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```python from chapter_04.binary_search_tree import BinarySearchTree from chapter_04.binary_tree import BinaryTree def is_binary_search_tree(tree): return _is_bst(tree.root) def _is_bst(node, min_val=None, max_val=None): if not node: return True if (min_val and node.key < min_val) or (max_val and node.key >= max_val): return False return _is_bst(node.left, min_val, node.key) and _is_bst( node.right, node.key, max_val ) def test_is_binary_search_tree(): bst = BinarySearchTree() bst.insert(20) bst.insert(9) bst.insert(25) bst.insert(5) bst.insert(12) bst.insert(11) bst.insert(14) t = BinaryTree() n1 = t.insert(5, None) n2 = t.insert(4, n1) n3 = t.insert(6, n1) n4 = t.insert(3, n2) t.insert(6, n2) t.insert(5, n3) t.insert(2, n4) assert not is_binary_search_tree(t) assert is_binary_search_tree(bst) ```
Kawardha is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh state in India. It is in Kabirdham district and is a segment of Rajnandgaon Lok Sabha seat. The seat used to be part of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly when Chhattisgarh was part of MP. Members of Assembly Madhya Pradesh Assembly, until 2000 1962 : Vishwaraj Singh (RRP) 1993 : Raman Singh (BJP) 1998 : Yogeshwar Raj Singh (INC) Chhattisgarh Assembly, since 2000 2003 : Yogeshwar Raj Singh (INC) 2013 : Ashok Sahu (BJP) Election results 1962 Assembly Election Vishwaraj Singh (RRP) : 16,660 votes Shyamprasad Awasthi (INC) : 6,536 1998 Assembly Election Yogeshwar Raj Singh (INC) : 52,950 votes Dr. Raman Singh (BJP) : 37,524 2003 Assembly Election Yogeshwar Raj Singh (INC) : 51,092 votes Dr. Siyaram Sahu (BJP) : 46,904 2013 Assembly Election Ashok Sahu (BJP) : 93,645 votes Akbar Bhai (INC) : 91,087 2018 See also Kabirdham district List of constituencies of Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly References Kabirdham district Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh
Eveite is a manganese arsenate mineral in the olivenite group. Its chemical formula is Mn2AsO4OH. It is found only in Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden and at the Sterling Mine in New Jersey, United States. It is a dimorph of sarkinite and is isostructural with adamite. The name, for the biblical "Eve", comes from its structural similarities to adamite and is also a reference to its apple-green color. It can also be pale yellow. Eveite is an orthorhombic mineral, which means it has three crystallographic axes of unequal lengths which are at 90° to one another. Eveite is anisotropic, which means that its physical and optical properties differ with respect to direction. It has high relief, which is the apparent topography exhibited by minerals in thin section as a consequence of refractive index. It is biaxial, so it has two optic axes and three indices of refraction n depending on the crystallographic direction. The refractive index is the ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to that in the mineral. The difference between the highest and lowest indices of refraction is called the birefringence, so the birefringence of eveite is β = 0.032. Eveite is significant because it was the first mineral to show Mn2+ atoms in five-fold coordination, which is otherwise undocumented in mineral structures. It is therefore an important addition to the olivenite group. Because it shows up in very small quantities and in only two locations, it has no commercial use. It is relatively low-density and is associated with high-hydrate and low-density arsenates in open cavities, which contributes to its rarity. References Pabst, A. (1970) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 55, 319-320. Moore, P. and Smyth, J. (1968) Crystal Chemistry of the Basic Manganese Arsenates: III. The Crystal Structure of Eveite. American Mineralogist, 53, 1841-1845. Moore, P. (1968) Eveite, Mn22+AsO4OH, a new mineral from Långban. Arkiv För Mineralogi Och Geologi, 4.26, 473-476. Arsenate minerals Manganese(II) minerals Orthorhombic minerals Minerals in space group 58
Protein VAC14 homolog, also known as ArPIKfyve (Associated Regulator of PIKfyve), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAC14 gene. Function The content of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) in endosomal membranes changes dynamically with fission and fusion events that generate or absorb intracellular transport vesicles. The ArPIKfyve protein scaffolds a trimolecular complex to tightly regulate the level of PtdIns(3,5)P2. Other components of this complex are the PtdIns(3,5)P2-synthesizing enzyme PIKFYVE and the Sac1-domain-containing PtdIns(3,5)P2 5-phosphatase Sac3, encoded by the human gene FIG4. VAC14 functions as an activator of PIKFYVE. Studies in VAC14 knockout mice indicate that, in addition to increasing the PtdIns(3,5)P2-producing activity of PIKfyve, VAC14 also controls the steady-state levels of another rare phosphoinositide linked to PIKfyve enzyme activity – phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate. It is seen that VAC14 is scaffold protein that acts in complex with the lipid kinase PIKfyve which works to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, as well as the counteracting phosphatase FIG4, which removes a phosphate group. In addition to the formation of the ternary complex with PIKfyve and Sac3, ArPIKfyve is engaged in a number of other interactions. ArPIKfyve forms a stable complex with the PtdIns(3,5)P2-specific phosphatase Sac3, thereby protecting Sac3 from rapid degradation in the proteasome. ArPIKfyve forms a homooligomer through its carboxyl terminus. However, the number of monomers in the ArPIKfyve homooligomer, ArPIKfyve-Sac3 heterodimer or PIKfyve-ArPIKfyve-Sac3 heterotrimer is unknown. Human Vac14/ArPIKfyve also interacts with the PDZ (post-synaptic density) domain of neuronal nitric oxide synthase but the functional significance of this interaction is still unclear. ArPIKfyve facilitates insulin-regulated GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface. Mouse models VAC14 knock-out mice die at, or shortly after birth and exhibit massive neurodegeneration. Fibroblasts from these mice display ~50% lower levels of PtdIns(3,5)P2 and PtdIns(5)P. A spontaneous mouse VAC14-point mutation (with arginine substitution of leucine156) is associated with reduced life span (up to 3 weeks), body size, enlarged brain ventricles, 50% decrease in PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels, diluted pigmentation, tremor and impaired motor function. Clinical significance The VAC14 gene has been linked to human disease. It is thought that the PIKfyve-VAC14-FIG4 complex plays an important role on the maturation of early endosomes to late endosomes/lysosomes. These organelles play critical roles in vesicular trafficking, which move cargo from donor membrane cells to target membranes within the body. References Further reading
The 2016 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kyoto, Japan between 22 and 28 February. ATP singles main draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of February 15, 2016. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Sora Fukuda Shintaro Imai Ken Onishi Yasutaka Uchiyama The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Andriej Kapaś Yuya Kibi Luke Saville Shuichi Sekiguchi Champions Singles Yūichi Sugita def. Zhang Ze 5–7, 6–3, 6–4 Doubles Gong Maoxin / Yi Chu-huan def. Go Soeda / Yasutaka Uchiyama 6–3, 7–6(9–7) External links Combined Main Draw Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships
The Operations in the Tochi (28 November 1914–27 March 1915) were carried out by Indian Army during World War I on the North West Frontier. The Tochi river flows East from the tribal territories, through North Waziristan, to join the Kurram and the Indus rivers. On the 28 and 29 November a raid by 2,000 tribesmen from Khost was defeated by the North Waziristan Militia near Miranshah, on the Tochi. The next January the militia again defeated a raid by tribesmen which had attacked Spina Khaisora. On 25–26 March a force of over 7,000 tribesmen, threatened Miranshah, but was defeated by the Bannu Brigade together with the local militia. Captain Eustace Jotham It was during these operations when Captain Eustace Jotham was awarded the Victoria Cross. Citation He was buried in the Miranshah Cemetery, North Waziristan, and is commemorated on the Delhi Memorial (India Gate). See also Mohmand blockade Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915 References Battles of World War I involving British India
Megachile addubitans is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1931. References Addubitans Insects described in 1931
Donald Sidney Appleyard (July 26, 1928 – September 23, 1982) was an English-American urban designer and theorist, teaching at the University of California, Berkeley. Born in England, Appleyard studied first architecture, and later urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After graduation, he taught at MIT for six years, and later at the University of California, Berkeley. He worked on neighbourhood design in Berkeley and Athens and citywide planning in San Francisco and Ciudad Guayana. Appleyard gave lectures at over forty universities and acted in a professional capacity in architecture and planning firms in the United Kingdom, Italy and the United States. He died in Athens as a consequence of a traffic collision. His 1981 book Livable Streets was described at the time by Grady Clay, the editor of the Landscape Architecture magazine, as "the most thorough and detailed work on urban streets to date". It contained a comparison of three streets of similar morphology in San Francisco, which had different levels of car traffic: one with 2,000 vehicles per day, the others with 8,000 respectively 16,000 vehicles per day. His empirical research demonstrated that residents of the street with low car traffic volume had three times more friends than those living on the street with high car traffic. Appleyard is co-author with Allan Jacobs of the paper "Toward an Urban Design Manifesto". In 2009, he was named number 57 of Planetizen's Top 100 Thinkers of all time. Publications The View from the Road, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1964. Planning a Pluralistic City, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1967. The Conservation of European Cities, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1979. Livable Streets, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1981 Toward an Urban Design Manifesto, Allan Jacobs and Donald Appleyard. Working Paper published 1982; republished with a prologue in the Journal of the American Planning Association, 1987. References Further reading The Writings of Donald Appleyard, in Places, Vol I, Nr.3 External links Diagram of social interaction relative to car traffic from Livable streets, 1981 Exposure of Appleyards findings Finding Aid to the Donald Appleyard Papers, 1954-1982, bulk 1966-1982, The Bancroft Library Urban theorists MIT School of Architecture and Planning alumni 1928 births 1982 deaths Urban designers UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design faculty Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty Academics from London Road incident deaths in Greece Sustainable transport pioneers
This is a list of the Austrian Singles Chart number-one hits of 2001. See also 2001 in music References 2001 in Austria Austria 2001
Selenochilus omalleyi is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, endemic to New Zealand. References Psydrinae Beetles described in 2013
Osmia ariadne is a species of mason bee of the family Megachilidae. Female specimens were used to describe the species. Its hue is black, and females measure around . It is distributed throughout Greece and Turkey. References Insects described in 1978 ariadne
AHFA may refer to: American Home Furnishings Alliance American Health Foods Association
The second constituency of Kuwait is a legislative constituency in Kuwait. Like the other four constituencies in Kuwait, it elects exactly 10 members to the National Assembly via plurality vote. As of 2022, it currently represents eighteen residential areas and has an electorate of 90,478. The Hawalli and Capital governates are divided between the first, second and third constituencies. The former Speaker of National Assembly, Marzouq Al Ghanim is a member of this district. Areas in Constituency Two Murgab Abdullah Al-Salem Qibla Shuwaikh Shamiya Qadsiya Mansūriya Faiha' Nuzha Sulaibikhat Doha Granada (Kuwait) Qairawān Shuwaikh Shuwaikh Industrial Area Nahdha North West Sulaibikhat Jaber Al-Ahmad City See also Constituencies of the National Assembly of Kuwait Demographics of Kuwait References Notes Citations Politics of Kuwait Electoral districts of Kuwait
The International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC) is an international conference held every four years for the promotion of research within the field of plant nutrition. Prior to 1981, it was known as the International Colloquium on Plant Analysis and Fertiliser Problems. The IPNC is organised by the International Plant Nutrition Council, which "seeks to advance science-based non-commercial research and education in plant nutrition in order to highlight the importance of this scientific field for crop production, food security, human health and sustainable environmental protection". It is considered that the IPNC is the most important international meeting on plant nutrition globally, with more than 800 delegates attending each meeting. The IPNC covers research in the fields of plant mineral nutrition, plant molecular biology, plant genetics, agronomy, horticulture, ecology, environmental sciences, and fertilizer use and production. In honour of Professor Horst Marschner, who was a passionate supporter of students and young researchers, the IPNC has established the Marschner Young Scientist Award for outstanding early-career researchers and PhD students with a potential to become future research leaders. The current President of the International Plant Nutrition Council is Professor Ciro A. Rosolem from the São Paulo State University. The next IPNC is to be held in Iguazu Falls, Brazil, from 22-27 August 2022. Past and future locations for the IPNC: References External links IPNC 2017 Official Website IPNC 2013 Official Website IPNC 2009 Official Website Biology conferences
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 gene. TLR3 is a member of the toll-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA in endosomes, which is a common feature of viral genomes internalised by macrophages and dendritic cells. Function TLR3 is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB. Unlike other TLRs, TLR3 uses TRIF as the sole adaptor. IRF3 ultimately induces the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA, a form of genetic information carried by some viruses such as reoviruses. Additionally, an ephemeral form of double-stranded RNA exists as a replicative intermediate during virus replication. Upon recognition, TLR3 induces the activation of IRF3 to increase production of type I interferons which signal other cells to increase their antiviral defenses. Double-stranded RNA is also recognised by the cytoplasmic receptors RIG-I and MDA-5. TLR3 displays a protective role in mouse models of atherosclerosis, and activation of TLR3 signaling is associated with ischemic preconditioning-induced protection against brain ischemia and attenuation of reactive astrogliosis. Furthermore, TLR3 activation has been shown to promote hair follicle regeneration in skin wound healing. In addition, TLR3 activators show effects on human vascular cells. Structure The structure of TLR3 was reported in June 2005 by researchers at The Scripps Research Institute. TLR3 forms a large horseshoe shape that contacts with a neighboring horseshoe, forming a "dimer" of two horseshoes. Much of the TLR3 protein surface is covered with sugar molecules, making it a glycoprotein, but on one face (including the proposed interface between the two horseshoes), there is a large sugar-free surface. This surface also contains two distinct patches rich in positively charged amino acids, which may be a binding site for negatively charged double-stranded RNA. Despite being a glycoprotein, TLR3 crystallises readily – a prerequisite for structural analysis by x-ray crystallography. Ligands Antagonists CU-CPT4a References Further reading Clusters of differentiation 3
Kira Nagy (born 29 December 1977) is a former professional tennis player from Hungary. She won 18 singles and ten doubles titles at tournaments of the ITF Circuit. Kira won her first match on the WTA Tour in 2007 at the Palermo Ladies Open, defeating German Tatjana Malek 6–2, 7–5, before losing to Émilie Loit. She competed in the 2007 US Open, where she drew Venus Williams in the first round, losing 2–6, 1–6. This was her second Grand Slam tournament, after qualifying for the US Open in 2000. Nagy retired from professional tennis 2014. ITF Circuit finals Singles: 33 (18 titles, 15 runner-ups) Doubles: 22 (10 titles, 12 runner-ups) ITF Junior Circuit Singles (3–2) Doubles (0–2) External links 1979 births Living people Hungarian female tennis players Olympic tennis players for Hungary Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Tennis players from Budapest 20th-century Hungarian women
Stucki is a Swiss surname. Notable people with the surname include: Daniel Stucki (born 1981), Swiss football player Lorna Stucki, British singer It may also be an alternative spelling of Stuckey (surname) Surnames of Swiss origin
Gertrude Breslau Hunt (December 10, 1869 – November 20, 1952) was an American writer and lecturer from Chicago. One of the leading writers for the Socialist Party of America, she often wrote about women's issues, and was active in the suffrage movement. She also published under the name Gertrude Breslau Fuller. Early life Gertrude Breslau was born in Chicago on December 10, 1869. Her father, a war artist named James Cushman Breslau, died when she was an infant, and she was adopted by Henry H. Kaiser and Diadma (Best) Kaiser of Howard County, Iowa. She became a socialist at the age of 16 after studying the single tax question and the temperance movement in Iowa. Career By 1902, she was writing for socialist periodicals and had earned a reputation as "one of the ablest women in the Socialist movement of Illinois." By 1907 she was a national organizer for the Socialist party. She was often described by her contemporaries as a brilliant lecturer, and was involved in the Lyceum movement. She published An Easy Wheel and Other Stories, a work of journalistic fiction depicting working-class and rural life, in 1910. Soon afterwards she moved to Pittsburgh, where she lived the rest of her life. In 1911, she was instrumental in obtaining the release of Fred Merrick, editor of Justice magazine, who had been jailed for libel after exposing brutal treatment of prisoners in the Western Penitentiary in Pennsylvania. The following year, she was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the 1912 Convention of the Socialist Party of America. In 1915, addressing the crowd at a suffrage rally in Pittsburgh, she argued for women's suffrage as a means of achieving equal pay: She later joined the Democratic party and became the state Democratic vice-chairman. In her obituary she is remembered as a "pioneer leader in the Democratic Party in Pittsburgh and the State." She was assistant director of the State Museum of Pennsylvania during Governor George H. Earle's administration in the late 1930s. In 1940, she was living in Pittsburgh and still giving political speeches. Personal life Breslau married several times: to a Mr. Davies in 1900, to Mr. Hunt in 1901, to Mr. Paul Deininger—a former Roman Catholic priest—in 1910, and sometime later to a Mr. Fuller. She died of a stroke in the Leech Farm Hospital in Pittsburgh on November 20, 1952. Selected writings Poem: References External links Full text of An Easy Wheel and Other Stories 1869 births 1952 deaths American socialists 20th-century American educators 20th-century American women educators 20th-century American writers 20th-century American women writers Writers from Chicago Writers from Pittsburgh Educators from Pennsylvania Educators from Illinois American socialist feminists
Nothris leuca is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Filipjev in 1928. It is found in Mongolia. References Chelariini Moths described in 1928
Margevičius (or Margevicius) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Deividas Margevičius (born 1995), Lithuanian swimmer Nick Margevicius (born 1996), American baseball player Vincė Vaidevutė Margevičienė (born 1949),Lithuanian biologist, political prisoner, politician, and a former Member of the Seimas See also Markevičius, a similar surname
Christopher Charles Snopek (born September 20, 1970) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. He is an alumnus of the University of Mississippi. Drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the 6th round of the MLB amateur draft, Snopek would make his Major League Baseball debut with the Chicago White Sox on July 31, 1995, and appeared in his final game on September 27, 1998, for the Boston Red Sox. External links , or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League) 1970 births Living people Baseball players from Kentucky Birmingham Barons players Boston Red Sox players Caribes de Oriente players Chicago White Sox players Indianapolis Indians players Iowa Cubs players Major League Baseball third basemen Major League Baseball shortstops Memphis Redbirds players Nashville Sounds players Ole Miss Rebels baseball players Pawtucket Red Sox players People from Cynthiana, Kentucky Sarasota White Sox players South Bend White Sox players Tacoma Rainiers players Tiburones de La Guaira players American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela Tigres de Aragua players University of Mississippi alumni Utica Blue Sox players
Helen Foster (May 23, 1906 – December 25, 1982) was an American film actress. Early life and career Born in Independence, Kansas, Foster attended school in Kansas City and later attended finishing school in Florida. She began acting in 1924, appearing in comedy shorts and early Westerns. In 1929, she had a role in her first sound film Gold Diggers of Broadway, and was also named a WAMPAS Baby Star that same year. In 1933, Foster starred in the exploitation film Road to Ruin, a remake of the 1928 film of the same name in which Foster also starred. Following the release of Road to Ruin, Foster made only eight more film appearances in mostly uncredited roles. She made her last onscreen appearance as an extra in the 1956 film Around the World in 80 Days. Foster died on December 25, 1982, in Los Angeles at the age of 76. Filmography References External links Actresses from Kansas American film actresses People from Independence, Kansas Western (genre) film actresses 20th-century American actresses 1906 births 1982 deaths WAMPAS Baby Stars
Henry Willoughby, 5th Baron Middleton (19 December 1726 – 14 June 1800), was an English nobleman, the son of Hon. Thomas Willoughby. He was born at York in 1726 and entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1745. He succeeded his father in 1742, inheriting Birdsall House. In 1757, he served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire. He succeeded his cousin Thomas Willoughby to the Middleton barony and estates (Wollaton Park and Middleton Hall, Warwickshire) in 1781. He married Dorothy Cartwright in 1756 and lived in the family seat at Wollaton Park, Nottinghamshire. They had three children: Henry Willoughby, 6th Baron Middleton (1761–1835) Hon. Dorothy Willoughby (d. 13 April 1824, married on 24 November 1784 Richard Langley of Wykeham Abbey Hon. Henrietta Willoughby (d. March 1846), married Richard Lumley-Saunderson, 6th Earl of Scarbrough His memorial is in St. Leonard's Church, Wollaton. References 1726 births 1800 deaths People from Ryedale (district) Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge Fellows of the Royal Society High Sheriffs of Yorkshire Henry 5
Mamón are traditional Filipino chiffon or sponge cakes, typically baked in distinctive cupcake-like molds. In the Visayas regions, mamón are also known as torta mamón or torta. Variants of mamón include the larger loaf-like version called taisan, the rolled version called pianono, and ladyfingers known as broas. Mamón also has two very different variants that use mostly the same ingredients, the cookie-like mamón tostado and the steamed puto mamón. Description Mamón is a very light chiffon or sponge cake known for its soft and fluffy texture. It is traditionally baked in crenelated tin molds which gives it a characteristic cupcake-like shape. It is typically slathered in butter and sprinkled with white sugar and grated cheese. Mamón is commonly eaten for merienda. In the Visayas regions, mamón is known as torta mamón, torta Visaya (or torta Bisaya), or simply torta. Although the name is derived from Spanish torta, "cake", in some Philippine regions torta could also mean "omelette". The Visayan versions are traditionally denser and greasier in texture. They were traditionally made with lard and use palm wine (tubâ) as the leavening agent. Variants Broas The ladyfinger version of mamón is known as broas or broa. The name is derived from Portuguese broa, a type of corn and rye bread from Portugal and Galicia. Broas can either be soft and spongy or crunchy and cookie-like. They are commonly eaten paired with coffee or hot chocolate (sikwate). They are also traditionally used to make icebox cakes in the Philippines, including crema de fruta and mango float. Among Muslim Filipinos, broa (also spelled b'rua, bulwa, or baulo) is a derivative dish. They are eaten similarly and can also come in soft or crunchy versions, but they have a more irregular muffin-like shape. The soft version is like a smaller version of mamón, while the crunchy version is more properly mamón tostado. They are popularly eaten during special occasions and festivals, like Hari Raya. Other notable variants of dry and crunchy broas include the camachile cookies and the lengua de gato cookies. Mamón tostado Mamón tostado is basically a cookie-like version of mamón (from ). It uses the same ingredients and is similarly airy, but it is baked until dry and crunchy. Pianono Pianono or pionono is a rolled version of the mamón. It is typically sold as "cake rolls" in modern times due to its resemblance to the Swiss roll. Originally, its filling was composed only of sugar and butter or margarine, like all other kinds of mamón. It is also traditionally much smaller in diameter than Swiss rolls. But modern versions are larger can vary significantly in the fillings and are usually frosted. Puto mamón Puto mamón is regarded as a type of puto (steamed cake). Taisan Taisan is a loaf-like version of mamón. Like mamón, it is typically slathered in butter and sprinkled with sugar and cheese. Taisan was first developed in Pampanga. It literally means "whetstone" in Kapampangan, and is named for its shape. In popular culture In Filipino idioms, pusong mamón (literally "mamón-hearted") means someone who is overly emotionally-sensitive. It is equivalent to the English idiom "softhearted". It is also used as a euphemism for effeminate gay men (bakla). See also Ube cake Mango cake Bibingka Crema de Fruta Panyalam Pastel de Camiguín References Philippine desserts Steamed foods Sponge cakes
Lino Ravecca (5 April 1920 – 18 March 1999) was an Italian trade unionist and syndicalist. In 1950 he was one of the founders of Italian Labour Union (UIL) one of the biggest Italian trade union centers. He was general secretary of UIL from 27 October 1969 to 27 October 1971. He was also one of the most important politicians within the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) representing this faction within the UIL. He was member of Consiglio Nazionale Economia e Lavoro (CNEL) from 26 January 1977 until his resignation on 31 March 1980. See also Italian Labour Union Notes External links UIL official page CNEL official page 1920 births 1999 deaths Italian trade unionists Italian syndicalists Italian Democratic Socialist Party politicians 20th-century Italian politicians
The following is a list of current and former destinations served by Virgin Atlantic and its subsidiary Virgin Atlantic International . Passenger Cargo In addition to the previously listed destinations served with scheduled passenger service, Virgin Atlantic has also operated scheduled, cargo-only flights on its passenger aircraft to the following destinations : References Lists of airline destinations Virgin Atlantic SkyTeam destinations
```asciidoc //// This file is generated by DocsTest, so don't change it! //// = apoc.refactor.mergeNodes :description: This section contains reference documentation for the apoc.refactor.mergeNodes procedure. label:procedure[] label:apoc-core[] [.emphasis] apoc.refactor.mergeNodes([node1,node2],[{properties:'overwrite' or 'discard' or 'combine'}]) merge nodes onto first in list == Signature [source] ---- apoc.refactor.mergeNodes(nodes :: LIST? OF NODE?, config = {} :: MAP?) :: (node :: NODE?) ---- == Input parameters [.procedures, opts=header] \|=== \| Name \| Type \| Default \|nodes\|LIST? OF NODE?\|null \|config\|MAP?\|{} \|=== == Output parameters [.procedures, opts=header] \|=== \| Name \| Type \|node\|NODE? \|=== [[usage-apoc.refactor.mergeNodes]] == Usage Examples include::partial$usage/apoc.refactor.mergeNodes.adoc[] xref::graph-updates/graph-refactoring/merge-nodes.adoc[More documentation of apoc.refactor.mergeNodes,role=more information] ```
Derc is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately west of Jeziorany and north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. References Derc
Patrick Lawrence Brady (16 March 1895 – 1 May 1944) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Brady was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal during World War I and served again in World War II. He died from illness while on active service on 1 May 1944. Notes External links 1895 births Australian rules footballers from Melbourne Melbourne Football Club players Australian military personnel of World War I Australian Army personnel of World War II 1944 deaths Australian Army officers Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom) Military personnel from Melbourne
A cerebroprotectant (formerly known as a neuroprotectant) is a drug that is intended to protect the brain after the onset of acute ischemic stroke. As stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of adult disability, over 150 drugs tested in clinical trials to provide cerebroprotection. Approved drugs Tissue plasminogen activator (also known as tPA, t-PA, rtPA, Activase, or Alteplase or Actilyse) is a drug that breaks down blood clots. It was first approved in 1996, yet this drug has no generic competition. US sales of the drug under the brand name Activase and a similar drug were approximately US$1.3 billion in 2021, while European sales under the brand name Actilyse were an additional 448 million Euro in 2019. Edaravone (radicut) was approved in Japan in 2001. It has an unknown mechanism of action, but is hypothesized to act through its antioxidant properties. Drugs in development Approval rate While over 150 cerebroprotectants have been tested in clinical trials, as of 2022 only the above two cerebroprotectants are approved, though several clinical trials for other drugs are ongoing. The approval rate has been less than 2%, which is low compared to the overall approval rate of all drugs brought into clinical trials in all disease areas from 2011 to 2022 which was 7.9%. It is also much lower than the relatively high success rate for devices to treat acute ischemic stroke, as there have been at least 5 different clot removal devices approved since 2015. Methods to increase approval rate There are many theories as to the causes of the low approval rate for cerebroprotectants, and many strategies have been suggested in publications to improve the chance of approval of drugs in development. The strategies that journals suggest to improve the chance of approval in clinical trials are outlined below: Choose the right targets Continuous research into the pathophysiology of stroke has led to improved ability to select drugs targets. Acute ischemic strokes start when there is reduced blood flow, often caused by an occlusion, to part of the brain. Even if an occlusion causes a complete blockage of a major artery, there is typically still some blood flow downstream of the blockage through collateral blood vessels. With reduced blood flow, there is reduced oxygen supply, and to compensate the tissue goes through anaerobic metabolism which is much less efficient. If anaerobic metabolism does not provide enough energy, there is energy failure, followed by ion imbalances. Afterwards, the pathophysiology gets complicated and there are thought to be at least eight pathways of tissue damage. By targeting processes near the top of the top of the chain of events, problems further down the chain of events can be avoided. For example, the drug tPA and mechanical thrombectomy devices all target the occlusion which is at the top of the chain of events, and have achieved FDA approval. The next step in the chain of events is hypoxia, and some oxygen delivery drugs have shown strong effects in animal studies, as shown in the table below. If processes further down the chain of events get targeted, there may be many simultaneous problems and the effect of a single therapy may be less, so there may be benefit to using multiple drugs in combination to treat multiple pathways. Choose the best candidates from pre-clinical (animal) studies A 2006 analysis of studies for 1,026 therapies in stroke and theorized that the best drugs from pre-clinical studies were not the ones being brought into clinical trials. Many of the drugs with the strongest signals in pre-clinical models were not the ones later brought into clinical trials. Improve pre-clinical testing Others proposed that the lack of standardization in pre-clinical models made it difficult to select the best drugs. One attempt to address this comes from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke which started the Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network to fund a testing regimen that will allow head-to-head comparisons of different drugs. Treat patients early enough After the onset of stroke, the amount of brain tissue that dies increases over time, leading to the saying, "Time is brain." Treating patients earlier can lead to a greater amount of brain tissue being saved. Protect the brain for long enough An element of clinical trial design that affects the probability that a truly beneficial drug will show benefit is the duration of protection. A truly effective drug that is tested in a clinical trial where it protects the brain for a longer period of time would be expected to show a greater benefit verses a placebo than the same drug in a different clinical trial where it only protects the brain for a shorter period of time. Select patients with salvageable tissue Another element of clinical trial design is the use of imaging biomarkers to select patients that are likely to benefit from therapy. MRI and CT imaging methods that determine whether a patient is likely to have salvageable tissue have been used to great effect in clinical trials that showed the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy devices. These same methods can be applied to clinical trials for cerebroprotective drugs. Restore blood flow after protection so that protected tissue can survive long term If a drug protects the brain from reduced blood flow but then wears off before blood flow is normalized, then the long term effect of the drug may not be as great as it would be if the drug were paired with therapy to normalize blood flow. Pairing cerebroprotective drugs with approved methods to restore blood flow, such as tPA or mechanical thrombectomy, may increase their long term benefit. Clinical trials References Drugs acting on the nervous system Stroke
Legislative elections were held in France on 4 and 18 October 1885. Following the deaths of Napoléon, Prince Imperial and the Comte de Chambord, the monarchists and Bonapartists formed a conservative electoral alliance under the leadership of the Baron de Mackau. In the first round of the election, the conservatives won 176 seats, whereas the Opportunist Republicans - partly because radical and moderate Republicans ran against each other, underestimating the danger from the right - only won 127. However, in the second round the radical and moderate Republicans agreed that the worse-placed Republican candidates would withdraw, and Republicans won 244 seats to the conservatives' 25, leading to a Republican victory. Henri Brisson remained prime minister immediately after the election, but resigned in December following his defeat in the presidential election to the incumbent, Jules Grévy. Brisson was replaced by Charles de Freycinet. Results References Legislative elections in France France Legislative France
Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu Perak Jombang is an Islamic religious education in Gading Mangu, Jombang, East Java Province. in Indonesia, The school is managed by Yayasan Budi Utomo. The school emphasizes the teaching of Al-Quran Al-Hadith and the formation of Karimah akhlakul. Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu currently accommodates 3,500 students, both girls and boys, from all over Indonesia. Of the total number of 1139 students of the school at SMU Budi Utomo, 917 people sat on the bench SMK Budi Utomo and 806 people became junior high school students Budi Utomo. Operating since 1952, the scholl has dormitories, hostel building, hall, guest house, kitchen and activity center of the mosque Baitul Antiq Brief History Boarding School Gadingmangu located in the Village Gadingmangu Gadingmangu, Silver District, Jombang, East Java, or about 13 kilometers from the city of Jombang. Distance from Surabaya Gadingmangu Boarding School about 93 miles or the distance of about 2 hours. Pesanteren Gadingmangu cottage was founded in 1952 by: Mr. H. Bey Prawironoto (village head at the time) Mr. H.M. Mercy Mr. H. Nurhadi Mr. H. Nurhasan Leadership Period: Year 1952 - 1963 led by Mr. H. Bey Prawironoto Year 1963 - 2006 led by Mr. KH. Abdul Syukur 2006 - now led by Mr. KH. Ahmad Fathoni Structure Ponpes Gadingmangu Pondok Pesantren Gadingmangu have an organizational structure as follows: Council Kyai: It is a supreme body consisting of elders boarding school authorities as the principal policy Pondok Pesantren Gadingmangu-member 6 (six) people. Teacher Council: Council policy is the executing agency of the Kyai in the field of educational continuity. The agency consists of the Teacher / Ustad Pondok Pesantren Gadingmangu. Daily Council: An executive council in charge of daily administration, management and other social activities. Daily Board members consist of representatives from Chairman, Secretary, treasurer and parts. Education Programs at Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu Religious education Quran; reading, translations, and commentaries Hadith Association Faroidh; law of distribution of inheritance Qiroatu sab'ah Nahwu shorof Kutubu Sitta General Education Budi character / akhlakul Karimah Insights nationality Sports and Outbound Entrepreneurship and Community Service External links Web Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu Perak Jombang Web SMA Budi Utomo Web SMK Budi Utomo Official Website of LDII LDII Jatim LDII Sidoarjo Pesantren in Indonesia
An underground hospital is a hospital that is constructed underground to protect patients and staff from attack during war. They were often used during World War II but very few now remain operational. History Medieval Ceppo Hospital of Pistoia in Italy The Ceppo Hospital of Pistoia was founded in 1277 in a labyrinth of tunnels under the city and is one of the oldest continuously operating hospitals in the world. World War I Carriere Suzanne in France “Carriere Suzanne“ was an underground hospital built during the second World War in a limestone quarry the “Carrieres de Montigny”, north of Compiègne. Carrière Wellington in France A hospital was built inside tunnels under Arras, named Carrière Wellington, with facilities for 700 beds. World War II Hohlgangsanlage 8 in Jersey Hohlgangsanlage 8 was an artillery storage tunnel build by Organisation Todt workers for the Germans during World War II in St. Lawrence, Jersey, which was converted to a hospital to deal with casualties after the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944. The tunnel complex is open to the public during the summer months. Hohlgangsanlage 7/40 in Guernsey Hohlgangsanlage 7/40 (Ho.7/40) two interconnected cave passage installations of 7,000m², were built in 1942-43 by German Fortress Engineer and Organisation Todt workers to store vehicles, ammunition, food, fuel and equipment. Part of Ho. 7/40 was equipped and used for a short while in 1944 as a hospital, as the planned hospital tunnel had not been built, however patients underground did not recuperate very well. The tunnel complex is open to the public during the summer months. Mtarfa Hospital in Malta During the Second World War, the Mtarfa Hospital was reorganized as the 90th General Hospital and expanded to accommodate a maximum of 1200 beds. An underground hospital was excavated under the military hospital. Current Israel Israel currently has at least three hospitals with dedicated underground facilities. Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center is the main hospital serving Tel Aviv, Israel. It is the third-largest hospital complex in the country. In 2011, a 700-1,000 bed bombproof emergency facility was opened. The building, with 13 stories above ground and four stories underground, provides protection against conventional, chemical and biological attack. Construction began in 2008. The cost of the building was $110 million, with a donation of $45 million from Israeli billionaire Sammy Ofer. The architect was Arad Sharon, grandson of Arieh Sharon who designed the original facility. Rambam Hospital Rambam Health Care Campus the largest medical center in northern Israel and fifth largest in Israel, began in October 2010 work on a protected emergency underground hospital designed to withstand conventional, chemical, and biological attacks. The project included a three-floor parking lot that could be transformed at short notice into a 2,000-bed hospital. The hospital can generate its own power and store enough oxygen, drinking water and medical supplies for up to three days. Beilinson Hospital The 90 million shekel fortified emergency room at Beilinson Hospital in Petach Tikvah has gone operational, becoming Israel’s largest ER. The 5,000 square meter (58,000 square feet) facility is capable of treating 200,000 patients annually. There is also a trauma center capable of addressing numerous patients simultaneously. Sweden Södersjukhuset The hospital Södersjukhuset in Stockholm has an underground complex measuring 4,700 square meters (50,600 square feet) called DEMC (Disaster Emergency Center), which was completed and inaugurated on 25 November 1994. In peacetime the complex is used for training and scientific research. In case of disaster or war the complex is fully operational as a normal hospital, it has 270 beds in peacetime and 160 in wartime. Syria Doctors and international N.G.O.s have created an elaborate network of underground hospitals throughout Syria. They have installed cameras in intensive-care units, so that doctors abroad can monitor patients by Skype and direct technicians to administer proper treatment. Aleppo In 2016, because of the number of hospitals that have been damaged or destroyed in the city, hospitals have moved underground. Ghouta The 2019 Syrian-Danish documentary film The Cave is about a makeshift underground hospital nicknamed "the Cave" in Eastern Ghouta. References Military hospitals Hospitals Bunkers Types of hospitals
Vishtaspa ( ; ; ; ) is the Avestan-language name of a figure of Zoroastrian scripture and tradition, portrayed as an early follower of Zoroaster, and his patron, and instrumental in the diffusion of the prophet's message. Although Vishtaspa is not epigraphically attested, he is – like Zoroaster – traditionally assumed to have been a historical figure, although obscured by accretions from legend and myth. In Zoroastrian tradition, which builds on allusions found in the Avesta, Vishtaspa is a righteous king who helped propagate and defend the faith. In the non-Zoroastrian Sistan cycle texts, Vishtaspa is a loathsome ruler of the Kayanian dynasty who intentionally sends his eldest son to a certain death. In Greco-Roman literature, Zoroaster's patron was the pseudo-anonymous author of a set of prophecies written under his name. In scripture Vishtaspa is referred to in the Gathas, the oldest texts of Zoroastrianism which were considered to have been composed by Zoroaster himself. In these hymns, the poet speaks of Vishtaspa as his ally (Yasna 46. 14), follower of the path of Vohu Manah (Y. 51. 16), and committed to spreading the prophet's message (Y. 51. 16, 46. 15, 53. 2). In Yasna 28. 1–28. 7, Zoroaster appeals to Mazda for several boons, including the power to vanquish their foes for Vishtaspa and himself. Considered collectively, the Gathas celebrate Vishtaspa as the "patron of Zoroaster and the establisher of the first Zoroastrian community. " The Gathic allusions recur in the Yashts of the Younger Avesta. The appeal to Mazda for a boon reappears in Yasht 5. 98, where the boon is asked for the Haugvan and Naotara families, and in which Vishtaspa is said to be a member of the latter. Later in the same hymn, Zoroaster is described as appealing to Mazda to "bring Vishtaspa, son of Aurvataspa, to think according to Daena (Religion), to speak according to the Religion, to act according to the Religion." (Yt. 5. 104–105). In Yasht 9. 25–26, the last part of which is an adaptation of the Gathic Yasna 49. 7, the prophet makes the same appeal with regard to Hutaosa, wife of Vishtaspa. In Yasht 9.30, Vishtaspa himself appeals for the ability to drive off the attacks of the daeva-worshipping Arejat.aspa and other members of drujvant Hyaona family. Similarly in Yasht 5. 109, Vishtaspa pleads for strength that he may "crush Tathryavant of the bad religion, the daeva-worshipper Peshana, and the wicked Arejataspa." Elsewhere (Yt. 5. 112–113), Vishtaspa also pleads for strength on behalf of Zairivairi (Pahl. Zarēr), who in later tradition is said to be Vishtaspa's younger brother. The allusions to conflicts (perhaps battles, see below) are again obliquely referred to in Yasht 13. 99–100, in which the fravashis of Zoroaster and Vishtaspa are described as victorious combatants for Asha, and the rescuers and furtherers of the religion. This description is repeated in Yasht 19. 84–87, where Zoroaster, Vishtaspa and Vishtaspa's ancestors are additionally said to possess khvarenah. While the chief hero of the conflicts is said to be Vishtaspa's son, Spentodhata, (Yt. 13. 103) in Yasht 13. 100, Vishtaspa is proclaimed to have set his adopted faith "in the place of honor" amongst peoples. Passages in the Frawardin Yasht (Yt. 13. 99–103) and elsewhere have enabled commentators to infer family connections between Vishtaspa and several other figures named in the Avesta. The summaries of several lost Avestan texts (Wishtasp sast nask, Spand nask, Chihrdad nask, and Varshtmansar nask), as reported in the Denkard (respectively 8. 11, 8. 13, 8. 14, and 9. 33. 5), suggest that there once existed a detailed "history" of Vishtaspa and his ancestors in scripture. The Yasht 13 mentions Zairiuuairi, Piší šiiaoθna (Vishtaspa's eschatological son Pišišōtan), Spəṇtōδāta (Spandyād), Bastauuairi (Bastwar), Kauuarazman, Frašaoštra and Jāmāspa (the Huuōguua brothers in the Gathas), all of whom are featured in the Pahlavi narrative about the war between Vishtaspa and Arzāsp (Arjāsp, king of the Xiiaonas). In Yasht 9.31, Vishtaspa prays to Druuāspā that he may successfully fight and kill various opponents and, apparently, turn Humaiiā and Varəδakanā away from the lands of the Xiiaonas. In Yasna 12, the Zarathustra, Vishtaspa, Frašaoštra and Jāmāspa, and the three Saošiiaṇts, Zarathustra's eschatological sons, and in Yasna 23.2 and 26.5, the fravashi of Gaiia Marətān, Zarathustra, Vishtaspa, and Isaṯ.vāstra (another of Zarathustra's eschatological sons) are listed as the principal fighters for Asha. The meaning of Vishtaspa's name is uncertain. Interpretations include "'he whose horses have (or horse has) come in ready (for riding, etc.)'"; "'he who has trained horses'"; and "'whose horses are released (for the race)'". It agrees with the description from Yasht 5.132 in which was a prototypical winner of the chariot race. In tradition and folklore In Zoroastrian tradition In the Gathas, Vishtaspa is repeatedly (Y. 46. 14, 51. 16, 53. 2) referred to as a kavi, which is etymologically a term for a mantic seer, or poet-priest, and in Yasna 28. 11 is also used of Zoroaster's enemies. In the Younger Avesta the term is also applied to wise men generally, to include Vishtaspa and his ancestors. In tradition however, the kavis are kings, "evidently because Vīštāspa and his forebears, the 'kavis' par excellence, were princely rulers. Presumably the gift of prophecy, of mantic poetry, was hereditary in their family. " Both scripture and tradition refer to Vishtaspa's ancestors but do not mention Vishtaspa's successors; Vishtaspa was apparently the last of his line, and the last of the kavis. In Zoroastrian apocalyptic chronology, the dynasties of the world are divided into seven ages, each named after a metal. According to this chronology (Zand-i Wahman yasn 2. 16, Dabistan 140), Vishtaspa (in Zoroastrian Middle Persian Wishtasp) ascent to the throne ended the reign of silver, and his reign was over the age of gold. In tradition, the works of Zoroaster were said to have been kept in a royal library that was then destroyed by Alexander the Great. In Denkard 3. 420, it is Vishtaspa who is said to have been the king who had those texts made and placed in the royal library. The Yasht's allusions to conflicts are amplified in the 9th–11th century books of Zoroastrian tradition, where the conflicts are portrayed as outright battles of the faith. So for example the surviving fragments of a fragmentary text that celebrates the deeds of Zairivairi, Vishtaspa's brother and captain of his forces against Arejat.aspa, chief of the Hyonas. According to that text (Ayadgar i Zareran, 10–11), upon hearing of Vishtaspa's conversion, Arejat.aspa sent messengers to demand that Vishtaspa "abandon 'the pure Mazda-worshipping religion which he had received from Ohrmazd', and should become once more 'of the same religion'" as himself. The battle that following Vishtaspa's refusal left Vishtaspa victorious. The conversion of Vishtaspa is likewise a theme of the 9th–11th century books, and these legends remain the "best known and most current" among Zoroastrians today. According to this tradition, when Zoroaster arrived at Vishtaspa's court, the prophet was "met with hostility from the kayags and karabs (kavis and karapans), with whom he disputed at a great assembly–a tradition which may well be based on reality, for [Vishtaspa] must have had his own priests and seers, who would hardly have welcomed a new prophet claiming divine authority. " The tradition goes on to relate that Zoroaster triumphed after three days of debate, only to be maligned by his enemies to Vishtaspa, who then had the prophet imprisoned. But, from prison, Zoroaster cured one of Vishtaspa's favourite horses (which had suddenly become paralyzed), for which the prophet then gained Vishtaspa's support and admiration. The tale is obliquely referred to in the Anthology of Zadspram (24. 6), which seems to presume that the reader already knows it, and it is summarized in the Denkard (7. 4. 64–86), and – as "workings of popular fancy" – described in detail in the later Book of Zoroaster (942–1094). In the myth, Zoroaster cures each of the horse's four legs in exchange for four concessions: first, that Vishtaspa himself accept Zoroaster's message; secondly, that Vishtaspa's son Spentodata (MP: Esfandiar) do the same; third, that Vishtaspa's wife Hutaosa (MP: Hutos) also convert; and finally that the men who maligned Zoroaster be put to death. When these four wishes are granted, the horse stands up rejuvenated. Vishtaspa's conversion is traditionally said to have taken place during Zoroaster's forty-second year, "a figure undoubtedly reached by later calculation". This myth is tied to the Sassanid (early 3rd–early 7th century) claim of descent from Artaxerxes, and the claim of relationship to the Kayanids, that is, with Vishtaspa and his ancestors. The full adoption of Kayanid names, titles and myths from the Avesta by the Sassanids was a "main component of [Sassanid] ideology. " The association of Artaxerxes with the Kayanids occurred through the identification of Artaxerxes II's title ('Mnemon' in Greek) with the name of Vishtaspa's legendary grandson and successor, Wahman: both are theophorics of Avestan Vohu Manah "Good Mind(ed)"; Middle Persian 'Wahman' is a contraction of the Avestan name, while Greek 'Mnemon' is a calque of it. The Sassanid association of their dynasty with Vishtaspa's is a development dated to the end of the 4th century, and which "arose to some extent because this was when the Sasanians conquered Balkh, the birthplace of Vishtasp and the 'holy land' of Zoroastrianism. " As was also the case for the fourth century Roman identification of Zoroaster's patron with the late-6th century BCE father of Darius I (see below) – the identification of Vishtaspa as a grandfather of "Ardashir" (Artaxerxes I/II) was once perceived to substantiate the "traditional date" of Zoroaster, which places the prophet in the 6th century BCE. The traditional descriptions of Vishtaspa's ancestors as having chariots (a description that puts them fully in the Bronze Age) also contribute to the academic debate on the dating of Zoroaster; for a summary of the role of Vishtaspa's ancestors in this issue, see . In the Sistan heroic cycle Non-Zoroastrian literature in New Persian and Arabic uniformly reflects the regular development of Middle Persian wi- into gu-, with Middle Persian Wishtasp thus becoming Goshtasb in Sistan national history (Tarikh-e Sistan), Goshtasp in Firdausi's Book of Kings (Shahnameh), Goshtasf in the Mojmal al-tawarikh, Beshtashb by Al-Tabari. In several respects, for instance in Goshtasb's/Goshtasf's (etc.) mythological genealogy, the Sistan cycle texts continue the Zoroastrian tradition. So, for example, Goshtasp is identified as a member of the Kayanian dynasty, is the son of Lohrasp/Lohrasb (etc.), is the brother of Zareh/Zarer (etc.), is the father of Esfandiar/Isfandiar (etc.) and Bashutan/Beshotan (etc.), and so on. However, in the Sistan legends, Goshtasb/Goshtasf (etc.) is an abominable figure, altogether unlike the hero of Zoroastrian tradition. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown. According to the Sistan tradition, Goshtasb demands the throne from his father Lohrasp, but storms off to India ("Hind") when the king declines. Goshtasb's brother Zareh (Zareh/Zarer etc., Avestan Zairivairi) is sent to fetch him, but Goshtasb flees to "Rome" where he marries Katayoun (Katayun/Katayoun etc.), the daughter of the 'qaysar'. Goshtasb subsequently becomes a military commander for the Roman emperor, and encourages the emperor to demand tribute from Iran. Again Zareh is sent to fetch Goshtasb, who is then promised the throne, and is thus persuaded to return. Back in Sistan, Goshtasb imprisons his own son Esfandiar (Esfandiar/Isfandiar etc., Avestan Spentodata), but then has to seek Esfandiar's help in defeating Arjasp (Avestan Aurvataspa) who is threatening Balkh. Goshtasb promises Esfandiar the throne in return for his help, but when Esfandiar is successful, his father stalls and instead sends him off on another mission to suppress a rebellion in Turan. Esfandiar is again successful, and upon his return Goshtasb hedges once again and – aware of a prediction that foretells the death of Esfandiar at the hand of Rostam – sends him off on a mission in which Esfandiar is destined to die. In the Shahnameh, the nobles upbraid Goshtasb as a disgrace to the throne; his daughters denounce him as a heinous criminal; and his younger son Bashutan (Avestan Peshotanu) condemns him as a wanton destroyer of Iran. As in Zoroastrian tradition, in the Sistan cycle texts Goshtasp is succeeded by Esfandiar's son, Bahman (< MP Wahman). The identification of Bahman with 'Ardashir' (see above) reappears in the Sistan cycle texts as well. In Greek and Roman thought The name "Visthaspa" is "Hystaspes" in the Greek and Latin texts of the Hellenistic era. Besides referring to historically attested persons named Vishtaspa, it was also applied to Zoroaster's patron, who the Greeks and Romans imagined to be a sage of great antiquity, and the putative author of a set of prophecies written under his name. Although the works attributed to Pseudo-Hystaspes draw on real Zoroastrian sources, the Greek and Roman portraits of his person are just as fanciful as those of the other two les Mages hellénisés, Pseudo-Zoroaster and Pseudo-Ostanes. While Pseudo-Zoroaster was identified as the "inventor" of astrology, and Pseudo-Ostanes was imagined to be a master sorcerer, Pseudo-Hystaspes seems to have been stereotyped as an apocalyptic prophet. None of the works attributed to him are still extant, but quotations and references have survived in the works of others, especially in those of two early Christian writers – Justin Martyr (ca. 100-165 CE) in Samaria and the mid-3rd century Lactantius in North Africa – who drew on them by way of confirmation that what themselves held to be revealed truth had already been uttered. Only one of these pseudepigraphic works – referred to as the Book of Hystaspes or the Oracles of Hystaspes or just Hystaspes – is known by name. This work (or set of works) of the first century BCE is referred to by Lactantius, Justin Martyr, Clement of Alexandria, Lydus, and Aristokritos, all of whom describe it as foretelling the downfall of the Roman empire, the return of rule to the east, and of the coming of the saviour. Lactantius provides a detailed summary of the Oracles of Hystaspes in his Divinae Institutiones (Book VII, from the end of chapter 15 through chapter 19). It begins with Hystaspes awaking from a dream, and needing to have it interpreted for him. This is duly accomplished by a young boy, "here representing, according to convention, the openness of youth and innocent to divine visitations. " As interpreted by the boy, the dream "predicts" the iniquity of the last age, and the impending destruction of the wicked by fire. The divine fire will burn both the righteous and the wicked, but only the wicked will be hurt and neither will be destroyed. During the eschatological inferno, the "followers of truth" will separate themselves from the wicked and ascend a mountain. The evil king who dominates the world will be angered on hearing this, and he will resolve to encircle the mountain with his army. The righteous implore to "Jupiter", who sends them a saviour, who will descend from heaven accompanied by angels and before him a flaming sword. Hystaspes "prophesies" that the wicked king (i.e. the Roman emperor) will survive the destruction of his armies, but will lose power. It was "presumably" the prophecy of the destruction of a victorious power (i.e. the Roman empire) that caused the work to be proscribed by Rome; according to Justin Martyr (Apologia, I. 44. 12), reading the work was punishable by death. Unlike the works attributed to the other two les Mages hellénisés, the Oracles of Hystaspes was apparently based on the genuine Zoroastrian myths, and "the argument for ultimate magian composition is a strong one. [...] As prophecies they have a political context, a function, and a focus which radically distinguish them from the philosophical and encyclopedic wisdom of the other pseudepigrapha. " Although "[p]rophecies of woes and iniquities in the last age are alien to orthodox Zoroastrianism", there was probably a growth of Zoroastrian literature in the late fourth-early third centuries denouncing the evils of the Hellenistic age, and offering hope of the coming kingdom of Ahura Mazda. The Greco-Roman obsession with Zoroaster as the "inventor" of astrology also influenced the image of Hystaspes. So for example in Lydus' On the months (de Mensibus II. 4), which credits "the Chaldeans in the circle of Zoroaster and Hystaspes and the Egyptians" for the creation of the seven-day week after the number of planets. The sixth century Agathias was more ambivalent, observing that it wasn't clear to him whether the name of Zoroaster's patron referred to the father of Darius or to another Hystaspes (ii. 24). As with the medieval Zoroastrian chronology that identifies Vishtaspa with "Ardashir" (see above), Ammianus' identification was once considered to substantiate the "traditional date" of Zoroaster. Notes References Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kayanians Shahnameh characters History of Zoroastrianism
Diamond (born September 5, 1996) is the ring name of a Mexican luchador enmascarado (masked professional wrestler) currently working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as a tecnico (the protagonist or face characters in professional wrestling). He originally worked under the ring name Príncipe Diamante (Spanish for "Prince Diamond") until January 2020. Diamond's real name is not a matter of public record, which is traditional for masked wrestlers who have never lost their mask in the ring. His grandfather was also a wrestler, known as "La Lechuza" ("The Owl"). Personal life Príncipe Diamante's real name has not been revealed, nor reported on, which is a tradition in Lucha Libre when a wrestler has not been unmasked. His grandfather was also a wrestler, known as "La Lechuza" ("The Owl"). Professional wrestling career Príncipe Diamante began his in-ring career in 2010, although his first confirmed match under the name "Príncipe Diamante" was in 2014. Later that same year he was one of nine wrestlers putting his mask on the line in an Invasion RCH show. Príncipe Diamante retained his mask while Atomic Star ended up unmasking. Lucha Libre Elite (2014–2016) In late 2014, Príncipe Diamante began working for Lucha Libre Elite (LLE), appearing at the very first LLE show on November 13, 2014, teaming with Dinamic Black to defeat Flyer and Magnus. Through LLE's working relationship with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre, Príncipe Diamante competed in CMLL's 2014 bodybuilding competition, winning it's beginners division. The following year, he once again won the beginners category. On February 28, 2016 Príncipe Diamante unsuccessfully challenged Eléctrico for the Mexican National Lightweight Championship at LLE's Infierno Elite show. In his final Lucha Libre Elite match, Príncipe Diamante and Ciclon Ramirez Jr. lost to Los Cancerberos del Infierno (Cancerbero and Raziel). Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2015–present) His first match with CMLL saw Príncipe Diamante compete in the Mini-Estrellas division as he teamed up with Astral and Astro to defeat the trio of Ares el Guerrero, Demus 3:16 and Mini Jocker. When he returned to CMLL the following September he was moved from the Mini-Estrella division and instead competed in the regular division. In November Príncipe Diamante won CMLL's annual bodybuilding competition, being voted "Mr. CMLL" Príncipe Diamante and Robin teamed up for a tournament to determine the next CMLL Arena Coliseo Tag Team Championship team. The duoo lost in the first round to Magnus and Sensei. In April 2018 Príncipe Diamante was one of 16 wrestlers who competed in the Copa Nueva Valores tournament. He defeated Maquiavelo in the first round, Príncipe Daniel in the quarter-finals but ended up losing to eventual tournament winner Magia Blanca in the semifinals. 2018 also saw Príncipe Diamante participated in the 2018Gran Alternativa tournament, a tag team tournament where CMLL paired up a rookie and a veteran for the tournament. Príncipe Diamante and veteran Valiente lost to Audaz and Kraneo in the opening round. In June 2019 Príncipe Diamante and 9 other wrestlers competed in a torneo cibernetico elimination match for the vacant CMLL World Lightweight Championship, which saw Audaz and Kawato-San win the match, while Príncipe Diamante was eliminated. In the fall of 2019, Príncipe Diamante became involved in a long running storyline feud with Espiritu Negro, one that often saw Espiritu Negro tear Diamante's mask apart or completely off during matches. Espiritu Negro and his La Ola Negra teammates (Akuma and Espanto Jr.) cheat to defeat Príncipe Diamante. On the November 26 show in Arena Mexico, the two wrestled to a double disqualification as they tore the masks off each other during the match. Often the matches would be followed by a mask match, or Lucha de Apuestas ("Bet match") challenge. On December 10, CMLL announced that they had signed a Lucha de Apuestas match between Príncipe Diamante and Espiritu Negro for the January 1, 2020 Sin Piedad show. Diamond (2020 present) During the January 15, 2020 episode of CMLL informa, it was revealed that he would be using a new ring name going forward, Diamond, and that he would be working in a new, silver costume, that resembled the mask of El Santo and his son El Hijo del Santo. Other media In 2018, Príncipe Diamante appeared on the Mexican Televisa channels Like show, playing a fictionalized version of himself. Championships and accomplishments Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre CMLL Bodybuilding Competition (Beginners 2014, Beginners 2015, Mr. CMLL 2016) Luchas de Apuestas record Footnotes References 1996 births Living people Mexican male professional wrestlers Masked wrestlers Professional wrestlers from Mexico City Unidentified wrestlers
Guidance and counseling is a process of helping an individual become fully aware of his/ herself and the ways in which he is responding to the influence of his/her environment. Counseling is a generic term for any of professional counseling that treats dysfunction occurring within a group of related people. This term describes a preventive system of counseling that works to combat psychological impairment through the improvement and development of community support. A community is defined as a group of interacting individuals who share a commonality. This commonality can be anything from location of residence to career interest, but a community counselor will use this common characteristic to council groups of people. Guidance and Counseling actually refers to directing, steering, advising, leading, piloting and controlling individuals towards actions, behaviours, decision and opinions that would be beneficial to them. Importance The community that individuals function within can have a significant influence on their identity and connection to others. A community counselor can work with groups of people experiencing an increased amount of psychological distress to help determine and address the source of the disturbance. Such interventions are used in communities which are poor and unsupported to improve mental health resources. Dysfunctional environments can lead individuals to develop social and psychological impairments. Vulnerable and marginalized populations such as children, minorities, or individuals of a low socioeconomic status are disproportionately at risk of experiencing psychological impairments. Through the holistic treatment of a community, counselors can help alleviate mental health issues on a large scale. Community counseling provides leadership for creating better access to mental health services. Through the analysis of individual interviews, Jon Boller and Burton Nolan revealed that many students report a need and desire for community counseling programs. To meet these needs, community counseling continues to expand its reach. History The Great Depression and World War II created a need for jobs and counseling services in the United States. This need was met with the expansion of career, school, and personal counseling services. At the same time, experts in the field began to emphasize the importance of preventive counseling in combating the need for remedial counseling. In 1965, the United States government allocated federal funds to the training of school counselors, a type of community based counseling. At the start of the 1970s, the more general idea of community counseling was developed to meet the increasing needs of the public. The discipline of community counseling grew slowly at first due to its lack of clear definition. However, in 1993, community counseling received recognition as a counseling specialization from the governing council of the American Counseling Association (ACA). This recognition allowed the Council for Accreditation of Counseling Relation Education (CACREP) to develop standards for the training of community counselors. With recognition and accreditation, community counseling expanded in popularity. Role of the counselor Community counselors can work in a variety of settings such as private practice, mental health centers, rehabilitation facilities, or prisons. Regardless of the setting, a community counselor's job is to work with individuals to develop appropriate mental processing and provide preventive services to the community. Preventive efforts can be made by providing access to community-based organizations or educational programs. Community counselors need to be strong leaders who can make these direct and indirect services available for their clients. Models The Respectful Model The Respectful Model is a holistic approach of understanding a community and its associated issues. This form of counseling can be done individually or in groups across all ages and genders. The model is based on a ten-letter acronym designed to highlights factors that influence community dynamic. Counselors are expected to respect clients regardless of their religious affiliation, economic status, sexual orientation, psychological health, ethnicity, developmental differences, trauma, family, physical appearance, or genealogy. This inclusive and holistic approach to community counseling allows for an appreciation of environmental influence on mental health. The Marginalized Community Model Annabel Manzanilla-Manalo and Fermin Manalo developed a community-based counseling approach to help marginalized groups overcome mental health problems that result from inequality and discrimination. This approach works to integrate community psychology within the context of a social environment. The model values inclusivity, social justice, solidarity, and equality. Community counselors work to facilitate healthy development and establish a system that ensures the delivery of mental health services to the community. This model is focused on empowerment of individuals with the goal of relieving stigma or shame these individuals might feel because of their marginalized identity. This is achieved through support of group formation, enhancement of local resources, research, advocacy, and facilitation of collective action. Applications Children Children can suffer developmental and social delays because of untreated mental health issues. Analysis of archival data from 364 children who visited a community counseling clinic revealed that treatment could significantly reduce internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems for children. However, the analysis also found that over half of the children who began treatment did not complete the full course of the available community counseling services. High dropout rates are often considered a significant barrier to providing effective community counseling. Adults Older individuals who did not receive counseling for early psychological dysfunction or individuals who have experienced trauma later in life can benefit from community therapy. A study of Vietnam War veterans demonstrated that community-based readjustment counseling can significantly reduce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and improve life-satisfaction. From these results, researchers have hypothesized that community counseling could produce more effective services for veterans in need of PTSD treatment. Programs and services that work to relieve psychological impairments such as PTSD can significantly improve the well-being of adults. Substance abuse Community counselors can also act as members of the interdisciplinary teams used to holistically treat persons with drug addiction. Community support and promotion of healthy habits can help improve the well-being of individuals struggling with addiction. In a study examining recovery from alcoholism, 50 participants were assigned to either a community counseling based intervention or a control condition. Results showed a significant reduction in drinking rates for individuals in the intervention which suggests that community counseling can help aid individuals in the process of addiction recovery. Training counselors To become a community counselor, an individual must get both a bachelor's degree and a masters in counseling. After receiving both degrees, an individual must obtain 3,000 supervised work hours before being able to practice independently. Once they have completed their necessary training, community counselors are expected to understand the power of environmental influences, the importance of a multifaceted approach to counseling, and the need for preventive action. Additionally, community counselors need to be able to cultivate positive forces in the environment to improve the mental health of the community. Despite these clear expectations of a community counselor, there is a large variation in the required coursework and semester hours needed to receive a master's degree from a community counseling program. A study that compared the coursework requirements at 32 master's-level CACREP-approved community counseling programs found three general subsets to the curriculum: entry level, environmental, and specialty area courses. The range of recommended courses revealed a vast diversity across community counseling programs. The most common courses reported were: Introduction to Community Agencies Community Resources Counseling Theories Counseling Techniques Group Counseling Procedures Tests and Appraisal Professional Issues Consultation Techniques Administration and Management of Agency Services Program Evaluation Personality Development Normal/Abnormal Behavior Ethics Research Methods Advanced Seminal in Community Counseling Counseling Practicum While a large diversity of courses can help produce well-rounded counselors, continuing to increase professional standards could aid in the development of community counseling programs. Despite the range of courses offered, an examination of Tennessee's approved certification competencies revealed an insufficient level of customization needed for the various specializations within community counseling. The study showed that learning, adjustment, counseling, ethics, and report writing competencies were needed across all sub disciplines of community counseling. However, the study demonstrated that aside from the five overlapping competencies, very different skill sets were needed for successful training in a specialty. This finding highlights the need for specialized programs in community counseling. However, a survey 104 Directors of CACREP-accredited community counseling programs explored the director's vision for the community counseling program in the future. The results were split. Approximately half of respondents saw community counseling as preparation for generic group counseling, while the other half wanted to see an increase in specializations. This disagreement highlighted a lack of communication across the field of community counseling. Despite this lack of communication, a national survey of master's level community counseling programs revealed a central emphasis on prevention and systematic community intervention. This finding suggests that community counseling programs have developed a central purpose in the absence of standardized requirements and specializations. Ethical and legal considerations In any discipline that works with vulnerable populations, it is important that the field holds professionals to a set of ethical standards. In community counseling, ethical standards provide a code of practice to which counselors are expected to abide. This set of rules establishes what counselors may and may not do within the counselor-patient relationship. These rules are in place to protect patients from malpractice. Not only do the rules work to ensure the integrity of the counseling profession, but they help to build trust between the public and the counseling community. The American Counseling Association has set forth specific standards for ethical counseling practice that include: protecting clients from harm, promoting client welfare, avoiding multiple relationships, maintaining confidentiality, continuing involvement in professional associations, only practicing within training, and never misrepresenting qualifications. While this list is not exhaustive, it provides basic ethical standards that can be followed by professionals. When these ethical standards are not maintained, legal action may be taken. This legal action can lead to loss of licensure and the ability to practice within the field of community counseling. References Counseling Therapeutic community
Ma-Li Wong is an Australian researcher in the fields of psychiatry and pharmacogenomics, with a particular focus on major depression. She is head of the Pharmacogenomics Research Program in the Mind and Brain Theme at the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, as well as Strategic Professor of Psychiatry at Flinders University. Born in Hong Kong, Wong was raised in Brazil. She lived in the United States for over 25 years, during which time she was trained in psychiatry at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Yale University, among other places. She is married to medical researcher Julio Licinio, with whom she has regularly collaborated on research since the 1980s. References External links Faculty page at Flinders University Living people Australian women psychiatrists Hong Kong emigrants to Australia Academic staff of Flinders University Albert Einstein College of Medicine alumni Yale University alumni Year of birth missing (living people)
Robert Evelyn Freeth (b Dublin 7 April 1886 - d Perth, WA 16 September 1979) was an Anglican priest and educator. Freeth was the son of Evelyn Freeth, a civil servant who became an expert on death duties. He was educated at Selwyn College, Cambridge, and ordained in 1910. After missionary service in Melanesia he served his title at Christ Church, North Adelaide. He was Priest in charge of Angaston from 1914 to 1915. He then taught at King's School, Parramatta; St Andrew's Cathedral School, Sydney; Sydney Church of England Grammar School; and Guildford Grammar School, Perth, where he was Head Master from 1928 to 1950. He became Archdeacon of Perth, WA in 1952; and Assistant Bishop of Perth in 1957. He retired in 1963. References 20th-century Australian Anglican priests Archdeacons of Perth, WA Australian headmasters Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge Assistant bishops in the Anglican Diocese of Perth 1886 births Christian clergy from Dublin (city) 1979 deaths
Gou Ji (), is one of the most popular card games played in Qingdao, China. Origin The game of Gou Ji was formed in Licang District, Qingdao during 1962 – 1963. It was created by people who played Winner, and the player number was enlarged then. Rules of the game is mainly formed when the rules of Union and Head Rival was created. Objective Gou Ji is played among six people with four pack of Poker cards. The objective of the game is to be the player to have no cards left earlier, and make union which the player belong to get more scores. Rules of the Game:zh:够级 Positioning In this picture, player 1, 3, 5 are in one Union, and the same for 2, 4 and 6. Player 1 and 4 are Head to head rivals, and the same for player 2, 5 and player 3, 6. Cards Individual cards are ranked. Colored Joker > Black & White Joker > 2 > Ace (A) > King (K) > Queen (Q) > Jack (J) > 10 > 9 > 8 > 7 > 6 > 5 > 4 > 3. Suits are irrelevant. Players can play the game with all the suits erased from the cards. Money Card "2" is called "money" when handing with other cards (except both Jokers). The 2 becomes the same ranking with the card(s) which is(are) handed. For example, 2-2-4-4-4 is equivalence to 4-4-4-4-4. But using 2 in Gou Ji cards make the Gou Ji cards "not pure". Joker Both Jokers can be used the same as money, but more useful than it. If a number of black jokers is handed with other cards, only the same or bigger number of colored jokers can be handed out after it, and the total number of cards should be the same of previous handing. If a number of colored jokers is handed with other cards, handing after it is impossible in some rules. In other rules, two colored jokers can be a joker that is bigger than colored joker, and it can defeat such handing. Handing the Cards Normal Handings Primarily, the player can hand any number of cards with the same ranking, for example, 7, 3-3-3, 4-4-4-4, K-K-K-K-K-K. Every player will then have a chance to hand, for example, if player 1 hands his or her card as in the picture above, player 2-3-4-5-6 will then have a chance to hand. The handing must have the pokers which have same amount of number of the first handing, the ranking of pokers must be the same (unless money or joker is involved, and the same below) and the ranking must bigger than the ranking that is previously handed. Such process is called follow. If nobody follows, the player who hand last will repeat the process mentioned in the previous paragraph. A round starts when a player hand his/her own card after the previous nobody-follow situation and ends when nobody wants to follow after a player hands his/her card. When a player refuse to hand in his/her card for the previous handing, he/she can pass, and the next player will have a chance to follow. Players are unable to follow in the current round if he passed once, except for head rivals. A player can still follow his/her own head rival's hand when nobody wants to follow even if he passed once in the current round. Gou Ji-ing If Gou Ji cards are handed, the handing order will be ignored. The next handing chance will be and only will be given to the player's head rival (expect for a player who didn't pass beginning to burning cards). Handing Gou Ji cards and leading to this process is called Gou Ji. Gou Ji cards include the same or greater amount of: 5"10" 4"J" 3"Q" 2"K" 2"A" 1"2" 1*"Joker" Any handing with joker(s). It can be concluded that following Gou Ji cards’ solution can only be handing bigger Gou Ji cards. If a player's head rival refuse or unable to hand after Gou Ji, the player who hands this set of cards get a "point" from his head rival. Specially, for 10-J-Q-K-A situation, the point is only get when the last set of the Gou Ji cards is pure, which means that no 2 or Jokers were involved. When one player have handed out all of their cards, his head rival is called "Headless". The headless player can hand after Gou Ji cards handed by any player, and vice versa. When two or more players have handed out all of their cards, Gou Ji cards lost speciality then become normal cards, resulting that the rest players are unable to burning cards, and who haven't get point are unable to get point in this game. Burning Cards After Gou Ji, if a player a) is not the head rival of the player who started Gou Ji b) didn't pass in current round c) is able to follow this set of Gou Ji cards d) follows before the head rival of the player who started Gou Ji e) in some rules, have got a point from head rival he/she started the process of burning cards, and this process includes the hand handed in d). And after that, if: a) the player successfully handed out all his/her cards legally, which means except for the first and last handing(does not include in some rules), every handing includes a Joker, and this player have no cards after the last handing, the player then successfully burned his/her card. The player who has been interrupted will give the player who burns his/her card one card in the start of next match, called "burning tribute". b) The player(A) started burning cards, while any other player(B) also started burning cards during A's burning process, and successfully burned all his cards before A do, this process is called "counter-burning", A will give B 2 burning tributes in the start of next match. c) The player started burning cards, but the head rival of the player who started burning cards hands cards which stopped this player from burning cards, the game continues without any other penalties. d) The player started burning cards but have one or more illegal handing according to a), he will be the 6th place during this match, and this match continues. Scoring The player who successfully handed out all his/her cards first is on 1st place, and the same can be inferred in the same manner. 1st place +2 points for his/her union. 2nd +1; 5th -1; 6th -2. Declaring Point If, a player declares a point, which means, the player declares that his/her head-to -head rival will never have point in this match after receiving all his card. If this point is clear, player will get a tribute of 2 cards from his head rival if the other player didn't get point, and he will pay his head rival a tribute of 4 cards if his head-to head rival got a point. If this point is unclear, player will get a tribute of 4 cards from his head rival if the other player didn't get point, and he will pay his head rival a tribute of 8 cards if his head-to head rival got a point. Unclear point is declared before dealing cards, and a clear point is declared after it. Other procedures Declaring unclear point Dealing cards The card is dealt counterclockwise. Declaring clear point Starting work A procedure that determines which player hand cards firstly in the first match. Every player show the biggest number of cards with the same suit they have. This card's ranking should be the lowest without card's that have special rules. Then, the first player is: a) The player who have most such cards. b) If two player have the same answer in a), the player who showed earlier c) Chosen randomly Afterwards, every match's first handing player is the 6th player of previous match. Paying Tribute Every starting of a match (expect the first one), some players should pay tribute to other players. The tribute is the biggest card that you have. Player who receive the tribute can refuse. Tributes are listed in order below: a) Pointing tribute. This tribute involves all 3 pairs of head rivals If A and B are head rivals, 3 situations are: i. Both A and B got a point from each other. No Pointing tribute. ii. One player got a point while the other not. The player who don't have a point will pay the player who have a point one a tribute of one card. iii. Both A and B didn't open points. Both player will pay the other player a tribute of one card. The chart indicates all situations. b) Burning tribute. See Burning Cards chapter to know when to pay this type of tribute. This tribute includes 1 card. c) Tributes that is mentioned in special rules d) Ranking Tribute 5th player will give 2nd player a tribute of 1 card . 6th player will give 1st player a tribute of 2 cards. Special Regulations for Paying Tribute a) after paying tribute, the receiver will return the same amount of card in any rank, including the tribute itself. b) Tribute should be shown to all players. c) If 3 players in one union are 1st,2nd,3rd players, no tributes mentioned above will be paid. Everyone in enemy union only have to pay his/her head rival a tribute of one card. This is called Stringing three players. Revolution If, after getting his/her cards, a player has no Joker, 2, this player can declare revolution. A revolution player will automatically get 3rd place. Special Regulations for Paying Tribute's c) still applicable. His/her head rival will automatically get a point. If 2 (including) players or above declares revolution, the card will be reshuffled and the match is started again. Special Rules and Variants Two colored Jokers In some rules, two colored joker can become one card that is bigger than colored joker when handed together. Holding 3 In some rules, 3 must be held, and be handed out (joker and 2 cannot be handed together) in one player's last handing. If a player failed to get a 3 after dealing cards, he has to buy several "3" by the same number of "2" or "joker" from any player who can sell him a "3", except the seller for "3" is from the same union, or the buyer having no "2", then get a "3" for free. Suffocation If a player failed to hand 3 because a player handed cards against his penultimate handing, he is called "Suffocated" then become 6th, and he should give this player a "Suffocate Tribute" of one card. If multiple suffocation happen in one game, the 2nd player being suffocated become 5th, and the like. Holding 4 before getting point In some rules, 4 must not be handed until the player gets point. If a player handed 4 without having a handing of pure Gou Ji cards not followed by head rival, or in some variants handed 4 partially or together with 2 or jokers, he is failed to get point in this game. If a player failed to get a 4 after dealing cards, he has to buy several "4" by same number of "2" from any player who able to sell him "4", except having no "2" then get a "4" for free. Difference of paying tribute The amount of card to be paid may vary. Six 3 and Six or Eight 4 In some variants the number of cards 3 and/or 4 are reduced to only 6 in order to make 3 and 4 buying occur in most games. Sometimes number of card 4 is 8, keeping numbers of cards of each player same at 33. More card decks In some variants number of card decks is added, often to 6. References Chinese card games
Jwalamukhi may refer to: Jwalamukhi (poet) (1938–2008), Indian poet, novelist, writer and political activist Jwalamukhi (1980 film), a 1980 Indian Hindi-language film Jwalamukhi (2000 film), a 2000 Indian Hindi-language film See also Jawalamukhi, Himachal Pradesh, India
Seitse ('Seven') was a private Estonian television channel. It includes culture and music for Estonians and Russians of ages 25–45. Music channel Seitse showed at least 400 music videos per day. History The channel closed its activities on 31 December 2016 and was replaced by the new music channel MyHits TV. Shows Music shows 2000+ 2005+ 2010+ Party@KlubiTeater Parim Eesti Muusika Hommik Publikuga Head isu! 80 & 90 Playlist Seitse Rockib! Tantsuparadiis ÖÖ7 Other shows Delfi Publik news Lastekas References External links Facebook page Music television channels Defunct television channels in Estonia Television channels and stations established in 2007 Television channels and stations disestablished in 2016 2007 establishments in Estonia 2016 disestablishments in Estonia Mass media in Tallinn Music organizations based in Estonia
The Codex Astensis is a medieval catalog of documents concerning the Asti region. Dating to the 14th century, it describes events related to the medieval commune of Asti from 1065 to 1353 CE. History The manuscript, which is called Malabayla, was discovered in February 1876 by Quintino Sella, the Italian ambassador to Austria at the time, in the archive of emperor Francis Joseph. When asked for a copy, the Austrian minister of foreign affairs officially gave Sella the manuscript, citing its historical importance. After returning to Italy, Sella proposed its publication to the Accademia dei Lincei. The code was published in 1880. Four years after Sella's death, his heirs donated the Codex to the municipality of Asti as a gift. 14th-century manuscripts Asti
Luis Manuel Galano is a Paralympic athlete from Cuba competing mainly in category T13 sprint events. He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There he won a gold medal in the men's 400 metres - T13 event and finished fourth in the men's 200 metres - T13 event External links Paralympic athletes for Cuba Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Paralympics Paralympic gold medalists for Cuba Cuban male sprinters Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field) Medalists at the 2015 Parapan American Games
On November 7, 2011, a Chevron owned oil well began leaking causing of crude oil to enter the ocean every day. The leak took place in Campos Basin, Brazil off the coast of Rio de Janeiro. At first, Chevron claimed that the leak was most likely due to a seep in the ocean floor but later admitted that they had made a miscalculation. Chevron says that they underestimated the amount pressure that the reservoir would exert on the oil well and says that heavier mud should have been used to seal the well. of oil were spilled over the course of four days until the well was finally sealed. After the oil spill, 18 ships were sent out into the ocean to clean the spill. There was little documented environmental impact, and the oil never reached the shores of Rio. Following the spill, Brazilian prosecutors filed a lawsuit for 40 billion reais ($18 billion), but in September 2013, Chevron and Brazilian officials reached a settlement of 300 million reais ($135 million). See also Lago Agrio oil field Orinoco Mining Arc References External links Dropps.utmsi.utexas.edu Gulfreasearchinitiative.org Oil spills in Brazil 2011 in Brazil 2011 in the environment Environmental disasters in South America Pollution in Brazil
Albert Reid was an Australian politician. Albert Reid may also refer to: Albert Reid, editor of The Record (Sherbrooke) See also Bert Reid (disambiguation) Albert Reed (disambiguation)
Gölköy is a village in the Elazığ District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 302 (2021). References Villages in Elazığ District
Tony Dumas (born August 25, 1972) is an American former professional basketball player. College career Born in Chicago, Illinois, Dumas played collegiately at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), whose athletic program is now known as the Kansas City Roos. He was the all-time leading scorer in UMKC history upon the completion of his career, with 2,459 career points. His senior season, he finished seventh in the NCAA in scoring at 27.0 points per game. He is also the only player in Kansas City history to be drafted into the NBA and the first Dallas Maverick to participate in the NBA All-Star Weekend's Dunk-Championship where he finished 6th place. In May 2021 with a 3.9 G.P.A. Tony returned to The University of Missouri-Kansas City (2021) and completed his Bachelor's Degree in Science with a Minor in Communication Studies. Tony also received the UMKC Chancellor's Historically Under-Represented Minority Award and Scholarship at the University of Missouri-Kansas City's Bloch business school and is currently seeking his Executive Masters Degree in Business Administration (MBA). Tony Dumas is the loving father of Tony George Dumas. Professional career Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996) Dumas was selected by the Dallas Mavericks in the 1st round (19th overall) of the 1994 NBA draft. He played four seasons in the NBA, mainly for the Mavericks. He did have two brief stints with the Phoenix Suns and Cleveland Cavaliers. His best year as a pro came during the 1995–96 season as a member of the Mavericks, appearing in 67 games (12 starts) and averaging 11.6 ppg, including a 39-point effort against the Suns on January 12, 1996. In 1995, he appeared in the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, finishing last (6th) after three unsuccessful dunks in the first round. After the impressive 1995–1996 season, his play regressed and he wasn't able to return to form after. The most he averaged in a season after that was 3.6 points per game, although he did have a season high 15 point game in a 103–84 loss to the Detroit Pistons in the beginning of the 1996–1997 season. Phoenix Suns (1996–1997) On December 26, 1996 Dumas was traded by the Dallas Mavericks with Jason Kidd and Loren Meyer to the Phoenix Suns for Sam Cassell, Michael Finley, A.C. Green and a 1998 2nd round draft pick (Greg Buckner was later selected). Dumas was a part of the 1996–1997 Suns team that managed to reach the playoffs. Due to injury Dumas played a total of 6 games in that season as the Suns reached the playoffs with a 40 win team and faced the Seattle SuperSonics in the first round. Despite being out-talented, the Suns played well in the series and forced the SuperSonics to 5 games before ultimately falling short. Dumas didn't receive much playing time in the playoffs however. Cleveland Cavaliers (1997–1998) On October 1, 1997, Dumas was a part of a large transaction. As part of a 3-team trade, Dumas was traded by the Phoenix Suns with Wesley Person to the Cleveland Cavaliers; the Cleveland Cavaliers traded a 2005 1st round draft pick (Sean May was later selected) to the Phoenix Suns; the Denver Nuggets traded Antonio McDyess to the Phoenix Suns; and the Phoenix Suns traded a 1998 1st round draft pick (Tyronn Lue was later selected), a 1999 1st round draft pick (James Posey was later selected), a 2000 2nd round draft pick (Dan McClintock was later selected), a 2001 1st round draft pick (Joseph Forte was later selected) and a 2002 2nd round draft pick (Rod Grizzard was later selected) to the Denver Nuggets. He averaged 2.0 points per game and only received 6.7 minutes of playing time. He also only played 7 games in the season with the Cavaliers. On January 29, 1998 the Cavaliers waived Dumas. Retirement from the NBA Dumas retired from the NBA shortly after being released by the Cleveland Cavaliers. He continued playing in different basketball associations like the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) in 1998, where he played for La Crosse Bobcats. In 2001, he moved to Greece playing for Sporting BC. In 2001, he played for Rimini in Italy. External links Career @ basketpedya.com 1972 births Living people African-American basketball players American expatriate basketball people in Greece American expatriate basketball people in Italy American men's basketball players Basket Rimini Crabs players Basketball players from Chicago Cleveland Cavaliers players Dallas Mavericks draft picks Dallas Mavericks players Kansas City Roos men's basketball players La Crosse Bobcats players People from Millington, Tennessee Sportspeople from the Memphis metropolitan area Phoenix Suns players Shooting guards Sporting basketball players 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American sportspeople
Chansa Kabwela is a Zambian journalist, and news editor of the Zambia Post newspaper, who came to wide attention after her arrest on obscenity charges. Kabwela had distributed graphic images of childbirth to government officials to illustrate the effects of a Zambian nurses' strike. Kabwela was acquitted of the obscenity charge. Background On July 13, 2009, Kabwela was arrested for "distributing obscene material": on June 10, in order to illustrate the effect of a strike by Zambian nurses, she sent government officials photographs of a woman giving birth in a hospital parking lot without benefit of medical assistance (the infant, who was in the breech position, suffocated during delivery). President Rupiah Banda declared that the images (which had been taken by the woman's husband, and which Kabwela had considered too graphic to publish) were pornographic, and ordered the arrest of the person responsible; Kabwela subsequently turned herself in to police. Her trial began in August 2009. The Committee to Protect Journalists called the charges against Kabwela "bogus", and Reporters Without Borders described the charges as "ridiculous" and "absurd." On August 10, the Post published an editorial in support of Kabwela, calling the trial a "comedy of errors"; they were subsequently charged with contempt of court. Those charges were later dropped. As well, the Patriotic Front demonstrated in support of Kabwela, leading to clashes with supporters of the ruling Movement for Multi-Party Democracy. She was acquitted on November 16. References External links BBC correspondent's thoughts on the trial at the BBC Living people Women newspaper editors Zambian women journalists Zambian journalists Zambian women writers 21st-century Zambian writers 21st-century Zambian women writers Year of birth missing (living people)
Fasciculochloris is a genus of green algae in the family Chlorococcaceae. References External links Chlorococcaceae Chlorococcaceae genera
is a railway station on the Hitahikosan Line in Kawara, Fukuoka, Japan, operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). Line and services Ippommatsu Station is served by the Hitahikosan Line. One train per hour stops at the station during the daytime, increased to two per hour during the morning and evening peaks. Adjacent stations History The station opened in 1997. Surrounding area Magarikane Station (Heisei Chikuhō Railway Tagawa Line) Fukuoka Prefectural Tagawa High School See also Ippommatsu Station (Saitama) in Saitama Prefecture List of railway stations in Japan References External links Railway stations in Japan opened in 1997 Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Operation Lorraine was a French military operation of the First Indochina War. Background On 15 October 1952, a regiment of the Việt Minh 312th Division surrounded the French garrison at Gia Hoi 25 miles southeast of Nghĩa Lộ. In response on 16 October the French command dropped the 6th Colonial Parachute Battalion (6 BPC), commanded by Major Marcel Bigeard into Tu Le, midway between Gia Hoi and Nghĩa Lộ to cover the retreat of French forces to the west bank of the Black River. On 17 October two regiments of the Việt Minh 308th Division attacked Nghĩa Lộ overrunning the post in one hour. Following the loss of Nghĩa Lộ, the other French outposts were abandoned and the French fell back towards the Black River with the 6 BPC fighting a running rearguard action. The plan In order to divert the Việt Minh from pressing their attack on the Black River General Salan planned to launch an offensive against Việt Minh base areas near Phú Thọ, Phú Doan and Tuyên Quang. Operation Lorraine was the largest operation attempted to date by the French Union forces., the forces involved included four Groupe Mobiles, one airborne group comprising three parachute battalions, two infantry battalions, two armoured sub-groups, two tank destroyer and reconnaissance squadrons, two Dinassaut, two artillery battalions and engineering units. Operation Lorraine was to be launched in four stages as follows: from October 29-November 8 a bridgehead would be opened across the Red River in the direction of Phú Thọ the Phú Thọ bridgehead would be enlarged and the forces joined by a second column coming along Route 2 from Việt Trì, the two volumes would then continue along Route 2 arriving at Phú Doan at the same time as the airborne assault. The Dinassaut would prevent any Việt Minh from escaping by water the French forces would destroy all Việt Minh supply depots and bases in the Phú Doan area depending on the Việt Minh reaction the French would either permanently occupy the area or push on further into Việt Minh territory The operation The operation was launched on October 29, the French took Phú Thọ on November 5, Phu Doan on November 9 and finally Phù Yên on November 14. The French assault columns were delayed by poor roads unsuitable for armoured vehicles, Việt Minh sabotage and the low-lying waterlogged terrain. The assault on Phú Yên is notable as a tank company of Mobile Group 1 discovered two Molotova trucks manufactured and supplied by the Soviet Union. This was the first proof of Soviet military assistance to the Viet Minh and by the end of the Indochina War, close to 800 Molotovas would be delivered to the Viet Minh. General Giáp planned to wait until the French supply lines were overextended at which point they could be harassed and eventually forced to withdraw. Instead of cancelling his offensive into the T'ai country, Giáp detached Regiment 36 of the 308th Division and Regiment 176 of the 316th Division to defend the important supply bases at Yên Bái and Thái Nguyên. While the French seized large amounts of stores, the Việt Minh withdrew rather than engaging and the operation had failed to distract Giáp from the T'ai country. General Salan cancelled the operation on November 14, beginning to withdraw back to the De Lattre Line. The only major fighting during the operation came during the withdrawal, when the Việt Minh Regiment 36 ambushed Groupe Mobiles 1 and 4 on Route 2 in a narrow valley near Chan Muong on morning of November 17. The Việt Minh managed to blow up one of the leading tanks, completely blocking the road and then, covered by heavy weapons fire from the surrounding hills, proceeded to methodically destroy the convoy. French air support eased the pressure on the forces caught in the valley and then in the afternoon the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment and the Battalion de Marche Indochinois (BMI) inside the valley and the lead elements of Groupe Mobile 1 outside the ambush area counterattacked against the Việt Minh, culminating with a bayonet charge by the BMI. At this point the Việt Minh disengaged and the withdrawal could continue with the column arriving at Ngoc Tap at 22:30. The French had lost 56 dead, 125 wounded and 133 missing and 12 vehicles including 1 tank and 6 half-tracks destroyed. Overall the French lost around 1,200 men during the operation. The operation failed to divert the Việt Minh offensive against the T'ai country or seriously damage its logistical network. References External links Salan Strikes At Giap's Supply Lines Conflicts in 1952 Battles involving Vietnam Military operations involving France Battles and operations of the First Indochina War 1952 in French Indochina 1952 in Vietnam October 1952 events in Asia November 1952 events in Asia History of Sơn La Province History of Yên Bái Province History of Phú Thọ Province
Canal 3 is the first commercial TV station and the second overall station in Guatemala. It began its TV service in 1956. Its programming broadcasts its own productions and telenovelas, among other international productions. It is owned by Grupo Chapín TV, a subsidiary of Remigio Ángel González's Albavisión group. History On May 15, 1956, Channel 3 began broadcasting and became the first private station in Central America. Its first studio was located in the 8th. avenue and 9th. Zone 1 street, and its antenna was located in the city center. In 1961 the studio was destroyed after a fire, forcing the channel to be off the air for a few months. Later, it moved its facilities to a location in Las Majadas, zone 11. The channel is considered pioneer of television, as it was the first to make live broadcasts from mobile units and in color broadcasting. It was the fourth country in Latin America to do so, after Mexico, Cuba and Puerto Rico. In 1968, the Canal 3 facility was looted. On February 4, 1976, it suffered material losses from a 7.5 magnitude earthquake. In the 1980s, it incorporated stereo sound, but in 1982 the government of Efrain Rios Montt gave the order to close the channel for about a month. In 1988, Canal 3 and Televisiete were sold to Televisa. In 1990, it began broadcasting 24 hours a day. In 1992, both channels were sold to Miami-based television corporation Albavisión. The station made its first broadcasts in high definition during World Cup Germany 2006 experimentally on Channel 19 of the band UHF. In 2015, the group Grupo Chapín TV was created, along with its sister channels. Controversies On June 2, 2016, the International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala and Public Prosecutor's Office announced the State Cooperation Case in Guatemala State Co-optation. According to the investigations, in 2008, Otto Pérez Molina, general secretary of the Patriotic Party, was shaping up as the presidential candidate. Because his party needed funds, a group of companies controlled by Roxana Baldetti was used to receive illicit money, including Comercial Urma, Publicmer, Publiases and Serpumer. These entities began receiving money from Guatemala Radio and Television and Televisiete. As the campaign progressed, channels increased payments to the four companies to the sum of Q17 679 200.00. Monthly, two payments were recorded for Q215 600.00, one for each channel. Both television stations benefited from million-dollar contracts after the new government took office in 2012. Payments were not reported to the Supreme Electoral Court and were used to purchase new vehicles: ten trucks, one bus and five vans, which were used in the Patriot Party's presidential campaign. References http://www.cicig.org/index.php?mact-News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid-723&cntnt01returnid-TM 67-videos-title-Cooptation of the State of Guatemala-website-International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala-location-Guatemala-date-June 2, 2016-date-June 2, 2016 Television channels and stations established in 1956 Television stations in Guatemala
Jon Istad (29 July 1937 – 17 May 2012) was a Norwegian biathlete and sport shooter. He was born in Voss and represented the club Voss IL. He was the father of Sverre Istad and uncle of Gro Marit Istad, both Olympians. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympics, and all three times finished eleventh in the 20 kilometres. In 1968 he also won a silver medal with the Norwegian relay team. At the World Championships he won a gold medal in the 20 km event in 1966 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, becoming the second biathlon world champion in Norway's history. In addition, he won two gold medals in relay in 1966 and 1967 and a silver medal in 1969. He was Norwegian champion in the 20 kilometres five times, and once in the relay. Istad was also a national champion, European Championships bronze medalist and World Championships silver medalist (in the team competition) in sport shooting. He died in May 2012. Biathlon results All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union. Olympic Games 1 medal (1 silver) The relay was added as an event in 1968. World Championships 7 medals (3 gold, 1 silver, 3 bronze) During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program. **The team (time) event was removed in 1965, whilst the relay was added in 1966. References External links 1937 births 2012 deaths People from Voss Norwegian male biathletes Norwegian male sport shooters Biathletes at the 1960 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 1964 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 1968 Winter Olympics Olympic biathletes for Norway Medalists at the 1968 Winter Olympics Olympic medalists in biathlon Olympic silver medalists for Norway Biathlon World Championships medalists Sportspeople from Vestland
Kristian Omar Álvarez Núñez (born 20 April 1992) is a Mexican professional footballer who last played as centre-back for Spanish club Salamanca UDS. Club career Guadalajara Álvarez was born in Zapotlanejo, Jalisco, Mexico. He was one of the young promises of the Club Deportivo Guadalajara. He was already captain of the Chivas sub-17 team. On 23 April 2011 he made his professional debut against Cruz Azul in a 1–1 draw. Jose Luis Real has described Alvarez as very talented, strong, great at marking and sweeping, having bravery and aggression to rush out and deal with any unexpected goal threats. Santos Laguna On June 10, 2015, it was officially announced Kristian Alvarez would join Santos Laguna on loan. Veracruz Alvarez joined Veracruz on a one-year loan. International career In the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup he was the captain on the Mexico U-17 team. Right-back Kristian Alvarez opened for Mexico with an amazing long-range lob. Diego De Buen scores a brilliant volley to also score in the 3–0 win over Canada. Kristian Alvarez scored twice to help Mexico beat Guatemala 3-0 and reach the 2009 U-17 World Cup. Career statistics Club Honours Club Santos Laguna Campeón de Campeones: 2015 International Mexico U20 CONCACAF U-20 Championship: 2011 References External links 1992 births Living people Footballers from Guadalajara, Jalisco Men's association football central defenders Ascenso MX players Liga MX players C.D. Guadalajara footballers Santos Laguna footballers C.D. Veracruz footballers Leones Negros UdeG footballers Loros UdeC footballers Segunda División B players Salamanca CF UDS players 2011 Copa América players Mexico men's youth international footballers Mexico men's under-20 international footballers Mexican men's footballers Mexican expatriate men's footballers Mexican expatriate sportspeople in Spain Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Atlético La Paz footballers
The following events occurred in February 1963: February 1, 1963 (Friday) At Ulus Square in Ankara, 87 people were killed and 200 injured when a Vickers 754D Viscount airliner fell into a crowd in the Turkish city. Middle East Airlines Flight 265, with 14 people on board, was descending for a landing at Ankara after departing from Nicosia in Cyprus. At the same time, a Turkish Air Force C-47 airplane with a crew of three was approaching the same airport after a training flight. The two collided at , and all 17 people on both aircraft were killed. The wreckage of the Vickers Viscount fell into the crowd below, 20 seconds later. The collapse of a school chapel killed 104 people, mostly schoolgirls, during prayer services in the town of Biblián, in Ecuador. There were 450 people inside when the roof fell under heavy rains. The Mercury Project Office canceled a peroxide expulsion experiment for the April Mercury 9 mission, but kept the planned zodiacal light experiment. February 2, 1963 (Saturday) Kim Jong-pil founded South Korea's Democratic Republican Party. Kim would be forced into exile three weeks later, on February 24. General Ivan Serov was dismissed from his job as Director of the GRU and replaced by Pyotr Ivashutin. Pentti Nikula of Finland broke the world record for the pole vault, which had been held by a succession of Americans for almost 35 years. Nikula cleared the bar at 4.94 meters (16 feet, inches) using a fiberglass pole. The Beatles went on tour at the bottom of an eight-act bill headed by 16-year-old singer Helen Shapiro. Born: Eva Cassidy, American singer, in Washington, D.C. (died 1996) Died: Patrick Kerwin, 73, Chief Justice of Canada since 1954 February 3, 1963 (Sunday) Elections were held in Nicaragua for the President, the 42-member Chamber of Deputies, and the 16 member Senate. Evidence of massive impending fraud caused the Traditional Conservative Party, led by Fernando Agüero Rocha, to abandon its loyalist stance and to call for a boycott of the 1963 elections. René Schick Gutiérrez of the Nationalist Liberal Party, considered a puppet of Luis Somoza and the Somoza family that had ruled since 1932, officially won 90 percent of the vote over the Conservatives Diego Manuel Chamorro. Somoza's party also won two-thirds of the seats in the Chamber and 75% of the Senate seats. On orders from Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, Operation Coldstore was carried out in Singapore, with the arrest of more than 150 journalists, labor and student leaders, and members of political parties that opposed Lee's People's Action Party (PAP). The detainees were kept at the Outram Road Prison for three months; with the leaders of the Barisan Sosialis and other parties forced out of campaigning, the PAP would capture 2/3rds of the seats in the parliamentary elections, and maintain control thereafter. Canadian Minister of National Defence Douglas Harkness resigned in disagreement over the nuclear policies of Prime Minister Diefenbaker, triggering the collapse of the rest of the ministry. February 4, 1963 (Monday) The SS Marine Sulphur Queen, a tanker with a crew of 39 and a cargo of molten sulphur, was heard from for the last time, two days after its departure from Beaumont, Texas en route to Norfolk, Virginia. Contact between the ship and its owner, Marine Transport Lines, Inc., was lost and the ship was reported missing two days later. Debris from the tanker washed ashore in Florida, but a search by U.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Navy airplanes did not locate the ship. The story of the disappearance of the tanker would first be described as a casualty of the "Bermuda Triangle" in the Argosy magazine article (by Vincent Gaddis in its February 1964 issue) "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle", although an investigating panel concluded that the ship, structurally unsound and burdened by its heavy cargo, broke in half during a storm. The UK Football Association decided to postpone the fifth and sixth rounds of the 1962–63 FA Cup because of delays caused by the severe winter. February 5, 1963 (Tuesday) The Canadian House of Commons voted 142–111 in favor of a resolution of no confidence in the government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. Parliament was dissolved the next day by Governor-General George Vanier, and elections were scheduled for April 8. The U.S. Department of State made travel by United States citizens to Cuba illegal on a decision by President John F. Kennedy, in addition to bans on financial and commercial transactions with the Communist nation in the Caribbean. The Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) postponed the April Mercury 9 mission because of damaged electrical wiring problems in the Atlas rocket. The Gemini Project Office perfected plans for the first U.S. "walk in space". McDonnell Aircraft Corporation studied requirements for (1) crew maneuverability in a closed cabin; (2) allowing an astronaut to stand in an open hatch without leaving the cabin and (3) allowing a crew member to venture out of the capsule and into space. Died: Abd el-Krim, 77, Moroccan nationalist who fought for independence against France and Britain after Morocco had become a French protectorate in 1911 Barnum Brown, 90, American paleontologist who discovered the first documented Tyrannosaurus rex remains in 1902. February 6, 1963 (Wednesday) U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara appeared at a nationally televised press conference from the White House to show proof, with photographs from U-2 spy planes, that all offensive missiles had been removed from Cuba. Titan II development flight N-16 was launched from Cape Canaveral. The prospective Gemini astronauts concluded their training on orbital mechanics and flight dynamics and familiarization with the Gemini spacecraft and Titan launch vehicle. Died: Piero Manzoni, 29, Italian artist, heart attack February 7, 1963 (Thursday) In one of New Zealand's worst road accidents ever, a bus crashed after its brakes failed nearing the top of the southern descent of the Brynderwyn Range, killing 15 of the 35 people on board. The bus, bringing back a group of Māori people from a welcome for Queen Elizabeth's visit to Waitangi, plunged over a embankment, and evoked memories of a December 24, 1953, train crash that killed 151 people who were on their way to Auckland to welcome the Queen to New Zealand. In the first ballot to select the new leader of Britain's opposition Labour Party, Harold Wilson received 115 votes, George Brown 88, and James Callaghan 41. Since no candidate received a majority of MP votes, a second round would be held on February 14 between Wilson and Brown. A simulation of the Gemini ejection was conducted at Naval Ordnance Test Station. Two dummies were ejected, and for the first time the test added Gemini's "ballute" system. The ballute (a portmanteau for "balloon" and "parachute") was a device to stabilize the astronaut after ejection at high altitude. In the first test, the ballute failed to inflate or release properly on either dummy. After redesign, five consecutive dummy drops in March succeeded. "Please Please Me", The Beatles' first single to be sold in the United States, was released by Vee-Jay Records. Only 7,310 copies of the record were bought. February 8, 1963 (Friday) A military coup by the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi-wing overthrew the Prime Minister of Iraq, Abd al-Karim Qasim. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr became the new Prime Minister and Colonel Abdul Salam Arif became President. Britain's Royal Navy conducted the worlds first experimental trials of a vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing aircraft aboard an aircraft carrier, testing the Hawker Siddeley P.1127 prototype aboard HMS Ark Royal. Northrop Corporation completed the drop tests in developing the parachute recovery system for Project Gemini. February 9, 1963 (Saturday) The Boeing 727 made its first flight. Pilot S.L. Wallick, copilot R.L. Loesch and flight engineer M.K. Schulenberger took the plane aloft from the company's airfield at Renton, Washington. The Metropolitan Josyf Slipyj, Archbishop and leader of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and a Roman Catholic cardinal, was allowed to leave Ukraine by the Soviet Union, departing Lviv by train. He would never return, dying in 1984. Died: Abd al-Karim Qasim, 48, former Prime Minister of Iraq, was executed by a firing squad, one day after being overthrown and only hours after a brief court-martial. February 10, 1963 (Sunday) Five cities in Japan, on the northernmost part of the island of Kyūshū, were merged to become the city of Kitakyūshū, with a population of more than one million. U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, taking up a challenge made by his brother, the President, for U.S. Marines to meet Theodore Roosevelt's standard for hiking within three days, completed the distance in 17 hours and 50 minutes. Born: Smiley Culture (stage name for David Victor Emmanuel), British reggae singer and DJ; in South London (died 2011, suicide) Lenny Dykstra, American baseball player; in Santa Ana, California February 11, 1963 (Monday) The French Chef, one of the most well-known American cooking shows on television, premiered on Boston public television station WGBH in Boston and was hosted by Julia Child, co-author of the book Mastering the Art of French Cooking. The show ran for nine seasons and 206 episodes until 1973. The CIA's Domestic Operations Division was created. The Beatles recorded the ten songs of their debut album Please Please Me in a single, 13-hour session at the Abbey Road Studios. Born: Vivian Yam, Hong Kong chemist Died: Sylvia Plath, 30, American poet, novelist and short story writer, and author of The Bell Jar, committed suicide at her apartment in London by inhaling carbon monoxide fumes from her gas oven. February 12, 1963 (Tuesday) All 43 people on Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 705 were killed when the Boeing 720 broke up in mid-air during a severe thunderstorm shortly after takeoff from Miami International Airport and crashed into the Florida Everglades. The plane departed from Miami at 1:35 pm local time, bound for Chicago, and was cleared to climb to a higher altitude to avoid a thunderstorm. A 1:48, the plane was broken apart by downdrafts at an altitude of and crashed. Construction work began on the Gateway Arch at St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The tall structure, commemorating St. Louis as the "gateway to the West", would be completed on October 28, 1965. NASA published objectives of the Mercury 9 mission. The first U.S. mission to stay in space for more than 24 hours would complete almost 22 orbits and splash down in the Pacific Ocean from Midway Island. Astronaut Gordon Cooper's ability to function in more than one day of weightlessness would be evaluated for longer flights. MSC announced that Mercury 9, originally set for April, would be launched in May. Born: Jacqueline Woodson, American children's author; in Columbus, Ohio John Michael Higgins, American actor and comedian; in Boston, Massachusetts February 13, 1963 (Wednesday) A 7.3 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Taiwan, near Su-ao, Yilan County. Despite its magnitude, the earthquake killed only three people. The dead were highway workers near Taichung who were buried in an avalanche triggered by the tremor. Residents of the Rwenzori Mountains in the Toro Kingdom region of southwestern Uganda rebelled against the government and declared independence of a state they called the Republic of Ruwenzuru. The Toro independence movement would be defeated in 1970, and a majority of the secessionist leaders would be murdered in 1972. February 14, 1963 (Thursday) Syncom 1 was launched from the United States and became the first satellite to be placed into geosynchronous orbit, but failed to function as a communications satellite because its equipment was damaged in the process of being aligned to coincide with the rotation of the Earth. The Coca-Cola Company introduced its first low calorie soft drink, TaB, a sugar-free cola sweetened with cyclamates rather than sugar, test marketing it in Springfield, Massachusetts. Days later, the Pepsi Cola Company introduced its Patio cola on February 20 in test-marketing in Greenville, South Carolina. Neither drink was the first in the U.S. market. The Royal Crown Cola company, manufacturers of RC Cola, had introduced Diet Rite Cola in 1955. Harold Wilson was elected leader of Britain's opposition Labour Party, defeating George Brown, Baron George-Brown 144-103 in the second ballot, and putting Wilson in line to be the nation's next Prime Minister when general elections took place. The Indian Air Force received its first batch of Soviet fighters, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s. February 15, 1963 (Friday) Television was introduced in Singapore, with one hour per week of programming initially, increasing by April to five hours of programming each weeknight, and 10 hours each on Saturday and Sunday. The Dutch liner struck the wreckage of SS Harborough at Bremen, West Germany, and was holed. All 230 passengers and 276 crew were rescued by the German ship SS Gotthilf Hagen. The Maasdam had been three days away from inaugurating direct service between West Germany and the United States. Agena target vehicle plans were presented to the Gemini Project Office, with tests of the target docking adapter to take place at Merritt Island radar tower. The Leonard's M&O Subway (later the Tandy Center Subway), the only privately owned subway in the United States, opened in Fort Worth, Texas. It would cease operations in 2002. February 16, 1963 (Saturday) Mauritania and Mali signed the Treaty of Kayes at the Malian capital, Bamako, ending a border dispute between the two nations. At Melodifestivalen 1963, Sweden selected its entry for the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest, "En gång i Stockholm", sung by Monica Zetterlund. Died: László Lajtha, 70, Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist and conductor February 17, 1963 (Sunday) Toru Terasawa of Japan set a new world record for fastest time in the marathon, winning the Beppu Marathon in 2 hours, 15 minutes and 16 seconds. Turkey accepted the proposal to remove the remaining Jupiter nuclear missiles based there by the United States, with the last of the weapons taken out by April 24; nuclear defense of Turkey would be replaced by Polaris submarines. African-American activist W. E. B. Du Bois renounced his American citizenship and became a citizen of Ghana, six months before his death. Born: Michael Jordan, American basketball player, five time NBA Most Valuable Player Award for the National Basketball Association (in 1988, 1991, 1992, 1996 and 1998), and later owner of the NBA Charlotte Hornets team; in Brooklyn, New York Larry the Cable Guy, American stand-up comedian, actor, and former radio personality; as Daniel Lawrence Whitney in Pawnee City, Nebraska February 18, 1963 (Monday) Mount Agung, a dormant volcano on the Indonesian island of Bali, became active again for the first time in 120 years. Its lava flow would destroy villages in the vicinity and kill more than 1,000 people. Born: Fuad Muhammad Syafruddin ("Udin"), Indonesian journalist murdered in 1996. The date of his birth was considered unlucky in the Javanese calendar as it fell on a kliwon Monday. February 19, 1963 (Tuesday) The publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique launched the reawakening of the Feminist Movement in the United States, as well as the spread of women's organizations and consciousness-raising groups. The results of the 1962 population census of Nigeria were found to be so inaccurate that Prime Minister Abubakar Balewa announced that the count was being scrapped and that a new census would take place later in the year. Born: Seal (stage name for Sealhenry Samuel), black British pop music singer;, in Paddington, London Died: Benny Moré, 43, Cuban singer, from cirrhosis of the liver February 20, 1963 (Wednesday) Der Stellvetreter, by West German playwright Rolf Hochhuth, premiered in West Berlin at the Volksbühne. The play, which would be translated into 17 languages (including in English as The Deputy), was described as a revival of documentary theatre and based on the thesis that Pope Pius XII was a participant in the Holocaust by failing to speak out against it; the hero of the work was Kurt Gerstein, the Nazi SS Officer who attempted to make the Pope aware of the genocide. Kenneth S. Kleinknecht, Manager, Mercury Project Office, noted that 1,144.51 minutes of orbital space time (19 hours, 4 minutes and 30.6 seconds) had been logged by the first three U.S. orbiting crewed missions in the first year since John Glenn's Mercury 6 launch on February 20, 1962, including those of Scott Carpenter (Mercury 7) and Wally Schirra (Mercury 8). The flights proved that humans could perform in a space environment, that the design of the Mercury spacecraft was technically sound, and that NASA was confident with the experience accrued for the coming Gemini and Apollo projects. Dr. Hugh L. Dryden, the NASA Deputy Administrator, presented the Friendship 7 spacecraft used by John Glenn a year earlier on the Mercury 6 mission to the Smithsonian Institution. Astronaut John Glenn presented the Smithsonian with his flight suit, boots, gloves, and a small American flag that he carried on the mission. Born: Charles Barkley, American NBA player and league MVP in 1993; in Leeds, Alabama Ian Brown, British alternative rock singer for The Stone Roses, in Warrington Died: Ferenc Fricsay, 48, Hungarian-Austrian conductor, stomach cancer February 21, 1963 (Thursday) Telstar 1, the first privately financed satellite, became the first satellite to be destroyed by radiation. Telstar had been launched from the United States eight months earlier on July 10, 1962, one day after the U.S. had conducted a high altitude nuclear test, and the increased concentration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belt had caused the communication satellite's transponders to deteriorate. The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party sent a formal letter to the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee, proposing a summit between the two in order to settle their differences. China would respond favorably on March 9. The Communist government of East Berlin yielded to public protests and reversed a decision to assign graduating students to specific occupations and prohibit them from applying for other lines of work. A week earlier, high schools had been sent "lists containing the name of each pupil and the job that the state authorities had picked for him or her" as part of the national requirement of one year of manual labor prior to being able to attend a university. Teachers, students and parents had sent letters of criticism. Neues Deutschland, the official newspaper of East Germany's ruling communist organization, the Socialist Unity Party, announced the rescission of the order and criticized it as "bureaucratic, narrow-minded and schematic". A 5.3 magnitude earthquake destroyed the city of Al Maraj, Libya. The quake lasted for 15 seconds, collapsed 70 percent of the town's buildings, killed more than 300 people, and left 12,000 homeless. Gordon Cooper and Alan Shepard, pilot and backup pilot, respectively, for May's Mercury 9 mission, received a one-day briefing on all experiments approved for the flight, and all hardware and operational procedures to handle the experiments were established. Klein's Sporting Goods of Chicago received a shipment of Mannlicher–Carcano rifles from Crescent Firearms Company of New York, including rifle #C2766, which would be used to kill John F. Kennedy. February 22, 1963 (Friday) China and Pakistan signed an agreement to settle the long border between China's Xinjiang region and Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan area, with China relinquishing to Pakistan. Executive Order 11085 from U.S. President Kennedy established the Presidential Medal of Freedom, for the stated purpose of honoring "any person who has made an especially meritorious contribution" in one of three categories, "the security or national interests of the United States", "world peace", or "cultural or other significant public or private endeavors". The fictional cartoon character Pebbles Flintstone was "born" in an episode of the cartoon The Flintstones called "The Blessed Event". Born: Devon Malcolm, Jamaican-English cricketer, in Kingston February 23, 1963 (Saturday) General Ne Win, the President of Burma, ordered the nationalization of all that country's banks. At 1:00 in the afternoon, tanks were sent to the various financial institutions in Rangoon and the private management was forced by troops to relinquish the vaults to the Army. Canadian politician Marcel Chaput called a press conference to announce the opening of the office of the Parti républicain du Québec (PRQ). Born: Bobby Bonilla, American baseball player; in The Bronx Died: Robert Leroy Cochran, 77, American politician and 24th Governor of Nebraska February 24, 1963 (Sunday) Women were permitted to vote for the first time in the tiny European nation of Monaco as elections were held for the nation's parliament, the 18-member National Council. The National and Democratic Union party, which had been created by a merger of the two parties that had opposed each other in the 1958 election (the conservative Union Nationale des Indépendents and the less conservative Entente Nationale Démocratique), won 17 of the 18 seats. Charles Soccal, a Communist running on the Democratic Union Movement ticket, won the 18th seat in a runoff election. The fifth running of the Daytona 500 was won by Tiny Lund. The first place purse of $23,350 (equivalent to $178,000 fifty years later and $215,000 in 2013 ) was the highest in stock car racing at the time. Jonny Nilsson won the 10,000m speed skating event, and set a new world record of 15 minutes, 46.6 seconds, to win the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in Japan. Knut Johannesen finished second and Nils Aaness third. February 25, 1963 (Monday) The sinking of the Japanese ferry Tokiwa Maru killed 47 of the 66 people on board, ten minute after the ferry collided with a much larger Japanese cargo ship, Richmond Maru off Kobe. The Tokiwa Maru disaster was one of four fatal ship accidents in a 24-hour period. In the other accidents, The Greek ore carrier SS Aegli capsized in a storm and sank in the Aegean Sea with the loss of 18 of her 22 crew; the four survivors were able to swim to nearby islands. An unidentified Japanese fishing boat and its 11 crew sank in a storm in the East China Sea, and four persons on the Italian oil tanker Miraflores were killed in a fiery collision on the Scheldt River with the British tanker Abadesa. Born Joseph Edward Duncan, American serial killer; in Tacoma, Washington (died 2021) Paul O'Neill, American baseball player; in Columbus, Ohio February 26, 1963 (Tuesday) Armenian-born U.S. inventor Luther Simjian received a patent for his invention of the "Bankograph", a depository machine for receiving and accurately recording (using optical character recognition) deposits of checks, currency and coins and providing a receipt for the customer. U.S. Patent 3,079,603 had been applied for on June 30, 1963. Although the Bankograph, which had been tested by the City Bank of New York while the patent was pending, did not come into widespread use, some of Simjian's optical recognition technology would be incorporated for automated banking. Gemini Project Office (GPO) decided that spacecraft separation from the launch vehicle would be accomplished manually, and that no second-stage cutoff signal to the spacecraft would be required. GPO directed McDonnell to remove pertinent hardware from the spacecraft and Martin to recommend necessary hardware changes to the launch vehicle. February 27, 1963 (Wednesday) Juan Bosch took office as the 41st president of the Dominican Republic. His democratically elected government would exist for less than seven months, and be overthrown by a military coup on September 25, 1963. Female suffrage was enacted in Iran, by decree of the Shah. Died: Makonnen Endelkachew, 72, Prime Minister of Ethiopia 1943 to 1957. February 28, 1963 (Thursday) Chicago Alderman Benjamin F. Lewis of the 24th Ward, the first African-American to be elected to the Chicago City Council from the ward, was found murdered at his office in the 24th Ward's Democratic Party headquarters, two days after being overwhelmingly re-elected to a second term. Lewis had been handcuffed and then shot four times in the back of his head. The murder was never solved. American comedian Lenny Bruce was convicted by a jury in a Chicago municipal court on charges of obscenity arising from his profanity-laced performance at the Gate of Horn nightclub on December 5. Dorothy Schiff resigned from the New York Newspaper Publisher's Association, saying that the city needed at least one paper operating during the newspaper strike. Her newspaper, the New York Post, would resume publication on March 4. The Gemini Project Office (GPO) reported that spacecraft No. 3 had been reassigned to the Gemini flight program. Died: Rajendra Prasad, 78, the first President of India, who served from 1950 to 1962 References 1963 1963-02 1963-02
```javascript "use strict"; /* eslint-disable max-statements / const Fs = require("fs"); const Path = require("path"); const util = require("./util"); const subappUtil = require("subapp-util"); const _ = require("lodash"); const assert = require("assert"); const { getXRequire } = require("@xarc/app").isomorphicLoader; module.exports = function setup(setupContext) { const cdnEnabled = _.get(setupContext, "routeOptions.cdn.enable"); const distDir = process.env.NODE_ENV === "production" ? "../dist/min" : "../dist/dev"; const clientJs = Fs.readFileSync(Path.join(__dirname, distDir, "subapp-web.js")).toString(); const cdnJs = cdnEnabled ? Fs.readFileSync(Path.join(__dirname, distDir, "cdn-map.js")).toString() : ""; const loadJs = Fs.readFileSync(require.resolve("loadjs/dist/loadjs.min.js"), "utf8"); // // TODO: in webpack dev mode, we need to reload stats after there's a change // const metricReport = _.get(setupContext, "routeOptions.reporting", {}); const { assets } = util.loadAssetsFromStats(setupContext.routeOptions.stats); assert(assets, `subapp-web unable to load assets from ${setupContext.routeOptions.stats}`); setupContext.routeOptions.__internals.assets = assets; const cdnJsBundles = util.getCdnJsBundles(assets, setupContext.routeOptions); const bundleAssets = { jsChunksById: cdnJsBundles, // md === mapping data for other assets md: util.getCdnOtherMappings(setupContext.routeOptions), entryPoints: assets.entryPoints, basePath: "" }; // For subapp version 2, when using to do dynamic import, // code to translate for webpack 4 jsonp bundle loading. // requires processing done by xarc-webpack/src/plugins/jsonp-script-src-plugin // TBD: need to update when upgrade to webpack 5 const webpackJsonpJS = cdnEnabled ? Fs.readFileSync(Path.join(__dirname, distDir, "webpack4-jsonp.js")).toString() : ""; const namespace = _.get(setupContext, "routeOptions.namespace"); let inlineRuntimeJS = ""; let runtimeEntryPoints = []; if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") { runtimeEntryPoints = Object.keys(assets.chunksById.js).filter(ep => assets.chunksById.js[ep].startsWith("runtime.bundle") ); inlineRuntimeJS = "/rt/" + runtimeEntryPoints .map(ep => Path.resolve("dist", "js", Path.basename(cdnJsBundles[ep]))) .filter(fullPath => Fs.existsSync(fullPath)) .map(fullPath => Fs.readFileSync(fullPath)) .join(" ") .replace(/\/\/#\ssourceMappingURL=.$/, "") + "/rt/"; inlineRuntimeJS += `\nwindow.xarcV1.markBundlesLoaded(${JSON.stringify(runtimeEntryPoints)}${ namespace ? ", " + JSON.stringify(namespace) : "" });`; } const namespaceScriptJs = namespace ? `window.__default__namespace="${namespace}";` : ""; const scriptId = namespace ? namespace : "bundle"; const { scriptNonce = "" } = util.getNonceValue(setupContext.routeOptions); const webSubAppJs = `<script${scriptNonce} id="${scriptId}Assets" type="application/json"> ${JSON.stringify(bundleAssets)} </script> <script${scriptNonce}>/LJ/${loadJs}/LJ/ ${webpackJsonpJS} ${namespaceScriptJs} ${clientJs} ${cdnJs} ${inlineRuntimeJS} </script>`; let subAppServers; const getSubAppServers = () => { if (subAppServers) { return subAppServers; } // TODO: where and how is subApps set in __internals? const { subApps } = setupContext.routeOptions.__internals; // check if any subapp has server side code with initialize method and load them return (subAppServers = subApps && subApps .map(({ subapp }) => subappUtil.loadSubAppServerByName(subapp.name, false)) .filter(x => x && x.initialize)); }; const setupIsomorphicCdnUrlMapping = () => { const extRequire = getXRequire(); if (!extRequire) return; const cdnAssets = util.loadCdnAssets(setupContext.routeOptions); const cdnKeys = Object.keys(cdnAssets).map(k => Path.basename(k)); extRequire.setUrlMapper(url => { const urlBaseName = Path.basename(url); return (cdnKeys.includes(urlBaseName) && cdnAssets[urlBaseName]) \|\| url; }); }; if (cdnEnabled) { setupIsomorphicCdnUrlMapping(); } return { process: context => { context.user.assets = assets; context.user.includedBundles = {}; runtimeEntryPoints.forEach(ep => { context.user.includedBundles[ep] = true; }); if (metricReport.enable && metricReport.reporter) { context.user.xarcSSREmitter = util.getEventEmiiter(metricReport.reporter); } getSubAppServers(); // invoke the initialize method of subapp's server code if (subAppServers && subAppServers.length > 0) { for (const server of getSubAppServers()) { server.initialize(context); } } return webSubAppJs; } }; }; ```
The Jinshuitan Dam is an arch dam on Longquan Creek, a tributary of the Oujiang River in Zhejiang Province, China. It is located about southwest of Lishui. The dam and power station were completed in 1988 and serve several purposes to include hydroelectric power generation, water supply, flood control and navigation. It is the first dam of the Oujiang River cascade to be constructed and creates the second largest lake in Zhejiang. Background Construction on the dam began in October 1981 and the river was closed the same month in 1983. In 1986, the reservoir began filling and reached conservation storage level. On 7 April 1987, the first generator went online and by 31 December 1988, the other three generators in the power station were commissioned. Design The dam is a double-curvature (variable radius) type with a height of , crest width of and base width of . Sitting at the head of a catchment area, the dam creates Xiangong Lake which has a capacity of . The lake covers a surface area of and is in length. The dam has two spillways that lie on either side of the power station. Each spillway has a shallow and an intermediate opening. The shallow openings have a maximum discharge of while the intermediate can discharge . The power station is located at the base of the dam and contains the six 50 MW Francis turbine-generators which are each supplied with water via a diameter penstock. Between the power station and the east spillway, there is a boat/raft lift to move small vessels and lumber from the river below into the reservoir. See also List of dams and reservoirs in China List of major power stations in Zhejiang References Dams in China Hydroelectric power stations in Zhejiang Arch dams Dams completed in 1968
The Holly Bluff site (22 YZ 557), sometimes known as the Lake George Site, and locally as "The Mound Place," is an archaeological site that is a type site for the Lake George phase of the prehistoric Plaquemine culture period of the area. The site is on the southern margin of the Mississippian cultural advance down the Mississippi River and on the northern edge of that of the Cole's Creek and Plaquemine cultures of the South." The site was first excavated by Clarence Bloomfield Moore in 1908 and tested by Philip Phillips, Paul Gebhard and Nick Zeigler in 1949. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The mounds are listed on the Mississippi Mound Trail. Location One of the half dozen really big sites in the State of Mississippi, the Holly Bluff site is located on the south bank of George Lake, or Lake George as it is sometimes known, a half mile east of its confluence with the Sunflower River and a mile and a half southeast of the village of Holly Bluff, Yazoo County. Today the site is bisected by a county road and is used as a plantation headquarters but still clearly visible are the numerous large mounds and the remains of a surrounding wall. Prehistoric timeline The site's occupation begins with a Jaketown Phase occupation evidenced by a scattering of Poverty Point objects in the lowest levels of excavations. This is followed, after a hiatus evidenced by a complete lack of Tuscola Phase materials, by an early Marksville period component tentatively assigned an early Anderson Landing Phase that may have lasted into an early Issaquena times. The succeeding late 'Issaquena Phase and Deasonville Phases are virtually unrepresented at Holly Bluff. The site was again occupied from the lower half of the Baytown period up to the late prehistoric times. All phases of the local sequence from the Bayland on through the Lake George Phase (1350–1500) (of which the site is the type site for the Lower Yazoo Basin Plaquemine chronology) are abundantly documented. Materials of the Crippen Point Phase of the Late Coles Creek appear to be most widely spread, and it may have been at this time that the settlement attained its greatest size. In the final Lake George Phase additions were made to some of the mounds, especially Mound A, and the enclosing embankment was built, but the total area occupied was perhaps not as large as in the preceding period. Site description Mound A is almost the exact center of the site, a most unusual location for the dominant mound in ceremonial centers of the Coles Creek and Mississippi periods. In the case of centers the plaza is normally the central feature with the principal "temple mound" located on one side, usually but not always the west, its principal ramp giving access from the plaza on the east side of the mound. In the case of Holly Bluff there seems to have been two plazas to the east and west of the Mound A respectively. Sampling evidence supports the theory that Mound A was originally part of a group (including mounds B, C, D, E, and F) surrounding the western plaza possibly as early as the Bayland phase (but more likely the Aden phase), and certainly established by the Kings Crossing phase. Mound A may or may not have been the principal structure at this time. This plan may have carried on into the Crippen Point phase, but the evidence strongly suggests that either then or in the succeeding Mayersville phase site reorientation took place. Mound A became the principal feature of an east plaza assemblage (with mounds F', G, G', H, U, and V) which remained the ritual center of the site throughout the remainder of its history. The twenty-five mounds that are now recognized range from barely noticeable rises to the massive Mound A, which is high and covers nearly two acres. It is believed that the lower rises were used as house substructures and repeatedly reconstructed. The larger mounds were most likely used for ceremonial purposes rather than residential. Until recent erosion, earthen ramps could be seen climbing to the summits of these large mounds. Seven of the mounds are situated along the bank of George Lake and six more are located within the embankment. The remaining twelve mounds are positioned around the two plazas situated to the east and west of Mound A. This design is unusual and extremely large for the area; the closest in size and layout is the Winterville site. The final major feature of the site is the earthen wall and the trench that surrounds it on three sides. In the earliest survey of the site, C. B. Moore reported that the wall was four to high and still reached this height although large sections have now been destroyed. It is likely that the ditch, which was filled with water from George Lake, supplied the dirt for the wall. The one side that was not protected by the wall was the lake side of the site, the lake bank creating a steep enough boundary on this northern side to provide protection. Besides topographical settings, the environment of the Lake George site was extremely favorable for occupation. In prehistoric times the rich soils and the varying ecologies supported a vast array of plant and animal species. The natural levees created by deposits from the Mississippi were made of rich sandy and silty loams which allowed the common Southeastern deciduous hardwoods, such as hickory, elm, ash, cottonwood, maple, pecan, hackberry, honey locust, sycamore, and even gums and oaks, to flourish. The swamps surrounding the site supported an entirely different ecosystem including alligators, small reptiles and aquatic plants. The streams and rivers also provided fish, shellfish, and other aquatic fauna, which can be seen from excavations of shell middens and deposits of the site. These waterways also provided a major form of communication. This abundant region was obviously utilized by many different peoples over the course of prehistory as the Holly Bluff site shows. Excavations Looting, erosion and cultivation have extensively damaged the Holy Bluff site over the years. This has caused some debate over the form and degree of some of the earthworks. Clarence B. Moore noted in 1908, following a visit, that some thirty rises and mounds, small and large, could be counted within the enclosure. Nine years later Calvin S. Brown visited and counted only twenty-five or so mounds within the wall. In 1928 and again in 1936 James A. Ford recorded only twenty-two mounds. In a site report in January 1941, Jesse D. Jennings described twenty-seven mounds and some questionable rises. C. B. Moore's original estimate is believed to most accurately reflect the situation; many of the smaller earthworks have been lost to recent and intense cultivation. In January and February 1908, Clarence Bloomfield Moore received permission from the then owner Judge William Andrew Henry of Yazoo City to excavate the sites along the Yazoo River and its tributary the Sunflower River in his steamboat, The Gopher. On his excavation Moore recorded eleven sites and partially excavated eight, including Holly Bluff: "with a large force to dig, including May who had been in our service before, we go directly to work on such mounds". Moore commented on the physical appearance of the site: "Strewn over the enclosed area, among the mounds and on them…are chert pebbles; fragments of chert; bits of mussel shell; and small parts of earthenware vessels" Most of the earthenware was undecorated, he recorded, and mostly shell-tempered with some stone tempering which is common in the Yazoo-Sunflower region. C. B. Moore's excavations produced various small artifacts including projectile points, a pebble ax of fossilized wood, a chert hammerstone, and a zoomorphic effigy pipe of shell-tempered pottery. He was disappointed, however, in finding nothing of great importance other than two disturbed burials in a mound on the lake front. Moore's disappointment was evident in his failing to map the site and his statement, "it having become evident to us that our search was inadequately rewarded". Numerous other archaeologists with varying degrees of success followed up Moore's excavations. Each of the later excavations found an extremely different system of mounds. In the 1920s the site was damaged by the then-plantation owner Mr. Charles W. Perry who pastured cattle on the large mounds and cultivated the smaller mounds. The cattle foraged the cover of the larger mounds and their trampling eroded much of the site, erasing the ramps described by Moore. In 1949 Philip Phillips, Paul Gebhard and Nick Zeigler began performing test excavations of the Holly Bluff site. These were the first truly scientific excavations carried out at the site. The interpretations of the data provided the first reliable conclusions of the culture history. These tests finally provided evidence that the Holly Bluff site had been occupied for approximately one millennium. The conclusions proved that the Holly Bluff site was an important phase of the Coles Creek culture. From 1958 to 1960, "hundreds of skeletons were removed" from Mound C. See also Culture, phase, and chronological table for the Mississippi Valley Southeastern Ceremonial Complex List of Mississippian sites List of burial mounds in the United States References External links UM Museum of Anthropology Archaeological sites of the Coles Creek culture Plaquemine Mississippian culture National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi Mounds in Mississippi Geography of Yazoo County, Mississippi Archaeological type sites Shell middens in the United States National Register of Historic Places in Yazoo County, Mississippi
Călmățuiu is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bujoru, Caravaneți, Călmățuiu and Nicolae Bălcescu. The river Călmățui passes through the commune. References Communes in Teleorman County Localities in Muntenia
The N13 is a trunk road (route nationale) in France between Paris and Cherbourg. Route Paris to Évreux, km 0 to km 91 The road begins at Porte Maillot, one of former gates in western Paris, in direct alignment with the Champs-Élysées. Continuing on this alignment, the road reaches La Défense after crossing the Seine. Then, as the Boulevard circulaire, orbits around La Défense. To the west of La Défense, the A14 autoroute leaves Paris towards Orgeval and the A13 autoroute. Breaking from its previous straight course, the N13 follows the curves of the river Seine to reach Saint-Germain-en-Laye, passing Nanterre, Le Port-Marly on the way. Exiting Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Chambourcy, the N13 resumes a linear course towards Normandy, crossing the A13 autoroute at Orgeval. The road heads West through Aubergenville and Mantes-la-Jolie. At Bonnières-sur-Seine the N 15 to Le Havre branches off North-West while the N 13 heads West. The road crosses the A13 again through rolling countryside to Pacy-sur-Eure and then to Évreux. There, a junction here with the RN154 was built in the 1990s following the upgrading of the N154 to motorway status from Louviers to La Madeleine-de-Nonancourt. Évreux to Caen, km 91 to km 210 The road between Évreux and Caen follows a straight course of a former Roman road linking Paris to Normandy. The road crosses the river Risle and the A28 autoroute at La Rivière-Thibouville. The road bypasses the town of Lisieux before dropping into the Plaine de Caen, where it crosses the river Dives. The road then heads Northwest into Caen in which the N13 is now de-classified. Caen to Cherbourg km 210 to km 331 After Caen, the road continues northwest past the Ardenne Abbey and around the historic town of Bayeux. The road's old course out of Bayeux has been numbered RD 513 while the new road, a dual carriageway, follows a non-linear course towards Carentan. The road passes the small town of Carentan and turns North towards Valognes and then the port of Cherbourg. Carentan bypass, built between 1994 and 1996, goes underneath the Canal de Carentan, where signals control access to the tunnel below the waterway. Declassification The course of the RN 13 has changed little since its creation but has been largely renumbered and its maintenance is mainly in the hands of local authorities; DDE. The N13 has been completely de-classified between Paris and Chauffour-lès-Bonnières (except in Neuilly-sur-Seine and in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) and between Parville and Caen. Although the road remains heavily used, traffic has diminished since the opening of the A13 autoroute. References 013 Transport in Normandy
The M2 Bradley, or Bradley IFV, is an American infantry fighting vehicle that is a member of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle family. It is manufactured by BAE Systems Land & Armaments (formerly United Defense). The Bradley is designed for reconnaissance and to transport a squad of infantry, providing them protection from small arms fire, while providing firepower to both suppress and eliminate most threats to friendly infantry. It is designed to be highly maneuverable and to be fast enough to keep up with heavy armor during an advance. The M2 holds a crew of three: a commander, a gunner, and a driver, and can carry six fully equipped soldiers as passengers. In the year 2000 the total cost of the program was US$5,664,100,000 for 1,602 units, giving an average unit cost of $3,166,000, equivalent to $4,122,000 in 2022. Design The Bradley IFV was developed largely in response to the amphibious Soviet BMP family of infantry fighting vehicles, and to serve as both an armored personnel carrier (APC), and a tank-killer. Design began in 1963, and it entered production in 1981. A specific design requirement was that it should be as fast as the new M1 Abrams main battle tank so that they could maintain formation while moving, something which the older M113 armored personnel carrier, designed to complement the older M60 Patton, could not do. Armament The Bradley is equipped with the M242 25 mm autocannon as its main weapon. The M242 has a single barrel with an integrated dual-feed mechanism and remote feed selection. The Bradley carries 300 ready rounds in two ready boxes, one of 70 rounds – usually AP-type rounds, the other of 230 rounds – usually HE-type rounds, with another 600 rounds in storage. The two ready boxes allow a selectable mix of rounds, including the M791 APDS-T (Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot (with) Tracer), and M792 HEI-T (High Explosive Incendiary (with) Tracer) rounds. The 25 mm automatic gun is primarily used for clearing bunkers and firing on lightly armored vehicles. The 25 mm automatic gun is not the weapon of choice for engaging tanks, but vehicle commanders, crews, and CALL and Army Infantry Center personnel have reported isolated instances in which the 25 mm automatic gun disabled older generation tanks. However, Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA) officials stated that, on the basis of their assessment of combat vehicles in the Persian Gulf war, for the 25 mm automatic gun to incapacitate a tank it would have to be hit at close range in its more vulnerable areas. Subsequent ammunition developments resulted in the M919 APFSDS-T (Armor-Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer) round, which contains a finned depleted-uranium penetrator similar in concept to armor-piercing munitions used in modern tanks. The M919 was used in combat during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It is also armed with an M240C machine gun mounted coaxially to the M242, with 2,200 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition. For engaging heavier targets, such as tanks, the Bradley has a TOW missile system on board. It was changed from the M2A1 model to fire TOW II missiles. M2 infantry Bradleys have firing ports for a number of M231 Firing Port Weapons (FPWs; modified M16 assault rifles), providing a button-up firing position to replace the top-side gunners on the old ACAV, though the M231 is rarely employed. Initial variants carried six, but the side ports were plated over with the new armor used on the A2 and A3 variants, leaving only the two rear-facing mounts in the loading ramp. Countermeasures The use of aluminum armor and the storage of large quantities of ammunition in the vehicle initially raised questions about its combat survivability. Spaced laminate belts and high hardness steel skirts were added to later versions to improve armor protection, increasing overall weight to 33 tons. However, combat operations have not shown the Bradley to be deficient, with few losses. In friendly fire incidents in Desert Storm many crew members survived hits that totally destroyed lighter USMC LAV-25 vehicles. All versions are equipped with two four-barreled smoke grenade launchers on the front of the turret for creating defensive smoke screens, or firing chaff or flares. In December 2018, the Army announced it would install an Israeli-made active protection system, the Iron Fist, on M2 Bradleys of one armored brigade to enhance protection of the aging Bradley against anti-tank rockets and missiles. However, the original configuration proved not to be sufficiently effective, delaying installation. Testing in 2022 of a reconfigured version called the Iron Fist Light Decoupled were more successful, and the Army intends to field a brigade set in 2025. Chassis The Bradley has a welded aluminum unit or monocoque structure to which the armor is attached, mostly on the outside. The suspension is by torsion bars and cranks. Six small rubber rimmed, divided road wheels on each side straddle the location flanges sticking up from the tread. These were originally of aluminum, but were changed to steel as vehicle weight increased. The steel treads sit on flat hard rubber tires. Mobility The Bradley is highly capable in cross-country open terrain, in accordance with one of the main design objectives of keeping pace with the M1 Abrams main battle tank. Whereas the M113 would float without much preparation, the Bradley was initially designed to float by deploying a flotation curtain around the vehicle. This caused some drownings due to failures during its first trials. Flotation was no longer possible after armor upgrades. Bradley squad and platoon organization Since 1986, the U.S. Army has believed 9 to be the optimal number of individuals in a mechanized squad. Because of the limited room available for passengers in the Bradley, accommodating a full squad in the Bradley is accomplished by squad splitting. A mechanized platoon consists of soldiers other than the squad members, and those soldiers must also ride in the vehicles. The original Bradley had room for 3 crew members and 6 passengers, called dismounts by the U.S. Army. An original mechanized platoon with four M2 Bradley vehicles included 12 crew and two infantry squads of 9 dismounts. Five other dismounts were also in the platoon and needed to be transported in the platoon’s vehicles: the platoon leader, a radio-telephone operator, a medic, and two forward observers whose role is to call for support fire from artillery and aircraft. Together they filled 35 of the 36 available spaces in the platoon’s four vehicles. In the later M2A2 and M2A3 versions of the Bradley, the Army rearranged the interior stowage and created space for an extra dismount in each vehicle, resulting in spaces for 7 dismounts in each vehicle and a total of 40 soldiers in the four-vehicle platoon. With the extra men, the Army reorganized the Bradley platoon into 3 squads with 9 dismounts each. The Bradley crew of 12 stayed the same, thus there was room in the Bradleys for only one more dismount—the platoon leader. That new configuration did not leave room for the medic, platoon radio-telephone operator, or forward observers. In actual practice, however, units rarely have all the men they are assigned, so there is usually room for those extra soldiers. Even with the extra space in the revised Bradleys, the squads were split among more than one Bradley. A split squad can be difficult to organize and control immediately after dismounting, especially when under fire and in complex terrain. The Army seeks to avoid that difficulty by requiring the GCV to carry the full 9-man squad. A four-vehicle GCV platoon will have room for 12 crew members and 36 dismounts. With three squads fully occupying three GCVs, the fourth GCV will have room for the platoon leader, forward observers, radio-telephone operator, and medic. History Production history The M2, which was named after World War II General Omar Bradley, carries a crew of three and a six-man dismountable infantry squad. The vehicle entered service with the U.S. Army in 1981, and 4,641 M2 variants have been produced since. Even after the troubled development history of the Bradley, additional problems occurred after production started, as later detailed by Air Force Colonel James G. Burton, who took part in the design and fielding process. Burton advocated the use of comprehensive live fire tests against fully loaded military vehicles to check for survivability. The Army and Navy agreed and established the Joint Live Fire testing program in 1984. When testing the Bradley, disagreements occurred between Burton and the Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, which preferred smaller, more controlled, "building block" tests that could be used to improve the databases used to model vehicle survivability, as opposed to full up tests with random shots, which reduce the possibility of bias but produced little useful statistical data. Burton insisted on a series of "overmatch" tests in which weapon systems would be fired at the Bradley that were known to be able to easily penetrate its armor. Burton saw attempts to avoid such tests as dishonest, while the BRL saw them as wasteful as they already knew the vehicle would fail. The disagreements became so contentious that a Congressional inquiry was set up. As a result of the tests, additional improvements to vehicle survivability were added. By May 2000, 4,641 M2s had been produced for the U.S. Army. Saudi Arabia stated an interest in acquiring the Bradley in 1989, and began importing the vehicle in 1990. Bradley production concluded in 1995. A total of 6,785 M2/M3 Bradleys were produced, including 400 for Saudi Arabia. Combat history During the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War, M2 Bradleys destroyed more Iraqi armored vehicles than the M1 Abrams. Twenty Bradleys were lost, three to enemy fire and 17 due to friendly fire incidents. Another 12 were damaged. To remedy some problems that were identified as contributing factors in the friendly fire incidents, infrared identification panels and other marking/identification measures were added to the Bradleys. In the Iraq War from 2003, the Bradley proved somewhat vulnerable to improvised explosive device (IED) and rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) attacks, but casualties were light; the doctrine was to allow the crew to escape at the expense of the vehicle. In early 2006, total combat losses had been between 55 and 100 Bradleys; by the end of the war, about 150 Bradleys had been destroyed. The M2A3 variant began to replace the M3A3 cavalry fighting vehicles in US Army armored reconnaissance units in 2014, as the increased ammunition loads carried by the M3A3s reduced the number of scouts that could be transported. In 2016, a reorganisation of reconnaissance unit structures and compositions saw large-scale replacements of Humvees within these units with M2A3s, increasing the tactical mobility and maneuver warfare capabilities of US Army armored reconnaissance brigades. On 5 January 2023 the Pentagon confirmed that 50 Bradleys were included as part of a $3 billion package of assistance to Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. France had promised to send AMX-10 RC and ACMAT Bastions. Germany also committed to sending the Marder (IFV). The Bradleys were sent because the U.S. had determined that Ukrainian forces were proficient in maintenance and sustainment of such AFVs. Another 59 vehicles were included in another package later that month. Bradleys were first shown to be in Ukrainian service in mid-April 2023. Ukraine first employed M2 Bradleys in combat during the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive beginning in early June 2023. On 8 June, Russian drone footage showed multiple Bradley Fighting Vehicles abandoned in Zaporizhzhia Oblast along with a Leopard 2A6. Several were lost to mines and ATGMs while attempting to breach Russian defensive lines. Ukrainian soldiers lauded the survivability of the Bradley, saying it protected them from hits that would have been lethal if sustained by a Soviet APC, and that many of the vehicles that became disabled from combat damage could be recovered and repaired. Ukraine's deputy defense minister Hanna Maliar stated on Telegram that one M2 Bradley assigned to the 47th Mechanized Brigade had been able to destroy two Russian T-72 tanks in a single engagement. As of 8 October, at least 55 Ukrainian Bradleys had been confirmed to have been heavily damaged by photos or videos. (28 destroyed, 21 damaged, 6 damaged and abandoned by their crews in grey zone). Replacement U.S. Army efforts to replace the Bradley began in the mid-1980s under the Armored Systems Modernization program. The Army studied creating several vehicle variants under a common heavy chassis to replace main battle tanks and Bradleys. This effort was canceled in 1992 due to the collapse of the Soviet Union. The U.S. Army began the Future Combat Systems (FCS) Manned Ground Vehicles program in 1999. This family of 18-ton lightweight tracked vehicles centered around a common chassis. It would consist of eight variants, including infantry carriers, scouting vehicles and main battle tanks. FCS was canceled in 2009 due to budget cuts. In 2010, the Army began the Ground Combat Vehicle program to replace the M2 Bradley. Entries from BAE and General Dynamics were selected for evaluation. Concerns grew around the vehicle's proposed weight of around 70 tons. The GCV program was cancelled in 2014 due to sequestration budget cuts. In June 2018, the Army established the Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) program to replace the M2 Bradley. In October 2018, the program was re-designated as the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV). This program placed much of the cost burden of development on contractors, causing many competitors to drop out. In February 2020, the Army restarted the program, promising to take on more responsibility for funding. American Rheinmetall Vehicles and General Dynamics Land Systems were selected in June 2023 to move forward with the program, with a winner to be selected in 2027 and the XM30 Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle planned to be fielded by 2029. Variants M2 The M2 was the basic production model, first fielded in 1981. The M2 can be identified by its standard TOW missile system, steel laminate armor, and Cummins VT903 engine with HMPT-500 Hydro-mechanical transmission. Basic features included an integrated sight unit for the M242 25 mm gun, and thermal imaging system. The M2 was amphibious with the use of a "swim barrier" or "flotation screen" and was transportable by C-141 Starlifter and C-5 Galaxy aircraft. All M2 vehicles have been upgraded to improved standards. The M2 armor protects the vehicle through a full 360 degrees against 14.5 mm armor-piercing incendiary (API) ammunition. The turret was offset to the right to maximize the room in the passenger compartment. Six infantry soldiers for dismounted fighting were held in the passenger compartment. Vision for the troops was provided through three periscopes placed between the rear ramp and the cargo hatch just behind the turret, as well as two periscopes on each side of the hull above the side firing ports. The passenger compartment held up to five TOW or Dragon missile reloads. The side and rear hull armor consisted of two steel plates one inch apart and away from the aluminum armor. The hull top, bottom, and front consisted of 5083 aluminum armor, and steel armor was added to the front third of the hull bottom to increase mine protection. M3 The M3 Bradley CFV is very similar to the M2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) and is fielded with the same two-man 25mm Bushmaster Cannon turret with the coaxial 7.62mm machine gun. It only varies from the M2 in a few subtle ways and by role. The M3 is classified as an armored reconnaissance and scout vehicle and does away with the firing ports found in the M2 series. The M3 carries more TOW missiles as well as more ammunition for its 25mm and 7.62mm guns. M2A1 Introduced in 1986, the A1 variant included an improved TOW II missile system, a Gas Particulate Filter Units (GPFU) NBC system, and a fire-suppression system. In 1992, the M2A1s had begun being remanufactured to upgraded standards. The GPFU system was only connected to the vehicle commander, driver, and gunner, while the infantry squad had to use their own from MOPP suits. A seventh infantryman was added just behind the center of the turret. M2A2 Introduced in 1988, the A2 received an improved engine with an HMPT-500-3 Hydromechanical transmission. Armor was improved, both passive and the ability to mount explosive reactive armor. The new armor protects the Bradley against 30 mm APDS rounds and RPGs, or similar anti-armor weapons. The new armor eliminated the trim vane that made the Bradley amphibious and covered up the side firing ports. Spaced laminate armor was installed to the hull rear. Spaced laminate track skirts protected the lower hull. A semicircular shield was attached to the turret rear to add more stowage space, as well as act as spaced armor. Kevlar spall liners were added to critical areas. The troop carrying number was reduced to six, eliminating the periscope position behind the driver. After live firing testing, the seating and stowage arrangements were redrawn. These upgrades raised the cumulative gross weight of the vehicle to 30,519 kg (). The M2A2 was qualified to be transported by the C-17 Globemaster III. M2A2s were all eventually modified to the M2A2 ODS or M2A3 standard. M2A2 ODS/ODS-E The "Operation Desert Storm" and "Operation Desert Storm-Engineer" improvements were based on lessons learned during the first Gulf War in 1991. The major improvements included an eye-safe laser rangefinder (ELRF), a tactical navigation system (TACNAV) incorporating the Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver (PLGR) and the Digital Compass Systems (DCS), a missile countermeasure device designed to defeat first-generation wire-guided missiles, and the Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2) Battlefield Command Information System. The internal stowage was further improved and a thermal imaging system was added for the driver. The infantry squad was again increased to seven men, six of whom sat facing each other on two 3-man benches in the passenger compartment, with the seventh back in the position behind the turret. An MRE ('Meal, Ready-to-Eat') heater was added to the vehicle to assist in the preparation of food. With the retirement of the Dragon missile, the vehicle had the option of carrying Javelin anti-tank missiles. M2A3 Introduced in 2000, the A3 upgrades make the Bradley IFV totally digital, with upgraded or improved existing electronics systems throughout, improving target acquisition and fire control, navigation, and situational awareness. The survivability of the vehicle was upgraded with a series of armor improvements, again both passive and reactive, as well as improved fire-suppression systems and NBC equipment. The A3 Bradley incorporates the Improved Bradley Acquisition Subsystem (IBAS) and the Commander's Independent Viewer (CIV). Both include a second-generation forward looking infrared (FLIR) and an electro-optical/TV imaging system. The IBAS has direct-view optics (DVO) and the eye-safe laser rangefinder (ELRF). The CIV allows the commander to scan for targets and maintain situational awareness while remaining under armor, and without interfering with the gunner's acquisition and engagement of targets. The A3's fire control software (FCSW) combines laser range, environmental readings, ammunition type, and turret control inputs to automatically elevate the gun for range and to automatically generate a kinematic lead solution if a target is moving. This functionality, very similar to that of the M1A2 Abrams, allows the gunner or commander to center the reticule on a moving target, lase the target, and achieve a first-round-hit, without the need to fire sensing rounds and adjust aim. The FCSW incorporates a thermal aided target tracker (ATT) function that can track two targets in the FLIR field of view and switch between them, primarily intended for employing TOW missiles against moving vehicles. The FCSW allows the turret and gunner's sights to be slewed automatically onto a target that has been designated with the CIV. The A3 Bradley uses a position-navigation subsystem that incorporates a global positioning system (GPS), an inertial navigation unit (INU), and a vehicle motion sensor (MVS), which, in addition to allowing accurate own-vehicle navigation, allows accurate position reporting and the ability to hand-off designated targets to other units via FBCB2. The Commander's Tactical Display (CTD) presents information from the FBCB2 and the vehicle navigation systems on a moving-map display. This allows the commander to communicate via text over FBCB2, and allows him to check vehicle built-in test (BIT) information and access various other information. The Squad Leader's Display (SLD) in the infantry compartment improves the situational awareness of the passengers by allowing them to view navigational information from the FBCB2 and imagery from the IBAS, CIV, or Driver's Vision Enhancer (DVE) to familiarize themselves with their surroundings prior to dismounting. The M2A3 Bradley II, and an M2A3 Bradley variant used in Iraq, were included in the GCV Analysis of Alternatives. M2A4 After the Iraq War, the army began researching engineering change proposals (ECPs) for the M2 Bradley to restore space, weight, power, and cooling capacity reduced by the addition of armor and electronics hastily added during combat. ECP1 will work to restore mobility and allow the vehicle to handle more weight. As weight increased, the Bradley got lower on its suspension, which reduced ground clearance. This decreased mobility on rough terrain and left it more vulnerable to IEDs. The effort will install lighter tracks, shock absorbers, a new suspension support system, and heavy weight torsion bars. ECP2 will restore automotive power with a larger engine, a new transmission, and a smart-power management system for better electrical power distribution to accept future networked tactical radio and battle command systems. The first Bradleys upgraded with ECP1 were fielded in mid-2015, and the first to be upgraded with ECP2 will begin fielding in 2018. Vehicles that receive both the ECP1 and ECP2 upgrade will be designated A4. In June 2018, BAE Systems Land and Armaments was awarded a contract to produce up to 164 M2A4 and M7A4 Bradley Fighting Vehicles using existing M2A3, M7A3 and M2A2 ODS-SA Bradleys. The M2A4 is equipped with an enhanced drivetrain, a more powerful engine, new digitized electronics, a new fire suppression system, and a new IED jammer. The first M2A4 models were fielded in April 2022. Mission Enabler Technologies-Demonstrator The MET-D is an experimental variant of the M2 Bradley which prototypes the use of surrogate robotic combat vehicles (RCVs) that are operated by the crew of the MET-D. It is equipped with a remote turret for the main 25mm chain gun, 360-degree situational awareness cameras and enhanced crew stations with touchscreens. Other uses of the Bradley chassis The Bradley series has been widely modified. Its chassis is the basis for the M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System, the M4 C2V battlefield command post, and the M6 Bradley Linebacker air defense vehicle. Armed with a quad Stinger surface-to-air missile launcher in place of the TOW anti-tank missiles, but maintaining the 25 mm autocannon, the M6 Bradley Linebacker Air Defense Vehicle (no longer in service) possessed a unique role in the U.S. Army, providing highly mobile air defense at the front line. The Bradley's suspension system has been used on upgraded versions of the U.S. Marines' Assault Amphibious Vehicle. Table of variants Operators : 32 M2A2 : 400 - 186 M2A2 ODS SA Bradleys were delivered from April 2023 onwards. According to the Oryx blog, as of 5 October 2023, 29 had been destroyed, 21 damaged and 6 damaged and abandoned. : 6,230 total, 1420 M2 Bradleys in operation with the US Army as of August 2023 Future operators : 89 units in M2A2 ODS variant costing $196.4 million Potential operators () See also Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle – Bradley-based APC BMP Development – contemporary Soviet project BTR-4- Ukrainian army wheeled IFV Ground Combat Vehicle – U.S. Army IFV canceled in 2014 M1126 Infantry Carrier Vehicle – US Army Stryker infantry carrier vehicle M242 Bushmaster Mechanized infantry MICV-65 – US Army project leading to development of the M2 Bradley Warrior tracked armoured vehicle – contemporary British IFV The Pentagon Wars – film loosely based on Burton's account of the Bradley's development. Due to embellishment by the author, it is not a credible source, purely a comedy film. References Sources External links U.S. Army fact file on M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle M2 Bradley - Armoured Vehicles Bradley Fighting Vehicle Systems Upgrade to A3 M2A3 and M3A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle Systems (BFVS) at the FAS Military Analysis Network Amphibious infantry fighting vehicles Cold War armored fighting vehicles of the United States Infantry fighting vehicles of the Cold War Infantry fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period Infantry fighting vehicles of the United States Tracked infantry fighting vehicles Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s United Defense
Alexandre Zurawski (born 1 April 1998), known as Alexandre Alemão or just Alemão, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Oviedo References External links 1998 births Living people Brazilian people of Polish descent Brazilian men's footballers Men's association football forwards Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Clube Atlético Metropolitano players Kyoto Sanga FC players Criciúma Esporte Clube players Avaí FC players Grêmio Esportivo Juventus players Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo players Sport Club Internacional players Real Oviedo players Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
The Ven John Woolhouse , Archdeacon of Tuam died during 1662. Notes Archdeacons of Tuam 1662 deaths Place of birth missing
Amine Amamou is a Moroccan footballer. He usually plays as forward. Amamou is currently attached to Kawkab Marrakech. References 1987 births Living people Moroccan men's footballers Footballers from Marrakesh KAC Marrakech players Botola players Men's association football forwards
HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën was a of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Laid down in 1939, construction was interrupted by World War II and the ship was only commissioned in 1953 with the identification number C802. She served until 1976 when she was purchased by Peru and renamed Aguirre. With the Peruvian Navy she served until 1999 and was scrapped in 2000. Design De Zeven Provinciën was armed with eight guns in double turrets, 8 × 57 mm in twin turrets and 8 × 40 mm machine guns. The rear turrets were replaced in 1962 with a RIM-2 Terrier SAM system. She was long, had a beam of and a draft of . She displaced 12,250 t and could achieve a speed of . She had a crew of 957. During her service with the Peruvian Navy she was converted to a helicopter cruiser. To do this the remaining turrets at the back of the ship were removed to make space for a hangar and a flight deck big enough to support 4 helicopters. History Construction started in 1939 as Kijkduin, but was interrupted by World War II. She was renamed Eendracht in 1940 and De Ruyter in 1945. Her sister ship was launched in 1944 as De Zeven Provinciën, but the ships swapped to their final names in 1950. She was completed in 1953 and served the Royal Netherlands Navy from 1950 to 1975. She was sold to Peru in August 1976 and was renamed on 24 February 1978. Notes References De Zeven Provinciën-class cruisers Ships built in Rotterdam 1941 ships Cold War cruisers of the Netherlands Naval ships of the Netherlands captured by Germany during World War II Maritime incidents in 1958
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Philarachnis is a genus of moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It contains the species Philarachnis xerophaga, which is found in India and Sri Lanka. The wingspan is 11–12 mm. The forewings are ochreous-whitish or pale whitish ochreous, sometimes finely sprinkled with fuscous. There is a slender fulvous-ochreous streak along the costa throughout, sometimes suffused with dark fuscous towards the base. An oblique dark fuscous streak is found from the dorsum near the base, reaching nearly to the costa. The first discal stigma is moderate and blackish, the plical very small and dark fuscous, slightly beyond it. There is a somewhat inwards-curved dark fuscous streak from beneath three-fourths of the costa to four-fifths of the dorsum. There is a submarginal series of partially confluent blackish dots around the posterior fourth of the costa and termen, followed by a suffused white line, and preceded in the apical angle by a spot of dark fuscous suffusion. The hindwings are light grey. Larvae have been found in the nests of Stegodyphus spiders and probably feed on the fragments of the insects caught in the webs. The larvae are dark red. Pupation also takes place in the spiders nest. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Lecithoceridae Monotypic moth genera Moths of Asia
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1717 to Wales and its people. Incumbents Lord Lieutenant of North Wales (Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire) – Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – vacant until 1729 Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire and Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – John Morgan (of Rhiwpera) Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – John Vaughan, 1st Viscount Lisburne Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – vacant until 1755 Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir Arthur Owen, 3rd Baronet Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – Thomas Coningsby, 1st Earl Coningsby Bishop of Bangor – Benjamin Hoadly Bishop of Llandaff – John Tyler Bishop of St Asaph – John Wynne Bishop of St Davids – Adam Ottley Events 31 March - In the presence of King George I of Great Britain, Benjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Bangor, gives a sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ", beginning the Bangorian Controversy. 19 September - Japanning of tinplate begins at Pontypool. date unknown The Lower Swansea valley's first copper smelting works is opened by John Lane and John Pollard (possibly his step father-in-law) at Llangyfelach, Landore. Welsh-born David Lloyd is appointed Chief Justice of the supreme court of Pennsylvania. Arts and literature New books English language James Davies – Particular Thoughts on Religion Benjamin Hoadly – The Nature of the Kingdom, or Church of Christ Welsh language Meddylieu Neillduol ar Grefydd Moses Williams – (first-ever catalogue of Welsh printed books) Births 11 February - William Williams (Pantycelyn), poet, hymn-writer and religious leader (died 1791) 13 November - Prince George William, first child born to the new Prince and Princess of Wales, George and Caroline, since their arrival in Britain (died 1718) Deaths 20 May - John Trevor, politician, 80? 3 June - Thomas Watson, former Bishop of St David's, 80 30 August - William Lloyd, former Bishop of St Asaph, 90 date unknown - William Robinson, MP, about 50 See also 1717 in Scotland References 1710s in Wales Years of the 18th century in Wales 1717 in Europe 1717 by country
August Marić (25 March 1885 – 17 November 1957) was a Yugoslav soldier who later served as senior member of the armed forces of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. In the 1941 April War he commanded a division of the Royal Yugoslav Army. He was the first chief-of-staff of the Croatian Home Guard when it was created in May 1941, but was removed from his post and retired that September, probably because the Ustaše leadership did not trust him. He was succeeded as chief-of-staff by Vladimir Laxa. Together with minister Mladen Lorković, Marić signed the treaty establishing the border between the Independent State of Croatia and the German Reich. He is buried in Mirogoj cemetery. Notes References 1885 births 1957 deaths Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I Royal Yugoslav Army personnel Croatian people of World War II Croatian Home Guard personnel Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
Près de toi ("Next To You") is French pop singer Lorie's triple-platinum debut album. It was released on October 30, 2001. On April 29, 2002, a special limited edition of the album was released with new packaging and extra tracks. Starting from September 20, 2004, the original album was sold jointly with the singer's second album, Tendrement. Versions A deluxe version of "Près de toi" was released with two new bonus tracks: "By My Side", an adaptation of "Près de moi", "Ton Sourire" ("Your Smile"), and remixes of the original songs. Moreover, this version included a special booklet with lyrics and photos. The album was also out in a new version in Japan mainly because Lorie was appearing in a commercial for Évian and she had to promote the product so the album was released there with a new cover and a special French/Japanese booklet that included all the songs' lyrics in the two languages. Also, new songs were added: "Dans nos rêves" ("In Our Dreams") which was used in the Évian advertisement, "Forget Me Not", another adaptation of "Près de moi" and "My World", an adaptation of "Toute Seule". In addition, the album is also available on radio cassette. Track listings Standard edition "Intro" – 0:19 "Près de moi" – 3:43 "Je serai (ta meilleure amie)" – 3:28 "Toute seule" – 3:31 "I Love You" – 4:03 "Ne me dis rien" – 4:08 "L'homme de ma vie" – 3:25 "Tout pour toi" – 3:32 "Entre vous deux" – 3:46 "Je manque de toi" – 3:47 "Se donner la main" – 4:11 Limited edition "Intro" – 0:19 "Près de moi" – 3:43 "Je serai (ta meilleure amie)" – 3:28 "Toute seule" – 3:31 "I Love You" – 4:03 "Ne me dis rien" – 4:08 "L'homme de ma vie" – 3:25 "Tout pour toi" – 3:32 "Entre vous deux" – 3:46 "Je manque de toi" – 3:47 "Se donner la main" – 4:11 "By my side" – 3:43 "I Love You (sunny remix)" – 3:41 "Près de moi (cutty remix)" – 4:24 "Près de moi (groovy club mix)" – 4:55 "Toute seule (tam tam remix)" – 3:36 "Je serai (ta meilleure amie) (friendly remix)" – 4:21 "Ton sourire" – 3:45 Japanese edition Dans nos rêves (3:12) Intro (0:20) Près de moi (3:42) Je serai (ta meilleure amie) (3:28) Toute seule (3:28) I Love You (4:05) Ne me dis rien (4:07) L'homme de ma vie (3:27) Tout pour toi (3:42) Entre vous deux (3:45) Je manque de toi (3:52) Se donner la main (4:23) Forget me not (3:44) My world (3:30) Certifications Charts References Lorie (singer) albums 2001 debut albums Sony Music France albums
Seth Muenfuh Sincere (born 28 April 1998) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a right back for Lithuanian club FK Kauno Žalgiris. Professional career Sincere joined Yeni Malatyaspor after 4 years in the Rhapsody Academy in Nigeria. Sincere made his professional debut for Yeni Malatyaspor in a 3–1 Süper Lig loss to Fenerbahçe on 15 October 2017. International career He has represented Nigeria at the 2015 African Games, 2015 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations and the 2016 Summer Olympics. Honours Nigeria U23 Olympic Bronze Medal: 2016 References External links Yeni Malatyaspor Profile Living people 1998 births Sportspeople from Abuja Nigerian men's footballers Olympic footballers for Nigeria Yeni Malatyaspor footballers Boluspor footballers Süper Lig players FK Kauno Žalgiris players A Lyga players Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic bronze medalists for Nigeria Olympic medalists in football African Games bronze medalists for Nigeria African Games medalists in football Men's association football defenders Nigerian expatriate men's footballers Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Lithuania Expatriate men's footballers in Lithuania Competitors at the 2015 African Games
Felicie Hüni-Mihacsek (3 April 1891, Pécs – 26 March 1976, Munich) was a Hungarian operatic soprano, largely based in Germany and one of the greatest Mozart singers of the inter-war period. She studied in Vienna with Rose Papier, and began her career at the Hamburg State Opera in 1916. She made her debut at the Vienna State Opera in 1919, where she took part in the creation of Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten. She remained in Vienna until 1925, and then joined the Munich State Opera in 1926, where she remained until 1945. She also appeared at the Salzburg Festival, in Mozart roles such as Konstanze, Countess Almaviva, Donna Anna, Fiordiligi, both Pamina and the Queen of the Night. She made guest appearances in Frankfurt, Dresden, Zurich, London, Prague, and Budapest, and she created Pfitzner's Das Herz, in Munich in 1931, other notable operatic roles included Eva and Die Marschallin. After 1945, she appeared mostly in concert and began teaching. Her farewell performance was in Munich, as the Marschallin in 1953. Throughout her career, she was much admired for her vocal beauty and elegance, and impeccable technique. She was married to Swiss industrialist Albert Hüni. Sources Operissimo.com 1891 births 1976 deaths Hungarian operatic sopranos 20th-century Hungarian women opera singers People from Pécs Singers from Munich Hungarian expatriates in Germany
was an online visual novel developed and published by PST Team, a small indie developer based in Indonesia. Sentou Gakuen has undergone two pre-testings: October 16 and 24, 2011 and an Open Beta on December 29, 2011. The game was released on January 1, 2012 as a web browser game and was described by the development team as the first to combine both Visual novel and MMORPG aspects to a game. Due to abandonment by both the lead developer (disappeared without a word) and a second "developer" allegedly "running off with the funds for the Steam game version", the game is considered closed. Gameplay The gameplay of Sentou Gakuen, is made up of text dialogues. The text displayed on the screen depicts conversations between different characters and/or the thoughts of those characters. The "Story Mode" of the game is illustrated in a Visual Novel style. As an option, players are allowed to opt out of the dialogue between characters. Once the story is finished, players may continue the game, thus leaving it open ended. Just like other MMORPG-type games, each character has their own statistics. To increase their statistics, players must take lessons and attend classes; if the player wishes to increase their strength, they attend physical education classes. Other statistics such as energy are required for training. Willpower determines the efficiency of player actions. Action points are used to perform actions. Experience represents the progress required till the player-character levels up. Health is a finite value used to determine how much damage, usually in terms of physical injury, the player can withstand. In Sentou Gakuen, the players can equip themselves with various weapons, such as a pencil or a ruler. For extra money, a player can take a part-time job. Club Students who share a similar goal, vision, or interest are allowed to form their own club. Clubs are organizations formed by the students themselves, each with its own facilities, president, and vice president. Clubs also have the ability to organize club activities, which require participation from their members. Joining a club is an important task in order to survive on Sentou Gakuen. Dating System It is possible to have a relationship with another student. Being in a relationship will bring players to a new menu located in the Personal Area, called the Couples menu, where there will be special actions that can be done once per day. In order to be a couple with another student, players need to put a Love Letter into the target's Shoe Locker Box. If the target accepts the confession, they become a couple. If the target rejects the confession, nothing happens. On Sentou Gakuen there are certain NPCs who the player may date. In order to do this, players need to win their Affection Points. Each NPC has a different way to earn the points; some examples are: maxing out certain statistics, giving presents, etc. There are hints on Story Mode about how to earn Affection Points for each NPC. Every week, NPCs will re-select from the Sentou Gakuen database of players and sort based on their Affection Points. NPCs will then write a love letter to the players that have the highest Affection Points for them. However, it is up to the players whether to accept their confessions or not. If the target player accepts, they will both be in a relationship. If the player rejects, the NPCs will stay single for the week and re-select again from the database the following week. Thus, maintaining a relationship with a NPC is hard and would need a lot of effort to keep the Affection Points high. Story Sentou Gakuen primarily takes place in a fictional school called Sentou High School, which is located in Tokyo. Physical locales of Tokyo such as Shibuya Scramble Crossing, and Wako Shop at Ginza can be spotted in the game. When the story begins, the player assumes the role of a new freshman student at Sentou High School where they will meet new friends and several of their childhood friends as their journey begins. Characters Kiyomizu Ichirou (清水一郎) Ichirou is a bespectacled male student with a very keen interest in all things 2-dimensional. He makes his infatuation in female anime characters clear to others around him, and does not mind being a social outcast for his preferences. He enjoys exploring the unknown even though he knows it will get him into various mishaps. Kojima Takayuki (小島隆行) Takayuki has the appearance of an ordinary student; gets average grades in school and does not stand out amongst his peers. Being a typical generic student would be true for him, but the fact that he is a gifted cook and secretly acts as Sentou Gakuen's head cafeteria chef on occasion, voids such a label. Takeuchi Iwao (竹内巌) Iwao is a pretty-boy who often attracts the attention of many girls alike, that is, until he decides to open his mouth. He is fairly conceited and believes good things will come to him without him having to do doing anything, which often causes disgust by other people. He has very high goals but wants to reach them as easily as possible, with little to no effort on his part. Matsumoto Fumiko (松本文子) Fumiko, the first-year-class representative, is a girl who follows the straight and narrow path. Although she does not show this attribute on the outside, she cares for the well-being of other students. Many people underestimate her athletic ability because of her work ethic in school, which makes her seem like a person whose only interest is studying. However, in hostile situations, she will fully display her expertise in martial arts. She is serious about maintaining stability in Sentou Gakuen and seeks to rid the school of all possible misdemeanors. Sasaki Yukiko (佐々木由希子) Yukiko is a typical schoolgirl; she is loud, talkative and speaks her mind just because she feels it is what people should always do, as a natural extrovert. Working in various odd-jobs and having conversations with people abroad had turned her into a very sociable person. She always believes enough is never enough and in working as hard as one should to secure a decent future. Fujita Eiko (藤田栄子) Kiyomizu Miharu(清水美春) RA Widya Wulandari References External links Sentou Gakuen at VNDB Official Sentou Gakuen website Sentou Gakuen Library Browser games High school-themed video games Visual novels Massively multiplayer online games Massively multiplayer online role-playing games 2012 video games Video games developed in Indonesia Video games set in Japan
Bua Macuata West Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity). Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It was located in the western part of the northern island of Vanua Levu. The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate. Election results In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting). 1999 2001 2006 Sources Psephos – Adam Carr's electoral archive Fiji Facts
The Goyt Way is a walking route from Etherow Country Park, Greater Manchester, to Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire, following the valley of the River Goyt. It is part of the longer Midshires Way, which in turn is part of the E2 European long-distance path. The path is waymarked, and intersects with the Cheshire Ring Canal Walk and the Peak District Boundary Walk. It passes through the following settlements: Compstall, Marple, Strines, Brookbottom, Hague Bar, New Mills and Furness Vale. In its latter stages, it follows the towpath of the Peak Forest Canal to its terminus at Whaley Bridge. See also Recreational walks in Cheshire Recreational walks in Derbyshire References Footpaths in Derbyshire Footpaths in Greater Manchester Long-distance footpaths in England New Mills Marple, Greater Manchester
Stanisław Trepczyński (7 April 1924 – 20 June 2002) was a Polish diplomat, who served as the 27th president of the United Nations General Assembly from 1972 to 1973. Early life and education Trepczyński was born in Łódź, Poland, on 7 April 1924. His father was a lawyer. He was a graduate of Lodz University and received a master's degree in economics. Career Trepczyński joined the Lodz Committee of the Polish Workers Party (later the Polish United Worker's Party) in 1946. In 1951, he became the secretary of the Polish peace committee. He was appointed deputy minister of foreign affairs in 1971. From 1972 to 1973 he served as the 27th president of the United Nations General Assembly. Personal life Trepczyński married twice and had three sons. References External links 20th-century Polish politicians 1924 births 2002 deaths Diplomats from Łódź People from Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939) University of Łódź alumni Polish Workers' Party politicians Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery
The Women's 100m T13 had its competition held on September 16, with the first round at 9:15 and the Final at 18:18. Medalists Results References Round 1 - Heat 1 Round 1 - Heat 2 Round 1 - Heat 3 Final Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics 2008 in women's athletics
Princess Anne Glacier () is a glacier in the Queen Elizabeth Range, flowing from the area south of Mount Bonaparte between Cotton and Bartrum Plateaus into Marsh Glacier. Named by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1961–62) for Anne, Princess Royal, daughter of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Glaciers of Oates Land
The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit is a cathedral and parish church of the Catholic Church located in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Bismarck. Since 1980 the cathedral and the nearby Bishop's Residence have been contributing properties in the Bismarck Cathedral Area Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. History The cathedral was the dream of the first bishop of Bismarck, Vincent Wehrle, O.S.B., who had a special devotion to the Holy Spirit and wanted the church to also serve as a shrine to the Holy Spirit. He brought the property in 1917 and hired Milwaukee architect Anton Dohman in 1921 to design the cathedral. He provided two different designs; the first was similar to the church at Assumption Abbey in Richardton, North Dakota. The Great Depression prevented the construction of the cathedral until 1941. Bismarck's second bishop, Vincent Ryan, hired Fargo architect William F. Kurke, who had helped design the North Dakota Capitol building, to design the new cathedral. His design was similar to Dohman's second design. The groundbreaking for the Art Deco style building was begun in September 1941. The building is composed of monolithic concrete, and is believed to be the only Art Deco-style cathedral in the United States. The church opened in August 1945, but its interior decoration and some of its furnishings were added in later years. A renovation from 1992 to 1993 added a gathering space, which reflects the cathedral's Art Deco style. The cathedral's tall bell tower is a local landmark that is visible from a distance. Attendant buildings In addition to the cathedral, Kurke also designed the nearby Bishop's Residence. The two-story, concrete, Art Deco structure was built at the same time as the cathedral. The grade school was completed in 1951. The two-story building features a flat roof, precast concrete panels, and two horizontal window bands that run about two-thirds of the width of the facade. A school building between the cathedral and the residence was originally part of Kurke's plan, but the long and low building features a more contemporary style that differs from the original plans. The two-story brick convent was completed in 1965, and the two-story rectory in 1969. The rectory's exterior is composed of brick on the first floor and vertical siding on the second floor. The convent now houses the Center for Pastoral Ministry of the Diocese of Bismarck. See also List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States List of cathedrals in the United States References External links Official Cathedral Site Diocese of Bismarck Official Site Holy Spirit Bismarck Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck Roman Catholic churches completed in 1945 Tourist attractions in Bismarck, North Dakota National Register of Historic Places in Bismarck, North Dakota Historic district contributing properties in North Dakota Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in North Dakota 20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States Art Deco architecture in North Dakota
The 2017 Summit League men's basketball tournament was the post-season men's basketball tournament for the Summit League. The tournament was held from March 4–7, 2017 at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The winners of the tournament, South Dakota State, received an automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA tournament with a 79–77 win over Omaha in the finals. This was South Dakota State's fourth championship in six years. Seeds The top 8 teams in the final standings qualified for the tournament. Teams were seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Schedule Bracket * denotes overtime period References Summit League men's basketball tournament 2016–17 Summit League men's basketball season The Summit League men's basketball tournament Basketball competitions in Sioux Falls, South Dakota College basketball tournaments in South Dakota
WUPG (formerly WUPZ) (96.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Republic, Michigan. The station is currently owned by Armada Media Corporation, through licensee AMC Partners Escanaba, LLC, and was granted its license on April 17, 2008. The station signed on in July 2008 with a Variety Hits format. On March 4, 2014, changed formats to Classic Country branded as "Yooper Country 96.7". In 2017, the station changed their brand to "The Maverick", using the same brand as sister stations WTIQ and WGMV. Part if the UP's Radio Results Network. Sources Michiguide.com - WUPG History External links Maverick 96 Facebook UPG
The BMW M12/13 turbo was a 1499.8 cc 4-cylinder turbocharged Formula One engine, based on the standard BMW M10 engine introduced in 1961, and powered the F1 cars of Brabham, Arrows and Benetton. Nelson Piquet won the FIA Formula One Drivers' Championship in 1983 driving a Brabham powered by the BMW M12/13 turbo. It was the first Drivers' Championship to be won using a turbocharged engine. The engine also powered the BMW GTP and in the 2.0-litre naturally-aspirated form, the successful March Engineering Formula Two cars. BMW engineers estimated the engine produced around 1,400 hp at maximum boost, however the BMW engine dynamometer could not go beyond 1,280 bhp. History Formula 2 As BMW M12/7, the engine design since the 1960s became one of the most successful engines in racing. Starting with the European Touring Car Championship, it was also used in Formula 2, expanded to two-litre and fitted with four-valve heads, producing over . In the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft, a 1400 cc variant (with a 1.4 handicap factor equal to 2000cc) was turbocharged by Paul Rosche according to FIA Group 5 rules. At well over from the beginning, it rendered the normally aspirated engines in the two-litre category useless. After some development, power, driveability, and reliability improved, especially in the IMSA car, and BMW began to think about entering F1, where a handicap factor of 2.0 required 1500 cc engines. Formula One During the season, the Brabham team, then owned by future F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone, used both the older Cosworth DFV V8 engine as well as the turbocharged BMW M12 in selected races in a development program. The BMW proved to be fast in its first year in Formula One, though its reliability with turbocharging still in its infancy was lacking. Reigning World Champion Nelson Piquet recorded the first win for the engine in F1 when he led home Brabham teammate Riccardo Patrese (in the Cosworth-powered car) at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix. In , Brazilian driver Piquet won his second Formula One World Championship driving a Brabham BT52 powered exclusively by the M12, which by that year was producing approximately in qualifying trim and for the races. Piquet, who won the Brazilian, Italian and European Grands Prix that year, won the championship by just two points ahead of Renault's Alain Prost (Renault had pioneered turbocharging in F1 in , but would be destined never to win the World Championship in the original turbo era (1977-1988)). Piquet was the first driver to win a World Championship in a turbo-powered car. The main advantage of the inline-4 M12 over its V6 Ferrari and Renault opposition was that, with one fewer turbo, two fewer cylinders, and eight fewer valves, the BMW engine had lower frictional losses and, therefore, produced less waste heat. This allowed Brahbam's lead designer Gordon Murray the luxury of designing the BT52 with smaller radiators, which meant better aerodynamic efficiency and thus better straight-line speed. The BT52 was notable for its very skinny, short sidepods especially compared to the Renault, giving it better penetration through the air on circuits with long straights. and , by contrast, were lean years for the M12. The engine was generally regarded as the most powerful in F1 at the time, producing approximately in qualifying trim by 1985, and Piquet took nine pole positions in 1984 alone. However, the engine's mechanical reliability and durability under full workload suffered severely, with engine blow-ups and turbo failures becoming common occurrences. Furthermore, with FISA imposing a maximum fuel limit of 220 litres per race (refuelling was allowed in 1982 and 1983), the 4-cylinder BMW suffered from high fuel consumption which often led to drivers running out of fuel and continued to suffer from poor reliability. Consequently, Piquet scored only three wins - the 1984 Canadian and Detroit races, and the 1985 French Grand Prix. These proved to be Brabham's final wins in Formula 1. For , the M12 was upgraded into the M12/13/1. (Bore 89.2 mm X Stroke 60 mm) 374.95 cc and 350 PS per cylinder 933.46 PS/litre This version was claimed to have produced a maximum output of @ 11,000 rpm, and about of torque in qualifying trim, which would make it the most powerful engine ever to race in Formula 1, turbocharged or otherwise. At the time, there was no way to accurately measure horsepower figures over 1,000, and so claimed output figures were generally accepted from the engineers' theoretical calculations; for example, 0.1 bar of turbo boost was rated to be worth approximately ). During the 1986 Italian Grand Prix at Monza, Gerhard Berger's BMW-powered Benetton B186 recorded the highest straight line speed by a turbocharged Formula One car when he was timed at . In fact, the top five cars through the speed trap at Monza (Berger and teammate Teo Fabi, Brabham's Derek Warwick and Riccardo Patrese, and the Arrows of Thierry Boutsen) were all powered by the BMW M12. Brabham tilted the upgraded engine sideways by 72° for use in the extremely low BT55, but the concept proved unsuccessful, most likely due to cooling issues in the tight compartment. Instead, Benetton with the more conventional B186 were the leading BMW users in 1986, with Gerhard Berger scoring his and the team's first (and the BMW engine's last) win at the Mexican Grand Prix. BMW announced their withdrawal from F1 at the end of 1986, but that they would continue to honour their contract and supply, Brabham, with their tilted M12s for 1987. Arrows team boss Jackie Oliver, with support from the team's primary sponsor USF&G, brokered a deal to continue the use of the upright BMW engines under the name of its subsidiary Megatron, Inc., founded by long-time F1 aficionado John J. Schmidt. The engines were serviced from Switzerland by Arrows' long time engine guru Heini Mader, a former mechanic of Jo Siffert. Megatron Rebadged as Megatron, the BMW engines were used by the Arrows team for the and seasons, as well as Ligier in 1987. By 1988, Arrows were one of only six teams still running turbocharged engines, and the Megatrons were the oldest turbo engine still in use in Formula One, Ferrari having introduced a brand-new turbo engine the previous year. The Megatron programme ended after 1988 as a result of rule changes that banned turbocharged engines from 1989 onwards, with Eddie Cheever scoring the old BMW engine's last podium finish with third place in the 1988 Italian Grand Prix at Monza. This race was also significant as it marked the first time Heini Mader had solved the problems caused by the FIA's boost limit valve, which limited turbo boost pressure to 4.0 bar in 1987 and 2.5 bar in 1988. By moving the valve closer to the engine, the problem of the turbo not delivering enough boost had been solved, and the Arrows A10B was among the fastest cars on the long Monza straights, faster even than the all-conquering McLaren-Hondas into which designer Steve Nichols had effectively incorporated elements of Gordon Murray's low-line Brabham design as well as featuring a more powerful V6 engine. With turbos banned from the season, the Arrows team reverted to using , naturally aspirated Ford DFR V8 power plants. The M12's major shortcoming as a Formula One engine was its lack of throttle response due to turbo lag. Unlike the V6 and V8 turbocharged engines which ran with twin turbos (one for each bank of cylinders), the inline-4 BMW engine, like the other 4 cylinder turbo engines used in F1 such as the Hart 415T and the Zakspeed 1500/4, only used a single turbocharger. The twin-turbo setups of the "V" engines eliminated much of the turbo lag. However, with only a single turbo, the BMW M12 suffered from approximately 2 seconds of turbo lag, meaning drivers often had to start accelerating through the apex of a corner. The power from the turbo was described by many (including Piquet and Berger) as coming on like a light switch which often induced sudden oversteer. Consequently, the BMW was usually seen at its most competitive at power circuits such as Kyalami, Imola, Paul Ricard, Silverstone, Hockenheim, the Österreichring and Monza. On tighter tracks such as street circuits like Monaco and Detroit which required greater acceleration and less top speed, the BMW-powered cars often lagged behind their major rivals. Formula One record World Championships: 1 (Nelson Piquet in a Brabham in ) Wins: 9 (Piquet 7, Riccardo Patrese 1, Gerhard Berger 1) Pole Positions: 15 (Piquet 12, Teo Fabi 2, Patrese 1) Fastest Laps: 14 (Piquet 9, Patrese 2, Berger 2, Fabi 1) Complete Formula One Championship results (key) (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap) * Ineligible for points. References External links http://www.gurneyflap.com/bmwturbof1engine.html http://grandprix.com/gpe/eng-megat.html http://www.imca-slotracing.com/2008-XMAS3.htm http://www.statsf1.com/en/moteur-bmw.aspx M12 Megatron Formula One engines Straight-four engines
Feminist genealogies in the spanish art 1960-2010, in Spanish, Genealogías feministas en el arte español: 1960-2010 was an exhibition held from 24 June 2012 to 24 February 2013 at the Contemporary Art Museum of Castilla y León (Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León - MUSAC), in León, Spain. It was developed by Patricia Mayayo and Juan Vicente Aliaga, who are curators and academic university teachers and researchers, and showcased over 150 works by 80 artists. The exhibition originated from extended research, ended in a publication with the same title, in which the leading specialists in the field collaborated, such as Rocio de la Villa, Isabel Tejeda, Beatriz Preciado, Noemí de Haro, among others. Exhibition The exhibition Genealogías feministas, as well as the publication, are a unique research in the artistic Spanish field. Both the exhibition and the book are a platform that deal with the main themes of feminism. The history from the 1960s until 2010. The main art historians contribute with their texts, to give them the support in history. It covers from those artists working under Franco's dictatorship, how their work survived under such repression, another recurrent subject was the identity, gender, the role the women in the XX century, until the feminist revolution. Throughout the duration of the exhibition, talks, seminars, conferences about the subject were programmed. As a complement to the exhibition, two seminars were held at the Reina Sofía Museum in Madrid, followed by another one at the MUSAC in León in February 2013. Publication The book with the same title, was edited by the same authors of the exhibition, Mayayo and Aliaga. The content of the book is a teoric and graphic research with a variety of texts on feminism. It is not only a catalogue of the exhibition, but a publication with essays from relevant feminists. The book was organised in two parts. Part 1 -Stories - Imaging new genealogies by Patricia Mayayo - What the works oozes by Juan Vicente Aliaga - Feminism in exhibition discourses and museographic stories in Spain by Olga Fernández López Part II- Routes - Women artists and images of female oppression in critical realism by Noemí de Haro García - Spanish artists under Franco dictatorship by Isabel Tejeda - Feminism and art in Catalonia in the 1960s and 1970s by Assumpta Bassas Vila - Around the nineties generation by Rocío de la Villa - Occupy sex. Notes from the revolution feministapornopunk by Beatriz Preciado Participants in the exhibition The participants covered a wide spectrum in terms of ages and artistic languages, but mainly involved artists, both male and female, who, through their commitment, have contributed to building a feminist language that fights to reduce gender inequality. Some participating artists also represented individual sexual orientation and gender diversity. Works by the main artists on the Spanish art scene were shown throughout the entire museum, from one end of the building to the other, and ranging from the realism of the 60s to conceptual art and all the way up to movements in the XXI century. Participants included Esther Ferrer, Carmen Calvo, Paz Muro, Carlos Pazos, Miguel Benlloch, Mari Chordà, Marisa González, Isabel Villar, Eulàlia Valldosera, Cristina Lucas, Ana Navarrete, Juan Hidalgo, Mau Monleón, Alicia Framis, Paloma Navares, and Marina Núñez, among others. References External links TV Program Metrópolis special edition on Genealogías Feministas en el arte español: 1960-2010. Video Report by Universidad de Educación a Distancia YouTube video by Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León Art exhibitions in Spain Feminist art 2012 in Spain 2013 in Spain 2012 in art 2013 in art León, Spain
Taha Ismail (; born 8 February 1939) is an Egyptian former footballer who played as a forward for Al-Ahly and the Egypt national team. He represented his country in the 1964 Summer Olympics. After retiring, Ismail transitioned into managing the Saudi Arabia national team between 1972 and 1974, and two short spells managing the Egypt national football team. Honours Africa Cup of Nations: 1959 References External links 1939 births Living people Egyptian men's footballers Men's association football forwards Egypt men's international footballers Al Ahly SC players 1959 African Cup of Nations players 1962 African Cup of Nations players 1963 African Cup of Nations players Olympic footballers for Egypt Footballers at the 1964 Summer Olympics Egyptian football managers Al-Ahli Saudi FC managers Ismaily SC managers Africa Cup of Nations-winning players 1994 African Cup of Nations managers Egyptian Premier League players Al Wehda FC managers Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia Egyptian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia 20th-century Egyptian people
Ahad Koruna is a town in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. It is located at 34°23'13N 71°15'5E with an altitude of 843 metres (2769 feet). References Populated places in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
is a public elementary school in Ginza, Chuo, Tokyo. It is operated by the Chuo City Board of Education (中央区教育委員会). It has a plaque for . Another plaque stated that the façade, which has ivy, is seen as a symbol in Ginza. The school's attendance boundary includes the following portions of Ginza: All of 5-8 chome, and parts of 1-chome (2-10-ban, and two lots of 11-ban), 2-chome (2-9 ban), 3-chome (2-8 ban), and 4-chome (1-8 ban). History The school's year of establishment is 1878. A new building opened in 1912. Another new building was established after the Great Kanto Earthquake. U.S. bombing raids destroyed the school in May 1945. It was rebuilt to closely match the previous building. By 2016 some new family-style apartments opened in the school's attendance boundary, prompting an increase of students in the attendance zone. The school requires its students to wear school uniforms. In 2018 the school announced that a new set of optional uniforms would be designed by Armani. They were criticized by parents, Japanese government officials and opinion columnists being relatively expensive, especially as prices of school uniforms in general in Japan increased. The complete set had a cost of over 80,000 yen, more than $730 U.S. dollars. The price for the smallest compulsory set was over 100% more than that of the other uniform. Student body In 2016 the school had 334 students, with over 30 of them residing in the attendance boundary. Other students commuted from other areas such as Harumi and . Operations The cafeteria uses the same menu used in other Chuo City schools, although for special occasions it sources its broth from the owner of Ginza Kojyu. Area museums and theaters are places visited during field trips. Notable alumni Yukiji Asaoka Shinzo Fukuhara Mitsuharu Kaneko Takeshi Katō Tokoku Kitamura Fumimaro Konoe Yoshiko Okada Tōson Shimazaki See also Elementary schools in Japan List of elementary schools in Tokyo References External links Taimei Elementary School Educational institutions established in 1878 1878 establishments in Japan Ginza Buildings and structures in Chūō, Tokyo Schools in Tokyo Elementary schools in Japan
The Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama is a French single-engined helicopter. It combines the lighter Aérospatiale Alouette II airframe with Alouette III components and powerplant. The Lama possesses exceptional high altitude performance. The helicopters have been built under licence by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in India, known as the Cheetah; HAL later developed an upgraded variant, powered by the Turbomeca TM 333-2M2 engine, which is known as the Cheetal. An armed version, marketed as the Lancer, was also produced by HAL. It was also built under licence by Helibras in Brazil as the Gavião. Design and development The SA 315B Lama was originally designed to meet a Nepalese Army Air Service and Indian Air Force requirement for a rotorcraft capable of undertaking operations at hot and high conditions. Both countries possessed extreme mountain ranges in the form of the Himalayas in which even relatively powerful medium-sized helicopters could not be effectively operated within, thus there was an expressed desire for an aerial vehicle capable of operating in this challenging environment. To achieve the desired performance, Aerospatiale elected to combine elements of two existing popular helicopters in their inventory, the Aérospatiale Alouette II and the Aérospatiale Alouette III to produce a new rotorcraft specialised for high altitude performance. Specifically, the new helicopter, named Lama, was equipped with the Alouette III's Turbomeca Artouste turboshaft powerplant and its dynamic systems, and was furnished with a reinforced version of the Alouette II's airframe. On 17 March 1969, the first SA315B, powered by an Artouste IIB engine, undertook its maiden flight. On 30 September 1970, the type received its airworthiness certificate, and it was introduced to operational service in July 1971. Due to its favourable high altitude performance, the Lama quickly became popular with operators worldwide, often being deployed within mountainous environments. As with the Alouette series, the type can be fitted for various roles, such as light passenger transport, agricultural tasks, oil-and-gas exploration, aerial firefighting, and other specialised duties. The military variants of the Lama include liaison, observation, photography, air/sea rescue, transport and ambulance duties. The SA315B is particularly suited to mountainous areas due to its performance and can carry underslung loads of up to 1000 kg (2,205 lb). By December 1976, 191 Lamas had been ordered by 68 operators. A significant number of SA 315B Lamas were manufactured under licence in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), under the name Cheetah. More than three decades after production in India began, HAL was still receiving export orders for the original Cheetah. Along with the Alouette III, the Cheetah was a key product for HAL; experience from manufacturing the type aided in the later development of more advanced indigenous helicopters such as the HAL Dhruv. During the 1990s, HAL developed an armed light attack helicopter based upon the Cheetah, which was given the name Lancer. In 2006, HAL proposed a modernised variant to the Indian Army, designated as Cheetal, the principal change of which was the adoption of a modern, more powerful Turbomeca TM 333-2M2 powerplant in the place of the Artouste; HAL promoting the Cheetal's capabilities for operating in high altitude environments, such as the Siachen Glacier. Other improvements include new warning indicates, a cockpit voice recorder, flight monitoring system, artificial horizon, and modernised electronics. In 2006, an initial 10 Cheetals were ordered by the Indian Air Force. In February 2013, it was announced that the Indian and Nepalese Armies had signed a 300 crore (~US$55 million) contract for the urgent procurement of a further 20 Cheetals. Operational history The Lama was developed specifically to provide a rotorcraft with exceptional high-altitude performance. In practice, the type found considerable use within regions that possessed extensive mountain ranges, such as South America and India, being capable of lifting loads and deploying personnel in areas that had been previously impossible to have otherwise achieved. During 1969, a series of early demonstration flights involving the SA315B were performed in the Himalayas; during one such flight, a single rotorcraft carrying a crew of two and 120kg of fuel landed and then took off at what was then the highest altitude to be recorded, 7,500m (24,605ft). On 21 June 1972, a Lama with a single pilot (Jean Boulet) aboard established a helicopter absolute altitude record of 12,442m (40,814ft), a record which still stands as of June 2022. During the same flight, the Lama's engine flamed out at the peak altitude of the flight, which led to an inadvertent record being set for the longest ever autorotation after which the rotorcraft was brought to a safe unpowered landing. Days before, the same pilot and aircraft had set a similar record at a higher weight. Following in the aftermath of the records set by the helicopter, a major order was placed by the Indian government in 1971. The Indian order included an arrangement for the indefinite licence production of the SA315B to be conducted by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) at their facility in Bangalore, India. The first Indian-assembled SA315B flew on 6 October 1972, with deliveries starting in December 1973; Indian-produced helicopters were given the name Cheetah. Operated by both the Indian Air Force and the Indian Army's Aviation Corps, the Cheetah have proved capable, operating in difficult and remote areas such the mountainous Siachen region, and during times of conflict with neighbouring Pakistan. Cheetahs have also been operated for civil purposes, such as aerial agriculture. HAL-built Lamas have also been procured by neighbouring Nepal for military use. Sales have included a quantity of an armed variant, marketed as the HAL Lancer; one batch was reportedly delivered to Nepal between June 2003 and September 2004. The sale of Lancers to Nepal encountered international controversy due to allegations that these rotorcraft have participated in combat operations against members of the Communist Party of Nepal during the Nepalese Civil War. In addition to India, other countries have participated in licence production activities. In 1978, an export agreement was reached with Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Helibras, under which it would perform domestic assembly of the Lama. Such Helibras-produced SA 315Bs were marketed under the designation Gavião; several examples of which were successfully exported to neighboring Bolivia. In later life, the Lama's commercial appeal waned in favour of the newer Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil, which had lower maintenance requirements and was capable of higher speeds but incapable of equalling the Lama's high altitude performance. The type remained in commercial service into the 21st century, being only slowly retired as it typically continued to be adequate for its given tasks. According to Vertical Magazine, popular qualities of the Lama included its capable engine, favourable stability while hovering, and its ability to effectively convey payloads at altitude even during peak temperatures. In 2009, due to issues with the newly introduced HAL Dhruv helicopter, the Indian Army increased operational usage of their older Cheetah/Cheetal rotorcraft to meet the temporary shortfall. In September 2012, it was reported that an ever-decreasing amount of spare parts compatible with the Cheetah has led to the type's operators being required to cannibalise helicopters in order to provide components for others. In August 2016, it was reported that No. 114 Helicopter Unit were keen to introduce the upgraded Cheetal as a replacement for its existing Cheetah rotorcraft for continuous deployment on the Siachen Glacier. Variants SA315B Lama Derived from the SE 3150, it was designed for high altitude operations using a 650kW (870hp) Turbomeca Astazou IIIB turboshaft, derated to 410 kW (550shp). This derivative still holds the absolute altitude record for all types of helicopters since 1972: 12,442m. HB315B Gaviao Brazilian licence-built version of the SA 315B Lama. HAL Cheetah Indian licence-built version of the SA 315B Lama. HAL Lancer Modified armed combat variant. Changes include composite armouring, toughened glass, and gun sights. Armaments include two jettisonable weapons pods, each of which contains a single 12.7-mm machine gun and up to three 70-mm rockets. HAL Cheetal Modernised variant, fitted with the Turbomeca TM333-2M2. Speed is increased to and range is increased to . Operators Afghan Air Force Argentine Air Force Argentine Army Ecuadorian Army Indian Army Namibian Air Force Pakistan Army Togolese Air Force Former operators Angolan Air Defence Force National Gendarmerie Bolivian Air Force Chilean Army Ecuadorian Air Force Air Force of El Salvador Indian Air Force Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie Nepal Army Peruvian Army Specifications (SA 315B Lama) See also References Citations Bibliography Chant, Chris. "A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware." Routledge, 2014. . Kjelgaard, Chris. "HAL spools up." Flight International, 18 December 1982. External links "HAL Cheetah." "European Aviation Safety Agency Type Certificate: SE 3160, SA 316B, SA 316C, SA 319B, SA 315B." 1960s French military utility aircraft 1960s French helicopters Aérospatiale aircraft Single-turbine helicopters Aircraft first flown in 1969
Wrong-way driver warning is a new advanced driver-assistance system introduced in 2010 to prevent wrong-way driving. In the case of signs imposing access restrictions, through the wrong-way driver warning function an acoustic warning is emitted together with a visual warning in the instrument cluster – making an effective contribution towards helping to prevent serious accidents caused by wrong-way drivers. Vehicles In 2010, Nissan has developed a GPS-enabled warning system to alert drivers travelling in the wrong direction on motorways. The first application is the Nissan Fuga hybrid luxury sedan. The system, uses GPS positioning data, map data and vehicle speed data to determine if the vehicle is travelling against the flow of traffic. The system identifies an area for determining the normal direction of flow, such as around junctions. When the vehicle passes through that area, the system records its direction of travel. If the vehicle enters that area again and the system determines that it's driving in the opposite direction it provides audible and visual warnings. 2011 Toyota introduced Wrong-Way Driving Alert incorporated into navigation systems (only in Japan). Gives on-screen and voice alerts to wrong-way drivers. The function monitors vehicle direction on highways and selected toll roads, including at tollgates, service area ramps, turn-offs and junctions. The new function was made possible by advances in communications-based map-updating technology and in pinpoint position-recognition technology that uses information from GPS, gyro1, vehicle-speed and other sensors to determine accurate vehicle movement. In 2013 Mercedes-Benz introduced wrong-way driver warning function on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222) and the facelift Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212). References Computer-related introductions in 2010 Vehicle safety technologies Satellite navigation Warning systems Advanced driver assistance systems
```kotlin package mega.privacy.android.legacy.core.ui.controls.controlssliders import androidx.compose.foundation.isSystemInDarkTheme import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Arrangement import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row import androidx.compose.foundation.selection.toggleable import androidx.compose.material.MaterialTheme import androidx.compose.material.Text import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf import androidx.compose.runtime.remember import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier import androidx.compose.ui.R import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource import androidx.compose.ui.semantics.Role import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.PreviewParameter import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.controls.controlssliders.MegaSwitch import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.preview.BooleanProvider import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.preview.CombinedTextAndThemePreviews import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.theme.OriginalTempTheme import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.theme.grey_alpha_087 import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.theme.white_alpha_087 /** * A switch with a label */ @Composable fun LabelledSwitch( label: String, checked: Boolean, onCheckChanged: (Boolean) -> Unit, modifier: Modifier = Modifier, ) { Row( verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically, horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.SpaceBetween, modifier = modifier .toggleable( value = checked, role = Role.Checkbox, onValueChange = onCheckChanged ) ) { Text( text = label, style = MaterialTheme.typography.subtitle1, color = if (!MaterialTheme.colors.isLight) white_alpha_087 else grey_alpha_087 ) MegaSwitch( checked = checked, onCheckedChange = null, ) } } @CombinedTextAndThemePreviews @Composable private fun LabelledSwitchPreview( @PreviewParameter(BooleanProvider::class) initialValue: Boolean, ) { var checked by remember { mutableStateOf(initialValue) } OriginalTempTheme(isDark = isSystemInDarkTheme()) { LabelledSwitch(label = stringResource(if (checked) R.string.on else R.string.off), checked = checked, onCheckChanged = { checked = !checked }) } } ```
Villa Fontana (Entre Ríos) is a village and municipality in Entre Ríos Province in north-eastern Argentina. References Populated places in Entre Ríos Province
Dennis Kelleher (20 November 1918 – 20 February 2002) was an Irish footballer who represented Great Britain at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Dennis played amateur football with Barnet, winning the FA Amateur Cup in 1946; he also earned 8 amateur caps for Ireland. Kelleher also represented touring team Middlesex Wanderers. During World War II, Kelleher served as a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, and was captured while serving in Egypt, later escaping from a German prisoner-of-war camp. References 1918 births 2002 deaths Republic of Ireland men's association footballers Barnet F.C. players Middlesex Wanderers A.F.C. players Footballers at the 1948 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers for Great Britain Royal Navy officers of World War II British World War II prisoners of war British escapees Sportspeople from Dungarvan Men's association football forwards Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II Escapees from German detention World War II prisoners of war held by Germany Association footballers from County Waterford
The Fellowship of the British Academy consists of world-leading scholars and researchers in the humanities and social sciences. A number of fellows are elected each year in July at the Academy's annual general meeting. 2009 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2009: Professor Simon Baron-Cohen. Professor of Developmental Psychopathology; Director, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge Professor William Beinart. Rhodes Professor of Race Relations, University of Oxford; Professorial Fellow, St Antony's College Professor Martin Bell. Professor of Archaeology, University of Reading Robin Briggs. Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, University of Oxford Professor Bruce Campbell. Professor of Medieval Economic History, Queen's University, Belfast Professor Christine Chinkin. Professor of International Law, London School of Economics Professor Paul Cloke. Professor of Human Geography, University of Exeter Dr Jean Dunbabin. Senior Research Fellow, St Anne's College, University of Oxford Professor John Duncan. Assistant Director, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge Professor Richard English. Professor of Politics, Queen's University, Belfast Professor Philip Ford. Professor of French and Neo-Latin Literature, University of Cambridge Professor Michael D. Freeman. Professor of English Law, University College London Professor Graham Furniss. Professor of African Language Literature, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Professor Malcolm Godden. Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, University of Oxford Professor Rachel Griffith. Deputy Research Director, Institute for Fiscal Studies; professor of economics, University College London Professor Peter Hammond. Marie Curie Professor, Department of Economics, University of Warwick Professor Colin Haselgrove. Professor of Archaeology and Head of School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester Professor Jonathan Haslam. Professor of the History of International Relations, University of Cambridge Professor Patsy Healey. Professor Emeritus, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University Dr Wilfrid Hodges. Formerly Professor of Mathematics, Queen Mary, University of London Professor Glyn Humphreys. Professor of Cognitive Psychology, University of Birmingham Professor Mary Jacobus. Professor of English and Director, Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Cambridge Professor Ruth Lister. Professor of Social Policy, Loughborough University Professor John Mack. Professor of World Art Studies, University of East Anglia Dr John Marenbon. Senior Research Fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge Professor Roger Pearson. Professor of French, University of Oxford; Fellow and Praelector, The Queen's College Professor Christopher Pelling. Regius Professor of Greek, University of Oxford Professor Geoffrey Pullum. Professor of General Linguistics and Head of Linguistics and English Language, The University of Edinburgh Professor Susan Rankin. Professor of Medieval Music, University of Cambridge; Fellow, Emmanuel College Professor Michael Silk. Professor of Classical and Comparative Literature, King's College London Professor David M. Smith. Emeritus Professor of Geography, Queen Mary, University of London Professor Margaret J. Snowling. Professor of Psychology, University of York Professor Fiona Steele. Professor of Social Statistics, University of Bristol Professor Peter Taylor-Gooby. Professor of Social Policy, University of Kent; Honorary Co-Director, Risk Research Centre, Beijing Normal University Professor Alexandra Walsham. Professor of Reformation History, University of Exeter Professor Reg Ward. Formerly Professor of Modern History, University of Durham Professor David Womersley. Thomas Warton Professor of English Literature, University of Oxford Professor Sarah Worthington. Pro-Director and professor of law, London School of Economics 2008 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2008: Professor Sara Arber, professor of sociology, University of Surrey; Co-Director, Centre for Research on Ageing and Gender Professor Alan Baddeley, CBE, FRS, professor of psychology, University of York Professor Michael Bell, professor of English and Comparative Literary Studies, University of Warwick Professor John Blair, professor of Medieval History and Archaeology, University of Oxford; Fellow and Praelector, The Queen's College Professor Martin Browning, professor of economics, University of Oxford; Fellow, Nuffield College Professor Harald Clahsen, professor of linguistics, University of Essex Professor Trevor J. Dadson, professor of Hispanic Studies and vice-principal (Humanities and Social Sciences), Queen Mary, University of London Professor Jon Driver, FMedSci, Director, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London Professor David Firth, professor of statistics, University of Warwick Professor Chris Frith, FRS, emeritus professor of Neuropsychology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London; Niels Bohr Visiting Professor, University of Aarhus Professor Roberta Gilchrist, professor of archaeology, University of Reading Professor Robert Hillenbrand, professor emeritus, History of Art, University of Edinburgh Professor Colin Jones, professor of history, Queen Mary, University of London Professor Oliver B. Linton, professor of Econometrics, London School of Economics Professor Julius Lipner, professor of Hinduism and the Comparative Study of Religion, University of Cambridge Professor Ruth Mace, professor of Evolutionary Anthropology, University College London Professor Christopher McCrudden, professor of Human Rights Law, University of Oxford; Fellow, Lincoln College Professor Linda McDowell, professor of Human Geography, University of Oxford; Fellow, St John's College Professor Iain McLean, professor of politics, University of Oxford; Official Fellow in Politics, Nuffield College Professor Hugh McLeod, professor of Church History, University of Birmingham Professor Daniel Miller, professor of Anthropology, University College London Professor Peter Neary, professor of economics, University of Oxford; Fellow, Merton College Professor Vivian Nutton, professor of the History of Medicine, University College London Professor Stephen Oakley, Kennedy Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge Professor Michael O'Brien, professor of American Intellectual History, University of Cambridge; Fellow, Jesus College Professor Ray Pahl, Visiting Research Professor, University of Essex; professor emeritus of Sociology, University of Kent Professor Roger Parker, Thurston Dart Professor of Music, King's College London Professor Kenneth Reid, CBE, FRSE, WS, professor of Property Law, University of Edinburgh Professor Martin J. S. Rudwick, Affiliated Research Scholar, History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge; professor emeritus of History, University of California, San Diego Professor Roger Scruton, senior research fellow, Blackfriars Hall; Research Professor, Institute for the Psychological Sciences, Arlington, Virginia Professor Vivienne Shue, professor and Director, Contemporary China Studies, University of Oxford Professor Paul Julian Smith, professor of Spanish, University of Cambridge Professor Susan J. Smith, professor of Geography and Director of the Institute of Advanced Study, Durham University Professor Lisa Tickner, professor emerita of Art History, Middlesex University; visiting professor, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London Professor John Tiley, professor of the Law of Taxation, University of Cambridge; Fellow, Queens’ College Professor Charles Townshend, professor of International History, Keele University Professor Tony Wilkinson, professor of archaeology, Durham University Professor Mark Williams, professor of Clinical Psychology and Wellcome Principal Research Fellow, University of Oxford 2007 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2007: Ash Amin, professor of Geography and executive director, Institute of Advanced Study, University of Durham Mark Armstrong, professor of economics, University College London Derek Attridge, professor of English, University of York Toby Barnard, lecturer in History, University of Oxford, Fellow of Hertford College John Barton, Oriel and Laing Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, University of Oxford Paul Binski, professor of the History of Medieval Art, University of Cambridge Rachel Bowlby, Northcliffe Professor of Modern English Literature, University College London Harvey Brown, professor of Philosophy of Physics, University of Oxford Andrew Burrows, Norton Rose Professor of Commercial Law, University of Oxford, Fellow of St Hugh's College Bryony Coles, professor of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Exeter Ross Cranston, Centennial Professor of Law, London School of Economics and Political Science Robert Foley, Director of the Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, Fellow of King's College Mary Fulbrook, professor of German History, University College London Christopher Fuller, professor of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science John Gillingham, emeritus professor, London School of Economics and Political Science John Haffenden, Research Professor in English Literature, University of Sheffield Christopher Hill, Sir Patrick Sheehy Professor of International Relations, University of Cambridge Carole Hillenbrand, professor of Islamic History, University of Edinburgh Boyd Hilton, reader in Modern British History, University of Cambridge, Fellow of Trinity College Michael Hunter, professor of history, Birkbeck, University of London Catriona Kelly, professor of Russian and Co-Director, European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford Joni Lovenduski, Anniversary Professor of Politics, Birkbeck, University of London Richard McCabe, professor of English Language and Literature, University of Oxford, Fellow of Merton College David Martin, emeritus professor of sociology, London School of Economics and Political Science Henrietta Moore, professor of Social Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science Colin Morris, emeritus professor of Medieval History, University of Southampton Anthony Ogus, professor of law, University of Manchester Carole Pateman, Research Professor, European Studies, Cardiff University Nicholas Purcell, Fellow in Ancient History, St John's College, Oxford Genevra Richardson, professor of law, King's College London Ian Roberts, professor of linguistics, University of Cambridge Kevin Roberts, Sir John Hicks Professor of Economics, University of Oxford Mike Savage, professor of Sociology and Director of the ESRC Centre for Research in Socio-Cultural Change, University of Manchester John Scott, professor of sociology, University of Essex Richard Smith, professor of Econometric Theory and Economic Statistics, University of Cambridge Zara Steiner, emeritus fellow, New Hall, Cambridge Steven Tipper, professor of Cognitive Science, University of Wales, Bangor H. Peyton Young, Professorial Fellow, Nuffield College, Oxford; senior fellow, The Brookings Institution, Washington DC 2006 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2006: Professor Robert Adams (University of Oxford) Philosophy Professor Stephen Ball (The Institute of Education, University of London) Sociology of Education Professor Dorothy Bishop (University of Oxford) Developmental Neuropsychology Professor Ken Booth (University of Wales) International Relations Professor John Butt (University of Glasgow) History of Music Professor Richard Carwardine (University of Oxford) American History Professor Avshalom Caspi (King's College London, University of London) Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Professor John Child (University of Birmingham) Commerce Professor Hugh Collins (London School of Economics) Law Professor Helen Cooper (University of Cambridge) English Literature Professor James Dunn (University of Durham) Theology & Religion Professor David Feldman (University of Cambridge) Law Professor Andrew George (School of Oriental and African Studies) Assyriology Dr Sudhir Hazareesingh (University of Oxford) Politics Professor Ray Hudson (University of Durham) Geography Professor Michael Lipton (University of Sussex) Economics Professor Edna Longley (Queen's University Belfast) English Literature Professor Stephen Machin (University College London) Economics Professor Hector MacQueen (University of Edinburgh) Law Professor Martin Millett (University of Cambridge) Archaeology Professor Michael Moriarty (Queen Mary, University of London) French Professor Robin Osborne (University of Cambridge) Ancient History Professor Jacqueline Rose (Queen Mary, University of London) English Literature Professor Jill Rubery (University of Manchester) Economic Sociology Rosalind Savill (The Wallace Collection) History of Art Professor Hamish Scott (University of St Andrews) International History Professor Stephen Shennan (University College London) Archaeology Professor Neil Shephard (University of Oxford) Economics Professor Avi Shlaim (University of Oxford) International Relations Professor Paul Sillitoe (University of Durham) Anthropology Professor Patricia Thane (Institute of Historical Research, University of London) Contemporary British History Professor Edward Timms (University of Sussex) German Studies Professor Nigel Vincent (University of Manchester) Linguistics Professor Charles Withers (University of Edinburgh) Historical Geography Senior fellows Professor Rosemary Cramp (University of Durham) Archaeology Professor Barbara Hardy (Birkbeck, University of London) English Literature Professor Rudolf Klein (University of Bath) Social Policy 2005 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2005: Professor Philip S. Alexander (University of Manchester), Theology Professor Andrew Barker (University of Birmingham), Classics Dr Bonnie Blackburn, Musicology (Independent scholar) Professor Richard Britnell (University of Durham), History Professor Bernard Capp (University of Warwick), History Professor Gordon Clark (University of Oxford), Geography Professor Roger Cotterrell (Queen Mary, University of London), Law Professor Cairns Craig (University of Edinburgh), English Literature Professor Colin Crouch (University of Warwick), Sociology Professor David d'Avray (University College London), History Professor Simon Deakin (University of Cambridge), Law Professor Ian Diamond (Economic and Social Research Council), Sociology Professor Dorothy Edgington (University of Oxford), Philosophy Professor Sandra Fredman (University of Oxford), Law Professor Miriam Glucksmann (University of Essex), Sociology Professor Christopher Gosden (University of Oxford), Archaeology Professor Sir Brian Harrison (University of Oxford), History Professor Jo Labanyi (University of Southampton), Spanish Literature Professor Andrew Linklater (University of Wales, Aberystwyth), Political Studies Professor David McCrone (University of Edinburgh), Sociology Professor April McMahon (University of Edinburgh), Linguistics Professor Ronald Martin (University of Cambridge), Geography Professor Costas Meghir (University College London), Economics Professor Dawn Oliver (University College London), Law Professor David Perrett (University of St Andrews), Psychology Professor Robert Plomin (Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London), Psychology Professor Graham Rees (Queen Mary, University of London), English Literature Professor David Reynolds (University of Cambridge), History Professor David Sanders (University of Essex), Political Studies Professor Geoffrey Searle (University of East Anglia), History Professor Hyun Song Shin (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economics Professor Nicholas Thomas (Goldsmiths College, University of London), Anthropology Professor Gerard van Gelder (University of Oxford), Oriental Studies Professor Anthony Venables (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economics Professor Marina Warner (University of Essex), English Literature Senior fellows Professor Sydney Anglo (formerly University of Swansea), History Professor Stuart Hall (Open University), Cultural Studies Professor Michael Zander (London School of Economics and Political Science), Law 2004 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2004: Professor P. Allott (University of Cambridge), Law Professor D. J. Arnold (School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London), History Professor O. Attanasio (University College London), Economics Professor H. G. Beale (University of Warwick; Law Commission), Law Professor J. A. Beckford (University of Warwick), Sociology Professor M. Berg (University of Warwick), History Dr J. W. Binns (University of York), Literature Professor P. J. Bowler (Queen's University Belfast), History of Science Professor C. Clunas (School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London), History of Art Professor R. A. Duff (University of Stirling), Legal Philosophy Professor E. Duffy (University of Cambridge), History Professor R. O. Fardon (School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London), Anthropology Professor W. J. Hardcastle (Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh), Linguistics Professor S. Hornblower (University College London), Classics Professor N. Jardine (University of Cambridge), History of Science Dr A. Jefferson (University of Oxford), French Literature Professor S. Kay (University of Cambridge), French Literature Professor A. Kuhn (Lancaster University), Film Studies Professor J. E. Lewis (University of Oxford), Sociology Professor D. A. MacKenzie (University of Edinburgh), Sociology Professor S. Mendus (University of York), Political Studies Professor R. Middleton (University of Newcastle upon Tyne), Musicology Professor S. J. Mithen (University of Reading), Archaeology Professor T. E. Moffitt (Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London), Psychology Professor M. Moran (University of Manchester), Political Studies Dr S. C. Ogilvie (University of Cambridge), Economic History Professor R. D. Portes (London Business School), Economics Mr J. D. Ray (University of Cambridge), Egyptology Professor R. Robertson (University of Oxford), German Literature Professor P. Simons (University of Leeds), Philosophy Professor C. Skinner (University of Southampton), Social Statistics Professor J. A. Sloboda (Keele University), Psychology Professor P. J. Taylor (Loughborough University), Geography Professor D. Trotter (University of Cambridge), English Literature Professor F. M. Young (University of Birmingham), Theology Senior fellows Professor D. Harris (Institute of Archaeology, University College London), Geography Dr J. L. Oates (University of Cambridge), Archaeology Professor P. B. Townsend (University of Bristol), Sociology 2003 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2003: Professor R. C. Allen (University of Oxford), Economic History Professor I. Armstrong (Birkbeck, University of London), Literature Professor K. Barber (University of Birmingham), African Studies Professor E. Boa (University of Nottingham), German Literature Professor S. J. Broadie (University of St Andrews), Philosophy Professor S. Bruce (University of Aberdeen), Sociology Dr A. M. Burnett (The British Museum), Classics Professor D. M. Clark (Institute of Psychiatry, London), Psychology Professor J. Cleland (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine), Demography Dr J. E. Curtis (The British Museum), Archaeology Professor G. I. Davies (University of Cambridge), Theology Professor I. J. Deary (University of Edinburgh), Psychology Professor T. F. Eagleton (University of Manchester), Literature Professor R. F. Ellen (University of Kent at Canterbury), Anthropology Professor D. J. Hand (Imperial College London), Social Statistics Professor P. J. Hennessy (Queen Mary, University of London), History Professor B. A. Hepple (University of Cambridge), Law Professor L. Hill (University of Warwick), Literature Professor D. J. Ibbetson (University of Cambridge), Law Professor J. T. Jackson (University of Wales at Swansea), History Professor D. King (University of Oxford), Political Studies Professor N. Kiyotaki (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economics Professor Lord Layard (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economics Professor J. D. McClean (University of Sheffield), Law Professor M. D. Maiden (University of Oxford), Linguistics Professor D. J. Mattingly (University of Leicester), Archaeology Professor Lord Parekh (London School of Economics and Political Science), Political Studies Professor A. M. Pettigrew (University of Warwick), Business Studies Professor A. Phillips (London School of Economics and Political Science), Political Studies Professor T. Puttfarken (University of Essex), Art History Professor B. Richardson (University of Leeds), Italian Literature Professor N. A. M. Rodger (University of Exeter), History Professor R. Sharpe (University of Oxford), History Professor N. J. Thrift (University of Bristol), Geography Professor B. W. Vickers, elected to Corresponding Fellowship in 1998, was transferred to Ordinary Fellowship on becoming ordinarily resident in the UK. Professor R. I. Woods (University of Liverpool), Demography Senior fellows Professor G. Best, History Professor P. D. A. Harvey, History Professor E. Jones, Geography 2002 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2002: Professor S. W. Blackburn (University of Cambridge), Philosophy The Revd Canon Professor D. W. Brown (University of Durham), Theology Professor M. S. Butler (University of Oxford), English Professor B. Butterworth (University College London), Psychology Professor R. A. Dodgshon (University of Wales Aberystwyth), Geography Professor L. Dreyfus (King's College London), Musicology Professor M. Elliott (University of Liverpool), History Professor E. C. Fernie (Courtauld Institute of Art), History of Art Professor R. C. Floud (London Guildhall University), Economic History Professor M. R. Freedland (University of Oxford), Law Professor J. I. Gershuny (University of Essex), Sociology Professor H. Glennerster (London School of Economics and Political Science), Social Policy Professor F. Halliday (London School of Economics and Political Science), Political Science Professor P. F. Hammond (University of Leeds), English Dr M. R. C. Hewstone (University of Oxford), Psychology Professor J. R. Hills (London School of Economics and Political Science), Social Policy Professor C. D. Holes (University of Oxford), Arab studies Professor A. Hook (University of Glasgow), English Professor G. H. Jenkins (University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies), History Professor Sir Ian Kennedy (University College London), Law Dr P. A. Linehan (University of Cambridge), History Professor P. Magdalino (University of St Andrews), History Professor D. B. Massey (The Open University), Geography Dr D. Miller (University of Oxford), Political Science Professor Robin Milner-Gulland (University of Sussex), Russian Literature Professor S. Mitchell (University of Exeter), Classics Professor M. S. Morgan (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economic History Professor M. Murphy (London School of Economics and Political Science), Demography Professor D. W. Phillipson (University of Cambridge), Archaeology Professor C. A. Pissarides (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economics Dr O. Rackham (University of Cambridge), Ecological History Professor M. Steedman (University of Edinburgh), Linguistics Professor J. P. Thomas (University of St Andrews), Economics Professor M. Vaughan (University of Oxford), History of Africa Professor W. E. Yates (University of Exeter), Austrian literature Senior fellows Professor M. D. I. Chisholm, Economic geography Miss B. E. de Cardi, Archaeology Professor A. H. Williams, Economics 2001 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2001: Professor M. R. Ayers (University of Oxford), Philosophy Professor J. Barrell (University of York), English Professor J. M. Batty (University College London), Spatial Analysis Professor J. Beatson (University of Cambridge), Law Professor T. J. Besley (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economics Professor N. Boyle (University of Cambridge), German Literature Professor T. M. O. Charles-Edwards (University of Oxford), Celtic Studies Professor A. Chesher (University College London), Economics Professor N. Cook (University of Southampton), Music Professor T. P. Dyson (London School of Economics and Political Science), Demography Mr J. M. Eekelaar (University of Oxford), Law Professor U. Frith (University College London), Psychology Professor J. A. Graham-Campbell (University College London), Archaeology Professor D. E. Greenway (University of London), History Professor A. F. Harding (University of Durham), Archaeology Professor James Harris (University of Oxford), Law Professor K. T. Hoppen (University of Hull), History Professor C. B. Howe (School of Oriental and African Studies, London), Economics Professor G. D. Josipovici (University of Sussex), English Professor A. T. L. Kuhrt (University College London), Ancient Near Eastern History Professor N. M. Lacey (London School of Economics and Political Science), Law Professor H. Lee (University of Oxford), English Professor D. Lieven (London School of Economics and Political Science), Russian History Professor D. N. J. MacCulloch (University of Oxford), History Dr I. J. McMullen (University of Oxford), Japanese Dr N. R. Malcolm, Early Modern History Professor J. Mayall (University of Cambridge), International Relations Professor E. C. Page (London School of Economics and Political Science), Public Policy Professor J. P. Parry (London School of Economics and Political Science), Anthropology Professor S. G. Pulman (University of Oxford), Linguistics Professor G. S. Smith (University of Oxford), Russian Literature The Revd Professor J. K. S. Ward (University of Oxford), Theology Professor A. W. Young (University of York), Psychology Senior fellows Professor J. Durbin, Statistics Professor D. Lowenthal, Geography 2000 The following fellows of the British Academy were elected at the annual general meeting in 2000: Professor R. D. Ashton (University College London), English Professor C. M. Britton (University of Aberdeen), French Professor J. Broome (University of St Andrews), Philosophy Professor D. S. T. Clark (University of Wales Swansea), History Dr S. A. Collini (University of Cambridge), Intellectual History and English Literature Professor J. R. Crawford (University of Cambridge), Law Professor D. Crystal (University of Wales Bangor), Linguistics Professor P. L. Davies (London School of Economics and Political Science), Law Dr D. Gambetta (University of Oxford), Sociology Professor A. M. Gamble (University of Sheffield), Politics Professor C. S. Gamble (University of Southampton), Archaeology Professor H. G. Genn (University College London), Law Professor J. Gray (University of Cambridge), Education Mr A. V. Griffiths (British Museum), Art History Dr P. R. Hardie (University of Cambridge), Classics Professor H. E. Joshi (Institute of Education, University of London), Demography Professor S. D. Keynes (University of Cambridge), History Dr P. F. Kornicki (University of Cambridge), Japanese Studies Professor A. J. Kuper (Brunel University), Anthropology Professor R. C. C. Law (University of Stirling), History Professor A. Leighton (University of Hull), English Professor J. M. Malcomson (University of Oxford), Economics Dr G. Marshall (Economic and Social Research Council), Sociology Professor L. Mulvey (Birkbeck College), Film Studies Professor L. A. Newson (King's College London), Geography The Revd Professor O. M. T. O'Donovan (University of Oxford), Theology Dr A. Offer (University of Oxford), Economic History Professor R. J. Overy (King's College London), History Professor P. M. Robinson (London School of Economics and Political Science), Economics Professor P. E. Rock (London School of Economics and Political Science), Sociology Dr W. F. Ryan (Warburg Institute, University of London), Slavonic Studies Professor T. J. Samson (University of Bristol), Musicology Dr J. D. Teasdale (MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit), Psychology Professor H. S. Wallace (University of Sussex), Political Studies Professor A. Whiten (University of St Andrews), Psychology References
Allan J. MacEachen Port Hawkesbury Airport is a registered aerodrome located north of Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia, Canada. A short drive from the "gateway of Cape Breton Island" at the Canso Causeway, the airport is located near several tourist draws including the Cabot Links, fishing in the Margaree River as well as other tourist draws on Cape Breton Island and the eastern mainland of Nova Scotia. Services and infrastructure While owned by the town of Port Hawksbury the airport has been operated under contract by Celtic Air Services starting July 2017. At the same time the Canada Flight Supplement still shows the Municipality of Port Hawkesbury as the operator and has not updated the name. Services offered at the airport include aircraft parking and towing, aircraft servicing including fuel air conditioning, lavatory service, ground power and cabin grooming. The airport also provides an air conditioned executive lounge, opened in 2018. History The airport is funded jointly by the Town of Port Hawkesbury, the Municipality of the County of Inverness and the Municipality of the County of Richmond. Starting in 2011 the airport began to benefit from increased use due to flights arriving to access the new Cabot Links and then Cabot Cliffs golf course in Inverness. Flight volume increased a reported 4,000 percent over the first six years, which in turn led to contracting out the operations of the airport to Celtic Air Services in July 2017. In December 2017 the Port Hawkesbury town council voted unanimously to rename the airport after Allan J. MacEachen, the former Deputy Prime Minister and MP for Inverness—Richmond and later Cape Breton Highlands—Canso. In May 2018 Airshow Cape Breton was held at the airport, and featured the Royal Canadian Air Force Snowbirds. Cabot Links controversy In June 2019, the Federal government indicated that funding would possibly be made available to build a private airfield at Cabot Links. The mayor of Port Hawkesbury and the airport operator raised concern that such an investment would jeopardize the operating of the airport, and that the airport could not survive if it lost the current private jet traffic to a new airport. Mayor Brenda Chisholm-Beaton called on Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Premier Stephen McNeil to reconsider funding the project, stating that "two airports within an hour’s drive just doesn’t make sustainable economic sense." References External links Page about this airport on COPA's Places to Fly airport directory Registered aerodromes in Nova Scotia Transport in Inverness County, Nova Scotia Buildings and structures in Inverness County, Nova Scotia
Señorita bread, also known as Spanish bread or pan de kastila, is a Filipino bread roll characteristically oblong or cylindrical in shape with a traditional sweet filling made of breadcrumbs, butter or margarine, and brown sugar. It is usually yellowish in color due to the use of eggs and butter. The exterior is sprinkled with breadcrumbs. It is one of the most popular types of bread in the Philippines, commonly eaten during merienda. Despite the name, it does not originate from Spain and has no relation to the Spanish pan de horno (also called "Spanish bread"). Description Señorita bread is made similarly to pandesal except for the addition of eggs and butter. It is also similar to the Filipino ensaymada, except it is rolled in a different way. Its distinctive aspect is the sweet filling, which is traditionally made from butter (or margarine) mixed with breadcrumbs and brown sugar. The filling is evenly spread on the flattened dough (usually triangular in shape, but can also be square). It is then rolled into a cylinder from one corner, resulting in the characteristic horn-like shape. It is sprinkled with breadcrumbs on the outside and then baked. See also Pan de regla Pan de sal Pan de monja Pan de coco References Breads Yeast breads Southeast Asian breads Philippine breads
Cissokho is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Aly Cissokho (born 1987), French footballer Kalidou Cissokho (born 1978), Senegalese footballer See also Sissoko
The Sleepy Hollow is an American ungraded restricted stakes race for two-year-olds Thoroughbreds held in the fall at Belmont Park, New York. Though not restricted to New York bred horses, this is not an open race: it is considered a race on the New York bred schedule. At a distance of one mile, and in its 22nd running in 2015, it's a major step up for talented and hopeful young horses. The Sleepy Hollow currently offers a purse of $250,000. The race is named for the historic village of Sleepy Hollow, New York on the banks of the Hudson River made famous by the American writer, Washington Irving in his 1819 short story, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Past winners 2021 - Shipsational (Luis Saez) 2020 - Brooklyn Strong (José Ortiz) 2019 - Captain Bombastic (Jose Ortiz) 2018 - Bankit (Irad Ortiz Jr. 2017 - Evaluator (Manuel Franco) 2016 - Pat On the Back (Dylan Davis) 2015 - Get Jets (Irad Ortiz, Jr.) 2014 - Ostrolenka (John Velazquez) 2013 - No Race 2012 - No Race 2011 - No Race 2010 - Bandbox (Ramon Dominguez) 2009 - Fenway Faithful (Ramon Dominguez) 2008 - Trinity Magic (Edgar Prado) 2007 - Giant Moon (Kent Desormeaux) 2006 - Chief's Lake (Garrett K. Gomez) 2005 - Sharp Humor (Edgar Prado) 2004 - Galloping Grocer (John R. Velazquez) 2003 - Friends Lake (Richard Migliore) 2002 - Funny Cide (José A. Santos) 2001 - White Ibis (Robbie Davis) 2000 - Le Grande Danseur (Jorge F. Chavez) 1999 - Entrepreneur (John R. Velazquez) 1998 - Shut Out Time (Joe Bravo) 1997 - Mellow Roll (Frank Lovoto Jr) 1996 - Kashatreya (Juilo Pezua) 1995 - Carrbine Special (Robbie Davis) 1994 - Outlaw (Robbie Davis) External links Belmont Park official website Restricted stakes races in the United States Flat horse races for two-year-olds Belmont Park Horse races in New York (state)
Param Singh is an Indian actor best known for his role of Randhir Singh Shekhawat in the youth TV Series Sadda Haq: My Life, My Choice on Channel V, Rangeela in Ghulaam on Life Ok and Ahaan Veer Malhotra in on Sony TV Career Singh started his career through many commercials and with a short role in Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi.He rose to fame with his work in the youth-based TV Series Sadda Haq (TV series) in 2013 where he played the role of Randhir Singh Shekhawat,which aired on Channel V India produced by Inspire Films. In 2017 he did a show for Life OK named Ghulaam where he essayed the lead character Rangeela, opposite Niti Taylor and Vikas Manaktala. Later, Singh played Dhruv Narang for Beyond Originals' web series called "Black Coffee", created by Yash A Patnaik and Mamta Patnaik.He has done a lot of plays back in school and college like Helen Of Troy. Ardhanareshwar is another play he has added as a feather to his hat. In 2018 he played Fawad Ashraf in Star Plus's show Mariam Khan - Reporting Live but the show ended in early 2019 due to low TRPs. In August 2019 he signed Balaji Telefilms show Haiwaan : The Monster'' which aired on Zee TV opposite Ridhima Pandit. He portrayed Randhir Agnihotri a young, fun loving but smart scientist. The show ended on 16 February 2020. He was last seen in one of the recent popular TV show, Sony TV's as Ahaan Veer Malhotra opposite Akshita mudgal. Television Web series Short films References External links 1988 births Living people Alumni of Regent's University London Actors from Uttar Pradesh
Louise McKinney Riverfront Park or Louise McKinney Park is a municipal park in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, that is part of the North Saskatchewan River valley parks system, and serves as the gateway park, with paved paths leading from it to everywhere in the parks system. The Cloverdale Pedestrian Bridge crossed the North Saskatchewan River connecting Louise McKinney Park to the Henrietta Muir Edwards Park and the Edmonton Queen attraction. The park is the closest to the downtown Edmonton area. The park also serves as a link in the trans-Canadian trail system. Features Boating: A public dock for canoes and other small boats is located at the riverfront part of the park. Garden: A Chinese garden is located in the park, the garden features a scenic path. Gazebo: A gazebo with an electrical outlet is located in the Chinese Garden. It is open for public booking. Promenade: A shelter-house is located on the riverfront park promenade sporting a public washroom along several other amenities. References Parks in Edmonton
Simaxis (; or ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about northwest of Cagliari and about northeast of Oristano. Simaxis borders the following municipalities: Ollastra, Oristano, Siamanna, Siapiccia, Solarussa, Zerfaliu. References External links Official website Cities and towns in Sardinia
Tenbury High Ormiston Academy (formerly Tenbury High School) is a coeducational secondary school with academy status located in Tenbury Wells in the English county of Worcestershire. In 2005 it was awarded specialist science and mathematics status. Previously a community school administered by Worcestershire County Council, Tenbury High School converted to academy status on 1 September 2014 and was renamed Tenbury High Ormiston Academy. The school is now sponsored by the Ormiston Academies Trust but continues to coordinate with Worcestershire County Council for admissions. Senior management The post of Executive Principal at the academy is shared with Ormiston Forge Academy in Cradley Heath. As of 2020, the postholder is Andrew Burns. Headteachers 1998-2013: Stuart Cooke 2013-2018: Adrian Price 2018–present (as of 2023): Victoria Dean References https://www.worcesternews.co.uk/news/7460414.schools-celebrate-specialist-status-awards/ External links Tenbury High Ormiston Academy official website Secondary schools in Worcestershire Academies in Worcestershire Ormiston Academies Tenbury Wells

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