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Costa Rica competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom from August 29 to September 9, 2012.
Athletics
Men’s Track and Road Events
Cycling
Road
Men
See also
Costa Rica at the 2012 Summer Olympics
References
Nations at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
2012
2012 in Costa Rican sport |
Segregara is a genus of African armored trapdoor spiders that was first described by R. W. E. Tucker in 1917. it contains only three species, all found in South Africa: S. abrahami, S. paucispinulosa, and S. transvaalensis. Originally placed with the Ctenizidae, it was moved to the Idiopidae in 1985.
See also
List of Idiopidae species
References
Endemic fauna of South Africa
Idiopidae
Mygalomorphae genera
Spiders of South Africa |
Chorizontes ("separators") was the name given to the ancient Alexandrian critics who believed the Iliad and Odyssey were by different poets. The best known of them were the grammarians Xenon and Hellanicus, but they are nonetheless extremely obscure figures about whom nothing else is known. Aristarchus of Samothrace was one of their opponents.
See also
Homeric scholarship
References
Literary criticism
Iliad
Odyssey
Homeric scholarship |
Belyashevo (; , Beläş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Badryashevsky Selsoviet, Tatyshlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 469 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.
Geography
Belyashevo is located 16 km north of Verkhniye Tatyshly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Badryashevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Tatyshlinsky District |
Shinzo Abe, the former prime minister of Japan and a serving member of the House of Representatives, was shot and killed on 8 July 2022 while speaking at a political event outside Yamato-Saidaiji Station in Nara City, Nara Prefecture, Japan. While delivering a campaign speech for a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) candidate, he was shot from behind at close range by a man with an improvised firearm. Abe was transported by a medical helicopter to Nara Medical University Hospital in Kashihara, where he was pronounced dead.
Leaders from many nations expressed shock and dismay at Abe's assassination, which was the first of a former Japanese prime minister since Saitō Makoto and Takahashi Korekiyo during the February 26 incident in 1936. Prime Minister Kishida decided to hold a state funeral for Abe on 27 September.
The suspect, 41-year-old Tetsuya Yamagami, was arrested at the scene for attempted murder. The charge was upgraded to murder after Abe was pronounced dead. Yamagami told investigators that he had shot Abe in relation to a grudge he held against the Unification Church (UC), to which Abe and his family had political ties, over his mother's bankruptcy in 2002.
The assassination brought scrutiny from Japanese society and media against the UC's alleged practice of pressuring believers into making exorbitant donations. Japanese dignitaries and legislators were forced to disclose their relationship with the UC to the public. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida reshuffled the cabinet on 10 August. One of the few retaining ministers, Daishiro Yamagiwa, resigned on 24 October as the approval of the cabinet continued to plummet over the UC scandal. On 31 August the LDP announced that it would no longer have any relationship with the UC and its associated organisations, and would expel its members if they did not break ties with the group. On 10 December, the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors passed two bills to restrict the activities of religious organisations such as the UC and provide relief to victims.
Background
Shinzo Abe had served as Prime Minister of Japan between 2006 and 2007 and again from 2012 to 2020, when he resigned due to health concerns. He was the longest-serving prime minister in Japan's history.
Nobusuke Kishi, his maternal grandfather, was Prime Minister of Japan from 1957 to 1960, and like Abe, was the target of an assassination attempt. Unlike Abe, he survived.
Abe was the first former Japanese prime minister to have been assassinated since Saitō Makoto and Takahashi Korekiyo, who were killed during the February 26 incident in 1936, the first Japanese legislator to be assassinated since Kōki Ishii was killed by a member of a right-wing group in 2002, and the first Japanese politician to be assassinated during an electoral campaign since Iccho Itoh, then-mayor of Nagasaki, who was shot dead during his mayoral race in April 2007.
Relationship between Abe's family and the Unification Church
Abe, as well as his father Shintaro Abe and his grandfather Nobusuke Kishi, had longstanding ties to the Unification Church (UC), a new religious movement known for its mass wedding ceremonies. Known officially as the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU), the movement was founded by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in 1954 and its followers are colloquially known as "Moonies". Moon was a self-declared messiah and ardent anti-communist.
Nobusuke Kishi's postwar political agenda led him to work closely with Ryoichi Sasakawa, a businessman and nationalist politician during the Second World War. As Moon's advisor, Sasakawa helped establish the UC in Japan in 1963 and assumed the roles of both patron and president of the church's political wing, International Federation for Victory over Communism (IFVOC, ), which would forge intimate ties with Japan's conservative politicians. In this way, Sasakawa and Kishi shielded what would become one of the most widely distrusted groups in contemporary Japan.
Moon's organisations, including the UC and the overtly political IFVOC, were financially supported by Ryoichi Sasakawa and Yoshio Kodama.
When the UC still had a few thousand followers, its headquarters was located on land once owned by Kishi in Nanpeidaichō, Shibuya, Tokyo, and UC officials frequently visited the adjacent Kishi residence. By the early 1970s, UC members were being used by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) as campaign workers without compensation. LDP politicians were also required to visit the UC's headquarters in South Korea and receive Moon's lectures on theology, regardless of their religious views or membership. In return, Japanese authorities shielded the UC from legal penalties over their often-fraudulent and aggressive practices. Subsequently, the UC gained much influence in Japan, laying the groundwork for its push into the United States and its later entrenchment.
Such a relationship was passed on to Kishi's son-in-law, former foreign minister Shintaro Abe, who attended a dinner party held by Moon at the Imperial Hotel in 1974. In the US, the 1978 Fraser Report, an inquiry by the US Congress into American–Korean relations, determined that Kim Jong-pil, founder and director of the Korean C.I.A. an associate of Yoshio Kodama and from 1971 to 1975 Prime Minister of South Korea, had "organized" the UC in the early 1960s and was using it "as a political tool" on behalf of authoritarian President Park Chung Hee and the military dictatorship. In 1989, Moon urged his followers to establish their footing in Japan's parliament, then install themselves as secretaries for the Japanese lawmakers, and focus on those of Shintaro Abe's faction in the LDP. Moon also stressed that they must construct their political influence not only in the parliament, but also on Japan's district level.
Shinzo Abe continued this relationship, and in May 2006, when he was Chief Cabinet Secretary, he and several cabinet ministers sent congratulatory telegrams to a mass wedding ceremony organised by the UC's front group, Universal Peace Federation (UPF, ), for 2,500 couples of Japanese and Korean men and women.
In spring 2021, the chairman of the UPF's Japanese branch, , called Abe and asked if the latter would consider speaking before an upcoming UPF rally in September if former US president Donald Trump also attended. Abe replied that he had to accept the offer should that be the case; he formally agreed to his participation on 24 August 2021. At the September rally, held ten months before the assassination, Abe stated to Kajikuri that, "The image of the Great Father [Moon] crossing his arms and smiling gave me goosebumps. I still respectably remember the sincerity [you] showed in the last six elections in the past eight years." Kajikuri claimed that he originally invited three unnamed former Japanese prime ministers, but was turned down due to concern of being used as poster boys for UC's mission.
According to research by Nikkan Gendai, ten out of twenty members in the Fourth Abe Cabinet had connections to the UC, but these connections were largely ignored by Japanese journalists. After the assassination, Japanese defence minister Nobuo Kishi, Abe's younger brother, was forced to disclose that he had been supported by the UC in past elections.
Unification Church practices in Japan
The Japanese government certified the UC as a religious organisation in 1964; the Agency for Cultural Affairs classifies the UC as a Christian organisation. Since then, the government was unable to prevent the UC's activities because of the freedom of religion guaranteed in the Constitution of Japan, according to , the former section head of the Public Security Intelligence Agency's Second Intelligence Department.
According to historians, up to 70% of the UC's wealth has been accumulated through outdoor fundraising rounds. Steven Hassan, a former UC member engaged in the deprogramming of other UC members, describes these as "spiritual sales" (reikan shōhō, 霊感商法), with parishioners scanning obituaries, going door-to-door, and saying, "Your dead loved one is communicating with us, so please go to the bank and send money to the Unification Church so your loved one can ascend to heaven in the spirit world."
Moon's theology teaches that his homeland Korea is the "Adam country", home of the rulers destined to control the world. Japan is the "fallen Eve country". The dogma teaches Eve had sexual relations with Satan and then seduced Adam, which caused mankind to fall from grace (original sin), while Moon was appointed to bring mankind to salvation. Japan must therefore be subservient to Korea. This was used to encourage their Japanese followers into offering every single material belonging to Korea via the church.
According to journalist and other former UC followers, the conditions for Japanese followers to participate in the UC's mass wedding were substantially more difficult than Korean people, on the grounds of "Japan's sinful occupation of Korea" between 1910 and 1945. In 1992, each Japanese follower needed to successfully bring three more people into the church, fulfill a certain quota of fundraising by selling the church's merchandise, undergo fasting for seven days, and pay an appreciation fee of 1.4 million yen. For Korean people, the fee for attending the mass wedding was 2 million won (about 200 thousand yen in September 2022). Most Korean attendees were not followers of the church to begin with, as UC considered it an honour for a Japanese woman to be married to a Korean man, like an abandoned dog being picked up by a prince. If the Japanese followers wanted to leave their partners of the mass wedding or the church, they were told they would be damned to the "hell of hell".
In 1987, about 300 lawyers in Japan set up an association called the National Network of Lawyers Against Spiritual Sales (Zenkoku Benren) to help victims of the UC and similar organisations. According to statistics compiled by the association's lawyers between 1987 and 2021, the association and local government consumer centers received 34,537 complaints alleging that UC had forced people to make unreasonably large donations or purchase large amounts of items, amounting to about 123.7 billion yen. According to the internal data compiled by the UC which leaked to the media, the donation by the Japanese followers between 1999 and 2011 was about 60 billion yen annually.
Timeline
Abe's schedule
Abe was initially scheduled to deliver a speech in Nagano Prefecture on 8 July 2022 in support of , an LDP candidate in upcoming elections to the House of Councillors. That event was abruptly cancelled on 7 July following allegations of misconduct and corruption related to Matsuyama, and was replaced by a similar event in Nara Prefecture at which Abe was to deliver a speech in support of Kei Satō, an LDP councillor running for re-election. The LDP division in Nara Prefecture stated this new schedule was not generally publicly known, but NHK reported that the event had been widely advertised on Twitter and by sound truck. Nara police and Satō's campaign staff inspected the site on the evening before the incident, and the head of the prefectural police had approved of the security plan a few hours before the incident; one prefectural assembly member later said, "I thought it was a dangerous place that made it easy to attack former Prime Minister Abe from the cars and bicycles that pass along the road behind him".
At approximately 11:10 a.m. on 8 July, Satō began speaking at a road junction near the north exit of Yamato-Saidaiji Station in Nara City. Abe arrived nine minutes later, and began his speech at around 11:29 am. He was accompanied by VIP protection officers from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department alongside VIP protection officers from the Nara Prefectural Police.
Assassination
While Abe was delivering his speech, the alleged perpetrator, Tetsuya Yamagami, was able to approach within several metres, despite the presence of security. At around 11:30 am, when Abe said, , he was shot at from behind with a homemade gun resembling a sawn-off, double-barreled shotgun capable of firing six bullets at a time. The first shot missed and prompted Abe to turn around, at which point a second shot was fired, hitting Abe in the neck and chest area. Abe then took a few steps forward, fell to his knees, and collapsed. Abe's security detained the suspect, who did not resist. According to security guards stationed during the assassination, the sound of the gunshot was very different from that of a conventional firearm, reminiscent of fireworks or tire blowout. This may explain the delay of response from Abe's bodyguards after the first round of gunshot.
Treatment
Paramedics arrived on the scene at 11:37 am, and an ambulance later arrived at 11:41 am. Six out of the twenty-four emergency responders at the scene later showed signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, according to the Nara City Fire Department.
Police sources told NHK that Abe was initially conscious and responsive after being shot. A doctor who arrived at the scene said there were no signs indicating Abe was conscious. Shortly thereafter, he was transported to a local hospital by emergency helicopter with a wound to the right side of his neck and internal bleeding under his left chest, arriving approximately fifty minutes after being shot. He was reported to have no vital signs when he arrived at Nara Medical University Hospital in Kashihara, likely due to cardiopulmonary arrest prior to his arrival. At 2:45 pm, a press conference was held by Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, who stated that Abe was in critical condition and that "doctors [were] doing everything they [could]".
Death declaration
Abe's wife Akie arrived at the hospital at 4:55 pm. Despite doctors' efforts, Abe was pronounced dead at the hospital at 5:03 pm, around five and a half hours after being shot. He was 67 years old. Hidetada Fukushima, a doctor at the hospital, said the cause of Abe's death was blood loss, despite four hours of blood transfusions that saw the administration of 100 units of blood. Fukushima said that Abe was hit by two bullets and that one bullet was not found in Abe's body. The police autopsy concluded Abe died from loss of blood after a bullet damaged an artery under his collarbone.
Visitations
Several hours after the assassination, both former prime minister Yoshihide Suga and Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirokazu Matsuno visited the hospital where Abe's body was being held.
The body was subject to a judicial autopsy and departed from the hospital with Abe's widow at 5:55 a.m. on 9 July. Five vehicles carrying various old professional acquaintances of Abe's, including former defence minister Tomomi Inada, took part in the motorcade conveying Abe's body back to his home in Tokyo. At 1:35 pm, the party arrived at Abe's Tokyo residence. On their arrival, Sanae Takaichi, the chairman of the LDP Policy Research Council, Tatsuo Fukuda, the chairman of the LDP General Council and Hisashi Hieda, the chairman of Fujisankei Communications Group and a friend of Abe's, received them. Afterwards, Kishida visited for condolences, and former prime ministers Yoshirō Mori and Junichiro Koizumi, Hiroyuki Hosoda (Speaker of the House of Representatives), Akiko Santō (President of the House of Councillors), Toshihiro Nikai (former Secretary-General of the LDP), Kōichi Hagiuda (Abe's close aide and the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry), Tetsuo Saito (a politician of Komeito and the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism), and Yuriko Koike (the Governor of Tokyo) also visited for condolences.
Suspect
, a resident of Nara, was arrested at the scene of the assassination. He was 41 years old, had no prior criminal history, and was unemployed at the time of his arrest. In his testimonies and letters, Yamagami claimed that he was driven by a grudge against the Unification Church for ruining his family. Even though he originally planned to target Hak Ja Han, then president of the church, he was unable to approach her, so he switched to Shinzo Abe, whom he believed was "one of the most influential sympathisers" of the church.
Yamagami was born on 10 September 1980 in Mie Prefecture to affluent parents who ran a local construction business. Described as quiet and reserved in high school, he wrote in his graduation yearbook that he "didn't have a clue" what he wanted to do in the future. In an interview with The Asahi Shimbun, a relative had stated that Yamagami had been struggling since childhood with the UC, of which his mother had become a devoted member. After the death of his maternal grandfather, his mother inherited ownership of the family business, but she eventually donated most of the family wealth and assets to the church, impoverishing the whole family.
Aftermath
Effects on election
At 11:45 am, the Japanese government established a liaison office within the crisis management center of the Prime Minister's Office. Kishida, who was campaigning in Sagae, Yamagata Prefecture, cancelled his remaining schedule and returned to Tokyo by 2:29 pm. According to Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirokazu Matsuno, all other members of Kishida's cabinet were recalled to Tokyo except the foreign minister, Yoshimasa Hayashi, who was in Indonesia for the 2022 G20 Bali summit. Kishida later ordered heightened security for high-ranking politicians in Japan. Officers from the Security Police were deployed to protect Akie Abe after she arrived in Kyoto as a precautionary measure.
Most political leaders cancelled all campaign events for the remainder of 8 July. Campaigning resumed the day after, on 9 July, with major party leaders vowing to not allow violence to disrupt the democratic process. The LDP subsequently won a supermajority of seats in the House of Councillors in the 10 July elections.
Effects on media broadcast
NHK General TV, and four of Japan's five major commercial television networks, cancelled or postponed all scheduled programming to broadcast live news coverage for the rest of the day, as did several radio stations. Of the shows impacted, the anime series Teppen—!!! had its second episode, scheduled to air on 9 July, cancelled entirely due to the plot of the episode revolving around an attempted assassination.
National Police Agency changes
On 20 August 2022, the National Police Agency announced that rules for conducting VIP protection will be revamped, which will also expand VIP protection training.
The NPA announced that from 26 August 2022, they will examine all VIP protection plans from the prefectural police and will instruct them to make recommended changes if and when it is deemed necessary. The NPA also announced that they will extend their "cyber patrol" force which was originally established to monitor online illegal drug trade and child pornography to also swiftly identify potential threats against VIPs found on social media and take early counter measures.
Resignation
On 25 August 2022, Commissioner General Itaru Nakamura of the National Police Agency said that he will resign from his post to take responsibility for the shooting incident on Abe. The chief of the Nara Prefectural Police Tomoaki Onizuka and the director general of the National Police Agency's Security Bureau Kenichi Sakurazawa also announced their resignation.
Unification Church–related
Responses by the Unification Church
The Unification Church distanced itself from the assassination and confirmed the involvement of Yamagami's mother with it by , the chair of the church's Tokyo branch, during a press conference on 11 July.
Tanaka expressed his "sorry and heartfelt" condolences. He confirmed that Yamagami was not a UC member, but his mother joined in 1998, temporarily disappeared in 2009, and participated monthly in church events for the last half-year. Tanaka stated that the mother was bankrupted around 2002, and there is no record of such donation requests. He said that is a mystery what could lead from the resentment against the Church to the murder, and the Church will cooperate with Police to establish a motive if asked.
Tanaka also downplayed the alleged close tie between the organisation and Abe, stating that the former prime minister, not being a registered member or advisor, only delivered speeches for their "friendly entity", the UPF.
On 14 July, the UC released a statement claiming that before the assassination, they reached an agreement to refund 50 million yen donated by the suspect's mother from 2004 to 2015, and that they have no more record of new donations made by her after the refund. On the other hand, the 50 million yen refunded was again donated to the UC, according to the suspect's relatives.
At a press conference in Seoul on 19 July 2022, Chung Hwan Kwak, a prominent leader in the UC, apologised and stated that the organisation was responsible for Abe's death, saying: "I feel a deep responsibility [for the attack on Abe] because I heard that the motive of the attacker was associated with a grudge against donations [at the UC]. I sincerely apologize," he said. Kwak said that Sun Myung Moon enjoyed a close relationship with Abe's father and grandfather, stating: "Donations from Japan have greatly contributed to Moon's activities around the world". Kwak argued that he tried to reform the UC's Japanese branch and end the practice of spiritual sales, but that Jung Ok Yoo and other church leaders resisted and allowed the practice to continue. South Korean church officials and the Japanese branch, on the other hand, denied Kwak's claim.
The UC claimed that negative media reports related to the assassination led to hate speech and death threats against their followers. According to a female receptionist working at the Shibuya office of the UC she has been receiving two to three trolling letters every day, some containing home rubbish and even replacement razors. On 18 August 2022, the church organised a rally in Seoul against the Japanese media. About three thousand followers, comprising a considerable portion of Japanese women married to Korean men via the UC's mass weddings, were transported from their facility in Gapyeong County via coaches to participate in this protest. All participants refused to be interviewed by any Japanese media on site, with deliberate intervention from the staff of the church. On 21 August, the UC released a statement on its Japanese site which condemned the media's scrutiny towards the organisation's political ties as a witch hunt, demanding apologies to their followers and threatening legal action. On 27 October 2022, the lawyers representing the UC announced that they filed a civil case for defamation against TBS Radio, Nippon TV and the guests who commentated on their shows, Masaki Kito and Yoshifu Arita, demanding public apologies and a total of 33 million yen in damage.
In an interview with All-Nippon News Network, Korean journalist Song Ju-yeol () revealed that, according to an informant, the assassination had thrown the UC into a state of crisis. Negative attention towards the church could realistically impede their capability to raise the funds needed for operating the organisation globally, in which a major portion was contributed by their Japanese followers. The 2023 new year greeting by Tomihiro Tanaka for a private meeting was leaked and reported by media, in that Tanaka addressed to their second generation followers to prepare for a climactic battle against religious persecution, as "2023 marked the 400th anniversary of persecution against Christianity in Japan beginning in 1623". At the anniversary of Abe's assassination, a private statement was made by Hak Ja Han to the top executives of the church. Han reinforced that "Japan is a country of war criminals and must make compensation to Korea" and ordered that Japanese politicians, including Kishida, "receive education" for persecuting their organization. The UC refused to verify the authenticity of the leaked recording when requested for comment by the media.
Responses from the Kishida Cabinet
The assassination resulted in renewed public interest into the relationship between the UC and the LDP. On 31 July 2022, Kishida demanded the members of his party to "carefully explain" their relationship with the church to the public. The alleged relationship caused the Kishida Cabinet's approval to drop, by 8% in July according to Yomiuri Shimbun or by 13% according to NHK. Both polls also showed that over 80% of respondents felt that the disclosure by the politicians of their relationship with the UC was insufficient. On 6 August, Kishida announced that he would reshuffle his cabinet on 10 August, much earlier than September 2022 as had been originally scheduled, and that all members of the next cabinet would be closely examined of their ties with the church. Taro Kono, the newly appointed Minister of Digital Affairs in this reshuffle, established a "Spiritual Sales Review Committee" in the Consumer Affairs Agency to hold weekly meeting with experts in cult-related frauds, including Masaki Kito of the anti-cult lawyers network Zenkoku Benren. In a 9 December 2022 consumer committee special meeting, Kono stated that he personally recognises the Unification Church as a "cult".
On 24 October 2022, one of the retaining ministers in the reshuffled cabinet, Daishiro Yamagiwa, announced his resignation as the Minister of Economic Revitalization, after being criticised for his past engagements with the UC, announcing his ties with the UC only after the reshuffle to the public, and unsatisfactory responses regarding his participations in the UC-related events such as "I have no memory" or "I have no record" when being questioned by the media and opposition lawmakers.
Civil responses
Almost a year before the assassination, in September 2021, the anti-cult lawyers group Zenkoku Benren sent an open protest letter to Shinzo Abe, after he had sent the video message to an online meeting of the Universal Peace Federation. In the letter, the lawyers protested that his video message constituted an "endorsement," stating: "We urge you to think carefully about this for the sake of your own honour."
On 11 July 2022, in Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward lawyers of Zenkoku Benren held a press conference in response to the assassination. After offering their condolences to Abe, they objected to the UC's claims that it reformed its practices in 2009 after it came under police investigation. Hiroshi Yamaguchi, an advocacy group representative, said that the UC's "explanation that there is no coercion of donations is a lie." The amount of damages reported by victims in Japan has been higher in recent years, the lawyers said, totalling 5.1 billion yen in more than 400 cases between 2017 and 2020. They emphasised that the activities of the UC are inseparable from front groups, including the UPF, they are all part of a "religious conglomerate" working toward the goal of "unifying" the world under their church. The advocacy group released a statement urging politicians to refrain from any actions that express support for the religious group.
The indicated that: "Neither administrative bodies or politicians in the administration did anything about the activities of the former UC in the past 30 years".
The National Family Association of Victims of the Unification Church (), founded in 2003, received a surge of inquiries for helping their family members leave the UC. In June 2022, before the assassination, there were eight inquiries for the association; in July 2022, the number of inquiries jumped to 94; in August 2022, the number exceeded 100.
Because there were previous instances of students lured into the UC via the workers of "CARP" (for Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles), a UC-front organisation which was not acknowledged by the university, lingering around the campus, Osaka University erected warning signs in the campus to urge students to avoid cult-related groups like CARP. The signs listed the common behaviours of the workers of such group like asking for personal contact or taking survey. Since 2004, Osaka University provided lectures to all first-year students about the problems with religious cults and how to deal with them on campus. Many other schools, including Waseda University, Keio University and Ritsumeikan University, warned first-year students about on-campus recruitment activities. According to World CARP Japan (WCJ), the Japanese organisation of CARP, there are about 30 CARP-circles active in universities across Japan, where they help clean up communities and teach primary school children.
Examination of dissolving the Unification Church
The assassination raised discussion of stripping the UC of its "legal entity of religious organization" status based on Article 81 "Dissolution Order" of the which was only issued twice in Japan prior to Abe's assassination, the first being the Aum Shinrikyo in 1996 following the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack; the second being Myōkakuji (明覚寺) in Wakayama in January 2002 whose top officials had been convicted for employing fraudulent spiritual sales tactics to attract massive donations from their believers. The rationales being that the UC was engaging in activities which were "clearly detrimental to the public welfare" and/or "out of line with the purpose of the religious organization." Professor of constitutional law said that stripping the religious status of an organisation does not violate the religious freedom guaranteed by the Constitution of Japan, but it would merely strip them of benefits such as tax break enjoyed by a registered religious entity. In October 2022, the leaders of the Aum Shinrikyo's succeeding unregistered religious groups, Aleph and Hikari no Wa, answered to media interviews that their religious activities had not been hindered by the government since the 1996 dissolution order.
Since Abe's assassination, a woman under the pseudonym "Sayuri Ogawa" (小川 さゆり) as one of the former UC followers, who suffered financially and mentally, has become outspoken about her past experiences of how she was exploited by the church and her own parents. On 14 September 2022, she was arranged by the Japan News Network to speak face to face with the Minister of Justice Yasuhiro Hanashi on air and demanded passing new laws to regulate the malpractices of the UC and protect children from religious parents. On 6 October 2022, she and her husband held a press conference to explain their view on the church and why they feel exploited, which was interrupted by a message sent by her parents via the UC, who accused her of lying pathologically due to her mental illness. By the end of the press conference, she demanded the dissolution of the UC in tears.
On 11 October 2022, the anti-cult lawyers group Zenkoku Benren formally submitted a request for disbanding the UC to the , Minister of Justice and Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Initially the Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirokazu Matsuno responded that the request must be considered with utmost prudence with regards of the precedents. On 16 October 2022, Prime Minister Kishida announced a probe of the UC would be launched regarding the allegations of their anti-social activities, and suggested the possibility of dissolving the UC depending on the report of the investigation. On the next day, organisations of anti-cultism and cult victims initiated an online petition demanding government officials to strip the UC of its religious juridical person status. As of 6 December 2022, the petition has garnered over 200 thousand signatures.
Legislation to restrict donations to religious organisations and provide relief to victims
On 10 December, the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors passed two bills to restrict the activities of religious organisations such as the UC and provide relief to victims. These bills were designed to address social problems caused by the UC and the political parties and the media saw these bills as a way to restrict "cults" in the process leading up to the legislation.
The new law stipulates prohibited acts and duty of care for juridical persons, including religious organisations, when soliciting donations. Prohibited acts include the following: a juridical person must not induce the donor to borrow money or sell their home or fields in order to raise the funds for the donation, a juridical person must not accompany the donor to a place from which the donor is unable to leave, and a juridical person must not prevent the donor from consulting with someone. The duty of care is that the juridical person shall not suppress the free will of the soliciting subject and that the solicitation shall not make life difficult for the soliciting subject's family. If a juridical person commits a prohibited act, a correction order is issued, and a person who repeatedly violates the order is subject to imprisonment for up to one year and a fine of up to 1,000,000 yen. If a juridical person violates its duty of care, the name of the juridical person will be made public. It was also stipulated that contracts for donations or sales of goods through spiritual sales, i.e. inducing psychological fear or promising spiritual salvation, can be revoked up to 10 years after the contract is concluded and up to three years after the target of the solicitation becomes aware of the damage. In addition, it is also stipulated that donations contracted while the target of the solicitation is under brainwashing can be cancelled. The law also stipulates that the victim's family can also revoke the donation due to improper solicitation, and that the victim or his/her family can claim from the juridical person the amount of past damages as well as living expenses and child support that the child or spouse is entitled to in the future. The new law then defines spiritual sales, in which a contract can be rescinded, as soliciting donations or selling goods after taking advantage of the anxiety of the target of the solicitation or causing the target of the solicitation to become anxious. Minister of State for Consumer Affairs and Food Safety Taro Kono will have jurisdiction over these laws.
These bills were supported by the ruling Liberal Democratic Party and Komeito, and opposition parties the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP), Nippon Ishin no Kai, and Democratic Party for the People, and opposed by the opposition parties the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) and the Reiwa Shinsengumi. The CDP had opposed the bills, seeking legislation to more strictly restrict religious organisations, but switched to support it after a clause to review the law two years later was specified in the bills. According to the CDP and some Unification Church victims, legislation to restrict religious organisations even more strictly is needed. The JCP had proposed another bill to restrict religious organisations and therefore opposed the bills. Sayuri Ogawa, who was invited to spectate the parliamentary session when the bills were being passed, was grateful of the new laws to be made in such a tight schedule of the parliament, but she also stressed that there are still many challenges ahead [surrounding the UC and its victims] with the most pressing one being passing new bill protecting children from religious abuse; Lawyer Hiroshi Yamaguchi who represents Zenkoku Benren wished that there would have been more time to make a solid bill. He worried that under the new laws it would still be difficult to prove that the claimant's free will was being suppressed when accepting the transaction, also the definition of what allows the victim's child or spouse to demand restitution on behalf of their relative was too narrow to be practical.
Criticism on media integrity
While Japanese media outlets face accusations of vilification from the Unification Church after the assassination, they are also being criticised for their silence on the scandal before this incident. Le Figaro reported that in their initial reports about the suspect's motives, most Japanese news outlets were complicit in concealing the identity of the Unification Church, referring to it as a "specific religious organisation" (). Journalist Eito Suzuki criticised the Japanese mainstream media for failing to monitor the relationship between the church and politicians until this incident. This inability to address societal issues is being likened to the scandal involving J-pop giant Johnny Kitagawa, who was accused of sexually abusing his artists. The Kitagawa scandal only received extensive media attention in Japan after a BBC documentary on the matter was aired in March 2023. This subsequently led to several major news outlets, including NHK, issuing mea culpas in recognition of their years of silence that effectively allowed Kitagawa's sexual abuses to continue unabated.
Wake and funeral
In the afternoon of 11 July, Abe's casket was transported to the Zōjō Temple in Shiba Park of the Minato ward of Tokyo, where several feudal shoguns are buried. A wake for Abe began at 6:00p.m. Over 2,500 people attended, according to the LDP.
A Buddhist funeral for Abe took place at Zōjō Temple on the next day. The ceremony, conducted by priests from the Jōdō-shū tradition, was restricted to Abe's family and select others from the LDP. Following the funeral, Abe's casket was transported through the Nagatachō district with large crowds watching the procession from the pavements. The casket was driven past LDP headquarters, the National Diet Building and the Prime Minister's Office before being taken to Kirigaya Funeral Hall in the Shinagawa ward for a private funeral. During the funeral, Abe received a posthumous name that reflected his life on the political stage. A farewell ceremony has been planned for sometime after the funeral and the traditional 49-day mourning period. The location is planned to be within the Yamaguchi 4th district and within Tokyo.
On 12 August 2022, the UPF held an international conference in Seoul which was attended by foreign dignitaries such as Mike Pompeo, Newt Gingrich, and Stephen Harper. None of the dignitaries from Japan attended. Part of the venue was dedicated to giving a memorial service for Abe. While not attending personally, Donald Trump and Mike Pence's video messages were also played during the event. The event stated that Abe died while participating in a movement for peace.
State funeral
On 14 July 2022, six days after the assassination, the Kishida Cabinet formally decided a state funeral of Abe to be held on 27 September at the Nippon Budokan. The cost of the entire ceremony would be paid by the national coffer, drawn from the "annual contingency fund" which was meant for emergency situations like natural disasters. On 26 August, the cabinet approved a budget of 249.4 million yen (about in August 2022) which did not include the cost of security, but in an estimation announced by the cabinet on 6 September, the grand total of the actual cost with inclusion of security (800 million yen), hosting foreign dignitaries (600 million yen) and other miscellaneous cost (10 million yen) would be at least 1.66 billion yen. The cabinet made the decision without seeking consensus in the parliament, but attempted to convince the opposing lawmakers after they finalised the decision. Kishida insisted pushing forward the state funeral on the grounds of Abe being the longest serving prime minister of Japan, as well as his achievements on domestic affairs and foreign policies. On the other hand, Kishida reaffirmed that, similar to Yoshida's state funeral, the government would only plead with, but not mandate the public to mourn Abe during his state funeral.
There was one precedent of a state funeral for a post-war Japanese leader, Shigeru Yoshida, held in 1967 which cost 18 million yen in taxpayer funds. Originally the "State Funeral Decree" (国葬令) was enacted in 1926 by the end of Taisho period. Articles three and five stipulated that the "prime minister shall conduct a state funeral for any one who made exceptional contribution to the country not of the imperial family under the Emperor's decree". After the Second World War, the new Constitution of Japan went into effect in 1947, and the State Funeral Decree was declared null and void. Although the state funeral for Yoshida decided by the then Prime Minister Eisaku Satō lacked any constitutional basis, by that time, only the Japanese Communist Party opposed the decision. Post-war funerals for the Emperor of Japan, while technically following the custom of a state funeral, have been known as the "" since 1947.
Attendees
Kishida's determination to hold Abe's state funeral was described by the media as a form of "" to convey his will to inherit Abe's legacy domestically and internationally. However, when compared to the state funeral of Elizabeth II held on 19 September, one week before Abe's state funeral, the media pointed out that the foreign dignitaries attending Abe's funeral were less influential, comprising mostly former heads of state, and none of the incumbent leaders of the G7 attended. Nippon TV cited an anonymous government official who explained that many leaders who attended Elizabeth II's funeral were unsure if it was appropriate to conduct two consecutive trips abroad in such a short period of time. All-Nippon News cited another official who commented that there were almost no notable foreign dignitaries who could attend, and that Kishida was wrong for being overly optimistic of his "funeral diplomacy" plan. Among those who received but eventually turned down invitations were Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Joe Biden, Angela Merkel, and Emmanuel Macron. Justin Trudeau cancelled his schedule three days before the funeral as Hurricane Fiona, a category 4 tropical cyclone, was causing serious damage across Atlantic Canada.
Representatives from 218 foreign countries, regions and international organisations attended the funeral, which included heads of state and government as well as ambassadors and cabinet members.
On 20 September 2022, former Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan stated that he would not attend Abe's state funeral. Kan's predecessor, former Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama also did not attend Abe's state funeral.
Reactions to state funeral
The decision to hold a tax-funded state funeral was a radically different from the funerals for other post-war Japanese leaders, which had been jointly organised and funded by the Cabinet and the LDP. It was met with mixed reactions, as there was no legal founding that clarified eligibility or how a state funeral should be conducted. An injunction requesting a suspension to the Cabinet's decision and budget for the event had been filed at the district courts in Tokyo, Saitama, Yokohama and Osaka by civil groups on 21 July, which stated the lack of parliamentary approval and infringement of a constitutional right to freedom of belief. All these lawsuits were dismissed by all courts on 9 September. On 12 September, the (JCJ) issued an appeal letter in opposition to Abe's state funeral, citing unfavorable polling data of the state funeral across the news agencies. The letter condemned the 2015 Japanese military legislation (legalisation of Japan's right to collective self-defense), one of Abe's controversial legacies during his tenure, which was described by JCJ as destroying the Constitution and peace diplomacy of Japan, but Kishida attempted to praise such legacy via a state funeral paid by taxpayers' money. Anti-cult journalist Eito Suzuki expressed his concern that Abe's state funeral could be used by the Unification Church to lure more victims into their organisation because of Abe's overt endorsement of their leader Hak Ja Han. On 22 September, in a third press conference held by the Unification Church in response to the assassination and spiritual sales, they would announce their support for Abe's state funeral out of "tremendous respect" for Abe.
Opponents of the state funeral organised public rallies. One on 22 July, about 400 people gathered before the Prime Minister's Office. A second one on 16 August had more than a thousand people marching peacefully on the street of Shinjuku in Tokyo. A third one on 31 August organised by the opposition parties saw more than 2500 people protesting before the National Diet Building. On 19 September, two separate anti-state-funeral rallies occurred in Shibuya and Sapporo. On 21 September 2022, a man, believed to be in his 70s, set himself alight near the Prime Minister's Office, after apparently writing an anti-state funeral note.
On the day of the state funeral, about 20,000 police officers were deployed around Budokan to maintain law and order. About 3,000 opponents of the state funeral, led by opposing parties, marched from the Diet to Budokan. On their way, they clashed physically with proponents, while police officers attempted to separate the two parties outside of Budokan.
In the immediate aftermath of the shooting, many people were in favour of a state funeral, partly due to the shock. As the controversial relationships of the conservative ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the UC were revealed in an investigation, public opinion began to voice "opposition to state funerals". Koji Nakakita, a professor of political science at Hitotsubashi University, commented on the reason for the increase in public opinion against the state funeral, saying, "The biggest problem is the issue of the former Unification Church. When the shooting occurred, some people sympathized with it as 'blasphemy against democracy'. However, the tide turned sharply when the problems of the cult came to the surface." He pointed out that Abe and others had received cooperation from the cult during the national elections, commenting, "Was the former Unification Church used to win?"
Memorial
In the aftermath of the assassination, the Nara City government considered erecting a monument on the site where Abe was shot. After opposition from residents, the plans were abandoned, and an unmarked flowerbed that was part of an already planned redevelopment scheme of the area now serves as a de facto memorial. The exact spot of Abe's assassination is the middle of a newly repaved road that was opened for traffic in April 2023.
Misinformation
Video capturing the surrounding area of the assassination from the sky by the television station was widely shared online by conspiracy theorists as a proof of Abe's death by sniper rifle, instead of Yamagami's homemade gun, from the roof of the nearby shopping mall Sanwa City Saidaiji. The conspiracy theory claimed that there was a white tent spotted on the roof of the mall in the video, and that tent was used as a hideout by the sniper. The management company of Sanwa City Saidaiji clarified that the tent was set up for the purpose of cleaning the ventilation ducts, and denied the possibility that it could have been used by anyone without authorisation. A comedian admitted that he was responsible for spreading this conspiracy theory online. After receiving criticism, he published an apology video on YouTube.
Several media outlets misidentified the video game developer Hideo Kojima as the assassin. The misreporting allegedly stemmed from jokes on the online message board 4chan and Twitter that were taken as fact and subsequently published by the far-right French politician , the Greek news outlet ANT1, and the Iranian website Mashregh News. ANT1 additionally reported that the suspect was "passionate about Che Guevara". ANT1 uploaded the broadcast to its YouTube account, but later removed it. Rieu took down the original tweet and issued an apology. Kojima's company, Kojima Productions, condemned the false reports and threatened legal action against those perpetuating the rumour.
Some social media users also falsely claimed that a fabricated tweet by Abe, detailing supposed information that could incriminate Hillary Clinton, led to his death.
Copycat threats
Thirty minutes after the shooting, a threatening phone call was made to Matsuyama's office, where Abe had been initially scheduled to deliver a speech. A suspect was arrested on 9 July for making threats.
The Hyogo prefectural police are investigating a death threat and resignation demand for Akashi Mayor Fusaho Izumi, who previously served as an aide to the assassinated lawmaker Kōki Ishii.
Hours after the shooting, online assassination threats were made in Singapore and Taiwan against their respective leaders, Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong and Republic of China president Tsai Ing-wen. In Singapore, a 45-year-old man was arrested after his threats online were reported to the police. In Taiwan, the threat came from a 22-year-old man in Tainan, who was arrested at his home in Yongkang District.
Thailand additionally tightened security around its government officials and planned to increase security at the upcoming Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, due to be hosted in Bangkok on 17–18 November.
Reactions
Domestic
Incumbent prime minister Fumio Kishida called the assassination an "unforgivable act" and an "act of cowardly barbarism". Noting that Abe was shot while delivering a campaign speech, Kishida also denounced the assassination as an attack on Japan's democracy and vowed to defend a "free and fair election at all costs".
Before Abe's death was announced, Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike stated that "no matter the reason, such a heinous act is absolutely unforgivable. It is an affront against democracy." Kazuo Shii, chairman of the Japanese Communist Party, called the assassination "barbaric", an attack on free speech and an act of terrorism in a post to Twitter. Tomohiko Taniguchi, a former advisor to Abe, compared his death to the assassination of John F. Kennedy in terms of likely social impact in Japan.
Tomoaki Onizuka, head of Nara Prefecture Police, acknowledged security lapses at the political rally where Abe was killed, and pledged to identify and resolve the flaws, "It is undeniable that there were problems with the security for former prime minister Abe, and we will immediately identify the problems and take appropriate measures to resolve them".
On 11 July, Kishida's cabinet decided to award Abe Junior First Rank (), as well as the Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum and Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum () effective 8 July, making Abe the fourth former prime minister since Yasuhiro Nakasone to be conferred the Collar under the current Constitution.
International
In response to the shooting and Abe's subsequent death, representatives of numerous countries, including present and former world leaders, expressed their condolences.
Anthony Albanese, prime minister of Australia, said that Japan had emerged as "one of Australia's most like-minded partners in Asia" under Abe's leadership. Albanese also mentioned Abe's foreign policy contributions, adding that the "Quad and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership are in many ways the results of his diplomatic leadership". Albanese said that Abe's legacy was "one of global impact, and a profound and positive one for Australia". Landmarks in Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney and Perth were lit up in red and white, and flags were flown at half-mast on the day of the funeral.
National days of mourning were declared in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Cambodia, Cuba and Sri Lanka, with all countries flying their flags at half-mast on their respective days of mourning. In Bangladesh, a day of state mourning was declared for 9 July. Jair Bolsonaro, president of Brazil, ordered three days of national mourning in Brazil, which is home to the world's largest population of Japanese descent outside of Japan. Narendra Modi, prime minister of India, announced that India would observe a day of national mourning on 9 July; Modi's reaction was regarded by some as an extremely personal one compared to other world leaders particularly for his addressal of the former Prime Minister as "Abe-san" in his blog where he paid tributes. Nepal and Bhutan declared their respective days of mourning for 9 July. Cambodian prime minister Hun Sen announced 10 July as a day of national mourning with entertainment venues being closed for that day. Cuba observed a day of national mourning on 11 July. On 12 July, Sri Lanka observed a day of national mourning with its flag flown at half-mast on state buildings. While formal mourning days were not proclaimed in Thailand, the government did fly flags at half-mast on 8 July, and the Thai Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha paid a visit to the Japanese Embassy in Bangkok to pay respects in person.
United States President Joe Biden ordered flags of the United States to be flown at half-staff until 10 July 2022, and visited the Japanese embassy to sign a condolence book. Secretary of State Antony Blinken made an unscheduled stop in Tokyo per request from President Biden, en route from the G20 Summit to the US, then met with PM Kishida to offer condolences in person, and shared letters that President Biden had written to the Abe family. Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen cancelled her visit to the Port of Yokohama during her visit to Japan, which was scheduled prior to the assassination of Abe. Yellen, alongside the Ambassador to Japan Rahm Emanuel, attended Abe's wake at Zōjō Temple on 11 July. Back in the US, members of both the Democratic and Republican parties offered tributes to Abe.
The European Council released a photo and video library in memory of Abe, featuring the former prime minister's diplomatic interactions with leaders across the EU.
Israeli President Isaac Herzog paid tribute to Abe as "one of Japan's most preeminent leaders in modern times", noting that he had been "deeply impressed" by Abe's "leadership, vision and respect for Israel" during his visit to the Jewish state in 2018.
Releasing a joint statement, the leaders of the Quad nations of Australia, India, and the United States noted that the organisation would redouble its work towards "a peaceful and prosperous region" in honour of Abe. The White House noted that Abe played a formative role in the founding of the Quad partnership and worked tirelessly to advance a shared vision for a free and open Indo-Pacific. In his official statement regarding the assassination, Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau seconded the calls made by the Quad.
President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Tsai Ing-wen announced that the nation would observe a national day of mourning on 11 July, with the flag of Taiwan flown at half-mast. Taipei 101 was also illuminated in multiple messages mourning the death of Abe. Lai Ching-te, Taiwan Vice-president, visited Abe's residence as a special envoy of President Tsai to mourn Abe, along with Frank Hsieh, Taiwan's envoy to Japan, on 11 July. Lai became the highest-ranking Taiwanese official to visit Japan in 50 years after Japan severed its diplomatic relationship with Taiwan in 1972 in favour of China.
Individuals, non-governmental organisations and sports
The University of Southern California (USC) paid special condolences to Abe, who attended the university for three semesters studying English and Public Policy during a study abroad program. USC's president Carol Folt personally sent her own condolences.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) president, Thomas Bach, recognised Abe for being instrumental in securing the 2020 Summer Olympics for Tokyo before his tenure ended in 2020 as well as his "vision, determination and dependability" that enabled the IOC to make an unprecedented decision to postpone the Olympics by a year. The Olympic flag was flown in Lausanne at half-mast for three days.
Despite official condolences sent by the Chinese and South Korean governments, many Chinese and South Korean internet users were unsympathetic to Abe's death. This stemmed from grievances concerning historical colonialism and war crimes by Imperial Japan, and towards nationalist Japanese politicians including Abe who denied or questioned some accounts of the atrocities. In Japan, the assassination led to a renewed level of scrutiny of the ties between the Unification Church and the Liberal Democratic Party, with the newspaper Mainichi Shimbun running an editorial denouncing the LDP's ties to the organisation; anti-Unification Church slogans trended in Japan on social media platforms, and an online petition was launched seeking to deny Abe state honours due to his ties to the group. As of August 2022, approval for the Kishida government had fallen by 12%, and polling suggested that a majority of Japanese citizens were opposed to Abe being given a state funeral.
The UN Security Council paid tribute to Abe, saying, "He will be remembered as a staunch defender of multilateralism, respected leader, and supporter of the United Nations."
The American magazine Time unveiled the cover of its next issue, prominently featuring Abe's portrait in black and white. This was Abe's fourth time featured on the magazine, with Time writing Abe would be "remembered for remaking Japan".
See also
Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma
February 26 incident
Assassination of Itō Hirobumi
Saikazaki bombing
List of assassinations in Japan
Crime in Japan
Shūkyō nisei
Notes
References
2022 murders in Japan
2022 in Japanese politics
July 2022 events in Japan
July 2022 crimes in Asia
Assassinations in Japan
Deaths by firearm in Japan
Deaths by person in Japan
Filmed assassinations
Filmed killings in Asia
Unification Church controversies
History of Nara Prefecture
Nara, Nara
Assassination
Assassination of Shinzo Abe |
The first Hamon de Massey was the owner of the manors of Agden, Baguley, Bowdon, Dunham, Hale and Little Bollington after the Norman conquest of England (1066), taking over from the Saxon thegn Aelfward according to Domesday Book. His probable birthplace was La Ferté-Macé or Ferté de La Macé, a recently constructed fortress in Normandy. Hamon was made a baron by Hugh Lupus, by his right as Earl of Chester, from 1071.
The name of Hamon de Massey was passed on to his descendants for several generations. There are several different ways of spelling the name, including "de Masci", "de Mace", "de Macei", "de Mascy", "de Massy" and "de Massie". Later the name Baguley was adopted by the family as it was the site of their main property, and there are also many variations of this name.
References
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Anglo-Normans |
Sphingomonas insulae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil in Dokdo in Korea.
References
Further reading
<
External links
Type strain of Sphingomonas insulae at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
insulae
Bacteria described in 2008 |
Thor Lund (27 May 1921 in Aker – 16 June 1999) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Aust-Agder in 1969, and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1965–1969.
On the local level he was a member of Stokken municipal council from 1955 to 1961, serving as deputy mayor from 1959. Stokken was incorporated into Moland municipality, but Lund remained as a municipal council member from 1962 to 1975. He later returned to serve as mayor from 1983 to 1989. From 1962 to 1963 he was also a member of Aust-Agder county council. He chaired the local party chapter from 1954 to 1971 and 1982 to 1988.
Outside politics he worked as a firefighter in Oslo and a mechanic in Eydehavn. He was a member of various official boards and councils, serving on the board of Aust-Agder Sparebank from 1983 to 1984.
References
1921 births
1999 deaths
Members of the Storting
Mayors of places in Aust-Agder
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians |
```xml
import fs from 'fs';
import { URL } from 'url';
import { LogLevel } from '@stryker-mutator/api/core';
import { factory, LoggingServer, testInjector } from '@stryker-mutator/test-helpers';
import { expect } from 'chai';
import { CheckResult, CheckStatus } from '@stryker-mutator/api/check';
import { CheckerFacade, createCheckerFactory } from '../../../src/checker/index.js';
import { coreTokens } from '../../../src/di/index.js';
import { LoggingClientContext } from '../../../src/logging/index.js';
import { IdGenerator } from '../../../src/child-proxy/id-generator.js';
import { TwoTimesTheCharm } from './additional-checkers.js';
describe(`${createCheckerFactory.name} integration`, () => {
let createSut: () => CheckerFacade;
let loggingContext: LoggingClientContext;
let sut: CheckerFacade;
let loggingServer: LoggingServer;
let pluginModulePaths: string[];
function rmSync(fileName: string) {
if (fs.existsSync(fileName)) {
fs.unlinkSync(fileName);
}
}
beforeEach(async () => {
// Make sure there is a logging server listening
pluginModulePaths = [new URL('./additional-checkers.js', import.meta.url).toString()];
loggingServer = new LoggingServer();
const port = await loggingServer.listen();
loggingContext = { port, level: LogLevel.Trace };
createSut = testInjector.injector
.provideValue(coreTokens.loggingContext, loggingContext)
.provideValue(coreTokens.pluginModulePaths, pluginModulePaths)
.provideClass(coreTokens.workerIdGenerator, IdGenerator)
.injectFunction(createCheckerFactory);
});
afterEach(async () => {
await sut.dispose?.();
await loggingServer.dispose();
rmSync(TwoTimesTheCharm.COUNTER_FILE);
});
async function arrangeSut(name: string): Promise<void> {
testInjector.options.checkers = [name];
sut = createSut();
await sut.init?.();
}
it('should pass along the check result', async () => {
const mutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan({ mutant: factory.mutant({ id: '1' }) });
await arrangeSut('healthy');
const expected: CheckResult = { status: CheckStatus.Passed };
expect(await sut.check('healthy', [mutantRunPlan])).deep.eq([[mutantRunPlan, expected]]);
});
it('should reject when the checker behind rejects', async () => {
await arrangeSut('crashing');
await expect(sut.check('crashing', [factory.mutantRunPlan()])).rejectedWith('Always crashing');
});
it('should recover when the checker behind rejects', async () => {
const mutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan();
await fs.promises.writeFile(TwoTimesTheCharm.COUNTER_FILE, '0', 'utf-8');
await arrangeSut('two-times-the-charm');
const actual = await sut.check('two-times-the-charm', [mutantRunPlan]);
const expected: CheckResult = { status: CheckStatus.Passed };
expect(actual).deep.eq([[mutantRunPlan, expected]]);
});
it('should provide the nodeArgs', async () => {
// Arrange
const passingMutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan({ mutant: factory.mutant({ fileName: 'shouldProvideNodeArgs' }) });
const failingMutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan({ mutant: factory.mutant({ fileName: 'somethingElse' }) });
testInjector.options.checkerNodeArgs = ['--title=shouldProvideNodeArgs'];
// Act
await arrangeSut('verify-title');
const passed = await sut.check('verify-title', [passingMutantRunPlan]);
const failed = await sut.check('verify-title', [failingMutantRunPlan]);
// Assert
expect(passed).deep.eq([[passingMutantRunPlan, factory.checkResult({ status: CheckStatus.Passed })]]);
expect(failed).deep.eq([[failingMutantRunPlan, factory.checkResult({ status: CheckStatus.CompileError })]]);
});
});
``` |
Baron Claus-Detlof von Oertzen (13 April 1894 – 25 July 1991) was involved in the motor industry for most of his long life and is sometimes referred to as the “Father of Volkswagen of South Africa”.
During 1932, four motor manufacturers of Saxony in Germany, namely Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer, amalgamated under the pressures of the depressed German economy to form Auto Union. The new company’s four-ringed emblem, which von Oertzen suggested, can still be seen in the modern Audi logo. Baron von Oertzen, who had been in charge of sales at Wanderer, became sales director and chairman of the board of directors of Auto Union.
Von Oertzen wanted a showpiece project that would bring fame to his new firm. Together with Ferdinand Porsche and Hans Stuck (senior), one of Germany’s most successful racing drivers, they began work on a new “people’s car” and also a government-sponsored racing programme. Initially a sum of was pledged to Mercedes-Benz, but Dr. Porsche was able to convince the government that two programmes were better than one, and the would be split by the two competing firms. Mercedes-Benz was not pleased at this turn of events and a great rivalry began on the race circuits.
Von Oertzen became uneasy in pre-war Germany and in 1935 decided to relocate to South Africa. From 1936 he initiated the export of the DKW saloon car to South Africa and Australia and in 1937 he arranged for the Auto Union Grand Prix racing cars to be brought out to South Africa for promotional purposes. They competed in Cape Town and East London.
In addition to South Africa and Australia, von Oertzen also worked in Indonesia, where he and his wife, Irene, were interned in separate prison camps during the Second World War.
After the war, Volkswagen in Germany appointed him as their representative in South Africa. He was instrumental in the early stages of negotiations to bring Volkswagen to South Africa, and was present at the historic signing in 1951 of the agreement between SAMAD and Volkswagenwerk to assemble Volkswagens in Uitenhage. He became Chairman of SAMAD in 1956 when Volkswagenwerk took over a controlling interest in the company.
The first Kombi in South Africa, a gift to a German malaria researcher who had to traverse southern and central Africa, landed in Cape Town in December 1952. Soon afterwards, a second Kombi, fitted out as a hunting vehicle/ camper for Baron von Oertzen, arrived in Port Elizabeth. The owners tested both vehicles to their limits across the most inhospitable terrain. In 1956, Ben Pon, the Dutch Volkswagen dealer who could be regarded as the architect of the Kombi, visited South Africa as guest of von Oertzen. Being keen hunters, the men conducted several expeditions in von Oertzen’s Jagdwagen Kombi. (This vehicle still exists and can be seen in the new modern VWSA museum called the AutoPavilion, next to the factory entrance in Uitenhage).
Baroness von Oertzen in her later years divided her time between Johannesburg and Switzerland. She was a guest of honour at the opening of the AutoPavilion in 2004. She died in April, 2007
References
External links
Volkswagen South Africa official website
1894 births
1991 deaths
Barons of Germany
Volkswagen Group executives
People in the automobile industry
German emigrants to South Africa |
Thoothukudi macaroon (or Tuticorin) is a type of macaroon from the port town of Thoothukudi, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Traditional European macaroons are made from egg whites, sugar, and ground almonds. In Thoothukudi the almond was replaced with locally available cashew.
History
Thoothukudi macaroons are basically European macaroons Indianised in Thoothukudi. Macaroon originated in France and Italy but has made its way to different parts of the world. Many of these regions have modified the recipe by adding or modifying the ingredients. Some of the regions have added grated coconut to add a local flavour. In Thooththukkudi almond was replaced with the locally available cashew. The Portuguese introduced Macaroon in India. It came via Ceylon, now Sri Lanka and reached Thooththukkudi, a port town in extreme south India.
Method
Several bakeries in Thoothukudi manufacture the macaroon using the same century-old method. The process starts with the grinding of cashew nuts. The grinding is done in two batches. The first batch produces coarse cashew nut powder while the second batch produces a fine powder. The two types of paste adds to the texture and taste of the final product. The two types of cashew powder are mixed with ground sugar in an electric mixer. Meanwhile, the egg white is separated from the yolk and stored. Finally the egg white is mixed with the mixture of ground cashew nuts and sugar. This is done by hand. The process is known as folding and adds air in the mixture. This gives the final product a fluffy texture. Finally, the mixture is ready and is poured into pipping cones. The Thooththukkudi macaroon has a spiral cone-like appearance and resemblance more of modak than its European counterpart. It follows a slow baking process for six hours with a temperature of 152 °C.
References
cashew dishes
cookies
Indian cuisine
Tamil cuisine
Thoothukudi |
A catboat (alternate spelling: cat boat) is a sailboat with a single sail on a single mast set well forward in the bow of a very beamy and (usually) shallow draft hull. Typically they are gaff rigged, though Bermuda rig is also used. Most are fitted with a centreboard, although some have a keel. The hull can be long with a beam half as wide as the hull length at the waterline. The type is mainly found on that part of the Eastern seaboard of the USA from New Jersey to Massachusetts.
Advantages of this sail plan include the economies derived from a rig with a limited number of component parts. It is quick to hoist sail and get underway. The cat rig sails well to windward, especially in calmer water. As a working boat, the forward mast placement gave ample room in the cockpit for fishing gear. Cruising versions can provide a large usable cabin space in a relatively short hull.
Disadvantages of the rig include the limited deck space around the mast, which can be problematical when raising or lowering sail, or when reefing; halyards are often led back to the cockpit, so partially mitigating this problem. It is usually wise to reef early in a rising wind to avoid an excess of weather helm. The weight of the mast in the bow has to be allowed for in the hull design – if this is got wrong the bow may be "buried" when sailing downwind. The narrow beam where the mast is stepped makes it difficult to gain any benefit from shrouds, so the mast has to be stronger, and so heavier. Despite the simplicity of the rig, a good level of skill is required to design a balanced catboat, since there are limited options to correct any slight errors.
Some catboat one-design classes in current use include the Beetle Cat, the Redden Catboat, the Nonsuch, the Inland Cat, the Zijlsloep, the Cape Cod Cat, Com-Pac Trailerable, Marshall, Menger, and the APBY cat boat.
From the 1850s to the early 1900s catboats were the dominant inshore boat on the New England coast, both for work and for pleasure. They were used for fishing and coastal transportation. Their popularity declined in the commercial world where they were replaced by motorized boats. In boat racing the tendency was for larger sails, which favored other rigging styles.
A typical New England style has a very long boom that extends over the transom and may carry foresails stayed from a bowsprit.
History
Around the turn of the 20th century, catboats were adapted for racing, and long booms and gaffs, bowsprits and large jibs were fitted to capture as much wind as possible. The decline of racing and advent of small, efficient gasoline engines eliminated the need for large sail plans, and catboats today are used as pleasure craft for day sailing and cruising, and have the virtues of roominess, stability and simple handling.
It is generally accepted that the origin of the catboat type was in New York around 1840 and from there spread east and south as the virtues of the type — simplicity, ease of handling, shallow draft, large capacity — were discovered. Historically, they were used for fishing and transport in the coastal waters around Cape Cod, Narragansett Bay, New York and New Jersey. Some were fitted with bowsprits for swordfishing and others were used as 'party boats' with canvas-sided, wood-framed summer cabins that could be rolled up.
One of the most well-known catboats is the Beetle Cat daysailer. Fleets of these one-design boats are found in harbors all across New England, often competing in races. In the 1960s, Breck Marshall based his fiberglass Sanderling upon an existing, wooden design. The Sanderling has since become a very popular boat, with more than 700 built, and it has helped to rekindle interest in the catboat. To honor Marshall and his contribution to the type, the Catboat Association funded the construction of the Breck Marshall, a catboat built and berthed at Mystic Seaport.
Features
Designer Fenwick Williams summarized the original design philosophy as: “The ample beam made the use of stone ballast feasible … the high bow provided good support for the unstayed mast … the barn door rudder provided adequate strength … high coamings served to keep water out of the large open cockpit … side decks provided a handy ledge on which to set a lobster trap."
Modern catboat fans appreciate the catboat's traditional design and classic appearance and the features that make it a versatile recreational boat:
simplicity, large capacity, shallow draft, stability, and safety in a boat that is easy to sail.
Catboats in Europe
Great Britain and Ireland
In 1851, during the 'Great Exhibition' a Catboat called 'The Una' was put on display at The Serpentine, Hyde Park. She was seen by Dixon Kemp who was much impressed with her. After 'Una' sailed at Cowes, she impressed many of the sailors who built a fleet of them. After 1907 'Una' raced at the Upper Thames yacht Club.
In Bray, Co. Wicklow, south of Dublin a fleet of one-design catboats, in length and beam were designed and built in 1897, and they continued to race for several years at home and at local east coast regattas.
Gallery
See also
Beetle Cat, a small "daysailer" catboat
Nonsuch, a series of modern catboats
Inland Cat, , designed and built in Northern Indiana.
Snark sailboat, a lightweight, two-person catboat
References
Further reading
External links
World of Boats (EISCA) Collection ~ Cayman Islands Cat Boat
The Catboat Association a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving the history, and promoting the use, of catboats.
MengerCat.com a resource for information about Menger Catboats built between 1976 and 2005. Now owned and supported by Wagner Boat Works.
Selina II the largest surviving vintage catboat.
New England Beetle Cat Boat Association a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the maintenance, restoration, preservation and just plain sailing the Beetle Cat Boat.
"Catboat moments" an article about catboats in the August 2005 issue of Soundings Magazine.
Manufacturers
Mahone Bay Boatworks designer and builder of the Redden Catboat 14'. This wooden traditional 14' daysailer has mahogany decks, ash trim and spruce hull and spars.
Cape Cod Shipbuilding builders of fine sailboats for over 100 years.
Com-Pac Yachts Cat Boats builders of the trailerable catboats Picnic Cat, Sun Cat, and Horizon Cat.
Wagner Boat Works a manufacturer of traditionally-styled fiberglass catboats from 15 to long.
Marshall Marine Corporation a manufacturer of traditionally-styled fiberglass catboats from 15 to long.
Thompson Boatworks a manufacturer of 15- and long traditionally-styled fiberglass catboats. Now owned and supported by Wagner Boat Works.
Arey's Pond Boat Yard a manufacturer of traditionally-styled fiberglass catboats from 12 to long.
Beetle, Inc. manufacturer of the Beetle catboat.
Howard Boats manufacturer of the Barnstable catboat, a fiberglass version of the traditional wooden Beetle catboat.
External links
"Nine Lives: The Story of the Catboat" (documentary film, 50 min.)
Selina II, the largest vintage catboat
Sailing rigs and rigging
Sailboat types
Nautical terminology
Catboats |
Oowah Lake is a small lake located in the Manti-La Sal National Forest, in Utah. The Department of Wildlife Resources of Utah (DWR) stocks this reservoir with rainbow trout.
References
Lakes of Utah
Manti-La Sal National Forest |
Diana M. Vogel (1926–2013), known professionally as D. H. Melhem, was an American poet, novelist, and editor.
Life
She was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Nicholas Melhem and Georgette Deyrataui Melhem, both immigrants from Lebanon. She graduated from New York University cum laude and received her master's degree and a doctoral degree in English and American Literature from City College.
She was a longtime resident of New York City, where her two children were born and raised. Melhem moved to Long Beach, California, in 2012, and lived there until her death on June 15, 2013.
Melhem was a close personal friend of Pulitzer Prize-winning Poet Gwendolyn Brooks, about whom she wrote a biography, Gwendolyn Brooks: Poetry and the Heroic Voice.
Awards
1991 American Book Award
Works
Poetry
Poems for You (P&Q Press, 2000)
Of Country (CCC, 1998)
Novels
Anthologies
Long Island Island Sounds (NSPS Press)
Criticism
References
External links
"Author's website"
Writers from Brooklyn
New York University alumni
City College of New York alumni
CUNY Graduate Center alumni
American Book Award winners |
Amarna letter EA 153, titled Ships on Hold, is a short-length clay tablet letter from Abimilku of the island (at Amarna letters time) of city-state Tyre.
EA 153 is approximately tall x wide, (actually 3 1/16 x 2 1/16 inches), and has a missing flaked, lower right corner on its obverse affecting two lines of text. One line repeats "...King, Lord-mine...," allowing for only one line of more difficult restoration.
The letter shows a high-gloss surface on the clay tablet, and being a short letter, has only 5 to 8/9 cuneiform characters per line. It contains one special cuneiform sign for ship, MÁ, MÁ (ship Sumerogram), a sign used in both the Amarna letters, and the Epic of Gilgamesh. Also, the letter's scribe used mostly 'very-short' stroked, and 'fat-and-rounded' cuneiform strokes, instead of the more arrow-shaped, sharp, and linear strokes, . Since on EA 153, there are also distinct, medium-sized wedge strokes, (example "be" ) as well as L-shaped strokes (angled stylus), the scribe may have used 2 or more styluses.
The clay tablet letter is located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, no. 24.2.12.
The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 25? years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.
EA 153, obverse, bottom, and last lines
Moran's non-linear letter English language translation (translated from the French language):
(Lines 1-3)--[To] the king, my lord: [Mes]sage of Abimilku,1 your servant. I fall at your feet 7 times and 7 times. ( "7 and 7 times" )
(4-5)--I have carried out what the king, my lord, ordered.
(2 repeat sections, 3 lines each)
(6-8)--The entire land-("country-side") is afraid of the troops of the king, my lord.
(9-11)--I have had my men hold ships at the disposition of the troops of the king, my lord.
(12-16)--Whoever has disobeyed has no family, has nothing alive. Since I gua[rd the ci]ty of the king, [my] lo[rd],
(obverse-bottom & reverse)
(17-20)--m[y] s[afety] is the king's responsibility. [May he take cognizance] of his servant who is on his side.2--(obverse, bottom edge, and top of reverse, with lacunae restored, lines 1-20 complete)
EA 153, Akkadian text
The Akkadian language text, Metropolitan Museum of Art (Spar 1988).
Obverse
-(Line 1)--[ ana ] LUGAL EN-lí-ia
-(2)--[u]m-ma IIa-Bi-LUGAL [ ÌR ]-ka
-(3)--7 u 7 ana GÌR.MEŠ-ka am-qut
-(4)--ša i[q-b ]i LUGAL be-li-ia
-(5)--šu-[ ut ] e-te-pu-uš
-(6)--pal-ha-at gabbu
-(7)--KUR-ti ištu pānu
-(8)--(ÉRIN)ERIM.MEŠ LUGAL EN-lí-ia
-(9)--su-hi-iz-ti LÚ.MEŠ-ia
-(10)--GIŠMÁ.MEŠ ana pānu
-(11)--(ÉRIN)ERIM.MEŠ LUGAL be-li-ia
-(12)--ù ša la iš-te-mi
-(13)--iānu É-šu iānu
-(14)--bal-tá-šu an-nu-ú
-(15)--ana-an-ṣ[ár UR ] U(?)
-(16)--LUGAL be-[ li-ia
Lower Edge
-(17)--[ šu-ul ]-m[i]
-(18)--mu-hi LUGAL li-[[-[de]
Reverse
-(19)--ana ÌR-šu ša
-(20--itti-šu
See also
Tyre
Amarna letters–phrases and quotations
List of Amarna letters by size
Amarna letter EA 5, EA 9, EA 15, EA 19, EA 26, EA 27, EA 35, EA 38
EA 153, EA 161, EA 288, EA 364, EA 365, EA 367
References
Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, )
Spar, Ira. (1988) Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Tablets, Cones, and Bricks of the Third and Second Millennia B.C., Vol. 1., EA 153, pp. 150–151. (New York, 1988)
EA 153 photo gallery
External links
EA 153, obverse, showing high-gloss surface of clay tablet (Metropolitan Museum)
EA 153 description, characteristics at clay tablet letter location, Metropolitan Museum of Art (Clay tablet letter size: 3 1/16 X 2 1/16 in.)
Amarna letters
Ancient Lebanon
History of Tyre, Lebanon
Manuscripts of the Metropolitan Museum of Art |
The Nine Lives of Christmas is a 2014 American made-for-television romantic comedy film and Hallmark Channel original movie, written by Nancy Silvers, based on the book by Sheila Roberts. Directed by Mark Jean, it stars Brandon Routh and Kimberely Sustad. The film premiered on November 8, 2014, on the Hallmark Channel.
Plot
As a fireman, Zachary is always ready to help people, but since his parents' relationship was marked by conflict, he is opposed to commitments. He buys houses as an investment, fixes them up in his time off, and uses the profit he earns from selling them to invest in more properties. He likes dating and has been dating a model, but does not see how anyone could possibly know you are with someone you could commit to for life.
Marilee has a very romantic view of life, even though it has not worked out that way for her. She is responsible and very capable. She is also the owner of a cat named Queenie, even though the apartment complex where she lives has a strict, no-pet policy. Working her way through veterinary school, she has promised herself not to get involved with anyone until she has started her career. Zach comes across a homeless cat named Ambrose who has been cornered by a large dog. After he rescues the cat, the cat decides to move in with him, uninvited. Somehow the cats play a role in the two getting to know each other better.
Cast
Brandon Routh as Zachary Stone
Kimberley Sustad as Marilee White
Gregory Harrison as Chief Sam
Chelsea Hobbs as Blair
Stephanie Bennett as Jaclyn
Dallas Blake as Mark
Sean Tyson as Ray
Carey Feehan as Kyle
Nicole Fraissinet as Anna
Alison Araya as Lucy
Giles Panton as Craig
Jennifer Cheon Garcia as Sarah
Production
The film is based on the novel by the same name by Sheila Roberts. Brandon Routh and Kimberly Sustad were chosen to portray the film's leads, and Jim Head and Ted Bauman served as executive producers. Sustad has stated that her favorite part of the film was the last scene, as she felt that it was "that ‘Pretty Woman’ moment".
Release and reception
The movie was well received by its audience. The premiere for The Nine Lives of Christmas on November 8, 2014, on Hallmark garnered 3.4 million total viewers and reached 4.9 unduplicated viewers, based on Nielsen Company ratings for November 3 – 9, 2014. For its premier weekend The Nine Lives of Christmas coupled with the nearly as well viewed A Cookie Cutter Christmas shown the following night made the Hallmark Channel the most watched network both among households and in the demographic group of women 25-54. In addition, the network was rated the second most viewed cable network overall during that period. The movie had been the channel's most viewed film of the year up to that date. Hallmark has shown the film every year since. Seven years after its premiere, reviewer Sarabeth Pollock of Fansided noted it was still a fan favorite on many people's lists of holiday films to watch, confessing: "After all, there’s nothing better than the holidays, firemen, and cats."
Among critical reviewers the reception was more mixed. Being a Hallmark Christmas movie the story is confined within certain formulaic constraints. Oliver Buckley of Ready Steady Cut noted the plot was predictable and "schmaltzy, yes, but in a nice way." He went on to say he liked the cast, particularly the leads and the firehouse crew. "Brandon Routh is very watchable, and Susted is likeable and worked well with Routh and the cats." Overall he recommended the film, stating it was "actually quite a nice, relaxing watch". Blaire Erskine of The List rated the film among Hallmark's best holiday offerings. David Rapp, the senior Indie editor at Kirkus Reviews believed the movie's script was significantly better written then the book, and that actors Brandon Routh and Kimberely Sustad had infused their characters with considerably more interest then was present in the characters they were based upon. Rapp opined the Nancey Silvers screenplay offered a "master class" in how to write a good book adaptation. Blaire Erskine of The List rated the film among Hallmark's best holiday offerings. Parade magazine's Connie Wang listed The Nine Lives of Christmas as her "favorite Hallmark Channel holiday movie." The film was also given a positive mention by The New York Times. The film received particular attention from the cat lovers niche audience.
Sequel
In 2021 Hallmark released a sequel to the film, titled The Nine Kittens of Christmas. Routh and Sustad reprised their roles from the earlier film. The story picks up seven years later, after both leads have pursued their careers and moved in different directions. Marilee has been practicing veterinary medicine in Florida, and returns home to Oregon for a family function. Still living his bachelor's life, Zachery is now a captain. Preparing to leave town for a ski vacation, he discovers someone has left a box of kittens at his firehouse. Surprised by finding Marilee has returned to her home town, the two fall into working together to place the kittens in homes. Both have matured in the years gone by, and wonder what life would have been if they had made different choices when they were younger. The sequel premiered on November 25, 2021. Approximately fifteen kittens were brought in to perform in the movie. Filming took place at Fort Langley in the Langley Township, British Columbia. Sustad notes all the kittens were adopted by the crew. "Everyone has a … 'Nine Kittens of Christmas' cat. And it was so sweet. We fell in love with them. We were working with them every day." Working with kittens was challenging, but very memorable. "If Brandon and I totally fail at this sequel, the kittens are really cute and they make up for, seriously, whatever we might lack. It was mayhem. There are nine of them all the time running amok everywhere." The sequel premiered on November 25, 2021.
Tierney Bricker of E!Online ranked the sequel in the middle of the pack among Hallmark's thirty-one new Christmas movies for 2021. The reviewer felt the story line was a "whelming" B-plot, but she delighted in the "cute kittens and the welcome return of the easy breezy chemistry between Brandon Routh and Kimberly Sustad."
Further reading
References
External links
The Nine Lives of Christmas at Hallmark
Films directed by Mark Jean
2014 films |
The Curtiss-Wright CW-14, named variously Travel Air, Sportsman, Speedwing and Osprey is an American 3-seat open cockpit single-bay biplane from the 1930s that was developed by Travel Air as a replacement for the highly successful Travel Air 4000. As a result of the Great Depression, which also limited sales, Travel Air merged into the Curtiss-Wright group of companies before production could start, so all examples were built by Curtiss-Wright. Its main claim to fame would be as the most numerous aircraft used in the Chaco war, where it formed the backbone of the Bolivian Air Force.
Design and Development
Previous Travel Air biplanes had been designed under the direction of Walter Beech, however the 14 was designed by Fred Landgraff, whose previous design experience included the Rearwin Ken-Royce and Alexander Eaglerock biplanes – to which the new design owed more than it did to the Travel Air 4000/4 it was intended to replace. The handling of the aircraft reflected this, and it was described as being "no Travel Air".
One of the possible reasons for the difference in handling may be due to the airfoil chosen – previous Travel Air biplanes had used the Travel Air #1 airfoil section, while the CW-14 used the Navy N-9 section which was also used by the Beechcraft 17 Staggerwing, and the Vought UO, while the contemporary Curtiss-Wright CW-12 and CW-16 used a 15% Clark Y.
Wings were built around four solid spruce spars, used single piece web ribs and were fitted with Frise ailerons on the top wing only, which provided good low speed control while helping counteract adverse yaw. A plywood walkway was provided at the wing root on both sides, and the wing root was faired into the fuselage with a metal fillet. The external push-pull tubes connecting the ailerons on the upper wing to the torque tube in the lower wing on the Travel Airs was dispensed with and the control lines were run inside the struts. The main fuel tank was in the fuselage ahead of the passenger compartment, while a header tank was in the center section of the top wing. The empennage was built up from welded steel tubing, with the fin being ground adjustable for trim, and the elevators could be trimmed in flight. The B-14R & C-14R had rounded elevators of slightly reduced area.
The cabane struts more closely resembled the "//\" of the Eaglerock than they did the "N" struts of the Travel Airs, as did the fuselage's internal structure. The fuselage was constructed of welded chromium-molybdenum alloy steel tubes forming a Pratt truss buried in the lower of the oval section fuselage, which was faired with formers and battens to a nearly ideal form. Again, unlike that of the Travel Air, no bracing wires were used, instead diagonal metal bracing kept it square. The front cockpit seated two, which unlike the Travel Air 4000, lacked the door on the left side and the corresponding dip in the left longeron. A metal cover was provided to fair over the front cockpit when not in use and dual controls were an available option at additional cost. Room for baggage was provided with a large compartment behind the pilot and a small bin in the dashboard of the front cockpit. The radial engine was enclosed in a NACA cowling to reduce drag. Only two types of engines were offered – the unreliable Curtiss R-600 Challenger, which was to be used only in the prototype, and several variants of the Wright Whirlwind family, ranging from . The militarized C-14R had a large cutout in the trailing edge of the upper wing, redesigned cabane struts and it had the cockpit shifted forward to allow room for a gunner behind the pilot.
All surfaces aside from the aluminum panels on the top of the forward fuselage were covered in doped aircraft grade fabric.
The split axle undercarriage used oleo-pneumatic shock absorber struts, dispensing with the bungee cords used on previous Travel Airs. It rode on 8.00 x 10 low pressure tires and was equipped with brakes. Both tailwheels and tailskids were used. A spate of accidents in Bolivia, and the resulting complaints resulted in a redesigned, taller tailskid for the Bolivian examples.
The Bolivian military examples were fitted with bomb racks which were cleared to carry up to of bombs. These aircraft were also armed with a fixed forward firing synchronized machine gun provided with 500 rounds of ammunition, while the observer/gunner was provided with a flexible machine gun that could be moved between 7 different positions, although for bombing missions, the gunner was often left behind.
Operational history
Although intended as a replacement for the Travel Air 4000, the era of the three seat open cockpit biplane was ending, and the Great Depression was further dampening any sales prospects. The only significant civilian sale was to the Union Oil Company, whose order of two A-14Ds (msn 2006, NC12307 & 2007, NC12310) were only to replace their well-used Travel Air 4000s.
A single B-14B (msn 2010, NC12332) was retained by the Curtiss Flying Service, who mainly used it as a sales demonstrator.
The predecessor to the FAA, the Bureau of Air Commerce operated a single B-14B (msn 2011, NS1A, NC1A), and another was converted from a B-14B into the sole B-14R (msn 2003, NC12311) as a racing aircraft.
The armed militarized C-14R Osprey variants sold better, however aside from Bolivia which received 20, all of the remaining operators, which were in Latin America, operated them only in twos and threes.
Chaco War
Although the Bolivian C-14R Ospreys were the most widely used aircraft on either side in Chaco war, additional airframes were anticipated but were never delivered. The Ospreys that were delivered to Bolivia arrived in three batches, of 12, 6 and 3 aircraft, with the last aircraft in the third batch being seized by Chilean customs officers due to an embargo imposed by the United States. This had the effect of also cancelling a fourth order of 6 aircraft. The eventual whereabouts of the seized aircraft is unknown. Random serial numbers were assigned to all but the first couple of aircraft, which were lost in accidents before numbers could be assigned. Shortly after the last examples had been made operational, The Air Force reorganized its aircraft into units that were named for their most important type – and so the Osprey escuadrilla was formed.
The first operational flight was made on 2 January 1933 during the Bolivian attack on Nanawa, where they attacked Paraguayan troop concentrations, while the first aircraft to be shot down, by ground fire, during the war was an Osprey on 25 February 1933. The first air to air kill of the war was made in a Osprey by Rafael Pabón over a Paraguayan Potez 25TOE, but he would in turn be killed when his Osprey was shot down in flames on 12 August 1934 near Fort Florida. The Bolivians would later name the Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Pabón Airport in his honor.
An attack by six Ospreys on Puerto Casado on 27 April 1933 triggered protests from the Argentine government – that were reiterated when a solo flight by single Osprey dropped homemade propaganda leaflets on Concepcion in Paraguay. Argentina was at that time maintaining a position of neutrality while supplying Paraguay with equipment, but would have posed a serious threat to the Bolivians had they declared war. As it was, despite pilots flying Ospreys providing ample warning of Paraguayan movements, Commander Hans Kundt's failure to act during the Campo Vía pocket resulted in the greatest military defeat suffered by Bolivia, crippling their defences, and hastening the end of the war, to Paraguay's benefit.
By the time of the armistice in June 1935, only three of the 20 were known to still be operational between accidents and combat losses. Two remained operational in January 1940, and a unfulfilled request was sent to the US authorities for spares in 1945. The last example was still shown on the books as late as 1954, albeit no longer airworthy.
Variants
Data from Aerofiles, U.S. Civil Aircraft: Vol. 5,
and Curtiss Aircraft 1907-1947
CW-14C Travel Air 1931 (ATC 2-357) prototype with Curtiss R-600 Challenger radial engine. 1 built, later converted into an A-14D
CW-A-14D Sportsman Deluxe 1931 (ATC 442) Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind radial engine
CW-B-14B Speedwing 1932 (ATC 485) with Wright R-975E radial engine
CW-B-14D Speedwing 1 modified with Wright R-975-E radial engine
CW-B-14R (Racer) 1 built as a racer for Casey Lambert with Wright J-6-9 Whirlwind/SR-975 radial engine
CW-C-14B Osprey 1932 Military CW-B-14B with Wright J-6-9 Whirlwind radial engine
CW-C-14R Osprey Wright J-6-9 Whirlwind radial engine
CW-C-14B9 Alternate designation for C-14R
CW-17R Fighter development of Osprey, probably unbuilt.
CW-18D Unbuilt primary trainer development of Osprey with detail changes to be powered by Wright R-760E.
Operators
Civil
Casey Lambert had a B-14R that had been converted into a racer from a B-14B.
Bureau of Air Commerce operated one CW-B-14B
Curtiss Flying Service operated one CW-B-14B that was converted into a B14D.
Union Oil Company operated two CW-A-14Ds
Military
Servicio de Aviacion Militar operated one CW-A14D Speedwing in the 1930s
Fuerza Aerea Nacional de Bolivia and Fuerza Aerea Boliviana operated 20 CW-C-14R/C-14B-9 Bolivian Ospreys from 15 December 1933 to 1954
Aviacion Militar operated at least three CW-14 Ospreys from December 1932 to 1939
Fuerza Aerea del Ejercito Ecuatoriana operated two CW-14R Ospreys (sn 2014 & 2015) from August 1932 to 1936
Fuerza Aerea Ejercito de Salvador operated three CW-14 Ospreys (sns 2033, 2034 & 2035) from August 1933 to 1942
Sericio Aero Militar Venezolana operated two CW-14R Ospreys and one C-14B from August 1932 to 1938
Surviving aircraft
Four surviving examples are currently on the US civil register – fully half of those that were registered in the US, although not all are likely to be in airworthy, or even displayable condition. The sole displayed example is in storage following the demise of the Virginia Aviation Museum where it was displayed. None of the exported examples are known to have survived.
msn 2003 (NC12311) 1931 B-14-R is registered in Poplar Grove, Illinois and had been restored to flying condition.
msn 2008 (NC12323) 1931 A-14-D is registered in Fort Myers, Florida.
msn 2009 (NC12329) A-14-D is registered in Atlanta, Georgia, and is currently in storage pending the creation of a new museum to house it, and the rest of the Virginia Aviation Museum collection.
msn 2010 (NC12332) B-14-B is registered in Union City, Tennessee.
Specifications (Curtiss-Wright CW-B-14B Speedwing ATC # 485)
See also
1931 in aviation
Related
Curtiss-Wright CW-12 & 16
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Boeing Model 203
Bourdon/Viking Kittyhawk
Stearman 4
Related lists
List of attack aircraft
List of civil aircraft
List of Interwar military aircraft
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Video of CW-B-14R NC12311 being taxied past the camera.
Travel Air aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1931
1930s United States civil aircraft
1930s United States military trainer aircraft
Civil utility aircraft
Curtiss aircraft |
Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak (BHRO) is a nationally ranked, 1131 bed non-profit, acute care teaching hospital located in Royal Oak, Michigan, providing tertiary care and healthcare services to the Royal Oak region and Metro Detroit. Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak is the flagship facility of the Beaumont Health System. The hospital is affiliated with the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, as the primary teaching affiliate. The hospital is an American College of Surgeons verified Level 1 Adult and Level II Pediatric Trauma Center with an onsite helipad to transport critically ill patients from within the region.
The hospital is ranked on the U.S. News & World Report as the #2 best in Michigan after University of Michigan Hospital. It originally opened in January 1955.
History
The hospital was built on the site of what was once the Sharp family farm. Groundbreaking was on June 19, 1953. The hospital opened with 238 beds on January 24, 1955. It was formerly known as William Beaumont Hospital.
Beaumont Children's
Beaumont Children's, is an acute care children's hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan. It is affiliated with the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine and located within the larger Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak. The hospital consists of 101 pediatric beds and provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout the region. Beaumont Children's shares the onsite helipad for the attached Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak and is an ACS verified level II pediatric trauma center, one of the only ones in the region.
The hospital features a regional pediatric intensive-care unit and an American Academy of Pediatrics verified level III neonatal intensive care unit.
Beaumont Children's Hospital, now Beaumont Children's, was announced in 2009. Eighty-three sub-specialists, a 40-bed pediatric unit, eight-bed pediatric ICU and 64-bed NICU had been in place at Beaumont, Royal Oak since 2004. In 2008, Beaumont joined the Children's Hospital Association. Facilities include a dedicated specialty inpatient pediatric unit at Beaumont, Royal Oak and inpatient units at the Beaumont hospitals in Troy, Dearborn and Farmington Hills for children with less serious conditions. Specialty pediatric services including emergency care, hematology-oncology, gastroenterology, endocrinology, cardiology, neurology, newborn and pediatric intensive care, pediatric surgery and craniofacial surgery are available at outpatient locations throughout Metro Detroit.
Beaumont Children's cares for more than 100,000 pediatric emergency and after-hours visits every year and 17,000 babies are delivered each year as well. Beaumont Children's is a member of the Children's Hospital Association and the only Southeast Michigan affiliate of Children's Miracle Network Hospitals.
Heliport
William Beaumont Hospital Heliport is a heliport located in Royal Oak, Michigan, United States. It is operated by Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak of Beaumont Health. Currently there is only one helipad, made of concrete. The helipad is 66 feet square [20m x 20m] so only one helicopter can land or take off at one time. A second helipad is being added.
In 2012 Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak became the co-base of operation of Beaumont One an American Eurocopter EC135 helicopter. The helicopter is operated by PHI Air Medical. Beaumont One is co-based at 32MI - William Beaumont Hospital Heliport and KVLL - Oakland/Troy Airport in Troy, Michigan, United States.
Awards
The hospital is ranked nationally in 10 different adult specialties on the U.S. News & World Report and is ranked as the #2 best in Michigan after University of Michigan Hospital.
See also
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine
Beaumont Health
List of children's hospitals in the United States
List of trauma centers in the United States
References
External links
www.beaumont.org/services/childrens
Hospitals in Michigan
Hospitals established in 1955
Trauma centers
Children's hospitals in the United States
Pediatric trauma centers |
The 1921 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship was held in 1921 at Indian Hills. The team champion was Drake with a score of 684. It was also the first year of 36-hole medal play with the top four individual scores from each school counting towards the championship.
Team results
References
Big Ten Conference men's golf
Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship |
The 2018 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen as All-Big Ten Conference players for the 2018 Big Ten Conference football season. The conference recognizes two official All-Big Ten selectors: (1) the Big Ten conference coaches selected separate offensive and defensive units and named first-, second- and third-team players (the "Coaches" team); and (2) a panel of sports writers and broadcasters covering the Big Ten also selected offensive and defensive units and named first-, second- and third-team players (the "Media" team).
Offensive selections
Quarterbacks
Dwayne Haskins, Ohio State (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Trace McSorley, Penn State (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Shea Patterson, Michigan (Coaches-3)
David Blough, Purdue (Media-3)
Running backs
Karan Higdon, Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Jonathan Taylor, Wisconsin (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Miles Sanders, Penn State (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Anthony McFarland Jr., Maryland (Coaches-3; Media-2)
J. K. Dobbins, Ohio State (Coaches-2)
Reggie Corbin, Illinois (Coaches-3; Media-3)
Wide receivers
Rondale Moore, Purdue (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Parris Campbell, Ohio State (Coaches-1; Media-2)
Tyler Johnson, Minnesota (Coaches-2; Media-1)
Stanley Morgan Jr., Nebraska (Coaches-2; Media-2)
J. D. Spielman, Nebraska (Coaches-3; Media-3)
K. J. Hill, Ohio State (Media-3)
Donovan Peoples-Jones, Michigan (Coaches-3)
Centers
Tyler Biadasz, Wisconsin (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Michael Jordan, Ohio State (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Cesar Ruiz, Michigan (Coaches-3)
Keegan Render, Iowa (Media-3)
Guards
Beau Benzschawel, Wisconsin (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Michael Deiter, Wisconsin (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Ben Bredeson, Michigan (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Ross Reynolds, Iowa (Coaches-2; Media-3)
Connor McGovern, Penn State (Coaches-3; Media-3)
Nick Allegretti, Illinois (Media-2)
Demetrius Knox, Ohio State (Media-3)
Michael Onwenu, Michigan (Coaches-3)
Tackles
Isaiah Prince, Ohio State (Coaches-1; Media-1)
David Edwards, Wisconsin (Coaches-2; Media-1)
Jon Runyan Jr., Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-2)
Alaric Jackson, Iowa (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Ryan Bates, Penn State (Coaches-3; Media-3)
Damian Prince, Maryland (Media-3)
Rashawn Slater, Northwestern (Coaches-3)
Tight ends
Noah Fant, Iowa (Coaches-1; Media-2)
T. J. Hockenson, Iowa (Coaches-2; Media-1)
Zach Gentry, Michigan (Coaches-3)
Brycen Hopkins, Purdue (Media-3)
Defensive selections
Defensive linemen
Chase Winovich, Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Kenny Willekes, Michigan State (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Rashan Gary, Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-2)
Dre'Mont Jones, Ohio State (Coaches-1; Media-2)
A. J. Epenesa, Iowa (Coaches-2; Media-1)
Yetur Gross-Matos, Penn State (Coaches-3; Media-1)
Carter Coughlin, Minnesota (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Joe Gaziano, Northwestern (Coaches-2; Media-3)
Anthony Nelson, Iowa (Coaches-3; Media-2)
Chase Young, Ohio State (Coaches-2; Media-3)
Shareef Miller, Penn State (Coaches-3; Media-3)
Raequan Williams, Michigan State (Coaches-3; Media-3)
Linebackers
Devin Bush, Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Joe Bachie, Michigan State (Coaches-1; Media-2)
T. J. Edwards, Wisconsin (Coaches-2; Media-1)
Paddy Fisher, Northwestern (Coaches-1; Media-2)
Tre Watson, Maryland (Coaches-2; Media-1)
Markus Bailey, Purdue (Coaches-2; Media-3)
Blake Cashman, Minnesota (Coaches-3; Media-2)
Mohamed Barry, Nebraska (Media-3)
Ryan Connelly, Wisconsin (Coaches-3)
Blake Gallagher, Northwestern (Media-3)
Andrew Van Ginkel, Wisconsin (Coaches-3)
Defensive backs
Amani Hooker, Iowa (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Lavert Hill, Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Amani Oruwariye, Penn State (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Montre Hartage, Northwestern (Coaches-3; Media-1)
David Long, Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-3)
Justin Layne, Michigan State (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Josh Metellus, Michigan (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Darnell Savage, Maryland (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Antoine Brooks, Maryland (Coaches-2)
Jordan Fuller, Ohio State (Media-2)
Dicaprio Bootle, Nebraska (Coaches-3; Media-3)
D'Cota Dixon, Wisconsin (Coaches-3; Media-3)
David Dowell, Michigan State (Coaches-3)
Khari Willis, Michigan State (Media-3)
Special teams
Kickers
Matt Coghlin, Michigan State (Coaches-3; Media-1)
Chase McLaughlin, Illinois (Coaches-1; Media-2)
Logan Justus, Indiana (Coaches-2; Media-3)
Punters
Will Hart, Michigan (Coaches-1; Media-1)
Drue Chrisman, Ohio State (Coaches-2; Media-2)
Blake Hayes, Illinois (Media-3)
Joe Schopper, Purdue (Coaches-3)
Return specialist
Rondale Moore, Purdue (Coaches-1; Media-2)
Ihmir Smith-Marsette, Iowa (Coaches-2; Media-1)
Donovan Peoples-Jones, Michigan (Coaches-3; Media-3)
Key
See also
2018 College Football All-America Team
References
All-Big Ten Conference
All-Big Ten Conference football teams |
UFC on Fuel TV: Barão vs. McDonald (also known as UFC on Fuel TV 7) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on February 16, 2013, at Wembley Arena in London, United Kingdom.
Background
Dennis Siver was expected to face Cub Swanson at the event; however, Siver was forced out of the bout, and was replaced by Dustin Poirier.
Justin Edwards was expected to face Gunnar Nelson at the event; however, Edwards was forced to pull out of the bout citing an injury, and was replaced by returning veteran Jorge Santiago.
Results
Bonus Awards
Fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses.
Fight of the Night: Tom Watson vs. Stanislav Nedkov
Knockout of the Night: Tom Watson
Submission of the Night: Renan Barão
See also
List of UFC events
2013 in UFC
References
UFC on Fuel TV
2013 in mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts in the United Kingdom
Sport in the London Borough of Brent
2013 in English sport
Events in London |
Ann Ward (1715/16 – 10 April 1789) was a British printer and business owner.
Biography
Little is known about Ann's early life, save that she married a York printer, Caesar Ward, in 1738. Caesar, and his brother-in-law Richard Chandler bought the York Courant newspaper. Chandler committed suicide in 1744 and Caesar Ward was declared bankrupt in 1744. When Caesar died in 1759, the paper passed to Ann Ward and she continued to run it until her death in 1789. in York, the Wards owned a book shop above the Black Swan pub in Coney Street and the printers was based off Coney Street in a former bagnio in Leopard's Yard. Ann Ward worked with the printer David Russell, who became a part-owner of the business but his name did not appear on publications. Ann bought back Russel's share in the company in 1787 so she could pass the whole business to her son-in-law George Peacock.
As a printer, Ann is best known for her role in the publication of the first edition of Laurence Sterne's The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman in 1760. Sterne had originally approached Robert Dodsley in London to print the book, but after a disagreement he took it to Ward in York. "The Book shall be printed here", Sterne wrote to Dodsley in October 1759.
Ward also printed other important publications. The first guide book to the city of York was printed by Ward in 1787. It was a 32-page volume detailing York's public buildings and a directory of principal merchants and tradespeople in the city. Ward also issued a two volume history of York Minster detailing the site and its clergy based on the 1737 Eboracum by Francis Drake. In 1779 Ward published a book of poems by William Mason. An 18th-century short-title catalogue records almost a hundred titles printed by Ann Ward.
References
1710s births
1789 deaths
People from York
Women printers
British printers
18th-century English businesswomen |
Framingham Earl is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is located north-west of Loddon and south-east of Norwich.
History
Framingham Earl's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old English for the village or homestead of Fram's people. The addition of 'Earl' was added due to the fact the village was traditionally part of the estates of the Earl of Norfolk.
Framingham Earl has been identified as the site of possible Roman settlement due to the discovery of coins, pottery, tiles and bricks during an excavation of a new gas pipeline in 1992.
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Framingham Earl is listed alongside Framingham Pigot as a settlement of 61 households in the hundred of Henstead. At the time the villages were divided between the East Anglian estates of King William I, Bishop Odo of Bayeux, Roger Bigod and Godric the Steward.
Geography
According to the 2011 Census, Framingham Earl has a population of 871 residents living in 374 households. Furthermore, the Parish of Framingham Earl has a total area of .
Framingham Earl falls within the constituency of South Norfolk and is represented at Parliament by Richard Bacon MP of the Conservative Party. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of South Norfolk.
St. Andrew's Church
Framingham Earl's parish church is dedicated to Saint Andrew and is one of Norfolk's 124 remaining Anglo-Saxon round-tower churches. The church tower dates from the Eleventh Century with the chancel being an earlier survival, the interior features rare surviving Medieval stained-glass depicting Saint Margaret and Saint Catherine.
Amenities
Framingham Earl High School is located within the village and operates as part of the Sapientia Education Trust. The school has a student body of around 800 and was rated as a 'Good' school in 2014 by Ofsted, a decision which was upheld in 2022. The school shares its site with a Sports Centre which opened in 2006 and offers exercise classes and sports to the local community. The centre is currently under the management of South Norfolk Council.
Notable Residents
W. G. Sebald (1944-2001)- German writer and academic, buried in St. Andrew's Churchyard
War Memorial
Framingham Earl's war memorial takes the form of a marble plaque with a carved wooden border, located inside St. Thomas' Church. The memorial lists the following names for the First World War:
L-Cpl. Henry Meadows (d.1916), 8th Bn., Royal Norfolk Regiment
Pvt. F. Norman Watkinson (1897-1917), 9th Bn., Royal Norfolk Regt.
James Clare
William Smith
References
External links
Parish Council website
St Andrew's on the European Round Tower Churches Website
Framingham Earl High School
Friends of St Andrew's Church
Villages in Norfolk
South Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk |
Highland University (sometimes called "Highland College") was an institution of higher learning located in Highland, Kansas, United States. It was established for the Sac and Fox Nation under the Presbyterian church Origins of the school date back to 1837. Highland Community College claims that its roots date back to this university, and thus to be "the first college in Kansas."
In the late 19th century, the noted scientist, botanist, educator, and inventor George Washington Carver was accepted at Highland College. When he arrived, however, they refused to let him attend because of his race.
References
Education in Doniphan County, Kansas
Defunct private universities and colleges in Kansas
1837 establishments in Indian Territory
Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska |
```c++
//
// Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for most recent version including documentation.
#ifndef BOOST_TT_HAS_GREATER_EQUAL_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_TT_HAS_GREATER_EQUAL_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_TT_TRAIT_NAME has_greater_equal
#define BOOST_TT_TRAIT_OP >=
#define BOOST_TT_FORBIDDEN_IF\
(\
/* Lhs==pointer and Rhs==fundamental */\
(\
::boost::is_pointer< Lhs_noref >::value && \
::boost::is_fundamental< Rhs_nocv >::value\
) || \
/* Rhs==pointer and Lhs==fundamental */\
(\
::boost::is_pointer< Rhs_noref >::value && \
::boost::is_fundamental< Lhs_nocv >::value\
) || \
/* Lhs==pointer and Rhs==pointer and Lhs!=base(Rhs) and Rhs!=base(Lhs) and Lhs!=void* and Rhs!=void* */\
(\
::boost::is_pointer< Lhs_noref >::value && \
::boost::is_pointer< Rhs_noref >::value && \
(! \
( \
::boost::is_base_of< Lhs_noptr, Rhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_base_of< Rhs_noptr, Lhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_same< Lhs_noptr, Rhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_void< Lhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_void< Rhs_noptr >::value\
)\
)\
) || \
(\
::boost::type_traits_detail::is_likely_stateless_lambda<Lhs_noref>::value\
)\
)
#include <boost/type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp>
#undef BOOST_TT_TRAIT_NAME
#undef BOOST_TT_TRAIT_OP
#undef BOOST_TT_FORBIDDEN_IF
#endif
``` |
The Beloften Eredivisie (; "Promised Honor Division") was the highest football league for reserve teams in the Netherlands organized by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB). The league was founded in 1992 as Reserve Teams Eredivisie and this name was in use until the 2000–01 season. The second teams are called beloften teams.
Until the 2009–10 season the league champion, as well as the KNVB Reserve Cup winner, was awarded a ticket for the regular KNVB Cup but the reserve teams were disbanded from the KNVB Cup. A Super Cup was installed instead. There was no promotion and the team finishing at the bottom of the table was relegated to the Beloften Eerste Divisie. The competition was a stand-alone competition and was not incorporated in the Dutch professional or amateur league structure. In recent years there was less interest in the competitions. A lot of teams merged their youth programs and brought joined team into the beloften leagues. The 2012–13 season also saw a big change to the format: the best 3 teams of that season were allowed to promote to the Eerste Divisie. As a result, the reserve teams of PSV Eindhoven, Ajax and FC Twente left the Beloften Eredivisie and played in the aforementioned Eerste Divisie.
The Beloften Eredivisie was dissolved in 2016. The 11 teams that competed in the 2015–16 season were integrated into the league pyramid and assigned to three leagues below the Eredivisie based on points, as indicated in the table below.
1 Formerly Brabant United.
2 Since the three best clubs were preferred for Saturday, Achilles was assigned to play on Sunday.
Key
Champions
1992 SC Heerenveen 2
1993 Vitesse 2
1994 Ajax 2
1995 Sparta Rotterdam 2
1996 Ajax 2
1997 PSV 2
1998 Ajax 2
1999 De Graafschap 2
2000 PSV 2
2001 Ajax 2
2002 Jong Ajax
2003 Jong SC Heerenveen
2004 Jong Ajax
2005 Jong Ajax
2006 Jong AZ
2007 Jong SC Heerenveen
2008 Jong FC Twente
2009 Jong Ajax
2010 Jong PSV
2011 Jong PSV
2012 Jong FC Twente
2013 Jong SC Heerenveen
2014 Jong Feyenoord/Excelsior
2015 Jong Vitesse
2016 Jong FC Utrecht
Sports leagues established in 1992
Sports leagues disestablished in 2016
Neth
Defunct football leagues in the Netherlands
1992 establishments in the Netherlands
2016 disestablishments in the Netherlands |
The 1943 rubber strike was a five-day strike from May 21-26 of nearly 50,000 rubber workers affiliated with the United Rubber Workers of America in U.S. state of Ohio. Centered on the city of Akron, 49,300 workers at the Firestone, General, Goodrich, and Goodyear companies went on strike. which contravened the "no-strike pledge" given to the government at the outbreak of World War II by leaders of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. On May 26, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent union leaders a telegram describing the strike as "a defiance of the War Labor Board, a challenge to Government by law, and a blow against the effective prosecution of the war." Strikers returned to work the following day.
See also
1936 Akron rubber strike
References
Labor disputes in Ohio
Transportation labor disputes in the United States
History of Akron, Ohio
1943 in Ohio
1943 labor disputes and strikes
Rubber industry
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum and Plastic Workers of America |
Howard Margolis (1932 – April 29, 2009) was an American social scientist. He earned a BA in Government from Harvard University in 1953 and a PhD in Political Science from MIT in 1979. From 1990 to 2009, he was on the faculty of the University of Chicago and taught as well at the University of Chicago's Harris School of Public Policy Studies.
His work on social theory focuses on individual choice and judgments shaping aggregate social outcomes and involved mathematical modeling. Margolis also published extensively on cognition, public policy, and the history of science.
Bibliography
Margolis, Howard (2007). Cognition and Extended Rational Choice. New York: Routledge.
Margolis, Howard (2002). It Started with Copernicus: How Turning the World Inside Out Led to the Scientific Revolution. McGraw-Hill.
Margolis, Howard (1996). Dealing with Risk: Why Expert and Lay Intuition Conflict, and What Might Be Done about It'. University of Chicago Press.
Margolis, Howard (1993). Paradigms and Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Belief. University of Chicago Press.
Margolis, Howard (1987). Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition: A Theory of Judgment. University of Chicago Press.
Margolis, Howard (1982). Selfishness, Altruism, and Rationality: A Theory of Social Choice''. Cambridge Press.
References
1932 births
2009 deaths
American social scientists
Harvard University alumni
University of Chicago faculty
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni |
Kallithea (, before 1955: Σαρπί - Sarpi) is a village in the Greek island of Lemnos, part of the municipal unit Nea Koutali. In 2019 its population was 227. The village has drawn criticism worldwide for its various hazing incidents, such as the 2017 death of 12 year old Krystas Mitroglou.
Population
Geography
Kallithea is situated in the central part of the island of Lemnos, west of the Gulf of Moudros. It is amphitheatrically built on a low hill 800 m from the Gulf. Due to its panoramic location, it was renamed to Kallithea ("nice view") in 1955. It is 1 km southeast of Livadochori, 1 km northeast of Nea Koutali, 6 km northwest of Moudros and 12 km east of Myrina. The Lemnos International Airport is 2 km northeast.
History
The village was mentioned as Sarpin in a census document of the Great Lavra monastery in 1361. Although the name was perceived as Turkish in the 1950s, it actually predates the Ottoman era. This may be one of the few Mycenaean names that survive in Lemnos, meaning "wooden house".
Formerly, the village was built more to the east, on the Agios Georgios Bay. Due to pirate attacks and other risks of its low location, its residents were forced to resettle, probably in the 18th century. It had 66 men in 1856 who paid 1,058 piastres to avoid conscription. 50 families lived in the village in 1863 and 55 in 1874. In the same year it had 63 houses and was part of the municipality (koli) of Kondia. The village had a representative in the Lemnos provincial council.
The Sarpi Paleologiki School was opened in 1868, the first school on the island outside the capital. It was funded by Doukas Palaiologos (1790–1870), a descendant of a family of captains from Sarpi who had an insurance firm in England. His firm paid for the school until 1896. It became a community school in 1900.
Sarpi finally joined Greece in 1913 after the Balkan Wars. It became an independent community in 1918. In the interwar years, it saw a small growth. It recorded 381 inhabitants in 1928, most of these work in agriculture, livestock farming, fishing and orchards. After the Second World War, its population declined due to internal and external emigration. Its population was 399 in 1951, fell to 203 in 1981 and has more or less stabilised since then.
See also
List of settlements in the Lemnos regional unit
Sources
Tourptsoglou-Stefanidou Vassiliki, Voyages and Geographical Sources From Lemnos Island (15th-20th Centuries) (Ταξιδιωτικά και γεωγραφικά κείμενα για τη νήσο Λήμνο (15ος-20ος αιώνας))
Belitsos, Theodoros, Lemnos and its villages, 1994.
Lemnos Province CD ROM (Cdrom Επαρχείου Λήμνου): Lovable Lemnos
L. Veliaroutis I Kallithea (Sarpi) Limnou and its Paleologiki School 2007
External links
Kallithea at the GTP Travel Pages
References
Populated places in Lemnos
Nea Koutali |
Liviu Alexandru Dumitrescu (born 10 May 1988, Ploieşti) is a Romanian sprint canoeist who has competed since the late 2000s. He won two gold medals at the 2010 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Poznań, earning them in the C-2 500 m and C-2 1000 m events. He has since won two more, in the C-2 500 m in 2011 and the C-2 1000 m in 2014.
References
External links
Living people
Romanian male canoeists
Canoeists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic canoeists for Romania
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in Canadian
1988 births
Sportspeople from Ploiești
Canoeists at the 2015 European Games
European Games competitors for Romania
20th-century Romanian people
21st-century Romanian people |
The NEPAD African Western and Southern Networks of Centres of Excellence in Water Sciences are international collaborations between teams of researchers working in different parts of southern and western Africa on the economic development of local water resources. The southern network of nine centres is coordinated from the University of Stellenbosch in Cape Town, South Africa, the western network of five centres from the University of Cheikh Anta Diop in Dakar, Senegal.
Definition of Centre of Excellence by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Centres of Excellence are physical or virtual centres focused on specific issues. They concentrate on existing capabilities and resources to encourage collaboration across disciplines and across organisations on long term programmes and projects directly relevant to human needs and aspirations. By definition, Centres of Excellence are widely known for their work.
Framework of the initiative
The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) "explicitly recognizes that Africa’s economic renewal and sustainable development will not be achieved without effective and efficient research and development (R&D) institutions.” NEPAD, therefore, launched a programme specifically to identify and reinforce R&D capacities in Africa through building regional networks of Centres of Excellence in water sciences. The program is in line with Africa's Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action (CPA). The specific goals for water sciences (p. 28 of the CPA) are:
to improve conservation and utilization of the continent's water resources;
to improve the quality and the quantity of water available to rural and urban households;
to strengthen national and regional capacities for water resources management and reduce impacts of water related disasters; and
to enlarge the range of technologies for water supply and improve access to affordable quality water.
Calls of interest were launched and proposals evaluated in both the Southern African and Western African regions to identify and appoint Centres of Excellences in water sciences. Two regional networks were set up in 2009. The existing networks may be further expanded.
Southern African Centres of Excellence network
Coordinator of the network is the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Actual members of the southern African network
Stellenbosch University (South Africa)
International Center for Water Economics and Governance in Africa (Mozambique)
KwaZulu-Natal University (South Africa)
Western Cape University (South Africa)
University of Malawi (Malawi)
University of Zambia (Zambia)
University of Botswana (Botswana)
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa)
Polytechnic of Namibia (Namibia)
Western African Centres of Excellence network
The coordinator is the Doctoral School on Water of the University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal.
Actual members of the western African network
University of Cheikh Anta Diop (Senegal)
International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (Burkina)
University of Benin (Nigeria)
National Water Resources Institute (Nigeria)
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (Ghana)
References
External links
Southern Network
Western Network
Scientific organizations based in Africa |
Sack Slap is a slang term for a game where a participant attacks, by slapping, tapping, punching, kicking, elbowing, twisting, or backhanding a victim's testicles. The term derived from 'sack', slang that refers to the scrotum, and the activity is a form of groin attack. This sociological manifestation of bullying can result in severe testicular injury that may require amputation as the only form of treatment. A reported increased popularity of sack tapping, fueled in part by YouTube videos, and the subsequent increase in hospitalization has concerned parents and urologists. It is also called "nut tag", "bag tag", "sack whack", "bell flicking" and "roshambo", the last name coming from an episode of South Park that featured the practice.
Sociological impact
In 2010, a participant lost a testicle caused by physical trauma that resulted from a sack tapping assault at school. ABC News' chief medical correspondent Dr. Tim Johnson commented, "the trend isn't restricted to Minnesota", and has "gotten out of control" as per Dr. Scott Wheeler. Dr. Wheeler, a urologist in Minnesota, has seen an increase of hospitalization caused by "sack tapping" incidents, and commented that criminal charges could be filed against the attacker as a result of the one instance. The casualty survived the surgery and can function normally with one testicle. The casualty's mother saw "what he went through every day" and withdrew his enrollment from school. "Sack tapping" has grown into a more dangerous game that can result in greater injuries. Dr. Wheeler recommend that parents warn their children of the dangers of "sack tapping".
Jack Shafer, writing in Slate magazine in 2010, commented that despite the media describing sack tapping as "the latest dangerous craze", the practice was not new and had existed for some time, and the recent focus was simply "sensationalist journalism". He claimed to have been "taking shots to my crown jewels when I was a 1960s teenager", adding that the term had been listed in the Urban Dictionary since February 2003. He noted that urologists were not polled regarding an increase in such injuries, and were only asked to confirm that such injured were common.
See also
Nutcracker syndrome
School bullying
Testicular torsion
Testicular trauma
Youth subculture
References
Harassment and bullying
2000s fads and trends
Problem behavior
Violence against men |
The following are the national records in Olympic weightlifting in Chinese Taipei. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts by the Chinese Taipei Weightlifting Association (CTWA).
Current records
Key to tables:
Men
Women
Historical records
Men (1998–2018)
Women (1998–2018)
References
General
Taiwanese records
Specific
External links
CTWA web site
CTWA records page
records
Taiwan
Olympic weightlifting
weightlifting |
is a Japanese historical drama television series starring Jun Matsumoto as Tokugawa Ieyasu. The series is the 62nd NHK taiga drama.
Cast
Starring role
Jun Matsumoto as Tokugawa Ieyasu
Waku Kawaguchi as Matsudaira Takechiyo (young Ieyasu)
Tokugawa clan
Kasumi Arimura as Sena, Ieyasu's first wife
Seiko Utsumi as Sena's double
Nanako Matsushima as Odai no Kata, Ieyasu's mother
Kisuke Iida as Matsudaira Hirotada, Ieyasu's father
Kanata Hosoda as Matsudaira Nobuyasu
Mahoro Terajima as Takechiyo (young Nobuyasu)
Shiori Kubo (Nogizaka46) as Gotoku
Natsuki Matsuoka as young Gotoku
Ami Touma as Kamehime
Honoka Yoshida as young Kamehime
Alice Hirose as Lady Oai
Yūtarō Iisaku as Saigō Yoshikatsu
Win Morisaki as Tokugawa Hidetada
Rihito Shigematsu as Chōmaru (young Hidetada)
Maiko as Gō
Yūka as young Gō
Aoto Ichimura as Fukumatsu
Takumi Kizu as Yūki Hideyasu
Ryūsei Iwata as Ogii (young Hideyasu)
Yutaka Matsushige as Ishikawa Kazumasa
Tae Kimura as Nabe, Kazumasa's wife
The Four Heavenly Kings of the Tokugawa
Nao Ōmori as Sakai Tadatsugu
Yuki Yamada as Honda Tadakatsu
Yosuke Sugino as Sakakibara Yasumasa
Rihito Itagaki as Ii Naomasa
Kenichi Matsuyama as Honda Masanobu
Yūki Inoue as Honda Masazumi
Issey Ogata as Torii Tadayoshi
Takuma Oto'o as Torii Mototada
Kotone Furukawa as Mochizuki Chiyo, a Kunoichi and a retainer of Takeda Clan, who later became Mototada's second wife
Shinya Kote as Ōkubo Tadayo
Dai Okabe (Hanako) as Hiraiwa Chikayoshi
Takayuki Yamada as Hattori Hanzō
Masahiro Kōmoto as Natsume Yoshinobu, a.k.a. Natsume Hirotsugu
Kazuki Namioka as Honda Tadazane
Subaru Kimura as Watanabe Moritsuna
Tetsuya Chiba as Ōnezumi
Marika Matsumoto as Onna-ōnezumi
Kazuo Kawabata as Anaguma
Tsubaki Nekoze as Toyo
Kana Kita as Oyō
Asahi Seino as Ofū
Shuri Nakamura as Miyo
Rena Matsui as Oman
Katsuya Maiguma as Ōoka Yashirō
Kenta Nitta as Ban Yoshichirō
Takato Yonemoto as Yamada Hachizō
Wakana Matsumoto as Lady Acha
Tatsumasa Murasame as William Adams, a.k.a. Miura Anjin
Takeshi Nadagi as Ina Tadatsugu
Ryōsei Tayama as Konchi'in Sūden
Tetsuo (Waraimeshi) as Hayashi Razan
Imagawa clan
Mansai Nomura as Imagawa Yoshimoto. He was like a father to Ieyasu.
Junpei Mizobata as Imagawa Ujizane
Kuon Kazui as Tatsuō-maru (young Ujizane)
Mirai Shida as Ito
Atsuro Watabe as Sekiguchi Ujizumi
Miki Maya as Tomoe
Hana Toyoshima as Tane
Nagisa Sekimizu as Otazu
Gōta Watabe as Iio Tsuratatsu
Tōru Nomaguchi as Udono Nagateru
Uta Yorikawa as Udono Ujinaga
Sera Ishida as Udono Ujitsugu
Hiroyuki Amano as Yamada Shin'emon
Kenichi Yajima as Kira Yoshiakira
Miō Tanaka as Okabe Motonobu
Oda clan
Junichi Okada as Oda Nobunaga
Kira Miura as young Nobunaga
Hiroshi Fujioka as Oda Nobuhide, Nobunaga's father
Yoshi Sakou as Akechi Mitsuhide
Mitsuo Yoshihara as Shibata Katsuie
Tatekawa Danshun as Sakuma Nobumori
Satoshi Tokushige as Ikeda Tsuneoki
Kenta Hamano as Oda Nobukatsu
Tomohiro Yoshida as Oda Nobutaka
Akira Fukuzawa as Niwa Nagahide
Yu Shirota as Mori Nagayoshi
Riku Ōnishi as Mori Ran, a.k.a. Mori Ranmaru
Nozomi Makino as Hirate Masahide
Aoi Hamada as Sanbōshi
Toyotomi clan
Tsuyoshi Muro as Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Emi Wakui as Nene
Keiko Kitagawa as Yodo-dono and her mother Oichi
Tamaki Shiratori as Chacha (young Yodo-dono)
Yūwa Kamimura as young Oichi
Ryūto Sakuma (HiHi Jets) as Toyotomi Hideyori
Nanoka Hara as Senhime
Atsuko Takahata as Naka
Ryuta Sato as Toyotomi Hidenaga
Maho Yamada as Asahi
Nakamura Shichinosuke II as Ishida Mitsunari
Yasushi Fuchikami as Katō Kiyomasa
Motoki Fukami as Fukushima Masanori
Shugo Oshinari as Ōtani Yoshitsugu
Mansaku Ikeuchi as Konishi Yukinaga
Tsutomu Takahashi as Shima Sakon
Shinnosuke Abe as Kuroda Nagamasa
Kozo Takeda as Hachisuka Iemasa
Rin Amikawa as Tōdō Takatora
Takayuki Hamatsu as Asano Nagamasa
Seminosuke Murasugi as Maeda Gen'i
Yōhei Kumabe as Mashita Nagamori
Ikuma Nagatomo as Natsuka Masaie
Denden as Saishō Jōtai
Masato Yamashita as Toyotomi Hidetsugu
Yoshito Kobashigawa as Hori Hidemasa
Riku Kashima as Kobayakawa Hideaki
Jun'ya Kawashima as Katagiri Katsumoto
Tetsuji Tamayama as Ōno Harunaga
Council of Five Elders
Shin Takuma as Maeda Toshiie
Mitsuru Fukikoshi as Mōri Terumoto
Kanji Tsuda as Uesugi Kagekatsu
Shuntaro Yanagi as Ukita Hideie
Takeda clan
Hiroshi Abe as Takeda Shingen
Gordon Maeda as Takeda Katsuyori
Satoshi Hashimoto as Yamagata Masakage
Seiichi Tanabe as Anayama Baisetsu
Sanada clan
Kōichi Satō as Sanada Masayuki
Kaito Yoshimura as Sanada Nobuyuki
Yui Narumi as Ina, Nobuyuki's wife
Wataru Hyuga as Sanada Nobushige, a.k.a. Sanada Yukimura
Others
Kōtarō Satomi as Tōyo-shōnin
Ichikawa Udanji III as Kūsei-shōnin
Arata Furuta as Ashikaga Yoshiaki, the final shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate
Yūsuke Ōnuki as Azai Nagamasa
Rin Furukawa as Hatsu
Aoi Itō as Azuki
Susumu Terajima as Mizuno Nobumoto
Lily Franky as Hisamatsu Toshikatsu
Kento Nagao (Naniwa Danshi) as Hisamatsu Katsutoshi
Akihiro Kakuta (Tokyo 03) as Matsudaira Masahisa
Nakamura Kankurō VI as Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyonobu and his son Kiyotada
Jin Shirasu as Okudaira Nobumasa
Taiiku Okazaki as Torii Suneemon
Manami Igashira as Otama
Ai Tenshō as Ofū
Amane Tenshō as Orin
Rie Shibata as an old lady selling dumplings.
Kenji Yamagami as Tsuda Sōgyū
Kazu Murakami as Matsui Yūkan
Kyusaku Shimada as Momochi Tanba
Kitarō as Tarao Mitsutoshi
Arisa Nakajima as Ii Hiyo
Taro Suruga as Hōjō Ujimasa
Jun Nishiyama as Hōjō Ujinao
Takahiro as Naoe Kanetsugu
Tsuyoshi Hayakawa as Maeda Toshinaga
Tomonori Mizuno as Hijikata Katsuhisa
TV schedule
References
External links
Official website
2023 Japanese television series debuts
Taiga drama
Cultural depictions of Akechi Mitsuhide
Cultural depictions of Hattori Hanzō
Cultural depictions of Oda Nobunaga
Cultural depictions of Sanada clan
Cultural depictions of Takeda Shingen
Cultural depictions of Tokugawa Ieyasu
Cultural depictions of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Television series set in the 16th century
Television series set in the 17th century |
Ullastrell is a village in the province of Barcelona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The population in 2014 was 2,056.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Vallès Occidental |
Madame Monsieur is a French duo consisting of vocalist Émilie Satt and producer Jean-Karl Lucas. They represented France at the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal with the song "Mercy", finishing in 13th place in the grand final.
History
Émilie Satt and Jean-Karl Lucas first met in 2008, and formed Madame Monsieur in 2013. In 2015, they composed the song "Smile" for the French rapper Youssoupha, and later participated in Taratata. The duo released their debut album Tandem on 27 June 2020.
On 1 January 2018, they were confirmed to be taking part in Destination Eurovision, the French national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Mercy". They qualified from the second semi-final on 20 January to the final held on 27 January. In the final, they placed third with the international juries and first with the French public, amassing enough combined points to win the competition. They represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 held in Lisbon, Portugal, ultimately coming in thirteenth place. As well as receiving the Marcel Bezençon Press Award, they were also the runner-up of the OGAE fan vote, just behind actual winner Netta Barzilai of Israel.
In 2018, they provided French commentary for France 2 at that year's Junior Eurovision Song Contest alongside Stéphane Bern. In 2019, they co-wrote the song Roi alongside Bilal Hassani. The song represented France at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel finishing in 16th place.
Musical style
The group's musical style has been likened by The Huffington Post to avant-pop singer-songwriter Christine and The Queens.
Members
Émilie Satt — lead vocals
Jean-Karl Lucas — production, backing vocals
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
External links
2013 establishments in France
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2018
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for France
French pop music groups
French musical duos
Musical groups established in 2013
Pop music duos
Male–female musical duos |
Richard Goodman (born July 11, 1945) is an American writer of nonfiction. He lives in Lafayette, Louisiana. He is the author of four books of nonfiction. His articles and essays have appeared in the Harvard Review, Ascent, Vanity Fair, The New York Times, Creative Nonfiction, French Review, and The Michigan Quarterly Review, among others. He was educated at the University of Michigan, where he won a Hopwood Award and received a B.A.; at Wayne State University, where he received his M.A.; and at Spalding University, where he received his M.F.A.
Bibliography
The Bicycle Diaries 2011
A New York Memoir 2010
The Soul of Creative Writing 2008
French Dirt: The Story of a Garden in the South of France 1991/2002
References
External links
Poets & Writers Directory
MacDowell Colony Artists
Authors Guild profile
Living people
1945 births
American male non-fiction writers
Spalding University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Wayne State University alumni
University of New Orleans faculty
Hopwood Award winners |
Men Are That Way () is a 1939 German drama film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Hertha Feiler, Hans Söhnker and Hans Olden. The film's sets were designed by the art director Willi Herrmann. It was remade by Rabenalt in Austria as Arena of Fear (1959).
Plot
An attractive female dance student becomes involved in the circus world, falls in love and takes it up professionally.
Cast
References
External links
1939 drama films
German drama films
Films of Nazi Germany
Films directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt
Films based on German novels
Circus films
Terra Film films
German black-and-white films
1930s German films
1930s German-language films |
The 1985 Soviet football championship was the 54th seasons of competitive football in the Soviet Union. Dinamo Kiev won the Top League championship becoming the Soviet domestic champions for the eleventh time.
Honours
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition
Soviet Union football championship
Top League
For the following season the League was reduced to 16 members. The teams that finished 15th and 16th played a mini-tournament with the two best out of the Soviet First League. Out of this tournament the two best teams continued on in the Soviet Top League.
For the 1986 season there was no promotion out of the Soviet First League.
First League
For places 1–12
For places 13–22
Playoffs
Group A
Group B
Group V
Second League
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
For places 1-14
Group 7
Group 8
For places 1-6
Group 9
Top goalscorers
Top League
Oleh Protasov (Dnepr Dneprpetrovsk) – 35 goals
First League
Valeriy Shmarov (CSKA Moscow) – 29 goals
References
External links
1985 Soviet football championship. RSSSF |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>England | Flags</title>
<style>
#england
{
width: 160px;
height: 96px;
background-color: #FFFFFF;
background-image:
linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 72px,
#CE1124 72px, #CE1124 88px,
transparent 88px),
linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, transparent 24px,
#FFFFFF 24px, #FFFFFF 40px,
#CE1124 40px, #CE1124 56px,
#FFFFFF 56px, #FFFFFF 56px,
transparent 56px);
box-shadow: 0 0 16px 3px #E1E1E1;
position: relative;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="england"></div>
</body>
</html>
``` |
Eddy Serri (born 23 November 1974 in Faenza) is an Italian former cyclist. he most notably won the 2007 Giro della Romagna as well as rode in the 2001 and 2002 Giro d'Italia.
Major results
1996
1st Stage 1 Girobio
2000
1st GP Città di Rio Saliceto e Correggio
2001
7th Grand Prix Pino Cerami
9th GP de la Ville de Rennes
2003
1st Stage 2 Ster Elektrotoer
2nd Giro della Romagna
2nd Criterium d'Abruzzo
3rd Trofeo Città di Castelfidardo
6th Coppa Bernocchi
6th GP Nobili Rubinetterie
6th Trofeo Matteotti
2005
6th Druivenkoers-Overijse
8th Grand Prix de Fourmies
10th Grand Prix Pino Cerami
2006
3rd Trofeo Città di Castelfidardo
2007
1st Giro della Romagna
2008
1st Giro del Mendrisiotto
9th GP Kranj
References
1974 births
Living people
Italian male cyclists
Sportspeople from Faenza
Cyclists from Emilia-Romagna |
Kamada Ekadasi () is a Hindu occasion, which falls on the 11th lunar day (ekadashi) of the fortnight of the waxing moon in the Hindu month of Chaitra (March–April). It is the first ekadashi after the , the Hindu lunar new year. As its name suggests, it is believed to be the occasion when all the desires of a devotee are granted.
Legend
The legend about the Kamada Ekadashi is narrated by the deity Krishna to the Pandava King Yudhishthira in the Varaha Purana, as it was told by the sage Vasishtha to King Dilipa. Once, a young gandharva couple, Lalit, and his wife Lalita, lived in the city of Ratnapura, a highly prosperous city decorated with gold and silver, which was ruled by the King Pundarika. Lalit was a famed singer, while Lalita was a renowned dancer at the royal court. One day, when Lalit was singing in the royal court, his attention diverted from the song to his wife, who was absent from the court. As a result, he missed some beats and incorrectly ended his performance. A nāga from the Patala region, Karkotaka, knew well the mystery of this situation complained to the king of the folly, and said that Lalit considered his wife more important than his master, the king. Infuriated, the King Pundarika cursed Lalit to become a monstrous cannibal, who was sixty-four miles in height. His neck was like a mountain, arms eight miles long and mouth the size of huge cave. This greatly distressed Lalita, who wandered around the forests with her monstrous husband who dealt in sinful activities.
While wandering around the Vindhyachal Hills, Lalita came across the sage Shringi. Paying her respects to the sage, she appealed to him to provide a solution to her problem. Sage Shringi told her to observe the vrata (vow) of Kamada Ekadasi, to atone for the sins of her husband. Lalita observed the ekadashi fast with great devotion and the next day again visited the sage and bowed to the deity Krishna. She requested Krishna to free her husband from the king's curse as a reward of the religious merit gained by the fast. With the blessings of Krishna, Lalit was restored to his original gandharva form. Thereafter, they were taken to Svarga on a celestial flying chariot.
Practices
After taking bath in the morning of Kamada Ekadashi, the devotee observes a fast. Worship is also offered to Vishnu in the form of Krishna, often in a nearby temple.
The religious merit gained from this vrata is believed to grant all desires, to cleanse even the most heinous sin one committed (like murder of a Brahmin) and to free the devotee or his family members from curses.
References
Bibliography
Ekadashi
Hindu holy days
March observances
April observances
Hindu festivals |
Vorotnikovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Starooskolsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 254 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.
Geography
Vorotnikovo is located 11 km southeast of Stary Oskol (the district's administrative centre) by road. Neznamovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Starooskolsky District |
Shields (2016 population: ) is a resort village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 11. It is on the shores of Blackstrap Lake in the Rural Municipality of Dundurn No. 314. It east of the town of Dundurn.
History
Shields incorporated as a resort village on January 1, 1981.
Sports and recreation
Shields is located on the north-western shore of Blackstrap Lake. There's boating, fishing, swimming, and other water sports. Shields also has a 9-hold golf course and is a short drive from Blackstrap Provincial Park, which is on the eastern side of the lake and features Mount Blackstrap, camping, picnicking, boating, and swimming. On the north-eastern shore of the lake is another golf course, Lakeside Golf Resort, which opened June 1, 2021. Lakeside Golf Resort is directly across from Shields.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Shields had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Resort Village of Shields recorded a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Government
The Resort Village of Shields is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the third Monday of every month. The mayor is Angela Larson and its administrator is Jessie Williams.
See also
List of communities in Saskatchewan
List of municipalities in Saskatchewan
List of resort villages in Saskatchewan
List of villages in Saskatchewan
List of summer villages in Alberta
References
External links
Resort villages in Saskatchewan
Dundurn No. 314, Saskatchewan
Division No. 11, Saskatchewan |
Craig Alexander may refer to:
Craig Alexander (cricketer) (born 1987), South African cricketer
Craig Alexander (triathlete) (born 1973), Australian Ironman and 70.3 world champion
See also |
The following lists events that happened during 2000 in Spain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Juan Carlos I
Prime Minister: José María Aznar
Events
March - Aznar's Popular Party won the general election in a landslide victory.
April 25 - Aznar took the presidential oath in front of parliament.
Sports
Spanish cyclist Joane Somarriba wins the Grande Boucle for the first of three times.
Births
January 26 — Ester Expósito, actress
January 31 — Hugo Guillamón, footballer
February 29 — Ferran Torres, footballer
September 9 — Victoria de Marichalar y Borbón, daughter of the Duchess of Lugo, The Infanta Elena of Spain and Jaime de Marichalar.
Deaths
February 5 – José García Hernández (born 1915), politician
June 6 – Andrés Reguera (born 1930), politician
April 29 —Antonio Buero Vallejo (born 1916), playwright
July 23 — Carmen Martín Gaite (born 1925), writer
See also
2000 in Spanish television
List of Spanish films of 2000
References
Spain
Years of the 20th century in Spain
Spain
2000s in Spain |
The Call of the Traumerei is a 1914 American silent short drama film directed by Jacques Jaccard and Lorimer Johnston. The film stars Charlotte Burton, Sydney Ayres, Caroline Cooke, Jack Richardson, Vivian Rich, and Harry Van Meter.
External links
1914 drama films
1914 films
Silent American drama films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Jacques Jaccard
1914 short films
Films directed by Lorimer Johnston
1910s American films
American drama short films |
John J. Dillon was an American baseball player and American college football player and coach and baseball player. Dillon was a two-sport athlete at Syracuse University, playing quarterback for the football team from 1898 to 1900 and catcher for the baseball team.
Coaching career
Dillon coached the 1901 Case School of Applied Science football team to a 2–7 record, which included a win over rival Western Reserve University.
Baseball career
Dillon played Minor League Baseball for five seasons on several teams, including on the championship 1903 Jersey City Skeeters.
Personal life
Dillon performed in theater for several years, including as early as 1905 for "The Awakening of Mr. Pipp."
Head coaching record
References
External links
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
American football quarterbacks
Baseball catchers
Amsterdam-Gloversville-Johnstown Jags players
Case Western Spartans football coaches
Jersey City Skeeters players
Montreal Royals players
Providence Grays players
Rochester Bronchos players
Syracuse Orangemen baseball players
Syracuse Orange football players |
Toloonops is a genus of spiders in the family Oonopidae. It was first described in 2015 by Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker. , it contains 7 species.
Species
Toloonops comprises the following species:
Toloonops belmo Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015
Toloonops chiapa Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015
Toloonops chickeringi (Brignoli, 1974)
Toloonops jacala Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015
Toloonops tolucanus (Gertsch & Davis, 1942)
Toloonops veracruz Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015
Toloonops verapaz Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015
References
Oonopidae
Araneomorphae genera
Spiders of Mexico
Spiders of Central America |
Koyunevi may refer to:
Koyunevi, Ayvacık
Koyunevi, İmamoğlu |
Iwona Chmielewska (born 1960) is a Polish author and illustrator, who publishes mainly for children but also for adults. Many of her works are published in South Korea where she has gained considerable popularity. She lives and works in Toruń in northern Poland where she teaches in the Faculty of Fine Arts at the Nicolaus Copernicus University.
Biography
Born on 5 February 1960 in Pabianice, Chmielewska studied graphic design at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. She first published in South Korea in 1990 where she has now published over 20 books, many of which have been translated into other languages.
Chmielswska has received major awards including the Bologna Ragazzi from the Bologna Children's Book Fair (2011 and 2013) and the Golden Apple at the Biennial of Illustration in Bratislava (2007).
Selected publications
2005: Thinking ABC, utgitt av Nonjang, Seoul, South Korea
2006: O wędrowaniu przy zasypianiu, utgitt av Hokus-Pokus, Warsaw
2009: Kwak Young Kwon: Room in the Heart, BIUM, published by Agibooks, Seoul
2010: Kim Hee-Kyung: The House of the Mind – MAUM, published by Changbi, Paju-si, South Korea
2011: Blumkas Tagebuch - Vom Leben in Janusz Korczaks Waisenhaus, utgitt av Gimpel, Hannover
2013: Eyes, published by Changbi, Paju-si
References
1960 births
Living people
20th-century Polish women artists
21st-century Polish women artists
21st-century Polish artists
People from Toruń
Polish children's writers
Polish children's book illustrators
Polish women children's writers
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń alumni
Academic staff of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
Polish illustrators
Polish women illustrators |
Rulle på Rullseröd ("Rulle at Rullseröd") was the Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar in 1974.
Plot
Rulle lives on a farm in Bohuslän in Sweden together with his grandfather and grandmother on his father's side.
Video
On 24 October 2012, the series was released to DVD.
References
External links
1974 Swedish television series debuts
1974 Swedish television series endings
Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar
Television shows set in Sweden
Bohuslän in fiction |
```kotlin
package mega.privacy.android.app.presentation.audiosection
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.size
import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.grid.rememberLazyGridState
import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.rememberLazyListState
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.res.painterResource
import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.lifecycle.compose.collectAsStateWithLifecycle
import mega.privacy.android.app.R
import mega.privacy.android.app.fragments.homepage.SortByHeaderViewModel
import mega.privacy.android.app.presentation.audiosection.model.AudioUiEntity
import mega.privacy.android.domain.entity.preference.ViewType
import mega.privacy.android.legacy.core.ui.controls.LegacyMegaEmptyView
import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.controls.progressindicator.MegaCircularProgressIndicator
/**
* The compose view for audio section
*/
@Composable
fun AudioSectionComposeView(
viewModel: AudioSectionViewModel,
modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
onChangeViewTypeClick: () -> Unit = {},
onSortOrderClick: () -> Unit = {},
onMenuClick: (AudioUiEntity) -> Unit = {},
onLongClick: (item: AudioUiEntity, index: Int) -> Unit = { _, _ -> },
) {
val uiState by viewModel.state.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
val listState = rememberLazyListState()
val gridState = rememberLazyGridState()
val progressBarShowing = uiState.progressBarShowing
val items = uiState.allAudios
val scrollToTop = uiState.scrollToTop
val accountType = uiState.accountDetail?.levelDetail?.accountType
LaunchedEffect(items) {
if (scrollToTop) {
if (uiState.currentViewType == ViewType.LIST)
listState.scrollToItem(0)
else
gridState.scrollToItem(0)
}
}
Box(modifier = modifier) {
when {
progressBarShowing -> {
Box(
modifier = Modifier
.fillMaxSize()
.padding(top = 20.dp),
contentAlignment = Alignment.TopCenter,
content = {
MegaCircularProgressIndicator(
modifier = Modifier
.size(50.dp),
strokeWidth = 4.dp,
)
},
)
}
items.isEmpty() -> LegacyMegaEmptyView(
modifier = Modifier,
text = stringResource(id = R.string.homepage_empty_hint_audio),
imagePainter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.ic_homepage_empty_audio)
)
else -> {
AudiosView(
items = items,
accountType = accountType,
isListView = uiState.currentViewType == ViewType.LIST,
listState = listState,
gridState = gridState,
sortOrder = stringResource(
id = SortByHeaderViewModel.orderNameMap[uiState.sortOrder]
?: R.string.sortby_name
),
modifier = Modifier,
onChangeViewTypeClick = onChangeViewTypeClick,
onSortOrderClick = onSortOrderClick,
onClick = viewModel::onItemClicked,
onLongClick = onLongClick,
onMenuClick = onMenuClick,
inSelectionMode = uiState.isInSelection
)
}
}
}
}
``` |
The 2016 Tour d'Azerbaïdjan was a five-day cycling stage race that took place in Azerbaijan in May 2016. The race is the fifth edition of the Tour d'Azerbaïdjan. It was rated as a 2.1 event as part of the 2016 UCI Europe Tour. The race included five stages, starting in Baku on 4 May and returning there for the finish on 8 May.
The race was won by Markus Eibegger (). He finished the race 2 seconds ahead of Rinaldo Nocentini (), with Nikita Stalnov () third. Eibegger's teammate Daniel Schorn won a stage and the points classification, while Synergy Baku won both the team classification and the mountains classification through Alex Surutkovich. The youth classification was won by Ildar Arslanov ().
Schedule
Participating teams
Twenty-one (21) teams participated in the 2016 edition of the Tour d'Azerbaïdjan.
Classification leadership
References
External links
Official website
Tour d'Azerbaïdjan
Tour d'Azerbaidjan
Tour d'Azerbaidjan |
Megalopyge uruguayensis is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Carlos Berg in 1882. It is found in Uruguay and Argentina.
The wingspan is about 30 mm. The forewings are fuscous, shaded with grey about the tornus. The veins are all white and there is a white shade at the end of the cell, joined by a postmedial white shade from the costa, partly cutting off a portion of the dark ground colour. There is also a postmedial interveinal white streak. The hindwings are white with fuscous scaling on the inner margin and the terminal space is broadly fuscous, cut by white veins.
References
Moths described in 1882
Megalopygidae |
Hsu Yung Chin (Traditional Chinese: 徐永進; 13 November 1951 – 26 October 2022) was a Taiwanese artist and calligrapher. Originally known for traditional Chinese calligraphy, in the 1990s he began to gain renown for his postmodernist calligraphy and ink paintings.
Biography
Hsu was born in Miaoli, Taiwan. His parents were farmers and his father also worked as a construction worker. At the age of 22, he graduated from Hsinchu Teacher's College. After working as an elementary school teacher for several years, he returned to university and got a degree in Chinese Literature from Shida University. After graduation, he worked as a secretary for the dean of Ming Chuan University for three years before becoming an artist full-time. He was married to Zheng Fang He, a widely published art critic.
Hsu died on 26 October 2022, at the age of 70.
Notable Exhibitions
1981 Group Calligraphy Exhibition, National Museum of History, Taipei, Taiwan
1989 Solo Calligraphy Exhibition, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
1989 Solo Ink Painting Exhibition, National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, Taichung, Taiwan
1993 The Beauty of Taiwan, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
1998 The Nudes, Taichung City Cultural Center, Taichung, Taiwan
2005 International Contemporary Calligraphy Exhibition, China Academy of Art, Hangzhou, China
2007 International Contemporary Calligraphy Exhibition, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
2009 Busan Calligraphy Biennale Exhibition (Co-exhibition), Busan Museum of Modern Art, Busan, Korea
2010 Praying Words (Co-exhibition), World Expo 2010, Shanghai, China
2011 Beyond Calligraphy, Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei, Taiwan
2014 The Flow of Ink, Art Stage Singapore, Singapore
2015 Eastern Tao, Solo Calligraphy Exhibition, A.Rome Gallery, Rome, Italy
2015 Beyond Visuality, Art Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
2016 ART CENTRAL, Hong Kong, China
2016 Solo Calligraphy Exhibition, Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan, Tokyo, Japan
2016 An Infinite Progression , Art Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
2017 I Nature, Art Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
2017 I Nature, Ink Asia, Hong Kong
2019 Flowing Fragrance Upon Calligraphy, INK NOW Art Expo, Taipei, Taiwan
2019 Contemporary Calligraphy, Seattle Art Fair, Seattle, United States
Awards
In 1976, when Hsu was 26 years old, he won first prize for calligraphy at Taiwan's 30th annual National Art Competition. Before giving up competition in 1978, he had won six other national calligraphy competitions.
Postmodern Chinese Calligraphy
Hsu Yung Chin's calligraphy has been described as modern and postmodern, because it breaks with traditional calligraphy's rules regarding form, color, materials, and subject matter in order to create a more visceral and contemporary aesthetic. Hsu turned away from traditional calligraphy because he felt it was too steeped in conservatism to be relevant to contemporary Chinese society. While the content and aesthetic of Hsu's works are postmodern, he maintains the traditional relationship between calligraphy and Zen practice, focusing on the act of painting as opposed to the work that is created
References
External links
English blog
1951 births
2022 deaths
Taiwanese artists
Taiwanese calligraphers
Taiwanese people of Hakka descent
People from Miaoli County |
The Life Story of David Lloyd George (originally titled The Man Who Saved The Empire) is a 1918 British silent biopic film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Norman Page, Alma Reville and Ernest Thesiger. The film "is thought to be the first feature length biopic of a contemporary living politician". Finished in 1918, it was not shown publicly until 1996.
Production background
The Life Story of David Lloyd George is about David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister from 1916 to 1922. It was written by Sidney Low, directed by Maurice Elvey, and stars Norman Page as Lloyd George. Other actors who appear are Ernest Thesiger, Alma Reville, and Douglas Munro. The film was produced by the Ideal Film Company, which had been started around 1910 by two Jewish Manchester-born brothers, Harry Moses and Simon Rowson (born Rosenbaum).
The film's release was much anticipated, and the film press carried impressive advertisements for it in late 1918. However, in December 1918, all the advertisement stopped, following an attack in the influential paper John Bull by its owner, the MP Horatio Bottomley, who claimed that the Rowsons, because they had changed their last name and had employed some foreign-born extras to play soldiers in the film's war scenes, had less than patriotic motives for making the film. The Rowsons started the process of suing him for libel, but were shortly afterwards informed that Lloyd George, who initially had supported the production of the film, no longer wanted it shown. Solicitors, presumably acting for the government or for Lloyd George's Liberal Party, visited the film company, paid £20,000 in cash (a very high figure at the time), and walked away with the negative and the only print. The reason why Lloyd George took this action is still unknown, but is the subject of much speculation.
Preservation status
Long believed destroyed, the film was rediscovered in the Lloyd George family archives in 1994 by the Wales Film and Television Archive (later the National Library of Wales' National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales). When fully restored, the film had its world premiere in Cardiff in 1996.
In 2009, the film was released on DVD and in 2010 was inscribed in UNESCO's UK Memory of the World Register.
Further reading
Dave Berry and Simon Horrocks, eds, David Lloyd George: the Movie Mystery. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1998. .
References
External links
1918 films
British biographical films
British historical films
British silent feature films
Films about politicians
Welsh films
Ideal Film Company films
British political films
Films set in Wales
Films set in London
Cultural depictions of David Lloyd George
1910s historical films
1910s rediscovered films
British black-and-white films
1910s biographical films
Rediscovered British films
1910s English-language films
English-language Welsh films
1990s English-language films
1910s British films
1990s British films
English-language biographical films |
The 1984–85 season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica's 81st season in existence and the club's 51st consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football, covering the period from 1 July 1984 to 30 June 1985. Benfica competed domestically in the Primeira Divisão, Taça de Portugal and the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, and participated in the European Cup after winning the previous league.
In the off-season, Sven-Göran Eriksson left for Roma and Benfica hired Tomislav Ivic. Major departures included Fernando Chalana and Glenn Strömberg. To counter, the club added Jorge Silva, Wando and Adelino Nunes. Even before the end of the season, Ivic resigned and Benfica was forced to replace him in August. The selected was Pál Csernai.
Benfica never performed as expected and even suffered their longest ever win-less period in the Primeira Divisão. In the end, the team ended in third place, 12 points from first place, and lost the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. Still, it was not a trophy-less season as Benfica conquered their 19th Taça de Portugal in a 3–1 win against Porto.
Season summary
Benfica entered the new season as defending Champions, but with significant changes. After two years in Portugal, Sven-Göran Eriksson was hired by Roma. Same of the names speculated as replacement were Georges Heylens, John Mortimore and Gilbert Gress. The new manager was announced on 6 July, Croatian Tomislav Ivic. In the transfer season, Benfica lost two major players, Fernando Chalana and Glenn Strömberg. To replace him, Benfica signed domestic players like Jorge Silva, Wando and Adelino Nunes. The club also approached Torbjörn Nilsson, Washington and Walter Casagrande, but nothing came out of it. The pre-season began on 19 July, with games scheduled with Bordeaux on late July, the Lisbon International Tournament in August, and the presentation game with Vasco da Gama after that.
After just one game in charge, on 31 July, Tomislav Ivic resigned because he wanted to get paid in dollars. The position was offered to assistant manager Toni but he declined it for unspecified reasons. On 9 August, Benfica selected Pál Csernai as Ivic's replacement.
The league campaign started in the best of ways, with two wins, but on match-day 3, Benfica lost in the Clássico with Porto. In October, Benfica began their European Cup campaign with Crvena Zvezda, defeating them on aggregate. In the second round, Benfica met Liverpool and were eliminated. Now fully focused on the league campaign, Benfica lost in the Derby de Lisboa in late December and got delayed in the battle to retain his league title. There were now 6 points shy of leaders Porto. On 20 January, Benfica drew with Braga on match-day 17 and started their biggest ever win-less period in the Primeira Divisão. They would spend two and half months without winning in the league, with six draws and one loss. Despite that, a Taça de Portugal campaign involving only second tier teams allowed the team to progress through the rounds with ease.
The team eventually resettled and won all league matches in April. In the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, a one-nil win for both Benfica and Porto forced a replay of the competition. In early May, John Mortimore was confirmed as new manager, with Csernai still in charge for another month. Before the end of May, Benfica lost away in the first leg of the Supertaça to Porto, but won the Derby de Lisboa with Sporting by 3–1, reducing the distance between them. In June, Benfica lost again in the Supertaça, losing the competition and finished the league in third place, 12 points behind Porto and five from Sporting. The season finished with the Taça de Portugal final against Porto, with Benfica winning 3–1. It was their 19th Taça de Portugal win in 25 Finals, their seventh in eight against Porto. After the win, Manuel Bento sent a jab to Csernai: "It was not Csernai who made the line up, that's why we won. It was Carlos Manuel and Minervino Pietra who opened his eyes."
Competitions
Overall record
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
Primeira Divisão
League table
Results by round
Matches
Taça de Portugal
European Cup
First round
Second round
Friendlies
Player statistics
The squad for the season consisted of the players listed in the tables below, as well as staff member Pál Csernai (manager), Toni (assistant manager), Eusébio assistant manager), Júlio Borges (Director of Football), Amilcar Miranda (Doctor).
Transfers
In
Out
Out by loan
Notes
References
Bibliography
S.L. Benfica seasons
Benfica |
```java
/**
* Provides classes related to type mapping.
*/
package org.springframework.kafka.support.mapping;
``` |
This is a list of secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria.
A
American International School of Lagos
Anwar ul-Islam Girls High School, Ifako/Ijaye, Ojokoro Lagos
Apata Memorial High School, Ireakari Estate, Isolo
Atlantic Hall, Poka Epe
Avi-Cenna International School
B
Babington Macaulay Junior Seminary
Baptist Academy, Obanikoro
British International School Lagos
C
Chrisland Schools
CMS Grammar School, Lagos
Caleb British International School, Lekki
D
D-Ivy College, Ikeja
Dowen College
E
Ebun Pro Veritas International School
Eko Boys' High School
F
Federal Government College, Ijanikin
First Island School, Lekki
G
German School Lagos
Good Shepherd Schools
Government College Ikorodu
Grace Schools
Grange School, Ikeja
Greensprings School
H
Holy Child College
I
Ifako International School
Igbobi College, Yaba
Ikenna Stars Academy
Indian Language School
Institute for Industrial Technology
International School Lagos
Isolog schools
Italian International School "Enrico Mattei"
K
King's College, Lagos
Kingsfield College
L
Lagoon Secondary School, Lekki
Lagos Preparatory School
Lagos State Junior Model College Badore
Lagos State Junior Model College Kankon
Lagos State Model College Badore
Lagos State Model College, Igbonla
Lagos State Model College Kankon
Lagos State Model Junior College Meiran
Lebanese Community School
Lekki British School
Logic Group of Schools
Lycée Français Louis Pasteur de Lagos
M
Makoko Floating School
Methodist Boys' High School, Victoria Island
Methodist Girls' High School, Yaba Lagos
Mictec Schools
Q
Queen's College, Lagos, Yaba
R
Redeemer's International Secondary School, Maryland
S
St Gregory's College, Lagos, South-west Ikoyi
St. Francis Catholic Secondary School, Nigeria
State High School
V
Vivian Fowler Memorial College for Girls
See also
Education in Nigeria
List of schools in Nigeria
References
External links
"Education", Lagos State Government
Schools
Lagos |
Nereus and Achilleus are two Roman martyr saints. In the present General Roman Calendar, revised in 1969, Nereus and Achilleus (together) are celebrated (optional memorials) on 12 May.
The Tridentine Calendar had on 12 May a joint feast (semidouble rank) of Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras. The name of Domitilla was added in 1595. The joint celebration of Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla and Pancras continued with that ranking (see General Roman Calendar of 1954) until the revision of 1960, when it was reclassified as a third-class feast (see General Roman Calendar of 1960).
Nereus and Achilleus
The old Roman lists of the 5th century, which passed over into the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, contain the names of the two martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, whose grave was in the Catacomb of Domitilla on the Via Ardeatina. The notice in the more complete version given by the Berne Codex reads: "IIII id. Maii, Romae in coemeterio Praetextati natale Nerei et Achillei fratrum (On 12 May at Rome in the cemetery of Praetextatus [an evident error for Domitilla?] the natal day of the brothers Nereus and Achilleus").
In the invocation of the Mass for 2 October in the "Sacramentarium Gelasianum", the names of Nereus and Achilleus alone are mentioned. In the fourth and following centuries a special votive Mass was celebrated on 12 May at the grave of Nereus and Achilleus on the Via Ardeatina. The Itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs, written in the 7th century, are unanimous in their indication of the resting-place of these saints (Giovanni Battista de Rossi, "Roma sotterranea", I, 180–83).
The basilica of Sts. Nereus and Achilleus in the Via Ardeatina (not to be confused with the church of the same name near the Baths of Caracalla to which the relics of the saints were translated in the 6th century), was erected above the burial site of Nereus and Achilleus and is of the latter part of the 4th century; it is a three-naved basilica, which was abandoned in the mid 9th century and rediscovered in 1874 by de Rossi in the Catacomb of Domitilla. Amongst the numerous objects found in the ruins were two pillars which had supported the ciborium ornamented with sculptures representing the death of the two saints by decapitation; one of these pillars is perfectly preserved, and the name of Achilleus is carved on it. There was also found a large fragment of a marble slab, with an inscription composed by Pope Damasus, the text of which is well known from an ancient copy. This oldest historical mention of Nereus and Achilleus tells how the two as soldiers were obedient to the tyrant, but suddenly being converted to Christianity, joyfully resigned their commission and died the martyr's death. The acts of these martyrs, legendary even to a romantic degree, have no historical value for their life and death; they bring no fewer than thirteen different Roman martyrs into relation, amongst them even Simon Magus, according to the apocryphal Petrine Acts, and place their death in the end of the first and beginning of the 2nd centuries. These Acts were written in Greek and Latin; according to Achelis (see below) the Greek was the original text, and written in Latin in the 6th century.
Legend
According to these legends, Nereus and Achilleus were eunuchs and chamberlains of Flavia Domitilla, a niece of the Roman Emperor Domitian; with the Christian virgin, they had been banished to the island of Ponza (Pontia), and later on beheaded in Terracina. The graves of these two martyrs were on an estate of the Lady Domitilla near the Via Ardeatina, close to that of Petronilla.
The author of this legend places the two saints quite differently from the poem of Pope Damasus. Nereus and Achilleus were buried in a very ancient part of the Catacomb of Domitilla, built as far back as the beginning of the 2nd century; based on this, the Catholic Encyclopedia concludes that they are among the most ancient martyrs of the Roman Church, and stand in very near relation to the Flavian family, of which Domitilla, the foundress of the catacomb, was a member. As to other martyrs of the name Nereus, who are especially noted in the old martyrologies as martyrs of the faith in Africa, or as being natives of that country (e.g., in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, 11 May, 15 or 16 October, 16 November) though there is one of the name in the present Roman Martyrology under date of 16 October, nothing more is known.
The relics of Nereus and Achilleus are housed since the 6th century together with the relics of Domitilla under the high altar of the church of Ss. Nereo e Achilleo.
Feast day
The Tridentine Calendar had on 12 May a joint feast (semidouble rank) of Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras. The name of Domitilla was added in 1595. The joint celebration of Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla and Pancras continued with that ranking (see General Roman Calendar of 1954) until reduced to that of simple in 1955 (see General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII) and that of third-class feast in 1960 (see General Roman Calendar of 1960).
In the present General Roman Calendar, revised in 1969, Saints Nereus and Achilleus (together) and Saint Pancras have distinct celebrations (optional memorials) on 12 May. Saint Domitilla is not included in the revised calendar, because the liturgical honours once paid to her "have no basis in tradition".
The feast is celebrated on the same day by the Eastern Orthodox Church.
See also
Pancras of Rome
Tridentine Calendar
References
External links
St Achilleus Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square
2nd-century Christian martyrs
Saints duos
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Groups of Christian martyrs of the Roman era
Groups of Roman Catholic saints
Legendary Romans
Ancient Roman eunuchs |
The 1991 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2 season is the third season of Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2. A total of eight teams participated in the season.
Perlis and Sarawak were relegated from 1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1.
Under the new format, only the top six teams in Divisyen 1 and the Divisyen 2 champions and runners-up will be involved in the Malaysia Cup. Malaysia Cup was played from the quarter-final stage, scheduled for November after the league was finished. The Malaysia Cup quarter-final and semi-final matches will be played on a home and away basis.
The season kicked off on 27 April 1991. Negeri Sembilan ended up the season by winning the title.
Teams
Eight teams competing in the third season of Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2.
Negeri Sembilan (1991 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2 champions)
Sarawak (Promoted to Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1)
Penang (1992 MSPFL promotion play-off)
Police
Perlis
Malacca
Brunei
Armed Forces
League Table:-
1.Negeri Sembilan - 19 PTS (1991 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2 champions and promoted to 1992 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1)
2.Sarawak - 18 PTS (Promoted to 1992 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1)
3.Penang - 18 PTS (1991 Liga Semi-Pro promotion play-off) (Stay)
4.Police - 16 PTS
5.Perlis - 15 PTS
6.Malacca - 10 PTS
7.Brunei - 10 PTS
8.Armed Forces - 6 PTS
Champions
References
Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2 seasons
2
Malaysia |
Chiheb Ellili (); (born 1 December 1963) is a Tunisian professional football manager and former player and the current head coach of Al-Shorta in the Iraq Stars League.
References
1963 births
Living people
Tunisian football managers
OC Kerkennah managers
ES Hammam Sousse managers
ES Zarzis managers
US Monastir (football) managers
Stade Gabèsien managers
Dubai Club managers
CA Bizertin managers
CS Sfaxien managers
Club Africain football managers
Al-Jazeera (Jordan) managers
Al-Faisaly SC managers
Étoile Sportive du Sahel managers
US Ben Guerdane managers
Al-Shorta SC managers
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 managers
Tunisian expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in the United Arab Emirates
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate football managers in Jordan
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Jordan
Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia |
Mozów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulechów, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately west of Sulechów and north of Zielona Góra.
References
Villages in Zielona Góra County |
Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł or, in Lithuanian, Stanislovas Bonifacas Jundzilas (6 May 1761 in Jasiańce, Voranava District – 15 April 1847 in Vilnius) was a Polish-Lithuanian priest, botanist, educator and diarist who lectured at the University of Vilnius.
Biography
Jundziłł was born in the impoverished noble family of Benedykt and Róża née Dowgiałły. He was not able to go to school until 1774, when his father married for a third time and received a very generous dowry. From 1774 to 1779, he attended schools operated by the Piarists at Lida, Szczuczyn and Lubieszów. It was during this period that he became nearly blind in his right eye. He joined the Piarist order and took vows in 1779 and was ordained a priest in 1785 after which he taught at schools in Raseiniai, Vilnius and Szczuczyn. At Vilnius he also continued his own studies in chemistry and botany with Georg Forster and Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert, and helped create a botanical garden at the university.
In 1791 he published a description of the plants in the Duchy of Lithuania which used the Linnean system. He received a Merentibus gold medal from King Stanisław August Poniatowski. In 1792, he received a scholar's grant that enabled him to study abroad. He travelled throughout Eastern and Central Europe until 1794, when his grant was discontinued after the Second Partition of Poland. He met Jaquin and others on his travels and learned of Werner's Neptunism. He was again able to obtain financial assistance from Count Ignacy Potocki and Princess Izabela Czartoryska, so he remained in Vienna for a while, organizing a garden of medicinal plants at the University of Veterinary Medicine while continuing to study a wide range of subjects.
He returned to Vilnius in 1797 and, in 1800, took his doctorate in Theology. He expanded the botanical garden during this period and it had more than 6000 species of plants. His doctorate enabled him to become a professor of botany and zoology at the university in 1802. He retired in 1824 and spent much of his time travelling. In 1825 he handed over the botanical garden to a student (unrelated) Józef Jundziłł.
In his later years, he came into conflict with the new teachers at the university, criticizing their cosmopolitanism and lack of patriotism and predicting that their activities would have serious consequences; a prediction that came true when the university was closed by the Russian government in 1832. After that, saddened by the slow destruction of his beloved botanical garden, his health worsened and he eventually went totally blind.
Scientific and pedagogical activity
Despite his religious training Jundziłł adopted naturalism and was one of the first to teach veterinary medicine in Lithuania and was the author of several basic textbooks on botany and zoology. His studies of migratory birds were among the earliest in that area.
He was also the author of the first scientifically precise description of the flora and fauna of Lithuania, based on the system of Carl Linnaeus, and won a gold medal for his work Botanika stosowana (Applied Botany).
Botanical nomenclature
Genera
(Brassicaceae) Jundzillia Andrz. ex DC. Syst. Nat. Candolle 2: 529 1821 (IK), classed as a synonym of Lepidium
(Stemonitidaceae)Jundzillia Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 7(5): 45. 1893, classed as a synonym of Amaurochaete
Species
(Caryophyllaceae) Silene jundzillii Zapał. Bull. Acad. Cracovie 1911, B 287; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. iii 197 (IK)
(Rosaceae) Potentilla jundzilliana Błocki ex Th.Wolf Biblioth. Bot. lxxi. III 354 nomen. 1908 (IK)
(Rosaceae) Rosa jundzillii Besser Cat. Hort. Cremeneci 1816 117 (IK)
References
Further reading
Antoni Marian Kurpiel (ed.), Pamiętniki ks. Stanisława Jundziłła profesora Uniw. Wileńskiego (selections from his diaries), Akademii Umiejętności, 1905
Witold Sławiński, X. Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł, profesor historii naturalnej Wszechnicy Wileńskiej (monograph), Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 1947
External links
Wanda Grębecka, Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł, biography, chronology and bibliography Online @ Pawet
1761 births
1847 deaths
18th-century Polish botanists
People from Voranava District
19th-century Polish botanists
Belarusian philosophers
19th-century Polish philosophers
Academic staff of Vilnius University
Burials at Bernardine Cemetery |
The 1921–22 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1921–22 season. Under the third year of head coach James G. Driver (who concurrently served as the head baseball coach), the team finished the season with a 10–2 record. This was the 16th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe.
Schedule
|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#006400; color:#FFD700;"| Regular season
Source
References
William & Mary Tribe men's basketball seasons
William And Mary Indians
William and Mary Indians Men's Basketball Team
William and Mary Indians Men's Basketball Team |
Max Patterson Memorial City Park is a public park in Gladstone, Oregon, United States.
History
In June 2020, more than 150 people attended a rally at the park in support of the Black Lives Matter movement.
References
External links
Max Patterson Memorial City Park at the City of Gladstone, Oregon
Gladstone, Oregon
Parks in Clackamas County, Oregon |
Elmer Ellsworth Foster (August 15, 1861 – July 22, 1946) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1886 to 1891. He played for the New York Metropolitans, New York Giants, and Chicago Colts.
External links
1861 births
1946 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball outfielders
New York Metropolitans players
New York Giants (NL) players
Chicago Colts players
St. Paul Apostles players
Haverhill (minor league baseball) players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Baseball players from Minneapolis |
Graciliaria is a monotypic genus of gastropods belonging to the family Clausiliidae. The only species is Graciliaria inserta.
The species is found in Central Europe.
References
Clausiliidae |
The Japan Postal Workers' Union (JPU, , Zentei) was a trade union representing workers at Japan Post.
The union was founded in 1946 and soon became affiliated with the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sōhyō). One of the first major unions founded in the country after World War II, it was also considered one of the most influential unions in the post-war period. By 1967, it had 245,302 members. In 1990, Sōhyō merged into the Japanese Trade Union Confederation, with which the JPU then became affiliated.
On 1 October 2007, inspired by the planned privatization of Japan Post, it merged with the All Japan Postal Labor Union, to form the Japan Postal Group Union.
References
Postal trade unions
Trade unions established in 1946
Trade unions disestablished in 2007
Trade unions in Japan |
The Al-Thager Model School (, roughly "The Haven") is a secondary school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The school is housed in a two-story building that used to house both primary and secondary grades, as well as residential dormitories on the second level.
History
Faisal of Saudi Arabia founded the school in Ta'if in the early 1950s. In 1964 Faisal opened a large campus for the school in Jeddah, and provided an annual fund of several million Saudi riyals from the national budget. Kamal Adham, Faisal's Turkish father-in-law, traveled to the United Kingdom to meet officials from the government, and told the officials to model the school after Victoria College, a school in Khartoum, Sudan, inspired by British education. The Saudi Arabian government provided funds and staff members for the school. Steve Coll, author of The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century, said that during the 1960s and 1970s Al-Thager "had the reputation of a private enclave for the sons of businessmen and the royal family". Al-Thager became the most prestigious school in Jeddah.
The school's entrance examinations were open to all Saudis; some lower-class Saudis were granted acceptance and attended the school with wealthier Saudis. In the mid-1900s, each graduating class consisted of around 60 boys. During that period many Egyptian and Syrian teachers, who had been involved in dissident Islamic organizations in their home countries, taught at Al-Thager. Coll said in the 1960s and early 1970s that the school "had a relatively secular flavor".
Around the early 1970s, many Al-Thager students engaged in political debates. One group of students, influenced by Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt, were in favor of Pan-Arab nationalism. Another group of students, influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood, were in favor of additional Islamic influence in politics in the Arab world. Coll said that Al-Thager was "a conspicuous example of modernization without secularization".
Campus
In the 1960s, the school campus was located near downtown Jeddah, north of Old Jeddah Road. A two-story concrete and fieldstone building served as the school's main classroom building. Coll said that the building was in a "featureless modern style". The school had two classroom wings: one for middle school students and one for high school students. An interior courtyard was located between the wings.
In the 1960s, most students were day students and commuted to school. The boarding students and some foreign teachers lived in dormitories on the school's second floor. Al-Thager was the only school in Jeddah to have air conditioning.
Curriculum and discipline
Coll said that in the 1960s and 1970s Al-Thager "prided itself on its modern curriculum" and that it was the only Saudi school that "could even begin to compare itself to a place like" Brummana High School in Brummana, Lebanon. During that period the school had English instruction provided by many foreign English teachers from England and Ireland. Al-Thager, like other Saudi schools, had religion as a core component in the instruction. At noon, the boys performed zuhr, the Islamic prayer at noontime. Each morning, the school prompted boys in a military-style call of order to assemble in rows. Teachers had canes to discipline boys by striking their feet.
Dress code
Students wear western-style school uniforms from American and British university preparatory schools; in most Saudi schools for boys, the students wear thawbs and cloth headdresses. In the 1960s and 1970s, students wore white dress shirts with ties, grey trousers, black socks, and black shoes. In winter students wore charcoal-colored blazers.
Notable alumni
Osama bin Laden attended Al-Thager from 1968 to 1976. Former teachers, Brian Fyfield-Shayler and Seamus O'Brien gave an interview to The New Yorker in which they claimed that they remembered teaching bin Laden at the school. Some of his half-brothers were enrolled at Al-Thager.
Ian Hislop attended for at least one year between 1968 and 1976.
Sources
Coll, Steve. The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century. New York City: The Penguin Press, 2008.
References
External links
Al-Thager Model School
1947 establishments in Saudi Arabia
Educational institutions established in 1947
Schools in Jeddah
Education in Jeddah
Private schools in Saudi Arabia |
The Englefield Baronetcy, of Wootton Basset in the County of Wiltshire, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 25 November 1611 for Francis Englefield. He was a great-grandson of Sir Thomas Englefield, Speaker of the House of Commons, and the nephew of Sir Francis Englefield. The seventh Baronet was an antiquary and scientist. The title became extinct on his death in 1822.
Englefield baronets, of Wootton Basset (1611)
Sir Francis Englefield, 1st Baronet (–1631)
Sir Francis Englefield, 2nd Baronet (died 1656)
Sir Francis Englefield, 3rd Baronet (died 1665)
Sir Thomas Englefield, 4th Baronet (died 1678)
Sir Charles Englefield, 5th Baronet (c. 1670–1728)
Sir Henry Englefield, 6th Baronet (died 1780)
Sir Henry Charles Englefield, 7th Baronet (1752–1822)
References
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England
1611 establishments in England |
MetaMed Research was an American medical consulting firm aiming to provide personalized medical research services. It was founded in 2012 by Michael Vassar (previously of the Singularity Institute), Jaan Tallinn (co-founder of Skype and Kazaa), Zvi Mowshowitz, and Nevin Freeman with startup funding from Silicon Valley investor Peter Thiel. MetaMed stated that its researchers were drawn from top universities, as well as prominent technology companies such as Google. Many of its principals were associated with the Rationalist movement.
Concept
Vassar founded MetaMed to apply the principles of rationality as taught by Eliezer Yudkowsky to medicine, having left Yudkowsky's Singularity Institute to do so. MetaMed was intended to provide an alternative to typical healthcare by providing higher quality research. Vassar explained,
Services
Company researchers gathered detailed medical information on each client, using this as the basis for the creation of personalized research reports for various conditions (or, in some cases, for the purpose of client performance enhancement). It also assessed the expected value of various tests, and created maps of correlations between possible medical conditions. One aim of the company was to aid doctors with advanced artificial intelligence and data from information experts.
MetaMed's personalized medical research services were targeted at the market for concierge medicine, with prices ranging from a few thousand dollars to hundreds of thousands.
Termination
By 2015, MetaMed was defunct, which Tallinn attributed to the difficulty of producing research results and limited interest from consumers.
References
Defunct health care companies of the United States
American transhumanists |
Victoria Square is an unincorporated community in Markham, Ontario, Canada. The community was formed in the early nineteenth century.
History
Historic Victoria Square began at 4th Line (Victoria Square Boulevard) and 18th Line (Elgin Mills Road) in 1805 with mostly Mennonites from Pennsylvania beginning in 1803 and then by British and American settlers in the 1820s. The area was initially called Heise Hill for the Heise family whom were part of the first wave of settlers.
The first church (Primitive Methodist) was built in 1830s on the east side of 4th Line, where the cemetery is still located. The Wesleyan Methodists built a wood-frame church south of the Victoria Square corner in 1845. This was replaced by a red brick edifice in 1880 at what was once William Frisby's old blacksmith shop.
The Wesleyan Methodists and Primitive Methodist merged locations in 1884 at what is now Victoria Square United Church.
A number of business emerged in the 1830 at the intersection of 4th Line and 18th Line:
William Frisby blacksmith and farm implement shops southeast corner
William Cantly's inn emerged in the 1830s on the northeast corner and later became a tavern when William Durose was granted a licence in 1849
Post office was opened in the northwest corner in 1854
By 1860 and 1870s a few more businesses appeared:
carriage maker - Joseph Hall
John Rowbotham, former wheelwright with Frisby opened a shop manufacturing wagons and bobsled maker and repair to implements for Frisby
The 1877 SS No. 69 was opened further south and was used until 1966. The building was altered and became a business then as residence until it was restored back for use as a Montessori school in 2010.
The farmer implement related business would eventually disappear with competition of larger rivals in Toronto. The tavern destroyed by fire in the early 1900s was not replaced and the post office closed in 1914.
The four corners were replaced by residences wiping out all traces of commercial activity in the area.
Modern Community
Today's residential development of the area began in the 2006 with the development of Cathedraltown to the south and west of Victoria Square and accelerated with the building of the new bypass of Woodbine Avenue in 2010.
Today, farmlands are slowly but progressively disappearing in the area and replaced with newer executive homes in the surrounding Unionville district. Most homes in the area are single-family dwellings. Farms now only exists in to the east of Victoria Square Boulevard (the original route of Woodbine Avenue) and north of Major Mackenzie Drive.
A number of business that operate off the land exists in Victoria Square:
19th Avenue Farmers' Market is a new generation of farming family whom operate a market and pick your own fields at 19th Avenue and Woodbine Avenue.
Baker Saddlery - business selling equestrian equipment
New business to the area include Honda Canada Inc. Canadian corporate office and Mobis Parts Canada (a subsidiary of Hyundai).
The community of Victoria Square is centred on the intersection of Victoria Square Blvd. and Major Mackenzie Dr.
There are a few reminders in the new area of the originally settlers whom farmed the area:
Frisby Park - named for Frisby family
Boynton Circle - named for Boynton family
Parks and recreation
Victoria Square Park
Victoria Square Community Centre
Cathedral (King David) Park
Frisby Park
Vine Cliff Park
Hazelton Park
Fletcher's Field
Mossy Stone Park
Charity Crescent Park
Education
There are three public elementary schools:
Sir Wilfrid Laurier Public School (French Immersion, Grades 3–8)
Sir John A Macdonald Public School
Victoria Square Public School (Opened September 2018) (Dual Track French Immersion (Grades 1&2 FI, JK-8 English)
Transportation
Due to its northerly location, most commuters in the area use the regional roads and Ontario Highway 404. The area is serviced by York Region Transit. The former Woodbine Avenue Bypass or Victoria Square Boulevard, Elgin Mills Road, Major Mackenzie Drive and Warden Avenue are the main arterial roads serving the area.
Nearby communities
Other than Gormley, Victoria Square is surrounded by planned residential communities created from former farmlands.
See also
List of unincorporated communities in Ontario
Royal eponyms in Canada
References
Neighbourhoods in Markham, Ontario |
```go
/*
Aggregator is a reporter used by the Ginkgo CLI to aggregate and present parallel test output
coherently as tests complete. You shouldn't need to use this in your code. To run tests in parallel:
ginkgo -nodes=N
where N is the number of nodes you desire.
*/
package remote
import (
"time"
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/config"
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/reporters/stenographer"
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/types"
)
type configAndSuite struct {
config config.GinkgoConfigType
summary *types.SuiteSummary
}
type Aggregator struct {
nodeCount int
config config.DefaultReporterConfigType
stenographer stenographer.Stenographer
result chan bool
suiteBeginnings chan configAndSuite
aggregatedSuiteBeginnings []configAndSuite
beforeSuites chan *types.SetupSummary
aggregatedBeforeSuites []*types.SetupSummary
afterSuites chan *types.SetupSummary
aggregatedAfterSuites []*types.SetupSummary
specCompletions chan *types.SpecSummary
completedSpecs []*types.SpecSummary
suiteEndings chan *types.SuiteSummary
aggregatedSuiteEndings []*types.SuiteSummary
specs []*types.SpecSummary
startTime time.Time
}
func NewAggregator(nodeCount int, result chan bool, config config.DefaultReporterConfigType, stenographer stenographer.Stenographer) *Aggregator {
aggregator := &Aggregator{
nodeCount: nodeCount,
result: result,
config: config,
stenographer: stenographer,
suiteBeginnings: make(chan configAndSuite),
beforeSuites: make(chan *types.SetupSummary),
afterSuites: make(chan *types.SetupSummary),
specCompletions: make(chan *types.SpecSummary),
suiteEndings: make(chan *types.SuiteSummary),
}
go aggregator.mux()
return aggregator
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecSuiteWillBegin(config config.GinkgoConfigType, summary *types.SuiteSummary) {
aggregator.suiteBeginnings <- configAndSuite{config, summary}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) BeforeSuiteDidRun(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.beforeSuites <- setupSummary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) AfterSuiteDidRun(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.afterSuites <- setupSummary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecWillRun(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
//noop
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecDidComplete(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
aggregator.specCompletions <- specSummary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecSuiteDidEnd(summary *types.SuiteSummary) {
aggregator.suiteEndings <- summary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) mux() {
loop:
for {
select {
case configAndSuite := <-aggregator.suiteBeginnings:
aggregator.registerSuiteBeginning(configAndSuite)
case setupSummary := <-aggregator.beforeSuites:
aggregator.registerBeforeSuite(setupSummary)
case setupSummary := <-aggregator.afterSuites:
aggregator.registerAfterSuite(setupSummary)
case specSummary := <-aggregator.specCompletions:
aggregator.registerSpecCompletion(specSummary)
case suite := <-aggregator.suiteEndings:
finished, passed := aggregator.registerSuiteEnding(suite)
if finished {
aggregator.result <- passed
break loop
}
}
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerSuiteBeginning(configAndSuite configAndSuite) {
aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings = append(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings, configAndSuite)
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) == 1 {
aggregator.startTime = time.Now()
}
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) != aggregator.nodeCount {
return
}
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuite(configAndSuite.summary.SuiteDescription, configAndSuite.config.RandomSeed, configAndSuite.config.RandomizeAllSpecs, aggregator.config.Succinct)
totalNumberOfSpecs := 0
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) > 0 {
totalNumberOfSpecs = configAndSuite.summary.NumberOfSpecsBeforeParallelization
}
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceTotalNumberOfSpecs(totalNumberOfSpecs, aggregator.config.Succinct)
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceAggregatedParallelRun(aggregator.nodeCount, aggregator.config.Succinct)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerBeforeSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites = append(aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites, setupSummary)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerAfterSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites = append(aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites, setupSummary)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerSpecCompletion(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
aggregator.completedSpecs = append(aggregator.completedSpecs, specSummary)
aggregator.specs = append(aggregator.specs, specSummary)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) flushCompletedSpecs() {
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) != aggregator.nodeCount {
return
}
for _, setupSummary := range aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites {
aggregator.announceBeforeSuite(setupSummary)
}
for _, specSummary := range aggregator.completedSpecs {
aggregator.announceSpec(specSummary)
}
for _, setupSummary := range aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites {
aggregator.announceAfterSuite(setupSummary)
}
aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites = []*types.SetupSummary{}
aggregator.completedSpecs = []*types.SpecSummary{}
aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites = []*types.SetupSummary{}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) announceBeforeSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceCapturedOutput(setupSummary.CapturedOutput)
if setupSummary.State != types.SpecStatePassed {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceBeforeSuiteFailure(setupSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) announceAfterSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceCapturedOutput(setupSummary.CapturedOutput)
if setupSummary.State != types.SpecStatePassed {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceAfterSuiteFailure(setupSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) announceSpec(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
if aggregator.config.Verbose && specSummary.State != types.SpecStatePending && specSummary.State != types.SpecStateSkipped {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecWillRun(specSummary)
}
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceCapturedOutput(specSummary.CapturedOutput)
switch specSummary.State {
case types.SpecStatePassed:
if specSummary.IsMeasurement {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuccessfulMeasurement(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct)
} else if specSummary.RunTime.Seconds() >= aggregator.config.SlowSpecThreshold {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuccessfulSlowSpec(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct)
} else {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuccessfulSpec(specSummary)
}
case types.SpecStatePending:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnouncePendingSpec(specSummary, aggregator.config.NoisyPendings && !aggregator.config.Succinct)
case types.SpecStateSkipped:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSkippedSpec(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct || !aggregator.config.NoisySkippings, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
case types.SpecStateTimedOut:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecTimedOut(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
case types.SpecStatePanicked:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecPanicked(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
case types.SpecStateFailed:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecFailed(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerSuiteEnding(suite *types.SuiteSummary) (finished bool, passed bool) {
aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings = append(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings, suite)
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings) < aggregator.nodeCount {
return false, false
}
aggregatedSuiteSummary := &types.SuiteSummary{}
aggregatedSuiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded = true
for _, suiteSummary := range aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings {
if !suiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded {
aggregatedSuiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded = false
}
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfSpecsThatWillBeRun += suiteSummary.NumberOfSpecsThatWillBeRun
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfTotalSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfTotalSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfPassedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfPassedSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfFailedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfFailedSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfPendingSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfPendingSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfSkippedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfSkippedSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfFlakedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfFlakedSpecs
}
aggregatedSuiteSummary.RunTime = time.Since(aggregator.startTime)
aggregator.stenographer.SummarizeFailures(aggregator.specs)
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecRunCompletion(aggregatedSuiteSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct)
return true, aggregatedSuiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded
}
``` |
Gaza fischeri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Margaritidae.
Description
(Original description by W.H. Dall) The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 30 mm. This shell iconsists of six and a half whorls, and closely resembles Gaza daedala, except in the following particulars. It is much more depressed proportionally. The upper margin of the aperture is distinctly depressed below its general plane. The radiating lines, almost microscopic in Gaza daedala, are in this form impressed in the early whorls near the suture, so as to produce a succession of short ripples, following the recurved lines of growth, which give a fringe-like ornamentation to the suture, at the rate of about five ripples to a millimeter. The margin of the suture in this form is distinctly appressed, forming a narrow border. The operculum has about seven whorls. The umbilicus is completely floored over.
The soft parts are like those of Gaza superba, but the tentacles are shorter and stouter, the lateral lobes of the epipodium proportionally larger. There is one more lateral process, and the muzzle is not so much expanded laterally at its termination.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Lesser Antilles at depths between 604 m and 1061 m.
References
Luiz Ricardo L. Simone & Carlo M. Cunha, Revision of genera Gaza and Callogaza (Vetigastropoda, Trochidae), with description of a new Brazilian species; Zootaxa1318: 1–40 (2006)
Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
External links
fischeri
Gastropods described in 1889 |
Yampil or Yampol (; ; ; Old Polish: Jampol) is an urban-type settlement in Shepetivka Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located 25 miles southeast of Kremenets. Yampil hosts the administration of Yampil settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: The city is along the Highway H02.
Until 18 July 2020, Yampil belonged to Bilohiria Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Bilohiria Raion was merged into Shepetivka Raion.
Geography
The city is located along Horyn River, a tributary of the Pripyat, and is part of the , while straddling the border with Lesser Polissia.[uk] Yampol is located in the more elevated part of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, in the Volyn highlands, where the average elevation is 329 meters above sea level.
History
During most of the 16th century, Yampil was part of Ruthenian feudal land, owned by various nobles. On January 30, 1535, Nobleman Hrytsko and sold the , which encompassed modern-day Yampil, to Prince Janusz, Bishop of Vilnius, for either 150 Lithuanian kopa or 460 silver rubles. He renamed the city Yanushpol (Янушполем), which is the etymology for the modern-day name of the russified Yampil. Following the Union of Lublin, Yampil, along with the rest of the Volhynian Voivodeship, became a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Following the Second Partition of Poland, Yampil fell under control of Imperial Russia. It was part of the Kremenetsky Uyezd in the Volhynia Governorate. Following the Russian Revolution, it eventually became a part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Jewish community and Holocaust
The Jewish community of Yampol dates back to at least the 15th century. In the early 18th century, The Cossack armies of Bogdan Khmelnytsky devastated the area's Jewish population. Blood libel in the 17th and 18th centuries caused additional attacks to the Jewish people. In 1919, Cossack Hetman Shisko led a pogrom against the Jews in the town that contributed to the destruction of Jewish property and the deaths of many Jewish residents.
In an interview with the USC Shoah Foundation, Jewish former resident of Yampol Ida Kritman recounted the settlement's invasion by the Nazis. Following the July 3rd, 1941 invasion, 852 of the surviving Jews were registered by Nazi forces. In September of 1941, Nazi policemen gathered Jews in the town square, before sending them to Bilohiria. The houses of Jews were taken down by locals. Yampilese Jews stayed in the Bilohiria Ghetto until June 27th, 1942, when they were evacuated by the Nazis, taken to nearby woodland area, and shot, most likely by the Einsatzgruppen. It is believed that Kritman was the only survivor of the Liakhovets (now: Bilohiria) Ghetto.
Yampol's most distinguished rabbi was Rabbi Yechiel Michel of Zlotshov ("Reb Mechele") the Maggid of Zlotshov and his son Reb Yosef of Yampol. Michel was a disciple of the Baal Shem Tov, and is buried in the town. Similarly, the "Noda Bihuda" (Rabbi Yechezkel Landau) served as Rav in the town, before moving to Prague.
The city is known for its historic Jewish cemetery, where the first Ohel over a Hasidic grave site was built - over Rabbi Yechiel Michel's grave. (The Ohalim over the graves of Rabbi Michel's masters, the "Baal Shem Tov" and "Magid Of Mezritch", were built years later.) This was copied by other Hasidic Dynasties. Rabbi Moshe Landau, the current chief rabbi of Yampol, had pumped millions of dollars into the town to restore historic parts of Yampol; although he is still a resident of Yampol, his main residence is in New York, and he travels to Ukraine frequently for the holidays or special events. He is known as Yampola'r Rebbe. Landau is a direct descendant of Yechezkel, and both are direct descendants of Rashi.
In 2002 the foundation of the original "Ohel" was discovered by the current Yampola'r Rabbi, and a new building was built over the grave sites, which attracts thousands of visitors each year, especially during the summer months; a modern four-star hotel, named "Promenade", was built next to the old cemetery to accommodate the thousands of visitors.
Demographics
In 1765, Yampil had 476 inhabitants. The city had 2,073 residents as of the 2001 Census That number had fallen to 1,854 by 2020.
See also
Bilohiria, the other urban-type settlement in the Bilohiria Raion
References
External links
Weather in Yampol. Погода в Ямполі.
Urban-type settlements in Shepetivka Raion
Kremenetsky Uyezd
Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine
Hasidic Judaism in Ukraine
Jewish Ukrainian history
Holocaust locations in Ukraine |
The American Hockey League (AHL) is a professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental league for the National Hockey League (NHL). When NHL teams do not have an AHL affiliate, players are assigned to AHL teams affiliated with other NHL teams. Twenty-six AHL teams are located in the United States and the remaining six are in Canada. The league offices are located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and its current president is Scott Howson.
A player must be at least 18 years of age to play in the AHL or not currently be beholden to a junior ice hockey team. The league limits the number of experienced professional players on a team's active roster during any given game; only five skaters can have accumulated four full seasons of play or more at the professional level (goaltenders are exempt from this rule and can stay in the AHL indefinitely without being subject to this cap). The AHL allows for practice squad contracts.
The annual playoff champion is awarded the Calder Cup, named for Frank Calder, the first President (1917–1943) of the NHL. The defending champions following the 2022-23 season are the Hershey Bears, winning their 12th Calder Cup.
History
Predecessor leagues
The AHL traces its origins directly to two predecessor professional leagues: the Canadian-American Hockey League (the "Can-Am" League), founded in 1926, and the first International Hockey League, established in 1929. Although the Can-Am League never operated with more than six teams, the departure of the Boston Bruin Cubs after the 1935–36 season reduced it down to just four member clubs: the Springfield Indians, Philadelphia Ramblers, Providence Reds, and New Haven Eagles for the first time in its history. At the same time, the then-rival IHL lost half of its eight members after the 1935–36 season, leaving it with just four member teams: the Buffalo Bisons, Syracuse Stars, Pittsburgh Hornets, and Cleveland Falcons.
1936–1938
With both leagues down to the bare minimum number of teams to be viable, the governors of both leagues recognized the need for action to assure their member clubs' long-term survival. Their solution was to play an interlocking schedule. While the Can-Am was based in the Northeast and the IHL in the Great Lakes, their footprints were close enough for this to be a viable option. The two leagues' eight surviving clubs began joint play in November 1936 as a new two-division "circuit of mutual convenience" known as the International-American Hockey League. The four Can-Am teams became the I-AHL East Division, with the IHL quartet playing as the West Division. The IHL also contributed its former championship trophy, the F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy, which would go to the regular-season winners of the merged league's West Division until 1952. The Oke Trophy is now awarded to the regular-season winners of the AHL's Northeast Division.
A little more than a month into that first season, the balance and symmetry of the new combined circuit suffered a setback when its membership unexpectedly fell to seven teams. The West's Buffalo Bisons were forced to cease operations on December 6, 1936, after playing just 11 games, because of what proved to be insurmountable financial problems and lack of access to a suitable arena; the Bisons' original arena, Peace Bridge Arena, had collapsed the previous season (a new Buffalo Bisons team would return to the league in 1940 after a new arena was constructed for them). The makeshift new I-AHL played out the rest of its first season (as well as all of the next) with just seven teams.
At the end of the 1936–37 season, a modified three-round playoff format was devised and a new championship trophy, the Calder Cup, was established. The Syracuse Stars defeated the Philadelphia Ramblers in the final, three-games-to-one, to win the first-ever Calder Cup championship. The Calder Cup continues on today as the AHL's playoff championship trophy.
Formal consolidation of the I-AHL
After two seasons of interlocking play, the governors of the two leagues' seven active teams met in New York City on June 28, 1938, and agreed that it was time to formally consolidate. Maurice Podoloff of New Haven, the former head of the Can-Am League, was elected the I-AHL's first president. The former IHL president, John Chick of Windsor, Ontario, became vice-president in charge of officials.
The new I-AHL also added an eighth franchise at the 1938 meeting to fill the void in its membership left by the loss of Buffalo two years earlier with the admission of the then two-time defending Eastern Amateur Hockey League (EAHL) champion Hershey Bears. The Bears remain the only one of these eight original I-AHL/AHL franchises to have been represented in the league without interruption since the 1938–39 season. The newly merged circuit also increased its regular-season schedule for each team by six games from 48 to 54.
Contraction, resurrection, and expansion
After the 1939–40 season the I-AHL renamed itself the American Hockey League. It generally enjoyed both consistent success on the ice and relative financial stability over its first three decades of operation. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, however, the cost of doing business in professional ice hockey began to rise sharply with NHL expansion and relocation (the NHL placed teams in Pittsburgh and Buffalo, forcing two long-time AHL clubs, the Pittsburgh Hornets and Buffalo Bisons, to fold) and especially the 1972 formation of the World Hockey Association (WHA), which forced the relocation and subsequent folding of the Cleveland Barons, Baltimore Clippers, and Quebec Aces. The number of major-league teams competing for players rose from six to thirty in just seven years. Player salaries at all levels shot up dramatically with the increased demand and competition for their services.
This did not seem to affect the AHL at first, as it expanded to 12 teams by 1970. However, to help compensate for the rise in player salaries, many NHL clubs cut back on the number of players they kept under contract for development, and players under AHL contracts could now also demand much higher paychecks to remain with their clubs. As a result, half of the AHL's teams folded from 1974 to 1977. The league bottomed out in the summer of 1977, with news that the Rhode Island (formerly Providence) Reds – the last remaining uninterrupted franchise from the 1936–37 season, and the oldest continuously operating minor league franchise in North America – had decided to cease operations after 51 years in Rhode Island.
The AHL appeared in serious danger of folding altogether if this downward trend was not reversed. However, two events in the fall of 1977 helped reverse the trend. The first of these was the decision of the NHL's Philadelphia Flyers to return to the league as a team owner, and the second was the unexpected collapse of the North American Hockey League just weeks before the start of the 1977–78 season.
The Flyers' new AHL franchise became the immediately successful Maine Mariners, which brought the new AHL city of Portland, Maine both the regular-season and Calder Cup playoff titles in each of that club's first two seasons of operation. The folding of the NAHL, meanwhile, suddenly left two of its stronger teams, the Philadelphia Firebirds and Binghamton, New York-based Broome Dusters, without a league to play in. The owners of the Dusters solved their problem by buying the Reds franchise and moving it to Binghamton as the Binghamton Dusters, while the Firebirds crossed over to the AHL from the NAHL. The Dusters and Firebirds, together with the Hampton Gulls (who had joined the league from the Southern Hockey League), boosted the AHL to nine member clubs as the 1977–78 season opened. Hampton folded on February 10, 1978, but was replaced the next year by the New Brunswick Hawks. With franchise stability improving after the demise of the WHA in 1979, the league continued to grow steadily over the years, reaching 20 clubs by the 2000–01 season.
Absorption of the IHL
In 2001–02, the AHL's membership jumped dramatically to 27 teams, mostly by the absorption of six teams—Milwaukee, Chicago, Houston, Utah, Manitoba, and Grand Rapids—from the International Hockey League. The IHL had established itself as the second top-level minor league circuit in North America, but folded in 2001 due to financial problems. One oddity caused by the AHL's 2001 expansion was that the league had two teams with the same nickname: the Milwaukee Admirals and the Norfolk Admirals. The latter team transferred to the league from the mid-level ECHL in 2000. This situation lasted until the end of the 2014–15 season when the Norfolk team moved to San Diego and was replaced by another ECHL team with the same name.
The Utah Grizzlies suspended operations after the 2004–05 season (the franchise was sold in 2006 and returned to the ice in Cleveland in 2007 as the Lake Erie Monsters, now known as the Cleveland Monsters). The Chicago Wolves (2002, 2008), Houston Aeros (2003), Milwaukee Admirals (2004), and Grand Rapids Griffins (2013, 2017) have all won Calder Cup titles since joining the AHL from the IHL. Chicago and Milwaukee have also made multiple trips to the Calder Cup Finals, and Houston made their second Finals appearance in 2011.
The Manitoba Moose moved to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador in 2011 and were renamed the St. John's IceCaps after the NHL's Atlanta Thrashers moved to Winnipeg as the second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets. In 2013, Houston moved to Des Moines, Iowa to become the Iowa Wild. This left Chicago, Grand Rapids and Milwaukee as the only ex-IHL teams still in their original cities until the 2015 relocations when the IceCaps moved back to Winnipeg as the Manitoba Moose.
Relocations and western shift
Beginning with the 2015–16 season, twelve franchises have since relocated due to NHL parent clubs' influence on their development teams and players. Of the twelve relocated franchises, nine were relocated because they were directly owned by NHL teams and the NHL parent club wished to make call-ups from the AHL more practical by having closer affiliates.
In January 2015, the AHL announced the relocation of five existing AHL franchises—Adirondack, Manchester, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, and Worcester—to California as the basis for a new "Pacific Division" becoming Stockton, Ontario, San Diego, Bakersfield, and San Jose respectively. The relocated teams were all affiliated and owned or purchased by teams in the NHL's Pacific Division. The franchise movements continued with two more relocations involving Canadian teams with the St. John's IceCaps going back to Winnipeg as the Manitoba Moose and the Hamilton Bulldogs becoming another iteration of the IceCaps to fulfill the arena contract in St. John's.
In the following seasons, more NHL organizations influenced league membership. In 2016, the Springfield Falcons franchise was purchased by the Arizona Coyotes and relocated to become the Tucson Roadrunners and join the one-year-old Pacific Division. The Falcons were subsequently replaced by the Springfield Thunderbirds, the relocated Portland Pirates franchise under a new ownership group. The Montreal Canadiens-owned IceCaps relocated to the Montreal suburb of Laval, Quebec, and became the Laval Rocket in 2017. The Binghamton Senators were also purchased by the Ottawa Senators and were relocated to Belleville, Ontario, to become the Belleville Senators while the New Jersey Devils' owned Albany Devils were relocated to become the Binghamton Devils.
For the 2018–19 season, a 31st team joined the league with the Colorado Eagles as the NHL's Colorado Avalanche affiliate. With the NHL planning to expand to 32 teams in 2021 with the Seattle Kraken, the Seattle ownership group was approved for a 2021 AHL expansion team, later announced to be the Coachella Valley Firebirds based in Palm Springs, California, following the construction of a new arena. The original plans for the new arena was eventually cancelled and the team postponed their launch by year while new arena plans were developed.
In February 2020, the San Antonio Rampage franchise was bought and relocated by the NHL's Vegas Golden Knights for the 2020–21 season as the Henderson Silver Knights and was moved to the Pacific Division. For the 2021–22 season, the Vancouver Canucks relocated their franchise from Utica to Abbotsford while the Utica Comets agreed to relocate and operate the franchise that was operating as the Binghamton Devils. On May 23, 2022, it was announced that the Stockton Heat would be relocating to Calgary, Alberta, starting the 2022–23 season.
For the 2023–24 season, the Chicago Wolves would be the league's only independent team, making them the first team to be independent in an AHL season since the 1994–95 Worcester IceCats. Consequently, the Carolina Hurricanes became the only NHL team currently without an AHL affiliate.
Teams
Notes
Timeline
All-time team list
Bold teams means they are still active
Buffalo Bisons (1) (1936; folded)
Cleveland Falcons (1936–37; renamed the Cleveland Barons)
New Haven Eagles (1936–43; folded during World War II resurrected 1945)
Philadelphia Ramblers (1936–41, renamed Philadelphia Rockets)
Pittsburgh Hornets (1936–56; went on hiatus to wait for new arena, returned 1961)
Providence Reds (1936–76; renamed Rhode Island Reds)
Springfield Indians (1936–42; suspended during World War II; returned 1946)
Syracuse Stars (1936–40; became Buffalo Bisons)
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973; became Jacksonville Barons)
Hershey Bears (1938–present)
Indianapolis Capitals (1939–52; folded)
Buffalo Bisons (2) (1940–70; folded)
Philadelphia Rockets (1941–42; folded)
Washington Lions (1941–43; folded)
St. Louis Flyers (1944–53; folded)
New Haven Eagles (1945–46, renamed New Haven Ramblers)
Springfield Indians (1946–51; became Syracuse Warriors)
Philadelphia Rockets (1946–49; folded)
New Haven Ramblers (1946–50, renamed New Haven Eagles)
Washington Lions (1947–49; became Cincinnati Mohawks)
Cincinnati Mohawks (1949–52; transferred to IHL)
New Haven Eagles (1950–51, folded)
Syracuse Warriors (1951–54; became Springfield Indians)
Springfield Indians (1954–67; renamed Springfield Kings)
Rochester Americans (1956–present)
Quebec Aces (1959–71; became Richmond Robins)
Pittsburgh Hornets (1961–67; folded)
Baltimore Clippers (1962–76; folded)
Springfield Kings (1967–74; renamed Springfield Indians)
Montreal Voyageurs (1969–71; became Nova Scotia Voyageurs)
Nova Scotia Voyageurs (1971–84; became Sherbrooke Canadiens)
Boston Braves (1971–74; suspended, became Moncton Hawks)
Cincinnati Swords (1971–74; folded)
Richmond Robins (1971–76; folded)
Tidewater Wings (1971–72; played in Norfolk; renamed Virginia Wings)
Virginia Wings (1972–75; played in Norfolk; became Adirondack Red Wings)
Jacksonville Barons (1973–74; folded, franchise purchased and became Syracuse Eagles)
New Haven Nighthawks (1972–92; became New Haven Senators)
Springfield Indians (1974–94; became Worcester IceCats)
Syracuse Eagles (1974–75; folded)
Rhode Island Reds (1976–77; became Binghamton Dusters)
Hampton Gulls (1977–78; folded midseason)
Binghamton Dusters (1977–80; renamed Binghamton Whalers)
Maine Mariners (1977–92; original franchise became Utica Devils; expansion franchise became Providence Bruins)
Philadelphia Firebirds (1977–79; became Syracuse Firebirds)
New Brunswick Hawks (1978–82; became St. Catharines Saints)
Adirondack Red Wings (1979–99; became San Antonio Rampage)
Syracuse Firebirds (1979–80; folded)
Binghamton Whalers (1980–90; renamed Binghamton Rangers)
Erie Blades (1981–82; merged into Baltimore Skipjacks)
Fredericton Express (1981–88; became Halifax Citadels)
Baltimore Skipjacks (1982–93; became Portland Pirates)
Moncton Alpines (1982–84; renamed Moncton Golden Flames)
Sherbrooke Jets (1982–84; folded)
St. Catharines Saints (1982–86; became Newmarket Saints)
Nova Scotia Oilers (1984–88; became Cape Breton Oilers)
Sherbrooke Canadiens (1984–90; became Fredericton Canadiens)
Moncton Golden Flames (1984–87; folded)
Newmarket Saints (1986–91; became St. John's Maple Leafs)
Moncton Hawks (1987–94; folded)
Utica Devils (1987–93; became Saint John Flames)
Cape Breton Oilers (1988–96; became Hamilton Bulldogs)
Halifax Citadels (1988–93; became Cornwall Aces)
Binghamton Rangers (1990–97; became Hartford Wolf Pack)
Capital District Islanders (1990–93; became Albany River Rats)
Fredericton Canadiens (1990–99; became Quebec Citadelles)
St. John's Maple Leafs (1991–2005; became Toronto Marlies)
Providence Bruins (1992–present)
Hamilton Canucks (1992–94; became Syracuse Crunch)
New Haven Senators (1992–93; became Prince Edward Island Senators)
Albany River Rats (1993–2010; became Charlotte Checkers)
Portland Pirates (1993–2016, became Springfield Thunderbirds)
Prince Edward Island Senators (1993–96; became Binghamton Senators)
Saint John Flames (1993–2003; became Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights)
Cornwall Aces (1993–96; dormant until 1999 and became Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins)
Springfield Falcons (1994–2016; became Tucson Roadrunners)
Syracuse Crunch (1994–present)
Worcester IceCats (1994–2005; became Peoria Rivermen)
Baltimore Bandits (1995–97; became Cincinnati Mighty Ducks)
Carolina Monarchs (1995–97; became Beast of New Haven)
Philadelphia Phantoms (1996–2009; became Adirondack Phantoms)
Hamilton Bulldogs (1996–2015; became second version of the St. John's IceCaps)
Kentucky Thoroughblades (1996–2001; became Cleveland Barons)
Cincinnati Mighty Ducks (1997–2005; became Rockford IceHogs)
Beast of New Haven (1997–99; folded)
Hartford Wolf Pack (1997–2010, 2013–present; became Connecticut Whale from 2010–13)
Lowell Lock Monsters (1998–2006; became Lowell Devils)
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins (1999–present)
Louisville Panthers (1999–2001; became Iowa Stars)
Quebec Citadelles (1999–2002; merged with Hamilton Bulldogs)
Norfolk Admirals (2000–15; became the San Diego Gulls)
Bridgeport Sound Tigers (2001–2021; became Bridgeport Islanders)
Chicago Wolves (2001–present)
Grand Rapids Griffins (2001–present)
Houston Aeros (2001–13; became Iowa Wild)
Manchester Monarchs (2001–15; became the Ontario Reign)
Milwaukee Admirals (2001–present)
Cleveland Barons (2001–06; became Worcester Sharks)
Manitoba Moose (2001–11, 2015–present; were the St. John's IceCaps from 2011–2015)
Utah Grizzlies (2001–05; became Lake Erie Monsters)
Binghamton Senators (2002–17; became the Belleville Senators in 2017)
San Antonio Rampage (2002–20; became Henderson Silver Knights)
Toronto Roadrunners (2003–04; split from Hamilton Bulldogs, became Edmonton Road Runners)
Edmonton Road Runners (2004–05; dormant 2005–2010, became the Oklahoma City Barons)
Iowa Stars (2005–08; became Iowa Chops)
Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights (2005–07; became Quad City Flames)
Peoria Rivermen (2005–13; became Utica Comets)
Toronto Marlies (2005–present)
Lowell Devils (2006–10; became Albany Devils)
Worcester Sharks (2006–15; became the San Jose Barracuda)
Lake Erie Monsters (2007–16; renamed Cleveland Monsters)
Quad City Flames (2007–09; became Abbotsford Heat)
Rockford IceHogs (2007–present)
Iowa Chops (2008–09; became Texas Stars)
Adirondack Phantoms (2009–14; became Lehigh Valley Phantoms)
Texas Stars (2009–present)
Abbotsford Heat (2009–14; became Adirondack Flames)
Albany Devils (2010–17; became the Binghamton Devils in 2017)
Charlotte Checkers (2010–present)
Oklahoma City Barons (2010–15; became the Bakersfield Condors)
Connecticut Whale (2010–13; reverted to Hartford Wolf Pack)
St. John's IceCaps (2011–17; original franchise became the Manitoba Moose in 2015, second franchise became the Laval Rocket in 2017)
Iowa Wild (2013–present)
Utica Comets (2013–present; original franchise relocated to Abbotsford in 2021)
Adirondack Flames (2014–15; became the Stockton Heat)
Lehigh Valley Phantoms (2014–present)
Bakersfield Condors (2015–present)
Ontario Reign (2015–present)
San Diego Gulls (2015–present)
San Jose Barracuda (2015–present)
Stockton Heat (2015–22; became the Calgary Wranglers)
Cleveland Monsters (2016–present)
Springfield Thunderbirds (2016–present)
Tucson Roadrunners (2016–present)
Belleville Senators (2017–present)
Binghamton Devils (2017–21; became second version of the Utica Comets)
Laval Rocket (2017–present)
Colorado Eagles (2018–present)
Henderson Silver Knights (2020–present)
Abbotsford Canucks (2021–present)
Bridgeport Islanders (2021–present)
Calgary Wranglers (2022–present)
Coachella Valley Firebirds (2022–present)
Presidents
All-Star Game
The American Hockey League first held an All-Star Game in the 1941–42 season. The event was not played again until the 1954–55 season, and was then held annually until the 1959–60 season. In the 1994–95 season, the AHL revived the events again, and has been played every season until the COVID-19 pandemic cancelled the events in 2021 and 2022. The skills competition was first introduced for the 1995–96 season. From 1996 to 2010, the game took place between a team of players born outside of Canada and a team of players born within Canada. The All-Star Game was replaced by an all-star challenge between the league's divisions from the 2015–16 season onward. The challenge consists of six round-robin games between the league's divisions; the top two divisions in the challenge's round-robin phase advance to a six-minute championship game. The winning division of the championship game is declared the winner of the all-star challenge.
Outdoor games
Since the 2009–10 season, at least one team in the AHL has hosted an outdoor ice hockey game each year. The Syracuse Crunch was the first organization to put on an outdoor game in the AHL on February 20, 2010, building a rink at the New York State Fairgrounds in Syracuse, New York, and packing a record 21,508 fans in for the Mirabito Outdoor Classic against the Binghamton Senators. The contest, which was also televised to an international audience on NHL Network, was won by the Crunch, 2–1.
The Connecticut Whale hosted the Whale Bowl, the AHL's second outdoor game held on February 19, 2011 as part of a 10-day Whalers Hockey Fest at Rentschler Field in East Hartford, Connecticut. Attendance for Connecticut's game against the Providence Bruins was announced at 21,673, the largest in AHL history to that point. Providence won, 5–4, in a shootout.
On January 6, 2012, the largest crowd in AHL history saw the Adirondack Phantoms defeat the Hershey Bears, 4–3, in overtime before 45,653 fans at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia, as the final event of the week-long activities associated with the 2012 NHL Winter Classic, which also included a game between the Philadelphia Flyers and the New York Rangers on Jan 2 and an alumni game between retired players (including eight honored members of the Hockey Hall of Fame) of those two clubs on December 31, 2011. The contest was the third outdoor game in AHL history and it more than doubled the league's previous single-game attendance mark.
On January 21, 2012, the Steeltown Showdown between Ontario rivals, the Toronto Marlies and Hamilton Bulldogs, was held at Ivor Wynne Stadium in Hamilton, Ontario, with the Marlies winning 7–2 in front of 20,565 fans, the largest crowd ever for an AHL game in Canada. The AHL game was preceded the previous night by a game between Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens alumni.
Two outdoor games were announced for the 2012–13 AHL season, but a meeting between the Grand Rapids Griffins and Toronto Marlies at Comerica Park in Detroit as part of the festivities surrounding the NHL Winter Classic was not held because of the cancellation of the NHL Winter Classic. On January 20, 2013, the Hershey Bears and Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins met outdoors at Hersheypark Stadium in Hershey, Pennsylvania with the Penguins earning a 2–1 overtime victory in front of 17,311 fans.
The Rochester Americans hosted an outdoor game in 2013–14, the Frozen Frontier, which was held at Frontier Field in Rochester, New York, on December 13, 2013. The Americans took a 5–4 decision in a shootout against the Lake Erie Monsters before a standing-room crowd of 11,015 fans. A year after their originally scheduled date, the Griffins and Marlies played at Comerica Park on December 30, 2013, and Toronto prevailed in a shootout, 4–3, becoming the first AHL team ever with two outdoor wins. Attendance in Detroit was 20,337.
As part of the recent addition of the Pacific Division, the AHL played its first outdoor hockey game in California during the 2015–16 season, called the Golden State Hockey Rush. On December 18, 2015, the Stockton Heat hosted the Bakersfield Condors at Raley Field in West Sacramento, California. Stockton defeated Bakersfield 3–2 in front of 9,357 fans.
For the second consecutive season, the AHL played an outdoor game in California. The Bakersfield Condors were named as hosts for their second outdoor game against the Ontario Reign to be held on January 7, 2017, at Bakersfield College's Memorial Stadium and was called the Condorstown Outdoor Classic. Despite sometimes heavy rain during the first period, the game went on as scheduled and the Condors defeated the Reign 3–2 in overtime.
Although technically not an outdoor game, the Syracuse Crunch defeated the Utica Comets 2–1 on November 22, 2014 at the Carrier Dome, normally a college football stadium.
International Games
Teams from the AHL have competed against non-North American teams, in both international tournaments and one-off matchups.
Rochester Americans participated in the 1996 and 2013 editions of the Spengler Cup, held in Davos, Switzerland. The Spengler Cup is an annual invitational tournament featuring teams from leagues around Europe and the world. The participation of the AHL in future Spengler Cups has been discussed by both the tournament organizers and league leadership.
In February 2018, the Ontario Reign hosted and defeated the DEL’s Eisbären Berlin, 6-3, in a friendly matchup organized by Anschutz Entertainment Group, the owner of both teams.
AHL Hall of Fame
The formation of an American Hockey League Hall of Fame was announced by the league on December 15, 2005, created to recognize, honor and celebrate individuals for their outstanding achievements and contributions specifically in the AHL.
Trophies and awards
The following is a list of awards of the American Hockey League. The season the award was first handed out is listed in parentheses.
Individual awards
Les Cunningham Award – Most valuable player (1947–48)
John B. Sollenberger Trophy – Top point scorer (1947–48)
Willie Marshall Award – Top goal scorer (2003–04)
Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award – Rookie of the year (1947–48)
Eddie Shore Award – Defenceman of the year (1958–59)
Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award – Best Goaltender (1983–84)
Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award – Lowest Goals against average (1947–48)
Louis A.R. Pieri Memorial Award – Coach of the year (1967–68)
Fred T. Hunt Memorial Award – Sportsmanship / Perseverance (1977–78)
Yanick Dupre Memorial Award – Community Service Award (1997–98)
Jack A. Butterfield Trophy – MVP of the playoffs (1983–84)
Team awards
Calder Cup – Playoffs champions (1936–37)
Richard F. Canning Trophy – Eastern Conference playoff champions (1989–90)
Robert W. Clarke Trophy – Western Conference playoff champions (1989–90)
Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy – Regular season champions, League (1997–98)
Frank Mathers Trophy – Regular Season champions, Eastern Conference (1995–96)
Norman R. "Bud" Poile Trophy – Regular Season champions, Western Conference (2001–02)
Emile Francis Trophy – Regular Season champions, Atlantic Division (2001–02)
F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy – Regular Season champions, North Division (1936–37)†
Sam Pollock Trophy – Regular Season champions, Central Division (1995–96)
John D. Chick Trophy – Regular Season champions, Pacific Division (1961–62)
† Trophy predates American Hockey League, established 1926–27 in the Canadian Professional Hockey League.
Other awards
James C. Hendy Memorial Award – Executive of the Year (1961–62)
Thomas Ebright Memorial Award – Outstanding career contributions (1997–98)
James H. Ellery Memorial Awards – Outstanding media coverage (1964–65)
Ken McKenzie Award – Marketing Executive of the Year (1978–79)
Michael Condon Memorial Award – Outstanding service, On-ice official (2001–02)
President's Awards – two annual awards given out by the AHL. The first award is presented to an AHL organization and recognizes "excellence in all areas off the ice." The second is given to a player as recognition of outstanding accomplishments in that year (2008–09)
Sources:
AHL Hall of Fame
hockeydb.com
See also
American Hockey Association (1926–1942)
List of AHL head coaches
List of AHL seasons
List of American Hockey League arenas
List of sports attendance figures
Minor league
List of ice hockey leagues
Professional Hockey Players' Association, the collective bargaining union for AHL players
References
External links
Historic standings and statistics – at Internet Hockey Database
Minor league ice hockey
Articles which contain graphical timelines
1936 establishments in North America
Sports leagues established in 1936
Professional ice hockey leagues in the United States
Professional ice hockey leagues in Canada
Multi-national professional sports leagues
Second tier ice hockey leagues
Multi-national ice hockey leagues in North America |
Zdeněk Douša (born 5 March 1947) is a Czech former basketball player. He was voted to the Czechoslovakian 20th Century Team in 2001.
With the senior Czechoslovakian national team, Douša competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics, the 1976 Summer Olympics, and the 1980 Summer Olympics. With Czechoslovakia, he also won the bronze medal at the 1977 EuroBasket.
See also
Czechoslovak Basketball League career stats leaders
References
External links
FIBA Profile
1947 births
Living people
Czechoslovak men's basketball players
Olympic basketball players for Czechoslovakia
Basketball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Prague
1970 FIBA World Championship players
1974 FIBA World Championship players
1978 FIBA World Championship players
Czech men's basketball players |
Beaucarnea olsonii is a plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Mexico. The species is named for the botanist Mark E. Olson.
Description
Beaucarnea olsonii grows as a tree-like plant up to tall. The trunk is greatly swollen at the base, with a diameter of up to . Its gray bark is scaly. The sword-shaped leaves measure up to long. Its inflorescences bear whitish flowers.
Distribution and habitat
Beaucarnea olsonii is endemic to Mexico, where it is found in Puebla and Oaxaca. Its habitat is in deciduous forests, on hillsides at altitudes of .
Conservation
Beaucarnea olsonii has been assessed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by conversion of its habitat for agriculture and human settlement and by fires. The species does not occur in any protected areas.
References
olsonii
Endemic flora of Mexico
Flora of Puebla
Flora of Oaxaca
Plants described in 2016 |
Pakuba is a location in Northern Uganda.
Location
Pakuba is located in Nwoya District, Acholi sub-region, in Northern Uganda. It is situated in Murchison Falls National Park. This location lies approximately , by road, south of Pakwach, and approximately , by road, northwest of Masindi Pakuba is located approximately , by airplane, from Entebbe International Airport. The coordinates of Pakuba are:02 20 06N, 31 28 12E (Latitude:2.3350; Longitude:31.4700).
Overview
Pakuba is situated on the eastern bank of the Albert Nile, as the river leaves Lake Albert on its way out of Uganda and into Southern Sudan. During the 1960s, Pakuba was the location of Pakuba Lodge, then a member of the now defunct Uganda Hotels chain. During the 1970s Idi Amin turned the lodge into a State Lodge, for his personal use and enjoyment, as the President of Uganda. Over the years, since his ouster from power in 1979, the facilities went into disrepair. The property is now managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority and is undergoing renovations. It is expected to re-open for the use of the touring public in 2010.
In 2009, oil exploration in the region around Pakuba, has resulted in oil strikes. The commercial viability of the oil discoveries and how commercial exploitation of those discoveries will balance with the conservation interests are yet to be worked out.
Landmarks
The landmarks within or near Pakuba include:
Pakuba Safari Lodge - A private safari lodge, that will become operational in 2010.
Pakuba Airport - A public airport administered by the Uganda Civil Aviation Authority
Murchison Falls - The Nile River squeezes through a narrow gorge, only wide, then plunges to form the falls.
See also
Pakuba Airport
Kabalega Falls Airport
Murchison Falls National Park
Murchison Falls
Nwoya District
Acholi sub-region
Northern Region, Uganda
References
External links
Profile of Murchison Falls National Park
Paraa Safari Lodge Homepage
Nwoya District
Populated places in Northern Region, Uganda |
This is a list of films produced, co-financed and distributed by StudioCanal.
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
References
Lists of films by studio |
The SNP file format was used by Microsoft Access to store Report Snapshots in a single file which can be viewed and printed by the Microsoft Snapshot Viewer, a Windows program available free of charge from Microsoft that allows report output to be viewed without requiring Access. Support for the format was discontinued in Access 2010 and later versions; Access reports can be exported in PDF/XPS and Excel formats viewable on many platforms.
SNP files are based on the Microsoft Compound File Binary Format (CFBF), which is also the basis for the Advanced Authoring Format (AAF). CFBF is a reasonably simple container format which can store multiple files, directories and so on. For SNP files, Microsoft Access uses CFBF to store each page as a separate Enhanced Metafile (EMF)-like format containing all of the graphics commands required to reproduce the page.
The last CFBF record in an SNP file is a 'HEADER' file, which primarily contains a DEVMODE structure. Data from this structure is used to render the SNP file in Microsoft Snapshot Viewer, in conjunction with the default printer selected.
As CFBF files are not compressed, Microsoft's CAB format is used to reduce the size of the CFBF, producing a file which may be only a few kilobytes in size for each page of text and simple graphics—lines, boxes, etc.
References
Computer file formats
Digital container formats |
Our Christmas may refer to:
Our Christmas (Sanna Nielsen, Shirley Clamp & Sonja Aldén album), 2008
Our Christmas (compilation album), a 1990 album released jointly on Reunion Records and Word Records |
James St. Ledger (1754–1834) was Archdeacon of Cloyne from 1789 until 1810.
St. Ledger was born in Cork and educated at Trinity College, Dublin He held incumbencies at Gortroe and Castletown.
References
Christian clergy from Cork (city)
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Archdeacons of Cloyne
1754 births
1834 deaths |
Crescent Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Eureka County, Nevada, United States, directly off Nevada State Route 306. It is the site of Crescent Valley Elementary School, Crescent Valley Fair Grounds, and Crescent Valley Community Park. The census-designated place (CDP) of Crescent Valley had a population of 483 as of the 2020 census.
Crescent Valley is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
A post office had been in operation at Crescent Valley since 1963, closing in 2008. A small store at the SE corner of 2nd street and SR306 has one of the only “Village Post Offices” in the state of Nevada. Postal boxes to receive mail were installed at the Fairgrounds. Mail is delivered from the Post Office in Carlin, NV by auto.
The community takes its name from the valley in which it is located, which in turn was named on account of its crescent shape.
Education
While the only school in town is an elementary school, students who attend middle high school are bussed to the Battle Mountain Junior and Senior High Schools in Battle Mountain. Crescent Valley enjoys an Education Index that is above the Nevada state average.
Crescent Valley has a public library, a branch of the Elko-Lander-Eureka County Library System.
Geography
Crescent Valley is located along the western border of Eureka County, south of Interstate 80 and north of Austin. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Crescent Valley CDP has an area of , all of it land. The town itself is about 1 mile in length and width with houses and streets on the outskirts reaching as far as 2 miles south and .6 miles north.
Demographics
Recreation and holidays
The park in Crescent Valley is a small area consisting of two pavilions, a large area for picnicking complete with barbecues, a bathroom, a baseball field for the CVES youth baseball teams, a playground, a basketball court, and a horseshoe tossing area. The dirt hills and ditches on the outskirts of Crescent Valley are the perfect type of terrain to enjoy some dirt biking, which is the common interest between the younger kids and teens.
The town celebrates all holidays at the fairgrounds, also known as the community center, including "Founder's Day" near the end of June. Founders Day is the celebration of the town itself with games such as horseshoe tossing near the park and pig chasing at the fairgrounds. Other holidays usually are celebrated by special events and dinners at the fairgrounds. Easter is celebrated with an Easter egg hunt and a raffle for prizes at The Ranch House bar and grill on the north side of town. Trick-or-treaters can be found all throughout the town on Halloween, and every year a special "Christmas Carol" Hayride is organized in December.
Environment
According to the 2010 Air Pollution Index, Crescent Valley's air pollution is below the national average.
See also
List of census-designated places in Nevada
References
External links
Eureka County website
Crescent Valley Branch Library
Census-designated places in Nevada
Census-designated places in Eureka County, Nevada
Elko, Nevada micropolitan area |
Pukar (transl. Call) is a 1983 Indian Hindi-language action film, directed by Ramesh Behl, starring Amitabh Bachchan, Randhir Kapoor, Zeenat Aman and Tina Munim. It is a film about freedom fighters trying to liberate Goa from the Portuguese.
Scenes of the film were shot in Daman and Diu.
Cast
Amitabh Bachchan as Ramdas/Ronnie
Randhir Kapoor as Shekar Nagare
Zeenat Aman as Julie
Tina Munim as Usha
Prem Chopra as Montero
Sudhir Dalvi as Dinanath, Ramdas Father
Shriram Lagoo as Purandare
P. Jairaj as Narvekar
Om Shivpuri as Dayanand, Father of Shekhar Nagare
Chand Usmani as Saraswati, Mother of Shekhar Nagare
Pinchoo Kapoor as Mr Kamat, father of Usha
Sudha Chopra as Mrs Kamat, mother of Usha
Sujit Kumar as Hasmukh
Satyendra Kapoor as Gopal
Viju Khote as Kiran Bhandare
Shubha Khote as Young Julie's Mother
Narendra Nath as Jaggu
Sharat Saxena as Pablo
Radha Bartake as Anjali, Gopal Daughter
Shiva Rindani
Gurbachan Singh as Godfre
Gautam Sarin as Portuguese police Officer
Azaad Irani as Latif
Soundtrack
Music Direction: R. D. Burman, Lyrics: Gulshan Bawra, Audio: Polydor now Universal Music Group
The music for all the songs were composed by Rahul Dev Burman and penned by Gulshan Bawra.
References
External links
1983 films
1980s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Ramesh Behl
Films scored by R. D. Burman
Films set in Goa
Films shot in Daman and Diu
Goa liberation movement
Rose Audio Visuals |
DTN or DtN may refer to:
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood
Delay-tolerant networking, or Disruption-tolerant networking, an approach to computer network architecture
DTN (company), provider of specialized news services with data from financial markets, weather, etc.
Decision Theater North, an immersive visualization space for complex decision making in Fairbanks, Alaska
Down to Nothing, a straight-edge hardcore band from Richmond, Virginia
Dorsal tegmental nucleus, a brain region
Dictius Te Necare (Latin: "You must kill yourself") a 1996 album by German black metal band Bethlehem
Daystar Television Network, an evangelical Christian television broadcaster
the IATA airport code for Shreveport Downtown Airport in Shreveport, Louisiana
the UK railway station code for Denton railway station in Denton, Greater Manchester
the term downtown |
The 2017–18 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season began with practices in October 2017, followed by the start of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play started in late-December 2017 and concluded in February 2018, followed by the 2018 SEC women's basketball tournament at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee.
Pre-season
Pre-season team predictions
Pre-season All-SEC teams
Coaches select eight players
Players in bold are choices for SEC Player of the Year
Head coaches
Note: Stats shown are before the beginning of the season. Overall and SEC records are from time at current school.
Weekly rankings
Source:
Regular season matrix
This table summarizes the head-to-head results between teams in conference play.
Attendance
Postseason
SEC tournament
February 28–March 4 at the Bridgestone Arena, Nashville, Tennessee. Teams were seeded by conference record, with ties broken by record between the tied teams followed by record against the regular season champion, if necessary.
NCAA Division I Women's Basketball tournament
Women's National Invitation tournament
WNBA draft
Honors and awards
All-SEC awards and teams
References
Southeastern Conference women's basketball seasons |
The Office of the Coordinator of Information was an intelligence and propaganda agency of the United States Government, founded on July 11, 1941, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, prior to U.S. involvement in the Second World War. It was intended to overcome the lack of coordination between existing agencies which, in part, it did by duplicating some of their functions.
Roosevelt was persuaded to create the office several months before the United States entered the war by prominent New York lawyer William J. Donovan, who had been dispatched to London by the president to assess the ability of the British to continue fighting after the French capitulation to German aggression, and by American playwright Robert Sherwood, who served as Roosevelt's primary speechwriter on foreign affairs. British officials, including John Godfrey of the British Naval Intelligence Division and William Stephenson, head of British Security Co-ordination in New York, also encouraged Roosevelt to create the agency. British-Australian MI6 intelligence officer Dick Ellis has been credited with writing the blueprint for Donovan.
Donovan's primary interests were military intelligence and covert operations. Sherwood handled the dissemination of domestic information and foreign propaganda. He recruited the noted radio producer John Houseman, who because of his Romanian birth at the time was technically an enemy alien, to develop an overseas radio program for broadcast to the Axis powers and the populations of the territories they had conquered, which became known as the Voice of America. The first broadcast, called in German Stimmen aus Amerika ("Voices from America") aired on Feb. 1, 1942, and included the pledge: "Today, and every day from now on, we will be with you from America to talk about the war. . . . The news may be good or bad for us -- We will always tell you the truth."
Donovan's desire to use propaganda for tactical military purposes and Sherwood's emphasis on what later became known as public diplomacy were a continuing source of conflict between the two men. On June 13, 1942, Roosevelt split the functions and created two new agencies: the Office of Strategic Services, a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Office of War Information, a predecessor of the United States Information Agency.
Notes
External links
COI Came First, from the website of the CIA
Defunct United States intelligence agencies |
Defending champion Iga Świątek defeated Ons Jabeur in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2022 Italian Open. She did not drop a set during the tournament. This was Świątek's fifth consecutive WTA Tour title, and she became the first player to win four WTA 1000 titles in a single season since Serena Williams in 2013. With the win, Świątek extended her winning streak to 28 matches – the longest on the WTA Tour since Serena Williams won 34 consecutive matches in 2013. This was also the first time in her professional career that Świątek defended a title. Jabeur was attempting to be the first player since Serena Williams in 2013 to win consecutive titles in Madrid and Rome; she reached the final after being the match point down in her semifinal match against Daria Kasatkina.
Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
Seeded players
The following are the seeded players, based on WTA rankings as of 25 April 2022. Rankings and points before are as of 9 May 2022.
Because Rome is a non-mandatory event, but players must count, if played, at least two non-mandatory WTA 1000 tournaments on their rankings, points will be adjusted the following way:
Players who have points from the 2021 tournament counting towards their ranking, will get those points replaced by:
The points from the 2022 tournament, if they have less than two non-mandatory WTA 1000 events or 16 total tournaments counting towards their ranking.
The points from the 2022 tournament or their 17th best result, whichever is higher, if they have at least two non-mandatory WTA 1000 events counting towards their ranking.
Players who don't have points from the 2021 tournament counting towards their ranking, will have their ranking adjusted the following way:
The points from the 2022 tournament will be added to the players counting less than 16 tournaments towards their ranking.
The points from the 2022 tournament will replace the 16th best result of the players counting less than two non-mandatory WTA 1000 towards their ranking.
The points from the 2022 tournament, if higher, will replace the points from the worse non-mandatory WTA 1000 event or the 16th best result, whichever is lower, of the players counting two non-mandatory WTA 1000 events towards their ranking.
The points from the 2022 tournament, if higher, will replace the 16th best result of the players counting more than two non-mandatory WTA 1000 events towards their ranking.
† Points are from a non-mandatory WTA 1000 event that must count towards the player's ranking.
Withdrawn players
The following player would have been seeded, but withdrew before the tournament began.
Other entry information
Wildcards
Protected ranking
Withdrawals
Qualifying
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky losers
Draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
Fifth qualifier
Sixth qualifier
Seventh qualifier
Eighth qualifier
References
External links
Qualifying
Main draw
Singles women |
The Octorara Area School District is a small, rural–urban fringe, public school district serving Parkesburg, Atglen, Christiana, West Sadsbury Township, Sadsbury Township (Lancaster County), West Fallowfield Township, Highland Township, and Londonderry Township in Pennsylvania.
The district encompasses approximately 93 square miles, with access along Pennsylvania Route 41. Just 10 miles south of U.S. Route 30 and 9 miles north of U.S. Route 1, the district is within 30 miles of Lancaster; Reading; and Wilmington, DE.
As of 2009, the Octorara Area School District employed 203 professional staff and 157 support staff. Within the faculty, 31 have over 20 years of experience, 161 have a master's degree or equivalent, and 5 have Doctorate degrees. The district consists of three elementary schools, and a combined middle school and high school. The Primary Learning Center includes grades K-2, Elementary School grades 3–4, Intermediate School grades 5–6, Junior-Senior High School grades 7–12.
Academic achievement
Graduation rate
Effective with the 2009–2010 school year, the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) began implementation of a new methodology to calculate graduation rates for all public high schools, comprehensive Career and Technical Centers (CTCs) and charter schools that graduate students from 12th grade. Octorara Area School District's 2013-2-14 graduation rate was 91.88%, compared to the state average of 85.45%.
PSSA results
The Pennsylvania System of School Assessment, also known as PSSA, measures how well students have achieved in reading, mathematics, science and writing according to Pennsylvania's academic standards. By using these standards, educators, parents and administrators can evaluate their students' strengths and weaknesses to increase students' achievement scores.
Reading - Proficient or Above
2012 - 71%, Pennsylvania - 73.8%
Math - Proficient or Above
2012 - 78%, Pennsylvania - 80%
Science - Proficient or Above
2012 - 86.9%, Pennsylvania - 82.3%
Writing - Proficient or Above
2012 - 57.3%, Pennsylvania - 64.2%
Graduate Data and statistics
The Pennsylvania Department of Education, Division of Data Quality, provides a compilation of statistical information covering high school graduates in Pennsylvania's public schools. Pennsylvania's public high schools with enrollment in grade 12; including secondary ungraded, provide the graduate data through the Pennsylvania Information Management System (PIMS).
Graduates Public 2013-14
Total Postsecondary Bound - 72.28%
Total College Bound - 71.2%
2- or 4- Year College or University - 63.04%
Specialized Associate Degree-Granting Institution- 8.15%
Non-Degree Granting Postsecondary - 1.09%
Schools
Octorara Primary Learning Center
Octorara Elementary School
Octorara Intermediate School
Octorara Junior-Senior High School
References
External links
Octorara Area School District
School districts established in 1956
School districts in Chester County, Pennsylvania
1956 establishments in Pennsylvania |
The 1903 Goldey College football team represented Goldey College (now known as Goldey–Beacom College) in the 1903 college football season as an independent. They compiled a record of 0–1–1.
Schedule
References
Goldey College
Goldey College football seasons
Goldey College football
College football winless seasons |
Schache is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anja Schache (born 1977), German foil fencer
Josh Schache (born 1997), Australian rules footballer
Laurence Schache (1967–2002), Australian rules footballer |
Mother Mushroom (born 1979 in Khánh Hòa, Vietnam) is the pen name of the Vietnamese blogger and dissident, Nguyễn Ngọc Như Quỳnh. Mushroom or Nấm in Vietnamese is the name of her daughter. She first used the pen name in her popular blog ''Mẹ Nấm'.
After having her first child, nicknamed "Nấm" (mushroom), Nguyễn Ngọc Như Quỳnh joined several parenting fora using Mẹ Nấm (Mother Mushroom) as her pen name, primarily to exchange parenting tips with others. Later on, her blogs developed to cover social issues. She started blogging in 2006 after a visit to a hospital where she witnessed many poor, desperate patients waiting to be seen but ignored as they did not have enough money to bribe hospital officials.
Quỳnh says her motive for blogging is very simple: "I don't want my children to struggle and have to do what I'm doing right now."
Blogging and arrests
Quỳnh has been blogging under the pseudonym of Mẹ Nấm (Mother Mushroom) and has openly criticised the Vietnamese government over its human rights violations and corruption. She began blogging in early 2006 when she visited a hospital and witnessed many poor people in the hot sun desperately waiting for treatment, but ignored because they lacked money to bribe hospital officials.
Quynh was first arrested in 2009 for blogging about government land confiscations related to a Chinese-backed bauxite mine and for printing T-shirts opposing the bauxite project. She was released nine days later, after she promised to close the blog.
2016 arrest
On 10 October 2016, Mother Mushroom was arrested while trying to visit an imprisoned political activist. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reported that she was arrested in Khanh Hoa and charged with crimes under Article 88 of Vietnam's Penal Code, which prohibits "conducting propaganda against the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam."
Reaction
The United States, the European Union and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights demanded Mother Mushroom's release and stated that the government's arrest of her violated international human rights norms, as well as Vietnam's domestic laws on human rights. Ted Osius, the U.S. Ambassador to Vietnam said he was "deeply concerned" about the Vietnamese government's detention of activists and stated: "This trend threatens to overshadow Vietnam's progress on human rights."
Bärbel Kofler, the Human Rights Commissioner for the German Federal Government, issued a statement on 11 October on the arrest: "... this would be another serious violation of the human rights principles and international rules that Viet Nam has made a commitment to uphold."
Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said in a news release: "Article 88 effectively makes it a crime for any Vietnamese citizen to enjoy the fundamental freedom to express an opinion, to discuss or to question the Government and its policies. The overly broad, ill-defined scope of this law makes it all too easy to quash any kind of dissenting views and to arbitrarily detain individuals who dare to criticize Government policies."
On 29 June 2017, she was sentenced to 10 years of jail by a court in Khánh Hòa Province after being found guilty of publishing propaganda against the state.
On 17 October 2018, she was released from prison and exiled. She and her family have been granted political asylum in the United States.
Awards
Human Rights Watch, Hellman/Hammett grant program recipient (2010)
Civil Rights Defenders, Defender of the Year (2015) Speak with RFA's Vietnamese Service after she won the award, she said: "I still wish I did not have to receive such awards, because I live in an authoritarian country and I got the awards for fighting efforts."
References
1979 births
No-U Movement
Living people
Prisoners and detainees of Vietnam
Vietnamese bloggers
Vietnamese democracy activists
Vietnamese women activists
Vietnamese dissidents
Vietnamese Roman Catholics
People from Khánh Hòa Province
21st-century Vietnamese writers
21st-century Vietnamese women writers
Pseudonymous women writers
Vietnamese women bloggers
Vietnamese exiles
Recipients of the International Women of Courage Award
21st-century pseudonymous writers |
The hypoglossal canal is a foramen in the occipital bone of the skull. It is hidden medially and superiorly to each occipital condyle. It transmits the hypoglossal nerve.
Structure
The hypoglossal canal lies in the epiphyseal junction between the basiocciput and the jugular process of the occipital bone.
Variation
Embryonic variants sometimes lead to the presence of more than two canals as the occipital bone is formed.
Development
The hypoglossal canal is formed during the embryological stage of development in mammals.
Function
The hypoglossal canal transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen.
Clinical significance
Study of the hypoglossal canal aids in the diagnosis of a variety of tumors found at the base of the skull, including: large glomus jugulare neoplasms, myelomas, and the occasional meningioma. Studies of the hypoglossal canal revolve around the development of safe drilling techniques to conduct surgery on that area of the brain.
Research
The hypoglossal canal has recently been used to try to determine the antiquity of human speech. Researchers have found that hominids who lived as long as 2 million years ago had the same size canal as that of modern-day chimpanzees; some scientists thus assume they were incapable of speech. However, archaic H. sapiens 400,000 years ago had the same size canal as that of modern humans, meaning they could have been capable of speech. Some Neanderthals also had the same size hypoglossal canal as archaic H. sapiens. However recent studies involving several primate species have failed to find conclusive evidence of a relationship between its size and speech.
Additional images
See also
References
External links
()
Image at uwo.ca
Foramina of the skull |
```xml
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Code } from '@domain/code';
@Component({
selector: 'image-doc',
template: `
<app-docsectiontext>
<p>Any content such as an image can be placed inside an Inplace.</p>
</app-docsectiontext>
<div class="card">
<p-inplace>
<ng-template pTemplate="display">
<div class="inline-flex align-items-center">
<span class="pi pi-image" style="vertical-align: middle"></span>
<span class="ml-2">View Picture</span>
</div>
</ng-template>
<ng-template pTemplate="content">
<img src="path_to_url" alt="Nature" />
</ng-template>
</p-inplace>
</div>
<app-code [code]="code" selector="inplace-image-demo"></app-code>
`
})
export class ImageDoc {
code: Code = {
basic: `<p-inplace>
<ng-template pTemplate="display">
<div class="inline-flex align-items-center">
<span class="pi pi-image" style="vertical-align: middle"></span>
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</div>
</ng-template>
<ng-template pTemplate="content">
<img
src="path_to_url"
alt="Nature" />
</ng-template>
</p-inplace>`,
html: `<div class="card">
<p-inplace>
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<div class="inline-flex align-items-center">
<span class="pi pi-image" style="vertical-align: middle"></span>
<span class="ml-2">View Picture</span>
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</ng-template>
<ng-template pTemplate="content">
<img
src="path_to_url"
alt="Nature" />
</ng-template>
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typescript: `import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { InplaceModule } from 'primeng/inplace';
@Component({
selector: 'inplace-image-demo',
templateUrl: './inplace-image-demo.html',
standalone: true,
imports: [InplaceModule]
})
export class InplaceImageDemo {}`
};
}
``` |
Grigeo AB (formerly Grigiškės AB) - the only paper and wood industry company group in Lithuania, and one of the biggest in the Baltic states. The group comprises the following companies: Grigeo AB, Grigeo Packaging UAB, Grigeo Klaipėda AB, Grigeo Baltwood UAB, Grigeo Recycling UAB, Grigeo Recycling SIA, and Mena Pak AT. Grigeo AB is situated at 10 Vilniaus str, in Grigiškės, next to the A1 Vilnius-Kaunas-Klaipėda highway.
800 employees work at the company group. Yearly turnover of Grigeo AB group is approximately €163 million. Grigeo AB is a member of Lithuanian Forest association, Grigeo Baltwood UAB - a member of European Panel Federation EPF, Grigeo Packaging UAB – a member of European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers FEFCO. It is the first paper production company in Lithuania, which has been awarded with the IFS HPC Quality Certificate. The company is certified by Ecolabel, SWAN, FSC and other certificates
Grigiškės aqueduct - a protected technical monument - is preserved in the territory of the company.
History
The Grigiškės paper factory was founded in 1923. Grzegorz Kurec, a gifted mechanic, hydraulic engineer, and businessman, started building the factory on the confluence of Neris and Vokė. The factory started operating in 1925.
In 1936, the production of white cardboard, cardboard boxes, and wrapping paper started. Before the war started, 300 employees worked in the company. The factory was demolished and burned down on the 12th of July in 1944, when the German army was retreating. It took more than a year to rebuild the factory. From 1980 to 1985, Grigiškės factory was the biggest cellulose and paper production company in Lithuania and employed almost 3000 workers. Grigiškės paper mill also managed the Pabradė and Naujieji Verkiai factories.
Grigiškės AB was established in. 1991. In November of 2003, Grigiškės AB merged with Naujieji Verkiai AB. In order to carry out a project for the establishment of a new sawmill, Baltwood UAB was established, which is operating in Grigiškės. In 2010, Grigiškės AB acquired Klaipėdos Kartonas AB, which currently functions under the name Grigeo Klaipėda AB. The trademark Grigeo has been in use since 2015. In January of 2019, Grigeo AB transferred the production of corrugated cardboard to the subsidiary Grigeo Packaging UAB, which was founded in 2009.
Production
Grigeo AB group produces tissue paper, container-board and honeycomb, corrugated cardboard and packaging, and fibreboards. The group manufactures its products under the principle of circular economy: the used paper and packaging is sent back into the production process.
Household products by Grigeo AB trademark Grite:
· Toilet paper
· Kitchen towels
· Folded towels
· Handkerchiefs
· Facial tissue
Business products by Grigeo AB Grite Professional:
· Toilet paper
· Paper towels
· Wiping paper
· Sanitary pads
· Paper napkins
· Dispensers
· Liquid and foam soap
Management
Alongside the parent company, Grigeo AB also owns following main subsidiaries:
Grigeo Klaipėda AB - the biggest cardboard production and paper packaging recycling company in the Baltic states.
Grigeo Packaging UAB - manufactures and exports corrugated cardboard, food and drink packaging, furniture packaging, and individual orders of packaging.
Grigeo Baltwood UAB - manufactures and exports fibreboards, painted and unpainted fibreboard furniture, and packaging.
Grigeo Recycling UAB - accumulates secondary raw materials and prepares them for production.
Mena Pak AT - manufacturer of corrugated cardboard in Ukraine
Grigeo AB stocks are part of the Nasdaq Vilnius AB Official Baltic State stock exchange list of securities (stock symbol - GRG1L).
Awards
Grigeo AB has been recognised by markets in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Scandinavia. Grite products, manufactured by the company, has won Brand of The Year, held by the daily Verslo žinios together with the market research company Nielsen, and the Lithuanian Product of the Year Award.
In 2018, Grigeo AB was among the most advanced companies, quoted by Nasdaq stock exchanges in the Baltic states.
References
External links
Official website
Companies listed on Nasdaq Vilnius
Manufacturing companies of Lithuania
Pulp and paper companies |
The Venice Commission, officially European Commission for Democracy through Law, is an advisory body of the Council of Europe, composed of independent experts in the field of constitutional law. It was created in 1990 after the fall of the Berlin Wall, at a time of urgent need for constitutional assistance in Central and Eastern Europe.
Creation
The idea to create a Commission for Democracy through Law as a group of experts in constitutional law was conceived by the then Minister for Community Policies of Italy, Antonio Mario La Pergola. The election of the name was based on the theory of La Pergola that expressed that sustainable democracies could only be built in a constitutional framework based on the rule of law.
The formal proposal for the creation of the commission was made by the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gianni De Michelis, who invited the other Foreign Affairs ministers of the Council of Europe to the Conference for the Creation of the European Commission for Democracy through Law that was held at the Giorgio Cini Foundation in San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice from 31 March to 1 April 1989. At this meeting, Foreign Affairs and Justice ministers reunited with representatives of the Constitutional Courts of the 21 countries of the Council of Europe.
The committee of ministers, seeking to assist the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, approved the creation of the Commission as a partial agreement at the session in Venice from 19 to 20 January 1990. The Foreign Affairs and Justice Ministers of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, the German Democratic Republic, Romania, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia also participated as observers in this meeting.
On 10 May 1990 ministers from 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey) of the Council of Europe adopted the statute of the Commission.
Member states
Starting with 18 member states, soon all member states of the Council of Europe joined the Venice Commission and since 2002 non-European states can also become full members. As of 2023, the Commission counts 61 member states – the 46 member states of the Council of Europe and 15 other countries. There are four observers. The Palestinian National Authority and South Africa have a special co-operation status. The EU, OSCE/ODIHR, and OAS (Organization of American States) participate in the plenary sessions of the Commission.
Members
The members are "senior academics, particularly in the fields of constitutional or international law, supreme or constitutional court judges or members of national parliaments". Acting on the Commission in their individual capacity, the members are appointed for four years by the participating countries. The current and former members include,
amongst other notable academics and judges:
Ugo Mifsud Bonnici (Professor of Law and former President of Malta),
Talija Chabrieva, Russian jurist, author of the 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia
Jean-Claude Colliard (Chancellor of University Paris 1 - Panthéon-Sorbonne, former member of the Constitutional Council),
Christoph Grabenwarter (Judge at the Constitutional Court of Austria),
Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem (Former Judge, Federal Constitutional Court of Germany),
(Professor at University of Oslo),
Hanna Suchocka (Former Prime Minister of Poland, Professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and Chair of the Constitutional Law Department)
Gret Haller (Senior Lecturer at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Germany, former President of the Swiss Parliament),
Klemen Jaklič (Lecturer on Law at Harvard Law School, Harvard University),
Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha (Professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Judge of Supreme Federal Court of Brazil),
Jeffrey Jowell (Professor of Law and former Dean of University College London),
Philip Dimitrov (Former Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Member of the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria),
Kaarlo Tuori (Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Helsinki),
Pieter van Dijk (State Councillor, Chair of the Constitutional Law Committee, and former Judge of the European Court of Human Rights),
(Professor at University of Antwerp)
Juan José Romero Guzmán (Former President, Constitutional Court of Chile, Professor at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile)
Leadership
Antonio Mario La Pergola was the first President of the Venice Commission. Jan Erik Helgesen, a professor at the University of Oslo, was president of the Commission for several years, through to 2009, later becoming 1st Vice-President. From December 2009 to December 2021, Gianni Buquicchio held the presidency. Claire Bazy-Malaurie has been president since December 2021.
Simona Granata-Menghini is the current Director, Secretary of the Commission. The Secretary heads the Commission's secretariat at the Council of Europe's headquarters in Strasbourg.
The Commission’s prime function is to provide constitutional assistance to member states. This assistance mainly comes in the form of Opinions. These Opinions relate to draft constitutions or constitutional amendments, or to other draft or legislation in force. The Venice Commission Opinions on specific countries cover a wide range of topics: the system of checks and balances, and the relations amongst different branches of power, the territorial organisation of the States, principles of the rule of law, fundamental rights and freedoms, organisation of the bodies of the constitutional justice, the governance of the judiciary and of the prosecution service, status and powers of ombudspersons, reforms of the electoral system, regulations on the political parties and referendums, etc. At the request of a constitutional court or the European Court of Human Rights, the Commission may also provide amicus curiae briefs on comparative constitutional and international law issues related to a case under consideration.
Requests for opinions come from the participating states and the statutory organs of the Council of Europe or international organisations or bodies participating in the Venice Commission's work. The opinions adopted by the Commission are not binding but are mostly followed by member states.
The areas of the Commission's activities are as follows:
Democratic institutions and fundamental rights
The aim of the assistance given by the Venice Commission is to provide a complete, precise, and objective analysis of the compatibility of laws and constitutional provisions with European and international standards, but also of the practicality and viability of the solutions envisaged by the states concerned.
Working method
The working method adopted by the Commission when providing opinions is to appoint a working group of rapporteurs (primarily from amongst its members) which advises national authorities in the preparation of the relevant law. After discussions with the national authorities and stakeholders in the country, the working group prepares a draft opinion on whether the legislative text meets the democratic standards in its field and on how to improve it on the basis of common experience. The draft opinion is discussed and adopted by the Venice Commission during a plenary session, usually in the presence of representatives from that country. After adoption, the opinion becomes public and is forwarded to the requesting body.
Non-directive approach
Although its opinions are generally reflected in the adopted legislation, the Venice Commission does not impose its solutions, but adopts a non-directive approach based on dialogue. For this reason the working group, as a rule, visits the country concerned and meets with the different political actors involved in the issue in order to ensure the most objective view of the situation.
Conflict resolution by providing legal advice
A political agreement settling a conflict should be supported by a viable legal text. It may also be possible for an agreement on a legal text to foster a political solution. For this reason the Venice Commission pays particular attention to countries which are going through or have gone through ethno-political conflicts.
In this context, at the European Union's request, the Venice Commission has played an important role in developing and interpreting the constitutional law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro as well as that of Kosovo. It has also been involved in efforts to settle the conflicts on the status of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia and Transnistria in Moldova.
The Commission drafts opinions, initiates studies and organises conferences inter alia on:
Constitutional reform
Emergency powers
Federalism and regionalism
International law issues
Internal security services and armed forces
Protection of fundamental rights including the freedom of religion, the freedom of assembly and association
Protection of minorities and prohibition of discrimination
Functioning of parliaments and judiciary
Elections, referendums and political parties
The work of the Commission in the field of elections, referendums and political parties is steered by the Council for Democratic Elections (CDE). The CDE is a unique tripartite body made up of representatives of the Venice Commission, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) and the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. The aim of the Council for Democratic Elections is to ensure co-operation in the electoral field between the Venice Commission as a legal body and the Parliamentary Assembly and the Congress of the Council of Europe as political bodies, in order to promote the European common values in the field of elections – the principles of the European electoral heritage.
The Commission identifies and develops standards in the area of elections through:
Codes of good practice on elections, on referendums and on political parties
Opinions - mostly joint ones with OSCE/ODIHR - on electoral legislation
Legal advice to the PACE election observation missions
"Vota" database of electoral legislation
Constitutional and ordinary justice
Another branch of the Commission's activities includes co-operation with the constitutional courts and equivalent bodies. Since its creation, the Venice Commission has been aware that it is not sufficient to assist the states in the adoption of democratic constitutions but that these texts have to be implemented in reality. Key players in this field are constitutional courts and equivalent bodies exercising constitutional jurisdiction.
Cooperation with Constitutional Courts, ordinary courts and ombudspersons is done by means of:
Opinions on and for Constitutional Courts, ordinary courts and for Ombudspersons (including amicus curiae briefs)
Key constitutional case-law – E-bulletin and CODICES database
Regional co-operation with courts' associations
World Conference on Constitutional Justice
Seminars and conferences with Constitutional Courts
Venice Forum – advice and exchange between Constitutional courts
Joint Council on Constitutional Justice (representatives of Courts and members of the Commission)
Transnational studies, reports and seminars
While most of the work of the Commission is country specific, the Commission also prepares, through its own initiative and at request of statutory bodies such as the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, studies and reports addressing topics of general interest in the member and observer states. Transnational topics are also covered in the Unidem seminars (University for Democracy) and published in the Science and Technique of Democracy collection.
Comparative studies and reports
Comparative studies on topics to do with the functioning of democracy offer initial overviews of the law in various countries. Such a comparative approach then makes it possible to identify constitutional values that are shared throughout Europe and, where relevant, any areas of weakness. The third stage is that of harmonisation, in which, on the basis of Commission recommendations, the principles concerned are incorporated into the law of those countries where they have not yet been established.
EU integration
In June 2022, the European Union asked the candidate countries of Ukraine and Moldova, and the applicant country of Georgia to implement various reforms suggested by the Venice Commission in order to proceed with EU integration.
Positions taken
Blasphemy
In 2009, the Venice Commission attracted rare news coverage for its opinion that "blasphemy should not be illegal".
Elections: boundary delimitation
As part of its report, European Commission for Democracy Through Law: Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters, Guidelines and Explanatory Reports adopted October 2002, the Venice Commission recommended a number of considerations, also when dealing with issues of boundary delimitation.
Opinions on Poland
In 2016-2017, when the Polish government attempted to reshape and control the judiciary of Poland, the Venice Commission published several opinions criticising those reforms. The opinions prompted the European Union to invoke Article 7 of its founding treaty threatening Poland with losing its voting rights in the EU institutions.
Legislation on religious freedoms in Montenegro
Since 2015, the Venice Commission was included in process of legislative reform and regulation of various legal issues related to religious freedoms and rights of religious communities in Montenegro. First opinion of the VC on the initial draft law on freedom of religion in Montenegro, was issued in November 2015. It was followed by a prolonged period of internal consultations and additional deliberations in Montenegro, resulting in the creation of a new draft law, that was followed by another opinion of the VC, issued in June 2019, recommending various improvements and clarifications.
See also
Constitutionalism
Rule according to higher law
References
Further reading
Lauri Bode-Kirchhoff: Why the Road from Luxembourg to Strasbourg leads through Venice: the Venice Commission as a link between the EU and the ECtHR, in: Kanstantsin Dzehtsiarou et al. (eds.): Human Rights Law in Europe. The Influence, Overlaps and Contradictions of the EU and the ECHR, Routledge 2014, p. 55-72,
External links
http://www.venice.coe.int
http://www.codices.coe.int
Constitutional law
Council of Europe
Organizations established in 1990 |
David Edward Llewellyn AM (born 16 August 1942 in St Marys, Tasmania) is an Australian politician, who was a Labor Party member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1986 to 2010 and from 2014 to 2018.
Political career
Llewellyn was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly for the seat of Lyons at the 1986 state election which was won by the Liberal Party under Robin Gray. Labor formed a minority government with the support of the Green Independents under the Labor–Green Accord in 1989, and Llewellyn joined Michael Field's inaugural cabinet as Minister for Primary Industry and Forests. Llewellyn would hold the Primary Industries, Water and Energy portfolios on several other occasions, from 1998 to 2002 and 2006 to 2008. From 2002 to 2006, he was Paul Lennon's Deputy Premier.
On 13 May 2011, Llewellyn admitted to ABC Radio that the Labor and Liberal parties conspired in 1998 to reduce the number of MPs from 35 to 25 in an effort to eliminate the Greens.
On 25 June 2012, Llewellyn was preselected to run as a Tasmanian Labor candidate in the 2014 state election, and was subsequently re-elected to the House of Assembly after losing his seat in 2010. He retired at the 2018 election.
Personal life
Llewellyn is married with two sons. He has an interest in genealogy, electronics, and fishing, and plays golf and lawn bowls.
Community service
Llewellyn is Chairman of Derwent Valley Council's Willow Court Conservation Special Committee helping to restore the Royal Derwent Hospital.
References
1942 births
Living people
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Deputy Premiers of Tasmania
Attorneys-General of Tasmania
Members of the Order of Australia
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Tasmania
21st-century Australian politicians |
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