal best time of 14:39.36.
References
External links
2005 births
Living people
Ethiopian female athletes |
Whittlesea Football Club is a local Australian rules football club in Whittlesea, Victoria, on the outer suburbs of Melbourne playing in the Northern Football League.
From the club's inception until the 1970s, Whittlesea wore navy guernseys with gold band and trim. Now it wears dark blue with an eagle and wing on the front similar to the West Coast Eagles AFL side.
In 2019 the club entered a team into the AFL Masters League as an over 35s Superules team under the same club name and colours.
In 2020 the club entered the first Senior Women's team at Whittlesea after a successful decade of Junior Girls development which seen Chloe Molloy having a successful career which continues for Collingwood in the AFLW.
Timeline of different leagues
1904 – Whittlesea was a founding club of the Whittlesea DFA.
1906 – Whittlesea played in the Bourke-Evelyn FL
1933 – Whittlesea played in the Panton Hill & DFL
1934 – Whittlesea played in the Diamond Valley FL
1940 – Whittlesea played in the Panton Hill & DFL
1946 – Whittlesea played in the Diamond Valley FL
1947 – Whittlesea played in the Panton Hill FL
1987 – Whittlesea played in the Riddell DFL
Whittlesea changed name to Northern Eagles FC.
1992 – Whittlesea played in the Diamond Valley FL (now Northern Football League), and changed the name back to the Whittlesea Football Club
Premierships 17
1907 – Bourke-Evelyn FL
1923 – Bourke-Evelyn FL
1924 – Bourke-Evelyn FL
1925 – Bourke-Evelyn FL
1932 – Panton Hill & District Football Association
1954 – Panton Hill & District Football Association
1957 – Panton Hill & District Football Association
1958 – Panton Hill & District Football Association
1959 – Panton Hill & District Football Association
1960 – Panton Hill & District Football Association
1973 – Panton Hill FL
1974 – Panton Hill FL
1988 – Riddell DFL Division Two as Northern Eagles
2010 – Northern Football League Division Two - 2010 Northern Football League Division Two Grand Final played at Preston City Oval 11 September Whittlesea 9.17.71 defeated Lower Plenty 9.3.57
2013 – Northern Football League Division Two - 2013 Northern Football League Division Two Grand Final played at Preston City Oval 14 September Whittlesea 17.14.116 defeated Fitzroy Stars 14.13.97
2015 - Northern Football League Division Two - 2015 Northern Football League Division Two Grand Final played at Preston City Oval 12 September Whittlesea 14.13.97 defeated Lalor 14.10.94
2019 - Northern Football League Division Two - 2019 Northern Football League Division Two Grand Final played at Preston City Oval 14 September Whittlesea 10.14.74 defeated Banyule 6.11.47
References
Australian rules football clubs established in 1904
Northern Football League (Australia) clubs
1904 establishments in Australia
Sport in the City of Whittlesea
Australian rules football clubs in Melbourne |
Ernest Warburton (10 June 1937 in Irlam – 7 August 2001 in London) was a noted musicologist who specialized in the music of Johann Christian Bach. His efforts were published from 1984 to 1999 in the 48 volumes of The Collected Works of Johann Christian Bach.
Warburton was also an executive with BBC Radio, serving as Head of Music Programmes (1977–1982) and Editor of Music for BBC Radio 3 (1982–1986) before transferring to the BBC World Service. During this period, he revived many obscure operas, such as Wagner's Die Feen and Rienzi and Puccini's Le Villi.
As general editor of The Collected Works of Johann Christian Bach, Warburton not only edited a share of the music, but wrote out the scores printed in the edition in his own calligraphy.
After obtaining his BA at Oxford in 1959, Warburton was unable to stay there to complete his DPhil, due to lack of money. Ernest Warburton's lack of money led to him working as a music teacher at Queen Mary's Grammar School for Boys, Basingstoke, Hants, in 1960. Warburton continued working at Queen Mary's Grammar School until 1964, when he completed his DPhil . Despite Warburton being a teacher at an obscure provincial school, his behavior was described as humorous, entertaining, and compassionate, as said in one of his obituaries: “Although feared by some for his acerbic tongue - unleashed only on those who fell below the high standards he set himself and required from others - he was a companionable and humorous man, long-suffering and often highly entertaining.” Warburton was wont, for example, to severely admonish his school choir immediately before a concert, likening them to a “bunch of wet cod on a slab”. Warburton's greatest achievement at Queen Mary's Grammar School was the single-handed direction of Bach's St Matthew Passion at the town Parish Church. This production involved his own school choir, the choir of the Girls’ High School, and some professional soloists. To be known later as “the white tornado” on account of his striking platinum blond hair (he had albinism), the boys’ nickname for him at the school was simply “Omo” (after the contemporary washing powder which was “whiter than white”).
From 1964 to 1967 he was Director of Music at Bishop's Stortford College before moving to the BBC.
References
Sources
1937 births
2001 deaths
People from Irlam
20th-century British musicologists |
The northern madtom (Noturus stigmosus) is a freshwater fish.
Ranges and habitat
N. stigmosus can be found in the Ohio River valley stretching into distinct locations in Canada, where it is considered endangered. It is a fairly rare species with little data available because such small numbers are observed. The northern madtom prefers habitats with relatively swift currents along with sand, silt, or rocky substrates. The species begins spawning around 23 °C, which is sometime in early summer throughout its range. It is a cavity nester and builds its nests under large rocks and logs. Presently, not much is known about the ecology or life history of this species because it is found in such small numbers throughout its range.
The species can survive in waters with some turbidity, but not in waters with a high amount of sediment pollution. One of the leading management actions aiding in the successful reproduction of this species is keeping the waters void of sediment pollution and habitat alterations.
The northern madtom is also found along the Allegheny River system running from Canada through the Northeastern United States to Tennessee. However, over much of its range, the species is found in only a few streams/creeks in each state. In Canada, the species is confined to only four distinct locations: St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Thames River (Ontario), and Detroit River. The population status of these four locations has been classified as poor by Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
In Pennsylvania, the northern madtom is only found in one creek on the far western edge of the state. Because of this restricted distribution across most of its range, the species has been labeled as critically imperiled. In Tennessee, the species is more common and is classified as vulnerable, instead. However, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency places the northern madtom on the "Wildlife in Need of Management Proclamation" list. The sporadic distribution of the species across its range suggests that the northern madtom probably has very specific habitat requirements, so is vulnerable to habitat alterations.
Ecology
The diet of the northern madtom consists of small insects and invertebrates. However, because the species is found in such small numbers, no real evidence supports the specifics of their diet. Little is known as to the quality or quantity of what the northern madtom eats.
The northern madtom is found in different habitats throughout its range. In the northern extent of its distribution, the species is found more in larger rivers and even in a few lentic environments such as Lake St. Clair. However, in the lower most stretches of its range, such as in Tennessee, the species is generally more common in small creeks and streams with a somewhat moderate current. Across all regions, the species tends to prefer habitat with sand, gravel, or rock substrates. The species is somewhat tolerant of turbidity, but avoids areas of high siltation.
The northern madtom shares its habitat with several similar species ranging from the very similar mountain madtom to some invasive species, which create competition for both food and resources. However, not much is known about the specifics of the effect of this competition on the northern madtoms because they are found in such small numbers.
Life history
Both sexes of N. stigmosus come into reproductive condition in early summer. However, spawning does not take place until the water temperature reaches 23 °C. The species is thought to produce only one clutch per year with an average clutch size of 32 to 160 eggs. The wide range of clutch size can possibly be caused by females laying eggs in multiple nests. The northern madtom is a cavity-nesting species; they have been found in depressions under large rocks, logs, and inside crayfish burrows. Their nests have also been found inside anthropogenic debris such as bottles, cans, and boxes.
Males guard the eggs, and when the eggs hatch, the adult males continue to guard them for around one month. In Canada, the juveniles are found mainly in areas with a water temperature between 19.5 and 28 °C, a pH of 8.03 to 8.47, a dissolved oxygen content between 6.0 and 10.05, a depth between 0.06 and 0.90 meters, and a near bottom velocity between 0 and 0.55 meters per second. Although this sounds like very specific data, the many species fall into this data set, and little is known about the specifics of the northern madtom's life history.
Current management
Noturus stigmosus is listed as "vulnerable" on the federal level. However, throughout the majority of its distribution, especially in the northern region, many states have it classified as "critically imperiled". The reason for this is the sporadic distribution and small numbers associated with the species. These characteristics also show that the northern madtom probably has very specific habitat parameters is probably very sensitive to habitat alterations.
One of the main causes for the decline of the northern madtom is loss of suitable habitat. Several factors contribute to this, ranging from the changing of the landscape for anthropogenic purposes to the building of small dams in the creeks where the species occurs. Increases in the amount of stream siltation are also believed to have negative impacts on the species.
Because so little information is available regarding the habitat requirements and life history strategies of N. stigmosus, little to no management is occurring that specifically targets the species. The current management practices consist of attempting to conserve the species natural habitat through maintaining stream flow, avoiding bank erosion and soil deposition, and altering stream bank habitat. Individual counts are conducted via seining and trapping. However, because the species is so rare in the northern portion of its range, not much is learned from these collections.
References
Noturus
Freshwater fish of the United States
Fish of the Eastern United States
Fish described in 1969 |
Trepki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozie, within Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies east of Brodnica and north-east of Toruń.
References
Trepki |
Maxime Vandermeulen (born 11 April 1996) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Belgian Division 2 club Rebecq.
Career
Progressing through the Sporting Charleroi youth academy, Vandermeulen made his professional debut on 20 December 2014 as a starter in a 6–0 home victory in the Belgian Pro League against Lierse. Usually the third goalkeeper in the team, Vandermeulen claimed the starting spot after injuries to Nicolas Penneteau and Parfait Mandanda.
On 2 February 2015, Vandermeulen was sent on loan to Belgian Second Division club White Star Bruxelles for the second half of the 2014–15 season. He made his debut for the club on 7 February 2015 in a 1–1 draw against Racing Mechelen. The club signed him on a permanent deal 2015, but after White Star filed for bankruptcy in 2016 after winning the title, Vandermeulen moved to Couvin-Mariembourg competing in the Belgian Second Amateur Division.
In 2018, Vandermeulen signed with Francs Borains, also competing in the Belgian Second Amateur Division. During the 2019–20 season, Vandermeulen scored his first goal in a 3–0 win over Meux. His wind-assisted free kick from his own half at Stade Robert Urbain sealed the win. In November 2021, Vandermeulen suffered a hip injury, sidelining him for at least three months. Francs Borains brought in Adrien Saussez as his replacement.
On 14 June 2022, Vandermeulen joined Rebecq.
Honours
White Star Bruxelles
Belgian Second Division: 2015–16
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
People from Genappe
Belgian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
R. Charleroi S.C. players
RWS Bruxelles players
Francs Borains players
R.U.S. Rebecquoise players
Belgian Pro League players
Challenger Pro League players
Belgian Third Division players
Footballers from Walloon Brabant |
Ronnie Reniers (born 8 November 1987) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a winger for Dessel Sport. He formerly played for Willem II, FC Den Bosch, PEC Zwolle and FC Eindhoven.
Reniers is a forward who was born in Tilburg and made his debut in professional football, being part of the Willem II squad in the 2006–07 season.
References
External links
Voetbal International profile
1987 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Willem II (football club) players
FC Den Bosch players
PEC Zwolle players
FC Eindhoven players
K.F.C. Dessel Sport players
People from Oisterwijk
Footballers from Tilburg
Men's association football wingers
Footballers from North Brabant
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium |
More Europe ( or +Europa; +E or +Eu) is a liberal and pro-Europeanist political party in Italy, part of the centre-left coalition and member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party.
History
Foundation
More Europe was launched in November 2017, seeking to participate in the 2018 general election within the centre-left coalition centred on the Democratic Party (PD). The founding members were two liberal and distinctively pro-Europeanist parties: the Italian Radicals (RI), whose leading members included Emma Bonino (a former minister of International Commerce and Foreign Affairs), Riccardo Magi and Marco Cappato, and Forza Europa (FE), led by Benedetto Della Vedova, a former Radical elected in 2013 with Future and Freedom (FLI) and later transitated through Civic Choice (SC). The RI and FE were joined by individual members of the Civics and Innovators (CI) sub-group in the Chamber of Deputies, formed by former SC members (two CI deputies, Andrea Mazziotti and Stefano Dambruoso, were already involved with FE).
Angelo Bonelli, coordinator of the Federation of the Greens, had earlier proposed to the Radicals a joint list together with Progressive Camp (CP), a would-be party launched by Giuliano Pisapia, named "Ecology, Europe, Rights". However, Pisapia announced that he would not participate in the election and declared CP's experience over, while the Radicals organised +E and the Greens would form an alternative list named Together.
2018 general election
In early January 2018, Bonino and Della Vedova announced that +E would run as a stand-alone list, due to technical reasons associated with the new electoral laws. While the PD leadership was trying to find a solution to those problems, on 4 January, Bruno Tabacci, leader of the centrist, mostly Christian-democratic and also pro-Europeanist Democratic Centre (CD), announced that his party would join the coalition +E, in alliance with the PD, to overcome those issues. Later in January, +E was enlarged also to the Progressive Area (AP), a small left-wing party emerged from the dissolution of the aforementioned CP.
The list won 2.6% of the vote in the election, falling short of the 3% threshold, but had three elects in single-seat constituencies (Bonino to the Senate, Magi and Tabacci to the Chamber) and one among Italians abroad (Alessandro Fusacchia, a Radical, in the European constituency). After the election, +E was part of the opposition to Giuseppe Conte's first government, composed of a coalition of the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the League.
In the regional elections held on the same day of the general election, +E won one seat in Lombardy and one in Lazio.
Political party
In July 2018, +E started to organise itself as a full-fledged party. It was decided that a committee, presided by Gianfranco Spadaccia (a long-time Radical), would lead +E until the founding congress, scheduled for January 2019. The newly formed committee appointed Della Vedova as coordinator. In January 2019, at the congress, Della Vedova was elected secretary of +E with 55.7% of the vote, defeating Marco Cappato (30.2%) and Alessandro Fusacchia (14.1%).
In February 2019, the party was admitted into the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party.
In the run-up to the 2019 European Parliament election +E was joined by: Italia in Comune (IiC), a green and progressive party led by Federico Pizzarotti; the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), a minor social-democratic party, member of the Party of European Socialists (PES); the Italian Republican Party (PRI); the Italian section of the European Democratic Party (EDP/PDE), led by Francesco Rutelli; and, in the North-East, Team Köllensperger (TK), a liberal party from South Tyrol, observer member of the ALDE Party. The slates included, along with Bonino and Della Vedova: David Borrelli and Daniela Aiuto, two MEPs both originally elected with the M5S; Federica Sabbati, a former secretary-general of the ALDE Party; and art critic Philippe Daverio.
In the election, the party obtained 3.1% of the vote, falling short of the 4% threshold - thus, no MEPs.
Splits and new alliances
In August 2019, tensions grew within the coalition supporting the government, leading to the issuing of a motion of no-confidence by the League. During the following government crisis, the M5S and the PD agreed to form a new cabinet together, under outgoing Prime Minister Conte. In September, +E decided not to support the newly formed Conte II Cabinet, despite opposition by Tabacci, Magi and Fusacchia. The three voted in favour of the government in the Chamber, while Bonino voted against in the Senate. Consequently, Tabacci led CD, which had continued to be active as an associate party, out of the party. However, some leading members of CD, notably including Fabrizio Ferrandelli, chose to stay within +E. Della Vedova reassured that the party would continue activity also after CD's departure. In October, also Fusacchia announced he was leaving the party, which was left with only one deputy, Magi, who remained despited his early support of the government.
In the 2020 regional elections, +E won a seat in Campania, falling short in other places, notably in Veneto, Tuscany and Apulia.
In November 2020, Magi and Bonino formed joint sub-groups in the Mixed Groups of the Chamber and the Senate, respectively, with the deputies and senators affiliated with Action (A), a political party led by Carlo Calenda. The sub-group in the Chamber counted four deputies, the one in the Senate three senators.
In February 2021, Della Vedova was appointed undersecretary of Foreign Affairs in Mario Draghi's government.
In March 2021, Carlo Cottarelli, a former director of the International Monetary Fund, was chosen by +E, Action, the PRI, the Liberal Democratic Alliance for Italy (ALI) and The Liberals to head of a scientific committee designed to elaborate of a joint political program.
During a national assembly in March, treasurer Valerio Federico suffered a motion of no confidence and Bonino left the party in protest. The motion was supported by Magi, Igor Boni, Silvja Manzi, Piercamillo Falasca and Carmelo Palma, the first three leading members of Italian Radicals and the latter two formerly close associates of Della Vedova. Subsequently, Della Vedova resigned as secretary. As a result, a congress should have been held within three months. Subsequently, Palma replaced Federico as treasurer. In late May Michele Usuelli was appointed new treasurer and the congress was rescheduled for July.
During the party's second congress in July, Bonino returned into the party's fold, and Della Vedova, Magi and Maria Saeli were elected secretary, president and treasurer, respectively. Della Vedova received 77% of the vote by delegates and Magi 60%, while Saeli was unopposed.
In January 2022, the party formed a federation with Action.
2022 general election
In the run-up of the 2022 general election, +E broke up with Action, as the latter decided not to align with the centre-left coalition led by the PD, but to form a stand-alone list with Italia Viva (IV). Also, the Italian Radicals disaligned from +E and offered a generic support to the centre-left, without endorsing a specific list. Nevertheless, some of the most senior members the Italian Radicals, like Bonino, Magi, Manzi, Lorenzo Strik Lievers, Manuela Zambrano, Valerio Federico and several others, continued to be active in +E as well and are running as candidates for the party, which chose to add "Bonino" to its symbol. +E's electoral lists included also some newcomers and/or independents, such as Marco Bentivogli (a reformist trade unionist), Dorina Bianchi (a social-conservative), Gianfranco Librandi (L'Italia c'è and ex-IV), Enzo Peluso (ex-PRI) and Franz Ploner (Team K).
In the election, the party obtained 2.8% of the vote, falling short of the 3% threshold. Della Vedova and Magi were elected to the Chamber from single-seat constituencies, while Bonino was defeated in her Senate constituency. Following the election, the two +E elected deputies and Luca Pastorino of èViva formed a joint sub-group within the Mixed Group.
In December 2022, treasurer Saeli and Fabrizio Ferrandelli, both leading members in Sicily, switched to Action.
In February 2023, the party held its third congress. Della Vedova chose not to run again for secretary. Magi, a long-time Radical, was elected secretary and Pizzarotti, a former mayor of Parma for the M5S turned independent who had recently joined the party, was appointed president. Originally, Magi and Pizzarotti were rivals for secretary, but a deal was brokered by Bonino. By the way, Pizzarotti's list was the most voted by delegates and will have more representatives in the party's assembly.
Composition
Founding members
Current associate parties
Former associate parties
Election results
Italian Parliament
European Parliament
Regional Councils
Leadership
Federation
Coordinator: Benedetto Della Vedova (2018–2019)
Deputy Coordinator: Bruno Tabacci (2018–2019), Massimiliano Iervolino (2018–2019)
Administrator: Silvja Manzi (2018–2019)
President: Gianfranco Spadaccia (2018–2019)
Political party
Secretary: Benedetto Della Vedova (2019–2021, 2021–2023), Riccardo Magi (2023–present)
Deputy Secretary: Piercamillo Falasca (2019–2020), Costanza Hermanin (2019–2020), Piercamillo Falasca (2023–present)
Coordinator: Giordano Masini (2019–2021, 2021–2023), Nicolò Scibelli (2023–present)
President: Bruno Tabacci (2019), Simona Viola (2019–2021), Riccardo Magi (2021–2023), Federico Pizzarotti (2023–present)
President of the Assembly: Bruno Tabacci (2019), Simona Viola (2019–2021), Fabrizio Ferrandelli (2021–2022), Giulio Del Balzo (2023), Manuela Zambrano (2023–present)
Vice President of the Assembly: Alessandra Senatore (2019–2021), Nicoletta Parisi (2021–2023), Carla Taibi (2021–2023), Bruno Gambardella (2023–present), Cristina Bagnoli (2023–present)
Treasurer: Silvja Manzi (2019), Valerio Federico (2019–2021), Carmelo Palma (2021), Michele Usuelli (2021), Maria Saeli (2021–2022), Alfonso Maria Gallo (2022–2023), Carla Taibi (2023–present)
Symbols
References
External links
2017 establishments in Italy
Political parties established in 2017
Radical parties in Italy
Liberal parties in Italy
Centrist parties in Italy
Federalist parties in Italy
Pro-European political parties in Italy |
Alexander McNeill (1833 – 17 May 1915) was a 19th-century member of parliament from Southland, New Zealand.
He was the son of Anne Elizabeth McNeill née Carstairs, and Alexander McNeill (1791–1850), brother of Duncan McNeill, Lord Colonsay (1793–1874) and of Sir John McNeill (1795–1883). His own brother was Major General Sir John McNeill VC (1831–1904).
He and his brother John survived the wreck of the Orion in 1850, in which his parents and two sisters lost their lives.
As a member of the Royal Engineers, McNeill participated in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 for the entire conflict. He was wounded in the Siege of Delhi. At Calcutta, he married the daughter of Captain Henry Forrester Leighton; she was also the niece of Sir Archibald Wilson, the commander-in-chief at Delhi.
He retired from the Royal Engineers and came to New Zealand, where he and his brother, Sir Malcolm McNeill, bought Ardlussa Station in Southland. They named it after their family's estate of Ardlussa, on the island of Jura, Scotland.
He represented the Wallace electorate from to 1869, when he resigned.
From the mid-1880s, he lived in Wanganui, where he died on 17 May 1915. He was buried at Wanganui Cemetery.
References
1833 births
1915 deaths
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
People from Southland, New Zealand
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
19th-century New Zealand politicians |
Antheraea is a moth genus belonging to the family Saturniidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Several species of this genus have caterpillars which produce wild silk of commercial importance. Commonly called "tussar silk", the moths are named tussar moths after the fabric.
Taxonomy
Species
The genus includes these species:
Antheraea alleni Holloway, 1987
Antheraea alorensis U. Paukstadt & L.h. Paukstadt, 2005
Antheraea andamana Moore, 1877
Antheraea angustomarginata Brechlin & Meister, 2009
Antheraea assamensis Helfer, 1837
Antheraea billitonensis Moore, 1878
Antheraea broschi Naumann, 2001
Antheraea brunei Allen & Holloway, 1986
Antheraea castanea Jordan, 1910 (= A. mezops)
Antheraea celebensis Watson, 1915
Antheraea cernyi Brechlin, 2002
Antheraea cihangiri Naumann & Naessig, 1998
Antheraea cingalesa Moore, 1883
Antheraea compta Rothschild, 1899
Antheraea cordifolia Weymer, 1906
Antheraea crypta Chu & Wang, 1993
Antheraea diehli Lemaire, 1979
Antheraea exspectata Brechlin, 2000
Antheraea fickei Weymer, 1909
Antheraea formosana Sonan, 1937
Antheraea frithi Moore, 1859
Antheraea fusca Rothschild, 1903
Antheraea gephyra Niepelt, 1926
Antheraea godmani (Druce, 1892)
Antheraea gschwandneri Niepelt, 1918
Antheraea gulata Naessig & Treadaway, 1998
Antheraea hagedorni Naumann & Lourens, 2008
Antheraea halconensis U. Paukstadt & Brosch, 1996
Antheraea harndti Naumann, 1999
Antheraea helferi Moore, 1859
Antheraea hollowayi Naessig & Naumann, 1998
Antheraea imperator Watson, 1913
Antheraea jakli Naumann, 2008
Antheraea jana (Stoll, 1782)
Antheraea jawabaratensis Brechlin & Paukstadt, 2010
Antheraea kageri U. Paukstadt, L. Paukstadt & Suhardjono, 1997
Antheraea kalangensis Brechlin & Meister, 2009
Antheraea kelimutuensis U. Paukstadt, L. Paukstadt & Suhardjono, 1997
Antheraea knyvetti Hampson, 1893
?Antheraea korintjiana
Antheraea lampei Naessig & Holloway, 1989
Antheraea larissa (Westwood, 1847)
Antheraea larissoides Bouvier, 1928
Antheraea lorosae M.D. Lane, Naumann & D.A. Lane, 2004
Antheraea meisteri Brechlin, 2002
Antheraea mentawai Naessig, Lampe & Kager, 2002
Antheraea minahassae Niepelt, 1926
Antheraea montezuma (Salle, 1856)
Antheraea moultoni Watson, 1927
Antheraea myanmarensis U. Paukstadt, L. Paukstadt & Brosch, 1998
Antheraea mylittoides Bouvier, 1928
Antheraea pahangensis Brechlin & Paukstadt, 2010
Antheraea oculea (Neumoegen, 1883)
Antheraea paphia Linnaeus, 1758 (= A. mylitta)
Antheraea pasteuri Bouvier, 1928
Antheraea paukpelengensis Brechlin & Meister, 2009
Antheraea paukstadtorum Naumann, Holloway & Naessig, 1996
Antheraea pedunculata Bouvier, 1936
Antheraea pelengensis Brechlin, 2000
Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1855) – Chinese tussar moth
Antheraea perrottetii (Guérin-Méneville, 1843)
Antheraea platessa Rothschild, 1903
Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer, 1775) – Polyphemus moth
Antheraea pratti Bouvier, 1928
Antheraea prelarissa Bouvier, 1928
Antheraea raffrayi Bouvier, 1928
Antheraea ranakaensis U. Paukstadt, L. Paukstadt & Suhardjono, 1997
Antheraea rosemariae Holloway, Naessig & Naumann, 1995
Antheraea rosieri (Toxopeus, 1940)
Antheraea roylei Moore, 1859
Antheraea rubicunda Brechlin, 2009
Antheraea rumphii (Felder, 1861)
Antheraea schroederi U. Paukstadt, Brosch & L. Paukstadt, 1999
Antheraea semperi C. & R. Felder, 1861
Antheraea steinkeorum U. Paukstadt, L. Paukstadt & Brosch, 1999
Antheraea subcaeca Bouvier, 1928
Antheraea sumatrana Niepelt, 1926
Antheraea sumbawaensis Brechlin, 2000
Antheraea superba Inoue, 1964
Antheraea surakarta Moore, 1862
Antheraea taripaensis Naumann, Naessig & Holloway, 1996
Antheraea tenggarensis Brechlin, 2000
Antheraea ulrichbroschi U. & L. Paukstadt, 1999
Antheraea vietnamensis Brechlin & Paukstadt, 2010
Antheraea viridiscura Holloway, Naessig & Naumann, 1996
Antheraea yamamai (Guérin-Méneville, 1861) – Japanese oak silk moth
Hybrids
Antheraea × proylei (A. pernyi male × A. roylei female)
Antheraea polyphemus male × Antheraea paphia female (1960 - Gary Botting) (using pheromone transfer)
Antheraea polyphemus male × Antheraea yamamai female (1959 - Gary Botting) (using pheromone transfer)
Footnotes
References
Tuskes, PM, JP Tuttle and MM Collins. 1996. The Wild Silk Moths of North America. Cornell University Press.
"Studies on the filament of tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D (Andhra local ecorace)." G. Shamitha and A. Purushotham Rao. Current Science, Vol. 90, No. 12, 25 June 2006, pp. 1667–1671. PDF file downloadable from:
External links
"Raw & Organic Silk: Facts behind the Fibers"
"Walter Sweadner and the Wild Silk Moths of the Bitteroot Mountains. By Michael M. Collins.
Downloadable pdf file on Antheraea yamamai (in German)
"Antheraea Hübner, [1819] 1816"
Moth genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner
Wild silk |
"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" is a Christmas song released in 1971 as a single by John & Yoko/Plastic Ono Band with the Harlem Community Choir. It was the seventh single release by John Lennon outside his work with the Beatles. The song reached number four in the UK, where its release was delayed until November 1972, and has occasionally re-emerged on the UK Singles Chart, most notably after Lennon's murder in December 1980, when it peaked at number two.
Also a protest song against the Vietnam War, "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" has since become a Christmas standard, frequently recorded by other artists, appearing on compilation albums of seasonal music, and named in polls as a holiday favourite. In a UK-wide poll in December 2012, it was voted tenth on the ITV television special The Nation's Favourite Christmas Song.
Background
"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" was the culmination of more than two years of peace activism undertaken by John Lennon and Yoko Ono that began with the bed-ins they convened in March and May 1969, the first of which took place during their honeymoon. The song's direct antecedent was an international multimedia campaign launched by the couple in December 1969 – at the height of the counterculture movement and its protests against America's involvement in the Vietnam War – that primarily consisted of renting billboard space in 12 major cities around the world for the display of black-and-white posters that declared "WAR IS OVER! If You Want It – Happy Christmas from John & Yoko". Although a similar line had previously appeared in the 1968 anti-war songs "The War Is Over" by Phil Ochs and "The Unknown Soldier" by the Doors (which features the refrain "The war is over"), the use of "War is over" (minus the definite article) by Lennon and Ono may be coincidental; there is no evidence to confirm that they were acquainted with these earlier works, or if so whether they were influenced by them.
Recognising the accessibility and popular appeal that made his 1971 single "Imagine" more commercially successful than his other post-Beatles songs, Lennon concluded, "Now I understand what you have to do: Put your political message across with a little honey." He conceived "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" as a means of elaborating upon the themes of social unity and peaceful change enacted through personal accountability and empowerment that served as the basis of the earlier billboard campaign, trying to convey optimism while avoiding the sentimentality that he felt often characterised Christmas songs.
From 1963 to 1969, the Beatles had issued special recordings at Christmas directly to members of their fan club. After the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon was the first former member to release an original Christmas song. "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" would be followed by George Harrison's "Ding Dong, Ding Dong" (1974), Paul McCartney's "Wonderful Christmastime" (1979) and Ringo Starr's album I Wanna Be Santa Claus (1999).
Recording
In late October 1971, with not much more than bare-bones melody and half-formed lyrics, Lennon recorded an acoustic guitar demo of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" in his rooms at the St. Regis Hotel in New York City, where he and Ono were living. Ono would receive co-writing credit, but the actual extent of her contribution at this initial stage is unclear since she did not participate in the demo, which was atypical of their collaborations. Another demo of the song was made in late October after the couple had taken an apartment in Greenwich Village. Lennon brought in Phil Spector to help produce, as he had with his previous two albums, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, which had been released in the US several weeks earlier. The first recording session was held on the evening of Thursday, 28 October, at the Record Plant studio. After the session musicians – some of whom had performed at one time or another as members of the Plastic Ono Band – laid down the basic instrumental backing and overdub tracks, Lennon and Ono added the main vocals. One of the four guitarists present filled in for bassist Klaus Voormann, whose flight from Germany had been delayed. The following day, Ono and the session musicians, including Voormann, recorded the single's B-side, "Listen, the Snow Is Falling". The Harlem Community Choir – 30 children, most of them four to twelve years of age – came to the studio on the afternoon of 31 October to record backing vocals for the counter-melody and sing-along chorus. Photographs for the original sleeve cover were also taken during that session by Iain Macmillan.
Composition
The song begins with spoken Christmas greetings from Ono and Lennon to their children from previous marriages: Ono whispers, "Happy Christmas, Kyoko", then Lennon whispers, "Happy Christmas, Julian". Lyric sheets accompanying the compilation albums Shaved Fish (1975) and The John Lennon Collection (1982) erroneously transcribe this introduction as, "Happy Christmas, Yoko. Happy Christmas, John."
When Lennon first played his demo for Phil Spector, the producer remarked that the song's opening line, "So this is Christmas…", was rhythmically identical to the 1961 single "I Love How You Love Me" by the Paris Sisters, which Spector himself had produced. At the recording studio, Lennon instructed the guitarists to incorporate mandolin-style riffs similar to the ones heard in "Try Some, Buy Some", a single that Spector and George Harrison had produced in February 1971 for his wife, Ronnie Spector, formerly of the Ronettes. Spector also included percussion instruments of the sort he used on the 1963 album A Christmas Gift for You.
In addition to these reappropriated elements, the chords and melodic structure of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" are similar to the traditional English ballad "Skewball", but with a different rhythmic meter, subsequent modulations and a wholly new and different chorus countermelody. The verses of the song are closest in structure to the 1963 rendition (titled "Stewball") by Peter, Paul and Mary.
Release
Apple Records released "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" and "Listen, the Snow Is Falling" in America on 1 December 1971 (Apple 1842). Issued in 7" single format on transparent green vinyl with a card-stock picture sleeve, the pressing bore two label variations, one of which displayed a sequence of five images that showed Lennon's face transforming into Ono's. This sequence was originally featured on the reverse cover of the exhibition catalogue for Ono's career retrospective This Is Not Here, presented in October 1971 at the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse, New York.
A dispute between music publisher Northern Songs and Lennon over publishing rights delayed the release of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" in the UK until 24 November 1972 (Apple R 5870). The initial British run was issued in 7" single format on opaque green vinyl with the picture sleeve and variant label, but it sold out quickly and had to be repressed on standard black vinyl.
The song's first album appearance was on Shaved Fish, the only compilation of Lennon's solo recordings released during his lifetime. "Happy Xmas" was coupled there with part of a live version of "Give Peace a Chance", performed as the finale of Lennon and Ono's One to One benefit concert on 30 August 1972. Designed by Roy Kohara, the album cover is composed of illustrations by Michael Bryan representing each song on the album; for "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)", the image shows an aeroplane dropping a Christmas ornament instead of a bomb.
Over the years, "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" has been reissued in a number of single formats by Capitol, Geffen and Parlophone, sometimes in conjunction with the release of albums collecting Lennon's work. It has also appeared on compilations of Christmas songs, notably those from the Now That's What I Call Music! series.
A rough mix produced during the first recording session on 28 October 1971 was released in 1998 on the John Lennon Anthology.
Music videos
A music video for "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" appeared on The John Lennon Video Collection, released on VHS in 1992, corresponding to the 1989 reissue of The John Lennon Collection. It consisted of images from Lennon and Ono's 1969 "War is Over!" billboard campaign and candid photographs of the couple and their son Sean from the late 1970s, interspersed with a boys' choral ensemble singing along with the original Harlem Community Choir vocals.
In 2003, a new video was created for the remastered 5.1 version of the song for the DVD Lennon Legend: The Very Best of John Lennon. This version is composed of documentary footage, mostly depicting children, from the Vietnam War, in addition to recent scenes from various conflicts in the Horn of Africa, the Bosnian War, the 11 September 2001 attack in New York City, and the US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This version has over 21 million views on YouTube.
Reception
On its US single debut in 1971, "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" did not meet with much success. This was due to the single's late release, which resulted in limited airplay before Christmas, and a lack of promotion. The single peaked at number 36 on the Cash Box Top 100 Singles and number 28 on the Record World Singles Chart, and number 3 on the Billboard Christmas Singles chart. The single subsequently re-appeared on the Billboard Christmas charts in 1972, 1983, 1984, and 1985. The song appeared at number 32 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary chart for the week ending 6 January 1996.
"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" enjoyed immediate success in Britain when issued there in November 1972. The song peaked at number 4 on the UK Singles Chart and number 10 on the listings compiled by Melody Maker. Since then, it has re-entered the UK Singles Chart nine more times. The most notable of these instances occurred immediately following Lennon's death on 8 December 1980. The single peaked at number 2 – behind another reissued Lennon single, "Imagine" – and remained on the chart for nine weeks.
Between December 1972 and February 1973, the song entered the top ten in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Singapore.
Ultimate Classic Rock critic Nick DeRiso rated it as Lennon's 5th greatest solo political song, noting that "Lennon took the opportunity to encourage Yuletide revelers toward a broader sense of pacifism."
Other versions
In 1985, Australian group the Incredible Penguins released a version of the song, which peaked at number 10 on the Australian singles chart in December 1985.
In later decades, "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" has gained a higher profile in the cultural mainstream due to an increasing proliferation of recordings by other musical artists, most having been recorded during the last twenty years. Among these, two have entered the Billboard charts, both of them in the same year. The first was released on 17 October 2006 by Canadian singer-songwriter Sarah McLachlan along with her album Wintersong, which was the best-selling Christmas album of the year and a Grammy nominee. It features backing vocals from the Children's and Youth Choirs of the Music Outreach Program at the Sarah McLachlan School of Music in Vancouver, British Columbia. Entering the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart at number 22 on the week ending 9 December 2006, it climbed to a peak position of number 5, four weeks later. The second was released on 12 December 2006 by American rock band The Fray as a digital download. It debuted at number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 41 on the Pop 100 in the week ending 31 December 2006, but stayed on the respective charts for only one more week.
Some of the earliest of the other versions of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" appear on holiday albums released by major pop singers, such as I Still Believe in Santa Claus (1990) by Andy Williams, The Christmas Album (1992) by Neil Diamond, and A Very Special Season (1994) by Diana Ross.
Other notable recordings of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" include a 1991 version on the album Standards by The Alarm, a 1994 in-concert performance by Melissa Etheridge, a 1995 Brazilian version by Simone, the 2002 version by South African band Toxic Shame, the 2002 Maybe This Christmas version from Sense Field. American pop rock band Maroon 5 released a cover in 2005, in support of Amnesty International's Make Some Noise campaign. Australian singer Delta Goodrem recorded this song as a b-side on her 5th single Predictable. A 2009 version by mash-up band Beatallica on the album Winter Plunderband. On 13 December 2012, Sean Lennon performed the song with gospel singer Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy of the band Wilco, and the Harlem Gospel Choir on the Comedy Central program The Colbert Report. This version was made available for purchase on the music download site iTunes, and proceeds were donated to Hurricane Sandy disaster relief. During John Lennon 75th Birthday Concert Sheryl Crow, Aloe Blacc, and Peter Frampton performed the song with a children's chorus from The Stuttering Association for the Youth.
On 14 December 2018, Miley Cyrus and Mark Ronson recorded a version of the song featuring Lennon's son, Sean Ono Lennon. The three of them performed their cover on 15 December 2018 episode of Saturday Night Live, where Ronson and Cyrus were booked as the episode's musical guests. In November 2019 John Legend released a new version of the song, including string arrangements by Matt Jones which featured an improvised solo by violinist Scott Tixier. It reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart.The song was also covered in late 2019 by two VTubers Hime Tanaka and Hina Suzuki.
A French version was recorded by René Simard and his little sister Nathalie entitled "Noël Des Enfants" from René's album 18 ans déjà.
Personnel
John Lennon – vocals, guitar, producer
Yoko Ono – vocals, producer
The Harlem Community Choir – backing vocals, Children's Choir
May Pang – backing vocals
Nicky Hopkins – piano, chimes, glockenspiel
Teddy Irwin – guitar
Jim Keltner – drums, sleigh bells
Hugh McCracken – guitar
Chris Osbourne – guitar
Stuart Scharf – guitar
Roy Cicala – recording engineer
Phil Spector – producer
Chart performance
Original version
Celine Dion version
Maroon 5 version
Miley Cyrus and Mark Ronson feat. Sean Ono Lennon version
John Legend version
Certifications
John Lennon version
John Legend version
See also
List of anti-war songs
"The War Is Over", 1968 Phil Ochs song
Notes
References
Sources
External links
1971 singles
1972 singles
1971 songs
Anti-war songs
Apple Records singles
British Christmas songs
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
John Lennon songs
Plastic Ono Band songs
Songs of the Vietnam War
Song recordings produced by John Lennon
Song recordings produced by Yoko Ono
Song recordings produced by Phil Spector
Songs written by John Lennon |
The China Badminton Super League (CBSL) () is the prime National team competition for badminton players in China. The China Badminton Super League was re-launched in 2009 after a failing attempt seven years earlier.
Liu Fengyan, director of the Table Tennis and Badminton Administration Center under China's State General Administration of Sport, announced the re-launch during the 50th anniversary meeting of the Chinese Badminton Association.
The China Badminton Super League (CBSL) has welcomed huge sponsorship deals hereby attracting top players from China and abroad to the participating teams.
Format
The China Badminton Super League is a mixed team event, like the Sudirman Cup. After the inaugural first season the league was divided into two round-robin stages and then a final elimination stage. The clubs will be placed according to points accumulated by the end of this stage. After the inaugural season eight clubs were selected. Later from 2012 twelve clubs participated divided into two round-robin groups of each six clubs and from 2015 on the competition was back to eight teams.
In the round-robins, each of the participating clubs will be playing against every other club twice, once on their home courts, and the other on their opponent's.
Next, in the elimination stage, the first four ranking teams in the round-robins will be placed in a group, equaling to the semifinal. At first the bottom four were also placed in another group, fighting for a better placing from among fifth to eighth spot. Like in the round-robins, at first the semifinalists had to play twice, once in each club's home courts. An extra round would be played if the teams end up with a tie. But from 2015 on a single semi-final tie was played. Also once a team had already won the first three matches in a tie, each game in the following matches would only be played to 11 points instead of 21. Later this was also eliminated when a tie was decided in the final stages no further match was played.
From the 2013 season the CBSL competition rules were significantly changed. First, the 21-point games was scrapped in favor of a greatly scaled down 11-point system in order to reduce the duration of each competition to meet the requirement of live telecasts. By this means, the CBSL organization committee was able to convince sports channel CCTV to broadcast some focus competitions both in the group and knock-out stages. With live telecasts, commercial prospects for the CBSL seem much brighter and this may have attracted more and more financial supports from business enterprises. The scoring change had also created more uncertainty and suspense for each match.
Second, they introduced mixed three-on-three into the team competition. 3-on-3 was originally used as a training drill inside national team to enhance the reaction speed of doubles players. With three players on each side, the speed and pace of the match is very quick and exciting. From 2013 till 2015 each competition included 5 matches: men's singles, women's singles, and mixed 3-on-3 match which were fixed, while another two matches alternated among men's doubles, mixed doubles and women's doubles.
A third alteration was the addition of one amateur men's doubles match before the start of each competition. In an attempt to increase public involvement and interaction with the CBSL, the players were selected from local amateur events. As members of the clubs they were rewarded with some training courses. By playing in the CBSL events, the players could earn points of CBA amateur ranking system or even prizes if their performances were good enough.
From 2015 on the above-mentioned changes were turned around again by the organizers of the CBSL to the normal Sudirman Cup format and the normal 21 point scoring system.
2009 season
2009 was the inaugural season for the China Badminton Super League.
Only in this first season a total of 14 teams participated in the preliminary qualification stage. Ultimately only 8 of these teams then took part in the main stage of the CBSL.
The 14 teams originally taking part in the preliminary rounds in the first 2009 season were:
Beijing Shichalai
Shanghai 1 Trillion Wade
Jiangsu Yonex
Zhejiang Tong
Fujian
Hubei SOTA
Hunan Kawasaki
Guangdong Li-Ning
Guangxi
Sichuan Chuanwei
Qingdao Beer
Xiamen Wei Shi
Guangzhou Southern
81 Chivas (PLA - Chinese People's Liberation Army)
The top teams of each of the four groups entered the semifinals. The four teams that went to the semifinals were 81 Chivas, Jiangsu Yonex, Hubei and home-team Guangzhou where the ties took place. In the first semi-final, Jiangsu beat Hubei 3-0. In the second semi-final 81 Chivas beat Guangzhou 3-0. In the final the strong and powerful Jiangsu Yonex team beat 81 Chivas with 3-0. The 2009 CBSL championship team of Jiangsu Yonex included top players like Wang Shixian, Tao Jiaming, Sun Xiaoli, Cheng Shu, Tang Jinhua, Li Yu, Zhi Luoliang, Cai Yun, Xu Chen and Lu Lan.
Based on the results of the inaugural first year's CBSL competition, 8 clubs were selected to play in the next 2010 China Badminton Club Super League in a new home and away system.
2010 season
The 2010 season started with a round-robin system for the 8 participating teams.
There were a few unique rules in the China Badminton Super League from 2010:
1. Teams placed fourth and fifth at the end of the round-robins had to fight in a PK round where the winner proceeded as the fourth team, joining the semifinal match, while the loser fell to the fifth-to-eighth placing group.
2. The first-placing team in the round-robins will pick a semi-final opponent from either the third or fourth placing team. While the winners proceed into the finals, the defeated team with a higher placing in the round-robins will be placed third, and the lower one placed fourth. Aside from that, the seventh-placing team in the round-robins will also pick an opponent from the teams placed fifth and sixth. The four teams in this group will only play one elimination match each. The two winning teams will be placed fifth and sixth according to their placing in the round-robins, and the defeated teams placed seventh and eighth under the same rule.
3. The team placed eighth at the end of the league will play a match against the champion of the National A-Grade One League, where the winner earns a chance to play in the coming China Super League with the loser dropping-out.
The composition of the players from each team in the 2010 China Badminton Super League are shown below;
Guangzhou:
Doubles: Guo Zhendong, Hong Wei, Gan Zhaolong, Zhang Jinkang, Zhang Jiewen, Zhong Qianxin
Singles: Wang Zhengming, Liu Xin
Hubei:
Doubles: Yu Yang, Wang Xiaoli, Rao Yuqiang, Ding Yang, Li Rui, Zhao Yunlei, Li Junyang
Singles: Li Wen, Wen Kai, Chen Yuekun
Hunan:
Doubles: Zheng Bo, Tian Qing, Xia Huan, Chai Biao, Zhang Wen, Liu Peixuan, Bao Yixin
Singles: Shi Xiaoqian, Bao Chunlai, Chen Xiaojia
Jiangsu:
Doubles: Tang Jinhua, Cheng Shu, Cai Yun, Xu Chen, Tao Jiaming, Sun Xiaoli
Singles: Lu Lan, Wang Shixian, Chen Jin, Li Yu, Qiu Yanbo
Bayi BC - PLA (Chinese People's Liberation Army):
Doubles: He Hanbin, Feng Chen, Pan Pan, Li Xuerui, He Hangqing, Li Gen
Singles: Lin Dan, Jiang Yanjiao
Zhejiang:
Doubles: Sang Yan, Zhang Nan, Zhang Yawen, Zhou Hui
Singles: Wang Lin, Du Pengyu, Huang Yuxiang
Qingdao:
Doubles: Qiu Zihan, Ma Jin, Du Jing, Fu Haifeng, Shen Ye, Luo Yu
Singles: Zhou Wenlong, Wang Xin, Liu Jingru
Shanghai:
Doubles: Chen Zhiben, Xie Jing, Liu Yingchun, Yu Hao, Yu Junjie, Shi Hong, Hu Minyu
Singles: Chen Long, Wang Yihan, Zhu Lin, Lu Qicheng
After almost two months of playing, the year's 2010 Chinese Badminton Super League came to an end. The year's two finalists were Qingdao and Hunan. Qingdao was expected to be in the final as they finished in the top 3 after the second round robin stage. In the semifinals against Jiangsu, they were defeated 3:2 whereas Qingdao won by a bigger margin at home, 3:0. As each club won once, they had to play a rubber tie and Qingdao defeated Jiangsu 3:0 to advance to the final.
In the other semi-final, Hunan, the dark horse, defeated Bayi BC, the 81st post of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (the strongest club led by Lin Dan and Jiang Yanjiao). Chinese People's Liberation Army was ranked first after the second round robin stage. In the semifinals, Hunan lost to Chinese People's Liberation Army 1:3 at home whilst Chinese People's Liberation Army lost to Hunan 2:3 at home. As each club won once, they also had to play a tie. At last, Hunan defeated Chinese People's Liberation Army 3:1 with the absence of Lin Dan in the tie. Qingdao beat Hunan 3:2 in the first leg of the final. After also winning the second leg of the final of the China Badminton Super League with a convincing 3:1 win from Qingdao over Hunan, the 2010 championship title was sealed. Shanghai ended up as the weakest team during the 2010 league as they never won a tie. They lost 18 out of 18 matches they had played. According to league regulations, Shanghai had to compete with the champion of the Badminton League One to decide whether they still could stay and play in next year's Chinese Badminton Super League.
Final Team ranking 2010 CBSL:
1st – Qingdao – GOLD,
2nd – Hunan – SILVER,
3rd – Jiangsu, & (Bayi BC) PLA - Chinese People's Liberation Army – (both teams) BRONZE,
5th – Zhejiang,
6th – Guangzhou,
7th – Hubei,
8th – Shanghai – had to play for relegation
2011 season
The 2011 CBSL season started with the round-robin system for the 8 participating teams. The composition of the players from each team in the 2011 China Badminton Super League are shown below:
Shanghai Zi Wei Ke Badminton Club
Male players: Chen Long, Lu Qicheng, Gu Chao, Yu Junjie, Yu Hao, Shi Hong
Female players: Zhu Lin, Wang Yihan, Xie Jing, Liu Yingchun, Hu Minyu, Kang Yiling
JiangSu Yonex Badminton Club
Male players: Chen Jin, Sun Junjie, Tao Jiaming, Li Yu, Qiu Yanbo, Guo Cheng
Female players: Wang Shixian, Sun Xiaoli, Tang Jinhua, Dong Yourong, Xong Mengjing, Shao Jiahui
ZheJiang Yin Jiang Badminton Club
Male players: Du Pengyu, Sang Yang, Ding Yang, Guo Zi Yu, Huang Yuxiang, Wang Sijie
Female players: Zhang Yawen, Wang Lin, Zhou Hui, Huang Yaqiong, Du Peng
Wuhan Autocity Badminton Club
Male players: Li Rui, Wen Kai, Rao Yuqiang, Ding Yang, Chen Yuekun, Li Junyang
Female players: Yu Yang, Wang Xiaoli, Zhao Yunlei, Li Wen, Chen Xi, Fang Aixian
Hunan Xiangcai Securities Badminton Club
Male players: Bao Chunlai, Zheng Bo, Chai Biao, Zhang Shen, Zhang Wen, Dong Shuai
Female players: Tian Qing, Shi Xiao Qian, Xia Huan, Bao Yixin, Chen Xiaojia, Xie Siyu
QingDao Beer Badminton Club
Male players: Fu Haifeng, Shen Ye, Qiu Zihan, Zhou Wenlong
Female players: Wang Xin, Liu Jie, Wang Siyun, Ma Jin, Luo Ying, Luo Yu
Guangzhou Yueyu Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Zhengming, Gan Zhaolong, Yang Jie, Tang Junxian, Lee Chong Wei, Taufik Hidayat
Female players: Deng Xuan, Zhong Qianxin, Ou Dongni, Mei Qili, Xiao Ting
Bayi Dongling Refinery Badminton Club
Male players: Lin Dan, He Hanbin, He Hanqing, Li Gen
Female players: Li Xuerui, Xiong Shuai, Luo Cheng, Jiang Yanjiao, Pan Pan, Feng Chen
The China League's defending champion, Qingdao Beer took on the previous year's runner-up Hunan Xiangcai Securities in the 2011 final battle. According to the league's regulations, a team is declared champion if placed top of the list twice at the end of both cycles. If a different team grabs the first place in the second cycle, the team with a higher ranking within top four in the other cycle wins.
With a #1 finish in the first cycle, the Qingdao versus Hunan match was the utmost deciding match for the former team, who were still fighting for the last ticket into the top four of the second cycle, hoping to grab the final victory of the league. If first cycle's runner-up Hunan had won, it would have been a taste of victory for them instead, while Qingdao would have fallen off to the 7th place in the cycle, ending the season only as the second runner-up.
Hunan, on the other hand, who ended up second in both cycles, became the league's runner-up again as they did last year. While Bayi, the club under the lead of Lin Dan shared the same luck, ending up as the second runner-up yet again.
Final results:
1st (Winner): QINGDAO Beer - GOLD,
2nd (Runner-up): HUNAN Xiangcai Securities - SILVER,
3rd (2nd Runner-up): BAYI Dongling Refineries - BRONZE,
4th place: WUHAN Hubei Autocity,
5th place: ZHEJIANG Yinjiang,
6th place: GUANGZHOU Yueyu,
7th place: JIANGSU Yonex,
8th place: SHANGHAI Zi Wei Ke
2012 season
The 2012 CBSL season started with a new round-robin system for a total of 12 participating teams. The teams were divided into a North Group and a South Group of relatively even strength by order of 2011 ranking. After each six-team groups has played two round-robin iterations (home and away) from August 25 till October 13, 2012, the final stages took place in a play-off format from November 1 till December 9, 2012. The top four finishers in each group advanced into the playoffs in a knockout format, home and away, plus tie-breaker if necessary.
The composition of the players from each team in the 2012 China Badminton Super League are shown below:
Shanghai Zi Wei Ke Badminton Club
Male players: Chen Long, Lu Qicheng, Wu Junchao, Gu Chao, Yu Junjie, Yu Hao, Shi Hong, Xie Yiji
Female players: Wang Yihan, Hu Minyu, Liu Yingchun, Kang Yiling, Xu Wenpei, Chen Tingting, Liu Mengyi, Jiang Yujing
Beijing Guanyu Badminton Club
Male players: Qiao Bin, Qi Shuangshuang, Yu Xiaoyu, Bao Zilong, Huang Haoda, Huang Guoxing, Chen Zhiben, Lu Yi
Female players: Chen Tianyu, Qi Xuefei, Chen Jiao, Suo Di, Yu Xiaohan, Ma Xixi, Wang Mengyan, Xie Jing
Guangdong Oppein Badminton Club
Male players: Fu Haifeng, Zhang Zhijun, Chen Luoxun, Guo Junjie, Xue Song, He Xianglong, Zeng Weijie, Xu Junjie, Jiang Rui
Female players: Xia Jingyun, Sun Yu, He Jiaxin, Chen Qingchen, Wang Nan, Li Yi, Qi Xin
JiangSu Development Badminton Club
Male players: Chen Jin, Li Yu, Qiu Yanbo, Sun Junjie, Tao Jiaming, Guo Cheng, Hu Qianyuan, Kang Jun
Female players: Wang Shixian, Sun Xiaoli, Tang Jinhua, Hui Xirui, Xong Mengjing, Cheng Shu
ZheJiang Yin Jiang Badminton Club
Male players: Xu Chen, Sang Yang, Guo Zi Yu, Huang Yuxiang, Wang Sijie, Lee Chong Wei
Female players: Wang Lin, Zhang Yawen, Zhou Hui, Huang Yaqiong, Li Xiao
Wuhan Union Real Estate Badminton Club
Male players: Chen Yuekun, Li Rui, Rao Yuqiang, Li Junyang, Liu Ming, Zhang Nan, Jin Qiuwei, Hendra Setiawan, Alvent Yulianto Chandra,
Female players: Zhao Yunlei, Wang Xiaoli, Li Wen, Chen Xi, Fang Aixian, Tian Tian, Zhang Jing, Kang Qian, Jiang Rui, Huang Yan Lin
Shenyang Machine Tool Badminton Club
Male players: Gao Huan, Lu Kai, Liu Peixuan, Li Peng, He Mu, Kenichi Hayakawa, Hiroyuki Endo, Zhou Wenlong, Chen Mingyu, Yang Fan
Female players: Yu Yang, Su Lan, Zhang Yeji, Diao Zhe, Liu Fanghua, Xie Yang, Jiang Yanjiao, Du Jing, Jia Lin
Hunan Xiangyu Badminton Club
Male players: Bao Chunlai, Chai Biao, Zhang Sheng, Dong Shuai, Zhang Wen, Chen Zhuofu, Pan Jiangliuhai, Zeng Junwei
Female players: Tian Qing, Chen Xiaojia, Xia Huan, Xie Siyu, Zeng Xi, Jia Yifan
QingDao Beer Badminton Club
Male players: Shen Ye, Zhang Moran, Liu Jingru, Guan Xiaodong, Du Pengyu, Hong Wei, Qiu Zihan, Li Qi
Female players: Ma Jin, Wei Yaqi, Geng Jian, Yang Yuting, Luo Ying, Luo Yu, Liu Jie, Ratchanok Intanon
Guangzhou Yueyu Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Zhengming, Li Yisheng, Lin Dehao, Chen Jinlin, Zheng Bo, Taufik Hidayat, Chen Wenhong, Koo Kien Keat
Female players: Deng Xuan, Zhong Qianxin, Ou Dongni, Mei Qili, Bao Yixin, Lu Lan
Sichuan Chuanwei Badminton Club
Male players: Xie Zhongbo, Dong Xiao, Pei Tianyi, Fu Jinlong, Zhu Siyuan, Li Ran, Deng Xuedi
Female players: Yang Jialu, Wu Qianqian, Xia Chunyu, Han Li, Jia Wei, Chen Jie
Bayi Dongling Group Badminton Club
Male players: Lin Dan, He Hanbin, He Hanqing, Li Gen, Liu Xiaolong, Zhou Yujie, Xiong Shuai, Luo Cheng, Li Jie
Female players: Pan Pan, Li Xuerui, Feng Chen, Wang Xin, Zheng Yu, Qin Jinjing, Rui Xiong, Xiao Jia
Eventually Guangzhou Yueyu Badminton Club became the winner of the 2012 China Badminton Super League. The first best-of-5 final play-off tie between Guangzhou and 2 times champion, powerhouse Qingdao Beer Badminton Club, was played on December 6 at Guangzhou's home court and won by the home team with 3:1. The second tie was held on December 8 and transferred to defending champion Qingdao club's home court. Guangzhou Club also took the second tie with a 3:2 victory and became champions of the 2012 China Badminton Super League.
2013–14 season
At the start of the 2013 season the CBSL competition rules have been significantly changed. First, the 21-point games have been scrapped in favor of a greatly scaled down 11-point system in order to reduce the duration of each competition to meet the requirement of live telecasts.
Second, they introduced mixed three-on-three into the team competition. 3-on-3 was originally used as a training drill inside the China national team to enhance the reaction speed of doubles players. With three players on each side, the speed and pace of the match is very quick and exciting. Now each competition include 5 matches: men's singles, women's singles, and mixed 3-on-3 match are fixed, while another two matches alternating among men's doubles, mixed doubles and women's doubles.
A third alteration is the addition of one amateur men's doubles match before the start of each competition. The players are selected from local amateur events. As members of the clubs they were rewarded with some training courses. By playing in the CBSL events, the players could earn points of CBA amateur ranking system or even prizes if their performances are good enough.
The composition of the players from each of the twelve participating teams in the 2013 China Badminton Super League are shown below:
Shanghai Huangpu Badminton Club
Male players: Xin Anqi, Wu Junchao, Tang Pingyang, Shi Longfei, He Liu, Shi Hong, Xie Yiji, Qiao Bin, Qiu Zihan, Xu Xinyi, Zhao Jian, Chen Yuekun
Female players: Wang Yihan, Kang Yiling, Jiang Yujing, Jiang Binbin, Tang Yuanting, Xu Wenfei, Chen Tingting, Lu Lu, Rong Zhizhen
Guangdong Century City Badminton Club
Male players: Cai Yun, Fu Haifeng, Ren Xiangyu, Lei Lanxi, Yang Zhen, Li Zhe, Wen Kai, Tang Sonhua, Wu Jun, Lee Chong Wei, Xu Chen, Tian Houwei
Female players: Jiang Yanjiao, Liu Xin, Tang Jinhua, Yu Xiaohan, Xu Ya, Hu Yuxiang, Yang Hongqi, Li Ruobi Li, Luo Yuxin
Guangdong Badminton Club
Male players: Zhang Zhijun, Chen Luoxun, Xue Song, Xu Junjie, Wang Peng, Zheng Yumin, Liao Junwei, Jin Sheng, Zhang Yihan
Female players: He Jiaxin, Yao Xue, Chen Qingchen, Xia Jingyun, Wang Zekang, Bai Xueyun, Zheng Xuhui, Fu Xue, Xie Zhenyang, Luo Jiaxin
JiangSu Xiongwei Jianshe Badminton Club
Male players: Li Yu, Sun Junjie, Tao Jiaming, Guo Cheng, Kang Jun, Tao Jiale, Hu Qianyuan, Tang Zhenning, Xu Xiaofeng
Female players: Wang Shixian, Sun Xiaoli, Hui Xirui, Xong Mengjing, Cheng Shu, He Bingjiao, Dong Yourong
ZheJiang Yin Jiang Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Yilyu, Sang Yang, Guo Kai, Huang Yuxiang, Wang Sijie, Zhuge Lukai, Zheng Siwei, Lin Guipu, Zhang Nan,
Female players: Zhao Yunlei, Wang Lin, Qiao Lingzi, Zhou Hui, Huang Yaqiong, Du Peng, Shao Jingjing, Wang Xinyuan, Chen Yufei
Hubei Badminton Club
Male players: Li Rui, Liu Ming, Bi Shijun, Zhang Ningyi, Li Heliu, Zhang Yuxia, Huang Duoduo, Jin Qiuwei, Liu Yuheng
Female players: Li Wen, Chen Xi, Fang Aixian, Tian Tian, Du Yue, Li Yanhui, Zhang Jing, Jiang Rui, Huang Yan Lin, Linying Shiyu
Liaoning Badminton Club
Male players: Gao Huan, Lu Kai, Li Peng, Li Junhui, Zhou Wenlong, Chen Mingyu, Liu Yuchen, Yang Fan, Liu Peixuan
Female players: Yu Yang, Su Lan, Zhang Yeji, Xie Yang, Du Jing, Liu Fanghua, Han Li, Jia Lin, Li Shengnan, Diao Zhe, Chen Bowen
Hunan Xiangyu Badminton Club
Male players: Bao Chunlai, Chai Biao, Zheng Bo, Dong Shuai, Zhang Wen, Chen Zhuofu, Pan Jiangliuhai, Chen Huilin, Zhou Zeqi
Female players: Tian Qing, Chen Xiaojia, Xia Huan, Zeng Xi, Jia Yifan, Xie Siyu, Lin Yuanrui, Bao Yixin
Qingdao Zuanshi Xianfeng Badminton Club
Male players: Zhang Moran, Liu Jingru, Li Qi, Li Tian, Guo Yuchen, Liu Jie, Xie Binyu, Dou Yaowei
Female players: Wei Yaqi, Yang Yuting, Liu Jie, Wang Xiaoxing, Luo Ying, Luo Yu, Ratchanok Intanon, Wang Siyun, Shuai Tian Tian, Lu Yongbei, Zhao Xueyan
Guangzhou Yueyu Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Zhengming, Li Yisheng, Lin Dehao, Tang Junxian, Shen Ye, Guo Junjie, Mohammad Ahsan, Hendra Setiawan, Lee Sheng Mu, Tsai Chia Hsin
Female players: Ma Jin, Sun Yu, Deng Xuan, Zhong Qianxin, Ou Dongni, Mei Qili, Xiao Ting
Xiamen Defang Badminton Club
Male players: Yang Chen, Chen Long, Hong Wei, Zhou Zhe, Liu Xiaolong, Wang Zhicheng, Liu Cheng,
Female players: Wang Xiaoli, Huang Dongping, Liu Linlin, Cheng Yuwei, Lin Minying, Li Tian, Xu Chaoyu, Juliane Schenk
Bayi Dongling Group Badminton Club
Male players: Lin Dan, He Hanbin, He Hanqing, Li Gen, Zhou Yujie, Xiong Shuai, Luo Cheng, Li Jie, Wu Xin
Female players: Li Xuerui, Wang Xin, Feng Chen, Zheng Yu, Qin Jinjing, Rui Xiong, Jiang Yu, Xiao Jia
The 2013–14 edition of CBSL was run from September 28, 2013 to June 5, 2014.
The match dates were set to avoid conflict with BWF Super Series, BWF Super Series Masters Finals, and BWF Grand Prix Gold events. Twelve teams were competing in total, including ten CBSL teams from the previous season, plus two strong newcomers Xiamen and GuangDong Century City. The regular season was played in a double round robin systems with the twelve teams divided in two groups. In the Play-offs the top two from each group played to decide 1-4 in a knock-out format; then 3-3, 4-4, 5-5 for other placements; the last two teams were relegated to the First Division Badminton League One. The semifinals were contested between GuangZhou and GuangDong Century City on one side and Jiangsu and Xiamen on the other side. Eventually the final ties were played between Xiamen and GuangDong Century City with GuangZhou and Jiangsu fighting for 3rd place. In the 1st leg of the final, GuangDong Century City beat Xiamen Defang 3:1 with Chen Long winning the only match for XDF against Tian Houwei of GDCC in two straight sets. In the 2nd leg of the final, GuangDong Century City again beat Xiamen Defang 3:1 to emerge China Super League champion 2013–14 having won two of the "best of three" team match-ups. 3rd place went to Guangzhou Yueyu Weihao who defeated Jiangsu Xiongwei Jiangshe 3:1.
2014–15 season
In the 2014–15 season a match was decided by a best 3 of 5 games to 11-point score. There were no breaks within each game but there were breaks of less than 60 seconds between each games. The mixed team format continues. There are again 12 teams divided into 2 groups of 6.
The first stage was a double round robin. The top 2 teams in each group entered the knock out stage.
The composition of the players from each of the twelve participating teams in the 2014–15 China Badminton Super League are shown below:
Sichuan Jinli Zhiye Badminton Club
Male players: Pei Tianyi, Zhu Siyuan, Deng Xuedi, Zhou Bowei, Gao Xiangfu, Hu Jiehui, Chai Lijian, Zheng Yuanbin, Yu Chen, Gao Xiangcheng
Female players: Wu Qianqian, Xia Chunyu, Han Li, Xu Wei, Han Yushan, Wei Yawen, Yang Manlin, Liu Zidie, Li Sizhuo, Hu Xianglin
Guangdong Century City Badminton Club
Male players: Fu Haifeng, Xu Chen, Tian Houwei, Ren Xiangyu, Lei Lanxi, Li Gen, Zheng Siwei, Zhang Nan
Female players: Tang Jinhua, Liu Xin, Yu Xiaohan, Xu Ya, Hu Yuxiang, Chen Fanghui, Liu Siyi
Guangdong Badminton Club
Male players: Zhang Zhijun, Xue Song, Xu Junjie, Wang Peng, Zheng Yumin, Liao Junwei, Xu Zuopeng, Zhang Yihan
Female players: Gao Huichong, He Jiaxin, Wu Yingshi, Chen Qingchen, Zhan Anqi, Wang Zekang, Zheng Xuhui, Fu Xue, Xie Zhenrui, Luo Jiaxin
JiangSu Badminton Club
Male players: Kang Jun, Shen Chengcheng, Ren Zhijun, Lu Guangzu, Song Ziwei, Zhang Sijie, Xu Yiming, Cai Ruiqin, Shi Yuqi, Cai Yun, Pan Tianchen
Female players: Wang Shixian, Shao Jiahui, Bian Bilian, Xong Mengjing, Cheng Shu, He Bingjiao, Dong Yourong, Gao Fang Jie
Zhejiang Jingti Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Yilyu, Sang Yang, Guo Kai, Huang Yuxiang, Wang Sijie, Zhuge Lukai, Ye Binghong, Lin Guipu, Zhou Haodong, Dong Weijie
Female players: Qiao Lingzi, Jin Beibei, Xu Yingchao, Pan Lu, Huang Yaqiong, Du Peng, Shao Jingjing, Wang Xinyuan, Chen Yufei, Lin Yinan
Guangxi Hande Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Yizheng, Mo Mingming, Cheng Chenlin, Huang Yi, Liang Heng, Sun Xiaowen, Wei Gaowang, Chen Shufan
Female players: Lu Lu, Yang Peiji, Huang Mengmiao, Chen Xiaoxin, Dong Wenjing, Liu Yanling, Lu Yanfei, Chen Jiayuan
Liaoning Badminton Club
Male players: Gao Huan, Lu Kai, Guo Kaiyi, Li Junhui, Wang Zhenxing, Chen Mingyu, Liu Yuchen, Yang Fan
Female players: Zhang Yeji, Xie Yang, Du Jing, Diao Zhe, Yu Yang, Qu Kangyilan, Sun Yihui, Sung Ji-Hyun
Hunan Jiangwan Badminton Club
Male players: Chai Biao, Zhang Wen, Zhou Zeqi, Lin Yuanrui, Chen Zhuofu, Hu Kaizheng, Wang Ning, Son Wan-Ho
Female players: Tian Qing, Bao Yixin, Chen Xiaojia, Xia Huan, Zeng Xi, Jia Yifan, Xie Siyu, Chen Huilin, Zhu Conglin, Peng Qin
Qingdao Hezhan Renzhou Badminton Club
Male players: Qiu Zihan, Li Qi, Shen Ye, Dou Yaowei, Qiao Bin, Liu Xiaolong
Female players: Ma Jin, Luo Ying, Luo Yu, Ratchanok Intanon, Hui Xirui
Guangzhou Yueyu Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Zhengming, Li Yisheng, Lin Dehao, Tang Junxian, Chen Guangfeng, Song Ransheng
Female players: Deng Xuan, Zhong Qianxin, Ou Dongni, Mei Qili, Xiao Ting, Zhou Haiyan, Sun Yu, Chen Yingying
Xiamen Defang Badminton Club
Male players: Yang Chen, Chen Long, Hong Wei, Zhou Zhe, Zhang Lingjun, Qin Chenlin, Liu Cheng, Zhang Yuxiang, Hu Chengfe, Lu Kai
Female players: Wang Xiaoli, Lin Minying, Mai Yiwen, Shao Yifei, Deng Chen, Liu Yuanyuan, Qiu Feng, Yao Xue, Tang Yuanting, Zhao Yunlei
Bayi Badminton Club
Male players: Lin Dan, Gao Tianyu, Zhao Junpeng, Wang Tianyang, Zhou Yujie, Luo Cheng, Ju Fangpengyu, Wu Xin, Tang Jincheng
Female players: Li Xuerui, Wang Xin, Song Yuan, Zheng Yu, Qin Jinjing, Xiong Rui, Shen Yaying, Xiao Jia
The 12 teams were divided by drawing of lots into the Red and the Blue Divisions.
In the Red group were: Guangdong Century City, Jiangsu Wande Recreation, Hunan Jiangwan Group, Guangdong Club, Liaoning Yixing, and Guangxi Hande.
In the Blue group were: Xiamen Defang, Guangzhou Yueyu, Zhejiang Jinti, Bayi, Qingdao Hezhan Renzhou, and Sichuan Jinli Zhiye.
The preliminary group competition was from 27 December 2014 till 2 February 2015, the knockout stage and playoffs commenced from 13 June till 29 June 2015. The Semi-final matches were played between Xiamen DeFang and GuangDong Century City and between Qingdao and Hunan. Eventually the XIAMEN Team became champion by beating the Qingdao team in the Final ties.
2015–16 season
In the 2015–16 season the format changed back to the normal Sudirman Cup format and only eight teams participated. Also the score in each match was back to best of three games and the 21 point system. The Final was scheduled for 31 January 2016, on a Sunday. Total prize money for this edition amounted to RMB 11.4 million. The Champion took RMB 4 million.
The composition of the players from each of the eight participating teams in the 2015–16 China Badminton Super League are shown below:
Guangdong Century City Badminton Club
Male players: Xue Song, Ren Xiangyu, Lei Lanxi, Liao Junwei, Zhang Zhijun, Wang Zekang, Yang Zhen, Li Zhe, Zeng Yuedong, Wang Zheng
Female players: Sun Yu, Chen Qingchen, Xu Ya, Hu Yuxiang, Chen Fanghui, Xiao Yao, Wei Wanqiu, Zhou Ke
JiangSu Nantong Sanjiang Badminton Club
Male players: Cai Yun, Xu Chen, Kang Jun, Shi Yuqi, Ren Zhijun, Lu Guangzu, Song Ziwei, Zhang Sijie, Xu Yiming, Cai Ruiqin
Female players: Wang Shixian, Shao Jiahui, Bian Bilian, Xiong Mengjing, Cheng Shu, He Bingjiao, Dong Yourong, Gao Fang Jie, Wang Zixian, Yu Yue
Zhejiang Jingti Badminton Club
Male players: Guo Kai, Huang Yuxiang, Wang Sijie, Lin Guipu, Zheng Siwei, Jin Jiaxiang, Dong Weijie, Tao Jianqi
Female players: Chen Yufei, Ling Ziqiao, Jin Beibei, Pan Lu, Huang Yaqiong, Du Peng, Shao Jingjing, Wang Xinyuan
Benxi Zhihui Shanshui Cheng Badminton Club
Male players: Gao Huan, Liu Kai, Guo Kaiyi, Li Junhui, Wang Zhenxing, Liu Yuchen, Zhang Weiyi, Sun Zhanming
Female players: Yu Yang, Tang Jinhua, Zhang Yeji, Xie Yang, Guan Shiqi, Zheng Yuwen, An Yu, Wang Siyi
Hunan Jiangwan Group Badminton Club
Male players: Chai Biao, Zhang Wen, Zhou Zeqi, Lin Yuanrui, Chen Zhuofu, Tan Zhendong, Fan Qiuyue, Ma Lin, Jiang Zhen
Female players: Tian Qing, Xia Huan, Jia Yifan, Huang Dongping, Chen Huilin, Zhu Conglin, Peng Qin, Zhou Meng, Liu Xuanxuan, Tai Tzu-ying
Qingdao Capital Airlines Badminton Club
Male players: Lin Dan, Qiu Zihan, Xie Binyu, Yoo Yeon-Seong, Qiao Bin, Liu Xiaolong, Dou Yaowei, Lu Kai
Female players: Li Xuerui, Ma Jin, Luo Ying, Luo Yu, Lu Yongbei, Zhang Rui, Ren Wenxin, Hui Xirui
Guangdong Qiao Xing Group Badminton Club
Male players: Wang Zhengming, Wang Yilyu, Zhuge Lukai, Zhou Ligang, Zeng Weiwang, Lin Kaifeng, Zheng Yumin, Song Ransheng, Lee Yong-Dae, Ko Sung-Hyun
Female players: Zhong Qianxin, Ou Dongni, Zheng Xuhui, Zheng Yu, Chen Lu, Zhou Chaomin, Li Yun, Feng Xueying, Chen Xiaofei, Wu Jiayin
Xiamen Defang Badminton Club
Male players: Zhang Nan, Huang Kaixiang, Liu Cheng, Tian Houwei, Yang Chen, Chen Long, Hong Wei, Qin Chenlin, Lin Mingjie, Zhang Yuxiang
Female players: Zhao Yunlei, Wang Yihan, Tang Yuanting, Bao Yixin, Yao Xue, Lin Minying, Mai Yiwen, Shao Yifei, Liu Yuanyuan, Pan Qiuyu
After the completion of the 14 round-robin home and away matches, the top four teams that emerged were 1st Xiamen, 2nd Qingdao, 3rd Hunan, and 4th Zhejiang. These four teams played the semifinals. After 14 rounds and 56 matches played in the round robin stage, the results were:
1st Xiamen Defang
2nd Qingdao Capital Airline (Shoudu Hangkong)
3rd Hunan Jiangwan Group
4th Zhejiang Jinti
5th Guangdong Qiaoxin Group
6th Jiangsu Nantong Sanjiang
7th Guangdong Century City (Shiji Cheng)
8th Benxi Zhihui Shuicheng
The draw of the semifinal match fixtures was as follows:
On 29 January 2016, Friday - Xiamen Defang versus Hunan Jiangwan Group
On 30 January 2016, Saturday - Qingdao Capital Airline versus Zhejiang Jiangwan Group
In the first semifinal on 29 January 2016, Hunan Jiangwan Group upset the favorite Xiamen Defang team with a 3:0 defeat. In the other semifinal played on 30 January 2016, Qingdao Capital Airline edged out Zhejiang Jinti 3:2 to earn themselves a place in the final for a shot at the RMB 4 million prize money. In the 3rd place playoff on January 31, 2016, Xiamen Defang suffered another setback losing the bronze medal to Zhejiang Jinti 0:3
On January 31, 2016 at the end of the 2015–16 season of the China Badminton Club Super League, the finals were held in the Jinjiang Zuchang Stadium. The Qingdao Capital Airlines team won with a total score of 3:1 victory over the Hunan Jiangwan team to take the 2015–16 Champions League trophy and the RMB 4 million prize money.
2016–17 season
The 2016–17 edition of the CBSL runs from 6 December 2016 until 14 January 2017 for the preliminary stage. The playoff for the top four teams will take place later in 2017.
The CBSL is now one of the high-end professional leagues in China among the different sports. It is organized by the China National Table Tennis and Badminton Centre and the Chinese Badminton Association (CBA). In the 2016–17 season a total of eight teams representing some of the established professional clubs across China were participating.
Similar to the previous edition in 2015–16, the eight teams played home and away round-robin matches in each tie comprising Men's Singles, Women's Singles, Men's Doubles, Women's Doubles and Mixed Doubles in the preliminaries from which the top four teams emerged to the play-off knockout stage to determine the top four positions, while the rest were placed from 5th to 8th based on their preliminary rounds results.
For the preliminaries, all five matches were played, however, in the playoffs, to make it more interesting and keep the outcome in suspense, the order of play was rotated randomly. The matches were played again to the normal best of three games to 21 points.
As none of the teams was relegated (demoted) in the previous edition, the same eight teams as in the 2015–16 season were fielded, namely, Xiamen Defang, Liaoning Zhongrun, Jiangsu An Nier, Zhejiang Jingti, Hunan Hualai, Qingdao Renzhou, Guangzhou Yueyu, Guangdong Shiji Cheng.
The opening round were played on the 6th of December 2016.
The composition of the players from each team in the 2016–17 China Badminton Super League are shown below;
Qingdao Renzhou Badminton Club
Male players: Chen Long, Zhang Nan, Qiu Zihan, Lu Kai, Xue Song, Guo Yuchen, Gao Chengxuan, Chen Bingshun, Chan Peng Soon
Female players: Luo Ying, Luo Yu, Hui Xirui, Ren Wenxin, E Yan, Liu Zhen, Li Xiaozhen, Wu Liuying, Goh Liu Ying
Hunan Hualai Badminton Club
Male players: Chai Biao, Zhang Wen, Chen Zhuofu, Zhou Zeqi, Tan Zhendong, Fan Qiuyue, Lin Yuanrui, Ma Lin, Jiang Zhen, Huang Jiawei
Female players: Tian Qing, Bao Yixin, Jia Yifan, Xia Huan, Dai Zi Ying, Wei Yaxin, Xiao Yue, Zhu Conglin, Peng Qin, Zhou Meng, Liu Xuanxuan, Tai Tzu-Ying
Zhejiang Jingti Badminton Club
Male players: Zheng Siwei, Wang Sijie, Guo Kai, Lin Guipu, Huang Yuxiang, Ye Binghong, Dong Weijie, Tao Jianqi
Female players: Huang Yaqiong, Chen Yufei, Du Peng, Ling Ziqiao, Jin Beibei, Xu Yingchao, Shao Jingjing, Ni Bowen
Xiamen Defang Badminton Club
Male players: Hong Wei, Liu Cheng, Liu Xiaolong, Tian Houwei, Huang Kaixiang, He Jiting, Weng Hongyang, Luo Wangshan, Yu Dengxiang
Female players: Wang Yihan, Tang Yuanting, Huang Dongping, Li Yinhui, He Bingjiao, Fan Mengyan, Mai Yiwen, Liu Yuanyuan, Pan Qiuyu
Guangzhou Heyuan Nong Shang Yinhang (Yueyu) Badminton Club
Male players: Lin Dan, Wang Zhengming, Zhuge Lukai, Zhang Zhijun, Zhou Haodong, Ren Pengbo, Je Fangpengyu, Song Ransheng, Lee Yong-Dae, Shin Baek-Cheol
Female players: Zhong Qianxin, Ou Dongni, Ma Jin, Zheng Yu, Yang Xiaoyu, Wu Yingshi, Fu Xue, Li Yun, Feng Xueying, Chen Xiaofei
Jiangsu An Nier Badminton Club
Male players: Cai Yun, Xu Chen, Kang Jun, Shi Yuqi, Lu Guangzu, Song Ziwei, Zhang Sijie, Xu Yiming, Cai Ruiqin
Female players: Cheng Shu, Tang Jinhua, Sun Xiaoli, Wang Shixian, Gao Fangjie, Dong Yourong, Wang Xinwen, Guo Yuxin, Wang Zixian, Xia Yuting
Guangdong Shiji Cheng Century City Badminton Club
Male players: Fu Haifeng, Liu Yuchen, Wang Yilyu, Qiao Bin, Ren Xiangyu, Son Wan-Ho, Lei Lanxi, Zeng Yuedong, Li Zhe
Female players: Chen Qingchen, Sun Yu, Yu Xiaohan, Hu Yuxiang, Xiao Yao, Wei Wanqiu, Chen Fanghui, Luo Yuxin
Liaoning Zhongrun Badminton Club
Male players: Li Junhui, Wang Zekang, Guo Kaiyi, Gao Huan, Wang Zhenxing, Zhou Wenlong, Zhang Weiyi, Sun Zhanming, Tian Mingdao
Female players: Wang Xiaoli, An Yu, Zhao Wendi, Qu Ran, Xie Yang, Zheng Yuwen, Wang Siyi, Sung Ji-Hyun
References
External links
Badminton tournaments in China
National championships in China
Professional sports leagues in China
2009 establishments in China
Sports leagues established in 2009 |
References
Parks and open spaces in Berkshire
Berkshire
Lists of buildings and structures in Berkshire |
Geoffrey de Runcey (1340s?–1384) was a 14th century chronicler and abbey servant who wrote a valuable, although now-incomplete journal of his travels around medieval East Anglia.
Little is known about de Runcey's ancestry, but his name suggests that he originated from North Runcton, now in the town of King's Lynn in Norfolk, "Runcey" being an archaic spelling (see also Oxburgh Hall at Oxborough). It has been speculated that he was the son of a landowner, free tenant, or even the illegitimate son of a priest, as despite not being ordained he was educated at Bury St. Edmunds Abbey and was in service with the monastery for the rest of his life.
He is best known for his Chronicle from circa 1379. De Runcey appears to have been sent by the priory to spread the news of the death of the high abbot of Bury around the Benedictine monasteries of East Anglia, in the process coming into contact with many walks of life. The chronicle was likely to have been written as evidence that the task was accomplished. He died in 1384, although the cause of death is not recorded. He was interred at the priory of St Edmund, in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, although his tomb was destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
The Chronicle
The Chronicle is, unusually, written in late Middle English, although in a second version (B manuscript), de Runcey or another hand appears to have (poorly) translated sections into Latin for the newly chosen abbot's reading. This version is of a more decorated nature. His journal has proved particularly useful for historians researching Fen customs before Cornelius Vermuyden's great drainage scheme of the 1630s, and is notable for its whimsical, yet unusually secular outlook and lack of superstition. In particular his vivid account of stilt walkers has provided the foundation for many histories of the area:
Stilltemen are yfounden inn the Fenn regionis…Althow theyye are usually triumfant, manny younge boyes are accustomed to falle manny tymes beforr theyye are trewly sucsesfull.
Much of his original journal has unfortunately been lost, although the remaining fragments are kept preserved at the Hillard Collection in Suffolk, the Wisbech Museum and a transcription into modern English of key parts of both manuscripts is available at the Chatteris Museum.
See also
Jocelyn de Brakelond, noted for his Chronicle of the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds c.1173-1202
John de Taxster, chronicler from Bury c.1173-1265
Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes, another chronicle written at St Benet's Abbey, Norfolk.
References
External links
Article about the Fens and stilt-walkers
Wisbech Museum
Chatteris Museum
1340s births
1384 deaths
English chroniclers
Writers from King's Lynn
14th-century English historians |
was a Japanese naval officer who served as an officer of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1920 to 1945 and became a Vice Admiral of the Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF), serving from 1954 to 1960. He was the second commander of the Self Defense Fleet succeeding Hidemi Yoshida. In 1956, he was succeeded by Mitsugu Ihara.
Career
Kiguchi was born in Hyōgo Prefecture. He studied in the Toyōka Junior High School (currently Hyogo Prefectural Toyooka High School).
In August 1920, he entered the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, from where he graduated in July 1923.
In December 1924, he became an ensign in the Navy.
In December 1926, he was promoted to Lieutenant in the Navy.
In December 1928, he was again promoted to Captain in the Navy.
In November 1929, he was graduated from Suirai Naval Academy High School and assigned to the destroyer Wakatake.
In December 1930, he was assigned to the heavy cruiser Furutaka as their squad leader.
In February 1932, he became the commander of the heavy cruiser Takao.
In December 1933, he entered Naval War College.
In November 1934, he was promoted to major in the Navy.
In October 1935, he graduated from Naval War College (33rd term of class A), and again assigned to the destroyer Wakatake as their captain.
In April 1937, Naval War College student, dispatched to the Faculty of Law, Tokyo Imperial University. In July 20, he was temporary transferred to the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff and Ministry of the Navy.
On 10 August 1938, he served in the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff and served by the Ministry of the Navy.
On 18 January 1939, he became the captain of the gunboat Futami. On August 24, he was assigned to the Military Command. On September 15, he became a resident in Germany. On November 15, he was promoted to the commander of the Navy.
On 1 May 1940, he became an assistant to the Military Attaché of the Imperial Embassy in Germany.
On 25 October 1943, he became the Imperial Japanese Navy Technical Department Arsenal Inspector.
On 1 May 1944, he was promoted to Colonel of the Navy.
On 31 March 1946, he was transferred to the reserve role, member of the personnel department of the Yokosuka Regional Demobilization Bureau.
On 4 June 1947, he was retired on request for demobilization clerk.
On 1 November 1951, he was appointed as Coast Guard Officer (Second Coast Guard Officer).
On 15 May 1952, he was appointed as a maritime guard and appointed as an assistant maritime security officer. Coastal Safety Force Yokosuka District Superintendent Deputy Director. On August 1, he was assigned to the Assistant Security Officer with the establishment of the Safety Security Force. Yokosuka Regional Superintendent Deputy General Manager Yokosuka Regional Superintendent.
On 1 April 1953, he was assigned to the second Yokosuka district general manager.
On 20 September 1954, he was promoted to Chief of Staff, Commander of the 2nd Self-Defense Fleet and Commander of the 1st Escort Group.
On 1 August 1956, he was transferred to the Maritime Self-Defense Force executive school chief.
On 16 March 1960, he was retired from the Navy.
On 29 April 1974, he received the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Second Prize.
On 3 November 1992, he passed away at a hospital in Tokyo due to heart failure. He was 88 at his time of death.
Awards
Order of the Sacred Treasure
See also
Japanese military ranks
References
1904 births
1992 deaths
Military personnel from Hyōgo Prefecture
Imperial Japanese Navy officers
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force admirals |
Porechsky Uyezd (Поречский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Smolensk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Porechye (Demidov).
Demographics
At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Porechsky Uyezd had a population of 131,936. Of these, 97.0% spoke Russian, 1.1% Belarusian, 0.7% Latvian, 0.6% Yiddish, 0.3% Polish, 0.1% Estonian, 0.1% German and 0.1% Romani as their native language.
References
Uezds of Smolensk Governorate
Smolensk Governorate |
National Assembly Square may refer to
National Assembly Square, Sophia, Bulgaria
National Assembly Square, Chișinău, Moldova
See also
Parliament Square (disambiguation) |
```objective-c
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#ifndef _SOC_SENSITIVE_STRUCT_H_
#define _SOC_SENSITIVE_STRUCT_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
typedef volatile struct sensitive_dev_s {
union {
struct {
uint32_t cache_dataarray_connect_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} cache_dataarray_connect_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t cache_dataarray_connect_flatten: 8;
uint32_t reserved8 : 24;
};
uint32_t val;
} cache_dataarray_connect_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t apb_peripheral_access_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} apb_peripheral_access_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t apb_peripheral_access_split_burst: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} apb_peripheral_access_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t internal_sram_usage_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} internal_sram_usage_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t internal_sram_icache_usage : 2;
uint32_t internal_sram_dcache_usage : 2;
uint32_t internal_sram_cpu_usage : 7;
uint32_t reserved11 : 21;
};
uint32_t val;
} internal_sram_usage_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t internal_sram_core0_trace_usage: 7;
uint32_t internal_sram_core1_trace_usage: 7;
uint32_t internal_sram_core0_trace_alloc: 2;
uint32_t internal_sram_core1_trace_alloc: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 14;
};
uint32_t val;
} internal_sram_usage_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t internal_sram_mac_dump_usage : 4;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} internal_sram_usage_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t internal_sram_log_usage : 7;
uint32_t reserved7 : 25;
};
uint32_t val;
} internal_sram_usage_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t retention_disable : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} retention_disable;
union {
struct {
uint32_t cache_tag_access_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} cache_tag_access_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t pro_i_tag_rd_acs : 1;
uint32_t pro_i_tag_wr_acs : 1;
uint32_t pro_d_tag_rd_acs : 1;
uint32_t pro_d_tag_wr_acs : 1;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} cache_tag_access_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t cache_mmu_access_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} cache_mmu_access_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t pro_mmu_rd_acs : 1;
uint32_t pro_mmu_wr_acs : 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} cache_mmu_access_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_spi2_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_spi3_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_uhci0_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_i2s0_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_i2s1_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_mac_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_backup_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_aes_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_sha_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_adc_dac_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_rmt_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_lcd_cam_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_usb_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_lc_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_sram_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_sram_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_sram_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_sram_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_sram_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_sdio_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_violate_status_world: 2;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_violate_status_addr: 22;
uint32_t reserved25 : 7;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_violate_status_wr: 1;
uint32_t dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_violate_status_byteen: 16;
uint32_t reserved17 : 15;
};
uint32_t val;
} dma_apbperi_pms_monitor_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_split_line_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_split_line_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_category_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_category_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_category_2: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_category_3: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_category_4: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_category_5: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_category_6: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_sram_splitaddr: 8;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_split_line_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_category_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_category_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_category_2: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_category_3: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_category_4: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_category_5: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_category_6: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_0_splitaddr: 8;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_split_line_constrain_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_category_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_category_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_category_2: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_category_3: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_category_4: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_category_5: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_category_6: 2;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_sram_line_1_splitaddr: 8;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_split_line_constrain_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_category_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_category_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_category_2: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_category_3: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_category_4: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_category_5: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_category_6: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_0_splitaddr: 8;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_split_line_constrain_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_category_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_category_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_category_2: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_category_3: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_category_4: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_category_5: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_category_6: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_dma_sram_line_1_splitaddr: 8;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_dram0_dma_split_line_constrain_5;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_0: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_1: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_2: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_3: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_cachedataarray_pms_0: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_cachedataarray_pms_1: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_rom_world_1_pms: 3;
uint32_t reserved21 : 11;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_0: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_1: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_2: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_3: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_cachedataarray_pms_0: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_cachedataarray_pms_1: 3;
uint32_t core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_rom_world_0_pms: 3;
uint32_t reserved21 : 11;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_iram0_pms_constrain_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_wr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_loadstore: 1;
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_world: 2;
uint32_t core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_addr: 24;
uint32_t reserved29 : 3;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_iram0_pms_monitor_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_wr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_loadstore: 1;
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_world: 2;
uint32_t core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_addr: 24;
uint32_t reserved29 : 3;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_iram0_pms_monitor_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_0_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_2: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_pms_3: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_cachedataarray_pms_0: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_sram_world_1_cachedataarray_pms_1: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_rom_world_0_pms: 2;
uint32_t core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_rom_world_1_pms: 2;
uint32_t reserved28 : 4;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_x_dram0_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_lock: 1;
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_world: 2;
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_addr: 22;
uint32_t reserved26 : 6;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_wr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_byteen: 16;
uint32_t reserved17 : 15;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_dram0_pms_monitor_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_lock: 1;
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_world: 2;
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_addr: 22;
uint32_t reserved26 : 6;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_wr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_violate_status_byteen: 16;
uint32_t reserved17 : 15;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_dram0_pms_monitor_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uart: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_g0spi_1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_g0spi_0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_gpio: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_fe2: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_fe: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_rtc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_io_mux: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_hinf: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_misc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2c: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2s0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uart1: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_bt: 2;
uint32_t reserved2 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2c_ext0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uhci0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_slchost: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_rmt: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pcnt: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_slc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_ledc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_backup: 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_bb: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pwm0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_timergroup: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_timergroup1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_systimer: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_spi_2: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_spi_3: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_apb_ctrl: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2c_ext1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_sdio_host: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_can: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pwm1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2s1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uart2: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_rwbt: 2;
uint32_t reserved24 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_wifimac: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pwr: 2;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_usb_device: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_usb_wrap: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_crypto_peri: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_crypto_dma: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_apb_adc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_lcd_cam: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_bt_pwr: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_usb: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_system: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_sensitive: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_interrupt: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_dma_copy: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_cache_config: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_ad: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_dio: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_world_controller: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uart: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_g0spi_1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_g0spi_0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_gpio: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_fe2: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_fe: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_rtc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_io_mux: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_hinf: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_misc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2c: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2s0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uart1: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_5;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_bt: 2;
uint32_t reserved2 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2c_ext0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uhci0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_slchost: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_rmt: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pcnt: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_slc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_ledc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_backup: 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_bb: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pwm0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_timergroup: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_timergroup1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_systimer: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_6;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_spi_2: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_spi_3: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_apb_ctrl: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2c_ext1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_sdio_host: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_can: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pwm1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2s1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uart2: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_rwbt: 2;
uint32_t reserved24 : 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_wifimac: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pwr: 2;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_7;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_usb_device: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_usb_wrap: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_crypto_peri: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_crypto_dma: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_apb_adc: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_lcd_cam: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_bt_pwr: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_usb: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_system: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_sensitive: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_interrupt: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_dma_copy: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_cache_config: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_ad: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_dio: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_world_controller: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_8;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_spltaddr_world_0: 11;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_spltaddr_world_1: 11;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_9;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_0_l: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_0_h: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_1_l: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_1_h: 3;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_10;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_spltaddr_world_0: 11;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_spltaddr_world_1: 11;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_11;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_0_l: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_0_h: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_1_l: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_1_h: 3;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_12;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_spltaddr_world_0: 11;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_spltaddr_world_1: 11;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_13;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_0_l: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_0_h: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_1_l: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_1_h: 3;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_constrain_14;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_2: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_3: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_4: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_5: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_6: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_7: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_8: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_9: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_10: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_0: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_1: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_2: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_3: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_4: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_5: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_6: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_7: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_8: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_9: 2;
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_10: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_0: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_1: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_2: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_5;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_3: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_6;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_4: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_7;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_5: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_8;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_6: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_9;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_7: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_10;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_8: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_11;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_9: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_12;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_10: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_13;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_region_pms_constrain_addr_11: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_region_pms_constrain_14;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hport_0: 1;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hsize: 3;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hwrite: 1;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hworld: 2;
uint32_t reserved8 : 24;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_monitor_2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_monitor_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_status_hsize: 2;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_status_hworld: 2;
uint32_t reserved5 : 27;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_pif_pms_monitor_5;
uint32_t core_0_pif_pms_monitor_6;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_vecbase_override_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_vecbase_override_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_vecbase_world_mask : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_vecbase_override_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_vecbase_override_world0_value: 22;
uint32_t core_0_vecbase_override_sel : 2;
uint32_t reserved24 : 8;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_vecbase_override_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_vecbase_override_world1_value: 22;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_vecbase_override_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_toomanyexceptions_m_override_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_toomanyexceptions_m_override_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_0_toomanyexceptions_m_override: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_0_toomanyexceptions_m_override_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uart: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_g0spi_1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_g0spi_0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_gpio: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_fe2: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_fe: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_rtc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_io_mux: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_hinf: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_misc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2c: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2s0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uart1: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_bt: 2;
uint32_t reserved2 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2c_ext0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uhci0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_slchost: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_rmt: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pcnt: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_slc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_ledc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_backup: 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_bb: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pwm0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_timergroup: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_timergroup1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_systimer: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_spi_2: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_spi_3: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_apb_ctrl: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2c_ext1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_sdio_host: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_can: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pwm1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_i2s1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_uart2: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_rwbt: 2;
uint32_t reserved24 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_wifimac: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_pwr: 2;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_usb_device: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_usb_wrap: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_crypto_peri: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_crypto_dma: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_apb_adc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_lcd_cam: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_bt_pwr: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_usb: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_system: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_sensitive: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_interrupt: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_dma_copy: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_cache_config: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_ad: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_dio: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_0_world_controller: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uart: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_g0spi_1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_g0spi_0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_gpio: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_fe2: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_fe: 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_rtc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_io_mux: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_hinf: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_misc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2c: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2s0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uart1: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_5;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_bt: 2;
uint32_t reserved2 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2c_ext0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uhci0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_slchost: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_rmt: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pcnt: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_slc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_ledc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_backup: 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_bb: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pwm0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_timergroup: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_timergroup1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_systimer: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_6;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_spi_2: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_spi_3: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_apb_ctrl: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2c_ext1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_sdio_host: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_can: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pwm1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_i2s1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_uart2: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_rwbt: 2;
uint32_t reserved24 : 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_wifimac: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_pwr: 2;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_7;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_usb_device: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_usb_wrap: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_crypto_peri: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_crypto_dma: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_apb_adc: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_lcd_cam: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_bt_pwr: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_usb: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_system: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_sensitive: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_interrupt: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_dma_copy: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_cache_config: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_ad: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_dio: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_world_1_world_controller: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_8;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_spltaddr_world_0: 11;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_spltaddr_world_1: 11;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_9;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_0_l: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_0_h: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_1_l: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcfast_world_1_h: 3;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_10;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_spltaddr_world_0: 11;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_spltaddr_world_1: 11;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_11;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_0_l: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_0_h: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_1_l: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_0_world_1_h: 3;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_12;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_spltaddr_world_0: 11;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_spltaddr_world_1: 11;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_13;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_0_l: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_0_h: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_1_l: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_constrain_rtcslow_1_world_1_h: 3;
uint32_t reserved12 : 20;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_constrain_14;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_2: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_3: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_4: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_5: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_6: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_7: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_8: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_9: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_0_area_10: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_0: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_1: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_2: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_3: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_4: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_5: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_6: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_7: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_8: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_9: 2;
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_world_1_area_10: 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_0: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_1: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_2: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_5;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_3: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_6;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_4: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_7;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_5: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_8;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_6: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_9;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_7: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_10;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_8: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_11;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_9: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_12;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_10: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_13;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_region_pms_constrain_addr_11: 30;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_region_pms_constrain_14;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hport_0: 1;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hsize: 3;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hwrite: 1;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_violate_status_hworld: 2;
uint32_t reserved8 : 24;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_monitor_2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_monitor_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_status_hsize: 2;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_nonword_violate_status_hworld: 2;
uint32_t reserved5 : 27;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_pif_pms_monitor_5;
uint32_t core_1_pif_pms_monitor_6;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_vecbase_override_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_vecbase_override_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_vecbase_world_mask : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_vecbase_override_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_vecbase_override_world0_value: 22;
uint32_t core_1_vecbase_override_sel : 2;
uint32_t reserved24 : 8;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_vecbase_override_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_vecbase_override_world1_value: 22;
uint32_t reserved22 : 10;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_vecbase_override_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_toomanyexceptions_m_override_lock: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_toomanyexceptions_m_override_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t core_1_toomanyexceptions_m_override: 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} core_1_toomanyexceptions_m_override_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_constrain_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_uart : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_g0spi_1: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_g0spi_0: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_gpio : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_fe2 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_fe : 2;
uint32_t reserved12 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_rtc : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_io_mux: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_hinf : 2;
uint32_t reserved22 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_misc : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_i2c : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_i2s0 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_uart1: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_constrain_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_bt : 2;
uint32_t reserved2 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_i2c_ext0: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_uhci0: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_slchost: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_rmt : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_pcnt : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_slc : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_ledc : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_backup: 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_bb : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_pwm0 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_timergroup: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_timergroup1: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_systimer: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_constrain_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_spi_2: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_spi_3: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_apb_ctrl: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_i2c_ext1: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_sdio_host: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_can : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_pwm1 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_i2s1 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_uart2: 2;
uint32_t reserved18 : 2;
uint32_t reserved20 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_rwbt : 2;
uint32_t reserved24 : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_wifimac: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_pwr : 2;
uint32_t reserved30 : 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_constrain_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_usb_device: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_usb_wrap: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_crypto_peri: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_crypto_dma: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_apb_adc: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_lcd_cam: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_bt_pwr: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_usb : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_system: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_sensitive: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_interrupt: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_dma_copy: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_cache_config: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_ad : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_dio : 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_world_controller: 2;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_constrain_4;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_rtcfast_spltaddr: 11;
uint32_t reserved11 : 21;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_constrain_5;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_rtcfast_l: 3;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_constrain_rtcfast_h: 3;
uint32_t reserved6 : 26;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_constrain_6;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_monitor_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_violate_clr: 1;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_violate_en: 1;
uint32_t reserved2 : 30;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_monitor_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_violate_intr: 1;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_violate_status_htrans: 2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_violate_status_hsize: 3;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_violate_status_hwrite: 1;
uint32_t reserved7 : 25;
};
uint32_t val;
} backup_bus_pms_monitor_2;
uint32_t backup_bus_pms_monitor_3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_boundary_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_boundary_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_boundary_0 : 14;
uint32_t reserved14 : 18;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_boundary_0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_boundary_1 : 14;
uint32_t reserved14 : 18;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_boundary_1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_boundary_2 : 14;
uint32_t reserved14 : 18;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_boundary_2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_spi2_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_spi2_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_spi2_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_spi2_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_spi2;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_spi3_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_spi3_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_spi3_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_spi3_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_spi3;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_uhci0_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_uhci0_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_uhci0_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_uhci0_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_uhci0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_i2s0_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_i2s0_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_i2s0_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_i2s0_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_i2s0;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_i2s1_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_i2s1_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_i2s1_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_i2s1_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_i2s1;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_lcd_cam_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_lcd_cam_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_lcd_cam_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_lcd_cam_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_lcd_cam;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_aes_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_aes_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_aes_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_aes_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_aes;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_sha_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_sha_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_sha_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_sha_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_sha;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_adc_dac_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_adc_dac_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_adc_dac_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_adc_dac_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_adc_dac;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_rmt_lock : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_rmt_lock;
union {
struct {
uint32_t edma_pms_rmt_attr1 : 2;
uint32_t edma_pms_rmt_attr2 : 2;
uint32_t reserved4 : 28;
};
uint32_t val;
} edma_pms_rmt;
union {
struct {
uint32_t reg_clk_en : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} clock_gate;
union {
struct {
uint32_t dis_rtc_cpu : 1;
uint32_t reserved1 : 31;
};
uint32_t val;
} rtc_pms;
uint32_t reserved_310;
uint32_t reserved_314;
uint32_t reserved_318;
uint32_t reserved_31c;
uint32_t reserved_320;
uint32_t reserved_324;
uint32_t reserved_328;
uint32_t reserved_32c;
uint32_t reserved_330;
uint32_t reserved_334;
uint32_t reserved_338;
uint32_t reserved_33c;
uint32_t reserved_340;
uint32_t reserved_344;
uint32_t reserved_348;
uint32_t reserved_34c;
uint32_t reserved_350;
uint32_t reserved_354;
uint32_t reserved_358;
uint32_t reserved_35c;
uint32_t reserved_360;
uint32_t reserved_364;
uint32_t reserved_368;
uint32_t reserved_36c;
uint32_t reserved_370;
uint32_t reserved_374;
uint32_t reserved_378;
uint32_t reserved_37c;
uint32_t reserved_380;
uint32_t reserved_384;
uint32_t reserved_388;
uint32_t reserved_38c;
uint32_t reserved_390;
uint32_t reserved_394;
uint32_t reserved_398;
uint32_t reserved_39c;
uint32_t reserved_3a0;
uint32_t reserved_3a4;
uint32_t reserved_3a8;
uint32_t reserved_3ac;
uint32_t reserved_3b0;
uint32_t reserved_3b4;
uint32_t reserved_3b8;
uint32_t reserved_3bc;
uint32_t reserved_3c0;
uint32_t reserved_3c4;
uint32_t reserved_3c8;
uint32_t reserved_3cc;
uint32_t reserved_3d0;
uint32_t reserved_3d4;
uint32_t reserved_3d8;
uint32_t reserved_3dc;
uint32_t reserved_3e0;
uint32_t reserved_3e4;
uint32_t reserved_3e8;
uint32_t reserved_3ec;
uint32_t reserved_3f0;
uint32_t reserved_3f4;
uint32_t reserved_3f8;
uint32_t reserved_3fc;
uint32_t reserved_400;
uint32_t reserved_404;
uint32_t reserved_408;
uint32_t reserved_40c;
uint32_t reserved_410;
uint32_t reserved_414;
uint32_t reserved_418;
uint32_t reserved_41c;
uint32_t reserved_420;
uint32_t reserved_424;
uint32_t reserved_428;
uint32_t reserved_42c;
uint32_t reserved_430;
uint32_t reserved_434;
uint32_t reserved_438;
uint32_t reserved_43c;
uint32_t reserved_440;
uint32_t reserved_444;
uint32_t reserved_448;
uint32_t reserved_44c;
uint32_t reserved_450;
uint32_t reserved_454;
uint32_t reserved_458;
uint32_t reserved_45c;
uint32_t reserved_460;
uint32_t reserved_464;
uint32_t reserved_468;
uint32_t reserved_46c;
uint32_t reserved_470;
uint32_t reserved_474;
uint32_t reserved_478;
uint32_t reserved_47c;
uint32_t reserved_480;
uint32_t reserved_484;
uint32_t reserved_488;
uint32_t reserved_48c;
uint32_t reserved_490;
uint32_t reserved_494;
uint32_t reserved_498;
uint32_t reserved_49c;
uint32_t reserved_4a0;
uint32_t reserved_4a4;
uint32_t reserved_4a8;
uint32_t reserved_4ac;
uint32_t reserved_4b0;
uint32_t reserved_4b4;
uint32_t reserved_4b8;
uint32_t reserved_4bc;
uint32_t reserved_4c0;
uint32_t reserved_4c4;
uint32_t reserved_4c8;
uint32_t reserved_4cc;
uint32_t reserved_4d0;
uint32_t reserved_4d4;
uint32_t reserved_4d8;
uint32_t reserved_4dc;
uint32_t reserved_4e0;
uint32_t reserved_4e4;
uint32_t reserved_4e8;
uint32_t reserved_4ec;
uint32_t reserved_4f0;
uint32_t reserved_4f4;
uint32_t reserved_4f8;
uint32_t reserved_4fc;
uint32_t reserved_500;
uint32_t reserved_504;
uint32_t reserved_508;
uint32_t reserved_50c;
uint32_t reserved_510;
uint32_t reserved_514;
uint32_t reserved_518;
uint32_t reserved_51c;
uint32_t reserved_520;
uint32_t reserved_524;
uint32_t reserved_528;
uint32_t reserved_52c;
uint32_t reserved_530;
uint32_t reserved_534;
uint32_t reserved_538;
uint32_t reserved_53c;
uint32_t reserved_540;
uint32_t reserved_544;
uint32_t reserved_548;
uint32_t reserved_54c;
uint32_t reserved_550;
uint32_t reserved_554;
uint32_t reserved_558;
uint32_t reserved_55c;
uint32_t reserved_560;
uint32_t reserved_564;
uint32_t reserved_568;
uint32_t reserved_56c;
uint32_t reserved_570;
uint32_t reserved_574;
uint32_t reserved_578;
uint32_t reserved_57c;
uint32_t reserved_580;
uint32_t reserved_584;
uint32_t reserved_588;
uint32_t reserved_58c;
uint32_t reserved_590;
uint32_t reserved_594;
uint32_t reserved_598;
uint32_t reserved_59c;
uint32_t reserved_5a0;
uint32_t reserved_5a4;
uint32_t reserved_5a8;
uint32_t reserved_5ac;
uint32_t reserved_5b0;
uint32_t reserved_5b4;
uint32_t reserved_5b8;
uint32_t reserved_5bc;
uint32_t reserved_5c0;
uint32_t reserved_5c4;
uint32_t reserved_5c8;
uint32_t reserved_5cc;
uint32_t reserved_5d0;
uint32_t reserved_5d4;
uint32_t reserved_5d8;
uint32_t reserved_5dc;
uint32_t reserved_5e0;
uint32_t reserved_5e4;
uint32_t reserved_5e8;
uint32_t reserved_5ec;
uint32_t reserved_5f0;
uint32_t reserved_5f4;
uint32_t reserved_5f8;
uint32_t reserved_5fc;
uint32_t reserved_600;
uint32_t reserved_604;
uint32_t reserved_608;
uint32_t reserved_60c;
uint32_t reserved_610;
uint32_t reserved_614;
uint32_t reserved_618;
uint32_t reserved_61c;
uint32_t reserved_620;
uint32_t reserved_624;
uint32_t reserved_628;
uint32_t reserved_62c;
uint32_t reserved_630;
uint32_t reserved_634;
uint32_t reserved_638;
uint32_t reserved_63c;
uint32_t reserved_640;
uint32_t reserved_644;
uint32_t reserved_648;
uint32_t reserved_64c;
uint32_t reserved_650;
uint32_t reserved_654;
uint32_t reserved_658;
uint32_t reserved_65c;
uint32_t reserved_660;
uint32_t reserved_664;
uint32_t reserved_668;
uint32_t reserved_66c;
uint32_t reserved_670;
uint32_t reserved_674;
uint32_t reserved_678;
uint32_t reserved_67c;
uint32_t reserved_680;
uint32_t reserved_684;
uint32_t reserved_688;
uint32_t reserved_68c;
uint32_t reserved_690;
uint32_t reserved_694;
uint32_t reserved_698;
uint32_t reserved_69c;
uint32_t reserved_6a0;
uint32_t reserved_6a4;
uint32_t reserved_6a8;
uint32_t reserved_6ac;
uint32_t reserved_6b0;
uint32_t reserved_6b4;
uint32_t reserved_6b8;
uint32_t reserved_6bc;
uint32_t reserved_6c0;
uint32_t reserved_6c4;
uint32_t reserved_6c8;
uint32_t reserved_6cc;
uint32_t reserved_6d0;
uint32_t reserved_6d4;
uint32_t reserved_6d8;
uint32_t reserved_6dc;
uint32_t reserved_6e0;
uint32_t reserved_6e4;
uint32_t reserved_6e8;
uint32_t reserved_6ec;
uint32_t reserved_6f0;
uint32_t reserved_6f4;
uint32_t reserved_6f8;
uint32_t reserved_6fc;
uint32_t reserved_700;
uint32_t reserved_704;
uint32_t reserved_708;
uint32_t reserved_70c;
uint32_t reserved_710;
uint32_t reserved_714;
uint32_t reserved_718;
uint32_t reserved_71c;
uint32_t reserved_720;
uint32_t reserved_724;
uint32_t reserved_728;
uint32_t reserved_72c;
uint32_t reserved_730;
uint32_t reserved_734;
uint32_t reserved_738;
uint32_t reserved_73c;
uint32_t reserved_740;
uint32_t reserved_744;
uint32_t reserved_748;
uint32_t reserved_74c;
uint32_t reserved_750;
uint32_t reserved_754;
uint32_t reserved_758;
uint32_t reserved_75c;
uint32_t reserved_760;
uint32_t reserved_764;
uint32_t reserved_768;
uint32_t reserved_76c;
uint32_t reserved_770;
uint32_t reserved_774;
uint32_t reserved_778;
uint32_t reserved_77c;
uint32_t reserved_780;
uint32_t reserved_784;
uint32_t reserved_788;
uint32_t reserved_78c;
uint32_t reserved_790;
uint32_t reserved_794;
uint32_t reserved_798;
uint32_t reserved_79c;
uint32_t reserved_7a0;
uint32_t reserved_7a4;
uint32_t reserved_7a8;
uint32_t reserved_7ac;
uint32_t reserved_7b0;
uint32_t reserved_7b4;
uint32_t reserved_7b8;
uint32_t reserved_7bc;
uint32_t reserved_7c0;
uint32_t reserved_7c4;
uint32_t reserved_7c8;
uint32_t reserved_7cc;
uint32_t reserved_7d0;
uint32_t reserved_7d4;
uint32_t reserved_7d8;
uint32_t reserved_7dc;
uint32_t reserved_7e0;
uint32_t reserved_7e4;
uint32_t reserved_7e8;
uint32_t reserved_7ec;
uint32_t reserved_7f0;
uint32_t reserved_7f4;
uint32_t reserved_7f8;
uint32_t reserved_7fc;
uint32_t reserved_800;
uint32_t reserved_804;
uint32_t reserved_808;
uint32_t reserved_80c;
uint32_t reserved_810;
uint32_t reserved_814;
uint32_t reserved_818;
uint32_t reserved_81c;
uint32_t reserved_820;
uint32_t reserved_824;
uint32_t reserved_828;
uint32_t reserved_82c;
uint32_t reserved_830;
uint32_t reserved_834;
uint32_t reserved_838;
uint32_t reserved_83c;
uint32_t reserved_840;
uint32_t reserved_844;
uint32_t reserved_848;
uint32_t reserved_84c;
uint32_t reserved_850;
uint32_t reserved_854;
uint32_t reserved_858;
uint32_t reserved_85c;
uint32_t reserved_860;
uint32_t reserved_864;
uint32_t reserved_868;
uint32_t reserved_86c;
uint32_t reserved_870;
uint32_t reserved_874;
uint32_t reserved_878;
uint32_t reserved_87c;
uint32_t reserved_880;
uint32_t reserved_884;
uint32_t reserved_888;
uint32_t reserved_88c;
uint32_t reserved_890;
uint32_t reserved_894;
uint32_t reserved_898;
uint32_t reserved_89c;
uint32_t reserved_8a0;
uint32_t reserved_8a4;
uint32_t reserved_8a8;
uint32_t reserved_8ac;
uint32_t reserved_8b0;
uint32_t reserved_8b4;
uint32_t reserved_8b8;
uint32_t reserved_8bc;
uint32_t reserved_8c0;
uint32_t reserved_8c4;
uint32_t reserved_8c8;
uint32_t reserved_8cc;
uint32_t reserved_8d0;
uint32_t reserved_8d4;
uint32_t reserved_8d8;
uint32_t reserved_8dc;
uint32_t reserved_8e0;
uint32_t reserved_8e4;
uint32_t reserved_8e8;
uint32_t reserved_8ec;
uint32_t reserved_8f0;
uint32_t reserved_8f4;
uint32_t reserved_8f8;
uint32_t reserved_8fc;
uint32_t reserved_900;
uint32_t reserved_904;
uint32_t reserved_908;
uint32_t reserved_90c;
uint32_t reserved_910;
uint32_t reserved_914;
uint32_t reserved_918;
uint32_t reserved_91c;
uint32_t reserved_920;
uint32_t reserved_924;
uint32_t reserved_928;
uint32_t reserved_92c;
uint32_t reserved_930;
uint32_t reserved_934;
uint32_t reserved_938;
uint32_t reserved_93c;
uint32_t reserved_940;
uint32_t reserved_944;
uint32_t reserved_948;
uint32_t reserved_94c;
uint32_t reserved_950;
uint32_t reserved_954;
uint32_t reserved_958;
uint32_t reserved_95c;
uint32_t reserved_960;
uint32_t reserved_964;
uint32_t reserved_968;
uint32_t reserved_96c;
uint32_t reserved_970;
uint32_t reserved_974;
uint32_t reserved_978;
uint32_t reserved_97c;
uint32_t reserved_980;
uint32_t reserved_984;
uint32_t reserved_988;
uint32_t reserved_98c;
uint32_t reserved_990;
uint32_t reserved_994;
uint32_t reserved_998;
uint32_t reserved_99c;
uint32_t reserved_9a0;
uint32_t reserved_9a4;
uint32_t reserved_9a8;
uint32_t reserved_9ac;
uint32_t reserved_9b0;
uint32_t reserved_9b4;
uint32_t reserved_9b8;
uint32_t reserved_9bc;
uint32_t reserved_9c0;
uint32_t reserved_9c4;
uint32_t reserved_9c8;
uint32_t reserved_9cc;
uint32_t reserved_9d0;
uint32_t reserved_9d4;
uint32_t reserved_9d8;
uint32_t reserved_9dc;
uint32_t reserved_9e0;
uint32_t reserved_9e4;
uint32_t reserved_9e8;
uint32_t reserved_9ec;
uint32_t reserved_9f0;
uint32_t reserved_9f4;
uint32_t reserved_9f8;
uint32_t reserved_9fc;
uint32_t reserved_a00;
uint32_t reserved_a04;
uint32_t reserved_a08;
uint32_t reserved_a0c;
uint32_t reserved_a10;
uint32_t reserved_a14;
uint32_t reserved_a18;
uint32_t reserved_a1c;
uint32_t reserved_a20;
uint32_t reserved_a24;
uint32_t reserved_a28;
uint32_t reserved_a2c;
uint32_t reserved_a30;
uint32_t reserved_a34;
uint32_t reserved_a38;
uint32_t reserved_a3c;
uint32_t reserved_a40;
uint32_t reserved_a44;
uint32_t reserved_a48;
uint32_t reserved_a4c;
uint32_t reserved_a50;
uint32_t reserved_a54;
uint32_t reserved_a58;
uint32_t reserved_a5c;
uint32_t reserved_a60;
uint32_t reserved_a64;
uint32_t reserved_a68;
uint32_t reserved_a6c;
uint32_t reserved_a70;
uint32_t reserved_a74;
uint32_t reserved_a78;
uint32_t reserved_a7c;
uint32_t reserved_a80;
uint32_t reserved_a84;
uint32_t reserved_a88;
uint32_t reserved_a8c;
uint32_t reserved_a90;
uint32_t reserved_a94;
uint32_t reserved_a98;
uint32_t reserved_a9c;
uint32_t reserved_aa0;
uint32_t reserved_aa4;
uint32_t reserved_aa8;
uint32_t reserved_aac;
uint32_t reserved_ab0;
uint32_t reserved_ab4;
uint32_t reserved_ab8;
uint32_t reserved_abc;
uint32_t reserved_ac0;
uint32_t reserved_ac4;
uint32_t reserved_ac8;
uint32_t reserved_acc;
uint32_t reserved_ad0;
uint32_t reserved_ad4;
uint32_t reserved_ad8;
uint32_t reserved_adc;
uint32_t reserved_ae0;
uint32_t reserved_ae4;
uint32_t reserved_ae8;
uint32_t reserved_aec;
uint32_t reserved_af0;
uint32_t reserved_af4;
uint32_t reserved_af8;
uint32_t reserved_afc;
uint32_t reserved_b00;
uint32_t reserved_b04;
uint32_t reserved_b08;
uint32_t reserved_b0c;
uint32_t reserved_b10;
uint32_t reserved_b14;
uint32_t reserved_b18;
uint32_t reserved_b1c;
uint32_t reserved_b20;
uint32_t reserved_b24;
uint32_t reserved_b28;
uint32_t reserved_b2c;
uint32_t reserved_b30;
uint32_t reserved_b34;
uint32_t reserved_b38;
uint32_t reserved_b3c;
uint32_t reserved_b40;
uint32_t reserved_b44;
uint32_t reserved_b48;
uint32_t reserved_b4c;
uint32_t reserved_b50;
uint32_t reserved_b54;
uint32_t reserved_b58;
uint32_t reserved_b5c;
uint32_t reserved_b60;
uint32_t reserved_b64;
uint32_t reserved_b68;
uint32_t reserved_b6c;
uint32_t reserved_b70;
uint32_t reserved_b74;
uint32_t reserved_b78;
uint32_t reserved_b7c;
uint32_t reserved_b80;
uint32_t reserved_b84;
uint32_t reserved_b88;
uint32_t reserved_b8c;
uint32_t reserved_b90;
uint32_t reserved_b94;
uint32_t reserved_b98;
uint32_t reserved_b9c;
uint32_t reserved_ba0;
uint32_t reserved_ba4;
uint32_t reserved_ba8;
uint32_t reserved_bac;
uint32_t reserved_bb0;
uint32_t reserved_bb4;
uint32_t reserved_bb8;
uint32_t reserved_bbc;
uint32_t reserved_bc0;
uint32_t reserved_bc4;
uint32_t reserved_bc8;
uint32_t reserved_bcc;
uint32_t reserved_bd0;
uint32_t reserved_bd4;
uint32_t reserved_bd8;
uint32_t reserved_bdc;
uint32_t reserved_be0;
uint32_t reserved_be4;
uint32_t reserved_be8;
uint32_t reserved_bec;
uint32_t reserved_bf0;
uint32_t reserved_bf4;
uint32_t reserved_bf8;
uint32_t reserved_bfc;
uint32_t reserved_c00;
uint32_t reserved_c04;
uint32_t reserved_c08;
uint32_t reserved_c0c;
uint32_t reserved_c10;
uint32_t reserved_c14;
uint32_t reserved_c18;
uint32_t reserved_c1c;
uint32_t reserved_c20;
uint32_t reserved_c24;
uint32_t reserved_c28;
uint32_t reserved_c2c;
uint32_t reserved_c30;
uint32_t reserved_c34;
uint32_t reserved_c38;
uint32_t reserved_c3c;
uint32_t reserved_c40;
uint32_t reserved_c44;
uint32_t reserved_c48;
uint32_t reserved_c4c;
uint32_t reserved_c50;
uint32_t reserved_c54;
uint32_t reserved_c58;
uint32_t reserved_c5c;
uint32_t reserved_c60;
uint32_t reserved_c64;
uint32_t reserved_c68;
uint32_t reserved_c6c;
uint32_t reserved_c70;
uint32_t reserved_c74;
uint32_t reserved_c78;
uint32_t reserved_c7c;
uint32_t reserved_c80;
uint32_t reserved_c84;
uint32_t reserved_c88;
uint32_t reserved_c8c;
uint32_t reserved_c90;
uint32_t reserved_c94;
uint32_t reserved_c98;
uint32_t reserved_c9c;
uint32_t reserved_ca0;
uint32_t reserved_ca4;
uint32_t reserved_ca8;
uint32_t reserved_cac;
uint32_t reserved_cb0;
uint32_t reserved_cb4;
uint32_t reserved_cb8;
uint32_t reserved_cbc;
uint32_t reserved_cc0;
uint32_t reserved_cc4;
uint32_t reserved_cc8;
uint32_t reserved_ccc;
uint32_t reserved_cd0;
uint32_t reserved_cd4;
uint32_t reserved_cd8;
uint32_t reserved_cdc;
uint32_t reserved_ce0;
uint32_t reserved_ce4;
uint32_t reserved_ce8;
uint32_t reserved_cec;
uint32_t reserved_cf0;
uint32_t reserved_cf4;
uint32_t reserved_cf8;
uint32_t reserved_cfc;
uint32_t reserved_d00;
uint32_t reserved_d04;
uint32_t reserved_d08;
uint32_t reserved_d0c;
uint32_t reserved_d10;
uint32_t reserved_d14;
uint32_t reserved_d18;
uint32_t reserved_d1c;
uint32_t reserved_d20;
uint32_t reserved_d24;
uint32_t reserved_d28;
uint32_t reserved_d2c;
uint32_t reserved_d30;
uint32_t reserved_d34;
uint32_t reserved_d38;
uint32_t reserved_d3c;
uint32_t reserved_d40;
uint32_t reserved_d44;
uint32_t reserved_d48;
uint32_t reserved_d4c;
uint32_t reserved_d50;
uint32_t reserved_d54;
uint32_t reserved_d58;
uint32_t reserved_d5c;
uint32_t reserved_d60;
uint32_t reserved_d64;
uint32_t reserved_d68;
uint32_t reserved_d6c;
uint32_t reserved_d70;
uint32_t reserved_d74;
uint32_t reserved_d78;
uint32_t reserved_d7c;
uint32_t reserved_d80;
uint32_t reserved_d84;
uint32_t reserved_d88;
uint32_t reserved_d8c;
uint32_t reserved_d90;
uint32_t reserved_d94;
uint32_t reserved_d98;
uint32_t reserved_d9c;
uint32_t reserved_da0;
uint32_t reserved_da4;
uint32_t reserved_da8;
uint32_t reserved_dac;
uint32_t reserved_db0;
uint32_t reserved_db4;
uint32_t reserved_db8;
uint32_t reserved_dbc;
uint32_t reserved_dc0;
uint32_t reserved_dc4;
uint32_t reserved_dc8;
uint32_t reserved_dcc;
uint32_t reserved_dd0;
uint32_t reserved_dd4;
uint32_t reserved_dd8;
uint32_t reserved_ddc;
uint32_t reserved_de0;
uint32_t reserved_de4;
uint32_t reserved_de8;
uint32_t reserved_dec;
uint32_t reserved_df0;
uint32_t reserved_df4;
uint32_t reserved_df8;
uint32_t reserved_dfc;
uint32_t reserved_e00;
uint32_t reserved_e04;
uint32_t reserved_e08;
uint32_t reserved_e0c;
uint32_t reserved_e10;
uint32_t reserved_e14;
uint32_t reserved_e18;
uint32_t reserved_e1c;
uint32_t reserved_e20;
uint32_t reserved_e24;
uint32_t reserved_e28;
uint32_t reserved_e2c;
uint32_t reserved_e30;
uint32_t reserved_e34;
uint32_t reserved_e38;
uint32_t reserved_e3c;
uint32_t reserved_e40;
uint32_t reserved_e44;
uint32_t reserved_e48;
uint32_t reserved_e4c;
uint32_t reserved_e50;
uint32_t reserved_e54;
uint32_t reserved_e58;
uint32_t reserved_e5c;
uint32_t reserved_e60;
uint32_t reserved_e64;
uint32_t reserved_e68;
uint32_t reserved_e6c;
uint32_t reserved_e70;
uint32_t reserved_e74;
uint32_t reserved_e78;
uint32_t reserved_e7c;
uint32_t reserved_e80;
uint32_t reserved_e84;
uint32_t reserved_e88;
uint32_t reserved_e8c;
uint32_t reserved_e90;
uint32_t reserved_e94;
uint32_t reserved_e98;
uint32_t reserved_e9c;
uint32_t reserved_ea0;
uint32_t reserved_ea4;
uint32_t reserved_ea8;
uint32_t reserved_eac;
uint32_t reserved_eb0;
uint32_t reserved_eb4;
uint32_t reserved_eb8;
uint32_t reserved_ebc;
uint32_t reserved_ec0;
uint32_t reserved_ec4;
uint32_t reserved_ec8;
uint32_t reserved_ecc;
uint32_t reserved_ed0;
uint32_t reserved_ed4;
uint32_t reserved_ed8;
uint32_t reserved_edc;
uint32_t reserved_ee0;
uint32_t reserved_ee4;
uint32_t reserved_ee8;
uint32_t reserved_eec;
uint32_t reserved_ef0;
uint32_t reserved_ef4;
uint32_t reserved_ef8;
uint32_t reserved_efc;
uint32_t reserved_f00;
uint32_t reserved_f04;
uint32_t reserved_f08;
uint32_t reserved_f0c;
uint32_t reserved_f10;
uint32_t reserved_f14;
uint32_t reserved_f18;
uint32_t reserved_f1c;
uint32_t reserved_f20;
uint32_t reserved_f24;
uint32_t reserved_f28;
uint32_t reserved_f2c;
uint32_t reserved_f30;
uint32_t reserved_f34;
uint32_t reserved_f38;
uint32_t reserved_f3c;
uint32_t reserved_f40;
uint32_t reserved_f44;
uint32_t reserved_f48;
uint32_t reserved_f4c;
uint32_t reserved_f50;
uint32_t reserved_f54;
uint32_t reserved_f58;
uint32_t reserved_f5c;
uint32_t reserved_f60;
uint32_t reserved_f64;
uint32_t reserved_f68;
uint32_t reserved_f6c;
uint32_t reserved_f70;
uint32_t reserved_f74;
uint32_t reserved_f78;
uint32_t reserved_f7c;
uint32_t reserved_f80;
uint32_t reserved_f84;
uint32_t reserved_f88;
uint32_t reserved_f8c;
uint32_t reserved_f90;
uint32_t reserved_f94;
uint32_t reserved_f98;
uint32_t reserved_f9c;
uint32_t reserved_fa0;
uint32_t reserved_fa4;
uint32_t reserved_fa8;
uint32_t reserved_fac;
uint32_t reserved_fb0;
uint32_t reserved_fb4;
uint32_t reserved_fb8;
uint32_t reserved_fbc;
uint32_t reserved_fc0;
uint32_t reserved_fc4;
uint32_t reserved_fc8;
uint32_t reserved_fcc;
uint32_t reserved_fd0;
uint32_t reserved_fd4;
uint32_t reserved_fd8;
uint32_t reserved_fdc;
uint32_t reserved_fe0;
uint32_t reserved_fe4;
uint32_t reserved_fe8;
uint32_t reserved_fec;
uint32_t reserved_ff0;
uint32_t reserved_ff4;
uint32_t reserved_ff8;
union {
struct {
uint32_t sensitive_reg_date : 28;
uint32_t reserved28 : 4;
};
uint32_t val;
} reg_date;
} sensitive_dev_t;
extern sensitive_dev_t SENSITIVE;
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /*_SOC_SENSITIVE_STRUCT_H_ */
``` |
The Munster Intermediate Hurling Championship was an annual inter-county hurling competition organised by the Munster Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) between 1961 and 2017. Teams consisted of senior, intermediate and junior club players who were not members of their county's senior panel. The competition was established to prevent the stronger counties from dominating the existing Munster Junior Hurling Championship.
The final, frequently held in July, served as the culmination of a series of games played during the early summer months, often as curtain raisers to Munster SHC games, with the results determining which team received the Sweet Afton Cup. The championship was always played on a straight knockout basis whereby once a team lost they were eliminated from the championship.
The Munster Championship was an integral part of the wider All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship. The winners of the Munster final, like their counterparts in the Leinster Championship, advanced directly to the latter stages of the All-Ireland series of games.
Seven teams have competed at various times since the inception of the Munster Championship. The title has been won at least once by all seven teams, five of whom have won the title more than once. Cork were the most successful team with 15 titles. Clare were the last winners of the title before its abolition.
Format
The Munster Championship is a knockout tournament with pairings drawn at random – there are no seeds.
Each match is played as a single leg. If a match is drawn there is extra time and, if the sides still remain level, a second period of extra time is played.
The format has remained the same since the very first Munster Championship in 1961. An open draw is made in which three of the five teams automatically qualify for the semi-final stage of the competition. Two other teams play in a lone quarter-final with the winner joining the other three teams at the semi-final stage. Once a team is defeated they are eliminated from the championship.
The Munster Championship has wider implications for the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship. The winners of the Munster final automatically qualify for the latter stages of the All-Ireland series of games. Unlike the final runners-up in the minor and senior championships, there is no 'back-door system' at intermediate level.
Five of the six counties of Munster – Clare, Cork, Limerick, Tipperary and Waterford – participate in the championship. Kerry, the sixth county in the province, contested the Munster Championship until recently. Galway took part in the competition in the 1960s.
Trophies
At the end of the Munster final, the winning team is presented with a trophy. The cup, named the Sweet Afton Cup, is held by the winning team until the following year's final. Traditionally, the presentation is made at a special rostrum in the stand where GAA dignitaries and special guests view the match.
The cup is decorated with ribbons in the colours of the winning team. During the game the cup actually has both teams' sets of ribbons attached and the runners-up ribbons are removed before the presentation. The winning captain accepts the cup on behalf of his team before giving a short speech. Individual members of the winning team then have an opportunity to come to the rostrum to lift the cup.
The present trophy was presented by Tipperary man Jerry Shelly in 1961 to commemorate the new competition.
General statistics
Performance by county
Biggest Munster final wins
The most one sided Munster finals:
24 points – 1963: Tipperary 6–10 (28) – (4) 0–4 Clare
21 points – 2009: Cork 5–24 (39) – (18) 3–9 Waterford
20 points – 1969: Cork 4–14 (26) – (6) 0–6 Galway
13 points – 2014: Cork 4–15 (27) – (14) 2–8 Tipperary
12 points – 1964: Cork 4–13 (25) – (13) 1–10 Galway
12 points – 2007: Waterford 5–12 (27) – (15) 1–12 Limerick
Miscellaneous
Cork hold the record for the longest streak of success in finals. They won four championships in-a-row between 2003 and 2006.
Tipperary hold the record for the longest streak of defeated in finals. They lost three championship deciders in-a-row between 2004 and 2006.
Cork hold the record for the most consecutive appearances in Munster finals. They played in four-in-a-row on two separate occasions, firstly between 1967 and 1970, and most recently between 2003 and 2006.
Two counties have completed the Munster intermediate and senior double in the same year:
Cork in 1969, 1999, 2003, 2005, 2006
Tipperary in 1961, 1971
Waterford in 2007
Cork is the only county to have completed the Munster minor, under-21, intermediate and senior 'grand slam' in the same year. This was achieved in 1969 and again in 2005.
Only one player has captained his county to Munster titles in both the intermediate and senior grades:
Pat Mulcahy captained Cork to the intermediate title in 1997 and the senior title in 2006.
List of Munster Finals
Records and statistics
Top scorers
All time
By year
In a single game
See also
Leinster Intermediate Hurling Championship
Connacht Intermediate Hurling Championship
Ulster Intermediate Hurling Championship
References
2008 Final Report
2011 Final report
Sources
Roll of Honour on www.gaainfo.com
Munster GAA inter-county hurling competitions |
```c
/*
FSearch - A fast file search utility
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program; if not, see <path_to_url
*/
#define G_LOG_DOMAIN "fsearch-thread-pool"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "fsearch_limits.h"
#include "fsearch_thread_pool.h"
struct FsearchThreadPool {
GList *threads;
uint32_t num_threads;
};
typedef struct {
GThread *thread;
FsearchThreadPoolFunc thread_func;
gpointer *thread_data;
GMutex mutex;
GCond start_cond;
GCond finished_cond;
FsearchThreadStatus status;
bool terminate;
} FsearchThreadPoolContext;
static bool
thread_pool_has_thread(FsearchThreadPool *pool, GList *thread) {
GList *temp = pool->threads;
while (temp) {
if (temp == thread) {
return true;
}
temp = temp->next;
}
return false;
}
static gpointer
fsearch_thread_pool_thread(gpointer user_data) {
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = user_data;
g_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
while (!ctx->terminate) {
g_cond_wait(&ctx->start_cond, &ctx->mutex);
ctx->status = THREAD_BUSY;
if (ctx->thread_data) {
ctx->thread_func(ctx->thread_data);
ctx->status = THREAD_FINISHED;
ctx->thread_data = NULL;
g_cond_signal(&ctx->finished_cond);
}
ctx->status = THREAD_IDLE;
}
g_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
return NULL;
}
static void
thread_context_free(FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx) {
g_return_if_fail(ctx);
g_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
if (ctx->thread_data) {
g_debug("[thread_pool] search data still there");
}
// terminate thread
ctx->terminate = true;
g_cond_signal(&ctx->start_cond);
g_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
g_thread_join(g_steal_pointer(&ctx->thread));
g_mutex_clear(&ctx->mutex);
g_cond_clear(&ctx->start_cond);
g_cond_clear(&ctx->finished_cond);
g_clear_pointer(&ctx, g_free);
}
static FsearchThreadPoolContext *
thread_context_new(void) {
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = g_new0(FsearchThreadPoolContext, 1);
g_assert(ctx);
ctx->thread_data = NULL;
ctx->thread_func = NULL;
ctx->terminate = false;
ctx->status = THREAD_IDLE;
g_mutex_init(&ctx->mutex);
g_cond_init(&ctx->start_cond);
g_cond_init(&ctx->finished_cond);
ctx->thread = g_thread_new("thread pool", fsearch_thread_pool_thread, ctx);
return ctx;
}
FsearchThreadPool *
fsearch_thread_pool_init(void) {
FsearchThreadPool *pool = g_new0(FsearchThreadPool, 1);
pool->threads = NULL;
pool->num_threads = 0;
uint32_t num_cpus = MIN(g_get_num_processors(), FSEARCH_THREAD_LIMIT);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_cpus; i++) {
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = thread_context_new();
if (ctx) {
pool->threads = g_list_prepend(pool->threads, ctx);
pool->num_threads++;
}
}
return pool;
}
void
fsearch_thread_pool_free(FsearchThreadPool *pool) {
g_return_if_fail(pool);
g_list_free_full(g_steal_pointer(&pool->threads), (GDestroyNotify)thread_context_free);
g_clear_pointer(&pool, g_free);
}
GList *
fsearch_thread_pool_get_threads(FsearchThreadPool *pool) {
g_return_val_if_fail(pool, NULL);
return pool->threads;
}
gpointer
fsearch_thread_pool_get_data(FsearchThreadPool *pool, GList *thread) {
if (!pool || !thread) {
return NULL;
}
if (!thread_pool_has_thread(pool, thread)) {
return NULL;
}
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = thread->data;
if (!ctx) {
return NULL;
}
return ctx->thread_data;
}
bool
fsearch_thread_pool_task_is_idle(FsearchThreadPool *pool, GList *thread) {
bool res = false;
if (!thread_pool_has_thread(pool, thread)) {
return res;
}
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = thread->data;
if (!ctx) {
return res;
}
res = ctx->status == THREAD_IDLE ? true : false;
return res;
}
bool
fsearch_thread_pool_task_is_busy(FsearchThreadPool *pool, GList *thread) {
bool res = false;
if (!thread_pool_has_thread(pool, thread)) {
return res;
}
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = thread->data;
if (!ctx) {
return res;
}
res = ctx->status == THREAD_BUSY ? true : false;
return res;
}
bool
fsearch_thread_pool_wait_for_thread(FsearchThreadPool *pool, GList *thread) {
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = thread->data;
g_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
while (fsearch_thread_pool_task_is_busy(pool, thread)) {
g_debug("[thread_pool] busy, waiting...");
g_cond_wait(&ctx->finished_cond, &ctx->mutex);
g_debug("[thread_pool] continue...");
}
g_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
return true;
}
uint32_t
fsearch_thread_pool_get_num_threads(FsearchThreadPool *pool) {
g_return_val_if_fail(pool, 0);
return pool->num_threads;
}
bool
fsearch_thread_pool_push_data(FsearchThreadPool *pool,
GList *thread,
FsearchThreadPoolFunc thread_func,
gpointer thread_data) {
if (!pool || !thread || !thread_func || !thread_data) {
return false;
}
if (!thread_pool_has_thread(pool, thread)) {
return false;
}
FsearchThreadPoolContext *ctx = thread->data;
g_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
ctx->thread_func = thread_func;
ctx->thread_data = thread_data;
ctx->status = THREAD_BUSY;
g_cond_signal(&ctx->start_cond);
g_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
return true;
}
``` |
CG-1 (Carretera General 1) is a road of the Andorra Road Network that connects the capital, Andorra la Vella with La Seu d'Urgell to Alt Urgell. The workers of FHASA contributed to its construction. It is also called Carretera d'Espanya.
References
Roads in Andorra |
```xml
import { ResponsiveRadar } from '@nivo/radar'
import { generateWinesTastes } from '@nivo/generators'
import { useChart } from '../hooks'
const props = {
indexBy: 'taste',
margin: { top: 60, right: 80, bottom: 20, left: 80 },
}
export function Radar() {
const [data] = useChart(generateWinesTastes)
return <ResponsiveRadar {...data} {...props} />
}
``` |
Diesel and Dust is the sixth studio album by Australian rock band Midnight Oil, released in August 1987 by SPRINT Music label under Columbia Records. Diesel and Dust was produced by Warne Livesey and the band. It is a concept album about the struggles of Indigenous Australians and environmental causes, issues important to the band. It drew inspiration from the Blackfella/Whitefella Tour of remote Indigenous communities with the Warumpi Band and Gondwanaland in 1986. The album peaked at No. 1 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart for six weeks.
Diesel and Dust has been critically lauded since its release. Rolling Stone editors named it the best album of 1988 (the year of its United States release), and later ranked it the 13th greatest record of the 1980s. In October 2010, Diesel and Dust was listed at no.1 in the book, 100 Best Australian Albums. In December of 2021, the album was listed at no. 5 in Rolling Stone Australia's "200 Greatest Albums of All Time" countdown.
Background
Midnight Oil spent several months in mid-1986 on the Blackfella/Whitefella Tour of outback Australia with indigenous music groups Warumpi Band and Gondwanaland, playing to remote Aboriginal communities and seeing first hand the seriousness of the issues in health and living standards. The tour was criticised by some journalists for being a one-off event instead of a long-term attempt to build bridges between communities. The band was galvanised by the experiences and made them the basis of their next album, Diesel and Dust, which was released in August 1987 and produced by Warne Livesey and the band. The album focused on the need for recognition by white Australia of past injustices involving the Aboriginal nation and the need for reconciliation. Peter Gifford left the band before the album's release due to extensive touring schedules, and was replaced on bass guitar by Bones Hillman, formerly of The Swingers. The track "Gunbarrel Highway" was not included on the United States version of the album, reportedly, because the line "shit falls like rain on a world that is brown" was deemed too offensive for US audiences.
Diesel and Dust peaked at No. 1 on the Australian albums charts for six weeks, No. 21 on the US Billboard 200 in 1988, and No. 19 on the UK Albums Chart. "Beds Are Burning" was their biggest international hit single, peaking at No. 6 in Australia, No. 17 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. "The Dead Heart" peaked at No. 4 in Australia, and charted on the Hot 100 and in the UK. "Put Down that Weapon" also charted in Australia, while "Dreamworld" charted on Billboard'''s Mainstream Rock Tracks and at No. 16 on its Modern Rock Tracks.
At the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) 1988 Awards ceremony, Midnight Oil won "Best Cover Art" for Diesel and Dust. The album cover was designed by photographer Ken Duncan (b.1954, Mildura, VIC) and visual artist Wart (also known as Jen Waterhouse) (b.1958, Geelong, VIC). It also won "Best Single" and "Best Song" for "Beds Are Burning". A fracas developed between Gary Morris, their manager who was accepting awards for Midnight Oil, and former Countdown compere Ian Meldrum who was presenting: Meldrum objected to Morris making political commentary from the podium.
There were concerns about Diesel and Dust and Midnight Oil's attempts to express indigenous issues to white urban audiences – namely, the question "who holds the power to tell whose history?" The lyrics of "The Dead Heart" tell the story of colonisation from an indigenous point of view, but some critics felt they reinforced the "primitive" stereotype. Use of the bullroarer was criticised as belonging to sacred rituals, and therefore not appropriate for rock songs. "The Dead Heart" had been written in response to a request by organisers of the 1985 ceremony to return control of Uluru to its indigenous caretakers; Midnight Oil originally resisted being added to a concert bill that they believed should contain indigenous groups, but the organisers insisted, arguing that the band would reach a wider audience within the predominantly Caucasian urban centres. Midnight Oil requested that all royalties from the song go to indigenous communities. In addition, two indigenous groups, Warumpi Band and Gondwanaland, toured with them.
Following the 1988 American tour in support of Diesel and Dust with Australian band Yothu Yindi, Midnight Oil launched the Burning Bridges album with various artists contributing, including Paul Kelly, Scrap Metal, Coloured Stone, Hunters & Collectors, James Reyne, The Saints, Crowded House, and INXS. All sales proceeds were donated to the National Coalition of Aboriginal Organisations.
During 1989 to 1993 and 1998 to 2002, Peter Garrett, the band's lead singer, was the President of the Australian Conservation Foundation, whilst during 1993 to 1998 he was on the International Board of Greenpeace. In 1990 Midnight Oil played an impromptu lunchtime set in front of Exxon headquarters in New York with a banner reading, "Midnight Oil Makes You Dance, Exxon Oil Makes Us Sick," protesting the Exxon Valdez oil spill the previous year.
"Arctic World" was written by Jim Moginie and Peter Garrett and runs for 4 minutes, 21 seconds. The song is about mining and oil drilling in Greenland and Alaska, and was meant to bring attention to the harmful effects these activities have on the environment.Midnight Oil#International success and activism: 1985–2002
Reception
According to Australian rock music historian Ian McFarlane, Midnight Oil "reached the peak of its powers with the release of the groundbreaking Diesel and Dust''... [it] is arguably one of the greatest Australian albums of all time. Powerful, dynamic and passionate songs like 'Beds are Burning', 'Put Down that Weapon', 'Dreamworld', 'The Dead Heart' and 'Sell My Soul' were statements of intent and a call to action backed by the strength of their convictions". Mark Deming of AllMusic called the record "an artistic success and a triumph for leftist politics" which "makes clear that the bandmembers could apply their intelligence and passion to less aggressive material and still come up with forceful, compelling music".
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Personnel
Midnight Oil
Peter Garrett – lead vocals and backing vocals
Peter Gifford – bass and backing vocals
Robert Hirst – drums, drum machine and backing vocals
Jim Moginie – guitars, synthesizers, backing vocals and string arrangements
Martin Rotsey – guitars
Additional musicians
Glad Reed - trombone
John Ockwell - cello
Jeremy Smith - French horn
Production
Midnight Oil - production
Warne Livesey - production, additional keyboards
Guy Gray - engineering
Greg Henderson - engineering (6)
Gary Morris - management (credited as "facilitator")
References
External links
Midnight Oil
1987 albums
Midnight Oil albums
Columbia Records albums
Sprint Music albums
Albums produced by Warne Livesey
ARIA Award-winning albums
Concept albums |
Florence Lisa Resnikoff ( Herman; 1920–2013) was an American artist and educator in the fields of metals and jewelry.
Early life and education
Florence Lisa Herman was born in 1920 in Fort Worth, Texas. She began making jewelry in 1948 while attending the Ox-Bow Summer School of Painting, affiliated with the Art Institute of Chicago, in Saugatuck, Michigan.
In 1951, she was a founding member of the Metal Arts Guild of San Francisco, an organization led by Margaret De Patta. She received her Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.) degree in 1967 in sculpture from the California College of Arts and Crafts (now California College of the Arts); and an M.A. degree in 1973 from San Jose State University. She had studied under Bob Winston at the California College of Arts and Crafts.
Career
Resnikoff's early designs were cast or constructed designs that followed the principles of the modernistsmaterials and function defined the character of the piece. However, unlike the modernists, she rejected simplicity and often added embellishments, ornaments, and bright colors. She developed as an artist, mastering different techniques such as electroforming, anodizing, plique-à-jour, keum-boo, and mokume-gane, working with gold, silver, platinum, pewter, copper, bronze, titanium, and niobium. She used these different techniques to pursue her lifelong interest in color, employing enamel, patinas, cast resins and more to expand her palette. Her unusual combinations of metals and gemstones are a defining characteristic of her work.
In the mid-1960s, Resnikoff became interested in other metals and larger forms, leading her to undergo formal training in sculpture. While her jewelry was gaining notoriety, appearing in many shows across the country, Resnikoff moved away from working with precious stones and pursued her development as a metalsmith. After moving back to California in 1965, she resumed her education, and received a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts to study electroforming techniques and their application to jewelry and metalsmithing. This led her to concentrate more on metal in combinations with bronze, silver, and copper.
In 1973, Resnikoff began teaching at the California College of Arts and Crafts in the Jewelry Metal Arts Program, becoming Program Head in 1980. She retired as Professor Emerita in 1989.
Work
Resnikoff's work can be found in the permanent collections of the City and County of San Francisco, the Oakland Museum of California, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Museum of Arts and Design in New York.
Teaching
Resnikoff taught at California College of the Arts, where she was head of the metal arts program, from 1977 to 1989.
Personal life
Resnikoff was married to her husband, George J. Resnikoff, for 50 years before he died in 1994. The family moved in the 1950s to Palo Alto, California. She has one son, Carl Resnikoff.
References
External links
1920 births
2013 deaths
American jewellers
American jewelry designers
California College of the Arts faculty
20th-century American sculptors
American women sculptors
20th-century American women artists
American women academics
21st-century American women
Women jewellers
Artists from Palo Alto, California |
Viriato Alberto Fiallo Rodríguez (28 October 1895 – 4 October 1983) was a Dominican physician and politician.
Life
Viriato Fiallo was the son of Alberto Fiallo Cabral and Ramona Rodríguez Germes (daughter of Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta, a member of the junta that came to power in 1876). In 1920 he married his cousin Prudencia Fiallo Lluberes (daughter of his uncle, the poet Fabio Fiallo Cabral), with whom he had two children: Fabio Alberto & Rafael Arístides Fiallo Fiallo. He was a cousin of the fashion designer Óscar de la Renta Fiallo.
Viriato Fiallo emerged as a great leader in the fall of tyranny when he played the anti-Trujillo feelings and was exalted by their struggles and pristine behavior. Before, he had been known superficially. He had been a physician in the mills of the Vicini family and had chaired the Dominican-German Committee.
Fiallo was jailed several times for being an outspoken opponent of the regime of Trujillo, following the death of dictator he founded the National Civic Union (UCN), as a nonpartisan movement whose main objective movement was the oust of the Trujillo family and their associates, converting later the UCN movement into a political party with a view to the presidential elections of 1962. He participates as a candidate for the Presidency of the Republic, in a campaign without precedent in the country in which the masses of the country turned to political activism.
1895 births
1983 deaths
Dominican Republic people of Canarian descent
Dominican Republic people of Portuguese descent
Dominican Republic medical doctors
Dominican Republic politicians
Dominican Republic prisoners and detainees
People from Azua Province
Candidates for President of the Dominican Republic
20th-century physicians
White Dominicans |
Buechenegg Pass (el. ) is a mountain pass in the Albis range in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It connects Langnau am Albis and Tägerst, on the road from Aeugst am Albis to Stallikon. The western ramp and crest of the pass is in the municipality of Stallikon, with the eastern ramp in Langnau. A walking trail follows the ridge-line of the Albis range and connects Buechenegg with Felsenegg and Uetliberg, to the north, and the Albis Pass to the south.
References
Mountain passes of Switzerland
Mountain passes of the canton of Zürich |
Hesperian Press is a locally owned and operated book publisher located in Perth, Western Australia.
Peter Bridge first published technical material in 1969.
The business of Hesperian Press in its current format started in 1979. The Press republishes out of print books together with new texts, as can be seen from the catalogue.
It has also published facsimiles of early out-of-print Western Australian books, and the writings of early Australian explorers.
It continues to produce otherwise difficult to trace items.
Notes
External links
Hesperian Press on AustLit
Book publishing companies of Australia
Western Australian literature |
The Potter House is a historic building located in Rock Island, Illinois, United States. It was designated a Rock Island Landmark in 1987, listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, and the house was included as a contributing property in the Broadway Historic District in 1998.
Minnie Potter
The home was built by Minnie Potter who was the president of J.W. Potter Company, which owned the Rock Island Argus newspaper. Her husband had bought the newspaper in 1882 when it had only 500 subscribers. He died at the age of 36 in 1898. Minnie was 32 at the time and a mother of three young children. She took over the leadership of the paper and raised her family. She never remarried. The Argus prospered under her leadership and she directed the construction of a new newspaper plant on Fourth Avenue in 1925. Mrs. Potter had the home built in 1907 and lived there until her death, and the home remained in the family until 1983. The Potter family sold the newspaper in 1985.
Architecture
The home was designed by Rock Island architect George Stauduhar in the Colonial Revival style. It also includes elements of the Prairie School style. The Colonial Revival style is found in the main façade’s symmetry, door sidelights, the elliptical fanlight above the door, and in the multiple panes of glass of the upper sashes on the windows. Many of the widows, however, are characteristic of the Prairie style. They have a larger sash with a single pane of glass and are topped with a smaller upper sash. The exterior of the house is covered in stucco. The texture on the lower half of the wall is rough, while the top is smoother. The interior features leather embossed wall coverings in the front entrance, a grand central staircase, mahogany paneling, stained glass, and six fireplaces.
References
Houses completed in 1907
Colonial Revival architecture in Illinois
Buildings and structures in Rock Island, Illinois
Rock Island Landmark
National Register of Historic Places in Rock Island County, Illinois
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Houses in Rock Island County, Illinois
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Illinois |
```forth
*> \brief \b SDOT
*
* =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
*
* Online html documentation available at
* path_to_url
*
* Definition:
* ===========
*
* REAL FUNCTION SDOT(N,SX,INCX,SY,INCY)
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
* INTEGER INCX,INCY,N
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
* REAL SX(*),SY(*)
* ..
*
*
*> \par Purpose:
* =============
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> SDOT forms the dot product of two vectors.
*> uses unrolled loops for increments equal to one.
*> \endverbatim
*
* Arguments:
* ==========
*
*> \param[in] N
*> \verbatim
*> N is INTEGER
*> number of elements in input vector(s)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] SX
*> \verbatim
*> SX is REAL array, dimension ( 1 + ( N - 1 )*abs( INCX ) )
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] INCX
*> \verbatim
*> INCX is INTEGER
*> storage spacing between elements of SX
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] SY
*> \verbatim
*> SY is REAL array, dimension ( 1 + ( N - 1 )*abs( INCY ) )
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] INCY
*> \verbatim
*> INCY is INTEGER
*> storage spacing between elements of SY
*> \endverbatim
*
* Authors:
* ========
*
*> \author Univ. of Tennessee
*> \author Univ. of California Berkeley
*> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver
*> \author NAG Ltd.
*
*> \ingroup dot
*
*> \par Further Details:
* =====================
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> jack dongarra, linpack, 3/11/78.
*> modified 12/3/93, array(1) declarations changed to array(*)
*> \endverbatim
*>
* =====================================================================
REAL FUNCTION SDOT(N,SX,INCX,SY,INCY)
*
* -- Reference BLAS level1 routine --
* -- Reference BLAS is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
* -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INCX,INCY,N
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
REAL SX(*),SY(*)
* ..
*
* =====================================================================
*
* .. Local Scalars ..
REAL STEMP
INTEGER I,IX,IY,M,MP1
* ..
* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
INTRINSIC MOD
* ..
STEMP = 0.0e0
SDOT = 0.0e0
IF (N.LE.0) RETURN
IF (INCX.EQ.1 .AND. INCY.EQ.1) THEN
*
* code for both increments equal to 1
*
*
* clean-up loop
*
M = MOD(N,5)
IF (M.NE.0) THEN
DO I = 1,M
STEMP = STEMP + SX(I)*SY(I)
END DO
IF (N.LT.5) THEN
SDOT=STEMP
RETURN
END IF
END IF
MP1 = M + 1
DO I = MP1,N,5
STEMP = STEMP + SX(I)*SY(I) + SX(I+1)*SY(I+1) +
$ SX(I+2)*SY(I+2) + SX(I+3)*SY(I+3) + SX(I+4)*SY(I+4)
END DO
ELSE
*
* code for unequal increments or equal increments
* not equal to 1
*
IX = 1
IY = 1
IF (INCX.LT.0) IX = (-N+1)*INCX + 1
IF (INCY.LT.0) IY = (-N+1)*INCY + 1
DO I = 1,N
STEMP = STEMP + SX(IX)*SY(IY)
IX = IX + INCX
IY = IY + INCY
END DO
END IF
SDOT = STEMP
RETURN
*
* End of SDOT
*
END
``` |
```scss
@import "../scss/styles.scss";
body {
min-width: 0px !important;
}
``` |
Freda Violet Lingstrom OBE (23 July 1893 – 15 April 1989) was a BBC Television producer and executive, responsible for pioneering children's programmes in the early 1950s. She and her friend Maria Bird together created Andy Pandy and The Flower Pot Men.
Early life and career
Lingstrom was born in Chelsea, London, the daughter of George Lingstrom, a copperplate engraver, and Alice Clarey Anniss. Her paternal grandparents were Swedish. She attended the Central School of Arts and Crafts and became an artist.
Lingstrom gained her first job at Alf Cooke's London works as a designer, where she stayed for 15 months. After periods at Carlton Studios and Norfolk, Lingstrom decided in 1922 to work on her own. Her first clients were railway companies, including the London and North Eastern Railway, the Underground Group and the Norwegian state railway. The Norwegian and Swedish government commissioned her to design Scandinavian travel material for the English market.
Lingstrom also wrote two novels, The Seventh Sister (1938) and A Flower in his Hand (1939), and a book, This is Norway (1933), about the country's culture and history. Her skills as a graphic designer, illustrator and author led to her joining the editorial staff of a children's magazine, Junior, where she worked from 1945 until 1949.
The BBC and Andy Pandy
In 1940, Lingstrom was hired by the BBC. In 1947, she became Assistant Head of BBC Schools Broadcasting and created the lunchtime programme Listen with Mother. She was asked by the Head of Television Talks, Mary Adams, to create a programme for an experimental slot aimed at very young children and called For The Very Young. Eventually, Lingstrom and Maria Bird set up Westerham Arts (named after Westerham, where they lived) to produce the first pre-filmed version of their Andy Pandy. Lingstrom and Bird wrote the scripts and Bird composed the music. A chance meeting on a train introduced Lingstrom to Audrey Atterbury, who was persuaded to study under the puppeteer John Wright of the Little Angel Theatre in London.
In June 1950, production began on Andy Pandy, which began a trial broadcast of four live episodes on 11 July. After several episodes, Andy was joined by Teddy and Looby Loo, while Molly Gibson joined the small team to help Audrey perform with the puppets. The show was narrated by Maria Bird, as were all the 1950s black-and-white original Watch With Mother episodes. The songs were performed by Gladys Whitred, with Maria Bird on piano.
Directorship
Lingstrom was appointed director of BBC Children's Television in 1951, and the following year the slot for pre-school children was renamed Watch with Mother. Westerham Arts eventually created four different programmes for weekdays with Flower Pot Men, The Woodentops, and Rag, Tag and Bobtail. Picture Book was also commissioned so that there was a different programme for each weekday.
Lingstrom commissioned a wide range of programmes, including high-quality drama as well as entertainment programmes such as Crackerjack and those featuring Harry Corbett and Sooty. She gave Johnny Morris his first TV appearances as The Hot Chestnut Man (1953–1961). Her programmes was in the tradition of Lord Reith, which meant they were aimed at education as much as entertainment. She resisted cartoons and imported programmes. Although the programmes were widely approved of by adults, the launch of ITV in 1955 soon made it clear that many children wanted something different. The ratings for the BBC's children's programmes plummeted over the following year, when Lingstrom was replaced as Head of BBC Children's Television by Owen Reed. In retrospect Lingstrom's programmes have been seen professionally as "cosy and slightly over-protective in tone". Her last writing credit was a twelve-part adaptation of Charles Dickens' Our Mutual Friend, broadcast on BBC One in late 1958.
Personal life
Lingstrom lived in Chartwell Cottage, Mapleton Lane, Chartwell, near Westerham in Kent, with Maria Bird, a close friend and co-creator of her TV characters. Bird died around 1979 following surgery for a broken hip operation. Both had lost fiancés in the First World War. After working for the BBC, she continued to write books for children and on art criticism. She died at her home in Chartwell in 1989, aged 95. Her estate still controls the rights to Andy Pandy and Flowerpot Men.
Written works
This is Norway (1933)
The Seventh Sister (1938)
A Flower in his Hand (1939)
Beggar's Fiddle (1948)
Nicolas and Antoinette (1949)
The Seeing Eye. How to look at natural and man-made things with pleasure and understanding (1960)*
Richard's Wheel (1961)
Further reading
References
1893 births
1989 deaths
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
Artists from London
BBC people
British women television writers
Educational broadcasting in the United Kingdom
English people of Swedish descent
Officers of the Order of the British Empire |
Debiganj () is an upazila of Panchagarh District in the Division of Rangpur, Bangladesh.
Geography
Debiganj Upazila is located at . It has 31532 households and total area 309.04 km2.
It is bounded by Boda and Panchagarh sadar upazilas on the north, Birganj, Khansama and Nilphamari sadar upazilas on the south, Domar upazila and West Bengal state of India on the east, Thakurgaon sadar and Boda upazilas on the west.
Demographics
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Debiganj has a population of 159902. Males constitute 51.02% of the population, and females 48.98%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 77660. Debiganj has an average literacy rate of 24.8% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.
Administration
Debiganj Thana was formed in 1928 and it was turned into an upazila on 28 March 1983.
The Upazila is divided into ten union parishads: Chengthi Hazradanga, Chilahati, Dandopal, Debiduba, Debiganj, Pamuli, Shaldanga, Sonahar Mollikadaha, Sundardighi, and Tepriganj. The union parishads are subdivided into 108 mauzas and 101 villages.
Education
Nripendra Narayan Government High School, founded in 1906, is a notable secondary school in the upazila.
Debiganj Alodini Government Girls High School is a secondary government high school here. It also has a reputed college. Overall Debiganj has 68 govt and non-govt high schools and 10 colleges. Some of them are -
Sonahar Girls High School
Sonahar High School
Khariza Sonahar High School
Saldanga High School
TZ High School
Debigonj Girls' High School
Debigonj Pailot High School.
References
Upazilas of Panchagarh District |
Al Mighlaf District is a district of the Al Hudaydah Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 39,436 inhabitants.
References
Districts of Al Hudaydah Governorate |
Peter Werner Schutz (April 20, 1930 – October 29, 2017) was the president and CEO of Porsche between 1981 and 1987, a time in which the company greatly expanded sales, primarily in the United States. He was a motivational speaker and co-founder of Harris and Schutz Inc., with his wife Sheila Harris-Schutz.
Early life and career
Peter Schutz was born to Jewish parents in Berlin, Germany. The rise of the Nazi party led to the family fleeing to Havana, Cuba in 1937. In March 1939 they emigrated to Chicago, Illinois. Schutz grew up in Chicago, and received a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology.
After graduation, Schutz worked as an engineer at Caterpillar Tractor in Peoria, Illinois for 15 years. He left Caterpillar for Cummins Engine, where he served 11 years, initially in corporate strategic planning, and then 8 years as vice president responsible for sales and service of truck engines in the U.S. and Canada. During this time he worked with freight hauling companies to improve their profitability, instituting driver performance measures. Profits surged, and the Teamsters invited Schutz to speak at their 1976 convention. When Cummins management questioned his decision to accept the appearance, he left the company. In 1978 he took over the Deutz Engine Division of Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz.
Porsche years
In 1980 Porsche suffered its first money-losing year in history, much of the problem due to falling sales in the U.S. and lackluster takeup of their new designs, the 924 and 928. Porsche removed long-time CEO Ernst Fuhrmann and started looking for a replacement. Ferry Porsche personally invited Schutz to apply as one of 12 potential candidates for the position. Porsche told Schutz that the company was simply not working as a unit, and needed someone to bring the various divisions together. Although it was never specifically stated, it was widely believed that Schutz was selected in order to have an American running the company to re-ignite sales in the U.S.
Schutz responded to the challenges rapidly. Dealers complained that the prices were too high and the cars had constant quality control problems; Schutz decided the former was only a problem due to the latter. Asking the automobile division, he found that a simple problem with the drive chain for the camshafts was the cause for many of these complaints. When he asked why the problem had not been fixed, he was told that there was no reason to do so; the 911 was ending production in favor of the 924 and 928.
Cancellation of the 911 was also causing low morale in the engineering department, where the 911 was seen as the quintessential Porsche. While sitting in the office of , chief of engineering, he noticed a chart that showed the evolution of the 924, 928 and 911 on the wall. The line for the 911 stopped at the end of 1981. Schutz picked up a marker, extended the 911's line off the end of the chart onto the wall, and told Bott to make it happen. In the meantime he had the camshaft and other minor fixes implemented, quickly ending the quality control issues.
Meanwhile, the Porsche racing team was in the process of entering 24 Hours of Le Mans with modified 924s, which they stated had no hope of winning. Schutz said that they were either going to the race with the intention of winning, or not going at all. The engineers responded by pulling three 936's from museum displays, equipping them with experimental engines developed for Indy Car racing, and winning the race. This was followed by the 956 that dominated Le Mans in and 1000 km Nürburgring in 1983, and the all-wheel-drive 953, which won the Paris-Dakar Rally in 1984 and the 959 in 1986.
Under Schutz's new orders, Bott started process of dramatically improving the 911. The result was the 3.2 litre third-generation Carrera series of 1984. He also used the new 911 engine as the basis for an aircraft engine, the ill-fated Porsche PFM 3200. Racing success, improved models and, most importantly, a strong U.S. economy and exchange rate all fed into ever-increasing sales through the mid-1980s. During the Schutz tenure, Porsche worldwide sales grew from 28,000 units in 1980-81 to a peak of 53,000 units in 1986.
When the U.S. economy suffered a major downturn in 1987, coupled with a dramatic drop in the US-German exchange rate, U.S. street prices of the Porsche lineup increased dramatically. Production for all models dropped to 48,520 cars and U.S. sales, earlier making up over 60% of Porsche sales, dropped to under half of output. In December, Porsche announced that Schutz was being replaced by , who was later replaced by and, consequently, by Wendelin Wiedeking.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Peter Schutz, autobiography on www.harrisandschutzinc.com
Serge Schmemann, "American to Depart As Head of Porsche", The New York Times, 17 December 1987
Randy Leffingwell and David Newhardt, "Porsche 911", MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 2005,
Tony Corlett, "Porsche 911 3.2 Carrera: The Last of the Evolution", Veloce Publishing, 2005,
1930 births
2017 deaths
American chief executives in the automobile industry
Porsche people
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni |
The Maupiti monarch (Pomarea maupitiensis) was a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It was endemic to the island of Maupiti in the Society Islands (French Polynesia). The Maupiti monarch became extinct shortly after the type specimen was collected in 1823 by the French Navy officer Jules de Blosseville. At the time of its collection, it was unknown to zoologists.
Taxonomy and systematics
The Tahiti monarch was originally described in the genus Muscicapa. The Maupiti monarch was formerly considered conspecific with the Tahiti monarch until the species was split in 2012. The Maupiti monarch was formerly referred to by the scientific name Pomarea pomarea (Lesson & Garnot, 1828), but that name turns out to be a junior synonym of P. nigra (Sparrman, 1785), necessitating changing the Maupiti monarch's scientific name to P. maupitiensis (Garnot, 1829).
Notes
References
Pomarea
Birds described in 1829
Taxa named by Prosper Garnot
Extinct birds of Oceania
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Birds of the Society Islands
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
University of Illinois may refer to:
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (flagship campus)
University of Illinois Chicago
University of Illinois Springfield
University of Illinois system
It can also refer to:
Illinois Fighting Illini, the athletic teams of the Urbana–Champaign campus
Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball
Illinois Fighting Illini football |
```smalltalk
namespace Gma.QrCodeNet.Encoding.Masking;
internal class Pattern7 : Pattern
{
public override MaskPatternType MaskPatternType => MaskPatternType.Type7;
public override bool this[int i, int j]
{
get => (((i * j) % 3) + (((i + j) % 2) % 2)) == 0;
set => throw new NotSupportedException();
}
}
``` |
StompTown Revival is the first extended play from StompTown Revival. Save the City Records released the EP on October 2, 2012.
Critical reception
Argyrakis writes, "some serious 'spiritual stomp.'" Cummings calls "a breath of fresh air". Roberts comments "finally brought something fresh to the table." Weaver states "[they] have teamed together to forge a sound that sounds classically American, but yet new and refreshing". Caldwell says "this EP feels like a palate cleanser from over-produced and same-sounding worship music." Sheads responds "every track on StompTown Revival's EP oozes with authenticity and soul." Dalton affirms "That fondness gives them a unique sound among Christian artists." Davies replies "Brilliant stuff."
Track listing
Chart performance
References
2012 EPs |
```html
{# TEMPLATE VAR SETTINGS #}
{%- set url_root = pathto('', 1) %}
{%- if url_root == '#' %}{% set url_root = '' %}{% endif %}
{%- if not embedded and docstitle %}
{%- set titlesuffix = " — "|safe + docstitle|e %}
{%- else %}
{%- set titlesuffix = "" %}
{%- endif %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
{{ metatags }}
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
{% block htmltitle %}
<title>{{ title|striptags|e }}{{ titlesuffix }}</title>
{% endblock %}
{# FAVICON #}
{% if favicon %}
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ pathto('_static/' + favicon, 1) }}"/>
{% endif %}
{# CANONICAL URL #}
{% if theme_canonical_url %}
<link rel="canonical" href="{{ theme_canonical_url }}{{ pagename }}.html"/>
{% endif %}
{# CSS #}
{# OPENSEARCH #}
{% if not embedded %}
{% if use_opensearch %}
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="{% trans docstitle=docstitle|e %}Search within {{ docstitle }}{% endtrans %}" href="{{ pathto('_static/opensearch.xml', 1) }}"/>
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{# RTD hosts this file, so just load on non RTD builds #}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/' + style, 1) }}" type="text/css" />
{% for cssfile in css_files %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto(cssfile, 1) }}" type="text/css" />
{% endfor %}
{% for cssfile in extra_css_files %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto(cssfile, 1) }}" type="text/css" />
{% endfor %}
{%- block linktags %}
{%- if hasdoc('about') %}
<link rel="author" title="{{ _('About these documents') }}"
href="{{ pathto('about') }}"/>
{%- endif %}
{%- if hasdoc('genindex') %}
<link rel="index" title="{{ _('Index') }}"
href="{{ pathto('genindex') }}"/>
{%- endif %}
{%- if hasdoc('search') %}
<link rel="search" title="{{ _('Search') }}" href="{{ pathto('search') }}"/>
{%- endif %}
{%- if hasdoc('copyright') %}
{%- endif %}
<link rel="top" title="{{ docstitle|e }}" href="{{ pathto('index') }}"/>
{%- if parents %}
<link rel="up" title="{{ parents[-1].title|striptags|e }}" href="{{ parents[-1].link|e }}"/>
{%- endif %}
{%- if next %}
<link rel="next" title="{{ next.title|striptags|e }}" href="{{ next.link|e }}"/>
{%- endif %}
{%- if prev %}
<link rel="prev" title="{{ prev.title|striptags|e }}" href="{{ prev.link|e }}"/>
{%- endif %}
{%- endblock %}
{%- block extrahead %} {% endblock %}
{# Keep modernizr in head - path_to_url#installing #}
<script src="{{ pathto('_static/js/modernizr.min.js', 1) }}"></script>
</head>
<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
{% block extrabody %} {% endblock %}
<div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
{# SIDE NAV, TOGGLES ON MOBILE #}
<nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
<div class="wy-side-scroll">
<div class="wy-side-nav-search">
{% block sidebartitle %}
{% if logo and theme_logo_only %}
<a href="{{ pathto('index') }}">
{% else %}
<a href="{{ pathto('index') }}" class="icon icon-home"> {{ project }}
{% endif %}
{% if logo %}
{# Not strictly valid HTML, but it's the only way to display/scale it properly, without weird scripting or heaps of work #}
<img src="{{ pathto('_static/' + logo, 1) }}" class="logo" />
{% endif %}
</a>
{% include "searchbox.html" %}
{% endblock %}
</div>
<div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
{% block menu %}
{#
The singlehtml builder doesn't handle this toctree call when the
toctree is empty. Skip building this for now.
#}
{% if 'singlehtml' not in builder %}
{% set global_toc = toctree(maxdepth=theme_navigation_depth|int, collapse=theme_collapse_navigation, includehidden=True) %}
{% endif %}
{% if global_toc %}
{{ global_toc }}
{% else %}
<!-- Local TOC -->
<div class="local-toc">{{ toc }}</div>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
</div>
{% if theme_display_version %}
{%- set nav_version = version %}
{% if READTHEDOCS and current_version %}
{%- set nav_version = current_version %}
{% endif %}
{% if nav_version %}
<div class="version">
{{ nav_version }}
</div>
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
</div>
</nav>
<section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
{# MOBILE NAV, TRIGGLES SIDE NAV ON TOGGLE #}
<nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
{% block mobile_nav %}
<i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
<a href="{{ pathto('index') }}">{{ project }}</a>
{% endblock %}
</nav>
{# PAGE CONTENT #}
<div class="wy-nav-content">
<div class="rst-content">
{% include "breadcrumbs.html" %}
<div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="path_to_url">
<div itemprop="articleBody">
{% block body %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<div class="articleComments">
{% block comments %}{% endblock %}
</div>
</div>
{% include "footer.html" %}
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
{% include "versions.html" %}
{% if not embedded %}
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT:'{{ url_root }}',
VERSION:'{{ release|e }}',
COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
FILE_SUFFIX:'{{ '' if no_search_suffix else file_suffix }}',
HAS_SOURCE: {{ has_source|lower }},
SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '{{ sourcelink_suffix }}'
};
</script>
{%- for scriptfile in script_files %}
<script type="text/javascript" src="{{ pathto(scriptfile, 1) }}"></script>
{%- endfor %}
{% endif %}
{# RTD hosts this file, so just load on non RTD builds #}
{% if not READTHEDOCS %}
<script type="text/javascript" src="{{ pathto('_static/js/theme.js', 1) }}"></script>
{% endif %}
{# STICKY NAVIGATION #}
{% if theme_sticky_navigation %}
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(function () {
SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
});
</script>
{% endif %}
{%- block footer %} {% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
``` |
```java
package com.luseen.spacenavigationview;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import java.util.List;
public class RecyclerAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
private List<String> colorList;
private RecyclerClickListener recyclerClickListener;
public RecyclerAdapter(List<String> colorList) {
this.colorList = colorList;
}
@Override
public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,
int viewType) {
View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(
R.layout.simple_view, parent, false);
return new RecyclerViewHolder(v);
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(final RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
String color = colorList.get(position);
((RecyclerViewHolder) holder).itemView1.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor(color));
((RecyclerViewHolder) holder).itemView1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (recyclerClickListener != null) {
recyclerClickListener.onClick(holder.getAdapterPosition());
}
}
});
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return colorList.size();
}
public static class RecyclerViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
RelativeLayout itemView1;
public RecyclerViewHolder(View v) {
super(v);
itemView1 = (RelativeLayout) itemView.findViewById(R.id.relative_layout);
}
}
public void setRecyclerClickListener(RecyclerClickListener recyclerClickListener) {
this.recyclerClickListener = recyclerClickListener;
}
public interface RecyclerClickListener {
void onClick(int position);
}
}
``` |
A Witch Without a Broom is a 1967 Spanish film starring Jeffrey Hunter. It was directed by José María Elorrieta.
Cast
External links
A Witch Without a Broom at TCMDB
1967 films
Spanish fantasy comedy films
1960s Spanish-language films
Films produced by Sidney W. Pink
Films directed by José María Elorrieta
Films shot in Madrid
1960s Spanish films
1960s fantasy comedy films |
Thomas Boghardt is a senior historian at the US Army Center of Military History. Prior to this post, he served as the historian at the International Spy Museum in Washington, D.C., and, formerly, as a Thyssen fellow at Georgetown University. He studied at Oxford University, St. Antony's College, where he received Ph.D. in European History in 1998.
Principal publications
Spies of the Kaiser, Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.
Zimmerman Telegram: Intelligence, Diplomacy, and America's Entry into World War I, Naval Institute Press, 2012.
Notes
American military historians
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American historians
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Upper North Philadelphia is a section of Philadelphia that is immediately north of Lower North Philadelphia, and can be described as an area that has a "...large and rapidly growing Puerto Rican population".
According to the planning commission, Upper North Philadelphia officially consists of the Allegheny West, Fairhill, Glenwood, Hunting Park, and Nicetown-Tioga neighborhoods. Bounded by York Street to the south, Front Street to the east, Roosevelt Expressway to the north, and Ridge Avenue to the west.
Demographics
The demographics of Upper North Philadelphia shows that the area has a population density of 12,241 people per mile with an average household size of 3 and 37% of households had children. There is a 17% annual residential turnover rate with 47% of residents staying for more than 5 years, with an average of 6 years of residency. The majority of residents are African Americans and Puerto Ricans.
Racial demographics
Non-Hispanic Black: 106,559 (58.7%)
Hispanic or Latino of any race: 62,083 (34.2%)
Mixed or Other: 4,901 (2.7%)
Non-Hispanic White: 3,994 (2.2%)
Asian: 3,990 (2.2%)
References
Neighborhoods in Philadelphia |
Ernest "Hoppy" Rossi (May 27, 1903 – April 17, 1931) was an American gangster and friend and associate of Frankie Yale and Al Capone before he moved from Brooklyn to Chicago.
Early life
Ernest was born on May 27, 1903, to Pasquale Rossi and Anna Costa at 250 Mott Street. Immigration ship manifests show that his parents were recent immigrants to New York City from Naples, Italy.
Criminal career
According to police, Rossi had a long police record and was described as a "gangster and racketeer". He was a known follower of Frankie Yale and was a friend and associate of Al Capone when he lived in Brooklyn.
Rossi was described by police as having a police record "as long as your arm", and by August 1929, had been arrested four times without being convicted of a crime.
Death
On April 17, 1931, Rossi was shot and killed in a Cadillac bearing the license plate "2-Z-2950" as it was stopped in front of the home of Police Captain Lewis J. Valentine at 1650 68th Street in Brooklyn. Witnesses stated three reports, at first taken as engine backfires, were heard and then two men leaped from the rear seat and ran down 68th Street. When found, he was slumped over the steering wheel with six gunshot wounds, all from the rear. The motor of the car was still running with clutch disengaged and one rear door hanging open, indicating the car had come to a stop before the shooting.
There is disagreement over whether Rossi's murder was a reprisal killing for the murder of Joe Masseria, boss of what is now called the Genovese crime family, two days before. Rossi was not seen as an important enough figure to be a target, but some past associates of Frankie Yale were murdered after the Masseria murder.
An alternate explanation is that the murder was the result of a personal feud with Cattilo Grimaldi of 114 12th Street. Police believe Rossi had a hand in the shooting and wounding of Cattilo a month prior to his death.
References
1903 births
1931 deaths
Criminals from Manhattan
Prohibition-era gangsters
Murdered American gangsters of Italian descent
Deaths by firearm in Brooklyn
People murdered in New York City
Male murder victims
1931 murders in the United States
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Queens)
1931 in New York City |
Branislav "Bane" Trifunović (; born 16 January 1978), is a Serbian actor and film producer.
Trifunović made numerous award-winning appearances in films, including Goose Feather, A View from Eiffel Tower, Wait for Me and I Will Not Come, Here and There and Monument to Michael Jackson. He is also known for his active and prolific career on stage.
He voiced Boog in the Serbian dub of the Open Season franchise.
Personal life
Trifunović was born to Tomislav, an actor, and Slobodanka, a lawyer. His elder brother, Sergej (born 1972), is also an actor. In 2007, he stated that it had taken a lot of effort to stop being referred as "Sergej Trifunović's younger brother". He is a FK Red Star supporter.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Branislav Trifunović at the Internet Movie Database
1978 births
Living people
People from Kruševac
Serbian male television actors
Serbian male film actors
Serbian male voice actors
Serbian male stage actors
Serbian film producers |
Märta Torén (21 May 1925 – 19 February 1957) was a Swedish stage and film actress of the 1940s and 1950s.
Biography
Torén's father was a Swedish military officer, and for three years, during World War II, he was a secretary in the Swedish war office.
After studying at the Stockholm Royal Dramatic Theater's Royal Dramatic Training Academy, Torén began her career on the stage and from 1947 she appeared in films. She appeared on the cover of the June 13 issue of Life Magazine in 1949.
Torén appeared in 11 American film productions during her brief career. One of her roles was opposite Humphrey Bogart in Sirocco (1951), and she also co-starred with Dana Andrews in Assignment – Paris! (1952).
Death
On 17 February 1957 she performed in a stage play at the Alle Theater in Stockholm. Later that evening, she became unconscious and was taken to the hospital. On 19 February 1957, Torén died from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 31.
Filmography
References
External links
1925 births
1957 deaths
Actresses from Stockholm
Swedish film actresses
Swedish stage actresses
20th-century Swedish actresses
Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
{(common/meta.html)}
</head>
<body class="fixed-sidebar full-height-layout gray-bg">
<div id="wrapper">
{(common/left_nav.html)}<!-- -->
<!---->
<div id="page-wrapper" class="gray-bg dashbard-1">
<div class="row" id="stat-view" style="display: none;">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div style="height:400px;padding-top:20px;" id="stat-area"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row J_mainContent">
<!-- content start -->
<div class="row content-header">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="pull-left">
<h4 class="head_title">WAF </h4>
</div>
<div class="pull-right">
<a id="stat-btn" data-show="true" class="btn btn-success" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:void(0);">
<i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i>
<span></span>
</a>
{(common/plugin-op.html)}
</div>
</div>
</div>
{(common/data-view-part.html)}
{(common/right-selector-rule-part.html)}
<!-- content end -->
</div>
</div><!---->
</div>
<script id="rule-item-tpl" type="text/template">
{@each rules as r, index}
<li data-id="${r.id}" {@if r.enable==true } class="info-element"{@/if}
{@if r.enable!=true } class="warning-element"{@/if}>
<table class="table table-hover single-rule-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="center rule-enable-td">
{@if r.enable==true }
<span class="label label-primary"></span>
{@/if}
{@if r.enable!=true }
<span class="label label-warning"></span>
{@/if}
</td>
<td class="rule-name-td">
<b class="namep">${r.name}</b>
</td>
<td class="left rule-condition-td">
<p>
<b></b>:
{@if r.judge.type==0 }
{@/if}
{@if r.judge.type==1 }
and
{@/if}
{@if r.judge.type==2 }
or
{@/if}
{@if r.judge.type==3 }
{@/if}
{@if r.judge.type==3 }
<br/><b></b>: ${r.judge.expression}
{@/if}
</p>
{@each r.judge.conditions as c, index}
<p class="conditionp">${c.type}: ${c.name} ${c.operator} ${c.value}</p>
{@/each}
</td>
<td class="left rule-urltmpl-td">
<b></b>: ${r.handle.perform}
<br/>
{@if r.handle.perform=="deny" }
: ${r.handle.code}<br/>
{@/if}
<b></b>: ${r.handle.stat}
<br/>
<b></b>: ${r.handle.log}
</td>
<td class="left" title="">
<small>${r.time}</small>
</td>
<td class="center rule-op-td">
<a class="btn btn-white btn-sm edit-btn" data-id="${r.id}" data-name="${r.name}"><i title="" class="fa fa-pencil"></i> </a>
<a class="btn btn-white btn-sm delete-btn" data-id="${r.id}" data-name="${r.name}"><i title="" class="fa fa-trash"></i></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
{@/each}
</script>
<script id="add-tpl" type="application/template">
<div id="rule-edit-area">
<form id="add-rule-form" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="input-name" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="rule-name" placeholder="">
</div>
</div><!-- name -->
<!-- add - start -->
{(common/condition-add.html)}
<!-- add - end -->
<div class="form-group handle-holder">
<label class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<select class="form-control" id="rule-handle-perform">
<option value="deny">deny</option>
<option value="allow">allow</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2 handle-code-hodler">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="rule-handle-code" value="403" placeholder="error code">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select class="form-control" id="rule-handle-log">
<option value="true"></option>
<option value="false"></option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select class="form-control" id="rule-handle-stat">
<option value="true"></option>
<option value="false"></option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-11">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" id="rule-enable">
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</script>
<script id="edit-tpl" type="application/template">
<div id="rule-edit-area">
<form id="edit-rule-form" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="input-name" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="rule-name" value="${r.name}" placeholder="">
</div>
</div><!-- name -->
<!-- edit - start -->
{(common/condition-edit.html)}
<!-- edit - end -->
<div class="form-group handle-holder">
<label class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<select class="form-control" id="rule-handle-perform">
<option value="deny" {@if r.handle.perform=="deny"} selected {@/if}>deny</option>
<option value="allow" {@if r.handle.perform=="allow"} selected {@/if}>allow</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2 handle-code-hodler" {@if r.handle.perform=="allow"} style="display:none;" {@/if} >
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="rule-handle-code" placeholder="error code" value="${r.handle.code}">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select class="form-control" id="rule-handle-log">
<option value="true" {@if r.handle.log==true} selected {@/if}>Log</option>
<option value="false" {@if r.handle.log==false} selected {@/if}>Not Log</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select class="form-control" id="rule-handle-stat">
<option value="true" {@if r.handle.stat==true} selected {@/if}>Stat</option>
<option value="false" {@if r.handle.stat==false} selected {@/if}>Not Stat</option>
</select>
</div>
</div><!-- handle log-->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-11">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input {@if r.enable==true} checked {@/if} type="checkbox" id="rule-enable">
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</script>
{(common/selector-item-tpl.html)}
{(common/selector-add.html)}
{(common/selector-edit.html)}
{(common/common_js.html)}<!-- js -->
<script src="/static/js/echarts3/echarts.common.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/js/waf.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
APP.Common.resetNav("nav-waf");
APP.WAF.init();
$(".sortable-list").sortable().disableSelection();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
``` |
Resident Evil is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom. Released for the GameCube video game console in 2002, it is a remake of the 1996 PlayStation game Resident Evil, the first installment in the Resident Evil video game series. The story takes place in 1998 near the fictional Midwestern town of Raccoon City where a series of bizarre murders have taken place. The player takes on the role of either Chris Redfield or Jill Valentine, S.T.A.R.S. officers sent in by the city and the R.P.D. to investigate the murders.
Resident Evil was developed over the course of one year and two months as part of an exclusivity deal between Capcom and Nintendo. It was directed by Shinji Mikami, who also designed and directed the original Resident Evil. Mikami decided to produce a remake because he felt that the original had not aged well enough and that the GameCube's capabilities could bring it closer to his original vision. The game retains the same graphical presentation, with 3D models superimposed over pre-rendered backgrounds. However, the quality of the graphics was vastly improved. The remake also features new gameplay mechanics, revised puzzles, additional explorable areas, a revised script, and new story details including an entire subplot cut from the original game.
Upon release, Resident Evil received acclaim from video game journalists, who praised its graphics and improved gameplay over the original game. It is often described as one of the best, scariest, and most visually impressive entries in the Resident Evil series. However, the game sold worse than expected, leading Capcom to change the direction of the series to a more action-oriented approach. In 2008, the game was ported to the Wii, featuring a new control system. In 2014, a high-definition remaster was released to critical and commercial success for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox 360, and Xbox One, then later for Nintendo Switch in 2019.
Gameplay
Resident Evil is a survival horror game where the player controls the on-screen character from a third-person perspective to interact with the environment. To advance, the player must explore a mansion and its surrounding areas while avoiding, outsmarting and defeating monsters including zombies and giant spiders. The player can open doors, push certain objects, climb obstacles, and pick up items. When an item is collected, it is stored in an inventory that the player can access at any time. Items in the inventory can be used, examined, and combined to solve puzzles and gain access to areas that were previously inaccessible. The inventory is limited to a certain number of slots, and the player must often move items from the inventory to storage boxes located in certain areas to manage space.
Although the player can use firearms to kill monsters, Resident Evil emphasizes evasion over fast-paced combat by providing the player with limited ammunition. The player has a limited amount of health, which decreases when attacked by monsters. Players can regain health by collecting and using herbs, which can be mixed with other herbs to increase their healing effect. Some monsters can also infect the player with a poisoning effect, which gradually depletes the player's health over time until the poison is cured with serum or special herbs. Zombies that are defeated but not beheaded or burned eventually revive and mutate into faster and deadlier forms.
The player can control either Chris Redfield or Jill Valentine, each with advantages and disadvantages. For example, Chris can take and deal more damage than Jill, but Jill can carry more items and unlock certain doors with a lock pick. Both characters can equip defensive weapons that can save them from taking damage when seized by an enemy. These defensive weapons include a dagger and a unique special weapon: Jill can use a taser, while Chris can shove stun grenades into zombies' mouths and detonate them with a pistol shot. Defensive weapons are limited and can only be used when the player is grabbed by a monster.
The game features an automap to help players navigate the different areas of the game. Additionally, the player can pick up maps of certain sections to reveal unexplored areas. To save their progress, players need to find ink ribbons and use them with a typewriter; the game features a limited supply of ink ribbons, so players cannot save their progress as many times as they want. The story is slightly altered by the character the player chooses to play as, and certain choices the player makes in the game can impact the direction of the game and its ending. Upon completing the game under a certain difficulty setting and time limit, the player may unlock secret costumes for the main characters, bonus weapons, and special difficulty modes.
Plot
On July 24, 1998, a series of bizarre murders occur on the outskirts of the Midwestern town of Raccoon City. The Raccoon City Police Department's Special Tactics And Rescue Service (S.T.A.R.S.) are assigned to investigate. After contact with Bravo Team is lost, Alpha Team is sent to investigate their disappearance. Alpha Team locates Bravo Team's crashed helicopter and land at the site, where they are attacked by a pack of monstrous dogs, killing one member of the team. After Alpha Team's helicopter pilot, Brad Vickers, panics and takes off alone, the remaining members (Chris Redfield, Jill Valentine, Albert Wesker and Barry Burton) seek refuge in an abandoned mansion, where they split up.
The player character (Chris or Jill) finds several members of Bravo Team, including Kenneth J. Sullivan being eaten by a zombie; Richard Aiken, who is either killed by a giant venomous snake or eaten by a shark; Forest Speyer, who is found dead and revived as a zombie; and Bravo Team leader Enrico Marini, who reveals that one of Alpha Team's members is a traitor before being killed by an unseen shooter. Bravo Team survivor Rebecca Chambers joins Chris. The player character learns that a series of illegal experiments were undertaken by a clandestine research team under the authority of a biomedical company Umbrella Corporation. The creatures roaming the mansion and its surrounding areas are the results of these experiments, which have exposed the mansion's personnel and animals to a highly contagious and mutagenic biological agent known as the T-virus.
The player character discovers a secret underground laboratory containing Umbrella's experiments. There, they find Jill or Chris in a cell and encounter Wesker programming a Tyrant, a humanoid bioweapon. Wesker reveals that he is a double agent working for Umbrella, and plans to use the Tyrant to kill the S.T.A.R.S. members. In the ensuing confrontation, Wesker is apparently killed and the player character defeats the Tyrant. After activating the lab's self-destruct system, the player character reaches the heliport and contacts Brad for extraction. The ending changes depending on the player's actions at key points: in the best ending, the surviving team members escape by helicopter after defeating the Tyrant again; in the worst ending, the mansion remains intact and the player character is the sole survivor.
Development
Resident Evil was developed by Capcom Production Studio 4 and directed by Shinji Mikami, who designed and directed the original Resident Evil for the PlayStation console. The game was part of an exclusivity agreement between Capcom and Nintendo to bring previous and new Resident Evil games to the GameCube. Unlike Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, and Resident Evil – Code: Veronica, which were simply ported to the GameCube, Mikami decided to produce a remake of the original game because he felt its graphics had not aged well, making it hard for new players to appreciate it. Programmer Yasuhiro Anpo also cited the original game's poor localization as another reason for the remake. Mikami and producer Hiroyuki Kobayashi agreed the GameCube would allow them to bring the game closer to the original vision the team had for the series. As Capcom's marketing director Todd Thorson said, the main goal was to "achieve motion picture-quality visuals and create even more suspense and fear than the original".
Production started at the beginning of 2001 with a team of only four programmers. Because Resident Evil was one of the first Capcom games developed for the GameCube, the development team had to study the system's performance during the first stages of development. In the process of development, the team wanted to make sure that those who had already played the 1996 version would find things to enjoy in the remake. Initially, the team considered creating the environments with computer graphic animation but then realized that this approach would require too much hardware capacity and processing to achieve realistic graphics. As a result, the graphical style of the remake features 3D models on top of pre-rendered backgrounds like early Resident Evil games. Despite this, the camera is more dynamic and can track the player at varying angles. The backgrounds also make use of particle effects and full motion video layers to simulate effects such as rushing water or swaying tree branches. Creating fear in players was a priority, and many of the game's backgrounds were designed to have a high contrast between dark and light so that enemies could appear unexpectedly.
Originally, the developers planned to only upgrade the graphics and tweak the gameplay. However, as the game approached completion, Capcom started making more substantial changes. For example, the inventory was expanded so that players could carry a standard item like Jill's lockpick, while defense items, which were initially included in the main inventory, were introduced to make the game easier than the original. Several new weapons were also added in order to expand the range of approaches to combat. Enemies in the game were rebalanced to accommodate for this. The developers originally planned to make all enemies invisible but the idea was discarded because it would have made the remake very different from the original game. However, they designed the zombies so that they could eventually come back to life after being killed, in the form of more dangerous Crimson Heads. The developers added new areas for the player to explore, changed most of the puzzle designs, and included an additional control scheme whereby players move their characters by pressing the R button of the GameCube controller and steer them with the analog stick. Another addition is a subplot involving the character Lisa Trevor, which was cut from the original game. Instead of using adjectives to describe difficulty levels, Mikami decided to have unique questions so that the player would pick the hard one. In a later interview Kobayashi stated that many of these additions and substantial changes were a deliberate effort to attract veteran players.
Capcom auditioned actors to be used as references by the character designers. The faces of the protagonists were based on real people and motion capture was used to animate their models. About 60 percent of the character motions were animated based on the captured data, while the rest was created from scratch. The developers initially struggled to develop a system for computer graphic animation. However, Nintendo provided Capcom with assistance and the problems were eventually solved. Capcom also hired new voice actors and rewrote the game's script to make the plot more convincing. The game was developed over the course of one year and two months. Final development was very intense, as programmers had to work for two straight months with no days off to meet the deadline. Resident Evil was released in March 2002 in Japan, April 2002 in North America, and September 2002 in Europe.
Reception
Upon its release on the GameCube, Resident Evil received critical acclaim. IGN reviewer Matt Casamassina felt that the game is "a triumph as a stand-alone adventure and a major accomplishment as a remake", calling it "the prettiest, most atmospheric and all-around scariest game we've ever played." Similarly, GameSpot reviewer Shane Satterfield described the remake as "one amazing game that clearly stands as the best the series has to offer", while Edge magazine remarked that the game's unforgiving gameplay and technical artistry improve the tension and anxiety that the original offered.
The game was widely praised for its graphics. GameSpot credited the attention to detail, realistic gore, volumetric fog, and integration of real-time lighting and shadows with pre-rendered backgrounds, commenting that Capcom had "finally perfected the art of mixing prerendered scenery with ambient animations and polygonal objects, and the result is the most visually impressive video game ever released." IGN highlighted the complex geometry of the character models, stating that "close shots of Chris or Jill look almost photo-realistic." Writing for NGC Magazine, Jes Bickham remarked that, unlike in the original Resident Evil, the contrast between character models and backgrounds is seamless. He also noted that the game is "so visually rich that simply seeing the next area is an experience to be treasured."
The game's suspenseful and cinematic atmosphere received praise, with GameRevolution going so far as to say that the game makes the original Resident Evil look like Pong. Resident Evil was also praised for its realistic sound. AllGame reviewer Scott Alan Marriott felt that the game "[creates] a constant sense of dread without relying too much on obvious shock values", while GameSpot highlighted the quality and variety of sound effects, noting that "there seem to be dozens of sound effects for footsteps alone." However, some publications considered the voice acting to be weak due to its exaggerated delivery.
Although the game's limiting controls and inventory management were criticized, changes to many aspects of the gameplay were positively viewed. Mike Weigand of GamePro wrote, "It's like playing Resident Evil for the first time." GameSpot remarked that the defensive weapons add a new layer of strategy to the game. However, the controls were criticized for their lack of analog precision, a feature that was previously available in the Nintendo 64 version of Resident Evil 2. Hector Guzman of GameSpy criticized the fact that the original game's "laborious" tank controls, whereby the analog stick moves the player character in the direction they are facing, was not changed, stating that it can cause unnecessary difficulties when players try to evade monsters. IGNs criticism was similar but considered the game's alternative control schemes a welcome addition.
GameSpot editors named Resident Evil the best video game of April 2002. At the GameSpots Best and Worst of 2002 awards, Resident Evil was nominated for Best Story on GameCube, Best Graphics (Technical) on GameCube, and Best Action Adventure Game on GameCube. As of January 2004, 445,176 copies of the game had been sold in the United States. In May 2008, Capcom revealed that a total of 1.35 million copies of the game were sold.
Legacy
Resident Evil is often regarded as one of the greatest and most visually impressive games in the series. According to IGN, the game's graphics "became the new standard by which all future installments in the series would be compared." In 2009, Official Nintendo Magazine ranked the game 43rd in a list of greatest Nintendo games. Digital Spy writer Liam Martin remarked that the game is "the definitive version of a true classic" and that it still looked "fantastic" nearly 13 years after it was first released. Although the game received critical acclaim, it sold worse than expected. As a result, Mikami and Capcom decided that subsequent games in the Resident Evil series would shift away from the survival horror genre and incorporate more action-based elements, starting with Resident Evil 4 in 2005. Before that happened, Capcom developed Resident Evil Zero, a direct prequel using the same graphics engine and released in late 2002.
Re-release and remaster
Wii version
In December 2008, Resident Evil was ported to the GameCube's successor, the Wii, along with Resident Evil Zero. The port, Resident Evil Archives: Resident Evil, features a control system that supports both the Wii Remote and the GameCube controller. Although Capcom originally had no plans to release the Wii version outside of Japan, arguing that the game would not sell very well, the game was eventually released in North America and Europe in June 2009 due to the commercial success of Resident Evil 5. The Wii version received generally favorable reviews from critics, but some publications criticized it for its outdated controls, lack of new features, and lack of widescreen support.
HD remaster
A high-definition (HD) version, Resident Evil HD Remaster, was released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox 360, and Xbox One in January 2015. The HD version supports 5.1 surround sound as well as a resolution of 1080p and a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9. Although the original pre-rendered backgrounds have a 4:3 format, the developers decided against re-rendering them in 16:9 because it would allow players to see more of the environment than intended, reducing the sense of immersion and danger. As a result, the developers added vertical scrolling to the backgrounds, which respond to the movement of the character, to fit the remaster's widescreen aspect ratio. A new control scheme was also included, allowing players to move their character in the direction of the analog stick.
The remaster was a commercial success, breaking sales records. It became the PlayStation Network's biggest launch game and Capcom's fastest-selling digital game across North America and Europe. Capcom announced that the remaster exceeded sales of one million copies by April 2015. Its commercial success resulted in Capcom's announcement of a similar edition of Resident Evil Zero in 2015. Critical reception towards the remaster was mostly positive. Several critics noted that some features like the inventory system and the insistence on having to revisit previously explored areas have not aged very well, but generally agreed that the remaster was a solid revival of a classic. The new control scheme was also considered more intuitive and satisfying, especially for new players. As of September 2022, the remaster had sold 3.7 million copies worldwide across all platforms.
Resident Evil: Origins Collection
Resident Evil Zero and Resident Evil became a compilation called Resident Evil: Origins Collection, that was released for the Nintendo Switch on May 21, 2019.
Notes
References
External links
2002 video games
Bioterrorism in fiction
Capcom games
GameCube games
Golden Joystick Award winners
2000s horror video games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Resident Evil games
Single-player video games
Video game remakes
Video games about police officers
Video games about viral outbreaks
Video games about zombies
Video games developed in Japan
Video games directed by Shinji Mikami
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games set in 1998
Video games set in the United States
Video games set in abandoned buildings and structures
Video games with pre-rendered 3D graphics
Wii games
Windows games
Video games set in country houses
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games |
Nittai of Arbela () was av beit din or vice-president of the Sanhedrin under the nasi Joshua ben Perachyah at the time of John Hyrcanus (r. 134–104 BCE).
Name
In Yer. Hag. II 76d he is called Mattai of Arbela, which is also found in ancient and linguistically reliable manuscripts of the Mishnah, such as Codex Kaufmann, Codex Parma A and the Cambridge Codex (edited by W. H. Lowe). The confusion in the rendering of his name seems to be due to faulty textual transmission, i.e. the Hebrew mem being separated graphically into two parts, which looked, respectively as a nun and a yod, thus Mattai became Nittai. Arbela was a city of the Galilee not far from Tiberias.
Teachings
No halakhot of his are extant, but some of his apothegms have been preserved in such sources as Pirkei Avot; these afford a glimpse of his character, to wit: "Distance thyself from a bad neighbor; consort not with an evil man, nor despair at tribulation." These bitter utterances contrast sharply with the gentle maxims of his colleague Joshua ben Perachyah. Nittai seems to have spoken thus after John Hyrcanus had deserted the party of the Pharisees and joined the Sadducees, persecuting his former friends. The phrase "renounce not the hope of retribution" was perhaps intended to comfort the Pharisees with the thought that Hyrcanus himself would not escape punishment, while the other two injunctions were designed maybe to keep them from joining the Sadducees.
See also
Mount Nitai
References
Bibliography
Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
Weiss, Dor, i. 132;
Z. Frankel, in Monatsschrift, 1852, pp. 410–413;
id., Hodegetica in Mischnam, pp. 33–34, Leipzig, 1859.
2nd-century BCE rabbis
Mishnah rabbis
Pirkei Avot rabbis
Zugot
Sanhedrin |
Yağmurtepe (; ) is a village in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 277 in 2021. It was populated by Armenians until the Armenian genocide.
The hamlets of Demirli, Kutluca, Oğulcuk and Yüklüce are attached to the village.
References
Villages in Siirt District
Former Armenian communities in Siirt Province |
The GRES-2 Power Station (or Power Station Ekibastuz) is a coal-fueled power generating station in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan. GRES-2, commissioned in 1987, has an installed capacity of 1,000 MWe and has the world's tallest flue-gas stack at tall. The reinforced concrete chimney is about taller than the Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. It is the tallest chimney ever built.
The power station is the start of the Powerline Ekibastuz–Kokshetau and uses a transmission voltage of 1,150 kVAC, the highest transmission voltage in the world. The extension of this line to Chelyabinsk in Russia is also designed for 1,150 kV, but it currently operates at only 500 kV. About 3/4 of the energy produced by GRES-2 was exported to Russia.
Fifty percent of GRES-2 shares are owned by Inter RAO UES, and fifty percent by Kazakhstan's government.
Individual units
The planned capacity of 4,000 MWe is to be provided by eight equal units, 500 MWe each.
Unit 1 was launched into service in December 1990.
Unit 2 was launched into service in December 1993.
Construction of Unit 3 was started in 1990 but later stopped.
See also
Ekibastuz GRES-1
List of chimneys
List of towers
List of tallest freestanding structures in the world
Unfinished building
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
External links
Smoke-stack diagrams
GRES-2 official website
Energy infrastructure completed in 1987
Towers completed in 1987
Power stations built in the Soviet Union
Chimneys in Kazakhstan
Coal-fired power stations in Kazakhstan
Electric power companies of Kazakhstan
Inter RAO
1987 establishments in the Soviet Union |
The 2019 AFC Cup was the 16th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
Al-Ahed won the title for the first time, defeating April 25 in the final. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya were the title holders, having won the previous three editions of the tournament. However, they were unable to defend the title as Iraqi teams played in the AFC Champions League instead of the AFC Cup in the 2019 edition.
Association team allocation
The 46 AFC member associations (excluding the associate member Northern Mariana Islands) are ranked based on their national team's and clubs' performance over the last four years in AFC competitions, with the allocation of slots for the 2019 and 2020 editions of the AFC club competitions determined by the 2017 AFC rankings (Entry Manual Article 2.3):
The associations are split into five zones:
West Asia Zone consists of the associations from the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF).
Central Asia Zone consists of the associations from Central Asian Football Association (CAFA).
South Asia Zone consists of the associations from the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF).
ASEAN Zone consists of the associations from the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF).
East Asia Zone consists of the associations from the East Asian Football Federation (EAFF).
All associations which do not receive direct slots in the AFC Champions League group stage are eligible to enter the AFC Cup.
In each zone, the number of groups in the group stage is determined based on the number of entries, with the number of slots filled through play-offs same as the number of groups:
In the West Asia Zone and the ASEAN Zone, there are three groups in the group stage, including a total of 9 direct slots, with the 3 remaining slots filled through play-offs.
In the Central Asia Zone, the South Asia Zone, and the East Asia Zone, there is one group in the group stage, including a total of 3 direct slots, with the 1 remaining slot filled through play-offs.
The top associations participating in the AFC Cup in each zone as per the AFC rankings get at least one direct slot in the group stage (including losers of the AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs), while the remaining associations get only play-off slots:
For the West Asia Zone and the ASEAN zone:
The associations ranked 1st to 3rd each get two direct slots.
The associations ranked 4th to 6th each get one direct slot and one play-off slot.
The associations ranked 7th or below each get one play-off slot.
For the Central Asia Zone, the South Asia Zone, and the East Asia zone:
The associations ranked 1st to 3rd each get one direct slot and one play-off slot.
The associations ranked 4th or below each get one play-off slot.
The maximum number of slots for each association is one-third of the total number of eligible teams in the top division.
If any association gives up its direct slots, they are redistributed to the highest eligible association, with each association limited to a maximum of two direct slots.
If any association gives up its play-off slots, they are annulled and not redistributed to any other association.
If the number of teams in the play-offs in any zone is fewer than twice the number of group stage slots filled through play-offs, the play-off teams of the highest eligible associations are given byes to the group stage.
Association ranking
For the 2019 AFC Cup, the associations are allocated slots according to their association ranking which was published on 15 December 2017, which takes into account their performance in the AFC Champions League and the AFC Cup, as well as their national team's FIFA World Rankings, between 2014 and 2017.
Notes
Teams
The following 43 teams from 26 associations entered the competition.
Notes
Schedule
The schedule of the competition is as follows (W: West Asia Zone; C: Central Asia Zone; S: South Asia Zone; A: ASEAN Zone; E: East Asia Zone).
Qualifying play-offs
Preliminary round
Play-off round
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Group I
Ranking of second-placed teams
West Asia Zone
ASEAN Zone
Knockout stage
Bracket
Zonal semi-finals
Zonal finals
Inter-zone play-off semi-finals
Inter-zone play-off final
Final
Awards
Top scorers
See also
2019 AFC Champions League
References
External links
, the-AFC.com
AFC Cup 2019, stats.the-AFC.com
2019 in Asian football
2019 |
Squalene monooxygenase (also called squalene epoxidase) is a eukaryotic enzyme that uses NADPH and diatomic oxygen to oxidize squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene (squalene epoxide). Squalene epoxidase catalyzes the first oxygenation step in sterol biosynthesis and is thought to be one of the rate-limiting enzymes in this pathway. In humans, squalene epoxidase is encoded by the SQLE gene.
Several eukaryote genomes lack a squalene monooxygenase encoding gene, but instead encode an alternative squalene epoxidase that performs the same task.
Mechanism
The canonical squalene monooxygenase is a flavoprotein monooxygenase. Flavoprotein monooxygenase form flavin hydroperoxides at the enzyme active site, which then transfer the terminal oxygen atom of the hydroperoxide to the substrate. Squalene monooxygenase differs from other flavin monooxygenases in that the oxygen is inserted into the substrate as an epoxide rather than as a hydroxyl group. This enzyme contains a loosely bound FAD flavin and obtains electrons from NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, rather than binding NADPH directly. The alternative squalene epoxidase belongs to the fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily and obtains electrons from cytochrome b5.
Inhibitors
Inhibitors of squalene epoxidase have found application mainly as antifungal drugs:
butenafine
naftifine
terbinafine
Since squalene epoxidase is on the biosynthetic pathway leading to cholesterol, inhibitors of this enzyme may also find application in treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Localization
In baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), squalene epoxidase is localized to both the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Only the ER localized protein is active.
Additional products
Squalene epoxidase also catalyzes the formation of diepoxysqualene (DOS). DOS is converted to 24(S),25-epoxylanosterol by lanosterol synthase.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of SQLE function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Sqletm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping
See also
Antifungal drug#Allylamines
References
Further reading
External links
EC 1.14.13 |
İkisu () is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çayî tribe and had a population of 176 in 2021.
References
Neighbourhoods in Mazıdağı District
Kurdish settlements in Mardin Province |
The Mark Williams Company was a small software company in Chicago, Illinois (later moved to Northbrook) that created Coherent, one of the first Unix-like operating systems for IBM PCs and several C programming language compilers. It was founded by Robert Swartz in 1977 and discontinued operations in 1995. The name comes from the middle name of Robert Swartz's father, William Mark Swartz.
Robert Swartz moved the company (originally producing a soft drink called Dr. Enuf) into software with his father's help and the company became known as the Mark Williams Company.
Mark Williams won a patent lawsuit () centered on 'byte ordering'. Separately, and at that time, Linux had made serious inroads in the UNIX clone market. Since Coherent was a commercially available package and Linux was distributed freely on the Internet via their GNU public license, Coherent sales plummeted and Swartz had no choice but to cease operations in 1995.
Products
Produced Coherent, a clone of Unix.
csd, C source debugger.
Let's C, low-cost professional C compiler for the IBM PC.
Mark Williams C for CP/M-86.
Mark Williams C for the Atari ST, first major C programming environment for the ST computers.
XYBasic, a process control BASIC running on CP/M that could be burned on to memory (EPROM) and run on an 8080 standalone processor.
References
External links
START Vol. 1 No. 3 Mark Williams C & Menu by Arick Anders
START Vol. 2 No. 2 Mark Williams C 2.0 by Arick Anderson
Mark Williams Company documentation
Defunct software companies of the United States
Software companies established in 1980
American companies disestablished in 1995
Unix history
American companies established in 1980 |
In the Light of the Moon (also known as Ed Gein) is a 2000 crime horror film directed by Chuck Parello, and written by Stephen Johnston. It is based on the crimes of Ed Gein, an American murderer who killed at least two women in Plainfield, Wisconsin during the 1950s. It stars Steve Railsback as Gein, and Carrie Snodgress as Gein's domineering, fundamentalist mother, Augusta.
Plot
Growing up on a farm in rural Wisconsin, Ed Gein is abused by both his Christian fundamentalist mother, Augusta, and his alcoholic father, George. George dies of a heart attack in 1940, and four years later, Ed kills his older brother, Henry, in a fit of rage after Henry insults Augusta. Ed makes it look like Henry died in a brush fire, and lives alone with Augusta until she dies of a stroke in 1945. Ed becomes depressed after his mother's death, and lets the family farm become squalid and dilapidated, with the exception of Augusta's room, which is sealed off by Ed.
Living off of agricultural subsidies and the money that he makes from leasing land and babysitting children, the increasingly unstable Ed makes nightly excursions to the Plainfield Cemetery and digs up recently deceased elderly women. He makes futile attempts at reviving them, before decorating his home with pieces of their corpses, at one point passing "shrunken heads" off as gifts from a cousin in the Philippines.
Ed begins suffering from hallucinations of Augusta, who commands him to kill "sinful" women, starting with a tavern owner named Mary Hogan. Ed shoots Mary and takes her to his farm, where he leaves her bound to a bed until she dies. Ed butchers her body, consuming some of it, and using the rest to add to his crudely-designed "woman suit." Ed's delusions worsen, and he becomes convinced that Mary's death has resurrected Augusta, who implores Ed to kill a hardware store owner named Collette Marshall. Ed shoots Collette and brings her body back to his farm before having dinner with the Andersons, a neighboring family who he surprises with "Venison steaks."
Colette's employee, Brian, returns from a hunting trip to find the unmanned store full of blood, and calls the police. Brian suspects Ed of being involved in Mary and Collette's disappearances, and races to Ed's farm, followed by Sheriff Jim Stillwell. After finding Collette's decapitated and "dressed out" body hanging in Ed's barn, an enraged Brian tracks Ed down to the Anderson residence, but is talked out of shooting Ed by Sheriff Stillwell, who arrests Ed.
The film ends with a nonlinear montage that consists of the police uncovering evidence in Ed's home, interviews with Ed after he was diagnosed with schizophrenia and placed in a psychiatric hospital, and scenes in which Ed tries to keep his urges in check through prayer and rituals. He also exhumes corpses, only to rebury them after snapping out of a fugue state. An intertitle states that Ed died of respiratory failure in 1984, and was buried next to his mother.
Cast
Release
Ed Gein premiered in America, in a single theater in Los Angeles, on May 4, 2001. On its opening weekend, the film grossed $5,708, and by May 11 had grossed $11,821.
Home media
Ed Gein was released on VHS by Millennium on July 24, 2001. That same year, the film was released on DVD by both First Look Home Entertainment on June 24 and Tartan Video on November 29. On April 22, 2003 it was re-released by First Look as part of a three-disk box set which included Dahmer and Ted Bundy. That same day, it was released as a single-feature by Velocity Home Entertainment. It was last released in 2005 by both Prism and First Look on February 14 and August 26, respectively.
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 10% based on , with a weighted average rating of 4.1/10.
Ain't It Cool News praised Steve Railsback's performance as Gein, and concluded, "Ed Gein is not must-see but it's a lot better than I thought it would be. I would recommend a rental to the curious horror or true crime fans out there looking for something sort of along the lines of Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, but tamer, but at the same time a lot sicker." Time Out found the film to be "a surprisingly sober response to a potentially salacious subject" and wrote, "As with the best scenes of Deranged, the conjunction of colourful case history, odd impulses, gallows humour, low budget austerity and genuinely grotesque iconography produces a felicitous and engaging variant of American Gothic."
In a review written for AllMovie, Richard Gilliam commended the film's historical accuracy, production design, and "low-key" approach to its source material, but also found it to be lacking in style, writing, "The problem with the authenticity here is that the filmmakers have managed to authentically capture the dull, boring parts of life in 1950s rural Wisconsin. Ed Gein is so under-the-top that what should be compelling merely becomes unpleasant." Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club had a lukewarm response to the film, writing, "Half character study, half exploitation film, Ed Gein is most effective when it focuses on Gein's halting attempts to connect with his neighbors, who treat him with the polite but decided distance of an adult dealing with a misbehaving but well-intentioned child. Where the film falters is in its attempts to explain away Gein's madness with a massive dose of pop psychology."
While The Guardian's Philip French offered praise to Railsback's performance as Gein, he found the film itself to be "a generally unsensational chunk of bizarre Americana" that "adds little to our understanding of the man." Fellow Guardian reviewer Peter Bradshaw had a similar response to the film, writing, "Really, it's the same old pulpy, paranoid voyeuristic stuff, and Ed's fear and hatred of women is never that edifying. It's well acted, and effectively put together, but there is an insurmountable problem: gloomy, grave-robbing, body-chopping old Ed is, in the end, just a little bit of a bore." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times afforded the film moderate praise, commending the performances, the atmosphere, and the historical accuracy, but went on to write, "Ed Gein resists cheap humor in favor of moments that are inherently darkly comic, and tries for a seriousness of purpose, yet is at times awkward and under-inspired, creating a question as to whether so gloomy and repugnant a tale was worth telling simply for its own sake."
Neil Smith of the BBC called the film "gross and repellent" and awarded it a score of 2/5, writing, "Parello's stated intention is to explore the psychology of his twisted protagonist, but the result has all the hallmarks of a low-budget exploitationer, right down to its B movie leads Steve Railsback and Carrie Snodgress. Would it be too much to expect some thought or consideration for Gein's victims? Evidently so, given Hollywood's depressing habit of turning serial killers into cult heroes." Variety's Robert Koehler gave Ed Gein a wholly negative review, deriding it for being both lackluster and "a disappointingly mild re-creation of true events."
Chuck Parello and Steve Railsback won Best Film and Best Actor, respectively, at the 2000 Sitges Film Festival.
See also
The Hillside Strangler, another true crime film directed by Chuck Parello and written by Stephen Johnston
References
External links
Interview with Chuck Parello at Fake Shemp
Interview with Chuck Parello at Irresistible Targets
Interview with Chuck Parello at Serial Killer Calendar
2000 films
2000 horror films
2000 independent films
2000s American films
2000s biographical films
2000s British films
2000s English-language films
2000s exploitation films
2000s psychological horror films
2000s serial killer films
American biographical films
American exploitation films
American films based on actual events
American independent films
American nonlinear narrative films
American psychological horror films
American serial killer films
British biographical films
British exploitation films
British films based on actual events
British horror films
British independent films
British nonlinear narrative films
British psychological horror films
British serial killer films
Biographical films about serial killers
Cultural depictions of American men
Cultural depictions of Ed Gein
Cultural depictions of kidnappers
English-language horror films
Films about alcoholism
Films about cannibalism
Films about child abuse
Films about Christianity
Films about domestic violence
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about fratricide and sororicide
Films about grieving
Films about kidnapping in the United States
Films about mother–son relationships
Films about schizophrenia
Films about sexual repression
Films set in 1916
Films set in 1922
Films set in 1940
Films set in 1944
Films set in 1945
Films set in 1954
Films set in 1955
Films set in 1956
Films set in 1957
Films set in cemeteries
Films set on farms
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
Films set in Wisconsin
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Los Angeles County, California
Grave-robbing in film
Horror films based on actual events
Masturbation in fiction
Period horror films
Religious horror films |
The Hornsby Water Clock, titled Man, Time and the Environment is a piece of kinetic sculpture, a decorative fountain and a functional clock in the Florence Street pedestrian mall in Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia. Unveiled in 1993, the sculpture was designed and engineered by Victor Cusack and constructed of bronze, stainless steel and glass by Victor and his foundry floor manager Rex Feakes. Construction, including alterations to the mall, cost over A$1 million and took two and half years; thereafter, chicken bones and other carelessly discarded items caused many breakdowns before the water filtration system was upgraded.
Overview
Thought by some to have actually been at Hornsby much longer than when it was unveiled in 1993, it is a combination of three water-powered clocks – a 4th-century BC Greek clepsydra, an 11th-century Chinese water wheel clock and a 17th-century Swiss pendulum clock – plus a 17-note bronze carillon to ring the hour based on a 250-year-old design found in an old English church. The whole assembly is mounted on a floating pontoon that rotates every 12 hours giving a fourth time indicator as a pointer sweeps past Roman numerals placed in the water around the fountain's perimeter.
The sculpture is approximately tall and weighs .
Philosophy
The clock is adorned with four plaques, three of which explain the operation of the three individual clocks in the overall structure, and one explaining the clock's purpose overall.
This first plaque says, "This mobile water sculpture is a unique environmental statement, particular relevant to Hornsby, an area retaining extensive unspoilt natural areas with abundant land and marine based flora and fauna. Its symbolism is contrasting man's historically joyful creativity with his rapidly increasing inability to co-exist with virtually all forms of life on earth."
It goes on to suggest there is a "polarity" between the "joyful complexity of creation" shown in the mechanisms mankind has invented such as those on display and the destruction we are causing by the rapidly rising global population. It pays "tribute" to the beauty of the environment in the area and our need to be responsible to our "fellow animals (human and otherwise)".
Animals represented in the sculpture are the:
Tawny frogmouth
Rainbow lorikeet
Pied cormorant
Little penguin
Australian pelican
Australian water dragon
Blue-tongued lizard
Goanna
Grey-headed flying fox
Brushtail possum
Sea eagle
Human
Individual clocks
Greek clepsydra clock
In this type of clock, water is run into a stationary vessel from a tank which is kept meniscus-full meaning that water rises over the top edge of the tank forming a convex meniscus and excess water is drained away. Since the depth of the water in the supply tank is constant, water is released at a constant rate; the depth of water in the receiving vessel is a measure of time.
In this example, two tubes on bearings are arranged so that they overbalance when full, thereby dumping their contents into the pond and returning to vertical under the influence of a counterweight at which point the cycle starts over. The counterweight is in the shape of a ram's head, while the top of each tube is decorated with the head of a Hermaphrodite.
Chinese water wheel clock
This clock uses 20 counterweighted buckets that are free to swing and are mounted around the edge of a wheel in diameter. Water supplied from a meniscus-full tank runs into a bucket at a constant rate until the weight of water in the bucket is sufficient to overcome the counterweight (see the Chinese Buddha sculpture) allowing the bucket to tip over spilling its contents. As it falls, it trips a lever connected by a cable to a catch on top of the water wheel which is released to allow the wheel to rotate. However, by the time it has moved on, the catch has returned to its position locking the wheel in place so that the next empty bucket is now under the water flow to repeat the cycle.
The design is based on one by Su Song who built a clock as part of an observatory tower in the period 1088-1092.
Swiss pendulum clock
It is claimed that this is "undoubtedly the largest water-driven pendulum clock ever built" and has the same 4 second pendulum cycle time as the Great Clock of Westminster (often erroneously known as "Big Ben"), though the pendulum weight is heavier at . The design is based on one drawn up by Claude Perrault in 1669 but never built.
The pendulum mounted on a knife-edge to minimize friction and is kept moving by the "top drive" (the top moving glass chutes); as one side becomes full, it tilts the mechanism over to its side so that the water is discharged and the other tank receives the water supply underneath the sea eagle sculpture.
Seconds are marked by the rotation of the glass wheel which has 30 pins around the edge. Each half-cycle of the pendulum (2 seconds) results in the wheel moving to the next pin so it completes a cycle every minute. A cam on the "second wheel" releases the holdback arm on the lower drive every 30 seconds, discharging of water and moves the minute hand once a minute and the hour hand once every 12 minutes.
Instead of numbers, the hours on the clock face are marked by the letters that make up "Dare we forget". The clock is decorated with various animals to "remind us that we are losing species on our earth due to our sometimes insensitive land use" and aboriginal art forms "as a reminder that Hornsby once maintained a strong tribal population that suffered the same fate as many animals are suffering".
The pendulum clock is used to control the rotation of the pontoon, the chimes and to supply water to the Chinese clock.
Pontoon rotation clock
The complete sculpture is rotated by the water underneath it swirling in a clockwise direction when viewed from above. The rate at which it turns is regulated by a "catch" device on the pontoon edge that locks into one of the 60 stops secured to the wall of the inner pond. Every 12 minutes the catch is released by a mechanism linked the pendulum clock allowing the pontoon to rotate until the next stop is reached.
Carillon or chime set
The carillon has 17 tubes of cast bell-bronze that chime automatically on the hour, or they can be played manually. The mechanism is of a design invented by "Harringtons of Coventry" and seen by the sculptor at a church in Haywards Heath in Sussex though the frame has been constructed of metal rather than wood and this set has 17 tubes instead of the 6 to 9 seen elsewhere. Together the tubes weigh approximately and span from the octave above Middle C plus 3 notes above and the G note below.
Plaques
See also
Nylex Clock
Royal Clock
References
External links
The Water Clock Chronicles on YouTube. Sculptor, Victor Cusack explains the history, workings and meanings of his Water Clock.
The Hornsby Water Clock Story on YouTube. This undated segment of a current affairs program was apparently made while initial problems were still being worked through. It appears to be from The 7:30 Report with Quentin Dempster presenting (he appears momentarily at 4:37) which would place it before 1995 when Kerry O'Brien took over.
The Carillon in Hornsby Mall on YouTube. Victor Cusack playing the instrument.
The artworks of Victor Cusack - artist, sculptor, author, poet (Victor's web site with pictures of the sculpture and .)
Clocks in Australia
Individual clocks
Water clocks
Fountains in Sydney
Tourist attractions in New South Wales
Buildings and structures in New South Wales
1993 sculptures
Kinetic sculptures
Birds in art
Lizards in art
Hornsby, New South Wales
Pelicans in art
Sculptures of birds
Animal sculptures in Australia
Sculptures of reptiles
Sculptures of eagles
Sculptures of mammals
Sculptures of people
Visual artists in late 20th-century Australia |
Prince Dance Group, a dance troupe based in Berhampur, (Contact Details : +91 9861180053) Odisha, India led by T. Krishna Mohan Reddy. It has won a reality show India's Got Talent on an Indian TV channel "Colors". The group is unique that the members are from a remote part of India and most of them are from disadvantaged sections of different parts of Ganjam district. Two of them, Padmanabha Sahu (24) and Telu Tarini (13) are physically disabled. They have won the hearts of all Odias, including chief minister Naveen Patnaik, and even outsiders with their performance in the programme "India's Got Talent". Prince Group also performed in Sardotsav- annual winter festival in Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand) on 6 November 2014.
The group
After winning Rs 50 lakh (Rs five million) prize money and a Ritz car from the Colors channel, a pleasant surprise lay in store for them. The Odisha government announced a cash prize of Rs two crore (Rs twenty million) and four acres of land for the group to build a dance academy.
Confirming the news, Krishna Mohan Reddy, the choreographer of Prince Dance Group said, "We have heard that our government has announced a prize for us. We feel honoured. I am very happy that our efforts have paid off."
The group, which is from Berhampur, Odisha, consists of 20 members. Krishna leads the team and the rest are labourers from a construction site. It was their Krishna act which earned the group accolades from the viewers nationwide and they also became a favourite with the judges.
Commenting on their future plans, Krishna added, "I am a choreographer and want to grow in this profession. With the land provided to us by the government I want to build a dance academy and take this art forward. I would also want to perform on an international platform."
India's Got Talent
The group did an astonishing performance depicting Lord Krishna and his avatars that got good comments from all the three judges. Shekhar Kapoor was mesmerised by their performance. In their semi-final act on 15 August, they depicted the Indian Flag. The special act in which two of the group's challenged students also performed moved the judges to tears. The audience became so involved in the act that they started chanting "Bharat mata ki jay", after the performance was over.
Prince Group performed in Sardotsav- annual winter festival in Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand) on 6 November 2014.
References
External links
*Krishna-Story of a Dancer(Odia Film)
Arts organisations based in India
Ganjam district
Physically integrated dance
Indian dance groups
Participants in Indian reality television series
Got Talent winners
Disability organisations based in India
Dance companies |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// Code generated by lister-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
package v1beta1
import (
v1beta1 "k8s.io/api/storage/v1beta1"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
)
// StorageClassLister helps list StorageClasses.
type StorageClassLister interface {
// List lists all StorageClasses in the indexer.
List(selector labels.Selector) (ret []*v1beta1.StorageClass, err error)
// Get retrieves the StorageClass from the index for a given name.
Get(name string) (*v1beta1.StorageClass, error)
StorageClassListerExpansion
}
// storageClassLister implements the StorageClassLister interface.
type storageClassLister struct {
indexer cache.Indexer
}
// NewStorageClassLister returns a new StorageClassLister.
func NewStorageClassLister(indexer cache.Indexer) StorageClassLister {
return &storageClassLister{indexer: indexer}
}
// List lists all StorageClasses in the indexer.
func (s *storageClassLister) List(selector labels.Selector) (ret []*v1beta1.StorageClass, err error) {
err = cache.ListAll(s.indexer, selector, func(m interface{}) {
ret = append(ret, m.(*v1beta1.StorageClass))
})
return ret, err
}
// Get retrieves the StorageClass from the index for a given name.
func (s *storageClassLister) Get(name string) (*v1beta1.StorageClass, error) {
obj, exists, err := s.indexer.GetByKey(name)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if !exists {
return nil, errors.NewNotFound(v1beta1.Resource("storageclass"), name)
}
return obj.(*v1beta1.StorageClass), nil
}
``` |
John Grant (died c.1744) was Archdeacon of Barnstaple from 1731 to 1744.
References
Archdeacons of Barnstaple
18th-century English people |
"Can We" is a song by American R&B trio SWV featuring guest vocals from Missy Elliott and production by Timbaland and Elliott. The song was eventually included on SWV's third album, Release Some Tension (1997), but was originally a hit earlier in the year when it was included on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Booty Call.
"Can We" received major airplay on urban radio stations in the United States, but it was not released as a cassette or CD single in the US. However, because of a 12-inch vinyl single release, "Can We" was able to chart on Billboard Hot 100, reaching number 75. Outside the US, the song topped the New Zealand Singles Chart and peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart.
Music video
A music video for the single was directed by Jesse Vaughan and premiered on music video stations in February 1997. The synopsis of the video primarily focuses on SWV, dressed in cheetah-print attire, dancing in front of matching backgrounds with their love interests. Missy Elliott is also featured in the video, where she is seen dancing in a newspaper-covered background.
Track listings
US and UK 12-inch single
A1. "Can We" (LP version) – 4:51
A2. "Can We" (instrumental) – 4:49
A3. "Can We" (a cappella) – 4:49
B1. "Can We" (radio edit No. 1) – 4:15
B2. "Can We" (radio edit No. 2) – 4:15
B3. "Can We" (no rap radio) – 3:56
UK and Australian CD single
"Can We" (radio edit No. 1) – 4:15
"Can We" (radio edit No. 2) – 4:15
"Can We" (no rap radio) – 3:56
"Can We" (LP version) – 4:51
"Can We" (instrumental) – 4:49
"Can We" (a cappella) – 4:49
UK cassette single
"Can We" (LP version) – 4:51
"Can We" (radio edit No. 1) – 4:15
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1997 singles
1997 songs
Missy Elliott songs
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Song recordings produced by Timbaland
Songs written by Missy Elliott
Songs written by Timbaland
SWV songs |
Sotto means below, under in Italian. It is also a Filipino surname that may refer to:
Sotto family, a political family in the Philippines with additional influence in the entertainment industry.
Ciara Sotto (born 1980), Filipino actress, singer, and daughter of Tito Sotto and Helen Gamboa
Filemon Sotto (1872–1966), Filipino politician
Gian Sotto (born 1978), Filipino politician and son of Tito Sotto and Helen Gamboa
Miko Sotto (1982–2003), Filipino matinee idol and actor
Oyo Boy Sotto (born 1984), Filipino actor and son of Vic Sotto
Pauleen Luna Sotto (born 1988), Filipina television personality and wife of Vic Sotto
Val Sotto (born 1945), Filipino singer, composer, comedian, and brother of Tito Sotto and Vic Sotto
Vicente Sotto (1877–1950), Filipino politician
Vicente "Tito" Sotto III (born 1948), Filipino actor, comedian, politician, and singer-songwriter
Vic Sotto (born 1954), Filipino actor and television presenter
Vico Sotto (born 1989), Filipino politician, son of Vic Sotto, and current mayor of Pasig
Ali Sotto (born 1961), actress, newscasts commentator
Benjamin Sotto (born 1980), French heavy metal vocalist
Eddie Sotto (born 1958), American designer, mixed-media producer and conceptualist
Ervin Sotto (born 1981), Filipino basketball player
Kai Sotto (born 2002), Filipino professional basketball player
Remberto G. Sotto (born 1949), Filipino politician
Reference |
Minox (pronounced ) is a manufacturer of cameras, known especially for its subminiature camera.
The first product to carry the Minox name was a subminiature camera, conceived in 1922, and finally invented and produced in 1936, by Baltic German Walter Zapp. The Latvian factory VEF (Valsts elektrotehniskā fabrika) manufactured the camera from 1937 to 1943. After World War II, the camera was redesigned and production resumed in Germany in 1948. Walter Zapp originally envisioned the Minox to be a camera for everyone requiring only little photographic knowledge. Yet in part due to its high manufacturing costs the Minox became more well known as a must-have luxury item. From the start the Minox also gained wide notoriety as a spy camera.
Minox branched out into 35 mm film format and 110 film format cameras in 1974 and 1976, respectively. Minox continues to operate today, producing or branding optical and photographic equipment.
History
From 1936 to 1975, the history of the Minox brand is essentially that of the Minox subminiature camera. From 1975 the Minox name also became associated with other products, most notably the Minox 35 mm compact cameras produced from 1975 until 2004.
Minox was acquired by Leica in 1996, but a management buyout on 25 August 2001 left Minox an independent company again.
Minox subminiature camera
Subminiature camera history
The original Minox subminiature camera was invented by Walter Zapp in 1936. Zapp, a Baltic German, was born in 1905 in Riga, then part of the Russian Empire. The family moved to Reval (now called Tallinn, Estonia) where he first took a job as an engraver before finding a position with a photographer. He became friends with Nikolai 'Nixi' Nylander and Richard Jürgens, and it was through discussions with these friends that the idea of a camera that could always be carried came to him. Nixi Nylander also coined the name "Minox" and drew up the Minox mouse logo. Jürgens funded the original project but was not able to get support in Estonia for production. Jürgens contacted an English representative of the VEF (Valsts Elektrotehniskā Fabrika) electrotechnical manufacturing business in Riga (by then independent Latvia) who then arranged a meeting where Zapp demonstrated the Minox prototype (UrMinox), with a set of enlargements made from Ur-Minox negatives. Production began in Riga at VEF, running from 1937 until 1943. In the same time, VEF had received patent protection on Zapp's inventions in at least 18 countries worldwide.
Shortly after its introduction, the Minox was widely advertised in The European and American markets. It did not surmount the popularity of 35 mm cameras (which were then referred to as "Miniature Cameras"), but did achieve a niche market. It also attracted the attention of intelligence agencies in America, Britain and Germany, due to its small size and macro focusing ability.
Ironically during World War II production of the Minox was put in jeopardy several times as Latvia fell victim to invasion by the Soviet Union, then Germany, and then by the Soviets again. Cameras were produced under both Russian and German occupation nevertheless, and the camera became both a luxury gift item for Nazi leaders as well as a tool for their spies. In the meantime, Zapp and his associates protected their interest in the product by searching for alternative production facilities in Germany.
After World War II, production of the Minox II began in 1948 at a new company, Minox GmbH, in Giessen/Heuchelheim near Wetzlar, West Germany. The new camera very much resembled the original, but was made with a plastic chassis covered by an aluminum shell. This greatly reduced its weight and, to an extent, cost. The camera continued to appeal to a luxury "gadget" market which broadened during the 1950s and early 1960s. It also continued to see use as an espionage camera by both sides during the Cold War. During this time, the Minox company continued to develop the camera, working with Gossen to develop a companion miniature exposure meter, as well as improved models such as the Minox B, which incorporated an even smaller Gossen-designed meter into the camera itself. The Minox B became the most popular and widely produced model of the line. Further developments included autoexposure, and the company developed an extensive line of accessories. These included flash guns, viewfinder attachments, tripod mounts, and copying stands, all increasing the camera utility in a variety of applications. One accessory even allowed the camera to use a pair of binoculars as a telephoto lens (see illustration). Limited editions of the camera were also produced in a variety of luxury finishes, such as gold plating. Standard cameras were also available in an optional black anodized finish.
The Riga Minox camera, along with the luxury finish postwar cameras, are now collector's items. All-mechanical models A and B remain in use by hobbyists. In 1969 the model C became the first camera of its kind to incorporate electronic exposure control. With the introduction of the LX came significant redesign of the camera's basic controls. It was followed by the last production model, the TLX. There was also a fully electronic entry-level model, the EC, which had a very different internal design and a fixed-focus lens. The production rate for these cameras was considerably slower than in former years, however, as high production costs and increasing competition from Japan sharply reduced sales and revenues.
Beginning in 1981, MINOX experienced increasing difficulties. A quarter of the original 750 employees had to be made redundant. A settlement request was filed with the District Court in Giessen on November 21, 1988. Under the direction of the receivership administration, the workforce was reduced to just under 300, and the business was extensively reorganized.
The MINOX TLX Camera was available until September 2014. Minox is now part of the Blazer Group GmBH, with its facilities in Isny im Allgäu in the south of Germany, with a service facility remaining in Wetzlar. Production of 8x11 film ended in 2015.
The company now produces high-quality sports optics and night-vision devices, its only camera models being trail cameras.
Spy camera
The Minox subminiature camera attracted the attention of intelligence agencies in America, Britain and Germany, and most of the Eastern Bloc (East Germany, Romania) due to its small size and macro focusing ability. There is at least one document in the public record of 25 Minox cameras purchased by the US Office of Strategic Services intelligence organisation in 1942.
The close-focusing lens and small size of the camera made it perfect for covert uses such as surveillance or document copying. The Minox was used by both Axis and Allied intelligence agents during World War II. Later versions were used well into the 1980s. The Soviet spy John A. Walker Jr., whose actions against the US Navy cryptography programs represent some of the most compromising intelligence actions against the United States during the Cold War era, used a Minox C to photograph documents and ciphers.
An measuring chain was provided with most Minox subminiature cameras, which enabled easy copying of letter-sized documents. The espionage use of the Minox has been portrayed in Hollywood movies and TV shows, and some 1980s Minox advertising has played up the "spy camera" story.
Other special uses
A Minox B, operated by remote trigger and protected in a special housing, was used to inspect the interior of the United States Army's SL-1 experimental nuclear reactor after it experienced an internal steam explosion in 1961. This camera and housing were shown in the film report released following the accident investigation.
Technical details of Minox 8×11 cameras
The original Riga-made Minox had a brass chassis covered in a stainless steel shell, which telescopes to reveal or cover the lens and viewfinder windows, as well as to advance the film. It was equipped with a parallax correcting viewfinder, which was coupled to a Cooke triplet type Minostigmat 15 mm f/3.5 lens. The lens was capable of focusing as close as 20 cm, and, due to its small image size, provided such depth of field at full aperture that a diaphragm was deemed unnecessary. The maximum focus zone was about one meter to infinity. In front of the lens was a metal foil curtain shutter, which was itself protected by a window. These were advanced features at the time for any camera, regardless of size.
The dimensions of the Minox subminiature camera are: 80 mm × 27 mm x 16 mm; weight: 130 g.
The Minox cameras project an image of 8×11 mm onto the negative. The film is in strips 9.2 mm wide, or less than one-quarter the size of 35 mm film, and unlike 35 mm film, it has no sprocket holes. This film strip is rolled up in the supply side chamber of a small twin chamber cartridge, with the film leader taped to a take-up spool in the take up chamber. The film strips can be up to 50 frames in length for Riga Minox and Minox II, III, IIIs and B cameras. From Minox BL and C cameras onward the Minox film cartridge holds 15, 30, or 36 exposures.
The VEF Riga has a three-element flat film plane lens. Performance could be improved, so the short-lived Minox II (1948–1951) had a new 5 element lens (called complan) whose final element would rest against the film itself when the pressure plate pushed the film onto the lens. Customers complained of film scratches with this new design, so most of these lenses were replaced by MINOX with the later curved-field compensating lens. Consequently, original 'film lens' Minox II are exceptional.
Early Minox cameras from Minox A/III to Minox B were equipped with a four-element, three-group Complan (lens) designed by ex-Leica lens designer Arthur Seibert. The Complan lens has a curved film plane, hence in these cameras the negative must be held in an arc to improve the edge-to-edge sharpness of the image. The Minox enlarger also holds the negative in this same curve. Later models, beginning with late model Minox B, to the current model TLX, using the 15 mm f/3.5 four-element, three-group flat-field Minox lens, holds the negative flat. The advance was attributed by Rolf Kasemeier (Small MINOX Big Pictures 1971 edition) to new rare-earth element, high-index, low-dispersion, optical glasses becoming available (probably from Schott Glass, of Jena). Note that lens performance between old and new complan/minox lenses was rated by MINOX themselves as identical.
At this time to differentiate between negatives taken with the older complan lens and negatives taken with the later minox lens, MINOX introduced an edge code in the negative. Since the MINOX C (the first camera released with the new minox lens) every 8x11mm camera had a distinct edge code to identify the camera. The reason was that commercial processors used MINOX enlargers. As the minox lens replaced the complan, so the enlargers had to change lenses: MINOX II enlargers were curved negative track and complan lenses, MINOX III enlargers were straight negative track and minox lenses. Ironically, owners of Rigas and model II cameras would get better results from a MINOX III enlarger than a MINOX II enlarger.
The early Minox cameras from Riga to Minox B, BL and AX, were equipped with a mechanical shutter, while later model Minox ( C, LX, EC, TLX ) cameras have an electromagnetic shutter. When closed, the viewfinder and lens windows are protected. Complan lens and Minox lens are unit focusing lens, focusing from 8 inches (20 cm) to infinity through precision gear linked to a focusing dial on top of the camera. All Minox cameras, except the EC and MX, have a parallax correction viewfinder: when the focusing dial moves, the viewfinder moves in tandem to correct for parallax.
From the Riga to Minox B, the film counter counts up to 50, while from Minox BL, C, to TLX, the film counter counts down from 36/30/15. For mechanical Minox 8x11 cameras, a separate shutter speed dial sets the shutter speed from 1/2 to 1/1000 second, plus B and T (the BL model has no documented T). For electromagnetic shutter cameras, the shutter dial starts with 1/15 sec, and ends with 1/1000 (Minox C), or starts with 1/30 and ends with 1/2000 (Minox LX/TLX/CLX); the electromagnetic Minox camera also has an 'A' setting for automatic exposure, controlled by the built-in CdS (Minox C) or Spd (Minox LX/TLX) exposure meter.
Above the viewfinder is a filter bar used to slide a yellow, green or an orange filter in front of the lens; starting with the BL, there is only a Neutral Density filter.
For Riga Minox to Minox B, the film advances each time the camera is closed, regardless of whether a picture is taken or not. Opening the camera causes the pressure plate to press the film into a concave or flat (depending on the model) surface to stiffen thin emulsions for better clarity. When the camera is closed, the pressure plate moves back from the film plane, thus allowing the film strip to move freely to advance to the next frame. From Minox BL onward, the camera is equipped with a "freewheeling" mechanism, such that the film advances one frame only when a picture is taken, otherwise, closing the camera does not advance a frame.
Minox BL uses a PX625 button cell to power the CdS exposure meter; Minox C, LX, EC, used a 5.6v PX27 mercury battery to power the exposure meter and electromagnetic shutter. TLX, CLX, ECX use four 1.5v 386 silver oxide button cell in an adapter; this adapter combo can also be used to replace the discontinued 5.6v PX27 battery for Minox C, LX and EC.
8×11mm TLX Special Order models were available new until September 2014.
Major production runs
Minox Models
Riga – 1938/39 to 1942/43 (retrospectively labeled Model I; usually named after the city Riga)
I – 3 element Minostigmat lens, stainless steel
A – 1948 to 1969 (retrospectively labeled Model II with the launch of Minox III)
II – (1948) 5 element Complan lens, ultralight aluminium shell, new shutter
III – (1950) 4 element Complan lens,
IIIs – (1954) + flash synch
B – 1958 to 1972 ultralight aluminium shell, selenium meter
B – (1958) Complan lens
B – (1970) Minox lens
C – 1969 to 1978 introduced in 1969, electronic
C – (1969) Complan lens
C – (1970) Minox lens
BL – 1972 to 1973 with cadmium sulphide meter (requiring a battery), no longer wound film with each open/close cycle
LX – 1978 to now
LX – (1978) electronic, in anodized aluminium, black aluminium, gold and platinum finish
TLX – (1995) titanium titanal eloxat coated (available again as special order)
EC – 1981 to 2004
EC – (1981) more economical model, smallest Minox
ECX – (1998) minor changes to the EC
MX, distinct model with Minox MX FLASH. Thumb wheel film advance and shutter cocking, mechanical shutter speed 1/125 sec, lens 1:4.8 15mm three element in 2 group glass lens, focusing dial: 1M,2M,4M and infinity.
Special edition runs
AX – similar in size the A (all mechanical) and built from BL parts with an LX shell, versions in chrome, black and gold
LX Sterling – 925 sterling silver hallmarked ¬100 produced
LX Selection – gold with black dials 999 produced
LX Gold II – anniversary edition, cross-hatched gold-plating, with Walter Zapp's signature
LX Platin – Limited edition platinum Minox LX
CLX – with Walter Zapp's signature
LX 2000 – brass black anodized with gold trim
Aviator – black anodized with luminous dials, logo and script limited edition of 300
MHS EC – Minox Historical Society EC with MHS logo limited edition of 100
MinoxClub EC – 1st German Minox club EC in Riga blue with club logo, limited edition of 111.
LX 100th Anniversary Edition – polished chrome with Walter Zapp's commemorative coin
The total number of all Minox 8x11 cameras made was about 944,500 units.
Minox 8×11 accessories
Minox tripod, ver 1 and 2
Minox tripod adapter (3 Variations: Riga, (A/II/III/B,BL,C) and (LX/TLX/CLX)
Minox copy stand (2 Variations (LX and non-LX Cameras)
Minox waist level finder ((2 Variations (A,B)
Minox 90 degree mirror (3 Variations (A,B and 'universal')
Minox film slitter (Minox and non-Minox produced)
Minox enlargers (Colour and Black and White)
Minosix selenium exposure meter (For A Cameras)
Minox flashgun (Bulb and Cubeflash)
Minox electronic flash (3 types, ME1/ME2 and 8x11)
Minox binocular adapter (2 types LX and non-LX Cameras)
Minox microfilm reader (At least 2 types)
Minox daylight development tank with thermometer (2 types: Riga and Minox)
Minox negative viewer and cutter
Minox film wallets (for 50 or 36 exposure films)
Minox battery adapter, for replacement of discontinued PX27 5.6v mercury battery used in electromagnetic Minox cameras.
Minox 8x11 format slide projector
Matching the size of the slide film for the 8×11 MINOX cameras, MINOX also produced slide projectors ending with the auto-focus HP24 model.
Minox 35 mm cameras
Minox 35 mm compact cameras
In 1974, Minox introduced a very compact (100 mm × 61 mm × 31 mm), glass fibre reinforced Makrolon bodied 35 mm film camera designed by Professor Fischer of Vienna University: the Minox EL, the first one in Minox 35 mm series. These compact cameras featured a drawbridge style lens cover which when lowered brought forward a 35 mm focal length f/2.8 four-element, three-group Tessar-type Minotar/Minoxar lens with between the lens leaf shutter and diaphragm, a center positioned viewfinder, two stroke film winder lever and a film rewind knob. The Minox 35 camera back must be removed for loading or unloading film.
The camera offered aperture priority exposure with the option of manual settings. The Minox 35ML and Minox M.D.C offer program mode (P mode) exposure in addition to aperture priority. The 35 mm/2.8 Minotar/Minoxar lens was very sharp, with low distortion, while the camera's metering-system's capability to produce excellent results especially under low-light conditions was outstanding – using exposure times of up to two minutes.
Some models have a 2x backlit exposure switch and a 10 sec timer switch. When the timer is engaged, a flashing LED indicates the timer counter is counting down, for the last two sec, the flash interval shortened.
Until 1995, the Minox 35 cameras were considered the smallest cameras for the standard 35 mm film format. The design was inspired by the Rollei 35, which had been the smallest 35 mm camera for eight years. The Rollei 35 is only slightly bigger, but much heavier than the Minox 35 cameras. However, the Minolta TC-1, introduced in 1996, is smaller.
Minox 35 mm compact camera versions
Minox EL, 1974
MINOX GL, 1979–1981
MINOX GT, 1981–1991
MINOX GT-Golf, 1984
Minox GT-Sport
All the above models use a single 5.6 v PX27 battery which can be replaced with two CR 1/3N 3 V Lithium Batteries
by using an adapter.
MINOX PL, 1982–1983, program-controlled version of EL- or G-series
MINOX ML, 1985–1995
MINOX MB, 1986–1999
MINOX AL, 1987–1988, simplified program-controlled version of EL- or G-series
MINOX AF, 1988–1990, autofocus
MINOX GT-E, 1988–1993 with built in UV filter.
MINOX AF-90, 1990–, autofocus
MINOX MB Touring, 1990
MINOX Goldknopf 1991–1993, EL- or G-series version with a solid gold button for shutter release.
MINOX GSE, 1991–1994
MINOX M.D.C, 1992–1995. This is the flagship of Minox 35 mm series. MDC differs from all other models by its anodized aluminium shell over Macrolon body; with two styles: a gold plated model and a titanium coated model. MDC has a multicoated Minoxar 35 mm/2.8 lens, all other functions are identical to Minox 35ML. Due to the extra metal shell, the dimension of Minox M.D.C is slightly larger than other Minox 35 cameras.
MINOX MDC gold Collection, 1993–1994
MINOX AF mini, 1994–, autofocus
MINOX GT-X, 1998–1999
MINOX GT-E(II), 1998–2001
MINOX GT-S, 1998–2004
All the above, except ML, and MDC use 2 x CR 1/3N 3V Lithium batteries or a single 6V SPX27 silver oxide battery. ML, and MDC use a single 6V PX28 battery.
Accessories for Minox 35 include: UV filter, ND filter, lens hood, eveready leather case, and dedicated electronic flash.
Other Minox 35 mm cameras
The few 35 mm cameras offered were of the "point and shoot" style:
MINOX M*142
MINOX M*142 DB
MINOX CD-25 silver
MINOX CD-25 black
MINOX CD-29 silver
MINOX CD-29 black
MINOX CD-70 silver
MINOX CD-70 black
MINOX CD-112 silver
MINOX CD112 black
MINOX CD-128
MINOX CD-140
MINOX Edition 140
MINOX CD-150
MINOX CD-155
Other products
Minox 110 camera
MINOX 110S, a 110 film format camera was also once sold. The Minox 110S has a Carl Zeiss Tessar 25 mm/2.8 unit focusing lens, and magicube flash. It is the only camera with a rangefinder made by Minox. An external electronic flashgun was also available. Users report that the 110S provides particularly good results on modern 110 film.
Miniature retro cameras
Minox briefly expanded its range of 8×11 models by offering Minox-badged cameras styled as miniatures of famous classic film cameras of the past, manufactured by Sharan Megahouse of Japan, including:
Leica If
Leica IIIf
Leica M3
Rolleiflex TLR
Zeiss Contax I
Hasselblad SWC.
All these retro cameras are equipped with 15mm F5.6 triplet lens, and 1/250 sec shutter. Using
Minox film in Minox cassette, image size 8x11mm.
Minox digital cameras
Later, a range of digital cameras was offered.
Digital miniature retro cameras
The digital camera offerings also included similar miniature retro cameras to the 8x11-based models:
DCC Rolleiflex AF 5.0
DCC Minox Leica M3
Rolleiflex minidigi (out of production)
DCC 5.1 (2011)
DCC Minox 5.1 Coloured (2012) DCC 5.1 Colour Collection
DCC 14mp (2013) Minox 2013 catalogue 2013 DCC 14mp
Minox DSC subminiature digital camera
At photokina in 2008, Minox announced a new subminiature digital camera called the DSC, (Digital Spy Camera) with a 3 megapixel sensor that outputs 5 megapixel interpolated images. It includes some design cues of the Minox LX but otherwise does not resemble the original cameras.
Minox DSC silver, with 9.0mm/F2.0 focusing lens, 0.6M,1M and infinity
Current products
Minox currently produces optics for nature and wildlife observation, for marine and water sports purposes, and for hunting.
Binoculars
Riflescopes
Digital trail cameras (nature and wildlife observation cameras)
Spotting scopes
Night vision equipment
Macroscopes
References and notes
Further reading
Heckmann, Hubert E. MINOX The Queen of Spy Cameras, Variations in 8x11, Wittig Books 2012,
Heckmann, Hubert E. MINOX Variations in 8x11, Wittig Books,
Kadlubek, Gunther. Classic Camera Collection, Verlag Rudolf Hillebrand
Moses, Morris and Wade, John. Spycamera: The Minox Story, 2nd ed.,
Young, D. Scott. Minox: Marvel in Miniature,
Kasemeier, Rolf. Small Minox – Big Picture, Heering-Verlag, 1971, 45th–52nd thousand,
Emanuel, W.D. Minox Guide, Focal Press, Tenth Edition, 1979
Rolf Kasemeier Die Minox 35 Ringier Verlag, Munchen 1983
Eberhard, Peter. Oktaeder, Spy-cam Sketches. Minox 8X11 edition peer Luzern 2012,
Robert Wallace and H. Keith Melton, with Henry R. Schlesinger, Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA's Spytechs, from Communism to al-Qaeda, New York, Dutton, 2008.
See also
Walter Zapp
VEF
List of digital camera brands
External links
– official site
Walter Zapp's pronunciation of "Minox"
Minox Historical Society
Minox 35 mm Cameras
35mm – Variation in Minox Subminiature Cameras
Models and serial nos. of all Minox 8x11 cameras
VEF Minox Riga – Fan Website
8x11 – Variations in Minox Subminiature Cameras
Minox camera forum
M.S. Hobbies Limited UK Minox Specialist since 1969
Photography companies of Germany
Photography in Latvia
Photography in the Soviet Union
Subminiature cameras
Estonian inventions
Latvian inventions
Wetzlar |
Marolambo is a village and commune (kaominina) located in the Atsinanana region of eastern Madagascar. It is along the Nosivolo River near the junction with the Sandranamby River, and is also the capital of the Marolambo District.
Overview
The town was founded by French colonialists, though their footprint was limited. It is the largest town on the Nosivolo River. The area is so remote that no automobiles were present in the town between 1972 and 2006, according to a 2010 report. From the mid-1940s until the early 1970s it was possible to reach the village by car, but the road deteriorated from lack of maintenance.
According to researcher Hilde Nielssen, who has done anthropology field work in the area, the lack of infrastructure and remoteness of the area makes it a relatively undesirable placement for outsiders such as government officials and medical workers. Nevertheless, Marolambo is still a local center for commerce, education, and health in the area, as it has a public and private high school, public and private hospital, and a few merchants.
A small airstrip was built near the village by Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF) around 1993 by shearing off hilltops, though its dirt surface would suffer damage from erosion during the rainy season. Between 2007 and 2009, the airstrip was paved by MAF, who brings supplies to the area.
The Nosivolo River is known for its biodiversity, and the endangered Oxylapia polli (locally known as the songatana) fish species (among other rare species) is found in the Marolambo rapids near the village.
Nature
Marolambo National Park
Religion
FJKM - Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara (Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar)
FLM - Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy (Malagasy Lutheran Church)
Roman Catholic Church has got a mission since 1989.
Access
Marolambo is of difficult acces, most of the year only tractors pass the unpaved National road 23 of 130 km from Mahanoro.
References
Populated places in Atsinanana |
Ann Rosemary Sayer MBE (16 October 1936 – 15 April 2020) was an English long-distance walker and rower. Sayer rowed for Great Britain at the Women's European Rowing Championships in 1960, 1962 and 1964. In 1977, she became the first woman to qualify as a Centurion, walking 100 miles in under 24 hours. In 1980 she set a still unbroken record for the fastest ever walk by a woman from Land's End to John o' Groats.
In the 2005 Birthday Honours, Sayer was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire for service to sport.
Sayer died from COVID-19 in 2020.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Long distance walkers
English female racewalkers
English racewalkers
English female rowers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in England |
Kloogaranna is a village in Lääne-Harju Parish, Harju County, Estonia. It has a population of 121 (1 January 2004).
Kloogaranna has a station on the Elron rail line and is served by up to three daily trains from Tallinn main station (Balti jaam).
Kloogaranna has a long sandy beach just by the train station. During the Soviet era it was very popular, nowadays it's less crowded and for many years there were no facilities. Since 2021 there is a small café by the beach and a kiosk which sell ice cream.
See also
Klooga
References
Villages in Harju County |
The Z-100 computer is a personal computer made by Zenith Data Systems (ZDS). It was a competitor to the IBM PC.
Design
The Zenith Data Systems Z-100 is a pre-assembled version of the Heathkit H100 electronic kit. In the same family, the Z-120 is an all-in-one model with self-contained monitor, and the Z-110 (called the low profile model) is similar in size to the cabinet of an IBM PC. Both models have a built-in keyboard that was modeled after the IBM Selectric typewriter.
Dual processors: 8085 and 8088.
Available with CP/M and Z-DOS (non-IBM compatible MS-DOS variant).
Five S-100 expansion slots.
Two 320 KB 40-track double-sided 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. Socket enabled direct plug-in of external 8-inch floppies.
2× serial ports (2661 UART), one Centronics printer port (discrete TTL chips), light pen port.
640×225 bitmap display. 8 colors (low-profile model), or monochrome upgradable to 8 greyscales (all-in-one).
Base 128 KB RAM, expandable to 192 KB on board, to 768 KB with S-100 cards. (Video RAM was paged into the 64 KB block above 768 KB).
The Z-100 is partially compatible with the IBM PC, using standard floppy drives. It runs a non-IBM version of MS-DOS, so generic MS-DOS programs run, but most commercial PC software use IBM BIOS extensions and do not run, including Lotus 1-2-3. Several companies offered software or hardware solutions to permit unmodified PC programs to work on the Z-100.
The Z-100 has unusually good graphics for its era, superior to the contemporary CGA (640×200 monochrome bitmap or 320×200 4-color), IBM Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) (80×25 monochrome text-only), and with 8 colors or grayscales available at a lower resolution than the Hercules Graphics Card (720×348 monochrome). Early versions of AutoCAD were released for the Z-100 because of these advanced graphics.
Aftermarket vendors also released modifications to upgrade mainboard memory and permit installation of an Intel 8087 math coprocessor.
Uses
In 1983, Clarkson College of Technology (now Clarkson University) became the first college in the nation to give each incoming freshman a personal computer. The model issued to them was the Z-100.
In 1986, the US Air Force awarded Zenith Data Systems a $242 million contract for 90,000 Z-100 desktop computers.
Reception
Jerry Pournelle in 1983 praised the Z-100's keyboard, and wrote that it "had the best color graphics I've seen on a small machine". Although forced to buy a real IBM PC because of the Z-100 and other computers' incomplete PC compatibility, he reported in December 1983 that a friend who was inexperienced with electronic kits was able to assemble a Z-100 in a day, with only the disk controller needing soldering. Ken Skier praised the computer's reliability in the magazine in January 1984 after using the computer for more than 40 hours a week for eight months. While criticizing its inability to read other disk formats, he approved of Zenith's technical support, documentation, and keyboard and graphics. Skier concluded that those who "want a well-designed, well-built, well-documented system that runs the best of 8-bit and 16-bit worlds" should "consider the Zenith Z-100".
References
External links
Z-100 information and pictures from the DigiBarn Computer Museum
Heathkit / Zenith Z100/110/120 at old-computers.com
Z-100 Software and Manual archive from Antediluvian Designs
Z80-based home computers
8086-based home computers
Zenith Data Systems |
Hasan bin Bahrom (born 10 April 1956) is a Malaysian politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tampin from May 2018 to November 2022 and Chancellor of the Malacca Islamic University College from September 2018 to April 2020. He is a member of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.
Election result
Honours
:
Companion Class I of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DMSM) – Datuk (2018)
References
Living people
1956 births
People from Negeri Sembilan
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian people of Minangkabau descent
National Trust Party (Malaysia) politicians
Members of the Dewan Rakyat |
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Feet Fall Heavy is the second studio album by English alternative rock band Kill It Kid. It was released on 19 September 2011 by One Little Independent Records.
Production
The album was recorded at Fortress Studios in Shoreditch, UK, with producer Leo Abrahams over a period of ten days.
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Chris Turpin – guitar, vocals
Stephanie Ward – piano, vocals
Marc Jones – drums, vocals
Adam Timmins – bass, guitar, vocals
Production
Leo Abrahams – producer
Charlie Francis – engineer, mixing
References
External links
Feet Fall Heavy at One Little Independent Records
2011 albums
One Little Independent Records albums |
Kathrin "Kaddi" Fricke, better known by her pseudonym Coldmirror, is a German YouTube creator and comedian. The pseudonym was inspired by the song "Creatures That Kissed in Cold Mirrors" by the band Cradle of Filth. She operates one of the most popular German YouTube channels, moderated radio and television programmes, and publishes blog and vlog entries.
Early life
Fricke was born and raised in Bremen and studied art history and philosophy at the University of Bremen. She finished her bachelor's degree in 2010 with a research paper about the production of video films and a film project about Internet and video game addiction.
According to her own statements, she suffered from strong depression for domestic reasons. In an interview on the YouTube channel "clixoom" she explained that, among other things, the Harry Potter series and the desire to know how it would continue gave her energy and safeguarded her from suicide. However, she stated that this was not necessarily due to the books' exciting plots, but rather simply "having something that you can look forward to."
Kathrin Fricke began early, together with a friend, to record radio dramas, which laid the foundation of her creativity. In 2000 she joined the team of "MixX", a youth television broadcast, as voluntary editor. At this time she compiled her first own websites, where she, for example, published self-drawn pictures with fantasy plots. Her fan fictions with the characters of the Harry Potter series occupied a significant part of her website and stirred attention on the Internet.
Video performance on YouTube
The YouTube channel "Coldmirror" went online on 2 October 2006. The first videos consisted of archive material from Fricke's time as editor for "MixX". After this, Fricke created the videos for the most part alone. Her YouTube channel portrays a continuation of her earlier works in video form.
Starting in fall 2006, Fricke re-dubbed three Harry Potter movies for comic effect: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in Harry Potter und ein Stein (i.e. Harry Potter and a Stone), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets in Harry Potter und der geheime Pornokeller (i.e. Harry Potter and the Secret Porn Cellar) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in Harry Potter und der Plastik Pokal (i.e. Harry Potter and the Plastic Cup). In her version, the protagonists make frequent use of taboo topics, foul language and references to Internet and pop culture.
Fricke's YouTube account was temporarily deactivated because these re-dubs were considered copyright violations.
Furthermore, she produced multiple music videos and albums portraying Albus Dumbledore as a gangsta rapper, called "Fresh D".
In December 2015, she launched a podcast called "5 Minuten Harry Podcast" (5 Minutes Harry Podcast) in which she talks about 5 minutes each of the first Harry Potter movie and explores random facts about what it is seen in the sequences. It soon became one of the most successful podcasts in German. New episodes are posted irregularly on podcast platforms and her YouTube channel and often reach many million views within the first hours of publishing.
Radio and television broadcast
Since 2010, Fricke has been active as a moderator in radio and television broadcasts. For the youth channel of Hessischer Rundfunk's You FM, she produces the broadcast Der YOU FM Game Check mit Coldmirror, in which she tests video games.
The television channel Einsfestival has broadcast a programme by Kathrin Fricke under the title coldmirror. The 15-minute programme was shown every month on the first Thursday at 8:45 pm.
This broadcast is content-oriented to Fricke's Internet productions. It is available in individual segments such as video game parody or commercial parody, which can be seen in parts on the Internet and are only technically improved for television. Furthermore, the dubs are shown, that originate with ARD's own material. Politician performances are shown in the broadcast, which Fricke puts behind her own text. Fricke's own category of the TV format is the "Netmob Challenge", in which the viewers are given a task (example: eat a piece of bread in less than a minute or spin in a circle for 30 seconds and then approach the camera), of which they send the result in if the task is fulfilled, which is shown in a compilation.
The category of broadcast which is probably most successful is the so-called "Misheard Lyrics", a copy or continuation of the already available YouTube-Trends, by which, during songs, similar-sounding, although incorrect, lyrics are shown, and the whole is titled as "Misheard". One of the most popular original videos is "Nightwish – Wishmaster". A video from this category, in which the song "Git Hadi Git" from the Turkish singer Ismail YK is parodied as "Keks, alter Keks" (English: Cookie, old Cookie), was originally uploaded from a fan on YouTube and received nearly 350.000 views on the day of upload. Through this, the video went into the list of YouTube-Trends and was copied by more users and uploaded into their channels as the video gained more popularity in the YouTube community. It was also shown on the Bülent Ceylan Show on RTL Television on 19 February 2011 and evoked a strong media reaction with contributions and more in the online edition of the Tageszeitung. and on Sat.1. After the positive media response, Fricke was assigned to produce more Misheard Lyrics videos for the FIFA Women's World Cup, which, among other things, were shown in the Sportschau.
Categories of Broadcast:
Misheard Lyrics
Game Check
Commercial
Netmob
Synchro (since Season 1 Episode 02)
Friends (since Season 1 Episode 07)
Anime (since Season 2 Episode 01)
What the FAQ?! (since Season 2 Episode 01)
Kaddi's Cut (since Season 2 Episode 03)
Awards
On 20 February 2011, Fricke was awarded the Grey Young Talent Award (German: Grey-Nachwuchspreis) in the competition for the first German Web Video Award (German: Deutscher Webvideopreis). She also was nominated in the category "Personality", which was won by Holger Kreymeier. In the context of the event, Fricke was also a guest in an episode of Kreymeier's Fernsehkritik-TV.
On 16 August 2011, YOU FM was nominated with Kathrin Fricke for the German Radio Prize (German: Deutscher Radio Preis) 2011 in the category "Best Innovation".
In January 2012, the European Web Video Academy announced that Fricke would be a jury member of the 2nd Webvideopreis.
Diskography
Albums
2005: Stay Fresh, Stay Dumb!
2006: Underground
2007: Dumbledore’s Army
2007: Großmutterficker
2007: Audiovergewaltigung
2008: Post für mich
2008: Tubal Uriah Butler
2011: Dumblecore
Singles and Videoclips
2006: Back from The Underground
2006: Geddo im Zoo
2007: Wenn du denkst
2007: Fresh D. vs. MCV
2008: Fresh D vs. MC V im TS
2008: Xtreme Dumbledore
2009: Tromaggot
2009: Im Altenheim
2009: Ho Ho Ho …
2012: Workstatt
2013: Musikvideo
2013: Die Alten
2013: FreshDs fedder Beat
2014: Sit’n’Dance
2014: Großmutterficker (Naughty Neuinterpretation)
2016: Frisch ausm Rhymebook
as feature Artist
2010: Stamm Rein & Ode to Jam II on The River Of Ezar by Aequitas
References
External links
YouTube channel
Coldmirror Wiki (in German)
Living people
German Internet celebrities
German radio personalities
German television personalities
Mass media people from Bremen (city)
Harry Potter fandom
Works based on Harry Potter
German women comedians
1984 births |
"Power play" is a sporting term used to describe a period of play where one team has a numerical advantage in players, usually due to a rule violation by the opposing team.
Temporary numerical advantage in players during a team sport
In several team sports, situations arise where following a rules infraction, one team is penalized by having the number of players on the field of play temporarily reduced. The term power play is commonly applied to the state of advantage the unpenalized team enjoys during this time. Specialized tactics and strategies can apply while a team is on the power play.
Ice hockey
In ice hockey, a team is considered to be on a power play when at least one opposing player is serving a penalty, and the team has a numerical advantage on the ice (whenever both teams have the same number of players on the ice, there is no power play). Up to two players per side may serve in the penalty box without substitutions being permitted, giving a team up to a possible 5-on-3 power play.
There are three types of penalties that can result in a power play for the non-offending team: minor (two minutes), double-minor (four minutes), and major (five minutes). For such penalties, the offending player is ruled off the ice and no substitute for the penalized player is permitted. If a goaltender commits either a minor, a double-minor, or a major penalty, another player who was on the ice at the time of the penalty would serve the penalty instead. A power play resulting from a minor penalty ends if the team with more players on the ice scores. A double-minor penalty is treated as if the player has committed two minor penalties back to back: a goal scored by the team with advantage in the first two minutes only ends the first minor penalty (and the second will start after the game restarts); a goal by the team with advantage in the last two minutes of the penalty will end the power play even if a goal was scored during the first part of the double-minor penalty. If a player is given a major penalty, a power play occurs, but the power play does not terminate even if the team on the power play scores (except in overtime as this ends the game); a major penalty only ends when five minutes have elapsed or the game has ended. A match penalty results in the offending player being ejected from the game (and the player is subject to possible further suspensions), but is otherwise treated the same as a major penalty.
If a team is still on a power play at the end of a regulation period, or at the end of a playoff overtime period, the power play will continue into the following period. "Misconduct" penalties (10 minutes in duration), and "game misconduct" penalties (offending player is ejected for the balance of the game) allow for substitution of the offending player, so do not result in power plays. However, in practice misconduct and game misconduct penalties are often assessed in addition to a major or minor penalty.
Special rules govern situations where three or more players on the same team must serve penalties simultaneously. They are designed to ensure a team can always have at least three skaters on the ice whilst also ensuring all penalties are fully "served" (assuming the game does not end first). In the simplest example, if Andy is assessed a minor penalty, followed by Barry, and both are still in the penalty box when Charlie also receives a minor penalty:
Charlie may be substituted prior to play resuming;
The two minutes Charlie must serve do not commence until Andy's penalty expires or team on the power play scores, whichever comes first;
If the team on the power play scores prior to Andy's penalty expiring but before Barry's, Andy's penalty ends and he may leave the penalty box, but his team must still play two men short until Barry's penalty expires;
If the team on the power play does not score prior to Andy's penalty expiring, Andy must remain in the penalty box until Barry's penalty expires or there is a stoppage in play, whichever comes first;
Provided there is no stoppage in play, Andy will leave the penalty box when Barry's penalty expires, Barry will leave the penalty box when Charlie's penalty expires (putting their team back at full strength) and Charlie will remain in the penalty box until the next stoppage in play.
A goal scored by the short-handed team during a power play is called a short-handed goal; However, a short-handed goal does not affect the power play, the short-handed team must still serve the duration of the minor penalty. If a power play ends without a goal against the shorthanded team, it is said to have killed the penalty. If a team scores on the power play, it is said to have converted the power play (that is, converted the opportunity into a goal).
During a power play, the shorthanded team may launch the puck to the opposite end of the rink, and play will continue; icing is not called. The only exception is in U.S. youth hockey (14-and-under), in which icing is enforced at all times.
In leagues that conduct overtime with fewer than five skaters per side, the concept of the power play still exists, but its application is slightly modified. For example, the NHL uses a 3-on-3 format for overtime in the regular season, with three skaters plus the goaltender. If regulation play ends with a team on the power play, the advantaged team starts overtime with more than three skaters (almost always four, very rarely five). Similarly, if a player is penalized during overtime, the non-penalized team is allowed to play with an extra skater for the duration of the penalty, with two extra skaters if two players on the same team are serving penalties.
Lacrosse
In box lacrosse, a power play is very similar to ice hockey, with two-minute minor penalties and five-minute majors. In field lacrosse, a similar type of penalty situation exists, though the duration of the penalty is only 30 seconds for technical fouls, one minute or more for personal fouls, and up to three minutes for use of an illegal stick, unsportsmanlike conduct and certain violent contact fouls such as targeting. Depending on the infraction, the penalty may "release" early if a goal is scored by the other team, or may be "non-releasable", meaning the full duration must be served. The term "power play" is not used in field lacrosse, but called "extra man offense" (EMO) or "man up" for the team fouled and "man down" for the offending team.
Muggle Quidditch
In quidditch, a power play occurs when a member of the opposing team is given a blue, yellow, or red card. A player serving time for a blue card or yellow card must remain in the penalty box for one minute or until the other team scores. If a player is assessed a red card, that player is ejected from the game and a substitute must remain in the penalty box for two minutes. This two minutes must be served in full, regardless of how many times the opposing team scores during the penalty. A player receiving a second yellow card in the same game is automatically assessed a red card. Blue cards do not stack; a player may be assessed any number of blue cards without being automatically assessed a more severe card.
A team can never have a keeper in the penalty box. If the keeper is sent to the penalty box, the penalized keeper must immediately switch positions with a chaser teammate. If all chasers are already in the penalty box, the penalized keeper must switch with a beater or seeker teammate. If the keeper's penalty results in that team having all of its players in play serving time in the penalty box, that team forfeits the game.
Analogous concepts not generally referred to as a "power play"
In water polo, a shorter version of the ice hockey or lacrosse penalty situation exists as well. It is referred to as "man up" or "man down".
In futsal, there exists a situation which is essentially a power play. When a player is shown a red card and is thus ejected from the game, the penalized team must play short-handed for two minutes, similar to ice hockey. If a goal is scored, the team returns to full strength.
In other forms of indoor soccer, usually played in the United States, there also exists a power play situation similar to ice hockey.
In indoor American football, the 1988 proposed World Indoor Football League had intended to establish a perpetual power play, in which the offense would always have one man more on the field than the defense. Fan Controlled Football added the power play (explicitly identified as such) as one of its power-ups, a special one-play rule change that each team can exercise each half.
In rugby union, a player who is shown a yellow card is ruled off the field of play for a period of ten minutes (two minutes in the seven-a-side variation). The player may not be replaced, their team must play one player short while they are off the field. The temporary sending-off is usually called a "sin binning".
In association football, a player who is shown a red card (whether or not it is a straight red or a second yellow) is ejected and may not be replaced to the remainder of the game; the team must play with one fewer player.
Other uses of "power play"
Netball
Several variant formats of netball introduce the concept of a power play, a designated quarter where all goals scored by a team are worth twice as normal:
In the original fastnet format, when a team uses it in a quarter, all goals scored by that team are worth twice as normal. This means that if a shooter (Goal Shooter or Goal Attack) scores a goal outside the goal circle, the goal is worth 4 goals instead of 2. It is also possible for both teams to use their power play in the same quarter.
In the current fast5 format, when a team uses it in a quarter, all goals scored by that team are worth twice as normal. A shooter that scores a goal within 3.5 meters from the goal post scores two points instead of one. Four points (instead of two) if the goal was scored at least 3.5 meters away from the goal post but within the goal circle. If the goal was scored from outside of the goal circle (known as a super goal), six points is scored instead of three. The winner of the coin toss chooses which quarter to have this power play and the other team must choose a different quarter for their power play. This prevents both teams from having their power plays in the same quarter.
Cricket
A powerplay is a feature introduced into One Day International (ODI) cricket in 1991 (and subsequently into Twenty20 and 100-ball cricket) concerning fielding restrictions. In a powerplay, restrictions are applied on the fielding team, with only two fielders allowed outside the 30-yard circle for a set number of overs. It is intended to add to the excitement by encouraging more aggressive batting. Prior to 2015, the batting team could declare a powerplay at a time of their choice during the innings, but as of 2015, the powerplay now occurs at set times, with an ODI innings now comprising three powerplays with varying levels of restrictions.
Power Snooker
In Power Snooker, this arises when a player pots the power ball. This triggers a period of time whereby all points scored are doubled.
Roller Derby
Commonly known as a "power jam", a power play occurs in roller derby when a team's designated scoring skater (jammer) is serving a penalty.
Curling
In the mixed doubles version of curling, a rule called a power play was introduced in the 2016–17 season. Each team can exercise the power play in one end per game, only when they have the hammer (throwing the last rock in an end). Instead of positioning the rock in the house on the center line, it is placed to a position straddling the edge of the eight-foot circle, with the back edge of the stone touching the tee line. The opponent's guard stone is placed in line with the stone in the house and the hack. The power play cannot be used in an extra end.
See also
Short-handed (another sports term)
Sports strategy
References
Ice hockey terminology
Cricket terminology |
```python
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# ==============================================================================
"""A smoke test for VGGish.
This is a simple smoke test of a local install of VGGish and its associated
downloaded files. We create a synthetic sound, extract log mel spectrogram
features, run them through VGGish, post-process the embedding ouputs, and
check some simple statistics of the results, allowing for variations that
might occur due to platform/version differences in the libraries we use.
Usage:
- Download the VGGish checkpoint and PCA parameters into the same directory as
the VGGish source code. If you keep them elsewhere, update the checkpoint_path
and pca_params_path variables below.
- Run:
$ python vggish_smoke_test.py
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
import resampy # pylint: disable=import-error
import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf
import vggish_input
import vggish_params
import vggish_postprocess
import vggish_slim
print('\nTesting your install of VGGish\n')
# Paths to downloaded VGGish files.
checkpoint_path = 'vggish_model.ckpt'
pca_params_path = 'vggish_pca_params.npz'
# Relative tolerance of errors in mean and standard deviation of embeddings.
rel_error = 0.1 # Up to 10%
# Generate a 1 kHz sine wave at 16 kHz, the preferred sample rate of VGGish.
num_secs = 3
freq = 1000
sr = 16000
t = np.arange(0, num_secs, 1 / sr)
x = np.sin(2 * np.pi * freq * t)
# Check that we can resample a signal. Don't use the resampled signal to
# produce an embedding where we check the results because we don't want
# to depend on the resampler never changing too much.
resampled_x = resampy.resample(x, sr, sr * 0.75)
print('Resampling via resampy works!')
# Produce a batch of log mel spectrogram examples.
input_batch = vggish_input.waveform_to_examples(x, sr)
print('Log Mel Spectrogram example: ', input_batch[0])
np.testing.assert_equal(
input_batch.shape,
[num_secs, vggish_params.NUM_FRAMES, vggish_params.NUM_BANDS])
# Define VGGish, load the checkpoint, and run the batch through the model to
# produce embeddings.
with tf.Graph().as_default(), tf.Session() as sess:
vggish_slim.define_vggish_slim()
vggish_slim.load_vggish_slim_checkpoint(sess, checkpoint_path)
features_tensor = sess.graph.get_tensor_by_name(
vggish_params.INPUT_TENSOR_NAME)
embedding_tensor = sess.graph.get_tensor_by_name(
vggish_params.OUTPUT_TENSOR_NAME)
[embedding_batch] = sess.run([embedding_tensor],
feed_dict={features_tensor: input_batch})
print('VGGish embedding: ', embedding_batch[0])
print('embedding mean/stddev', np.mean(embedding_batch),
np.std(embedding_batch))
# Postprocess the results to produce whitened quantized embeddings.
pproc = vggish_postprocess.Postprocessor(pca_params_path)
postprocessed_batch = pproc.postprocess(embedding_batch)
print('Postprocessed VGGish embedding: ', postprocessed_batch[0])
print('postproc embedding mean/stddev', np.mean(postprocessed_batch),
np.std(postprocessed_batch))
# Expected mean/stddev were measured to 3 significant places on 07/25/23 with
# NumPy 1.21.6 / TF 2.8.2 (dating to Apr-May 2022)
# NumPy 1.24.3 / TF 2.13.0 (representative of July 2023)
# with Python 3.10 on a Debian-like Linux system. Both configs produced
# identical results.
expected_embedding_mean = 0.000657
expected_embedding_std = 0.343
np.testing.assert_allclose(
[np.mean(embedding_batch), np.std(embedding_batch)],
[expected_embedding_mean, expected_embedding_std],
rtol=rel_error)
expected_postprocessed_mean = 126.0
expected_postprocessed_std = 89.3
np.testing.assert_allclose(
[np.mean(postprocessed_batch), np.std(postprocessed_batch)],
[expected_postprocessed_mean, expected_postprocessed_std],
rtol=rel_error)
print('\nLooks Good To Me!\n')
``` |
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