text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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Marco Angelini (born on 26 July 1984 in Voitsberg, Steiermark) is an Austrian singer and songwriter, who withdrew from public life in 2014 and started working as a doctor.
Family
Marco Angelini was born in Voitsburg, Steiermark State in Austria, from an Austrian mother, Luxembourgish father and Italian grandparents. Currently living in Graz, he has been in a relationship with professional dancer Maria Santner since 2014.
Education and career
Education
After his A-Levels Marco Angelini studied medicine at the Medical University in Graz. He spent a semester abroad in Luxembourg and did a practical year at KLINIKUM Passau in Germany. In 2012 he graduated as Doctor of Medicine.
Sports
Marco Angelini had played handball as a left wing at the HSG REMUS Baernbach/Koeflach for more than twelve years, however, he had to give up his handball career after two serious injuries (including cruciate ligament).
Music
Marco Angelini had participated in various talent shows, like Helden von morgen, Starmania and X Factor. By participating in season 8 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar – the German equivalent of American Idol – he reached the 4th place.
He later performed in Germany, Greece, Austria, Luxembourg and Spain, both as a solo artist and with his student band, "Black Balloon", that was founded 2008. Angelini also worked as a juror.
His musical scope ranges from pop, rock and Austropop. His musical influences can be found by its own account with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Kings of Leon, Paolo Nutini and James Morrison.
In 2011 Angelini signed a recording contract with Sony Music – Austria, where his first single "Leuchtturm", which was produced by Alexander Kahr, was recorded and released in December 2011.
After moving to 2DayRecords the Maxi – CD called "Du & Ich" was published on 25 January 2013.
"Du & Ich" entered on the Austrian Charts at No. 69.
His second single – produced again in cooperation with 2DayRecords – called "Mein Engel (hier auf Erden)" has reached number 84 in the charts. It was published on 31 May 2013.
On 4 October 2013, his third single called "Wunder gibt es immer wieder" was released and reached number 62 in the German charts.
After his participation in "Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!" he published a party song called "Heute Nacht", which reached No. 54 in the German charts, and 51 in the Austrian charts.
Marco Angelini announced a musical break in 2014.
He published a song called "Goodbye" in cooperation with Leo Aberer. They also produced a Christmas song that joined the Austrian charts at number 23 in the first week and peaked at number 9.
Projects on television
In January 2014 Angelini participated in the German reality-Show "Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!" produced and shown by RTL. He left the show with the sixth place.
In the same year, he danced with Maria Santner in the 9th season of the dance show "Dancing Stars" produced by ORF eins and reached second place.
Temporary break
In the end of July 2014, Angelini announced his temporary end of his career as a singer and performed his last live show in 13 September 2014, wanting to continue his work as a doctor and focus on his private life, while still intending to work as a singer again in the future.
Discography
Albums
2013: Best Of
Singles and releases
2011: Leuchtturm
2013: Du & ich
2013: Mein Engel (hier auf Erden)
2013: Wunder gibt es immer wieder
2014: Heute Nacht
2014: Suzie
2014: Goodbye – Marco Angelini & Leo Aberer
Awards
Cool Music Award 2011 (music magazine Cool)
Cool Music Award 2012 (music magazine Cool)
Badge of honour in silver of his hometown Voitsberg 2011
Sexiest Austrian Celebrity alive 2011
Best Singer 2011 (youth magazine Xpress)
Best Newcomer 2011 (youth magazine Xpress)
Best Austrian Star 2011 (youth magazine Xpress)
Best Austrian Star 2012 (youth magazine Xpress)
Social projects
Marco Angelini is deeply committed to people with special needs and has supported the athletes of Special Olympics Austria voluntarily for many years, first as a coach for field hockey and handball, and since 2011, as assistant to the team doctor. At the Special Olympics Summer Games 2015, Marco took part as the new team doctor.
He also actively contributes to the development of children and youth sports programs.
Literature
Claudia Fuerbach: Marco Angelini: Das große Fanbuch. Roed Verlag, , published 30 November 2013.
Claudia Fuerbach: Marco Angelini: Live on Stage!. Roed Verlag, , published 20 December 2014.
References
Living people
1984 births
Austrian pop singers
Participants in German reality television series
21st-century Austrian singers |
The 1954 VPI Gobblers football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute, now known as Virginia Tech, in the 1954 college football season. The team, coached by Frank Moseley, had an 8–0-1 record. The team was ranked 16th in the final Associated Press poll. Three major college football teams had perfect records in 1954, but the Gobblers only prevailed over one team with a winning record, fellow Southern Conference member Richmond, which was 5–4.
Despite its record, and some interest from bowl scouts, Tech did not earn a berth in a postseason game. There were only 14 teams who played in bowl games following the 1954 season.
It was the first undefeated season for Virginia Tech since the 1918 team went 7–0. It also marks the last time that a Virginia Tech team has gone undefeated (although the 1999 team went 11–0 in regular-season play before losing the National Championship game played in the 2000 Sugar Bowl).
The Techmen were 3-0-1 in the conference, with the lone blemish coming in a tie with William & Mary, which finished the year 4-4-2. Tech finished second in the Southern to West Virginia which was 4–0. Those two teams did not face off during the season. Three Tech players were elected to the first-team all-conference squad: end Tom Petty who caught nine passes for 236 yards and five touchdowns; Dickie Beard who led the league in rushing with 647 yards; and future Baltimore Colts star George Preas, a star interior lineman.
Howie Wright, injured early in the year, was elected to the second team.
Frank O. Moseley, the 41-year-old head coach, was unanimously named the Associated Press Big-Six coach of the year. (The Big-Six was not a conference, but instead a press-inspired grouping of the six major college athletic programs in the state: Virginia Tech, William & Mary, UVA, VMI, Richmond, and Washington and Lee - ironically a school that did not field a varsity program in 1954). The state newspapers also coined seven other state athletic teams the "Little Seven": Emory and Henry; Hampden Sydney; Randolph-Macon; Bridgewater; Roanoke College (basketball only); and Lynchburg College (basketball only). The first team all Big-Six team included Beard, Petty and Preas, plus center Jack Prater and guard Billy Kerfoot.
Schedule
Game summaries
NC State
Howie Wright scored two touchdowns to lead the Gobblers to their first victory of the year, beating NC State, 30–21. After falling behind 7–0 in the first quarter, Wright took a handoff from quarterback Johnny Dean and raced 67 yards to knot the score. The Tech defense did not allow the Wolfpack a first down in the second or third quarters, and in fact put the Gobblers in front 9–7 when George Preas tossed the NC State quarterback in the end zone for a safety. On the drive following the free kick, Bill Cranwell took the ball in from the six, capping a 12-play drive. After leading 16–7 at the half, the Techmen scored on another run by Wright, this one from the one. After NC State matched that score with a touchdown return on the ensuing kickoff, quarterback Dean gave the Gobblers their final tally from one-yard out. The Gobblers had taken the ball into NC State territory after an interception by Cranwell. They held on for the 30–21 win. VPI had 317 yards on the ground, and had a total of 19 first downs. Dickie Beard was 4-for-4 on extra point tries.
Wake Forest
Howie Wright and Johnny Dean each accounted for two touchdowns as the Gobblers shut out Wake Forest in the sixth Tobacco Bowl played in Richmond, Virginia. Both of Wright's scores were over 60 yards, with the first coming on a 62-yard completion by Dean, and the second on a 64-yard jaunt off right tackle. Dean also had a one-yard score to begin the onslaught in the first quarter. The Tech defense was brutal against the Wake air attack, intercepting six passes, two of those by Wright, who plays in both the offensive and defensive backfields. Bill Cranwell and Billy Anderson also scored for the Techmen.
Clemson
Tech beat its third Atlantic Coast Conference team in three weeks when it ran up an 18–0 lead by halftime and held on for an 18–7 upset win over Clemson. Johnny Dean scored twice following a first period touchdown by Dickie Beard. Dean also had an interception. Beard had a total of 74 yards on 17 carriers. The win was the first for the Gobblers over Clemson in five tries stretching over 20 years.
Richmond
Sixteenth-ranked Richmond Tech had to come from behind in the second quarter, and overcome the loss of its first string quarterback, to win against the Richmond Spiders. Johnny Dean, who had starred for the Gobblers in its first three wins, scored the game's first touchdown, but had to be taken from the field on a stretcher after breaking his ankle. Howie Wright was also injured and had to leave the game. It was the Gobblers' second win in Richmond City Stadium in three games.
Virginia
Dickie Cranwell passed 20-yards to Grover Jones in the end zone to cap a 73-yard second period drive which accounted for all the scoring in the 6–0 rivalry win for 14th-ranked VPI over Virginia. The game was played at Victory Stadium in Roanoke. Cranwell, a sophomore, was starting his first game in place of quarterback Johnny Dean. Dickie Beard led the defense, intercepting three UVA passes. The game assured the Gobblers of an undefeated record against Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) teams. 1954 was Virginia's first season in the ACC, a very sore subject with the Hokies. UVA, instead of Tech, had been the new conference's selection to bridge the gap between Maryland and the Carolinas. (At the time, Maryland's Terrapins were a national power, important for the prominence of the conference. So the league opted to become a four-state, instead of two-state league. However, it limited the size to eight schools). By the end of the season, the Gobblers made a satirical claim that it was in fact the ACC champion, since it had won as many games against conference teams as any other team in the conference. In reality, Tech did not beat Maryland, which finished as the actual conference champion with a 4–0 record. So its claim should have been it was co-champion.
William & Mary
Virginia Tech scored a late touchdown to escape with a 7–7 tie against William & Mary, enough to preserve ts undefeated status, but not enough to keep its hopes of a perfect season alive. The game was played before the largest crowd (16,000) to ever watch a game in Blacksburg. Billy Anderson scored from three yards out with just under four minutes remaining, and Dickie Beard was successful on the extra point kick to avoid completely ruining homecoming for the Tech faithful. William & Mary scored early in the game on a 55-yard run by the Tribe's Doug Henley. While Tech's offense was dominating, rolling up 314 yards on the ground, the team was unable to move the ball when it counted until the final drive. The Tech defense was also dominating aside from the one long run in the first quarter. Aside from the long touchdown, the Techmen only gave up another 36 yards.
George Washington
Tech jumped out to a 14–0 lead and held on against the George Washington in a game played on a Friday night at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C. The Hokies hit on six of seven passes and three of those completions were touchdowns. Dickie Cranwell threw two TDS, one to Grover Jones and one to Tom Petty. Billy Anderson threw a halfback pass to a wide-open Bob Luttrell for the third score.
Waynesburg
gave Tech all it could handle in the first half before succumbing to the heavily favored Gobblers 20–6. Waynesburg, coming into Blacksburg with a five-game winning streak, struck first, scoring on the fifth play after Tech coughed up the ball on its own 26. The extra point failed, but the Yellow Jackets held on to the 6–0 lead until less than one minute to play in the first half. With 59 seconds left in the stanza, QB Billy Cranwell threw to Tom Petty for the score, and freshman Wayne Webster successfully kicked the extra point. In the second half, Dickie Beard was part of both Tech touchdowns, throwing a halfback pass to Petty for one score, and returning an intercepted pass for a 79-yard touchdown to wrap things up. (Waynesburg was a lower-division program, eligible at the time to place its players on the "Little All-America" team, now composed of Division II, Division III and NAIA teams).
VMI
In what was referred to as the "Military Clash of the South," the Gobblers turned on the burners after a slow first quarter to VMI, 46–9 in Roanoke's Victory Stadium in the traditional Thanksgiving Day tilt. VMI held a 2–0 lead, and was threatening to score an offensive score when the Techmen held at their six. Halfback Dickie Beard then threw his second pass of the season, and the second one resulting in a touchdown, when the Gobblers caught VMI off-guard on a 69-yard trick play that wound up in Tom Petty's hands. Tech led 14–9 when Dick Ebert scored on a 12-yard run. Don Divers then scored the next two touchdowns for the Gobblers, both on intercepted pass returns, the first for 42 yards and the other for 67. Cranwell hit Petty for his fifth receiving score of the year, Beard ran for a touchdown. Bobby Scruggs ran for the final tally.
Rankings
Players
The following players were members of the 1954 football team.
References
VPI
Virginia Tech Hokies football seasons
College football undefeated seasons
VPI Gobblers football |
Valle Hermoso may refer to:
Argentina: Valle Hermoso, Córdoba
Chile: Valle Hermoso, Valparaíso
Mexico: Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas
United States: Valle Hermoso, Texas
See also
Vallehermoso (disambiguation) |
```prolog
#!/usr/bin/env perl
#
#
#
# **********
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#
# **********
#
# **********
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
#
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
#
# **********
#
# Purpose
#
# This script migrates application source code from the mbed TLS 1.3 API to the
# mbed TLS 2.0 API.
#
# The script processes the given source code and renames identifiers - functions
# types, enums etc, as
#
# Usage: rename.pl [-f datafile] [-s] [--] [filenames...]
#
use warnings;
use strict;
use utf8;
use Path::Class;
use open qw(:std utf8);
my $usage = "Usage: $0 [-f datafile] [-s] [--] [filenames...]\n";
(my $datafile = $0) =~ s/rename.pl$/data_files\/rename-1.3-2.0.txt/;
my $do_strings = 0;
while( @ARGV && $ARGV[0] =~ /^-/ ) {
my $opt = shift;
if( $opt eq '--' ) {
last;
} elsif( $opt eq '-f' ) {
$datafile = shift;
} elsif( $opt eq '-s' ) {
$do_strings = 1; shift;
} else {
die $usage;
}
}
my %subst;
open my $nfh, '<', $datafile or die "Could not read $datafile\n";
my $ident = qr/[_A-Za-z][_A-Za-z0-9]*/;
while( my $line = <$nfh> ) {
chomp $line;
my ( $old, $new ) = ( $line =~ /^($ident)\s+($ident)$/ );
if( ! $old || ! $new ) {
die "$0: $datafile:$.: bad input '$line'\n";
}
$subst{$old} = $new;
}
close $nfh or die;
my $string = qr/"(?:\\.|[^\\"])*"/;
my $space = qr/\s+/;
my $idnum = qr/[a-zA-Z0-9_]+/;
my $symbols = qr/[-!#\$%&'()*+,.\/:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{|}~]+|"/;
my $lib_include_dir = dir($0)->parent->parent->subdir('include', 'mbedtls');
my $lib_source_dir = dir($0)->parent->parent->subdir('library');
# if we replace inside strings, we don't consider them a token
my $token = $do_strings ? qr/$space|$idnum|$symbols/
: qr/$string|$space|$idnum|$symbols/;
my %warnings;
# If no files were passed, exit...
if ( not defined($ARGV[0]) ){ die $usage; }
while( my $filename = shift )
{
print STDERR "$filename... ";
if( dir($filename)->parent eq $lib_include_dir ||
dir($filename)->parent eq $lib_source_dir )
{
die "Script cannot be executed on the mbed TLS library itself.";
}
if( -d $filename ) { print STDERR "skip (directory)\n"; next }
open my $rfh, '<', $filename or die;
my @lines = <$rfh>;
close $rfh or die;
my @out;
for my $line (@lines) {
if( $line =~ /#include/ ) {
$line =~ s/polarssl/mbedtls/;
$line =~ s/POLARSSL/MBEDTLS/;
push( @out, $line );
next;
}
my @words = ($line =~ /$token/g);
my $checkline = join '', @words;
if( $checkline eq $line ) {
my @new = map { exists $subst{$_} ? $subst{$_} : $_ } @words;
push( @out, join '', @new );
} else {
$warnings{$filename} = [] unless $warnings{$filename};
push @{ $warnings{$filename} }, $line;
push( @out, $line );
}
}
open my $wfh, '>', $filename or die;
print $wfh $_ for @out;
close $wfh or die;
print STDERR "done\n";
}
if( %warnings ) {
print "\nWarning: lines skipped due to unexpected characters:\n";
for my $filename (sort keys %warnings) {
print "in $filename:\n";
print for @{ $warnings{$filename} };
}
}
``` |
Willis Franklin Overton, Jr. is an American psychologist whose research is in the fields of clinical and developmental psychology. He is the Thaddeus L. Bolton Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Temple University, where he was the chair of the psychology department from 2000 to 2006. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association's Divisions 7 (Developmental Psychology), 12 (Clinical Psychology), and 20 (Adult Development & Aging). He was formerly the president of the Jean Piaget Society and the Society for the Study of Human Development.
References
External links
Faculty page
Faculty website
Living people
People from Norwalk, Connecticut
Boston University alumni
Clark University alumni
Temple University faculty
American developmental psychologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
American clinical psychologists |
Hilda Bernstein OLG (15 May 1915 – 8 September 2006) was a British-born author, artist, and an activist against apartheid and for women's rights.
She was born Hilda Schwarz in London, England, and emigrated to South Africa at the age of 18 years, becoming active in politics. She married fellow activist Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein in March 1941, and together they played prominent roles in the struggle to end apartheid in South Africa. After her husband was tried and acquitted in the Rivonia Trial in 1964, government harassment forced them to flee to Botswana, an ordeal described in her 1967 book The World that was Ours, which was republished by Persephone Books in 2004. They lived in Britain for some years where she further established herself internationally as a speaker, writer, and artist. She returned with her husband to South Africa in 1994 for the South African election in which fellow activist Nelson Mandela was elected President. She died at the age of 91 in Cape Town, South Africa.
Early life
Bernstein was born in London, England, to Russian-Jewish immigrants Simeon and Dora Schwarz. In 1925, when she was 10 years old, her father, who was a lifelong Bolshevik and had been the Russian Trade Attaché to Britain, was recalled to the Soviet Union. He was not able to return to Britain, and after his death she quit school to work, before emigrating to South Africa at the age of 18 to work in journalism.
Activism in South Africa
In response to the rise of fascism in Europe, she became involved with the Labour Party. This party, however, did not share her growing concern with apartheid and she left it to join the South African Communist Party, the only South African party with no racial segregation. She demonstrated her speaking and organizing skills on the party's district committee and national executive committee.
Through her political activities she met Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein, whom she married in March 1941.
In 1943 she was elected to the city council of Johannesburg by a then all-white electorate, the only member of the Communist Party to do so. She used this position for three years as a platform for publicizing the injustices of racism.
In the 1950s she became more focused on organizing with women. She was a founding member of the multi-racial Federation of South African Women in 1956, and she was one of the organizers of the Women's March to Pretoria. Her writings were appearing regularly in periodicals in South Africa and other nations in Africa and Europe.
As early as 1946 the South African government began its attempts to limit her activities and minimize her political influence. In that year she was convicted of assisting an illegal strike of black mineworkers. In 1953 the government banned her membership in a list of organizations, and in 1958 extended this ban to prohibit her from writing or publishing. In 1960 she was detained during the state of emergency declared after the Sharpeville massacre. She was therefore required to go underground with her political work.
In 1963 her husband Rusty was one of 19 African National Congress (ANC) leaders arrested at Johannesburg suburb of Rivonia. Rusty was acquitted at the Rivonia Trial, but was soon rearrested and released on bail to house arrest. Hilda Bernstein fled from their home as the police were on the way to arrest her. They fled to Botswana, crossing the border on foot.
Life in exile
In exile, the Bernsteins eventually settled in Britain, where they continued to work in support of the African National Congress. She also dedicated her written and oral communication skills to the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the British peace movement. Her writings and speaking engagements were numerous in Europe, the United States, and Canada.
She wrote several books, including The World That Was Ours (1967), which documented their flight from South Africa. Her 1983 novel, Death is Part of the Process, was made into a BBC television drama. She also dedicated more time to her art, which appeared in several shows and became part of many public and private collections. Her artwork was also used in many publications for the Anti-Apartheid Movement.
Return to South Africa
Rusty and Hilda Bernstein returned to South Africa in 1994 to participate in the South African election which was the first democratic election where all races were allowed to vote, and see the end of apartheid and their fellow ANC member Nelson Mandela become president.
In 1998, both Rusty and Hilda were awarded honorary degrees from the University of Natal for their role in helping to bring democracy to South Africa. Rusty died at their home in 2002.
In 2004 she was awarded the Luthuli Silver Award for her "contribution to the attainment of gender equality and a free and democratic society" in South Africa. She died from heart failure at the age of 91 at her home in Cape Town, South Africa. She was survived by their four children: Toni, Patrick, Frances, and Keith Bernstein.
In March 2011, the country of Gambia issued a postage stamp in her honour, naming her as one of the Legendary Heroes of Africa.
Published works
The World That Was Ours (Persephone Books, 1967. Reissued in 2009, )
The Terrorism of Torture
For Their Triumphs and for Their Tears: Women in Apartheid South Africa (Africa Fund, 1985, )
Steve Biko (Victor Kamkin, 1978, )
No. 46: Steve Biko (Victor Kamkin, 1978, )
Death is Part of the Process (Sinclair Browne, 1983, )
The Rift: The Exile Experience of South Africans
A World of One's Own (reprinted as Separation, Corvo Books, )
The Trials of Nelson Mandela
See also
List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid
Sources
"Hilda Bernstein, 91, Author and Anti-Apartheid Activist, Dies", Associated Press, The New York Times, 13 September 2006.
"Hilda Bernstein Obituary", Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein – South African freedom fighter – tribute website, Patrick Bernstein. (Retrieved 13 September 2006)
References
External links
"Hilda Bernstein", Guernica Gallery of Graphic Arts
"Hilda Bernstein Obituary", at Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein – South African freedom fighter – tribute website
"Hilda Bernstein Pictures" at Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein – South African freedom fighter – tribute website
The Federation of South African women
The march on Pretoria
1915 births
2006 deaths
South African Jews
Jewish South African anti-apartheid activists
South African people of Russian-Jewish descent
White South African anti-apartheid activists
South African Communist Party politicians
Members of the Order of Luthuli
British emigrants to South Africa |
```objective-c
/*your_sha256_hash------------*/
/**
* This confidential and proprietary software may be used only as
* authorised by a licensing agreement from ARM Limited
* (C) COPYRIGHT 2011-2012 ARM Limited
* ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
*
* The entire notice above must be reproduced on all authorised
* copies and copies may only be made to the extent permitted
* by a licensing agreement from ARM Limited.
*
* @brief Soft IEEE-754 floating point library.
*/
/*your_sha256_hash------------*/
#ifndef SOFTFLOAT_H_INCLUDED
#define SOFTFLOAT_H_INCLUDED
#if defined __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#endif
#if defined __cplusplus && !defined(_MSC_VER)
/* if compiling as C++, we need to define these macros in order to obtain all the macros in stdint.h . */
#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
#include <stdint.h>
#else
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef signed char int8_t;
typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
typedef signed short int16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
typedef signed int int32_t;
#endif
uint32_t clz32(uint32_t p);
/* targets that don't have UINT32_C probably don't have the rest of C99s stdint.h */
#ifndef UINT32_C
#define PASTE(a) a
#define UINT64_C(a) PASTE(a##ULL)
#define UINT32_C(a) PASTE(a##U)
#define INT64_C(a) PASTE(a##LL)
#define INT32_C(a) a
#define PRIX32 "X"
#define PRId32 "d"
#define PRIu32 "u"
#define PRIX64 "LX"
#define PRId64 "Ld"
#define PRIu64 "Lu"
#endif
/* sized soft-float types. These are mapped to the sized integer types of C99, instead of C's
floating-point types; this is because the library needs to maintain exact, bit-level control on all
operations on these data types. */
typedef uint16_t sf16;
typedef uint32_t sf32;
/* the five rounding modes that IEEE-754r defines */
typedef enum {
SF_UP = 0, /* round towards positive infinity */
SF_DOWN = 1, /* round towards negative infinity */
SF_TOZERO = 2, /* round towards zero */
SF_NEARESTEVEN = 3, /* round toward nearest value; if mid-between, round to even value */
SF_NEARESTAWAY = 4 /* round toward nearest value; if mid-between, round away from zero */
} roundmode;
/* narrowing float->float conversions */
sf16 sf32_to_sf16(sf32, roundmode);
/* widening float->float conversions */
sf32 sf16_to_sf32(sf16);
sf16 float_to_sf16(float, roundmode);
float sf16_to_float(sf16);
#if defined __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif
``` |
This is a list of school districts in Newfoundland and Labrador.
Newfoundland and Labrador English School District
Conseil Scolaire Francophone
Former school districts:
Eastern School District of Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Central School District
References
School districts
Newfoundland and Labrador, school districts
Education in Newfoundland and Labrador |
Philip Schuyler Crooke (March 2, 1810 – March 17, 1881) was a United States representative from New York.
Born in Poughkeepsie, he graduated from Dutchess Academy, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1831, and commenced practice in Brooklyn. He moved to Flatbush in 1838 and was a member of the Board of Supervisors of Kings County from 1844 to 1852, and from 1858 to 1870, and chairman of the board in 1861, 1862, 1864 and 1865. He was a presidential elector in 1852, voting for Franklin Pierce and William R. King; and was a Republican Union member of the New York State Assembly (Kings Co., 1st D.) in 1864.
Military service
He served forty years in the National Guard of the State of New York, from private to brigadier general.
During the Civil War, Crooke commanded the Fifth Brigade, National Guard. He led his force into Pennsylvania in June and July 1863 during the "Emergency of 1863". Crooke's troops served on the Department of the Susquehanna under Maj. Gen. Darius Couch, and helped man the defenses of Harrisburg against a threatened attack by Confederates under Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell. When the Confederates retired to Virginia following the Battle of Gettysburg, Crooke and his men returned to New York for the duration of the war.
Residence
Crooke lived in the historic Jans Martense Schenck house in the Flatlands section of Brooklyn. The house was inherited by his wife. The house came to be known as the "Martense-Crooke house". The original 2 room portion of the home was rebuilt in the Brooklyn Museum.
Congress
Crooke was elected as a Republican to the 43rd United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1875. Afterwards he resumed the practice of law. He died in Flatbush; interment was in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn.
References
1810 births
1881 deaths
People from Flatlands, Brooklyn
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly
1852 United States presidential electors
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
19th-century American politicians |
The Erie Federal Courthouse and Post Office, also known as Erie Federal Courthouse, in Erie, Pennsylvania, is a complex of buildings that serve as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, and house other federal functions. The main courthouse building was built in 1937 in Moderne architecture style. It served historically as a courthouse, as a post office, and as a government office building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
By the late 1980s, the federal courts needed more space to effectively serve the public. To resolve the space shortage, the General Services Administration undertook a bold plan to purchase, restore, and adaptively use two adjacent historic buildings: the Main Library and the Isaac Baker & Son Clothing Store. The existing courthouse was rehabilitated and two additions were constructed. Each of the buildings in the complex is of a different architectural style.
Building history
1887 Courthouse
The first United States courthouse in Erie had been constructed at this location in 1888 under the supervision of Mifflin E. Bell., also in the service of the Western District of Pennsylvania. This building also served as a post office. It was demolished to make way for the existing 1938 courthouse.
Buildings of the modern courthouse complex
The 1938 courthouse was designed by Rudolph Stanley-Brown, a Cleveland architect who was the grandson of President James A. Garfield. Built during the Great Depression with funds from New Deal programs, its construction provided local jobs. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. However, the Erie Public Library, completed in 1899 and incorporated into the United States Courthouse complex in the 1980s, is the oldest building in the complex. The Library was designed by the firm of Alden & Harlow of Pittsburgh, and was individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
The 1947 Baker Building was originally a clothing store. Isaac Baker and Son established its first store in the 1850s at another downtown location. When fire destroyed an earlier building, the proprietor hired Erie architect Walter Monahan and consulting architect George Mayer of Cleveland to design a new building. Construction of the building occurred during the period 1943-1946 by the Henry Shenk Company, a prominent Erie general contractor. Shenk had constructed the adjacent Erie Library, over 40 years earlier, and his company was quite large when it began constructing the Baker Building. Work was stopped on the building shortly after it began, because of the constrictions imposed by World War II; however, it resumed in 1945 and was substantially completed in 1946. The Baker Building was also determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
The new portions are the Courthouse Annex and the Connector, which unite the annex, library, and courthouse. Both are clearly modern. The design and restoration was completed in 2004 by DPK&A Architects and Kingsland Scott Bauer Associates.
Architecture
The courthouse complex overlooks Perry Square, a park named to honor Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry. Other major buildings front the square, creating a monumental town center. The buildings that now comprise the courthouse complex have distinct architectural styles.
Main Library
The Erie Public Library combines elements of the Beaux Arts Classicism and Second Renaissance Revival styles of architecture. Both were commonly used at the end of the nineteenth century to convey the importance of public buildings.
1937 courthouse
The 1938 courthouse was designed in the Stripped Classical style, which was commonly used for Federal buildings constructed during the Great Depression. The building has the monumental scale and form of earlier classically inspired Federal architecture, but lavish ornamentation commonly found on buildings from previous eras is stripped away. The building is clad in Indiana limestone with polished black granite accenting the building base and entrance area. Carved soapstone panels with a Greek key motif are on the second level. On the interior, the vestibules, lobbies, and corridors are clad with blue terra-cotta wainscot. Ceramic tile floors are bordered with another Greek key pattern. Two original courtrooms remain and are elaborately finished with paneled wood wainscot. Two related sculptures entitled "American Youth" flank the courtrooms. Completed by sculptor Henry Kreis shortly after the building was completed, the minimal forms are compatible with the architectural style of the courthouse.
Baker Building
The Baker Building is a two-story Moderne style building, situated on the northeast corner of State and Seventh Streets. The Baker Building is one of the best surviving examples of the Art Moderne style of architecture found in Erie. It displays all of the character-defining features of the style, including rounded corners, curved glass-block panels, a metal canopy, and a flat roof. The façade is clad in buff-colored brick and is smooth and devoid of ornamentation, also common characteristics. Because of these significant architectural features, the Baker Building was integrated into the plan for the complex as a U.S. Post Office, although a portion of the rear was demolished.
Its massing is horizontal and rectangular, with a juxtaposed rounded corner facing the intersection. This is the focus of the building and it contains the sign "BAKER'S" at the top of the parapet, and the recessed entrance doors at street level. The corner of the building is supported on two black marble columns that contain flanking, recessed, curved display windows. The curving, horizontal lines of the corner are further reinforced with a cantilevered, brush-chrome canopy that starts on the east elevation and sweeps around to the north elevation. The center of the second floor at the rounded corner is articulated with a large, square, glass block opening that is backlit with vertical fluorescent lights. Elsewhere, the exterior of the building is devoid of ornamentation, except for several additional glass block openings on the second floor.
The plan of the shop utilizes strategically placed curved partitions to draw the shopper's eye deep into the store. Mezzanines, balconies, and two-story spaces are also positioned to break up the uniformity of the space and provide transition from a room on one level to other rooms on other levels. In addition, balcony railings are long and curving, and subtly evoke a nautical image.
The front (west) portion of the shop contains a rounded, two story entrance space that contains a second floor balcony from to gaze down, while upstairs. Directly behind this space is a retail area that contains, on its east end, a multilevel stairway designed to permits shoppers to climb a full flight up to the second floor above, or half a flight down or up to the retail areas in the rear of the store. Support spaces for tailoring, fitting, offices, and air handling were situated around the perimeter of the store. Aside from a small sign on the top of the cantilevered canopy, very little has changed in the building. The curving entrance on the corner, accentuated with the glass block, and the curved, multilevel spaces inside the building, were only been minimally altered during the nearly five decades of commercial use. These features are distinctive, and combine to illustrate the Moderne style in its complete form.
The Moderne style of commercial architecture was not prominent in Erie, and no other examples known to survive display the level of completeness and intactness exhibited by the Baker Building.
Significant events
1899: Library completed
1938: U.S Courthouse completed
1947: Baker Building completed
1979: Library listed in the National Register of Historic Places
1993: Courthouse listed in the National Register of Historic Places
2004: Construction and restoration of new U.S. Courthouse complex completed
Building facts
Location: Bounded by South Park Row, State Street, 7th Street, and French Street
Architects:
Library: Alden & Harlow;
Federal Building: Rudolph Stanley-Brown;
Baker Building: Walter Monahan and George Mayer;
Connector and Annex: DPK&A Architects and Kingsland Scott Bauer Associates
Construction Dates:
Library: 1899;
Federal Building: 1938;
Baker Building: 1947;
Connector and Annex: 2004
Landmark Status: Library and Federal Building listed in the National Register of Historic Places; Baker Building eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
Architectural Styles:
Library: Beaux Arts Classicism and Second Renaissance Revival;
Federal Building: Stripped Classical;
Baker Building: Art Moderne;
Connector and Annex: Modern Contemporary
Primary Materials:
Library: Pompeian Red Brick;
Federal Building: Indiana Limestone;
Baker Building: Buff-Colored Brick;
Connector and Annex: Glass and Indiana Limestone;
Prominent Features:
Library: Rotunda with Murals;
Federal Building: Austere Facade;
Baker Building: Curved Facade;
Connector and Annex: Steel and 35' Glass Windows with Geometric Patterns
See also
List of United States federal courthouses
National Register of Historic Places listings in Erie County, Pennsylvania
Attribution
References
External links
Erie Division (W.D. Pa.)
[ National Register of Historic Places nomination form]
Beaux-Arts architecture in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Erie, Pennsylvania
Courthouses in Pennsylvania
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Federal courthouses in the United States
Government buildings completed in 1937
Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
Moderne architecture in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Erie County, Pennsylvania
Post office buildings in Pennsylvania
Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Streamline Moderne architecture in Pennsylvania |
```pascal
{$INCLUDE doomrl.inc}
unit doomgfxio;
interface
uses vglquadrenderer, vgltypes, vluaconfig, vioevent, viotypes, vuielement, vimage,
vrltools, vutil,
doomio, doomspritemap, doomanimation, dfdata;
type
{ TDoomGFXIO }
TDoomGFXIO = class( TDoomIO )
constructor Create; reintroduce;
procedure Reconfigure( aConfig : TLuaConfig ); override;
procedure Configure( aConfig : TLuaConfig; aReload : Boolean = False ); override;
procedure Update( aMSec : DWord ); override;
function RunUILoop( aElement : TUIElement = nil ) : DWord; override;
function OnEvent( const event : TIOEvent ) : Boolean; override;
procedure UpdateMinimap;
destructor Destroy; override;
function ChooseTarget( aActionName : string; aRange: byte; aLimitRange : Boolean; aTargets: TAutoTarget; aShowLast: Boolean): TCoord2D; override;
procedure WaitForAnimation; override;
function AnimationsRunning : Boolean; override;
procedure Mark( aCoord : TCoord2D; aColor : Byte; aChar : Char; aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord = 0 ); override;
procedure Blink( aColor : Byte; aDuration : Word = 100; aDelay : DWord = 0); override;
procedure addMoveAnimation( aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord; aUID : TUID; aFrom, aTo : TCoord2D; aSprite : TSprite ); override;
procedure addScreenMoveAnimation( aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord; aTo : TCoord2D ); override;
procedure addCellAnimation( aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord; aCoord : TCoord2D; aSprite : TSprite; aValue : Integer ); override;
procedure addMissileAnimation( aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord; aSource, aTarget : TCoord2D; aColor : Byte; aPic : Char; aDrawDelay : Word; aSprite : TSprite; aRay : Boolean = False ); override;
procedure addMarkAnimation( aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord; aCoord : TCoord2D; aColor : Byte; aPic : Char ); override;
procedure addSoundAnimation( aDelay : DWord; aPosition : TCoord2D; aSoundID : DWord ); override;
procedure DeviceChanged;
function DeviceCoordToConsoleCoord( aCoord : TIOPoint ) : TIOPoint; override;
function ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( aCoord : TIOPoint ) : TIOPoint; override;
procedure RenderUIBackground( aUL, aBR : TIOPoint ); override;
protected
procedure ExplosionMark( aCoord : TCoord2D; aColor : Byte; aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord ); override;
procedure SetTarget( aTarget : TCoord2D; aColor : Byte; aRange : Byte ); override;
function FullScreenCallback( aEvent : TIOEvent ) : Boolean;
procedure ResetVideoMode;
procedure ReuploadTextures;
procedure RecalculateScaling( aInitialize : Boolean );
procedure CalculateConsoleParams;
procedure SetMinimapScale( aScale : Byte );
private
FQuadSheet : TGLQuadList;
FTextSheet : TGLQuadList;
FPostSheet : TGLQuadList;
FQuadRenderer: TGLQuadRenderer;
FProjection : TMatrix44;
FFontMult : Byte;
FTileMult : Byte;
FMiniScale : Byte;
FLinespace : Word;
FVPadding : DWord;
FCellX : Integer;
FCellY : Integer;
FFontSizeX : Byte;
FFontSizeY : Byte;
FFullscreen : Boolean;
FLastMouseTime : QWord;
FMouseLock : Boolean;
FMCursor : TDoomMouseCursor;
FMinimapImage : TImage;
FMinimapTexture : DWord;
FMinimapScale : Integer;
FMinimapGLPos : TGLVec2i;
FAnimations : TAnimationManager;
public
property QuadSheet : TGLQuadList read FQuadSheet;
property TextSheet : TGLQuadList read FTextSheet;
property PostSheet : TGLQuadList read FPostSheet;
property FontMult : Byte read FFontMult;
property TileMult : Byte read FTileMult;
property MCursor : TDoomMouseCursor read FMCursor;
end;
implementation
uses {$IFDEF WINDOWS}windows,{$ENDIF}
classes, sysutils, math,
vdebug, vlog, vmath, vdf, vgl3library, vtigstyle,
vglimage, vsdlio, vbitmapfont, vcolor, vglconsole, vioconsole,
dfplayer,
doombase, doomtextures, doomconfiguration;
const ConsoleSizeX = 80;
ConsoleSizeY = 25;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.RecalculateScaling( aInitialize : Boolean );
var iWidth : Integer;
iHeight : Integer;
iOldFontMult : Integer;
iOldTileMult : Integer;
iOldMiniScale : Integer;
begin
iWidth := FIODriver.GetSizeX;
iHeight := FIODriver.GetSizeY;
iOldFontMult := FFontMult;
iOldTileMult := FTileMult;
iOldMiniScale := FMiniScale;
FFontMult := Configuration.GetInteger( 'font_multiplier' );
FTileMult := Configuration.GetInteger( 'tile_multiplier' );
FMiniScale := Configuration.GetInteger( 'minimap_multiplier' );
if FFontMult = 0 then
if (iWidth >= 1600) and (iHeight >= 900)
then FFontMult := 2
else FFontMult := 1;
if FTileMult = 0 then
if (iWidth >= 1050) and (iHeight >= 1050)
then FTileMult := 2
else FTileMult := 1;
if FMiniScale = 0 then
begin
FMiniScale := iWidth div 220;
FMiniScale := Max( 3, FMiniScale );
FMiniScale := Min( 9, FMiniScale );
end;
if aInitialize then Exit;
if FMiniScale <> iOldMiniScale then
SetMinimapScale( FMiniScale );
if FTileMult <> iOldTileMult then
begin
SpriteMap.Recalculate;
if Player <> nil then
SpriteMap.NewShift := SpriteMap.ShiftValue( Player.Position );
end;
if FFontMult <> iOldFontMult then
begin
CalculateConsoleParams;
TGLConsoleRenderer( FConsole ).SetPositionScale( (FIODriver.GetSizeX - ConsoleSizeX*FFontSizeX*FFontMult) div 2, 0, FLineSpace, FFontMult );
end;
end;
constructor TDoomGFXIO.Create;
var iCoreData : TVDataFile;
iImage : TImage;
iFontTexture: TTextureID;
iFont : TBitmapFont;
iStream : TStream;
iSDLFlags : TSDLIOFlags;
iMode : TIODisplayMode;
iFontName : Ansistring;
iWidth : Integer;
iHeight : Integer;
begin
FLastMouseTime := 0;
FMouseLock := True;
FLoading := nil;
IO := Self;
FVPadding := 0;
FFontMult := 1;
FTileMult := 1;
FMCursor := nil;
Textures := nil;
{$IFDEF WINDOWS}
if not GodMode then
begin
FreeConsole;
vdebug.DebugWriteln := nil;
end
else
begin
Logger.AddSink( TConsoleLogSink.Create( LOGDEBUG, True ) );
end;
{$ENDIF}
FFullscreen := Configuration.GetBoolean( 'fullscreen' );
iWidth := Configuration.GetInteger( 'screen_width' );
iHeight := Configuration.GetInteger( 'screen_height' );
iSDLFlags := [ SDLIO_OpenGL ];
if FFullscreen then Include( iSDLFlags, SDLIO_Fullscreen );
FIODriver := TSDLIODriver.Create( iWidth, iHeight, 32, iSDLFlags );
begin
Log('Display modes (%d)', [FIODriver.DisplayModes.Size] );
Log('-------');
for iMode in FIODriver.DisplayModes do
Log('%d x %d @%d', [ iMode.Width, iMode.Height, iMode.Refresh ] );
Log('-------');
end;
Textures := TDoomTextures.Create;
iFontName := 'font10x18.png';
FFontSizeX := 10;
FFontSizeY := 18;
if GodMode then
iImage := LoadImage(iFontName)
else
begin
iCoreData := TVDataFile.Create(DataPath+'drl.wad');
iCoreData.DKKey := LoveLace;
iStream := iCoreData.GetFile( iFontName, 'fonts' );
iImage := LoadImage( iStream, iStream.Size );
FreeAndNil( iStream );
FreeAndNil( iCoreData );
end;
iFontTexture := Textures.AddImage( iFontName, iImage, Option_Blending );
Textures[ iFontTexture ].Image.SubstituteColor( ColorBlack, ColorZero );
Textures[ iFontTexture ].Upload;
iFont := TBitmapFont.CreateFromGrid( iFontTexture, 32, 256-32, 32 );
RecalculateScaling( True );
CalculateConsoleParams;
FConsole := TGLConsoleRenderer.Create( iFont, ConsoleSizeX, ConsoleSizeY, FLineSpace, [VIO_CON_CURSOR, VIO_CON_BGCOLOR, VIO_CON_EXTCOLOR ] );
TGLConsoleRenderer( FConsole ).SetPositionScale(
(FIODriver.GetSizeX - ConsoleSizeX*FFontSizeX*FFontMult) div 2,
0,
FLineSpace,
FFontMult
);
SpriteMap := TDoomSpriteMap.Create;
FMCursor := TDoomMouseCursor.Create;
TSDLIODriver( FIODriver ).ShowMouse( False );
//RRGGBBAA
VTIGDefaultStyle.Color[ VTIG_BACKGROUND_COLOR ] := $10000000;
VTIGDefaultStyle.Color[ VTIG_SELECTED_BACKGROUND_COLOR ] := $442222FF;
VTIGDefaultStyle.Color[ VTIG_INPUT_TEXT_COLOR ] := LightGray;
VTIGDefaultStyle.Color[ VTIG_INPUT_BACKGROUND_COLOR ] := $442222FF;
inherited Create;
FQuadSheet := TGLQuadList.Create;
FTextSheet := TGLQuadList.Create;
FPostSheet := TGLQuadList.Create;
FQuadRenderer := TGLQuadRenderer.Create;
FMinimapScale := 0;
FMinimapTexture := 0;
FMinimapGLPos := TGLVec2i.Create( 0, 0 );
FMinimapImage := TImage.Create( 128, 32 );
FMinimapImage.Fill( NewColor( 0,0,0,0 ) );
SetMinimapScale( FMiniScale );
FAnimations := TAnimationManager.Create;
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.Reconfigure(aConfig: TLuaConfig);
var iWidth : Integer;
iHeight : Integer;
begin
iWidth := Configuration.GetInteger('screen_width');
iHeight := Configuration.GetInteger('screen_height');
if ( ( iWidth > 0 ) and ( iWidth <> FIODriver.GetSizeX ) ) or
( ( iHeight > 0 ) and ( iHeight <> FIODriver.GetSizeY ) ) or
( Configuration.GetBoolean('fullscreen') <> FFullscreen ) then
begin
FFullscreen := Configuration.GetBoolean('fullscreen');
ResetVideoMode;
end
else
RecalculateScaling( False );
inherited Reconfigure(aConfig);
end;
destructor TDoomGFXIO.Destroy;
begin
FreeAndNil( FMCursor );
FreeAndNil( FQuadSheet );
FreeAndNil( FTextSheet );
FreeAndNil( FPostSheet );
FreeAndNil( FQuadRenderer );
FreeAndNil( FMinimapImage );
FreeAndNil( FAnimations );
FreeAndNil( SpriteMap );
FreeAndNil( Textures );
inherited Destroy;
end;
function TDoomGFXIO.ChooseTarget( aActionName : string; aRange: byte; aLimitRange : Boolean; aTargets: TAutoTarget; aShowLast: Boolean ): TCoord2D;
begin
ChooseTarget := inherited ChooseTarget( aActionName, aRange, aLimitRange, aTargets, aShowLast );
SpriteMap.ClearTarget;
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.WaitForAnimation;
begin
inherited WaitForAnimation;
FAnimations.Clear;
end;
function TDoomGFXIO.AnimationsRunning : Boolean;
begin
if Doom.State <> DSPlaying then Exit(False);
Exit( not FAnimations.Finished );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.Mark( aCoord: TCoord2D; aColor: Byte; aChar: Char; aDuration: DWord; aDelay: DWord );
begin
FAnimations.AddAnimation( TDoomMark.Create( aDuration, aDelay, aCoord ) );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.Blink( aColor : Byte; aDuration : Word = 100; aDelay : DWord = 0);
begin
if not Setting_NoFlash then
FAnimations.AddAnimation( TDoomBlink.Create(aDuration,aDelay,aColor) );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.addMoveAnimation ( aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord; aUID : TUID; aFrom, aTo : TCoord2D; aSprite : TSprite );
begin
if Doom.State <> DSPlaying then Exit;
FAnimations.AddAnimation(TDoomMove.Create(aDuration, aDelay, aUID, aFrom, aTo, aSprite));
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.addScreenMoveAnimation(aDuration: DWord; aDelay: DWord; aTo: TCoord2D);
begin
if Doom.State <> DSPlaying then Exit;
FAnimations.addAnimation( TDoomScreenMove.Create( aDuration, aDelay, aTo ) );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.addCellAnimation( aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord; aCoord : TCoord2D; aSprite : TSprite; aValue : Integer );
begin
if Doom.State <> DSPlaying then Exit;
FAnimations.addAnimation( TDoomAnimateCell.Create( aDuration, aDelay, aCoord, aSprite, aValue ) );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.addMissileAnimation(aDuration: DWord; aDelay: DWord; aSource,
aTarget: TCoord2D; aColor: Byte; aPic: Char; aDrawDelay: Word;
aSprite: TSprite; aRay: Boolean);
begin
if Doom.State <> DSPlaying then Exit;
FAnimations.addAnimation(
TDoomMissile.Create( aDuration, aDelay, aSource,
aTarget, aDrawDelay, aSprite, aRay ) );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.addMarkAnimation(aDuration: DWord; aDelay: DWord;
aCoord: TCoord2D; aColor: Byte; aPic: Char);
begin
if Doom.State <> DSPlaying then Exit;
FAnimations.addAnimation( TDoomMark.Create(aDuration, aDelay, aCoord ) )
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.addSoundAnimation(aDelay: DWord; aPosition: TCoord2D; aSoundID: DWord);
begin
if Doom.State <> DSPlaying then Exit;
FAnimations.addAnimation( TDoomSoundEvent.Create( aDelay, aPosition, aSoundID ) )
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.ExplosionMark( aCoord : TCoord2D; aColor : Byte; aDuration : DWord; aDelay : DWord );
begin
FAnimations.AddAnimation( TDoomExplodeMark.Create(aDuration,aDelay,aCoord,aColor) )
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.SetTarget( aTarget : TCoord2D; aColor : Byte; aRange : Byte );
begin
SpriteMap.SetTarget( aTarget, NewColor( aColor ), True )
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.Configure( aConfig : TLuaConfig; aReload : Boolean = False );
begin
inherited Configure( aConfig, aReload );
FIODriver.RegisterInterrupt( IOKeyCode( VKEY_ENTER, [ VKMOD_ALT ] ), @FullScreenCallback );
FIODriver.RegisterInterrupt( IOKeyCode( VKEY_F12, [ VKMOD_CTRL ] ), @FullScreenCallback );
DeviceChanged;
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.Update( aMSec : DWord );
const UnitTex : TGLVec2f = ( Data : ( 1, 1 ) );
ZeroTex : TGLVec2f = ( Data : ( 0, 0 ) );
var iMousePos : TIOPoint;
iPoint : TIOPoint;
iValueX : Single;
iValueY : Single;
iActiveX : Integer;
iActiveY : Integer;
iMaxX : Integer;
iMaxY : Integer;
iShift : TCoord2D;
iSizeY : DWord;
iSizeX : DWord;
iMinus : Integer;
iAbsolute : TIORect;
iP1, iP2 : TIOPoint;
begin
if not Assigned( FQuadRenderer ) then Exit;
if FTime - FLastMouseTime > 3000 then
begin
FMCursor.Active := False;
SetTempHint('');
end;
if (FMCursor.Active) and FIODriver.GetMousePos( iPoint ) and (not FMouseLock) and (not isModal) then
begin
iMaxX := FIODriver.GetSizeX;
iMaxY := FIODriver.GetSizeY;
iValueX := 0;
iValueY := 0;
iActiveX := iMaxX div 8;
iActiveY := iMaxY div 8;
if iPoint.X < iActiveX then iValueX := ((iActiveX - iPoint.X) / iActiveX);
if iPoint.X > iMaxX-iActiveX then iValueX := ((iActiveX -(iMaxX-iPoint.X)) /iActiveX);
if iPoint.X < iActiveX then iValueX := -iValueX;
if iMaxY < MAXY*FTileMult*32 then
begin
if iPoint.Y < iActiveY then iValueY := ((iActiveY - iPoint.Y) / iActiveY) / 2;
if iPoint.Y > iMaxY-iActiveY then iValueY := ((iActiveY -(iMaxY-iPoint.Y)) /iActiveY) / 2;
if iPoint.Y < iActiveY then iValueY := -iValueY;
end;
iShift := SpriteMap.Shift;
if (iValueX <> 0) or (iValueY <> 0) then
begin
iShift := NewCoord2D(
Clamp( SpriteMap.Shift.X + Ceil( iValueX * aMSec ), SpriteMap.MinShift.X, SpriteMap.MaxShift.X ),
Clamp( SpriteMap.Shift.Y + Ceil( iValueY * aMSec ), SpriteMap.MinShift.Y, SpriteMap.MaxShift.Y )
);
SpriteMap.NewShift := iShift;
FMouseLock :=
((iShift.X = SpriteMap.MinShift.X) or (iShift.X = SpriteMap.MaxShift.X))
and ((iShift.Y = SpriteMap.MinShift.Y) or (iShift.Y = SpriteMap.MaxShift.Y));
end;
end;
FAnimations.Update( aMSec );
iSizeY := FIODriver.GetSizeY-2*FVPadding;
iSizeX := FIODriver.GetSizeX;
glViewport( 0, FVPadding, iSizeX, iSizeY );
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
glDisable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
glEnable( GL_BLEND );
glBlendFunc( GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA );
FProjection := GLCreateOrtho( 0, iSizeX, iSizeY, 0, -16384, 16384 );
if (Doom <> nil) and (Doom.State = DSPlaying) then
begin
if FConsoleWindow = nil then
FConsole.HideCursor;
//if not UI.AnimationsRunning then SpriteMap.NewShift := SpriteMap.ShiftValue( Player.Position );
SpriteMap.Update( aMSec, FProjection );
FAnimations.Draw;
glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
SpriteMap.Draw;
glDisable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
end;
if FHudEnabled then
begin
FQuadSheet.PushTexturedQuad(
FMinimapGLPos,
FMinimapGLPos + TGLVec2i.Create( FMinimapScale*128, FMinimapScale*32 ),
ZeroTex, UnitTex, FMinimapTexture );
iAbsolute := vutil.Rectangle( 1,1,ConsoleSizeX,ConsoleSizeY );
iP1 := ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( iAbsolute.Pos );
iP2 := ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( vutil.Point( iAbsolute.x2+1, iAbsolute.y+2 ) );
QuadSheet.PushColoredQuad( TGLVec2i.Create( iP1.x, iP1.y ), TGLVec2i.Create( iP2.x, iP2.y ), TGLVec4f.Create( 0,0,0,0.8 ) );
iMinus := 1;
if StatusEffect = StatusInvert then
iMinus := 2;
iP1 := ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( vutil.Point( iAbsolute.x, iAbsolute.y2-iMinus ) );
iP2 := ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( vutil.Point( iAbsolute.x2+1, iAbsolute.y2+2 ) );
QuadSheet.PushColoredQuad( TGLVec2i.Create( iP1.x, iP1.y ), TGLVec2i.Create( iP2.x, iP2.y ), TGLVec4f.Create( 0,0,0,0.8 ) );
end;
FQuadRenderer.Update( FProjection );
FQuadRenderer.Render( FQuadSheet );
inherited Update( aMSec );
if FTextSheet <> nil then FQuadRenderer.Render( FTextSheet );
if (FPostSheet <> nil) and (FMCursor <> nil) and (FMCursor.Active) and FIODriver.GetMousePos(iMousePos) then
begin
FMCursor.Draw( iMousePos.X, iMousePos.Y, FLastUpdate, FPostSheet );
end;
if FPostSheet <> nil then FQuadRenderer.Render( FPostSheet );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.ResetVideoMode;
var iSDLFlags : TSDLIOFlags;
iWidth : Integer;
iHeight : Integer;
begin
iSDLFlags := [ SDLIO_OpenGL ];
iWidth := Configuration.GetInteger('screen_width');
iHeight := Configuration.GetInteger('screen_height');
if FFullscreen then Include( iSDLFlags, SDLIO_Fullscreen );
TSDLIODriver(FIODriver).ResetVideoMode( iWidth, iHeight, 32, iSDLFlags );
RecalculateScaling( True );
ReuploadTextures;
CalculateConsoleParams;
TGLConsoleRenderer( FConsole ).SetPositionScale( (FIODriver.GetSizeX - ConsoleSizeX*FFontSizeX*FFontMult) div 2, 0, FLineSpace, FFontMult );
TGLConsoleRenderer( FConsole ).HideCursor;
SetMinimapScale(FMiniScale);
DeviceChanged;
SpriteMap.Recalculate;
if Player <> nil then
SpriteMap.NewShift := SpriteMap.ShiftValue( Player.Position );
end;
function TDoomGFXIO.FullScreenCallback ( aEvent : TIOEvent ) : Boolean;
begin
FFullscreen := not TSDLIODriver(FIODriver).FullScreen;
ResetVideoMode;
Exit( True );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.ReuploadTextures;
begin
Textures.Upload;
SpriteMap.ReassignTextures;
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.CalculateConsoleParams;
begin
FLineSpace := Max((FIODriver.GetSizeY - ConsoleSizeY*FFontSizeY*FFontMult - 2*FVPadding) div ConsoleSizeY div FFontMult,0);
end;
function TDoomGFXIO.OnEvent( const event : TIOEvent ) : Boolean;
begin
if event.EType in [ VEVENT_MOUSEMOVE, VEVENT_MOUSEDOWN ] then
begin
if FMCursor <> nil then FMCursor.Active := True;
FLastMouseTime := FTime;
FMouseLock := False;
end;
Exit( inherited OnEvent( event ) )
end;
function TDoomGFXIO.RunUILoop( aElement : TUIElement = nil ) : DWord;
begin
if FMCursor <> nil then
begin
if FMCursor.Size = 0 then
FMCursor.SetTextureID( Textures.TextureID['cursor'], 32 );
FMCursor.Active := True;
end;
Exit( inherited RunUILoop( aElement ) );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.UpdateMinimap;
var x, y : DWord;
begin
if Doom.State = DSPlaying then
begin
for x := 0 to MAXX+1 do
for y := 0 to MAXY+1 do
FMinimapImage.ColorXY[x,y] := Doom.Level.GetMiniMapColor( NewCoord2D( x, y ) );
if FMinimapTexture = 0
then FMinimapTexture := UploadImage( FMinimapImage, False )
else ReUploadImage( FMinimapTexture, FMinimapImage, False );
end;
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.SetMinimapScale ( aScale : Byte ) ;
begin
FMinimapScale := aScale;
FMinimapGLPos.Init( FIODriver.GetSizeX - FMinimapScale*(MAXX+2) - 10, FIODriver.GetSizeY - FMinimapScale*(MAXY+2) - ( 10 + FFontMult*20*3 ) );
UpdateMinimap;
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.DeviceChanged;
begin
FUIRoot.DeviceChanged;
FCellX := (FConsole.GetDeviceArea.Dim.X) div (FConsole.SizeX);
FCellY := (FConsole.GetDeviceArea.Dim.Y) div (FConsole.SizeY);
end;
function TDoomGFXIO.DeviceCoordToConsoleCoord( aCoord : TIOPoint ) : TIOPoint;
begin
aCoord := aCoord - FConsole.GetDeviceArea.Pos;
aCoord.x := ( aCoord.x div FCellX );
aCoord.y := ( aCoord.y div FCellY );
Exit( PointUnit + aCoord );
end;
function TDoomGFXIO.ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( aCoord : TIOPoint ) : TIOPoint;
begin
aCoord := aCoord - PointUnit;
aCoord.x := ( aCoord.x * FCellX );
aCoord.y := ( aCoord.y * FCellY );
Exit( FConsole.GetDeviceArea.Pos + aCoord );
end;
procedure TDoomGFXIO.RenderUIBackground( aUL, aBR : TIOPoint );
var iP1,iP2 : TIOPoint;
begin
iP1 := ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( aUL + PointUnit );
iP2 := ConsoleCoordToDeviceCoord( aBR + PointUnit );
QuadSheet.PushColoredQuad( TGLVec2i.Create( iP1.x, iP1.y ), TGLVec2i.Create( iP2.x, iP2.y ), TGLVec4f.Create( 0,0,0,0.85 ) );
end;
end.
``` |
```objective-c
/*
* This file is part of libsidplayfp, a SID player engine.
*
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
#ifndef OPAMP_H
#define OPAMP_H
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "Spline.h"
#include "sidcxx11.h"
namespace reSIDfp
{
/**
* Find output voltage in inverting gain and inverting summer SID op-amp
* circuits, using a combination of Newton-Raphson and bisection.
*
* +---R2--+
* | |
* vi ---R1--o--[A>--o-- vo
* vx
*
* From Kirchoff's current law it follows that
*
* IR1f + IR2r = 0
*
* Substituting the triode mode transistor model K*W/L*(Vgst^2 - Vgdt^2)
* for the currents, we get:
*
* n*((Vddt - vx)^2 - (Vddt - vi)^2) + (Vddt - vx)^2 - (Vddt - vo)^2 = 0
*
* where n is the ratio between R1 and R2.
*
* Our root function f can thus be written as:
*
* f = (n + 1)*(Vddt - vx)^2 - n*(Vddt - vi)^2 - (Vddt - vo)^2 = 0
*
* Using substitution constants
*
* a = n + 1
* b = Vddt
* c = n*(Vddt - vi)^2
*
* the equations for the root function and its derivative can be written as:
*
* f = a*(b - vx)^2 - c - (b - vo)^2
* df = 2*((b - vo)*dvo - a*(b - vx))
*/
class OpAmp
{
private:
/// Current root position (cached as guess to speed up next iteration)
mutable double x;
const double Vddt;
const double vmin;
const double vmax;
std::unique_ptr<Spline> const opamp;
public:
/**
* Opamp input -> output voltage conversion
*
* @param opamp opamp mapping table as pairs of points (in -> out)
* @param Vddt transistor dt parameter (in volts)
* @param vmin
* @param vmax
*/
OpAmp(const std::vector<Spline::Point> &opamp, double Vddt,
double vmin, double vmax
) :
x(0.),
Vddt(Vddt),
vmin(vmin),
vmax(vmax),
opamp(new Spline(opamp)) {}
/**
* Reset root position
*/
void reset() const
{
x = vmin;
}
/**
* Solve the opamp equation for input vi in loading context n
*
* @param n the ratio of input/output loading
* @param vi input voltage
* @return vo output voltage
*/
double solve(double n, double vi) const;
};
} // namespace reSIDfp
#endif
``` |
Jack Walsh (born 1903) was a Gaelic footballer from Asdee, County Kerry. A left full back, he played with Kerry from 1924 to 1934. He won 5 Munster Senior Championships, 6 All-Ireland Senior Championships and 4 National Leagues during his career.
Life and career
Walsh was educated at Asdee National School, then St. Michael's College in Listowel.
After a trial game, he was picked for Kerry in 1924, playing in the All-Ireland final against Dublin, which Kerry won by one point. His second All-Ireland victory was in 1926, when Kerry beat Kildare in the final after a replay. During this match Walsh switched to left full back to replace an ill team-mate, a position he then held until his retirement from inter-county football in 1934.
Walsh was a member of the Kerry team for each of their "four in a row" All-Ireland titles in 1929, 1930, 1931 and 1932. He was also in the team that was beaten in the semi-final in 1933 by Cavan, in Walsh's last match for the county. Walsh was also a member of Railway Cup-winning sides in 1927 and 1931.
Walsh toured the United States with Kerry on three occasions, in 1927, 1931, and 1933.
At club level he played with Asdee and Shannon Rangers, with whom he won County Championship medals in 1942 and 1945.
In 2015, Asdee GAA opened a new pitch named Walsh Park in honour of Jack Walsh.
References
http://www.terracetalk.com/kerry-football/player/337/Jack-Walsh
1903 births
Year of death missing
Asdee Gaelic footballers
Kerry inter-county Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football managers
Winners of six All-Ireland medals (Gaelic football)
Shannon Rangers Gaelic footballers |
Aviv () means "barley ripening", and by extension "spring season" in Hebrew. It is also used as a given name, surname, and place name, as in Tel Aviv. The first month of the year is called the month of Aviv in the Pentateuch. The month is called Nisan in the book of Esther, and in subsequent post-exilic history up to the present day. These names are sometimes used interchangeably, although Aviv refers to the three month season, and Nisan is called the "first month of Aviv."
Meanings
The basic meaning of the word aviv is the stage in the growth of grain when the seeds have reached full size and are filled with starch, but have not dried yet. During the plague of hail (Exodus ), the barley was said to be [in the] aviv [stage] and the flax [in the] giv`ol. This resulted in their destruction.
The month in the Hebrew calendar when the barley has reached or passed this stage ( ) is called Aviv, or the "month of the aviv", which is the biblical lunar new year. , which is the Jewish religious new year (Rosh Hashanah (tractate) 2a). (The civil Babylonian year began with Tishrei, the seventh month, which is understood by rabbinic judaism to be the universal new year and day of judgement) Aviv begins about the time of the Northern spring equinox (March 21). Since the Babylonian captivity, this month has mainly been called Nisan ( ). On the “day after the Shabbat” (the 16th of the month of Nissan according to the rabbis, and the first Sunday of Passover according to the Karaites), the harvest was begun by gathering a sheaf of barley, which was offered as a sacrifice to God (), when the Temple in Jerusalem existed.
Abib or Aviv may also be the same star as Spica which is the ear of grain in the constellation Virgo/Virgin/Woman.
"Aviv" in modern Hebrew accordingly also means spring, one of the four seasons. Thus the major modern Israeli city of Tel Aviv means "Spring Hill".
Since Passover is always celebrated on 15–21 (or 22 outside Israel) Nisan, near the beginning of spring, "Holiday of Aviv". Pesach or Passover is always on the 14th of Nisan. The first day of Chag ha Matzoh or the Feast of Unleavened Bread is always the day after that, the 15th of Nisan. is an additional name for Passover.
As a name
Aviv is also a Hebrew male and female name. The old and uncommon Russian Christian male given name "" (Aviv) was possibly also borrowed from Biblical Hebrew, where it derived from the word abīb, meaning an ear or a time of year where grains come into ear, also known as "Aviv" (or Nisan—the first month of the Hebrew calendar). The feminine version of the name is Aviva. The diminutives of "Aviv" are Aviva () and Viva (). The patronymics derived from "Aviv" are "" (Avivovich; masculine) and "" (Avivovna; feminine).
Given name
Aviv Avraham (born 1996), Israeli footballer
Aviv Azaria (born 1991), Israeli footballer
Aviv Geffen (born 1973), Israeli rock musician, singer, and songwriter
Avraham Aviv Alush (born 1982), Israeli actor, singer and model
Aviv Kochavi (born 1964), Israeli Chief of the General Staff
Aviv Cohen (born 1985), Israeli Engineer
Aviv Gold (born 2006), Israeli/American Intellectual
Surname
Haim Aviv (born 1940), Israeli molecular biologist
Jonathan E. Aviv (born 1960), American surgeon and professor
Juval Aviv (born 1947), Israeli-American security consultant and writer
References
External links
Abib of God
A look at ancient Israel and the harvest cycles as it relates to the abib barley.
Abib (Barley) in the Hebrew Bible: a description of the importance of aviv in the Karaite calendar by the World Karaite Movement
2011 Aviv Report (Update to that entry, showing pictures of aviv barley and how to distinguish wheat from barley): Aviv Reports added Annually
Hebrew calendar
Hebrew words and phrases
Hebrew masculine given names
Masculine given names
Russian masculine given names |
```objective-c
//
// Printf variants that place their output in a C++ string.
//
// Usage:
// string result = StringPrintf("%d %s\n", 10, "hello");
// SStringPrintf(&result, "%d %s\n", 10, "hello");
// StringAppendF(&result, "%d %s\n", 20, "there");
#ifndef _BASE_STRINGPRINTF_H
#define _BASE_STRINGPRINTF_H
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "kudu/gutil/port.h"
// Return a C++ string
extern std::string StringPrintf(const char* format, ...)
// Tell the compiler to do printf format string checking.
PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(1,2);
// Store result into a supplied string and return it
extern const std::string& SStringPrintf(std::string* dst, const char* format, ...)
// Tell the compiler to do printf format string checking.
PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(2,3);
// Append result to a supplied string
extern void StringAppendF(std::string* dst, const char* format, ...)
// Tell the compiler to do printf format string checking.
PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(2,3);
// Lower-level routine that takes a va_list and appends to a specified
// string. All other routines are just convenience wrappers around it.
extern void StringAppendV(std::string* dst, const char* format, va_list ap);
// The max arguments supported by StringPrintfVector
extern const int kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs;
// You can use this version when all your arguments are strings, but
// you don't know how many arguments you'll have at compile time.
// StringPrintfVector will LOG(FATAL) if v.size() > kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs
extern std::string StringPrintfVector(const char* format, const std::vector<std::string>& v);
#endif /* _BASE_STRINGPRINTF_H */
``` |
Cannabis in Montenegro is illegal. The country serves as a conduit for Albanian cannabis being transported to Western Europe.
References
Further reading
Montenegro
Drugs in Montenegro |
Cintray may refer to communes in France:
Cintray, Eure
Cintray, Eure-et-Loir
See also
Cintra (disambiguation)
Cintré, in the Ille-et-Vilaine département
Cintrey, in the Haute-Saône département |
Nathan Goodell (August 8, 1798 – June 2, 1883) was an American politician who served as the fifth and ninth mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin.
Biography
Goodell was born on August 8, 1798, in Pomfret, Connecticut. He was the eleventh of twelve children born to Richard and Marcia Goodell. Goodell moved to Jefferson County, New York, and married Hannah Mosely Weeks, the daughter of a Swedenborgian clergyman. They had two children. After their marriage, they moved to Detroit, Michigan, before settling in Green Bay. Goodell died from apparent pneumonia on June 2, 1883.
Career
Goodell was mayor in 1859 and 1864. He was also Superintendent of Streets for a number of years.
References
People from Pomfret, Connecticut
People from Jefferson County, New York
Politicians from Detroit
Mayors of Green Bay, Wisconsin
1798 births
1883 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia in Wisconsin
19th-century American politicians |
Túpac Katari or Catari (also Túpaj Katari) ( – November 13, 1781), born Julián Apasa Nina, was the indigenous Aymara leader of a major insurrection in colonial-era Upper Peru (now Bolivia), laying siege to La Paz for six months. His wife Bartolina Sisa and his sister Gregoria Apaza participated in the rebellion by his side. The rebellion was ultimately put down by Spanish loyalists and Katari was executed by quartering.
Biography
Katari was born Julián Apasa in the jurisdiction of Sicasica and later moved to the nearby town of Ayoayo. He was born a peasant and worked as a trader of coca and baize.
A member of the Aymara, Apasa took the name "Tupac Katari" to honor two earlier rebel leaders: Tomás Katari, and Túpac Amaru, executed by the Spanish in 1572. Katari's uprising was simultaneous with the Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II, whose cacique leader claimed to be a descendant of the earlier Túpac Amaru. Túpac Katari had no traditional claim to leadership similar to that of Túpac Amaru II, which may well have prompted Katari to associate himself with earlier leaders. Katari claimed authority from Túpac Amaru and proclaimed himself viceroy of the region. (Katari means "serpent, large snake" in Aymara; Amaru means the same in Quechua, the language of Tupac Amaru. Tupac means "brilliant, resplendent" in both languages.)
He raised an army of some 40,000 and laid siege to the city of La Paz in 1781. Katari and his wife Bartolina Sisa set up court in El Alto and maintained the siege from March to June and from August to October. Sisa was a commander of the siege, and played the crucial role following Katari's capture in April. The siege was broken by the Spanish colonial troops who advanced from Lima and Buenos Aires. During the siege, 20,000 people died.
Katari laid siege again later in the year, this time joined by Andrés Túpac Amaru, nephew of Túpac Amaru II, but Katari lacked adequate forces to be successful.
Katari had a reputation as a fierce and often violent leader. Other leaders in the rebel camps testified to his "homicides and enormous violence"; he was known not only for violence toward his enemies but also those who fought on his side, executing people for having "spoken against him, stolen his property, acted in an overweening fashion, challenged his authority, or humiliated him".
On his death on November 15, 1781, Katari's final words were, according to oral tradition, "." This is translated from Aymara as "I die but will return tomorrow as thousand thousands".
Rebellion
As part of the uprising, Túpac Katari formed an army of forty thousand men and surrounded twice for a time, in 1781 the Spanish city of La Paz. The two attempts, however, ended in failure due to political and military maneuvers by the Spanish, as well as alliances with indigenous leaders against Túpac Katari. Eventually all the leaders of the rebellion were arrested and executed, including Túpac Katari's wife, Bartolina Sisa, and his sister, Gregoria Apaza.
This indigenous uprising at the end of the 18th century was the largest geographically and with the most support. It took the affected viceroyalties two years to suffocate it.
The rebels besieged the city of La Paz from March 13, 1781, for one hundred and nine days without success, due to resistance and the support of troops sent from Buenos Aires. In this context, Viceroy Agustín de Jáuregui took advantage of the low morale of the rebels to offer amnesty to those who surrendered, which gave many fruits, including some leaders of the movement. Túpac Katari, who had not accepted the amnesty and went to Achacachi to reorganize his dispersed forces, was betrayed by some of his followers and was captured by the Spanish on the night of November 9, 1781.
During the second siege, Andrés Túpac Amaru, a nephew of Túpac Amaru II and romantically linked to Gregoria Apaza, Túpac Katari's younger sister, joined the Tupac Katari rebels.
As a moral reward for the efforts and sacrifices that the Spanish of the city of La Paz had to endure, through the royal decree of May 20, 1784, the city of La Paz was awarded the title of "noble, courageous and faithful" (faithful to the king of Spain, it is understood).
Legacy
For his effort, his betrayal, defeat, torture and brutal execution, Túpac Katari is remembered as a hero by modern indigenous movements in Bolivia, who call their political philosophy Katarismo. A Bolivian guerrilla group, the Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, also bears his name.
In Bolivia, on July 15, 2005, former President Eduardo Rodriguez Veltze declared (through Law No. 3102) "National Aymara Hero and Heroine to Julián Apaza and Bartolina Sisa."
In Argentina, as part of the Bicentennial celebrations, a Gallery of South American Patriots was inaugurated on May 25, 2010, in which Bolivia is represented by portraits of Túpac Katari, Pedro Domingo Murillo and Bartolina Sisa. The pictorial sample is located in the so-called "Hall of the Bicentennial Heroes", in the Casa Rosada.
The first Bolivian telecommunications satellite, Túpac Katari 1, whose purpose is to support educational initiatives and maintain state security, bears his name.
Since 2019, his appearance has been incorporated into the new design of the 200 Bolivian banknote.
See also
Túpac Amaru II
Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II
Tomás Katari
Aymara people
Bolivia
Bartolina Sisa
Katarismo
Túpac Katari Guerrilla Army
Further reading
del Valle de Siles, María Eugenia, Historia de la rebelión Túpac Catari, 1781–1782. (1900)
Fisher, Lillian Estelle, The Last Inca Revolt, 1780–1783. 1966.
O'Phelan Godoy, Rebellions and Revolts in Eighteenth-Century Peru and Upper Peru. 1985.
Paredes, M. Rigoberto, Túpac Catari: Apuntes biográficos (1897, 1973).
Stern, Steve J., ed. Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries. 1987.
Valencia Vega, Alipio, Julián Tupaj Katari, caudillo de la liberación india. 1950
References
External links
tupackatari.org : Bolivian indigenous activist page (in Spanish) (link broken)
Boston Globe article on Bolivian politics, mentioning Tupac Katari.
Great Rebellion of Peru and Upper Peru by Nicholas A. Robins
Bolivian people of Aymara descent
Bolivian torture victims
Executed revolutionaries
People executed by dismemberment
1750s births
1781 deaths
Executed Bolivian people
Rebellions in South America
Rebellions against the Spanish Empire
Indigenous rebellions against the Spanish Empire
18th-century executions by Spain
18th-century Bolivian people |
Hotel New York is the fourth studio album recorded by the Dutch pop/rock singer Anouk and released on December 3, 2004, in the Netherlands. The album is named for the location where Anouk wrote all its songs: Hotel New York in Rotterdam. Debuting at number one, the album was a major success, staying at that top spot for twelve weeks. "Hotel New York" remained on the Dutch albums chart for eighty-seven weeks, eventually going triple platinum. In Belgium, the album spent a week at number one and stayed in the top 50 for 72 weeks. The first single off the album "Girl" peaked at number two on the Dutch Top 40, and so did "Lost", the second single. The third single "Jerusalem" peaked at number twenty and the final single "One Word" peaked again at number two.
Track listing
Standard
"Girl" – 3:30
"Heaven Knows" – 3:45
"More Than You Deserve" – 4:20
"Falling Sun" – 3:32
"Lost" – 3:42
"Alright" – 3:33
"Help" – 3:24
"Our Own Love" – 3:34
"Jerusalem" – 3:55
"One Word" – 4:02
"I Spy" – 3:44
"Fading" – 4:45
Live Edition (EMI - December 5, 2005)
"Jerusalem" [live and acoustic] – 4:38
"Alright" [live and acoustic] – 3:40
"Lost" [live and acoustic] – 3:52
"Falling Sun" [live and acoustic] – 3:56
"Girl" [live and acoustic] – 3:44
"Nobody's Wife" [live and acoustic] – 4:21
Singles
Charts
Achievements
Album
Hotel New York peaked at number 2 in the 2005 Album top 100 Year-end charts, meaning it was the second best-selling album in the Netherlands.
In Belgium, Hotel New York sold over 50,000 copies and thus was certified platinum. EMI Holland confirmed on December 2 that the album had shipped over 210,000 copies in the Netherlands, resulting a 3× Platinum certification.
Hotel New York was also a big hit in Israel, 3 singles of the album charted there at the same time: Lost is the single with the highest rating at #2 (11 weeks), Jerusalem at #7 (8 weeks) and Girl was number 10 for the 10th consecutive week. (This hit list is based on airplay and interactive voting.) [as of February 2].
Singles
"Girl", the first single released from the album, became the best-performing single ever for a female artist in the Netherlands, despite the fact it never topped the Dutch Top 40. With this record, she beats Céline Dion with "My Heart Will Go On", who kept the number one position for best selling female single for a long time, and Britney Spears' "...Baby One More Time", which was number 2 and now #3 best-performing female single in the Netherlands.
"Lost" reached the number 9 position on May 17, 2008, three years after its release, on the Norway charts. The single has been added on the album Who's Your Momma (2007) and planned for a release in June 2008
"One Word" was a big hit in Albania; it reached the number one position on the radio airplay charts.
Awards
2005 3FM Radio Awards:
Best Female, Schaal van Rigter (best single "Girl") (won)
Duiveltje (musicians votes their best colleague) (won)
2005 MTV Awards:
Best Dutch/Belgium Act (won)
Dutch 2005 TMF Awards:
Best National Female Artist (won)
Dutch 2006 TMF Awards:
Best National Female Artist (won)
Best National Rock Act (won)
Best National Video (Postman feat. Anouk - "Downhill") (won)
Belgian 2005 TMF Awards:
Best International Album of 2005 (Hotel New York) (won)
Best International Video ("Girl") (won)
Best International Female Artist (won)
This album has been released with the Copy Control protection system in some regions.
References
2004 albums
Anouk (singer) albums |
Xenotrachea albidisca is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in India, western China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Borneo.
References
Moths described in 1867
Hadeninae |
Broken Saints is a partially Flash-animated horror drama web series by Brooke Burgess, with technical direction from Ian Kirby and artwork by Andrew West. First released online from 2001 to 2003, it is one of the earliest examples of a motion comic. Characters for the most part remain in static poses and dialogue is indicated by speech balloons, but animated sequences are used to switch scenes and help advance the story, while music and sound effects are included.
It tells the story of four strangers in different regions of the world – Shandala from Fiji; Raimi from the United States; Oran from Iraq; and Kamimura from Japan – all of whom suddenly experience an apocalyptic vision or series of apocalyptic visions. All four set out to uncover the origin and/or meaning behind their experiences.
After its online release was concluded in 2003, the series was released as a limited-edition DVD in 2005, featuring voice narration, upgraded artwork for the first 12 episodes, some alternate technical effects for those episodes and subsequent ones, and numerous special features. A subsequent mass-market DVD release was distributed in 2006 by 20th Century Fox. It is the same as the first release, but features upgraded artwork for the first 13 episodes (compared to only the first 12 on the previous DVD release), as well as the alternate technical effects, and many more special features, including audio commentary for every episode.
While Broken Saints was met with unanimous critical acclaim, it has remained relatively obscure since its initial release. Its word-of-mouth reverence from fans and subsequent popularity on Newgrounds has led the series to develop a cult following.
Characters
Shandala Nisinu: Commonly Shandala, she is an 18-year-old altruist living an idyllic life. She came to the uncharted Fijian island of Lomalagi (or "Heaven") as an infant floating on the waves and was adopted by the island's wise tribal chief Tui Nisinu. The mysterious circumstances around her birth will return to haunt all who come to know her—and affect the whole world. In the DVD version, Shandala's voice is provided by Emmy-award winner Janyse Jaud.
Raimi Matthews: Raimi is a 24-year-old Canadian non-practicing Catholic who lives in the fictional Coast City, United States. He works developing software and security (and then finding ways around it) for a global telecommunications and pharmaceutical company called Biocom, which has just irked him with a sudden unexplained termination from an important project. The electronic information he cracks from his company leads him on a personal mission that ultimately brings the four strangers together. Raimi is voiced by Kirby Morrow.
Oran Bajir: Oran is a 29-year-old devout Muslim from Baghdad, Iraq. At the outset of the story he is involved in an armed resistance against Western domination, left to guard a small bunker in solitude. With nothing to do but read the Qur'an, Oran begins to doubt his mission and himself. Oran is voiced by Michael Dobson.
Kamimura: Also known as "Kami", he is an elderly Shinto mystic and former Buddhist from rural Japan. He was estranged from his former Buddhist order over an incident concerning relics given him that he swore to protect. Goku, a former student, had demanded the box, in order to sell its contents. However, Kamimura had given his word and his word was his bond. Kamimura's voice actor is Colin Foo.
Production
Each of the chapters was written and directed by Burgess, with Kirby doing the technical direction and West providing the artwork. The series was co-produced in the first year (first six episodes) by Vancouver-based Switch Interactive with Budget Monk Productions. Illustrator Andrew West and Flash designer/programmer Ian Kirby were employees of Switch Interactive, and brought the concept to the studio's attention in 1999.
Format and publication
Broken Saints is broken into 24 Flash-animated episodes that were released from 2001 to 2003. It totals about 12 hours of running time.
The chapters vary in length and become progressively longer, many with two or three acts. The shortest is nine minutes long, while the longest, the 24th episode "Truth", is five acts long with a prologue and epilogue, totaling 1 hour and 23 minutes.
It is one of the earliest examples of a motion comic. Like a comic, characters for the most part remain in static poses and dialogue is indicated by speech balloons. However, rather than exclusively using sequential panels, animated sequences are used to switch scenes and help advance the story. The series also includes sound effects and music, composed by Tobias Tinker and Quentin Grey with classical pieces by Mozart and others. Samples of songs from Montreal-based band Godspeed You! Black Emperor were looped extensively in the soundtrack, and much of the dialogue, particularly in the 14th episode, "Harbingers," is taken from the spoken word portions of their songs (some directly, and some slightly altered). The group is listed in the credits at the end of "Harbingers" under "Loop Worship."
Dani Atkinson of Sequential Tart found the work difficult to categorize, saying, "I'm honestly not sure what Broken Saints is. There's a lot of ongoing debate regarding how much animation a webcomic can contain before it stops being a comic, but I'd have to say Broken Saints has crossed that line, however blurry the line may be. But it uses elements of comics storytelling, particularly in the early chapters, and throughout the story it uses word balloons and captions instead of spoken dialogue. So it's a comic that moves, if there is such a thing, or it's a movie you read."
Two DVD versions have been released. The first was released in 2005, and featured improved or wholly redrawn art for the first 12 chapters, numerous featurettes, commentary on select chapters, and voice narration for all dialogue. The voice actors included William B. Davis, David Kaye, Kirby Morrow, and Emmy Award-winner Janyse Jaud. Burgess himself provided character voices. This version is now out of print. The second DVD version, released in 2006, is being distributed internationally by 20th Century Fox. It is the same as the previous version, with a few slight differences, including a reworking of the artwork for the 13th episode, "Insertion," and commentary for every chapter.
The creators of Broken Saints received a grant from the Canadian government to assist in publishing the work to DVD.
Future
On November 30, 2008, Brooke Burgess announced on the official Broken Saints blog that a TV series was on the way. In the blog post was also embedded a trailer.
The trailer was later revealed to be a pitch for a series.
In 2015, on the series Facebook group, Burgess said he had a specific idea for a possible second season that would pick up 30 years after the events of the first.
Awards and reviews
Broken Saints is the winner of various awards including:
2001 Pixie Award Winner: Best Website that Incorporates Motion
Flash in the Can 2002: People's Choice Award
Flash Forward 2002: People's Choice Award & Best Cartoon
Netfestival Brazil 2003: People's Choice Award
2003 Audience Award at the Sundance Online Film Festival
2004 Horizon Interactive Awards: Best in Show
Telefilm Canada Grant Award 2004
2005 Annual Rue-Morgue Awards: Most Innovative Concept
2005 Canadian New Media Awards: Producer of the Year (Brooke Burgess)
Reviewing for Sequential Tart in 2004, Dani Atkinson gave the work an 8 out of 10. They advised patience in the slower parts, such as the beginning, which "develops very slowly... taking several chapters to build momentum and develop the characters.... But as the comic nears the end, the plot kicks into high gear, and everything starts clicking into place. I spent the final chapter glued to the screen and teetering on the edge of my seat." They called the soundtrack "atmospheric." But for online viewing, they complained about the Flash format which offered no pause or rewind function. Atkinson described the art as "strongly manga influenced, but done in full colour with rough, sketchy line work" and noted that in later chapters, the animation becomes more elaborate and is "less like a comic and more like a movie." They called the story "emotionally intense, and very consciously spiritual," and said, "It's a work with high ideals and high hopes for itself. I respect that." The review noted a lot of cursing and "a few really disturbing images."
References
External links
Raimi Matthews' website
Fan Forum
Gnosis Games
Brooke Burgess Interview at www.sci-fi-online.com
The Newgrounds collection of Broken Saints
Exclusive Interview with Brooke Burgess
2000s webcomics
2001 webcomic debuts |
Elmex is a brand of toothpaste that has been sold since 1962. It is manufactured by GABA International AG, a Swiss manufacturer of branded oral care products located in Therwil. GABA was acquired by the Colgate-Palmolive company of the United States in 2004 for US$841 million.
Elmex was the first toothpaste to contain the organic Amine Fluoride (AmF) olaflur as an active ingredient for protection against dental caries. Elmex is often sold together with Aronal which should be used in the morning. Aronal contains vitamin A and zinc to protect the gums against inflammation.
The brand had a 25% market share in the German market as of 2008 and is noted for having used the same packaging appearance since its 1962 introduction.
Elmex was the sponsor of the Dutch basketball club "Elmex Leiden" from 1982 to 1985 (now ZZ Leiden).
See also
List of toothpaste brands
Index of oral health and dental articles
References
External links
Brand homepage
Brands of toothpaste
Colgate-Palmolive brands
Products introduced in 1962 |
Pleasant Flat is an alluvial floodplain of the Haast River in the Haast Pass on New Zealand's South Island. A former stopping place for travellers crossing the pass before the building of the highway, it now has a campsite and picnic shelter. It has a notable view of Mount Hooker to the northeast.
Geography
Pleasant Valley is an alluvial floodplain created by the Haast River, in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand. It is approximately upriver from the confluence of the Haast and Landsborough Rivers, and three kilometres north of the Gates of Haast. The flat is approximately wide by over long, and runs on a southwest-to-northeast axis. Despite being close to a major mountain pass, it is only above sea level.
The low valley of Pleasant Flat was carved out by an offshoot of the Landsborough Glacier in the last Ice Age. The Landsborough River is unusual in running parallel to the foot of the Southern Alps and flowing into the Haast River instead of heading directly to sea. When the river valley was filled by a glacier, it followed the same course but had to make a sharp western turn at Clarke Bluff to continue down the Haast Valley. One arm of the glacier continued straight and carved out the Burke River valley, Burke Flat, and Pleasant Flat, before travelling uphill and pushing over the Haast Pass to Makarora—the reason the pass is so low (563 m) compared to the Lewis Pass (907 m) and Arthur's Pass (920 m).
A notable view from Pleasant Flat is the icefield of Mount Hooker (2640 m) to the northeast, at the head of the Clarke River, described by Andy Dennis as "one of the most glorious views of the Southern Alps from a main highway."
History
Travellers across the Haast Pass would usually stay in small huts at Burke Flat, upriver from Pleasant Flat. When the highway across the Pass was constructed, a bridge was built across the Haast River at Pleasant Flat (the middle bridge of three), and this became a natural stopping point. Today there is a Department of Conservation campsite at the Flat, with toilets, a picnic shelter, and a short forest walk along nearby Muir Creek. In 2018, a cell tower was installed, powered by a 150 W wind turbine and 270 W solar panel. This was to create an island of cellular coverage between Haast and Lake Wānaka, allowing drivers to make other plans should Haast Pass be closed.
Flora and fauna
The forest around Muir Creek is dominated by silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii). Common forest birds that can be observed are bellbirds (Anthornis melanura), grey warblers (Gerygone igata), tomtits (Petroica macrocephala), and long-tailed cuckoos (Eudynamys taitensis), while moreporks (Ninox novaeseelandiae) can be heard at night, and South Island oystercatchers (Haematopus finschi) will sometimes feed at the campsite. The Haast and Lansborough valleys contain populations of kākā (Nestor meridionalis), yellow-crowned kākāriki (Cyanoramphus auriceps), and whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos).
Haast, in his 1863 crossing of the pass which later bore his name, noted that the nearby forests "were literally alive with woodhens and many kakapos". However, weka (Gallirallus australis) are no longer common in southern Westland and kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) are long gone from mainland New Zealand. Explorer Charlie Douglas in 1899 recalled the former abundance of kākāpō on the river flats of the Landsborough Valley:"The birds used to be in dozens around the camp, screeching and yelling like a lot of demons, and at times it was impossible to sleep for the noise…but alas this is a thing of the past, when last up the Landsbro there wasn't a bird to be found unless by going high up on the spurs."
References
External links
Pleasant Flat campsite, Department of Conservation website
Mount Aspiring National Park
Westland District
Landforms of the West Coast, New Zealand
Floodplains of Oceania |
Kepone Is an American indie rock band based out of Richmond, Virginia. Formed in 1991, the band's name was derived from the Kepone crisis that occurred in the Richmond area in the 1970s. Originally formed as a side project of Michael Bishop of Gwar, the original line-up of the band also included guitarist Tim Harriss of Burma Jam and Hoi-Polloi as well as drummer Seth Harris of Honor Role. Kepone released their debut album, Ugly Dance, through Quarterstick Records in 1994. Harris left soon after to focus on environmental activism, and Ed Trask of the Holy Rollers replaced him. The band released two more albums, Skin and Kepone, before their eventual break up. The three would play separately in other bands before reuniting to form American Grizzly with vocalist Bunny Wells. American Grizzly broke up in 2005.
The band reunited for one night at the 2011 Gwar-B-Q in Richmond, Virginia, on September 17, 2011. Kepone opened for Lamb of God on January 22, 2012, at The National in Richmond, and Gwar on December 21, 2012, at the NORVA in Norfolk, Virginia. Kepone has since reunited to perform on the main stage at Gwar-B-Q 2014 at Hadad's Lake in Richmond.
Discography
Albums
Ugly Dance (1994)
Skin (1995)
Kepone (1997)
Singles
From Ugly Dance
1994 "Henry"
1994 "Ugly Dance"
From Skin
1995 "Knifethrower"
From Kepone
1997 "Ghost"
References
External links
Band Fansite Myspace tribute page
Indie rock musical groups from Virginia
Music of Richmond, Virginia
Quarterstick Records artists |
Andrew Johnstone McCall (12 October 1911 – 5 November 1979) was a Scottish football player and manager.
Career
Andy McCall played for Ayr United, St Johnstone, Huddersfield Town, Nottingham Forest and Dundee and was later a coach at Dens Park for several years. McCall was appointed Dundee United manager in October 1958, following the resignation of Tommy Gray. Under his charge, United dropped to third bottom of Division Two and McCall resigned at the end of the season after six months in charge.
References
1911 births
1979 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish football managers
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Men's association football inside forwards
Men's association football wing halves
Ayr United F.C. players
St Johnstone F.C. players
St Johnstone F.C. wartime guest players
Aberdeen F.C. wartime guest players
Clyde F.C. wartime guest players
Third Lanark A.C. wartime guest players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Dundee United F.C. managers
People from Cumnock
Cumnock Juniors F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scottish Football League managers
Footballers from East Ayrshire |
The Azov Museum of History, Archaeology and Palaeontology () in Azov, Rostov oblast, is one of the largest museums in the south of Russia, particularly notable for its palaeontological collection.
History
The museum was first opened on 17 May 1917 by the efforts of Mikhail Aronovich Makarovskiy and the town's civic society, and displayed small items given by the local population (old coins, postage stamps, bullets and so on), but was destroyed shortly afterwards in the Russian Revolution. It was reopened in 1937 but the collections were lost during the occupation by German troops in World War II. After the war the local people tried to revive the museum, but to do so took until 1960.
The museum occupies the premises of the old town hall. It also administers the Powder Cellar Museum.
Exhibits
The palaeontological collection contains skeletons of deinotherium, woolly rhinoceros, elasmotherium and steppe bison. The museum also has two complete skeletons of steppe mammoths, a male and a female.
Gallery
References
Further reading
Музеи России (комплекс., ист., естественно-науч., техн., отраслевые): спpав. Ч. 4. М., 1993. p. 77
Richagova, E.: Из глубины веков…, in Азовская неделя, 26 March 2015, p. 10
Barannikova, A.: Музей для детей, in Город N. 23 December 2014, p. 44
Richagova, E.: Азовскому музею — 95, in Азовская неделя, 24 May 2012, pp. 1, 4
Zekrach, М.: Хранитель истории, in Приазовье, 23 May 2012, p. 12
Richagova, Е.: От городской управы до музея, in Азовская неделя, 18 May 2006, p. 1
Semyonova, S. V.: Азовская диковина, in Дон. временник, 2009, pp. 146–148
Felotova, Т. А.: Азов и его музей, in Там же., 2007, pp. 59–62
Boranova, G.: Визитная карточка Азова, in Приазовье, 16 May 2002, p. 4
Kravtsova, Е. Хранители древностей, in Новая азов. газ., 23 May 2002, p. 5
Visavskaya, I.: Музей открыл миру Азов, in Азовская неделя, 16 May 2002, p. 1
Gorvenko, А.: Азовский краеведческий, in Приазовье, 18 May 1996, p. 7
Dik, N.: Сокровища кочевников Евразии: об экспозиции музея-заповедника, in Азов, 2010, No. 3 (October), p. 12-13
Boranova, G.: Свидетель истории (история здания музея-заповедника), in Красное Приазовье, 14 August 1984
Visavskaya, I.: Музей открыл миру Азов, in Азовская неделя, 16 May 2002, p. 1
External links
Azov Museums website
Museum.ru - M836
Culture.ru - Institutes/11289
Azov
Museums in Rostov Oblast
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Rostov Oblast |
Dino Storm is a free-to-play, massively multiplayer online game written in Java. Players ride and evolve dinosaurs, explore various game world areas to collect valuables and fight other players for territorial superiority—and ultimately, becoming Sheriff of Dinoville. The game features 3D graphics and runs from a downloadable client.
Plot
The game is set in an alternate Old West where people ride dinosaurs and use laser guns. Players take on the role of lucky prospectors in a Wild West like gold rush. Arriving in the game's main hub city Dinoville after playing a brief tutorial, players soon face herds of prehistoric creatures as well as thieving gangs in their quest to earn wealth and fame while forming clans and alliances. Eventually players can make their way to the top of the town hall by getting elected Sheriff of Dinoville.
Gameplay
In the game, players take control of their human-like avatars ("rangers") and dinosaurs not as separate entities, but as one. They are tasked with helping the local residents of the game world, which in turn lets them progress in the game by means of evolving their dinosaurs, upgrading their laser guns as well as other equipment, and earning fame points.
Dino Storm is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game where players can interact with other players across the world and participate in large-scale player versus player (PvP) battles. Players can engage in PvP combat even in the early game; the importance of PvP clan fights increases towards the endgame, since fame points can be gathered best by controlling sites such as travel gates and claims which are distributed throughout the game world.
Fame points are most relevant for winning seats in Dinoville's town hall. In order to become Sheriff of Dinoville, players need to make their way through a given hierarchy of offices, competing for the limited seats with other players through their fame points; when two players apply for the same office seat, the one who has collected more fame points by the end of the application period wins the seat and can then proceed to move up further in the hierarchy of office.
Starting off on the outskirts of Dinoville, there are a total of six zone maps for players to explore back to back: Dinoville, Goldfields, Mokon Woods, Green Volcano, Coldclaw Valley and Maujak Mountains.
Reception
Mdsdobin Koohestani of mmorpg.com came away with mixed feelings regarding longevity and depth of gameplay, but pointed out that players "will definitely remember their experience with the game". Kotaku's Mike Fahey recommended their readers to try out Dino Storm for themselves, stating that game's offering seemed very attractive: "Dinosaurs. Lasers. Free. Those are the four basic food groups, even if there are only three of them."
Beau Hindman of Engadget, noted that the game offered a level of complexity which they found to be "pretty intricate stuff for a game aimed at very young players". Concerns were voiced regarding the process of reporting users for violating chat rules, where the author suggested that the game should add an easy one-click solution instead of making players go through an external website for filing the report. GameStar criticized how long it would take players to acquire the best items in the game without purchasing Gold Coins, the game's premium currency, writing, "that's a pity, because the graphics, beginner-friendliness and upgrade options are quite good."
Awards
The game won the Best Action Browser MMO 2013 award for both jury and audience votes.
References
ddsd
External links
Official gamepage
Video games developed in Germany
Browser-based multiplayer online games
Windows games
Windows-only games
Free-to-play video games
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
2012 video games
Video games about dinosaurs
Science fiction video games
Science fiction Westerns |
Anapisa lamborni is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Rothschild in 1913. It is found in Nigeria.
References
Endemic fauna of Nigeria
Moths described in 1913
Syntomini
Insects of West Africa
Erebid moths of Africa |
Cheryl Pollak (born August 31, 1967) is an American actress, director and producer.
Biography
Pollak was born in Scottsdale, Arizona and grew up in Greenville, Texas. She graduated from Eisenhower High School in 1985.
She got her start in the entertainment business starring in a series of Jordache jeans commercials. She made her film debut in My Best Friend Is a Vampire. She was a series regular on the television series Hull High, The Heights, Hotel Malibu, and Live Shot.
Personal life
Pollak has been married to actor Richard Murphy since 1999.
Partial filmography
Live Shot (TV Series)...Nancy Lockridge (1995)
Melrose Place (TV Series)...Susan Madsen (1994)
Hotel Malibu (TV Series)...Stephane "Stevie" Mayfield (1994)
Crossing the Bridge...Carol Brockton (1992)
The Heights... Rita MacDougal (1992)
Quantum Leap... Katie McBain (1991)
The Marla Hanson Story a.k.a. Face Value... Marla Hanson (1991)
The Hidden Room (1991)
Hull High (TV series)...Camilla (1990)
Pump Up the Volume...Paige Woodward (1990)
Alien Nation...Kirby Sikes (1989)
Night Life...Charly (1989)
The Dark Side of the Sun...Frances (1988)
21 Jump Street...Diana (1988)
My Best Friend Is a Vampire...Darla Blake (1987)
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
American film actresses
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Scottsdale, Arizona
American women film producers
Film producers from Arizona |
The Fist of the North Star manga by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara was adapted into two animated television series produced by Toei Animation. The original series, simply titled , lasted 109 episodes, which aired on Fuji TV from October 11, 1984, to March 5, 1987, adapting the first 136 chapters of the original manga. A sequel series, Hokuto no Ken 2, took over the previous series' time slot and lasted 43 episodes, airing from March 12, 1987, to February 18, 1988, which adapts chapters 137 to 210 (the final chapters of the manga were not adapted).
Fist of the North Star
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Fist of the North Star 2
Part 5
Part 6
References
External links
Shin Kyuseishu Densetsu - Hokuto no Ken official website
Toei Animation's official Seikimatsu Kyūseishu Densetsu: Hokuto no Ken website
Episodes
Fist of the North Star
ja:北斗の拳 (テレビアニメ) |
Alexandre Douala Manga Bell (3 December 1897 – 19 September 1966 in Douala) was head of the Duala people in Cameroon, German officer and French politician.
Biography
Youth in Germany
Alexandre Douala Manga Bell - then named Alexander Duala Manga Bell - was born on 3 December 1897 in the Douala area as the eldest son of King Rudolf Duala Manga Bell. Cameroon was a German colony at that time. At the age of four Alexander was brought to Germany for education. In the First World War, in 1915, he fought against the British and the French as a German officer at Gallipoli in Turkey, which was allied with Germany. One year before in Cameroon, his father, Rudolf Manga Bell, had been executed after a conflict with the German colonial administration on charges of high treason.
In 1919 in Hamburg Alexander Douala-Bell married Andrea Jimenez Berroa. She was the daughter of the Afro-Cuban pianist Jose Manuel Jimenez Berroa, professor at the Hamburg Music Conservatory, and Emma Mina Filter, descending of an old-established Hamburg family. They had two children, son Jose Emmanuel, born 1920, and daughter Andrea Tüke Ekedi, born 1921.
Life in France and Cameroon
Cameroon became French in 1919 according to the Treaty of Versailles. The French government now forced the moving of Alexandre Douala-Bell to France, expecting this would give a benefit to the legitimacy of the new French rule in Cameroon. On the other hand, the French government distrusted him because of his German background and insisted on "frenchifying" him before returning to Cameroon. In mid-1919, the couple moved to Paris. After some temporary stays, Alexandre Douala-Bell returned to Cameroon in 1922, but without his wife Andrea Manga Bell and the children who remained in Europe. In the following years he had to fight for his position in Cameroon, as well as for his family property, around which he led an 18-year-long lawsuit.
During the Second World War, Alexandre Douala-Bell fought on the side of France and enlisted in Dakar to the French army. In the post-war period, all French colonial territories could send MPs to Paris. Alexandre Douala-Bell was elected to the Constituent Assembly of the Fourth Republic in 1945 as one of the representatives of Cameroon. In the parliamentary elections of 1946 he scored almost a two-thirds majority. In 1951 and 1956 he was re-elected. From 1946 to 1955 he was a member of the MRP (Mouvement républicain populaire), in his last legislative period from 1956 until his retirement in 1958 he was one of the "Indépendants d'outre-mer". In 1952 he was a delegate of France at the UN General Assembly. He was also a member of the Territorial Assembly of Cameroon since 1952.
Death of the son
During a visit of his son Emmanuel at Douala Alexandre shot him in a dispute on 15 September 1947. Alexandre was imprisoned, but released soon on 19 November 1947. The death of his son was classified as an accident and the French Parliament rejected the waiver of immunity. Efforts by Andrea Manga Bell, to achieve a trial despite this, were unsuccessful.
It was not until 1951 that Alexander Douala-Bell was enthroned as head of the Douala (chef supérieure). On 19 September 1966 Alexandre Douala Bell died. His successor as head of Douala was his nephew René Douala Manga Bell. .
Notes
Cameroonian traditional rulers
Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic |
RK Sisak is a Croatian rugby club in Sisak.
History
The club was founded on 15 February 1970 as RK Student by a couple of university students.
External links
RK Sisak
Rugby union teams in Croatia
Rugby clubs established in 1970
1970 establishments in Croatia
Sport in Sisak |
"Manos al Aire" (; ) is a Spanish-language song by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. Written by Furtado, Alex Cuba and James Bryan, it was produced by Furtado and Bryan for the former's fourth studio album, Mi Plan (2009). The song, which translates to "Hands up" or "I surrender", is about "surrendering to love, and vulnerability", as Furtado put it. She felt that the song could only be sung in Spanish because it would be a "train-wreck" if it were sung in English because of the complexity of the lyrics.
It was released by Nelstar Entertainment and Universal Music Latino as the first single to worldwide radio on June 29, 2009. "Manos al Aire" reached number-one on the US Billboard Latin Songs chart, becoming Furtado's first number-one song on the chart as a lead artist. Furtado also became the first North American act to have an originally written Spanish song to reach number-one on the chart. It peaked at number two in Germany, Czech Republic and Italy. It also peaked within the top 10 in Austria, Hungary, Switzerland and Spain. The music video of the song was filmed in Toronto and it portrayed Furtado as an angry lover who, during the video, throws away personal belongings and items, and removing articles of clothing which symbolizes her letting her guard down and surrendering to love. The song won a BMI Award in 2011.
Background and writing
"Manos al Aire" was co-written by Nelly Furtado, James Bryan and Alex Cuba, and produced by Furtado and Bryan. It is a Latin pop song with "a slice of pop/rock with twangy guitars, tight drums and terrific breathy vocals" and has acoustic and dance influences The song's title translates to "Hands in the Air" or "I Surrender". Furtado told MTV that the song is about "surrendering to love, and vulnerability ... and it talks about the dynamic of a relationship and the everyday fight to be a couple". Furtado felt that the emotions that the lyrics portray could only be expressed in Spanish because, as she put it: "There's a complexity going on there that would be a bit of a train-wreck in English." In an interview with Mayor Nissim, of Digital Spy, she further explained the conception of the song. She said that the song's protagonist feels angry but during the chorus says, as she put it, "My hands are in the air, let's work this out". Furtado also felt that if the song was performed in English, she would be labelled "furious or sappy" because of the content. It was recorded by Bryan at the Rumblecone Studios and The Orange Lounge in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and mixed by Demacio "Demo" Castellón.
Critical reception
Mayer Nissim of Digital Spy said: "the fact that 'Manos' and several other songs feature rather Americanised production can prevent them from completely hitting the mark - sad to say, but Furtado's tunes don't always get the Spanish wallop her vocals deserve." Leila Cobo stated that the song "doesn't set the tone for the album, which balances intimacy with commercial appeal."
Michael Cragg, of musicOMH, called the song "a catchy blend of rock guitars and pattering beats". He also wrote that the chorus-line is "one of the few that genuinely stick in the mind".
Chart performance
The single was well received in the United States. During its third week on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, it ascended from number 30 to number 13. After two weeks at number two, "Manos al Aire" replaced Shakira's "Loba" at number-one the Billboard Latin Songs chart, during the week dated September 12, 2009. It became Furtado's first number one song as a lead artist, and her second since Juanes' "Fotografía" topped the chart in 2002. Shakira's "Loba" had regained its place at number-one, ending the song's four week stint at the top spot.
In Italy, "Manos al Aire" debuted at number two and remained at the spot for two consecutive weeks. After it fluctuated down the chart, it climbed up back into the top 10 and remained for four weeks until it left the chart three weeks later. The song peaked at number nine for two consecutive weeks, after spending 10 weeks on the chart in Spain.
Music video
The music video for "Manos al Aire" was filmed in June 2009 in Toronto and premiered on July 29, 2009. It was released to Apple's iTunes Store on August 3, 2009. In the beginning of the video, Furtado is shown driving an army jeep and sporting army gear, all of which she said represents her character's strong ego. As the video progresses, Furtado is shown throwing items and personal belongings out of the Army truck. These belongings are symbolized as her "emotional" weapons. In another scene, Furtado departs from the truck, and begins walking down a street. She also begins shedding her army gear and getting rid of her purse and other articles of clothing, all of which symbolizes letting her guard and defenses down. As the video comes to a conclusion, Furtado, who is vulnerable, shows up to her boyfriend's frontdoor, who greets her with the same defenseless attitude. Per Furtado's request, the video features English subtitles for viewers. The lyrics in the English subtitles for the video are not literal translations, they are an English interpretation of the song, which Furtado herself had written.
Track listing
German 2-track single
"Manos al Aire" — 3:28
"Manos al Aire" (Robbie Rivera Radio Mix) — 3:35
German 4-track single
"Manos al Aire" — 3:28
"Manos al Aire" (Robbie Rivera Radio Mix) — 3:35
"Manos al Aire" (Robbie Rivera Juicy Mix) — 7:07
"Manos al Aire" (Robbie Rivera Radio Mix Instrumental) — 3:33
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the Mi Plan liner notes.
Nelly Furtado – producer
James Bryan – producer, recording engineer, drum programming, guitars, keyboards
Demacio "Demo" Castellón – mixing
Dan Warner – additional guitar, bass
The Demolition Crew – co-producer
Michael Anthony – additional drum programming
Nick Banns – string arrangements
Daniel Stone – percussion
Jason "Metal" Donkersgoed – assistant mixing
Ron Taylor – digital editing
Chris Gerhinger – mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Radio and release dates
See also
List of number-one Billboard Hot Latin Songs of 2009
References
2009 singles
Nelly Furtado songs
Spanish-language songs
Songs written by Nelly Furtado
Songs written by Alex Cuba
Music videos directed by Director X
Universal Music Latino singles
2009 songs
Songs written by James Bryan McCollum |
Golden Age of Music is the first studio album by Arjen Lucassen's Supersonic Revolution. It was released on 19 May 2023 by Music Theories. The album focuses on the 1970s and is musically highly inspired by music from the 1970s, ranging from progressive rock to heavy metal to glam rock.
The project arose from a request of a German music magazine who asked Lucassen for a cover version. He instead proposed to record one for them and with a deadline of one week quickly put together a band with some of his favorite musicians. After recording a cover of ZZ Top's "Heard It on the X", they decided to form a band and record a studio album.
The cover art is designed by Claudio Bergamin. Like the songs, the cover art contains many references to media from the 1970s. This includes references to Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon, Led Zeppelin's Houses of the Holy and Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow.
Track listing
Personnel
Arjen Anthony Lucassen – bass
Joost van den Broek – keyboards
Timo Somers – guitar
Koen Herfst – drums
John Jaycee Cuijpers – vocals
Charts
References
2023 albums
Arjen Lucassen albums
Inside Out Music albums |
Caroline Watt (born 1962) is a Scottish psychologist and professor of parapsychology. She is the holder of the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology at the University of Edinburgh. She is a past president of the Parapsychological Association.
She is an author of several papers and books on parapsychology and runs an online course that helps educate the public about what parapsychology is and to think critically about paranormal claims.
Biography
Watt was born in Perthshire, Scotland in 1962. She graduated with a MA in psychology from the University of St Andrews in 1984, and is a founding member of the University of Edinburgh's Koestler Parapsychology Unit, for which she was recruited as a research assistant in 1986.
She obtained a PhD in psychology in 1993, supervised by the parapsychologist Robert L. Morris.
Watt continued working at the Koestler Parapsychology unit as a research fellow until 2006, when she was appointed as senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Edinburgh. She has also been Perrot-Warrick Senior Researcher since 2010, and in 2016 she took up the new position as second Koestler Chair of Parapsychology at the university.
Watt coauthored the fifth edition of “An Introduction to Parapsychology”, published in 2007, which as of 2010 was the most frequently adopted text by those presenting academic courses on parapsychology and anomalistic psychology.
In 2016, Watt authored "Parapsychology: A Beginner's Guide".
Near-death studies
With neuroscientist Dean Mobbs, in 2011, Watt published a paper on the near-death experience in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences. The paper explains how many common attributes of a near-death experience (an awareness of being dead, out-of-body experiences, seeing a tunnel of light, meeting dead people and a feeling of well-being) have medical or scientific explanations. An awareness of being dead is known as Cotard delusion and is attributed to a brain malfunction with possible causes such as brain tumour, depression or migraine headaches. The paper suggests "that out of-body experiences result from a failure to integrate multi-sensory information from one’s body, which results in the
disruption of the phenomenological elements of self-representation." Seeing a tunnel of light can be caused by a degradation of peripheral vision brought on by extreme fear or hypoxia of the eye. The experience of meeting dead people can be brought on by a number of conditions, such as dopamine malfunction or a macular degeneration such as Charles Bonnet syndrome. A feeling of well-being could be caused by a response from the body's dopamine or endogenous opioid systems. The paper also cites a survey where it was found that approximately half of people reporting a near-death experience were not in danger of dying.
In regards to Sam Parnia's near-death research, which had an objective test that involved pictures or figures hidden on shelves where a patient could not see them when lying down, but would be able to see them if having an out-of-body experience, Watt stated, "The one ‘verifiable period of conscious awareness’ that Parnia was able to report did not relate to this objective test. Rather, it was a patient giving a supposedly accurate report of events during his resuscitation. He didn't identify the pictures, he described the defibrillator machine noise. But that's not very impressive since many people know what goes on in an emergency room setting from seeing recreations on television."
Eye movement and lying
In 2011, Watt was part of a group, along with Richard Wiseman, that published research into the connection between eye movements and telling lies. The research, which was widely reported in the media, found no evidence that eye movements can be used to determine if someone is lying. Reading eye movements is part of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), as according to NLP, people move their eyes in different directions when recalling information compared to when constructing information, i.e., lying.
Watt said, "A large percentage of the public believes that certain eye movements are a sign of lying, and this idea is even taught in organisational training courses. Our research provides no support for the idea and so suggests that it is time to abandon this approach to detecting deceit."
Publication bias
The field of Parapsychology has been known for issues with study replication. Pre-registration of all studies seems to result in less publication bias. In 2012, she and Jim Kennedy founded a study register for their field and in 2019, she produced a scientific paper reporting on the success of such a technique.
Selected publications
Pluviano, S, Watt, C, Della Sala, S. (2017). 'Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies' PLoS One, 12(7): e0181640.
Watt C. (2016). 'Parapsychology: A Beginner's Guide (Oneworld Beginner's Guides)'. .
Wiseman, R, Watt, C, ten Brinke, L, Porter, S, Couper, S-L & Rankin, C. (2012). "The Eyes Don’t Have It: Lie Detection and Neuro-Linguistic Programming" PLoS One, vol. 7, no. 7, e40259.
Mobbs, D. & Watt, C. (2011). "There is nothing paranormal about near-death experiences: How neuroscience can explain seeing bright lights, meeting the dead, or being convinced you are one of them". Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 447–506.
Easter, A. & Watt, C. (2011). "It's good to know: How treatment knowledge and belief affect the outcome of distance healing intentionality for arthritis sufferers". Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71, 86–89.
Wiseman, R. & Watt, C. (2010). "'Twitter' as a new research tool: Proof of principle with a mass-participation test of remote viewing." European Journal of Parapsychology, 25, 89–100.
Rabeyron, T. & Watt, C. (2010). "Paranormal experiences, mental health and mental boundaries, and psi". Personality and Individual Differences, 48:4, 487–492.
Irwin, Harvey J. and Watt, Caroline A. (2007) An Introduction to Parapsychology, 5th edition. .
Watt, C., Watson, S., & Wilson, L. (2007). "Cognitive and psychological mediators of anxiety: Evidence from a study of paranormal belief and perceived childhood control". Personality and Individual Differences, 42:2, 335–343.
Watt, C. (2006). "Research assistants or budding scientists? A Review of 96 undergraduate student projects at the Koestler Parapsychology Unit". Journal of Parapsychology, 70, 335–356.
Wiseman, R. & Watt, C. (2006). "Belief in psychic ability and the misattribution hypothesis: A qualitative review". British Journal of Psychology, 97, 323–338.
Wiseman, R., Watt, C., Stevens, P., Greening, E., & O’Keeffe, C. (2003). "An investigation into alleged ‘hauntings’". British Journal of Psychology, 94, 195–211.
Watt, C. & Wiseman, R. (2002). "Experimenter differences in cognitive correlates of paranormal belief and in psi". Journal of Parapsychology, 66, 371–408.
References
External links
"The Search for Evidence", by Caroline Watt, in The Guardian, 2009.
Caroline Watt's blog, Koestler Parapsychology Unit website.
List of research.
"Parapsychology: The science of the paranormal - Caroline Watt", interview on the Forward Thinking podcast, 29 September 2017.
1962 births
Living people
Scottish sceptics
British parapsychologists
Scottish psychologists
Scottish women psychologists
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
People from Perth and Kinross
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Sekban were mercenaries of peasant background in the Ottoman Empire. The term sekban initially referred to irregular military units, particularly those without guns, but ultimately it came to refer to any army outside the regular military. The sekbans were not only loyal to the Ottoman state, but they could become loyal to anyone who paid them a sufficient salary.
These troops were maintained by raising a tax called the sekban aqçesi. They were recruited in such numbers that they became the most numerous component of the imperial armies. The use of these troops ultimately led to grave consequences: the end of hostilities, as in the war against Persia in 1590 and the war against Austria in 1606, saw a large number of sekban without employment or means of livelihood. As a result, many of these soldiers took to brigandage and revolt, and they plundered much of Anatolia between 1596 and 1610.
Rivalries between the janissaries and the sekban ultimately resulted in a rebellion. After the janissaries had been defeated on the Rumelian front, they marched on Istanbul in 1687 to depose Mehmed IV. The latter appointed Yeğen Osman Aga, a self-made sekban commander, to hold the janissaries in check. Yeğen Osman failed to accomplish this however, and Mehmed IV was deposed.
His successor, Suleyman II, continued the policy of his predecessor, making Yeğen Osman governor-general of Rumelia. Yeğen Osman, by then a Pasha, then attempted to become grand vizier. When this happened, the incumbent grand vizier outlawed the sekban corps, threatening soldiers who proved unwilling to disperse with execution, and a civil war ensued.
The sekban gained the upper hand, but a further volte-face of the Ottoman central administration saw Yeğen Osman captured and executed. This did not end the sekban rebellions, and while in 1698 the Sultan reached an agreement with the sekban, extending them guarantees in return for future good behaviour, the agreement was rapidly broken, and sekban rebellions continued throughout the 18th century.
See also
Sekbanbaşı Mosque
References
Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire
Auxiliary units and formations
Mercenary units and formations of the Early Modern era |
Newcastelia is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described in 1857 by Ferdinand von Mueller, who placed it in the family, Verbenaceae. The entire genus is endemic to Australia.
Species
Newcastelia bracteosa F.Muell. - Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory
Newcastelia cephalantha F.Muell. - Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland
Newcastelia cladotricha F.Muell. - Western Australia, Northern Territory
Newcastelia elliptica Munir - Western Australia, Northern Territory
Newcastelia hexarrhena F.Muell. - Western Australia
Newcastelia insignis E.Pritz. - Western Australia
Newcastelia interrupta Munir - Queensland
Newcastelia roseoazurea Rye - Western Australia
Newcastelia spodiotricha F.Muell. - Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory
Newcastelia velutina Munir - Queensland
Gallery
See also
Rye, B. L. (1996) A taxonomic review of the genera Lachnostachys, Newcastelia and Physopsis (Chloanthaceae) in Western Australia
Wheeler, J. R.; Rye, B. L.; Koch, B. L.; Wilson, A. J. G.; Western Australian Herbarium (1992). Flora of the Kimberley region. Western Australian Herbarium. Como, W.A.
Blackall, William E.; Grieve, Brian J. (1981). How to know Western Australian wildflowers : a key to the flora of the extratropical regions of Western Australia. Part IIIB, (Epacridaceae-Lamiaceae). University of W.A. Press. Perth.
References
Lamiaceae genera
Endemic flora of Australia
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
Plants described in 1957 |
I Belong to the Zoo is a Filipino indie pop rock band. I Belong to the Zoo started as a solo folk project by Argee Guerrero. After the success of their debut studio album, Guerrero expended the project into a band with Simon Clariza and Lee De Veyra on guitars, Kristoff Medina on bass, and Ow Owyong on drums. The band has more than three hundred million total Spotify streams, averaging 1.2 million monthly listeners.
Associated acts of the band include Mayonnaise, Reese Lansangan, Moira Dela Torre, Gabba Santiago, Clara Benin, Paolo Tabuena of Runway Crimes, and Tonight We Sleep. Tabuena is a frequent collaborator of the band, and has directed the music video of their song "Paumanhin". Guerrero is also the vocalist and guitarist of the band Tonight We Sleep.
History
Performing solo, 2002–2007
As a grade 7 student, Guerrero was exposed to live rock performances, which inspired him to pursue a career in music.
Guerrero began performing solo acoustic shows and using his own name, but found it challenging as he perceived the use of his own name as boastful. He then performed under the stage name Fireplace Letters.
By 2007, Guerrero stopped performing solo and went on to form the band Tonight We Sleep.
Tonight We Sleep, 2007–present
Guerrero, Ton Vergel de Dios (guitar), Rex Ferriols (bass) and Paolo Owyong (drums) formed the band Tonight We Sleep in 2007. Guerrero and Owyong served as songwriters for the band. They were managed by Mary Moon Productions.
I Belong to the Zoo, the solo project, 2014–2018
In 2014, Guerrero started a solo musical career as he felt that some of the songs that he wrote are too mellow and emotional for Tonight We Sleep. Guerrero said that he incorporates his personal experience in the songs for I Belong to the Zoo, which is not the case for the songs he wrote for Tonight We Sleep.
The name I Belong to the Zoo came from a parody of Happy Birthday to You with the lyrics, “Happy birthday to you, I belong to the zoo” which Guerrero used to serenade his then-girlfriend. Guerrero further explained that the phrase described himself in a nutshell saying, "The name kind of just stuck [...] As a kid, I was teased for the way I look. ‘I belong to the zoo’ was my way of owning it.”
In 2017, I Belong to the Zoo released its self-titled debut album.
I Belong to the Zoo, the band, 2018–present
After the success of the first album, I Belong to the Zoo then expanded to a five-member band which is now composed of Guerrero (vocals and guitar), Owyong (drums) , Simon Clariza (guitar), Lee De Veyra (guitar), and Kristoff Medina (bass).
After testing positive for COVID-19 in August 2020, Guerrero advised his fans to stay home and wear masks properly. He was able to recover within the same month. Along with the news of his recovery, he released a cover of Taking Back Sunday's "MakeDamnSure" with Tabuena and Paolo Owyong.
In 2021, the band released its second studio album, Kapiling.
Musical style and influences
I Belong to the Zoo's music has been described as folk, indie rock, and currently, pop rock. It was described as in the same musical territory of Keaton Henson, William Fitzsimmons, Dallas Green, and Damien Rice. Guerrero further explained that he listened to lots of Rice's music which became the main influence for I Belong to the Zoo. However, according to Guerrero, his music influences are mostly OPM rock bands such as Greyhoundz, Slapshock, and Quezo.
When it comes to songwriting, Guerrero cites Dashboard Confessional as a key influence, particularly how the vocalist Chris Carraba performed in their MTV Unplugged 2.0 live album.
Band members
Argee Guerrero – lead vocals, guitars
Simon Clariza – guitars
Lee De Veyra – guitars
Kristoff Medina – bass
Paolo "Ow" Owyong – drums
Discography
Albums
I Belong to the Zoo (Self-released, 2017)
Kapiling (Self-released, 2021)
Singles
As lead artist
As featured artist
In other media
In 2017, the songs "Porter", "Ruin" (with Reese Lansangan), and "Pity Party" appeared in the TV5 series, Forever Sucks.
In 2019, "Sana" appeared in the film Open.
In 2021, the WeTV series Pasabuy used "Balang Araw", "In an Instant", and "Pansamantala".
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
External links
Cornerstone Entertainment
Filipino pop music groups
Musical groups from Quezon City
Filipino rock music groups |
Prewitt is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. Prewitt is located along Interstate 40, northwest of Grants. Prewitt has a post office with ZIP code 87045.
Geography
Prewitt is within the Baca/Prewitt (Kin Łigaaí) Chapter House boundary in the "Checkerboard Area" of the Navajo Nation. This means that Prewitt lies within the external boundaries of the Navajo Nation, but contains a mix of tribal, BLM, state, and private lands. It is a part of the Zuni Uplift, and is characterized by piñon/juniper woodland, red rock hoodoos, mesas, and desert grasslands.
Demographics
Education
Prewitt is the home of Baca /Dlo'Ay Azhi Community School run by the Bureau of Indian Education. Baca /Dlo'Ay Azhi Community School serves grades K-6. The Associated Deputy Director for this school is Navajo Schools in Window Rock, AZ and the Education Resource Center is Crownpoint.
It is in Gallup-McKinley County Public Schools. Zoned schools are Thoreau Elementary School, Thoreau Middle School, and Thoreau High School.
Points of interest
Bluewater Lake State Park
Casamero Pueblo
Trail of the Ancients Scenic Byway
Prewitt Fairgrounds, home of the annual Bi-County Fair
Historic Route 66
Notable people
Paddy Martinez, prospector who discovered uranium at Haystack Mesa
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Census-designated places in McKinley County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Unincorporated communities in McKinley County, New Mexico
Unincorporated communities in New Mexico |
Jeanette Erazo Heufelder (born Jeanette Erazo: 1964) is a German ethnologist. She has become known as an author and documentary film maker of biographical and literary pieces. Her particular regional focus is on Latin America.
Life
Jeanette Erazo was born in Bavaria. Her mother was German and her father was from Ecuador. She attended Munich University where she studied Ethnology and during which time she undertook field research in the Ecuadorian Andes and on the Galápagos Islands. She received her doctorate from the Arts and Social Anthropology Faculty at the University of Marburg in 1993. Her dissertation concerned culture and ethnicity, focusing on Salasaca as an example.
She is married to the documentary film maker Sylvio Heufelder, with whom she has worked professionally.
Works
Jeanette Erazo Heufelder wrote film scripts for documentary films and created film portraits of Latin American artists and human rights activists such as the Guatemalan Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú and the Colombian Gloria Cuartas, who as mayor of Apartadó struggled against the power of the paramilitaries and drug mafias and was honoured by UNESCO as a "mayor for peace". Her researches and film work in Latin America provided the basis for themes to which she returned in subsequent biographical and other written pieces.
In 1995 she got to know Fidel Castro personally while she was in Havanna working on a film about the painter and sculptor Oswaldo Guayasamín. Her biography "Fidel. Ein privater Blick auf den Máximo Líder" ("Fidel: a private glimpse of the top leader") appeared in 2004. She blended discussions with comrades, contemporaries and opponents into a collection of "anecdotes, facts, legends and quotes" to present the Cuban leader in all his contradictions.
"Der Smaragdkönig. Victor Carranza und das grüne Gold der Anden" ("The emerald king: Victor Carranza and the Green Gold of the Andes") was a literary reportage on the world of mine workers and emerald barons in Colombia. With this book, Erazo Heufelder was nominated for the international "Lettre Ulysses Award" for reportage.
"Drogenkorridor Mexiko" ("Drugs corridor Mexico") appeared in 2011. It dealt with the "drugs war" in Mexico. Erazo Heufelder's research for it included a five-week journey away from the main roads through the frontier region alongside the United States border, from the west coast near Culiacán, where Joaquín Guzmán's Sinaloa Cartel calls the shots, to Ciudad Juárez on the Texan frontier. At each stage along her travels she found traces of violence and spoke with people living in the "drugs regions". She gathered day-to-day stories and linked them with the history of the area. The strength of her reportage, according to Carsten Hueck, is to be found in the way that she manages to blend together stories of brutality against drugs cartel victims with the otherwise anonymous statistics. She writes of a war that has become normality. Peter Schumann writes that with this book Jeanette Erazo Heufelder has provided "the first comprehensive presentation of the subject that is grounded in reality-based reportage".
References
German ethnologists
German documentary film directors
German non-fiction writers
People from Potsdam
1964 births
Living people
Film people from Bavaria |
The 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Olympic Stadium on August 8 and August 9.
Medals
Results
All times shown are in seconds.
Semi-finals
Heat 1
(Chryste Gaines, Marion Jones, Inger Miller, Gail Devers) 41.52 Q (WL)
(Frédérique Bangué, Christine Arron, Delphine Combe, Sylviane Félix) 42.53 Q (NR)
(Beatrice Utondu, Endurance Ojokolo, Angela Atede, Chioma Ajunwa) 43.00 Q
(Maria Tsoni, Ekaterini Koffa, Marina Vasarmidou, Ekaterini Thanou) 43.15
(Nova Peris, Lauren Hewitt, Melinda Gainsford-Taylor, Cathy Freeman) 43.21 (SB)
(Rita da Cassia Araujo Gomes, Katia Regina Santos, Cleide Amaral, Lucimar Aparecida de Moura) 43.89 (NR)
(Elena Sordelli, Giada Gallina, Manuela Grillo, Manuela Levorato) 44.16
(Oksana Kaydash, Viktoriya Fomenko, Iryna Pukha, Anzhela Kravchenko) DQ
Heat 2
(Eldece Clarke-Lewis, Savatheda Fynes, Debbie Ferguson, Pauline Davis-Thompson) 42.19 Q
(Beverly McDonald, Merlene Frazer, Juliet Cuthbert, Beverly Grant) 42.31 Q (SB)
(Melanie Paschke, Esther Möller, Birgit Rockmeier, Andrea Philipp) 42.51 Q (SB)
(Olga Povtaryova, Galina Malchugina, Marina Trandenkova, Yekaterina Leshchova) 42.69 q (SB)
(Pei Fang, Yan Jiankui, Liu Xiaomei, Li Xuemei) 42.92 q (AR)
(Sandra Borrero, Felipa Palacios, Patricia Rodríguez, Mirtha Brock) 43.51 (SB)
(Sanna Koivisto, Johanna Manninen, Sanna Hernesniemi-Kyllönen, Anu Pirttimaa) 44.08 (SB)
(Hideko Kijinami, Kaori Yoshida, Toshie Iwamoto, Motoka Arai) 44.56
Final
(Chryste Gaines, Marion Jones, Inger Miller, Gail Devers) 41.47 (CR)
(Beverly McDonald, Merlene Frazer, Juliet Cuthbert, Beverly Grant) 42.10 (SB)
(Patricia Girard, Christine Arron, Delphine Combe, Sylviane Félix) 42.21 (NR)
(Melanie Paschke, Esther Möller, Birgit Rockmeier, Andrea Philipp) 42.44 (SB)
(Olga Povtaryova, Galina Malchugina, Marina Trandenkova, Yekaterina Leshchova) 42.50 (SB)
(Eldece Clarke-Lewis, Savatheda Fynes, Debbie Ferguson, Pauline Davis-Thompson) 42.77
(Beatrice Utondu, Endurance Ojokolo, Angela Atede, Falilat Ogunkoya) 43.27
(Pei Fang, Yan Jiankui, Liu Xiaomei, Li Xuemei) 43.32
References
Official results, semi-finals - IAAF.org
Official results, final - IAAF.org
4 x 100 metres relay women
Relays at the World Athletics Championships
1997 in women's athletics |
Rhinotragus bizonatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.
References
Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1911 |
The Cantabrian Water Dog () is a landrace breed of dog developed in the coast of Cantabria, northern Spain, as an assistant to fishermen. The breed was classified and recognized by the Breeds Committee of the Spanish Ministry of Environment on 22 March 2011. It is recognised by the Royal Canine Society of Spain as a variety of the Spanish water dog.
History of the variety
The Cantabrian Water Dog is an ancestral population in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, whose origins seem to be common to Barbet. The breed is socially, culturally and historically rooted in the towns and villages of the whole coast of Cantabria and eastern Asturias. The work of this breed has been traditionally related to fishing work: collecting fishes that fell into the water, watching the ships when they were moored in port, taking the rope between ships and to the dock, or acting like a lifeguard.
Features
The population of Cantabrian Water Dog shows a clear morphological and genetic differentiation that allows discrimination from other dog populations in the same group with close geographic distribution. One genetic study place it as close to the Spanish Water Dog as to the Barbet or Caniche. These animals are lighter and shorter than those of the Spanish breed, where they were previously included. Thus, 75% of males and 38% of females would be excluded from the breed standard for height at the withers, while using the criterion of weight, 91% of males and 80% females would be excluded. The coat is wooly and curly, and the color can be black, brown, beige, or white. Males are normally under 20 inches at shoulder level. The life expectancy is about 12-14 years.
See also
Dogs portal
List of dog breeds
References
External links
Cantabrian Water Dog Association
Dog landraces
Rare dog breeds
Gundogs
Water dogs
Herding dogs
Dog breeds originating in Cantabria |
Jeremiah White (born April 3, 1982) is an American former soccer player. He was known for his speed and normally played in midfield, though he was also used as a striker or fullback.
Youth career
White attended The Haverford School for high school, and was a member of the soccer team, earning All-American honors. He also played on the Region I ODP and adidas ESP teams. White played with the youth club FC Delco while in school, and was named the club's player of the year while still a senior in high school.
White chose to play collegiate soccer for Wake Forest University, over other top universities such as Duke, Clemson, Maryland, and South Carolina. White played as a forward during his freshman season with the Demon Deacons, scoring his first collegiate goal against UNC-Charlotte, a goal that won that particular match in overtime.
White's sophomore season was a success, as he led the ACC in scoring, becoming the first Wake Forest player to do so since 1983. He recorded his first career hat-trick against the University of Richmond during this season.
Injury plagued White's junior season at Wake Forest, keeping him out of the starting eleven until October 29. Despite the injuries, White still led the team in scoring, and was named to the All-ACC team for the second year in a row.
In 2003, White's senior year, he was named ACC Player of the Year, and was named to the All-ACC team for the third straight year.
Professional career
OFK Beograd
Following graduation from Wake Forest, White went to Europe, in an effort to prove that he could succeed there. He signed with Serbian club OFK Beograd, in January 2004, shunning offers from Major League Soccer, where he had been drafted in the third round of the MLS SuperDraft by the New England Revolution. White's short time with OFK Beograd was marred by a racism incident that occurred in March 2004, and received international media attention. White and a group of friends, including two black Brazilians, were confronted by a group of angry youth, one of whom, according to White, was "throwing around Nazi signs." Fierce words were exchanged, punches were thrown, and the groups eventually separated with no serious damage incurred. News organizations like BBC, RAI, and CNN picked up on the story, and White was headline news around the world for a short time. A month later, White asked for, and was granted, release from his contract on April 6, 2004, which led to speculation that White was leaving the team as a result of the incident. White dismissed this, saying, "That's the farthest thing from the truth."
Panserraikos
After his release from OFK Beograd, White set up a series of trials with clubs throughout Europe, including Dutch club Feyenoord, and Belgian club K.V.C. Westerlo. White was close to having a deal completed with Westerlo, but he instead signed with Greek Second Division side Panserraikos on a one-year contract.
White made his debut for the club on September 19, 2004, against AEL. He had a shot stopped by the AEL keeper in the 82nd minute, but the ensuing corner kick led to the match's only goal, scored by Kelvin Sebwe, giving Panserraikos a 1–0 win. While with Panserraikos, White was frequently played out of position as a target forward, as opposed to his preferred withdrawn striker position. Playing as a target forward is extremely unusual for a player who is only 5 feet, 8 inches tall. In addition, White claimed that the club physically altered his contract after he signed, attempting to claim that he signed for two years instead of one. White was also forced to play through injury, and eventually suffered a severe concussion that kept him out of action for two months. Following his recovery, White asked for, and after a dispute, was granted his release from the club in January 2005.
FC Gueugnon
For the second time in six months, White found himself without a team, and again set up trials across Europe, spending time with FC Nordsjælland of the Danish Superliga and FC Gueugnon of French Ligue 2. White signed with the French club on June 6, 2005, agreeing to a two-year contract.
White spent most of his early time with Gueugnon's reserve team, but eventually got his first goal of his Ligue 2 career on November 25, 2005, scoring the game-winning goal on a free kick from 28 yards out to beat Le Havre AC. Ten games into the season, White led the team in scoring with four goals, yet still failed to see consistent playing time.
AGF Aarhus
White turned his eyes towards Scandinavia, landing trials with Lyn Oslo of the Norwegian Tippeligaen and with AGF Aarhus of the Danish First Division. White agreed to a three-and-a-half year contract with the Danish club on January 28, 2007. The club was relegated from the Danish Superliga in 2006, but after signing players like Olof Persson and Kári Árnason, they were widely expected to make a return to the top flight for the 2007–08 season. White made his debut for AGF on April 1, 2007, starting as a midfielder against Fremad Amager. AGF won the match 4–1, with White scoring his first goal for the club in the 15th minute. AGF secured promotion to the Danish Superliga by beating Kolding 2–0 on June 17, 2007, with White playing the full 90 minutes. During a friendly against FC Midtjylland over the 2007–08 winter break, White was involved in an accidental collision, which resulted in three facial fractures that required surgery. He made a speedy recovery and was back on the field in record time. The start of the 2008–09 season was marked with highs and lows under Ove Pedersen's management. During the holiday break, AGF decided to move in a new direction with the hiring of Erik Rasmussen as chief trainer. The team has since hovered between 5th & 7th places while getting their new system running smoothly. In December 2009, White and AGF mutually agreed to terminate his contract 6 months early.
Ettifaq FC
In January 2010, White signed with Saudi Arabian club Ettifaq FC, becoming the second American to play in a Middle Eastern country.
GKS Bełchatów
In the summer 2010, he moved to Polish club GKS Bełchatów on a one-year contract.
MLS
White was signed by the New England Revolution in March 2012. He was waived on June 27, 2012.
National team
White made his international debut for the United States on January 19, 2008, in a friendly match against Sweden. The squad was largely composed of MLS players, with a few players from Scandinavian leagues. White came on as a substitute in the 2–0 win.
References
External links
AGF profile
National Sports Group (Player's representation)
1982 births
Living people
African-American men's soccer players
American men's soccer players
Soccer players from Washington, D.C.
United States men's international soccer players
Men's association football wingers
Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer players
Ocean City Nor'easters players
USL League Two players
American expatriate men's soccer players
OFK Beograd players
Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia and Montenegro
Panserraikos F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
FC Gueugnon players
New England Revolution players
Ligue 2 players
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Aarhus Gymnastikforening players
Danish Superliga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
GKS Bełchatów players
Al-Ettifaq FC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Ekstraklasa players
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Major League Soccer players
New England Revolution draft picks
Haverford School alumni
Saudi Pro League players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
American expatriate sportspeople in Serbia and Montenegro
American expatriate sportspeople in Greece
American expatriate sportspeople in France
American expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
American expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
American expatriate sportspeople in Poland |
The Hunan softshell turtle (Pelodiscus axenaria) is a species of turtle in the family Trionychidae, the softshells. It is endemic to China, where it occurs in Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi provinces. It is found in Taoyuan, Pingjiang, Rucheng, Lingling, and Shaoyang counties of Hunan province (Zhou, Zhang & Fang, 1991).
References
Bibliography
Pelodiscus
Endemic fauna of China
Reptiles described in 1991 |
The Inter-Colonial Tournament was the main first class cricket competition in the West Indies held between 1892-93 and 1938-39.
Competing teams
Barbados
British Guiana
Trinidad
In the early tournaments British Guiana were sometimes referred to as Demerara. For simplicity British Guiana is used in the article.
The tournament was restricted to Amateurs. This excluded many of the leading black cricketers who were often Professionals.
Origins
A tournament between Barbados, British Guiana and Trinidad took place in 1891. Each team played the other, and then there was a final between the leading two teams. During this tournament a suggestion was made by Hon. Aucher Warner that there should be a regular series of matches between the three colonies to be played alternately at each colony.
By the time of the next tournament in 1893, a cup had been subscribed for but British Guiana were unable to take part, Barbados being winners again. This 1893 match is regarded as the first proper tournament.
Barbados as winners of the 1893 tournament were automatic finalists for the 1895 tournament, the other two teams playing to decide who would play them. The same procedure was used in the subsequent tournaments.
Due to travel costs and logistics of travelling to the other colonies, Jamaica never took part in the Inter-Colonial Tournament.
Results
British Guiana did not take part in 1893–94. The 13th series was unfinished, the final between Trinidad and Barbados being left drawn with the Barbados team needing to catch the boat home.
Initially the tournament was held every two years but after the 8th series it became an annual event although a number of years were missed for various reasons.
Summary
Of the 27 official series Trinidad won 11, Barbados won 10 and British Guiana won 5 with one unfinished.
Trinidad competed in 24 of the 27 finals, Barbados 19 and British Guiana 11.
In matches between Trinidad and Barbados, Trinidad won 11 and Barbados won 9 with 1 drawn. In matches between Trinidad and British Guiana, Trinidad won 13 and British Guiana won 6. In matches between Barbados and British Guiana, Barbados won 8 and British Guiana won 5.
References
Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – A Guide to First Class Cricket Played in the West Indies
Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – Complete First-class Match List, Volume 1 1801–1914
Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – Complete First-class Match List, Volume 2 1914/15-1944/45
Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians – First Class Cricket Matches (various years)
First-Class Cricket: A Complete Record (various years)
Statistics of West Indies Cricket 1865–1989, Jimmy Richards & Mervyn Wong
CricketArchive
West Indian domestic cricket competitions
West Indian cricket in the 20th century
First-class cricket competitions |
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is the body responsible for accrediting all graduate medical training programs (i.e., internships, residencies, and fellowships, a.k.a. subspecialty programs) for physicians in the United States. It is a non-profit private council that evaluates and accredits medical residency and internship programs.
History
The ACGME was founded in 1981 and was preceded by the Liaison Committee for Graduate Medical Education, which was established in 1972.
The ACGME currently oversees the post-graduate education and training for all MD and DO physicians in the United States.
The ACGME's member organizations are the American Board of Medical Specialties, American Hospital Association, American Medical Association, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Osteopathic Association (AOA), American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM), and the Council of Medical Specialty Societies each of whom appoints members to the ACGME's board of directors.
In 2014, the ACGME, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) and the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) announced an agreement to pursue a single, unified accreditation system for graduate medical education programs in the United States beginning in 2015. Plans called for the ACGME to accredit all osteopathic graduate medical education programs, which went into effect on July 1, 2020.
Projects
The Clinical Learning Environment Review project promotes patient safety, quality during changes in care, appropriate supervision of care, managing fatigue of residents, and increasing the professionalism of physicians.
From July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2020, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) worked on a single accreditation system for all US residency programs. Before this date, only MD residencies were ACGME-accredited, while DO residencies were AOA-accredited.
Outcome Project
The Outcome Project began in 2001 with a set of assessments for measuring physician competence. By 2009, it was recognized that ACGME measurements could not reliably be evaluated independently of each other and instead should be used together and with other measurements.
The ACGME introduced milestones in internal medicine, pediatrics, and surgery for assessing progress of residents toward the six identified competencies. Milestones can be evaluated by numerous methods ranging from direct observation of clinical encounters to medical simulation.
Awards
Awards handed out by the ACGME include the David C Leach award and Palmer award. Many of the awardees have notably earned multiple national level awards including both ACGME and American Medical Association award recognition.
See also
Comparison of MD and DO Residencies in the United States
International Association of Medical Colleges
References
External links
1981 establishments in the United States
Medical education in the United States
Medical regulation in the United States
School accreditors |
ECON (not to be confused with companies in other countries with the same name) was a Greek conglomerate, named after its founder Christos Economides. It was founded in 1950 as an engineering company but it progressively diversified in other areas including defence equipment, focusing during the 1980s on electronics and electro-optical system development and production. By 1995 it had rapidly evolved into a major defence group with four factories involved in high-tech constructions, including mechanical engineering, optics, electronics, digital imaging equipment, explosives etc. However, this growth was followed by an equally rapid collapse only a few years later, leading to one more dark page in the history of Greek defence industry. Parts of the company were reorganized into Thalis sensors (later Theon sensors).
External links/References
L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012) (eBook)
1995 Interview of Mr. D. Economides (in Greek)
Theon sensors company site
Defence companies of Greece
Greek brands |
Kapitan Cina, also spelled Kapitan China or Capitan China (; ; ), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively.
Pre-colonial origin
The origin of the office, under various different native titles, goes back to court positions in the precolonial states of Southeast Asia, such as the Sultanates of Malacca in the Malay peninsula, the Sultanate of Banten in Java, and the Kingdom of Siam in mainland Southeast Asia. Many rulers assigned self-governance to local foreign communities, including the Chinese, under their own headmen. Often, these headmen also had responsibilities beyond their local communities, in particular in relation to foreign trade or tax collection.
For example, Souw Beng Kong and Lim Lak Ko, the first two Kapiteins der Chinezen of Batavia, present-day Jakarta, started off as high-ranking courtiers and functionaries to the Sultans of Banten prior to their defection to the Dutch East India Company in the early seventeenth century. Similarly, the court title of Chao Praya Chodeuk Rajasrethi in Thailand under the early Chakri dynasty combined the roles of Chinese headman and head of the Department of Eastern Affairs and Commerce. In the late nineteenth century, Kapitan Cina Yap Ah Loy, arguably the founding father of modern Kuala Lumpur, capital of Malaysia, served as Chinese headman while holding the Malay court position of Sri Indra Perkasa Wijaya Bakti.
Role in European colonialism
When Europeans established colonial rule in Southeast Asia, this system of indirect rule was adopted: first by the Portuguese when they took over Malacca in 1511, then in subsequent centuries by the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies, as well as the British in British Malaya and Borneo. Use of the title 'Kapitan' in the civil administration has parallels in the sixteenth-century, colonial Portuguese Captaincies of Brazil.
Since then, a long succession of Kapitans formed an intrinsic part of colonial history in Southeast Asia. Kapitans were pivotal in consolidating European colonial rule, and in facilitating large-scale Chinese migration to Southeast Asia, or 'Nanyang' as the region is known in Chinese history. Instrumental to the establishment of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia were Chinese allies, such as Kapitein Souw Beng Kong and Kapitein Lim Lak Ko in early seventeenth-century Batavia and Banten; and the brothers Soero Pernollo and Kapitein Han Bwee Kong in early eighteenth-century East Java. In British territories, important Chinese allies and collaborators include Koh Lay Huan, first Kapitan Cina of Penang in the late eighteenth century; Choa Chong Long and Tan Tock Seng, the founding Kapitans of Singapore in the early nineteenth century; and Yap Ah Loy, Kapitan Cina of Kuala Lumpur in the late nineteenth century.
Yet due to their power and influence, many Kapitans were also focal points of resistance against European colonial rule. For instance, in the aftermath of Batavia's Chinese Massacre of 1740, the city's Chinese headman, Kapitein Nie Hoe Kong, became an important player in the so-called Chinese War, or 'Perang Cina', between the Dutch East India Company and a Chinese-Javanese alliance. Over a century later, the Kapiteins of the kongsi republics in Borneo led their people in the so-called Kongsi Wars against Dutch colonial incursions from the late nineteenth until the early twentieth century.
With the consolidation of colonial rule, the Kapitans became part of the civil bureaucracy in Portuguese, Dutch and British colonies. They exercised both executive and judicial powers over local Chinese communities under the colonial authorities. In British territories, the position lost its importance over time, gradually becoming an honorary rank for community leaders before its final abolition in the late nineteenth or the start of the twentieth century. In contrast, the position was consolidated and further elaborated in Dutch territories, and remained an important part of the Dutch colonial government until the Second World War and the end of colonialism.
The institution in colonial Indonesia
The institution of Kapitan Cina was most fully developed in colonial Indonesia, where an intricate hierarchy of Chinese officieren, or Chinese officers, was put in place by the Dutch authorities. The officers acted as Hoofden der Chinezen ('Heads of the Chinese'), that is as the legal and political administrators of the local Chinese community. There were three separate ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen depending on the incumbent's seniority in the administrative structure, the importance of their territory or their own personal merit. Thus, the post of Majoor only existed in the colony's principal cities: Batavia, Semarang and Surabaya in Java, and Medan in Sumatra. The Majoor in each of these jurisdictions presided over lower-ranking officers, who sat in council together as the Kong Koan (Dutch: 'Chinese Raad'; English: 'Chinese Council') of their local territory. In jurisdictions deemed less important, the presiding officer bore the rank of Kapitein or Luitenant.
The officers-in-council acted as an executive governmental body, implementing the directives of the colonial government, as well as a court of law on family and customary law and petty crimes. They were seen as the colonial equivalent of a Yamen, or governmental magistracy, in Imperial China. Below the Chinese officers were the Wijkmeesters or ward masters in charge of constituent districts within each officer's territory. In addition, the officers also had recourse to their own basic police force to enforce their executive and judicial decisions.
These officerial titles were also given by the Dutch colonial government on an honorary basis to retired officers or meritorious community leaders. Thus, a retired Luitenant might be granted the honorary rank of Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen; or in very rare cases, a retired officer might be given an honorary promotion, such as the famously wealthy Luitenant Oei Tiong Ham, who became an honorary Majoor upon retirement from the colonial administration. Titular lieutenancies or captaincies were also sometimes granted to meritorious community leaders outside the bureaucracy.
Sitting Chinese officers, together with Arab and Indian officers, formed part of the colonial government's Bestuur over de Vreemde Oosterlingen or the Department of 'Foreign Orientals'. As part of the Dutch policy of Indirect Rule, all the three racial castes in the Indies - Europeans, 'Foreign Orientals' and natives - had political and legal self-governance under the oversight of the Dutch government. The native counterpart of the officers was the Pamong Pradja, or the native civil service, with its equally elaborate hierarchy of Regents, Wedanas, Asistent-Wedanas and Camats.
The Chinese officership came to be dominated on a near-hereditary basis by a small, oligarchic group of interrelated, landowning families. They formed the so-called Cabang Atas, or the traditional Chinese establishment or gentry of colonial Indonesia. As a social class, they exerted a powerful social, economic and political influence on colonial life in Indonesia beyond the local Chinese community. The descendants of Chinese officers are entitled by colonial Indonesian custom to the hereditary title of 'Sia'.
In the early twentieth century, in keeping with their so-called 'Ethical Policy', the Dutch colonial authorities made concerted efforts to appoint Chinese officers and other government officials based on merit. Some of these candidates came from outside traditional Cabang Atas families, including totok appointees, such as Tjong A Fie, Majoor der Chinezen (1860–1921) in Medan, Lie Hin Liam, Luitenant der Chinezen in Tangerang, and Khoe A Fan, Luitenant der Chinezen in Batavia.
Despite Dutch attempts at reforming the Chinese officership, the institution and the Cabang Atas as a traditional elite both came under attack from modernizing voices in the late colonial era. Their loss of prestige and respect within the local Chinese community led the Dutch colonial government to phase out the officership gradually all through the early twentieth century. Officerships were often left vacant when incumbents retired or died. The only exception, as noted by the historian Mona Lohanda, was the Chinese officership of Batavia, which was retained by the Dutch authorities thanks to its antiquity, pre-eminent position in the Chinese bureaucratic hierarchy and symbolic value to Dutch colonial authority. The institution came to an abrupt end with the Japanese invasion during the Second World War, and the death in 1945 of Khouw Kim An, the last Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia and the last serving Chinese officer in the Dutch colonial government.
Titles
Chinese officers in the Dutch East Indies used an elaborate system of styles and titles:
Padoeka ('your Excellency'): a Malay prefix used by Chinese officers
Twa Kongsi ('your Lordship' or 'my Lord'): used by Chinese officers
Twa Kongsi Nio ('your Ladyship' or 'my Lady'): used by the wives of Chinese officers
Kongsi and Kongsi Nio ('my Lord'; 'my Lady'): short form of the above or the styles of descendants of Chinese officers
See also
List of Kapitan Cina
Kangchu system
Kong Koan
Kongsi federations
Peranakans
References
Bibliography
Hwang, In-Won (2003). Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State Under Mahathir. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Lohanda, Mona (1996). The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942. Jakarta: Djambatan. .
Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO.
External links
Chinese Kapitans of Malacca
Political history of Malaysia
Chinese diaspora in Malaysia
Chinese diaspora in Indonesia
Chinese Indonesian culture
Positions of authority
Noble titles
Chinese-language titles
Cabang Atas |
```cmake
set(SUPPORTED_EMU_PLATFORMS qemu)
set(QEMU_CPU_TYPE_${ARCH} nios2)
set(QEMU_FLAGS_${ARCH}
-machine altera_10m50_zephyr
-nographic
)
board_set_debugger_ifnset(qemu)
``` |
Herbert Jack Banta (November 19, 1917 – February 22, 1977) was an American football halfback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles, the Washington Redskins and Los Angeles Rams. He played college football at the University of Southern California for Howard Jones and was drafted in the tenth round of the 1941 NFL Draft. He served as a Lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy during the World War II era.
References
External links
1917 births
1977 deaths
American football running backs
Los Angeles Rams players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Players of American football from Los Angeles
USC Trojans football players
Washington Redskins players
United States Navy officers |
The Power of Forgiveness is a 2008 documentary by Martin Doblmeier about the process of forgiveness. It features interviews with renowned Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh, Nobel Laureate Elie Wiesel, best-selling authors Thomas Moore and Marianne Williamson and others.
Release and reception
The film was released in 2008, had its world premier at Dawn Breakers International Film Festival and was broadcast on television stations across the United States.
Participants
Thích Nhất Hạnh
James A. Forbes
Alexandra Asseily, whom expressed that the forgiveness should initiate forgiving ourselves first, and whom took the initiative of construct the Garden of Forgiveness in Beirut, which construction was hold due to 2006 Lebanon War
Rev. Bill Shaw
Robert Enright (Researcher on psychology of forgiveness)
Donald Kraybill
Marianne Williamson
Elie Wiesel, whom was imprisoned in Auschwitz concentration camp, where his parents and sister died.
Everett Worthington clinical psychologist and Professor of Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) and studied forgiveness since 1985.
Kathleen Lawler-Row was head of the Department of Psychology at East Carolina University, where overseed the creation of a new doctoral program in health psychology.
Rev. Lindon Harris, an episcopal priest whom chapel was St. Paul's Chapel.
Dr. Fred Luskin, Project Director, Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University.
Lynn McGuinn
Diane Horning
Rose Foti, the mother of a fireman whom could not believe that his son received the medal of honor after his dead during the fire in the Twin Towers and days later his remains were put in a landfill along with the remains of the rest of the victims.
Sayidda Sadr, she was the sister of the peace activist Musa al-Sadr whom decide to visit the Arab world to expose that they should stop the fight between Christians and Muslims, since they were not the promoting the wars and only innocent people were dying, he disappeared in 1978 after a meeting in Libya.
Thomas Moore whom considers that a person should not be forced to forgive if does not feels they want to forgive,
Frederick A. DiBlasio (Clinical Use of Forgiveness, University of Maryland, Baltimore) whom believe that forgiveness should be a rational decision instead of an emotional decision, and that the emotions are the ones that follow the decisions taken.
Capt. Cindy Gass of Knoxville Police Department.
Azim Khamisa, a Sufi Muslim whom express that when people do not forgive they are the one that continue suffering and that forgiven allow to heal relationships, and that it also allow to not focus ourselves or our situation in order that we can go beyond it, understand the circumstances and solve the systemic issues that originated affording the healing of the affected parts.
Ples Felix, a retired Green Beret baptist that was raised Tony Hicks during his childhood and took care of him after the incident in which Tariq Khamisa was killed.
Budget and founding
The documentary was founded by Fetzer institute (part of Love and Forgiveness campaign) and the John Templeton Foundation.
Synopsis
The documentary explores the reason, effects and benefits of forgiveness. Begins with comments on the fight between Protestant and catholic members and 1980 Good Friday Agreement, the introduction of forgiveness curriculum in primary schools that includes mercy, and to seek and give forgiveness. It explains how Amish societies do not teach forgiveness explicitly in the families, but it is teach in their way of living.
It presents diverse circumstances in which crime and forgiveness are present, among them the following:
New Lodge Six shooting where the author of the massacre is not known.
West Nickel Mines School shooting where the Amish forgave the family of the assassin since it is part of their tradition and culture.
The crimes during The Holocaust, where a person cannot forgive in the name of millions of victims that were also murdered or damaged.
September 11 attacks, and comments by relatives of person killed during the event, and how the remains of the bodies and the building debris were deposited in the Fresh Kills Landfill.
It shows when Elie Wiesel asked the President of Germany to ask Jewish people for forgiveness and how 2 weeks later the president of Germany went to Israel and asked forgiveness for the crimes committed by the Third Reich. explains the physiology of revenge, and how the pleasure pathways fare up when a person plans how to make an enemy pay their offense as a craving for revenge, being this the reward or motivation for paying back an offense.
It also shows when the relatives of victim of crimes deposited in the Garden of Forgiveness the rest of their beloved ones in a space surrounded by a Mosque, a Synagogue and a Christian church and not in a Landfill.
Capt. Cindy Gass described the scene encountered on January 1, 1996, during the investigation of the burglary they found the body of Frances Worthington (Everett Worthington's mother) after the criminal(s) beat her, struck with a Crowbar and killed her during the sacking of her house. Everett Worthington explains how the play of both roles, the offended and the offender could help people to understand and to forgive.
Thích Nhất Hạnh founder of the School of Youth for Social Services in the 1950 to provide schools and clinics in rural areas, this work changed with the Vietnam War in 1955, the army went to the school and killed the students at a time when Thích Nhất Hạnh was not present, after it he promoted peace and founded the Plum Village in France.
Tony Hicks was raised by his grandfather, at the age of 11 he joined a gang, and in an evening of 1995, when he was 14 year old, visited three of his friends, whom gave him drugs and alcohol, he was asked to kill and shoot a person as a part of a gang initiation, they invited him to a robbery and gave him a 9 mm handgun, a 18 year old who commanded him and two 14 years old boys, his friends ordered pizza, and when driver, Tariq Khamisa delivered the pizza, Tony shoot and killed him. Ples Felix (Tony's grandfather) and Azim Khamisa (Tariq Khamisa's father) created a foundation to prevent the fights and killings between children with three mandates, to save children lives, to empower the right choices, and to teach the principles of non violence, empathy, compassion and forgiveness, teaching them tools that they can during their life: learn to meditate, to be peaceful, to be centered, and learn to interact with other children in a kind way. Azim Khamisa believes that punishment does not fix society, but instead prevent society to find and solve the causes of crimes and violence.
See also
Thích Nhất Hạnh
Walk with Me (2017 film)
Forgiveness
Forgiveness scale
References
External links
Official Website
Dawn Breaker festival listing
American documentary films
Documentary films about spirituality
2008 films
2008 documentary films
Films about Buddhism
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
The Fern Lake Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, runs from Moraine Park in the eastern part of the park westward to Fern Lake, the first portion of the trail following the course of the Big Thompson River. The trail was first informally established in the late 1880s as a way to get to "The Pool," a wide spot in the Big Thompson where a small lodge predated the 1915 establishment of the park. The trail was improved by the Estes Park Protective and Improvement Association between 1907 and 1912, with a new bridge at The Pool. Two years later the trail was rebuilt to maintain no more than a 10% grade and to provide better access to Fern and Marguerite Falls. In the 1920s Fern Lake became a popular winter destination for skiing, complete with a lodge. From 1933 the trail was rebuilt over three years with Civilian Conservation Corps labor, building retaining walls and adjusting the trail's alignment.
The Forest Inn at The Pool closed in 1951, and Fern Lake Lodge closed in 1960. Folksinger Judy Collins and her then-husband Peter Taylor ran the lodge in the summer of 1958, welcoming hikers a respite from the trail. It was demolished by the Park Service in 1968 as they eliminated concessions within the park. The trail is notable for its association with early tourism development in the park and for its Civilian Conservation Corps-executed construction. The Fern Lake Trail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005.
References
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park
1933 establishments in Colorado
Transportation in Larimer County, Colorado
Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado |
The 1932 Boston Red Sox season was the 32nd season in the franchise's Major League Baseball (MLB) history. The team's home field was Fenway Park. The Red Sox finished last in the eight-team American League (AL) with a record of 43 wins and 111 losses, 64 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1932 World Series.
The Red Sox initially played their Sunday home games at Braves Field this season, as had been the case since the team's 1929 season, due to Fenway being close to a house of worship. The team played a total of six home games at Braves Field during the 1932 season; an early-season Tuesday doubleheader against the New York Yankees, and four Sunday games. A new Massachusetts law was enacted in late May that allowed the team to play at Fenway on Sundays. The final game the Red Sox ever played at Braves Field was on May 29, 1932, when they lost the second game of a doubleheader to the Philadelphia Athletics. The Red Sox' first Sunday home game at Fenway was played on July 3, 1932, a 13–2 loss to the Yankees.
The 1932 team set a franchise record for the lowest winning percentage in a season, .279, which still stands. The team allowed 915 runs while only scoring 566, a run differential of -349, the worst in MLB's modern era (since 1900).
Regular season
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Opening Day lineup
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Farm system
See also
List of Boston Red Sox team records
References
External links
1932 Boston Red Sox team page at Baseball Reference
1932 Boston Red Sox season at baseball-almanac.com
Boston Red Sox seasons
Boston Red Sox
Boston Red Sox
1930s in Boston |
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<a accesskey="p" href="protocol.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../ip__udp.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../boost_asio.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="socket.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver"></a><a class="link" href="resolver.html" title="ip::udp::resolver">ip::udp::resolver</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="boost_asio.indexterm.ip__udp.resolver"></a>
The UDP resolver type.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">typedef basic_resolver< udp > resolver;
</pre>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.h0"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.types"></a></span><a class="link" href="resolver.html#boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.types">Types</a>
</h6>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/endpoint_type.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::endpoint_type"><span class="bold"><strong>endpoint_type</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The endpoint type.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/executor_type.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::executor_type"><span class="bold"><strong>executor_type</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The type of the executor associated with the object.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/flags.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::flags"><span class="bold"><strong>flags</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
A bitmask type (C++ Std [lib.bitmask.types]).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/iterator.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::iterator"><span class="bold"><strong>iterator</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
(Deprecated.) The iterator type.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/protocol_type.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::protocol_type"><span class="bold"><strong>protocol_type</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The protocol type.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/query.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::query"><span class="bold"><strong>query</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
(Deprecated.) The query type.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/results_type.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::results_type"><span class="bold"><strong>results_type</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The results type.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.h1"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.member_functions"></a></span><a class="link" href="resolver.html#boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.member_functions">Member
Functions</a>
</h6>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/async_resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::async_resolve"><span class="bold"><strong>async_resolve</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
(Deprecated.) Asynchronously perform forward resolution of a
query to a list of entries.
</p>
<p>
Asynchronously perform forward resolution of a query to a list
of entries.
</p>
<p>
Asynchronously perform reverse resolution of an endpoint to a
list of entries.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/basic_resolver.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::basic_resolver"><span class="bold"><strong>basic_resolver</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Constructor.
</p>
<p>
Move-construct a basic_resolver from another.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/cancel.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::cancel"><span class="bold"><strong>cancel</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Cancel any asynchronous operations that are waiting on the resolver.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/get_executor.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::get_executor"><span class="bold"><strong>get_executor</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Get the executor associated with the object.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/get_io_context.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::get_io_context"><span class="bold"><strong>get_io_context</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
(Deprecated: Use get_executor().) Get the io_context associated
with the object.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/get_io_service.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::get_io_service"><span class="bold"><strong>get_io_service</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
(Deprecated: Use get_executor().) Get the io_context associated
with the object.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/operator_eq_.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::operator="><span class="bold"><strong>operator=</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Move-assign a basic_resolver from another.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::resolve"><span class="bold"><strong>resolve</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
(Deprecated.) Perform forward resolution of a query to a list
of entries.
</p>
<p>
Perform forward resolution of a query to a list of entries.
</p>
<p>
Perform reverse resolution of an endpoint to a list of entries.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/_basic_resolver.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::~basic_resolver"><span class="bold"><strong>~basic_resolver</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Destroys the resolver.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.h2"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.data_members"></a></span><a class="link" href="resolver.html#boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.data_members">Data Members</a>
</h6>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/address_configured.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::address_configured"><span class="bold"><strong>address_configured</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Only return IPv4 addresses if a non-loopback IPv4 address is
configured for the system. Only return IPv6 addresses if a non-loopback
IPv6 address is configured for the system.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/all_matching.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::all_matching"><span class="bold"><strong>all_matching</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If used with v4_mapped, return all matching IPv6 and IPv4 addresses.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/canonical_name.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::canonical_name"><span class="bold"><strong>canonical_name</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Determine the canonical name of the host specified in the query.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/numeric_host.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::numeric_host"><span class="bold"><strong>numeric_host</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Host name should be treated as a numeric string defining an IPv4
or IPv6 address and no name resolution should be attempted.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/numeric_service.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::numeric_service"><span class="bold"><strong>numeric_service</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Service name should be treated as a numeric string defining a
port number and no name resolution should be attempted.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/passive.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::passive"><span class="bold"><strong>passive</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Indicate that returned endpoint is intended for use as a locally
bound socket endpoint.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver/v4_mapped.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::v4_mapped"><span class="bold"><strong>v4_mapped</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the query protocol family is specified as IPv6, return IPv4-mapped
IPv6 addresses on finding no IPv6 addresses.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p>
The <a class="link" href="../ip__basic_resolver.html" title="ip::basic_resolver"><code class="computeroutput">ip::basic_resolver</code></a>
class template provides the ability to resolve a query to a list of endpoints.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.h3"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.thread_safety"></a></span><a class="link" href="resolver.html#boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a>
</h6>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Distinct</em></span> <span class="emphasis"><em>objects:</em></span> Safe.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Shared</em></span> <span class="emphasis"><em>objects:</em></span> Unsafe.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.h4"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.requirements"></a></span><a class="link" href="resolver.html#boost_asio.reference.ip__udp.resolver.requirements">Requirements</a>
</h6>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Header: </em></span><code class="literal">boost/asio/ip/udp.hpp</code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Convenience header: </em></span><code class="literal">boost/asio.hpp</code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="path_to_url" target="_top">path_to_url
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="protocol.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../ip__udp.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../boost_asio.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="socket.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
``` |
```go
// Code generated by smithy-go-codegen DO NOT EDIT.
package ec2
import (
"context"
"fmt"
awsmiddleware "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/middleware"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ec2/types"
"github.com/aws/smithy-go/middleware"
smithyhttp "github.com/aws/smithy-go/transport/http"
)
// Cancels one or more Spot Instance requests.
//
// Canceling a Spot Instance request does not terminate running Spot Instances
// associated with the request.
func (c *Client) CancelSpotInstanceRequests(ctx context.Context, params *CancelSpotInstanceRequestsInput, optFns ...func(*Options)) (*CancelSpotInstanceRequestsOutput, error) {
if params == nil {
params = &CancelSpotInstanceRequestsInput{}
}
result, metadata, err := c.invokeOperation(ctx, "CancelSpotInstanceRequests", params, optFns, c.addOperationCancelSpotInstanceRequestsMiddlewares)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
out := result.(*CancelSpotInstanceRequestsOutput)
out.ResultMetadata = metadata
return out, nil
}
// Contains the parameters for CancelSpotInstanceRequests.
type CancelSpotInstanceRequestsInput struct {
// The IDs of the Spot Instance requests.
//
// This member is required.
SpotInstanceRequestIds []string
// Checks whether you have the required permissions for the action, without
// actually making the request, and provides an error response. If you have the
// required permissions, the error response is DryRunOperation . Otherwise, it is
// UnauthorizedOperation .
DryRun *bool
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
// Contains the output of CancelSpotInstanceRequests.
type CancelSpotInstanceRequestsOutput struct {
// The Spot Instance requests.
CancelledSpotInstanceRequests []types.CancelledSpotInstanceRequest
// Metadata pertaining to the operation's result.
ResultMetadata middleware.Metadata
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
func (c *Client) addOperationCancelSpotInstanceRequestsMiddlewares(stack *middleware.Stack, options Options) (err error) {
if err := stack.Serialize.Add(&setOperationInputMiddleware{}, middleware.After); err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Serialize.Add(&awsEc2query_serializeOpCancelSpotInstanceRequests{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Deserialize.Add(&awsEc2query_deserializeOpCancelSpotInstanceRequests{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := addProtocolFinalizerMiddlewares(stack, options, "CancelSpotInstanceRequests"); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("add protocol finalizers: %v", err)
}
if err = addlegacyEndpointContextSetter(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLoggerMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientRequestID(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputeContentLength(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResolveEndpointMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputePayloadSHA256(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRetry(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRawResponseToMetadata(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecordResponseTiming(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientUserAgent(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddErrorCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLegacyContextSigningOptionsMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addTimeOffsetBuild(stack, c); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addUserAgentRetryMode(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addOpCancelSpotInstanceRequestsValidationMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = stack.Initialize.Add(newServiceMetadataMiddleware_opCancelSpotInstanceRequests(options.Region), middleware.Before); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecursionDetection(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestIDRetrieverMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResponseErrorMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestResponseLogging(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addDisableHTTPSMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func newServiceMetadataMiddleware_opCancelSpotInstanceRequests(region string) *awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata {
return &awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata{
Region: region,
ServiceID: ServiceID,
OperationName: "CancelSpotInstanceRequests",
}
}
``` |
```html
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onmouseover="return searchBox.OnSearchSelectShow()"
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<a href="#pro-methods">Protected Member Functions</a> |
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<a href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test-members.html">List of all members</a> </div>
<div class="headertitle">
<div class="title">GraphADJListTest Class Reference</div> </div>
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<div class="contents">
<p><a class="el" href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.html" title="GraphADJListTest: ">GraphADJListTest</a>:
<a href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.html#details">More...</a></p>
<p><code>#include <<a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html">adjlistgraph_test.h</a>></code></p>
<div class="dynheader">
Inheritance diagram for GraphADJListTest:</div>
<div class="dyncontent">
<div class="center">
<img src="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.png" usemap="#GraphADJListTest_map" alt=""/>
<map id="GraphADJListTest_map" name="GraphADJListTest_map">
</map>
</div></div>
<table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="pro-methods"></a>
Protected Member Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a72021ff735af11b1db48290ea0fa8a6b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.html#a72021ff735af11b1db48290ea0fa8a6b">SetUp</a> ()</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a79dc8e149913c35045b362c44a5fed46"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.html#a79dc8e149913c35045b362c44a5fed46">TearDown</a> ()</td></tr>
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Protected Attributes</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:afcd2f035a4957685bc697f296bb2b4b5"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">std::shared_ptr< <a class="el" href=your_sha256_hashist_graph.html">ADJListGraph</a>< ADJ_NUM > > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.html#afcd2f035a4957685bc697f296bb2b4b5">graph</a></td></tr>
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<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p><a class="el" href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.html" title="GraphADJListTest: ">GraphADJListTest</a>: </p>
<p><code><a class="el" href="class_graph_a_d_j_list_test.html" title="GraphADJListTest: ">GraphADJListTest</a></code> <code>::testing::Test</code> <code>TEST_F</code> </p>
<p>Definition at line <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html#l00034">34</a> of file <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html">adjlistgraph_test.h</a>.</p>
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<p>Definition at line <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html#l00039">39</a> of file <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html">adjlistgraph_test.h</a>.</p>
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<p>Definition at line <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html#l00042">42</a> of file <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html">adjlistgraph_test.h</a>.</p>
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<td class="memname">std::shared_ptr<<a class="el" href=your_sha256_hashist_graph.html">ADJListGraph</a><ADJ_NUM> > GraphADJListTest::graph</td>
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<p>Definition at line <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html#l00044">44</a> of file <a class="el" href="adjlistgraph__test_8h_source.html">adjlistgraph_test.h</a>.</p>
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SS Kanguroo was a French heavy-lift ship built to transport submarines before World War I. She delivered submarines to Brazil and Peru before the war began. Requisitioned in 1914 by the French Navy, she was torpedoed by a German submarine in late 1916 and sunk at Funchal, Madeira.
Background and description
Kanguroo was a ship built to transport submarines for the shipbuilder Schneider et Cie. The company's submarines were too small and their endurance too limited to cross the oceans on their own. Schneider deemed towing them too risky so the company commissioned a purpose-built ship to deliver them safely to their destination. She was long with a beam of and a draft of . The ship displaced and could carry out-sized cargo up to in weight. Kanguroo was powered by a triple-expansion steam engine driving a single shaft that gave her a speed of . She had a crew of four officers and eighteen enlisted crewmen.
The ship was essentially a self-propelled floating dry dock with three main sections. The stern contained the engine, bridge, crew accommodations, workshops, pumps, electric generators and storage facilities for the submarine's torpedoes. The submarine's batteries were kept charged during the voyage by the current from the generators. The middle section consisted of a double-hulled well deck with ballast tanks between its inner walls and the outer hull. The well deck had a capacity of and was closed off by a pair of water-tight doors at its forward end. The outer plating and structural members of Kanguroos bow were designed to be partially dismantled to give access to the short tunnel through the bow to the well deck. Additional ballast tanks were positioned below and on each side of the tunnel to raise and lower the bow.
Loading a submarine was a lengthy process that took weeks. The first step was to pump the forward ballast tanks empty which elevated the bow out of the water. Once it was dismantled, the ballast tanks were then filled to lower the bow and flood the well deck to allow the submarine to be winched aboard. The well deck's water-tight doors were then closed and the water in the dock was pumped overboard while the submarine settled onto its wooden bilge blocks. The bow was then reassembled and hatch covers were installed over the well deck. These prevented the ship from taking on water during a storm and allowed the crew to perform any necessary maintenance on the submarine while under way.
Construction and service
Kanguroo was launched by Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde on 12 April 1912 at their shipyard in Bordeaux. She loaded the on 28 June at Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer, but did not depart for Callao until 30 July. She arrived in Peru on 19 October, after stops in São Vicente, Cape Verde, Buenos Aires, and Montevideo, but could not unload the submarine until 29 October. The ship delivered Ferres sister ship in 1913 and the the following year.
After the start of World War I in August 1914, the French Navy requisitioned the Kanguroo. She was torpedoed and sank at the Port of Funchal, Madeira on 3 December 1916, together with the and the elderly British cable layer , by the German submarine . A total of thirty-three foreign crewmen and eight Portuguese nationals died during the attack. A monument with a sculpture by Francisco Franco de Sousa was raised in 1917 to commemorate the incident.
References
Bibliography
External links
SS Kanguroo on wrecksite.eu
1912 ships
Ships built in France
Steamships of France
World War I naval ships of France
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
Maritime incidents in 1916
World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Heavy lift ships |
Robert Percy Barnes (February 26, 1898 - March 18, 1990) was an American chemist and professor, and the first African American person to graduate with a PhD in chemistry from Harvard University. He was also the first African American faculty member hired at Amherst College.
Early life and education
Robert Percy Barnes was born on February 26, 1898, in Shiloh, Maryland. His parents were Mary Jane Thomas and Reverend William Humphrey Barnes, and he was the second of four brothers.
Barnes attended the M Street High School (now Dunbar High School) in Washington, D.C., which was one of the first high schools for African American students in the country. While at Dunbar, one of his teachers was Jane Eleanor Datcher, who was the first African-American woman to earn an advanced degree from Cornell University. He then went on to study at Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts, for his undergraduate studies. While at Amherst, he ran track and field. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1921, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa.
Career and doctoral studies
Professor at Howard University
Following graduation, Barnes was appointed a chemistry instructor at Amherst, making him the first African American member of the faculty there. The college wouldn't hire a tenure-track faculty member until James Q. Denton in 1964.
In 1922, Barnes was hired at Howard University in Washington, D.C., as a faculty member in the chemistry department. While at Howard, one of his doctoral students was Harold Delaney, who later went on to work as a chemist on the Manhattan Project. In 1945, Barnes was made a full professor at Howard, where he would teach until 1968. He also served as head of the chemistry department in the 1950s. Over the course of his career there, he advanced the chemistry department from a masters-only program to granting doctoral degrees.
Barnes, along with fellow professors Roscoe McKinney, Sterling Brown, and Mercer Cook, charted Phi Beta Kappa at Howard, and all were also members of the Gamma chapter of Omega Psi Phi, which was founded at Howard in 1911. In the 1940s, he was selected for a government program to study explosives at the onset of World War II. He also led an intensive course at Howard funded by the National Defense Program that was the only program in the country of its type for African American students.
Barnes taught at Howard until his retirement in 1967.
Studies at Harvard University
As he began his teaching career, Barnes also began his doctoral studies at Harvard University. His studies were funded in part by a four-year fellowship funded by the General Education Board. He earned his master's degree in chemistry in 1931 and his PhD in 1933. Upon receiving his degree, he became the first African American person to receive a PhD in chemistry at Harvard. His doctoral advisor was Elmer P. Kohler, and he likely also studied with James B. Conant. His thesis was titled "The reactions and keto-enol equilibria of an alpha diketone."
National Science Board
Following the passage of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, in 1950, President Harry Truman named Barnes as a member of the National Science Board of the National Science Foundation. Barnes was one of two African American members of the board at this point, along with John Warren Davis from West Virginia State College (now West Virginia State University). In 1952, Truman reappointed Barnes to the board, along with seven other scientists. He remained on the Board until 1958.
Research
Barnes' research primarily focused on the chemistry of diketone molecules, and he published in numerous outlets, including the Journal of the American Chemical Society and The Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Personal life
Barnes married Ethel Hasbrook in 1922, and the couple later divorced. He married Florence Abrams Barnes in 1933, and the couple was married until her death in 1981. Outside of work, he was a bridge player and a member of the Anglers All Fishing Club.
References
1898 births
1990 deaths
Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
Amherst College alumni
Howard University faculty
Harvard University alumni
National Science Foundation
Diketones
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
African-American chemists
Chemists from Maryland |
Ted Daniel (born June 4, 1943) is an American jazz trumpeter and composer.
Biography
He studied trumpet in elementary school, and began his professional career playing local gigs with his childhood friend, the legendary guitarist Sonny Sharrock. Daniel briefly attended Berklee School of Music and Southern Illinois University, before joining the army. In 1966, Daniel was drafted in the army, and served with the 9th and 25th Infantry Division Bands in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. After his discharge from the Army in 1968, Daniel attended Central State College, Ohio, on a full music scholarship, where he met and studied with Dr. Makanda Ken McIntyre. After a year, Daniel returned to New York City and eventually received a bachelor of music degree in theory and composition from the City College of New York. Daniel had begun his recording career while studying in Ohio. He returned briefly to New York to record Sonny Sharrock's first album Black Woman. His second recording was with a band he co-led (Brute Force) with his brother, Richard Daniel. The recording was entitled Brute Force on the Embryo label, produced by Herbie Mann. Since then, Daniel has participated in more than 30 published recordings with such artists as: Archie Shepp, Dewey Redman, Andrew Cyrille, Sam Rivers, Billy Bang and Henry Threadgill.
Ted Daniel has held workshops at Amherst College, Bennington College, Williams College and the University of Hosei in Tokyo, Japan. He has also conducted a seminar in Madrid, Spain, as well as work in his community conducting summer music workshops for high and college age students. Daniel has produced three albums under his own name: The Ted Daniel Sextet on Ujamaa Records, Tapestry on Sun Records, and In The Beginning on Altura recordings. This recording features a twelve-piece ensemble including such artist as Oliver Lake, Arthur Blythe, Charles Tyler and David Murray.
Eventually this ensemble evolved into a larger group called "Energy".
Daniel has been the recipient of a NEA compositional grant and awarded "Talent Deserving Wider Recognition" from Downbeat Magazine. Presently, he is writing and performing with his new group, the International Brass and Membrane Corporation (IBMC). This trio was conceived as a flexible and expandable creative music performance group, which utilizes instruments from the brass and membrane instrument families. He has also made several recordings with Charles Compo's "The Phibes" band. On May 20, 2008, Porter Records reissued Ted Daniel's Tapestry album, with a bonus track from the original performance of 1974 recorded at Ornette Coleman's Artist House. Daniel has also formed a duo with Michael Marcus on Bb clarinet and Daniel on trumpet and assorted brass. Their first release self-titled Duology on Boxholder Records received excellent reviews. Duology's second CD on Soul Note Records, entitled Golfen Atoms, was released in June 2008. In May 2009, Ujamaa Records released the Ted Daniel Trio CD The Loft Years), Volume one.
Discography
As leader
1970: Ted Daniel Sextet with Warren Benbow (Ujamaa Records released 1972
1974: Tapestry with Khan Jamal, Jerome Cooper, Richard Daniel Released on Sun Records 1974 Released on Porter Records 2008
1975: In the Beginning with Arthur Blythe, Oliver Lake, David Murray, Charles Tyler, Richard Dunbar, Steve Reid, Ahmed Abdullah, (Altura Records released 1997
1975: Ted Daniel Trio with Richard Pierce, Tatsuya Nakamura (Ujamaa Records released 2009
2006: Duology with Michael Marcus, clarinet (Boxholder Records released 2007
1981: Ted Daniel Solo Ted Daniel Ujamaa Records released 2013
1975: Innerconnection with Danny Carter, Oliver Lake (NoBusiness Records released 2014
2008: Golden Atoms Duology with Michael Marcus, (Soul Note Records released 2008
2012: Duology with Andrew Cyrille and Michael Marcus (Jazzwerkstatt Records released 2012
As sideman
With Sonny Sharrock
Black Woman (Embryo, 1968
With Archie Shepp
Things Have Got to Change (Impulse!, 1971)
With Dewey Redman
The Ear of the Behearer (Impulse!, 1973)
Coincide (Impulse!, 1974)
With Sam Rivers
Crystals (Impulse!, 1974)
With Henry Threadgill
Rag, Bush and All (RCA Novus, 1989)
Song Out of My Trees (Black Saint, 1994)
With Andrew Cyrille
Celebration (IPS, 1976)
Junction with Lisle Atkinson, David Ware (IPS, 1976)
Metamusicians' Stomp (Black Saint, 1978)
Special People (Soul Note, 1980)
The Navigator (Soul Note, 1982)
With Tatsuya Nakamura
Jazz Fellows with Joe Bowie, Hideaki Mochizuki
Song of Pat with Oliver Lake, Richard Davis (Trio, 1976)
With Billy Bang
Vietnam: The Aftermath with John Hicks, Michael Carvin, Frank Lowe (Justin Time, 2001)
Vietnam: Reflections with James Spaulding, Henry Threadgill, Butch Morris, Curtis Lundy (Just In Time, 2005)
References
External links
Discogs
1943 births
Living people
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
American jazz flugelhornists
Berklee College of Music alumni
Southern Illinois University alumni
Central State University alumni
City College of New York alumni
United States Army soldiers
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
NoBusiness Records artists |
HMS Otter (S15) was an submarine of the Royal Navy.
Design and construction
The Oberon class was a direct follow on of the Porpoise-class, with the same dimensions and external design, but updates to equipment and internal fittings, and a higher grade of steel used for fabrication of the pressure hull.
As designed for British service, the Oberon-class submarines were in length between perpendiculars and in length overall, with a beam of , and a draught of . Displacement was 1,610 tons standard, 2,030 tons full load when surfaced, and 2,410 tons full load when submerged. Propulsion machinery consisted of 2 Admiralty Standard Range 16 VMS diesel generators, and two electric motors, each driving a 3-bladed propeller at up to 400 rpm. Top speed was when submerged, and on the surface. Eight diameter torpedo tubes were fitted (six facing forward, two aft), with a total payload of 24 torpedoes. The boats were fitted with Type 186 and Type 187 sonars, and an I-band surface search radar. The standard complement was 68: 6 officers, 62 sailors.
Otter was laid down by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company on 14 January 1960, and launched on 15 May 1961. The boat was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 20 August 1962. The only Oberon class submarine fitted with a mild steel casing needed when deployed as target for practice torpedo attacks.
Operational history
Decommissioning and fate
Otter was paid off on 31 July 1991.
References
Oberon-class submarines of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Clyde
1961 ships
Cold War submarines of the United Kingdom |
Herman Louis Duhring Jr. (March 24, 1874 - July 18, 1953) was an American architect from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He designed several buildings that are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Career
The son of an Episcopal minister, he attended the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania, and worked in the architectural offices of Mantle Fielding and Frank Furness. In 1897, he was the winner of the first Stewardson Traveling Scholarship for study in Europe. He returned to Philadelphia in 1898, and opened his own office. In 1899, he formed a partnership with R. Brognard Okie and Carl Ziegler – Duhring, Okie & Ziegler. Ziegler left the firm in 1918, and the partnership continued as Duhring & Okie until 1924, after which Duhring worked independently.
Between 1910 and 1930, Dr. George Woodward commissioned about 180 houses in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, using mostly architects Edmund B. Gilchrist, Robert Rodes McGoodwin and Duhring. Among the earliest were Duhring's innovative "Quadruple Houses" (1910) – four attached houses huddled together so that each shared one long and one short wall. These provided tenants with more privacy than row houses, and were cheaper to build than detached houses. Woodward built two sets of "Quads" on Benezet Street, and later three more sets on Nippon Street in Mount Airy. Duhring also designed dozens of Cotswold-style houses for Woodward. A replica of Sulgrave Manor, the English ancestral home of George Washington, was an attraction at the 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Woodward bought its interiors, and had them installed in his own replica, designed by Duhring, that stands at 200 West Willow Grove Avenue in Chestnut Hill.
Duhring managed the disassembly, relocation, reassembly, and restoration of two Georgian mansions – "Whitby Hall" in West Philadelphia was relocated to Haverford, Pennsylvania in 1922–24; and "Rocky Mills" near Ashland, Virginia was relocated to Richmond, Virginia in 1928. Whitby's magnificent staircase – a smaller-scale version of the staircase at Independence Hall – and other interiors were sold to the Detroit Institute of Arts to pay for the costly project. Duhring modernized the relocated "Rocky Mills" in a particularly sensitive way – by increasing the building's depth, he was able to insert bathrooms and closets between its unaltered front and back halves.
In 1931, the Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks hired Duhring to restore the Powel House (built c. 1765). Once one of the grandest Georgian houses in Philadelphia, it was then being used as a warehouse and commercial building, and was facing demolition. Its ornate parlor had been removed and installed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and its ballroom had been removed and installed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The building was restored, its lost rooms were re-created, and the Society opened it as a house museum.
Duhring was a member of the Philadelphia Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, and was elected a Fellow in 1952.
Selected works
St. Peter's by-the-Sea Episcopal Church (1899), 611 Lincoln Street, Sitka, Alaska, designed by Duhring Jr., NRHP-listed.
See House (1899), 611 Lincoln Street, Sitka, Alaska, designed by Duhring Jr., NRHP-listed. The residence of the first Episcopal bishop of Alaska.
Church of the Redeemer (1908, burned and demolished 2012, re-creation under construction 2014), 20th and Atlantic Avenues, Longport, New Jersey, designed by Duhring, Okie & Ziegler, NRHP-listed. Duhring probably was the principal designer. His father was a friend of the donor of the land.
"Quadruple Houses" (1910), Benezet Street, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Dr. George Woodward, client. A contributing property in Chestnut Hill Historic District.
Relocation of Whitby Hall (1922–24). Duhring managed the relocation of the 1754 Georgian mansion from 1601 South 58th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tunbridge Road, Haverford, Pennsylvania. It is now renamed "Whitby New."
Sulgrave Manor (1927), 200 West Willow Grove Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Dr. George Woodward, client. The interiors came from a replica built for the 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition.
Relocation of Rocky Mills (1928), NRHP-listed. Duhring managed the relocation of the circa-1750 Georgian mansion from outside Ashland, Virginia to 211 Ross Road, Richmond, Virginia. It is now renamed "Fairfield."
Restoration of the Powel House (1931–33), 244 South 3rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
References
Pacita T. de la Cruz, Adaptive Reuse: An Early Twentieth-Century Approach in Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, by Dr. George Woodward, Developer, and Herman Louis Duhring Jr., Architect. Master of Science Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1984.
External links
Herman Louis Duhring, Jr. from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings.
H. Louis Duhring, Jr. from American Institute of Architects.
1874 births
1953 deaths
19th-century American architects
Architects from Philadelphia
Fellows of the American Institute of Architects
Preservationist architects
University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni
20th-century American architects |
A set-in neck (often shortened to set neck) is the traditional form of joining the neck of a stringed instrument with its body. This is typically done with a tightly fitted mortise-and-tenon or dovetail joint, secured with hot hide glue. Among its qualities are a warm tone, long sustain, and a large surface area to transmit string vibration, leading to a "live" feeling instrument. In guitars it also often allows superior access to top frets closest to the body.
It is a common belief that this yields a stronger body-to-neck connection than an inexpensive mechanically joined bolt-on neck, though some luthiers believe a well-executed bolt-on neck joint is equally strong and provides similar neck-to-body contact. However, neither of these joints is as strong as a neck-through construction, the third of the common methods of neck attachment, which requires more material and is usually found only on high-end solid body guitars.
Set-in necks are the most popular on acoustic guitars. Almost all major acoustic guitar manufacturers (notable exceptions being Taylor Guitars, Godin Guitars, Collings Guitars) use set-in necks and have applied this method also to their electric guitars, for example Gibson. With hollow body set-in neck electric guitars of the 1940s being rather expensive to buy and repair, newcomer Fender in 1950 introduced electric guitars that were easier to manufacture, combining a simple solid body with a bolt-on neck. Fender also introduced the electric bass guitar by adding a longer neck bolted to a solid guitar body.
In rare cases, makers use other solutions. Babicz Guitars makes a mechanically joined neck that can be "wound" up or down to adjust action height.
Glue
Set-in necks are traditionally and best secured with hot hide glue - which may be re-heated to allow convenient disassembly. White and yellow PVA glues are inferior alternatives. Use of Epoxy or Cyanoacrylate is not recommended as disassembly is then no longer possible.
Advantages
Typically cited advantages of set-in neck include:
Warmer tone (acoustic guitars only)
More sustain (acoustic guitars only)
Often, better access to top frets compared bolt-on necks that use a square metal plate
Because the increased surface area results in more transmission of strings vibration, set in necks can feel more "alive" than if bolted on.
Disadvantages
Certain models seem prone to neck breakage - though this may be due to weaker neck wood (mahogany instead of maple).
Harder and more expensive to mass manufacture than bolt-on necks
Harder and more expensive to repair or service because the glue must be steamed or melted with a hot knife
No control over the neck-to-body angle; changing it requires a luthier to disassemble and re-glue the neck.
References
External links
Glue comparison chart at frets.com
Guitar neck joints |
Tangascootack Creek (also known as Scootack or Tangascootac Creek) is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clinton County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Tangascootack Creek stretches for through Bald Eagle, Beech Creek and Colebrook Townships. Its watershed covers 36.5 square miles. Among its tributaries are North Fork Tangascootack Creek and Muddy Run, and there is also a swamp called Bear Swamp near the headwaters. Coal mining, including strip mining, was common in the watershed throughout the 1800s and 1900s. The creek experiences acid mine drainage, much of which comes from Muddy Run.
The watershed is mostly forest and sparsely populated. Historically, the area supports industry in agriculture, lumbering, and coal and iron mining. Native American crucibles have been discovered along the Creek.
Minerals in the watershed are mostly bituminous coal, fireclay, sandstone and slate. The daily loads of aluminum and manganese are both many times higher than the creek's total maximum daily load. The conductance of the creek ranges from 93.7 to 549 micro-siemens per centimeter. The creek is one of the most downstream tributaries of the West Branch Susquehanna River contributing acid mine drainage to it.
Pocono sandstone can also be found in the watershed, and bituminous coal formations known as the Clarion Formation, the Lower Kittanning Formation and the Eagleton Coal field also exist in the creek's watershed. The valley of Tangascootack Creek is the only place in Bald Eagle Township where there are significant deposits of minerals.
The middle and upper reaches of Tangascootack Creek are nearly devoid of life due to acid mine drainage. However, the headwaters have some aquatic life, as they are further upstream. Brook trout and three other species of fish inhabit the creek. 13 species of benthic macroinvertebrate also inhabit it.
Course
Tangascootack Creek is long. The creek flows northeast from the marshland of Beech Creek Township, in Sproul State Forest, near the border between Clinton County and Centre County. It passes strip mines and Bear Swamp before entering Bald Eagle Township. It then flows past more strip mines before entering into a gradually deepening gorge. Over the next few miles, it makes several meanders before being joined by its tributary North Fork Tangascootack Creek and eventually the tributary Bird Run. The creek briefly enters Colebrook Township before flowing into the West Branch Susquehanna River, west of Farrandsville.
Tributaries
Tangascootack Creek has a major tributary, North Fork Tangascootack Creek, a minor tributary called Muddy Run and at least two that are unnamed.
Hydrology
A 2011 study found an aluminium concentration of 1.12 milligrams per liter near the confluence with Muddy Run. This equates to 23.8 pounds (10.8 kilograms) per day, far greater that the total maximum daily load that is allowed under United States water quality standards. The iron concentration is 0.87 milligrams per liter, or per day. The concentration of manganese is 15.19 milligrams per liter, or per day, 101 times higher than the maximum load of per day allowed by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Just above the creek's confluence with North Fork Tangascootack Creek, the aluminum concentration is 0.4 milligrams per liter and the daily load is . The concentration of iron is 0.08 milligrams per liter, or per day. The concentration of manganese is 3.32 milligrams per liter and the load is per day. This is only about seven times higher than the maximum allowable load, much less than the manganese load near Muddy Run.
Near Muddy Run, the concentration of acidity is 27.44 milligrams per liter, which equates to a load of per day and upstream of North Fork Tangascootack Creek, the concentration is 7.80 milligrams per liter and the daily load is . The pH of the creek was measured in four locations in early July 2010. It ranged from 6.24 downstream of Muddy Run to 6.79 at further downstream of Muddy Run, with an average pH of 6.58.
The conductance of Tangascootack Creek at several sites in 2010 ranged from 93.7 micro-siemens per centimeter at the site T-0.5 to 549 micro-siemens per centimeter at the site T-2 and the average was 357.4 micro-siemens per centimeter. The water temperature of the creek was measured at two sites downstream of Muddy Run in July 2010. It was and at the sites.
Traveling downstream, Tangascootack Creek is one of the last streams to contribute acid mine drainage to the West Branch Susquehanna River.
Watershed
Tangascootack Creek's watershed covers 36.4 square miles (94 km2) in the southern part of Clinton County, half of which is the watershed for North Fork Tangascootack Creek. A small amount of the watershed, less than 1%, has occasional residential uses, including sport camps and summer retreats. In formerly strip-mined areas there are patches of grassland and reforestation. Almost all of the area that is considered impaired by the Environmental Protection Agency, is forested. However, in areas where strip mining was done in the past, there are patches of grassland or reforested land. This land includes sports camps and summer retreats.
Geography and geology
The Tangascootack Creek valley is the only part of Bald Eagle Township that has significant amounts of minerals. Sandstones and conglomerates are visible on escarpments on the sides of the creek. Pocono sandstone is found on both the main stem and North Fork Tangascootack Creek, but no Mauch Chunk red shale is found near either branch. Coal formations in the creek's watershed include the Clarion formation, the Lower Kittaning formation, and the Eagleton coal field. Brown sandstone from the surface to down, blue slate from about to down, and fireclay from to down are also found in the rocks on the creek. Two to three feet of coal are below the fireclay and 4 to 5.5 feet are below the brown sandstone. Additionally, a graphite deposit was discovered on the creek by James David. The coal in the creek's watershed is bituminous coal.
A bed of coal known as the middle bed was observed in the 1800s to be found near the mouth of Tangascootack Creek, as well as in other locations. This bed ranged from to thick and contained iron pyrite as well. It was at least underground. An 1854 report estimated that there were of workable coal near Tangascootack Creek.
The Tangascootack Creek watershed consists chiefly of valleys and rolling and broken hills. The creek's river channel is relatively sinuous. It is mostly sandstone and shale with some coal. The slope of the creek is per mile, and its mouth's elevation is above sea level.
History
A settler named Dan Jones was killed by Indians on Tangascootack Creek in late fall 1777. In 1854, James Wilson discovered several crudely constructed crucibles in a place known as the Rock Cavern on Tangascootack Creek. They were made by Native Americans and had been used for smelting.
Around 1840, the canal commissioners of a canal on the West Branch Susquehanna River received instructions to extend the canal as far as the mouth of Tangascootack Creek.
Mining in the creek's watershed began in 1844. A number of mining villages existed in the Tangascootack Creek watershed between 1845 and 1870. In the mid-1850s the Farrandsville Iron Company purchased large amounts of land in several places, including along Tangascootack Creek. In 1870 all of the mines in the area closed and lumbering became the area's most significant industry, with millions of board feet being floated downstream. The railroad tracks were removed and the mine buildings were abandoned or burned down. However, deep mining of the Clarion coal formation and the Lower Kittaning coal formation in the Tangascootack Creek watershed began in the 1800s and continued into the early 1900s. Strip mining operations began in the 1950s and 1960s, with some of the deep mines and surface mines being remined in the 1980s. The Independent Regulatory Review Commission issued a statement in the summer of 1987, saying that part of the North Fork Tangascootack Creek watershed was no longer suitable for surface mining. Treatment of the watershed began as early as 1998. Several projects devoted to improving the water quality of the creek had begun by 2001, by which point several more projects were planned. At least one of these projects involves the use of biosolids to encourage vegetation growth.
A gristmill built at the mouth of the creek was one of the first manufacturing buildings on the West Branch Susquehanna River upstream of Big Island. In 1864 a large sawmill was constructed on Tangascootack Creek a short distance above the mouth and several years later a shingle mill was built in the area. The sawmill was also expanded and six dams were constructed on the creek. The total cost of this project was $100,000. Agriculture was another industry that was practiced in the area of the creek in the early 1900s. In 1859 the Sunbury and Erie Railroad went into the creek's valley.
In the late 1800s, lumbering on North Fork Tangascootack Creek was a viable industry and the historic community of Eagleton was in the Tangascootack Creek valley. In the early 20th century, the Pennsylvania Railroad passed through the Tangascootack Creek basin. During this time, the Scootac Railway ran alongside the upper reaches of the creek.
John Reaville said around 1940 that the Tangascootack Creek valley is the "only one in Pennsylvania with four deserted villages that once flourished so promisingly on the eastern base of the great bituminous coal fields of Pennsylvania and marked its progress westward."
Etymology
"Tangascootac" is a Native American word for "a foe" and also refers to a Nanticoke chief. The creek has sometimes been called Scootack or Tangascootac Creek.
Biology
Tangascootack Creek is considered to be a cold water fishery. The tributary North Fork Tangascootack Creek has significant trout and macroinvertebrate populations. On the main stem of the creek, there are limited numbers of fish and some aquatic ecosystems, though in the middle and upper parts of the creek, there is virtually no life in the water. Near the headwaters and Bear Swamp, there is some aquatic life, as these locations are upstream of the strip mines and acid mine drainage. The main species of fish in the creek are brook trout, Semotilus atromaculatus, Catostomus commersoni, and Rhinichthys atratulus. Young-of-the-Year trout also live in the creek.
The quantity of benthic macroinvertebrates at sites in Tangascootack Creek has been measured by the West Branch Susquehanna Restoration Coalition using different systems. These sites included designations T-1 and T-2—the main creek just above and below the entry of Muddy Run, respectively—and T-3 which is further downstream from T-2. Total taxa richness, as measured by the organization, ranged from 3 at sites T-2 and T-3 to 7 at site T-1, with an average of 4.3. The EPT Taxa Richness (measured on a scale of 0 to 4) ranged from 0 at sites T-2 and T-3 to 2 at site T-1, with an average of 0.7. The scores of the sites according to version 3 of the Beck’s Index (twice the number of pollution-intolerant benthos taxa plus the number of facultative benthos taxa) ranged from 0 at sites T-2 and T-3 to 6 at site T-1. On the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (a method of determining a stream's ecosystem quality based on its benthic macroinvertebrates), the sites ranged from 3.538 for site T-1 to 6.2 for site T-2, with an average of 5.024. On the Shannon index, the sites ranged from 0.950 at site T-2 to 1.925 at site T-3, with an average of 1.325.
The West Branch Susquehanna Restoration Coalition measured several sites on Tangascootack Creek based on their habitat quality. The assessment measured 12 different values, including instream cover and the width of the riparian zone on a scale of 0 to 240. The site T-1 had a score of 203 and the site T-3 had a score of 198. Both were considered optimal habitats. However, T-2 had a score of 179, making it a suboptimal habitat.
A total of 13 benthic macroinvertebrates were observed by the West Branch Susquehanna Restoration Coalition at site T-1. Five were observed at site T-2 and three were observed at site T-3. The benthic macroinvertebrates included two specimens each of Leuctra, Palpomyia, Dicranota, Diplectrona, and Hydropsyche Chironomidae. One specimen of Sialis was observed. The benthic macroinvertebrates included three specimens of Chironomidae, and one each of Tipula and Trepobates. The benthic macroinvertebrates included one specimen each of Chironomidae, Hydropsyche, and Ceratopsyche.
See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
Bald Eagle Creek (West Branch Susquehanna River)
Hyner Run
References
Tributaries of the West Branch Susquehanna River
Rivers of Clinton County, Pennsylvania
Rivers of Pennsylvania |
Guadalupe Bracho Pérez-Gavilán (; 16 April 1903 – 6 October 1987), known professionally as Andrea Palma, was a Mexican actress. She was considered the first major female star of the Mexican cinema after her role in the Mexican film La Mujer del Puerto (1934).
Early life
Guadalupe Bracho Pérez-Gavilán was one of eleven children of Julio Bracho Zuloaga, born in Durango, a wealthy land and textile factory owner who lost all his possessions during the Mexican Revolution. One of her brothers was the film director Julio Bracho. Her cousins were the Hollywood actors Ramon Novarro and Dolores del Río.<ref>[http://escritores.cinemexicano.unam.mx/biografias/B/BRACHO_gavilan_julio/biografia.html Julio Bracho Gavilán](Spanish)</ref>
Bracho moved his family to Mexico City, where Andrea became interested in theater during her school years, and later in fashion and hat design. She entered the hat business in the early 1920s and opened her own shop, called Casa Andrea (from where she took her first name as an actress, adding the last name of one of her clients, the elegant Mrs. Palma.) Known in the theater world, she had her first opportunity replacing her friend, the Mexican actress Isabela Corona when the actress gave birth to a child.
Career
She closed the shop and remained with the theater company and traveled to the United States, where she stayed until the early 1930s, helped by a young and struggling Cecil Kellaway, having small roles in the films of her cousins Dolores del Río and Ramón Novarro and as hat and make-up consultant for Marlene Dietrich, when the German actress arrived in Hollywood. When she was called from Mexico and offered the role of Rosario in the film La Mujer del Puerto, it was Dietrich's style that inspired her in creating her character.La Mujer del puerto (1934) became an instant success and Palma became a superstar, practically overnight. In the succeeding years, she was much in demand: her next movie was completely opposite to Rosario, playing the famous 17th century poet, playwright and nun Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz; she returned to Hollywood to make two "Latin films", took a four-year break doing theater and in 1943 she was directed by her brother Julio Bracho in the classic melodrama Distinto amanecer (1943). She played Julieta, a frustrated wife during the day and a prostitute during the night. She appeared in other movies like El Rosario (1943), Los buitres sobre el tejado (1945) and La casa de la zorra (1945). In 1948, Palma participated in a Tarzan vehicle, Tarzan and the Mermaids (1948) starring Johnny Weissmuller. She travelled to Spain to perform in a play and during rehearsals she met actor Enrique Díaz, whom she married. When she returned to Mexico, she was no longer considered a young leading lady and became specialized in character roles.
In the 1950s she was in two classic Rumberas film productions and huge commercial successes starring Cuban superstar Ninón Sevilla and directed by Alberto Gout, playing a mean brothel owner in Aventurera (1950) and a suffering wife in Sensualidad (1951). She filmed other movies like Mujeres sin mañana (1950), with Carmen Montejo and Leticia Palma, and Eugenia Grandet (1952) with Marga López. In 1955 she worked with Luis Buñuel in Ensayo de un crimen (1955). In the late 1950s, she appears next to Libertad Lamarque in La mujer que no tuvo infancia (1956); María Félix in Miercoles de ceniza, and Dolores del Río in Where Are Our Children Going? (1958), among others.
Although she worked in the Mexican film industry until the 1970s, Andrea Palma concentrated in television and theater since the late 1950s, including her weekly appearance as hostess of the popular series La novela semanal, based on literature classics, until her retirement in 1979 due to an illness. Her last role was with her niece and goddaughter Diana Bracho in the series Ángel Guerra (1979).
Selected filmographyGirl of the Río (1931)Blonde Venus (1932)La Mujer del Puerto (1934)Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz (1935)Ave sin Rumbo (1936)Amapola del Camino (1937)La Inmaculada (1939)
Another Dawn (1943)El Rosario (1944)La Casa de la Zorra (1945)Los buitres sobre el tejado (1946)Bel Ami (1947)Tarzan and the Mermaids (1948)Aventurera (1950)Por la puerta falsa (1950)Sensualidad (1951)
Women Without Tomorrow (1951)La Mentira (1952)Eugenia Grandet (1952)
Women Who Work (1953)Angels of the Street (1953)Take Me in Your Arms (1954)Ensayo de un crímen (1955)La mujer que no tuvo infancia (1957)Miercoles de Ceniza (1958)Where Are Our Children Going? (1958)Mi esposa se divorcia (TV) (1959)Espejo de Sombras (TV) (1960)
The White Sister (1960)Teresa (1961)Janina (TV) (1962)La Familia Miau (TV) (1963)La Piel de Zapa (TV) (1964)Juicio de Almas (TV) (1964)Puente de cristal (TV) (1965)El proceso de Cristo (1966)El Baron Brokola (1967)Lucía Sombra (TV) (1971)Muñeca (TV) (1974)Mundo de juguete (TV) (1974)Pobre Clara (TV) (1975)Pasiones Encendidas (TV) (1978)Angel Guerra'' (TV) (1979)
References
Bibliography
External links
Andrea Palma la primera Diva del Cine Mexicano (Archived 2009-10-25)
Bracho family (Archived 2009-10-25)
1903 births
1987 deaths
Mexican film actresses
Mexican television actresses
Mexican stage actresses
Actresses from Durango
People from Durango City
20th-century Mexican actresses
Golden Age of Mexican cinema |
The National System for Integral Family Development (; SNDIF or just DIF) is a Mexican public institution of social assistance that focuses on strengthening and developing the welfare of the Mexican families. The institution was founded in 1977 by Carmen Romano, the wife of Mexican President José López Portillo and First Lady of Mexico.
Its national director reports directly to the President of Mexico, and the role was traditionally held by the First Lady until 2000, when President Vicente Fox, who was unmarried, appointed Ana Teresa Aranda to the post. Its local chapters report to municipal presidents and governors.
Mexico received praise from international human rights advocates in November 2020 for changing responsibility for the care of migrant children from the National Migration Institution (NIM) to the DIF.
References
External links
Official site
Executive branch of the government of Mexico |
Cee Pee Johnson (born Clifton Byron Johnson, February 21, 1910 – after October 1954) was an American jazz composer, bandleader, singer and multi-instrumentalist.
Early life and career
Johnson was born in Marshall, Texas in February 1910 and raised in Algiers, New Orleans. He first appeared in published sources in Dallas early in the 1930s, billed as C. B. Johnson, playing in his brother Bert Johnson's band The Sharps and Flats. Johnson danced and sang with this ensemble, and also played banjo and tom-toms.
He moved to Los Angeles in the middle of the decade, and played with Emerson Scott's band at the Onyx Club in Hollywood. He eventually became the group's bandleader, and played at several high-profile West Coast clubs, including the Paradise Club, the Del Mar Club (1940), the Rhumboogie, and Billy Berg's Swing Club. His sidemen included Teddy Buckner, Karl George, Buddy Banks, Marshal Royal, Jack McVea, Johnny Miller, and Buddy Collette. His backup drummer was Alton Redd. The ensemble appeared in many films, and was active until at least 1954; he toured South America in 1953.
Johnson worked as a sideman with Slam Stewart and Slim Gaillard on their Slim and Slam sessions.
Filmography
All entries drawn from Library of Congress except where otherwise noted.
Fox Movietone Follies of 1929 (1929) – N/A (uncredited)
The Music Goes 'Round (1936) – N/A (uncredited)
Woodland Café (1937) – Chorus voice (uncredited)
Mystery in Swing (1940) – With his orchestra
Citizen Kane (1941) – Drummer in beach party sequence (uncredited)
Tom, Dick and Harry (1941) – N/A (uncredited)
Birth of the Blues (1941) – N/A (uncredited)
Hellzapoppin' (1941) – With his orchestra (uncredited)
Swing for Your Supper (soundie; 1941) – Leading his orchestra, with Dorothy Dandridge dancing
Jump In (soundie; 1942) – With his orchestra
The Desert Song (1943) – Percussionist in Moroccan cafe sequences
Jungle Jig (soundie; 1944) – With his orchestra, accompanying Dorothy Dandridge
To Have and Have Not (1944) – Drummer in club group (uncredited)
The Jolson Story (1946) – Unseen drum soloist in final night club scene (uncredited)
The Razor's Edge (1946) – Bandleader / Drum soloist in nightclub (uncredited)
The Foxes of Harrow (1947) – Drummer in voodoo sequence (uncredited)
Notes
References
Further reading
Articles
Doyle, Freddy. "Orchs and Musicians". The California Eagle. May 14, 1937. Page 12.
"Season's Greetings from the Musicians". The California Eagle. December 23, 1937. Page 20.
Helm. "Vaudeville; Night Club Reviews: Rhumboogie, H'wood". Variety. February 26, 1941. pp. 46–47.
"Cee Pee Johnson Band Booked at Civic Auditorium". The Honolulu Advertiser. September 27, 1947. Page 7.
"Musician Jailed for Burglary; More About Cee Pee Johnson". The California Eagle. August 9, 1951. pp. 1, 3.
"'Ceepee' Johnson, Wife Face Many Burglary Charges". Los Angeles Sentinel. August 16, 1951. pp. A1, A2.
"Cee Pee's Wife Faints As She Gets Prison Term". The California Eagle. October 4, 1951. Page 1.
"King of Tom Tom Drums". The California Eagle. December 10, 1953. Page 8.
"C. P. Johnson Crew All Set to Swing for Old Charity". The California Eagle. December 17, 1953. Page 9.
Books
Royal, Marshal. Jazz Survivor. London: Cassell. 1996. pp. 55–56. .
External links
[ Cee Pee Johnson] at Allmusic
Whitey's Lindy Hoppers — excerpt from Hellzapoppin' (1941) featuring Johnson's trademark tom-tom act on YouTube
Johnson's "Swinging It Lightly" — accompanying himself on piano at the conclusion of Mystery in Swing (1940) on YouTube
1910 births
Year of death missing
20th-century American drummers
African-American jazz composers
American jazz composers
African-American male singer-songwriters
American jazz bandleaders
American jazz drummers
American jazz singers
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
Singer-songwriters from Louisiana
20th-century jazz composers
20th-century African-American male singers |
The women's 400m freestyle S7 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 11 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.
Results
Heats
Competed from 09:15.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Final
Competed at 17:09.
Q = qualified for final. PR = Paralympic Record.
References
Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's swimming |
The Mystery of Number 47 is a 1912 comedy mystery thriller novel by the British writer J. Storer Clouston. Living in a quiet suburb of London and writing detective novels under an assumed name, Irwin Molyneux is suddenly drawn into a real-life case when he is sought by Scotland Yard for the murder of his wife due to a series of misunderstandings. It was originally published in London by Mills & Boon under the title His First Offence.
Adaptation
In 1917 it was adapted into an American silent film The Mystery of No. 47 directed by Otis B. Thayer and starring Ralph C. Herz and Casson Ferguson. In 1937 a French film Bizarre, Bizarre directed by Marcel Carné and starring Louis Jouvet, Françoise Rosay and Michel Simon.
References
Bibliography
Blakeway, Claire. Jacques Prévert: Popular French Theatre and Cinema. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1990.
Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.
Royle, Trevor. Macmillan Companion to Scottish Literature. Macmillan, 1984.
1912 British novels
Novels set in London
British comedy novels
British mystery novels
British thriller novels
Novels by J. Storer Clouston
British novels adapted into films
Novels about writers
Mills & Boon books |
Francis Michael Kennedy (31 July 1920 – 27 December 1990) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Family
The son of Michael Francis Kennedy (1890-1971), and Ann Maree Kennedy (1892-1977), née Maher, Francis Michael Kennedy was born at Vervale, Victoria on 31 July 1920.
He married Agnes May Stout (1920-1989) in 1946.
Football
Kennedy's first contact with the Melbourne Football Club was on 2 April 1940, 1940, when -- described as a "new man" from "Vervale, Gippsland" -- he took part in the team's training.
In 1944, he was listed as a "new" player -- from the Melbourne Seconds -- in Melbourne's final training list for the 1944 season, and made his debut for Melbourne's First XVIII against Richmond, at Punt Road, on 6 May 1944, and was considered to be Melbourne's best player (in a losing team).
"Frank Kennedy, from Garfield, was not so conspicuous against Essendon [in round 3, on 4 May 1946], but was one of Melbourne's best the previous week [viz., round 2, on 27 April 1946, his first senior match in the 1946 season] at Carlton.Playing on a half-forward flank, his leading-out, and general approach to the ball, were features. His present form should keep him in the side." -- "Clubman", 8 May 1946.
Kennedy was a reserve in Melbourne's losing 1946 VFL Grand Final team. He came onto the field in the final quarter, and was reported for striking and suspended for four matches.
Military service
He served in the Australian Army in World War II from July 1943 to February 1945.
Death
He died at Garfield, Victoria on 27 December 1990.
Notes
References
World War Two Nominal Roll: Private Francis Michael Kennedy (VX137119), Department of Veterans' Affairs.
B883, VX137119: World War Two Service Record: Private Francis Michael Kennedy (VX137119), National Archives of Australia.
External links
Frank Kennedy, at Demonwiki.
1920 births
1990 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Melbourne Football Club players |
Five on a Treasure Island is an 8-part 1957 British film serial made by the Children's Film Foundation, based on the novel of the same name by Enid Blyton. The author herself helped cast the film. It was filmed in Dorset, UK, at Corfe Castle, in Corfe Castle Village, the Jurassic Coast, Lulworth Cove and Stair Hole near Lulworth Cove which served as the Kirrin Island landing spot for the rowing boat in the film.
The antique store from the beginning of the film was filmed at Oliver's in 5 West Street, Corfe Castle Village, Dorset, UK.
Cast
Rel Grainer as George
Richard Palmer as Julian
Gillian Harrison as Anne
John Bailey as Dick
Daga as Timothy the Dog
Robert Cawdron as Luke Undown
Nicholas Bruce as Jim
Peter Burton as Quentin Kirrin
Iris Russell as Margaret Kirrin
Robert Dean as Cmdr. Mainbridge
John Charlesworth as Jan
Rufus Cruickshank as Captain Zachary (as Rufus Cruikshank)
Critical reception
DVD Beaver wrote "Chock-full of cliff-hangers and mystery, the popular Children's Film Foundation serial remains close to the spirit of the book...This is very highly recommended."
References
External links
1957 films
Children's Film Foundation
Films set on islands
Films based on children's books
Adaptations of works by Enid Blyton
1957 adventure films
British adventure films
Films scored by Jack Beaver
Films shot in Dorset
1950s British films |
The 2003 Elite League speedway season was the 69th season of the top division of speedway in the United Kingdom and governed by the Speedway Control Bureau (SCB), in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA).
Season summary
In 2003, the league decreased to eight teams, after the King's Lynn dropped to the Premier League and reverted back to their traditional name of Stars. They also lost the promotion of Nigel Wagstaff who took over at Oxford, which resulted in Oxford Cheetahs taking over the Silver Machine name from King's Lynn. King's Lynn's leading riders Nicki Pedersen and Sebastian Ułamek also switched to Oxford. Freddie Eriksson went to Ipswich. Oxford also brought in former World Champion Greg Hancock from Coventry but lost Leigh Adams and Lukáš Dryml to Poole.
Poole's decision to recruit Adams and Dryml was instrumental because they went on to claim the title. Adams finished top of the league averages and he was backed up by their five time World Champion Tony Rickardsson and the vastly improved form of Magnus Zetterström. Poole went on to complete the double by winning the Knockout Cup.
Final table
Play-offs
Semi-final decided over one leg. Grand Final decided by aggregate scores over two legs.
Semi-finals
Poole Pirates 48-42 Oxford Silver Machine
Coventry Bees 60-30 Peterborough Panthers
Final
First leg
Second leg
The Poole Pirates were declared League Champions, winning on aggregate 100-79.
Elite League Knockout Cup
The 2003 Elite League Knockout Cup was the 65th edition of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams. Poole Pirates were the winners of the competition.
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
First leg
Second leg
The Poole Pirates were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 90-88.
Riders' Championship
Lee Richardson won the Riders' Championship. The final was held at Brandon Stadium on 18 October.
r-retired
Leading final averages
Riders & final averages
Belle Vue
10.79
8.24
7.93
6.78
6.52
6.21
5.23
5.15
4.79
4.78
4.31
2.67
2.46
Coventry
9.23
8.78
8.49
7.72
6.84
5.97
3.71
3.27
2.82
Eastbourne
8.48
8.08
8.05
7.83
7.81
7.44
7.36
5.89
5.70
5.08
4.00
4.00
2.67
Ipswich
9.41
6.53
6.46
5.93
5.93
5.91
5.60
5.47
4.83
4.70
4.07
4.00
Oxford
9.33
9.28
8.64
7.82
7.81
6.52
6.43
6.37
6.30
5.57
4.84
4.77
4.46
2.72
Peterborough
9.23
8.76
7.28
7.22
6.97
6.93
6.23
5.86
Poole
10.14
10.07
9.64
8.52
7.66
7.20
7.06
6.48
6.10
5.83
4.55
4.33
Wolverhampton
9.28
9.10
7.45
7.40
7.02
7.01
6.57
6.00
5.80
5.67
4.88
2.95
See also
Speedway in the United Kingdom
List of United Kingdom Speedway League Champions
Knockout Cup (speedway)
References
SGB Premiership
2003 in British motorsport |
The cross-race effect (sometimes called cross-race bias, other-race bias, own-race bias or other-race effect) is the tendency to more easily recognize faces that belong to one's own racial group. In social psychology, the cross-race effect is described as the "ingroup advantage," whereas in other fields, the effect can be seen as a specific form of the "ingroup advantage" since it is only applied in interracial or inter-ethnic situations. The cross-race effect is thought to contribute to difficulties in cross-race identification, as well as implicit racial bias.
A number of theories as to why the cross-race effect exists have been conceived, including social cognition and perceptual expertise. However, no model has been able to fully account for the full body of evidence.
History
The first research study on the cross-race effect was published in 1914. It stated that humans tend to perceive people of other races than themselves to all look alike. All else being equal, individuals of a given race are distinguishable from each other in proportion to their familiarity or contact with the race as a whole. This does not hold true when people of different races familiarize themselves with races different from their own.
As research into the cross-race effect continued, multiple theories arose as to why the effect exists, including the contact hypothesis, different processing mechanisms, social cognition, feature selection, and cognitive disregard. However, each of these theories have their own challenges and conflicting evidence.
Numerous studies on the cross-race effect have occurred. However, improvements in technology has allowed for researchers to study the cross-race effect from a neural and/or computational lens. Despite both occurring under the umbrella of facial processing, researchers have found that different areas of the brain activate when processing own-race vs other-race faces. Research using computational models have found that the other race effect only occurs when facial processing and feature selection is influenced by biased experience. However, as use of these methods to examine the cross-race effect is relatively new, further research is still needed.
Theoretical approaches
Ingroup advantage
Cross-race effect has a strong connection with the ingroup advantage phenomenon. With ingroup advantage, people evaluate and judge members of their own self-defined group as being better and fairer than members of other groups (outgroup disadvantage). Social psychologists have demonstrated in the last 30 years that even the smallest aspect of differentiation, like preference for flavor of ice cream or style of music, can trigger ingroup advantage. If the group-building factor is a person's race, then cross-race effect appears.
Cross-race effect and emotion recognition
A meta-analysis of several studies about emotion recognition in facial expressions revealed that people could recognize and interpret the emotional facial expression of a person of their own race faster and better than of a person of another race. These findings apply to all races in the same way. Some studies show that other races, compared to one's own race, have differently shaped faces and different details within a facial expression, making it difficult for members of other races to decode emotional expressions. However, studies have shown that the mood of the observer does not affect the cross-race effect.
Social cognition
Research has shown that people tend to think more categorically about outgroup members and more individually about ingroup members. For example, outgroup members may associate specific facial features with a particular race or ethnicity, and do not notice the subtle variations in skin tone, lip size, or brow strength that ingroup members recognize. Categorical thinking happens more consistently for outgroup participants while individuation does the exact opposite. These different views between outgroup and ingroup members have been known to bias conceptual cognitive processes and show that the cross-race effect actually has less to do with race than with different levels of cognitive processing that occur for ingroup and outgroup members.
Cognitive disregard
Another set of cognitive theories related to cross-race effect focuses on how social categorization and individuation biases face memory. Some researchers believe that the inability for ingroup members' to recognize differences in the features of outgroup members can be explained through cognitive disregard. They find that the likelihood of falsely identifying a member of an out-group stems from an automatic encoding of a face without processing its unique features. Thus, when presented with an out-group member who has a similar face to the one that was encoded, the in-group member automatically, but incorrectly determines that the face has been "seen" before. These studies conclude that diminishing the cross race effect requires individuals to process ethnically-differing faces with the goal of encoding with individuation.
Depth of processing hypothesis
Depth of processing also influences the presence of the cross race effect. Same-race faces are more correctly and easily discerned because deep processing, than other-race faces are. This hypothesis, however, is controversial because of its inability to be replicated within studies.
Challenges for social cognition models
There are two challenges to the social cognition models (a) mixed evidence dealing with race accessibility, face perception, and memory and (b) the effects of development and training on the cross-race effect. Regarding the mixed evidence, the popular belief is that the more someone is exposed to people of different races the less likely they will be affected by the cross-race effect. There have been studies that support this theory, but other research has shown mixed results. For example, the results of studies done where the accessibility, as in how easy or not it is for a person to be around people of difference races, to different races is manipulated, showed that this does not always affect face memory. Second regarding the development and training effects, just because someone shows improvement with dealing with the cross-race effect due to exposure to cross race training or experience, it is not a direct prediction of a good social cognitive model. For the social cognitive model to start explaining such effects there would have to be evidence that ingroup and outgroup distinctions occur developmentally at the exact time the cross-race effect emerges in a child. There is some evidence showing when the cross-race effect first emerges, but there is little research directly testing the onset of ingroup and outgroup recognition biases in young children.
While social cognition models indicate a lack of effort to individuate other-race faces explains the cross-race effect, some research has challenged this by arguing that individuals do not spend less effort looking at other-race faces than same-race ones.
Perceptual expertise hypothesis
The perceptual expertise theory also suggest that if we identify the perceptual learning mechanisms that control perceptual expertise with face and non-face stimuli we will understand the cross-race effect. There are many models that deal with perceptual expertise, but all of these models share the idea that a human's face processing ability does not generalize equally to all faces. Hence, these theories propose that racial segregation results in people developing better expertise in distinguishing between faces of our own race or of a different race. Research around these theories also suggests that the more a child is exposed to cross-race face processing the lower the cross-race effect. However, if the child is not exposed to a lot of cross-race face processing the cross-race effect can increase. Furthermore, there is evidence that long term and short term exposure to cross-race face processing can improve recognition. In this view, the cross-race effect may not actually be a distinct, individual effect but rather an example of a larger difficulty in humans with the capacity to recognise unfamiliar groups and categories (such as unfamiliar sounds, animals, car models etc).
Challenges for perceptual expertise models
Challenges to the perceptual expertise models are the mixed evidence for the interracial contact hypothesis, and the varied results of the training effect. The mixed evidence shows that although there is some support to the theory that the more interracial contact a person has the better a person is at cross-race recognition, all the evidence gathered does not come to the same conclusion. This mixture of results causes the relationship between cross-race exposure and recognition ability to weaken. However, there may also be a third factor that contributes to these inconsistent findings. There is some evidence that the quality of cross-race contact has an effect on this relationship. For example, research supports the position that to be able to recognize cross-race faces one has to be attentive and effortful when encoding the face into memory. Training individuals has been shown to reduce the cross race effect in people, however this quick onset is coupled with a quick off set of the ability. Although, this short term training can translate into long term training, it is not the same as actually having real life experience with the cross-race effect. Finally, there are also other processes besides perceptual expertise that can influence cross-race recognition.
Effects of social cognition
Another reason the cross-race-effect may occur is that perceptions are often affected by motivations, expectations, and social cognition. Overall, the creation of norms has shaped and biased even simple perceptions such as line lengths. In terms of perception of faces, studies have shown that racially ambiguous faces that have been identified as one race or another based on their hairstyle are identified as having more features of the racial category represented by the hairstyle. Similarly, faces of an ambiguous but equal shade are interpreted as darker or lighter when accompanied by the label of either "black" or "white", respectively. Other social cognitive biases may also have the ability to overpower the cross-race-effect. A study has shown that social perception of wealth has the ability to modulate the effect: when the targets were seen as impoverished, the difference in facial recognition disappeared.
Integration of cross-race effect theories
Prototypes
Individuals develop and store a face prototype each time they encounter a face unique to ones he or she has previously encountered (usually ones that differ in features compared to his or her ethnic group). From their studies, researchers have concluded that when an individual belonging to an ethnicity that differs from his or her own, he or she forms a prototype and reserves it for future use, if and when necessary. The prototype view raises concern, however, because individuals storing these unique faces may ignore the fact that everyone has features that may be only special to his or her makeup, and may not apply to everyone belonging to that particular ethnic group or race; thus, this results in more false alarms during eyewitness testimony or identifying perpetrators in lineups.
Race-feature theory
Deeper study of the cross-race effect has demonstrated two types of processing for the recognition of faces: featural and holistic. It has been found that holistic processing (which occurs beyond individual parts of the face) is more commonly used in same-race situations, but there is an experience effect, which means that as a person gains more experience with those of a particular race, he or she will begin to use more holistic processing. Featural processing is much more commonly used with an unfamiliar stimulus or face.
In his 1996 study, researchers noticed that when looking at ethnicity, in-group faces are processed without acknowledgement of ethnic-specific details and features. People code faces that deviate from the norm of their ethnic group through the absence or presence of distinctive ethnic features.
This is supported by the finding that the classification of other-race faces tends to be faster than same-race faces. This suggests that race seems to be a more perceptually salient feature than other more discerning facial features when the face belongs to a different race. Some eye tracking studies found tentative evidence for such a hypothesis by demonstrating that people look at different facial features in same- versus other-race faces. The general trend observed is that people fixate the eyes of a face with higher probability if it belongs to the same ethnic group as the observer her- or himself. Other studies found stable differences of similar magnitude between the looking behavior of Asian observers, who tend to fixate the center of the face, and European observers, who tend to fixate major facial features (e.g., eyes), for both own- and other-race faces. This was previously explained as stemming from a more clustered density-gradient for other-race faces than same race faces. The reasoning is that this causes more nodes to become activated in reaction to an other-race face, resulting in faster classification, but less discriminability in terms of memory. However, these exemplar-based theories cannot explain why faces that are ambiguous in terms of social category information can influence recognition. Further, other work suggests that many basic perceptual decisions such as inferring a face's identity are computed within the first one or two fixations. These initial fixations are highly similar across ethnicities/cultures of the face/observer, suggesting that critical traits such as familiarity, identity, and sex/gender are computed with a common eye movement and perceptual encoding strategy shared across humans, with culture/ethnicity-specific differences only emerging later on in the scan path.
Contact hypothesis theory
One method researchers have suggested to help mollify the prevalence of the cross race effect is through application of the contact hypothesis. Accurate recognition and identification of other-race faces, researchers have deduced, stems from a difference in learning experiences that relate to individual ethnic groups. The cross race effect can be reduced by continual exposure to ethnic groups that differ from one's own; the more positive interactions that occur between two ethnic groups, the more heterogeneous the ethnicities will seem to be. The type of contact experienced between the two ethnic groups also plays a major role in this hypothesis' effectiveness; the more intimate the contact, the higher the chances become of accurately recognizing a member of a different ethnicity than one's own As an example, research done on Asian and white students living in Singapore and Canada showed a significant cross race effect that was not able to be predicted by perceived familiarity with the other race. Previously seen as evidence against the contact hypothesis, it is now seen as evidence that the depth of contact is an important factor.
Empirical findings
The cross-race effect across ethnic groups
Although most studies done about the cross race effect are with black and white participants, there are also numerous studies done with people of different ethnic backgrounds. For example, there are studies done that compare Hispanic with black and white participants, black with white and Japanese participants, Chinese with Korean and white participants, Chinese with Indian and other East Asian ethnic participants, Turkish and German participants, and finally a study has been done comparing Arab and Israeli Jews. The data from all of these studies have come to the same conclusion. The cross-race effect is evident among all people of all different races.
Morphological basis
The cross race effect has a morphological basis: The facial appearance is morphologically different for different ethnic backgrounds. This has been established empirically, wherein a large set of 3D scans of faces from different ethnic backgrounds was automatically clustered into groups. Only facial landmark distances were used in this grouping. The result was that gender, as well as ethnicity, emerged as primary factors of group membership.
While the cross-race effect has been observed for adult faces, research indicates that infant faces do not produce a cross-race effect; infant faces seem to automatically draw the viewer's attention with the ethnicity of the infant having no effect.
Immersion vs. upbringing
Children and face identification
With the help of several conducted studies, researchers conclude that the accuracy of eyewitness memory is significantly affected by the ethnic identity of both the suspect and the eye-witness; an individual can more accurately recognize a face belonging to his or her race than an individual whose race differs from that of his or her own. Previous studies have analyzed how the cross-race effect affects adults during eyewitness testimony but fails to address the possible existence of age-related confounding factors: On one hand, as an individual grows older and encounters more members of the other ethnic group in question, the novelty of the ethnic difference wears off and makes it less distracting, and the individual can pay higher absolute and relative amounts of attention to subtle distinctions between members of that group; on the other hand, time also increases the individual's exposure to biases prevalent in his/her own in-group, as well as compounding the effects of any self-reinforcement bias that the individual exhibits with respect to his/her preexisting opinions. The literature available on this topic is minute and conflicting; some researchers have found a prevalence of the cross-race effect in both white and black children, yet others have reported findings of children possessing the ability to discern other-race faces accurately. In their aim to identify developmental differences, researchers such as Pezdek et al. discovered that children recognize faces belonging to their own race more effectively than faces belonging to another race.
Consequences
Cross-race identification bias
This effect refers to the decreased ability of people of one race to recognize faces and facial expressions of people of another race. This differs from the cross-race bias because this effect is found mostly during eyewitness identification as well as identification of a suspect in a line-up. In these situations, many people feel as if races other than their own look alike, and they have difficulty distinguishing between members of different ethnic groups. Cross-race identification bias is also known as the misinformation effect since people are considered to be misinformed about other races and have difficulty identifying them. A study was made which examined 271 real court cases. In photographic line-ups, 231 witnesses participated in cross-race versus same-race identification. In cross-race lineups, only 45% were correctly identified versus 60% for same-race identifications. In a study dealing with eyewitness testimony, investigators examined forty participants in a racially diverse area of the US. Participants watched a video of a property crime being committed, then in the next 24 hours came to pick the suspect out of a photo line-up. Most of the participants in the study either misidentified the suspect or stated the suspect was not in the line-up at all. Correct identification of the suspect occurred more often when the eyewitness and the suspect were of the same race. In another study, 86 convenience store clerks were asked to identify three customers: one white, one black, and one Mexican, all of whom had purchased in the store earlier that day. The clerks tended to identify customers belonging to their own race accurately, but were more likely to make errors when attempting to identify other races members. Meanwhile, another study found that "alcohol intoxication reduces the own-race bias in face recognition," albeit by impairing accurate perception and leaving in place or increasing random error rather than by improving facial recognition of members of other groups.
There has been some disagreement about the consistency of the own-race bias. However, data gathered from multiple studies does show that the own-race bias is very consistent. Where it is not consistent, such as in a study done on white students in England and white and black students in South Africa, there are other factors associated. In this study the black South African students were slightly better at identifying white faces, but this is thought to be related to the significant contact the black students had with white students in University, as black non-students in South Africa were found to exhibit the own race bias. The own-race bias occurs in people of all races. Since eyewitness identification can be problematic, researchers have started to conduct studies of own-race biases using more forensics. This kind of research needs to pay more attention to a target's distinctive features and level of attractiveness. If a target is very distinctive or very attractive, it could reduce the cross-race effect because that person would be easier to identify.
Psychological experts all agree that the cross-race effect is a common occurrence during in-court testimony when an eyewitness is trying to remember a person. In order to reduce the cross-race effect there have been multiple changes to how policemen handle eyewitness identification. For example, to reduce the cross-race identification bias Britain has a law that states police must include the suspect in a line up with at least eight other people who share similar characteristics to him or her. This forces the eyewitness to use his or her memory of the suspects features, not the suspect's race, as a form of identification. However, as evidence shows that cross race identification is more difficult when faces are viewed in a group, cross race identification still poses a risk.
Economic
Research has shown, that when making financial decisions, specific facial characteristics and implicit bias can influence the perceived trustworthiness of another person.
Mitigation of cross-race effect
Studies beyond the contact hypothesis have also been done to mitigate the cross-race effect. A study was done in which participants were forewarned about cross-race effect. Results from this study showed that the cross-race effect could be reduced and sometimes even eliminated when participants were wary of it. Research has also found that individuation training in which other race faces are given specific characteristics can mitigate the cross-race effect. In the study, white participants were trained to identify faces from one race (ex. African American) by specific letters and categorize another race (ex. Asian) using only one letter. Results found that participants were better able to distinguish other race faces that were individuated better than those that were categorized, despite equal exposure. In a study done on 43 white men, administering oxytocin before participants memorized faces was also found to reduce the cross-race effect.
Related biases
Similar biases have been found for aspects other than race. There is an own-gender bias, although evidence suggests that this comes down to hair style recognition. Also, there is an own-age bias where people are better at recognising people of a similar age as themselves.
See also
Discrimination
Ethnic group
Face perception
Ingroup bias
List of cognitive biases
List of memory biases
Ingroups and outgroups
Out-group homogeneity bias
In-group favoritism
Passing
Prosopagnosia
Racialism
Racism
Stereotype
Uncanny valley
References
Further reading
Face perception
Ethnicity
Race (human categorization) |
My Grandson, the Doctor is a Singaporean English-language sitcom. It starred Nicholas Lee, Jacintha Abisheganaden, Michelle Goh, Susan Quah, Neo Swee Lin, Jasmin Samat Simon and Koh Chieng Mun.
For his performance in the series, Samat won the Best Actor award for the comedy/light entertainment category at the Asian Television Awards in 1997.
Cast
Main
Nicholas Lee as Dr. Benedict Wee
Jacintha Abisheganaden as Maureen Veerappan
Michelle Goh as Pamela Heng
Susan Quah as Susan
Neo Swee Lin
Jasmin Samat Simon as Dr. Jaafar Hussein
Koh Chieng Mun
Recurring
Von Leong as Li Hwa
Reception
Carol Leong of The New Paper wrote that "Devotees of TCS sitcoms will enjoy the faintly absurd scenarios, the local humour and the sight of Jacintha playing it matronly."
Ong Sor Fern of The Straits Times wrote that the series has an "annoying share of well-educated actors trying to speak street English", and is "much too insipid to inspire many memories."
References
1996 Singaporean television series debuts
1997 Singaporean television series endings
Singaporean television sitcoms
Channel 5 (Singapore) original programming |
Thylactus mjoebergi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1925. It is known from Sumatra.
References
Xylorhizini
Beetles described in 1925 |
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Leksands Idrottsförening or Leksands IF are a professional ice hockey team in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). They play in Leksand, a town in the western-central Swedish province of Dalarna, at the Tegera Arena. Until 2021, the organisation ran a second women's side, called Leksands IF Dam 2, which competed in the Damettan Västra.
History
The women's section of Leksands IF was founded in 1998. The 2008 season saw a leap in success for the club, as it earned promotion to the Riksserien, and saw Cecilia Östberg and Klara Myrén become the first two Leksands players to represent the Swedish national women's team. In 2012, the club finished in 7th place, and was forced to compete in the relegation playoffs, but managed to keep its place in the SDHL.
In 2016, the club hired former Leksands men's youth player Alexander Bröms as head coach for the women's side, despite him having no previous coaching experience. He would hold the role until his departure in 2018 to coach the women's national under-18 team.
In 2017, multiple Leksands players publicly voiced dissatisfaction at the way the organisation was treating the women's side, including the fact that women's players received no salary and were being forced to clean up the arena's stands after men's games. Despite club chairperson Åke Nordström promising to improve conditions, after six months the players had only been provided with some exercise gear and a team-branded training bag.
In April 2018, Leksands goaltender Leon Reuterström publicly came out as transgender, and retired from the SDHL to pursue his medical transition. Later that summer, long-time club forward and third-leading scorer in club history, Iveta Koka, left the club to sign with AIK IF. Despite losing Koka, the club made several big signings ahead of the 2018–19 season, including Swedish international Anna Borgqvist and Canadian Danielle Stone. After beginning the season with a 9–0 victory over SDE Hockey, Leksands finished in 4th place in the SDHL, the second best result in club history. The club still failed to make it past the playoff quarterfinals, however, and both Borgqvist and Stone left the club after just one year. Long time defender and second-highest all-time in games played for the club Sofia Engström left the Leksands that summer as well, after the club had gone months without offering any players (nor the head coach) a contract extension following the team's elimination in the playoffs. The club dropped to 8th place in the 2019–20 SDHL season.
Season-by-season results
''This is a partial list of the most recent seasons completed by Leksands. Code explanation; GP—Games played, W—Wins, L—Losses, T—Tied games, GF—Goals for, GA—Goals against, Pts—Points. Top Scorer: Points (Goals+Assists)
Players and personnel
2023–24 roster
Coaching staff and team personnel
Head coach: Jordan Colliton
Assistant coach: Joakim Engström
Goaltending coach: Filip Myrskog
Phsyical trainer: Karin Reichel
Physical therapist: Tove Olsson
Equipment managers: Kent Arvidsson & Ida Munter Venell
Team captaincy history
Sofia Engström, 2008–2014
Elin Lundberg, 2014–2019
Hanna Sköld, 2019–2022
Abby Thiessen, 2022–23
Anna Purschke, 2023–
Head coaches
Daniel Ljung, 2007–08
Ulf Hedberg, 2008–2011
Magnus Svensson, 2011–12
Christer Siik, 2012–2014
Jens Nielsen, 2014–15
Christer Sjöberg, 2015–16
Alexander Bröms, 2016–2018
Ulf Hedberg, 2018–19
Lars Stanmark, 2019–2021
Mathias Olsson, 2021–22
Jordan Colliton, 2022–
Franchise records and leaders
All-time scoring leaders
The top-ten point-scorers (goals + assists) of Leksands IF through the 2020–21 season.
Note: Nat = Nationality; Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; = 2021–22 Leksands player
References
External links
Team information and statistics from Eliteprospects.com
Swedish Women's Hockey League teams
Women's ice hockey teams in Europe
Ice hockey teams in Dalarna County
Ice hockey clubs established in 1998
Women's ice hockey in Sweden
Leksands IF |
Michael Akuffu (born 18 December 1987) is a Ghanaian professional footballer, who currently plays as a defensive midfielder or right-back for Mekelle Kenema.
Club career
Akuffu began his club career with Ghana Football Leagues club Feyenoord Ghana. Akuffu is a defensive midfielder and right-back who enjoyed regular berth on loan to ASEC Mimosas. After 1 year at ASEC Mimosas Akuffu rejoined Feyenoord Ghana, and in July 2009 Akuffu went on trial in Finnish club FC PoPa. After the trial Akuffu signed a loan agreement until the end of the Finnish season. In the first 2 matches of FC PoPa Akuffu he already made a good impression by scoring 2 goals in 2 matches. In December 2010, Akuffu joined Asante Kotoko.
International career
In November 2013, coach Maxwell Konadu invited Akuffu to be included in the Ghana 30-man team for the 2013 WAFU Nations Cup that Akuffu helped Ghana defeat Senegal for a first-place finish, 3-1. Akuffu was included in the Ghana national football team for the 2014 African Nations Championship that finished runner-up.
Honours
Club
Asante Kotoko
Ghana Premier League Winner: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14
Ghanaian FA Cup: Runner-up 2012–13, Winner 2013–14
Ghana Super Cup Winner: 2012–13
National Team
WAFU Nations Cup Winner: 2013
African Nations Championship Runner-up: 2014
References
Living people
Footballers from Kumasi
Ghanaian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football fullbacks
Expatriate men's footballers in Ivory Coast
Expatriate men's footballers in Finland
ASEC Mimosas players
West African Football Academy players
Asante Kotoko S.C. players
Ghana Premier League players
Ghana men's A' international footballers
2014 African Nations Championship players
Ghana men's international footballers
Mekelle 70 Enderta F.C. players
Ethiopian Premier League players
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Ivory Coast
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Ethiopia
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Finland
1987 births |
Robert Selby Nesbit Gilchrist (1821 – 9 February 1905) was a Scottish first-class cricketer.
Gilchrist was born at Leith in Midlothian during 1821. He later made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of Middlesex against the Gentlemen of England at Islington in 1865. Batting twice in the match, he was run out in the Gentlemen of Middlesex's first-innings without scoring, while in their second-innings he was again run out, having scored 2 runs. He died at Berwick-upon-Tweed in February 1905.
References
External links
1821 births
1905 deaths
Sportspeople from Leith
Cricketers from Edinburgh
Gentlemen of Middlesex cricketers |
The 2012–13 GMHL season was the seventh season of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League (GMHL). The fifteen teams of the GMHL played 42-game schedules.
Starting in February 2013, the top teams of the league played down for the Russell Cup, emblematic of the grand championship of the GMHL. Since the GMHL is independent from Hockey Canada and the Canadian Junior Hockey League, this is where the GMHL's season ended.
The Bradford Rattlers won their third regular season title with a perfect record of 42 wins and no losses. With a 14 win, 2 loss record, the Rattlers also won their third Russell Cup as league playoff champions with a 4-games-to-2 victory over the Temiscaming Titans.
Changes
Expansion granted to the Rama Aces.
Powassan Eagles announce return.
Expansion granted to the Bradford Bulls.
Expansion granted to the Toronto Attack.
Expansion granted to the Bracebridge Phantoms.
Elliot Lake Bobcats leave league for Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League.
Deseronto Storm leave league for Empire B Junior C Hockey League.
Algoma Avalanche cease operations.
Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OTL = Overtime losses; SL = Shootout losses; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; PTS = Points; x = clinched playoff berth; y = clinched division title; z = clinched conference title
Teams listed on the official league website.
Standings listed on official league website.
2012-13 Russell Cup Playoffs
Playoff results are listed on the official league website.
Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes
Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Mins = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses: OTL = Overtime losses; SL = Shootout losses; GA = Goals Allowed; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average
Awards
Top Scorer: Illes Gallo (Rattlers)
Most Valuable Player: Andreas Norrby (Rattlers)
Rookie of the Year: Devon Gillham (Bulls)
Top Forward: Illes Gallo (Rattlers)
Top Defenceman: Andreas Norrby (Rattlers)
Top Goaltender: Anton Todykov (Red Wings)
Top Defensive Forward: Aaron Scott (Rattlers)
Most Sportsmanlike Player: Glen Patterson (Bucks)
Most Heart: Ricky Darrell (Aces)
Top Coach: Johan Lundskog (Rattlers)
See also
2012 in ice hockey
2013 in ice hockey
References
External links
Official website of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League
GMHL
Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League seasons |
John Spencer Merriman Jr. (April 22, 1899 – June 1986) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach. He served as the head football at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut from 1926 to 1928 and the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut from 1930 to 1945, compiling a career college football coaching record of 48–79–10.
References
1899 births
1986 deaths
Baseball coaches from New York (state)
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Coaches of American football from New York (state)
Coast Guard Bears football coaches
Coast Guard Bears men's basketball coaches
Trinity Bantams baseball coaches
Trinity Bantams football coaches |
Najdorf may refer to:
Miguel Najdorf, Polish-born Argentine chess grandmaster
Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation, chess opening used by Miguel Najdorf |
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return this.options.writer.text(this, this.options.writer.filterOptions(options));
};
XMLText.prototype.splitText = function(offset) {
throw new Error("This DOM method is not implemented." + this.debugInfo());
};
XMLText.prototype.replaceWholeText = function(content) {
throw new Error("This DOM method is not implemented." + this.debugInfo());
};
return XMLText;
})(XMLCharacterData);
}).call(this);
``` |
Diderik Børsting Schnitler (born 23 October 1946) is a Norwegian businessperson.
He hails from Stabekk, and in his younger days he was the treasurer and an active tennis player for Stabekk TK. He graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1970. He was hired as an engineer in Jarlsø Støperi in 1974, and was chief executive from 1976 to 1983. He was the chief executive officer of Kaldnes from 1983 to 1986 and EB Anker Sønnak from 1986 to 1989. In the 1980s he was a board member of Larvik Jernstøperi, Vestfold Jernlager, EB Consultants and Scanmar and chair of Sandefjord Airport.
He was elected leader of the Federation of Norwegian Manufacturing Industries in 1989. He left that position already in October 1989. After the 1989 Norwegian parliamentary election, Syse's Cabinet assumed office, and Schnitler was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Industry. He belonged to the Conservative Party. He lost that job in 1990 when Syse's Cabinet fell, but immediately became president of Kværner Shipbuilding and vice president of the Kværner Group. He also served as president of the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise from 1994 to 1996. From 1998 to 2000 he was the CEO of Saga Petroleum; he stepped down to become a professional board member. His period with Saga was disastrous for the company, after a series of unfavorable financial dispositions, and the company ceased to exist and was acquired by Norsk Hydro.
Since 2002 he has chaired the board of the global shipping company Wilh. Wilhelmsen. In 2009 he became chair of Stabæk Holding.
He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.
References
1946 births
Living people
People from Bærum
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Norwegian businesspeople
People in the petroleum industry
Norwegian state secretaries
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences |
```kotlin
package mega.privacy.android.shared.sync
import androidx.annotation.StringRes
import mega.privacy.android.domain.entity.sync.SyncError
import mega.privacy.android.shared.resources.R
import javax.inject.Inject
/**
* UI Mapper that retrieves the appropriate Device Folder Error Message from a Device Folder's
* [SyncError]
*/
class DeviceFolderUINodeErrorMessageMapper @Inject constructor() {
/**
* Invocation function
*
* @param errorSubState The corresponding [SyncError]
* @return A [StringRes] of the specific Error Message
*/
operator fun invoke(errorSubState: SyncError?): Int? = when (errorSubState) {
SyncError.NO_SYNC_ERROR -> null
SyncError.UNKNOWN_ERROR -> R.string.general_sync_message_unknown_error
SyncError.UNSUPPORTED_FILE_SYSTEM -> R.string.general_sync_unsupported_file_system
SyncError.INVALID_REMOTE_TYPE -> R.string.general_sync_invalid_remote_type
SyncError.INVALID_LOCAL_TYPE -> R.string.general_sync_invalid_local_type
SyncError.INITIAL_SCAN_FAILED -> R.string.general_sync_initial_scan_failed
SyncError.LOCAL_PATH_TEMPORARY_UNAVAILABLE -> R.string.general_sync_message_cannot_locate_local_drive_now
SyncError.LOCAL_PATH_UNAVAILABLE -> R.string.general_sync_message_cannot_locate_local_drive
SyncError.REMOTE_NODE_NOT_FOUND -> R.string.general_sync_remote_node_not_found
SyncError.STORAGE_OVERQUOTA -> R.string.general_sync_storage_overquota
SyncError.ACCOUNT_EXPIRED -> R.string.general_sync_account_expired
SyncError.FOREIGN_TARGET_OVERSTORAGE -> R.string.general_sync_foreign_target_overshare
SyncError.REMOTE_PATH_HAS_CHANGED -> R.string.general_sync_remote_path_has_changed
SyncError.SHARE_NON_FULL_ACCESS -> R.string.general_sync_share_non_full_access
SyncError.LOCAL_FILESYSTEM_MISMATCH -> R.string.general_sync_local_filesystem_mismatch
SyncError.PUT_NODES_ERROR -> R.string.general_sync_put_nodes_error
SyncError.ACTIVE_SYNC_BELOW_PATH -> R.string.general_sync_active_sync_below_path
SyncError.VBOXSHAREDFOLDER_UNSUPPORTED -> R.string.general_sync_vboxsharedfolder_unsupported
SyncError.ACCOUNT_BLOCKED -> R.string.general_sync_account_blocked
SyncError.UNKNOWN_TEMPORARY_ERROR -> R.string.general_sync_unknown_temporary_error
SyncError.TOO_MANY_ACTION_PACKETS -> R.string.general_sync_too_many_action_packets
SyncError.LOGGED_OUT -> R.string.general_sync_logged_out
SyncError.BACKUP_MODIFIED -> R.string.general_sync_message_folder_backup_issue_due_to_recent_changes
SyncError.BACKUP_SOURCE_NOT_BELOW_DRIVE -> R.string.general_sync_backup_source_not_below_drive
SyncError.SYNC_CONFIG_WRITE_FAILURE -> R.string.general_sync_message_folder_backup_issue
SyncError.ACTIVE_SYNC_SAME_PATH -> R.string.general_sync_active_sync_same_path
SyncError.COULD_NOT_MOVE_CLOUD_NODES -> R.string.general_sync_could_not_move_cloud_nodes
SyncError.COULD_NOT_CREATE_IGNORE_FILE -> R.string.general_sync_could_not_create_ignore_file
SyncError.SYNC_CONFIG_READ_FAILURE -> R.string.general_sync_config_read_failure
SyncError.UNKNOWN_DRIVE_PATH -> R.string.general_sync_unknown_drive_path
SyncError.INVALID_SCAN_INTERVAL -> R.string.general_sync_invalid_scan_interval
SyncError.NOTIFICATION_SYSTEM_UNAVAILABLE -> R.string.general_sync_notification_system_unavailable
SyncError.UNABLE_TO_ADD_WATCH -> R.string.general_sync_unable_to_add_watch
SyncError.INSUFFICIENT_DISK_SPACE -> R.string.general_sync_insufficient_disk_space
SyncError.UNABLE_TO_RETRIEVE_ROOT_FSID,
SyncError.FAILURE_ACCESSING_PERSISTENT_STORAGE,
-> R.string.general_sync_unable_to_retrieve_root_fsid
SyncError.UNABLE_TO_OPEN_DATABASE,
SyncError.MISMATCH_OF_ROOT_FSID,
SyncError.FILESYSTEM_FILE_IDS_ARE_UNSTABLE,
SyncError.FILESYSTEM_ID_UNAVAILABLE,
-> R.string.general_sync_message_folder_backup_issue
SyncError.REMOTE_NODE_MOVED_TO_RUBBISH,
SyncError.REMOTE_NODE_INSIDE_RUBBISH,
-> R.string.general_sync_message_node_in_rubbish_bin
SyncError.ACTIVE_SYNC_ABOVE_PATH,
SyncError.LOCAL_PATH_SYNC_COLLISION,
-> R.string.your_sha256_hashther_backed_up_folder
else -> R.string.general_sync_message_unknown_error
}
}
``` |
Eduard Päll (pseudonym Hugo Angervaks; 15 October 1903, Koosa, Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia – 13 June 1989 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician, linguist and writer.
1947–1950, he was the chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.
References
External links
Eduard Päll at Estonian Writers' Online Dictionary
1903 births
1989 deaths
People from Peipsiääre Parish
People from Kreis Dorpat
Members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia
Heads of state of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1947–1951
Second convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Third convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Linguists from Estonia
Estonian male writers
Academic staff of Tallinn University
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Burials at Metsakalmistu |
Ring finger protein 213 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF213 gene. RNF213 is a 591kDa cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase with RING finger and AAA+ ATPase domains.
Clinical relevance
Chromosome-wide linkage analysis found that moyamoya disease locus resides in chromosome 17q25. Genome-wide linkage analysis of 15 Japanese families of autosomal dominant moyamoya disease narrowed down the locus to 17q25.3. Direct sequencing of the region and whole-exome sequencing identified the p.Arg4810Lys mutation in RNF213 gene as a founder mutation of moyamoya disease. A genome-wide association study also identified RNF213 as a disease causing gene for Moyamoya disease. Comparative evolutionary genome sequencing analyses in humans and monkeys showed that the strongest evidence for acceleration along the branch leading to hominines was RNF213. RNF213 has been shown to be associated with blood flow and oxygen consumption. Given that oxygen and glucose consumption scales with total neuron number, RNF213 may have played a role in facilitating the evolution of larger brains in primates.
References
Further reading
RING finger proteins |
Snyder Township is a township in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,360 at the 2020 census.
General information
ZIP code: 16686
Area code: 814
Local telephone exchanges: 684, 686
Geography
Snyder Township occupies the entire northern end of Blair County; Cambria County is to the west, Clearfield County is to the northwest, Centre County is to the north, and Huntingdon County is to the east. The township completely surrounds the borough of Tyrone. The unincorporated communities of Grazierville (bordering the south side of Tyrone), Gray, Nealmont, Tyrone Forge, Ironville, Northwood (bordering the northeastern side of Tyrone), Vail, Olivia, and Bald Eagle are in the township, and Charlottsville is on the southern border.
The crest of Bald Eagle Mountain forms most of the eastern boundary of the township. The Little Juniata River breaks through the mountain ridge at Tyrone; south of the river, the ridge is known as Brush Mountain. Interstate 99/U.S. Route 220 runs along the northwestern slope of the ridge, with access to the township from exits 45, 48, and 52.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.11%, are water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,358 people, 1,348 households, and 974 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 1,430 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 99.17% White, 0.18% African American, 0.03% Native American, 0.15% Asian, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.18% of the population.
There were 1,348 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the township the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $33,818, and the median income for a family was $36,821. Males had a median income of $33,500 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,389. About 11.0% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.
Recreation
A portion of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 60 is located along the northern border of the township and Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 158 is located on the southwest end of the township.
References
Populated places established in 1770
Townships in Blair County, Pennsylvania
Townships in Pennsylvania
1770 establishments in Pennsylvania |
Oldenlandia corymbosa, commonly known as flat-top mille graines or diamond flower, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is an annual herb with ascending or erect stems which are 4-angled.
Gallery
References
External links
corymbosa |
Sphodromantis quinquecallosa is a species of praying mantis found in Africa.
See also
African mantis
List of mantis genera and species
References
quinquecallosa
Mantodea of Africa
Insects described in 1916 |
Vynohradiv (, , , ) is a city in western Ukraine, in Zakarpattia Oblast. It was the center of Vynohradiv Raion and since 2020 it has been incorporated into Berehove Raion. Population:
Names
There are multiple alternative names used for this city due to its location and history: , , (Syvlyush), (Syvlyush), (Vinogradov), (Vinahradaŭ), (Seylesh, Selish), (Veľká Sevljuš during Czechoslovak rule), , (hist. Sewlusz).
Geography
Location
The city lies near the river Tisza on the border with Romania. It is from Berehove.
History
It was first mentioned in 1262 by the name Zceuleus. Its Hungarian name, Nagyszőlős ("Great Vineyard"), stems from the area being an important wine district. The city was called Sevlush (the Rusyn transliteration of the Hungarian word szőlős, meaning vineyard.
The town was one of the oldest in Ugocsa county, and was inhabited by winemakers of the royal court. In 1329, Hungarian King Charles Robert granted privileges to the town, which became the seat of the Comitatus (the city held this rank until the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920).
In 1717, most of the citizens of the town were killed by an invading Tatar horde. By 1880, the population was about 4,400 (with 500 native Romanians). In 1881 a secondary school was opened.
In 1910 it had a population of 7,811 (5,943 or 76% Hungarians, 1,266 or 16% Ruthenians (Rusyns) and 540 or 7% Germans). The religious make-up was 3,311 Greek Catholics (42.5%), 2,237 Jews (28.6%) and 1,124 Calvinists (14.4%).
This city had a Jewish ghetto in 1944. At its height from May to June 1944, most of the Jews of this section of northern Transylvania were deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp to be gassed shortly after arrival. Jews from the area typically spent about two weeks in the ghetto before being deported. Conditions were extremely cramped with many families housed in a single room, a deliberate arrangement meant to cause suffering and disease.
In 1944, Carpathian Ruthenia was occupied by Soviet Union and eventually became part of it in 1946. The city name became Vinogradovo (Russian), Vynohradiv (Ukrainian), or Vynohradovo (Rusyn). All mean "Grape City."
A local newspaper is published here since December 1945.
Demographics
According to the 2001 census, the population included:
Ukrainians (82.13%)
Hungarians (13.54%)
Russians (3.82%)
Roma (0.6%)
Tourist sights
Ugocsa Castle "Kankó" (ruins; 13th century). It was first mentioned in 1308. In 1315 King Charles Robert attacked and destroyed it. In the 15th century the area was given to monks of the Franciscan order, they built a monastery there, which was inhabited until 1558. There is a small 14th century chapel south of the ruins.
Perényi Castle. It was built by the Perényi noble family from 1399, later rebuilt in baroque style into a mansion.
Franciscan church and monastery (built in 1744, rebuilt in 1889).
Our Lady's Church (13th century, rebuilt in the 15th century in Gothic style, restored in the early 20th century. Its furniture was destroyed after 1945. The Church got it back in 1989.
Franciscan monastery (founded in the 15th century). In 1556 local Protestants attacked the monastery, killed the monks and threw the body of St. John Capistrano into a well. The Perényi family invited monks of the order to the town again, but the monastery burnt down in 1747. Its current building was erected in 1889.
Protestant church (Neoclassical, 1828).
Old county hall (now the building of the Zsigmond Perényi Secondary School) and statue of Perényi (1906).
Notable people
In alphabetical order:
Composer Béla Bartók (born 1881) lived in the house opposite the mansion in 1889–92; his mother worked as a teacher. Bartók held his first recital here in the county hall.
Ethella Chupryk, pianist and assistant professor of piano at the Mykola Lysenko National Music Academy
József Csorba, doctor and physicist, was born here in 1789.
Gábor Döbrentei, philologist and antiquarian, was born here in 1786.
Mykhaylo Koman, footballer and coach of Dynamo Kyiv, was raised here.
János Majos (died 1810), Kuruc captain, was born here.
Edvin Marton, born Lajos Csűry in 1974, composer and violinist.
Endre Nagy, writer and stage director, was born here in 1877.
Eleanor Perenyi, American author, lived here in 1937–40 as the wife of a Hungarian nobleman.
Imre Révész, painter, was born here in 1859 and is buried in the local cemetery.
Economy
One of the biggest employers in Vynohradiv is the Gentherm.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Vynohradiv is twinned with:
Nyírbátor in Hungary
Fehérgyarmat in Hungary
Dynów in Poland
Vranov nad Topľou in Slovakia
Celadas in Spain
References
External links
Panoramio Maps
Wikimapia Maps
Gentherm
Cities in Zakarpattia Oblast
Cities of district significance in Ukraine
Holocaust locations in Ukraine |
The men's marathon event at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics took place on August 25, 2007 in the streets of Osaka, Japan. The weather conditions were difficult, with and 72% humidity at the start of the race. The temperature rose to towards the end of the race, and many competitors failed to finish the race.
Medallists
Abbreviations
All times shown are in hours:minutes:seconds
Records
Final ranking
Marathon World Cup
See also
2007 World Marathon Cup
References
Full results - IAAF.org
Event report - IAAF.org
Marathon
Marathons at the World Athletics Championships
World Championships
Men's marathons
Marathons in Japan |
Jean-Philippe Pearson (born 1970) is a Canadian actor and screenwriter. He is most noted as cowriter with Patrice Robitaille and Ricardo Trogi of the film Québec-Montréal (2002), for which they won the Jutra Award for Best Screenplay at the 5th Jutra Awards in 2003.
He was also a Genie Award nominee for Best Original Screenplay at the 23rd Genie Awards for Québec-Montréal, and Jutra Award winner for Best screenplay for Québec-Montréal and Oliver Award winner for best comedy 2005 Dodging the Clock ().
Filmography
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian screenwriters in French
French Quebecers
Male actors from Ottawa
Writers from Ottawa |
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Sentinel No. 7192 was a geared steam locomotive. It was built in 1934 by the Sentinel Waggon Works of Shrewsbury, maker's number 8805 on LMS Lot 111. It had an Abner Doble boiler combined with a 4-cylinder compound arrangement, but an order for an additional locomotive and three railcars to a similar was later cancelled. It was withdrawn in 1963 and scrapped.
References
0F
0-4-0T locomotives
Sentinel locomotives
Compound locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1934
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Individual locomotives of Great Britain
Shunting locomotives |
The Red Lake County Courthouse, located at 124 Langevin Avenue Red Lake Falls, Red Lake County in the U.S. state of Minnesota is a red brick Beaux Arts building featuring a small dome at each corner. Originally the building also had a large central dome, but it was removed in the 1940s. The courthouse was completed in 1911 at a cost of $37,070. The building was designed by Fremont D. Orff and James Brady. The front entrance of the courthouse is flanked by faux columns, topped by a classic pediment. The interior atrium is open to a two-story rotunda with arched openings to the second-level walkway.
References
Beaux-Arts architecture in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Red Lake County, Minnesota
County courthouses in Minnesota
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Government buildings completed in 1911
1911 establishments in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Red Lake County, Minnesota |
Ermita: A Filipino Novel is a novel by the known Filipino author F. Sionil Jose written in the English language. A chapter of this novel was previously published as a novella in the books titled Two Filipino Women and Three Filipino Women.
Characters
Rojo Family
Maria Ermita (Ermi) is the main character in the novel.
Conchita (Conching) is the mother of Ermi.
Felicitas (Fely) is the rich socialite aunt of Ermi.
Joselito is the businessman uncle of Ermi.
Servants
Arturo is the driver of the Rojos.
Orang is the wife of Arturo.
Macarthur is the son of Arturo. He is a close friend of Ermi.
Nanet is the daughter of Arturo.
Alejandra
Friends of Ermi
Rolando Cruz - Professor of History and a frequent customer of Camarin Bar and Restaurant.
Didi - Owner of Camarin Bar and Restaurant.
Ermi's Customers
The Great Man - Prime Minister of an Asian country.
Senator Andres Bravo
Businessman Eduardo Dantes
Others
Sister Constancia (Tancing) is the head of orphanage the took care and educated of the child Ermi.
General Bombilla - an honest man who became Marcos' man.
Anita - aging prostitute that Ermi saved from poverty.
Lily - daughter of Anita who became anti-Marcos
Scenes
F. Sionil José brings the reader to a story to a time in Philippine history before the declaration of Martial Law by Ferdinand Marcos during the 1950s. José also brings his readers to prewar and post-war Ermita, formerly the district of Manila's elite. The reader is also brought to the Philippines in the year 1941, a country that went through the experience of being attacked and occupied by the Empire of Japan, a nation that suffered the effects of World War II and of going through the regime of the Marcos government.
Reviews
Ermita: A Filipino Novel was one of the books reviewed by Ian Buruma for The New York Review of Books, and was one of the recommended Filipino-authored books to be reviewed under a reading and writing program of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, together with other works by José, together with other long narratives written by Filipino authors such as Nick Joaquin, Bienvenido Santos, Ninotchka Rosca, Edilberto Tiempo, Alfrredo Navarro Salanga, NVM Gonzales, Cecilia Manguerra Brainard, Alfred Yuson, Carlos Bulosan, Jessica Hagedorn, Peter Bacho, and Wilfredo Nolledo.
Translation
The novel was published in Korean, in 2007. It was translated from English to Korean by Boo Hee-ryung.
See also
Literature of the Philippines
Philippine English
Philippine literature in English
References
External links
Book cover of Ermita: A Filipino Novel by F. Sionil José at SelectBooks.com
1988 novels
Novels by F. Sionil José
Philippine English-language novels
Novels set in Manila
Fiction set in 1941 |
Behavioral strategy refers to the application of insights from psychology and behavioral economics to the research and practice of strategic management. In one definition of the field, "Behavioral strategy merges cognitive and social psychology with strategic management theory and practice. Behavioral strategy aims to bring realistic assumptions about human cognition, emotions, and social behavior to the strategic management of organizations and, thereby, to enrich strategy theory, empirical research, and real-world practice" (Powell, Lovallo & Fox, 2011: 1371).
Meaning
More specifically, behavioral strategy is as an approach to core issues in strategic management (e.g., CEO and top management team behaviors, entry decisions, competitive interaction, firm heterogeneity) with the following characteristics:
1) It is microfoundational (Felin, Foss, & Ployhardt, 2015) in the sense that a psychology-based understanding of the actions and interactions of individuals is used to explain strategy phenomena, often on a higher level of analysis;
2) all fields of psychology, as well as relevant parts of behavioral economics and sociology, are seen as potentially applicable to, in principle, any strategic management phenomenon;
3) assumptions about behaviors and interactions are to be based in evidence (e.g., brought about by means of experiments) rather than the extent to which these allow for mathematical tractability, are "elegant" or similar.
In terms of methods, behavioral strategy follows strategy research in general by being pluralist, such that qualitative research, lab and field experiments, and agent based modelling, in addition to conventional quantitative and formal methods are all acceptable. However, because of its heavy psychology-emphasis behavioral strategy research may be more disposed towards experiments than most other streams of strategy research.
Study lines
Behavioural finance integrates psychological research that describes how people behave in real life and applies it to finance. Two significant study lines have resulted as a result of this:
The first is about how investor behavior may differ from the textbook definition of an efficient rational investor. The other is how investors who aren't completely rational can cause market prices to vary from their underlying values.
The first strand of research examines how investors act in order to determine how investing strategies should meet their desires. The second strand of research examines how investor behavior may influence market functioning; It's used to determine whether active investment managers will find it simpler to outperform (short answer is "no").
In 2002, a professor of psychology, Daniel Kahneman, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics (who won it jointly with Vernon Smith) in recognition of the contribution that behavioral analysis is now making in financial economics. This research arose from a series of experiments that yielded significant findings about the biases that influence how people make decisions and create preferences.
Giving investing advice requires a thorough grasp of investor preferences, and understanding investor biases is crucial for predicting how investors will react to specific events or developments. If biases are flaws that could harm an investor's interests, investing advisers should avoid catering to them. This, for example, implies a need for investor education. Investors and their advisers, should be aware of these biases because they will influence how they react to a variety of predicted market movements.
Development
The use of psychology insights to further research in the behavior and performance of firms has a long history, including research on the behavioral theory of the firm (Cyert & March, 1963; Gavetti, Levinthal, and Ocasio, 2007), aspirations (Greve, 1998), attention (Ocasio, 1997), emotions (Nickerson & Zenger, 2008), goals (Lindenberg & Foss, 2011), cognitive schema, maps, sensemaking, and cognitive rivalry (Porac and Thomas, 1990; Reger and Huff, 1993; Lant and Baum, 1995; Weick, 1995), routines (Cyert & March, 1963), decision theory (Kahneman and Lovallo, 1993), escalation (Staw and Cummings, 1981), motivation, (Foss & Weber, 2016), hubris (Bollaert and Petit, 2010), and top management teams (Hambrick and Mason, 1984), dominant logic (Prahalad & Bettis, 1986), competitive interaction (Chen, Smith & Grimm, 1992), and learning (Levinthal and March, 1993). (The Behavioral Strategy site https://www.behavioralstrategywiki.org/ organizes behavioral strategy papers by juxtaposing concepts (e.g., fairness, emotions, trust, etc.) and phenomena (e.g., global strategy, incentives, CSR, etc.)).
However, the first explicit use of the term "behavioral strategy" in a journal seems to be in Lovallo and Sibony (2010), which links the term to the behavioral economics literature and the underlying heuristics and biases literature. While Lovallo and Sibony (2010) is a contribution to a practitioner journal, Powell, Lovallo and Fox (2011) edited a special issue on "Psychological Foundations of Strategic Management" of the premier strategy journal, the Strategic Management Journal. Retrospectively, this may be seen as the key event in launching behavioral strategy as a coherent, institutionalized research effort rather than a multitude of relatively unconnected research streams.
In their editorial essay Powell et al. outline three reasons why there is a need for a concerted research effort in behavioral strategy, namely that strategy has been too slow to incorporate relevant results from psychology, lacks adequate psychological grounding (e.g., heterogeneity is assumed and not explained in terms of reasoning and decision-processes), but recent developments (e.g., cognitive neuroscience developments which make it possible to link strategic decision-making and brain activity) have paved the way for a closer and more coherent integration of the cognitive sciences and strategy.
In an article published the year after the Powell et al. article Rindova, Reger, and Dalpiaz (2012) refer to a "'sociocognitive' perspective" in strategy which, "while varied in its theoretical framings, focuses on the roles of managers' and observers' attention; the bounded rationality of their cognitions, intuitions, and emotions; and the use of biases and heuristics to socially construct "perceptual answers" to traditional strategic management questions about how firms obtain and sustain competitive advantage."
Representation in scholarly associations
In terms of institutionalization provided by professional and scholarly associations, behavioral strategy research has historically been represented in context of divisions and interest groups of the Academy of Management such as "Managerial and Organizational Cognition", "Business Policy and Strategy" (now "Strategic Management") and "Technology and Innovation Management" . In 2013, the "Behavioral Strategy Interest Group" was in the context of the Strategic Management Society.
Defining the field of behavioral strategy
The increasing interest in behavioral strategy has motivated a number of recent attempts to define the field (Powell et al., 2011; Rindova et al., 2012; Hambrick and Crossland, 2019) as well as surveys of theorizing that is either part of behavioral or very closely related, such as surveys of the behavioral theory of the firm (Gavetti, Levinthal, Greve, & Ocasio, 2012) or problemistic search (Posen et al., 2018). For example, Hambrick and Crossland adopt an imagery of alternatively sized tents of behavioral strategy. In the small tent conception, behavioral strategy is "a direct transposition of the logic of behavioral economics (and behavioral finance) to the field of strategic management," whereas in the middle-size conception it is "a commitment to understanding the psychology of strategists," and in the large tent conception it behavioral strategy is basically "all forms and styles of research that consider any psychological, social, or political ingredients in strategic management" (Hambrick and Crossland, 2019).
See also
References
Bollaert, Helen & Petit, Valérie. 2010. Beyond the dark side of executive psychology: Current research and new directions. European Management Journal. 28(5): 362–376.
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Impeachment is the procedure in which a legislative body, like the United States Congress, can punish or remove government officials from their positions. This is a way for the legislative branch to check and balance the executive and judicial branches and police itself as well. As of December 2019, there have been 66 federal judges or Supreme Court Justices investigated for impeachment. Usually, misbehavior is brought to the attention of a legislator, who may call upon the United States House Committee on the Judiciary to investigate. After a review of its findings, the Committee acts as a sheriff or prosecutor and may bring charges against the individual, in which case, the entire House takes on the role of jury and votes as to their guilt or innocence of "high crimes and misdemeanors". If a majority of the members of the United States House of Representatives vote to impeach, the impeachment is referred to the United States Senate for an impeachment trial. A conviction requires a two-thirds vote in the Senate. The individual may or may not then stand trial in a criminal court as well, before a jury of his peers. Often the two procedures occur together. In the criminal trial he may be punished with fines and/or incarceration.
For a period of nearly 40 years after World War II, the impeachment clause of the United States Constitution was considered moribund. A number of federal judges were targeted for primarily ideological reasons or that of personal malice by U.S. Representatives and these were always "filed away" by the House Judiciary Committee with no further action. Only the frivolous attempts to impeach Justice William O. Douglas and a scandal in Oklahoma made it to the hearing stage. What might have become serious impeachment proceedings, those against Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas and Appeals Court Judge Otto Kerner, was followed by the target's immediate resignation before any formal proceedings could actually begin. The Judicial Councils Reform and Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980 empowered the Judicial Conference of the United States to investigate and police the judiciary and, if need be, request that the House of Representatives impeach federal judges. Judicial councils are established in each circuit and investigate complaints and may certify the disability of judges or refer complaints to the Judicial Conference. Most judicial impeachments since then have been based on these requests.
18th century
George Turner
On May 10, 1796, the House received a report from the Attorney General on the conduct of George Turner a judge in the Northwest Territory, which included demands for bribes, and the wanton levy of fines without trial. The report was referred to a select committee for further action. On February 16, 1797, Judge Turner requested that a hearing on any potential charges be conducted while he was in town. His request was not granted. Then on February 27, Representative Theophilus Bradbury of Massachusetts submitted the select committee report and a resolution recommending a hearing be held in the Northwest Territory.
This resolution was tabled by the House. However Judge Turner resigned just a few months later.
19th century
John Pickering
On February 4, 1803, the House received a report from President Jefferson regarding the conduct of Judge John Pickering of the District of New Hampshire. A select committee was appointed to investigate the matter and submitted its report to the House on February 18. On March 2, the House passed a resolution impeaching Judge Pickering. On October 20, the House appointed a select committee to draft articles of impeachment. The select committee submitted four articles of impeachment to the House on December 27, and on December 30, articles were formally adopted. The Senate began the impeachment trial against Judge Pickering on January 4, 1804.
On March 12, 1804, the Senate convicted Judge Pickering on all four articles and removed him from office.
Samuel Chase – United States Supreme Court
On January 5, 1804, a resolution was introduced appointing a select committee to investigate U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Samuel Chase. The resolution was approved on January 7, 1804. The select committee recommended impeachment in a report submitted to the House on March 6, 1804. On March 13, 1804, the report was approved and a select committee was appointed to draft the impeachment articles.
The House adopted the select committee's eight articles on March 26, 1804, one of which involved Chase's handling of the trial of John Fries. Two more focused on his conduct in the political libel trial of James Callender. Four articles focused on procedural errors made during Chase's adjudication of various matters, and an eighth was directed to his "intemperate and inflammatory (…) peculiarly indecent and unbecoming (…) highly unwarrantable (…) highly indecent" remarks while "charging" or authorizing a Baltimore grand jury. The Democratic-Republican-controlled United States Senate began the impeachment trial of Chase in early 1805, with Vice President Aaron Burr presiding.
All the counts involved Chase's work as a trial judge in lower circuit courts. In that era, Supreme Court justices had the added duty of serving as individuals on circuit courts, a practice that was ended in the late 19th century. The heart of the allegations was that political bias had led Chase to treat defendants and their counsel in a blatantly unfair manner. Chase's defense lawyers called the prosecution a political effort by his Democratic-Republican enemies. In answer to the articles of impeachment, Chase argued that all of his actions had been motivated by adherence to precedent, judicial duty to restrain advocates from improper statements of law, and considerations of judicial efficiency.
The Senate voted to acquit Chase of all charges on March 1, 1805. He returned to his duties on the court. He is the only U.S. Supreme Court Justice to have been impeached.
The acquittal of Chase – by lopsided margins on several of the counts – is believed to have helped ensure that an independent federal judiciary would survive partisan challenge. As Chief Justice William Rehnquist noted in his book, Grand Inquests, some people expressed opinions at the time of Chase's trial that the Senate had absolute latitude in convicting a jurist it found unfit, but the acquittal set an unofficial precedent that judges would not be impeached based on their performance on the bench. All judges impeached since Chase have been accused of outright criminality.
Richard Peters
On January 6, 1804, Judge Peters of the District of Pennsylvania was added, by amendment, to a resolution calling for the investigation of Justice Chase. The resolution was adopted on January 7, 1804. The select committee appointed to conduct the investigation submitted its report to the House on March 6, 1804.
The select committee report, exonerating Judge Peters of any wrongdoing, was adopted by the House on March 12.
Harry Innes
On March 21, 1808, a resolution to investigate Harry Innes of the District of Kentucky was introduced to the United States House of Representatives. The resolution was tabled. On March 31, 1808, they tried again and it was adopted by the House.
A select committee was appointed to conduct the investigation, and it submitted a report, absolving the Judge of all wrongdoing, to the House on April 19, 1808.
Peter Bruin
On April 9, 1808, At the request of the territorial legislature, Mississippi delegate George Poindexter introduced a resolution calling for the appointment of a special committee to prepare articles of impeachment against Presiding Judge Peter Bruin of the Mississippi Territory. The resolution was tabled. On April 18, the resolution was reconsidered and a special committee, chaired by Poindexter, was appointed to investigate the Judge., who was charged with "neglect of duty and drunkenness on the bench."
Bruin resigned on October 12, 1808, as a consequence of the investigation. The House terminated impeachment proceedings, and Bruin died in 1827.
Harry Toulmin
On December 19, 1811, as a result of an accusatory letter from Judge Harry Toulmin's district (the Washington District of the Mississippi Territory), a resolution was introduced to investigate the judge's conduct. The resolution was tabled. On December 21, 1811, the resolution was withdrawn, and the original accusatory letter of December 16, 1811, was referred to a select committee for further inquiry.
On January 14, 1812, an attempt to disband the investigating select committee was voted down. The select committee submitted a report absolving Judge Toulmin on May 22, 1812. The report was adopted by the House. Then on January 2, 1817, another letter was read before the House outlining charges of misconduct against Judge Toulmin. The letter was referred to the Judiciary Committee for further investigation.
On February 27, 1817, the Judiciary Committee issued a report finding no evidence to support impeachment. The report was adopted by the House, and the Judiciary Committee was disbanded.
Van Ness and Tallmadge
On April 10, 1818, a resolution was introduced requesting that a special committee be appointed to investigate Judges William P. Van Ness and Matthias B. Tallmadge of the Southern District of New York. The resolution was adopted by the House. Both had been charged with not doing any work. Talmage, claimed that he had so much paperwork left over by his predecessor that he had no time to do anything else, and that his health was so delicate that he needed a long vacation.
On February 17, 1819, the special committee submitted a report to the House recommending no action be taken against either Judge.
William Stephens
On April 10, 1818, a special committee was appointed to investigate William Stephens of the District of Georgia.
Judge Stevens resigned during the House investigation, and on November 24, the special committee was disbanded.
Charles Tait – Circuit Court, Alabama
On March 6, 1822, a complaint against Charles Tait of the District of Alabama was received by the House and referred to the Judiciary Committee. A second complaint was presented on December 27. Mr. Moore then proposed a resolution referring the complaint to the Judiciary Committee for further action. Id. at 465. The resolution was adopted. Id. at 468. On January 28, 1823, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report exonerating Judge Tait. No action was taken before the end of the Congressional Session.
On January 26, 1824, the House received another complaint against Judge Tait. This complaint was tabled.
Joseph L. Smith – Supreme Court, Territory of Florida
On February 3, 1825, Richard K. Call, Delegate from Florida introduced a resolution calling for the Judiciary Committee to investigate Judge Joseph Lee Smith of the Florida Territory's Supreme Court on the charge that he took bribes and kickbacks. The resolution was adopted.
The investigation went on for years, with the last reference to it being in 1830.
Buckner Thruston – Circuit Court, DC
Circuit Court Judge John Ness sent a memorial to Congress complaining of D.C. Circuit Court Judge Buckner Thruston's official conduct. The memorial was referred to the Judiciary Committee for investigation. On February 28, 1825, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report to the House.
The report recommended no action be taken against the Judge.
On January 30, 1837, William Brent and Richard Coxe sent another memorial to Congress requesting an investigation of Judge Thruston, who was reputed to be a nasty individual and bad judge. The memorial was referred to the Judiciary Committee. On March 3, 1837, the Judiciary Committee submitted its final report to the House. The report contained witness testimony, but no recommendation for or against impeachment.
No other record regarding the disposition of this report has been found in primary or secondary sources. Presumably, no action was taken before the end of the congressional session.
Alfred Conkling – Northern District of New York
Martha Bradstreet sent a petition to Congress requesting an investigation of Judge Conkling. The petition was referred to the Judiciary Committee to conduct the investigation. On April 3, 1830, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report to the House.
The report recommended no action be taken against Judge Conkling.
A second set of complaints from citizens of New York was submitted to Congress and referred to the Judiciary Committee for investigation. On March 3, 1841, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report to the House.
The report recommended no action be taken against Judge Conkling.
On August 8, 1848, a third memorial requesting an investigation was sent to Congress by Anson Little. The memorial was presented to the House on January 3, 1849, and referred to the Judiciary Committee for further investigation. On February 13, 1849, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report to the House, The report recommended a full investigation of Judge Conkling, who among other things had presided over a lawsuit he had instigated against another party, be conducted by the next Congress.
No action was taken by the next Congress.
James H. Peck – District of Missouri
On March 23, 1830, Mr. Buchanon presented a report from the Judiciary Committee recommending that Judge Peck be impeached. On April 21, 1830, debate on the Judiciary Committee report began in the House. Id. at 810. An impeachment resolution was adopted on April 24, 1830.
On April 24, 1830, a select committee was formed to draft the articles of impeachment Five days later, the select committee submitted impeachment articles to the House. On May 1, 1830, the House voted to adopt the articles as presented. That same day, five managers were appointed to prosecute the impeachment before the Senate. On December 13, 1830, the Senate began the impeachment trial.
The trial continued through January 31, 1831, when the Senate voted to acquit Judge Peck.
Benjamin Johnson – Arkansas Territory Superior Court
William Cummins sent a memorial to Congress requesting an investigation of Judge Johnson. The memorial was referred to the Judiciary Committee for further action. On February 8, 1833, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report to the House: The report found no evidence to support impeachment. The Judiciary Committee also concluded that a territorial judge was not a civil officer subject to impeachment. The Judiciary Committee then recommended no further action be taken against Judge Johnson.
Philip K. Lawrence – Eastern District of Louisiana
On January 8, 1839, the House received a petition from Duncan Hennan requesting an investigation of Judge Lawrence. The petition was referred to a select committee for further action. On February 11, the select committee submitted its report, The report recommended Judge Lawrence be impeached.
No action was taken, and the Judge remained on the bench until he died in 1841.
John C. Watrous – District of Texas
On Feb. 13, 1851, a memo requesting an investigation of Judge Watrous was presented to Congress. The memo, which accused the judge of appearing before himself in court among other things, was referred to the Judiciary Committee. On March 3, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report to the House, which recommended the Judiciary Committee be discharged from further consideration because insufficient time remained in the Congressional Session to complete the investigation. A second memo containing charges against Judge Watrous was sent to the House and referred to the Judiciary Committee. On February 28, 1853, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report to the House. The report recommended impeaching the Judge, but it didn't happen.
Another investigation of Judge Watrous was conducted in the 34th Congress. On February 9, 1857, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report recommending Judge Watrous be impeached. However, no further action was taken until January 15, 1858, when a resolution was introduced allowing the Judiciary Committee to further investigate the matter by calling witnesses. The resolution was adopted by the House.
On December 9, 1858, the Judiciary Committee submitted two reports to the House. The majority report recommended Judge Watrous be impeached. The minority, however, found insufficient evidence to warrant impeachment. On December 15, 1858, by a vote of 111 to 97 refused to impeach, finding insufficient evidence to justify the action. This was one of the very few times that the Full House has refused to impeach a Judge after the House Judiciary Committee has recommended a trial in the Senate.
They tried again in 1860, and again the House Judiciary Committee voted out articles of impeachment. However, Texas had seceded from the Union by this time, and in any case the House never got around to it by the time it expired on March 4, 1861.
Thomas Irwin – Western District of Pennsylvania
During the 35th Congress, 2nd Session, the Judiciary Committee conducted an investigation of Judge Irwin. On January 13, 1859, a resolution authorizing witnesses to be called was adopted by the House.
On January 28, the Judiciary Committee informed the House that Judge Irwin had resigned, and the House voted to discharge the Judiciary Committee from further investigation.
West H. Humphreys – Eastern, Middle and Western Districts of Tennessee
On March 4, 1862, Rep. Bingham introduced a report from the Judiciary Committee recommending impeachment of Judge Humphreys (D), for publicly calling for secession, giving aid to an armed rebellion, conspiring with Jefferson Davis, serving as a Confederate judge, confiscating the property of Military Governor Andrew Johnson and U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Catron, and imprisoning a Union sympathizer with "intent to injure him. The report was recommitted to the Judiciary Committee. On May 6, 1862, the report was resubmitted to the House. This time the House adopted the committee report and impeached the Judge. On May 14, 1862, the House appointed a select committee to draft the articles of impeachment, and on May 19 the articles were adopted.
The Senate began the impeachment trial on June 26, 1862, and later that day voted to convict and remove Judge Humphreys from office.
Mark W. Delahay – District of Kansas
An impeachment investigation was conducted by a subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee into judge Mark W. Delahy regarding conduct that included drunken behavior both on the bench and off the bench. Afterwards, on n February 28, 1873, Benjamin Butler of Massachusetts introduced a resolution to impeach Judge Delahay, citing his "improper personal habits." The resolution was immediately adopted by the House. On March 3, 1873, the Senate announced it was ready to receive the articles of impeachment. The special committee appointed to present the impeachment charges against the Judge then reported to the Senate and announced specific articles of impeachment would follow. Articles of impeachment were written, however they were not adopted and no trial was ever held, as the judge resigned after the House began impeachment proceedings.
Charles T. Sherman – Northern District of Ohio
On February 22, 1873, Rep. Roberts introduced a resolution to investigate Judge Sherman (R). The resolution was adopted and referred to the Judiciary Committee. and on March 3, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report recommending further investigation of him in the next Congress, and asking to be discharged from further consideration of the matter.
Rep. Potter attempted to persuade the House to consider an impeachment resolution instead of the committee report, but his attempt failed.
Richard Busteed – District of Alabama
On December 15, 1873, Mr. E. R. Hoar introduced a resolution to investigate Judge Busteed's conduct. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. 1 On December 17, 1873, the House passed a resolution granting subpoena power to the Judiciary Committee. On June 20, 1874, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report and resolutions for impeachment to the House. No action was taken before the end of the congressional session. Busteed resigned before the full House could vote on the recommendation. Representatives Butler and Wilson emphasized the revived (previously settled by Blount in 1799) but still-minority position that resignation was no bar to later impeachment, yet voted with the rest of the committee to terminate proceedings. On January 7, 1875, sometime after Judge Busteed's resignation, the House Judiciary Committee introduced a resolution calling for the Judge's impeachment.
The resolution did not pass. However, in the next (44th) Congress, a majority of House voted to impeach Belknap despite his having resigned.
Edward Durell – District of Louisiana
On December 17, 1873, Mr. Wilson introduced a resolution to investigate Judge Durell. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee.
On January 7, 1875, following Judge Durell's resignation, Mr. Wilson made a motion to table the resolution and relieve the Judiciary Committee of its investigation. His motion carried.
William F. Story – Western District of Arkansas
On February 26, 1874, Rep. James G. Blaine introduced charges against William F. Story (R). These charges were referred to the Judiciary Committee, prompting Judge Story to resign.
The case was never heard of again.
Henry W. Blodgett – Northern District of West Virginia
On January 7, 1879, Rep. Harrison offered a resolution to investigate Judge Blodgett.). The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee.
On March 3, 1879, the Judiciary Committee reported back to the House, recommending no impeachment proceedings against Judge Blodgett. A resolution to table actions against the Judge was introduced and adopted by the House.
Samuel B. Axtell – New Mexico Territory Supreme Court
Samuel Axtell (D) was alleged to be the most corrupt politician in the Old West, appointed in 1882.
Chief Judge Axtell resigned in May 1885.
Alexander "Aleck" Boarman – Western District of Louisiana
On April 1, 1890, Rep. William C. Oates of Alabama introduced a resolution to impeach Judge Boarman was sent to the Judiciary Committee. No primary record of this resolution could be found. However, on February 17, 1891, the Judiciary Committee referred to this initial resolution when it introduced an impeachment resolution against the Judge. The House printed and recommitted the resolution to the Judiciary Committee. Two days later, the Judiciary Committee reintroduced a resolution to impeach Judge Boarman. The House agreed to consider the resolution on February 20 at 2:00 p.m. No such action was taken. So, on the 28th, the resolution was again called up for consideration. The vote on the resolution was postponed until the evening session of the House. Again, the intended action did not occur.
On January 30, 1892, the old impeachment resolution was tabled and a new resolution calling for further investigation of Judge Boarman was adopted and referred to the Judiciary Committee. The Judiciary Committee reported back to the House on June 1.
A resolution was passed discharging the Judiciary Committee from further action against the Judge, and the committee report and accompanying evidence was tabled.
James G. Jenkins – Seventh Circuit
On February 5, 1894, Mr. McGann introduced a resolution to investigate Judge Jenkins. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. 26 Cong. Rec. 1922 (1894). On March 2, 1894, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report recommending an investigation of the Judge. Id. at 2533–34. On March 6, 1894, Mr. Boatner introduced a resolution to adopt the committee report and to begin the investigation. The resolution was adopted by the House. Id. at 2629. On June 8, 1894, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report of the investigation to the House. The report was referred to the House Calendar. Id. at 5994
No other record regarding the disposition of this report has been found in primary or secondary sources. Presumably, no action was taken before the end of the congressional session.
Augustus Ricks – Northern District of Ohio
The Central Labor Union of Cleveland, Ohio, sent a memorial to Congress charging Judge Ricks (R) with professional misconduct. The memorial was referred to the Judiciary Committee for a preliminary investigation of the charges. On August 8, 1894, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report recommending a full investigation of Judge Ricks be conducted. No other record regarding the disposition of this report has been found in primary or secondary sources. Presumably, no action was taken before the end of the congressional session. On January 7, 1895, Mr. Johnson offered another resolution calling for an investigation into charges against Judge Ricks. The resolution was adopted and referred to the Judiciary Committee.
The Judiciary Committee recommended impeachment and reported its findings to the House on January 25, 1895. The committee report was referred to the House calendar and ordered printed.
Incomplete information
These were in the files of the House Judiciary Committee:
James B. McPherson and James B. Holland Judges, Circuit Court, District of Pennsylvania
E.S. Farrington Judge, District Court, Nevada
A.S. Moore Judge of 2d Division, District Court of Alaska
Ferdinand A. Geiger Judge, District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin
20th century
Charles H. Swayne – Northern District of Florida
On December 10, 1903, Lamar presented a memorial from the Florida Legislature requesting an investigation of Judge Charles Swayne. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee.
Swayne was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 13, 1904. He was accused of filing false travel vouchers, improper use of private railroad cars, unlawfully imprisoning two attorneys for contempt, and living outside of his district. Swayne's trial consumed two-and-a-half months before it ended on February 27, 1905, when the Senate voted acquittal on each of the twelve articles. There was little doubt that Swayne was guilty of some of the offenses charged against him. Indeed, his counsel admitted as much, though calling the lapses "inadvertent."
It was during the long Swayne trial that the suggestion first surfaced that a Senate committee, rather than the Senate as a whole, should receive impeachment evidence. Senator George F. Hoar of Massachusetts proposed that the presiding officer should appoint such a committee. Hoar's proposal would eventually be embodied in Rule XI of the Senate's impeachment rules. In 1905 the resolution was referred to the Rules Committee, which took no action.
The Senate refused to convict Swayne because its members did not believe his peccadilloes amounted to "high crimes and misdemeanors". Swayne thereafter continued serving on the court until his death, in 1907.
Lebbeus R. Wilfley – U.S. Court for China
In 1906, the U.S. Congress established a special court for the "district of China", based in the Shanghai International Settlement which had vice-regal powers of arrest and imprisonment. With only one judge, the former Attorney General of the Philippines, and no obligation to follow the strictures of the constitution or local law, there were many complaints by American expatriates, especially one by Lorrin A. Thurston, former Attorney General of the Territory of Hawaii, who charged that Judge Wilfley had voided a will by a person leaving some of his money to the Catholic Church because of his prejudice against it. On February 20, 1908, Representative George E. Waldo introduced articles of impeachment against Wilfley and the resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. Leaving the court in chaos, Wilfley traveled halfway around the world to attend the hearings in Washington, D.C.
On May 8, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, H.R. Rep. No. 60-1626, to the House recommending against impeachment, but by the time Wilfley got back to Shanghai, the situation was so poisoned, he resigned and returned to the U.S. for good.
Cornelius H. Hanford – U.S. Circuit Judge, Western District of Washington
On June 7, 1912, Berger introduced a resolution to investigate Judge Cornelius H. Hanford. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee.
Hanford resigned and the investigation ceased.
Robert W. Archbald – Third Circuit, Commerce Court
On 13 July 1912, Judge Archibald was impeached by the House of Representatives on 13 Articles by a vote of 223 to 1. Articles I, II, III and VI alleged that Archbald had entered into agreements with litigants at a substantial benefit to himself. Article IV alleged wrongful communication with litigants. Articles V, VII, VIII, IX and X alleged that he had improperly solicited and accepted gifts from litigants. Article XI alleged he had improperly solicited and accepted gifts from attorneys. Article XII alleged he allowed corrupt practices during jury selection. Article XIII alleged a general charge of bringing the Judiciary into disrepute. The offenses alleged in Articles I through XI were connected with holidays in Europe and other gifts received from coal mine workers and railroad officials.
On 16 July, the United States Senate began Archbald's trial. The Senate convicted him of five of the thirteen Articles on 13 January 1913. The Senate then voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from further office by a vote of 39 to 35.
The exact division on each Article is as follows:
Archbald was convicted on Articles I, III, IV, V and XIII and was accordingly removed from office. Article II gained a majority of votes, but not the two thirds necessary under the U.S. Constitution for conviction.
Emory Speer – Southern District of Georgia
On August 26, 1913, Rep. Clayton offered a resolution, H.R. Res. 234, to investigate Judge Speer. The resolution was referred to the Rules Committee. Id. at 3795. However, following an objection from the floor, the resolution was held over for consideration until August 27, 1913, at which time it was amended and adopted A Select Subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee conducted the investigation. On October 2, 1914, after reviewing the Subcommittee's findings, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, to the House. The report was referred to the House Calendar.
The report, which recommended no further action be taken against Judge Speer, was considered and agreed to by the House on October 21.
Daniel Thew Wright – Supreme Court of the District of Columbia
On March 21, 1914, Mr. Park introduced an impeachment resolution, H.R. Res. 446, against Judge Wright. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. On April 10, 1914, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, to the House. The report recommended further investigation and authorized the Judiciary Committee to use Subcommittees as needed. The report was adopted and referred to the Judiciary Committee for further action.
On March 3, 1915, the House agreed with the Judiciary Committee's final report recommending no further action, and discharged the Judiciary Committee from any further investigation of Judge Wright.
Alston G. Dayton – Northern District of West Virginia
On May 11, 1914, Mr. Neely introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 512, calling for the investigation of Judge Dayton. The resolution was sent to the Rules Committee. On June 12, 1914, after no further action was taken, Mr. Neely introduced a second resolution, H.R. Res. 541, to investigate impeachment charges against the Judge. This resolution was also sent to the Judiciary Committee. On February 9, 1915, the report, of a Select Subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee was considered by the House. The House followed the report's recommendation and adopted a resolution authorizing the Judiciary Committee to investigate the Judge. The Judiciary Committee then submitted its report, to the House on March 3, 1915.
The report, recommending no further action against Judge Dayton, was adopted.
Kenesaw Mountain Landis – Northern District of Illinois
In 1920 Judge Landis left the bench to become Commissioner of Baseball, but neglected to resign and continued to receive his salary, which offended many people. On February 2, 1921, Mr. Welty introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 665, to investigate the conduct of Judge Landis. The resolution was referred to the Rules Committee. On February 14, 1921, Mr. Welty introduced actual impeachment charges against Judge Landis. These charges were referred to the House Judiciary Committee for investigation.
On March 2, 1921, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, to the House, and it was referred to the House Calendar. The report recommended a complete investigation be undertaken by the 67th Congress. No action was taken before the end of the Congressional Session. However, on October 17, 1921, Judge Landis was condemned for his actions in a letter from the American Bar Association.
This condemnation letter was referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee.
William E. Baker – Northern District of West Virginia
On May 22, 1924, a resolution, H.R. Res. 325, to investigate Judge Baker was introduced. Some time earlier the Judiciary Committee had received information concerning misconduct by Judge Baker, and appointed a Subcommittee to review the material. After this review, the Subcommittee recommended a full-scale investigation. The resolution was adopted by the House and referred to the Judiciary Committee for further action. A Select Subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee was given charge of the investigation. (There is record of the Select Subcommittee obtaining funding for a stenographer on June 7, 1924.) The final Judiciary Committee report, recommended against impeaching Judge Baker. The report by Mr. Dwyer was referred to the House Calendar on February 10, 1925.
No action was taken before the end of the congressional session.
George W. English – Eastern District of Illinois
On January 13, 1925, Mr. Hawes introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 402, requesting the Judiciary Committee conduct an investigation of Judge English. The resolution was referred to the Rules Committee. Then on February 3, 1925, Mr. Snell made a motion to refer House Resolution 402 from the Rules Committee to the Judiciary Committee. The motion carried.
On February 10, 1925, Mr. Graham introduced a joint resolution, H.R.J. Res. 347, calling for an investigation of Judge English. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. The resolution was signed by the President on March 4, 1925. A special committee, consisting of members of the House Judiciary Committee, was then appointed to conduct the investigation. On December 19, 1925, the special committee submitted its report. The report was subsequently referred to the Judiciary Committee, which continued the investigation. Judge English testified before the Judiciary Committee on January 12, 1926.
On March 25, 1926, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report, H.R. Rep. No. 69-653, and articles of impeachment against Judge English. The next day a minority report was printed in the record. On March 30, 1926, the House began debate on the articles of impeachment. On April 1, 1926, the articles of impeachment were adopted. The Senate considered the articles of impeachment on April 23, 1926, and the impeachment trial began with Judge English's answer to the articles on May 3, 1926. House managers then requested time to prepare a response to Judge English. On March 5, 1926, the Senate set November 10 as the date for the trial to resume.
On December 11, 1926, the House took note of Judge English's resignation and requested the Senate drop the impeachment proceedings. The Senate accepted the House recommendation and ended the proceedings on December 13, 1926
John T. Rogers of St. Louis Post-Dispatch won the 1927 Pulitzer Prize for Reporting with his coverage of the inquiry leading to English's impeachment.
Frank Cooper – Northern District of New York
On January 28, 1927, Congressman Fiorello H. La Guardia brought impeachment charges against Judge Cooper. The charges were referred to the Judiciary Committee for investigation. On March 2, 1927, the Judiciary Committee submitted its report, H.R. Rep. No. 69-2299, recommending no impeachment action be taken against the Judge.
This report was referred to the House Calendar, and the next day a resolution, H.R. Res. 450, adopting the committee report and recommending no impeachment action be taken against the Judge, was passed by the House.
Grover Moscowitz – U.S. District Judge, Eastern District of New York
On March 4, 1929, a joint resolution, H.R.J. Res. 431, calling for the investigation of Judge Moscowitz was signed by the President. 70 Cong. Rec. 5227 (1929). The resolution created a Select Subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee to conduct the investigation. Id. at 4839. Following this investigation, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, H.R. Rep. No. 70-1106, to the House criticizing Judge Moscowitz, but refused to recommend impeachment.
No action was taken before the end of the congressional session.
Francis A. Winslow – Southern District of New York
On April 15, 1929, Congressman Fiorello H. La Guardia introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 12, to investigate Judge Winslow. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. On December 20, 1929, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, H.R. Rep. No. 71–84, recommending the investigation cease due to Judge Winslow's resignation.
A resolution, H.R. Res. 110, adopting the committee's report recommending the investigation cease due to Judge Winslow's resignation was passed by the House.
Harry Anderson – Western District of Tennessee
On March 12, 1930, La Guardia introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 184, requesting that the Attorney General send the Judiciary Committee any available information on Judge Anderson's conduct. The resolution was sent to the Judiciary Committee. On June 2, 1930, a resolution from the Judiciary Committee, H.R. Res. 191, was introduced. The resolution called for a special committee, consisting of five members of the House Judiciary Committee, to be appointed to inquire into Judge Anderson's conduct. The resolution was referred to the "Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union" and agreed to by the House on June 13, 1930.
On February 18, 1931, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, H.R. Rep. No. 71-2714, of their findings, and introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 362, stating insufficient grounds existed for impeachment. The resolution was adopted.
Harold Louderback – Northern District of California
On May 26, 1932, Congressman Fiorello H. La Guardia introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 239, requesting a special committee be appointed to investigate Judge Louderback. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee for further action. On May 31, 1932, the Judiciary Committee reported the resolution back to the House without amendment. Id. at 11,700. The resolution was adopted on June 9, 1932.
A special committee was appointed to conduct the investigation and report its findings to the Judiciary Committee. On February 17, 1933, the Judiciary Committee submitted a report, H.R. Rep. No. 72-2065, and a resolution, H.R. Res. 387, requesting the report be adopted. The report found insufficient evidence to warrant impeachment. On February 24, 1933, when the Judiciary Committee report came up for consideration, Mr. LaGuardia introduced the minority report which recommended Judge Louderback be impeached and included five articles of impeachment. With two conflicting reports to consider, a debate arose in the House between those supporting the majority report?s recommendation not to impeach, and those supporting the five articles of impeachment presented in the minority report. When the debate was over, the House agreed to adopt the minority report and its articles of impeachment. The Senate began its impeachment proceedings with Judge Louderback's answer on April 11, 1933. The actual impeachment trial started on May 15, 1933.
On May 24, 1933, the Senate acquitted Judge Louderback on all charges.
James Lowell – District of Massachusetts
On April 26, 1933, Mr. Smith introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 120, authorizing the Judiciary Committee to investigate Judge Lowell. The resolution was adopted.
On November 30, 1933, during the investigation, Judge Lowell died.
Judge Lindley, James Wilkerson, and Judge Woodward – Northern District of Illinois
On June 12, 1933, Mr. Cellers introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 145, to investigate the "matter of appointments, conduct, proceedings, and acts of receivers, trustees, and referees in bankruptcy." The resolution was referred to the Rules Committee for further action.
Some judges were implicated in the investigation, and their impeachment discussed, but were later exonerated.
Joseph Molyneaux – District of Minnesota
On January 22, 1934, Mr. Shoemaker introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 233, authorizing the Judiciary Committee to investigate Judge Molyneaux. The resolution was adopted and referred to the Judiciary Committee. When no action was taken, Mr. Shoemaker introduced another resolution on April 20, 1934. This resolution contained impeachment charges against Judge Molyneaux, and was also referred to the Judiciary Committee.
Presumably, they died in committee.
Samuel Alschuler – Seventh Circuit
On May 7, 1935, Rep. Everett Dirksen offered a resolution, H.R. Res. 214, to investigate impeachment charges against Judge Alschuler. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. A week later, the House adopted a resolution, H.R. Res. 220, granting the Judiciary Committee authority to hold hearings.
Halsted L. Ritter – Southern District of Florida
On May 29, 1933, Congressman J. Mark Wilcox of Florida introduced resolution (H. Res. 163) authorizing the House Judiciary Committee to investigate the conduct of Judge Ritter (R) to "determine whether in the opinion of the committee he had been guilty of any high crime or misdemeanor." The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee.
On March 2, 1936, the House of Representatives voted to impeach Judge Ritter by 181 votes to 146 on seven articles of impeachment. The proceedings were only the 13th impeachment case in the 147 years of Congress, although it took place just a month after the impeachment of Harold Louderback (who was acquitted in the Senate). The seven articles were:
Ordering the payment of "exorbitant" legal fees with intent to embezzle. Specifically, the House managers said Ritter engaged in champerty ("a proceeding whereby a person having no legitimate interest in a lawsuit abets it with money or services in the hope of profit") by "corruptly and unlawfully" receiving $4,500 from a former law partner, Albert L. Rankin. The House charged that Ritter had planned with Rankin and others to put Whitehall (the former Henry Morrison Flagler mansion and then a hotel, and now a museum) into receivership, and had given Rankin an "exorbitant fee" of $75,000, keeping $4,500 of it.
Showing favoritism in bankruptcy cases
Two charges of practicing law while a judge
Two charges of tax evasion (by filed false income tax returns in 1929 and 1930)
Bringing the judiciary into disrepute (accepting free meals and lodging at Whitehall during receivership proceedings)
Ritter's chief defense attorney was Frank P. Walsh. Three House managers prosecuted the case, with Sam Hobbs of Alabama leading. On April 6, 1936, the U.S. Senate began its trial. A motion to disqualify Ritter from all further federal office was defeated unanimously by the Senate. Eleven days after the trial began, the Senate voted to acquit him of all but the last article (bringing the judiciary into disrepute), which he was convicted of 56–28, exactly the two-thirds necessary for conviction under the Constitution.
Ritter was removed from office on April 17, 1936.
Ritter challenged the conviction in the federal Court of Claims on the grounds that the Senate could not convict him on a general charge of bringing the judiciary into disrepute if it was not able to convict him of a specific offense. The Court of Claims dismissed the case and held it did not have jurisdiction because the Senate was given the "sole power" to try impeachments under Clause 6, Section 3 of Article I of the United States Constitution.
Albert Johnson – Middle District of Pennsylvania
On February 15, 1945, a resolution, H.R. Res. 138, authorizing the Judiciary Committee to investigate impeachment charges against Judge Johnson (and Judge Watson, see below) was adopted by the House. The investigation of Judge Johnson was conducted at both the committee and subcommittee level. (Referenced in a speech by Richard Russell) .). On July 3, 1945, during the Judiciary Committee investigation, Judge Johnson resigned. On July 14, he was called to testify before the Judiciary Committee. Following a poor performance by the Judge during cross examination, the Judge relinquished his retirement salary and withdrew as a witness, thereby mooting the entire process.
The report of the House Judiciary Committee the following year stated that had Johnson not resigned, he would have definitely been impeached.
Albert L. Watson – Middle District of Pennsylvania
The House Judiciary Committee voted to end the impeachment investigation against Judge Watson on September 20, 1945, and he went on to serve until his death in the 1950s. This would be the last serious impeachment investigation for nearly a quarter-century.
William O. Douglas – United States Supreme Court
There were two attempts to remove Associate Justice William O. Douglas from office; both of them failed.
1953 attempt
On June 17, 1953, infuriated by Douglas' brief stay of execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Rep. William McDonald Wheeler introduced a resolution, H.R. Res. 290, impeaching Justice Douglas. It was referred to the Judiciary Committee to investigate the charges. The next day, the Judiciary Committee appointed a Special Subcommittee to conduct the investigation. There was a hearing, and on July 7, the committee voted to end the investigation.
No further action was taken.
1970 attempt
Justice Douglas was fully committed to his causes. However, because of difficult financial circumstances, he was also forced to maintain a busy speaking and publishing schedule to supplement his income. Never a wealthy man, Douglas became severely burdened financially due to a bitter divorce and settlement with his first wife. He only sank deeper into financial difficulties as settlements with his second and third wives essentially consumed his entire salary as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Douglas's steps to supplement his income as a result of his financial situation also included the unusual move of becoming president of the Parvin Foundation, established by the "Mob's Accountant" from the sale of the infamous Flamingo Hotel. While Douglas's work at the Parvin Foundation was never found to be illegitimate, his ties with the foundation made him a prime target for then-House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford. Besides being personally disgusted by Douglas's allegedly illicit lifestyle, Representative Ford was also mindful that Douglas protégé Abe Fortas was forced to resign because of ties to a foundation similar to Parvin. Fortas would later say that he "resigned to save Douglas," thinking that the dual investigations into them would stop with his resignation.
Some scholars, have argued that Ford's impeachment attempt was politically motivated. Those who support this contention note Ford's well-known disappointment with the Senate over the failed nominations of Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell to succeed Fortas. Thus, in April 1970, Congressman Ford moved to impeach Douglas in an attempt to hit back at the Senate.
On April 15, 1970, at the instigation of Rep. Gerald Ford, Rep. Jacobs began a second attempt to impeach Justice Douglas. His resolution to impeach the Justice, H.R. Res. 920, was referred to the Judiciary Committee for investigation. The next day seven resolutions, H.R. Res. 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, and 928, requesting an investigation of Justice Douglas were introduced on the floor of the House. All of the resolutions sought the creation of a select committee to conduct the investigation, and all were referred to the Rules Committee for further action. On April 20, 1970, Mr. Wyman introduced resolution, H.R. Res. 936, to investigate Justice Douglas. This resolution was referred to the Rules Committee. On April 28, 1970, Mr. Gooding introduced resolution to investigate Justice Douglas. This resolution was also sent to the Rules Committee. On April 21, 1970, a Special Subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee was appointed to conduct an investigation under House Resolution 920. It issued a progress report on June 20, 1970.
Despite careful maneuvering by House Judiciary Chairman Emanuel Celler, and an apparent lack of proof of any criminal conduct on the part of Douglas (efforts by Attorney General John N. Mitchell and the Nixon administration to gather evidence to the contrary notwithstanding), Congressman Ford moved forward in the first major attempt to impeach a Supreme Court Justice in the modern era.
The hearings began in late April 1970. U.S. Representative Ford was the main witness; he attacked Douglas's "liberal opinions", his "defense of the 'filthy' film I Am Curious (Yellow), and his ties with the aforementioned Parvin. Additionally, Douglas was criticized for accepting $350 for an article he wrote on folk music in the magazine Avant Garde. The magazine's publisher had served a prison sentence for the distribution of another magazine in 1966 that had been deemed pornographic. Describing Douglas' article, Ford stated, "The article itself is not pornographic, although it praises the lusty, lurid, and risqué along with the social protest of left-wing folk singers". Ford also attacked Douglas for his article in Evergreen magazine, which was infamous for its proclivity for pictures of naked women. The Republican congressmen, however, refused to give the majority Democrats copies of the magazines, prompting Congressman Wayne Hays to remark "Has anybody read the article – or is everybody over there who has a magazine just looking at the pictures?"
When it became clear that the impeachment proceedings would be unsuccessful, they were brought to a close, and no public vote on the matter was taken.
The final report of the Special Subcommittee found no cause for impeachment and recommended no further action be taken. Mr. Wyman criticized this report on December 17, 1970. On December 21, 1970, Mr. Dennis, a member of the Judiciary Committee, criticized his Committee for refusing to even bring the Subcommittee report to a vote.
The effort to impeach Douglas and the struggles over the Fortas, Haynesworth, and Carswell nominations marked the beginning of a more partisan climate during the confirmation process of Supreme Court nominees. In 2019, Professor Joshua Kastenberg at the University of New Mexico School of Law published an examination into the impeachment and concluded that Nixon had several motives in goading Ford to move against Douglas. These motives included revenge for Haynsworth and Carswell as well as a cover for the invasion of Cambodia in late April 1970.
Alfred Murrah, Stephen Chandler, and Luther Bohanon
Luther Bohanon of the Eastern, Northern, and Western Districts of Oklahoma; Stephen Chandler of the Western District of Oklahoma; and Alfred P. Murrah of the 10th Circuit (which sits in Oklahoma) had been feuding so much that it was becoming a national scandal, and thus, many people in Oklahoma demanded their impeachment to put a halt to it. Thus, on February 21, 1966, Congressman Harold R. Gross requested an investigation of these three Oklahoma judges. A resolution to investigate, H.R. Res. 739, was adopted the next day and sent to the House Judiciary Committee which formed an "Ad Hoc Special Subcommittee on Judicial Behavior" for further action.
The investigation, which lasted until 1968, found that the so-called Chandler Mess was reprehensible, but not criminal.
Abe Fortas – United States Supreme Court
Associate Justice Abe Fortas had accepted a $20,000 retainer from the family foundation of Wall Street financier Louis Wolfson, a friend and former client, in January 1966. Fortas signed a contract with Wolfson's foundation; in return for unspecified advice, it was to pay Fortas $20,000 a year for the rest of Fortas's life (and then pay his widow for the rest of her life). Wolfson was under investigation for securities violations at the time and it is alleged that he expected that his arrangement with Fortas would help him stave off criminal charges or help him secure a presidential pardon. Wolfson did ask Fortas to help him secure a pardon from President Lyndon B. Johnson, which Fortas claimed that he did not do, and he returned the retainer, but not until Wolfson had been indicted twice. Wolfson was convicted in 1967 of selling unregistered shares, and then the following year he was convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice in connection with an Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into a company he chaired. Wolfson served a year in federal prison following that second conviction. Later, when a request to review Wolfson's conviction came before the Court (which it refused), Fortas recused himself.
Early in 1969, the new Nixon administration became aware of the Wolfson deal when a Life reporter began investigating the story; FBI director J. Edgar Hoover also mentioned a "tax dodge" Fortas had entered into with other judges, and President Richard Nixon concluded Fortas should be "off of there." When Chief Justice Earl Warren was informed of the incident by the new Attorney General John N. Mitchell, he persuaded Fortas to resign to protect the reputation of the Court and avoid lengthy impeachment proceedings, which were in their preliminary stages; Fortas' judicial reputation was also affected by the previous Johnson consultation and American University scandals. Justice Hugo Black also urged Fortas to resign, but when Fortas said it would "kill" his wife, Black changed his mind and urged Fortas not to resign. Soon after impeachment proceedings formally began with a resolution introduced by Rep. H. R. Gross (R-Iowa), Fortas decided resignation would be best for him and for his wife's legal career, and told his colleagues.
He resigned from the Court on May 15, 1969. William J. Brennan, Jr. later said, "We were just stunned." Fortas later said he "resigned to save Douglas," another justice who was being investigated for a similar scandal at the same time.
Although Fortas denied that he ever helped Wolfson, there is good reason to doubt that claim. In 1970, after Fortas had resigned from the Court, Louis Wolfson surreptitiously taped a private telephone call with Fortas. The transcript of this call was (ostensibly) inadvertently disclosed by Wolfson's lawyer, Bud Fensterwald, to Washington Post reporter Bob Woodward in 1977. The Washington Post subsequently published several excerpts from the transcript, including language suggesting that Fortas might have indeed spoken with President Johnson about a pardon for Wolfson, but there is no evidence that this intervention was a quid pro quo rather than a voluntary intervention for a friend.
Otto Kerner – Seventh Circuit
Kerner had been convicted of bribery, and with all his appeals exhausted, he resigned in July 1974 after being told that the House Judiciary Committee would vote to impeach him immediately after they were done with proceedings against President Richard Nixon.
Frank J. Battisti – Northern District of Ohio
On January 24, 1978, U.S. Representative John M. Ashbrook introduced an impeachment resolution, H.R. Res. 966, against Judge Battisti. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee., where given the judge's sterling record, it died in committee. However, he tried again on January 5, 1981, with H.RES.12, where it died in committee, again.
Nauman Scott – Western District of Louisiana
On Feb 19, 1981, U.S. Representative Lawrence P. McDonald introduced an impeachment resolution, H.R. Res. 61. against Judge Scott, over the issue of court mandated busing. The bill was referred to the House Judiciary committee, where it died.
Harry E. Claiborne – District of Nevada
Claiborne was indicted by a federal grand jury for bribery, fraud, and tax evasion in December 1983. In April 1984, however, the jury deadlocked and a mistrial was declared. He was tried again in July on only the evasion charges and was found guilty the next month, making him the first federal judge ever convicted of crimes while on the bench. Claiborne was sentenced to two years in prison in October, and was in prison from May 1986 to October 1987.
This was an unacceptable state of affairs, and on June 3, 1986, Rep. Peter W. Rodino (D-NJ) offered an impeachment resolution, H.R. Res. 461, against him. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner introduced a second one H.R. Res. 487, against Judge Claiborne on June 24, which was also sent to the Judiciary Committee.
The Judiciary Committee appointed its Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice to assist with the investigation, and after a quick hearing, the Judiciary Committee reported its findings to the House on July 16 and on the 22nd, the committee report was debated in the House. The report included four articles of impeachment against Judge Claiborne. On July 22, Claiborne was formally impeached by the House, becoming the first person to be impeached in fifty years.
The trial in the senate was held before a special committee, except for the closing arguments, which were held before the full Senate.
On October 9, 1986, the Senate concluded its trial and Judge Claiborne was convicted on all articles except Article III. The exact division on each Article is as follows:
Alcee L. Hastings – Southern District of Florida
In 1981, Judge Alcee Hastings was charged with accepting a $150,000 bribe in exchange for a lenient sentence and a return of seized assets for 21 counts of racketeering by Frank and Thomas Romano, and of perjury in his testimony about the case. He was acquitted by a jury after his alleged co-conspirator, William A. Borders Jr., refused to testify in court (resulting in a jail sentence for Borders).
On March 23, 1987, U.S. Representative Jim Sensenbrenner introduced an impeachment resolution, H.R. Res. 128, against Judge Hastings. The resolution was referred to the Judiciary Committee. On March 31, 1987, the Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Criminal Justice met in executive session to discuss Judge Hastings' impeachment inquiry.
In the summer of 1988, the full House of Representatives took up the case; Hastings was impeached for bribery and perjury by a vote of 413–3. He was then convicted in 1989 by the United States Senate, becoming the sixth federal judge in the history of the United States to be removed from office by the Senate. The vote on the first article was 69 for and 26 opposed, providing five votes more than the two-thirds of those present that were needed to convict. The first article accused the judge of conspiracy. Conviction on any single article was enough to remove the judge from office. The Senate vote cut across party lines, with Democratic Senator Patrick Leahy from Vermont voting to convict his fellow party member and Senator Arlen Specter from Pennsylvania voting to acquit.
The Senate had the option to forbid Hastings from ever seeking federal office again, but did not do so. Alleged co-conspirator, attorney William Borders went to jail again for refusing to testify in the impeachment proceedings, but was later given a full pardon by President Bill Clinton on his last day in office.
Hastings filed suit in federal court claiming that his impeachment trial was invalid because he was tried by a Senate committee, not in front of the full Senate, and that he had been acquitted in a criminal trial. Judge Stanley Sporkin ruled in favor of Hastings, remanding the case back to the Senate, but stayed his ruling pending the outcome of an appeal to the Supreme Court in a similar case regarding Judge Walter Nixon, who had also been impeached and removed.
Sporkin found some "crucial distinctions" between Nixon's case and Hastings', specifically, that Nixon had been convicted criminally, and that Hastings was not found guilty by two-thirds of the committee who actually "tried" his impeachment in the Senate. He further added that Hastings had a right to trial by the full Senate.
The Supreme Court, however, ruled in Nixon v. United States that the federal courts have no jurisdiction over Senate impeachment matters, so Sporkin's ruling was vacated and Hastings' conviction and removal were upheld. Four years after his conviction, Hastings was elected to the House of Representatives, in which he continued to sit until his death in 2021.
Walter L. Nixon, Jr. – Southern District of Mississippi
The case stemmed from Judge Walter Nixon's grand jury testimony and statements to federal officers concerning his intervention in the Mississippi's drug prosecution of Drew Fairchild, the son of Nixon's business partner Wiley Fairchild. He was convicted of perjury and sentenced to prison. He refused to resign and continued to receive his judicial salary.
On March 17, 1988, U.S. Representative Peter W. Rodino (D-NJ) introduced an impeachment resolution, H.RES.407, against Nixon, and it was referred to the House Judiciary Committee, which held hearings on the matter. With the case still to be voted on when the term of the House expired, it died. On February 22, 1989, Representative Jack Brooks (D.-Tex.) introduced another impeachment resolution, H.R. Res. 87; the Judiciary Committee submitted its report, H.R. Rep. No. 101-36, to the House on April 25, 1989. The report included three articles of impeachment against Judge Nixon. On May 10, 1989, the House impeached Nixon by a vote of 417 to 0. The Senate concluded its trial on November 3. Judge Nixon was removed from office after being found guilty of articles I and II by a vote of 89 to 8 and 78 to 19 respectively.
Nixon appealed to a federal district court, which reversed the conviction. This was appealed to the Supreme Court, which found the case non-justiciable.
Robert P. Aguilar – Northern District of California
On May 19, 1993, Representative Jim Sensenbrenner introduced H.RES.177, impeaching Judge Robert Aguilar, who had been indicted in the late 1980s for racketeering and was convicted in a 1990 retrial. It was referred to the House Judiciary Committee, who left it in limbo while the Judge's appeals played out.
In 1994, the conviction was overturned; the resolution was left to die. Judge Aguilar retired in 1996.
Robert F. Collins – Eastern District of Louisiana
On May 19, 1993, Representative Jim Sensenbrenner introduced H.RES.176, impeaching Judge Robert Frederick Collins. It was referred to the House Judiciary Committee and died there. Later, in June, Jack Brooks tried again with H RES 207.
With impeachment hearings looming, Collins resigned two months later.
21st century
Manuel L. Real – Central District of California
On July 17, 2006, U.S. Representative Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI), Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, introduced H.RES.916, calling for an investigation of Judge Manuel Real and consider impeaching him. The House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property subsequently held a hearing on Real's conduct on September 21.
It did not agree to recommend impeachment.
G. Thomas Porteous Jr. – Eastern District of Louisiana
Judge Thomas Porteous was not convicted of a crime, but was recommended for removal by the Judicial Council of the Fifth Circuit for egregious misconduct that included receiving gifts from attorneys who came before him, filing false statements in his personal bankruptcy case, and engaging in fraudulent and deceptive conduct concerning his debts and gambling losses.
On June 18, 2008, the Judicial Conference of the United States transmitted a certificate to the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives expressing the Conference's determination that consideration of impeachment of Judge Porteous might be warranted. The certificate stated that there was substantial evidence that Judge Porteous "repeatedly committed perjury by signing false financial disclosure forms under oath," thus concealing "cash and things of value that he solicited and received from lawyers appearing in litigation before him." In a specific case, "he denied a motion to recuse based on his relationship with lawyers in the case (...) and failed to disclose that the lawyers in question had often provided him with cash. Thereafter, while a bench verdict (that is, a verdict by a judge sitting without a jury) was pending, he solicited and received from the lawyers appearing before him illegal gratuities in the form of cash and other things of value," thus depriving "the public of its right to his honest services." The certificate concluded that this conduct "constituted an abuse of his judicial office" in violation of the Canons of the Code of Conduct for United States Judges.
The certificate also stated that there was substantial evidence that Judge Porteous had "repeatedly committed perjury by signing false financial disclosure forms under oath" in connection with his bankruptcy, allowing "him to obtain a discharge of his debts while continuing his lifestyle at the expense of his creditors" and that he had "made false representations to gain the extension of a bank loan with the intent to defraud the bank."
On September 18, 2008, the House Judiciary Committee voted unanimously to proceed with an investigation of the bribery and perjury allegations. On October 15, 2008, House Judiciary Chair John Conyers announced that Alan I. Barron had been hired as Special Counsel to lead an inquiry into Judge Porteous's impeachment. Representatives Adam Schiff (D-CA) and Bob Goodlatte (R-VA) were designated as chair and ranking member, respectively to lead the task force conducting the inquiry.
On January 13, 2009, the House of Representatives passed H.Res. 15 by voice vote, authorizing and directing the Committee on the Judiciary to inquire whether the House should impeach Judge Porteous. The judge tried to get a court to stop the hearing in a lawsuit, but failed. On January 21, 2010, the task force voted unanimously to recommend four articles of impeachment. The Judiciary Committee, later reported the articles to the House, which adopted them on March 11, 2010.
An ad hoc Senate committee heard evidence in September and October 2010; a vote by the full Senate took place on December 8, 2010. Article 1 was passed unanimously, Articles 2 was passed by a vote of 69–27, Article 3 was passed by a vote of 88–8, and Article 4 was passed by a vote of 90–6. An order to forever disqualify the former judge from holding any federal office was passed by a vote of 94–2.
Samuel Kent – Southern District of Texas
On May 11, 2009, Judge Samuel B. Kent was sentenced to 33 months in prison in a sex abuse case for lying to investigators about sexually abusing two female employees. Dick DeGuerin, Kent's attorney, said the judge was retiring from the bench because of a disabilitywhich would allow him to keep receiving his $169,300-a-year salary. Retired federal judges collect their full salaries for the remainder of their lives; judges who resign get nothing. That did not satisfy the leaders of the House Judiciary Committee, Representatives John Conyers (D-Mich.) and Lamar Smith (R-Tex.), who demanded that Kent resign immediately or face possible impeachment.
Judge Kent submitted his resignation on June 2, 2009, with the provision that it will not take effect for a full year. This angered the membership of the House Judiciary Committee, which voted unanimously on sending four articles of impeachment to the full House of Representatives on June 10, 2009. On June 19, the full House passed the articles unanimously, making Judge Kent the 14th judge to be impeached.
As the Senate trial committee was organizing itself, Kent updated his resignation to be effective a year earlier than originally planned. The trial was thus mooted and proceedings came to an end.
Jay Bybee – Ninth Circuit
Representative Jerrold Nadler (D-NY), a senior member of the House Judiciary Committee on April 20, 2009, called for the impeachment of Judge Jay Bybee, as Bybee was one of the authors of torture memos written by senior Justice Department lawyers during the Bush Administration. In July of that year, Bybee started a legal defense fund in anticipation of impeachment. In February 2010, after more than a year's delay, the Department of Justice released the Office of Professional Responsibility's report on whether government lawyers who wrote these torture memos violated professional ethics and found what Bybee had done was legal.
No impeachment resolution was ever introduced in the House of Representatives.
Mark Fuller – Middle District of Alabama
Judge Mark Fuller was arrested on August 9, 2014, after his wife called police and reported her husband was drunk and hitting her while they were at an Atlanta hotel. He later accepted a plea deal that will allow his record to be expunged if he completes a counseling program. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals reassigned all of his cases to other judges for the time being.
The plea deal displeased U.S. Representative Terri Sewell (D-AL), who demanded Fuller resign by November 12, 2014. When he did not, she sent a letter to the chairman and ranking Democrat on the House Judiciary Committee to instigate impeachment proceedings. The process was put on hold while the Judicial Conference of the United States investigated the matter. It announced that he had indeed committed impeachable offenses.
Fuller said he would resign on August 1, 2015, but then said he might change his mind. The House Judiciary Committee stated he would indeed be impeached if he did not resign by the date he originally announced, which he did.
References
External links
Impeachments of Federal Judges from the Federal Judicial Center
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United States federal judges
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Blank Forms is a not-for-profit arts organization based in New York City. It was founded by Lawrence Kumpf in 2016 as a platform for the preservation and presentation of experimental and time-based performance practices. Blank Forms frequently works with individual artists on a long-term basis in order to create "in-depth public programs and educational materials that provide a range of perspectives on inherently ephemeral practices." In 2017, the organization established Blank Forms Editions, a platform for disseminating texts and recordings related to their programming through anthologies, books, and audio releases. Blank Forms has additionally organized exhibitions by Catherine Christer Hennix, Loren Connors, Henning Christiansen, and Graham Lambkin. Although Blank Forms presents events on a largely nomadic basis through partnerships with a variety of spaces, in 2020 the organization opened their own exhibition space in Brooklyn's Clinton Hill neighborhood.
The Maryanne Amacher Foundation
Blank Forms was inaugurated on March 4, 2016 with Labyrinth Gives Way To Skin, the first of a series of seminars and listening sessions presented in collaboration with The Maryanne Amacher Archive to investigate the work of the late sound artist Maryanne Amacher. Seminars, listening sessions, and concerts of Amacher's work by Blank Forms have taken place at Redcat, Artists Space, Bell Labs, The Kitchen, St. Peter's Episcopal Church, University of Pennsylvania, the Emily Harvey Foundation, and Holy Apostles and the Mediator. In 2020, Blank Forms established the Maryanne Amacher Foundation and donated the composer's archives to the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts for use by researchers and artists.
Notable Projects
In 2018, Blank Forms began the ongoing project of preserving and promoting the work of Swedish polymath and minimal music composer Catherine Christer Hennix. That year, Blank Forms co-curated two exhibitions of her artwork—Traversée du Fantasme at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam and Thresholds of Perception at Empty Gallery in Hong Kong—and released Selected Early Keyboard Works, the first volume in their series of archival releases of her unheard music. Subsequent volumes have included The Deontic Miracle: Selections from 100 Models of Hegikan Roku and Unbegrenzt. In 2019, Blank Forms anthologized Hennix's writing in the two-volume set Poësy Matters & Other Matters.
In 2019, Blank Forms announced Intermediate States, a series of listening sessions, installations, and performances of the work of the French composer Éliane Radigue. The ongoing program has included diffusions of Radigue's tape works Trilogie de la mort, Adnos I-III, Chry-ptus, and Vice-Versa, etc... in addition to touring performances of her instrumental composition Occam Ocean.
Exhibitions
In 2018, Blank Forms co-curated Traversée du Fantasme, Catherine Christer Hennix's first solo museum exhibition since 1976, at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. Later that year, Blank Forms occupied Artists Space's former space at 55 Walker St. in Manhattan’s Tribeca neighborhood for two art exhibitions with accompanying performance programs. Wildweeds, Loren Connors' first solo art show, was supplemented with performances by the guitarist as well as by Charalambides. Freedom Is Around the Corner was the first retrospective of Danish Fluxus artist Henning Christiansen's work in America, with sculpture, painting, video, sound works, objects, works on paper, self-published magazines, and other work shown. The exhibition also included the presentation of performances by Werner Durand, Mark Harwood, Ute Wassermann, Thorbjørn Reuter Christiansen, Lucy Railton, James Rushford, Stíne Janvin, Graham Lambkin, Áine O’Dwyer, Lau Nau, and Apartment House, in addition to a screening of films by Ursula Reuter Christiansen at Anthology Film Archives. Although Blank Forms continues to work using a roving curatorial model to present performances and exhibitions without a fixed space, in 2020 the organization opened their first dedicated exhibition space in Brooklyn's Clinton Hill neighborhood. That winter, they presented Time Runs Through the Darkest Hour, an exhibition of drawings, mixed-media works on paper, and a sound piece by Graham Lambkin.
Blank Forms Editions
In 2017, Blank Forms began publishing an anthology in book form, consisting of interviews, essays, poetry, newly-translated texts, and artwork and envisioned as "a platform for critical reflection and extended dialogue between scholars, artists, and other figures working within the world of experimental music and art." That same year, they released a cassette by Charlemagne Palestine, inaugurating the record label branch of Blank Forms Editions. The label has also released music by Catherine Christer Hennix, Hairbone, Loren Connors, Maryanne Amacher, Graham Lambkin & Joe McPhee, Masayuki Takayanagi New Direction Unit, Patty Waters, and Afuma. In 2019, they expanded their publishing wing by publishing three single-author books, by Loren Connors, Catherine Christer Hennix, and Joseph Jarman. In 2020, they announced the publication of a book of selected writings and interviews by Maryanne Amacher and a collection of poetry about music by Thulani Davis. In 2021, Blank Forms Editions published Alan Licht's book Common Tones: Selected Interviews with Artists and Musicians 1995-2020.
Artists
Some of the artists with which Blank Forms has sustained extended relationships include:
Afuma
Onyx Ashanti
Maryanne Amacher
Henning Christiansen
Loren Connors
Thulani Davis
Mark Ernestus' Ndagga Rhythm Force
Catherine Christer Hennix
Graham Lambkin
Okkyung Lee
Alan Licht
Joe McPhee
Áine O'Dwyer
Charlemagne Palestine
The Sun Ra Arkestra
Éliane Radigue
Marianne Schroeder
Akio Suzuki
Masayuki Takayanagi New Direction Unit
Patty Waters
Yarn/Wire
References
Arts organizations based in New York City
Art museums and galleries in Brooklyn |
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