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Luc-Marie Bayle (30 January 1914, Malo-les-Bains – 11 October 2000, Paris) was a French naval officer, painter, and artist.
Career
Military
Bayle began his military career in 1932 when he entered the École Navale. After promotion he sailed on various ships and conducted campaigns to China and Africa. After attending further marine school training in Lorient, Bayle completed two missions, one in 1948 the other in 1949, to Adélie Land on the Commandant Charcot for which he became the on-board photographer, historian, and official painter. He commanded the French Navy in Polynesia from 1956 to 1958. In 1975 he was elected to the Académie de Marine.
Museum and historical work
In 1954 Bayle created a large model aircraft carrier on the Seine in order to demonstrate the complexity of the equipment and electronics involved. He was the director of the Musée national de la Marine in Paris from 1972 to 1980 and created the concept of a "port-museum", especially in Port-Louis, near Lorient. He was particularly interested in historic ships such as the Großherzogin Elisabeth, a three-masted war-damaged ship which was brought back to Brest in 1946 and renamed the Duchesse Anne. After serving in the Navy the ship sank into neglect. After an initial restoration project funded by the Port-Louis museum, Bayle launched a new call for the rescue of the Duchess Anne in February 1979, deeming her condition to be critical. It was ultimately Dunkirk that restored the ship in 1980/81, where it remains on display. Bayle founded the French maritime heritage preservation association "AMERAMI" in 1975.
Artistry
Bayle drew and painted, mostly in watercolors, beginning with his first expedition to China where he developed his talent in this discipline. Other locations included in this collection are Tahiti, Moorea, Bora Bora and Mangareva, as well as the less frequented Île Saint-Paul, Macquarie Island, Kerguelen Islands, and the Balleny Islands. His works are complemented by rag sewn tapestries, posters, and advertisements. He also illustrated many books.
Bayle was appointed Peintre de la Marine in 1944. After the war ended he received an order for a tapestry for the officers of the Rue Royale. Due to his lack of funds, the Naval police provided him with a bundle of material and a team of seamstresses to perform the work. In the 1948 mission to Adélie Land, Commander Max Jacques Henri Douguet accepted Bayle on board with the prevision that he learn how to use a film camera. During the three months of travel Bayle not only learned how to film, he also composed a tapestry commemorating the arrival of Jules Dumont d'Urville to the territory in 1840. In addition to writing a diary covering the first two Adélie Land expeditions, Bayle wrote Le Voyage de la Nouvelle Incomprise recounting the same events. From 1960 to 1972, with Hervé Baille Bayle, he created a publishing company (B & B). After designing the logo for the legendary ship Calypso, he conceived and designed the crystal sword used for Jacques Cousteau's official Académie française reception in 1989.
Legacy
On 1 January 2003, the Universal Postal Union issued a stamp in his honour.
Awards
Officier de la Légion d'honneur
Officier du Ordre du Mérite Maritime
Officier des Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Works
Illustrated books
Marcelle Vioux, Jeanne d'Arc, 1942
Jean Variot, Les Coursiers de Sainte-Hélène, 1944
Pierre Dubard, Le Charcot et La Terre Adélie, France Empire, 1951
Jacques Mordal, La Marine en bois, Paris, Fayard, 1975
Bibliography
Luc-Marie Bayle, Chemin de Croix, Paris : ed. Lahure, 1943
Luc-Marie Bayle, in collaboration with Pierre Dubard, Le Charcot et la Terre Adélie, Paris : France-Empire, 1951
Luc-Marie Bayle, Le Voyage de la Nouvelle-Incomprise, Paris : ed. Ozanne, 1953
Luc-Marie Bayle, Les corvettes FNFL, Paris : Service historique de la marine, 1966
Luc-Marie Bayle, in collaboration with Hervé Cras, La Marine en bois, Paris : Fayard, 1978
Luc-Marie Bayle, Mathurin Méheut, Rennes : Éd. Ouest-France, 1984
Film
Bayle directed and edited a 25 minute film depicting the 1948 and 1949 Adélie Land missions. The film is held at ECPAD.
Notes
References
Gwen Douguet, Cap sur la Terre Adélie, premières expéditions polaires françaises (1948-1951) , Brest, éditions le Télégramme, 2007, ()
External links
Musée national de la Marine exposition De Brest en Terre Adélie - photographs by Luc-Marie Bayle
1914 births
2000 deaths
People from Dunkirk
Artists from Hauts-de-France
French male painters
French illustrators
Peintres de la Marine
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French Navy officers
Officiers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Officers of the Ordre du Mérite Maritime |
The prime minister, literally the minister of state (), is the head of government of Monaco, being appointed by and subordinate to the Prince of Monaco. During their term of office, the officeholder is responsible for directing the work of the government and in charge of foreign relations. As the monarch's representative, the prime minister also presides (with voting powers) over the Council of Government, directs the executive services and commands the police and military.
Since 1 September 2020, Pierre Dartout has been the prime minister.
History of the office
The office was created in 1911 with the adoption of Monaco's constitution. Until the revision of the constitution of 2002, the prime minister had to be a French citizen, selected from several senior civil servants proposed by the French government. Since 2002, the prime minister can be either French or Monegasque and is chosen and appointed by the monarch, after consultation with the French government.
List of officeholders
See also
Politics of Monaco
Monarchy of Monaco
List of rulers of Monaco
References
External links
World Statesmen – Monaco
Monaco, Minister of State
Politics of Monaco
Government of Monaco
Minister of State
Monaco
1911 establishments in Monaco
Monaco politics-related lists |
The Matadors were a beat band from Prague, Czechoslovakia active between 1965 and 1968, and intermittently between 1991 and 2008. Their most memorable lineup consisted of Otto Bezloja (bass guitar), Radim Hladík (lead guitar), Jan "Farmer" Obermayer (organ), Miroslav "Tony Black" Schwarz (drums), Karel Kahovec (vocals, rhythm guitar), and Vladimír Mišík (vocals, blues harp). The latter two were replaced in 1966 by ex-Flamengo vocalist Viktor Sodoma. The Matadors released only one studio album during their career, the 1968 self-titled The Matadors, shortly before the band's breakup.
Career
The Matadors originally formed in early 1965 under the name Fontána. The band had coalesced a year prior from two other groups: Pra-Be ("Praha - Berlín"), made up of Czechoslovak and German students, and Komety. Pra-Be gave Fontana bassist Otto Bezloja and organist Jan "Farmer" Obermayer, while guitarist Radim Hladík and vocalist Vladimír Mišík came from Komety.
Fontána's manager and former drummer, Wilfried Jelinek, who had been replaced on drum duties by Miroslav "Tony Black" Schwarz, secured the band a promotional deal with Demusa, an East German manufacturer of sound equipment and music instruments. Since the group began to use an electronic organ named Matador, they changed their name accordingly, to promote it. The Matadors performed exclusively in East Germany until April 1966, their live repertoire consisting mostly of cover versions of songs by beat groups such as the Who, the Kinks, or the Small Faces.
In the spring of 1966, the group returned to Czechoslovakia and took on a second vocalist and guitarist, Karel Kahovec. Later that year, Mišík left to perform military service. Kahovec also departed the band, joining Flamengo, whose vocalist, Viktor Sodoma, traded places with him in the Matadors.
The most successful Matadors lineup split up in the summer of 1968, shortly after releasing their debut studio album, the self-titled The Matadors. The group had received an offer to perform as the house band on a German edition of the musical Hair. Hladík, Obermayer, and Sodoma refused the offer and chose to leave instead. They were replaced by ex-Komety lead singer Miloš "Reddy" Vokurka, Jiří Matoušek on keyboards, and Petr Netopil and Michail Vračko on guitars. Together with Otto Bezloja and Tony Black, the band moved to Munich. In the early 1970s, the nucleus of that band evolved into the Germany-based progressive rock group Emergency.
Radim Hladík went on to establish Blue Effect (later also known as Modrý Efekt or M Efekt) with the original Matadors lead singer, Vladimír Mišík. Jan Obermayer joined Petr Novák's George and Beatovens. Viktor Sodoma pursued a solo career as a pop singer, backed by various groups and orchestras. Best remembered was his 1971–1973 collaboration with Shut Up, later known as the František Ringo Čech Group, with whom he recorded numerous "bubble-gum" singles and one side of his only solo album.
The Matadors reunited in 1991 and made rare public appearances until 2008.
Otto Bezloja died in 2001, Radim Hladík in 2016.
Band members
Wilfried Jelinek – drums
Otto Bezloja – bass guitar
Radim Hladík – lead guitar
Jan "Farmer" Obermayer – organ
Vladimír Mišík – vocals, rhythm guitar, blues harp
Miroslav "Tony Black" Schwarz – drums
Karel Kahovec – vocals, rhythm guitar
Viktor Sodoma – vocals
Miloš Vokurka – vocals
Jiří Matoušek – keyboards
Petr Netopil – guitar
Michail Vračko – guitar
Discography
The Matadors (EP, 1966)
The Matadors (EP, 1967)
The Matadors (LP, 1968)
Matadors Live 1966 (Live album, 2008)
Classic (Compilation, 2010)
References
External links
Vladimír Mišík's official website
Jan F. Obermeyer's official website
Detailed discography of The Matadors
Beat groups
Czech rock music groups
Musical groups established in 1965
Czechoslovak Big Beat groups and musicians
Czech rhythm and blues groups
Czech blues musical groups
1965 establishments in Czechoslovakia
Musical groups disestablished in 1968
Musical groups reestablished in 1991
Musical groups disestablished in 2008 |
Invictarx (meaning "unconquerable fortress") is a monospecific genus of nodosaurid dinosaur from New Mexico that lived during the Late Cretaceous (lower Campanian, 78.5 Ma) in what is now the upper Allison Member of the Menefee Formation. The type and only species, Invictarx zephyri, is known from three isolated, incomplete postcranial skeletons. It was named in 2018 by Andrew T. McDonald and Douglas G. Wolfe. Invictarx shares similarities with Glyptodontopelta from the Naashoibito member of the Ojo Alamo Formation, New Mexico.
Discovery and naming
In May 2011, an incomplete postcranial skeleton of an ankylosaur was discovered from the upper Allison Member of the Menefee Formation, San Juan Basin by Dan Williamson. A second incomplete postcranial skeleton was discovered in October 2011 by Andrew T. McDonald while a third specimen was discovered in October 2015 by Keith Brockmann. The specimens were subsequently named and described in 2018 by Andrew T. McDonald and Douglas G. Wolfe.
The holotype specimen, WSC 16505, consists of fragments of a dorsal rib, complete or partial identifiable osteoderms, and fragments of additional osteoderms. Two other specimens were referred to Invictarx: UMNH VP 28350, dorsal vertebrae, fragments of dorsal ribs, distal end of humerus, distal end of ulna, proximal ends of radii, incomplete metacarpal, numerous incomplete osteoderms, and fragments of additional osteoderms; and UMNH VP 28351, dorsal centra, fragments of dorsal ribs, numerous incomplete osteoderms, and fragments of additional osteoderms. The three specimens are housed at the Western Science Center, California and Natural History Museum of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
The generic name, Invictarx, is derived from the Latin words "invictus" (invincible or unconquerable) and "arx" (fortress), in reference to the fact that Invictarx, like all other ankylosaurs, were well-armoured. The specific name, zephyri, is derived from is the genitive form of the Greek noun Zephyrus, meaning (of the) western wind, referring to the "blustery conditions that prevail among the outcrops where the specimens were discovered".
Description
Distinguishing traits
McDonald & Wolfe (2018) diagnosed Invictarx based on the cervical or pectoral, thoracic, and pelvic osteoderms exhibiting an overall smooth surface texture, with little to no projecting rugosity, with abundant pits distributed randomly over the entire external surface, and with no neurovascular grooves or a small number of bifurcating and non-bifurcating neurovascular grooves distributed randomly, a feature similar to Glyptodontopelta; thoracic osteoderms exhibit a low, rounded keel with a deep groove extending craniocaudally along the apex, similar to Anodontosaurus and Platypelta; and the presence of possible a co-ossified pelvic shield that consists of polygonal osteoderms of uniform size, similar to Nodosaurus, Stegopelta, Glyptodontopelta, Europelta and Aletopelta.
Postcrania
The dorsal vertebrae are incomplete but well-preserved as one vertebrae consists of the centrum while the other two vertebrae preserve the base of the neural arch and partial prezygapophyses. Based on Sauropelta and Europelta, the vertebrae are identified as middle dorsal vertebrae, although there are no indications of ribs fused to the three dorsal vertebrae. The dorsal vertebrae have the cranial and caudal faces only slightly concave. Both the cranial and caudal surfaces are sub circular. The neural arch forms a right angle with the long axis of the centrum as it rises vertically from the craniodorsal margin of the centrum. The vertebrae possess parapophyses that are distinct and are rugose swellings on the sides of the neural arch. The prezygapophyses are joined towards the underside and form a short parapet on the neural arch. As in the nodosaurids Sauropelta, Europelta, Silvisaurus and Struthiosaurus austriacus, the neural canal is ellipse-shaped with its axis oriented towards the upper edge and sides.
All of the appendicular elements incomplete and poorly preserved. Although the distal end of the left humerus is crushed, the ulnar condyle was larger than the radial condyle. As in other nodosaurids, the radial condyle was sub spherical shaped and matches the circular shape of the proximal end of the radius. The distal end of the ulna is broken and in poor condition. The distal ends of the ulnae resemble those of Sauropelta and Niobrarasaurus. The left radius consist of only a fragment while the right radius is more complete. The fragment of the left radius reveals little about the element’s morphology. The proximal articulation surface of the radii are shallowly concave and circular. In cross-section, the shaft of the radii are sub circular. The sides of the shaft of the radius forms an almost flat surface to articulate with the ulna. A metacarpal assigned to one of the referred specimens lacks the proximal and distal ends, and the morphology, orientation, and placement of the metacarpal is unknown.
Osteoderms
One of the osteoderms associated with the holotype specimen is identified as a possible right medial pectoral or cervical osteoderm with a medial margin based on the medial pectoral osteoderms of Edmontonia, Panoplosaurus and Glyptodontopelta. The osteoderm is broken along the cranial and side margins, and pertains a rectangular or subrectangular shape. The cervical or pectoral osteoderm preserves margins that are rugose and small projecting bumps with abundant neurovascular pits. The osteoderm is 1.8 cm thick and gradually thins towards the margins where it attains a thickness of 0.6 cm. The basal surface of the osteoderm has visible structural fibres and has an abrupt transition from pitted and rugose to pitted and smooth texture. Another osteoderm referred to the holotype was identified as being a cervical or pectoral osteoderm based on Glyptodontopelta as both possess a straight, sharp keel that is dorsally convex toward its cranial end. The osteoderm possesses a cranial that is gently convex as in Glyptodontopelta. The keel of the osteoderm has a thickness of 2.2 cm and thins to only 0.6 cm. Both of the pectoral osteoderms that are assigned to the holotype have a smooth external surface with no rugosity and numerous, randomly distributed, small pits, although one of the osteoderms larger pits that are present along the apex of the keel while the other has minuscule, smaller pits. An osteoderm from the left side of the second cervical half-ring was also identified from the holotype specimen and is nearly complete. The cervical half-ring osteoderm is more oval in shape than the other osteoderms. The osteoderm has a keel that is strongly laterally offset, as in Edmontonia. Two fragments referred to UMNH VP 28350 were identified as being partial components of the cervical or pectoral half-rings. One of the fragments probably represents the middle or side margin of a broad, rounded plate, while the other fragment is a semi-circular piece. The texture of the fragments are consistent with the texture of the osteoderms referred to the holotype specimen. The osteoderm lacks a keel and resembles the portion of one of the cervical or pectoral osteoderms assigned to the holotype, which suggests that the osteoderm is also a distal osteoderm of the second cervical half-ring. A broad, thick plate assigned to UMNH VP 28351 likely pertains to one of the cervical/pectoral half-rings. The caudal margin of the osteoderm comes to a rounded protrusion, which is also present in Panoplosaurus, Edmontonia and Glyptodontopelta. The osteoderm preserves short, non-branching grooves on patches of surface texture. Another pectoral or cervical osteoderm referred to UMNH VP 28351 is unlike any of the osteoderms referred to Invictarx. The osteoderm is broken on all sides and is covered in siderite, which obscures the external surface texture. The morphology of the osteoderm is similar to the bases of the cervical/pectoral and thoracic spines of Edmontonia.
One of the thoracic osteoderms referred to the holotype has a moderately rugose caudal margin and the offset of the keel indicates that the osteoderm was positioned on the sides. The surface texture of the thoracic osteoderms is consistent with the cervical and pectoral osteoderms. Another thoracic osteoderm is similar in shape but has a low, rounded, and poorly defined keel. The thoracic osteoderm has a “split” morphology, with a deep, sharply defined groove extending craniocaudally along the apex of the keel which differs the osteoderm from those of other nodosaurids. This osteoderms, along with another thoracic osteoderms assigned to one of the referred specimens, has a smooth, copiously pitted external surface texture that continues uninterrupted into a groove, which is also seen in Anodontosaurus and Platypelta. The osteoderms shows a similar surface texture to the other osteoderms in the holotype specimen. The most complete thoracic osteoderm is small compared to the other osteoderms referred to the holotype and is only 5.1 cm wide. An osteoderm referred to UMNH VP 28350 was probably located near the midline of Invictarx based on the apparent symmetry and may have been a craniocaudally elongate element as osteoderms referred to Europelta. Two partial osteoderms referred to the same specimen were positioned towards the sides in life based on the offset keels and pronounces keels that make the cross-sections shaped like scalene triangles. UMNH VP 28351 preserves four morphotypes of thoracic osteoderms and are also represented among the osteoderms of the holotype specimen and UMNH VP 28350. The first morphotype includes two partial osteoderms that are very thick with flat bases and sharp, prominent midline keels. The two osteoderms would have been situated near the midline of Invictarx based on the midline positions of the keels. The second morphotype consists of more laterally positioned osteoderms with offset keels and are the most abundant class of osteoderm in UMNH VP 28351. The third morphotype includes one osteoderm which exhibits a deep groove extending craniocaudally along the apex of the keel. The osteoderm is similar to a thoracic osteoderm referred to the holotype and both share nearly flat bases, smooth external surface texture with numerous pits, and a low, rounded keel. The fourth morphotype is represented by numerous flat, thin osteoderms that have highly rugose margins.
Two fragments from the pelvic region assigned to UMNH VP 28350 have a flat external and basal surfaces with small pits. The fragments do not become thinner toward the margins and, instead, has a constant thickness. Compared to the margins of the cervical or pectoral and thoracic osteoderms, the pelvic osteoderm fragments have extremely thick margins. The osteoderm fragments are similar in morphology to the pelvic osteoderms of Glyptodontopelta based on the flat external and basal surfaces, and thick, non-tapering margins. An incomplete osteoderm belonging to UMNH VP 28351 is similar to the polygonal osteoderms that comprise the pelvic shield of Aletopelta and some nodosaurids. As in UMNH VP 28350, the pelvic osteoderm referred to UMNH VP 28351 bears a close resemblance to the pelvic osteoderms of Glyptodontopelta. Invictarx likely had a pelvic shield consisting of co-ossified polygonal osteoderms based on the similarities with the osteoderms of Stegopelta and Glyptodontopelta.
Paleoenvironment
Invictarx is known from the upper Allison Member of the Menefee Formation which has been dated to the lower Campanian stage, 78.5 Ma. The Menefee Formation represents a widespread alluvial floodplain and consists of mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and coal. The sandstones that comprises the Menefee Formation that are fixed within carbonaceous shales of coastal swamp or lagoon origin and are thought to have been created by flood tidal deltas that north and east across New Mexico and towards the retreating Western Interior Seaway.
Invictarx was contemporaneous with an indeterminate ankylosaur, the tyrannosaurid theropod Dynamoterror, an indeterminate hadrosaurid, the centrosaurine ceratopsid Menefeeceratops, the brachylophosaurin hadrosaurid Ornatops, an indeterminate tyrannosaurid, and a dromaeosaurid similar to Saurornitholestes. Non-dinosaur taxa contemporaneous with Invictarx include an indeterminate crocodylian, the alligatoroids Brachychampsa and Deinosuchus, an indeterminate baenid turtle, an indeterminate turtle, and an indeterminate trionychid turtle.
See also
2018 in paleontology
Timeline of ankylosaur research
References
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
Ankylosaurs
Fossil taxa described in 2018
Campanian life
Ornithischian genera |
Jeffrey Alan Lucas (born May 30, 1964) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at West Virginia University. In his career he played in and started three games for the Steelers in the 1987 season.
References
1964 births
Living people
American football offensive tackles
West Virginia Mountaineers football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Bergen County, New Jersey
Sportspeople from Hackensack, New Jersey |
José Manuel Sulantay Silva (3 April 1940 – 20 July 2023) was a Chilean football player and manager. He notably managed the Chile U20 and Chile U17 national team, leading the Chile U20 to a third-place finish at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada. At a FIFA level, Sulantay is Chile's second most successful coach after Fernando Riera.
Playing career
Sulantay was born in Coquimbo, Chile. As a youth player, he was with Atlético El Llano from his hometown. At professional level, he officially debuted with Deportes La Serena in 1957. There, he highlighted as right back or right wing. This allowed him being called to Chilean national U-20 team that participated in the 1958 South American Championship held in his country.
After losing with Serena the 1959 Copa Chile final against Santiago Wanderers, in 1960 he achieved with the team that season's Copa Chile edition. Equally, in 1959 he was the cup's top scorer with six goals alongside Juan Soto ―from Colo-Colo― and Héctor Torres from Magallanes.
Managerial career
Early seasons: 1976–1989
After being promoted to Coquimbo Unido's first adult team by Enrique Hormazábal (nicknamed «Cuá-cuá»), he was the manager of both Coquimbo Unido and Deportes La Serena for twelve years.
Cobreloa
In 1992, he achieved a Primera División de Chile title with the club.
Chile youth teams: 2003–2007
During 2007 FIFA Youth World Cup, on 20 June, his team was involved in a clash with the Canadian police after the players tried to cross security barriers to meet with fans, conflict that even extended to Harold Mayne-Nicholls —president of the ANFP— who was beaten by Toronto's police. These events even transcended beyond football by provoking complaints from the President Michelle Bachelet, the Chilean consul in Toronto and Human Rights Watch director José Miguel Vivanco. Days later also FIFA president Joseph Blatter condemned the violence from Canadian police.
After Chile U20's performance in 2007 FIFA Youth World Cup, he was the candidate to replace Nelson Acosta in the adult national team. Nevertheless, on 30 July, he officially declined. Likewise, according to journalist Francisco Sagredo, this option didn't prosper because Sulantay would have broken the confidentiality pact by telling this possibility to media.
Municipal Iquique
On 5 January 2008, he joined Primera B side Municipal Iquique.
On 11 September 2008, he renounced to Iquique's bench.
Return to Coquimbo
In early 2010, it was reported that he rejoined Coquimbo Unido.
Return to Cobreloa
On 20 January 2017, he was appointed new coach of Cobreloa.
Coaching style
According to him:
Political career
In 2012, he competed to be mayor of Coquimbo as an independent with support from conservative party Independent Democratic Union («UDI»). However, he lost the elections against Cristian Galleguillos from Christian Democratic Party, who obtained a 45,6% instead Sulantay's 27,5% (he finished second in the election).
Personal life
Sulantay had five children – José Carlo, Marcelo, Paula, and Carolina – along with his wife, Marcia Olivares. Marco Antonio is a journalist and politician who has served as Director of (National Sports Institute), (Regional Minister) and Deputy.
Sulantay was honored as Illustrious Son of Coquimbo in 2007.
Death
José Sulantay died from a stroke in Coquimbo, on 20 July 2023, at the age of 83.
Honors
Player
Deportes La Serena
Segunda División de Chile: 1957
Copa Preparación: 1960
Individual
Copa Chile top scorer: 1959
Manager
Deportes La Serena
Segunda División de Chile: 1987
Cobreloa
Primera División de Chile: 1992
Chile U20
FIFA U-20 World Cup third place: 2007
References
Source
1940 births
2023 deaths
People from Coquimbo
Chilean people of Diaguita descent
Footballers from Coquimbo Region
Chilean men's footballers
Chile men's under-20 international footballers
Deportes La Serena footballers
O'Higgins F.C. footballers
Club Deportivo Palestino footballers
C.D. Atlético Marte footballers
Aurora F.C. players
C.D. Antofagasta footballers
Coquimbo Unido footballers
Primera B de Chile players
Chilean Primera División players
Salvadoran Primera División players
Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala players
Chilean expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in El Salvador
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in El Salvador
Expatriate men's footballers in Guatemala
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Guatemala
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football wingers
Sportspeople from Coquimbo Region
Chilean football managers
Coquimbo Unido managers
Deportes La Serena managers
Deportes Antofagasta managers
C.D. Cobreloa managers
Club Deportivo Palestino managers
O'Higgins F.C. managers
Rangers de Talca managers
Deportes Iquique managers
Chile national under-20 football team managers
Primera B de Chile managers
Chilean Primera División managers
21st-century Chilean politicians
Chilean sportsperson-politicians
Independent Democratic Union politicians
Indigenous sportspeople of the Americas |
Fabio Lucioni (born 25 September 1987) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Serie B club Palermo.
Career
Ternana, loans and Gela
Born in Terni, Umbria, Lucioni started his career at hometown club Ternana. In January 2008, he was loaned to Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (Serie C2) clubs, namely Monopoli and Noicattaro. After 6 months at Ternana without a league appearance, he left for Gela along with Salvatore Ricca in January 2010. Gela signed Lucioni outright and Ricca on a temporary deal. Lucioni made 15 appearances for Gela.
Siena, Barletta and loans
In July 2010, he was signed by Serie B team Siena for €25,000 and farmed to third division club Barletta in a co-ownership deal, for a peppercorn fee of €500. On 23 June 2011, Siena bought back Lucioni also for €500. However, as Siena was promoted back to Serie A, Lucioni failed to enter first team.
On 22 July 2011, Lucioni joined another third division club Spezia Calcio on a temporary deal. He won the Supercoppa di Lega di Prima Divisione against his former club Ternana as well as promotion to Serie B.
On 5 July 2012, he was named in the 28-man pre-season squad for Siena. However, on 20 July he left the Serie A club altogether.
Reggina
On 20 July 2012, Reggina Calcio signed Lucioni to a new co-ownership deal, for a peppercorn of €250. He wore the no. 6 shirt, which was vacated by Antonio Giosa. He played 11 times in his second Serie B season. In June 2013, Siena gave up their chance to buy back the other 50% of Lucioni's registration rights from Reggina.
The next season he swapped his previous no. 6 for the number 5 jersey, which had been vacated by Gianluca Freddi.
Benevento
Lucioni joined Benevento in 2014. After collecting 36 appearances in the 2014–15 Serie C season, he became the team captain in 2015–16, when he gained promotion to Serie B for the first time in the club's history. He captained his team to another historic promotion, this time to Serie A, in 2016–17, netting 3 goals in the process.
He was alleged to have failed a doping test in September 2017, shortly after Benevento's 1–0 Serie A defeat to Torino; with the defender having tested positive for a banned substance. An Anabolic steroid, known as Clostebol was detected in the sample Lucioni provided. Following this, in January 2018 the Benevento captain was suspended by NADO (Italy's National Anti-Doping Organization). Finally, he was disqualified for one year from the sport.
Lecce
On 20 July 2018 he joined Lecce on a permanent basis. In August 2018 the doping ban was reduced and Lucioni could return to the pitch, making his debut with his new team on 27 August at Stadio Ciro Vigorito, facing his former team Benevento. At the beginning of the 2021–22 season, he assumed the captaincy after Marco Mancosu left the club.
Loan to Frosinone
On 25 June 2022, Lucioni moved on loan to Frosinone. With Frosinone, he won the Serie B title and his personal third promotion to Serie A in his career.
Palermo
On 26 June 2023, Palermo announced the signing of Lucioni on a two-year contract.
Honours
Spezia
Supercoppa di Lega di Prima Divisione: 2012
Lega Pro Prima Divisione: 2012
Coppa Italia Lega Pro: 2012
Benevento
Lega Pro: 2016 (Group C)
Lecce
Serie B: 2022
Frosinone
Serie B: 2023
References
External links
Football.it Profile
1987 births
Living people
Italian men's footballers
Ternana Calcio players
AS Noicattaro Calcio players
SSD Città di Gela players
ACR Siena 1904 players
ASD Barletta 1922 players
US Lecce players
Spezia Calcio players
LFA Reggio Calabria players
Benevento Calcio players
Frosinone Calcio players
Palermo FC players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Men's association football central defenders
Sportspeople from Terni
Footballers from Umbria
Doping cases in association football
Italian sportspeople in doping cases |
The Florida A&M Lady Rattlers basketball team is a NCAA Division 1 that competes in the Southwestern Athletic Conference and represents Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, Florida.
NCAA appearances
Florida A&M has appeared in the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament twice. The Lady Rattlers have a record of 0–2.
References
External links |
Trigonomma is a genus of flies in the family Chloropidae.
References
Europe
Nearctic
Chloropidae genera |
Brian Gimmillaro (born 1947 or 1948) is the former women's volleyball coach for California State University, Long Beach, from 1985 to 2017. Before joining Long Beach State, Gimmillaro began his coaching tenure with the girls volleyball team at Gahr High School from 1978 to 1985. With Gahr, Gimmillaro's team won two CIF Southern Section divisions and one California Interscholastic Federation championship. Upon leaving for Long Beach State, he had 142 wins and 15 losses in high school volleyball.
At Long Beach State, Gimmillaro and Long Beach State won the regular season of the Big West Conference thirteen times and the NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament three times.
He received over ten Coach of the Year awards, including from the American Volleyball Coaches Association and USA Volleyball. As Long Beach State's coach, Gimmillaro accumulated 835 wins and 221 losses. With his 835 wins, Gimmillaro is in the top 25 for most overall women's volleyball wins by a NCAA Division I coach. He was given the Donald S. Shondell All-Time Great Coach award from USA Volleyball in 2003 and named into the AVCA Hall of Fame in 2008.
Early life and education
Gimmillaro was born in New York during the late 1940s. He lived with his two siblings and mother in New York before he moved to Los Angeles at the age of seventeen. For his post-secondary education, Gimmillaro attended an economics program at the California State University, Long Beach.
Career
During the mid-1960s, Gimmillaro worked at Lucky Stores. Following his education, Gimmillaro sold products for General Mills during the early 1970s before he was a substitute until the mid-1970s. During his teaching career between 1972 and 1977, Gimmillaro worked at La Mirada High School and Gahr High School. Some of the subjects Gimmillaro was a teacher in were politics and math.
While at Gahr, Gimmillaro began his coaching experience in 1978. As part of the CIF Southern Section, Gimmillaro's girls volleyball team won the 3-A division in 1979 and the 5-A division in 1984. At California Interscholastic Federation events, his team won the California Division I championship in 1983. Upon leaving Ghar, Gimmillaro had 142 wins and 15 losses in high school volleyball by 1985.
In August 1985, Gimmillaro joined the women's volleyball team at Long Beach State as their associate head coach. He worked for Long Beach State in an interim position before becoming their head coach in December 1985. As part of the Big West Conference, Gimmillaro and Long Beach State were first in the regular season thirteen times between 1991 and 2014.
After winning their first NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament in 1989, Gimmillaro's team re-won the championship in 1993 and 1998. At the NCAA Division I event, Gimmillaro and Long Beach were the runner-ups in 1991. They were also second during the 2001 edition. While at Long Beach State, Gimmillaro won his 700th game in 2010 and his 800th in 2015. Gimmillaro ended his coaching tenure with Long Beach State in 2017. With his 835 wins and 221 losses, Gimmillaro was in the top 25 for most overall women's volleyball wins by a NCAA Division I coach during 2022.
Apart from his head coaching tenure, Gimmillaro joined the California Juniors Volleyball Club as their owner in 1982. Gimmillaro was employed with the United States women's national volleyball team in business management before they competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. While at Long Beach State, Gimmillaro decided to not work at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the University of Texas in 1997. With California Juniors, Gimmillaro was an assistant coach and director during the late 2000s.
Honors and personal life
While with Long Beach State, Gimmillaro was a nine time women's volleyball Coach of the Year for the Big West Conference between 1991 and 2014. In 1998, Gimmillaro was named Coach of the Year for Division I schools by the American Volleyball Coaches Association. Gimmillaro was named National Coach of the Year for USA Volleyball in 1999. In 2003, USA Volleyball gave Gimmillaro the Donald S. Shondell All-Time Great Coach award.
Gimmillaro joined the AVCA Hall of Fame in 2008. In 2016, he was given a Distinguished Alumni award from Long Beach State. He was inducted into the Southern California Indoor Volleyball Hall of Fame in 2018. In 2022, the Brian Gimmillaro Locker Room was created by Long Beach State. Outside of his career, Gimmillaro has two children.
References
1940s births
American high school teachers
American volleyball coaches
High school volleyball coaches in the United States
Long Beach State Beach women's volleyball
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Martin Baum (15 June 1765 – 14 December 1831) was an American businessman and politician.
The son of German immigrants Jacob Baum and Magdalena Elizabeth Kershner, Baum fought with General Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
After settling in Cincinnati, Baum became active in civic affairs, and was elected mayor in 1807 and 1812. Through his agents in Baltimore, New Orleans and Philadelphia, Baum attracted a great number of German immigrants to work in his various enterprises — steamboats, a sugar refinery, a foundry, and real estate. Baum founded the Western Museum, was active in the first public library in 1802, and was one of the main pillars of the First Presbyterian Church. He married Anna Somerville Wallace in 1804.
He bought the property on Pike Street in 1812, to build his home. Benjamin Henry Latrobe, architect of the United States Capitol designed Baum's home, named the "Belmont". Baum completed construction in about 1820; the building, once lived in by Nicholas Longworth (the first) and David Sinton, is now the Taft Museum. The building is the best example of the Federal style in Cincinnati. Baum was caught in the financial upheaval of 1819–20, and he was eventually forced to deed his home back to the Bank of the United States in 1825.
Baum's leadership was instrumental, along with William Oliver, and Micajah T. Williams in developing the Maumee Valley and Port Lawrence, modern day, Toledo, Ohio.
Baum died during an influenza epidemic. He was buried in the First Presbyterian Ground. On 6 June 1853 his body was moved to Spring Grove Cemetery.
One of the cars of the Mount Adams Incline was named in his honor.
References and notes
1765 births
1831 deaths
Mayors of Cincinnati
American people of the Northwest Indian War
Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery
Politicians from Hagerstown, Maryland
American people of German descent
Deaths from influenza
Infectious disease deaths in Ohio |
Walter Owen Briggs Sr. (February 27, 1877 – January 17, 1952) was an American entrepreneur and professional sports owner. He was part-owner of the Detroit Tigers in Major League Baseball from to , and then sole owner from 1935 to his death in 1952. Briggs also helped fund the Detroit Zoo in 1928, and personally paid for many of its first exhibits. He was also a patron of Eastern Michigan University and the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.
Biography
Briggs was born on February 27, 1877, in Ypsilanti, Michigan, to Rodney D. Briggs and Ada Warner. He followed the Detroit Tigers from the time he was young. In his early youth he worked at the Michigan Central Railroad and later opened Briggs Manufacturing Company in 1908, which specialized in the manufacturing of automobile bodies for the auto industry and later diversified into plumbing fixtures.
After the death of Tigers' part-owner Bill Yawkey in 1919, surviving partner Frank Navin arranged for Briggs and industrialist John Kelsey to buy a 25 percent stake in the club. Briggs had long chafed at not being able to see the Tigers play the Chicago Cubs in the 1908 World Series; he saw his stake in the Tigers as a way to ensure he would never have to worry about getting a seat to a game again. In 1927, Briggs bought Kelsey's stake to become a full partner with Navin, though he stayed in the background while Navin was alive. After Navin died in 1935, Briggs became the sole owner of the franchise.
As owner, among Briggs' first actions was completing major renovation and expansion plans to Navin Field, then seating 23,000. He double-decked the grandstand and converted the park into a bowl. It reopened in 1938 as Briggs Stadium, with a seating capacity of 58,000. The stadium was later renamed Tiger Stadium.
Briggs was noted for fielding a well-paid team that won two American League pennants (1940, 1945) and a World Series championship in 1945 under his ownership. He had a reputation for being prejudiced against African Americans, in part because he refused to sign black players and would only allow black fans to sit in inferior obstructed-view sections at Briggs Stadium. While he employed blacks at his factory, they were subjected to pervasive discrimination and less-than-ideal working conditions. The Tigers did not field their first non-white player until 1958, six years after Briggs' death, making them the second-to-last team in the majors to integrate (ahead of only the Boston Red Sox).
Briggs died at age 74 in Miami Beach, Florida, on January 17, 1952. He was interred at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Southfield, Michigan.
Legacy
His son, Walter Briggs Jr., briefly inherited the Tigers before a court forced him to sell the team in 1956.
His daughter, Jane Briggs Hart was known as an aviator and in the 1960s, became one of the Mercury 13, women who qualified physically in the same tests as those used for male astronauts. She died in 2015.
In a 2017 op-ed for the Detroit Free Press, Briggs' great-grandson, Harvey Briggs, publicly apologized for Walter's racism in his capacity as Tigers' owner. Harvey wrote that for all the good his great-grandfather might have done for Detroit, "I cannot overlook one fact. He was a racist." Harvey added that his opposition to Donald Trump came from the need to acknowledge his family's racist past.
See also
Detroit Tigers/Managers and ownership
Notes
American manufacturing businesspeople
Major League Baseball executives
Major League Baseball owners
Detroit Tigers executives
Detroit Tigers owners
Businesspeople from Miami
Sportspeople from Ypsilanti, Michigan
1877 births
1952 deaths |
Yamashita v. Hinkle, 260 U.S. 199 (1922), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of the state of Washington's Alien Land Law. The law prohibited Asians from owning property. Washington's attorney general maintained that in order for Japanese people to fit in, their "marked physical characteristics" would have to be destroyed, that "the Negro, the Indian and the Chinaman" had already demonstrated assimilation was not possible for them. The U.S. Supreme Court heard the case, brought by Takuji Yamashita, and affirmed this race-based prohibition, citing its immediately prior issued decision in Takao Ozawa v. United States. Ozawa had upheld the constitutionality of barring anyone other than "free white persons" and "persons of African nativity or ... descent" to naturalize, and affirmed the racial classifications of previous court decisions.
Washington's Alien Land Law would not be repealed until 1966.
References
External links
1922 in United States case law
Asian-American issues
United States civil rights case law
History of immigration to the United States
Japanese-American history
United States equal protection case law
United States immigration and naturalization case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court
Race-related case law in the United States |
Érik Canuel (born 1961) is a film director and actor from Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Canuel, the son of actor Yvan Canuel, began his career in the mid-1980s making music videos for such artists as Paul Piché, Sass Jordan, Norman Iceberg, Vilain Pingouin and Sylvain Cossette. After shooting a number of TV commercials, several of them award-winners, he worked as a director on the television series Big Wolf on Campus, for the Fox network, and The Hunger, broadcast on Showtime and The Movie Network.
In 2000, his Imax film Hemingway: A Portrait won a Genie Award for best short documentary, as well as the Maximum Image Award for best 2D film at the Miami Aventura Imax Days. Canuel also directed Matthew Blackheart: Monster Smasher in 2000, The Pig's Law (La Loi du cochon) in 2001, Red Nose (Nez rouge) in 2003, The Last Tunnel (Le Dernier Tunnel) in 2004, The Outlander (Le Survenant) in 2005, and Bon Cop, Bad Cop in 2006, receiving numerous nominations and awards.
In 2010, Canuel directed the episode "Fa la Erica" (season 3, ep. 11) of the TV series Being Erica. In 2016, he directed a segment of the collective film 9 (9, le film).
In 2020, Canuel directed the last four episodes entitled "Collapse", "Orphans", "Relapse" and "The Only Way Out Is Through" of the first season of the TV series Transplant.
He often makes cameo appearances as a bit part actor in his own films.
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Canadian television directors
Directors of Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners for Best Short Documentary Film
French Quebecers
Film directors from Montreal
Canadian Comedy Award winners
Canadian music video directors
Television commercial directors |
Brandtocetus is a genus of cetotheriid mysticete in the subfamily Cetotheriinae. The type and only species is Brandtocetus chongulek from the late Miocene (Tortonian) of the Kerch Peninsula in Crimea.
Brandtocetus chongulek was a whale approximately 4–5 m long differing from all Cetotheriidae by having a transversely expanded lateral portion of the squamosal bone ; a rhomboid temporal fossa; an occipital shield extending anterior to the center of the temporal fossa; and an elongated posterior process of the tympanoperiotic with a proximodistally extended, and distally expanded, distal portion exposed as an oval surface on the posterolateral skull wall.
References
Baleen whales
Miocene cetaceans
Prehistoric cetacean genera
Fossil taxa described in 2014
Miocene mammals of Europe |
Sir John Acland ( – 1620) of Columb John in the parish of Broadclyst, Devon, was an English knight, landowner, philanthropist, Member of Parliament and Sheriff of Devon. He was one of John Prince's Worthies of Devon.
Origins
He was the second son of John Acland (died 1553), of Acland in the parish of Landkey, Devon, by his wife Mary Redcliff, daughter and co-heiress of Hugh Redcliff of Stepney near London. He is said by Prince (c. 1697) to have been the favourite son of his mother, who thus made him heir to her lands in and about London. His elder brother was Hugh Acland (died 1622), who inherited the paternal estate of Acland, which he modernised in 1591 as attested by a surviving date stone, where he remained throughout his life.
Career
Acland was appointed to the county bench as a Justice of the Peace in 1583 and was Sheriff of Devon for 1608–09. He was elected Member of Parliament firstly for Saltash, in 1586. He was knighted by King James I on 15 March 1604 in the Tower of London, and at a by-election on 27 January 1607, in the first parliament of the reign, became MP for Devon.
Marriages
Acland married twice, but left no surviving children. His first wife was Elizabeth Rolle, a daughter of the wealthy George Rolle, of Stevenstone near Great Torrington in Devon, and the widow of Robert Mallet, of Woolleigh, Beaford, near Great Torrington in the same county. During Elizabeth's lifetime the couple lived at Woolleigh. It was probably due to Elizabeth's wealth that Acland was able to purchase the manor of Columb John in the parish of Broadclyst. On his monument in Broadclyst Church a kneeling effigy representing Elizabeth Rolle kneels by his head, below a heraldic escutcheon displaying the arms of Rolle. By Elizabeth he had only one child, a daughter named Dorothy who died an infant.
After Elizabeth died, Acland married Margaret Portman, another "vastly rich" widow, a daughter of Sir Henry Portman, of Orchard Portman in Somerset and the widow of Sir Gabriel Hawley (died 1604) of Buckland Priory (Buckland Sororum), in the parish of Dursley, Somerset, High Sheriff of Somerset in 1584. The marriage was childless. On Acland's monument in Broadclyst Church a kneeling effigy representing Margaret Portman kneels by his feet below a heraldic escutcheon displaying the arms of Portman.
Lands acquired
He purchased the manor of Columb John in the parish of Broadclyst, about 32 miles south-east of Acland, where he re-built the old manor house and its domestic chapel, which he endowed with the annual sum of £25 in eternity "for the encouragement of a chaplain, to preach and read prayers in it every Lord's day".
The nearby manor of Killerton, adjacent to Columb John, was not purchased at this time, but by Acland's eldest nephew Sir Arthur Acland (died 1610) of Acland, whose son Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet (died 1647) deserted Acland and moved his residence to Columb John. Killerton was first used as a residence for Sir Arthur's widow Eleanor Mallet (daughter and heiress of Robert Mallet of Woolleigh, whose wife was Elizabeth Rolle who remarried to Sir John Acland (died 1620)). Killerton became the family's chief seat after 1672, when the 1st baronet's fourth son Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet (died 1713) altered and enlarged the house in 1680 and abandoned Columb John, of which all that survives today is the Elizabethan gateway. His descendants later built the surviving Georgian Killerton House.
Death and burial
Acland died on 14 February 1620, and was buried in Broad Clyst church, where a monument he had commissioned himself, dated 1613, survives in Broadclyst Church, showing the sculpted figures of himself and his wives. Since he died childless, his heir was his 70-year-old elder brother Hugh Acland (died 1622) of Acland.
Philanthropy
His charitable gifts were numerous. He settled on the mayor and city council of Exeter the rectorial endowments of two parishes in the South Hams, so that the annual proceeds might be distributed among the poor in Exeter and in other parts of the county. He largely financed a new hall, with cellars underneath, at Exeter College, Oxford, shortly before his death, at a cost of about £800 of the total £1,000 building cost. Two scholarships were also founded by him at the college. He gave money to buy bread for the poor in each of the 27 parishes in which he held land and an inscription to Sir John was erected in Pilton Church, near Acland, which is transcribed in Dean Milles' Questionnaire thus:
Here Sr John Acland to the poor's a friend,
In giving bread noe times to have an end,
Sixpence a week by him to us is measured,
A crown for him in Heaven's laid up and treasured
Monument
Sir John Acland's monument in Broadclyst Church was described by Pevsner as "one of the most sumptuous Jacobean monuments in Devon and the most splendid of a related group". It was commissioned by Sir John during his lifetime and bears the dates 1613 and 1614. He lies recumbent, in full armour, propped up on his right elbow, with his two widows kneeling at prayer at his head and feet. It was probably constructed by John Deymond, an Exeter mason. The Renaissance style comprises columns, strapwork, cartouches, obelisks, fruit and putti It displays the following Latin inscriptions: Anno Domini 1613; Mors janua vitae (Death is the gateway to life) and the well-known Mors mihi lucrum (Death to me is reward); Post tenebras spero lucem (After darkness I hope for light); Caro mea requiescit in spe (May my flesh rest in hope); A Deo omnis victoria (All victory comes from God). A rectangular space above his effigy which should have contained a marble tablet inscribed with his epitaph remains blank, as it was in 1697 when described by John Prince.
Armorials
At the top of the monument is a heraldic achievement of Sir John Acland (died 1620), showing an escutcheon quarterly of 6:
1st:Acland, with a crescent or for difference of a 2nd son;
2nd: Argent, above a bend wavy sable a man's hand couped at the wrist in a glove lying fessways thereon a falcon perched, all or;
3rd:
4th: Argent, two bendlets wavy sable (Stapledon of Annery)
5th: Argent a bend engrailed sable (Radcliffe), as borne by Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex (died 1542);
6th: Or, on a fesse dancetté between three billets azure each charged with a lion rampant of the first three bezants (Rolle).
Crest above: a man's hand couped at the wrist in a glove lying fessways thereon a falcon perched, all proper (Acland)
References
Sources
Acland, Anne. A Devon Family: The Story of the Aclands. London and Chichester: Phillimore, 1981
Dictionary of National Biography, London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900, "Acland, John (died 1613)"
Hasler, P.W. (ed.), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558–1603, 1981, biography of Sir John Acland
Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, pp. 1–6 biography of Sir John Acland
Venning, Tim & Paul Hunneyball's biography of Sir John Acland, published in: The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604–1629, ed. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris, 2010.
Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp. 3–8, pedigree of Acland.
1550s births
1620 deaths
John 1552
17th-century English landowners
English MPs 1586–1587
High Sheriffs of Devon
English MPs 1604–1611
Year of birth uncertain
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Devon
Knights Bachelor
English justices of the peace |
Thomas Pullen (born January 3, 1945) is a former American football and Canadian football player. He played college football at the University of Michigan from 1965 to 1967. A native of Ottawa, Ontario, he also played professional football in the Canadian Football League for the Ottawa Rough Riders (1968–1969, 1972–1974), the Montreal Alouettes (1970–1971), and the Toronto Argonauts (1975).
Early years
Pullen was born in Ottawa, Ontario, in 1945. He attended Glebe Collegiate Institute, a high school in Ottawa, where he played football, basketball and ran track and field. He was selected as Glebe's most outstanding football player in 1961, set records in the high jump, hurdles and sprints, and led the basketball team to the Ontario provincial finals. He also played goalie for the Ottawa Montagnards and was also one of the first players in Canadian Little League history to pitch a no-hit shut-out.
University of Michigan
Pullen enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1965 and played college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1965 to 1967. He was the first Canadian to receive a full football scholarship from the school, and he became the first Canadian to letter with the Michigan football team. He played principally at the end position for the 1965 Michigan Wolverines football team. Pullen graduated from the University of Michigan with degrees in science and education.
Professional football
Pullen later played seven seasons in the Canadian Football League with the Ottawa Rough Riders (1968–1969, 1972–1974), the Montreal Alouettes (1970–1971), and the Toronto Argonauts (1975). He had his best season in 1971 when he caught 34 passes for 487 yards and three touchdowns as a member of the Alouettes. He was a member of three consecutive Grey Cup championship teams (two with Ottawa with 1968 and 1979, and one with Montreal in 1970), and he also a fourth Grey Cup championship with Ottawa in 1973.
Later years
After retiring from football, Pullen became a teacher and basketball and track coach at Glebe Collegiate in Ottawa. He also held coaching positions with the Carleton Ravens (three years as receivers coach), Midget Nepean Rams (one year as assistant coach), and Ashbury (one season as the goalie coach). He later became a vice-president of business development for Innovative Financial Group Inc.
References
1945 births
Living people
Toronto Argonauts players
Ottawa Rough Riders players
Montreal Alouettes players
Michigan Wolverines football players
Canadian football people from Ottawa
Players of Canadian football from Ontario |
"Love Is the Ritual" is the first single released from Edge of the Century by Styx.
Background
The song was written and sung by Glen Burtnik, who had been recruited by the band as a new guitarist. Shaw was at that time busy as a member of the group Damn Yankees.
Burtnik had recorded the track before he was offered a position with Styx in anticipation of using it for his third solo album. The track was re-recorded during recording sessions as Styx. Burtnik's original version was later released on his compilation album Retrospectable.
The song also appeared on the B-side of the 7" single release of "Carrie Ann" (A&M Records – 390 610-7) which had been only released in Europe.
Charts
"Love Is the Ritual" was a disappointment commercially. It peaked at only #80 on the Billboard Top 100 Singles chart. However, it fared better on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, where it attained #9. It also reached #59 on the Canada RPM Top Singles chart the week of November 24, 1990.
Personnel
Glen Burtnik - lead vocals, lead guitar
Dennis DeYoung - keyboards, backing vocals
James Young - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Chuck Panozzo - bass
John Panozzo - drums
Track listing
7"
"Love Is the Ritual"
"Homewrecker"
12" picture disc
"Love Is the Ritual"
"Homewrecker"
"Babe"
Notes
References
Styx - Love Is the Ritual
1990 singles
1990 songs
Styx (band) songs
Funk rock songs
Songs written by Glen Burtnik
A&M Records singles |
"One Good Well" is a song written by Mike Reid and Kent Robbins, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams. It was released in April 1989 as the first single and title track from the album One Good Well. The song reached number 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.
Chart performance
Year-end charts
References
1989 singles
Don Williams songs
Songs written by Mike Reid (singer)
Songs written by Kent Robbins
Song recordings produced by Garth Fundis
RCA Records singles
1989 songs |
David Anear (born 26 March 1948) is an Australian archer.
Born in Lowestoft, United Kingdom David lived in many places including Yemen and Germany thanks to his father being in the Royal Air Force. The family moved to Australia in the 1960s.
Represented Australia in the 1976 Olympic Games where he scored 2407 points, to reach 13th place.
He was one of the bearers of the Olympic Torch for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. He carried the Olympic Torch through Healesville in Victoria.
David is a multiple National champion in archery with the Olympic recurve bow, barebow recurve and Longbow. He has also served as president to Diamond Valley Archers Inc archery club in Yarrambat Victoria where he was awarded a Life Membership.
References
1948 births
Living people
Australian male archers
Olympic archers for Australia
Archers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
People from Lowestoft |
Jarmanpreet Singh (born 18 July 1996) is an Indian field hockey player who plays as a defender. He made his international debut at the 2018 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy in Breda where India won the silver medal. Finally he won gold medal in 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou.
References
External links
Jarmanpreet Singh at Hockey India
1996 births
Living people
Field hockey players from Amritsar
Indian male field hockey players
Male field hockey defenders
Field hockey players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India
Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey
2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup players
Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Field hockey players at the 2022 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for India
Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games |
Leslie Milnes (3 July 1922 – 20 March 2013) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played nine first-class matches for Otago between 1942 and 1949.
See also
List of Otago representative cricketers
References
External links
1922 births
2013 deaths
New Zealand cricketers
Otago cricketers
Cricketers from Dunedin
New Zealand Army cricketers
South Island Army cricketers |
The Central District of Sowme'eh Sara County () is in Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Sowme'eh Sara.
At the National Census in 2006, its population was 75,412 in 21,126 households. The following census in 2011 counted 77,089 people in 23,681 households. At the latest census in 2016, the district had 78,144 inhabitants in 26,192 households.
After the census, Pishkhan Rural District was established in the Central District. Taher Gurab Rural District was separated from the district in the formation of Taher Gurab District, which was divided into two rural districts, including the new Abatar Rural District. Likewise, Ziabar Rural District was separated from the district in the establishment of Ziabar District, also divided into two rural districts that included the newly formed Baham Bar Rural District. Neither of the new districts contains a city.
References
Sowme'eh Sara County
Districts of Gilan Province
Populated places in Gilan Province
Populated places in Sowme'eh Sara County |
The 1997 Swedish speedway season was the 1997 season of motorcycle speedway in Sweden.
Individual
Individual Championship
The 1997 Swedish Individual Speedway Championship final was held in Vetlanda on 16 August. Tony Rickardsson won the Swedish Championship for the third time.
Key
points per race - 3 for a heat win, 2 for 2nd, 1 for third, 0 for last
+3 won race off, +2 2nd in race off, +1, 3rd in race off, +0 last in race off
t - tape touching excluded
u - fell
w - excluded
U21 Championship
Peter Ingvar Karlsson won the U21 championship.
Team
Team Championship
Rospiggarna won the Elitserien and were declared the winners of the Swedish Speedway Team Championship for the second time. The Rospiggarna team included Greg Hancock, Jimmy Nilsen, Erik Stenlund and Andreas Jonsson.
Dackarna changed their name to Team Svelux and Gnistorna withdrew from Division 1B. Leading positions in Division 1 North & South groups determined Division 1A & 1B leagues.
Kaparna and Nässjö won the first division leagues respectively.
See also
Speedway in Sweden
References
Speedway leagues
Professional sports leagues in Sweden
Swedish
Seasons in Swedish speedway |
The Sulawesi bear cuscus, also known as the Sulawesi bear phalanger (Ailurops ursinus), is a species of arboreal marsupial in the family Phalangeridae that is endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia. It lives in tropical moist lowland forest at elevations up to and is diurnal, folivorous and often found in pairs. A. ursinus is threatened by hunting, collection for the pet trade and deforestation.
When approached, their automatic reaction is to wrap their tail around a nearby branch and switch from tripedal and bipedal posture with their foreleg raised. While doing these movements, they're constantly making short, harsh sounds.
Bear cuscuses can feed on the young leaves of up to 31 different species of plants varying from trees, lianas, and mistletoes. Feeding only amounts to about 5% of their daily activity, compared to about 63% spent on resting.
Gallery
References
Possums
Mammals of Sulawesi
Mammals described in 1824
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
The IPSC Venezuelan Handgun Championship is an IPSC level 3 championship held once a year by the Practical Shooting Federation of Venezuela.
Champions
The following is a list of previous and current champions.
Overall category
References
IPSC shooting competitions
National shooting championships
Shooting competitions in Venezuela |
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Richard Anconina (; born 28 January 1953) is a French actor. He won the César Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1983, and for Best Actor in 1989.
Filmography
1977 : Comment se faire réformer directed by Philippe Clair
1978 : Les Réformés se portent bien directed by Philippe Clair
1979 : Démons de midi directed by Christian Paureilhe
1980 : Le Bar du téléphone directed by Claude Barrois – Boum-Boum
1980 : À vingt minutes par le R.E.R.
1980 : Inspecteur la Bavure directed by Claude Zidi – Philou
1981 : L'Arme au bleu
1981 : Asphalte directed by Denis Amar – un pilleur
1981 : La Provinciale directed by Claude Goretta
1981 : Le Petit Pommier directed by Liliane de Kermadec
1981 : Une robe noire pour un tueur directed by José Giovanni – un jeune drogué
1981 : Le Choix des armes directed by Alain Corneau – Dany
1982 : Emmenez-moi au théâtre : L'étrangleur s'excite
1983 : Le Battant directed by Alain Delon – Samatan
1983 : Cap Canaille directed by Juliet Berto – Mayolles
1983 : Le Jeune Marié directed by Bernard Stora – Baptiste
1983 : Une pierre dans la bouche directed by Jean-Louis Leconte – Marc
1983 : Tchao Pantin directed by Claude Berri – Bensoussan
1984 : L'Intrus directed by Irène Jouannet – Gilles
1984 : Paroles et Musique directed by Elie Chouraqui – Michel
1985 : Partir, revenir directed by Claude Lelouch – Vincent Rivière
1985 : Police directed by Maurice Pialat – Lambert
1986 : directed by Robert Enrico – Jeff Montelier
1986 : directed by Alain Corneau – Willie
1987 : directed by Gérard Oury – Moïse Levy
1988 : What if Gargiulo Finds Out? directed by Elvio Porta – Ferdinando
1988 : Envoyez les violons directed by Roger Andrieux – Frédéric Segal
1988 : Itinéraire d'un enfant gâté directed by Claude Lelouch – Albert Duvivier
1990 : Miss Missouri directed by Elie Chouraqui – Nathan Leven
1990 : Le Petit Criminel directed by Jacques Doillon – le flic
1991 : A quoi tu penses-tu? directed by Didier Kaminka – Pierre
1992 : La Place du père
1994 : Fall from Grace (TV)
1994 : Coma (TV) – Julien
1996 : Hercule et Sherlock directed by Jeannot Szwarc – Bruno
1997 : La Vérité si je mens! directed by Thomas Gilou – Eddie Vuibert
1997 : Les Héritiers
2000 : Six-Pack directed by Alain Berbérian – Nathan
2001 : La Vérité si je mens! 2 directed by Thomas Gilou – Eddie Vuibert
2002 : Gangsters directed by Olivier Marchal – Franck Chaïevski
2004 : Alive directed by Frédéric Berthe – Alex Meyer
2007 : Dans les cordes directed by Magaly Richard-Serrano – Joseph
2010 : Camping 2 directed by Fabien Onteniente – Jean-Pierre Savelli
2012 : La vérité si je mens! 3 directed by Thomas Gilou – Eddie Vuibert
2012 : Stars des années 80 directed by Frédéric Forestier – Vincent
2016 : The law of Christophe, TV Movie directed by Jacques Malaterre – Christophe Vitari
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
Male actors from Paris
French male film actors
20th-century French Jews
French people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
Most Promising Actor César Award winners
Best Supporting Actor César Award winners
20th-century French male actors
21st-century French male actors
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres |
Westhaven, California may refer to:
Westhaven, Fresno County, California
Westhaven, Humboldt County, California
Westhaven-Moonstone, California |
Slacho Pavlov (; born 17 May 1968) is a former Bulgarian professional footballer and manager.
Career
Pavlov spent the majority of his professional career in Bulgarian football, while additionally having two spells abroad - in Turkey and Malta. With Velbazhd Kyustendil, he earned a bronze medal in the A PFG following the conclusion of the 2000/2001 season and also participated in the 2001 Bulgarian Cup Final, which his team lost by a score of 0:1. In total, Pavlov appeared in 306 matches in the top division of Bulgaria, scoring 29 goals. His son Tomislav Pavlov is also a footballer.
References
1968 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Minyor Pernik players
PFC Slavia Sofia players
FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia players
Velbazhd Kyustendil players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Bulgarian expatriate men's footballers
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Kayserispor footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Malta
Sportspeople from Pernik |
```c
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/dcusumors.h"
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
int main( void ) {
// Create strided arrays:
const double x[] = { 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 };
double y[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
// Specify the number of elements:
const int64_t N = 4;
// Specify stride lengths:
const int64_t strideX = 2;
const int64_t strideY = -2;
// Compute the cumulative sum:
stdlib_strided_dcusumors( N, 0.0, x, strideX, y, strideY );
// Print the result:
for ( int64_t i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) {
printf( "y[ %"PRId64" ] = %lf\n", i, y[ i ] );
}
}
``` |
Class Reunion is a popular television show broadcast in Ireland on RTÉ One.
Overview
Roughly based on the British programme, This Is Your Life, the show is hosted by Gay Byrne and was broadcast on Sunday nights in early 2005. Ten shows were broadcast in the series which features a special guest who has achieved outstanding success in areas such as art, film, business or sport. The special guest is then reunited with their old classmates, and they relive old memories and stories. Guests have included Adi Roche, Mary O'Rourke, Pat Spillane and Dana. It is expected that the show may return for a second series.
References
2005 Irish television series debuts
2005 Irish television series endings
Class reunions in popular culture
RTÉ original programming |
Comayagua () is a city, municipality and old capital of Honduras, located northwest of Tegucigalpa on the highway to San Pedro Sula and above sea level.
The accelerated growth experienced by the city of Comayagua led the municipal authorities to structure a territorial reorganization plan. Between the years of 1945 -1975 the population of the city quadrupled due to the high rate of population growth achieved at that time (4.8%) and to migratory movements in the interior of the country. In 2023 the estimated population of the city was 120,500. It is the capital of the Comayagua department of Honduras and it is noted for its wealth of Spanish Colonial architecture. The cathedral, at the central square, has the oldest clock in the Americas.
Etymology
Comayagua is known today as "" () by Hondurans. They call it that because in addition to being one of the oldest cities in Honduras, it still maintains a large part of its buildings with architectural value from the colonial era. Its historic center "is the most restored and preserved nationwide."
The Spaniards named the place "Valladolid" or "" (), but the city formally kept the original, indigenous name of the place. Some differ over its etymology, but most agree that it is composed of koma (which in Lenca means 'huge amount of land') and jawa 'water', its true meaning being 'abundant land of water'.
History
Pre-Columbian era
During the Pre-Columbian era the valley in which the city is located was populated by Lenca people, a Mesomaerican native culture that still survives in Honduras. Archaeological remains such as Yarumela show that these natives have populated the valley since approximately 1,000 B.C.
The flat topography and subtropical climate helped these natives to prosper and built its own societies and towns, most of its economic activities were the control of trade routes that connected the Caribbean sea to the Pacific Ocean. During the colonization of the American continent the Spaniard conquistadors founded a rich valley with different Lencan towns, most of them well organized with a high social stratification. these natives were the ones that gave a well-done resistance during the conquest of Honduras.
Foundation
Comayagua was founded in 1537 by the Spaniard Captain Alonso de Cáceres in compliance with instructions "to find an apparent situation to form a city in the middle of the two oceans" by order of the advance Francisco de Montejo, first governor of Hibueras (modern day Honduras) as it was first known to Honduras. The city was originally called "Santa María de la Concepción de Comayagua."
On 20 November 1542, King Philip II of Spain ordered that the Real Audiencia de los Confines reside in Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, but the Council of the Indies ordered on 13 September 1543 to install its headquarters in the town of the Concepción de Comayagua. In the same provision it is given the name of "Villa de la Nueva Valladolid de Comayagua" in honor of Valladolid of Spain, where at the time of signing the founding letter of the hearing, the Court resided.
Finally, the assignment as the seat of the audience was not effective and it was transferred to the town of Gracias Lempira, on 16 May 1544. On 20 December 1557, King Philip II granted it the title of city, during At that time, the city already had a Mercedarian convent founded by Fray Jerónimo Clemente in 1553 and a stone church built in 1551 at a cost of 15,000 gold pesos. In 1558 the first capitulars were elected. In 1561, the episcopal chair that resided in Trujillo was transferred to it, due to its more favorable conditions, its location in the center of the country and its proximity to the gold and silver mining regions. In 1585 the first cathedral was built; and the one that now exists (Immaculate Conception) began in 1634, and was completed in 1715.
Spanish colonial period
Comayagua remained the capital of Honduras throughout all the colonial period. By the time the Spanish authorities gifted the city with different architectural works, such as churches, colleges, convents, houses, and Fountains. Comayagua's system of cisterns and fountains dates from colonial times making it the first city in Honduras with a system of aqueducts. However Tegucigalpa began to dispute that position in the mid-17th century, as it developed as a mining center. In recognition of its growing importance it received the title of town in 1768.
However, the development of Tegucigalpa was ignored when in 1788: "Comayagua became an Intendancy and politically absorbed Tegucigalpa which became a sub-delegation" ... "Even so, the appointment was made from Comayagua, which caused a revolt in Tegucigalpa, fueling the existing rivalry between the two most important cities of the Province.
Some resentful Tegucigalpans a few years later, complained that these decisions had resulted in the economic decline of the area, "claiming that the new mayors were not interested in the development of mining and that they established a local tax on agricultural products such as indigo, sugar, and cattle, which only benefited Comayagua. As a result of the complaints presented by the residents of Tegucigalpa and on the recommendation of José Cecilio del Valle, advisor to the president of the Guatemalan hearing, the Mayor's Office was re-created in 1812. The establishment of the intendancy in Comayagua not only delayed the growth of Tegucigalpa, but could not contain the continued decline of Comayagua. It became from the capital of the province, to a sleepy town that, by the early nineteenth century, had only a few Spaniards, near 30 European families, all reduced to living off charity. Furthermore, the city had earned a reputation for being unhealthy because of its economic decline.
"The reason given for the decline of the city was the decline in agriculture and commerce, which was often attributed to the laziness of the natives. In 1802 the two parishes of the city had a combined population of 5,369." For all these reasons it was proposed that the capital be moved to Tegucigalpa. Despite these proposals, the capital remained in Comayagua throughout the colonial period.
Independence
During the period close to independence, there were several pro-independence movements throughout Central America. In Honduras these movements took place in Tegucigalpa. Names like Miguel Bustamante, Matías Zuniga, Simón Gutiérrez, Pablo Borjas, Andrés Lozano, Diego Vijil, Dionisio de Herrera, and Francisco Morazán etc. appear on the list of people related to the pro-independence movement. "Those patriots Tegucigalpenses were considered by the Comayagua authority as conspirators," trying to "promote from Tegucigalpa the ideas contrary to the colonial regime."
The Comayagua authorities wanted to quell the pro-independence revolts, but the colonial regime had already died. On September 21, 1821, Central America proclaimed its independence from Spain. Comayagua received the documents in the early hours of the morning of September 28 and the government with the members of the council learned of the decision, accepting independence.
On November 28, 1821, a note from General Agustín de Iturbide reached Guatemala suggesting that Central America, and the Viceroyalty of Mexico, form a great empire under the Plan of Iguala and the Treaties of Córdoba. The issue of annexation to Mexico caused divisions within each of the provinces since some cities were in favor of it and others against it.
In Honduras, Comayagua – through its governor José Tinoco de Contreras – spoke out in favor of annexation; but Tegucigalpa, the second largest city in the province, opposed the idea of it. In the end, Iturbide's annexationist proposal triumphed and on August 22, 1822, Central America joined Mexico. Agustín de Iturbide's annexation to the Mexican Empire did not last long, because it abdicated on March 19, 1823, and on July 1 of that same year, Central America proclaimed its definitive independence. Comayagua and Honduras became part of the United Provinces of Central America.
Burning of the city
After Honduras became part of the United Provinces of Central America, Comayagua continued to be its capital. In 1824, Honduras elected Don Dionisio de Herrera as its first Head of State. Soon the reaction arose against him, led by the Vicar, Canon José Nicolás Irías Midence, with the support of the President of the Republic, General Manuel José Arce, who, having already entered the path of arbitrariness, he saw Herrera as a serious obstacle to the development of his plans.
"Irías, promoted anarchy as much as he could and finally caused the invasion of Honduras. President Arce, under the pretext of guarding the cigars belonging to the Federation, stored in the Villa de Santa Rosa, sent his federal forces under the command of Colonel Justo Milla, with the purpose of overthrowing Dionisio de Herrera. Without further ado, Milla's troops reached Comayagua and laid siege to it. This happened on April 4, 1827.
Comayagua was burned and looted to a large extent, and although the forces with which it was defending were inferior in number to those of the invader, they would have triumphed if their Commander, Colonel Antonio Fernández, a Spaniard, had not betrayed Mr. Herrera, putting him in prison and understanding with Colonel Milla, with whom he settled a capitulation on May 9, by virtue of which he delivered the square and the person of the Chief.
"Mr. Herrera was taken to Guatemala, where he should have been submitted to the Assembly to declare whether or not his conduct gave rise to the formation of a cause. But since he was not accused of arbitrariness, and President Arce, in making war on him I did not have my sights other than to separate him from the Government of Honduras to organize it according to his interests, which he had already achieved, the President of the Republic did not worry about that, and kept the prisoner in his own house. Justo Milla temporarily took command of the province of Honduras; because on November 11, 1827, it was defeated by the forces of General Francisco Morazán in the battle of La Trinidad. Later, Morazán marched to Comayagua where he took command of the state of Honduras from the hands of Miguel Eusebio Bustamante. In June 1828, Morazán handed over command to Diego Vigil.
Transfer of the capital
«That rivalry between the radical Comayagua and the liberal Tegucigalpa became more and more accentuated every day and was notorious at the time of independence and in the consolidation of the State from 1825, when the first Constitution was issued. The ideas of alternating the capital on an annual basis began then as a political approach that arose in the Cedros mineral, an intention that only remained in that. »15
In June 1849, while Dr. Juan Lindo of the Constituent Assembly chaired by Don Felipe Jáuregui was president of Honduras, he issued a decree transferring the capital to Tegucigalpa, but it was not executed due to legal inconsistencies and Comayagua continued to be the seat of state powers.
Through the eighteenth century, Tegucigalpa was taking advantage of Comayagua; Several buildings of important institutions were erected there such as "the Literary Academy, the genesis of the current National Autonomous University of Honduras." 15 Finally, on 30 October 1880, President Marco Aurelio Soto made the "decision to transfer the capital of Honduras from Comayagua to Tegucigalpa Dr. Marco Aurelio Soto Martínez, for economic or social reasons, picked up luggage and moved to his hometown thus ending that antagonism "between the two cities.
After the transfer of the capital to Tegucigalpa, the population, commerce, and importance of Comayagua was notably reduced. At the beginning of the 19th century, its narrow and irregular streets were poorly paved. Also, public buildings were in poor condition. However, this city continued to be the seat of the diocese of Honduras.
Geography
A mountainous system surrounds the valley in which the city of Comayagua is located; where the main mountains are: Mountains of Montecillos, are to the west of La Paz. The mountains of Comayagua to the east of the department that join the mountains of Esquías, extending to Minas de Oro. To the south are the branches of Lepaterique, Mulacagua and Pototerique.
Climate
Comayagua has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) under the Köppen climate classification.
Places of note
Right in front of the plaza is located City Hall, which has been reconstructed a couple of times. The building is of neoclassic style and was built during the 19th century. The Cathedral de la inmaculada concepcion of Comayagua was built during the colonial era in Honduras. It was inaugurated on 8 December 1711. In the cathedral there is also the oldest clock in America, built by the Arabs during their occupation in Spain around the year 1100. It was moved in the colonial period as a gift from King Carlos III. Another attraction is the Plaza de San Francisco, which has a park, the colonial church and is located a few meters from the main square, this church possesses the Antonina Bell, is the oldest bell in America, being cast in Alcalá de Henares, Spain in 1460. The houses of the city still preserve their original Spanish colonial architecture from the 18th century, many of them have been turned into museums. The most important examples are the museum of colonial religious art, the archeological museum that contains relics of the Lenca people of the pre-Hispanic era, and the republican museum. Another square in the old town is the Plaza de la Merced, it is known for having a monument known as the obelisk and in front of it is the Iglesia de la Merced. Which was the first cathedral of the city before the current one was completed in 1711.
Another attraction is the Caxa real, a colonial house that was built between 1739 and 1741 and developed by the Spanish architect Bartolomé de Maradiaga as a center where the tributes for the Spanish crown were stored, within it Gold, silver and plaster extracted from the mines of Honduras were processed, to later be shipped to Europe. On the ground floor of the building, introduce some elements that were not in common use in Central American architecture; It makes a very good difference between the purely official area, the Courtroom, the Accounting Office, the Treasury, the Azogues room, the piece of fifth silver; This sector was entered through a large hall called by the men on horseback and which were on the street that the Chiquito River rises to the Plaza Mayor. In 1774, an earthquake that caused serious damage to the structure, however, was repaired within a few months, although the house was weaker. In 1809 another earthquake damaged the building.
It was rebuilt in 2013 and is currently an events center that has hosted important international political figures, such as Queen Leticia of Spain, and the former President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto on his visit to Honduras. The Plaza de San Francisco is another place of note, located a few meters from the cathedral and has one of the oldest churches in Honduras built in the mid-16th century by Bishop Fray Alonso de la Cerda and it was the second church built in Comayagua, being the second oldest in the city. The church has five bells, one of which, all imported from Spain.
Patrimony
Comayagua has a huge architectural, cultural, and artistic patrimony. Some of the buildings date from the mid-16th century, and some of these are the oldest in Central America. In culture, the cities of Honduras are some of the few palaces that still practice Spanish traditions the same way as they were introduced.
Architectural
La Merced church (1550)
San Francisco church (1560)
San Sebastián church (1580)
La Caridad church (16th century)
Comayagua archeological museum (House built in the late 16th century)
Immaculate conception cathedral (1634)
Religious art museum/San Agustín college (1678)
Paseo la Alameda (Old criollo houses converted into restaurants)
Cabañas house museum (18th century house)
Santos Guardiola house museum (18th century House)
Caxa Real (1739)
Cádiz constitution monument (1812)
Government Palace (1880)
Cultural
Semana santa (holy week) is a famous Roman Catholic holiday celebrated in Comaygua, it is still practiced in the same Spanish way that was introduced in the 16th century. Every holy week, people make the famous "alfombras de aserrín" or colored carpets from wood dust that represents a part of the life of Jesus of Nazareth and representations of other biblical characters like the Virgin Mary and the Holy spirit. Also, many catholic saints are represented in the carpets like Saint Jude the Apostle. These traditions had their roots in southern Spain and were mostly practiced in Guatemala and Hondurans during the colony. The Honduran Semana santa have been compared to the one celebrated in Andalusia Spain in cities like Seville due to its incredible similarity to the old Spanish catholic tradition taught to the indigenous people.
Other famous traditions of Comayagua are the mixes of indigenous and Spanish elements, like el baile de los diablitos (littles devils dance), where dancers wore colorful clothes and masks that represent something like an animal, a person, or a mythological creature. This tradition has its roots in the 17th century, when indigenous people mixed its religious rituals with the catholic ones.
Arts
Comaygua has pieces of arts that dates from different eras, like the pre-Columbian Lencan art in the pottery exposed in the archeological museum as the pieces of art from the Viceroyalty of New Spain, some of them even dates from the late 16th century. The altarpiece of the Catedral of immaculate conception was made in Jaén Spain in the 17th century. It is considered one of the most beautiful baroque pieces in Honduras, same as the altarpieces and paintings of the many other churches of the city. Most pieces of art are now preserved in museums of the city like the ones exposed in the museum of religious art. Other arts are the expositions of national painters in the archeological museum which shows the art works of different Hondurans from the entire country.
Comayagua International Airport
The new Comayagua International Airport will be one of the most important airports in the country with a capacity greater than the Toncontin International Airport in Tegucigalpa. This new airport is expected to serve not only Comayagua but also the residents of Tegucigalpa due to the limitations on growth of Toncontin. The new airport could become the main airport for the capital starting from October 2021 especially if there is a partial closure of Toncontin.
The new airport will have a capacity of 20 aircraft and the terminal will have more than 39,000 square metres (420,000 sq ft) built, approximately four times the size of Toncontin in Tegucigalpa. The airport will also have the third longest runway in Honduras after the Ramón Villeda Morales International Airport in San Pedro Sula and the Golosón International Airport in La Ceiba.
Soto Cano Air base
Soto Cano Air Base (formerly Palmerola Air Base) is a Honduran military installation located less than from Comayagua. The and airbase is home of the Honduran Air Force Academy. United States maintains Joint Task Force Bravo on Soto Cano Air Base with approximately 550 US military personnel and more than 650 US and Honduran civilians. The airport is also open to civilians as Comayagua International Airport.
Sport
Comayagua is headquarters of Club Hispano, of the Honduran National Soccer League. The club obtained its first promotion to the National League in 2004–05. Nevertheless, after only their first season in the soccer league; they were relegated to second division once again. For this reason, the board of directors, bought the first division franchise from Club Municipal-Valencia of Choluteca. The Club plays its home games at the municipal stadium 'Carlos Miranda' which currently holds about 10,000 spectators.
Comayagua was host to the first International Fellowship of Christian Athletes Motocross camp in September 2012. Sixty men and women participated in the camp which was instructed by professional riders from the United States, Jimmy Povolny, Shawn Clark and Ryan Meyung among others. The camp was followed by a race sponsored by Colmotos Enduro and was in memory of Dylan First, a US rider who lost his life on the track the previous year. This is now an annual event in Comayagua with instructors from the US and leaders from Honduras.
See also
Comayagua prison fire
History of Honduras
References
1537 establishments in North America
1537 establishments in the Spanish Empire
Audencia of Guatemala
Colonial Guatemala
Former national capitals
Municipalities of the Comayagua Department
Populated places established in 1537 |
Matthew Warren Brown (born July 28, 1989) is a former American football kick returner. He signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent following the 2013 NFL Draft. He played college football for Temple. He also had brief stints with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) and Tri-Cities Fever of the Indoor Football League (IFL). With the Roughriders, he won the 101st Grey Cup in 2013.
Early life and high school career
Brown was born and grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, Warren Brown, is an attorney and his mother, Lynette, is a beautician. He played in the Northwood Little League (baseball) and the Northwood Youth football league and, despite his small stature, excelled at both.
Brown spent summers at Cushing Academy, a private boarding school in Massachusetts, with his sister Candice.
Brown initially attended Baltimore City College and the private Cardinal Gibbons in his hometown, but transferred to Peddie School, a private boarding school in New Jersey, the next year. He graduated from Peddie in 2008.
With no prospects for a college scholarship in football, Brown attended the Milford Academy in New Berlin, New York, where NFL starters LeSean McCoy and Shonn Greene had played. There, Brown set a school record with nine kickoff-return touchdowns in 12 games.
College career
Brown played college football for the Temple Owls, where he was a punt and kickoff return specialist, wide receiver and, for his first three years, back-up running back to Bernard Pierce. Because of his size, 5 foot, 5 inches tall, no Division I or II schools showed any interest in Brown; even at Temple he was a walk-on and played his first year without a scholarship.
Brown returned 83 kick-offs for Temple for 2,068 yards and two touchdowns at 24.9 average yards per kick return. He also had 45 punt returns for 403 yards over the past two seasons.
Brown's best game at Temple came during his sophomore year against Army, when he carried the ball 28 times for 226 yards and 4 touchdowns.
2012
In his senior year, Brown was named the Big East Conference's special teams player of the year and was a 2012 All-Big East First-team player as a coaches' selection. Brown was also named to the 2012 ESPN.com All-Big East Team at return specialist, the 2012 CBSSports.com Big East All-Conference Team and the 2012 first-team All-Big East at kickoff returner by College Sports Madness.
Professional career
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Brown attended both the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Kansas City Chiefs free agent camps in the spring of 2013, but did not hear back from either. Two weeks later, he was preparing to sign a contract with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League, but was denied entry to Canada due to an expired passport. He received a call from the Buccaneers shortly thereafter, and on May 28, 2013, he signed a three-year deal with the Buccaneers. Brown was released on July 23, 2013, after Peyton Hillis signed a one-year deal with the team.
Saskatchewan Roughriders
On August 5, 2013, Brown signed with the Roughriders. On November 24, 2013, the Roughriders defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 45-23, to win the 101st Grey Cup. Brown lasted on the Roughriders roster until June 7, 2014, but was released without appearing in a game.
Arrest and criminal conviction
On Saint Patrick's Day, March 17, 2015, Brown was arrested on human trafficking and prostitution charges. His alleged victims were aged 14, 16, and 17. He pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count of prostitution, and was sentenced to two years in prison in 2017.
References
External links
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio
Temple Owls bio
1989 births
Living people
Temple Owls football players
American football running backs
African-American players of American football
Players of American football from Baltimore
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Tri-Cities Fever players
Peddie School alumni
Milford Academy alumni
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people |
```objective-c
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#ifndef zzdeps_posix_memory_utils_posix_h
#define zzdeps_posix_memory_utils_posix_h
#include <err.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "../common/memory-utils-common.h"
#include "../zz.h"
zsize zz_posix_vm_get_page_size();
zbool zz_posix_vm_check_address_valid_via_msync(const zpointer p);
zbool zz_posix_vm_check_address_valid_via_signal(zpointer p);
zbool zz_posix_vm_protect(const zaddr address, zsize size, int page_prot);
zbool zz_posix_vm_protect_as_executable(const zaddr address, zsize size);
zbool zz_posxi_vm_protect_as_writable(const zaddr address, zsize size);
zpointer zz_posix_vm_allocate_pages(zsize n_pages);
zpointer zz_posix_vm_allocate(zsize size);
zpointer zz_posix_vm_allocate_near_pages(zaddr address, zsize range_size, zsize n_pages);
zpointer zz_posix_vm_search_text_code_cave(zaddr address, zsize range_size, zsize size);
zbool zz_posix_vm_patch_code(const zaddr address, const zpointer codedata, zuint codedata_size);
#endif
``` |
The Dornier Do 32E was a simple, collapsible one-man helicopter, designed for military use in Germany in the 1960s. Despite initial hopes of large orders and some proposed civilian roles, only three flew.
Development
In the early 1960s, the German Army had an interest in a small helicopter for observation and communications duties that could be folded up compactly enough to be carried in a trailer pulled by a jeep. The Do 32, like several other light helicopters of the time such as the Fairey Ultra-light Helicopter and the Sud-Ouest Djinn, used rotor tip jets to drive the rotor blades. The advantage of tip drive is the absence of torque reaction, making a tail rotor unnecessary, saving weight and simplifying control of the aircraft. Dornier used a small gas turbine to drive a compressor, which fed air out through tubes in the rotors to the tips.
The Do 32 was structurally very simple, with a square section, tapering fuselage behind the pilot. The BMW 6012L turbine and compressor were placed on top of the fuselage, immediately behind the rotor pylon. Its exhaust impinged upon a large rectangular rudder, built to resist thermal stresses, for yaw control. The horizontal tailplane was swept. The pilot sat in front of the rotor pylon, on a simple seat, carried on the lower longerons. He controlled the plane of the two-bladed rotor directly with a long curved hanging arm, and its pitch with a conventional collective pitch lever by his left side. The rudder pedals were almost straight out in front of him on a strut that also carried, beyond his feet, some simple instruments. This member also formed part of the simple three-legged undercarriage, each strut ending with an unsprung foot.
The Do 32 first flew on 29 June 1962, and much flight testing was done with this aircraft and two further prototypes. The aircraft was also stowed in a trailer, transported, unfolded and flown. The heavy rotor could be spun up before takeoff with zero pitch, containing enough energy for a rapid initial vertical climb or jump start, autogyro fashion. All three were eventually lost in accidents with different causes. Though Dornier had hopes of large Army orders, none followed. Agricultural applications were considered, and there was a design project for the Do 32Z, a two-seat version with a bigger engine, but no more manned Do 32s flew. The unflown fourth prototype is on display at the Deutsches Museum, painted as the first prototype D-HOPA. The Do 32U was a pilotless version of the Do 32E, very similar, apart from the missing seat. The Do 32K, developed into the Do 34, was also an unmanned drone with compressed air-driven rotors, but without a fuselage.
Operator
Luftwaffe
Specifications
See also
Notes
References
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Do 032
Experimental helicopters
1960s German military aircraft
1960s German helicopters
Single-turbine helicopters
Tipjet-powered helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1962 |
Originally used in the context of upper class English society, ton meant a fashionable manner or style, or something for the moment in vogue. It could also (generally with the definite article: the ton) mean people of fashion, or fashionable society generally. A variant of the French bon-ton, a now-archaic expression designating good style or breeding, polite or fashionable society, or the fashionable world, ton's first recorded use in English was according to the Oxford English Dictionary in 1769. In British English, the word is pronounced as in French /tɒ̃/, with American English favouring the Anglicised pronunciation /tɔn/ or /tɑn/.
Social ladder
Ton society was intensely class-conscious and the social hierarchy was rigid.
Members of the ton came from the aristocracy (nobility), gentry and royalty. Though some wealthier members of the middle classes could marry into the lower ranks of the gentry, such unions were not completely accepted by the elite ton. Social positions could be altered or determined by income, houses, speech, manner of dress, or even etiquette. Climbing the social ladder could take generations, particularly into the aristocracy, which did not readily accept those perceived to be of inferior birth.
Circles considered "best"
Fashion, etiquette, manners, social customs, and many other aspects of social life were all dictated by the ton. The ton's generally acknowledged leaders were the Lady Patronesses of Almack's. As London's most exclusive mixed-sex social club, Almack's represented the best and wealthiest among the ton. The conventions of ton life were highly structured and complex. Social acceptance was crucial and mostly based on birth and family. Acceptable social behaviours differed for men and women; they were based on a system validated primarily by the patronesses of Almack's, who determined who could be admitted to its functions. Some of these behaviours were flexible – they adapted slightly with the fashions of each season – but they always reflected the current modes of manners, fashion, and propriety.
The privileged members of the ton could pursue an extravagant life of indulgence, but there were often double standards for its members. The flexibility of social rules was unofficially determined by an individual's status, wealth, or family connections. Royalty were forgiven almost any transgression. Scandalous activity such as having illegitimate children or conducting extramarital affairs might incite gossip, but were often overlooked for members of the aristocracy, while such conduct among the gentry could destroy an entire family's social aspirations.
The season
The Season was the name given to the months between late January and early July. It officially began when Parliament reopened in London and was the season for social entertainments – balls, theatre parties, dances, masquerades, military reviews, and other social pleasures enjoyed by the ton. Families with marriageable children used the Season to present their children to the ton in hopes of arranging profitable marriages. For this reason, the Season has also been called the "Marriage Mart" by notables such as Lord Byron. For marriageable girls, the Season was an intense period of social networking in which a faux pas could affect their marriage and social prospects within the ton.
Depictions
The ton in Regency England is depicted in many of the Regency romances of Georgette Heyer, and in Julia Quinn's 2000–2006 Bridgerton novel series. The latter has been adapted as a streaming television series Bridgerton, the first season of which aired on Netflix in 2020.
See also
Brooks's
Beau Brummell
Regency fashions
White's
References
Further reading
External links
Almack's Assembly Rooms
Regency era
Regency London
High society (social class)
Upper class culture |
Richard Longfield, 1st Viscount Longueville (1734–1811) was an Irish Member of Parliament and later a peer.
He was High Sheriff of County Cork in 1758–61. He sat in the Irish House of Commons for Charleville in County Cork (1761–68), and for Cork City (1776–83). In 1783 he was declared not duly elected. He sat for Baltimore, County Cork (1783–1790) before regaining the Cork City seat (1790–96).
Longfield was granted two titles in the Peerage of Ireland. On 1 October 1795, was created Baron Longueville, of Longueville in the County of Cork and on 29 December 1800, he was created Viscount Longueville some months after the extinction of that title in the Peerage of England. Both his titles became extinct on his death in 1811.
References
1734 births
1811 deaths
Longfield
Longfield
Longfield
Longfield
Peers of Ireland created by George III
Viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland
Members of the Irish House of Lords
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for Cork City |
Ahmad Mohammad Ali al-Hada is an al-Qaeda operative from Yemen whose family was described by US government officials as a "supercell" within the al-Qaeda network. By February 2002, the "communications hub" which al-Hada running was no longer active following the death of his son, Samir.
Early life and Al-Qaeda
Al-Hada is native of Dhamar Governorate, and is a veteran of Soviet–Afghan War, where he met Osama bin Laden. It's reported that al-Hada was a close friend of Bin Laden. From 1996 until 2006, he operated, along with his son, Samir Al-Hada, an al-Qaeda safe house and a communication center in Sana'a, which was the direct link from al-Qaeda central to Yemen. He was captured by the Yemeni government in 2006, but was set free, possibly after a tribal deal. As of 2007, his whereabouts are unknown.
Family
Al-Hada's son-in-law, Khalid al-Mihdhar, was one of the hijackers that flew American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon as part of the September 11 attacks. Another son-in-law, Mustafa Abdulkader, has been listed on FBI terror alerts. In February 2002, Al-Hada's son, Samir al-Hada, committed suicide using a hand grenade, to avoid questioning by security forces about the Cole bombing. Two of Ahmed Al-Hada’s brothers were killed in Afghanistan during operation “Absolute Justice” and a third brother, Abdullah Al-Hada, is wanted by the Yemen authorities for terror charges.
USS Cole bombing
Al-Hada allegedly provided the telephone number in Yemen that served as the switchboard for al-Qaeda operations leading up to the USS Cole bombing and September 11 attacks. In The Looming Tower he was cited as being in Yemeni custody.
References
Yemeni al-Qaeda members
People from Dhamar Governorate
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Olu Benson Lulu-Briggs (1930–2018) was a Nigerian statesman and businessman. He was the "Iniikeroari V" of Kalabari Kingdom and the Paramount Head of Oruwari Briggs House of Abonnema. According to the 2012 Forbes magazine Africa's 40 Rich List, OB Lulu-Briggs, the founder and chairman of Moni Pulo petroleum development limited, was the 31st richest man in Africa.
References
1930 births
2018 deaths |
This is a list of notable meat dishes. Some meat dishes are prepared using two or more types of meat, while others are only prepared using one type. Furthermore, some dishes can be prepared using various types of meats, such as the enchilada, which can be prepared using beef, pork or chicken.
Meat dishes
The following meat dishes are prepared using various types of meats, and some are prepared using two or more types of meat in the dish.
Anticucho – popular and inexpensive dishes that originated in the Andes during the pre-Columbian era. While anticuchos can be made of any type of meat, the most popular are made of beef heart (anticuchos de corazón).
Asocena
Baeckeoffe – a French casserole dish prepared using mutton, beef and pork
Bangers and mash
Barbacoa
Berner Platte – a traditional meat dish of Bernese cuisine in Switzerland. It consists of various meat and sausage varieties such as smoked pork and beef, pork belly, sausage, bacon and pork ears or tails cooked with juniper-flavored sauerkraut, and other foods such as potatoes and green beans or dried beans, which are served on a large plate.
Beşbarmaq
Birria
Bobotie – a South African dish consisting of spiced minced meat baked with an egg-based topping.
Boliche
Bosintang – a Korean soup that includes dog meat as its primary ingredient.
Braciola
Breaded cutlet – a dish made from coating a cutlet of meat with breading or batter and either frying or baking it.
Brunswick stew
Burgoo – a spicy stew that originated in the U.S. state of Kentucky, it is also referred to as "roadkill soup". It can be prepared using pork, chicken or mutton.
Cabeza guateada – a traditional earth oven dish from Argentina made with the head of a cow and condiments.
Capuns
Carimañola
Carne a la tampiqueña
Carne pinchada – a Nicaraguan dish consisting of meat (such as beef or chicken) marinated in an alcohol sauce, using beer (Tona or Victoria) or wine.
Carne pizzaiola
Carpaccio
Chiles en nogada
Chislic
Chunla
Churrasco
Çiğ köfte
City chicken
Cockentrice – a dish consisting of a suckling pig's upper body sewn onto the bottom half of a capon or turkey. Alternately, the front end (head and torso) of the poultry is sewn to the rump of the piglet. The dish originates from the Middle Ages and at least one source attributes the Tudor dynasty of the Kingdom of England as its originator.
Compote – a game meat dish
Curanto
Discada – a mixed meat dish popular in northern Mexican states, it includes a mixture of grilled meats cooked on an agricultural plow disk harrow, hence its name.
Durus kura — a whole chicken roast
Enchilada
Escalope – boneless meat that has been thinned out using a mallet, rolling pin or beaten with the handle of a knife, or merely butterflied. The mallet breaks down the fibers in the meat, making it more tender, while the thinner meat cooks faster with less moisture loss. The meat is then coated and fried.
Farsu magru – a traditional meat roll dish in Sicilian cuisine that dates to the 13th century prepared using beef or veal.
Fatányéros
Finnbiff
Flurgönder
Fricassee – a method of cooking meat in which it is cut up, sautéed and braised, and served with its sauce, traditionally a white sauce. Fricassee can also refer to a type of sandwich made in Tunisia with fried bread and typically filled with many ingredients including tuna, olives, hard-boiled egg, middle eastern tomato salad, and others.
Frigărui
Giouvetsi
Güveç
Guyanese pepperpot – A Guyanese dish prepared using meats such as beef, pork and mutton
Gyro
Hachee
Haggis
Hodge-Podge – a meat soup
Inihaw
Jerusalem mixed grill – a grilled meat dish considered a specialty of Jerusalem. It consists of chicken hearts, spleens and liver mixed with bits of lamb cooked on a flat grill, seasoned with onion, garlic, black pepper, cumin, turmeric, olive oil and coriander.
Jugging – the process of stewing whole animals, mainly game or fish, for an extended period in a tightly covered container such as a casserole or an earthenware jug
Kaalilaatikko
Kachilaa
Kelaguen
Khorovats
Kibbeh nayyeh – a Levantine mezze consisting of minced raw lamb or raw beef mixed with fine bulgur and spices.
Kielbasa
Kiviak
Kohlwurst
Koi
Korean barbecue – refers to the Korean method of roasting meat, typically beef, pork, or chicken. Such dishes are often prepared at diner table on gas or charcoal grills, built into the table itself.
Kutti pi
Larb – a type of Lao meat salad most often made with chicken, beef, duck, fish, pork or mushrooms
Laurices
Lawar
Lihapiirakka
Lomo a lo pobre – in Peruvian cuisine, consists of a cut of beef tenderloin (Spanish lomo) topped with one or more fried eggs and generally served with French fries and fried onions.
Lörtsy
Maksalaatikko – a Finnish liver casserole that is traditionally eaten on Christmas
À la Maréchale – a method of food preparation in haute cuisine, dishes à la Maréchale are made from tender pieces of meat, such as cutlets, escalopes, supremes, sweetbreads, or fish, which are treated à l'anglais ("English-style"), i.e. coated with eggs and bread crumbs, and sautéed.
Meatcake
Menchi-katsu
Mett
Mikoyan cutlet – was a Soviet semi-processed ground meat cutlet variety on the basis of American hamburger beef patty, nicknamed after Soviet politician Anastas Mikoyan. In 1964, The New York Times reported that the Mikoyan cutlet was "the cheapest, most popular if not most revered piece of meat a few kopecks can buy".
Mixed grill
Mixiote – a traditional pit-barbecued meat dish in central Mexico; especially in the Basin of Mexico. It can also be prepared in an oven. It is usually made with mutton or rabbit, but chicken, lamb, and pork are also used.
Mykyrokka
Naryn
Nem nguội
Pachamanca
Pachola
Pamplona – a grilled stuffed-meat dish from Uruguay prepared with chicken, and may be prepared with other meats such as pork and beef.
Pastramă – a popular delicatessen meat traditionally in Romania made from lamb and also from pork and mutton
Peremech
Pljeskavica
Po
Poc Chuc
Poronkäristys
Potjevleesch – a traditional French Flemish dish, which can be translated into English as "potted meat", it is prepared using three or four different types of meat and held together either with gelatin or natural fats coming from the meats used.
Poume d'oranges
Pringá
Pukala
Pyttipanna
Qingtang wanzi
Rat-on-a-stick – a dish or snack consisting of a roasted rat served on a stick or skewer that is consumed in Thailand and Vietnam. Prior to roasting, the rat is typically skinned and washed, after which it is gutted to remove its internal organs and then roasted.
Ražnjići
Renskav
Riz gras
Rundstück warm
Sanjeok
Sapu Mhicha – a specialty of the Newari cuisine of the Kathmandu Valley that is prepared during special occasions, it consists of buffalo leaf tripe stuffed with bone marrow that is boiled and fried.
Saramură
Sate kambing – the Indonesian name for "mutton satay"
Satti
Sauerbraten
Sautéed reindeer
Schäufele
Schlachteplatte – a hearty German mixed grill dish that primarily consists of boiled pork belly (Kesselfleisch) and freshly cooked Blutwurst and Leberwurst sausages. The cooking process produces sausage juices which, together with any split sausages, are used as a soup known as Metzelsuppe. As a result, in many places, e.g. in parts of the Palatinate, the entire festival and the meal in particular, is known as metzelsupp.
Seco
Seswaa – a traditional meat dish of Botswana made of beef and goat meat
Shaokao
Shish kebab
Shuizhu
Smokie – a West African dish prepared by blowtorching the fleece off the unskinned carcass of an old sheep or goat.
Souvlaki
Speckkuchen
Ssam
Stew peas
Suanla chaoshou – a dish in Sichuan cuisine that consists of a spicy sauce over steamed, meat-filled dumplings
Surf and turf
Swan Puka
Tataki
Teste de Turke
Toad in the hole – a traditional English dish consisting of sausages in Yorkshire pudding batter, usually served with onion gravy and vegetables. Historically, the dish has also been prepared using other meats, such as rump steak and lamb's kidney.
Turducken
Tushonka – a canned stewed meat especially popular in Russia and other countries of the former Eastern Bloc
Wurstsalat – a German sausage salad
Xab Momo
Yakiniku
Zoervleis – a regional meat dish from the Province of Limburg, a region split between Limburg (Netherlands) and Limburg (Belgium), that is typically prepared using horse meat.
By type
Beef
Fish
Goat
Lamb and mutton
Meatball
Pork
Poultry
Sausage
Seafood
See also
Meat dishes by country (Category page)
Barbecue restaurant
List of barbecue dishes
List of domesticated meat animals
Lists of foods
List of kebabs
List of smoked foods
List of spit-roasted foods
Mystery meat
Patty
Regional variations of barbecue
References
External links
Lists of foods by ingredient |
```c
/* LibTomCrypt, modular cryptographic library -- Tom St Denis
*
* LibTomCrypt is a library that provides various cryptographic
* algorithms in a highly modular and flexible manner.
*
* The library is free for all purposes without any express
* guarantee it works.
*
* Tom St Denis, tomstdenis@gmail.com, path_to_url
*/
#include "tomcrypt.h"
/**
@file der_length_integer.c
ASN.1 DER, get length of encoding, Tom St Denis
*/
#ifdef LTC_DER
/**
Gets length of DER encoding of num
@param num The int to get the size of
@param outlen [out] The length of the DER encoding for the given integer
@return CRYPT_OK if successful
*/
int der_length_integer(void *num, unsigned long *outlen)
{
unsigned long z, len;
int leading_zero;
LTC_ARGCHK(num != NULL);
LTC_ARGCHK(outlen != NULL);
if (mp_cmp_d(num, 0) != LTC_MP_LT) {
/* positive */
/* we only need a leading zero if the msb of the first byte is one */
if ((mp_count_bits(num) & 7) == 0 || mp_iszero(num) == LTC_MP_YES) {
leading_zero = 1;
} else {
leading_zero = 0;
}
/* size for bignum */
z = len = leading_zero + mp_unsigned_bin_size(num);
} else {
/* it's negative */
/* find power of 2 that is a multiple of eight and greater than count bits */
leading_zero = 0;
z = mp_count_bits(num);
z = z + (8 - (z & 7));
if (((mp_cnt_lsb(num)+1)==mp_count_bits(num)) && ((mp_count_bits(num)&7)==0)) --z;
len = z = z >> 3;
}
/* now we need a length */
if (z < 128) {
/* short form */
++len;
} else {
/* long form (relies on z != 0), assumes length bytes < 128 */
++len;
while (z) {
++len;
z >>= 8;
}
}
/* we need a 0x02 to indicate it's INTEGER */
++len;
/* return length */
*outlen = len;
return CRYPT_OK;
}
#endif
/* $Source: /cvs/libtom/libtomcrypt/src/pk/asn1/der/integer/der_length_integer.c,v $ */
/* $Revision: 1.4 $ */
/* $Date: 2006/04/22 01:22:55 $ */
``` |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using DotnetSpider.Extensions;
using DotnetSpider.MessageQueue;
using DotnetSpider.Statistic.Store;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using IMessageQueue = DotnetSpider.MessageQueue.IMessageQueue;
namespace DotnetSpider.Statistic;
public class StatisticHostService(
ILogger<StatisticHostService> logger,
IMessageQueue messageQueue,
IStatisticStore statisticStore)
: BackgroundService
{
private AsyncMessageConsumer<byte[]> _consumer;
protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
{
logger.LogDebug("Statistic service is starting");
await statisticStore.EnsureDatabaseAndTableCreatedAsync();
_consumer = new AsyncMessageConsumer<byte[]>(Topics.Statistics);
_consumer.Received += async bytes =>
{
var message = await bytes.DeserializeAsync(stoppingToken);
switch (message)
{
case null:
logger.LogWarning("Received empty message");
return;
case Messages.Statistic.Success success:
await statisticStore.IncreaseSuccessAsync(success.SpiderId);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.Start start:
await statisticStore.StartAsync(start.SpiderId, start.SpiderName);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.Failure failure:
await statisticStore.IncreaseFailureAsync(failure.SpiderId);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.Total total:
await statisticStore.IncreaseTotalAsync(total.SpiderId, total.Count);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.Exit exit:
await statisticStore.ExitAsync(exit.SpiderId);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.RegisterAgent registerAgent:
await statisticStore.RegisterAgentAsync(registerAgent.AgentId, registerAgent.AgentName);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.AgentSuccess agentSuccess:
await statisticStore.IncreaseAgentSuccessAsync(agentSuccess.AgentId,
agentSuccess.ElapsedMilliseconds);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.AgentFailure agentFailure:
await statisticStore.IncreaseAgentFailureAsync(agentFailure.AgentId,
agentFailure.ElapsedMilliseconds);
break;
case Messages.Statistic.Print print:
{
var statistics = await statisticStore.GetSpiderStatisticAsync(print.SpiderId);
if (statistics != null)
{
var left = statistics.Total >= statistics.Success
? (statistics.Total - statistics.Success - statistics.Failure).ToString()
: "-";
var now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
var speed = (decimal)(statistics.Success /
(now - (statistics.Start ?? now.AddMinutes(-1))).TotalSeconds);
logger.LogInformation(
"Spider {SpiderId} total {Total}, speed: {Speed}, success {Success}, failure {Failure}, left {Left}",
print.SpiderId, statistics.Total, decimal.Round(speed, 2), statistics.Success,
statistics.Failure, left);
}
break;
}
default:
{
var text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(JsonSerializer.SerializeToUtf8Bytes(message));
logger.LogWarning("Not supported message: {NotSupportedMessage}", text);
break;
}
}
};
await messageQueue.ConsumeAsync(_consumer);
logger.LogDebug("Statistic service started");
}
public override async Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
logger.LogDebug("Statistic service is stopping");
_consumer?.Close();
await base.StopAsync(cancellationToken);
logger.LogDebug("Statistic service stopped");
}
}
``` |
The 2021 Rugby World Cup was an international rugby union tournament held in New Zealand from 8 October until 12 November 2022. Twelve national teams competed, and each brought a 32-player squad containing no regulated number of players per-position to the tournament. The tournament was administered by World Rugby, to whom each team submitted their finalised squad.
The numbers of caps for each player do not include any matches played after the start of tournament.
Overview
Below is a table listing all the head coaches and captains for each nation.
Pool A
Australia
Australia named their final 32-player squad on 7 September 2022.
New Zealand
New Zealand named their final 32-player squad on 13 September 2022.
Scotland
Scotland named their final 32-player squad on 15 September 2022.
1On 17 October Choe Rollie left the squad through injury. No replacement was called up.
Wales
Wales named their final 32-player squad on 21 September 2022.
1On 12 October Alisha Butchers was released from the squad following a knee injury sustained in Wales' match against Scotland. No replacement was initially called up.
2On 26 October Kate Williams was called up to the Wales squad.
Pool B
Canada
Canada named their final 32-player squad on 31 August 2022.
1On 5 October Laura Russell was ruled out of the tournament through injury. She was replaced by Pamphinette Buisa.
2On 20 October Taylor Perry and Brianna Miller were both ruled out of the remainder of the tournament through injury. Veronica Harrigan joined the squad.
Maya Montiel, Cindy Nelles, Abby Duguid, Janna Slevinsky, Renee Gonzalez and Chloe Daniels were selected as non-travelling reserves.
Italy
Italy named their final 32-player squad on 21 September 2022.
Japan
Japan named their final 32-player squad on 13 September 2022.
United States
The United States named their final 32-player squad on 16 September 2022.
Alycia Washington, Rachel Ehrecke, Bulou Mataitoga and Saher Hamdan were named as non-travelling reserves.
Pool C
England
England named their final 32-player squad on 20 September 2022.
1On 22 October Laura Keates withdrew from the squad due to injury. They were replaced by Detysha Harper.
Fiji
Fiji named their final 32-player squad on 21 September 2022.
France
France named their final 32-player squad on 11 September 2022
1On 17 October Laure Sansus withdrew from the squad through injury. She was replaced by Marie Dupouy.
South Africa
South Africa named their final 32-player squad on 21 September 2022.
Statistics
All statistics relate to the initial 32-man squads named prior to the start of the tournament on 8 October 2022 and do not include players who joined a squad during the tournament.
Six squads included no players based outside their home country: Australia, New Zealand, England, France, Japan and South Africa
The squads with the fewest players playing domestically are Wales (zero) and Scotland (nine)
Player representation by club
The 384 participating players, 2 players unattached, represented 84 different club sides and 3 national sevens programs. The sides with the most players selected are below:
Players representation by league
Squad Caps
References
2021
squads |
The Moroccan Western Sahara Wall or the Berm, also called the Moroccan sand wall (), is an approximately berm running south to north through Western Sahara and the southwestern portion of Morocco. It separates the Moroccan-controlled areas (the Southern Provinces) on the west from the Polisario-controlled areas (Free Zone, nominally Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) on the east. The main function of the barriers is to exclude guerrilla fighters of the Polisario Front, who have sought Western Saharan independence since before Spain ended its colonial occupation in 1975, from the Moroccan-controlled western part of the territory.
According to maps from the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) or the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in some places the wall extends several kilometers into internationally recognized Mauritanian territory.
Names
The wall is also called the Western Sahara berm and the Western Sahara separation barrier.
Physical structure
The fortifications lie in uninhabited or very sparsely inhabited territory. They consist of sand and stone walls or berms about in height, with bunkers, fences, and landmines throughout. The barrier minebelt that runs along the structure is thought to be the longest continuous minefield in the world. Military bases, artillery posts and airfields dot the Moroccan-controlled side of the wall at regular intervals, and radar masts and other electronic surveillance equipment scan the areas in front of it.
The following is one observer's description of the berm from 2001:
In all, six lines of berms have been constructed. The main ("external") line of fortifications extends for about . It runs east from Guerguerat on the coast in the extreme south of Western Sahara near the Mauritanian town of Nouadhibou, closely parallelling the Mauritanian border for about , before turning north beyond Tichla. It then runs generally northeastward, leaving Guelta Zemmur and Smara, again crossing Mauritanian territory and reaching Haouza in Moroccan-held territory, before turning east and again closely following the Algerian border as it approaches Morocco. A section extends about into southeastern Morocco.
Significant lines of fortifications also lie deep within the Moroccan-controlled area. Their exact number and location are a source of some confusion for overseas commentators.
All major settlements in Western Sahara, the capital Laayoune, and the phosphate mine at Bou Craa lie far into the Moroccan-held side.
History
Construction
The fortifications were progressively built by Moroccan forces starting in 1980, with help from South African, South Korean, and Israeli advisors and formally ending on 16 April 1987. The wall was built in six stages, and the area behind the wall was expanded from a small area near Morocco in the north to most of the western and central part of the country gradually. The walls built were:
1st wall (August 1980 – June 1982) surrounding the "useful triangle" of El Aaiún, Smara, and the phosphate mines at Bou Craa, built with the help of South African military engineers and Portuguese and French renegade mercenaries (c. ).
2nd wall (December 1983 – January 1984) surrounding Amgala (c. ).
3rd wall (April 1984 – May 1984) surrounding Jdiriya and Haouza (c. ).
4th wall (December 1984 – January 1985) surrounding Mahbes and Farciya (c. ).
5th wall (May–September 1985) surrounding Guelta Zemmur, Bir Anzarane, and Dakhla, again with the help of South African and Israeli experts (c. )
6th wall (February–April 1987) surrounding Auserd, Tichla, and Bir Ganduz (c. ).
7th wall (November–December 2020) from 6th wall to Mauritanian frontier (c. ).
2005 expulsion incident
In the summer of 2005, the Moroccan Army accelerated the expulsion (begun in late 2004) of illegal immigrants detained in northern Morocco to the eastern side of the wall, into the Free Zone. The Polisario Front and the MINURSO rescued several dozen lost in the desert, who had run out of water. Others died of thirst. By October, the Polisario had received 22 immigrants in Mehaires, 46 in Tifariti and 97 in Bir Lehlu. They were from African countries (Gambia, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, etc.), except a group of 48 who were from Bangladesh.
The Thousand Column demonstration
Since 2008, a demonstration called "The Thousand Column" is held annually in the desert against the barrier by international human rights activists and Sahrawi refugees. In the 2008 demonstration, more than 2,000 people (most of them Sahrawis and Spaniards, but also Algerians, Italians, and others) made a human chain demanding the demolition of the wall, the celebration of the self-determination referendum accorded by the UN and the parts in 1991, and the end of the Moroccan occupation of the territory.
During the 2009 demonstration, a teenage Sahrawi refugee named Ibrahim Hussein Leibeit lost half of his right leg in a landmine explosion. The incident happened when Leibeit and dozens of young Sahrawis crossed the line into a minefield while aiming to throw stones to the other side of the wall.
Effect
Effectively, after the completion of the wall, Morocco has controlled the bulk of Western Sahara territory that lies to the north and west of it, calling these the kingdom's "Southern Provinces". The Polisario-founded Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic controls the mostly uninhabited "Free Zone", which comprises all areas to the east of the barrier. Units from the United Nations mission MINURSO separate the two sides, and enforce cease-fire regulations on their troops.
External reactions and opinions
Western attention to the wall, and to the Moroccan annexation of Western Sahara in general, has been minimal, apart from Spain. In Africa, the annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco has attracted somewhat more attention. Algeria supports the Polisario Front "in its long-running desert war to oppose Moroccan control of the disputed area". The Organization of African Unity/African Union (AU) and United Nations have proposed negotiated solutions.
The AU's stance on Western Sahara led to Morocco's exit from the organization. After a 33-year absence, Morocco rejoined on 30 January 2017, despite 9 member states voting against, but 39 supporting. Morocco was re-admitted with the understanding that Western Sahara will remain an AU member. The membership of relatively wealthy Morocco was welcomed by many members, as the AU has been criticized for being overly dependent on non-African donor funding.
Gallery
See also
Defensive wall
List of walls
Israeli West Bank barrier
Wall of Shame
References and notes
External links
Map of Western Sahara, with the location of the wall marked Produced by the United Nations, showing the deployment of the MINURSO mission as of January 2014. Map No. 3691 Rev. 72 United Nations, January 2014 (Colour), Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic Section
Landmine Monitor, LM Report 2006, Morocco
Landmine Monitor, LM Report 2006, Western Sahara
Landmine Monitor, LM Report 2006, Algeria
Profile – Created by the United Nations MINURSO mission
Walls
Western Sahara conflict
Buildings and structures in Western Sahara
Separation barriers
Borders of Morocco
Borders of Western Sahara
Politics of Morocco
Politics of Western Sahara |
In hyperbolic geometry, a uniform honeycomb in hyperbolic space is a uniform tessellation of uniform polyhedral cells. In 3-dimensional hyperbolic space there are nine Coxeter group families of compact convex uniform honeycombs, generated as Wythoff constructions, and represented by permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams for each family.
Hyperbolic uniform honeycomb families
Honeycombs are divided between compact and paracompact forms defined by Coxeter groups, the first category only including finite cells and vertex figures (finite subgroups), and the second includes affine subgroups.
Compact uniform honeycomb families
The nine compact Coxeter groups are listed here with their Coxeter diagrams,
in order of the relative volumes of their fundamental simplex domains.
These 9 families generate a total of 76 unique uniform honeycombs. The full list of hyperbolic uniform honeycombs has not been proven and an unknown number of non-Wythoffian forms exist. Two known examples are cited with the {3,5,3} family below. Only two families are related as a mirror-removal halving: [5,31,1] ↔ [5,3,4,1+].
There are just two radical subgroups with non-simplicial domains that can be generated by removing a set of two or more mirrors separated by all other mirrors by even-order branches. One is [(4,3,4,3*)], represented by Coxeter diagrams an index 6 subgroup with a trigonal trapezohedron fundamental domain ↔ , which can be extended by restoring one mirror as . The other is [4,(3,5)*], index 120 with a dodecahedral fundamental domain.
Paracompact hyperbolic uniform honeycombs
There are also 23 paracompact Coxeter groups of rank 4 that produce paracompact uniform honeycombs with infinite or unbounded facets or vertex figure, including ideal vertices at infinity.
Other paracompact Coxeter groups exists as Vinberg polytope fundamental domains, including these triangular bipyramid fundamental domains (double tetrahedra) as rank 5 graphs including parallel mirrors. Uniform honeycombs exist as all permutations of rings in these graphs, with the constraint that at least one node must be ringed across infinite order branches.
[3,5,3] family
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [3,5,3] or
One related non-wythoffian form is constructed from the {3,5,3} vertex figure with 4 (tetrahedrally arranged) vertices removed, creating pentagonal antiprisms and dodecahedra filling in the gaps, called a tetrahedrally diminished dodecahedron. Another is constructed with 2 antipodal vertices removed.
The bitruncated and runcinated forms (5 and 6) contain the faces of two regular skew polyhedrons: {4,10|3} and {10,4|3}.
[5,3,4] family
There are 15 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [5,3,4] or .
This family is related to the group [5,31,1] by a half symmetry [5,3,4,1+], or ↔ , when the last mirror after the order-4 branch is inactive, or as an alternation if the third mirror is inactive ↔ .
[5,3,5] family
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [5,3,5] or
The bitruncated and runcinated forms (29 and 30) contain the faces of two regular skew polyhedrons: {4,6|5} and {6,4|5}.
[5,31,1] family
There are 11 forms (and only 4 not shared with [5,3,4] family), generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [5,31,1] or . If the branch ring states match, an extended symmetry can double into the [5,3,4] family, ↔ .
[(4,3,3,3)] family
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group:
The bitruncated and runcinated forms (41 and 42) contain the faces of two regular skew polyhedrons: {8,6|3} and {6,8|3}.
[(5,3,3,3)] family
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group:
The bitruncated and runcinated forms (50 and 51) contain the faces of two regular skew polyhedrons: {10,6|3} and {6,10|3}.
[(4,3,4,3)] family
There are 6 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: . There are 4 extended symmetries possible based on the symmetry of the rings: , , , and .
This symmetry family is also related to a radical subgroup, index 6, ↔ , constructed by [(4,3,4,3*)], and represents a trigonal trapezohedron fundamental domain.
The truncated forms (57 and 58) contain the faces of two regular skew polyhedrons: {6,6|4} and {8,8|3}.
[(4,3,5,3)] family
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group:
The truncated forms (65 and 66) contain the faces of two regular skew polyhedrons: {10,6|3} and {6,10|3}.
[(5,3,5,3)] family
There are 6 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: . There are 4 extended symmetries possible based on the symmetry of the rings: , , , and .
The truncated forms (72 and 73) contain the faces of two regular skew polyhedrons: {6,6|5} and {10,10|3}.
Other non-Wythoffians
There are several other known non-Wythoffian uniform compact hyperbolic honeycombs, and it is not known how many are left to be discovered. Two have been listed above as diminishings of the icosahedral honeycomb {3,5,3}.
In 1997 Wendy Krieger discovered an infinite series of uniform hyperbolic honeycombs with pseudoicosahedral vertex figures, made from 8 cubes and 12 p-gonal prisms at a vertex for any integer p. In the case p = 4, all cells are cubes and the result is the order-5 cubic honeycomb.
Another two known ones are related to noncompact families. The tessellation consists of truncated cubes and infinite order-8 triangular tilings . However the latter intersect the sphere at infinity orthogonally, having exactly the same curvature as the hyperbolic space, and can be replaced by mirror images of the remainder of the tessellation, resulting in a compact uniform honeycomb consisting only of the truncated cubes. (So they are analogous to the hemi-faces of spherical hemipolyhedra.) Something similar can be done with the tessellation consisting of small rhombicuboctahedra , infinite order-8 triangular tilings , and infinite order-8 square tilings . The order-8 square tilings already intersect the sphere at infinity orthogonally, and if the order-8 triangular tilings are augmented with a set of triangular prisms, the surface passing through their centre points also intersects the sphere at infinity orthogonally. After replacing with mirror images, the result is a compact honeycomb containing the small rhombicuboctahedra and the triangular prisms.
Another non-Wythoffian was discovered in 2021. It has as vertex figure a snub cube with 8 vertices removed and contains two octahedra and eight snub cubes at each vertex. Subsequently Krieger found a non-Wythoffian with a snub cube as the vertex figure, containing 32 tetrahedra and 6 octahedra at each vertex, and that the truncated and rectified versions of this honeycomb are still uniform. In 2022, Richard Klitzing generalised this construction to use any snub as vertex figure: the result is compact for p=4 or 5, paracompact for p=6, and hypercompact for p>6.
Summary enumeration of compact uniform honeycombs
This is the complete enumeration of the 76 Wythoffian uniform honeycombs. The alternations are listed for completeness, but most are non-uniform.
See also
Uniform tilings in hyperbolic plane
List of regular polytopes#Tessellations of hyperbolic 3-space
Notes
References
James E. Humphreys, Reflection Groups and Coxeter Groups, Cambridge studies in advanced mathematics, 29 (1990)
The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays (1999), Dover Publications, , (Chapter 10, Regular Honeycombs in Hyperbolic Space)
Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. . (Tables I and II: Regular polytopes and honeycombs, pp. 294–296)
Jeffrey R. Weeks The Shape of Space, 2nd edition (Chapters 16–17: Geometries on Three-manifolds I,II)
Coxeter Decompositions of Hyperbolic Tetrahedra, arXiv/PDF, A. Felikson, December 2002
C. W. L. Garner, Regular Skew Polyhedra in Hyperbolic Three-Space Can. J. Math. 19, 1179–1186, 1967. PDF
Norman Johnson, Geometries and Transformations (2018), Chapters 11,12,13
N. W. Johnson, R. Kellerhals, J. G. Ratcliffe, S. T. Tschantz, The size of a hyperbolic Coxeter simplex, Transformation Groups 1999, Volume 4, Issue 4, pp 329–353
N.W. Johnson, R. Kellerhals, J.G. Ratcliffe,S.T. Tschantz, Commensurability classes of hyperbolic Coxeter groups H3: p130.
Honeycombs (geometry) |
Stanisław Jan Gucwa (18 April 1919 – 14 August 1994) was a Polish politician and economist. He was the Marshal of the Sejm from 1972 until 1985.
Biography
Gucwa was born in Przybysławice. During World War II, he participated in the Polish resistance movement under the pseudonyms Golec and Socha.
In 1949, he joined the United People's Party. He was a member of the Sejm from 1961 until 1989 and the Marshal of the Sejm from 1972 until 1985.
In 1974, Gucwa received the Order of the Builders of People's Poland. He also received the Order of the Banner of Work First Class and the Order of Polonia Restituta Third Class.
References
1919 births
1994 deaths
People from Tarnów County
Members of the Polish Sejm 1961–1965
Members of the Polish Sejm 1965–1969
Members of the Polish Sejm 1969–1972
Members of the Polish Sejm 1972–1976
Members of the Polish Sejm 1976–1980
Members of the Polish Sejm 1980–1985
Members of the Polish Sejm 1985–1989
20th-century Polish economists
United People's Party (Poland) politicians
Marshals of the Sejm
Polish resistance members of World War II |
Taeniopteryx parvula, the hooked willowfly, is a species of winter stonefly in the family Taeniopterygidae. It is found in North America.
References
Taeniopterygidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1918 |
Tat Khwan () is a village and tambon (subdistrict) of Phaya Mengrai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 4,676 people. The tambon contains eight villages.
References
Tambon of Chiang Rai province
Populated places in Chiang Rai province |
Jinks is a surname and occasional given name. Notable people with the name include:
Catherine Jinks (born 1963), Australian fiction writer
Cody Jinks (born 1980), American country music singer/songwriter
Dan Jinks (active 1997 onwards), American film and TV producer
Derek Jinks, American lawyer
Fred Jinks (1880–1940), Australian rules footballer
Fred Jinks (cricketer) (1909–1996), Australian cricketer
Jimmy Jinks (1916–1981), English footballer
John Jinks (politician) (1871–1934), Irish politician
John L. Jinks (1929–1987), British geneticist
Mike Jinks (born 1972), American football coach
Sam Jinks (born 1973) Australian sculptor
Sue Jinks-Robertson (born 20th century), American professor
Jinks Coleman (1944–2000), American women's basketball coach |
```objective-c
//
// Generated by class-dump 3.5 (64 bit).
//
//
#import <WebDriverAgentLib/CDStructures.h>
#import "XCDebugLogDelegate-Protocol.h"
#import "XCTestDriverInterface-Protocol.h"
#import "XCTestManager_TestsInterface-Protocol.h"
#import "XCTestManager_IDEInterface-Protocol.h"
#import "XCTestManager_ManagerInterface-Protocol.h"
@class DTXConnection, NSMutableArray, NSString, NSUUID, NSXPCConnection, XCTestConfiguration, XCTestSuite;
@interface XCTestDriver : NSObject <XCTestManager_TestsInterface, XCTestDriverInterface, XCDebugLogDelegate>
{
XCTestConfiguration *_testConfiguration;
NSObject<OS_dispatch_queue> *_queue;
NSMutableArray *_debugMessageBuffer;
int _debugMessageBufferOverflow;
}
@property int debugMessageBufferOverflow; // @synthesize debugMessageBufferOverflow=_debugMessageBufferOverflow;
@property(retain) NSMutableArray *debugMessageBuffer; // @synthesize debugMessageBuffer=_debugMessageBuffer;
@property(retain) NSObject<OS_dispatch_queue> *queue; // @synthesize queue=_queue;
@property(readonly) XCTestConfiguration *testConfiguration; // @synthesize testConfiguration=_testConfiguration;
// Removed since Xcode 12.0
+ (instancetype)sharedTestDriver;
- (void)runTestConfiguration:(id)arg1 completionHandler:(CDUnknownBlockType)arg2;
- (void)runTestSuite:(id)arg1 completionHandler:(CDUnknownBlockType)arg2;
- (void)reportStallOnMainThreadInTestCase:(id)arg1 method:(id)arg2 file:(id)arg3 line:(unsigned long long)arg4;
- (BOOL)runTestsAndReturnError:(id *)arg1;
- (id)_readyIDESession:(id *)arg1;
- (int)_connectedSocketForIDESession:(id *)arg1;
- (void)logDebugMessage:(id)arg1;
- (id)initWithTestConfiguration:(id)arg1;
// Removed with iOS 10.3
@property(readonly) id <XCTestManager_ManagerInterface> managerProxy;
@end
``` |
"We Can Make It!" is the nineteenth single by Japanese boy band Arashi. The single was released on May 2, 2007 through J Storm. It was included in the band's seventh studio album Time (2007). "We Can Make It" is a cover of "Love Is All Around" by Swedish singer Agnes Carlsson. The single reached number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.
Single information
"We Can Make It!" was used as the theme song for the television series Bambino! starring Arashi member Jun Matsumoto, making the single the Third consecutive single for a television series starring Matsumoto (the first being "Wish"). "We Can Make It" is a cover of "Love Is All Around" by Swedish singer Agnes Carlsson. It features the same melody, but with different lyrics and a rap part. The B-side "Di-Li-Li" was used as the campaign song for House Foods' "C1000 Lemon Water" commercial.
"We Can Make It!" was released in two editions: a regular edition containing the karaoke versions of the songs released in the single, and a limited edition containing a bonus track and a set of cards enclosed in a clear plastic sleeve that served as the cover art.
Track listing
All track arrangements done by Suzuki Masaya, except where noted.
Charts and certifications
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
External links
Product information
2007 singles
2007 songs
Arashi songs
J Storm singles
Japanese television drama theme songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Songs written by Sho Sakurai
Songs written by Anders Wikström (songwriter)
Songs written by Fredrik Thomander |
```ruby
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
require_relative '../../spec_helper'
require_relative 'fixtures/classes'
describe "String#casecmp independent of case" do
it "returns -1 when less than other" do
"a".casecmp("b").should == -1
"A".casecmp("b").should == -1
end
it "returns 0 when equal to other" do
"a".casecmp("a").should == 0
"A".casecmp("a").should == 0
end
it "returns 1 when greater than other" do
"b".casecmp("a").should == 1
"B".casecmp("a").should == 1
end
it "tries to convert other to string using to_str" do
other = mock('x')
other.should_receive(:to_str).and_return("abc")
"abc".casecmp(other).should == 0
end
it "returns nil if other can't be converted to a string" do
"abc".casecmp(mock('abc')).should be_nil
end
it "returns nil if incompatible encodings" do
"".casecmp("".encode(Encoding::EUC_JP)).should be_nil
end
describe "in UTF-8 mode" do
describe "for non-ASCII characters" do
before :each do
@upper_a_tilde = ""
@lower_a_tilde = ""
@upper_a_umlaut = ""
@lower_a_umlaut = ""
end
it "returns -1 when numerically less than other" do
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp(@lower_a_tilde).should == -1
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp(@upper_a_umlaut).should == -1
end
it "returns 0 when numerically equal to other" do
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp(@upper_a_tilde).should == 0
end
it "returns 1 when numerically greater than other" do
@lower_a_umlaut.casecmp(@upper_a_umlaut).should == 1
@lower_a_umlaut.casecmp(@lower_a_tilde).should == 1
end
end
describe "for ASCII characters" do
it "returns -1 when less than other" do
"a".casecmp("b").should == -1
"A".casecmp("b").should == -1
end
it "returns 0 when equal to other" do
"a".casecmp("a").should == 0
"A".casecmp("a").should == 0
end
it "returns 1 when greater than other" do
"b".casecmp("a").should == 1
"B".casecmp("a").should == 1
end
end
end
describe "for non-ASCII characters" do
before :each do
@upper_a_tilde = "\xc3"
@lower_a_tilde = "\xe3"
end
it "returns -1 when numerically less than other" do
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp(@lower_a_tilde).should == -1
end
it "returns 0 when equal to other" do
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp("\xc3").should == 0
end
it "returns 1 when numerically greater than other" do
@lower_a_tilde.casecmp(@upper_a_tilde).should == 1
end
it "does not case fold" do
"".casecmp("ss").should == 1
end
end
describe "when comparing a subclass instance" do
it "returns -1 when less than other" do
b = StringSpecs::MyString.new "b"
"a".casecmp(b).should == -1
"A".casecmp(b).should == -1
end
it "returns 0 when equal to other" do
a = StringSpecs::MyString.new "a"
"a".casecmp(a).should == 0
"A".casecmp(a).should == 0
end
it "returns 1 when greater than other" do
a = StringSpecs::MyString.new "a"
"b".casecmp(a).should == 1
"B".casecmp(a).should == 1
end
end
it "returns 0 for empty strings in different encodings" do
''.b.casecmp('').should == 0
''.b.casecmp(''.encode("UTF-32LE")).should == 0
end
end
describe 'String#casecmp? independent of case' do
it 'returns true when equal to other' do
'abc'.casecmp?('abc').should == true
'abc'.casecmp?('ABC').should == true
end
it 'returns false when not equal to other' do
'abc'.casecmp?('DEF').should == false
'abc'.casecmp?('def').should == false
end
it "tries to convert other to string using to_str" do
other = mock('x')
other.should_receive(:to_str).and_return("abc")
"abc".casecmp?(other).should == true
end
it "returns nil if incompatible encodings" do
"".casecmp?("".encode(Encoding::EUC_JP)).should be_nil
end
describe 'for UNICODE characters' do
it 'returns true when downcase(:fold) on unicode' do
''.casecmp?('').should == true
end
end
describe "when comparing a subclass instance" do
it 'returns true when equal to other' do
a = StringSpecs::MyString.new "a"
'a'.casecmp?(a).should == true
'A'.casecmp?(a).should == true
end
it 'returns false when not equal to other' do
b = StringSpecs::MyString.new "a"
'b'.casecmp?(b).should == false
'B'.casecmp?(b).should == false
end
end
describe "in UTF-8 mode" do
describe "for non-ASCII characters" do
before :each do
@upper_a_tilde = ""
@lower_a_tilde = ""
@upper_a_umlaut = ""
@lower_a_umlaut = ""
end
it "returns true when they are the same with normalized case" do
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp?(@lower_a_tilde).should == true
end
it "returns false when they are unrelated" do
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp?(@upper_a_umlaut).should == false
end
it "returns true when they have the same bytes" do
@upper_a_tilde.casecmp?(@upper_a_tilde).should == true
end
end
end
it "case folds" do
"".casecmp?("ss").should be_true
end
it "returns nil if other can't be converted to a string" do
"abc".casecmp?(mock('abc')).should be_nil
end
it "returns true for empty strings in different encodings" do
''.b.should.casecmp?('')
''.b.should.casecmp?(''.encode("UTF-32LE"))
end
end
``` |
Justin Leroy Johnson (April 8, 1888 – March 26, 1961) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a Republican United States Congressman from California from 1943 to 1957.
Biography
Born in Wausau, Wisconsin, Johnson graduated from the local high school and from University of Wisconsin–Madison, serving later in World War I. He then went to and graduated from University of California, Berkeley law school, practicing law and serving as city attorney in Stockton, California.
See also
U.S. Congressional Delegations from California
Notes
External links
Politicians from Wausau, Wisconsin
Politicians from Stockton, California
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
Military personnel from Wisconsin
1888 births
1961 deaths
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
20th-century American politicians |
This is a chronological list of India Test wicket-keepers.
This list only includes players who have played as the designated keeper for a match. On occasions, another player may have stepped in to relieve the primary wicket-keeper due to injury or the keeper bowling.
List
Test Match Career
See also
List of India Twenty-20 wicket-keepers
References
External links
India test wicketkeepers
Wicket-keepers, Test
Indian
Indian
Wicket-keepers |
Jacobabad is a city situated in Pakistan.
Jacobabad may also refer to:
Jacobabad Air Base, an airbase in Pakistan
Jacobabad District, an administrative unit of Sindh, Pakistan
Jacobabad Junction railway station, a railway station in Pakistan
Jacobabad Taluka, a tehsil of Jacobabad District
See also |
Hold Everything is an Australian television series which aired 1961 on Melbourne station HSV-7. A variety series, it was hosted by Peter Colville and aired at 9:30PM on Thursdays, facing tough competition from the popular In Melbourne Tonight on GTV-9. The series was produced at the Fitzroy Teletheatre.
After the series ended, some of the game show elements were retained in a new series titled Merry-Go-Round.
References
External links
1961 Australian television series debuts
1961 Australian television series endings
Black-and-white Australian television shows
English-language television shows
Australian variety television shows |
The Boston mayoral election of 1880 saw Frederick O. Prince reelected to his fourth overall term.
Results
See also
List of mayors of Boston, Massachusetts
References
Mayoral elections in Boston
Boston
Boston mayoral
19th century in Boston |
Sevarin (, also Romanized as Şevarīn; also known as Şūrī and Sūry) is a village in Chaharduli Rural District, Keshavarz District, Shahin Dezh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, its population was 657, in 146 families.
References
Populated places in Shahin Dezh County |
The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth. It comprises stratified squamous epithelium, termed "oral epithelium", and an underlying connective tissue termed lamina propria. The oral cavity has sometimes been described as a mirror that reflects the health of the individual. Changes indicative of disease are seen as alterations in the oral mucosa lining the mouth, which can reveal systemic conditions, such as diabetes or vitamin deficiency, or the local effects of chronic tobacco or alcohol use.
The oral mucosa tends to heal faster and with less scar formation compared to the skin. The underlying mechanism remains unknown, but research suggests that extracellular vesicles might be involved.
Classification
Oral mucosa can be divided into three main categories based on function and histology:
Lining mucosa, nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, found almost everywhere else in the oral cavity, including the:
Alveolar mucosa, the lining between the buccal and labial mucosae. It is a brighter red, smooth, and shiny with many blood vessels, and is not connected to underlying tissue by rete pegs.
Buccal mucosa, the inside lining of the cheeks; part of the lining mucosa.
Labial mucosa, the inside lining of the lips; part of the lining mucosa.
Masticatory mucosa, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, found on the dorsum of the tongue, hard palate, and attached gingiva.
Specialized mucosa, specifically in the regions of the taste buds on lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue; contains nerve endings for general sensory reception and taste perception.
Structure
Oral mucosa consists of two layers, the surface stratified squamous epithelium and the deeper lamina propria. In keratinized oral mucosa, the epithelium consists of four layers:
Stratum basale (basal layer)
Stratum spinosum (prickle layer)
Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
Stratum corneum (keratinized layer)
In nonkeratinised epithelium, the two deep layers (basale and spinosum) remain the same but the outer layers are termed the intermediate and superficial layers.
Depending on the region of the mouth, the epithelium may be nonkeratinized or keratinized. Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium covers the soft palate, inner lips, inner cheeks, the floor of the mouth, and ventral surface of the tongue. Keratinized squamous epithelium is present in the gingiva and hard palate as well as areas of the dorsal surface of the tongue.
Keratinization is the differentiation of keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum into nonvital surface cells or squames to form the stratum corneum. The cells terminally differentiate as they migrate to the surface from the stratum basale where the progenitor cells are located to the superficial surface.
Unlike keratinized epithelium, nonkeratinized epithelium normally has no superficial layers showing keratinization. Nonkeratinized epithelium may, however, readily transform into a keratinizing type in response to frictional or chemical trauma, in which case it undergoes hyperkeratinization. This change to hyperkeratinization commonly occurs on the usually nonkeratinized buccal mucosa when the linea alba forms, a white ridge of calloused tissue that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude. Histologically, an excess amount of keratin is noted on the surface of the tissue, and the tissue has all the layers of an orthokeratinized tissue with its granular and keratin layers. In patients who have habits such as clenching or grinding (bruxism) their teeth, a larger area of the buccal mucosa than just the linea alba becomes hyperkeratinized. This larger white, rough, raised lesion needs to be recorded so that changes may be made in the dental treatment plan regarding the patient's parafunctional habits.
Even keratinized tissue can undergo further level of hyperkeratinization; an increase in the amount of keratin is produced as a result of chronic physical trauma to the region. Changes such as hyperkeratinization are reversible if the source of the injury is removed, but it takes time for the keratin to be shed or lost by the tissue. Thus, to check for malignant changes, a baseline biopsy and microscopic study of any whitened tissue may be indicated, especially if in a high-risk cancer category, such with a history of tobacco or alcohol use or are HPV positive. Hyperkeratinized tissue is also associated with the heat from smoking or hot fluids on the hard palate in the form of nicotinic stomatitis.
The lamina propria is a fibrous connective tissue layer that consists of a network of type I and III collagen and elastin fibers in some regions. The main cells of the lamina propria are the fibroblasts, which are responsible for the production of the fibers as well as the extracellular matrix.
The lamina propria, like all forms of connective tissue proper, has two layers: papillary and dense. The papillary layer is the more superficial layer of the lamina propria. It consists of loose connective tissue within the connective tissue papillae, along with blood vessels and nerve tissue. The tissue has an equal amount of fibers, cells, and intercellular substance. The dense layer is the deeper layer of the lamina propria. It consists of dense connective tissue with a large amount of fibers. Between the papillary layer and the deeper layers of the lamina propria is a capillary plexus, which provides nutrition for the all layers of the mucosa and sends capillaries into the connective tissue papillae.
A submucosa may or may not be present deep in the dense layer of the lamina propria, depending on the region of the oral cavity. If present, the submucosa usually contains loose connective tissue and may also contain adipose tissue or salivary glands, as well as overlying bone or muscle within the oral cavity. The oral mucosa has no muscularis mucosae, and clearly identifying the boundary between it and the underlying tissues is difficult. Typically, regions such as the cheeks, lips, and parts of the hard palate contain submucosa (a layer of loose fatty or glandular connective tissue containing the major blood vessels and nerves supplying the mucosa). The submucosa's composition determines the flexibility of the attachment of oral mucosa to the underlying structures. In regions such as the gingiva and parts of the hard palate, oral mucosa is attached directly to the periosteum of underlying bone, with no intervening submucosa. This arrangement is called a mucoperiosteum and provides a firm, inelastic attachment.
A variable number of Fordyce spots or granules are scattered throughout the nonkeratinized tissue. These are a normal variant, visible as small, yellowish bumps on the surface of the mucosa. They correspond to deposits of sebum from misplaced sebaceous glands in the submucosa that are usually associated with hair follicles.
A basal lamina (basement membrane without aid of the microscope) is at the interface between the oral epithelium and lamina propria similar to the epidermis and dermis.
Function
Mechanical stress is continuously placed on the oral environment by actions such as eating, drinking and talking. The mouth is also subject to sudden changes in temperature and pH meaning it must be able to adapt to change quickly. The mouth is the only place in the body which provides the sensation of taste. Due to these unique physiological features, the oral mucosa must fulfil a number of distinct functions.
Protection - One of the main functions of the oral mucosa is to physically protect the underlying tissues from the mechanical forces, microbes and toxins in the mouth. Keratinised masticatory mucosa is tightly bound to the hard palate and gingivae. It accounts for 25% of all oral mucosa. It supports underlying tissues by resisting the loading forces exerted during mastication. Lining mucosa in the cheeks, lips and floor of mouth is mobile to create space when chewing and talking. During mastication, it allows food to move freely around the mouth and physically protects the underlying tissues from trauma. It accounts for 60% of oral mucosa.
Secretion - Saliva is the primary secretion of the oral mucosa. It has many functions including lubrication, pH buffering and immunity. The lubricating and antimicrobial functions of saliva are maintained mainly by resting; saliva results in a flushing effect and the clearance of oral debris and noxious agents. Saliva contains numerous antimicrobial proteins that help protect the oral ecosystem from infectious agent. The components like lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and thiocyanate concentrations act as a defense mechanism in the saliva. Saliva is secreted from 3 pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) alongside many minor salivary glands. It also aids the initial chemical digestion of food as it contains the enzyme amylase, responsible for breaking carbohydrates into sugars.
Sensation - The oral mucosa is richly innervated, meaning it is a very good at sensing pain, touch, temperature and taste. A number of cranial nerves are involved in sensations in the mouth including trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) nerves. The dorsum of the tongue is covered in specialised mucosa. This contains the presence of taste buds allowing taste, and it accounts for around 15% of oral mucosa. Reflexes such as swallowing, gagging and thirst are also initiated in the mouth.
Thermal regulation - Although not significant in humans, some animals e.g. dogs rely on panting to regulate their temperature, as sweat glands are only present in their paws
Clinical significance
Infective
Viral
The majority of viral infections affecting the oral cavity are caused by the human Herpes Virus group. Each human herpes virus may present differently within the oral cavity. They are more likely to affect immunocompromised patients such as children and the elderly.
Herpetic Gingivostomatitis: A self-limiting viral infection which is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-1(HSV-1). It usually presents in young children and is very contagious . It is characterised by the presence of small oral blisters which break down and coalesce into ulcers
Herpes Labialis (Cold Sore):Reactivation of latent Herpes Simplex Virus-1 triggered by sunlight, stress, and hormonal changes. It is characterised by the presence of crusting blisters on the upper lip.
Chicken Pox: A type of viral infection which is caused by Varicella Zoster Virus and presents in children. Numerous itchy blisters are found on the face and body. Blisters could also be found on inner cheek and palate of the mouth.
Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Viral infection caused by reactivation of latent Varicella Zoster Virus and found in adults. Patients can present with acute pain before or after the onset of blisters. If viral reactivation occurs in the facial nerve, it can cause Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome in which patients can develop facial paralysis, blisters around the ears and on the tongue, and loss of tongue sensation.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A highly contagious viral infection which infects young children and is caused by Coxsackie Virus A16. It is characterised by presence of small blisters all over the limbs and the mouth.
Measles: A highly infectious condition which is caused by Measles virus. It most commonly presents in young children who have not been vaccinated. It is characterised by presence of white spots (Koplik's Spots) which rupture to form ulcers on the palate.
6. Papillomas and warts/ verrucae They are caused by various strains of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) of which there are more than 100 strains but usually due to HPV types 6 and 11 (2). Papillomas are mostly spiky, finger like projections, or cauliflower head rounded lobular shaped. Usually painless and singular. Verrucae usually appear on the lips. Verrucae Vulgaris is associated with HPV types 2 and 4. HPV types 16 and 18, designated high risk due to association with cancers, do not present like this in the oral mucosa but as white patches (1). Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (Heck Disease) is rare, usually familial, swellings appear in multiples and are more common to some Native American and Inuit groups. Verricuform Xanthoma, a rare lesion which may resemble papilloma, is often white due to hyperkeratosis, usually appear in 50-70 year age group, commonly on the gingivae. They may be mistaken for papilloma or verrucous leukoplakia but are benign (1).
Bacterial
Syphilis- Bacterial infection which is usually sexually transmitted. It is caused by bacteria Treponema Pallidum and it has different types of oral presentation at different stages of the disease.
Fungal
Oral fungal infections are most commonly caused by different Candida species such as Candida Albicans, Candida Glabrata and Candida Tropicalis resulting in oral Candidiasis. There are several predisposing factors to fungal infections such as systemic disease for example Diabetes, recent antibiotics, use of steroid inhalers etc . Management includes identifying and addressing contributory factors, the use of topical/systemic anti-fungal agents, oral and denture hygiene instruction.
Different presentations of oral Candidiasis include:
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis
Erythematous Candidiasis
Denture Stomatitis
Antibiotic Candidiasis
Angular Cheilitis
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Autoimmune
Lichen Planus: A chronic inflammatory disease with different forms of oral presentations. The most classic appearance of Lichen Planus is the presence of white streaks in inner cheek, tongue, and gum. Desquamative Gingivitis can be seen in patients with Lichen Planus. Biopsy is done for definitive diagnosis of Lichen Planus.
Graft versus Host Disease: An autoimmune disease developed following bone marrow transplant in which its oral presentation is similar to Lichen Planus
Pemphigus Vulgaris:An autoimmune chronic disease with clinical presentation of formation of superficial and large blisters which then burst into ulcers on the skin or mucous membrane.
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Autoimmune disease which affects only mucous membranes with clinical presentation of hard and rigid blisters which then rupture eventually into deep ulcers.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: These present as oral discoid lesions which may be present on the inner cheek and behind the lips. White papules may also be present.
Hypersensitivity Reaction
Lichenoid Reaction- Intra-oral lesion which shares the appearance of Lichen Planus but arises due to contact hypersensitivity to certain dental materials or drug-induced.
Traumatic
Frictional Keratosis: This typically presents as white plaques on the oral mucosa due to mechanical trauma. When the cause of frictional keratosis is removed the white patch may resolve
Hyperplastic reactive lesions or nodular swellings These occur in the oral mucosa due to low grade inflammation or trauma (1, 2). They develop where the mucosa is subjected to chronic minor irritants, mechanical or infective (4). They most frequently occur on the buccal mucosa (inner cheek) along the occlusal line where the teeth meet and the gingivae (the mucosa which covers the gums); reactive nodules occurring here are specifically categorised as epulides instead of polyps. Also the alveolar ridge (the gum where the teeth erupt up from, or if missing, where they used to be) and the hard palate (roof of the mouth) (1). The most common are fibrous nodules called fibroepithelial polyps and epulides (4). Other hyperplastic reactive hyperplastic lesions include those associated with dentures, and papillomas. However, they are all similar in cause and nature, the overproduction of the cells of the mucosa, primarily the epithelial cells, also fibrous myxoid and low inflamed tissue due to irritation (1). 1. Fibroepithelial Polyps are usually pale, firm to touch, and painless but further irritation can cause abrasion and then ulceration or bleeding (1). They are sometimes be called fibroma, such as leaf fibroma, a fibroepithelial polyp often occurring under a denture and appears flattened. However, they are not true benign neoplasms (denoted by suffix ~oma), which are similar in appearance but very rare in the mouth (4). 2. Epulides. The most common epulides are: a) Fibrous Epulis. These are just fibroepithelial polyps located only on the gingivae (5). b) Pyogenic Granuloma and Pregnancy Epulis are both vascular rather than fibrous epulides with more dilated blood vessels making them appear darker pink/ red in colour, and soft (2). They may develop more fibrous as they mature. The Pregnancy variant only appears in pregnancy, usually due to plaque and should resolve with better oral hygiene and at the end of the pregnancy if not (1). Pyogenic Granuloma may occur elsewhere in the mouth such as the tongue and lips (3), but are not therefore epulides. c) Giant Cell Epulis also known as Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma, are like Fibrous Epulis and occur at the anterior interdental margin, the gum between the teeth at the front (2). They are more common in women. They are often soft round and deep red to purplish blue (1). It is important they are investigated to make are they are not true giant cell granuloma (4). 3. Papilliary Hyperplasia of the palate (1,3), or Epulis Fissaratum/ Denture-induced Hyperplasia (2,5). The cause may be unknown (1) but there is an association with ill-fitting dentures resulting in irritation to the mucosa, usually by overextended flange, and with poor denture or oral hygiene (2,4). Oral thrush can be present but is not thought to be the cause (1)
Idiopathic
Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis- Recurrent ulceration found in the mouth with a wide variety of predisposing factors. However, the aetiology remains unclear. There are three forms of RAS: Minor, major, and herpetiform. RAS is usually found in non-smokers and those from high socioeconomic background.
Neoplastic:
● Oral Submucous Fibrosis:
This is a condition that involves inflammation of the tissues under the surface. This may cause rigid tissues and difficulty opening the mouth.
Benign soft tissue neoplasms
1. Peripheral nerve sheath tumours most commonly are traumatic neuromas, a reactive response to trauma (1), neurilemmoma and neurofibroma which are large growing painless tumours usually found on the tongue (3). Neurofibroma may occur as a benign solitary lesion but can present as multiple lesions associated with (Von Reckllinghausen's Disease) neurofibromatosis (4). They can be preceded by café au lait pigmentation spots on the skin, and as they grow can become very disfiguring (4). Malignant change can occur in neurofibromatosis but very rarely in single lesion presentation. Mucosal neuromas can be associated with other conditions such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndrome and may precede thyroid cancer. (1, 4)
2. Lipoma and fibrolipoma, are tumour of adipose tissue, or fat, giving them a yellow appearance which varies according to fat content (1, 4). They are usually soft, mobile, slow growing painless and occur mostly in middle age or the elderly.
3. Granular Cell Tumour is also a tumour arising from neural cells, though it was incorrectly thought to arise from muscle cells and therefore previously called Granular Cell Myoblastoma (4), It also is slow growing large painless and occurs mostly in the tongue (1, 3).
4. Congenital Epulis, also known as Congenital Granular Cell Tumour (but not related to Granular Cell Tumour) occur mostly on the upper gum, the maxillary alveolar ridge, of newborns, predominantly females (4). Rarely, they occur elsewhere, usually the tongue. They are usually self-resolving (1).
5. Angiomas – vascular tumours: haemangioma, lymphangioma, venus varix (2). Angiomas are difficult to classify as previously they were considered hamartomas, benign tumour-like malformations (6) but there is debate if they are developmental abnormality, true benign tumour or hamartoma, or can be either (1, 4, 5). Haemangiomas are common in the oral mucosa but can occur in other structures such as salivary glands (4), and can be congenital (from birth) or develop in childhood. Congenital lesions can resolve spontaneously (involute) but those that develop later usually continue to slowly grow. They are usually dark red-purple or blue, soft, sometimes fluctuant (5) and painless. They commonly blanch on pressure. Usually solitary, they can occur as part of syndromes such as Sturge-weber Syndrome affecting the trigeminal nerve. They are at risk of trauma with subsequent excessive bleeding, thrombosis or calcification (2). Lymphangiomas are far less common in the oral mucosa, usually appearing on the tongue, less commonly the lip at birth or in infancy (1, 2, 4). They are colourless to pale pink and may be nodular projections (1) or resemble 'frog spawn' domes (2). They can cause macroglossia (enlargement of the tongue) (1, 4). Venous Varix, like varicose vein, usually appear in older people on the lower lip as a blue-purple lump (2).
Malignant Neoplasms of oral mucosa- Sarcomas
Connective tissue malignancies, sarcomas, are rare in the oral mucosa. Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma arise in bone and cartilage, lymphoma in haematological disorders (1). The most common malignancies are carcinomas, overwhelmingly Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SSC) (4). See Oral Cancer.
Rhabdomyosarcoma are fast growing destructive swellings usually in the maxilla. It is the most common oral sarcoma in children and adolescents (1), but rare (4).
Kaposi Sarcoma is related to the Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus (KSHV) or Human Herpes Virus (HHV-8) viral infection (3). Predominating on the hard palate and gingivae it develops initially as a macule ranging in colour from red, blue, purple to brown or black, becoming nodular as it grows (2, 3, 4). The lesions are highly vascular and can ulcerate and bleed easily; death is usually from opportunistic infections (1). It is usually associated with HIV /AIDS but also less commonly with immunosuppression such as organ donor recipients or prevalent in some communities such as Mediterranean Jews (1). There is no cure (4) but the lesions respond well to Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) drugs (2)
See also
Oral mucosa tissue engineering
Junctional epithelium
Oral cancer
Salivary glands
Basal lamina
Fibroblast
References
External links
– "Digestive System: Oral Cavity and Teeth – lip, oral mucosa"
– "Lip"
– "Lip"
Common Dental and Oral Mucosal Disorders, Duke University at https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221658/http://pamodules.mc.duke.edu/Oral_Health/Print.asp?CourseNum=1&LessonNum=3
Dental anatomy |
Reverso may refer to:
Reverso (language tools), a website specializing in online translation aids and language services
Reverso (climbing equipment), a belay device used in rock-climbing produced by Petzl
Reverso (watch), a model of wristwatch produced by Jaeger-LeCoultre |
```go
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build amd64
// +build solaris
package socket
import "unsafe"
func (h *msghdr) pack(vs []iovec, bs [][]byte, oob []byte, sa []byte) {
for i := range vs {
vs[i].set(bs[i])
}
if len(vs) > 0 {
h.Iov = &vs[0]
h.Iovlen = int32(len(vs))
}
if len(oob) > 0 {
h.Accrights = (*int8)(unsafe.Pointer(&oob[0]))
h.Accrightslen = int32(len(oob))
}
if sa != nil {
h.Name = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa[0]))
h.Namelen = uint32(len(sa))
}
}
func (h *msghdr) controllen() int {
return int(h.Accrightslen)
}
func (h *msghdr) flags() int {
return int(NativeEndian.Uint32(h.Pad_cgo_2[:]))
}
``` |
The women's 150 metre individual medley SM4 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 12 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.
Heats
Heat 1
10:11 12 September 2016:
Heat 2
10:18 12 September 2016:
Final
17:58 12 September 2016:
Notes
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics |
The Romanoffs is an American anthology drama streaming television series created, written, produced, and directed by Matthew Weiner. It premiered on Amazon Prime Video October 12, 2018 and features an ensemble cast that differs from episode to episode, with John Slattery, JJ Feild, Louise Bourgoin, Aaron Eckhart, and Diane Lane appearing across multiple episodes. In July 2019, Amazon announced they have no plans for a second season.
Premise
The Romanoffs is a contemporary series "set around the globe, centering on separate stories about people who believe themselves to be descendants of the Russian royal family."
Cast and characters
"The Violet Hour"
Aaron Eckhart as Greg
Marthe Keller as Anushka
Louise Bourgoin as Sophie
Inès Melab as Hajar
Darina Al Joundi as Raha Azim
Mouss Zouheyri as Mohammed Azim
Mounir Amamra as Amir Azim
Franc Bruneau as JP
Vernon Dobtcheff as M. Audran
Evelyne Dandry as Mme. Audran
Xavier Thiam as Dr. Shrom
Salomé Diénis Meulien as Sonya
Laurent Bateau as Denis
"The Royal We"
Corey Stoll as Michael Romanoff
Kerry Bishé as Shelly Romanoff
Janet Montgomery as Michelle Westbrook
Noah Wyle as Ivan Novak
Jonathan Ho as Jesse
Braeden Lemasters as Andrew
Larry Bates as Daryl
Brian Bisson as Scott
Nora Sheehan as Mona
Arlene Duncan as Prosecutor Dion
James Naughton as Dmitri
Elva Mai Hoover as June
John Slattery as Daniel Reese
Shannon Wilcox as Natalie
"House of Special Purpose"
Christina Hendricks as Olivia Rogers
Jack Huston as Samuel Ryan
Paul Reiser as Bob Isaacson
Isabelle Huppert as Jacqueline Gerard
Mike Doyle as Brian Norris
JJ Feild as Jack
Mark Valley as Steve Lewis
Evgenia Brik as Katrina
Morten Suurballe as Max Gruber
Ivan G'Vera as Lalzo Barta
Goran Navojec as Karl
Thomas Nash as Hans
"Expectation"
Amanda Peet as Julia Wells
Jon Tenney as Eric Ford
Emily Rudd as Ella Hopkins
Mary Kay Place as Marilyn Hopkins
Michael O’Neill as Ron Hopkins
John Slattery as Daniel Reese
Diane Lane as Katherine Ford
Janne Mortil as Gloria
David Ferry as Gary Beethoven
"Bright and High Circle"
Diane Lane as Katherine Ford
Andrew Rannells as David Patton
Cara Buono as Debbie Newman
Nicole Ari Parker as Cheryl Gowans
Ron Livingston as Alex Myers
Thaddeaus Ek as Benji Myers
Joshua Carlon as Henry Myers
Uriah Shelton as Julian Myers
Alexandra Barreto as Detective Gutierrez
"Panorama"
Radha Mitchell as Victoria Hayward
Juan Pablo Castañeda as Abel
Griffin Dunne as Frank Shefflied
Paul Luke Bonenfant as Nick Hayward
David Sutcliffe as Phillip Hayward
Roberto Medina as Dr. Eduardo Siquieros
Maria Evoli as Lourdes Gonzalez
Scarlet Dergal as The Receptionist
Sandra Quiroz as Nurse Ortega
Paul Gregory as Rupert Stanley
"End of the Line"
Kathryn Hahn as Anka Garner
Jay R. Ferguson as Joe Garner
Annet Mahendru as Elena Evanovich
Clea DuVall as Patricia Callahan
Stephanie McVay as Barb Callahan
Marina Weis as Mrs. Fedunov
Anastasija Marcenkaité as Vera
Zofia Wichłacz as Nadya
Dalina Costin as Dalina Costin
Sophia Chitu as Zoya
"The One That Holds Everything"
Hugh Skinner as Simon Burrows
Hera Hilmar as Ondine
Ben Miles as George Burrows
JJ Feild as Jack
Jing Lusi as Kiera Ming
Adèle Anderson as Candace
Oliver Zetterström as Young Simon
Deirdre Mullins as Natalie Burrows
Rebecca Root as Dana
Jane Perry as Belinda
Christopher Goh as Christopher Ming
Episodes
Production
Development
On October 26, 2016, multiple news outlets reported that Amazon had won a bidding war among six entities and committed to a straight-to-series order with a $70 million budget for an eight episode first season. The series was to be written, directed, and produced by Mad Men creator Matthew Weiner in cooperation with The Weinstein Company.
On August 29, 2017, the series' creative team was announced. The series’ collaborators include executive producer/writer Semi Chellas, co-executive producers Kriss Turner Towner, Blake McCormick, and Kathy Ciric, along with consulting producers/writers Andre Jacquemetton and Maria Jacquemetton. The series behind-the-scenes creative team includes director of photography Christopher Manley, costume designers Janie Bryant and Wendy Chuck, production designers Henry Dunn and Christopher Brown, and hair and makeup designers Theraesa Rivers and Lana Horochowski. The casting team includes Carrie Audino, Laura Schiff, and Kendra Clark. On October 11, 2017, following reports of sexual abuse allegations against producer Harvey Weinstein, Amazon announced that they were "reviewing their options" in regard to their relationship with The Weinstein Company. They subsequently severed ties with the production company. On July 28, 2018, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour that the series would premiere on October 12, 2018.
Casting
From August to October 2017, a series of announcements revealed that Isabelle Huppert, Christina Hendricks, John Slattery, Jack Huston, Amanda Peet, Marthe Keller, Aaron Eckhart, Corey Stoll, Andrew Rannells, Mike Doyle, JJ Feild, Janet Montgomery, Paul Reiser, and Diane Lane had been cast in the series.
From March to August 2018, numerous guest cast members were announced. These actors included Noah Wyle, Hera Hilmar, Kathryn Hahn, Kerry Bishé, Jay R. Ferguson, Ben Miles, Mary Kay Place, Griffin Dunne, Cara Buono, Ron Livingston, Jon Tenney, Clea DuVall, Radha Mitchell, Hugh Skinner, Juan Pablo Castañeda, Emily Rudd, Adele Anderson, Annet Mahendru, Louise Bourgoin, Inès Melab, Michael O'Neill, and David Sutcliffe.
Filming
Filming took place in Constanța, Romania from March 14 to March 18, 2018.
Release
Marketing
On July 28, 2018, the first teaser trailer for the series was released. On August 14, 2018, a second teaser trailer was released. On August 29, 2018, a series of "first look" promotional photographs from the series was released alongside a full episode lineup of the series featuring episode titles, synopsis, airdates, and a list of actors that would appear in each episode. On September 12, 2018, the trailer for the series was released.
Premiere
On November 15, 2018, the series held its official premiere at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in Los Angeles, California featuring a screening of the series. A red carpet arrival was originally scheduled to take place before the screening but was canceled out of respect for the victims of the Woolsey Fire, which was still burning in the Los Angeles and Ventura counties.
Reception
Critical response
The series was met with a mixed response from critics upon its premiere. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 48% approval rating, with an average rating of 5.8 out of 10 based on 64 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Matthew Weiner's return to television is as handsomely made as it is ambitious and sprawling—unfortunately, it's also fatally indulgent, asking for the utmost patience from audiences without a compelling incentive." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 56 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Despite the polarizing reception to the series overall, it went on to be nominated for awards for its work in the production, audio engineering and costume design for the series.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
2010s American anthology television series
2010s American drama television series
2018 American television series debuts
2018 American television series endings
Amazon Prime Video original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by Amazon Studios |
List of Ambassadors
Simona Halperin (Non-Resident, Singapore) 2018 -
References
See also
East Timor–Israel relations
East Timor
Israel |
The Saarbrücken Group is a geologic group in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
References
Geologic groups of Europe
Geologic formations of Germany
Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Germany |
Posyolok sovkhoza AMO () is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Amovskoye Rural Settlement, Novoanninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 782 as of 2010. There are 19 streets.
Geography
The settlement is located in steppe on the Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, 9 km southeast of Novoanninsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoanninsky is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Novoanninsky District |
Zenith Solar was an Israeli solar energy company based in Ness Ziona.
History
Zenith Solar was founded in 2006 by Roy Segev, David Faiman and Bob Whelen.
In 2007, David Faiman, director of the Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center, announced that the Center had entered into a project with Zenith to create a home solar energy system that uses a 10 square meter reflector dish. Zenith bought the rights to solar technology from Ben-Gurion University and Germany's Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE to create solar energy using mirrors and lenses that magnify and focus the sun's rays. In testing, the concentrated solar technology proved to be up to five times more efficient than standard flat photovoltaic silicon panels, which would make it almost as cheap as oil and natural gas. A prototype ready for commercialization achieved a concentration of solar energy that was more than 1,000 times greater than standard flat panels. According to Faiman, who led the Israeli team that developed the technology, 10% of Israel’s energy needs (1,000 megawatts) could be met from 12 square kilometres of land.
Zenith Solar was assembling solar panel kits at its factory in Kiryat Gat. The company used CHP (combined heat and power) technology which it claimed reached efficiencies of over 70%. Marketing claims included "harvesting more energy from a smaller space, less landfill produced from their waste." and "99% recyclable."
In June 2013 Zenith filed for bankruptcy and in December of that year they were acquired by Suncore Photovoltaics Technology Company Limited, a Chinese-US joint venture that specialises in CPV.
See also
Solar energy in Israel
Science and technology in Israel
References
External links
Zenith Solar website
Suncore photovoltaic technology website
Solar energy in Israel
Energy companies established in 2006
Renewable energy technology companies
Technology companies of Israel
Israeli companies established in 2006
Technology companies established in 2006 |
```go
package resinit
import "net"
// Work around a glibc bug where cached configs from /etc/resolv.conf can cause
// DNS failures after the network changes. This is a no-op on non-Linux
// platforms. See implementation details in resinit_linux.go. The Rust standard
// library contains a similar workaround:
// path_to_url#L186-L190
func ResInitIfDNSError(err error) {
// There are two error cases we need to handle, a raw *net.DNSError, and
// one wrapped in a *net.OpError. Detect that second case, and unwrap it.
if opErr, isOpErr := err.(*net.OpError); isOpErr {
err = opErr.Err
}
if _, isDNSError := err.(*net.DNSError); isDNSError {
resInit()
}
}
``` |
Movlazada Mahammad Hasan Ismayil oglu Shakavi () was a noble Azerbaijani religious leader, alim and scholar who was the sixth Sheikh ul-Islam (Islamic Leader) of the Caucasus and the first scholar who translated Quran into the Azerbaijani language and provided detailed commentary and interpretation.
Early life
Mahammad Hasan was born in 1854. He received his first religious education at Shaki mollakhane, which he later continued at Ganja Madrasa. After graduation from madrasah he served for a few years as mullah (mosque leaders) of Ganja Jum'a mosque. He later decided to continue his education and for this purpose traveled to Iraq where he advanced his degree in religion studies.
Career
In 1891 he returned to the Caucasus and published the first joint Hijri and Gregorian calendars in Persian.
In 1893 Mahammad Hasan Movlazada started teaching Islamic religious law (Shariat and Fiqh) at Tiflis Muslim Religious Scholl. He later served as Ghazi of Jabrayil, Ganja, Tiflis and Kutaisi regions.
In 1908 Mahammad Hasan Movlazada had been elected as the sixth Sheikh ul-Islam of Muslims of the Caucasus.
In 1908 in Tiflis he publishes Kitab al-bayan fi tafsir al-Quran - the two-volume edition of Koran's translation and tafsir (commentary). This work has been re-published in Baku in 1990.
Movlazada Mahammad Hasan Ismayil oglu Shakavi died in 1932 in Tbilisi.
References
Azerbaijani Shia clerics
People from Shaki, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Shia Muslims
1854 births
1932 deaths
Translators of the Quran into Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani nobility |
The 1984 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 6, 1984 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The primary elections for the Democrats and the Republicans were held on June 12. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained three Democrats and three Republicans.
1st congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Thomas F. Hartnett of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1981, defeated Democratic challenger Ed Pendarvis.
General election results
|-
|
| colspan=5 |Republican hold
|-
2nd congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Floyd Spence of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1971, defeated Democratic challenger Ken Mosely.
Democratic primary
General election results
|-
|
| colspan=5 |Republican hold
|-
3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Butler Derrick of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1975, defeated Republican challenger Clarence E. Taylor.
Republican primary
General election results
|-
|
| colspan=5 |Democratic hold
|-
4th congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Carroll Campbell of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1979, defeated Democratic challenger Jeff Smith.
General election results
|-
|
| colspan=5 |Republican hold
|-
5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman John M. Spratt, Jr. of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1983, defeated two minor party candidates.
General election results
|-
|
| colspan=5 |Democratic hold
|-
6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Robin Tallon of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1983, won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican Martha Lois Eargle in the general election.
Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election results
|-
|
| colspan=5 |Democratic hold
|-
See also
United States House elections, 1984
United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1984
South Carolina's congressional districts
References
1984
United States House of Representatives
South Carolina |
Guangfa Securities Headquarters (), also known as GF Securities Tower, is a 58-floor, tall skyscraper in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Construction was started in 2013 and was completed in 2018.
It serves as the headquarters of GF Securities.
See also
List of tallest buildings in China
List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou
References
Skyscraper office buildings in Guangzhou
Buildings and structures in Guangzhou
Buildings and structures completed in 2018 |
Stefano Missio (born April 1, 1972, in Udine) is an Italian filmmaker
He has made various documentaries among which When Italy was not a poor country, about Italy in the 1960s narrated by Joris Ivens, and Scusi, dov'è il Nord Est? produced by Fandango and On Line Productions for Arte (broadcast as Succes à l'italienne) and broadcast in Italy by Tele+. In 2005 he directed Il Ponte, a fiction short-movie, screenplayed by Francesco Tullio Altan, starring Carlo Mazzacurati and Valentina Fago. His last work, Che Guevara - The body and the legend (2007), was broadcast in 12 countries. He lives and works in Paris.
Filmography
When Italy wasn't a poor country (Quando l'Italia non era un paese povero; 1997)
Siamo troppo sazi (1998)
Scusi, dov’è il Nord Est? (2000)
Il Ponte (2005)
Trumpets' Republic, (Трубачка Република; 2006)
Che Guevara - The body and the legend (2007)
References and sources
books
Hans Schoots, Joris Ivens. A Biography of Joris Ivens, Amsterdam, 2000.
Aldo Grasso, Storia della televisione italiana, Garzanti, Milan, 2000.
Virgilio Tosi, Cinema e Utopia, Bulzoni, Rome, 2002.
newspaper
Alberto Farassino. Torna l'Italia censurata di Mattei e Joris Ivens. La Repubblica, April 28, 1999.
Maurizio Porro. Tinto Brass scopre il film verità voluto da Mattei. Corriere della Sera, April 28, 1999.
Giovanni Petitti. Ivens Ritrovato. Cineforum, n. 374.
Tom Haines. Laughter reigns, war memories fade at annual Balkans brass festival. The Boston Globe, June 27, 2004.
Silvana Silvestri. Missio e i misteri di una copia RAI. Il Manifesto, March 30, 2007.
Lucia Sgueglia. Un'altra Russia. Il Manifesto, December 22, 2007.
External links
1972 births
Living people
People from Udine
Italian film directors |
```julia
#!/usr/bin/env julia
#
# @license Apache-2.0
#
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
import Distributions: cdf, Cauchy
import JSON
"""
gen( x, x0, gamma, name )
Generate fixture data and write to file.
# Arguments
* `x`: input value
* `x0`: location parameter
* `gamma`: scale parameter
* `name::AbstractString`: output filename
# Examples
``` julia
julia> x = rand( 1000 ) .* 100.0;
julia> x0 = rand( 1000 ) .* 25.0;
julia> gamma = rand( 1000 ) .* 20.0;
julia> gen( x, x0, gamma, \"data.json\" );
```
"""
function gen( x, x0, gamma, name )
z = Array{Float64}( undef, length(x) );
for i in eachindex(x)
z[ i ] = cdf( Cauchy( x0[i], gamma[i] ), x[i] );
end
# Store data to be written to file as a collection:
data = Dict([
("x", x),
("x0", x0),
("gamma", gamma),
("expected", z)
]);
# Based on the script directory, create an output filepath:
filepath = joinpath( dir, name );
# Write the data to the output filepath as JSON:
outfile = open( filepath, "w" );
write( outfile, JSON.json(data) );
write( outfile, "\n" );
close( outfile );
end
# Get the filename:
file = @__FILE__;
# Extract the directory in which this file resides:
dir = dirname( file );
# Random (negative median):
x = rand( 1000 ) .* 100.0 .- 200.0;
x0 = rand( 1000 ) .* -50.0;
gamma = rand( 1000 ) .* 20.0;
gen( x, x0, gamma, "negative_median.json" );
# Random (positive median):
x = rand( 1000 ) .* 100.0 .- 200.0;
x0 = rand( 1000 ) .* 50.0;
gamma = rand( 1000 ) .* 20.0;
gen( x, x0, gamma, "positive_median.json" );
# Random (large gamma):
x = rand( 1000 ) .* 2.0;
x0 = rand( 1000 ) .* 1.0;
gamma = rand( 1000 ) .* 50.0;
gen( x, x0, gamma, "large_gamma.json" );
``` |
Kristóf Szűcs (born 3 January 1997) is a Hungarian footballer who plays as a right back for Ajka.
Career
Szucs played at the academy for Budapest Honved before moving to the academy at city neighbours Ujpest. On February 26, 2017, Szűcs made his Hungarian League debut for Újpest FC coming on as a substitute and scoring in the 90th minute against Szombathelyi Haladás. With Ujpest he won the 2017–18 Magyar Kupa beating Puskás Akadémia FC in the Groupama Arena, Budapest, on penalties after a 2-2 draw. In 2019 he went on loan to Vác FC to gain experience in the division below, and then a further loan followed in 2020 to FC Ajka. A third season on loan at Ajka in the Hungarian National Championship II was confirmed in 2022.
Club statistics
Updated to games played as of 19 May 2019.
References
External links
1997 births
People from Szeged
Living people
Hungarian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Újpest FC players
Vác FC players
FC Ajka players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Nemzeti Bajnokság II players |
Swiss Nights Vol. 1 is a live album led by saxophonist Dexter Gordon recorded in Zurich in 1975 and released on the Danish SteepleChase label.
Reception
In his review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow said "All of the performances are at least ten minutes long and there are some rambling moments, but in general, the music is quite rewarding. This was one of Dexter Gordon's prime periods".
Track listing
"Tenor Madness" (Sonny Rollins) - 10:39
"Wave" (Antônio Carlos Jobim) - 10:39
"You've Changed" (Bill Carey, Carl T. Fischer) - 9:59
"Days of Wine and Roses" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) - 12:28
"The Panther" (Dexter Gordon) - 13:17 Bonus track on CD reissue
"Montmartre/The Theme" (Dexter Gordon/Traditional) - 9:53 Bonus track on CD reissue
Personnel
Dexter Gordon - tenor saxophone
Kenny Drew - piano
Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen - bass
Alex Riel - drums
References
1976 live albums
Dexter Gordon live albums
SteepleChase Records live albums |
The Switzerland cricket team toured Luxembourg in June 2022 to play two Twenty20 International (T20I) matches at the Pierre Werner Cricket Ground in Walferdange. A friendly match was played the following day after the T20Is. The series provided both sides with preparation for the 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe sub-regional qualifier tournaments.
Luxembourg won the first T20I by 18 runs, before Switzerland won the second game by 78 runs, with the series therefore shared 1–1.
Squads
T20I series
1st T20I
2nd T20I
References
External links
Series home at ESPN Cricinfo
Associate international cricket competitions in 2022 |
Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Olympics consisted of ten alpine skiing events, held north of the host city of Lillehammer, Norway. The speed events were held at Kvitfjell and the technical events at Hafjell from 13 to 21 February.
Medal summary
Ten nations won medals in alpine skiing, with Germany leading the medal table with three golds and one silver. The host team of Norway won the most medals with five (1 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze). Markus Wasmeier of Germany led the individual medal table with two gold medals (super G and giant slalom), while Vreni Schneider of Switzerland won the most medals with three, one of each type. Tommy Moe of the United States won gold in the downhill and silver in the super G.
Kjetil André Aamodt of Norway won two silvers and a bronze.
Svetlana Gladishiva's silver medal was the first in alpine skiing won by Russia (Yevgeniya Sidorova won a bronze medal for the Soviet Union in 1956). Slovenia's three medals were the first for the country at the Winter Olympics.
Medal table
Source:
Men's events
Source:
Women's events
Source:
Course information
Source:
Participating nations
Forty-six nations sent alpine skiers to compete in the events in Lillehammer. Bosnia & Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine made their Olympic alpine skiing debuts. Below is a list of the competing nations; in parentheses are the number of national competitors.
See also
Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics
References
External links
FIS-Ski.com – alpine skiing – 1994 Winter Olympics – Lillehammer, Norway
1994 Winter Olympics events
Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics
Alpine skiing competitions in Norway |
The Celastrales are an order of flowering plants found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. The 1200 to 1350 species are in about 100 genera. All but seven of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae. The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms – the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses – as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened. Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).
One family is represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Celastraceae
Family Celastraceae
Allocassine
Genus Allocassine:
Allocassine laurifolia (Harv.) N.Robson, indigenous
Cassine
Genus Cassine:
Cassine aethiopica Thunb. accepted as Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. aethiopicum, present
Cassine barbara L. accepted as Cassine peragua L. subsp. barbara (L.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine burkeana (Sond.) Kuntze, accepted as Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. burkeanum (Sond.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine crocea (Thunb.) Kuntze, accepted as Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. present
Cassine eucleiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, accepted as Robsonodendron eucleiforme (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine maritima (Bolus) F.Bolus & L.Bolus, accepted as Robsonodendron maritimum (Bolus) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine matabelicum (Loes.) Steedman, accepted as Elaeodendron matabelicum Loes.
Cassine papillosa (Hochst.) Kuntze, accepted as Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. present
Cassine parvifolia Sond., endemic
Cassine peragua L. indigenous
Cassine peragua L. subsp. affinis (Sond.) R.H.Archer, endemic
Cassine peragua L. subsp. barbara (L.) R.H.Archer, endemic
Cassine peragua L. subsp. peragua, indigenous
Cassine reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Codd, accepted as Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. present
Cassine schinoides (Spreng.) R.H.Archer, endemic
Cassine stuhlmannii (Loes.) Blakelock, accepted as Elaeodendron schlechterianum (Loes.) Loes. present
Cassine tetragona (L.f.) Druce, accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine tetragona (L.f.) Loes., accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine tetragona (Thunb.) Loes., accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Codd, accepted as Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H.Archer, present
Catha
Genus Catha:
Catha abbottii A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, accepted as Lydenburgia abbottii (A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins) Steenkamp, A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, present
Catha campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl, accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. indigenous
Catha transvaalensis Codd, accepted as Lydenburgia cassinoides N.Robson, present
Celastrus
Genus Celastrus:
Celastrus campestris Eckl. & Zeyh. accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Celastrus obtusus Thunb. accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Celastrus pyracanthus L. accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. endemic
Celastrus saxatilis Burch. accepted as Putterlickia saxatilis (Burch.) Jordaan, endemic
Celastrus tetragonus Thunb. accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
Celastrus verrucosus Sond. accepted as Putterlickia verrucosa (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Szyszyl. endemic
Elachyptera
Genus Elachyptera:
Elachyptera parvifolia (Oliv.) N.Halle, indigenous
Elaeodendron
Genus Elaeodendron:
Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. indigenous
Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Elaeodendron zeyheri Spreng. ex Turcz. indigenous
Empleuridium
Genus Empleuridium:
Empleuridium juniperinum Sond. endemic
Gloveria
Genus Gloveria:
Gloveria integrifolia (L.f.) Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia
Genus Gymnosporia:
Gymnosporia angularis (Sond.) Sim, accepted as Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. present
Gymnosporia angularis (Sond.) Sim var. grandifolia Davison, accepted as Gymnosporia grandifolia (Davison) Jordaan, present
Gymnosporia angularis (Sond.) Sim var. orbiculata Davison, indigenous
Gymnosporia arenicola Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia bachmannii Loes. endemic
Gymnosporia buxifolia (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Gymnosporia capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. endemic
Gymnosporia crataegiflora Davidson, accepted as Gymnosporia woodii Szyszyl. present
Gymnosporia devenishii Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia elliptica (Thunb.) Schonland, endemic
Gymnosporia filiformis Davidson, endemic
Gymnosporia gariepensis Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia glaucophylla Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia grandifolia (Davison) Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia graniticola Jordaan, accepted as Gymnosporia swazica Jordaan
Gymnosporia harveyana Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia harveyana Loes. subsp. harveyana, indigenous
Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. lanceolata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. linearis, endemic
Gymnosporia macrocarpa Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia maranguensis (Loes.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia markwardii Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. var. rubra (Harv.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Gymnosporia oxycarpa (N.Robson) Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. endemic
Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. subsp. polyacantha, endemic
Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. subsp. vaccinifolia (P.Conrath) Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia pubescens (N.Robson) Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes., indigenous
Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes. subsp. putterlickioides, indigenous
Gymnosporia rubra (Harv.) Loes. endemic
Gymnosporia saxatilis (Burch.) Davison, accepted as Putterlickia saxatilis (Burch.) Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia swazica Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia tenuispina (Sond.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Gymnosporia uniflora Davison, indigenous
Gymnosporia vanwykii (R.H.Archer) Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia woodii Szyszyl. endemic
Hartogiella
Genus Hartogiella:
Hartogiella schinoides (Spreng.) Codd, accepted as Cassine schinoides (Spreng.) R.H.Archer, present
Hippocratea
Genus Hippocratea:
Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. accepted as Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle var. africana, present
Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Robson, accepted as Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Halle, present
Hippocratea buchananii Loes. accepted as Reissantia buchananii (Loes.) N.Halle
Hippocratea crenata (Klotzsch) K.Schum. & Loes. accepted as Loeseneriella crenata (Klotzsch) R.Wilczek ex N.Halle var. crenata, present
Hippocratea delagoensis Loes. accepted as Prionostemma delagoensis (Loes.) N.Halle var. delagoensis, present
Hippocratea indica Willd. accepted as Reissantia indica (Willd.) N.Halle var. orientalis N.Halle & B.Mathew, present
Hippocratea longipetiolata Oliv. accepted as Pristimera longipetiolata (Oliv.) N.Halle, present
Hippocratea parviflora N.E.Br. accepted as Reissantia parviflora (N.E.Br.) N.Halle
Hippocratea parvifolia Oliv. accepted as Elachyptera parvifolia (Oliv.) N.Halle, present
Hippocratea schlechteri Loes. var. peglerae Loes. accepted as Pristimera bojeri (Tul.) N.Halle, present
Lauridia
Genus Lauridia:
Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
Lauridia rupicola Eckl. & Zeyh. accepted as Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. present
Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Loeseneriella
Genus Loeseneriella:
Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle, indigenous
Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Halle, indigenous
Loeseneriella crenata (Klotzsch) R.Wilczek ex N.Halle, indigenous
Loeseneriella crenata (Klotzsch) R.Wilczek ex N.Halle var. crenata, indigenous
Lydenburgia
Genus Lydenburgia:
Lydenburgia abbottii (A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins) Steenkamp, A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, endemic
Lydenburgia cassinoides N.Robson, endemic
Maurocenia
Genus Maurocenia:
Maurocenia frangula Mill. endemic
Maurocenia frangularia Willd., accepted as Maurocenia frangula Mill. endemic
Maytenus
Genus Maytenus:
Maytenus abbottii A.E.van Wyk, endemic
Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. indigenous
Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. acuminata, indigenous
Maytenus albata (N.E.Br.) E.Schmidt bis & Jordaan, indigenous
Maytenus bachmannii (Loes.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia bachmannii Loes. present
Maytenus capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. present
Maytenus cordata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus deflexa (Sprague) E.Schmidt bis & Jordaan, endemic
Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. glauca N.Robson, accepted as Gymnosporia glaucophylla Jordaan, present
Maytenus ilicina (Burch.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus lucida (L.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus monococca (Davison) Loes. endemic
Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock, accepted as Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. indigenous
Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. rubra (Harv.) Blakelock, accepted as Gymnosporia rubra (Harv.) Loes. present
Maytenus nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl. present
Maytenus oleoides (Lam.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus oleosa A.E.van Wyk & R.H.Archer, endemic
Maytenus oxycarpa N.Robson, accepted as Gymnosporia oxycarpa (N.Robson) Jordaan, present
Maytenus peduncularis (Sond.) Loes. indigenous
Maytenus polyacantha (Sond.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Maytenus procumbens (L.f.) Loes. indigenous
Maytenus pubescens N.Robson, accepted as Gymnosporia pubescens (N.Robson) Jordaan, present
Maytenus putterlickioides (Loes.) Exell & Mendonça, accepted as Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes. subsp. putterlickioides, present
Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell, accepted as Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. present
Maytenus tenuispina (Sond.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia tenuispina (Sond.) Szyszyl. present
Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock, indigenous
Maytenus vanwykii R.H.Archer, accepted as Gymnosporia vanwykii (R.H.Archer) Jordaan, present
Mystroxylon
Genus Mystroxylon:
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. indigenous
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. aethiopicum, endemic
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. burkeanum (Sond.) R.H.Archer, endemic
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. schlechteri (Loes.) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Mystroxylon pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. accepted as Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. aethiopicum, present
Mystroxylon reticulatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. accepted as Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. present
Pleurostylia
Genus Pleurostylia:
Pleurostylia capensis (Turcz.) Loes. indigenous
Prionostemma
Genus Prionostemma:
Prionostemma delagoensis (Loes.) N.Halle, indigenous
Prionostemma delagoensis (Loes.) N.Halle var. delagoensis, endemic
Pristimera
Genus Pristimera:
Pristimera bojeri (Tul.) N.Halle, indigenous
Pristimera delagoensis (Loes.) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Pristimera delagoensis (Loes.) R.H.Archer var. delagoensis, indigenous
Pristimera longipetiolata (Oliv.) N.Halle, indigenous
Pseudosalacia
Genus Pseudosalacia:
Pseudosalacia streyi Codd, endemic
Pterocelastrus
Genus Pterocelastrus:
Pterocelastrus echinatus N.E.Br. indigenous
Pterocelastrus galpinii Loes. indigenous
Pterocelastrus rostratus (Thunb.) Walp. indigenous
Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus (Lam.) Walp. endemic
Putterlickia
Genus Putterlickia:
Putterlickia neglecta Jordaan, R.G.C.Boon & A.E.van Wyk, indigenous
Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. endemic
Putterlickia retrospinosa A.E.van Wyk & Mostert, endemic
Putterlickia saxatilis (Burch.) Jordaan, endemic
Putterlickia verrucosa (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Reissantia
Genus Reissantia:
Reissantia indica (Willd.) N.Halle, indigenous
Reissantia indica (Willd.) N.Halle var. orientalis N.Halle & B.Mathew, indigenous
Robsonodendron
Genus Robsonodendron:
Robsonodendron eucleiforme (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Robsonodendron maritimum (Bolus) R.H.Archer, endemic
Salacia
Genus Salacia:
Salacia gerrardii Harv. ex Sprague, endemic
Salacia kraussii (Harv.) Harv. indigenous
Salacia leptoclada Tul. indigenous
Salacia rehmannii Schinz, endemic
Salacia transvaalensis Burtt Davy, accepted as Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H.Archer
References
South African plant biodiversity lists
Celastrales |
The 1986 Berlin Marathon was the 13th running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, West Germany, held on 28 September. Poland's Bogusław Psujek won the men's race in 2:11:03 hours, while the women's race was won by West Germany's Charlotte Teske in 2:32:10. Switzerland's Heinz Frei (1:46:44) and Denmark's Connie Hansen (2:32:23), won the men's and women's wheelchair races. A total of 11,450 runners finished the race, comprising 10,574 men and 876 women.
Results
Men
Women
References
Results. Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
External links
Official website
1986
Berlin Marathon
1980s in West Berlin
Berlin Marathon
Berlin Marathon |
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Lurganare () is a small village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland, four miles north of Newry. It had a population of 294 at the 2011 Census. It lies within the Newry and Mourne District Council area.
References
See also
List of villages in Northern Ireland
Villages in County Down
Townlands of County Down
Civil parish of Donaghmore, County Down |
Tommaso Corsini (28 February 1835 – 22 May 1919) was an Italian politician. He was born in and was mayor of Florence. He served in the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy. He died in Marsiliana, province of Grosseto, Tuscany.
Honors
Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Order of the Crown of Italy
Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian Empire)
Order of Saint Joseph (Grand Duchy of Tuscany)
See also
List of Italians
References
External links
1835 births
1919 deaths
19th-century Italian politicians
Mayors of Florence
Knights of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Presidents of the Province of Florence
National Union (Italy, 1947) politicians |
Operation Benton was an operation conducted by the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division in Quảng Tín Province, lasting from 13 to 29 August 1967.
Background
U.S. intelligence placed the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) 21st Regiment in Base Area 117, west of Chu Lai Base Area in southern Quảng Tín Province, where it was believed to be protecting elements of the PAVN 368th Artillery Regiment, thought to be preparing rocket attacks on Allied bases. Task Force Oregon commander MG Richard T. Knowles initially planned for the 196th Light Infantry Brigade to sweep the eastern portion of Base Area 117.
On 12 August, a PAVN force believed to be from the 21st Regiment attacked an Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) Ranger Battalion 10 km north of Base Area 117. MG Knowles thought that the unit would move south into the Base Area and ordered two battalions to intercept it.
Operation
On the morning of 13 August, the 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment and the 2nd Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment deployed by helicopter into Base Area 117 and began moving north. That night a PAVN unit hit the 2/327th night position with grenades and automatic weapons fire killing 1. Meanwhile, a company from 2/502nd had been sent south to reconnoiter the Base Area and was attacked by a PAVN force in its night defensive position. Despite artillery and AC-47 fire the PAVN continued their assault for 2 hours before withdrawing, leaving 35 dead and 18 weapons, while U.S. losses were 5 killed.
On 15 August, 1/327th Infantry was committed to the operation to search the southern area, making sporadic contact with PAVN units, usually in the late afternoon so that the air and artillery support was less effective and they could withdraw under the cover of darkness.
Despite up to five battalions being used in sweeping Base Area 117 and the area to the north, the units were unable to locate the 21st Regiment. In the sweep they captured 132 weapons, two large ammunition caches containing mortar and recoilless rifle rounds and destroyed a large training facility including barracks and a hospital. The PAVN meanwhile managed to shoot down 5 UH-1 helicopters.
Aftermath
Operation Benton officially concluded on 29 August, with the US claiming that PAVN losses were 503 killed, U.S. losses were 45 killed.
References
1967 in Vietnam
Battles involving the United States
Battles involving Vietnam
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1967
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War
History of Quảng Nam province |
The James E. Martin Aquatics Center is a swimming complex on the Auburn University campus in Auburn, Alabama. It is the home pool of the Auburn University and Auburn High School swimming and diving programs. The Martin Aquatics Center has hosted the NCAA Men's (1998) and Women's (2003) Swimming and Diving Championships, as well as the US Open in 1995, 2000, and 2005. In 2002, Sports Illustrated rated the Martin Aquatics Center indoor pool the third-fastest pool in the United States.
Facility
The 77,629 ft² James E. Martin Aquatics Center consists of three pools: an indoor training pool (built in 1969), an outdoor training pool (2007), a competition pool with diving well (1993). The Center is named for James E. Martin, President of Auburn University from 1984 through 1992, who spearheaded the facility's construction.
Competition pool
The Martin Aquatics Center competition pool was constructed in 1993 as part of a $10.5 million expansion to the previous swimming facility. The pool is ×, with a general depth of - extending to in the diving well. The pool has two moveable bulkheads allowing for variable distance competitions and simultaneous diving. The pool contains a gutter system which minimizes wave reflection along the sides of the pool, as well as a water pass-through system in the bulkheads which reduces wave reflection on turns. The diving area contains platforms of the following heights: , , , and , and springboards of the following heights: two and two . The facility contains seating for 1000 spectators and 800 competitors.
Training pools
The facility contains an indoor training pool, constructed in 1969, which previously served as the competition pool, and an outdoor pool, completed in 2007 at a cost of approximately $2 million. The outdoor training pool is 50×25 m with 10 lanes.
History
The oldest part of the Martin Aquatic Center was a 1969 pool that is currently used as the indoor training pool. In the early 1990s construction began on a $10.5 million expansion of that facility to include the current competition area. The facility was opened in 1993 and dedicated on April 30, 1994 as the James E. Martin Aquatics Center. In its first year, the facility hosted the Southeastern Conference championships, followed by the US Open in 1995.
In 1996, the facility hosted the Olympic swimming and diving teams of China, Japan, Finland, Israel and South Africa and the United States water polo team training for the 1996 Summer Olympics in nearby Atlanta, Georgia. In 1998, the NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships were held at the Aquatic Center, and in 2000 the US Open returned. Martin hosted both the SEC championships and the NCAA Women's Swimming and Diving Championships in 2003, and the US Open in 2005. In 2007, a new outdoor training pool was opened adjacent to the facility.
References
External links
Auburn Athletics
James E. Martin Aquatics Center
Buildings and structures in Auburn, Alabama
Auburn High School (Alabama)
Auburn Tigers swimming and diving
College swimming venues in the United States
Sports venues completed in 1993
1993 establishments in Alabama
Swimming venues in Alabama |
Mark or Marc Campbell may refer to:
Mark Campbell (defensive tackle) (born 1972), American football player
Mark Campbell (tight end) (born 1975), American football player
Mark Campbell (footballer) (born 1978), Scottish footballer
Mark Campbell (political consultant), former college administrator and former Republican political strategist
Mark Mitchell Campbell (1897–1963), barnstormer and stuntman
Mark Campbell (librettist), librettist
Mark Campbell (basketball), American basketball coach
Marc Campbell (1884–1946), shortstop in Major League Baseball
Marc Campbell, lead singer and guitarist for The Nails
See also
Marcus Campbell (disambiguation) |
Patriarch Moran Mor Anthony III Peter Khoraish (September 20, 1907 – August 19, 1994), (or Antonios Boutros Khoraish, Antoine Pierre Khreich, Khraish, Khoraiche, ), was the 75th Maronite Patriarch of Antioch and the Whole Levant from 1975 until his resignation in 1986, and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He died on August 19, 1994.
Biography
Patriarch Anthony Khoraish was born on September 20, 1907, in Ain Ebel, a small village in the Southern Lebanon. He was a distinguished student at the local primary school in the village, and his devoutness to his faith lead him at the age of 13 to Rome where he began his philosophical and theological studies at the Pontifical Urbaniana University. He received his doctorate in philosophy at the age of 16 and returned to Beirut, Lebanon where he continued his post-doctoral theological studies at the Université Saint-Joseph.
Priesthood
He was ordained as priest by Maronite Patriarch of Antioch, Anthony Peter Arida at the Cathedral of Tyre in South Lebanon on April 12, 1930, where he also taught at the local Catholic school. From 1930 to 1940, he was also a faculty member of Sagesse School in Beirut teaching philosophy and apologetics, patriarchal vicar of Palestine from 1936 to 1940 and president of the Maronite tribunal in the Holy Land. He was appointed vicar general of the archdiocese of Tyre of the Maronites, and served there from 1940 to 1950.
Episcopate
On April 25, 1950 Pope Pius XII appointed him auxiliary bishop of Sidon of the Maronites, and Titular Bishop of Tarsus of the Maronites, and on October 15, 1950, he was consecrated as such by Patriarch Anthony Peter Arida and his co-consecrators were Ignace Ziadé, Archeparch of Aleppo and François Ayoub, Archeparch of Cyprus,. From 1955 he was also Apostolic administrator of Sidon. On November 25, 1957, he was appointed Eparch of Sidon of the Maronites. As bishop, he attended four seasons of the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965. He became administrator delegate of the Patriarchate of Antioch of the Maronites in 1974. He was also episcopal delegate for the Maronite seminaries and president of the executive commission of the Inter-ritual Assembly of Patriarchs and Bishops of Lebanon.
Patriarchate
He was elected Patriarch of Antioch and All the East on February 3, 1975, following the death of the previous patriarch. His confirmation as Patriarch was made by Holy See on February 15, 1975. As Patriarch, he attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops in Vatican City on September 30, 1977. Patriarch Khoraish was from 1975 to 1985 chairman of the synod of the Maronite Church and chairman of the Assembly of Catholic Patriarchs and Bishops in Lebanon. During his Patriarchate, the blessed Charbel Makhlouf was declared Saint of the Universal Church in an imposing ceremony at Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome on October 9, 1977.
Cardinalate
On February 2, 1983, he was the second Maronite Patriarch to be created Cardinal. He was - as usual of Eastern Catholic Patriarchs, as a result of the motu proprio Ad purpuratorum patrum collegium - a cardinal-bishop without granting a suburbicarian diocese. As Cardinal, he attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops in Vatican City on September 29, 1983. Sister Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès (also known as Saint Rafka), a Lebanese nun of Hamlaya, was declared Blessed at Saint Peter's Basilica on November 17, 1985.
On April 3, 1986, he resigned as Maronite Patriarch of Antioch. He died on August 19, 1994, in Beirut and was buried at the see of the Maronite Catholic Patriarchate in Bkerké, Lebanon.
Consecrations
During his patriarchate Khoraish ordained these Maronite eparchs:
Roland Aboujaoudé, Titular bishop of Arca in Phoenicia dei Maroniti and Auxiliary bishop in the Maronite Patriarchate of Antioch
Ibrahim Hélou, Eparch of Sidon
Antoine Joubeir, Titular Archbishop of Apamea in Syria dei Maroniti and Auxiliary bishop of Tripoli
Georges Abi-Saber, OLM, Eparch of Latakia in Syria
Georges Skandar, Eparch of Zahlé
Paul Fouad Tabet, Titular Archbishop of Sinna (Apostolic Nuncio)
John George Chedid Titular bishop of Callinicum dei Maroniti and Auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn in the United States
Elias Shaheen (Chahine), Eparch of Montréal in Canada
Emile Eid, Titular bishop of Sarepta dei Maroniti and Curia Bishop in Rome
Khoraish was also co-consecrator of these Maronite eparchs:
Michel Doumith, Eparchy of Tyre
Joseph Khoury, Auxiliary Bishop of Ptolemais in Phoenicia dei Maroniti
João Chedid, OMM, Titular bishop of Arca in Phoenicia dei Maroniti
See also
List of Maronite Patriarchs
Maronite Church
Sources
Great Encyclopedia of John Paul II, Edipresse Warsaw 2005, .
Lentz, Harris M. (2002). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland & Company. pp. 98–99. .
Antonios Khoreiche, in: International Biographical Archive 44/1994 of 24 October 1994, in the Munzinger archive (beginning of the article freely available): http://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000014219
References
External links
http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/said1.htm
http://www.kobayat.org/data/maronites/patriarchs.htm#khreich
http://www.university-directory.eu/Lebanon/La-Sagesse-University.html
Lebanese cardinals
Lebanese Maronites
1907 births
1994 deaths
Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
People from South Lebanon
Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II
Saint Joseph University alumni
Pontifical Urban University alumni
Eastern Catholic bishops in Lebanon |
AIB Group (UK) plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2014] UKSC 58 is an English trust law case, concerning the applicable principles of causation for a breach of trust. It held that a "but for" test of causation applies for equitable compensation (although remoteness principles, e.g. from the Wagon Mound do not apply).
Facts
AIB Group (UK) plc claimed the full loss of a loan (£2.5m) from Mark Redler solicitors, measured when the money was paid away even though the value of the home on which the loan was secured had dropped. AIB Group (UK) plc had given £3.3m in a remortgage of a home, worth £4.25m at the time, to Mr and Mrs Sondhi in June 2006. A first charge on the house was in favour of Barclays Bank plc, for £1.5m, owed in two accounts. AIB's condition for the remortgage was that Barclays’ first charge would be redeemed. AIB contracted with Mark Redler solicitor to obtain the first legal charge, and redeem all other charges. Mark Redler sought information from Barclays about the two accounts, but got the figure about one account, and thought this was the total. One account discharged this, but it left an outstanding £309,000 debt. Barclays then refused to release its first charge unless this was paid. Mark Redler did not tell AIB of the mistake, but then made a deed of postponement, enabling AIB to register a second charge and limit Barclays’ priority to the outstanding amount. In February 2011, Mr and Mrs Sondhi defaulted on their repayments. Barclays repossessed and sold for the home for £1.2m, and AIB received £867,697. AIB, seeking to recover more, then claimed Mark Redler solicitors acted in breach of trust and fiduciary duty, breach of contract, and was negligent. It sought the full loan amount, minus the amount from the sale, namely around £2.5m. It asked for reconstitution of the fund paid away, equitable compensation and damages for breach of contract. Mark Redler accepted it acted breach of contract, but not other allegations. It also argued that in any case it should only be liable for loss by comparison with the position that AIB would be in if Mark Redler had done what it should (registering the first charge) that around £275,000. It should not be responsible for further losses attributable to general falls in the market price of the property.
The Judge held Mark Redler was in breach of trust, and awarded £273,777 as equitable compensation. The Court of Appeal held that the claim was not so limited, and MR had no authority to release any funds until the redemption statement, unless the first charge for AIB was registered, but upheld the judge's award.
Judgment
The Supreme Court held unanimously that if trust property is misapplied, the trustee should restore the trust fund to the position it would have been in but for the breach. If no longer there, it must pay money compensation on the same basis. Compensation was to be measured at the date of trial, on a common sense view of causation of losses flowing from the breach. Foreseeability of loss, however, was irrelevant. Principles of equity do not differ with the trust's nature. But principles of traditional trusts did not necessarily apply to bare trusts in a commercial contract. This defined the trust's parameters. It was part of the machinery for its performance. Contract terms were relevant for the but for test.
Lord Toulson gave the following judgment.
Lord Reed concurred and said the following.
Lord Neuberger, Baroness Hale and Lord Wilson agreed with both judgments.
See also
English trusts law
Notes
References
English trusts case law
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom cases
2014 in United Kingdom case law |
The Llandudno and Colwyn Bay Electric Railway operated an electric tramway service between Llandudno and Rhos-on-Sea from 1907 and extended to Colwyn Bay in 1908. The service closed in 1956.
History
The Llandudno and Colwyn Bay Light Railway Order of 1898 authorised the construction of a tramway from Colwyn Bay to Deganwy. There were substantial delays in construction and only a short section of line had been built by 1904. The original company was taken over in July 1906 by the Llandudno and District Electric Construction Company.
Work restarted in 1907 and the line from Llandudno to Rhos-on-Sea was soon ready. On 26 September 1907 the company got permission for services to start, and it opened on 19 October 1907. The section of line to Colwyn Bay, top of Station Road was completed by 7 June 1908 and the final extension to Old Colwyn was opened in 1915. In 1913 the Gloddaeth Avenue (West Shore) to Dale Road was abandoned and the Colwyn Bay - Old Colwyn section was closed in September 1930, being cut back to Abergele Road/Greenfield Road corner on the (then) A55.
Fleet
The company livery was red and cream until the late 1920s when it changed to green and cream.
1-14 Midland Railway Carriage and Wagon Company 1907.
15-18 United Electric Car Company 1909
19-22 English Electric 1920
23(1) Formerly from Taunton then Leamington tramways, it was bought in 1930 for use as a works car.
23(2) Purchased from Bournemouth as a railgrinder/works car 1936. Re-numbered 23A when the trams from Darwen trams entered service in June 1948.
23-24 English Electric 1946 (second hand from Darwen Corporation Tramways)
The original cars of 1907 and 1909 were replaced progressively between 1933 and 1936 by five second hand vehicles from Accrington Corporation Tramways, taking fleet numbers 1 - 5. The remainder, which were not withdrawn in numerical order, with the exception of three which took new numbers 16, 17 & 18, were replaced by ten ex Bournemouth Corporation Tramways open-top double decker trams. These were numbered 6 - 15 at Llandudno. Bournemouth works car, No 55, was also purchased in 1936 for use as a rail grinder/works car. Of the original 1907 survivors, No16 caught fire in 1945 and was withdrawn. 17 and 18 survived until January 1956.
Closure
The line suffered from substantial damage in storms in January 1952. Although repairs were carried out, storms the next year did as much damage again. In 1954 the company applied for a licence to convert the service to motor buses. Although the local councils objected, there was little that could be done and the line closed on 24 March 1956.
The Llandudno and Colwyn Bay Tramway Society has restored the body of ex-Bournemouth No126 ( as LCBER replica No7.)which is similar to ten ex Bournemouth trams which did operate on this tramway. (No126 never operated in Llandudno).
References
Tram transport in Wales
1907 establishments in Wales
3 ft 6 in gauge railways in Wales |
The 50th Operations Support Squadron (50 OSS) was a United States Space Force unit assigned to Space Operations Command's Space Delta 8. It provided operations support to the delta by leading training, intelligence operations, tactics development. It was headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado.
The squadron was inactivated on 8 February 2022 prior to the activation of the 8th Combat Training Squadron.
List of commanders
Lt Col Chris D. Crawford, April 2004
Lt Col William B. Robey, 7 June 2006
Lt Col Harold Martin, ~2008
Lt Col Theresa Malasavage, 4 June 2010
Lt Col Jack D. Fulmer II, June 2012
Lt Col Daniel Burtz, 8 July 2014
Lt Col Timothy Purcell, August 2015
Lt Col David Gallagher, 26 June 2017
Lt Col Alan Burwell, 12 July 2019
Lt Col John Paek, 8 June 2021 – 8 February 2022
See also
Space Delta 8
References
External links
Military education and training in the United States
Squadrons of the United States Space Force |
Kirovskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kirovsky Selsoviet, Aleysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 482 as of 2013. There are 13 streets.
Geography
Kirovskoye is located 37 km north of Aleysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnodubrovsky is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Aleysky District |
Antonio Corrionero (1554–1633) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Salamanca (1621–1633), and Bishop of Islas Canarias (1614–1621).
Biography
Antonio Corrionero was born in Babilafuente, Spain in 1554.
On 6 October 1614, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Islas Canarias.
On 26 April 1615, he was consecrated bishop by Pedro González de Mendoza, Archbishop of Granada, with Juan Portocarrero, Bishop of Almeria, and Luis Fernández de Córdoba, Bishop of Malaga, serving as co-consecrators.
On 17 May 1621, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XV as Bishop of Salamanca.
He served as Bishop of Salamanca until his death on 4 April 1633.
References
External links and additional sources
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Spain
Bishops appointed by Pope Paul V
Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XV
1554 births
1633 deaths |
The women's shot put event was, for the first time, part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1948 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on 4 August 1948. The final was won by Micheline Ostermeyer of France.
Since it was the first time this event took place, the following new Olympic record was set during this competition:
Schedule
All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Qualifying round
Qual. rule: qualification standard 12.30m (Q) or at least best 12 qualified (q).
Final standings
Key: OR = Olympic record
References
External links
Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad, The (1948). The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. LA84 Foundation. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Shot put at the Olympics
1948 in women's athletics
Ath |
"Dingga" () is a song by South Korean girl group Mamamoo. It was released on October 20, 2020, as the lead single from the group's tenth extended play (EP), Travel. A disco and dance-pop song, "Dingga" was written by Kim Do-hoon, Park Woo-sang, and Moonbyul and produced by the former two along with Hwasa. The song was met with positive reception and became a top-ten hit in South Korea and on the Billboard World Digital Songs Sales chart.
Background and release
Following the release of the promotional single "Wanna Be Myself" for Mamamoo's campaign with athletic clothing brand Andar in September, Mamamoo announced the impending release of their tenth EP Travel that November 2020. They revealed that they would be releasing a pre-release digital single titled "Dingga" on October 20, two weeks ahead of the EP itself. Korean media outlet Dispatch reported that Mamamoo's agency, RBW, remarked that with "hard times like this, we are in needs of Vitamin D. As we can’t get enough at the outside, Mamamoo will bring the Vitamin D [through] music," in reference to the vitamin D sign shown in an October 16 concept photo. The song was released to digital retailers alongside its instrumental version on October 20, 2020.
The Japanese version of the song was released to digital retailers on January 20, 2021.
Composition
"Dingga" is a K-pop, disco, and dance-pop song composed by Kim Do-hoon, Park Woo-sang, and Hwasa. The Korean version runs for two minutes and 59 seconds, while the Japanese version runs for three minutes and one second. It is composed in the key of A minor and at the tempo of 120 BPM. The title represents either the Korean expression for the "act of lazily enjoying one’s free time" or Korean onomatopoeic phrase for the sound a guitar makes. Lyrical themes of the song includes those of isolation, quarantine, and wanting to have fun during the COVID-19 pandemic. During an interview with Korean media outlet TVing, Mamamoo described the song as one "that expresses the desire to play 'Dinga Dinga' together in times when we have to maintain social distancing and live lonely daily lives."<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 10, 2020|title=마마무 "'딩가딩가', 신나는 곡..재기발랄 에너지 전달하고파"[일문일답]|trans-title=Mamamoo Dingga Dingga', an exciting song.. I want to deliver witty energy' [Q&A]|url=http://enews24.tving.com/news/article?nsID=1351575|access-date=September 7, 2021|website=TVING|language=ko}}</ref>
Promotion and live performances
As it was considered a "pre-release single," the group did not attend weekly music shows to promote the single upon its release. The first televised performance of the song occurred came on November 3, 2020 as part of their Mnet comeback show Monologue, which serves as the prize they earned for winning 2019 reality-competition show Queendom. Following the release of the Travel EP, they performed it several music programs, including M Countdown on November 5, Music Bank on November 6, and Show! Music Core on November 7. On December 6, they performed it, along with "Aya" at the 2020 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Mamamoo performed "Dingga" on March 28, 2021 as part of their KCON:TACT Season 3 performance on the final day of the online festival.
Music video
The official music video for "Dingga" was uploaded to YouTube on October 20, 2020 at 6:00 PM KST, in conjunction with the release of the single itself. Like several of their previous singles, the clip was posted to both the group's official channel and the 1theK distribution channel. Teen Vogue described it as "punchy" and "fun," featuring scenes including "roller derby, diners, and arcades as the members joyfully dance and hang out with each other." As of September 2021, the music video has garnered over 84.32 million views at 2.6 million likes on YouTube. The official dance performance video was uploaded on October 22.
The music video for the song's Japanese version was published through the Mamamoo Japan Official YouTube channel on February 1, 2021, featuring the same scenes as the original video except rerecorded in Japanese.
Commercial performance
The song debuted at number 20 on the Gaon Digital Chart for the 43rd issued week of 2020, also placing at number five on the Gaon Download Chart and number 40 on the Gaon Streaming Chart. In its fourth week of charting, it peaked at number seven on the Gaon Digital Chart, earning 20.2 million Gaon index points that week. The song also peaked at number five on the Billboard Korea K-pop Hot 100. "Dingga" debuted at number 75 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 and peaked at number 58 in February 2021, following the release of the Japanese version of the song. The song also peaked at number 21 on the RIAS Top Streaming Chart in Singapore. and debuted and peaked at number eight on the Billboard'' World Digital Songs Sales chart, on the chart issue dated October 31, 2020, spending three weeks on the chart. It thus became the group's ninth top-ten entry on the chart.
Accolades
Track listing
Digital download and streaming
"Dingga" – 2:59
"Dingga (Inst.)" – 2:59
Digital download and streaming
"Dingga -Japanese Ver.-" – 3:01
Credits and personnel
Adapted from album liner notes.
Studio locations
Recorded at RBW Studio (Seoul, South Korea)
Mixed at CUBE Studio (Seoul, South Korea)
Mastered at 821 Sound Mastering (Seoul, South Korea)
Personnel
Mamamoo – lead vocals, chorus
Moonbyul – lyrics
Hwasa – composition
Kim Do-hoon – lyrics, composition, arrangement, synthesizer, drum programming, recording
Park Woo-sang – lyrics, composition, arrangement, piano, synthesizer, drum programming, chorus, recording
Young – guitar
Jo-ssi Ahjussi – mixing
Jeon Bu-yeon – mixing assistant
Kwon Nam-woo – mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Monthly charts
Year-end charts
Release history
References
Mamamoo songs
2020 singles
Korean-language songs
2020 songs |
A gasworks or gas house is an industrial plant for the production of flammable gas. Many of these have been made redundant in the developed world by the use of natural gas, though they are still used for storage space.
Early gasworks
Coal gas was introduced to Great Britain in the 1790s as an illuminating gas by the Scottish inventor William Murdoch.
Early gasworks were usually located beside a river or canal so that coal could be brought in by barge. Transport was later shifted to railways and many gasworks had internal railway systems with their own locomotives.
Early gasworks were built for factories in the Industrial Revolution from about 1805 as a light source and for industrial processes requiring gas, and for lighting in country houses from about 1845. Country house gas works are extant at Culzean Castle in Scotland and Owlpen in Gloucestershire.
Equipment
A gasworks was divided into several sections for the production, purification and storage of gas.
Retort house
This contained the retorts in which coal was heated to generate the gas. The crude gas was siphoned off and passed on to the condenser. The waste product left in the retort was coke. In many cases the coke was then burned to heat the retorts or sold as smokeless fuel.
Condenser
This consisted of a bank of air-cooled gas pipes over a water-filled sump. Its purpose was to remove tar from the gas by condensing it out as the gas was cooled. Occasionally the condenser pipes were contained in a water tank similar to a boiler but operated in the same manner as the air-cooled variant. The tar produced was then held in a tar well/tank which was also used to store liquor.
Exhauster
An impeller or pump was used to increase the gas pressure before scrubbing. Exhausters were optional components and could be placed anywhere along the purifying process but were most often placed after the condensers and immediately before the gas entered the gas holders.
Scrubber
A sealed tank containing water through which the gas was bubbled. This removed ammonia and ammonium compounds. The water often contained dissolved lime to aid the removal of ammonia. The water left behind was known as ammonical liquor. Other versions used consisted of a tower, packed with coke, down which water was trickled.
Purifier
Also known as an Iron Sponge, this removed hydrogen sulfide from the gas by passing it over wooden trays containing moist ferric oxide. The gas then passed on to the gasholder and the iron sulfide was sold to extract the sulfur. Waste from this process often gave rise to blue billy, a ferrocyanide contaminant in the land which causes problems when trying to redevelop an old gasworks site.
Benzole plant
Often only used at large gasworks sites, a benzole plant consisted of a series of vertical tanks containing petroleum oil through which the gas was bubbled. The purpose of a benzole plant was to extract benzole from the gas. The benzole dissolved into the petroleum oil was run through a steam separating plant to be sold separately.
Gasholder
The gas holder or gasometer was a tank used for storage of the gas and to maintain even pressure in distribution pipes. The gas holder usually consisted of an upturned steel bell contained within a large frame that guided it as it rose and fell depending on the amount of gas it contained.
By-products
The by-products of gas-making, such as coke, coal tar, ammonia and sulfur had many uses. For details, see coal gas.
British gasworks today
Coal gas is no longer made in the UK but many gasworks sites are still used for storage and metering of natural gas and some of the old gasometers are still in use. Fakenham gasworks dating from 1846 is the only complete, non-operational gasworks remaining in England. Other examples exist at Biggar in Scotland and Carrickfergus in Northern Ireland.
Photos of Fakenham Gas Works
Gasworks in popular culture
Gasworks were noted for their foul smell and generally located in the poorest metropolitan areas. Cultural remnants of gasworks include many streets named Gas Street or Gas Avenue and groups or gangs known as Gas House Gang, such as the 1934 St. Louis Cardinals baseball team. The 1946 film Gas House Kids features children from New York's Gas House District taking on a gang, and spawned two sequels. Ewan McColl's 1968 song "Dirty Old Town" (about his home town of Salford) famously begins "Found my love by the gaswork croft…" (in cover versions often "I met my love by the gasworks wall…")
Fans of Bristol Rovers F.C. in south west England are known as ‘Gas-Heads’ due to the proximity of gasometers near to their original ground at Eastville in Bristol. Bristol Rovers F.C. is also known as ‘The Gas’.
Railway gasworks
Gas was used for many years to illuminate the interior of railway carriages. The New South Wales Government Railways manufactured its own oil-gas for this purpose, together with reticulated coal-gas to railway stations and associated infrastructure. Such works were established at the Macdonaldtown Carriage Sheds, Newcastle, Bathurst, Junee and Werris Creek. These plants followed on from the works of a private supplier which the railway took over in 1884.
Gas was also transported in special travelling gas reservoir wagons from the gasworks to stationary reservoirs located at a number of country stations where carriage reservoirs were replenished.
With the spreading conversion to electric power for lighting buildings and carriages during the 1920s and 1930s, the railway gasworks were progressively decommissioned.
Gasworks being operated as industrial museums
Gasworks Brisbane, Australia
The Gasworks Newstead site in Brisbane Australia has been a stalwart of the river’s edge since its development in 1863. By 1890, the works were supplying gas to Brisbane streets from Toowong to Hamilton and over the next 100 years, it would grow to supply Brisbane city with the latest in gas technology until it was decommissioned in 1996.
In March 1866, the Queensland Defence Force placed an official request for town gas connection, evidence of the vital role the gasworks played in the economic development of colonial Brisbane. In fact, the gasworks were considered to be of such importance, that during World War II, genuine fears of attack from Japanese air raids motivated the installation of anti aircraft guns which vigilantly watched over the plant and its employees throughout the war.
The site itself has been synonymous with economic growth and benefit to Brisbane and Queensland with the success of the gasworks facilitating further development of the Newstead/Teneriffe area to include the James Hardie fibro-cement manufacturing plant, Shell Oil plant, Brisbane Water and Sewerage Depot and even the “Brisbane Gas Company Cookery School” which operated in the 1940s. In 1954, a carbonizing plant was built, giving Brisbane the "most modern gas producing plant in Australia", consuming 100 tonnes of coal every eight hours.
During its golden years in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the site also played a vital role in providing employment to aboriginal Australians and many migrant workers arriving there from Europe after the second World War.
The fine tradition of the Brisbane Gasworks economic and employment-based successes will not be lost or forgotten with the Teneriffe Gasworks Village Development paying homage to the sites history and integrity in its pending urban development.
The gasholder structure at this site is set to become a hub of a new property development on the site – keeping the structural integrity of the pig iron structure. It will be a true reflection of urban renewal embracing its industrial past.
Dunedin Gasworks Museum
Located in South Dunedin, New Zealand, the Dunedin Gasworks Museum consists of a conserved engine house featuring a working boiler house, fitting shop and collection of five stationary steam engines. There are also displays of domestic and industrial gas appliances.
Technopolis (Gazi)
Located in Athens, Greece Technopolis (Gazi) is a gasworks converted to an exhibition space.
The Gas Museum, Leicester
The Gas Museum in Leicester, UK is operated by The National Gas Museum Trust.
Gas Works Park
Gas Works Park is a public park in Seattle, Washington.
Warsaw Gasworks Museum
The Warsaw Gasworks Museum is a museum in Warsaw, Poland.
Museo dell'Acqua e del Gas
The Museo dell'Acqua e del Gas is a museum in Genoa, Italy.
It is located in the industrial area of the IREN company, an Italian multi-utility, where coal gas has been produced till 1972.
The small Museum, managed by Fondazione AMGA, hosts a rich collection of industrial finds, related to water and gas works history.
Hasdanpaşa Gasworks
Hasanpaşa Gasworks a 1892-built gasworks in Istanbul, Turkey, which was redeveloped into a museum in 2021.
See also
History of manufactured fuel gases
British Gas plc
References
Chemical plants
Fuel gas
Industrial buildings and structures |
Bear's Castle is a small faux castle (fortified homestead) constructed in approx 1846 in Yan Yean, Victoria, Australia.
Construction
The castle was a cob construction from mud and clay with planks of timber in-between the layer of cob with a stone base for foundations. Large tree timbers providing form for the windows (inverted tree forks), and straight trunks provide support for the first floor. It was constructed in about 1846 by two men named Hannaford and Edwards, each of whom had recently arrived from Devon, England where cob was a common building technique were engaged to build the castle. It was built for the pastoralist John Bear. The castle is approximately 12 square metres in area, and has parapets and turrets on each corner.
History
According to the 1975 history of Whittlesea Shire - The Plenty - A Centenary History of the Whittlesea Shire:
"A reminder of the by gone days remains beside the Yan Yean Reservoir. On departure from his holding for several weeks, John Bear was asked by his employees what work they should undertake. The story goes that his reply was 'Build me a castle'. Taking the direction literally, Hannaford with John Edwards as puddler set to building a 'castle' of mud walls with forked timber for doorways and window openings. Small turrets, one with circular stairs, are set at the corners of the building, originally covered with shingles. The MMBW recognising the historic value of the structure - referred to as Bears Castle - have recovered it in galvanised roofing."
"When James Duffy came as manager for Thomas Bear in 1865, he and his wife lived in this old castle while a house was built for them."
The castle served as a temporary residence for Thomas Bear's farm manager, Joseph Owen and family from about 1865. Thomas was John Bears son.
Some theories about the reason the castle was created include:
providing a bolt hole in case of attack - John Bear's wife had been held up by the Plenty bushrangers in 1842 and John was often absent on business;
a lookout, as it is on the top of a rise and the land had been cleared of trees which gave a good view over the Plenty River Valley;
refuge from bushfires;
providing protection from the weather for shepherds.
In about 1900 the parapets and a castellated tower topping a corner turret were removed. In the 1970s the walls were rendered with chicken wire and mud to protect the building against decay. The earlier walls can be seen in the circa 1870 picture which includes 5 of Thomas Bear's children. The Yan Yean Reservoir can be seen in the background.
The castle was added to the Victorian Heritage Register in 1998.
As the castle is in a protected water catchment area for Melbourne, access is restricted. The Whittlesea Historical Society has at times arranged a guided visit to the site. These are infrequent and may occur once a year.
The castle has 2 storeys however there is no flooring on the second storey.
Tours of the site are still available.
References
External links
Bears Castle, Whittlesea Information Centre
Heritage-listed buildings in Melbourne
Houses in Melbourne
Buildings and structures completed in the 1840s
1840s establishments in Australia
Buildings and structures in the City of Whittlesea |
```c++
// TnzLib includes
#include "toonz/tstageobjectcmd.h"
#include "toonz/txsheethandle.h"
#include "toonz/tobjecthandle.h"
#include "toonz/tcolumnhandle.h"
#include "toonz/tfxhandle.h"
#include "toonz/txsheet.h"
#include "toonz/toonzscene.h"
#include "toonz/tstageobjectspline.h"
#include "toonz/tstageobjecttree.h"
#include "toonz/tcamera.h"
#include "toonz/tcolumnfxset.h"
#include "toonz/fxdag.h"
// TnzBase includes
#include "tdoublekeyframe.h"
#include "tfx.h"
// TnzCore includes
#include "tundo.h"
#include "tconvert.h"
#include "historytypes.h"
// Qt includes
#include <QMap>
#include <QString>
namespace {
bool canRemoveFx(const std::set<TFx *> &leaves, TFx *fx) {
for (int i = 0; i < fx->getInputPortCount(); i++) {
TFx *inputFx = fx->getInputPort(i)->getFx();
if (!inputFx) continue;
if (leaves.count(inputFx) > 0) continue;
if (!canRemoveFx(leaves, inputFx)) return false;
}
return fx->getInputPortCount() > 0;
}
//=========================================================
//
// NewCameraUndo
//
//---------------------------------------------------------
class NewCameraUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_cameraId, m_oldCurrentId;
TStageObject *m_stageObject;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
TObjectHandle *m_objHandle;
public:
NewCameraUndo(const TStageObjectId &cameraId, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle)
: m_cameraId(cameraId)
, m_stageObject(0)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle)
, m_objHandle(objHandle) {
assert(cameraId.isCamera());
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
m_stageObject = xsh->getStageObject(m_cameraId);
m_stageObject->addRef();
m_oldCurrentId = m_objHandle->getObjectId();
}
~NewCameraUndo() { m_stageObject->release(); }
void undo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
if (m_cameraId == m_objHandle->getObjectId())
m_objHandle->setObjectId(m_oldCurrentId);
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->removeStageObject(m_cameraId);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->insertStageObject(m_stageObject);
m_objHandle->setObjectId(m_cameraId);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof(*this); }
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QObject::tr("New Camera %1")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_cameraId.toString()));
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
private:
// not implemented
NewCameraUndo(const NewCameraUndo &);
NewCameraUndo &operator=(const NewCameraUndo &);
};
//=========================================================
//
// NewPegbarUndo
//
//---------------------------------------------------------
class NewPegbarUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_id, m_oldCurrentId;
TStageObject *m_stageObject;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
TObjectHandle *m_objHandle;
public:
NewPegbarUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle)
: m_id(id)
, m_stageObject(0)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle)
, m_objHandle(objHandle) {
assert(!id.isTable());
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
m_stageObject = xsh->getStageObject(m_id);
m_stageObject->addRef();
m_oldCurrentId = m_objHandle->getObjectId();
}
~NewPegbarUndo() { m_stageObject->release(); }
void undo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
if (m_id == m_objHandle->getObjectId())
m_objHandle->setObjectId(m_oldCurrentId);
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->removeStageObject(m_id);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->insertStageObject(m_stageObject);
m_objHandle->setObjectId(m_id);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof(*this); }
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QObject::tr("New Pegbar %1")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_id.toString()));
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
private:
// not implemented
NewPegbarUndo(const NewPegbarUndo &);
NewPegbarUndo &operator=(const NewPegbarUndo &);
};
//===================================================================
//
// SetActiveCameraUndo
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class SetActiveCameraUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_oldCameraId, m_newCameraId;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
SetActiveCameraUndo(const TStageObjectId &oldCameraId,
const TStageObjectId &newCameraId,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_oldCameraId(oldCameraId)
, m_newCameraId(newCameraId)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {}
void undo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->setCurrentCameraId(m_oldCameraId);
// make the preview camera same as the final camera
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->setCurrentPreviewCameraId(m_oldCameraId);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->setCurrentCameraId(m_newCameraId);
// make the preview camera same as the final camera
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->setCurrentPreviewCameraId(m_newCameraId);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof(*this); }
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QObject::tr("Set Active Camera %1 > %2")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_oldCameraId.toString()))
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_newCameraId.toString()));
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// RemoveSplineUndo
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class RemoveSplineUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_id;
TStageObjectSpline *m_spline;
std::vector<TStageObjectId> m_ids;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
RemoveSplineUndo(TStageObjectSpline *spline, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_spline(spline), m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {
m_spline->addRef();
TStageObjectTree *pegbarTree =
m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
for (int i = 0; i < pegbarTree->getStageObjectCount(); i++) {
TStageObject *pegbar = pegbarTree->getStageObject(i);
if (pegbar->getSpline() == m_spline) m_ids.push_back(pegbar->getId());
}
}
~RemoveSplineUndo() { m_spline->release(); }
void undo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->insertSpline(m_spline);
for (int i = 0; i < (int)m_ids.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *pegbar = xsh->getStageObject(m_ids[i]);
assert(pegbar);
pegbar->setSpline(m_spline);
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
for (int i = 0; i < (int)m_ids.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *pegbar = xsh->getStageObject(m_ids[i]);
assert(pegbar);
pegbar->setSpline(0);
}
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->removeSpline(m_spline);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override {
return sizeof *this + sizeof(TStageObjectSpline) +
sizeof(TStageObjectId) * m_ids.size();
}
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QObject::tr("Remove Spline %1")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_id.toString()));
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// NewSplineUndo
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class NewSplineUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_id;
TStageObjectSpline *m_spline;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
NewSplineUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TStageObjectSpline *spline,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_id(id), m_spline(spline), m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {
m_spline->addRef();
}
~NewSplineUndo() { m_spline->release(); }
void undo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObject *pegbar = xsh->getStageObject(m_id);
assert(pegbar);
pegbar->setSpline(0);
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->removeSpline(m_spline);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->insertSpline(m_spline);
TStageObject *pegbar = xsh->getStageObject(m_id);
assert(pegbar);
pegbar->setSpline(m_spline);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override {
return sizeof *this + sizeof(TStageObjectSpline);
}
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QObject::tr("New Motion Path %1")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_spline->getName()));
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// SplineLinkUndo
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class SplineLinkUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_id;
TStageObjectSpline *m_spline;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
SplineLinkUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TStageObjectSpline *spline,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_id(id), m_spline(spline), m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {
m_spline->addRef();
}
~SplineLinkUndo() { m_spline->release(); }
void undo() const override {
TStageObject *object = m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(m_id);
object->setSpline(0);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TStageObject *object = m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(m_id);
object->setSpline(m_spline);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override {
return sizeof *this + sizeof(TStageObjectSpline);
}
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QObject::tr("Link Motion Path %1 > %2")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_spline->getName()))
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_id.toString()));
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// DeleteSplineLinkUndo
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class RemoveSplineLinkUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_id;
TStageObjectSpline *m_spline;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
TObjectHandle *m_objHandle;
public:
RemoveSplineLinkUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TStageObjectSpline *spline,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle, TObjectHandle *objHandle)
: m_id(id)
, m_spline(spline)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle)
, m_objHandle(objHandle) {
m_spline->addRef();
}
~RemoveSplineLinkUndo() { m_spline->release(); }
void undo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObjectTree *objTree = xsh->getStageObjectTree();
TStageObject *object = objTree->getStageObject(m_id, false);
if (!object) return;
object->setSpline(m_spline);
if (m_objHandle->getObjectId() == m_id) m_objHandle->setIsSpline(true);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObjectTree *objTree = xsh->getStageObjectTree();
TStageObject *object = objTree->getStageObject(m_id, false);
if (!object) return;
object->setSpline(0);
if (m_objHandle->getObjectId() == m_id) m_objHandle->setIsSpline(false);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override {
return sizeof *this + sizeof(TStageObjectSpline);
}
};
//===================================================================
//
// RemovePegbarNodeUndo
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class RemovePegbarNodeUndo final : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_objId;
TXshColumnP m_column;
TStageObjectParams *m_params;
QList<TStageObjectId> m_linkedObj;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
RemovePegbarNodeUndo(TStageObjectId id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: TUndo(), m_objId(id), m_xshHandle(xshHandle), m_column(0) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObject *obj = xsh->getStageObject(id);
assert(obj);
m_params = obj->getParams();
if (id.isColumn()) m_column = xsh->getColumn(id.getIndex());
}
~RemovePegbarNodeUndo() { delete m_params; }
void setLinkedObjects(const QList<TStageObjectId> &linkedObj) {
m_linkedObj = linkedObj;
}
void undo() const override {
// reinsert Object
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
if (m_objId.isColumn() && m_column)
xsh->insertColumn(m_objId.getIndex(), m_column.getPointer());
TStageObject *obj = xsh->getStageObject(m_objId);
obj->assignParams(m_params);
obj->setParent(m_params->m_parentId);
int i, linkCount = m_linkedObj.size();
for (i = 0; i < linkCount; i++) {
TStageObject *linkedObj = xsh->getStageObject(m_linkedObj[i]);
assert(linkedObj);
linkedObj->setParent(m_objId);
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
xsh->notifyStageObjectAdded(m_objId);
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
int pegbarsCount = xsh->getStageObjectTree()->getStageObjectCount();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < pegbarsCount; ++i) {
TStageObject *other = xsh->getStageObjectTree()->getStageObject(i);
if (other->getId() == m_objId) continue;
if (other->getParent() == m_objId)
other->setParent(xsh->getStageObjectParent(m_objId));
}
if (m_objId.isColumn())
xsh->removeColumn(m_objId.getIndex());
else
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->removeStageObject(m_objId);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override {
return sizeof *this + sizeof(TStageObjectParams) + sizeof(m_xshHandle);
}
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QObject::tr("Remove Object %1")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(m_objId.toString()));
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// RemoveColumnsUndo
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class RemoveColumnsUndo final : public TUndo {
std::vector<TFx *> m_deletedFx;
std::vector<TFx *> m_terminalFx;
QMap<TStageObjectId, QList<TFxPort *>> m_columnFxConnections;
QList<TFx *> m_notTerminalColumns;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
RemoveColumnsUndo(
const std::vector<TFx *> &deletedFx, const std::vector<TFx *> &terminalFx,
const QMap<TStageObjectId, QList<TFxPort *>> columnFxConnections,
const QList<TFx *> ¬TerminalColumns, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: TUndo()
, m_deletedFx(deletedFx)
, m_terminalFx(terminalFx)
, m_columnFxConnections(columnFxConnections)
, m_notTerminalColumns(notTerminalColumns)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < (int)m_deletedFx.size(); i++) m_deletedFx[i]->addRef();
}
~RemoveColumnsUndo() {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < (int)m_deletedFx.size(); i++) m_deletedFx[i]->release();
}
void undo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
TFxSet *terminalFxs = xsh->getFxDag()->getTerminalFxs();
TFxSet *internalFxs = xsh->getFxDag()->getInternalFxs();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < (int)m_deletedFx.size(); i++)
internalFxs->addFx(m_deletedFx[i]);
for (i = 0; i < (int)m_terminalFx.size(); i++)
terminalFxs->addFx(m_terminalFx[i]);
QMap<TStageObjectId, QList<TFxPort *>>::const_iterator it;
for (it = m_columnFxConnections.begin(); it != m_columnFxConnections.end();
it++) {
TStageObjectId id = it.key();
QList<TFxPort *> ports = it.value();
TXshColumnP column = xsh->getColumn(id.getIndex());
assert(column);
int j;
for (j = 0; j < ports.size(); j++) ports[j]->setFx(column->getFx());
}
for (i = 0; i < m_notTerminalColumns.size(); i++)
terminalFxs->removeFx(m_notTerminalColumns[i]);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
xsh->notifyFxAdded(m_deletedFx);
}
void redo() const override {
TXsheet *xsh = m_xshHandle->getXsheet();
TFxSet *terminalFxs = xsh->getFxDag()->getTerminalFxs();
TFxSet *internalFxs = xsh->getFxDag()->getInternalFxs();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < (int)m_deletedFx.size(); i++)
internalFxs->removeFx(m_deletedFx[i]);
for (i = 0; i < (int)m_terminalFx.size(); i++)
terminalFxs->removeFx(m_terminalFx[i]);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override {
return sizeof *this + m_deletedFx.size() * sizeof(TFx) +
m_terminalFx.size() * sizeof(TFx) +
m_columnFxConnections.size() *
(sizeof(TStageObjectId) + 10 * sizeof(TFxPort)) +
m_notTerminalColumns.size() * sizeof(TFx) + sizeof(TXsheetHandle);
}
QString getHistoryString() override {
QString str = QObject::tr("Remove Column ");
QMap<TStageObjectId, QList<TFxPort *>>::const_iterator it;
for (it = m_columnFxConnections.begin(); it != m_columnFxConnections.end();
it++) {
TStageObjectId id = it.key();
if (it != m_columnFxConnections.begin())
str += QString::fromStdString(", ");
str += QString::fromStdString(id.toString());
}
return str;
}
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Schematic; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// UndoGroup
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class UndoGroup final : public TUndo {
QList<TStageObjectId> m_ids;
int m_groupId;
QList<int> m_positions;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
UndoGroup(const QList<TStageObjectId> &ids, int groupId,
const QList<int> &positions, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_ids(ids)
, m_groupId(groupId)
, m_positions(positions)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {}
~UndoGroup() {}
void undo() const override {
assert(m_ids.size() == m_positions.size());
TStageObjectTree *pegTree = m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_ids.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *obj = pegTree->getStageObject(m_ids[i], false);
if (obj) {
obj->removeGroupName(m_positions[i]);
obj->removeGroupId(m_positions[i]);
}
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
assert(m_ids.size() == m_positions.size());
TStageObjectTree *pegTree = m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_ids.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *obj = pegTree->getStageObject(m_ids[i], false);
if (obj) {
obj->setGroupId(m_groupId, m_positions[i]);
obj->setGroupName(L"Group " + std::to_wstring(m_groupId),
m_positions[i]);
}
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof *this; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// UndoUngroup
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class UndoUngroup final : public TUndo {
QList<TStageObjectId> m_objsId;
QList<int> m_positions;
int m_groupId;
std::wstring m_groupName;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
UndoUngroup(const QList<TStageObject *> &objs, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {
assert(objs.size() > 0);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < objs.size(); i++) {
m_objsId.append(objs[i]->getId());
if (i == 0) {
m_groupId = objs[i]->getGroupId();
m_groupName = objs[i]->getGroupName(false);
}
}
}
~UndoUngroup() {}
void setStackPositions(const QList<int> &positions) {
m_positions = positions;
}
void undo() const override {
assert(m_objsId.size() == m_positions.size());
TStageObjectTree *objTree = m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
if (!objTree) return;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_objsId.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *obj = objTree->getStageObject(m_objsId[i], false);
if (!obj) continue;
obj->setGroupId(m_groupId, m_positions[i]);
obj->setGroupName(m_groupName, m_positions[i]);
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
assert(m_objsId.size() == m_positions.size());
TStageObjectTree *objTree = m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
if (!objTree) return;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_objsId.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *obj = objTree->getStageObject(m_objsId[i], false);
if (!obj) continue;
obj->removeGroupName(m_positions[i]);
obj->removeGroupId(m_positions[i]);
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof *this; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// UndoRenameGroup
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class UndoRenameGroup final : public TUndo {
QList<TStageObject *> m_objs;
QList<int> m_positions;
std::wstring m_oldGroupName;
std::wstring m_newGroupName;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
UndoRenameGroup(const QList<TStageObject *> &objs,
const QList<int> &positions, const std::wstring &newName,
const std::wstring &oldName, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_objs(objs)
, m_newGroupName(newName)
, m_oldGroupName(oldName)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle)
, m_positions(positions) {
assert(objs.size() > 0);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_objs.size(); i++) m_objs[i]->addRef();
}
~UndoRenameGroup() {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_objs.size(); i++) m_objs[i]->release();
}
void undo() const override {
assert(m_objs.size() == m_positions.size());
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_objs.size(); i++) {
m_objs[i]->removeGroupName(m_positions[i]);
m_objs[i]->setGroupName(m_oldGroupName, m_positions[i]);
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
assert(m_objs.size() == m_positions.size());
int i;
for (i = 0; i < m_objs.size(); i++) {
m_objs[i]->removeGroupName(m_positions[i]);
m_objs[i]->setGroupName(m_newGroupName, m_positions[i]);
}
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof *this; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// UndoStatusChange
//
//your_sha256_hash---
class UndoStatusChange final : public TUndo {
TStageObject *m_obj;
TStageObject::Status m_oldStatus, m_newStatus;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
UndoStatusChange(TStageObject *obj, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_obj(obj), m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {
m_obj->addRef();
// devo fare addref della spline altimenti crasha in uscita
// m_obj non fa addref della spline a lui associata, e quindi crasha perche'
// la spline viene distrutta
// prima di m_obj... sarebbe piu' corretto fare addref della spline quando
// viene settata all'oggetto
// piuttosto che farla qui?
TStageObjectSpline *spline = m_obj->getSpline();
if (spline) spline->addRef();
m_oldStatus = m_obj->getStatus();
}
~UndoStatusChange() {
TStageObjectSpline *spline = m_obj->getSpline();
m_obj->release();
if (spline) spline->release();
}
void onAdd() override { m_newStatus = m_obj->getStatus(); }
void undo() const override {
m_obj->setStatus(m_oldStatus);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
m_obj->setStatus(m_newStatus);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof *this; }
};
//===================================================================
//
// removePegbarNode
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void removeStageObjectNode(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle, TFxHandle *fxHandle,
bool doUndo = true) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObject *pegbar = xsh->getStageObject(id);
// Lacamera corrente e il tavolo non si devono rimuovere
if (id.isTable() ||
(id.isCamera() && xsh->getStageObjectTree()->getCurrentCameraId() == id))
return;
if (id.isCamera() && xsh->getCameraColumnIndex() == id.getIndex())
xsh->setCameraColumnIndex(
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->getCurrentCameraId().getIndex());
// stacco tutti i figli e li attacco al padre
QList<TStageObjectId> linkedObjects;
int pegbarsCount = xsh->getStageObjectTree()->getStageObjectCount();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < pegbarsCount; ++i) {
TStageObject *other = xsh->getStageObjectTree()->getStageObject(i);
if (other == pegbar) continue;
if (other->getParent() == id) {
other->setParent(pegbar->getParent());
linkedObjects.push_back(other->getId());
}
}
if (id == objHandle->getObjectId())
objHandle->setObjectId(TStageObjectId::TableId);
RemovePegbarNodeUndo *undo = new RemovePegbarNodeUndo(id, xshHandle);
undo->setLinkedObjects(linkedObjects);
if (id.isColumn())
xsh->removeColumn(id.getIndex());
else
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->removeStageObject(id);
if (doUndo)
TUndoManager::manager()->add(undo);
else
delete undo;
}
//===================================================================
//
// removeColumns
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void removeColumns(const QVector<int> &columnIndexes, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle, TFxHandle *fxHandle,
bool doUndo = true) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
int i;
QMap<TStageObjectId, QList<TFxPort *>> columnFxConnection;
std::set<TFx *> leafesFx;
QList<TFx *> notTerminalColumns;
for (i = columnIndexes.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
TStageObjectId id = TStageObjectId::ColumnId(columnIndexes[i]);
TXshColumnP column = xsh->getColumn(id.getIndex());
if (!column) continue;
TFx *columnFx = column->getFx();
if (!columnFx) continue;
int j;
for (j = 0; j < columnFx->getOutputConnectionCount(); j++)
columnFxConnection[id].append(columnFx->getOutputConnection(j));
leafesFx.insert(columnFx);
if (!xsh->getFxDag()->getTerminalFxs()->containsFx(columnFx))
notTerminalColumns.append(columnFx);
}
std::vector<TFx *> fxsToKill;
std::vector<TFx *> terminalFxsToKill;
TFxSet *fxSet = xsh->getFxDag()->getInternalFxs();
for (i = 0; i < fxSet->getFxCount(); i++) {
TFx *fx = fxSet->getFx(i);
if (canRemoveFx(leafesFx, fx)) {
fxsToKill.push_back(fx);
if (xsh->getFxDag()->getTerminalFxs()->containsFx(fx))
terminalFxsToKill.push_back(fx);
}
}
if (doUndo) {
RemoveColumnsUndo *undo =
new RemoveColumnsUndo(fxsToKill, terminalFxsToKill, columnFxConnection,
notTerminalColumns, xshHandle);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(undo);
}
for (i = 0; i < (int)fxsToKill.size(); i++) {
TFx *fx = fxsToKill[i];
if (fx == fxHandle->getFx()) fxHandle->setFx(0);
if (fx->getLinkedFx() != fx) fx->unlinkParams();
int j, outputPortCount = fx->getOutputConnectionCount();
for (j = outputPortCount - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
TFxPort *port = fx->getOutputConnection(j);
std::vector<TFx *>::iterator it =
std::find(fxsToKill.begin(), fxsToKill.end(), port->getOwnerFx());
std::set<TFx *>::iterator it2 =
std::find(leafesFx.begin(), leafesFx.end(), port->getFx());
if (it == fxsToKill.end() && it2 == leafesFx.end()) port->setFx(0);
}
fxSet->removeFx(fx);
xsh->getFxDag()->getTerminalFxs()->removeFx(fx);
}
for (i = columnIndexes.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
removeStageObjectNode(TStageObjectId::ColumnId(columnIndexes[i]), xshHandle,
objHandle, fxHandle, doUndo);
}
//===================================================================
//
// removeSpline
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void removeSpline(TStageObjectSpline *spline, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle, bool doUndo = true) {
if (doUndo)
TUndoManager::manager()->add(new RemoveSplineUndo(spline, xshHandle));
TStageObjectTree *pegbarTree = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
for (int i = 0; i < pegbarTree->getStageObjectCount(); i++) {
TStageObject *pegbar = pegbarTree->getStageObject(i);
if (pegbar->getSpline() == spline) {
pegbar->setSpline(0);
if (pegbar->getId() == objHandle->getObjectId())
objHandle->setIsSpline(false);
}
}
pegbarTree->removeSpline(spline);
// xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void removeLink(const QPair<TStageObjectId, TStageObjectId> &link,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle, TObjectHandle *objHandle,
bool doUndo = true) {
TStageObjectTree *objTree = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
if (link.first ==
link.second) { // is a link connecting a spline with an object
TStageObject *object = objTree->getStageObject(link.first, false);
if (!object) return;
TStageObjectSpline *spline = object->getSpline();
assert(spline);
object->setSpline(0);
if (objHandle->getObjectId() == link.first) objHandle->setIsSpline(false);
if (doUndo) {
TUndo *undo =
new RemoveSplineLinkUndo(link.first, spline, xshHandle, objHandle);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(undo);
}
} else {
TStageObject *object = objTree->getStageObject(link.first, false);
TStageObject *parentObject = objTree->getStageObject(link.second, false);
if (!object || !parentObject || object->isGrouped() ||
parentObject->isGrouped())
return;
assert(object->getParent() == parentObject->getId());
TStageObjectCmd::setParent(object->getId(), TStageObjectId::NoneId, "",
xshHandle, doUndo);
}
}
} // namespace
//===================================================================
//
// SetAttributeUndo & sons
//
//your_sha256_hash---
namespace {
//your_sha256_hash---
template <class T>
class SetAttributeUndo : public TUndo {
TStageObjectId m_id;
T m_oldValue, m_newValue;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
SetAttributeUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
T oldValue, T newValue)
: m_id(id)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle)
, m_oldValue(oldValue)
, m_newValue(newValue) {}
TStageObjectId getId() const { return m_id; }
TStageObject *getStageObject() const {
TStageObject *pegbar = m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(m_id);
assert(pegbar);
return pegbar;
}
virtual void setAttribute(TStageObject *pegbar, T value) const = 0;
void setAttribute(T value) const {
TStageObject *pegbar = getStageObject();
if (pegbar) setAttribute(pegbar, value);
}
void undo() const override {
setAttribute(m_oldValue);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
setAttribute(m_newValue);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override { return sizeof(*this); }
int getHistoryType() override { return HistoryType::Unidentified; }
QString getHistoryString() override {
return QString("%1 %2 : %3 -> %4")
.arg(getActionName())
.arg(QString::fromStdString(getId().toString()))
.arg(getStringFromValue(m_oldValue))
.arg(getStringFromValue(m_newValue));
}
virtual QString getActionName() { return QString(); }
virtual QString getStringFromValue(T value) { return QString(); }
};
//your_sha256_hash---
class StageObjectRenameUndo final : public SetAttributeUndo<std::string> {
public:
StageObjectRenameUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
std::string oldName, std::string newName)
: SetAttributeUndo<std::string>(id, xshHandle, oldName, newName) {}
void setAttribute(TStageObject *pegbar, std::string name) const override {
pegbar->setName(name);
}
QString getActionName() override { return QString("Rename Object"); }
QString getStringFromValue(std::string value) override {
return QString::fromStdString(value);
}
};
//your_sha256_hash---
class ResetOffsetUndo final : public SetAttributeUndo<TPointD> {
public:
ResetOffsetUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
const TPointD &oldOffset)
: SetAttributeUndo<TPointD>(id, xshHandle, oldOffset, TPointD()) {}
void setAttribute(TStageObject *pegbar, TPointD offset) const override {
pegbar->setOffset(offset);
}
QString getActionName() override { return QString("Reset Center"); }
QString getStringFromValue(TPointD value) override {
return QString("(%1,%2)")
.arg(QString::number(value.x))
.arg(QString::number(value.y));
}
};
//your_sha256_hash---
class ResetCenterAndOffsetUndo final : public SetAttributeUndo<TPointD> {
public:
ResetCenterAndOffsetUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
const TPointD &oldOffset)
: SetAttributeUndo<TPointD>(id, xshHandle, oldOffset, TPointD()) {}
void setAttribute(TStageObject *pegbar, TPointD offset) const override {
pegbar->setCenterAndOffset(offset, offset);
}
QString getActionName() override { return QString("Reset Center"); }
QString getStringFromValue(TPointD value) override {
return QString("(%1,%2)")
.arg(QString::number(value.x))
.arg(QString::number(value.y));
}
};
//your_sha256_hash---
class SetHandleUndo final : public SetAttributeUndo<std::string> {
TPointD m_center, m_offset;
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
public:
SetHandleUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, std::string oldHandle,
std::string newHandle, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: SetAttributeUndo<std::string>(id, xshHandle, oldHandle, newHandle)
, m_xshHandle(xshHandle) {
TStageObject *pegbar = getStageObject();
if (pegbar) pegbar->getCenterAndOffset(m_center, m_offset);
}
void setAttribute(TStageObject *pegbar, std::string handle) const override {
pegbar->setHandle(handle);
}
void undo() const override {
SetAttributeUndo<std::string>::undo();
TStageObject *pegbar = getStageObject();
if (pegbar) pegbar->setCenterAndOffset(m_center, m_offset);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
QString getActionName() override { return QString("Set Handle"); }
QString getStringFromValue(std::string value) override {
return QString::fromStdString(value);
}
};
//your_sha256_hash---
class SetParentHandleUndo final : public SetAttributeUndo<std::string> {
public:
SetParentHandleUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
std::string oldHandle, std::string newHandle)
: SetAttributeUndo<std::string>(id, xshHandle, oldHandle, newHandle) {}
void setAttribute(TStageObject *pegbar, std::string handle) const override {
pegbar->setParentHandle(handle);
}
QString getActionName() override { return QString("Set Parent Handle"); }
QString getStringFromValue(std::string value) override {
return QString::fromStdString(value);
}
};
//your_sha256_hash---
typedef std::pair<TStageObjectId, std::string> ParentIdAndHandle;
class SetParentUndo final : public SetAttributeUndo<ParentIdAndHandle> {
public:
SetParentUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TStageObjectId oldParentId, std::string oldParentHandle,
TStageObjectId newParentId, std::string newParentHandle)
: SetAttributeUndo<ParentIdAndHandle>(
id, xshHandle, ParentIdAndHandle(oldParentId, oldParentHandle),
ParentIdAndHandle(newParentId, newParentHandle)) {}
void setAttribute(TStageObject *pegbar,
ParentIdAndHandle parent) const override {
pegbar->setParent(parent.first);
pegbar->setParentHandle(parent.second);
}
QString getActionName() override { return QString("Set Parent Handle"); }
QString getStringFromValue(ParentIdAndHandle value) override {
return QString("(%1,%2)")
.arg(QString::fromStdString(value.first.toString()))
.arg(QString::fromStdString(value.second));
}
};
//your_sha256_hash---
class ResetPositionUndo final : public TUndo {
TXsheetHandle *m_xshHandle;
TStageObjectId m_id;
TPointD m_center, m_offset;
std::vector<TDoubleKeyframe> m_xKeyframes, m_yKeyframes;
void saveKeyframes(std::vector<TDoubleKeyframe> &keyframes,
const TDoubleParam *param) {
int n = param->getKeyframeCount();
if (n == 0)
keyframes.clear();
else {
keyframes.resize(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) keyframes[i] = param->getKeyframe(i);
}
}
void deleteAllKeyframes(TDoubleParam *param) const {
while (param->getKeyframeCount() > 0)
param->deleteKeyframe(param->keyframeIndexToFrame(0));
}
void restoreKeyframes(TDoubleParam *param,
const std::vector<TDoubleKeyframe> &keyframes) const {
deleteAllKeyframes(param);
for (int i = 0; i < (int)keyframes.size(); i++)
param->setKeyframe(keyframes[i]);
}
TStageObject *getStageObject() const {
return m_xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(m_id);
}
public:
ResetPositionUndo(const TStageObjectId &id, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle)
: m_xshHandle(xshHandle), m_id(id) {
TStageObject *stageObject = getStageObject();
if (stageObject) {
stageObject->getCenterAndOffset(m_center, m_offset);
saveKeyframes(m_xKeyframes, stageObject->getParam(TStageObject::T_X));
saveKeyframes(m_yKeyframes, stageObject->getParam(TStageObject::T_Y));
}
}
void undo() const override {
TStageObject *stageObject = getStageObject();
if (!stageObject) return;
stageObject->setCenterAndOffset(m_center, m_offset);
restoreKeyframes(stageObject->getParam(TStageObject::T_X), m_xKeyframes);
restoreKeyframes(stageObject->getParam(TStageObject::T_Y), m_yKeyframes);
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
void redo() const override {
TStageObject *stageObject = getStageObject();
if (!stageObject) return;
stageObject->setCenterAndOffset(TPointD(0, 0), TPointD(0, 0));
deleteAllKeyframes(stageObject->getParam(TStageObject::T_X));
deleteAllKeyframes(stageObject->getParam(TStageObject::T_Y));
m_xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
int getSize() const override {
return sizeof(*this) + sizeof(TDoubleKeyframe) *
(m_xKeyframes.size() + m_yKeyframes.size());
}
};
//your_sha256_hash---
} // namespace
//===================================================================
//
// pegbar rename
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::rename(const TStageObjectId &id, std::string name,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TStageObject *pegbar = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(id);
if (!pegbar) return;
std::string oldName = pegbar->getName();
if (oldName == name) return;
pegbar->setName(name);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new StageObjectRenameUndo(id, xshHandle, oldName, name));
}
//===================================================================
//
// resetOffset
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::resetOffset(const TStageObjectId &id,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TStageObject *peg = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(id);
if (!peg) return;
TPointD oldOffset = peg->getOffset();
peg->setOffset(TPointD());
TUndoManager::manager()->add(new ResetOffsetUndo(id, xshHandle, oldOffset));
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
// TNotifier::instance()->notify(TStageChange());
}
//===================================================================
//
// resetCenterAndOffset
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::resetCenterAndOffset(const TStageObjectId &id,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TStageObject *peg = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(id);
if (!peg) return;
TPointD oldOffset = peg->getOffset();
peg->setCenterAndOffset(TPointD(), TPointD());
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new ResetCenterAndOffsetUndo(id, xshHandle, oldOffset));
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
//===================================================================
//
// resetPosition
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::resetPosition(const TStageObjectId &id,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TStageObject *obj = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(id);
if (!obj) return;
TUndo *undo = new ResetPositionUndo(id, xshHandle);
undo->redo();
TUndoManager::manager()->add(undo);
}
//===================================================================
//
// setHandle
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::setHandle(const TStageObjectId &id, std::string handle,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TStageObject *peg = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(id);
if (!peg) return;
std::string oldHandle = peg->getHandle();
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new SetHandleUndo(id, oldHandle, handle, xshHandle));
peg->setHandle(handle);
}
//===================================================================
//
// setParentHandle
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::setParentHandle(const std::vector<TStageObjectId> &ids,
std::string handle,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
for (int i = 0; i < (int)ids.size(); i++) {
TStageObjectId id = ids[i];
TStageObject *peg = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(id);
if (!peg) continue;
std::string oldHandle = peg->getParentHandle();
peg->setParentHandle(handle);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new SetParentHandleUndo(id, xshHandle, oldHandle, handle));
}
}
//===================================================================
//
// setParent
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::setParent(const TStageObjectId &id,
TStageObjectId parentId,
std::string parentHandle,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle, bool doUndo) {
if (parentId == TStageObjectId::NoneId) {
if (id.isColumn() || id.isPegbar()) {
parentId = TStageObjectId::TableId;
parentHandle = "B";
}
}
TStageObject *stageObject = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObject(id);
if (!stageObject) return;
TStageObjectId oldParentId = stageObject->getParent();
std::string oldParentHandle;
if (oldParentId != TStageObjectId::NoneId)
oldParentHandle = stageObject->getParentHandle();
stageObject->setParent(parentId);
stageObject->setParentHandle(parentHandle);
if (doUndo) {
TUndoManager *undoManager = TUndoManager::manager();
TUndoManager::manager()->add(new SetParentUndo(
id, xshHandle, oldParentId, oldParentHandle, parentId, parentHandle));
}
}
//===================================================================
//
// setSplineParent
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::setSplineParent(TStageObjectSpline *spline,
TStageObject *parentObj,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new SplineLinkUndo(parentObj->getId(), spline, xshHandle));
parentObj->setSpline(spline);
}
//===================================================================
//
// addNewCamera
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::addNewCamera(TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle,
QPointF initialPos) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
int cameraIndex = 0;
TStageObjectTree *tree = xsh->getStageObjectTree();
TStageObjectId cameraId;
for (;;) {
cameraId = TStageObjectId::CameraId(cameraIndex);
if (tree->getStageObject(cameraId, false) != 0) {
cameraIndex++;
continue;
}
break;
}
// crea la nuova camera
TStageObject *newCameraPegbar = xsh->getStageObject(cameraId);
// make the new peg at the cursor position
if (!initialPos.isNull())
newCameraPegbar->setDagNodePos(TPointD(initialPos.x(), initialPos.y()));
// settings uguali a quelli della camera corrente
TCamera *currentCamera = tree->getCurrentCamera();
*newCameraPegbar->getCamera() = *currentCamera;
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new NewCameraUndo(cameraId, xshHandle, objHandle));
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
//===================================================================
//
// addNewPegbar
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::addNewPegbar(TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle,
QPointF initialPos) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
// crea la nuova pegbar
TStageObjectTree *pTree = xsh->getStageObjectTree();
int pegbarIndex = 0;
while (pTree->getStageObject(TStageObjectId::PegbarId(pegbarIndex), false))
pegbarIndex++;
TStageObjectId id = TStageObjectId::PegbarId(pegbarIndex);
TStageObject *obj = pTree->getStageObject(id, true);
if (!initialPos.isNull())
obj->setDagNodePos(TPointD(initialPos.x(), initialPos.y()));
TUndoManager::manager()->add(new NewPegbarUndo(id, xshHandle, objHandle));
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
//===================================================================
//
// setAsActiveCamera
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::setAsActiveCamera(TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObjectId currentPegbarId = objHandle->getObjectId();
assert(currentPegbarId.isCamera());
TStageObjectId newCameraId = currentPegbarId;
TStageObjectId oldCameraId = xsh->getStageObjectTree()->getCurrentCameraId();
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->setCurrentCameraId(newCameraId);
// make the preview camera same as the final render camera
xsh->getStageObjectTree()->setCurrentPreviewCameraId(newCameraId);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new SetActiveCameraUndo(oldCameraId, newCameraId, xshHandle));
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
//===================================================================
//
// addNewSpline
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::addNewSpline(TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle,
TColumnHandle *colHandle,
QPointF initialPos) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObjectSpline *spline = xsh->getStageObjectTree()->createSpline();
if (!initialPos.isNull())
spline->setDagNodePos(TPointD(initialPos.x(), initialPos.y()));
TStageObjectId objId = objHandle->getObjectId();
if (objId == TStageObjectId::NoneId) {
int col = colHandle->getColumnIndex();
if (col >= 0) objId = TStageObjectId::ColumnId(col);
}
if (objId != TStageObjectId::NoneId) {
TStageObject *pegbar = xsh->getStageObject(objId);
assert(pegbar);
pegbar->setSpline(spline);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(new NewSplineUndo(objId, spline, xshHandle));
}
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
//===================================================================
//
// deleteSelection
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::deleteSelection(
const std::vector<TStageObjectId> &objIds,
const std::list<QPair<TStageObjectId, TStageObjectId>> &links,
const std::list<int> &splineIds, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle,
TObjectHandle *objHandle, TFxHandle *fxHandle, bool doUndo) {
if (doUndo) TUndoManager::manager()->beginBlock();
QVector<int> columnIndexes;
QVector<int> pegbarIndexes;
QVector<int> cameraIndexes;
std::vector<TStageObjectId>::const_iterator it2;
for (it2 = objIds.begin(); it2 != objIds.end(); it2++) {
if (it2->isColumn()) columnIndexes.append(it2->getIndex());
if (it2->isPegbar()) pegbarIndexes.append(it2->getIndex());
if (it2->isCamera()) cameraIndexes.append(it2->getIndex());
}
if (!columnIndexes.isEmpty()) {
std::sort(columnIndexes.begin(), columnIndexes.end());
}
if (!pegbarIndexes.isEmpty()) {
std::sort(pegbarIndexes.begin(), pegbarIndexes.end());
}
if (!cameraIndexes.isEmpty()) {
std::sort(cameraIndexes.begin(), cameraIndexes.end());
}
// remove all selected objects
removeColumns(columnIndexes, xshHandle, objHandle, fxHandle, doUndo);
int i;
for (i = pegbarIndexes.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
removeStageObjectNode(TStageObjectId::PegbarId(pegbarIndexes[i]), xshHandle,
objHandle, fxHandle, doUndo);
for (i = cameraIndexes.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
removeStageObjectNode(TStageObjectId::CameraId(cameraIndexes[i]), xshHandle,
objHandle, fxHandle, doUndo);
std::list<QPair<TStageObjectId, TStageObjectId>>::const_iterator it1;
for (it1 = links.begin(); it1 != links.end() && objIds.empty(); it1++)
removeLink(*it1, xshHandle, objHandle, doUndo);
std::list<int>::const_iterator it3;
TStageObjectTree *objTree = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
for (it3 = splineIds.begin(); it3 != splineIds.end(); it3++) {
int splineCount = objTree->getSplineCount();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < splineCount; i++) {
TStageObjectSpline *spline = objTree->getSpline(i);
if (spline->getId() == *it3) {
removeSpline(spline, xshHandle, objHandle, doUndo);
break;
}
}
}
if (doUndo) TUndoManager::manager()->endBlock();
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
//===================================================================
//
// group
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::group(const QList<TStageObjectId> ids,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TStageObjectTree *pegTree = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
int groupId = pegTree->getNewGroupId();
int i;
QList<int> positions;
for (i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *obj = pegTree->getStageObject(ids[i], false);
if (obj) {
int position = obj->setGroupId(groupId);
obj->setGroupName(L"Group " + std::to_wstring(groupId));
positions.append(position);
}
}
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new UndoGroup(ids, groupId, positions, xshHandle));
}
//===================================================================
//
// ungroup
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::ungroup(int groupId, TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TStageObjectTree *objTree = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
if (!objTree) return;
QList<TStageObject *> objs;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < objTree->getStageObjectCount(); i++) {
TStageObject *obj = objTree->getStageObject(i);
if (!obj) continue;
if (obj->getGroupId() == groupId) objs.push_back(obj);
}
QList<int> positions;
UndoUngroup *undo = new UndoUngroup(objs, xshHandle);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(undo);
for (i = 0; i < objs.size(); i++) {
TStageObject *obj = objs[i];
if (obj) {
obj->removeGroupName();
int position = obj->removeGroupId();
positions.append(position);
}
}
undo->setStackPositions(positions);
}
//===================================================================
//
// renameGroup
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::renameGroup(const QList<TStageObject *> objs,
const std::wstring &name, bool fromEditor,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
std::wstring oldName;
TStageObjectTree *pegTree = xshHandle->getXsheet()->getStageObjectTree();
QList<int> positions;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < objs.size(); i++) {
if (i == 0) oldName = objs[i]->getGroupName(fromEditor);
int position = objs[i]->removeGroupName(fromEditor);
objs[i]->setGroupName(name, position);
positions.push_back(position);
}
TUndoManager::manager()->add(
new UndoRenameGroup(objs, positions, name, oldName, xshHandle));
}
//===================================================================
//
// renameGroup
//
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::duplicateObject(const QList<TStageObjectId> ids,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
TXsheet *xsh = xshHandle->getXsheet();
TStageObjectTree *objTree = xsh->getStageObjectTree();
int i, objCount = ids.size();
for (i = 0; i < objCount; i++) {
TStageObjectId id = ids[i];
TStageObject *obj = objTree->getStageObject(id, false);
assert(obj);
TStageObject *duplicatedObj = 0;
if (id.isPegbar() || id.isCamera()) {
int index = 0;
TStageObjectId newId;
for (;;) {
newId = id.isPegbar() ? TStageObjectId::PegbarId(index)
: TStageObjectId::CameraId(index);
if (objTree->getStageObject(newId, false)) {
index++;
continue;
}
break;
}
duplicatedObj = xsh->getStageObject(newId);
TStageObjectParams *params = obj->getParams();
duplicatedObj->assignParams(params);
delete params;
if (id.isCamera()) *(duplicatedObj->getCamera()) = *(obj->getCamera());
}
}
xshHandle->notifyXsheetChanged();
}
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::enableSplineAim(TStageObject *obj, int state,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
UndoStatusChange *undo = new UndoStatusChange(obj, xshHandle);
obj->enableAim(state != 2);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(undo);
}
//your_sha256_hash---
void TStageObjectCmd::enableSplineUppk(TStageObject *obj, bool toggled,
TXsheetHandle *xshHandle) {
UndoStatusChange *undo = new UndoStatusChange(obj, xshHandle);
obj->enableUppk(toggled);
TUndoManager::manager()->add(undo);
}
``` |
Virginia Mariani Campolieti (born 4 December 1869, d. 1941) was an Italian pianist, orchestra conductor and composer. She was born in Genoa, Italy, and studied piano at the Liceo Musicale Rossini in Pesaro with Mario Vitale and Luigi Torchi, graduating in 1892. She conducted some of her opera performances. She composed Dal sogno alla vita, opera.
Works
Campolieti composed vocal music and one opera. Selected works include:
33 Canzoncine per Bambini, Vol. 3
Apotheosis di Rossini, cantata for solo soprano, chorus, organ and orchestra
References
Italian women classical composers
Italian women pianists
1869 births
1941 deaths
Italian classical composers
Musicians from Genoa
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century Italian women
20th-century Italian conductors (music)
Italian women conductors (music)
Women classical pianists
20th-century women composers
20th-century women pianists |
Charles Raymond Cameron (June 25, 1875 – 1946) was a member of the United States Foreign Service in Latin America and Southeast Asia for over 40 years during the early 20th century.
Biography
Charles Raymond Cameron was born in York, New York to John and Catherine McDougall Cameron. He graduated from Cornell University in 1898. He died in 1946 at Tucson, Arizona and is buried at the Mumford Rural Cemetery in Monroe County, New York.
Career
After graduation from Cornell University in 1898, Cameron accepted a teaching position at Zamboanga, in the Philippines, newly acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War. He soon advanced to Superintendent of Schools, and then to Acting Secretary of the provincial government of the Philippine Islands. He accepted a commission as an army captain in the Aviation Section, Signal Officers Reserve Corps in Washington, D.C. during World War I. After his military service, he joined the United States Foreign Service, receiving recommendations from military leaders, including General John J. Pershing, a friend. Cameron went on to serve with the Foreign Service as U.S. Consul in Tacna, Peru from 1919 to 1920; Pernambuco, Brazil from 1920 to 1923; Tokyo, 1923–1925; and São Paulo, Brazil from 1927 to 1929. He was U.S. Consul General in São Paulo, 1930–1933; Havana, 1934–35; and finally Tokyo in 1938 before his retirement in 1941.
References
1875 births
1946 deaths
Cornell University alumni
American diplomats |
Antebellum, Latin for "before war", may refer to:
United States history
Antebellum South, the pre-American Civil War period in the Southern US
Antebellum Georgia
Antebellum South Carolina
Antebellum Virginia
Antebellum architecture
Other uses
Antebellum (film), a 2020 American film
Lady Antebellum, former name of American country music group Lady A
"Antebellum", a song by The Human Abstract, from the album Digital Veil, 2011
See also
History of the Southern United States
History of the United States (1789–1849)
History of the United States (1849–1865)
Status quo ante bellum, a Latin phrase meaning "the status before the war"
Bellum (disambiguation) |
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