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Balhindhu is an upcoming Maldivian horror film directed by Ahmed Sinan. Produced by Mohamed Ali and Aishath Fuad Thaufeeq under Dark Rain Entertainment, the film stars Ali Azim, Aminath Rashfa, Mariyam Majudha, Nuzuhath Shuaib, Sharaf Abdulla and Ismail Jumaih. Cast Ali Azim Aminath Rashfa Mariyam Majudha Nuzuhath Shuaib Sharaf Abdulla Ismail Jumaih Hunaisha Adam Naseer Aisha Ali Fathimath Latheefa Mariyam Shakeela Mohamed Mazin Development Following the success of Goh Raalhu (2019), in September 2019, Dark Rain Entertainment announced the project Balhindhu, third-direction of Ahmed Sinan. The cast of the film were initially finalized to be Aminath Rashfa, Mohamed Jumayyil, Fathimath Sara Adam, Mohamed Yunaan, Ismail Jumaih and Hunaisha Adam Naseer. However, following the child abuse allegation over Jumayyil, Dark Rain Entertainment severed ties with him and re-shoot the majority of the scenes with some changes in the cast. In September 2020, it was reported that Ali Azim will replace Jumayyil in the film and announced that Mariyam Majudha, Nuzuhath Shuaib and Sharaf Abdulla will join the cast while Fathimath Sara Adam and Mohamed Yunaan will no longer star in the film. On 9 October 2020, the first look of the character played by Mariyam Shakeela which caught the attention of media and was praised for the Prosthetic makeup and cinematography. Filming was completed in October 2023. F References Maldivian horror films Upcoming films Films directed by Ahmed Sinan
Onocephala vittipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil. References Onciderini Beetles described in 1940
Samite was a luxurious and heavy silk fabric worn in the Middle Ages, of a twill-type weave, often including gold or silver thread. The word was derived from Old French samit, from medieval Latin samitum, examitum deriving from the Byzantine Greek ἑξάμιτον hexamiton "six threads", usually interpreted as indicating the use of six yarns in the warp. Samite is still used in ecclesiastical robes, vestments, ornamental fabrics, and interior decoration. Structurally, samite is a weft-faced compound twill, plain or figured (patterned), in which the main warp threads are hidden on both sides of the fabric by the floats of the ground and patterning wefts, with only the binding warps visible. By the later medieval period, the term samite was applied to any rich, heavy silk material which had a satin-like gloss, indeed "satin" began as a term for lustrous samite. Origins and spread to Europe Fragments of samite have been discovered at many locations along the Silk Road, and are especially associated with Sassanid Persia. Samite was "arguably the most important" silk weave of Byzantium, and from the 9th century Byzantine silks entered Europe via the Italian trading ports. Vikings, connected through their direct trade routes with Constantinople, were buried in samite embroidered with silver-wound threads in the tenth century. Silk weaving itself was established in Lucca and Venice in the 12th and 13th centuries, and the statutes of the silk-weaving guilds in Venice specifically distinguished sammet weavers from weavers of other types of silk cloth. The Crusades brought Europeans into direct contact with the Islamic world, and other sources of samite, as well as other Eastern luxuries. A samite saddle-cloth known in the West as the Suaire de St-Josse, now in the Musée du Louvre, was woven in eastern Iran, some time before 961, when Abu Mansur Bakhtegin, for whom it was woven, died; it was brought back from the First Crusade by Étienne de Blois and dedicated as a votive gift at the Abbey of Saint-Josse, near Boulogne. At the time of the First Crusade, samite needed to be explained to a Western audience, as in the eye-witness Chanson d'Antioche (ccxxx): Very quickly he took a translator and a large dromedary loaded with silver cloth, called "samite" in our language. He sent them to our fine, brave men... The Fourth Crusade brought riches unknown in the West to the crusaders who sacked Constantinople in 1204, described by Villehardouin: "The booty gained was so great that none could tell you the end of it: gold and silver, and vessels and precious stones, and samite, and cloth of silk..." Use in Medieval Europe Samite was a royal tissue: in the 1250s it features among the clothing of fitting status provided for the innovative and style-conscious English king Henry III, his family, and his attendants. For those of royal blood there were robes and mantles of samite and cloth of gold. Samite itself might be interwoven with threads wrapped in gold foil. It could be further enriched by being over-embroidered: in Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval, the Story of the Grail (1180s) "On the altar, I assure you, there lay a slain knight. Over him was spread a rich, dyed samite cloth, embroidered with many golden flowers, and before him burned a single candle, no more, no less." In manuscript illuminations, modern readers often interpret rich figurative designs as embroidered, but Barbara Gordon points out that they could equally be painted, and illustrates a samite bishop's mitre painted in grisaille in the Cleveland Museum of Art. According to the Louvre the most famous example of painted silk, the Parement of Narbonne, despite being a royal commission, was only made on "fluted silk imitating samite". In the wrong hands, samite could threaten the outward marks of social stability; samite was specified among the luxuries forbidden the urban middle classes in sumptuary laws by the court of René of Anjou about 1470: "In cities mercantile governments outlawed crowns, trains, cloth of samite and precious metals, ermine trims, and other pretensions of aristocratic fashion" In Florence, when the condottiero Walter of Brienne offered the innovation of a sumptuous feast to San Giovanni in 1343, the chronicler Villani noted among the rich trappings "He added to the other side of the palio of crimson samite cloth a trim of gray squirrel skin as long as the pole." See also Coptic textiles Sampul tapestry Sichuan embroidery Sogdian textiles Notes External links Embroidered red samite cope from 1270 Samite robe 8th-11th century CE Aga Khan Museum Child's coat Sogdian samite silk, 8th century, Pritzer collection, Chicago (Julianna Lees Flickr album, pearl roundel in close-up) Sogdian samite silk child's coat 8th century (Julianna Lees Flickr album) Textile samples from New York's [Metropolitan Museum] Samite fragment from [Turfan], with pattern in weave (broken link) Medieval European costume Medieval textile design Silk Woven fabrics
Vagn F. Flyger (14 January 1922 – 9 January 2006) was a Danish-American wildlife biologist and one of the world's foremost authorities on squirrels. His landmark work was The 1968 Squirrel "Migration" In The Eastern United States. Flyger was also one of the first wildlife biologists to utilize tranquilizer guns in the 1950s when they were first introduced. In the 1960s, he experimented with dart guns in the Arctic on seals, whales and polar bears. However, seeking a field of study that kept him closer to home, Flyger focused most of his remaining research on squirrels. Background Vagn Folkmann Flyger was born January 14, 1922, in Aalborg, Denmark, and his family immigrated to Jamestown, New York, in 1923. Their home in Western New York was within walking distance of Chautauqua Lake, in addition to many streams, peat bogs, fields and forests. These environs were teeming with wildlife, and he spent his youth catching an abundance of snakes, insects and other little animals. At a young age, he decided that he wanted to become a biologist, perhaps even an entomologist or herpetologist. Flyger became a U.S. citizen in October 1942 and enlisted in the Army in 1943. He served from 1943–1946, 18 months of which were in Europe as a medical and surgical technician in the 1263rd combat engineer battalion. Education Flyger attended Cornell University and graduated in 1948 with a bachelor's degree in zoology. In 1952, he received a master's degree in wildlife management from Pennsylvania State University and in 1956 earned a doctoral degree in vertebrate ecology from Johns Hopkins University. His studies focused on mammalian ecology and wildlife habitats. Work Deer in Maryland After graduating from Johns Hopkins, Flyger worked as a research biologist for the state of Maryland at their Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in Solomons, Maryland. He collected extensive data on deer, which assisted in regulating the white-tailed deer population in the state. His methods of analyzing the deer population are still considered foundational in deer management in the state. Flyger also developed the use of a syringe gun (the "Cap-Chur Gun") which would sedate the deer for transfer and study. In the late 1950s, hunters in Maryland were clamoring for more deer, while, at the same time, the Aberdeen Proving Ground had an overabundance of deer. Using the Cap-Chur Gun and traps, Flyger and his colleagues transferred 1500 white-tailed deer from the Aberdeen Proving Ground into the northern areas of the state where there were little or no deer. Although the hunters were pleased with the restocking, the farmers began experiencing trouble with deer eating their crops. Flyger then developed a method he had learned in the Army during WWII to scare off the deer by setting up strings of M80s, which proved very effective. However, some poachers had their fingers blown off, so the method was abandoned, though Flyger continued to believe that this system had merit. Polar expeditions His work with the syringe tipped arrows in Maryland led Flyger to believe that it might be a useful tool with larger mammals. A Norwegian company gave him the funds to travel to the Arctic to test his equipment on whales. He spent two summers in the Arctic (around Kendall Island in the Northwest Territory) with the Inuit, adapting the devices so that they could function in the extreme cold and be able to penetrate the skin and blubber layers of the whale. In 1966, Flyger and Dr. Martin Schein, traveled to the Arctic Research Laboratory in Point Barrow, Alaska, to use the sedation guns on polar bears so that they could be tagged or marked for research about their numbers and movements. The following year, Flyger traveled with an international team of scientists to Svalbard, Norway. At the time of these expeditions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was interested in utilizing satellites for tracking polar bears, so Flyger and Schein experimented with placing collars (simulating transmitters) on the bears. However, in the end, NASA underwent funding cuts, and the satellite tracking never happened with the polar bears. In the summer of 1963 and 1964, Flyger traveled to Ross Island in the Antarctic to study the effects of three immobilizing drugs on Weddell seals, using the automatic projectile syringe. Squirrel Studies Following his graduation from Cornell, Flyger worked as a game biologist for the state of Maryland, and began his research with squirrels. This led to the discovery that half of the females being killed during the hunting season were either pregnant or nursing. Flyger recommended that the squirrel hunting season be delayed into October, and this has been the schedule since the 1950s. In 1968, the Smithsonian Institution formed the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena, which was established to study short-lived natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and other unusual ecological events. Flyger requested to be notified by the Center of any squirrel migrations and, soon after, was informed about an unusual squirrel migration occurring from North Carolina into Tennessee. This was one of the first events in which the center became involved. Flyger examined several hundreds of squirrel carcasses found in the area and wrote his doctoral dissertation on the subject. He determined that the "migration" was a result of a rise in squirrel births which happened to coincide with a poor acorn crop, causing them to seek food in unfamiliar territories. Flyger devised a number of marking systems for tracking the movements of squirrels in both urban and rural environments, including the use of radio collars. He created nesting boxes to facilitate the study of squirrels along with many feeding devices that challenged the squirrels' intelligence, memory, and agility. He was well known for distributing "wanted" posters throughout the countryside requesting that road-kill squirrels be sent to the Natural Resources Institute at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he was Chair of the Department of Forestry, Fish and Wildlife. Unfortunately, some people took it upon themselves to mail dead carcasses through the Post Office. However, these and other squirrels that he collected over a half-century provided valuable information about diseases, parasites, population, environmental factors, among other findings. Flyger's decades of research on squirrels included the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel and flying squirrels. His work with flying squirrels was the subject of a BBC documentary. Educator In 1962, Flyger became a faculty member at the University of Maryland's Natural Resources Institute. In addition to his research, he taught at the University for 25 years. He was a well-respected and popular professor at the University, who inspired many students to enter the field of wildlife conservation and mentored many young professionals. One of Flyger's most significant contributions to the field may have been his ability to educate the public about wildlife in an engaging, informative and interesting manner. Flyger was also known for his quick wit and dry humor, and was often interviewed by newspapers, magazines, and other media. The backyard of his home in Silver Spring, Maryland, opened into parkland, which made it a refuge for squirrels and other wildlife. Even after his retirement, when he became an emeritus professor, it was the site of on-going research, interviews and documentaries. He was interviewed by the National Wildlife Federation, National Geographic, and the BBC in this wooded setting. Publications (Partial list. Many available online to academic institutions) Deer The Status of the White-Tailed Deer in Maryland, 1956, Vagn Flyger (Resource Study Report, No. 13, Maryland Department of Research and Education, Solomons, Md.) Tooth impressions as an aid in the determination of age in deer Vagn Flyger (The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct., 1958), pp. 442–443) Capturing deer in Maryland for research and relocation Vagn Flyger (Issue 130 of Contribution (Maryland. Board of Natural Resources. Dept. of Research and Education, 32 pages) 1960) Factors in the Mass Mortality of a Herd of Sika Deer, Cervus nippon John J. Christian, Vagn Flyger, David E. Davis (Chesapeake Science, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Jun., 1960), pp. 79–95 Sika deer on islands in Maryland and Virginia Vagn Flyger, (Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 41, No. 1 (Feb., 1960), p. 140) Distribution of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Maryland and Virginia in 1962 Vagn Flyger, Norman W. Davis, (Chesapeake Science, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Dec., 1964), pp. 212–213) Trauma with Secondary Shock in Four White-Tailed Deer Vagn F. Flyger, Theodore R. Ridgeway, Annie K. Prestwood, Frank A. Hayes (Chesapeake Science, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Dec., 1962), pp. 236–243 Thyroidal radioiodine concentrations in North American deer following 1961-1963 nuclear weapons tests Hanson, W. C.; Dahl, A. H.; Whicker, F. W.; Longhurst, W. M.; Flyger, V.; Davey, S. P.; Greer, K. R., (December 1963 - Volume 9 - Issue 12 Chesapeake Biological Laboratory: 1963) Handling wild mammals with a new tranquilizer (Issue 229 of Contribution (Chesapeake Biological Laboratory : 1961) Crop damage caused by Maryland deer Vagn Flyger, Theodore Theorig. (Natural Resources Institute, Issue 283 of Contribution (Chesapeake Biological Laboratory : 1961) Relationship of sex and age to strontium-90 accumulation in white-tailed deer mandibles Vincent Schultz, Vagn Flyger, (The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Jan., 1965), pp. 39–43) Arctic Hunters of White Whales by Vagn Flyger, (published in Beaver magazine, Hudson's Bay Company Canada's National History Society, Winter 1965) Effects of three immobilizing drugs on Weddell seals Flyger, Vagn & Murray S. R. Smith, Robert Damm, Richard S. Peterson. (Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 46, No. 2 (May, 1965), pp. 345–347, 1965) www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/149547.pdf Capturing And Handling Polar Bears— A Progress Report On Polar Bear Ecological Research Vagn Flyger with Martin W. Schein. Albert W. Erikson Thor Larsen, (Published by the Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C., 1967) Succinylcholine chloride for killing or capturing whales Vagn Flyger, (Issue 253 of Contribution (Chesapeake Biological Laboratory : 1964) Polar Bear Studies during 1966 Vagn Flyger, (Arctic, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Mar., 1967), p. 53) The Polar Bear: A Matter for International Concern Vagn Flyger (Arctic Institute of North America, (1967) Vol 20, No 3, 1967) The Migration of Polar Bears by Vagn Flyger and Marjorie R. Townsend, (Scientific American, Inc., New York. 1968. AF2 - Scientific American (February 1968, Vol. 218, No. 2) Squirrels A bibliography of the tree squirrels and other pertinent literature Vagn Flyger (Penna. Cooper. Wildl. Research Unit Quart. Report, 13:19-38. 1955) The Social Behavior of the gray squirrel and population (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin) in Maryland Vagn Flyger A comparison of methods for estimating squirrel populations Vagn Flyger (The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Apr., 1959), pp. 220–223 Published by: Allen Press, 1959) Movements and Home Range of the Gray Squirrel Sciurus Carolinensis, in Two Maryland Woodlots Vagn Flyger ("Ecology" Vol. 41, No. 2, April 1960), pp. 365–369 Published by: Ecological Society of America The utilization of nesting boxes by gray squirrels Vagn Flyger and H. Rebecca Cooper, (Issue 331 of Contribution, University of Maryland, College Park. Natural Resources Institute, 1967) The 1968 squirrel 'migration' in the eastern United States Vagn Flyger (Smithsonian Institution. Center for Short-lived Phenomena Contribution No. 379) Uroporphyrinogen III Cosynthetase Activity in the Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) Ephraim Y. Levin and Vagn Flyger, (Science 1, October 1971: Vol. 174 no. 4004 pp. 59–60 1971) Erythropoietic Porphyria of the Fox Squirrel Sciurus niger Ephraim Yale Levin & Vagn Flyger (Published in Volume 52, Issue 1, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1973; 52(1):96–105 ) Distribution of the Delmarva Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) in Maryland. 1974 Gary Taylor, Vagn Flyger, (Chesapeake Science, Vol. 15, No. 1 Mar., 1974, pp. 59–60) References 1922 births 2006 deaths Cornell University alumni 20th-century American zoologists Danish emigrants to the United States
Alan Stephenson Boyd (July 20, 1922October 18, 2020) was an American attorney and transportation executive who led several large corporations and also served the U.S. Government in various transportation-related positions. He was the first United States Secretary of Transportation, appointed by Lyndon Johnson. Additionally, he served in executive positions with the Civil Aeronautics Board, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and was a president of Amtrak. Early life and education Boyd was born in Jacksonville, Florida, on July 20, 1922, to Clarence and Elizabeth (Stephenson) Boyd. His maternal great-grandfather was John Stephenson, a coachbuilder who invented and patented the first streetcar. Boyd's father died when he was two years old. He graduated from Macclenny–Glen High School in 1939, and went on to study at the University of Florida. However, he dropped out at the end of his sophomore year. He subsequently joined the United States Army Air Forces in 1942 and remained there through the end of World War II. Boyd married Flavil Juanita Townsend, a high school teacher, on April 3, 1943. Together, they had one son (Mark). After leaving the service in 1945, Boyd returned to college and received his Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1948. Career Early positions Boyd practiced law in Florida, and was on a commission exploring the regulation of the transportation industry. He was appointed to the Civil Aeronautics Board by Dwight Eisenhower in 1959. He was promoted to chairman of that board by John F. Kennedy. He helped the airline industry by standardizing fare reductions and by approving government subsidies to encourage airline service for smaller cities. He was appointed Under secretary of commerce for transportation in 1965 by Lyndon Johnson. He was unpopular with labor leaders when he advocated reducing government restrictions on the maritime industry, and when he denounced featherbedding by railroad workers. Boyd was part of a committee that lobbied for the creation of the United States Department of Transportation, bringing together many government agencies related to the transportation industry. Secretary of Transportation Boyd became the first Secretary of Transportation in November 1966. In that capacity he worked in many areas including airports, the air traffic control system, automobile safety, driver education, alcoholism, and the highway beautification program (a pet project of first lady Lady Bird Johnson). One of his sources of power was holding funding control over the interstate highways. He was unsuccessful in trying to encourage passenger train service. When Richard Nixon became United States president in January 1969, Boyd left the Transportation Department to become the president of the Illinois Central Railroad, a position he held from 1969 to 1972. The federal government investigated the potential conflict of interest because that railroad had received aid from Boyd's department before he resigned, but no wrongdoing was found. Boyd was later the president of Amtrak until June 20, 1982, and the president of Airbus Industrie. He became the chairman of Warner Blue & Mahan, a Washington, D.C. based consulting firm working on new technology ventures, in 1994. Later life and death After Boyd retired, he and his wife moved to Seattle. He received the Tony Jannus Award for his contributions to commercial aviation in 1994. He also received the 2009 Philip J. Klass Award for Lifetime Achievement from Aviation Week & Space Technology. The citation read: "... for his lifelong service to aviation, including shaping policy in the U.S." Boyd published an autobiography, A Great Honor: My Life Shaping 20th Century Transportation in August 2016. Boyd died on October 18, 2020, at a retirement home in Ravenna, Seattle. He was 98, and suffered from failing eyesight in the last five years of life. See also List of railroad executives References External links \|- 1922 births 2020 deaths United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II 20th-century American railroad executives Amtrak presidents Florida Democrats Florida lawyers Illinois Central Railroad Lyndon B. Johnson administration cabinet members 20th-century American politicians Military personnel from Florida People from Edmonds, Washington United States Army Air Forces soldiers United States Under Secretaries of Commerce United States Secretaries of Transportation University of Florida alumni University of Virginia School of Law alumni Writers from Jacksonville, Florida American autobiographers
Bitcoin is a digital asset designed by its pseudonymous inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto, to work as a currency. The question whether bitcoin is a currency or not is disputed. Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange and a unit of account, and agree that bitcoin has some way to go to meet all these criteria. Classification Bitcoin is a digital asset designed by its inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto, to work as a currency. It is commonly referred to with terms like: digital currency, digital cash, virtual currency, electronic currency, digital gold, or cryptocurrency. The question whether bitcoin is a currency or not is disputed. Bitcoins have three useful qualities in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they are "hard to earn, limited in supply and easy to verify". Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange and a unit of account, and agree that bitcoin has some way to go to meet all these criteria. It does best as a medium of exchange: for at least the period March 2014 to July 2023 the bitcoin market suffered from volatility, limiting the ability of bitcoin to act as a stable store of value, and retailers accepting bitcoin use other currencies as their principal unit of account. Classification of bitcoin by the United States government is to date unclear with multiple conflicting rulings. In 2013 Judge Amos L. Mazzant III of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas stated that "Bitcoin is a currency or form of money". In July 2016, Judge Teresa Mary Pooler of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida cleared Michell Espinoza in State of Florida v. Espinoza in money-laundering charges he faced involving his use of bitcoin. Judge Pooler stated "Bitcoin may have some attributes in common with what we commonly refer to as money, but differ in many important aspects, they are certainly not tangible wealth and cannot be hidden under a mattress like cash and gold bars." In September 2016, a ruling by Judge Alison J. Nathan of United States District Court for the Southern District of New York contradicted the Florida Espinoza ruling stating "Bitcoins are funds within the plain meaning of that term.— Bitcoins can be accepted as a payment for goods and services or bought directly from an exchange with a bank account. They therefore function as pecuniary resources and are used as a medium of exchange and a means of payment." The U.S. Treasury categorizes bitcoin as a decentralized virtual currency. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission classifies bitcoin as a commodity, and the Internal Revenue Service classifies it as an asset. The South African Revenue Service, the legislation of Canada, the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic and several others classify bitcoin as an intangible asset. The Bundesbank says that bitcoin is not a virtual currency or digital money. It recommends using the term "crypto token". The People's Bank of China has stated that bitcoin "is fundamentally not a currency but an investment target". Journalists and academics also debate what to call bitcoin. Some media outlets do make a distinction between "real" money and bitcoins, while others call bitcoin real money. The Wall Street Journal declared it a commodity in December 2013. A Forbes journalist referred to it as digital collectible. Two University of Amsterdam computer scientists proposed the term "money-like informational commodity". In addition to the above, bitcoin is also characterized as a payment system. General use According to research produced by Cambridge University in 2017, there are between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users actively using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin. The number of active users has grown significantly since 2013 (there were 0.3 to 1.3 million unique users at the time). Buying and selling Bitcoins can be bought and sold both on- and offline. Participants in online exchanges offer bitcoin buy and sell bids. Using an online exchange to obtain bitcoins entails some risk, and, according to a study published in April 2013, 45% of exchanges fail and take client bitcoins with them. Exchanges have since implemented measures to provide proof of reserves in an effort to convey transparency to users. Offline, bitcoins may be purchased directly from an individual or at a bitcoin ATM. Bitcoin machines are not however traditional ATMs. Bitcoin kiosks are machines connected to the Internet, allowing the insertion of cash in exchange for bitcoins. Bitcoin kiosks do not connect to a bank and may also charge transaction fees as high as 7% and exchange rates US$50 over rates from elsewhere. As of 2016 it was estimated there were over 800 bitcoin ATMs operating globally, the majority (500+) being in the United States. Price and volatility According to Mark T. Williams, , bitcoin has volatility seven times greater than gold, eight times greater than the S&P 500, and 18 times greater than the U.S. dollar. Attempting to explain the high volatility, a group of Japanese scholars stated that there is no stabilization mechanism. The Bitcoin Foundation contends that high volatility is due to insufficient liquidity, while a Forbes journalist claims that it is related to the uncertainty of its long-term value, and the high volatility of a startup currency makes sense, "because people are still experimenting with the currency to figure out how useful it is." There are uses where volatility does not matter, such as online gambling, tipping, and international remittances. As of 2014, pro-bitcoin venture capitalists argued that the greatly increased trading volume that planned high-frequency trading exchanges would generate is needed to decrease price volatility. The price of bitcoins has gone through various cycles of appreciation and depreciation referred to by some as bubbles and busts. In 2011, the value of one bitcoin rapidly rose from about US$0.30 to US$32 before returning to US$2. In the latter half of 2012 and during the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis, the bitcoin price began to rise, reaching a high of US$266 on 10 April 2013, before crashing to around US$50. On 29 November 2013, the cost of one bitcoin rose to the all-time peak of US$1,242. Some evidence suggests that part of this peak in the price of bitcoin was due to price manipulation. In 2014, the price fell sharply, and as of April remained depressed at little more than half 2013 prices. it was under US$600. In January 2015, noting that the bitcoin price had dropped to its lowest level since spring 2013 – around US$224 – The New York Times suggested that "[w]ith no signs of a rally in the offing, the industry is bracing for the effects of a prolonged decline in prices. In particular, bitcoin mining companies, which are essential to the currency's underlying technology, are flashing warning signs." Also in January 2015, Business Insider reported that deep web drug dealers were "freaking out" as they lost profits through being unable to convert bitcoin revenue to cash quickly enough as the price declined – and that there was a danger that dealers selling reserves to stay in business might force the bitcoin price down further. Economic theory suggests that the volatility of the price of bitcoin will drop when business and consumer usage of bitcoin increases. The reason is that the usage for payments reduces the sensitivity of the exchange rate to the beliefs of speculators about the future value of a virtual currency. According to The Wall Street Journal, , bitcoin is starting to look slightly more stable than gold. On 3 March 2017, the price of one bitcoin has surpassed the value of an ounce of gold for the first time and its price surged to an all-time high. A study in Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, going back though the network's historical data, showed the value of the bitcoin network as measured by the price of bitcoins, to be roughly proportional to the square of the number of daily unique users participating on the network. This is a form of Metcalfe's law and suggests that the network was demonstrating network effects proportional to its level of user adoption. As a speculative bubble Bitcoin has been characterized as a speculative bubble by eight laureates of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences: Paul Krugman, Robert J. Shiller, Joseph Stiglitz, Richard Thaler, James Heckman, Thomas Sargent, Angus Deaton, and Oliver Hart; and by central bank officials including Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke, Janet Yellen, Agustín Carstens, Vítor Constâncio, and Nout Wellink. The investors Warren Buffett and George Soros have respectively characterized it as a "mirage" and a "bubble"; while the business executive Jack Ma has called it a "bubble". Views of economists In 2014, Nobel laureate Robert J. Shiller stated that bitcoin "exhibited many of the characteristics of a speculative bubble"; in 2017, Shiller wrote that bitcoin was the best current example of a speculative bubble. Economist John Quiggin in 2013 said "bitcoins are the most demonstrably valueless financial asset ever created". Researchers Neil Gandal, JT Hamrick, Tyler Moore, and Tali Oberman claimed that in late 2013, price manipulation by one person likely caused a price spike from US$150 to more than US$1000. Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz in 2017 said "It’s a bubble that’s going to give a lot of people a lot of exciting times as it rides up and then goes down." He emphasized its use by criminals, its lack of a socially useful purpose, and said that it should be outlawed. Nobel laureate Paul Krugman wrote in 2018 that bitcoin is "a bubble wrapped in techno-mysticism inside a cocoon of libertarian ideology". He criticized it as a very slow and expensive means of payment, used mostly to buy blackmarket goods, without a "tether to reality". Nobel laureate Richard Thaler emphasizes the irrationality in the bitcoin market that has led to the bubble, demonstrating the irrationality with the example of firms that have added the word blockchain to their names which have then had large increases in their stock price. The extremely high volatility in bitcoin's price also is due to irrationality according to Thaler. Four Nobel laureates, James Heckman, Thomas Sargent, Angus Deaton, and Oliver Hart, characterized bitcoin as a bubble at a joint press conference in 2018. Hart cited Christopher Sims's work showing no intrinsic value to bitcoin. Heckman compared bitcoin to the tulip bubble. Deaton pointed to bitcoin's use by criminals. Professor Nouriel Roubini of New York University has called bitcoin the "mother of all bubbles", writing that the underlying blockchain technology has "massive obstacles standing in its way", including a lack of "common and universal protocols" of the kind that enabled the early Internet. According to Roubini, bitcoin has failed as a unit of account, a means of payment, and as a store of value; he calls the claim that bitcoin cannot be debased "fraudulent". "Scammers, swindlers, charlatans, and carnival barkers (all conflicted insiders) have tapped into clueless retail investors' FOMO ('fear of missing out'), and taken them for a ride," he writes. In 2019 a research paper by the Asian Development Bank concluded that there is a "strong evidence that bitcoin is not a bubble". Views of central bank officials Early claims that bitcoin was a bubble focused on the lack of any intrinsic value of bitcoin. These claims include that of former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in 2013. He stated "You really have to stretch your imagination to infer what the intrinsic value of Bitcoin is. I haven't been able to do it." In 2017 Greenspan compared bitcoin to the Continental dollar, which ultimately collapsed. He said "Humans buy all sorts of things that aren't worth anything. People gamble in casinos when the odds are against them. It has never stopped anybody." Former Fed Chair Ben Bernanke (in 2015) and outgoing Fed Chair Janet Yellen (in 2017) have both expressed concerns about the stability of bitcoin's price and its lack of use as a medium of transactions. Agustín Carstens, head of the Bank of International Settlements, has called bitcoin "a combination of a bubble, a Ponzi scheme and an environmental disaster", and warned of cryptocurrencies undermining public trust in the financial system. David Andolfatto, a vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, stated, "Is bitcoin a bubble? Yes, if bubble is defined as a liquidity premium." According to Andolfatto, the price of bitcoin "consists purely of a bubble". Comparisons of bitcoin to the tulip mania of seventeenth-century Holland have been made by the vice-president of the European Central Bank, Vítor Constâncio and by former president of the Dutch Central Bank, Nout Wellink. In 2013, Wellink remarked, "This is worse than the tulip mania ... At least then you got a tulip [at the end], now you get nothing." Views of investors and executives American investor Warren Buffett warned investors about bitcoin in 2014, "Stay away from it. It's a mirage, basically." He repeated the warning in 2018 calling bitcoin "probably rat poison squared". He believes that bitcoin is a non-productive asset. "When you're buying nonproductive assets, all you're counting on is the next person is going to pay you more because they're even more excited about another next person coming along." Buffett's close associate Charlie Munger is even more direct in his disdain. Trading cryptocurrencies is "just dementia" according to Munger. Bitcoin is "worthless" and a "turd". John Bogle, the founder of The Vanguard Group, is also very direct "Avoid bitcoin like the plague. Did I make myself clear? .... There is nothing to support bitcoin except the hope that you will sell it to someone for more than you paid for it." George Soros, answering an audience question after a speech in Davos, Switzerland, in 2018, said that cryptocurrencies are not a store of value but are an economic bubble. Nevertheless, they may not crash due to the rising influence of dictators trying to "build a nest egg abroad". James Chanos, known as the "dean of the short sellers", believes that bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are a mania and useful only for tax avoidance or otherwise hiding income from the government. Bitcoin "is simply a security speculation game masquerading as a technological breakthrough in monetary policy". Two lead software developers of bitcoin, Gavin Andresen and Mike Hearn, have warned that bubbles may occur. On 13 September 2017, Jamie Dimon referred to bitcoin to as a "fraud", comparing it to pyramid schemes, and stated that JPMorgan Chase would fire employees trading while the company released a report critical of the cryptocurrency. However, in a January 2018 interview Jamie Dimon voiced regrets about his earlier bitcoin remarks, and noted "The blockchain is real, You can have cryptodollars in yen and stuff like that. ICOs ... you got to look at everyone individually.". In 2023, JPMorgan Chase banned crypto payments in the United_Kingdom saying it will no longer allow its customers to purchase cryptocurrencies using their JPMorgan debit cards or through bank transfers. Alibaba chairman Jack Ma stated in 2018, "There is no bubble for blockchain, but there's a bitcoin bubble" and "[blockchain] technology itself isn’t the bubble, but bitcoin likely is". Fraud concerns Some journalists, economists, and the central bank of Estonia have voiced concerns that bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme. In 2013, Eric Posner, a law professor at the University of Chicago, stated that "a real Ponzi scheme takes fraud; bitcoin, by contrast, seems more like a collective delusion." In 2014 reports by both the World Bank and the Swiss Federal Council examined the concerns and came to the conclusion that bitcoin is not a Ponzi scheme. In 2017 billionaire Howard Marks referred to bitcoin as a pyramid scheme. On 12 September 2017, Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, called bitcoin a "fraud" and said he would fire anyone in his firm caught trading it. Zero Hedge claimed that the same day Dimon made his statement, JP Morgan also purchased a large amount of bitcoins for its clients. Value forecasts Financial journalists and analysts, economists, and investors have attempted to predict the possible future value of bitcoin. In April 2013, economist John Quiggin stated, "bitcoins will attain their true value of zero sooner or later, but it is impossible to say when". A similar forecast was made in November 2014 by economist Kevin Dowd. In December 2013, finance professor Mark T. Williams forecast that bitcoin would trade for less than $10 by mid-year 2014. In the indicated period bitcoin has exchanged as low as $344 (April 2014) and during July 2014 the bitcoin low was $609. In December 2014, Williams said, "The probability of success is low, but if it does hit, the reward will be very large." In November 2014, David Yermack, Professor of Finance at New York University Stern School of Business, forecast that in November 2015 bitcoin may be all but worthless. In the indicated period bitcoin has exchanged as low as $176.50 (January 2015) and during November 2015 the bitcoin low was $309.90. In May 2013, Bank of America FX and Rate Strategist David Woo forecast a maximum fair value per bitcoin of $1,300. Bitcoin investor Cameron Winklevoss stated in December 2013 that the "small bull case scenario for bitcoin is... 40,000 USD a coin". Obituaries The "death" of bitcoin has been proclaimed numerous times. One journalist has recorded 29 such "obituaries" as of early 2015. Forbes magazine declared bitcoin "dead" in June 2011, followed by Gizmodo Australia in August 2011. Wired magazine wrote it had "expired" in December 2012. Ouishare Magazine declared, "game over, bitcoin" in May 2013, and New York Magazine stated bitcoin was "on its path to grave" in June 2013. Reuters published an "obituary" for bitcoin in January 2014. Street Insider declared bitcoin "dead" in February 2014, followed by The Weekly Standard in March 2014, Salon in March 2014, Vice News in March 2014, and Financial Times in September 2014. In January 2015, USA Today stated bitcoin was "headed to the ash heap", and The Telegraph declared "the end of bitcoin experiment". In January 2016, former bitcoin developer Mike Hearn called bitcoin a "failed project". Peter Greenhill, Director of E-Business Development for the Isle of Man, commenting on the obituaries paraphrased Mark Twain saying "reports of bitcoin's death have been greatly exaggerated". Reception Some economists have responded positively to bitcoin while others have expressed skepticism. François R. Velde, Senior Economist at the Chicago Fed, described it as "an elegant solution to the problem of creating a digital currency". Paul Krugman and Brad DeLong have found fault with bitcoin, questioning why it should act as a reasonably stable store of value or whether there is a floor on its value. Economist John Quiggin has criticized bitcoin as "the final refutation of the efficient-market hypothesis". David Andolfatto, Vice President at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, stated that bitcoin is a threat to the establishment, which he argues is a good thing for the Federal Reserve System and other central banks, because it prompts these institutions to operate sound policies. Free software movement activist Richard Stallman has criticized the lack of anonymity and called for reformed development. PayPal President David A. Marcus calls bitcoin a "great place to put assets" but claims it will not be a currency until price volatility is reduced. Bill Gates, in relation to the cost of moving money from place to place in an interview for Bloomberg L.P. stated: "Bitcoin is exciting because it shows how cheap it can be." In November 2013, three US government officials testified at senate hearings that "Bitcoin has legitimate uses". According to The Washington Post, "Most of the other witnesses echoed those sentiments." Acceptance by merchants Most bitcoin transactions are P2P or take place on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants. Delays processing payments through the blockchain of about ten minutes make bitcoin use very difficult in a retail setting, unless the transaction is on layer 2. Prices are not usually quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or sometimes two, conversions into conventional currencies. Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments may use payment service providers to perform the conversions. In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among major online retailers included only three of the top 500 U.S. online merchants, down from five in 2016. Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees due to bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times. Bloomberg reported that the largest 17 crypto merchant-processing services handled $69 million in June 2018, down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is "not actually usable" for retail transactions because of high costs and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher quoted by Bloomberg. High price volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases with bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer. The first recorded sale of a house in exchange for Bitcoin happened in September 2017, when Texas based Kuper Sotheby's International Realty brokered the deal using BitPay to process the payment. Two months later, a first recorded sale of apartment in the world and first real estate property in Europe was sold for bitcoin in November 2017 in the Czech Republic. The Czech real estate agency HOME Hunters brokered a deal of a three-room apartment for a Russian buyer without using a payment service providers at all. Some U.S. political candidates, including New York City Democratic Congressional candidate Jeff Kurzon have said they would accept campaign donations in bitcoin. Payment service providers Merchants accepting bitcoin, such as Dish Network, use the services of bitcoin payment service providers such as BitPay or Coinbase. When a customer pays in bitcoin, the payment service provider accepts the bitcoin on behalf of the merchant, directly converts it, and sends the obtained amount to merchant's bank account, charging a fee of less than 1 percent for the service. Use in retail transactions Due to the design of bitcoin, all retail figures are only estimates. According to Tim Swanson, head of business development at a Hong Kong-based cryptocurrency technology company, in 2014, daily retail purchases made with bitcoin were worth about $2.3 million. MIT Technology review estimates that, , fewer than 5,000 bitcoins per day (worth roughly $1.2 million at the time) were being used for retail transactions, and concludes that in 2014 "it appears there has been very little if any increase in retail purchases using bitcoin." Financial institutions Bitcoin companies have had difficulty opening traditional bank accounts because lenders have been leery of bitcoin's links to illicit activity. According to Antonio Gallippi, a co-founder of BitPay, "banks are scared to deal with bitcoin companies, even if they really want to". In 2014, the National Australia Bank closed accounts of businesses with ties to bitcoin, and HSBC refused to serve a hedge fund with links to bitcoin. Australian banks in general have been reported as closing down bank accounts of operators of businesses involving the currency; this has become the subject of an investigation by the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission. Nonetheless, Australian banks have adopted the blockchain technology on which bitcoin is based. In September 2019 the Central Bank of Venezuela, at the request of PDVSA, ran tests to determine if bitcoin and Ethereum could be held in central bank's reserves. The request was motivated by oil company's goal to pay its suppliers. As an investment Some Argentinians have bought bitcoins to protect their savings against high inflation or the possibility that governments could confiscate savings accounts. During the 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, bitcoin purchases in Cyprus rose due to fears that savings accounts would be confiscated or taxed. Other methods of investment are bitcoin funds. The first regulated bitcoin fund was established in Jersey in July 2014 and approved by the Jersey Financial Services Commission. Also, c. 2012 an attempt was made by Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss (who in April 2013 claimed they owned nearly 1% of all bitcoins in existence) to establish a bitcoin ETF. As of 10 March 2017 the bitcoin ETF was declined by the SEC because of regulatory concerns. The price fell 15% in a few minutes, but soon mostly recovered. As of early 2015, they have announced plans to launch a New York-based bitcoin exchange named Gemini, which has received approval to launch on 5 October 2015. On 4 May 2015, Bitcoin Investment Trust started trading on the OTCQX market as GBTC. In 2013 and 2014, the European Banking Authority and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), a United States self-regulatory organization, warned that investing in bitcoins carries significant risks. Forbes named bitcoin the best investment of 2013. In 2014, Bloomberg named bitcoin one of its worst investments of the year. In 2015, bitcoin topped Bloomberg's currency tables. To improve access to price information and increase transparency, on 30 April 2014 Bloomberg LP announced plans to list prices from bitcoin companies Kraken and Coinbase on its 320,000 subscription financial data terminals. In May 2015, Intercontinental Exchange Inc., parent company of the New York Stock Exchange, announced a bitcoin index initially based on data from Coinbase transactions. According to Bloomberg, in 2013 there were about 250 bitcoin wallets with more than $1 million worth of bitcoins. The number of bitcoin millionaires is uncertain as people can have more than one wallet. In 2023, 9 financial institutions filed FORM S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Notable entities include BlackRock, the largest money manager in the world. The SEC has not approved the iShares Bitcoin ETF per the EDGAR filings on grounds that applicants have not shown they can protect investors from market manipulation. Venture capital Venture capitalists, such as Peter Thiel's Founders Fund, which invested million in BitPay, do not purchase bitcoins themselves, instead funding bitcoin infrastructure like companies that provide payment systems to merchants, exchanges, wallet services, etc. In 2012, an incubator for bitcoin-focused start-ups was founded by Adam Draper, with financing help from his father, venture capitalist Tim Draper, one of the largest bitcoin holders after winning an auction of 30,000 bitcoins, at the time called 'mystery buyer'. The company's goal is to fund 100 bitcoin businesses within 2–3 years with $10,000 to $20,000 for a 6% stake. Investors also invest in bitcoin mining. According to a 2015 study by Paolo Tasca, bitcoin startups raised almost $1 billion in three years (Q1 2012 – Q1 2015). Crowdfunding Bitcoin is useful for crowdfunding. For example, one college football sign netted over $20,000 in donations for a bitcoin enthusiast. He was shown by local TV company with a broadsheet "Hi mom, send bitcoins". Political economy The decentralization of money offered by virtual currencies like bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics such as subjective theory of value, especially with Friedrich von Hayek in his book Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined, in which he advocates a complete free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks. Bitcoin appeals to tech-savvy libertarians, because it so far exists outside the institutional banking system and the control of governments. However, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data that this was linked to libertarianism. Bitcoin's appeal reaches from left wing critics, "who perceive the state and banking sector as representing the same elite interests, ... recognising in it the potential for collective direct democratic governance of currency" and socialists proposing their "own states, complete with currencies", to right wing critics suspicious of big government, at a time when activities within the regulated banking system were responsible for the severity of the financial crisis of 2007–08, "because governments are not fully living up to the responsibility that comes with state-sponsored money". Two WSJ journalists describe bitcoin in their book as "about freeing people from the tyranny of centralised trust". See also Cryptoeconomics Notes Further reading Halaburda, Hanna, Guillaume Haeringer, Joshua Gans, and Neil Gandal. 2022. "The Microeconomics of Cryptocurrencies." Journal of Economic Literature, 60 (3): 971-1013. References Bitcoin bitcoin
The Baotu Spring (, sometimes translated as "Jet Spring" or "Spurting Spring") is a culturally significant artesian karst spring located in the city of Jinan, Shandong, China. It is mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Annals, one of the Five Classics of Chinese literature, and was declared the "Number One Spring under the Heaven" () by the Qianlong Emperor in the Qing dynasty. The Baotu Spring is the most renowned among the more than 70 named artesian springs in the downtown area of the city of Jinan. The water of all these springs originates from an Ordovician karst aquifer under the city. As the terrain around Jinan slopes from the south down to the north, the recharge area for the aquifer is located in the mountainous area to the south of the city. The recharge area of the springs covers 1,500 square kilometres, out of which 550 km2 provide direct recharge and 950 km2 indirect recharge. Altogether, the springs fed by the aquifer have a discharge of about 300,000-350,000 cubic metres per day. Since the 1970s, the springs have stopped flowing several times because too much water has been taken out from the aquifer for human consumption (more than 270,000 m3 per day in the 1970s). The Baotu Spring is part of a cluster of about 20 named springs. Water age estimates suggest that its water originates from shallow circulation. The spring pool of the Baotu Spring is fed by an underwater limestone water through three outlets; the volume of the water coming out of the spring can reach peak values up to 1.6 cubic metres per second. The water jets from the spring are said to have reached highs up to 26 metres. The water temperature remains constant of 18 degree Celsius through the entire year. Other springs in the Baotu Group Among the other springs in the Baotu Group that are also on the list of the "seventy-two famous springs" () in Jinan are: Jinxian Spring () Huanghua Spring () Liuxu Spring () Woniu Spring (, literally "lying cattle spring") Shuyu Spring () Mapao Spring () Wuyou Spring (, literally "carefree spring") Shiwan Spring () Zhanlu Spring () Manjing Spring () Dengzhou Spring () Dukang Spring () Wangshui Spring () History The existence of the Baotu Spring has been dated back more than 3,500 years to the times of the Shang dynasty. The spring is mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Annals, the official chronicle of the ancient Lu state and one of the Five Classics of Chinese literature. The Baotu Spring is also described in the Shuijing Zhu ("Commentary on the Waterways Classic") compiled by the geographer Li Daoyuan during the Northern Wei dynasty. He writes that "spring gushes up, water gushing like wheel". In Li Daoyuan's time, the Baotu Spring and adjacent springs formed the source of the ancient Luo River; it now flows into Daming Lake via the old city moat, then the Xiaoqing River. The present-day name of the spring refers to the gushing up of the water. It dates back to the Song dynasty; previously the spring had been known under different names such as "Baoliu" and "Lanquan". The area of the Baotu Spring as well as some neighboring springs in the same group are protected by a public park (). The park was created in 1956 and covers now about 10.5 hectares. Architecture The spring water feeds into a rectangular spring pool that extends 30 meters from east to west and 18 meters from north to south. The spring pool is surrounded by historical structures such as the Leyuan (or Luoyuan) Hall (Song dynasty, to the north of the spring), the Guanlan Pavilion (Ming dynasty, west of the spring), and the Laihe Bridge (built during the Wanli era in the Ming dynasty, east of the spring). Close by, on the shore of the spring's runoff stands the Wangheting Teahouse. Other noteworthy structures are the Banbi Corridor and the Waterside Chamber. The largest architectural ensemble is the 10,000 Bamboo Garden (). It comprises 186 buildings arranged around 13 courtyards as well as four pavilions and five bridges. Originally built during the Yuan dynasty, it served as the residence of the governor of Shandong during the Ming dynasty. Later, it was the home of the poet Wang Ping, who purchased it during the Qing dynasty in 1692. In 1912, Zhang Huaizhi, a commander of the local army who later became governor of Shandong Province, bought the garden and kept enlarging it from 1912 to 1927. Other gardens and architectural ensembles within the park are the Cang Garden (with the memorial to Wang Xuetao), the Luoyuan Garden, the Hundred Flowers Garden, and the (May 3rd Massacre) Memorial Garden. Culture Baotu Spring has been a recurring subject of classic Chinese literature and has been written about by authors such as Zeng Gong (Song dynasty), Zhao Mengfu (Yuan dynasty), and Pu Songling (Qing dynasty). During the Qing dynasty, the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors visited the spring and left inscriptions there. The Qianlong Emperor conferred on it the honorary title "First Spring under the Heaven" (). The Baotu Spring public park also houses memorials to the local painters Li Kuchan (1898–1983) and Wang Xuetao (1903–1982) as well as to the poet Li Qingzhao. The latter has a memorial hall set in a traditional courtyard dedicated to her. The Baotu Spring is the site of an annual lantern festival (starts on the Chinese New Year day and lasts for one month, and a chrysanthemum show (since the 1970s, held from the end of October to the end of November. A local beer brand ("Baotu Quan" beer produced by Jinan Beer Group Corporation) is named after the spring and said to be brewed with water from the spring. Location The Baotu Spring is located right to the southwest of the city center of Jinan, on the outer side of the old city moat and near the west end of Quancheng Road (); its street address is Baotu Spring South Road 1 (), Jinan, Shandong. See also List of sites in Jinan (contains list of springs) References External links Official website (in Chinese) New Seventy-two Famous Springs in Jinan Bodies of water of Shandong Springs of China AAAAA-rated tourist attractions
Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Nuclear Labs, is a company specializing in neutron generator technology located in Monona, Wisconsin. Founded in 2005, the company develops nuclear and particle accelerator technologies for application in medicine, defense and energy. Phoenix has held contracts with the U.S. Army, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Air Force. Phoenix developed a proprietary gas target neutron generator technology and has designed and built a number of particle accelerator-related technologies. Corporate history Phoenix Nuclear Labs was founded in 2005 by Dr. Gregory Piefer after he completed his PhD in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Dr. Ross Radel, who joined the company in 2010, became the company president in July 2011. Retired Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt is on the company's scientific advisory board. In February 2014, Phoenix Nuclear Labs signed its first commercial contract to build a thermal neutron generation system for Ultra Electronics' Nuclear Control Systems, a British company that specializes in defense and security, transport and energy. In April 2014, Phoenix Nuclear Labs was awarded $1 million from the U.S. Department of Energy to design a high-current negative hydrogen ion source under the SBIR Phase II project. In August 2014, Phoenix Nuclear Labs and SHINE Medical Technologies successfully operated the second-generation neutron driver prototype for 24 consecutive hours with a 99% uptime. The test was said to be a key milestone towards the production of medical isotopes such as molybdenum-99 (parent isotope of the medically useful nuclear isomer ). SHINE plans to start production at a facility in Janesville, WI in 2017. In October 2014, Phoenix Nuclear Labs announced that it was awarded a $3 million contract by the U.S. Army to develop an advanced neutron radiography imaging system. The second-generation version will be sent to Picatinny Arsenal, a military facility in New Jersey, as an upgrade to one they sent in 2013. Products In October 2012, Phoenix Nuclear Labs received two contracts from the U.S. Army. The first contract was a $879,000 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II grant to help the company construct a high-flux neutron generator for the purpose of sensing improvised explosive devices (IED). The second contract was a $100,000 SBIR Phase I grant to design a neutron source for White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. This source would be used to test the radiation resistance of military equipment and equipment to be exposed to radiation in space as an alternative to current testing methods that use highly enriched uranium. In May 2012, the company had also raised funds to develop the neutron generator. In 2014, Phoenix Nuclear Labs also announced a successful preliminary test on the detection of 'undetectable explosives', by sensing the explosives materials instead of metal components. Medical isotope production Phoenix Nuclear Labs developed a proprietary gas target neutron generator technology and has designed and built a number of particle accelerator-related technologies. It has the technology to produce 3×1011 neutrons per second with the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction. This can be sustained for a 24-hour period. Their spin-off company, SHINE Medical Technologies plans to open a facility for the mass production of Mo-99, an isotope used for medical care. Molybdenum decays into technetium-99m, which is used in over 40,000 medical imaging procedures everyday in the US. Over 80% of nuclear medicine procedures rely on molybdenum to detect cancer and diagnose heart disease, among hundreds of other procedures utilizing this isotope. The U.S. obtains all of its molybdenum (representing about half of global demand) from the aging nuclear reactors outside of the U.S. However, many of these reactors are scheduled to be shut down and they furthermore utilize highly enriched uranium (HEU), which the US considers a nuclear weapons proliferation threat. To avoid the security concern of HEU, the accelerator-driven, low-enriched uranium (LEU) solution becomes the target for high-efficiency isotope production. The neutrons generated by the PNL neutron generator drive fission in a subcritical LEU solution. The LEU solution is irradiated for approximately a week and medical isotopes are then extracted from the solution, purified using established techniques and packaged for sale. The LEU solution is then recycled, achieving extremely efficient use of uranium and producing much less waste than current molybdenum production methods. The company's neutron generators have been demonstrated to achieve over 1,000 hours of operation. The process produces medical isotopes that fit into existing supply chains while eliminating the use of weapons-grade uranium and reliance on aging nuclear reactors. For example, the Canadian National Research Universal reactor (NRU) in Chalk River, Ontario currently produces these medical isotopes. In 2006, it produced two-thirds of the world's technetium-99m. A 2009 shutdown of the NRU threatened to delay medical tests for cancer patients. Prior to the 2009 shutdown the NRU produced nearly half of the world's supply of medical isotopes. References External links Official website Nuclear technology companies of the United States Companies based in Madison, Wisconsin Energy companies established in 2005 Non-renewable resource companies established in 2005
Upendra Rai (born 16 January 1982) is an Indian journalist and writer. He is Chairman & Managing Director and Editor-in-Chief of Bharat Express News Network. Earlier he was working as CEO and Editor-in-Chief at Sahara India Media. He has worked as CEO and Editor-in-Chief at Tehelka. Earlier he has also been with Sahara News Network as its Group CEO and Editor-in-Chief, looking after the functioning of Sahara Samay Channel along with Samay UP/ Uttarakhand, Samay Bihar/Jharkhand, Samay MP/CG, Samay Rajasthan, Aalami Samay and Rashtriya Sahara Hindi Daily. He resigned from Sahara News Network in June 2016 and started his own media house, 'The Printlines Media Group' as its chairman and Editor-in Chief. Early life Upendra Rai was born in the village Sherpur, Ghazipur. He got his early education at village Sherpur & Inter College Mohammadabad ,Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh and completed his graduation from University of Lucknow. He moved to Mumbai to pursue his career as Chief of Bureau of Rashtriya Sahara. In Mumbai he got Master of Business Administration from SVKM's NMIMS. Career He started his career as a correspondent in the year 1997 with Sahara News Network while pursuing his graduation at University of Lucknow. In October 2002 he joined Star News (Now ABP News) then in August 2004 he joined Network 18 where he worked as the member of launching team of CNBC Awaaz/CNBC TV18. He later joined Star News again (renamed ABP News) in year October 2005 as Principal Correspondent, where he did path-breaking stories related to Taxation, Business, Politics and Entertainment. In November 2009 he moved to Sahara News Network as Editor and News Director. However he left Sahara News Network in 2016 and started working as CEO and editor-in-chief of Tehelka. In September 2019 he came back to the fold of Sahara News Network again as its Senior Advisor. Upendra Rai did many big stories while working with Star News (ABP News) . He unearthed dmat account scandal in October 2005. Likewise, he broke the story of stud farm owner Hasan Ali in January 2007, which resulted in government agencies actions on Ali. Hastakshep Upendra Rai hosted a show Hastakshep on Sahara Samay. Hastakshep played a bridge between government and society discussing the issues affecting the masses. Hastakshep was launched 35 years back as Saturday supplement of Rashtiya Sahara where renowned analyst of economy, polity, current affairs and other subjects contribute with their well researched and articulated write-ups. Each edition of Hastakshep carries a special topic where scholars of various school of thought contribute with theirs different opinions and analysis. In February 2020 Sahara News Network launched a T.V. show Hastakshep keeping with same taste, tradition and format. Hastakshep has recently been in news for its series of interviews through skype and mojo, abiding the sop of COVID-19 lock down. Awards Star Achiever Award in 2006 Star Patrakar Ratna Award in 2007 Indian Television Academy Awards for best reporting among Hindi news channels, 2007 Lions Gold Awards by Lions Clubs International, Mumbai, 2008 Lions Gold Awards by Lions Clubs International, Mumbai, 2009 Bharosa Patrakar Samman with Javed Akhtar, 2010 National Integration Award, Hubli, Karnataka, December 2010 National Excellence Award, World Book of Records, London, 2019 References External links Tehelka Tehelka Hindi Samay Live 1982 births Living people Journalists from Uttar Pradesh People from Ghazipur Indian investigative journalists
better known monymously by her ring name Manami is a Japanese professional wrestler currently performing the Japanese promotion Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling where she is a former Sendai Girls Junior Champion and Sendai Girls Tag Team Champion. Professional wrestling career Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling (2017–present) Yamazoe is best known for her tenure with Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling. She made her professional wrestling debut at a house show promoted on April 6, 2017, where she went into a time-limit draw against Ruaka in a dark exhibition match. During her tenure with the company, she chased for various championships promoted by it. She started competing for the Sendai Girls Junior Championship in the inaugural tournament in which she defeated Mikoto Shindo but fell short to Ayame Sasamura in the finals from October 14, 2018. She succeeded in winning the title one year later at Sendai Girls Joshi Puroresu Big Show in Sendai on October 13, 2019, by defeating Mikoto Shindo. Her reign lasted for 406 days and it is still the longest to date. Another title she won was the Sendai Girls Junior Championship which she caprutred alongside Mika Iida on September 20, 2021, at Sendai Girls Burning UP by defeating Mio Momono and Rin Kadokura. She also took part in many match gimmicks. At Sendai Girls Road To GAEAism on October 1, 2021, she competed in a tag team gauntlet match in which she teamed up with Chihiro Hashimoto, Dash Chisako, Kanon, Mika Iwata, Natsuho Kaneko and Yurika Oka as "Team Sendai" in a losing effort against "Team Marvelous" (Hibiki, Maria, Masha Slamovich, Mei Hoshizuki, Mikoto Shindo, Mio Momono and Rin Kadokura). At Sendai Girls Joshi Puroresu Big Show 2021 In Niigata on June 27, she teamed up with Mika Iwata and Ryo Mizunami in a losing effort against Aja Kong, Ayame Sasamura and Hiroyo Matsumoto as a result of a six-woman tag team match. Yamazoe competed in one of the promotion's signature events, the Royal Tag Tournament, making her only appearance at the 2019 edition where she teamed up with Mikoto Shindo and defeated Nanami and Sareee in the first rounds and fell short to Reiwa Ultima Powers (Dash Chisako and Hiroyo Matsumoto) in the second rounds. Independent scene (2017–present) Due to partially working as a freelancer, Yamazoe competed in several companies of the Japanese independent scene, mainly due to Sendai Girls' partnerships. At Diana Sareee's Debut 8th Anniversary, an event promoted by World Woman Pro-Wrestling Diana on March 10, 2019, she teamed up with Mikoto Shindo and Rina Shingaki in a losing effort against Aja Kong, Kaoru Ito and Kyoko Inoue. At Pure-J Fight Together 2021 on March 20, she unsuccessfully challenged Akari for the Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championship. At Seadlinnng Go! Niigata! on July 22, 2021, she teamed up with Mika Iwata and Ryo Mizunami in a losing effort against Honori Hana, Nanae Takahashi and Yuu. At WAVE PHASE 2 Reboot 3rd ~ NAMI 1, an event promoted by Pro Wrestling Wave on September 1, 2022, Yamazoe teamed up with Haruka Umesaki and Rina Amikura in a losing effort against Kohaku, Suzu Suzuki and Yuna Mizumori. At GLEAT G PROWRESTLING Ver. 46 ~Origin, an event prooted by Gleat on March 15, 2023, she teamed up with Mika Iwata to defeat Michiko Miyagi and Yukari Hosokawa. Championships and accomplishments Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling Sendai Girls Junior Championship (1 time) Sendai Girls Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mika Iwata References 2004 births Living people Japanese female professional wrestlers 21st-century female professional wrestlers People from Osaka Prefecture Sportspeople from Osaka Prefecture Sendai Girls Tag Team Champions Sendai Girls Junior Champions
The 1902–03 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball team represented the University of Minnesota in intercollegiate basketball during the 1902–03 season. The team finished the season with a 13–0 record and was retroactively named the national champion by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. References Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball seasons Minnesota NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament championship seasons Minnesota Golden Gophers Men's Basketball Team Minnesota Golden Gophers Men's Basketball Team
is a private university in Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. History The Miyagi Girls' School was founded by the Reformed Church in the United States in Japan with the assistance of missionaries Masayoshi Oshikawa and William Edwin Hoy in 1886. It was expanded into a high school in 1911, and chartered as a university in 1946. Organization Undergraduate Faculty of Arts Department of English Japanese Literature Department Department of Human Culture Psychology Department of Behavioral Sciences Music department Food and Nutrition Department Life and Culture Department of Design Department of clinical development International Culture Department Children's Department of Education Graduate Humanities Graduate School of Humanities English, Department of English and American Literature Japanese Language and Literature Department Human Culture Department Life and Culture Design Department Health and Nutrition Studies Alumni Toshiko Abe - politician Sayaka Ando - gravure idol References External links Official website Educational institutions established in 1886 Christian universities and colleges in Japan Private universities and colleges in Japan Universities and colleges in Miyagi Prefecture Women's universities and colleges in Japan Buildings and structures in Sendai 1886 establishments in Japan
This is a list of women writers who were born in Ecuador or whose writings are closely associated with that country. A Carmen Acevedo Vega (1913–2006), poet, novelist, short story writer, journalist Elysa Ayala (1879–1956), short story writer, painter B Ana Cecilia Blum (born 1972), novelist, journalist Veronica Bonilla (born 1962), prolific children's writer, publishes in Spanish and English Rosa Borja de Ycaza (1889–1964), playwright, novelist, poet, essayist, feminist Aminta Buenaño (born 1958), short story writer, journalist, politician C Hipatia Cárdenas de Bustamante (1889–1972), novelist, poet, journalist, suffragist, feminist Fanny Carrión de Fierro (born 1936), poet, critic, essayist, educator María Piedad Castillo de Levi (1888—1962), poet, journalist, suffragist Luz Argentina Chiriboga (born 1940) Afro-Ecuadorian essayist, poet, novelist Mary Corylé (1894–1976), journalist, poet Alicia Yánez Cossío (born 1928), poet, novelist, journalist E Ileana Espinel (1933–2001), poet, journalist, magazine editor Jenny Estrada (born 1940), historian, biographer, non-fiction writer, journalist F Carmen Febres-Cordero de Ballén (1829–1893), writer, poet G Karina Galvez (born 1964), Ecuadorian-American poet, writes in Spanish and English H Yanna Hadatty (born 1969), short story writer, essayist Catalina de Jesús Herrera (1717–1795), prioress, nun, autobiographer, mystical poet I Edna Iturralde (born 1948), acclaimed children's writer L Violeta Luna (born 1943), poet, novelist, essayist, critic, educator M Nela Martínez (1912–2004), politician, activist, poet, short story writer O Elisa Ortiz de Aulestia (1909–1991), teacher and writer R Cristina Reyes (born 1981), poet, lawyer, and politician Sonia Romo Verdesoto, poet, author of Ternura del aire (1963) Lupe Rumazo (born 1933), essayist, short story writer, novelist T Doménica Tabacchi (born 1973), politician, journalist U Zoila Ugarte de Landívar (1864–1969), journalist, magazine editor, suffragist, feminist V Dolores Veintimilla (1829–1857), poet Marieta de Veintemilla (1855–1907), first lady, non-fiction writer Raquel Verdesoto (1910–1999), poet, biographer, feminist Eugenia Viteri (1928–2023), novelist, anthologist, teacher See also List of women writers List of Spanish-language authors References - Ecuadorian women writers, List of Writers Women writers, List of Ecuadorian
Myron Alan White (August 1, 1957 – August 4, 2018) was an American baseball player who played as an outfielder for the Los Angeles Dodgers during the 1978 season. White was a running back at Santa Ana Valley High School. He rushed for 4,194 yards in his high school career, an Orange County record at the time. The Dodgers drafted White in the second round in 1975, and gave him a signing bonus of $60,000: he had been offered a football scholarship by UCLA. He played in the Dodgers' minor league system from 1975 to 1981. White was married briefly and had three daughters. His mother, who outlived him, said that he was unable to work for many years because of health problems. White died from complications relating to diabetes on August 4, 2018, in Cabazon, California. References External links , or Retrosheet 1957 births 2018 deaths African-American baseball players Major League Baseball outfielders Los Angeles Dodgers players Baseball players from Long Beach, California Bellingham Dodgers players Danville Dodgers players Lodi Dodgers players San Antonio Dodgers players Albuquerque Dukes players 20th-century African-American sportspeople 21st-century African-American people Deaths from diabetes
Peter Paustian is a German rower. He won a gold medal at the 1962 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne with the men's coxless four. References Year of birth missing West German male rowers World Rowing Championships medalists for West Germany Possibly living people
Myotubularin domain represents a region within eukaryotic myotubularin-related proteins that is sometimes found with the GRAM domain . Myotubularin is a dual-specific lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bi-phosphate. Mutations in gene encoding myotubularin-related proteins have been associated with disease. Human proteins containing this domain MTM1; MTMR1; MTMR10; MTMR11; MTMR12; MTMR2; MTMR3; MTMR4; MTMR6; MTMR7; MTMR8; MTMR9; SBF1; SBF2; References External links - Myotubularin phosphatase domain in PROSITE Protein domains Peripheral membrane proteins
Carabus hummelii tristiculus is a subspecies of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae that is endemic to Russia, where it can only be found in Maritime province. The species are bluish-black coloured. References Carabus Beetles described in 1879 Endemic fauna of Primorsky Krai
Sinoville is a northern suburb of Pretoria, South Africa. It lies to the east of the Wonderboom, on the northern slopes of the Magaliesberg mountains, and south of Wonderboom Airport. History Sinoville was named after the Sinovich family, from Eastern Europe. Marija street is named after Mr Sinovich's wife, Marija. A selection of streets in the area are named after members of the family. The original name of Sefako Makgatho Drive was Sinovich Avenue, then renamed Zambesi drive in the 1970s. References Suburbs of Pretoria
"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'" is a song recorded by American country music artists Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart. It was released in November 1991 as the third single from Tritt's album It's All About to Change. It peaked at number two on the Billboard country music chart in the United States, and at number four on the country singles chart in Canada. The song was written by Stuart and Ronny Scaife. The song won both artists the Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals at the 356h Annual Grammy Awards in 1992. Music video The music video is directed by Gerry Wenner. In it, Tritt and Stuart are at a bar and they wind up going to jail, but are bailed out by a woman who was also at the bar. Personnel Compiled from liner notes. Richard Bennett — electric guitar Mike Brignardello — bass guitar Larry Byrom — acoustic guitar Terry Crisp — steel guitar Stuart Duncan — fiddle Dennis Locorriere — background vocals Tim Passmore — background vocals Matt Rollings — piano Jim Ruggiere — harmonica Marty Stuart — electric guitar solo, lead and background vocals Travis Tritt — lead vocals Steve Turner — drums Billy Joe Walker Jr. — electric guitar Chart positions Year-end charts References Travis Tritt songs Marty Stuart songs 1992 singles Male vocal duets Songs written by Marty Stuart Warner Records singles Songs written by Ronny Scaife 1991 songs
The Othello Syndrome is an album by pianist Uri Caine featuring compositions based on excerpts from Giuseppe Verdi's opera Otello which was released on the Winter & Winter label in 2008. Reception In his review for Allmusic, Ken Dryden notes that "Opera fans without a sense of humor will scoff at this recording, but Caine shows a love of the music, even in his madcap charts". PopMatters correspondent Will Layman said "The Othello Syndrome, Caine's zany take on Verdi's 1887 opera, is Caine's most consistently focused classical project and, plainly, one of the very best". On the website All About Jazz, C. Michael Bailey wrote, "The Othello Syndrome is Uri Caine at his mad scientist best: conjuring music from a million different places and making it sound like it was with you at home all the time". JazzTimes reviewer, Perry Tannenbaum, observed "The Othello Syndrome is obviously a meticulously crafted piece. While its daring and eclecticism will no doubt spark lively controversy, its heart points up the beauty of Verdi's score". Track listing All compositions by Uri Caine after Giuseppe Verdi "Othello's Victory" – 3:39 "Fire Song" – 4:56 "Drinking Song" – 4:25 "Love Duet with Othello and Desdemona" – 8:28 "Introduction to Act II" – 2:49 "Jago's Credo" – 4:42 "She's the Only One I Love" – 6:02 "Jago's Web" – 3:55 "Desdemona's Lament" – 4:44 "Am I a Fool?" – 5:18 "The Lion of Venice" – 3:53 "Othello's Confession" – 3:25 "The Willow Song / Ave Maria" – 7:41 "Murder" – 4:17 "The Death of Othello" – 5:05 Personnel Uri Caine – piano, keyboards Ralph Alessi – trumpet Achille Succi, Chris Speed – clarinet Joyce Hammann – violin Nguyên Lê – guitar Tim Lefebvre – bass, electric bass John Hebert bass Jim Black, Zach Danziger – drums Bruno Fabrizio Sorba, Stefano Bassanese – electronics Bunny Sigler (tracks 1, 4, 7, 10 & 15), Dhafer Youssef (tracks 1 & 14), Josefine Lindstrand (tracks 4, 9 & 13) – vocals Julie Patton (tracks 4 & 14), Marco Paolini (tracks 6 & 8), Sadiq Bey (tracks 6, 12 & 14) – voice References Winter & Winter Records albums Uri Caine albums 2008 albums Works based on Othello
Taleh Jerd-e Sofla (, also Romanized as Taleh Jerd-e Soflá and Taleh Jerd Sofla; also known as Talah Jerd and Talehjerd-e Pa’in) is a village in Kamazan-e Sofla Rural District, Zand District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 17 families. References Populated places in Malayer County
See Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar (Buenos Aires) for the church in Buenos Aires The Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar () is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Zaragoza, Aragon (Spain). The basilica's titular is the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of the Pillar, praised as "Mother of the Hispanic Peoples" by Pope John Paul II. It is reputed to be the first church dedicated to Mary in history. Local traditions take the history of this basilica to the spread of Christianity in Roman Spain attributing to an apparition to Saint James the Great, the apostle who is believed by tradition to have brought Christianity to the country. This is the only reported apparition of Mary to have occurred before her believed Assumption. Many of the kings of Spain, many other foreign rulers and saints have paid their devotion before this statue of Mary. Saint John of the Cross, Saint Teresa of Ávila, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, and Blessed William Joseph Chaminade are among the foremost ones. The Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar is one of two minor basilicas in the city of Zaragoza, and is co-cathedral of the city alongside the nearby La Seo de Zaragoza. The architecture is of Baroque style, and the present building was predominantly built between 1681 and 1872. History Apparition of Pilar According to ancient local tradition, soon after the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus, Saint James was preaching the Gospel in Spain, but was disheartened because of the failure of his mission. Tradition holds that on 2 January 40 AD, while he was deep in prayer by the banks of the Ebro, the Mother of God appeared to him and gave a column of jasper and instructed him to build a church in her honor: "This place is to be my house, and this image and column shall be the title and altar of the temple that you shall build." First chapel About a year after the apparition, James is believed to have had a small chapel built in Mary's honor, the first church ever dedicated to her. After James returned to Jerusalem, he was executed by Herod Agrippa in about 44 AD, the first apostle to be martyred for his faith. Several of his disciples took his body and returned it for final burial in Spain. This first chapel was eventually destroyed with various other Christian shrines, but the statue and the pillar stayed intact under the protection of the people of Zaragoza. Expansions Romanesque church Numerous churches have been built upon this site through the years. The tiny chapel built by Saint James later gave way to a basilica-like enclosure during Constantine I's time; subsequently being transformed into Romanesque, then Gothic then Mudéjar styles. The venerated shrines at Zaragoza date to the Christian Reconquest by King Alfonso I in 1118. A church in the Romanesque style was built under the pontificate of Pedro de Librana who is also credited with the oldest written testimonial to the Virgin at Zaragoza. A tympanum on the south wall of this Romanesque church still stands. Gothic church The Romanesque church was damaged by fire in 1434, and reconstruction began in the Mudéjar Gothic style. A Gothic-style church was built in the 15th century but only a few parts of it remain intact or were later restored, including the choir stand and the altarpiece in alabaster by Damián Forment. Current church The present spacious church in Baroque style was begun in 1681 by Charles II, King of Spain and completed in 1686. The early constructions were supervised by Felipe Sanchez and were later modified by Francisco Herrera the Younger under John of Austria the Younger. In 1725, the Cabildo of Zaragoza decided to change the aspect of the Holy Chapel and commissioned the architect Ventura Rodríguez, who transformed the building into its present dimensions of 130 meters long by 67 wide, with its eleven cupolas and four towers. The area most visited is the eastern part of the chapel, because this is where the Holy Chapel by Ventura Rodríguez (1754) is built, which houses the venerated image of the Virgin. Around the Holy Chapel are the vaults or domes painted with frescoes by Francisco Goya: The Queen of Martyrs and Adoration of the Name of God. The gilding and other ornamentation throughout the building were designed and overseen by Goya's father José. By 1718 the church had been vaulted over. However, it was not until 1872 that the final touches were put to these vaults, when the main dome and the final spire were finished. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 three bombs were dropped on the church but none of them exploded. Two of them are still on show in the basilica. Notable choirmasters include the Baroque composer Joseph Ruiz Samaniego. Pillar and the image The statue is wooden and 39 cm tall and rests on a column of jasper. The tradition of the shrine of El Pilar, as given by Our Lady in an apparition to Sister Mary Agreda and written about in Mystical City of God, is that Our Lady was carried on a cloud by the angels to Zaragoza during the night. While they were traveling, the angels built a pillar of marble, and a miniature image of Our Lady. Our Lady gave the message to St James and added that a church was to be built on the site where the apparition took place. The pillar and the image were to be part of the main altar. The image was crowned in 1905 with a crown designed by the Marquis of Griñi, and valued at 450,000 pesetas (£18,750, 1910). Layout The building, which can be seen from the nearby Ebro River, is a large rectangle with a nave and two aisles, with two other all-brick chapels, thus giving the whole a typically Aragonese touch. It is illuminated by large oculi, characteristic of the monuments of the region from the 17th century onwards. Twelve enormous pillars support the vaults of the nave and aisles; the whole is topped by domes, as are the chapels. The chapels within the basilica include: Chapel of the Rosary Chapel of Joachim Chapel of Saint Lawrence (Lorenzo) Chapel of Saint Pedro de Arbués Chapel of Saint Braulio Chapel of Saint Anthony Chapel of Saint Joseph Chapel of Saint Anna Chapel of Saint John Organ and music The first organ was built in 1463 by Enrique de Colonia. In 1537, Martín de Córdoba built another organ with the intent to compete with the one at the La Seo. Guillermo de Lupe and his son Gaudioso restructured the larger organ between 1595 and 1602; he had done the same for an organ in the Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza in 1577. In 1657, there were several organs in the church, of many sizes and offering many possibilities. As a result, the musical activity reached a peak in the Spanish Golden Age; however, it began to decline toward the end of the 19th century. In the Middle Ages, a minstrel accompanied singers with a dulcian. Polyphony in the Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar was first documented in the mid-17th century, played by a "tenor" and a "contrabajón". In the late 1600s, an orchestra composed of minstrels agreed to work for the Church of Santa María la Mayor, the predecessor of the cathedral-basilica. El Pilar and Spanish identity The feast of Our Lady of the Pillar, celebrating the first apparition of Mary to Hispanic people, is on October 12. This coincides with the Día de la Hispanidad and the date of Columbus's discovery of the New World. Every nation of Hispanic colonial origin has donated national vestments for the fifteenth-century statue of the Virgin, which is housed in the chapel. Pope John Paul II praised El Pilar as "Mother of the Hispanic Peoples" during both his visits to the basilica. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1904. See also Marian apparitions Roman Catholic Marian churches 12 Treasures of Spain List of Bien de Interés Cultural in the Province of Zaragoza References ANSÓN NAVARRO, Arturo y Belén Boloqui Larraya, «Zaragoza Barroca», en Guillermo Fatás Cabeza (coord.), Guía histórico-artística de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Institución «Fernando el Católico»; Ayto. de Zaragoza, 2008, 4.ª ed. revisada y ampliada, págs. 249–327. Cfr. especialmente la sección «Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Pilar», págs. 287–322.— . «El Pilar», Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa (en línea). [Consulta:22-7-2008] NOUGUÉS SECALL, Mariano, Historia crítica y apologética de la Virgen nuestra señora del Pilar de Zaragoza y de su templo y tabernáculo desde el siglo I hasta nuestros días, Madrid, Alejandro Gómez Fuentenebro, 1862. ORTIZ ALBERO, Miguel Ángel, Julián Pelegrín Campo y María Pilar Rivero Gracia, El Pilar desconocido, Zaragoza, Heraldo de Aragón, 2006, pág. 13.—D. L. Z-2597-06. RINCÓN GARCÍA, Wifredo, El Pilar de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Everest, 2000. . RISCO, Manuel, España Sagrada, t. XXX. Contiene el estado antiguo de la Santa Iglesia de Zaragoza [...] y una colección de las epístolas de San Braulio [...], Madrid, Antonio de Sancha, 1775. Our Lady of the Pillar Our Lady of the Pillar, Zaragoza Zaragoza, Our Lady of the Pillar Roman Catholic churches completed in 1686 Roman Catholic churches completed in 1961 19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Spain Church buildings with domes Shrines to the Virgin Mary Tourist attractions in Zaragoza Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Zaragoza Baroque architecture in Aragon Cultural tourism in Spain 17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Spain
Route 455, or Highway 455, may refer to: Canada Manitoba Provincial Road 455 New Brunswick Route 455 Japan Japan National Route 455 United States Florida State Road 455 Maryland Route 455 (former) Puerto Rico Highway 455 Tennessee State Route 455 Texas: Texas State Highway Loop 455 Farm to Market Road 455
North Sterling State Park is a Colorado State Park located in Logan County north of Sterling, Colorado, Colorado. The park established in 1992 includes a reservoir with of surface area and of hiking trails along the shoreline. Warm water fish in the reservoir include walleye, wiper, bass, yellow perch, and channel catfish. Facilities include over 100 campsites, boat ramps, a swim beach and a visitors center. References State parks of Colorado Sterling, Colorado Protected areas of Logan County, Colorado Protected areas established in 1992
Sanoja is a surname which is common in Venezuela and the Dominican Republic. People with the name Chucho Sanoja (1926–1998), Venezuelan musician Jesús Sanoja Hernández (1930–2007), Venezuelan journalist, historian, and writer Sonia Sanoja (1932–2017), Venezuelan dancer, teacher, choreographer, and poet References
Bukovica pri Vodicah (; in older sources also Bukovca, ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vodice in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. Name The name of the settlement was changed from Bukovica to Bukovica pri Vodicah (literally, 'Bukovica near Vodice') in 1953. Bukovica is a common toponym and oronym in Slovenia. It is derived from the adjective bukov 'beech' (from bukev 'beech tree') and originally referred to the local vegetation. In the past the German name was Bukowitz. References External links Bukovica pri Vodicah on Geopedia Populated places in the Municipality of Vodice
Madeline Mitchell Gwin (née Mitchell; born May 17, 1989) is an American beauty pageant titleholder from Russellville, Alabama. She won the title of Miss Alabama USA 2011 and competed in the Miss USA 2011 competition, where she finished as the second runner-up. She later won the Mrs. America 2015 pageant. Career Mitchell had previously competed in the 2008 Miss Alabama USA pageant and placed as the second runner-up. She returned one year later and competed in the 2009 Miss Alabama USA competition and only finished Top 15. Mitchell was named 2nd runner-up at Miss USA 2011 pageant held at Las Vegas on June 19, 2011. She won the Mrs. America 2015 pageant on March 28. With her then fiancé Ryan Gwin, Mitchell competed in the first season of Get Out Alive with Bear Grylls which premiered on July 8, 2013 on NBC. The couple finished in 4th place in the penultimate episode. Personal life On September 26, 2008, while she was on her way to show her mother her new dress for the 2008 Miss Alabama USA competition, she hit a deer and lost control of her vehicle. The car went into ravine and caught fire just off of Alabama State Route 13. Walmart truck driver Gary Lewellen extinguished the fire in her car during the accident. She and her boyfriend were trapped, hanging upside down, in the car. She spent 12 days in a coma at the University of Alabama Hospital following the accident and had multiple fractures to her leg, broken ribs, and internal injuries. She spent 21 days on a respirator and two months in a wheelchair. With a femur broken in 12 places and pneumonia, she was at risk of losing not only her leg, but also her life. Although doctors had doubted the possibility, she was able to walk after several months. , she was in the final year of studies at the University of Alabama, where she studied elementary education. On November 7, 2010, as Miss Tuscaloosa, she won the title of Miss Alabama USA at the Bama Theatre in Tuscaloosa. Her parents are Suzanne and John Mitchell. References External links Official Miss Alabama USA website Official Miss USA website 1989 births American beauty pageant winners Living people Miss Alabama USA winners Miss USA 2011 delegates People from Russellville, Alabama University of Alabama alumni Participants in American reality television series
Arthur Richard Lever (25 March 1920 – 20 August 2004), nicknamed "Buller", was a Welsh professional footballer and Wales international. Career Born in Cardiff, Lever joined his hometown club Cardiff City at the age of twenty-two in 1942 having played amateur football. He went on to play over one hundred wartime fixtures for the club before making his league debut during the 1946–1947 season against Norwich City. He was ever present for the club in his first season and went on to play in one hundred and fourteen consecutive league games for the club, the run ending in March 1949 when he was injured in a match against Tottenham Hotspur. In September 1950 he joined Leicester City for a fee of £17,000, eventually going on to become club captain. He spent four years at Filbert Street before returning to South Wales to play for Newport County until his retirement from football in 1957 due to an Achilles tendon problem. During his career Lever won just one cap for Wales when he played against Scotland at Ninian Park in 1952. However it is widely believed he could have won more caps had he played in a different period as during his career Wales had numerous top level full backs. Lever was well known as being a sporting all-rounder during his life and played numerus sports at different levels, including Baseball, Basketball, Cricket and Golf. He died on 20 August 2004 after spending a short time at a nursing home in Cardiff. He is buried in Thornhill, Cardiff. References 1920 births 2004 deaths Footballers from Cardiff Welsh men's footballers Wales men's international footballers Cardiff City F.C. players Leicester City F.C. players Newport County A.F.C. players English Football League players Men's association football defenders
Wayne Madsen may refer to: Wayne Madsen (journalist) (born 1954), American journalist and conspiracy theorist Wayne Madsen (sportsperson) (born 1984), English cricketer
Mark Skidmore is an American economist. He is Professor of Economics and Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics at Michigan State University, where he holds the Morris Chair in State and Local Government Finance and Policy. Skidmore completed his undergraduate education at the University of Washington and received a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Colorado in 1994 for his dissertation "State Responses to Fiscal Stress". In the spring of 2017, Skidmore summarized and reported on $21 trillion in unsupported accounting adjustments in the United States Department of Defense's budget. Vaccination Skidmore maintains a personal blog in which he has made a number of posts evincing a strong anti-vaccination stance. In January 2023, an article authored by Skidmore appeared in the journal BMC Infectious Diseases in which Skidmore claimed that the COVID-19 vaccines had killed 278,000 people. Following post-publication peer-review the article was retracted by the journal, citing concerns about methodology, accuracy, and mis-statements about ethical clearance. Further reading Dave Lindorff: Exclusive: The Pentagon’s Massive Accounting Fraud Exposed How US military spending keeps rising even as the Pentagon flunks its audit, November 27, 2018 The Solari Report - THE MISSING MONEY Mark Skidmore's Personal Web page References American economists Michigan State University faculty University of Washington alumni Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Anti-vaccination in the United States
Hypospila tamsi is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It is found on the New Hebrides. References Moths described in 1951 Hypospila
Henry Taefu (born 2 April 1993) is a Samoan professional Rugby Union player. He currently plays for in the Bunnings NPC and Moana Pasifika in the Super Rugby Pacific, having previously played for the Western Force in Australia’s Super Rugby AU. His playing position is inside centre. Early / provincial career Taefu was born in Apia, the capital city of Samoa, but moved to New Zealand with his family at age 9, then to Brisbane in Australia aged 12. He attended school at the famed Anglican Church Grammar School in Brisbane and upon graduation joined the Parramatta Eels, a rugby league club based in the suburbs of Sydney. However, in 2012 he moved back to Queensland and joined Queensland Premier Rugby side Sunnybank. He helped the Dragons reach the grand final of the competition in 2014 and was the team's 5th highest point scorer in 2015. His form at this level earned selection for the ahead of the inaugural National Rugby Championship in 2014. He was on the move again in 2015, heading back north to Brisbane to join . Super Rugby career Taefu’s performances over 2 seasons in the National Rugby Championship saw Super Rugby franchise, the Queensland Reds, come calling in 2016. He debuted in the derby match against the on 27 February and went on to make 4 appearances during the season, netting 4 conversions and one penalty. On 17 October 2021, it was announced that Henry signed with the new Super Rugby franchise, Moana Pasifika International Taefu was selected as a member of the Australia Under-20 squad which competed in the 2013 IRB Junior World Championship in France. He played 2 matches before succumbing to a shoulder injury which required surgery that in turn uncovered an undiagnosed adrenal gland tumour. He has played for the Manu Samoa since 2017 and played in their 2019 Rugby World Cup Squad. He scored all 19 points in the third pool game against Japan. In 2021, he started both 2023 World Cup Qualifiers against Tonga. Super Rugby statistics References External links 1993 births Living people Australian rugby union players Rugby union centres Greater Sydney Rams players Brisbane City (rugby union) players Queensland Reds players Samoan emigrants to Australia People educated at Anglican Church Grammar School Rugby union players from Apia Samoa international rugby union players Moana Pasifika players Samoan rugby union players Colomiers Rugby players Western Force players North Harbour rugby union players 2019 Rugby World Cup players
Impact Plus (stylized as IMPACT! +Plus) is a video streaming service owned and operated by Anthem Wrestling Exhibitions, the parent company of professional wrestling promotion Impact Wrestling. The platform replaced the Global Wrestling Network and features services not previously available on GWN, notably live monthly premium events. The platform utilized the technology and ecosystem of Brightcove. History The first service to stream Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) content on-demand happened in 2009, when the company introduced its TNA Video Vault. The service changed its name to 'TNA On Demand' in 2010 and ran up until around early 2013. The company also launched the 'TNA Wrestling Plus' YouTube channel - where users could rent pay-per-views and documentaries previously released on DVD. In early 2017, Anthem launched the 'Total Access TNA' (later renamed 'Total Access Impact') originally for UK users after the Challenge channel's TNA broadcasting contract had expired. On October 10, 2017 Impact Wrestling launched Global Wrestling Network with 1,000 hours of content from the Impact Wrestling library. The service also includes content from the Fight Network, Border City Wrestling, Wrestling at the Chase and other sources. On August 14, 2018 Jeff Jarrett and his company Global Force Entertainment announced that it had filed a lawsuit against Impact Wrestling's parent company Anthem Sports & Entertainment in the District Court of Tennessee for copyright infringement over the GFW rights, as Jarrett owned all Global Force Wrestling properties since its creation in 2014. If the lawsuit by Jarrett is successful, Impact would need to immediately suspend the operations of GWN. On April 28, 2019, during its Rebellion pay-per-view, Impact announced the launching of Impact Plus which replaced Global Wrestling Network. On August 30, 2019, Impact announced that an Impact Plus subscription package would be available on FITE TV. Programming TNA/Impact All monthly pay-per-view events All Impact Plus Monthly Specials All TNA weekly pay-per-views (promoted as The Asylum Years) Select One Night Only events (All 2013–2015, 2017–2019; 7 of 10 2016) All episodes of TNA British Boot Camp Select episodes of Impact! (All 2004–2012, 2017–present (except those which aired within 10 days); select 2013, 2015–2016) Select episodes of Impact! Xplosion (All 2018, select 2016–2017) Select episodes of TNA Legends Select episodes of TNA Unfinished Business Select episodes of TNA's Greatest Matches Select episodes of TNA Epics All episodes of Inside Impact All Twitch specials All episodes of Outside the Ropes All episodes of Callihan Uncensored All episodes of Before the Impact All episodes of Gut Check All episodes of Impact! After Shock All episodes of TNA Reaction New episodes of Impact in 60 New episodes of Classic Compilations (TNA's home video releases) New episodes of Hidden Gems Source: Classic wrestling Pro Wrestling Superstars Wrestling at the Chase Independent wrestling Capital Wrestling International Pro Wrestling WrestleCade Superkick'd AML Wrestling Future Stars of Wrestling WrestlePro Rise Wrestling PCW UK Rocky Mountain Pro Great White North Wrestling Prestige Wrestling Destiny World Wrestling Border City Wrestling Championship Wrestling From Hollywood Championship Wrestling From Arizona Alpha-1 Wrestling Ultimate Championship Wrestling World Series Wrestling Smash Wrestling Lariato Pro Source: References External links Internet properties established in 2019 Internet television channels Impact Wrestling Subscription video streaming services Professional wrestling streaming services Anthem Sports & Entertainment
Hanumangarh Assembly constituency is one of constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in the Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency). Hanumangarh Constituency covers all voters from part of Hanumangarh tehsil, which includes ILRC Hanumangarh including Hanumangarh Municipal Board, ILRC Ronawali, ILRC Pucca Sarnan, ILRC Fatehgarh, ILRC Lakhuwali and ILRC Norangdesar. Members of Assembly Election results 2023 2018 References See also Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) Hanumangarh district Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan
The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail is a cycle trail set in the remote wilderness of southern New Zealand. 186 km in length, it can be ridden in either direction, starting at Kingston or Walter Peak and taking three to five days at a relaxed pace to complete. The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail is recognised as one of New Zealand's 23 Great Rides. The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail offers alpine vista views, a glimpse at the pristine waters of the Mavora Lakes (an awe-inspiring location featured in The Lord of the Rings Trilogy), as well as being able to cycle alongside the Ōreti River and Mataura River, through native tussock lands and authentic high country farms. The trail can also include a ride on the century-old coal-fired steamship, the TSS Earnslaw. Route Many cyclists start the trail at Walter Peak Station on the shore of Lake Wakatipu, after a boat trip on the TSS Earnslaw. The trail then follows Mount Nicholas Road, Mavora Lakes Road and Centre Hill Road. At Centre Hill the purpose built cycle trail starts and follows the south bank of the Ōreti River through to Mossburn. From Mossburn the trail continues to Lumsden, and then from Lumsden the trail passes through the small townships of Five Rivers, Athol, Garston and finishes back at the lakeside of Lake Wakatipu in Kingston. Grade The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail is classed as a Grade 2–3 ride (New Zealand Cycle Trail Design guide classifications) with conditions suitable for novices and families, with the exception of the 2.5 km-long Von Hill climb which can be walked if it proves too challenging. The constructed sections of the trail amount to approximately 90 km of predominantly Grade 2 track. Additionally sections of the trail utilise existing roads and considered as Grade 3 sections. Funding and construction The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail has been funded as one of the projects of the New Zealand Cycle Trail. The announcement of government funding for Quick Start Trails in 2009 by then Prime Minister John Key was the catalyst for making the Around the Mountains Cycle Trail a reality. Southland District Council successfully secured the financial backing needed to create a trail through some of the most beautiful scenery in New Zealand. Work on stage one from Kingston to Mossburn started in June 2013 and included the construction of purpose-built cycle bridges crossing the Mataura River and Eyre Creek. It was officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister Bill English at a ceremony in Lumsden on 1 November 2014. Further funding was approved in 2014 to enable SDC to embark on stage two from Mossburn to Walter Peak. Stage two of the cycle trail was completed in 2017, using existing low volume roads from the end point of Centre Hill through to the termination at Walter Peak Station on the shores of Lake Wakatipu. Funding was approved in April 2019 from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) to install 28 interpretation panels capturing the unique history of the local areas, along with bike stands and water tanks to enhance the shelters. Installation was completed in December 2019. Flooding occurred in February 2020 and an application to MBIE was approved allowing repairs to the Cycle Trail as well as improvements to sections of the trail, ensuring the quality of the trail meets the Grade two standard. Works started in August 2020. Management Southland District Council employs a dedicated Trail Manager and there is an official partnership programme with local businesses. References External links Around the Mountains Trail (project webpage at the New Zealand Cycle Trail official website) Official Around the Mountains Cycle Trail website Old Knees Guide to the Cycle Trail: Kingston to Garston; Garston to Athol; Athol to Five Rivers; Five Rivers to Lumsden New Zealand Cycle Trail Tourist attractions in Southland, New Zealand Sport in Southland, New Zealand
```sqlpl CREATE TABLE null_shard_key (id int, name text); SELECT create_distributed_table('null_shard_key', null); INSERT INTO null_shard_key (id, name) VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'); ```
Melanthius (; ), the son of Dolius, is a minor, yet important character in Homer's Odyssey: Odysseus's disloyal goatherd. In contrast, Odysseus's cowherd Philoetius and swineherd Eumaeus have both remained loyal to Odysseus during his twenty years of wanderings, as have Melanthius's father and six brothers. Mythology Melanthius provides the best goats of the herd for a feast for the suitors of Penelope. He serves the suitors at the dining table, pouring them wine or lighting a fire in the hall upon their order. He is apparently favored by many of them: Eurymachus is said to like him best of all, and he is allowed to have meals in the same dining hall with the suitors. Odysseus, disguised as a beggar and accompanied by Eumaeus, encounters Melanthius on his way into town, by the fountain dedicated to the nymphs. Melanthius immediately taunts Odysseus and proceeds to kick him on the hip, unaware that he is really dishonoring his master, causing Odysseus to consider attacking him. Later, when Odysseus is brought in front of the suitors, Melanthius asserts that he knows nothing of the stranger and that Eumaeus alone is responsible for bringing him in. His speech results in the suitors' rebuking Eumaeus. Early in the battle with the suitors, Eumaeus and Philoetius catch Melanthius trying to steal more weapons and armour for the suitors. On the orders of Odysseus, they bind him and string him up from the rafters, where he is mocked by Eumaeus. When the battle is won, Telemachus (the son of Odysseus), Eumaeus, and Philoetius hang the twelve slaves, including Melanthius's sister Melantho, before turning their attention to Melanthius. They take him to the inner court, chop off his nose and ears with a sword, pull off his genitals to feed to the dogs, and then, in their fury, chop off his hands and feet. Namesake 12973 Melanthios, a Jovian asteroid Notes References Homer, and Stanley Lombardo. Odyssey. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co, 2000. Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Characters in the Odyssey
32–40 Kent Street, Millers Point are heritage-listed terrace houses located at 32–40 Kent Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. History Millers Point is one of the earliest areas of European settlement in Australia, and a focus for maritime activities. Terrace housing built during the 1860s. First tenanted by the NSW Department of Housing in 1982. Description A simple two storey Victorian terrace house with two bedrooms. Features include a cantilevered balcony over footpath, a corrugated iron verandah, a french door on upper storey, panelled front door with fanlight and a sash window with slab sill on ground floor. Storeys: Two; Construction: Painted brickwork, corrugated galvanised iron roof. Timber framed cantilevered balcony with cast iron columns and decorative iron lace. Style: Victorian Filigree. The external condition of the property is good. Modifications and dates External: Mostly intact. Last inspected: 19 February 1995. Heritage listing As at 23 November 2000, this 1860s terrace forms part of a cohesive streetscape element. It is part of the Millers Point Conservation Area, an intact residential and maritime precinct. It contains residential buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830s and is an important example of 19th century adaptation of the landscape. 32–40 Kent Street, Millers Point was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. See also Australian residential architectural styles References Bibliography Attribution External links New South Wales State Heritage Register sites located in Millers Point Kent Street, Millers Point, 32-40 Terraced houses in Sydney Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register 1860s establishments in Australia Millers Point Conservation Area
Hawthorne is a railroad station operated by New Jersey Transit in the borough of Hawthorne, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. It is the northernmost station in Passaic County along New Jersey Transit's Main Line. Trains coming through Hawthorne service Waldwick, Suffern and Port Jervis to the north and Hoboken Terminal to the south, where connections are available to New York City via Port Authority Trans-Hudson and ferries. The station, accessible only by Washington Place in Hawthorne, contains only two low-level platforms connected by a grade crossing. As a result, the station is not compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. History Railroad service to what was then Manchester Township began on October 19, 1848, with the opening of the Paterson and Ramapo Railroad, a railroad connecting the Paterson and Hudson River Railroad from Paterson. The railroad went through Bergen County and connected to the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad at Suffern. At that time the stop in Manchester Township was known as Van Blarcoms and located closer to the crossing of Wagaraw Road (County Route 504). The station was renamed Norwood, but the United States Postal Service requested a change because the name was the same as the already existing Norwood in Bergen County. In July 1948, proposals came to replace the station at Hawthorne, built in 1863, because of the elimination of the Wagaraw Road grade crossing. The new brick station would cost $30,000 (1948 USD). Groundbreaking for the new station and Wagaraw Road crossing occurred on September 14, 1949, and the Erie shifted to the new depot on January 19, 1950. The Erie Railroad received permission on June 9, 1966 to eliminate the agent at Hawthorne station. Station layout and services The station platforms are not adjacent to any through road in Hawthorne. The northbound platform is located near Vincent Avenue, but the platform is not accessible from that street. The station's parking lot is located off the corner of Washington Street and Washington Avenue The southbound platform main entrance is from the station parking lot. A secondary entrance is on a dead-end street, Washington Place. Ticket machines are at the main entrance to the southbound platform (at the parking lot). A grade crossing connects the two platforms adjacent to the parking lot, i.e., a pedestrian can walk through the lot, enter the southbound platform, and immediately cross both the platform and the rails to reach the northbound platform. There are railway crossing signals at this pedestrian crossing, similar to those at street crossings, to allow for safe passage. Hawthorne station is to be one of two terminus points on the proposed (but dormant) Passaic-Bergen Rail Line plan, a light-rail system that will run from Hawthorne through Paterson, Elmwood Park, and Hackensack. The station has two tracks, each with a low-level side platform. See also Passaic–Bergen–Hudson Transit Project References External links NJ Transit Rail Operations stations Railway stations in Passaic County, New Jersey Former Erie Railroad stations Railway stations in the United States opened in 1848 1848 establishments in New Jersey Hawthorne, New Jersey
Éric Gauthier is a Canadian writer from Quebec. Biography Éric Gauthier was born in 1975 in Rouyn-Noranda, in the Abitibi region of Quebec. After a childhood spent in Abitibi, and computer science studies in Ottawa, Éric Gauthier moved to Montreal. Though he had his first taste of the scene at a reading in Abitibi, he began his first forays into the art of storytelling at the Dimanches du Conte (Sundays of Storytelling) at the bar Le Sergent Recruteur in Montreal. He has participated in storytelling events for adults and teens, alone or with his Production Cormorant colleagues, in Quebec, the rest of Canada, and in France. Most of his stories are fantasy stories in which he visits many cultures around the world, which distinguishes him from many other Québécois storytellers who prefer a more traditional repertory. Gauthier is also a novella author specialising in science fiction and fantasy. He has won several literary prizes for Quebec science fiction, including the Grand Prix de la science-fiction et du fantastique québécois in 2003 for his first release of stories on CD and his collection of short stories Terre des pigeons. He is the youngest person ever to receive this prize. Storytelling 1999 : Frequent participation in Dimanches du Conte since 1999. 2000 : La Légende de la farine orpheline, multidisciplinary open-air production in Montreal Christmas storytelling show for convicts at the Rivière-des-Prairies jail 2001 : Participation at three festivals : Le Rendez-vous des grandes gueules of Trois-Pistoles, Les jours sont contés of l'Estrie and the Festival interculturel du conte of Montréal Solo production Le Monde à votre porte 10 days of storytelling at the Maison du Québec in Saint-Malo (France) 2002 : Participation at the first Festival Voix d'Amérique, at the Yukon International Storytelling festival (in English and French), at the festival Les jours sont contés in Estrie and at the Festival des Hauts Parleurs in Québec. 2003 : Participation at the first De bouche à oreille festival in Montréal and at the Nuit internationale du conte in Acadie (in English and French) Shows at the National Arts Centre in (Ottawa) and at the Place des Arts in Montréal. 2004 : Organisation and participation in storytelling events in Montréal, co-foundation of the Productions Cormoran. Participation at the festival De bouche à oreille, at the literary cabaret Planète rebelle, and in English at the Ottawa Storytelling Festival. New solo show : Le petit théâtre des temps modernes 2005 : Toured with the Pelleteux d'légendes in Brittany (France) Literary prizes 1999 : prix Solaris (for La Maison de l'anxitecte) 2000 : prix Boréal (prize for the best novella for Souvenir du Saudade Express) 2000 : prix Aurora (prize for the best French novella for Souvenir du Saudade Express) 2002 : prix Solaris (for Feu sacré) 2003 : Grand Prix de la science-fiction et du fantastique québécois (for the collection Terre des pigeons, the novellas Feu sacré and Un visage à la fenêtre) 2006 : prix Boréal (prize for best novella for Au jardin comme à la guerre) External links (in French) 1975 births Canadian science fiction writers Canadian short story writers in French Living people People from Rouyn-Noranda Canadian novelists in French Canadian male short story writers Canadian male novelists 20th-century Canadian novelists 20th-century Canadian short story writers 20th-century Canadian male writers 21st-century Canadian novelists 21st-century Canadian short story writers 21st-century Canadian male writers French Quebecers
German Caribbeans are people who live in the Caribbean, but come from Germany, or are descended from Germans. German Caribbeans include: German Haitians Germans in Jamaica German immigration to Puerto Rico See also German interest in the Caribbean for German government policies Ernst Thälmann Island for a presumable German possession in the Caribbean Ethnic groups in the Caribbean
The 2nd Kazakhstan President Cup was played from April 26 to April 30, 2009 in Almaty. 8 youth teams participated in the tournament (players were born no earlier than 1993.) Participants Venues The match of opening and the final took place at the Central Stadium. Other matches took place at Football Land. Format The tournament is held in two stages. At the first stage, eight teams are divided into two qualification groups (A and B). Competitions of the first stage were held on circular system. The winners of the groups advance to the final, while the group runners-up meet to determine third place. Group stage All times UTC+6 Group A Group B Match for the 7th place Match for the 5th place Bronze medal match Final Statistics Awards The best player of a tournament Andre Fernandez (Ole Brasil) Goalscorer of a tournament Aleksandr Kozlov (Spartak;14 goals) The best goalkeeper of a tournament Sergei Panchin (Rubin) The best defender of a tournament Jordi Pronk (ADO Den Haag) The best midfielder of a tournament Serder Serderov (CSKA) The best forward of a tournament Aleksandr Kozlov (Spartak) Prize money According to FFK, the prize fund of a tournament will make 20,000 $. "The teams which took 1, 2 and 3 place will be received, respectively 10,000, 6,000 and 4,000 $. 2009 2009 in Kazakhstani football 2008–09 in European football 2009 in Asian football 2009 in youth association football
Crashing Las Vegas is a 1956 American comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring the comedy team The Bowery Boys. The film was released on April 22, 1956 by Allied Artists and is the 41st film in the series. It was the last of the series to star Leo Gorcey. Plot The Bowery Boys' landlady Mrs. Kelly is in need of some money. Through some accident with electricity, Sach gains the ability to predict numbers. The boys get tickets for "Live Like a King", a game show. Thanks to Sach's new power, the boys earn a trip to one of the finest hotels in Las Vegas, Nevada. Sach uses his power to gamble ultimately win money for Mrs. Kelly. However, it's not too long before some curious gangsters want to get in on Sach's 'secret'. Cast The Bowery Boys Leo Gorcey as Terence Aloysius 'Slip' Mahoney Huntz Hall as Horace Debussy 'Sach' Jones David Gorcey as Charles 'Chuck' Anderson (Credited as David Condon) Jimmy Murphy as Myron Remaining cast Doris Kemper as Mrs. Kate Kelly Mary Castle as Carol LaRue Don Haggerty as Tony Murlock Terry Frost as Police Sergeant Kelly Mort Mills as Oggy Jack Rice as Wiley Nicky Blair as Sam Production Leo Gorcey's last Bowery Boys movie. Leo had a tough time trying to deal with the death of his father, and as a result began to drink heavily. Gorcey appears to be partially inebriated in the finished film. After finishing production, Gorcey demanded an increase in his salary, but Allied Artists Pictures refused to do so. Leo quit the series as a result. First appearance of 'Myron', played by Jimmy Murphy. According to studio publicity, Murphy was working as a parking valet when he was discovered by Leo Gorcey. Gorcey felt that Murphy had a good face for the movies, and had him hired to be a Bowery Boy. First appearance of the boys' Irish landlady Mrs. Kate Kelly. In this film, she was played by Doris Kemper. For the next three films in the series, Queenie Smith would play the role. Mrs. Kelly is more or less a replacement for Louie Dumbroski, and her home replaces Louie's Sweet Shop as the Bowery Boys' 'home base'. Home media Warner Archives released the film on made-to-order DVD in the United States as part of "The Bowery Boys, Volume Three" on October 1, 2013. See also List of American films of 1956 List of films set in Las Vegas References External links 1956 films 1956 comedy films American black-and-white films American comedy films Bowery Boys films 1950s English-language films Films set in the Las Vegas Valley Allied Artists films Films directed by Jean Yarbrough 1950s American films
```xml import 'reflect-metadata'; import { SendVerificationEmailErrors } from '@accounts/password'; import { AccountsJsError } from '@accounts/server'; import request from 'supertest'; import accountsExpress from '../../../src/express-middleware'; import express from 'express'; function getApp(accountsServer: any, path?: string) { const router = accountsExpress(accountsServer as any, { path: path ?? '' }); const expressApp = express(); expressApp.use(express.json()); expressApp.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); expressApp.use(router); return expressApp; } describe('verifyEmail', () => { beforeEach(() => { jest.clearAllMocks(); }); describe('verifyEmail', () => { it('calls password.verifyEmail and returns a message', async () => { const passwordService = { verifyEmail: jest.fn(() => null), }; const accountsServer = { getServices: () => ({ password: passwordService, }), }; const body = { token: 'token', }; const response = await request(getApp(accountsServer)) .post('/password/verifyEmail') .send(body); expect(response.status).toEqual(200); expect(response.body).toEqual(null); expect(accountsServer.getServices().password.verifyEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith('token'); }); it('Sends error if it was thrown on verifyEmail', async () => { const error = { message: 'Could not verify email' }; const passwordService = { verifyEmail: jest.fn(() => { throw error; }), }; const accountsServer = { getServices: () => ({ password: passwordService, }), }; const body = { token: 'token', }; const response = await request(getApp(accountsServer)) .post('/password/verifyEmail') .send(body); expect(response.status).toEqual(400); expect(response.body).toEqual(error); expect(accountsServer.getServices().password.verifyEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith('token'); }); }); describe('sendVerificationEmail', () => { it('calls password.sendVerificationEmail and returns a message', async () => { const passwordService = { sendVerificationEmail: jest.fn(() => null), }; const accountsServer = { getServices: () => ({ password: passwordService, }), }; const body = { email: 'valid@email.com', }; const response = await request(getApp(accountsServer)) .post('/password/sendVerificationEmail') .send(body); expect(response.status).toEqual(200); expect(response.body).toEqual(null); expect(accountsServer.getServices().password.sendVerificationEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith( 'valid@email.com' ); }); it('Sends error if it was thrown on sendVerificationEmail', async () => { const error = { message: 'Could not send verification email' }; const passwordService = { sendVerificationEmail: jest.fn(() => { throw error; }), }; const accountsServer = { options: {}, getServices: () => ({ password: passwordService, }), }; const body = { email: 'valid@email.com', }; const response = await request(getApp(accountsServer)) .post('/password/sendVerificationEmail') .send(body); expect(response.status).toEqual(400); expect(response.body).toEqual(error); expect(accountsServer.getServices().password.sendVerificationEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith( 'valid@email.com' ); }); it('hide UserNotFound error when ambiguousErrorMessages is true', async () => { const error = new AccountsJsError('User not found', SendVerificationEmailErrors.UserNotFound); const passwordService = { sendVerificationEmail: jest.fn(() => { throw error; }), }; const accountsServer = { options: { ambiguousErrorMessages: true, }, getServices: () => ({ password: passwordService, }), }; const body = { email: 'valid@email.com', }; const response = await request(getApp(accountsServer)) .post('/password/sendVerificationEmail') .send(body); expect(response.status).toEqual(200); expect(response.body).toEqual(null); expect(accountsServer.getServices().password.sendVerificationEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith( 'valid@email.com' ); }); }); }); ```
Certainty (also known as epistemic certainty or objective certainty) is the epistemic property of beliefs which a person has no rational grounds for doubting. One standard way of defining epistemic certainty is that a belief is certain if and only if the person holding that belief could not be mistaken in holding that belief. Other common definitions of certainty involve the indubitable nature of such beliefs or define certainty as a property of those beliefs with the greatest possible justification. Certainty is closely related to knowledge, although contemporary philosophers tend to treat knowledge as having lower requirements than certainty. Importantly, epistemic certainty is not the same thing as psychological certainty (also known as subjective certainty or certitude), which describes the highest degree to which a person could be convinced that something is true. While a person may be completely convinced that a particular belief is true, and might even be psychologically incapable of entertaining its falsity, this does not entail that the belief is itself beyond rational doubt or incapable of being false. While the word "certainty" is sometimes used to refer to a person's subjective certainty about the truth of a belief, philosophers are primarily interested in the question of whether any beliefs ever attain objective certainty. The philosophical question of whether one can ever be truly certain about anything has been widely debated for centuries. Many proponents of philosophical skepticism deny that certainty is possible, or claim that it is only possible in a priori domains such as logic or mathematics. Historically, many philosophers have held that knowledge requires epistemic certainty, and therefore that one must have infallible justification in order to count as knowing the truth of a proposition. However, many philosophers such as René Descartes were troubled by the resulting skeptical implications, since all of our experiences at least seem to be compatible with various skeptical scenarios. It is generally accepted today that most of our beliefs are compatible with their falsity and are therefore fallible, although the status of being certain is still often ascribed to a limited range of beliefs (such as "I exist"). The apparent fallibility of our beliefs has led many contemporary philosophers to deny that knowledge requires certainty. Ludwig Wittgenstein – 20th century On Certainty is a series of notes made by Ludwig Wittgenstein just prior to his death. The main theme of the work is that context plays a role in epistemology. Wittgenstein asserts an anti-foundationalist message throughout the work: that every claim can be doubted but certainty is possible in a framework. "The function [propositions] serve in language is to serve as a kind of framework within which empirical propositions can make sense". Degrees of certainty Physicist Lawrence M. Krauss suggests that the need for identifying degrees of certainty is under-appreciated in various domains, including policy-making and the understanding of science. This is because different goals require different degrees of certaintyand politicians are not always aware of (or do not make it clear) how much certainty we are working with. Rudolf Carnap viewed certainty as a matter of degree ("degrees of certainty") which could be objectively measured, with degree one being certainty. Bayesian analysis derives degrees of certainty which are interpreted as a measure of subjective psychological belief. Alternatively, one might use the legal degrees of certainty. These standards of evidence ascend as follows: no credible evidence, some credible evidence, a preponderance of evidence, clear and convincing evidence, beyond reasonable doubt, and beyond any shadow of a doubt (i.e. undoubtablerecognized as an impossible standard to meetwhich serves only to terminate the list). If knowledge requires absolute certainty, then knowledge is most likely impossible, as evidenced by the apparent fallibility of our beliefs. Foundational crisis of mathematics The foundational crisis of mathematics was the early 20th century's term for the search for proper foundations of mathematics. After several schools of the philosophy of mathematics ran into difficulties one after the other in the 20th century, the assumption that mathematics had any foundation that could be stated within mathematics itself began to be heavily challenged. One attempt after another to provide unassailable foundations for mathematics was found to suffer from various paradoxes (such as Russell's paradox) and to be inconsistent. Various schools of thought were opposing each other. The leading school was that of the formalist approach, of which David Hilbert was the foremost proponent, culminating in what is known as Hilbert's program, which sought to ground mathematics on a small basis of a formal system proved sound by metamathematical finitistic means. The main opponent was the intuitionist school, led by L.E.J. Brouwer, which resolutely discarded formalism as a meaningless game with symbols. The fight was acrimonious. In 1920 Hilbert succeeded in having Brouwer, whom he considered a threat to mathematics, removed from the editorial board of Mathematische Annalen, the leading mathematical journal of the time. Gödel's incompleteness theorems, proved in 1931, showed that essential aspects of Hilbert's program could not be attained. In Gödel's first result he showed how to construct, for any sufficiently powerful and consistent finitely axiomatizable systemsuch as necessary to axiomatize the elementary theory of arithmetica statement that can be shown to be true, but that does not follow from the rules of the system. It thus became clear that the notion of mathematical truth cannot be reduced to a purely formal system as envisaged in Hilbert's program. In a next result Gödel showed that such a system was not powerful enough for proving its own consistency, let alone that a simpler system could do the job. This proves that there is no hope to prove the consistency of any system that contains an axiomatization of elementary arithmetic, and, in particular, to prove the consistency of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC), the system which is generally used for building all mathematics. However, if ZFC is not consistent, there exists a proof of both a theorem and its negation, and this would imply a proof of all theorems and all their negations. As, despite the large number of mathematical areas that have been deeply studied, no such contradiction has ever been found, this provides an almost certainty of mathematical results. Moreover, if such a contradiction would eventually be found, most mathematicians are convinced that it will be possible to resolve it by a slight modification of the axioms of ZFC. Moreover, the method of forcing allows proving the consistency of a theory, provided that another theory is consistent. For example, if ZFC is consistent, adding to it the continuum hypothesis or a negation of it defines two theories that are both consistent (in other words, the continuum is independent from the axioms of ZFC). This existence of proofs of relative consistency implies that the consistency of modern mathematics depends weakly on a particular choice on the axioms on which mathematics are built. In this sense, the crisis has been resolved, as, although consistency of ZFC is not provable, it solves (or avoids) all logical paradoxes at the origin of the crisis, and there are many facts that provide a quasi-certainty of the consistency of modern mathematics. See also Almost surely Fideism Gut feeling Infallibility Justified true belief Neuroethological innate behavior, instinct Pascal's Wager Pragmatism Scientific consensus Skeptical hypothesis As contrary concepts Fallibilism Indeterminism Multiverse References External links certainty, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Bartleby.com The certainty of belief Cognition Concepts in epistemology Concepts in the philosophy of mind
Greenwich Township may refer to one of the following places in the United States: Greenwich Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey Greenwich Township, Warren County, New Jersey Greenwich Township, Huron County, Ohio Greenwich Township, Pennsylvania Township name disambiguation pages
Lewis Harry Holtby (born 18 September 1990) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Holstein Kiel. Holtby began his professional career with Alemannia Aachen before signing for Schalke 04 two years later. He was subsequently loaned to VfL Bochum and Mainz 05 before returning to Gelsenkirchen where he lifted the DFL-Supercup in 2011. He then spent two seasons in England with Premier League sides Tottenham and Fulham between 2013 and 2014 before returning to Germany to sign for Hamburger SV. There, he spent five seasons, including the 2017–18 Bundesliga campaign in which the club was relegated for the first time in history, and made over 100 appearances before spending two seasons with EFL Championship side Blackburn Rovers between 2019 and 2021. Holtby also represented Germany at various youth levels from 2008 to 2013 and captained the nation at the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. He made his senior debut against Sweden in 2010 and has since won 3 caps for the national side. Club career Early career Lewis Harry Holtby was born on 18 September 1990 in Erkelenz, West Germany. He began playing football at the age of four with amateur side Sparta Gerderath, a club with whom his father had also previously played, before signing for Borussia Mönchengladbach when he was 11-years old. He spent three seasons in Gladbach's academy before the club let him go in 2004, deeming him to be too small and slow to make it as a professional footballer. Following his release, Holtby elected to sign for Alemannia Aachen in the second tier of German football at the age of 14. Aachen After three years in Aachen's academy, Holtby signed a professional contract with the club during the 2007–08 season. He was then handed his first-team debut at the age of 17 by caretaker manager Jörg Schmadtke in December 2007, coming on as a second half substitute for Mirko Casper in a 2–2 draw with FC St. Pauli. His debut was one of only two appearances for the season, with his second coming in a 3–1 loss to TuS Koblenz on the last match day of the campaign. The following season, Holtby was converted to the left wing position by new club manager Jürgen Seeberger. Excelling in his new role, he scored his first goal for the club on 8 December 2008 against 1860 Munich before netting a brace in a 6–2 drubbing of Nürnberg in February the following year. He ultimately made 31 appearances for the season and scored eight goals as Aachen ended the campaign in fourth place, narrowly missing out on a spot in the promotion playoffs. Holtby's form for the season saw him awarded the Gold Fritz Walter Medal for the best German U19 player in 2009, ahead of runners-up Konstantin Rausch and André Schürrle. Schalke 04 Having impressed in the second division with Aachen, Holtby was courted by a number of Bundesliga sides ahead of the 2009–10 season. Schalke emerged as the successful suitors and in July 2008 signed him on a four-year deal for a reported fee of €2.5 million. He was handed his debut for the club on 1 August 2009 by manager Felix Magath, with whom he would later fall out with, in a 4–0 DFB Pokal win over Germania Windeck. He featured nine times in the league, during which he registered two assists, and twice in the cup before being loaned to fellow Bundesliga side Bochum in January for the remainder of the season. Loan spells with Bochum and Mainz Holtby joined Bochum at the end of January 2010, initially on an 18-month long loan deal. He made his debut for the club on 6 February in a 1–1 Bundesliga draw with Bayer Leverkusen in which he registered the assist for Zlatko Dedic's second-half equalizer. On 13 March, he scored his first goal for the club, and his first in the Bundesliga, in a 4–1 defeat at the hands of Dortmund. He made 14 appearances in total for Bochum and scored twice before his loan was cut short at the end of the season following the club's relegation. Upon his return to Schalke, Holtby was once again loaned out for the 2010–11 season, this time to Mainz. Under the management of Thomas Tuchel at Mainz, Holtby formed a strong partnership with attackers Ádám Szalai and André Schürrle which helped the club to seven successive wins at the start of the season. His impressive form for the club caught the eye of national team coach Joachim Löw who selected him for the senior Germany squad in November 2010. He ultimately made 32 appearances for the season across all competitions and scored 6 goals as Mainz ended the season in fifth place, 18 points ahead of Schalke, and qualified for a spot in the UEFA Europa League for the next season. Upon the expiration of his loan at Mainz, Holtby paid tribute to Tuchel, describing him as a brilliant coach who had made him a much better player. Return to Schalke Following his return to Schalke, Holtby was named in the starting line-up for the 2011 Supercup on 23 July and scored the first penalty in a penalty shoot-out victory over Dortmund. He scored his first goal for the club the following month, netting Schalke's third in a 5–1 league win over Köln. Having previously played as an attacking fielder and winger, Holtby was converted to a deeper role under new manager Ralf Rangnick due to Spanish legend Raúl occupying the more advanced attacking position in the team. In spite of his more defensive role, Holtby managed to record a career best tally of nine goals for the season across 41 appearances, helping Schalke finish the campaign in fifth position in the league and as semi-finalists in the Champions League. At the start of the following season, Holtby said that he would not be extending his contract with the club which was set to expire at the end of the campaign. During the January transfer window, Premier League side Tottenham announced that they had signed Holtby on a pre-contract, with the player to join the club in July 2013. On 18 January, during his first match following the announcement, he scored what proved to be the winning goal for Schalke in a 5–4 defeat of Hannover 96. He played only one more match for the club, however, as Tottenham reached an agreement with Schalke to fast-track Holtby's transfer to January following a serious injury to Sandro. Tottenham Hotspur On 28 January 2013, Holtby signed a four-and-a-half-year contract to complete a £1.5 million move to Tottenham Hotspur. He made his Spurs debut two days later, coming off the bench in the 71st minute to replace Clint Dempsey in a 1–1 draw with Norwich City away at Carrow Road. His home debut followed on 9 February in a 2–1 victory against Newcastle United. He made a total of 11 appearances as Tottenham ended the campaign in fifth place, ultimately missing out on a Champions League place by one point. Holtby scored his first Tottenham goal during the club's opening match of the following season on 29 August 2013, finding the back of the net from in a 3–0 Europa League play-off round win over Dinamo Tbilisi. He then scored his first Premier League goal for the club on 4 December, netting the winner in a 2–1 triumph over Fulham at Craven Cottage. The goal proved to be his first and final goal for Tottenham in the league as the following month, after struggling to break into the first team under manager Tim Sherwood, he signed for Fulham on loan for the remainder of the season. Loan to Fulham Fulham completed the loan signing of Holtby on 31 January 2014, concluding the deal prior to the transfer window closing. Upon joining Fulham, Holtby told the club's official website that he was motivated to help them survive relegation and play his way into Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his debut the following day and played the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 defeat at home to Southampton. Two weeks later, Holtby was reunited with former Schalke coach Felix Magath when the German was appointed as new club manager following the sacking of René Meulensteen. Prior to his appointment, Magath was the subject of negative comments made by Holtby to German news publication Bild in which he said that he "survived" Magath's methods during their shared time at Schalke. This followed from reports of a feud between the two stemming from Magath's decision to loan Holtby out on two occasions at Schalke. Holtby later said that he was surprised by Magath's appointment but denied that there was a rift between them. In May, Holtby scored his first goal for the Cottagers, temporarily drawing Fulham level against Cardiff City in a match that ultimately ended as a 3–1 loss. It was the only goal he scored in his 13 appearances with Fulham, and the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season with a match still to be played. Hamburger SV Following his loan spell at Fulham, Holtby returned to Tottenham and by the end of August 2014 had made three appearances, included in which were two in the Europa League. However, having struggled to make an impact at White Hart Lane with Spurs, and after the club signed Benjamin Stambouli from Montpellier, Holtby elected to return to Germany to join Hamburg on loan the following month. In terms of the loan agreement, Hamburg retained the option to purchase Holtby outright for a fee of £6.5 million. Despite breaking his collarbone during the Rückrunde, Holtby made 22 Bundesliga appearances in his debut season for Hamburg and started in both legs of the club's relegation playoff victory over Karlsruher SC. On 1 July 2015, it was confirmed that Hamburg had exercised their option to make Holtby's loan move permanent for a reported fee of £4.6 million. He scored his first goal for the club on 29 August 2015, netting the opener in a 2–1 loss to Köln, and scored twice more for the season, including one in a 3–1 win over Dortmund in November, as Hamburg improved to end the campaign in tenth position. During the pre-season for the 2016–17 campaign, Holtby was ruled out for eight–ten weeks after breaking his collarbone for a second time when he was involved in a cycling accident in Switzerland. In December, he received his first career red card when he was dismissed for violent conduct after striking Dominik Kohr in a 1–0 win over Augsburg. He subsequently received a two-match suspension for his indiscretions. Holtby made his 300th senior career appearance on 1 April 2017, and marked the occasion by netting an extra-time winner in a 2–1 man of the match performance against Köln. He then recorded two assists in the final two matches of the season to help Hamburg avoid the relegation play-offs once again, with the club beating Wolfsburg on the final day to steer themselves clear of the drop. At the start of the following season, Holtby made history when he scored the latest goal in the Bundesliga history, netting in the 100th minute of 4–1 win over Köln. He soon found himself on the periphery at Hamburg, however, with manager Markus Gisdol and then Bernd Hollerbach both electing to use him from the bench, or not at all. He returned to the starting line-up following the appointment of Christian Titz and scored five times in the final eight matches of the season against Stuttgart, Schalke, Freiburg, Wolfsburg and Gladbach, between which he also made his 100th league appearance for the club in a 3–0 defeat to Eintracht Frankfurt. His strong performances towards the back of campaign were, however, not enough to prevent Hamburg from suffering relegation from the Bundesliga for the first time in the club's history. He ended as Hamburg's top goalscorer for the season with six goals, despite only playing 16 matches and on 24 May, with his contract set to expire, signed a one-year extension on a significant pay-cut in order to remain with the club. Holtby then started in the club's first-ever 2. Bundesliga match on 3 August against Holstein Kiel. He was named captain for the match in the absence of the injured Aaron Hunt but was unable to prevent his side suffering a 3–0 defeat. Later that month, he scored his first-ever cup goal for the club when he opened the scoring in a 5–3 DFB Pokal first-round win over TuS Erndtebrück. Towards the end of the season, and following revelations that Holtby's contract with Hamburg would not be renewed, a group of supporters started an online petition, which gained thousands of signatures, in an attempt to convince the club to extend his stay. His contract was ultimately not renewed and he left Hamburg at the end of the season after the club failed to secure promotion. Blackburn Rovers Following his release from Hamburg, Holtby continued to train with Rot-Weiss Essen and, on 19 September 2019, he returned to England to sign for Championship side Blackburn Rovers. He made his debut for the club two days later, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2–1 win over Reading. Exactly one month later he scored his first goal for the club and assisted the other in Blackburn's 2–2 draw with Huddersfield Town. Following the turn of the year he scored twice more as the club recorded its biggest league win since 2001 in a 5–0 victory over Sheffield Wednesday. In February, however, he suffered a lateral ligament injury in his knee in Blackburn's 1–1 draw against Middlesbrough. Holtby's departure from Rovers was announced at the end of the 2020–21 season. Holstein Kiel On 17 August, Holtby joined Holstein Kiel. International career The son of Chris Holtby, a former British soldier who was stationed at RAF Rheindahlen in Mönchengladbach, Holtby was eligible to represent England through paternal lineage as well as his native Germany. Youth Having previously represented Germany at U18 level, Holtby made his debut for the U19s in September 2008 and earned 12 caps overall. He scored the first of his four international goals for the German U19 team on 11 October 2008, netting in a 5–0 victory over Lithuania. The following year, Germany youth coach Horst Hrubesch named Holtby in his squad for the U20 World Cup in Egypt. Holtby scored two goals at the tournament, one of which was against eventual runners-up Brazil in the quarter-finals. In 2013, he captained Germany at the European Under-21 Championship in Israel and was named as the nation's only representative in the Team of the Tournament. Senior While on loan with Bundesliga side Mainz, Holtby caught the attention of national team manager Joachim Löw who named him in the senior squad for the first time for a friendly against Sweden on 17 November 2010. He was named in the starting line-up and played 77 minutes before being replaced by Mainz teammate Schürrle in a 0–0 draw, later receiving the man of the match award for his performance. He made his second appearance the following year, coming on as a late substitute for Thomas Müller in a 3–1 UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying win over Azerbaijan. By appearing in a competitive match for Germany, Holtby precluded himself from representing England in the future in terms of the FIFA eligibility rules. Personal life Despite having played for their Premier League rivals Tottenham and Fulham, Holtby is a lifelong Everton fan, an affiliation he developed as a result of his father's support of the club. When Liverpool showed interest in him in 2012, he went on record stating that he wouldn't say no to Liverpool as his dream was to play in the Premier League. He said, "I wouldn't even rule out Liverpool, even if it would be tough for my dad – he's an Everton fan." Holtby's younger brother, Joshua, is also a footballer, who played for MVV Maastricht in the Eerste Divisie and now plays for Preußen Münster in Germany's Regionalliga West. Like Lewis, he previously trained in the academy of Gladbach. In 2019, he collaborated with Hamburg-based musicians Elvis & Pape on the release of their album titled, Hurrikan. Career statistics Club International Honours Schalke DFL-Supercup: 2011 Individual Gold U19 Fritz Walter Medal: 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2013 Records Latest Bundesliga goal: 100th minute, against 1. FC Köln on 25 August 2017 References External links Living people 1990 births German people of English descent Germany men's youth international footballers Germany men's under-21 international footballers Germany men's international footballers German men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Alemannia Aachen players FC Schalke 04 players VfL Bochum players 1. FSV Mainz 05 players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Fulham F.C. players Hamburger SV players Blackburn Rovers F.C. players Holstein Kiel players Bundesliga players 2. Bundesliga players Premier League players English Football League players German expatriate men's footballers German expatriate sportspeople in England Expatriate men's footballers in England People from Erkelenz Footballers from Cologne (region)
The Fifth Dimension of Warfare complements the four classical dimensions: land, sea, air, and space. It was enunciated in 1995 as information operations. Core U.S. military doctrine This is part of core U.S. Military doctrine, that recognizes at least five dimensions, or 'domains of warfare' for which it is responsible: Land Sea Air Space Information The origin of the concept of Fifth Dimension Operations was a criticism that the 'domain approach' reflected "a failure to think beyond the normal "four" dimensions of threats, both domestic and international". Expansion of the concept In more recent times, the concept of Fifth Dimensional Operations, as a concept under military operations, has taken a wider scope than its original information operations background, focusing on "the advanced space-time manipulating capabilities cyberspace offers". This development was begun as early as 1996, in regards to Advanced Battlespace and Cybermaneuver Concepts. Historical analysis The historical analysis used to justify the concept of Fifth Dimensional Operations being developed was the notion that: Land warfare was defined first by human energy (infantry) and then by animal energy (cavalry) in a three-dimensional medieval era, and then by mechanical energy in the four-dimensional modern era. The "battlespace is historically defined by three spatial dimensions {x, y, and z} and one temporal dimension {t}". The missing element is the fifth dimension – cyberspace, which is defined as both the "impact of the Internet and a stealth-masked terrorist on the advanced battlefield". 1995–1996 critique of information operations as a fifth domain approach Core arguments used in the development of the Concept of Fifth Dimension Operations have been: The view that each of the five dimensions/domains – Land, Sea, Air, Space and Information – should not be viewed as compartmentalized elements. The Battlespace needs to be seen as an integrated whole, and operations carried out on multiple fronts, as a continuum of interrelated activities. "there is now a technological solution – an approach that makes possible the feat of entering the opponent's decision making loop via the imaginative use of information technology. In the sense, its key contribution is that it conceptually presupposes that as we move into the Information Age new possibilities are realized as the ability to enter into the mind of the opponent becomes reality, not merely guessing at their motives and actions, but molding and directing them as well." Merging with the multidimensional battlespace The concept of a Five-Dimensional Operational space is based on the notion that there is a structural dimension to modern-day tactics and operational art, and that this has developed from the challenge posed by: Information age command and control (C2) technology, as well as command and influence (CI). Decentralized swarming, and irregular opponents. A linguistic shift from "battleground" to "battlespace" recognizes the current reality of forces operating in a multidimensional battleground against complex opponents. Relationship to Three-Dimensional (3D) Tactics Analysis The Concept of Fifth Dimension Operations is conceptually based on adding the "five-dimensional, holistic approach to warfare that uses the three dimensions of land, sea, and aerospace but also incorporates the temporal and cyber dimensions of warfare". Cyberwarfare/cyber-attack A core technical component of Fifth Dimension Operations is cyberwarfare, and cyber-attacks. Information warfare Information warfare historically as a concept, has tended to be more developed under U.S. military doctrine, and tends to favour technology, and tends to extend into the realms of Electronic Warfare, Cyber Warfare, Information Assurance and Computer Network Operations/Attack/Defense. Concurrently, a broader term of Information Operations has developed combining the making use of technology, as well as focusing on the more human-related aspects of information use, including social network analysis, decision analysis and the human aspects of command and control. This broader view has become the basis for Fifth Dimension Operations. References Military operations Counterterrorism Terrorism tactics Cyberwarfare
"It Ends Tonight" is a song by American rock band the All-American Rejects from their second studio album Move Along. It was released on September 17, 2006, as the third and final single from the album. Background and composition "It Ends Tonight" was written by Nick Wheeler and Tyson Ritter. Along with the title track, it was one of the last songs written for Move Along and as revealed by the band in an interview on Soundstage is about a "dude" rather than addressed to a female love interest. The song utilizes a string section, with an arrangement by composer Deborah Lurie. Reception Critical reception The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics. About.com commented: It Ends Tonight' will provide a suitably dreamy sounding late evening mood for the band's eager fans, but it fails to reach the distinctiveness of their previous hits 'Dirty Little Secret' and 'Move Along'. The lyrics kick off in intriguing fashion with 'Your subtleties / They strangle me,' but that is as good as it gets. Ultimately, it's a grandly ambiguous tune about the end of a generic relationship." Contactmusic.com responded positively to the track, saying that they loved hearing the band "take a break from the perfect guitar power-pop of recent singles and show their softer side with a piano-led ballad. The track shows off singer Tyson Ritter's powerful vocals and has provided their legion of fans with a perfect lighters-up pause in the set." Chart performance "It Ends Tonight" peaked at No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it The All-American Rejects' highest charting song in the U.S and Australia, until the release of their single "Gives You Hell" in 2008 which reached position No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 2009. Music video The music video for "It Ends Tonight" was directed by Wayne Isham and shot in July 2006 in Moapa Indian Reservation in the Nevada desert, before premiering on Total Request Live a month later on August 28. The video portrays the band throwing an impromptu concert/fireworks show near a truck stop in the middle of nowhere. Prior to the performance, a road-weary Tyson Ritter is seen shopping at a nearby fireworks store, stocking up on a huge supply before hauling them out to the desert in his shopping cart and releasing them. The fireworks also serve as a backdrop for the concert, and the audience joins in setting them off, including an attractive brunette Ritter had met at the fireworks shop earlier that night. Morning breaks as the band sings the lyric "When darkness turns to light," and the band members are seen walking off into the distance. Appearances in popular culture "It Ends Tonight" is featured in the television shows Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County and All My Children as well as various commercials for TV shows such as One Tree Hill and Battlestar Galactica. The song has also made an appearance in the video game Karaoke Revolution Presents: American Idol Encore. The song is also used as the background music for the Surface Studio commercial, with Julie Delpy and Scarlett Johansson. The band performed the song on an episode of Smallville. "It Ends Tonight" has also been covered by bands such as Overboard and Joy Electric. Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Release history References 2005 songs 2006 singles The All-American Rejects songs Song recordings produced by Howard Benson Music videos directed by Wayne Isham Rock ballads Interscope Records singles Songs written by Tyson Ritter Songs written by Nick Wheeler
```c /* * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. * / #include "amdgpu.h" #include "athub_v2_0.h" #include "athub/athub_2_0_0_offset.h" #include "athub/athub_2_0_0_sh_mask.h" #include "athub/athub_2_0_0_default.h" #include "soc15_common.h" static void athub_v2_0_update_medium_grain_clock_gating(struct amdgpu_device adev, bool enable) { uint32_t def, data; if (!(adev->cg_flags & AMD_CG_SUPPORT_MC_MGCG)) return; def = data = RREG32_SOC15(ATHUB, 0, mmATHUB_MISC_CNTL); if (enable) data \|= ATHUB_MISC_CNTL__CG_ENABLE_MASK; else data &= ~ATHUB_MISC_CNTL__CG_ENABLE_MASK; if (def != data) WREG32_SOC15(ATHUB, 0, mmATHUB_MISC_CNTL, data); } static void athub_v2_0_update_medium_grain_light_sleep(struct amdgpu_device adev, bool enable) { uint32_t def, data; if (!((adev->cg_flags & AMD_CG_SUPPORT_MC_LS) && (adev->cg_flags & AMD_CG_SUPPORT_HDP_LS))) return; def = data = RREG32_SOC15(ATHUB, 0, mmATHUB_MISC_CNTL); if (enable) data \|= ATHUB_MISC_CNTL__CG_MEM_LS_ENABLE_MASK; else data &= ~ATHUB_MISC_CNTL__CG_MEM_LS_ENABLE_MASK; if (def != data) WREG32_SOC15(ATHUB, 0, mmATHUB_MISC_CNTL, data); } int athub_v2_0_set_clockgating(struct amdgpu_device adev, enum amd_clockgating_state state) { if (amdgpu_sriov_vf(adev)) return 0; switch (adev->ip_versions[ATHUB_HWIP][0]) { case IP_VERSION(1, 3, 1): case IP_VERSION(2, 0, 0): case IP_VERSION(2, 0, 2): athub_v2_0_update_medium_grain_clock_gating(adev, state == AMD_CG_STATE_GATE); athub_v2_0_update_medium_grain_light_sleep(adev, state == AMD_CG_STATE_GATE); break; default: break; } return 0; } void athub_v2_0_get_clockgating(struct amdgpu_device adev, u64 flags) { int data; /* AMD_CG_SUPPORT_ATHUB_MGCG / data = RREG32_SOC15(ATHUB, 0, mmATHUB_MISC_CNTL); if (data & ATHUB_MISC_CNTL__CG_ENABLE_MASK) flags \|= AMD_CG_SUPPORT_ATHUB_MGCG; /* AMD_CG_SUPPORT_ATHUB_LS / if (data & ATHUB_MISC_CNTL__CG_MEM_LS_ENABLE_MASK) flags \|= AMD_CG_SUPPORT_ATHUB_LS; } ```
The women's 800 metres event at the 2007 Pan American Games was held on July 23–24. Medalists Results Heats Qualification: First 3 of each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final. Final References Official results 800 2007 2007 in women's athletics
Tia Sáng ('The Spark'/'Light ray') is a Vietnamese science and technology magazine created in 1991 under the Ministry of Science and Technology. It is considered a platform for intellectuals to raise their voice about policymaking decisions in Vietnam. History Tia Sáng was founded in April 1991. Among Tia Sáng’s first contributors are Hoàng Tụy, the founder of Vietnamese mathematics; Phan Dinh Dieu who helped to build the ICT field in Vietnam; Viet Phuong, a poet, former secretary of Lê Duẩn; Lê Đạt, one of the pioneers in Nhan Van – Giai Pham movement, writer Nguyen Ngoc. Many articles published in Tia Sáng were featured and discussed on BBC (Vietnamese version) such as Hoang Tuy’s article about the intellectuals’ attitude toward the social issues in Vietnam or the opinion piece of Tuong Lai, former director of Institute of Sociology about what communist party’s mission should be. Tia Sáng’s website was forced offline in 2009 by the government for several months because of its ‘sensitive’ articles. Some contributors of Tia Sáng were or are prisoners of conscience such as Phạm Đoan Trang, Lê Công Định. Since the late 2000s, Tia Sáng has been less critical towards the government and took the solution journalism approach. It still maintains its position as a bridge between the science community and the mass. Its notable and frequent contributor nowadays is Pierre Darriulat, former research director of CERN. It merged with the Development Science Newspaper (báo Khoa học Phát triển) in 2017. Tia Sáng's advocacy of integrity and transparency in science resulted in the establishment of The National Foundation for Science and Technology of Vietnam (NAFOSTED). NAFOSTED is a science funding mechanism in Vietnam that gives scientists more freedom in doing research but demands higher quality in their scientific output. Tia Sáng also co-founded the Ta Quang Buu Prize that tribute scientists in basic science. Tia Sáng also initiates annually STEM Day to promote science communication and public outreach of the science community in Vietnam. References External links Official website Newspapers published in Vietnam Science and technology magazines Magazines established in 1991
Pinchas Goldhar (14 June 1901 – 25 January 1947) was a Polish and then Australian writer and translator, who wrote mainly in the Yiddish language. Early life and career Pinchas Goldhar was born in Lodz, Poland, then part of Russia, on 14 June 1901, the oldest of four siblings of Jacob Goldhar (1878 - 1945), a dyer, and Rachel Goldhar (née Hirshkowitz). Pinchas had a Jewish high school and university education. By 1922 Goldhar was working for the daily Lodz Yiddish newspaper Lodzsher Togblat ("The Lodz Daily"). Around this time Yiddish literature was experiencing somewhat of a renaissance in Poland, and Goldhar quickly became a Yiddish writer of note. He translated many German and French novels into Yiddish. One of the stories he translated was The Weavers by the German writer Gerhart Hauptmann. After Goldhar translated this story it became a favorite of the Yiddish stage. In Australia In Poland anti-Semitism was increasing, and to escape it, Jacob Goldhar, now a widower, took his four children to Australia in 1926. By 1928 the family was settled in Melbourne, Victoria, and Jacob Goldhar started a small dyeing business, in which Pinchas initially joined. On 16 June 1931, Goldhar became inaugural editor for about three years of the first Yiddish newspaper in Australia. The name of the paper was Australier Leben ("Australian Life") and was produced at the time by printer and stationer David Altshul until 1933, when the newspaper was sold to Leslie Rubinstein. In 1937 Goldhar contributed to the first Yiddish book published in Australia, the Australian Jewish Almanac. In 1939 he contributed to the second published book Stories from Australia. These books attracted worldwide reviews and even caught the attention of Bashevis Singer, a favorable noted critique. Some of the stories that were written have been translated into modern day English. In 1934, Goldhar married Ida Shlezynger and they had three children. He died of a coronary thrombosis on 25 January 1947. Throughout his life Goldhar translated many stories including those of Henry Lawson, Susannah Pritchard, Frank Dalby Davison, Alan Marshall and Vance Palmer. He was very interested in the quality at which the Australian literature was written. His essay about Australian literature was later translated by Nita Bluthal and Stephen Murray-Smith and published in the Melbourne University Magazine in 1947. Also throughout his life he built a circle of friends, both Jewish and non-Jewish. Legacy William Rubinstein and Hilary L. Rubinstein dedicated their book The Jews in Australia (1986) to Goldhar. In 2016, an important collection of Goldhar's stories was published in English translation, The Collected Stories of Pinchas Goldhar: A Pioneer Yiddish Writer in Australia. Along with the republished version of Between Sky and Sea by Herz Bergner, it was the subject of "a major survey of Yiddish-Australian literature" written by Louis Klee for the Sydney Review of Books in 2018. Goldhar has also been the subject of a number of scholarly essays. Goldhar Place, a small laneway running off Lygon Street in Carlton, Victoria, is named in his honour. References External links University of Sydney, Archive of Australian Judaica: Pinchas Goldhar, Australian Yiddish writer 'A Forest Without Trees': Pinchas Goldhar's Collected Fiction Australian Dictionary of Biography Goldhar, Pinchas (1901–1947) Answers, Pinchas Goldhar Informit, The Australian-Yiddish writer, Pinchas Goldhar (1901-1947) Cartlon Community History Group Street Names http://www.cchg.asn.au/street.html#goldhar 20th-century translators Yiddish-language writers Polish emigrants to Australia Jewish Australian writers Australian people of Polish-Jewish descent 1901 births 1947 deaths
Virginia Blanco Tardío (18 April 1916 - 23 July 1990) was a Bolivian Roman Catholic from Cochabamba and served as a member of Catholic Action. She was a well-known catechist and educator in addition to opening a range of different places to cater to the needs of the poor. Blanco was also awarded the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice award in 1975 after Pope Paul VI acknowledged her work with the Catholic Action movement. Blanco's beatification cause has commenced and under Pope John Paul II on 23 October 2000 became known as a Servant of God. She was proclaimed to be venerable in 2015 after Pope Francis recognized her life of heroic virtue. Life Virginia Blanco Tardío was born on 18 April 1916 in Cochabamba as the second of four daughters of Luis Pio Blanco Unzueta (d. 1934) and Daria Tardío Quiroga; her parents married in 1906. Her siblings were: Maria Luisa Blanco Tardío, Alicia Blanco Tardío and Maria Teresa Sarabia. Blanco thought about becoming a nun but decided against it due to the demanding life it would entail as well as her health. This thought came about around the time of her father's death when she was eighteen. She earned her high school degree in the humanities at the College of the Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus which she remained tied to as a member of the Marian Congregation of Alumnae. Blanco was studious and was known for her extensive culture - she possessed vast knowledge in biblical and theological matter and went on to become a reputable teacher and catechist. She educated the children of farm workers. She earned the title of Professor of Religion at the age of 32; she taught religion in several public schools for a total of four decades while for a decade worked as an unpaid volunteer. In 1932 she joined Catholic Action. Blanco would serve as the President of the Women's Youth of the Catholic Action from 1941 until 1961 when she was made the Diocesan President of Association of Women of Catholic Action which she held until her death. Blanco founded an "Economic Kitchen" in 1954 for the poor and also established the "Prayer and Friendship Group" in 1962 - the group's counsel was the Jesuit priest Julián Sayos. She founded a center that was to provide medical services to those who could not afford healthcare. In addition she also aided children in their preparation for the sacraments and on more than one occasion baptized children that were in danger of death. Blanco met Pope Pius XII in 1950 in Rome who dubbed her the "Apostle of Catholic Action" and encouraged her work. She received the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice award in December 1965 after Pope Paul VI recognized her significant contribution to evangelism and her work with the Catholic Action movement. On 8 December 1977 she founded the "Comedores Sociales" - now a part of "Policlinico Rosario" - which opened to serve the needs of the poor; following her death her sister Maria Teresa Sarabia continued this work. She received the Eucharist from Pope John Paul II at a Mass during his apostolic visit to the nation on 11 May 1988. Blanco's sight began to fail towards the end of the 1980s and she died due to cardiac arrest in the night of 23 July 1990; she had made her final confession and received her final Communion on 22 July. Lineage Her paternal grandparents were Benjamín Blanco Unzueta and Justina Unzueta de Soto. Her paternal uncle was Juan Blanco Unzueta who was the sole sibling of Blanco's father. Her paternal great-grandparents - from Benjamín - was Pío Blanco Heredia - who had one brother - and Magdalena Unzueta i Canals; the two married in 1829 and their sole child was Blanco's grandfather. Her paternal great-great grandparents - from Pío - were Francisco Xavier Gutiérrez Blanco de Bustamante (1762-1832) and María Fernandez de Heredia i Terrazas (d. 1848); the two married in 1791. Her paternal great-great-great grandparents - from Francisco - were Manuel Valentín Gutiérrez de Celis (d. 1794) and Juana Blanco de Bustamante i Uribe (b. 1717); the two married in 1761 and had one child which was Blanco's great-great grandfather. Her great-great-great grandmother Juana's parents were Pedro de Uribe i Salazar and Manuela Blanco de Bustamante Pereira (b. 1696); the pair had one child after their marriage in 1707. Manuela's parents were Sebastián de Riglos Basabe and Juana Blanco de Bustamante de la Vega (1666-1747) and the two had one child being Juana; she married Sebastían in 1682 but re-married in 1695 after the latter's death to Manuel Pereira de Castro e Silva. Juana Blanco de Bustamante de la Vega's parents were Martín Blanco de Bustamante i Pérez (1640-1720) and María de la Vega i Noriega (b. 1647). Juana had seven siblings: five sisters and two brothers. Blanco's great-great-great grandfather Manuel's parents were Juan Blanco de Bustamante and María Pérez Velarde. Blanco is also related to the Bolivian President Carlos Blanco Galindo. Beatification process The beatification process commenced on 23 October 2000 under Pope John Paul II when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints declared "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause and granted the title of Servant of God upon her. The diocesan process commenced on 31 January 2001 - in which the Salesian Archbishop of Cochabamba Tito Solari Capellari inaugurated - and closed on 16 February 2005. Father Miguel Manzanera served as the Chief Judge and oversaw the examination of 45 witnesses who knew Blanco. The C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 19 January 2007. The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2013 for further investigation into the cause while theologians voiced their approval to the contents of the Positio in a meeting on 5 June 2014. The C.C.S. did likewise in 2014 before passing it to the pope for his final approval. Pope Francis proclaimed Blanco to be Venerable on 22 January 2015 after confirming that she had indeed lived a model life of heroic virtue. The process for an alleged miracle attributed to her - and required for her beatification - was investigated from 10 March 2016 until 3 June 2016. The current postulator that is assigned to the cause is the Jesuit Anton Witwer. The first and previous postulator was Salvador Sanchis. References External links Hagiography Circle Saints SQPN 1916 births 1990 deaths 20th-century venerated Christians 20th-century Bolivian people Bolivian Roman Catholics People from Cochabamba Venerated Catholics by Pope Francis
```c++ #include "distribution_config_util.h" #include "global_bucket_space_distribution_converter.h" #include <vespa/config-stor-distribution.h> #include <vespa/config/print/asciiconfigwriter.h> #include <vespa/config/print/asciiconfigreader.hpp> #include <vespa/vespalib/stllike/asciistream.h> #include <cassert> #include <map> namespace storage::lib { using DistributionConfig = vespa::config::content::StorDistributionConfig; using DistributionConfigBuilder = vespa::config::content::StorDistributionConfigBuilder; namespace { struct Group { uint16_t nested_leaf_count{0}; std::map<uint16_t, std::unique_ptr<Group>> sub_groups; }; void set_distribution_invariant_config_fields(DistributionConfigBuilder& builder) { builder.activePerLeafGroup = true; // TODO consider how to best support n-of-m replication for global docs builder.ensurePrimaryPersisted = true; builder.initialRedundancy = 0; } const Group& find_non_root_group_by_index(const std::string& index, const Group& root) { auto path = lib::DistributionConfigUtil::getGroupPath(index); auto* node = &root; for (auto idx : path) { auto child_iter = node->sub_groups.find(idx); assert(child_iter != node->sub_groups.end()); node = child_iter->second.get(); } return node; } std::string sub_groups_to_partition_spec(const Group& parent) { if (parent.sub_groups.empty()) { return ""; } vespalib::asciistream spec; // We simplify the generated partition spec by only emitting wildcard entries. // These will have replicas evenly divided amongst them. for (size_t i = 0; i < parent.sub_groups.size(); ++i) { if (i != 0) { spec << '\|'; } spec << ''; } return spec.str(); } bool is_leaf_group(const DistributionConfigBuilder::Group& g) noexcept { return !g.nodes.empty(); } void insert_new_group_into_tree( std::unique_ptr<Group> new_group, const DistributionConfigBuilder::Group& config_source_group, Group& root) { const auto path = lib::DistributionConfigUtil::getGroupPath(config_source_group.index); assert(!path.empty()); Group parent = &root; for (size_t i = 0; i < path.size(); ++i) { const auto idx = path[i]; parent->nested_leaf_count += config_source_group.nodes.size(); // Empty if added group is not a leaf. auto g_iter = parent->sub_groups.find(idx); if (g_iter != parent->sub_groups.end()) { assert(i != path.size() - 1); parent = g_iter->second.get(); } else { assert(i == path.size() - 1); // Only valid case for last item in path. parent->sub_groups.emplace(path.back(), std::move(new_group)); } } } void build_transformed_root_group(DistributionConfigBuilder& builder, const DistributionConfigBuilder::Group& config_source_root, const Group& parsed_root) { DistributionConfigBuilder::Group new_root(config_source_root); new_root.partitions = sub_groups_to_partition_spec(parsed_root); builder.group.emplace_back(std::move(new_root)); } void build_transformed_non_root_group(DistributionConfigBuilder& builder, const DistributionConfigBuilder::Group& config_source_group, const Group& parsed_root) { DistributionConfigBuilder::Group new_group(config_source_group); if (!is_leaf_group(config_source_group)) { // Partition specs only apply to inner nodes const auto& g = find_non_root_group_by_index(config_source_group.index, parsed_root); new_group.partitions = sub_groups_to_partition_spec(g); } builder.group.emplace_back(std::move(new_group)); } std::unique_ptr<Group> create_group_tree_from_config(const DistributionConfig& source) { std::unique_ptr<Group> root; for (auto& g : source.group) { auto new_group = std::make_unique<Group>(); assert(g.nodes.size() < UINT16_MAX); new_group->nested_leaf_count = static_cast<uint16_t>(g.nodes.size()); if (root) { insert_new_group_into_tree(std::move(new_group), g, root); } else { root = std::move(new_group); } } return root; } / Even though groups are inherently hierarchical, the config is a flat array with a * hierarchy bolted on through the use of (more or less) "multi-dimensional" index strings. * Index string of root group is always "invalid" (or possibly some other string that cannot * be interpreted as a dot-separated tree node path). Other groups have an index of the * form "X.Y.Z", where Z is the group's immediate parent index, Y is Z's parent and so on. Just * stating Z itself is not sufficient to uniquely identify the group, as group indices are * not unique _across_ groups. For indices "0.1" and "1.1", the trailing "1" refers to 2 * distinct groups, as they have different parents. * * It may be noted that the group index strings do _not_ include the root group, so we * have to always implicitly include it ourselves. * * Config groups are ordered so that when a group is encountered, all its parents (and * transitively, its parents again etc) have already been processed. This directly * implies that the root group is always the first group present in the config. / void build_global_groups(DistributionConfigBuilder& builder, const DistributionConfig& source) { assert(!source.group.empty()); // TODO gracefully handle empty config? auto root = create_group_tree_from_config(source); auto g_iter = source.group.begin(); const auto g_end = source.group.end(); build_transformed_root_group(builder, g_iter, root); ++g_iter; for (; g_iter != g_end; ++g_iter) { build_transformed_non_root_group(builder, g_iter, root); } builder.redundancy = root->nested_leaf_count; builder.readyCopies = builder.redundancy; } } // anon ns std::shared_ptr<DistributionConfig> GlobalBucketSpaceDistributionConverter::convert_to_global(const DistributionConfig& source) { DistributionConfigBuilder builder; set_distribution_invariant_config_fields(builder); build_global_groups(builder, source); return std::make_shared<DistributionConfig>(builder); } std::shared_ptr<lib::Distribution> GlobalBucketSpaceDistributionConverter::convert_to_global(const lib::Distribution& distr) { const auto& src_config = distr.serialized(); auto global_config = convert_to_global(string_to_config(src_config)); return std::make_shared<lib::Distribution>(*global_config); } std::unique_ptr<DistributionConfig> GlobalBucketSpaceDistributionConverter::string_to_config(const std::string& cfg) { vespalib::asciistream iss(cfg); config::AsciiConfigReader<vespa::config::content::StorDistributionConfig> reader(iss); return reader.read(); } std::string GlobalBucketSpaceDistributionConverter::config_to_string(const DistributionConfig& cfg) { vespalib::asciistream ost; config::AsciiConfigWriter writer(ost); writer.write(cfg); return ost.str(); } } ```
Manou N'Guessan Gallo (born 31 August 1972 in Divo, Côte d'Ivoire), is a West African singer, bandleader and musician of African popular music, playing the electric bass guitar. Life and career Brought up by her grandmother, Gallo first performed at the age of 12 and went on to become a success, touring in various African countries such as Burkina Faso, Mali, Togo and Benin as well as recording four albums. When the group Woya eventually stopped, Gallo followed Marcellin Yacé to Abidjan. He gave her her first bass guitar and taught her about recording. Between 1993 and 1996, she also performed in theatre and dance troupes as well as playing on an album by Ray Lema. She eventually met the tour manager of Zap Mama and was offered the chance to tour with them in Europe. She performed with them for six years from 1997, and also appeared with the Tambours de Brazza. She eventually formed her own group, Le Djiboi, and toured extensively. Her debut album, Dida, was released on the IglooMondo label in 2003, followed by Manou Gallo in 2007. In 2011, she produced and played bass with the group Mokoomba on their album Rising Tide. Gallo sings in Dida, French and English. On her album Afro Groove Queen she collaborated with Bootsy Collins and Manu Dibango . Discography Solo albums Dida (2003) Manou Gallo (2007) Lowlin (2010) Afro Groove Queen (2018) Collaborations A Ma Zone (1999) with Zap Mama Rising Tide (2011) with Mokoomba (production and bass) Kalimba Gigi song, with Amir Gwirtzman on "Inhale-Exhale" album 2010 References External links Manou Gallo's homepage Manou Gallo at MySpace Zig Zag World label Manou Gallo on IglooMondo Living people Ivorian guitarists 1972 births People from Divo, Ivory Coast 21st-century guitarists Igloo Records artists 21st-century women guitarists
Weight management refers to behaviors, techniques, and physiological processes that contribute to a person's ability to attain and maintain a healthy weight. Most weight management techniques encompass long-term lifestyle strategies that promote healthy eating and daily physical activity. Moreover, weight management involves developing meaningful ways to track weight over time and to identify ideal body weights for different individuals. Weight management strategies most often focus on achieving healthy weights through slow but steady weight loss, followed by maintenance of an ideal body weight. However, weight neutral approaches to health have also been shown to result in positive health outcomes. Understanding the basic science of weight management and strategies for attaining and maintaining a healthy weight is very important because obesity is a risk factor for development of many chronic diseases, like Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Key factors There are many factors that contribute to a person's weight, including: diet, physical activity, genetics, environmental factors, health care support, medications, and illnesses. Each of these factors affect weight in different ways and to varying degrees, but health professionals most often stress the importance of diet and physical activity because they can be affected by conscious behavior modification. Attaining a healthy weight involves recognition of general techniques such as portion sizing, self-monitoring, and daily diet consistency. Once this healthy weight has been attained, maintaining this stable weight additionally involves physical activity and control of an individual's environment and eating patterns. Furthermore, healthcare support in the form of primary care medical supervision and following up over time has been shown to be helpful for long-term weight management. The following is a review of some of the key components of weight management in humans. Energy balance The science behind weight management is complex, but one of the key concepts that governs weight management is Energy Balance. Energy Balance is the phrase used to describe the difference between the number of calories a person consumes and the number of calories that same person expends (a.k.a. burns) in a given time period. There are three possible scenarios when it comes to the energy balance equation: Calories consumed (food, drink) = Calories expended (basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermogenic effect of food, acute illness) Outcome: Weight remains unchanged Calories consumed > Calories expended Also known as Positive Energy Balance Outcome: Weight increases Calories consumed < Calories expended Also known as Negative Energy Balance Outcome: Weight decreases The calories a person consumes come from food and drink intake. The calories a person expends comes from their basal metabolic rate and their daily physical activity. The human body is very good at maintaining a neutral energy balance, particularly with a diet composed of fruits, vegetables, and meats so that calories consumed do not substantially exceed calories expended in a given time period and vice versa. This energy balance is regulated by hormones like Leptin (suppresses), Ghrelin (stimulates), and Cholecystokinin (suppresses) which either suppress or stimulate appetite. Diet The quantity of food and drink consumed by an individual may play a role in weight management, as may the types of food and drink a person consumes. For example, intake of sweetened drinks such as sodas or juices can lead to increased energy intake that is not neutralized by a decrease in accompanying food intake. Increased portion sizes may also lead to increased energy intake. Physical activity Physical activity can be related to a person's professional activities, non-work related daily activities like walking or cycling, or it can be in the form of activities such as recreation or team sports. The specific type of activity can be tailored to populations such as children, pregnant women, and elderly adults. Tailored activity to one's fitness level also encourages the body to heal properly and prevent any injuries as a result of exercise. Physical inactivity leads to less energy expenditure and is a factor that impacts obesity rates in both children and adults. Physical inactivity has become a worldwide concern since inactivity also elevates the risk of heart disease. Regular physical activity can reduce the risk for noncommunicable diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and dyslipidemia (high cholesterol). Basal metabolic rate Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is one of the main components of a person's daily energy expenditure. It is defined as the amount of energy that is expended during a given amount of time by a person at rest. This energy at rest is used to pump blood throughout the body, maintain proper brain function, break down toxins, and ensure other bodily functions. Technically speaking, BMR is the energy the body expends during the following specific conditions: immediately after waking up, while in a resting state, and after fasting for 12–14 hours. Sometimes the term Resting Metabolic (RMR) is used in place of BMR, but RMR is not solely measured under the previously listed stringent conditions and it is about 10% more than BMR. The BMR is directly proportional to a person's lean body mass. In other words, the more lean body mass a person has, the higher their BMR. BMR is also affected by acute illnesses and increases with burns, fractures, infections, fevers, etc. It can be measured via direct and indirect calorimetry. However, it is also possible to approximately estimate BMR using several equations that factor in a person's age, sex, height, and weight. Some of the most popular and accurate equations used to calculate BMR are the original Harris-Benedict equations, the revised Harris-Benedict equations, and the Mifflin St. Jeor equation. The original Harris-Benedict Equations are as follows: BMR (Males) in Kcals/day = 66.47 + 13.75 (weight in kg) + 5.0 (height in cm) - 6.76 (age in years) BMR (Females) in Kcals/day = 655.1 + 9.56 (weight in kg) + 1.85 (height in cm) – 4.68 (age in years) The revised Harris-Benedict Equations are as follows: BMR (Males) in Kcals/day = 88.36 + 13.40 (weight in kg) + 4.8 (height in cm) – 5.68 (age in years) BMR (Females) in Kcals/day = 447.59 + 9.25 (weight in kg) + 3.10 (height in cm) – 4.33 (age in years) The Mifflin St. Jeor Equation is as follows: BMR (Males) in Kcals/day = 9.99 (weight in kg) + 6.25 (height in cm) – 4.92 (age in years) + 5 BMR (Females) in Kcals/day = 9.99 (weight in kg) + 6.25 (height in cm) – 4.92 (age in years) – 161 The Mifflin St. Jeor Equation has been found to be the most accurate predictor of BMR compared to BMR measured by direct and indirect calorimetry. Body mass index Body mass index (BMI) is a value used to get a general sense of a person's overall mass and is calculated using a person's height and weight. It is more often used than weight alone to determine if an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. The following two equations can used to calculate BMI depending on the units used for height (meters vs. inches) and weight (kilograms vs. pounds): or Though BMI is often used to help assess for excess weight, it is not a perfect representation of a person's body fat percentage. For example, an individual can have a higher than normal BMI but a normal body fat percentage if they have higher than average muscle mass. This is because excess muscle contributes to a higher weight. Since BMI is not a perfect representation of a person's body fat percentage, other measurements like waist circumference are often used to better assess for unhealthy excess weight. The following table shows how different ranges of BMIs are often categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese: On average, groups of people with "obese" BMIs may have a higher risk of developing illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia (high cholesterol), liver disease, and some cancers. "Underweight" BMIs may indicate malnutrition or other health problems. However, BMI has limitations when used to describe individual health rather than describing populations of people. Complicating factors Thermogenic effect of food The thermogenic effect of food is another component of a person's daily energy expenditure and refers to the amount of energy it takes the body to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients in the diet. The amount of energy expended while processing food differs by individual but on average it amounts to about 10% the number of calories consumed during a given time period. Processing proteins and carbohydrates has more of a thermogenic effect than does processing fats. Medications Certain medications can cause either weight loss or weight gain. Such side effects are often listed for each medication and should be considered when attempting to manage a person's weight. Metanalysis has shown that phentermine and topiramate, pramlintide, naltrexone, bupropion, and liraglutide have been shown to induce weight loss. Semaglutide is another anti-obesity drug that is also used for blood sugar control. Diseases Medical conditions associated with weight gain include hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and congestive heart failure. Medical conditions such as cancer, gastrointestinal illness, psychiatric disorders, infections, endocrine disorders, and neurologic disorders may lead to weight loss. Commonly associated with weight gain Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, is a common condition that has been linked to obesity. A combination of genetics, lifestyle, and environment appear to contribute to the hormonal changes responsible for weight gain and obesity seen in individuals with PCOS.There appears to be a bidirectional relationship between obesity and PCOS, whereby PCOS increases the risk of obesity and similarly, obesity has been found to exacerbate PCOS hormonal differences and clinical symptoms. Obesity has been linked with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In diabetes, impaired β-islet cells are responsible for the lack of blood glucose control. Individuals with a higher body mass index concerning for obesity may have increased levels of hormones, proinflammatory markers, and glycerol, which can contribute to insulin resistance. The combined effects of impaired pancreatic β-islet cells and insulin resistance increase the likelihood of developing diabetes. In individuals with blood sugar levels in the prediabetic range, weight loss was demonstrated to have many benefits including improved glycemic control and a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Commonly associated with weight loss Common gastrointestinal disorders associated with weight loss are malabsorption due to Celiac disease or chronic pancreatitis. Depression and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa can also contribute to weight loss. Infectious causes of weight loss include HIV/AIDS. While Type 1 diabetes has been found to cause weight loss, type 2 diabetes has been associated with weight gain. Other endocrine causes of weight loss include hyperthyroidism and chronic adrenal insufficiency. Intentional weight loss Diets As weight loss depends partly on calorie intake, different kinds of calorie-reduced diets, such as those emphasizing particular macronutrients (low-fat, low-carbohydrate, etc.), have been shown to be equally effective as weight loss tools. Nonetheless, a low-saturated fat diet complemented with high fiber can be helpful for those who are found to be obese based on BMI. Furthermore, a low-carbohydrate diet can have the added benefits of blood sugar control in those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A low-carbohydrate diet can also improve weight loss, HDL, and cholesterol in certain individuals. Compared to a typical diet, low-carbohydrate, low-fat, and moderate macronutrient diets can all positively impact weight loss. However, weight regain is common, and the outcome of a diet can vary widely depending on the individual. Rather than focusing on the nuances of each diet type, molding one diet in a way that the person can continuously adhere in the long-term could be beneficial for weight loss. DASH diet The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet focuses on increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products. DASH offers an intervention to manage elevated blood pressures and prevent cardiovascular disease non-pharmacologically. In addition, combining the DASH diet with a reduced sodium intake will further decrease blood pressure, but is not required for therapeutic effect. This is because it has been proven to be effective at a wide range of sodium intake levels. More recent reviews of DASH have continued to advocate its efficacy as an affordable weight loss tool, but stress that diet adherence is key to produce the desired results. Mediterranean diet The Mediterranean diet involves eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains and beans while replacing butter with extra-virgin olive oil and limiting red meats, dairy, sweets, and processed foods. It has been shown to be effective for long term weight loss with added cardiovascular health benefits. For example, the Mediterranean diet can lead to decreased triglyceride and lipid levels as well as improved blood pressure readings. It can also improve blood sugar levels in those diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Ketogenic diet The ketogenic or "keto" diet involves intake of less than 50 g of carbohydrates daily along with increased fat and protein amounts. One type of ketogenic or low carbohydrate diet is the "Atkins" Diet, which does not restrict protein and fat amounts. However, there are other ketogenic diets that place restrictions on the total amount of daily proteins and fats. Plant-based diet The plant-based diet is largely based on consumption of beans, grains, fruits, and vegetables and removal of meat, fish, and occasionally dairy and egg products from intake. In other words, fiber and unsaturated fat intake is increased and consumption of higher calorie meats and saturated fats is decreased. This diet has been shown to reduce BMI and introduce positive body composition changes when compared to a carnivore diet. Intermittent fasting Intermittent fasting (IF) involves consistent fasting blocks of time where fewer or no calories are consumed. Intermittent fasting has been shown to improve fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance with a concurrent reduction in BMI. Strategies Modifying plate size Some studies have suggested that using smaller plates might help people to consume smaller portion sizes. Modifying portion sizes may impact energy intake. Those who are presented with larger portion sizes do not report to have high levels of satiety. In other words, hunger and satiety signals could be ignored with large portion sizes. In a study focused on portion sizes, participants consumed 31% less calories with the small portion sized of a 6-inch submarine sandwich compared with the large portion size of a 12-inch submarine sandwich. Increased portions have occurred simultaneously with the increase in obesity rates. Large portion sizes could be one of the factors contributing to the current increase in average body weight in the US. Evidence from a systematic review of 72 randomized controlled trials indicates that people consistently eat more food when offered larger portion, package, or tableware sizes as opposed to smaller size alternatives. Choosing low-calorie foods The majority of guidelines agree that a calorie deficit, particularly 500-750 kcal daily, can be recommended to those who want to lose weight. A moderate decrease in caloric intake will lead to a slow weight loss, which is often more beneficial than a rapid weight loss for long term weight management. For example, low fat meats reduce the total amount of calories and cholesterol consumed. Increasing protein intake A high protein diet relative to a low-fat or high-carbohydrate diet may increase thermogenesis and decrease appetite leading to weight reduction, particularly 3-6 months into a diet when rapid weight loss is observed. However, these advantages may be reduced later at 12–24 months into a diet during the slow weight loss phase. Eating more soup Studies have demonstrated that when compared to solid foods, soup ingestion decreases the amount of energy intake and increases feelings of satiety. When soup is consumed before a meal, there is a 20% decrease in the number of calories consumed during said meal. Eating more dairy Studies have shown that a diet high in dairy decreases total body fat. This occurs because a high amount of dietary calcium increases the amount of energy and fat excreted from the body. Other studies have noted that dairy sources of calcium lead to greater weight loss than supplemental calcium intake. This could be due to the bioactive components of dairy sources, especially when combined with a lower calorie diet. Since most natural dairy products contain fat content, there is a common understanding that this may cause weight gain. However, dairy contains ingredients such as whey protein and certain combinations of protein/calcium nutrients that induce a positive effect on satiety, increase energy loss, and assists weight loss. Eating more vegetables Fruits and vegetables have been shown to increase satiety and decrease hunger signals. These food groups have a low energy density, mainly due to the high water content and partly due to the fiber content. The reduction of energy density has been shown to enhance satiety. The water content adds satisfying weight without excess calories and fiber slows gastric emptying. Studies have also shown that fiber decreases hunger and also decreases total energy intake. Increasing fiber intake Fruits and vegetables are two sources of fiber as discussed above. Dietary fiber has been suggested to aid weight management by inducing satiety, decreasing absorption of macronutrients and promoting secretion of gut hormones. Dietary fiber consists of non-digestible carbohydrates and lignin, which are a structural component in plants. Due to the high volume or water content of fiber-rich foods, fiber displaces available calories and nutrients from the diet. Consumption of viscous fibers delays gastric emptying, which may cause an extended feeling of fullness. Satiety is also induced by increasing chewing, which limits food intake by promoting the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, resulting in an expansion of the stomach. In addition, hormone secretion is affected during fiber ingestion. Insulin response is reduced and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the small intestine is increased. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels while CCK adjusts gastric emptying, pancreatic secretion, and gall bladder contraction. There is a direct correlation between CCK and satiety after foods of different fiber contents are consumed. In general, large intakes of dietary fiber at breakfast have been associated with less food intake at lunchtime. Fiber may have the added benefit of helping consumers reduce food intake throughout the day, but results of studies examining this possibility have been conflicting. Increasing resistant starch intake Resistant starch is a type of non-digestible, fermentable fiber resistant to amylase digestion in the small intestine. It is broken down to short-chain fatty acids by microflora in the large intestine. It is commonly found in cooked and cooled potatoes, green bananas, beans and legumes. The short chain fatty acids can lead to further oxidation of fat and a higher energy expenditure. Resistant starch dilutes energy density of food intake, maintains a bulking effect similar to non-fermentable fiber, and increases the expression of gut hormones PYY and GLP-1. The increase in gut hormone expression affects neuronal pathways in the brain that contribute to long-term energy balance and improved overall health of the intestines. Increasing caffeine intake Caffeine and black coffee have been associated with increased energy expenditure and subsequent weight loss. Caffeine belongs to a class of compounds called methylxanthines and is present in coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate and some cola drinks. Caffeine induces a thermogenic effect in the body by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, which is an important regulator of energy expenditure. Increasing green tea intake Catechins are polyphenols that are a major component of green tea extract. Green tea has been associated with decreasing blood glucose, inhibiting hepatic and body fat accumulation, and stimulating thermogenesis due to the catechins present in formulations. Moreover, catechins in the brain play a major role in satiety. Independent of the caffeine content, green tea has also been shown to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. While green tea intake alone may not significantly reduce weight or BMI, combining intake with other strategies aimed at weight loss could be helpful for both loss and weight maintenance. See also Anti-obesity medication Dieting Nutrigenomics Nutrition Weight loss Weight gain Orthorexia References Further reading Weight loss
Roger Forsythe (born John Roger Forsythe) (July 11, 1955 - October 6, 1991) was a men's fashion designer. Biography Forsythe was born in Chillicothe, Missouri, on July 11, 1955, and raised in Texas. Forsythe earned a business degree from the University of Houston and then attended the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City, where he graduated with an associate degree in applied sciences, specializing in men's wear, in 1982. Forsythe trademarked his name on July 23, 1984. and began his career working for Jean Paul Germaine, Kenneth Gordon and later was director of men's, women's and children's sportswear collections at Basic Elements, Los Angeles CA. In 1988 he was appointed as Director Of Design, Men's Wear division for the Perry Ellis Group. Under Forsythe's direction, sales under his leadership jumped from $15 million to more than $100 million annually. Founder Perry Ellis died of complications from AIDS in 1986. Forsythe proved to be the design force that put the men's collection back on its feet following Ellis' death. Forsythe was awarded Men's Wear Designer of the Year by the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) in 1991. He died on October 6, 1991, at the New York University Medical Center of HIV- related lymphatic cancer. References American fashion designers 1955 births 1991 deaths American business executives 20th-century American businesspeople Menswear designers People from Chillicothe, Missouri
EBP may refer to: EBP (gene), encoding the emopamil binding protein Earth BioGenome Project EBP register, a processor register in the IA-32 instruction set, typically used to hold the stack base pointer (the address of the current stack frame) Education Business Partnership, in the United Kingdom Estradiol-binding protein Evidence-based policing Evidence-based policy, in public policy Evidence-based practice, in medicine Efficiency Bandwidth Product, one of the Thiele/Small parameters Eurasian Boxing Parliament, boxing organisation.
was a women's football team. The club was founded in 1978, and disbanded in 1997. Honors Domestic competitions Empress's Cup All-Japan Women's Football Tournament Champions (1) : 1989 Runners-up (5) : 1979, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988 Results Women's football clubs in Japan Association football clubs established in 1979 1991 establishments in Japan
The second inauguration of Bill Clinton as president of the United States was held on Monday, January 20, 1997, at the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. This was the 53rd inauguration and marked the commencement of the second and final term of Bill Clinton as president and Al Gore as vice president. This was the last presidential inauguration to take place in the 20th century, the last in the 2nd millennium, and the first to be streamed live on the internet. Inaugural ceremony Reverend Billy Graham gave an invocation to start the ceremony followed by the Pledge of Allegiance. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Ruth Bader Ginsburg gave the oath to office for Vice President Al Gore. Jessye Norman, the famed Georgian opera singer, then serenaded the crowd with a medley of patriotic songs. Following the performance, surrounded by members of Congress dignitaries, Justices of the Supreme Court, family, and friends, Bill Clinton stood next to his daughter while his wife held the Bible. The oath to office was administered by Chief Justice William Rehnquist at 12:05 pm. The oath was ended with the traditional words, "So help me God." The National Anthem was sung by Santita Jackson, daughter of renowned civil rights activist Jesse Jackson, and then Arkansas poet Miller Williams read "Of History and Hope", a poem he wrote for the occasion. President Clinton's inaugural speech followed. The inauguration was celebrated that night by 14 different official galas held in honor of the President and First Lady. January 20, 1997, was also Martin Luther King Jr. Day. The President's speech addressed King and his legacy as a champion of African-American rights and freedoms during the civil rights era. In addition, luncheon was held after the oath was taken at the Capitol's Statuary Hall that was based on traditional recipes from President Thomas Jefferson's era. Miller Williams, a poet from Clinton's home state of Arkansas, penned the poem "Of History and Hope" especially for the day. See also First inauguration of Bill Clinton Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1997) 1996 United States presidential election Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign References External links Text of Clinton's Second Inaugural Address Video of Clinton's Second Inaugural Address from C-SPAN.org (with audio) Audio of Clinton's Second Inaugural Address 1997 speeches 1997 in American politics 1997 in Washington, D.C. January 1997 events in the United States United States presidential inaugurations Inauguration Inauguration
Jeong Mi (born July 27, 1970) is a South Korean sprint canoer who competed in the late 1980s. She was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-4 500 m event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. External links Sports-reference.com profile 1970 births Canoeists at the 1988 Summer Olympics Living people Olympic canoeists for South Korea South Korean female canoeists Place of birth missing (living people)
A pound-foot (lb⋅ft), abbreviated from pound-force foot (lbf · ft), is a unit of torque representing one pound of force acting at a perpendicular distance of one foot from a pivot point. Conversely one foot pound-force (ft · lbf) is the moment about an axis that applies one pound-force at a radius of one foot. Unit The value in Système International (SI) units is given by multiplying the following exact factors: One pound (mass) = Standard gravity = 9.80665 m/s2 One foot = 0.3048 m This gives the exact conversion factor: One pound-foot = newton metres. The name "pound-foot", intended to minimize confusion with the foot-pound as a unit of work, was apparently first proposed by British physicist Arthur Mason Worthington. Despite this, in practice torque units are commonly called the foot-pound (denoted as either lb-ft or ft-lb) or the inch-pound (denoted as in-lb). Practitioners depend on context and the hyphenated abbreviations to know that these refer to neither energy nor moment of mass (as the symbol ft-lb rather than lbf-ft would imply). Similarly, an inch-pound (or pound-inch) is the torque of one pound of force applied to one inch of distance from the pivot, and is equal to . It is commonly used on torque wrenches and torque screwdrivers for setting specific fastener tension. See also Kilogram metre (torque) (kgf⋅m) References Units of torque Imperial units Customary units of measurement in the United States de:Foot-pound
William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings William III of Sicily (c. 1186–c. 1198) William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg (1817–1890) William IV of the United Kingdom, also known as William III in Scotland (1765–1837) Nobles William III, Duke of Aquitaine (913–963) William III, Count of Toulouse, also styled William III of Provence (c. 970–1037) William III of Provence (died after 1037) William III of Weimar (died 1039) William III, Marquess of Montferrat (c. 970–1042) William II, Count of Provence, also numbered William III of Provence, (late 980s–1018) William III, Lord of Montpellier (died 1058) William V, Count of Angoulême, also known as William Taillefer III (1084–1118/20) William III of Forcalquier (died 1129) William III of Mâcon (1088–1156) William III, Count of Ponthieu (c. 1093–1172) William III, Count of Nevers (c. 1107–1161) William III, Count of Burgundy (c. 1110–1127) William III, Count of Jülich, ruled 1207–1219 William II, Count of Flanders, also styled William III of Dampierre (1224–1251) William de Cantilupe (died 1254) William III of Baux (died 1257) William III of Cagliari, ruled 1256–1258 William III of Geneva (1280-1320) William I, Count of Hainaut or William III of Holland (c. 1286–1337) William III, Earl of Ross, known as , 5th Earl of Ross (died 1372) William I, Duke of Bavaria or William III of Hainaut (1330–1389) William III, Duke of Bavaria (1375–1435) William III of Isenburg-Wied, ruled 1413–1462 William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (1425–1482) William III, Princely count of Henneberg-Schleusingen (1434–1480) William III, Landgrave of Hesse (1471–1500) Horses William the Third (horse) See also King William (disambiguation) Prince William (disambiguation) William (disambiguation) List of people named William#Royalty and nobility Guillaume III (disambiguation), the French equivalent of William III
Johannes Paulus Stricker (18 October 1816 – 27 August 1886) was a Dutch theologian and biblical scholar. He attended the University of Leiden where he worked with J. F. van Oordt, a key figure in the new Groningen theology. He sat his ordination examination in May 1841, and was appointed to a ministerial post in October of that year. In December of that year, he married Willemina Carbentus, an older sister of Vincent van Gogh's mother. As an uncle he tutored the young Vincent in theology and biblical criticism in 1877–78. In the summer of 1881, van Gogh became infatuated with Strickers daughter Kee. He proposed marriage, but was rebuffed with an adamant "no, nay, never" ("nooit, neen, nimmer"). Undeterred, he nevertheless continued to press his attentions despite the increasing dismay and disapproval of his family which eventually led to his leaving the family home for a while to study drawing at The Hague with his cousin-in-law Anton Mauve. Works Bijbels woordenboek voor het Christelijke Gezin, (1855) (Biblical Dictionary for the Christian Family) Het Geloof in Jezus Christus, de Eenige Weg tot Zaligheid, (1861) (Belief in Jesus Christ, the only Way to Salvation) Jezus van Nazareth volgens de Historie Geschetst, (1868) (Jesus of Nazareth, Drawn according to History) References Kathleen Powers Erickson, At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent van Gogh, 1998, . Leiden University alumni 19th-century Dutch Calvinist and Reformed ministers 1816 births 1886 deaths Clergy from The Hague
Turbonilla major is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. Description The shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures .39 inch. The teleoconch contains 15 whorls that are moderately convex and are marked by a well impressed suture. On each whorl there are about 24 stout, obtuse approximate ribs which are obsolete anteriorly. The shell shows finely impressed spiral striae over all the surface except the summit of the ribs. The outlines of the spire are rectilinear. The aperture is subovate. The outer lip is thin. The columella is straight. Distribution This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Panama. References External links To World Register of Marine Species major Gastropods described in 1852
KZMN (103.9 FM, "The Monster 103.9") is a radio station licensed to serve Kalispell, Montana. The station is owned by KOFI, Inc. It airs a Classic rock music format. Their studios are downtown Kalispell at 317 1st Ave. E. with sister station KOFI. The transmitter and 570 foot tower are in Somers, on Buffalo Trail Road. The station was assigned the KZMN call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on May 15, 2003. References External links KZMN official website ZMN Flathead County, Montana Classic rock radio stations in the United States
is a passenger railway station located in the city of Anan, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "M15". Lines Kuwano Station is served by the Mugi Line and is located 32.6 km from the beginning of the line at . Besides the local trains on the Mugi Line, the Muroto limited express service between and also stops at the station. Layout The station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. The station building is unstaffed and serves only as a waiting room. Access to the opposite platform is by means of a level crossing with ramps at both ends. A siding branches off track 1 and ends near the station building. Platforms Adjacent stations History Japanese Government Railways (JGR) opened Kuwano Station on 27 March 1936 during the first phase of the construction of the Mugi Line when a track was built from to here. On 1 April 1987, with the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, JR Shikoku took over control of the station. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 119 passengers daily Surrounding area Anan City Hall Kuwano Resident Center Anan City Kuwano Elementary School Anan Municipal Anan Daini Junior High School See also List of railway stations in Japan References External links JR Shikoku timetable Railway stations in Tokushima Prefecture Railway stations in Japan opened in 1936 Anan, Tokushima
HMS Reynard was part of the 1847 Program, she was ordered on 25 April as a steam schooner from Deptford Dockyard with the name ‘Plumper’. However, the reference Ships of the Royal Navy, by J.J. College, © 2020, there is no entry that associates the name Plumper to this build. The vessel was reordered on August 12th as an 8-gun sloop as designed by John Edye. She was launched in 1848, conducted anti-piracy work in Chinese waters and was wrecked near Pratas Island in the South China Sea on 31 May 1851. Reynard was the seventh named vessel (spelt Renard or Reynard) since it was introduced for a 18-gun sloop captured from the French on May 1780 by HMS Brune in the West Indies and broken in 1784. Construction Reynard’s keel was laid in August 1847 at Deptford Dockyard and launched on 21 March 1848. Her gundeck was with her keel length reported for tonnage calculation of . Her maximum breadth was reported for tonnage was . She had a depth of hold of 14 feet 6 inches . Her builder’s measure tonnage was 516 tons and displaced 656 tons. Her light draught forward was and aft. Her machinery was supplied by George & John Rennie. She shipped two rectangular fire tube boilers. Her engine was a 2-cylinder horizontal single expansion (HSE) steam engine with cylinders of in diameter with a stroke, rated at 60 nominal horsepower (NHP). She had a single screw propeller. Her main armament consisted of two Blomefield 32-pounder 56 hundredweight (cwt) muzzle loading smooth bore (MLSB) solid shot guns and six Blomefield (bored up from 18-pounders) 32-pounder 25 cwt MLSB 6-foot solid shot guns on broadside trucks. The 56 cwt guns had a 6.41 inch bore whereas the 25 cwt guns had a bore of 6.3. Both fired a 32-pound solid shot. Trials During steam trials her engine generated 165 indicated horsepower (IHP) for a speed of 8.238 knots. Reynard was completed for sea on the 1st of August 1848 at a cost for hull £10,262 and machinery and fitting £8,625. Commissioned Service She was commissioned on 4 July 1848 at Woolwich under Commander Peter Cracroft, RN for Particular Service with Sir Charles Napier’s Western Squadron. On 15 September 1848, she ran aground at Cobh, County Cork. She was refloated. Reynard took part in an abortive amphibious landing against Riff pirates in February 1849. On leaving the Channel Fleet. she sailed for the East Indies, leaving Singapore in company with for Labuan and China on 10 October 1849, and arriving in Hong Kong on 14 November. She served on the China Station in an anti-piracy role, recapturing two junks and apprehending 15 Chinese pirates on 23 March 1850. She left Hong Kong to return to Woolwich to pay off, but on her way was required to accompany the brig to rescue the crew of the brig Velocipede, which had run aground on Pratas shoal, southeast of Hong Kong. Fate In rescuing the crew of Velocipede, Reynard herself was wrecked near Pratas Island in the South China Sea on 31 May 1851. The whole crew survived the sinking. HMS Pilot rescued them and also the crew of Velocipede. Reynard could not be saved, and she was paid off as a total loss on 27 February 1852. Notes References Lyon Winfield, The Sail & Steam Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815 to 1889, by David Lyon & Rif Winfield, published by Chatham Publishing, London © 2004, The Navy List, published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London Winfield, British Warships in the Age of Sail (1817 – 1863), by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, England © 2014, e, Chapter 12 Screw Sloops, Vessels ordered or reordered as steam screw sloops (from 1845), Reynard Colledge, Ships of the Royal Navy, by J.J. Colledge, revised and updated by Lt Cdr Ben Warlow and Steve Bush, published by Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley, Great Britain, © 2020, e (EPUB), Section P (Plumper, Renard, Reynard) Victorian-era sloops of the United Kingdom Sloops of the Royal Navy Ships built in Deptford 1848 ships Maritime incidents in September 1848 Maritime incidents in May 1851 Shipwrecks in the South China Sea
Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil, sold under the brand name Teysuno among others is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer when used in combination with cisplatin, and also for the treatment of head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, non–small-cell lung, breast, pancreatic, and biliary tract cancers. The most common severe side effects when used in combination with cisplatin include neutropenia (low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell), anaemia (low red blood cell counts) and fatigue (tiredness). Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (Teysuno) was approved for medical use in the European Union in March 2011. Medical uses In the European Union, tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil is indicated for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer when given in combination with cisplatin. Contraindications In the European Union, tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil must not be used in the following groups: people receiving another fluoropyrimidine (a group of anticancer medicines that includes tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil) or who have had severe and unexpected reactions to fluoropyrimidine therapy; people known to have no DPD enzyme activity, as well as people who, within the previous four weeks, have been treated with a medicine that blocks this enzyme; pregnant or breastfeeding women; people with severe leucopenia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia (low levels of white cells or platelets in the blood); people with severe kidney problems requiring dialysis; people who should not be receiving cisplatin. Mechanism of action Tegafur is the chemotherapeutic agent. It is a prodrug of the active substance fluorouracil (5-FU). Tegafur, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells) that belongs to the ‘anti-metabolites’ group. Tegafur is converted to the medicine fluorouracil in the body, but more is converted in tumor cells than in normal tissues. Fluorouracil is very similar to pyrimidine. Pyrimidine is part of the genetic material of cells (DNA and RNA). In the body, fluorouracil takes the place of pyrimidine and interferes with the enzymes involved in making new DNA. As a result, it prevents the growth of tumor cells and eventually kills them. Gimeracil inhibits the degradation of fluorouracil by reversibly blocking the dehydrogenase enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). This results in higher 5-FU levels and a prolonged half-life of the substance. Oteracil mainly stays in the gut because of its low permeability, where it reduces the production of 5-FU by blocking the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyltransferase. Lower 5-FU levels in the gut result in a lower gastrointestinal toxicity. Within the medication, the molar ratio of the three components (tegafur:gimeracil:oteracil) is 1:1:0.4. Research It is being developed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. and has activity in esophageal,(Perry Chapter 33) breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. References External links Antineoplastic drugs Combination drugs Pyrimidine antagonists Taiho Pharmaceutical
Project Concise was a United States Army program to close military installations after the Vietnam War. The closures included Nike missile launch sites and command posts including Highlands Army Air Defense Site, Fort Lawton, Fort MacArthur, Fort Hancock, Charleston Army Depot, Fort Wolters, and Valley Forge General Hospital. Additionally, Hunter Army Airfield was reactivated in order to accommodate the expected increase in traffic at Fort Stewart and Fort Hunter. The project commenced with a May 1972-autumn 1973 study that identified numerous posts which were instead retained (e.g., Fort McClellan, instead closed in 1999), and the closures were announced on November 22, 1974. A follow-up program of realignments was announced in 1976. References Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Army Center of Military History United States defense policymaking
Thomas Chilton (July 30, 1798 – August 15, 1854) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky, a prominent Baptist clergyman, and the ghost writer of David Crockett's autobiography. Born near Lancaster, Kentucky, a son of Rev. Thomas John Chilton and Margaret Bledsoe, Chilton attended schools in Paris, Kentucky. One week before his seventeenth birthday he married and commenced study for ordination as a Baptist minister. Simultaneously he began studying for the bar with Jesse Bledsoe, a maternal uncle. After setting up a law practice in Owingsville he was elected to the State House of Representatives at age 21. Chilton became enamored of the political persona of Andrew Jackson and carried Jackson's banner to the Twenty-first Congress from Elizabeth, Kentucky. Chilton was first seated in the U.S. House of Representatives on January 11, 1828. In Washington, DC Chilton took residence at the boarding house of Mary Ball. He was lodged in the same room as a Representative from Tennessee, named David Crockett. The two men rapidly became friends and would spend the better part of the next six years acting in political concert. The most significant event they shared was disillusion with Andrew Jackson, and abandonment of his political party in March 1830. Chilton failed in his bid for reelection to the Twenty-second Congress but was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress. By the end of that term both Chilton and Crockett were tired of dealing with the Jackson machine and associated dirty tricks. The two men were glad to turn their backs on Washington. In 1835 Chilton chose to resume the Baptist ministry in addition to law practice. He owned slaves. The Narrative In 1834 a Philadelphia publisher released a book titled Narrative of the Life of David Crockett of the State of Tennessee. Many readers suspected that this autobiography was crafted by someone other than Crockett himself. It had indeed been crafted by Chilton, from Crockett's written material and in response to questioning, but the agreement between these friends was absolute public silence on the matter. After a century of historical suspicion the details were unearthed during research by Crockett biographer, James Atkins Shackford. Shackford discovered two letters in Crockett's hand which revealed the circumstances. The first letter, written to his son John and dated January 10, 1834 says: The second letter, written to Messrs Cary & Hart, publishers, and dated February 23, 1834 says in part: After leaving Congress Chilton remained in Kentucky for the next four years. In 1839 he removed his family to Talladega, Alabama. This was the location of his younger brother William Parish Chilton who had just been elected to the State legislature. Chilton continued some law practice but also accepted the pulpit of the Hope Baptist Church in Talladega. During a revival meeting, Chilton led to conversion his maternal cousin Robert Emmett Bledsoe Baylor. Baylor subsequently was ordained a minister of the Baptist faith, relocated to Texas, and in 1845 co-founded Baylor University in Independence, Texas. (Baylor was relocated to Waco, Texas in 1885.) In 1841 Chilton served as president of the Alabama Baptist State Convention. After his first wife died in September 1842, he married a woman from his Talladega congregation and accepted a call to pastor the First Baptist Church of Montgomery, Alabama. Later, he pastored churches in Greensboro and Newbern. In August 1851 Chilton was invited to pastor the First Baptist Church in Houston, Texas. He removed from Alabama with his wife, Louisa nee Conklin, and their six young children. He began his ministry there December 6, 1851 but resigned October 28, 1853 to pastor a church in Montgomery, Texas. While delivering a sermon on August 15, 1854 he suddenly clutched his chest, collapsed, and died of a heart attack before the congregation. The town of Chilton, Texas was named for his son, Lysias B. Chilton. A grandson, Horace Chilton became a U.S. Senator from Texas, and was actually the first native born Texan to serve in Congress. Genealogical annoyance Thomas Chilton was not the first-born son of Baptist clergyman Thomas John Chilton and does not bear his middle name as a Junior. On August 8, 1815 he received written permission from his father to marry "Frances T. Stoner". The "T" stood for her middle name, Tribble, but Chilton is identified only as Thomas, with no middle initial recorded by his own father. It has been reported, incorrectly, that Thomas Chilton's gravestone in Montgomery County, Texas bears the middle initial "B". References Johnson, Frank M., "Montgomery County, Texas, CSA" September, 2013: 34-39. Hannum, Sharon Elain, "Thomas Chilton: Lawyer, Politician, Preacher." Filson Club History Quarterly 38, April 1964: 97-114. Shackford, James Atkins, "The Author of David Crockett's Autobiography." The Boston Public Library Quarterly, October 1951: 294-304 External links Guide to Thomas H. Chilton correspondence, housed at the University of Kentucky Libraries Special Collections Research Center 1798 births 1854 deaths People from Garrard County, Kentucky American people of English descent Baptist ministers from the United States Baptists from Kentucky Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky National Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky American biographers American male biographers People from Paris, Kentucky 19th-century American writers Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves
Sanity Obscure is the second studio album by the American Christian thrash metal band Believer. It was initially released in 1990 on R.E.X. and later in 1991 on Roadrunner, marking the band's label debut for Roadrunner. Several mainstream magazines praised the album. Style, writing, composition The band thought that the album "highlighted our German thrash influences such as Kreator and Destruction". Also, they "started experimenting with different rhythm structures" and "decided to expand our use of strings" with the song "Dies Irae (Day of Wrath)" as a result. Sanity Obscure begins with an intro called "Teddy Bears", in which a musical box tune distorts into obscurity. The album contains "dissonant guitar riffs, unusual stop-start rhythms and complicated arrangements", with Kurt Bachman's vocals being "the only conventional sounding characteristic of Sanity Obscure." The lyrics deal with theology and social issues. "Wisdom's Call" is about personal wisdom and its calling that simple people reject. "Stop the Madness" talks about a drug user who has been brainwashed by a decaying world, and is always searching to belong but is unable to tell where their shattered dreams are. "Nonpoint" takes a stance on the dark side of the industrialized society where general ignorance has caused pollution that corrupts nature, and in the end, man's soul. "Like a Song" is a cover of a U2's rebel song which ponders that one must start revolution from within oneself before one can change the world. According to Jeff Wagner in his book Mean Deviation, the song "Dies Irae (Day of Wrath)" was a creative watershed in metal, and except for Mekong Delta, no other extreme metal band at the time had merged the genre with classical music so seamlessly. The orchestral section was conducted by Scott Laird, "who was Kurt's orchestra teacher in High School and also recorded the strings for the intro to the title track on 'Extraction From Mortality'". The song's first three minutes consist of orchestrated strings, synthesizer effects and the soprano vocals of Julianne Laird Hoge, Scott Laird's sister and at the time working as a professional opera singer. After that the band joins in with its thrash metal output in contrast with the orchestration. Doug Mann executed the concept of the song and the band section was composed by Kurt Bachman. Dies irae itself is a Latin poem or hymn which prays mercy at the dawn of apocalypse. The poem was originally written by Thomas of Celano, an Italian friar of the Franciscans, who lived in 13th century and was an obligatory part of the Roman Catholic Requiem Mass for some centuries before 1969. Kurt Bachman stated that the song was inspired by Mozart's Requiem Mass. The song's text can be found as the Catholic chant "Libera me" and is sung in its entirety in Latin. Due to "the expense needed to travel and perform with an orchestra" the song was performed live only once. Recording, production Sanity Obscure was recorded and mixed within approximately two weeks. The band used four layers for the rhythm guitar tracks. Release The band released a promo single for the track "Stop the Madness", which also featured album track "Like a Song" and an anti-drug PSA. The original pressings of both R.E.X. Records and Roadrunner Records are sold out these days and are hard to find. In 2005, Canadian record label Retroactive Records issued a 1000 units pressing of Sanity Obscure, in which they had included an instrumental "bonus track" from Believer's 1987 demo The Return titled "I.Y.F.". This caused some controversy when both Kurt Bachman and Joey Daub informed that they would have not give permission to include extra material if they were asked. In their opinion, the track listing should have stayed as it originally was. However, the record company did not break any copyright laws. Polish label Metal Mind Productions reissued Sanity Obscure as a remastered digipak version with liner notes by the band on November 5, 2007, along with the albums Extraction from Mortality and Dimensions. Reception and legacy Sanity Obscure received a wider audience than Extraction from Mortality. Although Sanity Obscure never really became popular, several mainstream magazines praised the album. According to Jeff Wagner, the song Dies Irae "foreshadowed the operatic approach of future metal bands such as Therion and Nightwish." A retrospective review by Decibel called the song "one of the earliest recorded examples of symphonic metal, using orchestral parts and operatic female vocals that presaged both Nightwish and S&M." According to the members of Doomworld, the video game musician Robert Prince covered the title song "Sanity Obscure" for the video game Doom in E1M6 level's song "On the Hunt" (see: Making of Doom). The song "Dies Irae (Day of Wrath)" also appeared on the soundtrack of the skating video series of CKY. The alternative metal band Nonpoint got their name from the namesake song off Sanity Obscure. In 2010, HM Magazine ranked Sanity Obscure #42 on its Top 100 Christian Rock Albums of all-time list stating: "When Christians make art that blows people away with its creativity, skill and excellence ... well, isn’t that the way it’s supposed to be when people are in relation to the Creator? Sanity Obscure – case in point." In the August 2010 issue of Heaven's Metal fanzine, the album ranked #10 on the Top 100 Christian metal albums of all-time list. Touring Following the release of Sanity Obscure, Believer toured first in Europe and then, in 1991, with British death metal band Bolt Thrower and Canadian thrash metal band Sacrifice in the United States. Track listing Personnel Believer Kurt Bachman – vocals, guitar, band section composition (6) Joey Daub – drums Wyatt Robertson – bass David Baddorf – guitar Additional musicians Julianne Laird Hoge – soprano (6) Technical personnel Doug Mann – production Paul Krueger – production Paul Krueger – engineering Jeff Spencer – cover art Tom Storm – photos Ted Hermanson – intro engineering (1) Scott Laird – orchestral composition (6) Chart positions References Believer (band) albums 1990 albums Symphonic metal albums by American artists
Guerrant House is a historic home located near Arvonia, Buckingham County, Virginia. It was built about 1835, and consists of a -story, two room frame house with a separate kitchen set perpendicular to the rear of the main block. It features typical Federal period decorative and construction details. They include beaded weatherboards, a boxed cornice with dentils, and shouldered chimneys. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. References Federal architecture in Virginia Houses completed in 1835 Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia Houses in Buckingham County, Virginia National Register of Historic Places in Buckingham County, Virginia
William Sandys (1792 – 18 February 1874) (pronounced "Sands") was an English solicitor, member of the Percy Society, fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and remembered for his publication Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern (London, Richard Beckley, 1833), a collection of seasonal carols that Sandys had gathered and also apparently improvised. Collection Sandys' book marked the first appearances of many now-classic English carols, including "God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen", and "The First Noel", and contributed to the mid-Victorian revival of the holiday. Sandys presented his collections in three parts. The first part "Containing Ancient Carols and Christmas Songs, From the Early Part of the Fifteenth to The End of the Seventeenth Century" contains examples in Middle English and Early Modern English. The second part of Sandys' collection contains "A Selection From Carols Still Used In The West Of England" which Sandys claimed to have selected "from upwards of one hundred obtained in different parts of the West of Cornwall, many of which, including those now published, are still in use. Some few of them are printed occasionally in the country, and also in London, Birmingham, and other places, as broadside carols; others have appeared, with some variation, in Mr. Gilbert's collection, having been derived from similar sources; but a large portion, including some of the most curious, have, I believe, never been printed before." Among the carols that made their first appearance here are the classics "The First Noel", "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen", "I Saw Three Ships", "Hark the Herald Angels Sing". Some have the traditional forms of carols. Others are recognizably composed. In the current atmosphere of "Merry England" that included the revival of Christmas that was signalled by Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol" (1843), they all quickly developed their present reputations for being sixteenth century or earlier. A third part offered "Specimens of French Provincial Carols." Sandys repeated his success with Christmas-tide, Its History, Festivities and Carols, With Their Music (London: John Russell Smith, 1852), where he reprinted many of his finds. Notes References "William Sandys" "The Hymns and Carols of Christmas" Further reading The New Oxford Book of Carols, ed. Hugh Keyte and Andrew Parrott (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992) External links 1792 births 1874 deaths 19th-century English people English folk-song collectors Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London People educated at Westminster School, London 19th-century musicologists
```smalltalk // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text. using osuTK; namespace osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers { public interface IBufferedContainer : IContainer { Vector2 BlurSigma { get; set; } } } ```
Gay News was a fortnightly newspaper in the United Kingdom founded in June 1972 in a collaboration between former members of the Gay Liberation Front and members of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE). At the newspaper's height, circulation was 18,000 to 19,000 copies. History of Gay News The original editorial collective included Denis Lemon (editor), Martin Corbett (who later was an active member of ACT UP), David Seligman, a founder member of the London Gay Switchboard collective, Ian Dunn of the Scottish Minorities Group (and later co-founder of the Paedophile Information Exchange), Glenys Parry (national chair of CHE), Suki J. Pitcher, and Doug Pollard, who later went on to launch the weekly gay newspaper, Gay Week (affectionately known as Gweek) (he later became a presenter on Joy Melbourne 94.9FM, Australia's first full-time GLBTI radio station, and was for a time editor of Melbourne Star, the city's fortnightly gay newspaper). Amongst Gay News's early "Special Friends" were Graham Chapman of Monty Python's Flying Circus, his partner David Sherlock, and Antony Grey, secretary of the UK Homosexual Law Reform Society from 1962 to 1970. Sex between men had been partially decriminalised for males over the age of 21 in England and Wales with the passage of the Sexual Offences Act 1967. After the Stonewall Riots in New York in 1969, the Gay Liberation Front spread from the United States to London in 1970. Gay News was the response to a nationwide demand by lesbians and gay men for news of the burgeoning liberation movement. The paper played a pivotal role in the struggle for gay rights in the 1970s in the UK. It was described by Alison Hennegan (who joined the newspaper as Assistant Features Editor and Literary Editor in June 1977) as the movement's "debating chamber". Although essentially a newspaper, reporting alike on discrimination and political and social advances, it also campaigned for further law reform, including parity with the heterosexual age of consent of sixteen, against the hostility of the church which treated homosexuality as a sin, and the medical profession which treated homosexuality as a pathology. It campaigned for equal rights in employment (notably in the controversial area of the teaching profession) and the trades union movement at a time when left politics in the United Kingdom was still historically influenced by its Nonconformist roots in its hostility to homosexuality. But under the influence of its features editors, Howes and Hennegan, it also excavated the lesbian and cultural history of past decades as well as presenting new developments in the arts. Keith Howes later published the encyclopaedic reference, Broadcasting It, ostensibly dealing with homosexuality in film, radio and TV from 1923 to 1993 but amounting to a cultural review of British homosexuality in the 20th century. Two of the paper's news staff, Michael Mason and Graham McKerrow, later founded the London weekly newspaper Capital Gay which was launched in June 1981. Gay News challenged the authorities from the outset by publishing personal contact ads, in defiance of the law; in early editions this section was always headlined "Love knoweth no laws." In the first year of publication, editor Denis Lemon was charged and fined for obstruction, for taking photographs of police behaviour outside the popular leather bar in Earls Court, the Coleherne pub. In September 1973 Gay News, in conjunction with the Gay Liberation Front, recognised that they were receiving a large volume of information calls to their offices. Accordingly, they put out a call for a switchboard to be organised. Six months later, on 4 March 1974, the London Gay Switchboard (now Switchboard - LGBT+ Helpline) was formed. Gay News alongside Switchboard and the Health Education Council went on to hold the first open conference on HIV/AIDS in Britain on 21 May 1983. At this conference Mel Rosen, of Gay Men's Health Crisis, New York, declared "I hope you get very scared today because there is a locomotive coming down the tracks and it's leaving the United States." In 1974, Gay News was charged with obscenity, having published an issue with a cover photograph of two men kissing. It won the court case. The newspaper was featured in the 1975 film Tommy. In 1976 Mary Whitehouse brought a private prosecution of blasphemy (Whitehouse v Lemon) against both the newspaper and its editor, Denis Lemon, over the publication of James Kirkup's poem The Love that Dares to Speak its Name in the issue dated 3 June 1976. Lemon was found guilty when the case came to court in July 1977 and sentenced to a suspended nine-month prison sentence and personally fined £1,000. When all totalled up, fines and court costs awarded against Lemon and Gay News amounted to nearly £10,000. After a campaign and several appeals the suspended prison sentence was dropped, but the conviction remained in force. The case drew enormous media coverage at the time. In 2002 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a play about the trial. Gay News Ltd ceased trading on 15 April 1983. Campaign against W.H. Smith One of the biggest problems the newspaper faced was that, although it was not an obscene publication, sale outlets were hard to find. W.H. Smith then controlled about one-third of the newspaper and magazine distribution in the UK through a wholly owned subsidiary. They rejected the paper's initial request for distribution, citing the low potential for sales. In July 1975, after the paper's readership had grown, W.H. Smith agreed to distribute the paper in its London bookstalls. In January 1978, W.H. Smith dropped Gay News from distribution after a row with the paper over its coverage of the Paedophile Information Exchange. W.H. Smith's action prompted widespread backlash, causing protests outside of its branches and at the firm's Annual General Meeting. In 1982, W.H. Smith again agreed to distribute the paper, noting that its circulation figures of approximately 20,000 copies per issue made it financially attractive. Famous judgments Whitehouse -v- Lemon; Whitehouse -v- Gay News Ltd On Appeal From Regina -v- Lemon[1979] 2 WLR 281 See also Hall-Carpenter archives References External links Gay News Archive Project Alternative press Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom LGBT history in the United Kingdom LGBT-related newspapers published in the United Kingdom Newspapers established in 1972 Publications disestablished in 1983 1972 establishments in the United Kingdom LGBT culture in London 1983 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Underground press 1972 establishments in England
This is a list of video games for the PlayStation 3 video game console that have sold or shipped at least one million copies. As of March 31, 2019, a total of over 999.4million copies of PlayStation 3 software had been sold worldwide. List Notes References PlayStation 3 Best-selling PlayStation 3 video games
Garbowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bytnica, within Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Bytnica, north-east of Krosno Odrzańskie, north-west of Zielona Góra, and south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. References Garbowo
The 1939 St. Louis smog was a severe smog episode that affected St. Louis, Missouri on November 28, 1939. Visibility was so limited that streetlights remained lit throughout the day and motorists needed their headlights to navigate city streets. The problem of pollution control Smoke pollution had been a problem in St. Louis for many decades prior to the event, due to the large-scale burning of bituminous (soft) coal to provide heat and power for homes, businesses and transport. In 1893, the Council passed an ordinance prohibiting the emission of "thick grey smoke within the corporate limits of St. Louis" but was unable to enforce it because of failed legal action taken against Heitzberg Packing and Provision Company, one of the worst corporate offenders. The effectiveness of laws was also limited by the lack of adequate inspection and enforcement. In 1933, the mayor, Bernard F. Dickmann, created a "citizen smoke committee" and appointed his personal secretary Raymond Tucker to take charge of efforts to improve air quality. Early efforts had relied on education such as teaching people how to build cleaner fires – but this had almost no impact. It was soon realized that real improvement would only come about by switching to a cleaner fuel – gas, oil, coke, or anthracite were all considered but ruled out on cost grounds. The alternative was to wash and size the existing soft coal to make it burn hotter and cleaner, and ensure that all coal sold in St. Louis was of this variety. In February 1937 a smoke ordinance was passed creating a "Division of Smoke Regulation in the Department of Public Safety", forcing larger businesses to burn only clean coal and setting standards for smoke emission and inspection. By 1938 emissions from commercial smokestacks had been reduced by two-thirds. Despite some improvement, smoke pollution was still a visible problem since the new law did not cover smaller businesses and domestic users – 97% of homes still used coal. The city council was reluctant to pass further legislation that might alienate voters so the mayor's "enforcer", Tucker, was limited to using persuasion through the press and radio broadcasts. One newspaper in particular, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, became notable for its campaign to persuade residents of the benefits of switching to cleaner forms of coal. The smog episode and its aftermath However, on Tuesday, November 28, 1939, a meteorological temperature inversion trapped emissions from coal burning close to the ground, resulting in "the day the sun didn't shine". A cloud of thick black smoke enveloped St. Louis, far worse than any previously seen in the city. The day came to be known as "Black Tuesday". The smog hung about for nine days over the course of the following month. This proved to be the catalyst that forced the council's hand. New cleaner, affordable supplies of coal (semi-anthracite) were quickly secured from Arkansas in time for the next winter. This, together with a new smoke ordinance, improvements to the efficiency of furnaces and the ongoing public education campaign resulted in a significant and permanent improvement in air quality in the city. See also Donora Smog of 1948 1966 New York City smog Jewel Box (St. Louis, Missouri), a municipal greenhouse that was built because of high smog and soot levels 2013 Eastern China smog 1930 Meuse Valley fog Great Smog of London Pea soup fog References Further reading Tucker, Raymond R. Smoke prevention in St. Louis (Ind. Eng. Chem., 1941, 33 (7), pp 836–839) Earthways Center. In the Air: In a shroud of smoke, Student Booklet 3-6. External links History of Pollution problems. Anti-Smoke Campaign. Smog events 1939 St Louis Smog, 1939 Air pollution in the United States 1939 in the environment saint louis
Zalipais inscripta is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Skeneidae. Description The height of the shell attains 1.2 mm, its diameter 2.2 mm. The minute, very fragile shell has a discoidal shape. It is diaphanous and widely umbilicated. The spire is flat, not rising above the plane of the last whorl. The four whorls are convex, with a gentle antesutural slope. The surface of the shell is smooth and shining, but incremental striae are visible under magnification. The aperture is roundly oval, a little wider than high. The peristome of the holotype is incomplete. Distribution This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria. References Kershaw, R.C. 1955. A systematic list of the Mollusca of Tasmania, Australia. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 89: 289-355 Cotton, B.C. 1959. South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Adelaide : South Australian Government Printer 449 pp. Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1-109 inscripta Gastropods of Australia Gastropods described in 1899
Sohini Sarkar is an Indian Bengali film and television actress. She played the title character in the 2011–2012 TV series Adwitiya. Sarkar made her film debut in the 2013 film Rupkatha Noy. In the same year she acted in the film Phoring. In 2018, she was nominated at Filmfare awards east for best actress in leading role for the film Bibaho Diaries. Filmography Web series Television works References External links Living people Bengali actresses 1985 births
Gulafzo Savriddinova (born 11 September 1947 Isfara, Tajikistan) is a Tajik politician. She graduated from the Agricultural University of Moscow (1969) and the High Political School of Tashkent (1985). She started working as an economist in Shurob in 1969. Gulafzo Savriddinova also served as the head of the Labor Union, as well as serving as a head of the Communist Party and mayor of Isfara District. References Asia Plus, САВРИДДИНОВА Гулафзо Азия Плюс https://web.archive.org/web/20120723024936/http://news.tj/ru/personality/savriddinova-gulafzo Personality By Alphabet. 1947 births Living people Tajikistani economists Tajikistani women economists Soviet economists 20th-century Tajikistani women politicians 20th-century Tajikistani politicians 21st-century economists 21st-century Tajikistani women politicians 21st-century Tajikistani politicians Mayors of places in Tajikistan Women mayors of places in Tajikistan People from Isfara
Bulbophyllum pleurothallopsis is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. References The Bulbophyllum-Checklist The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia pleurothallopsis
Snake River High School is a high school near Blackfoot, Idaho. The school has an enrollment of 553 (2018–19) and Ray Carter is the principal. References External links 2019 Ranking at usnews.com Schools in Bingham County, Idaho Educational institutions in the United States with year of establishment missing Public high schools in Idaho Blackfoot, Idaho
The RS-122 is a Georgian mobile multiple rocket launcher firing 122 mm rockets. It was developed in 2011 and put on production display in February 2012. The RS-122 is a heavily modified version of the Soviet BM-21 Grad. Its main characteristics are the armoured crew cabin (using elements from MRAP and BAE Caiman), improved firing, operational range and accuracy. The vehicle was developed by the state-owned Scientific Technical Centre Delta. Technical characteristics The rocket launcher is designed to defeat personnel, armored targets, artillery batteries, command posts and fortifications. The RS-122 is capable of control fire without the preliminary preparation of a position and exposed crew action, thus minimizing the salvo time and maximizing unit protection. Armor The vehicle's armoured crew cabin provides protection for its five-man crew in accordance to STANAG 4569 level 2 against shell splinter and fragments. Transporter The RS-122 is based on an armored KrAZ-63221 chassis and has an operational range of . Gallery See also BM-21 Grad RM-70 multiple rocket launcher WR-40 Langusta References Multiple rocket launchers Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers Military equipment of Georgia (country) Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s
```xml import React, { useState } from "react"; import { TabTitle, Tabs } from "@erxes/ui/src/components/tabs"; import { INotification } from "../types"; import { IUser } from "@erxes/ui/src/auth/types"; import Icon from "@erxes/ui/src/components/Icon"; import Label from "@erxes/ui/src/components/Label"; import { NotifButton } from "./styles"; import NotificationsLatest from "./NotificationsLatest"; import Popover from "@erxes/ui/src/components/Popover"; import Tip from "@erxes/ui/src/components/Tip"; import { __ } from "@erxes/ui/src/utils"; type Props = { unreadCount: number; notifications: INotification[]; showNotifications: (requireRead: boolean) => void; markAsRead: (notificationIds?: string[]) => void; isLoading: boolean; currentUser?: IUser; }; const Widget = (props: Props) => { const { unreadCount, currentUser, notifications, isLoading, showNotifications, markAsRead, } = props; const popoverProps = { notifications, isLoading, markAsRead, }; const [currentTab, setCurrentTab] = useState("Recent"); const renderUnreadCount = () => { const user = currentUser \|\| { isShowNotification: false }; if (!user.isShowNotification && unreadCount && unreadCount !== 0) { return ( <Label shake={true} ignoreTrans={true}> {unreadCount} </Label> ); } return null; }; const onTabClick = (currentTab) => { setCurrentTab(currentTab); }; const recentOnClick = () => { onTabClick("Recent"); showNotifications(false); }; const unreadOnClick = () => { onTabClick("Unread"); showNotifications(true); }; return ( <Popover trigger={ <NotifButton> <Tip text={__("Notifications")} placement="bottom"> <Icon icon="bell" size={20} /> </Tip> {renderUnreadCount()} </NotifButton> } placement="bottom" className="notification-popover" > <Tabs full={true}> <TabTitle className={currentTab === "Recent" ? "active" : ""} onClick={recentOnClick} > {__("Recent")} </TabTitle> <TabTitle className={currentTab === "Unread" ? "active" : ""} onClick={unreadOnClick} > {__("Unread")} </TabTitle> </Tabs> <NotificationsLatest {...popoverProps} /> </Popover> ); }; export default Widget; ```
Zirka Frometa Castillo (born 7 June 1963) is a Cuban chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM, 2008). She is a three-time winner of the Cuban Women's Chess Championship. Biography From the early 1980s to the mid 2000s, Zirka Frometa was one of the leading chess players in the Cuba. Three times she won the Cuban Women's Chess Championships: 1981, 1983, 1987. In 2008 in San Salvador she won Pan American Women's Championship. Frometa participated twice in the Women's World Chess Championship Interzonal Tournaments: In 1985, at Interzonal Tournament in Havana shared 11th-12th place with Asela de Armas Pérez; In 1987, at Interzonal Tournament in Tuzla ranked 17th place. She played for Cuba in the Women's Chess Olympiads: In 1984, at third board in the 26th Chess Olympiad (women) in Thessaloniki (+6, =1, -4), In 1986, at third board in the 27th Chess Olympiad (women) in Dubai (+8, =2, -2) and won individual bronze medal, In 1988, at second board in the 28th Chess Olympiad (women) in Thessaloniki (+7, =2, -4), In 1990, at first reserve board in the 29th Chess Olympiad (women) in Novi Sad (+7, =0, -4), In 1994, at third board in the 31st Chess Olympiad (women) in Moscow (+4, =1, -5), In 2002, at third board in the 35th Chess Olympiad (women) in Bled (+3, =2, -5). In 1979, Frometa was awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title and received the FIDE Woman Grandmaster (WGM) in 2008. References External links 1963 births Living people Sportspeople from Santiago de Cuba Cuban female chess players Cuban chess players Chess woman grandmasters Chess Olympiad competitors
Mărgău (; ) is a commune in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bociu (Bocs), Buteni (Kalotabökény), Ciuleni (Incsel), Mărgău, Răchițele (Havasrekettye) and Scrind-Frăsinet (Kőrizstető). Răchițele village is the birthplace of former Romanian Prime Minister Emil Boc, currently Mayor of Cluj-Napoca, while Mărgău village is the birthplace of Iosif Capotă, a noted anti-communist resistance fighter from the early Communist era. Mărgău is notable for the Gumuțeasca, an argot spoken in the commune created by the natives to speak between each other without outsiders understanding them when travelling around the country to sell their glass products, a traditional profession of the commune. Geography Mărgău is in an area dominated by the . Demographics According to the census from 2002 there was a total population of 1,869 people living in this commune. Of this population, 99.62% are ethnic Romanians, 0.26% are ethnic Hungarians and 0.10% ethnic Romani. Natives Emil Boc Iosif Capotă References Atlasul localităților județului Cluj (Cluj County Localities Atlas), Suncart Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, Communes in Cluj County Localities in Transylvania
Ronald Scott (born July 21, 1960) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. Scott played 28 games in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers and the Los Angeles Kings between 1984 and 1990. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1983 to 1991, was spent in the minor leagues. Amateur career Scott played for the Cornwall Royals in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, and also with Michigan State University in the NCAA. Professional career Scott began his professional career playing in the Central Hockey League with the Tulsa Oilers. He was member of the Oilers team that suspended operations on February 16, 1984, playing only road games for final six weeks of 1983–84 season. Despite this adversity, the team went on to win the league's championship. Scott went on to play 28 games in the NHL with the New York Rangers and Los Angeles Kings. He also played in the American Hockey League with the New Haven Nighthawks, and in the International Hockey League with the Colorado/Denver Rangers. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs Awards and honours References External links 1960 births Living people AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Canadian ice hockey goaltenders Colorado Rangers players Cornwall Royals players Denver Rangers players Ice hockey people from Guelph Los Angeles Kings players Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey players New Haven Nighthawks players New York Rangers players Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players Undrafted National Hockey League players
Sadbhav Engineering Limited (SEL) is an Indian civil engineering and construction company headquartered in Ahmedabad. Founded in 1988 by Vishnubhai M. Patel, the company has implemented projects in the construction of roads & highways, bridges, mining and irrigation-supporting infrastructure. The company worked for clients including NHAI, DMRC, Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam, Coal India, L&T, HCC, Punj Lloyd and various others. Sadbhav Engineering is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) since 2001. As of August 2021, the market capitalization of the company stood at ₹1,058 crore. Projects Sadbhav Engineering, along with its subsidiary, Sadbhav Infrastructure Project Limited (SIPL) has executed some notable civil engineering as well as road and other infrastructure BOT projects: Ahmedabad-Dholera Expressway Eastern Peripheral Expressway (EPE) Yamunanagar Panchkula (Haryana) Mysore Bellary (Karnataka) Managuli to Devapura cross (Bijapur district and Yadagiri district ) Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited Canal Project Udaipur - Nathdwara Shrinath Ji tollway Jodhpur Ringroad Narmada River Main Canal Excavations for Vastan Mines of Gujarat Industries Power Corporation Limited (GIPCL) Sambalpur-Rourkela Road National Highway 8A from Samakhiyali to Bhachau in Gujarat National Highway 3 from Dhule to Madhya Pradesh Ranchi Ring Road National highway from Bhavnagar to Somnath See also Larsen & Toubro Punj Lloyd References Companies based in Ahmedabad Companies based in Gujarat Construction and civil engineering companies of India Indian companies established in 1988 Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1988 1988 establishments in Gujarat Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
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Dompierre-sur-Helpe (, literally Dompierre on Helpe) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. Heraldry See also Communes of the Nord department References Dompierresurhelpe
```javascript universe.milkyway.solarsystem ```
Brady Watt is an American record producer, bass player, and bandleader. In his career he has performed with a number of high-profile artists and ensembles and has taken part in thousands of recording sessions. He is currently based in Harlem, New York City. Early life and career Brady Watt's music career started around age 14, playing bass in various groups in the New England punk scene. Before this he was a hip hop fan, growing up on Wu-Tang Clan, A Tribe Called Quest, Gang Starr, and others. His musicality evolved at a very fast rate under the tutelage of a few mentors and as he discovered and assimilated new styles such as various world music, funk, and fusion. He moved to Brooklyn where he began mastering his craft by playing with a who's who of legendary musicians and artists in the city and around the world. It didn't take long for him to rise in the ranks of New York musicians and become one of the most sought-after session bass players and performers in the city. While carving his name into the scene as an A-List bass player Brady was soaking up knowledge from all the producers he was working with. His inclination was to keep it moving to the next level and start producing records on his own. His skills as a multi-instrumentalist (bass, keys, guitar, and drums) and a finely tuned taste for drum production and music synthesis/soundscaping made this move only natural. Watts has a series on youtube called "Bass & Bars", where he plays bass alongside rappers. Through the series he has worked and jammed with such artists including Warren G, Marc Rebillet, Melanie Fiona, Talib Kweli, Murs (rapper), Xzibit, Pharoahe Monch. Krayzie Bone, Maino, Smooth B of Nice & Smooth, among others. Discography Published and collaborated works as bass player Pilot Talk Curren$y (July 13, 2010) Live: From Brooklyn Bowl Bluroc Artists (July 13, 2010) George Kush The Button Smoke DZA (August 4, 2010) 24 Hour Karate School Ski Beatz (Sep 21, 2010) Save Bewler Rugz D. Bewler (Oct 19, 2010) Pilot Talk II Curren$y (November 22, 2010) Super Villain Reign Supreme Trademark da Skydiver (Nov 23, 2010) Gutter Rainbows Talib Kweli (January 25, 2011) 24 Hour Karate School 2 Ski Beatz (August 9, 2011) The Summer Years Tabi Bonney (Sep 27, 2011) Love and Rockets MURS (Oct 11, 2011) Habits of The Heart Talib Kweli (with Res as Idle Warship) (November 1, 2011) Embedded Locksmith (rapper) (Nov 15, 2011) Live: At The Bitter End (with Olamide Faison) (Dec 2011) Twilight Ski Beatz (Jan 2012) You, Me, and Everyone We Know Jean Grae (SINGLE) (Jan 2, 2012) Attack The Block Talib Kweli (Sep 3, 2012) Bars On Me Chris Webby x DJ Drama (Sep 30, 2012) Museum Rashad (Feb 19, 2013) Prisoner of Conscious Talib Kweli (May 7, 2013) Omni Love Decap (August 9, 2013) Coke, Jack, and Cadillacs Ro James(Sep 22, 2013) Gravitas Talib Kweli (December 15, 2013) The Green Box Locksmith (rapper) (2013) Jaded Jade De La Fleur (Jan 21, 2014) Thousand Cuts Locksmith (rapper) (April 15, 2014) What Goes Around Statik Selektah (August 2014) Lost For Words Sunny Pache (October 29, 2014) B4.DA.$$ Joey Badass (Jan 20, 2015) Published works as producer Decap and Brady Watt (March 1, 2013) Cows Come Home Spose - Produced by Decap and Brady Watt (2013) Coke, Jack, and Cadillacs Ro James (Sep 22, 2013) Sunny Pache (Single) (2013) Jaded Jade De La Fleur (Jan 21, 2014) Qi Decap and Brady Watt (April 14, 2014) The Outsiders Smoke DZA and RFC (Nov 18, 2014) LIFETRONICS Brady Watt (Feb 12, 2015) Holy Mountain Spirituals Brady Watt (EP) (May 2015) The Seven Talib Kweli & Styles P (Apr 14, 2017) Notes References 1986 births Living people People from Nashua, New Hampshire Record producers from New Hampshire Record producers from New York (state) People from Harlem 21st-century American bass guitarists
Dr. Diwan Singh Kalepani (12 May 1897 – 14 January 1944) was a Punjabi poet. He participated in the Indian freedom movement and the Non-cooperation movement in the 1920s. He wrote poetry in free verse and composed two volumes of poetry: Vagde Pani (‘Running Waters’) in 1938, and Antim Lehran (‘Winding Waves’) which was published posthumously in 1962. His poetry often revolved around criticism of the British Raj and of organized religion. Diwan Singh Kalepani passed his Matriculation in 1916 and in 1921 he got the diploma in Medical Service from Agra and joined the Medical Corps of the Indian Army. The most important period of life began when he was transferred to Rangoon in British Burma, from where he was transferred to the Andaman Islands in 1927 to a school where students were taught Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Punjabi. In the Gurudwara, Diwan Singh used to recite his poems and discuss with Indian people the problems of slavery and freedom. During the Second World War when Japan occupied the Andamans in 1942, Diwan Singh could not get reconcile to it. The Japanese officers ordered him to make a speech against the Britishers on the Penang Radio, but Diwan Singh declined. He also refused to let the local Gurdwara be used by the Japanese soldiers as a place where they entertained themselves. He was arrested in 1943 by the Japanese. The remaining 65 members of Punjabi Sabha were also put behind the bars. After about six months of torture, he was butchered along with other members of the Punjabi Sabha. Diwan Singh's collection of poems Vagade pani (Flowing water) was published in 1938 and his second collection Antim Lehran (Last tides) was published posthumously. Diwan Singh was not interested in conventional poetry and wrote in romantic-satirical free-verses on which Puran Singh's influence can also be seen. His scientific outlook made his poetry deep and intellectual. He believed in the direct poetry, very much like Puran Singh, and thus, strengthened the trend for succeeding generation of poets. References Punjabi-language poets 1894 births 1944 deaths British Indian Army soldiers 20th-century Indian poets Indian torture victims Executed Indian people People executed by Japanese occupation forces 20th-century executions by Japan Indian male poets People from Agra Poets from Uttar Pradesh 20th-century Indian male writers
Chwalibogowo (German 1939-1945 Dietrichsfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Września, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Września and east of the regional capital Poznań. The oldest known mention of the village comes from 1335. Chwalibogowo was a private village, owned by various Polish nobles. In the 19th century most of the populace adhered to the Catholic Church, with small Protestant and Jewish minorities. The last pre-war owner of the local palace was Polish Colonel . During the German occupation (World War II), many inhabitants were killed in battles, and in 1942 one Polish resident was executed and eight were deported to forced labour camps for helping Russian soldiers, who were prisoners of war according to German sources. The Chwalibogowo Palace is the main landmark of the village. There is also a train stop, an elementary school and a culture centre in the village. References Villages in Września County
The Williamsport Sandstone is a sandstone geologic formation in West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. the formation includes the Cedar Creek Limestone member. Near Cumberland, Maryland it includes the Cedar Creek Limestone member. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period. See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in West Virginia References Silurian Maryland Silurian West Virginia Silurian geology of Virginia Silurian southern paleotemperate deposits
```c /++ version 3. Alternative licensing terms are available. Contact info@minocacorp.com for details. See the LICENSE file at the root of this project for complete licensing information. Module Name: crash.c Abstract: This module implements support for the unfortunate event of a fatal system error. Author: Evan Green 25-Sep-2012 Environment: Kernel --/ // // your_sha256_hash--- Includes // #include <minoca/kernel/kernel.h> #include <minoca/kernel/kdebug.h> #include "kep.h" // // your_sha256_hash Definitions // // // ------------------------------------------------------ Data Type Definitions // // // ----------------------------------------------- Internal Function Prototypes // // // your_sha256_hash---- Globals // // // your_sha256_hash-- Functions // KERNEL_API VOID KeCrashSystemEx ( ULONG CrashCode, PCSTR CrashCodeString, ULONGLONG Parameter1, ULONGLONG Parameter2, ULONGLONG Parameter3, ULONGLONG Parameter4 ) /++ Routine Description: This routine officially takes the system down after a fatal system error has occurred. This function does not return. Arguments: CrashCode - Supplies the reason for the system crash. CrashCodeString - Supplies the string corresponding to the given crash code. This parameter is generated by the macro, and should not be filled in directly. Parameter1 - Supplies an optional parameter regarding the crash. Parameter2 - Supplies an optional parameter regarding the crash. Parameter3 - Supplies an optional parameter regarding the crash. Parameter4 - Supplies an optional parameter regarding the crash. Return Value: None. This function does not return. --/ { KSTATUS Status; KeRaiseRunLevel(RunLevelHigh); // // TODO: Freeze all processors before writing crash dump. // ArDisableInterrupts(); RtlDebugPrint("\n\n" "********************************************************" "*******************\n" " " " \n" " Fatal System Error " " \n" " " " \n" "*******************************************************" "********************\n\n" "Error Code: %s (0x%x)\n" "Parameter1: 0x%08I64x\n" "Parameter2: 0x%08I64x\n" "Parameter3: 0x%08I64x\n" "Parameter4: 0x%08I64x\n\n", CrashCodeString, CrashCode, Parameter1, Parameter2, Parameter3, Parameter4); KdBreak(); // // Proceed to attempt writing a crash dump to disk. If this succeeds then // reset the system. // Status = KepWriteCrashDump(CrashCode, Parameter1, Parameter2, Parameter3, Parameter4); // // TODO: Remove the forced failure when crash dumps are finished. // Status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL; if (KSUCCESS(Status)) { KdDisconnect(); Status = HlResetSystem(SystemResetWarm, NULL, 0); KdConnect(); RtlDebugPrint("System reset unsuccessful: %d\n", Status); } // // Spin forever. // while (TRUE) { KdBreak(); } } // // --------------------------------------------------------- Internal Functions // ```
The 1990–91 IHL season was the 46th season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. The season started with 11 team, falling to 10 when Albany Choppers folded in February 1991. The Peoria Rivermen won the Turner Cup. Regular season Turner Cup-Playoffs External links Season 1990/91 on hockeydb.com IHL International Hockey League (1945–2001) seasons

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