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The 2005–06 season was Recreativo de Huelva's 117th season in existence and the club's third consecutive season in the second division of Spanish football. In addition to the domestic league, Recreativo de Huelva participated in this season's edition of the Copa del Rey. The season covered the period from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006. The club won the league for the first time ever and thus promoted to the La Liga.
Players
Current squad
Transfers
In
Out
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overview
Segunda División
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
Copa del Rey
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References
Recreativo de Huelva seasons
Recreativo de Huelva |
Svetloye Ozero may refer to:
Svetloye Ozero, Zainsky District, Republic of Tatarstan, a village (selo) in Zainsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
Svetloye Ozero, Nurlatsky District, Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Nurlatsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
Ozero Svetloye (Russian Swan Lake) (also known as "Svetloe Lake"), a lake on Altai Krai region (Russia), south of Urozhaynoye, best known as winter non-frozen lake with Whooper swan presence (see :commons:Category:Lake Svetloye (Altai Krai)). |
The highly diverse and distinctive music of Madagascar has been shaped by the musical traditions of Southeast Asia, Africa, Oceania, Arabia, England, France and the United States over time as indigenous people, immigrants, and colonists have made the island their home. Traditional instruments reflect these widespread origins: the and owe their existence to the introduction of the guitar by early Arab or European seafarers, the ubiquitous originated in mainland Africa and the —the bamboo tube zither considered the national instrument of Madagascar—directly evolved from an earlier form of zither carried with the first Austronesian settlers on their outrigger canoes.
Malagasy music can be roughly divided into three categories: traditional, contemporary and popular music. Traditional musical styles vary by region and reflect local ethnographic history. For instance, in the Highlands, the and more subdued vocal styles are emblematic of the Merina, the predominantly Austronesian ethnic group that has inhabited the area since at least the 15th century, whereas among the southern Bara people, who trace their ancestry back to the African mainland, their a cappella vocal traditions bear close resemblance to the polyharmonic singing style common to South Africa. Foreign instruments such as the acoustic guitar and piano have been adapted locally to create uniquely Malagasy forms of music. Contemporary Malagasy musical styles such as the or have evolved from traditional styles modernized by the incorporation of electric guitar, bass, drums and synthesizer. Many Western styles of popular music, including rock, gospel, jazz, reggae, hip-hop and folk rock, have also gained in popularity in Madagascar over the later half of the 20th century.
Music in Madagascar has served a variety of sacred and secular functions. In addition to its performance for entertainment or personal creative expression, music has played a key part in spiritual ceremonies, cultural events and historic and contemporary political functions. By the late 19th century, certain instruments and types of music became primarily associated with specific castes or ethnic groups, although these divisions have always been fluid and are continually evolving.
Traditional music
Malagasy music is highly melodic and distinguishes itself from many traditions of mainland Africa by the predominance of chordophone relative to percussion instruments. Musical instruments and vocal styles found in Madagascar represent a blend of widespread commonalities and highly localized traditions. A common vocal style among the Merina and Betsileo of the Highlands, for instance, does not preclude differences in the prevalence of particular instrument types (the among the Merina, and the and among the Betsileo). Similarly, the practice of (entering a trance state, typically induced by music) is present on both the western and eastern coasts of the island but the vocal styles or instruments used in the ceremony will vary regionally. Music in Madagascar tends toward major keys and diatonic scales, although coastal music makes frequent use of minor keys, most likely due to early Arab influences at coastal ports of call. Malagasy music has served a wide range of social, spiritual and mundane functions across the centuries.
Vocal traditions
Vocal traditions in Madagascar are most often polyharmonic; southern vocal styles bear strong resemblance to South African singing (as exemplified by groups such as Salala or Senge), whereas Highland harmonies, strongly influenced in the past two hundred years by European church music, are more reminiscent of Hawaiian or other Polynesian vocal traditions. In the Highlands, and particularly in the 19th century, vocal performance by large groups called was favored, while in the south and western coastal regions singing was performed with more elaborate ornamentation and in small groups. Musical performance in Madagascar has often been associated with spiritual functions. Music is a key component in achieving a trance state in (or ) spiritual rituals practiced in several regions of the island, as it is believed that each spirit has a different preferred piece of music. The association between music and ancestors is so strong on the eastern coast that some musicians will put rum, cigarettes or other valued objects inside an instrument (through the tone hole, for instance) as an offering to the spirits to receive their blessings. Similarly, music has long been central to the ceremony (periodic reburial of ancestors' shroud-wrapped mortal remains).
Musical instruments
Instruments in Madagascar were brought to the island by successive waves of settlers from across the Old World. Over 1500 years ago, the earliest settlers from Indonesia brought the oldest and most emblematic instruments, including the tube zither () which evolved into a box form () distinct to the island. Later settlers from the Arabian peninsula and the eastern coast of Africa contributed early lutes, whistles and other instruments that were incorporated into local musical traditions by the mid-16th century. The influence of instruments and musical styles from France and Great Britain began to have a significant impact on music in Madagascar by the 19th century.
Chordophones
The most emblematic instrument of Madagascar, the , is a bamboo tube zither very similar in form to those used traditionally in Indonesia and the Philippines. The is considered the national instrument of Madagascar. It is typically tuned to a diatonic mode to produce complex music based on harmonic, parallel thirds accompanied by a melodic bass line. The strings are traditionally cut and raised from the fibrous surface of the bamboo tube itself, although a contemporary form also exists that instead uses bicycle brake cables for strings to give the instrument a punchier sound.
Strings may be plucked with the fingernails, which are allowed to grow longer for this purpose. The instrument was originally used for rituals and for creative artistic expression alike. However, beginning in the mid-19th century, playing the instrument became the prerogative of the Merina aristocracy to such an extent that possessing long fingernails became symbolic of nobility. While the tubular is the most emblematic form of the instrument most likely due to its popularization by the 19th century Merina aristocracy, other forms of the instrument exist across the island. In the region around the eastern port city of Toamasina, for instance, used in ceremonies may take a rectangular box form called . While some regions construct their from wood, near Toamasina the box is constructed of metal sheeting with much thicker and heavier strings that produce a different sound from the bamboo and bicycle cable of the Highlands.
The (or ) is a four to six-stringed simple guitar common in the southern Highlands moving toward the east, particularly among the Betsimisaraka and Betsileo ethnic groups. The soundbox, which is typically square or rectangular today, was originally circular in form, first made from a tortoise shell and later from wood carved into a rounded shape. and are the Antandroy names of a popular Southern chordophone similar to the but with nylon fishing line for strings and five or seven movable frets that facilitate modification of the instrument's tuning.
The is a chordophone that traditionally has two sisal strings, three frets and a calabash resonator, although modern versions may have as many as eleven or thirteen strings, typically made of steel. A maximum of four of these are strung over the frets, while the rest are strung lengthwise down the sides of the neck and are strummed with the fingers in accompaniment to the primary melody which is played with a bow. This more elaborate is especially popular among the Betsileo of the southern Highlands and the Betsimisaraka of the southeast, who play it in accompaniment to their sung epic poems, called . In 19th-century Highlands society under the Kingdom of Imerina, the was considered to be a slave instrument which only mature men were permitted to play. The , an evolved with the sound box carved to resemble a three-stringed fiddle, is popular among the Southern Antandroy and Bara ethnic groups. The simplest form of instrument in this family is the (musical bow), believed to have been brought to Madagascar by settlers from mainland Africa.
The piano was introduced to the royal Merina court in the early 19th century by envoys of the London Missionary Society, and soon afterward, local musicians began creating their own compositions for piano based on technique. Piano compositions reached their peak with the style in the 1920s and 1930s before declining in the 1940s. Today, the compositions of this period by pianist theatrical composers like Andrianary Ratianarivo (1895–1949) and Naka Rabemananatsoa (1892–1952) form part of the canon of classical Malagasy music and feature in the repertoire of Malagasy students of piano.
When the modern acoustic guitar was first popularized in Madagascar, it was adopted by the lower classes who were inspired by the piano style but for whom the purchase of a costly piano was out of reach. Early guitarists adapted the piano style (itself based on style) to this novel stringed instrument to create a genre that came to be known as . Soon afterward, the guitar was widely disseminated throughout the island, producing an explosion of regionally distinctive Malagasy guitar styles inspired by the music played on local traditional instruments. Finger picking is the favored technique and guitarists frequently experiment with original tunings to obtain the desired range. One of the most common tunings drops the sixth string from E to C and the fifth string from A to G, thereby enabling the guitarist to capture a range approximating that of a vocal choir. The Malagasy acoustic guitar style has been internationally promoted by such artists as Erick Manana and pioneering Bara artist Ernest Randrianasolo (better known by his stage name D'Gary), who blends the rhythms of with innovative open tunings to approximate the sounds of the , and .
Aerophones
The , an end-blown flute, is believed to be one of the oldest instruments on the island. There exists the more common and well-known short , about a foot long with six finger holes and one for the thumb, and another similar end-blown flute over two feet long with three holes at the far end. Both are open-ended and are played by blowing diagonally across the near opening. The master of performance, Rakoto Frah, was featured on the 1000 Malagasy franc (200 ariary) banknote after independence in 1960 and his death on 29 September 2001 prompted national mourning.
The conch shell ( or ) is a similarly ancient instrument believed to have been brought over by early Indonesian settlers. Mainly played by men, it features a lateral blow hole in the Polynesian style and is typically reserved for ritual or spiritual uses rather than to create music for entertainment. The antsiva has also been recorded to have been used as part of Merina royal regalia. The fipple flute is a simple aerophone brought to Madagascar after 1000 CE by immigrants from Africa.
The two-octave diatonic accordion (), popular across Madagascar, is believed to have been imported by French colonists after 1896. In the 20th century, the instrument was commonly performed during spirit possession ceremonies in a style called . In the 1970s, the was incorporated for the performance of electrified music. This accordion style was also integrated into the performance of , while also inspiring the style used by the guitarists in these bands. Although today the sound of the accordion is most often replicated by a synthesizer in or bands due to the expense and rarity of the instrument, accordions continue to hold a privileged place in the performance of ceremonial music. Artists like half-brothers Lego and Rossy have gained success as accordion players. Régis Gizavo brought the contemporary style of to the world music scene, winning several international awards for his accordion performance.
A variety of European aerophones were introduced in the 19th century under the Merina monarchy. These most notably include bugles () and clarinets (), and less frequently the trombone or oboe (). Their use today is largely restricted to the Highlands and the or bands that perform at (reburials), circumcisions and other traditional celebrations. Metal and wood harmonicas are also played.
Membranophones
Various types of membranophones, traditionally associated with solemn occasions, are found throughout the island. In the Highlands, European bass drums () and snare drums introduced in the 19th century have replaced an earlier drum () traditionally beat to accentuate the discourse of a speaker during a or other formal occasions where the oratory art of is practiced. Only men can play the , while women and men may both play the smaller drum. The ("male wood") drum produces the deepest sound and is reserved for the most significant occasions such as , circumcision ceremonies and the ancient festival of the royal bath.
Idiophones
Bamboo shakers () filled with seeds are integral to the performance of on the eastern coast of the island, although modern items such as empty insecticide tins or sweetened condensed milk cans filled with pebbles increasingly take the place of traditional bamboo. Shakers of this sort are used throughout Madagascar, commonly in conjunction with and other ceremonies. During the slave trade era, another idiophone—a scraper called the —was popularized in Madagascar after being imported there from Brazil where it is known as a caracacha.
Early forms of xylophone such as the are found throughout the island and are believed to have come across with the original Indonesian settlers. The earliest of these is played uniquely by a pair of women, one of whom sits with her legs outstretched together and the bars of the xylophone resting across her legs rather than on a separate resonator box. Each woman strikes the with a pair of sticks, one keeping the beat while the second plays a melody. The xylophone bars range from five to seven in number and are made of differing lengths of a rot-resistant wood called . A similar xylophone called is still played in the southwest among the Vezo and Bara ethnic groups.
Contemporary music
Contemporary music comprises modern-day compositions that have their roots in traditional musical styles and have been created for entertainment purposes, typically with the intent of eventual mass dissemination via cassette, compact disc, radio or internet. Modern forms of Malagasy music may incorporate such innovations as amplified or imported instruments (particularly electric guitar, bass guitar, synthesizer and drum kit), blend the sounds of new and traditional instruments or use traditional instruments in innovative ways. As contemporary artists adapt their musical heritage to today's market, they manage to preserve the melodic, chordophone-dominated sound that distinguishes traditional Malagasy music from the more percussion-heavy traditions of mainland Africa.
African genres like Coupé-décalé and Afrobeats
heavily influence modern malagasy popular music.
Highlands
In the 1950s and 1960s, a variety of bands in the Highlands (in the area between and around Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa) were performing covers of European and American hits or adapting mainland African tunes for local audiences. Madagascar got its first supergroup in the 1970s with Mahaleo, whose members blended traditional Malagasy sounds with soft rock to enormous and enduring success. Rossy emerged as a superstar shortly afterward, adapting the instrumentation, rhythms and vocal styles of the to create a distinctly Malagasy radio-friendly sound. His open and enthusiastic support for then-President Didier Ratsiraka assured his band regular performances in association with Presidential functions, and his band came to define the Ratsiraka epoch for many.
Other important contemporary musicians from the Highlands include Justin Vali and Sylvestre Randafison, both virtuosos; Rakoto Frah, who could play two simultaneously; Solo Miral, featuring guitar played in the style of a ; Tarika, a Malagasy fusion band based in England; Olombelona Ricky, a highly accomplished solo vocalist, and Samoëla, a roots artist whose blunt social and political critiques propelled his group to popularity.
Coastal styles
Distinct contemporary forms of music, rooted in local musical traditions, have emerged in the coastal regions since the 1960s. Chief among these are two up-tempo dance music styles that have become especially popular across Madagascar and have achieved crossover success: , a style that originated in the northwest around Mahajanga and Antsiranana, and , a style centered in the southwest between Toliara and Betroka. Other key coastal styles include of Diego-Suarez and the northeast coast as popularized by Mika sy Davis, of Morondava and the southwestern interior, of the southern Anosy region performed by such groups as Rabaza, of the northeast as popularized by Jerry Marcoss, the southern polyharmonic tradition performed by bands like Senge and Terakaly, and and music from neighboring Reunion Island and Mauritius.
is funky, energetic dance music dominated by ringing electric guitars, accordion (real or synthesized), and call-and-response polyphonic vocals, with heavy electric bass and a driving percussion. The percussion section might include a drum kit, djembe, and shakers.
is an electrified version of the traditional musical style that Tandroy singer Mama Sana used to perform at Betsimisaraka and Tsimihety rituals.
In addition to their commonalities in tempo, vocal style, and tendency toward minor keys (which some attribute to an Arab influence, and which stands in contrast to the major key dominance of Highland music), the shares the 's structure in that it always features a middle section called the ("broken") which is primarily instrumental—voice serves only to urge on more energetic dancing—and during which the vocalists (and the audience) will launch into intricate polyrhythmic hand-clapping to the beat of the music.
The major exponents of modern were Jaojoby and Mily Clément. Among the later artists are Ninie Doniah, Wawa, Vaiavy Chila, and Dr. J.B. and the Jaguars.
Like , is energetic dance music that originated from the traditional music of the southwestern region around Toliara and that has recently been adapted to contemporary instruments such as electric guitar, bass guitar and drum kit. Generally even more rapid than the , this form of music features a guitar performance style inspired by traditional compositions, but the influence of South African township music is evident in both the guitars and polyharmonic vocals, often performed by female singers who repeat variations on a short refrain throughout the song. music is performed at all manner of ceremonial occasion in the South, whether a birthday celebration, community party, or funeral. While had risen to national popularity by the mid-1980s (some would argue the 1970s), only truly began to garner a similar level of widespread appreciation by the mid-1990s. It was not until the 2000 release of the "Tulear Never Sleeps" compilation album that the genre achieved international exposure on a major label. This compilation, however, showcases "traditional" , such as might have more commonly been performed in rural villages twenty years ago, rather than the amplified, synthesized and remixed style in heavy rotation on radio stations performed by national stars like Tearano, Terakaly, Jarifa, and Mamy Gotso.
There are many more regional styles of contemporary music that have yet to achieve the level of national recognition attained by and just as there are many nationally and internationally acclaimed musicians who draw upon the musical traditions of the coastal regions in their compositions. Of note are Hazolahy (a largely acoustic roots band from the Southeast that plays ), D'Gary (an acclaimed acoustic guitarist from the inland South near Betroka), and Toto Mwandjani (who popularized Congolese ndombolo-style guitar, and whose band performs a fusion of Central/East African and Malagasy dance styles).
Popular music
A wide range of foreign music styles have been popularized in Madagascar, including French performed by artists such as Poopy, reggae, gospel music, and pop rock performed by bands such as Green and AmbondronA. Since mid-2010s malagasy popular music has been a blend of malagasy music, tropical music (Zouk) and African genres like Coupé décalé and Afrobeats. Artists of this new wave of malagasy music include Black Nadia, Vaiavy Chila, LIANAH and BIG MJ. Jazz has been popularized by artists such as Nicolas Vatomanga. Malagasy hip hop broke into the mainstream in the mid-nineties and has since skyrocketed to popularity through artists such as Da Hopp and 18,3. More recently bands like Oladad are experimenting with the fusion of hip-hop and traditional Malagasy musical styles and instruments. There is also a small metal scene with bands like Sasamaso being the most prominent.Dancehall has gained popularity in Madagascar since late 2010s with artists like Mad Max and Basta Lion.
Performance of Malagasy music
Music has long served a variety of secular and sacred purposes in Madagascar. Song may accompany daily tasks, provide entertainment, preserve history or communicate social and political messages. Music is likewise integral to the experience of spiritual ritual among many ethnic and religious groups on the island.
Secular performance
Among some ethnic groups music would help advance a repetitive or arduous task. Geo Shaw, a missionary to Madagascar in the 19th century, described observing Betsileo and Merina serfs singing in the rice fields, "timing the music to the movements of their bodies, so that at each accented note they plant a stalk." Similarly, songs may accompany the paddling of dugout canoes on long journeys. Music may also accompany another form of entertainment, such as songs chanted by female spectators at matches of , a traditional form of full-body wrestling popular in coastal regions.
The preservation of oral history may be achieved through musical performance in Madagascar. Among the Betsileo, for instance, oral histories are retold through a form of musical performance called the , which in its current form may represent a combination of the original, single-verse and an epic poem called the . The Betsileo is performed by two men who each play a while singing very loudly with a strained pitch in the soprano range. The structure of the song is complex and, unlike other Malagasy musical styles, parallel thirds are not predominant in the harmony. Other Southern ethnic groups also perform simplified variations of the featuring for example a solo musician who strums rather than fiddles his accompanying instrument and sings at a lower, more natural pitch. While the Betsileo can address diverse themes, those performed by other southern groups are almost always praise songs recalling a favorably memorable event.
Endogenous musical styles may also serve as a form of artistic expression, as in the highly syncopated genre of Imerina. The emerged in conjunction with the French introduction of operetta and the subsequent rise of Malagasy theater at the Theatre Municipale d'Isotry beginning in the late 1910s. The vocal style used in is characterized by female use of , a vocal ornamentation delivered in a nasal tone, offset by the (tenor) and rapid-moving (baritone) line sung by the men. inspired the musical duet style , popularized in Imerina during the final two decades of the colonial period, in which the vocal sensibilities are applied to love themes and accompanied by a syncopated composition for piano or occasionally guitar.
Musical performance in the Highlands took on a distinctly political and educative role through the (: song; : Malagasy). The is a day-long spectacle of music, dance, and a stylized form of traditional oratory known as performed by a troupe or as a competition between two or more troupes. While the origins of the are uncertain, oral history attributes its modern form to 18th century Merina king Andrianampoinimerina, who reportedly employed musicians to gather the public together for royal speeches and announcements () and to entertain them as they labored on public works projects such as building dikes to irrigate the rice paddies surrounding Antananarivo. Over time, these musicians formed independent troupes who used and continue to use the non-threatening performance format to explore sensitive social and political themes in the public arena.
The troupes of today are remnants of a tradition of court musicians that persisted through the end of the 19th century. Under Queen Ranavalona III, the final monarch in the Merina dynasty, there were three official groups of state musicians: one for the queen, one for her prime minister, and another for the city of Antananarivo. The queen's troupe consisted of over 300 musicians. Until slavery was abolished, musicians in these groups were members of the slave class () directed by a (free Merina). Each year at Christmas, the directors of each group would arrange a performance before the queen of a new original composition; the queen would select a winner among the three. While court musicians (and therefore the earliest troupes) originally performed using traditional instruments – namely the , and drums - over the course of the 19th century the increasing European influence led court musicians and troupes alike to make increasing use of foreign instruments such as violins, clarinets, trombones and trumpets. The tradition of the court musician died out with the abolition of the monarchy in Madagascar after French colonization, but the tradition has continued to thrive.
Musical styles from abroad have been merged with pre-existing Malagasy musical traditions to create distinctly Malagasy sounds with foreign roots. An example of this is the , a tune based on the French quadrille that was popularized in the Malagasy court in the 19th century. A specific form of partner dance accompanies this piece, in which dancers will form a long chain of male-female pairs with the woman at the front of each pair, both facing forward holding each other's hands while advancing to the rhythm of the music. From its origins as a courtly dance, the today is a quintessentially Malagasy tradition performed at the beginning of a social event or concert to kick off the festivities.
Sacred performance
Music is a common element of spiritual ritual and ceremonies throughout the island. For instance, members of troupes are traditionally invited to perform at the reburial ceremonies of central Madagascar. In coastal regions, music is crucial to helping a medium enter a trance state during a ritual. While in a trance, the medium is possessed by an ancestral spirit. Each spirit is believed to prefer a particular tune or style of music and will not enter the medium unless the suitable piece of music is performed at the ceremony.
British missionaries of the London Missionary Society (LMS) arrived in Antananarivo in 1820 during the reign of King Radama I. The subsequent spread of Christianity in Madagascar was coupled with the introduction of solfège as missionaries developed Malagasy-language hymns for their nascent church. The first wave of missionaries was obliged to depart Madagascar under Ranavalona I in 1836, but the hymns they developed became anthems for early Malagasy converts persecuted under the Queen's traditionalist policies. In 1871, an LMS missionary (J. Richardson) improved the rhythm and harmony of these original hymns, which were considerably influenced by European musical styles such as quadrilles and waltzes. Originally, church music was performed by slaves seated in groups of four to five at the front of the church. By the 1870s a more European congregational style had been adopted with all members of the church rising to their feet to sing together.
See also
Andy Razaf, (1895–1973), US composer, lyricist & poet of Malagasy descent
Taralila, a Malagasy style of concertina
References
External links
Virtual visit: The Museum of Art and Archaeology of the University of Antananarivo (Madagascar). Image and sound gallery of Malagasy instruments. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
Audio clips: Traditional Malagasy music performed at the Paris Exposition of 1931. National Library of France. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
Audio clips: Traditional Malagasy music. Musée de l'Ethnographie de Genève.'' Accessed 29 November 2010.
Audio clip (60 minutes): "Valiha and the Music of the Spirit House." BBC Radio 3. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
Audio clip (60 minutes): "Hira Gasy and Court Music." BBC Radio 3. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
Audio clip (60 minutes): "Justin Vali." BBC Radio 3. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
Audio clips: Contemporary Malagasy music. National Museum of African Art (Smithsonian Institution). Retrieved 29 November 2010.
Database: Virtual Archive of Malagasy Music. Accessed 29 November 2010.
MP3 Streaming: Free MP3 of Malagasy Music.
Fandaharana Baobab: Radio Shows with Malagasy Music in RealAudio Stream
Malagasy music |
| tries = {{#expr:
+ 5 + 3 + 1 + 3
+ 3 + 4 + 3 + 2
+ 4 + 0 + 2 + 5
}}
| top point scorer = Caleb Muntz (22)
| top try scorer = Waisea Nayacalevu Frank Lomani Tevita Ikanivere Amato Fakatava (2)
| champions =
| count = 6
| runner-up =
| website = World Rugby
| previous year = 2022
| previous tournament = 2022 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup
| next year = 2024
| next tournament = 2024 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup
}}
The 2023 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup was the sixteenth edition of the Pacific Nations Cup annual international rugby union competition.
Four teams competed, with Fiji, Samoa and Tonga returning, whilst Japan is reinstated for the first time since 2019, as the four nations use the tournament as preparation ahead of the 2023 Rugby World Cup.
Fiji won the title, their sixth time, and won it for the first time since 2018.
Standings
Fixtures
Round 1
Notes:
Te Ahiwaru Cirikidaveta, Caleb Muntz, Selestino Ravutaumada, Lekima Tagitagivalu (all Fiji) and Patrick Pellegrini (Tonga) made their international debuts.
Notes:
Amato Fakatava, Shota Fukui, Jone Naikabula, Tomoki Osada (all Japan), So'otala Fa'aso'o, Christian Leali'ifano, Charlie Faumuina, Miracle Faiʻilagi and Martini Talapusi (all Samoa) made their international debuts.
This was Samoa's first win over Japan since their 27–26 win in 2012.
Round 2
Notes:
Sama Malolo and Steve Luatua (both Samoa) and Meli Derenalagi, Ilaisa Droasese Iosefo Masi, Vilive Miramira and Joseva Tamani (all Fiji) made their international debuts.
Notes:
Sonatane Takulua (Tonga) became the first Tongan to reach the milestone of 50 test caps.
Round 3
Notes:
Kotaro Matsushima (Japan) earned his 50th test cap.
This was Fiji's first win over Japan in Japan since their 25–19 victory in 2012.
Squads
Fiji
On 27 June, head coach Simon Raiwalui named a 39-player squad for the 2023 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup.
Japan
On 11 June, Japan named an extended 46-player squad ahead of the team's preparation for the 2023 Rugby World Cup.
Samoa
On 18 June 2023, the following 40 players were called up in preparation for the 2023 Rugby World Cup
Tonga
On 14 June, the following 35 players were called up for the July 2023 internationals.
See also
2023 Rugby World Cup warm-up matches
References
External links
Pacific Nations Cup web page at World Rugby
World Rugby Nations Cup
World Rugby
World Rugby
World Rugby
World Rugby
World Rugby
World Rugby
World Rugby
World Rugby
Pacific Nations Cup |
The 2005 Tro-Bro Léon was the 22nd edition of the Tro-Bro Léon cycle race and was held on 17 April 2005. The race was won by Tristan Valentin.
General classification
References
2005
2005 in road cycling
2005 in French sport
April 2005 sports events in France |
Jay Burton (born 25 October 1972) is an Australian rules footballer. He played as a ruckman and began his football career at Subiaco.
Football career
Burton was drafted by with the 77th selection in the 1991 Australian Football League (AFL) draft. He didn't play a senior AFL game, playing instead for Richmond reserves and Oakleigh Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). He returned to Subiaco to play in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) in 1994. At the end of the year he was recruited to be an inaugural squad member of the Fremantle, along with his older brother, Matthew. He only played two games for Fremantle, both of which were when his brother was out of the team. He performed well for Subiaco, however, being selected to represent Western Australia in the interstate match against Queensland, and finishing equal ninth in the 1995 Sandover Medal.
After suffering repeated dislocated knee injuries, he was delisted by Fremantle at the end of the 1995 season. However, after surgery, he was re-drafted in the 1995 national draft. He wouldn't fully recover, and wouldn't play a senior game for neither Fremantle nor Subiaco in 1996. He was again delisted by Fremantle at the end of the 1996 season. Recovering for the 1997 season, he was named captain of Subiaco, but a broken jaw and further knee injuries would restrict him to playing only four games for Subiaco in 1997.
His father, Peter, also played for and captained Subiaco, including being a member of their 1973 WANFL Premiership winning team. He was the Subiaco coach in 1979 and part of 1980. A younger brother, Travis, also played for Subiaco and was drafted by West Coast in the 1992 AFL draft, but did not play an AFL game.
References
External links
Jay Burton's WAFL statistics
Jay Burton's VFA statistics
1972 births
Living people
Fremantle Football Club players
Oakleigh Football Club players
Subiaco Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Perth, Western Australia |
The Barberini ivory is a Byzantine ivory leaf from an imperial diptych dating from Late Antiquity, now in the Louvre in Paris. It represents the emperor as triumphant victor. It is generally dated from the first half of the 6th century and is attributed to an imperial workshop in Constantinople, while the emperor is usually identified as Justinian, or possibly Anastasius I or Zeno. It is a notable historical document because it is linked to queen Brunhilda of Austrasia. On the back there is a list of names of Frankish kings, all relatives of Brunhilda, indicating her important position. Brunhilda ordered the list to be inscribed and offered it to the church as a votive image.
Although it is not a consular diptych, it shares many features of their decorative schemes. The emperor is accompanied in the main panel by a conquered barbarian in trousers at left, a crouching allegorical figure, probably representing territory conquered or reconquered, who holds his foot in thanks or submission, and an angel or victory, crowning the emperor with the traditional palm of victory (which is now lost). Although the barbarian is partly hidden by the emperor's huge spear, this does not pierce him, and he seems more astonished and over-awed than combative. Above, Christ, with a fashionable curled hair-style, is flanked by two more angels in the style of pagan victory figures; he reigns above, while the emperor represents him below on earth. In the bottom panel barbarians from West (left, in trousers) and East (right, with ivory tusks, a tiger and a small elephant) bring tribute, which includes wild animals. The figure in the left panel, representing a soldier, carries a statuette of Victory; his counterpart on the right is lost.
Design
It was originally made up of five rectangular plaques, although that on the right has been replaced (perhaps in the 16th century) by a board bearing the inscription CONSTANT. N. IMP. CONST. The plaques are fitted together by tongue and groove joints, around a larger central plaque. Overall, the piece is the only such secular object to survive in such good condition. It measures high by wide overall, with the central panel high by wide by deep. It is made from elephant ivory, sculpted and mounted with precious stones (7 pearls survive). It carries no traces of polychromy, contrary to what certain historians have supposed.
It is not certain that the Barberini ivory belonged to a diptych, that is that there was a second set of plaques forming a second leaf with another portrait, perhaps of the empress – this first leaf is already too heavy to be comfortably used as a real writing tablet, and there is not trace of a hinge that could indicate it was a bookcover.
Owners
The reverse of the object is flat and smooth, without the depression for wax which would be found on a consular diptych, which would be used as a writing tablet. Nevertheless, it is streaked with lines engraved later over older ink inscriptions – it includes a list of names (prayers for the dead), among whom can be seen the kings of Austrasia and other names, mostly Latin ones. Onomastics shows that the list comes from Auvergne and not from Provence as has been thought from the location of the object in the modern era. The inscriptions also date to the 7th century (maybe around 613) and show that the work was brought to Gaul early in its life.
The ivory's history between then and 1625 is unknown – in that year it was offered by the leading antiquary Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc to the Papal legate Cardinal Francesco Barberini in Aix-en-Provence, becoming part of the Barberini collection in Rome. Peiresc mentions it specifically in a letter to his friend Palamède de Vallavez, dated 29 October 1625:
...[the cardinal] was pleased to see an ancient ivory bas-relief which I recovered a little earlier, where is represented the emperor Heraclius on horseback, with borders bearing a cross and his son Constantine carrying a Victory and many captive provinces beneath his feet, like that of the Grand 'Camayeul' of Tiberius. I gave it to him as he left (...) he had several similar pieces in the same manner in ivory, with which [my example] would go well.
We can very probably find confirmation of it being in the Barberini collection through a mention of an ivory representing Constantine in the inventory of sculptures in the possession of Francesco Barberini between 1626 and 1631.
It was acquired by the Louvre in 1899 and has since then been in the département des objets d'art (inventory number OA 9063).
Iconography
The work combines on the one hand a classic theme of the total power of the victorious emperor, crowned by Victory, whose universal rule is synonymous with peace and prosperity, and on the other hand the theme of Christian victory brought by Christ's patronage and blessing of the emperor. It introduces a new cosmic hierarchy into the representation of the triumph of the Roman Empire and is thus a highly political work designed to serve as imperial propaganda. The quality of the workmanship allows it to be attributed to an imperial workshop in Constantinople.
Central panel
The composition is arranged around a central plaque which dominates it by its motif as much as by its stylistic quality. The sculpted motif is a triumphant figure of an emperor on a rearing horse. In his right hand the emperor holds the butt of a lance, the other end pointed towards the ground, and in his left he holds his horse's reins. Behind the lance is the figure of a barbarian, identified as such by his hair, his bushy beard and above all by his clothes - his curved cap (similar to a Phrygian cap), indicating an eastern origin, a long-sleeved tunic and baggy trousers. Symbolising a Persian or a Scythian, he may represent the peoples defeated by the emperor – as a sign of submission he touches the lance with his right hand and raises his left hand - or be "cheering", perhaps a member of an auxiliary unit. Ernst Kitzinger noted as "remarkable... the amount of lively activity with which the central relief is packed", in contrast to the static figures at the centre of most diptychs. In his interpretation "The emperor has arrived on his charger this instant, his mantle still flying in the wind. It almost appears as though he had just passed through a low city gate which had caused him to tilt his head. He pulls in his reins and makes a rapid half-turn as he rams his spear into the ground to use it as a support in dismounting. ... In all Roman art there is no more spirited portrayal of an imperial adventus."
In the lower right corner, under the horse, a woman lies on the ground. Her robe has slipped, revealing her right breast, and in her left hand she holds a fold of her robe containing fruits, symbols of prosperity. Her right hand is raised to the emperor's right foot in a gesture of submission. She personifies Earth, representing the emperor's universal domination and with the fruits symbolising the prosperity of his reign. This personification was often presented in this role on images of the triumphant emperor or the emperor in majesty, as for example on the missorium of Theodosius (with Tellus similarly represented at the bottom of the composition, under the figure of Theodosius I enthroned in majesty) and on the relief of the pietas augustorum on the arch of Galerius (where the Tetrarchs are accompanied by a series of personifications, including Gaia) These personifications of Tellus/Gaia are generally recognisable by their principal attribute of a cornucopia – this is not actually present on the ivory, but the fruit-filled fold in the woman's robe is of the same form and fulfils the same symbolic function.
Counterbalancing this first female figure, in the top right hand corner of the central panel, is a statuette of a winged Victory standing over a globe inscribed with the sign of the cross, holding a palm (symbol of victory) in her left hand and in her right hand (now broken) she almost certainly held a crown to be placed on the emperor's head. This type of statuette personification is also one of the links to the iconography of the triumphant emperor, found on several coins (e.g. the reverse of the solidus of Constantine II, right) but also in sculpture (e.g. the scene of sacrifice on the arch of Galerius) and on some consular diptychs.
The emperor has a bowl or archivolt haircut, of the sort where the fringe describes an arched circle around his face, similar to that worn by Constantine, and wears a crown studded with pearls, of which four survive. His facial features are oval in form and quite heavy, notably the eyelids and the nose, but give a cheerful character to the imperial portrait. The emperor wears the military uniform of commander in chief, the role in which he is portrayed – under his cuirass he wears a short tunic and over the cuirass a cloak (paludamentum), of which a fold flies behind him and which is held onto his shoulder by a round fibula. The fibula was originally made of precious stone, like the cuirass. He wears cross-laced boots (cothurni), ornamented with a lion's head. The horse's harness is decorated with a series of medallions dripping in inlays, now lost apart from the one in the centre of its head.
The relief of this central motif was particularly accentuated – the Victory, the lance, and to a lesser extent the heads of the emperor and of his horse are all sculpted very nearly in the round. The care taken in modelling the drapery and in the rendering of certain anatomical details, such as the muscles of the emperor's arm, may qualify it as classicising. These characteristics, added to the disproportionate scale of the figures, underline the majesty of the imperial person, recalling Theodosian art.
Side panels
The side panels are in less-elevated relief (the maximum depth of the carving on the central panel is 28 mm, whereas it is only 9 mm on the side panels), and are stylistically slightly less virtuosic than the central panel. They bear borders inscribed in a simplified zig-zag pattern, leaving room in the border around the central panel for a garland of stylised leaves with a small round hole on the middle of each side for four now-lost inlays.
The left hand panel represents a superior officer, recognisably by his military clothing and equipment, comparable to those of the emperor. Bearded, he wears a cuirass and the paludamentum, fixed to his right shoulder by a simpler fibula than that worn by the emperor. We can distinguish the scabbard of his sword fixed to his belt, worn on the left side. He advances towards the emperor and presents him with a statuette of Victory on a pedestal - she hold a crown and a palm, like the Victory on the central panel. At his feet is a bag. The man stands in an architectural scheme formed of two columns supporting Corinthian capitals and of a tessellated pattern (possibly opus sectile) evoking a room in an imperial palace.
This figure is sometimes interpreted as a consul, and the statuette of Victory and the bag (interpreted as in all probability containing gold) as consular attributes. However, the figure may also represent sparsio, the consular largesses represented on other diptychs, such as those of Clement (513) and Justin (540), with the bag of gold more broadly symbolic of war booty, proof of imperial triumph. Equally, where Caesar Gallus holds a comparable statuette of victory in his image on the Calendar of 354, he wears civil and not military clothing. The officer on the Barberini ivory is thus more likely to represent a general who took part in the victorious campaign represented by the ivory. It is natural to suppose that in the symmetrical panel on the right (now missing) showed another general in similar fashion.
There is also the possibility that this figure represents the Frankish king Clovis I, who possibly received the diptych in 508.
Bottom panel
The bottom panel forms a sort of frieze decorated by a double procession of barbarians and animals converging on a central figure of Victory. She is turned to look upwards towards the figure of the emperor on the central panel and holds in her right hand a military trophy, represented in the traditional form of a branch with military arms, armour and booty fixed to it. The defeated barbarians carry to the emperor various gifts as tribute and are differentiated by their clothes and by the wild animals who accompany them. To the left, two bearded figures are of the same type as the barbarian in the central panel, wearing short tunics, Phrygian caps and closed boots. One of them wears a crown, the other a cylindrical container with unknown contents, perhaps gold, and ahead of them walks a lion. They may be Persians or Scythians
To the right, the two barbarians are dressed very differently - nude from the waist up, they wear a fabric headdress heightened by feathers, a simple piece of fabric tied at the waist and sandals. They are accompanied by a tiger and a small elephant. The first bears an elephant's tusk on his shoulder and the second a baton of unknown function. These represent Indians.
This motif of barbarians rendering homage to the emperor is common in Roman and Byzantine bas-reliefs – here, it is the aurum coronarium, the presenting of tribute. They show the emperor's clementia and underline the symbolism of imperial victory. One of two ivory fragments attributed to an imperial diptych now in Milan also represent this motif, in a slightly earlier work. It can also be found in Constantinople, for example on the base of the column of Arcadius (in a composition comparable to that on the Barberini ivory) or on the obelisk of Theodosius in the hippodrome (shown left). On the obelisk of Theodosius ten barbarians, again divided into two groups, converge on the central figure of the emperor, in this example enthroned in majesty in an imperial box surrounded by other augusti. On the left are Persians, and on the right are indeterminate western barbarians, perhaps Germans or Goths. Victory is absent on this relief, but she is well represented on the lost base of the column of Arcadius and on the lost base traditionally attributed to the column of Constantine – in both cases Victory is in a central position, as a sort of intermediary between the defeated barbarians and the figure of the emperor, situated below.
Upper panel
The upper panel of the ivory is occupied by two angels bearing an imago clipeata, a large medallion bearing a bust of a young and beardless Christ, holding a cruciform sceptre in his left hand and making a traditional sign of benediction with his right (the ring-finger held over the thumb). The bust is framed by symbols of the sun to the left and of the moon and a star to the right. The pair of angels bearing an image of Christ here replaces the earlier image of two winged Victories bearing a personification of Constantinople to be found on the second panel of the previously-mentioned imperial diptych at Milan – the substitution is far from insignificant and implies a paradigm shift vital to the dating and understanding of the Barberini ivory. Kitzinger notes that the angel on the left echoes the emperor's turned head, and says "Christ makes his appearance in heaven at the moment in which the emperor stages his triumphal adventus on earth. It is a graphic depiction of the harmony between heavenly and earthly rule."
Identification of the emperor
The question of the identity of the emperor represented on the central panel is the central problem to have occupied commentators on the Barberini ivory – its first modern owner, Peiresc, recognised him without hesitation as Heraclius and identified the officer offering the statuette of Victory as his son Constantine III. Later identifications of the central figure have also included Constantine I, Constantius II, Zeno and above all Anastasius I or Justinian. The identification is complicated by the fact that the emperor shown is not necessarily the reigning emperor at the date when the ivory was produced. Thus the dating of the ivory is undeniably a useful indication in identifying the emperor but it is not conclusive in that regard.
Anastasius
From a stylistic point of view, the high-relief sculpture of the central panel is comparable to two other ivory panels dating to the start of the 6th century, each representing an empress – one is at the Bargello in Florence (left), the other at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. They show the empress Ariadne (?-518), wife of the emperor Zeno (430-491) and then of Anastasius I (491-518). This parallel could suggest identifying the emperor on the Barberini ivory with Anastasius.
Anastasius's reign was marked by a difficult war against the Sassanid Persians from 502 to 505, ended by a peace in 506, which restored the status quo but which could be presented in Constantinople as a triumph after initial Roman setbacks. The production of the Barberini ivory can thus be envisaged in this context, making the triumph represented the one celebrated over the Persians.
Although the figure shares characteristics with certain consuls on diptychs contemporary with Anastasius I, such as that of Anastasius (517) and above all that of Magnus (518), the emperor's portrait on the Barberini ivory bears little resemblance with known portraits of Anastasius such as the medallion on the consular diptych of Anastasius. It is in fact closer to known portraits of Constantine, which has allowed certain historians to identify him with that emperor, including Barberini himself, as a contemporary catalogue entry for it shows (see above). This interpretation also owes something to the modern inscription on the right-hand replacement panel, in which it is easy to recognise the emperor's name, or at least so long as it does not refer to Constans or Constantius II instead.
On the other hand, stylistic criteria leave no doubt that the ivory is no earlier than the end of the 5th century, with the resemblance to the imperial portrait to portraits of Constantine explained by the commissioner's explicit will to recall the image of that emperor. From this perspective, this reference back to the iconography of Constantine fits Justinian better than it does Anastasius I.
Justinian
The lower-relief style of the secondary panels, and notably the purely graphic and unplastic rendering of clothing, accommodates a later dating of the work to around the middle of the 6th century. The work's combination of high-quality reliefs evokes another famous work of ivory sculpture of this era, the Throne of Maximian at Ravenna, datable to 545-556, and another product of a top-quality workshop, perhaps even the same one, in either Constantinople or Alexandria – this would make the triumphant emperor Justinian.
The prepossessing position given in the composition to the figure of Christ blessing the emperor also suggests a Justinian date – it is comparable to a consular diptych of Justin from 540, the last known consular diptych before Justinian suppressed the consulship in 541, and the first to place images of Christ and of the imperial couple (Justinian and Theodora) in medallions below the portrait of the consul. Up until then the Christian presence on these diptychs had been limited to the symbol of the cross, like those framing the imperial portraits on the consular diptych of Clement in 513. This cross could also be shown within a crown carried by two angels, the best-known motif of the Theodosian era – besides ivories such as that at Murano, it also figures on the bas-reliefs of the column of Arcadius and the decoration of the sarcophagus of Sarigüzel. Replacing the cross within the crown with a bust of Christ on the Barberini ivory marks another step in the Christianisation of the relief form, which would also date it to later than the reign of Anastasius and corresponds well to the ideological orientation observed at the start of Justinian's reign. The Archangel ivory in London, of which only one panel survives, represents an archangel holding a sceptre and a globe topped by a cross and can be assigned to the same ideological movement. It was dated precisely to the start of Justinian's reign in 527 by D.H. Wright, after making a new translation of its Greek inscription.
The identification of the triumphant emperor with Justinian thus corresponds quite well to the imagery left behind by this emperor, which also includes equestrian statues and statues of Victory (for victories over the Persians that were heavily proclaimed in propaganda but not particularly real). A drawing by Nymphirios (a member of the entourage of Cyriac of Ancona) now in the library of the University of Budapest shows the statue which surmounted the column raised by Justinian in 543/4 in the Augustaion in Constantinople and described at length by Procopius of Caesarea in his Edifices (I, 2, 5). The emperor, mounted on a horse with one hoof raised, holds an orb surmounted by a cross in his left hand and greets the viewer with his right hand. He is crowned with a large plumed headdress or toupha. According to the epigram which was its dedicatory inscription, conserved in the Anthology of Planudes and confirmed by Procopius's account, the statue was set up so as to face east, towards the Persians, as a sign of the emperor threatening them. The connection of this statue with the triumphant emperor on the Barberini ivory is also justified in that the former was part of a sculptural group in the Augustaion which also included statues of three barbarian kings offering tribute to the emperor, as in the lower panel of the ivory.
The drawing of the statue from the Augustaion may be linked to another equestrian representation of Justinian on one of his medals, left. The medal in question is a gold one weighing 36 solidi (164g), discovered in 1751 and now lost after being stolen from the Cabinet des Médailles (now part of the BNF) in 1831, although an electrotype of it survives. On the obverse is a nimbate bust of Justinian as a general, armed with a lance, wearing a cuirass and crowned with the diadem and toupha. The inscription reads Dominus Noster Iustiniianus Perpetuus Augustus (Our Lord Justinian, Perpetual Augustus). The reverse shows Justinian, again with a nimbus, riding a richly-dressed horse whose harness recalls that of the horse on the Barberini ivory. In front of him is a Victory holding a palm and a trophy under her left arm. A star is shown on the field, the exergue inscription gives the mark CONOB (indicating a mint in Constantinople) and the legend reads Salus et Gloria Romanorum (Safety and Glory of the Romans). The portrayal of Justinian in three-quarters profile allows the medal to be dated to before 538, after which he was systematically only represented full-face (right). The particularly sumptuous celebrations at the triumph in 534 marking the reconquest of Carthage from the Vandals could have been the occasion marked by the minting of this exceptional medal.
Another equestrian statue, of which only the dedicatory inscription remains (again in the Anthology of Planudes), could be seen in the hippodrome of Constantinople. This time no drawing of the statue survives, but its location in the hippodrome (the main meeting place in Constantinople and thus the best place for exhibiting imperial propaganda images) leads us to think that it must have been one of the most famous equestrian statues of the emperor, and thus likely to be imitated in ivory and other media. The inscription certainly suggests a monumental composition which cannot fail to evoke the central motif of the Barberini ivory:
Behold, prince [and] exterminator of the Medes, the offerings brought to you by Eustathios, at the same time father and son of the Rome which you hold: a horse rearing over a Victory, a second Victory who crowns you and you yourself astride this horse, fast as the wind. Thus high has your power risen, O Justinian – and on the earth the champions of the Medes and Scythians will remain forever in chains.
The existence of these equestrian statues of Justinian at Constantinople suggests that the central theme of the Barberini ivory reprises a lost type popularised by these statues, rather than that it created a new type. At least one other example of this type survives, on a bronze weight, now held at the Byzantine and Christian Museum of Athens (right). It bears an exact copy of the central motif of the Barberini ivory, with less detail and on a highly reduced scale. Rather than the bronze being directly modelled on the ivory, it is more probable that they both derived from a single model, perhaps a lost equestrian statue in the hippodrome. This does not cast doubt on the bronze, like the diptych, being the product of an imperial workshop and an official object. However, the bronze remains a more modest copy of the model, cheaper and thus perhaps meant for a wider circulation than the ivory.
The existence of this smaller copy confirms the popularity of this type of propaganda image under the rule of Justinian and also speaks of the emperor's zeal for making and spreading these images on very different media, from the monumental figurative sculptures in full three-dimensions to reliefs, bronze miniatures and ivory panels. Justinian's reign contained many wars that ended in victory, or more often wars that could be presented propagandistically as such, thus justifying the production of this type of object.
The pre-eminent position of a barbarian traditionally identified as a Persian as well as the type's parallels with the statuary group of the Augustaion invites the viewer to consider that the creation of this image type was occasioned by the “perpetual peace” concluded with Sassanid Persia in 532, although stylistic criteria suggest a later date.
Notes
References
Marco Cristini, Eburnei nuntii: i dittici consolari e la diplomazia imperiale del VI secolo, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 68, 2019, p. 489-520.
Antony Cutler, "Barberiniana. Notes on the Making, Content, and Provenance of Louvre OA. 9063", Tesserae : Festschrift für Josef Engemann, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum, Ergänzungsband 18, 1993, p. 329-339;
Danièle Gaborit-Chopin, in Byzance, l'art byzantin dans les collections publiques françaises (catalogue of an exhibition at the Louvre, 3 November 1992 – 1 February 1993), Paris, 1993, numéro 20, p. 63-65;
A. Héron de Villefosse, « L'Ivoire de Peiresc », Mémoires de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France, 75, 1915-1918, p. 267-295;
Kitzinger, Ernst, Byzantine art in the making: main lines of stylistic development in Mediterranean art, 3rd-7th century, 1977, Faber & Faber, (US: Cambridge UP, 1977)
Jean-Pierre Sodini, "Images sculptées et propagande impériale du IVe au VIe siècle : recherches récentes sur les colonnes honorifiques et les reliefs politiques à Byzance", in A. Guillou et J. Durand, Byzance et les images, La Documentation française, Paris, 1994, p. 43-94;
Richard Delbrück, Die Consulardiptychen und verwandte Denkmäler, Berlin, 1929, numéro 48;
Wolfgang Fritz Volbach, Elfenbeinarbeiten der Spätantike und des Frühen Mittelalters, Mainz, 1952 2, numéro 48, p. 36-37.
Further reading
Weitzmann, Kurt, ed., Age of spirituality : late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century, no. 28, 1979, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, ; full text available online from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
External links
Catalogue entry on the Louvre's Atlas database
6th-century sculptures
Byzantine ivory
Greek, Etruscan and Roman antiquities in the Louvre
Ivory
Horses in art
Reliefs in France
Justinian I |
Lloyd Charles Larsen (born in Monticello, Utah) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives representing District 54 since January 8, 2013.
Elections
2012 When Republican Representative Del McOmie retired and left the District 54 seat open, Larsen won the three-way August 21, 2012 Republican Primary with 978 votes (51.5%), and won the three-way November 6, 2012 General election with 2,787 votes (55.3%) against Democratic nominee Bruce Palmer and Libertarian candidate Ryan Jones, who had sought the seat in 2010 as a Republican.
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Official page at the Wyoming Legislature
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Bertin Borna Babiliba (20 November 1930 – 15 June 2007) was a Beninese politician. He served as Minister of Finance.
He was born on 20 November 1930 in Tanguiéta and received an international education. Borna attended the Parakou Congress of 1957 and aligned himself with Hubert Maga. Borna served as vice president of the National Assembly from 1959 to 1960. He was minister of public works from 1958 to 1960. That year, he was named finance minister, a post he held until the coup in 1963. Christophe Soglo brought him back as finance minister in 1966, but his appointment led to agitations that resulted in the 1967 coup. Borna was accused of being involved in the 1975 coup attempt and was sentenced to death in absentia on 7 March 1975. Remaining in Abidjan and Lomé, Berta remained active in international trade. He became a UN director for the Sahel in 1982. After returning to Benin in 1990, Borna unsuccessfully ran for president in 1991. He did manage to be elected to the national assembly that year however. He died on 15 June 2007.
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Redonda Bay is an uninhabited locality that was the site of a cannery owned by Francis Millerd & Co., located on the northwest side of West Redonda Island in the Discovery Islands of the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada.
See also
List of canneries in British Columbia
References
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Discovery Islands
Populated places in the Strathcona Regional District |
Kerem Altiparmak is a Turkish legal professor, human rights activist, and one of the founders of the Freedom of Expression Association. He is also a member of the Ankara Bar association and is a consultant for the International Commission of Jurists.
Altiparmak previously served as director of the Human Rights Centre of Ankara University. He is a frequent contributor to human rights NGOs and has received both the Columbia Global Freedom of Expression Award in 2016 and the Franco-German Prize for Human Rights & the Rule of Law in 2017.
References
Turkish human rights activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Wolfe Kelman (November 27, 1923 – June 26, 1990) was an Austrian-born American rabbi and leader in the Conservative Judaism in the United States who never led a congregation, serving for decades as a mentor to hundreds of rabbis in his role as the executive vice president of the Rabbinical Assembly, where he also prepared the initial steps for the rabbinic ordination of women in the Conservative movement.
Early life and education
Kelman was born in 1923 in Vienna to Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kelman, the scion of a line of Hasidic rabbis originally from Poland. He moved with his family to Toronto, Ontario, Canada as a child. His mother took on the responsibilities of leading the Jewish community after the death of his father when Kelman was a 13-year-old. His mother's assumption of the leadership role was one of the factors that led Kelman to "believe women could function as rabbis". He served with the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II.
Leadership in Conservative Judaism
Upon the completion of his military service, Kelman attended the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, where he received his rabbinic ordination. Eschewing a congregation and a pulpit, and at the prompting of Dr. Louis Finkelstein and Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, he accepted a post at the Rabbinical Assembly in 1951. There he helped professionalize the Conservative rabbinate, adding educational retreats and ensuring that rabbis received compensation and benefits commensurate with their role. In the nearly four decades before his retirement in 1989, the number of Conservative rabbis quadrupled from 300 to 1,200 during a period when the Conservative movement grew together with the rise of suburban Jewish communities.
Kelman joined his mentor Rabbi Heschel during the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Throughout his career, Kelman sought to build better connections between the branches of Judaism in the United States and between its Christians and Jews, as well as improving ties to the Jews of Israel. He did advance work with Rabbi Heschel preparing him for his 1964 meeting with Pope Paul VI in Vatican City. He fought against increasing intermarriage, receiving publicity for his outspoken criticism on religious grounds of the popular television show, Bridget Loves Bernie, which showcased a happily married Jewish man and Catholic woman. He called the show "an insult to some of the most sacred values of both the Jewish and Catholic religions."
In addition to his duties with the Conservative Assembly, Kelman was the head of the U.S. division of the World Jewish Congress starting in 1986.
Death
A resident of Manhattan with an apartment on West End Avenue, Kelman died of melanoma at age 66 at the New York University Medical Center on June 26, 1990. He was survived by his wife, the former Jacqueline Levy, as well as two daughters, a son and, at that moment, six grandchildren. His son, Levi Weiman-Kelman is a reform rabbi in Jerusalem, and he founded the Progressive congregation Kol HaNeshama. His daughter Naamah Kelman-Ezrachi was the first woman to become a rabbi in Israel when she received rabbinic ordination from Rabbi Alfred Gottschalk of the Hebrew Union College, affiliated with the Reform Judaism movement.
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Château La Tour du Pin Figeac (Moueix), later Château La Tour du Pin for a brief period, is a former Bordeaux wine estate in the appellation Saint-Émilion which produced wine up until 2011. The estate was purchased by owners of neighbouring Château Cheval Blanc in 2006, who managed the estate as a separate property up until 2011. The estate in effect ceased to exist after this, being absorbed into its grander neighbour.
History
Until 1879, this property was a part of the Figeac estate, acquired to form Château La Tour Figeac, half of which was further sold and divided into two parts, this property and that of Château La Tour du Pin Figeac (Giraud-Bélivier). This estate, the smallest of the three, was bought in 1947 by Antoine Moueix, cousin of J. P. Moueix. The property remained in the hands of the Moueix family until 2006, when it was bought by the owners of Château Cheval Blanc, who adopted the name Château La Tour du Pin. The last vintage made was 2011. The best area of the vineyard (3.5ha) has been absorbed into the Château Cheval Blanc vineyard, and the remainder is currently used to make generic Saint-Émilion.
The estate was rated Grand Cru Classé in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine, but lost this status in 2006, only to have the verdict reversed in 2008. The estate did not re-apply for the 2012 classification.
Production
The vineyards extended , and was considered the more gravelly of the three La Tour properties, closer to the conditions of neighbours Figeac and Cheval Blanc.
The Grand vin was typically a blend of 70% Merlot and 30% Cabernet Franc, as was the estate's second wine, Clos La Fleur Figeac.
References
External links
La Tour du Pin Figeac official site
Bordeaux wine producers |
```html
<!doctype html>
<html>
<title>npm-install-test</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../static/style.css">
<link rel="canonical" href="path_to_url">
<script async=true src="../../static/toc.js"></script>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<h1>npm <a href="../cli/install-test.html">install-test</a></h1> <p>Install package(s) and run tests</p>
<h2 id="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<pre><code>npm install-test (with no args, in package dir)
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<tag>
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<version>
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<version range>
npm install-test <tarball file>
npm install-test <tarball url>
npm install-test <folder>
alias: npm it
common options: [--save|--save-dev|--save-optional] [--save-exact] [--dry-run]</code></pre><h2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>This command runs an <code>npm install</code> followed immediately by an <code>npm test</code>. It
takes exactly the same arguments as <code>npm install</code>.</p>
<h2 id="see-also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../cli/npm-install.html">npm-install(1)</a></li>
<li><a href="../cli/npm-test.html">npm-test(1)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 id=npmlogo>
<tr><td style="width:180px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=18> </td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td colspan=6 style="width:60px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 style="width:20px;height:30px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=4 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:20px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=2> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="width:60px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=6> </td><td colspan=10 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=5 style="width:50px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:90px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=9> </td></tr>
</table>
<p id="footer">npm-install-test — npm@6.4.1</p>
``` |
The Skinny Dip is a half-hour-long Canadian travel and adventure television series hosted by Eve Kelly, and produced by Best Boy Entertainment. The show premiered with two episodes aired together on July 9, 2008 EST on the Travel + Escape Canadian cable channel, which commissioned six new episodes, that aired in November and December 2009. All eight episodes are now available on Amazon Prime.
Premise
Host Eve Kelly travels to various destinations around the world. During each show, Eve calls upon local residents and tourists to join her in a trek to a local watering hole to skinny dip. They travel by camel, dog-sled, kayak or other mode of transport on a scenic journey, showing audiences unexplored regions of each destination. Each episode caps off with a skinny dip in a beautiful and secluded swimming hole. No frontal nudity is ever shown.
Episodes
“Corner Brook” (9 July 2008) Steady Brook Falls, Marble Mountain, Newfoundland.
“Brazil” (9 July 2008) Ubatuba mountains, São Paulo.
“Yukon” (18 Nov. 2009) icefield river polar dip, Whitehorse.
“Costa Rica” (25 Nov. 2009) Nauyaca Waterfalls, Dominical, Puntarenas.
“Australia” (2 Dec. 2009) Trephina Gorge, MacDonnell Ranges, Alice Springs.
“Bahamas” (9 Dec. 2009) Blue Hole, Hamilton, Long Island.
“British Columbia” (16 Dec. 2009) Myra Falls, Vancouver Island.
“New Zealand” (23 Dec. 2009) non-thermal falls near Waiotapu, Rotorua.
References
External links
2008 Canadian television series debuts
Canadian travel television series
Television shows filmed in Newfoundland and Labrador
Television shows filmed in São Paulo (state)
Television shows filmed in Yukon
Television shows filmed in Costa Rica
Television shows filmed in Australia
Television shows filmed in the Bahamas
Television shows filmed in British Columbia
Television shows filmed in New Zealand
2000s Canadian documentary television series |
Lottie Estelle Granger (28 January 1858 – 9 May 1934) was an American educator and school officer from the U.S. state of Ohio. She served as county superintendent of public schools of Page County, Iowa, and was the second woman elected president of the Iowa State Teachers' Association.
Early years and education
Lottie Estelle Granger born near Granville, Ohio, 28 January 1858. Her father, Sylvester Granger, was of New England descent, and her mother, Elizabeth Walrath, of German origin. Granger was the seventh child in a family of eight children. While she was yet a baby, her father removed to a town in a remote part of the county of her birth, where he engaged in the hotel business. At the age of four, she started school. At the age of seven, the family removed to the countryside. She regularly attended the district school, making rapid progress, never second in any of her classes. Through the cooperation of the president of Shepardson College, then Young Ladies' Institute (now Denison University), she was enabled to complete a classical course of study, graduating in 1880.
Career
When she had rounded her 16th birthday, she decided to try teaching. With a recommendation from her teacher, she appeared before the county board of examiners at Newark, Ohio for examination, and secured a certificate. Soon after, she was teaching her first school in the vicinity of her early childhood, near Johnstown, Ohio. For US$1 per day, she taught this school of 75 pupils for a term of three months, and after paying her board, had $42 left from the proceeds, the first money she ever earned for herself. The following winter, she spent at home and attended the district school, and for the two successive summers, taught a term of three months.
On completing her work at Granville, she landed in Kansas, where near the town of Shawnee, in “Little Blue School,” she taught for six months during the fall and winter of 1880–1. In the spring of 1881, Granger came to Iowa, and in the following September, began work as a teacher in the public schools of Shenandoah Page county. Here she remained about five years, resigning her position on 1 January 1886, to assume the official duties of County Superintendent, to which she had been nominated and elected the fall previous. In 1887, Granger was re-elected for a second term. She held the position for six years.
At the annual meeting of the Iowa State Teachers' Association, held in Des Moines in 1888, she was unanimously elected president, being the second woman -Phebe Sudlow being the first- ever chosen to fill that honorable place during the 35 years of the organization. She was also a member of the Educational Council, the senate of the teachers' association. From its organization, she served on the board of managers of the Iowa State Teachers' Reading Circle.
Granger was an active Sunday-school and temperance movement worker. She was a Chautauqua graduate, as well as an able speaker and writer. Declining a fourth term of service as county superintendent, Granger, pursued a post-graduate course of study at Chicago University. After election to office, her home was in Clarinda, Iowa. Granger died at the age of 76 and is interred in Granville.
References
Attribution
Bibliography
1858 births
1934 deaths
People from Granville, Ohio
Educators from Ohio
19th-century American educators
Denison University alumni
County officials in Iowa
School board members in Iowa
School superintendents in Iowa
19th-century American women educators
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century
American people of German descent |
Slope Mountain is a mountain in the North Slope Borough, Alaska located southwest of the confluence of the Ribdon River and the Sagavanirktok River, 14 km (8 mi) east of Imnavait Mountain.
It is located at mile post 300 on the Dalton Highway, and falls on the northern boundary of Bureau of Land Management managed land.
References
Mountains of North Slope Borough, Alaska |
The Laplace number (La), also known as the Suratman number (Su), is a dimensionless number used in the characterization of free surface fluid dynamics. It represents a ratio of surface tension to the momentum-transport (especially dissipation) inside a fluid.
It is defined as follows:
where:
σ = surface tension
ρ = density
L = length
μ = liquid viscosity
Laplace number is related to Reynolds number (Re) and Weber number (We) in the following way:
See also
Ohnesorge number - There is an inverse relationship, , between the Laplace number and the Ohnesorge number.
Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Fluid dynamics |
Celtic Arms (20 January 1991 – 1998) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse who competed successfully in both France and the United States. Bred by Georges Wegliszewski, he was out of the mare Amour Celtique, a daughter of American horse Northfields, winner of the Hawthorne and Louisiana Derbys. His sire was multiple French stakes winner, Comrade In Arms, a son of one of Britain's great runners, Brigadier Gerard.
Purchased by Jean-Louis Bouchard, Celtic Arms was trained in France by Pascal Bary. He made his racing debut as a juvenile with a third-place finish in the Prix Yacowlef at Deauville-La Touques Racecourse. Jockey Dominique Boeuf then rode him to victory in the Prix de Condé, his most important performance of 1993.
As a three-year-old, under jockey Gerald Mosse, Celtic Arms finished third in the 1994 Group One Grand Prix de Paris and won the Group One Prix Lupin at Longchamp Racecourse. Mosse was the jockey for another of the colt's Group One wins in the Prix du Jockey Club at Chantilly Racecourse. Sent to Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky for the 1994 Breeders' Cup Turf, Celtic Arms was part of one of the strongest international fields in the 1½ mile event's history. In a race run in track-record time, he was ridden by Kent Desormeaux and up against winner Tikkanen plus other notable runners such as Fraise, Hatoof, Paradise Creek, Volochine, and Raintrap. Celtic Arms was in the thick of things after a mile and a quarter but then faded from third to finish in tenth place.
After being purchased by Gary A. Tanaka, in 1995 Celtic Arms raced exclusively in the United States. Rodney Rash handled Celtic Arms's conditioning duties with his best results that year a second in the Grade I Caesars International Handicap at Monmouth Park and a third in the Grade 1 Turf Classic Invitational at Belmont Park. Making his second appearance in that year's Breeders Cup Turf, held in 1995 at Belmont Park, under jockey Gary Stevens Celtic Arms started from the far outside in post position thirteen. He was never in contention and finished tenth behind winner, Northern Spur.
In 1996, Celtic Arms won the G-1 Gulfstream Park Breeders' Cup Turf Stakes for what would turn out to be the last win for 36-year-old trainer Rodney Rash, who died from a rare blood disorder a few days later on March 1, 1996. The colt's training was then assumed by Rash's 27-year-old assistant, Ben Cecil, who won the first-ever race of his training career when Celtic Arms captured the G-2 Pan American Handicap in March.
Retired to stud duty, Celtic Arms sired several foals born in 1997 and 1998. He died in an accident in 1998.
References
Celtic Arms's pedigree and partial racing stats
1991 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in France
Racehorses trained in France
Racehorses trained in the United States
Thoroughbred family 4-i |
Love and Luck is a fictional queer love story set in Melbourne, Australia. The show is hosted by Erin Kyan and produced by Passer Vulpes Productions.
Background
The show is produced by Lee Davis-Thalbourne and Erin Kyan who describes themself as a "fat, queer, disabled, trans man". The show follows the fictional relationship of Jason and Kane through their voicemail. As the story progresses the two characters learn that they have magical abilities. The first season contained forty-eight episodes. The show stopped producing episodes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but later produced an episode about the characters experiences with the isolation imposed by the pandemic.
Cast and characters
Erin Kyan as Jason Flint
Lee Davis-Thalbourne as Kane Baxter
Nicola Rummery as Julie Baxter
DL Turnbull as Victor
Ashe Connor as Helen
Justin Jones Li as Ricardo
Tahlia Celenn as Mira
Creatrix Tiara as Storm
Oscar Sabogal as Michael
Jai Moore as CJ/Cindy
Abigail Michell as Eileen
Shelley Dunlop as Maggie
Ben Harberts as News Anchor
Gemma Mahadeo as Priya Singh
Reception
The show was one of the Emerging Writers' Festival recommendations. Peter Wells wrote in the Sydney Morning Herald that "Love and Luck is a breath of fresh air". The show was a finalist in the Australian Podcast Awards for "Best Fiction Podcast".
References
External links
Australian podcasts
LGBT-related podcasts
Transgender-related mass media
2017 podcast debuts
Audio podcasts
Scripted podcasts |
```kotlin
package net.corda.node.services.api
import net.corda.core.context.InvocationContext
import net.corda.core.flows.FlowLogic
import net.corda.core.flows.StateMachineRunId
import net.corda.core.serialization.SingletonSerializeAsToken
import net.corda.core.utilities.ProgressTracker
import java.time.Instant
/**
* Minimum event specific data for any audit event to be logged. It is expected that the underlying audit service
* will enrich this to include details of the node, so that in clustered configurations the source node can be identified.
*/
sealed class AuditEvent {
/**
* The UTC time point at which the audit event happened.
*/
abstract val timestamp: Instant
/**
* The invocation context at the time the event was generated.
*/
abstract val context: InvocationContext
/**
* A human readable description of audit event including any permission check results.
*/
abstract val description: String
/**
* Further tagged details that should be recorded along with the common data of the audit event.
* Examples of this might be trade identifiers, system error codes, or source IP addresses, which could be useful
* when searching the historic audit data for trails of evidence.
*/
abstract val contextData: Map<String, String>
}
/**
* Sealed data class to mark system related events as a distinct category.
*/
data class SystemAuditEvent(override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>) : AuditEvent()
/**
* Interface to mandate flow identification properties
*/
interface FlowAuditInfo {
/**
* The concrete type of FlowLogic being referenced.
* TODO This should be replaced with the fully versioned name/signature of the flow.
*/
val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>
/**
* The stable identifier of the flow as stored with Checkpoints.
*/
val flowId: StateMachineRunId
}
/**
* Sealed data class to record custom application specified flow event.
*/
data class FlowAppAuditEvent(
override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val auditEventType: String) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Sealed data class to record the initiation of a new flow.
* The flow parameters should be captured to the context data.
*/
data class FlowStartEvent(
override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Sealed data class to record ProgressTracker Step object whenever a change is signalled.
* The API for ProgressTracker has been extended so that the Step can contain some extra context data,
* which is copied into the contextData Map.
*/
data class FlowProgressAuditEvent(
override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val flowProgress: ProgressTracker.Step) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo {
override val contextData: Map<String, String> get() = flowProgress.extraAuditData
}
/**
* Sealed data class to record any FlowExceptions, or other unexpected terminations of a Flow.
*/
data class FlowErrorAuditEvent(override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val error: Throwable) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Sealed data class to record checks on per flow permissions and the verdict of these checks
* If the permission is denied i.e. permissionGranted is false, then it is expected that the flow will be terminated immediately
* after recording the FlowPermissionAuditEvent. This may cause an extra FlowErrorAuditEvent to be recorded too.
*/
data class FlowPermissionAuditEvent(override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val permissionRequested: String,
val permissionGranted: Boolean) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Minimal interface for recording audit information within the system. The AuditService is assumed to be available only
* to trusted internal components via ServiceHubInternal.
*/
interface AuditService {
fun recordAuditEvent(event: AuditEvent)
}
/**
* Empty do nothing AuditService as placeholder.
* TODO Write a full implementation that expands all the audit events to the database.
*/
class DummyAuditService : AuditService, SingletonSerializeAsToken() {
override fun recordAuditEvent(event: AuditEvent) {
//TODO Implement transformation of the audit events to formal audit data
}
}
``` |
Roxy Barton (8 May 1879 – 1 March 1962) was an Australian actress who also had a theatrical career in London and the U.S.
She was born in Sydney in Australia in 1879 as Roxy Claudia May Barton, daughter of Jane McCulloch née Davie (1833-1927) and Russell Barton (1830-1916). The youngest of eleven children, she grew up in the family's palatial Russell-Lea home in Five Dock. The area is now the suburb of Russell Lea.
She commenced her stage career in her native Australia with the Willoughby-Geach Company, appearing in Robbery Under Arms (1898), Man to Man (1899) and Othello (1899), all at the Criterion Theatre in Sydney; The Power and the Glory (1899) at the Lyceum Theatre, Sydney; Tom, Dick and Harry and A Highland Legacy (1901) at the Palace Theatre, Sydney; and in A Stranger in a Strange Land [1904) at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne.
During November 1900, Roxy gained a place in the cast of Message From Mars, a London company production preparing to tour Australia. It was here that she first met her future husband – English actor Harry Stephenson Garraway, whose stage name was Henry Stephenson. The pair performed in Message From Mars and other productions in Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Melbourne, and regional centres such as Charters Towers, Rockhampton and Bendigo. Henry played the part of the Messenger, and he was “a man of such remarkable height that he seemed a veritable ‘Martian’ on the stage. At some stage after his August appearance at the Melbourne's Bijou Theatre, Henry travelled to New York to make his Broadway debut with A Message from Mars. It wasn't until after Roxy relocated to England in 1904, three years later, that the couple met again.
Roxy Barton, the charmer of the Willoughby Geach Co., on whom Willoughby was a bit mashed, but Roxy was cold, and would not encourage him beyond receiving a bit of jewellery at his hands occasionally, has stepped from an extreme of dramatic art in Australia to the highest class in London, from farce to Shakespeare. She has got the billet of leading lady in F. R. Benson’s Shakespeare Co...Roxy left for England aboard the R.M.S. Macedonia on 25 June 1904 in order to pursue a theatrical career. She played the Queen in Hamlet in one of Mr Benson's small companies in Ireland, where she also appeared as Rosalind. Later, she was promoted to a London play in which Mr Benson also appeared, and she was favourably reviewed during the annual season at the Coronet Theatre London. There she played Athena in The Oresteia Trilogy of Aeschylus, and Mr. Cyril Knightly was Apollo. Roxy was also an understudy to Mrs. Benson, Frank's wife, who was also an actress, and she took the leading parts in the Benson North Company in The Comedy of Errors (1904–1905) at the Adelphi Theatre, and as Athena in The Oresteia Trilogy at the Coronet Theatre in Notting Hill (1905). Next she played Titania in Otho Stuart's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Adelphi Theatre (1905) opposite Oscar Asche as Bottom . Barton was also
School for Scandal and The Rivals, and also appeared as Portia, Rosalind, etc., in the tour, that extended from December 1904 to the end of February 1905. Mid-1905, Roxy performed at Stratford-on-Avon in a leading role in the Shakespearean season Mr. Benson gave in that town.
By July 1905, Roxy had been with the Benson Shakespearean Company almost since her arrival in England, and was still on the same salary list as Mrs. Benson's under-study for leading parts; however, she was not obliged to travel until wanted, so she enjoyed a brief holiday in London. As a visitor, the impressions of the Australian actress of what she saw and the people she met in London were recorded in an Australian newspaper of the time. Miss Barton is much dazzled by the beauty and gaiety of the London parks, with their summer foliage and luxurious equipages. At the theatres she has seen Mr. Lewis Waller and Miss Evelyn Millard in "Romeo and Juliet" without being particularly impressed. "What Pamela Wanted" was not a success, yet it was well acted, and Miss Ethel Irving was charming. The only emotional actresses in London who touched the visitor were Miss Lena Ashwell and Miss Wynn Mathison, both described as first-rate. Miss Ashwell and Mr. Charles Warner made the success of "Leah Kleschna." A great deal that the visitor saw struck her as ''most ordinary." But she surrenders to Henry Irving. Miss Barton was present at the first night of "Becket" at Drury-lane Theatre, and thought the great actor beyond expectation, "a wonderful man, who made everyone on the stage seem as nothing. The public just stood up when he came on, and howled with joy until they couldn't howl any longer.By August, Roxy was playing with Mr. F. R Benson's Shakespearean company in London at the Adelphi. Then, Caleb Porter was announced to appear as Egeus, and Roxy as Titania in Otto Stuart's presentation of A Midsummer Night's Dream, also at the London Adelphi on Saturday, November 25. Also starring Oscar Asche as Bottom and Beatrice Ferrar as Puck, this role continued into 1906, followed by the role of Helen in Paris and Aenome in April 1906 at the Savoy Theatre. Miss Roxy Barton, the Sydney girl who played in Melbourne first in Mr. Hawtrey's ''Messenger from Mars" Company, and afterwards played leads with Geach and Willoughby's Comedy Company, will make her debut in one of London's leading combinations shortly. She is to play "Titania" in a new production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream," by Mr. Otho Stewart's company, in which Mr. Oscar Ashe, another Australian who has made his mark in England, will play the part of "Bottom." Miss Roxy Barton is described in the London Daily Express as "an Australian of striking beauty."
At some point after her arrival in England, Roxy again made contact with Harry Stephenson Garraway (1871-1956 - a.k.a. Henry Stephenson.), her former Messenger from Mars co-star in Australia. They married on 14 July 1906 at St Marylebone Parish Church in London, after which they left for Penzance Cornwall and intended finishing their honeymoon in the Scilly Isles. Still something of a celebrity in her native Sydney, the local press covered the event:
A most interesting wedding, which took place recently in London, was that of Miss Roxy Barton, daughter of Mr. Russell Barton, of Five Dock. You will doubtless remember Miss Barton, a very tall, handsome girl, and a clever actress, who played several seasons in Sydney, notably rather a long one with The Message from Mars Company. It was that self-same messenger whom Miss Barton was married – Mr. Henry Stephenson Garraway, known on the stage as Henry Stephenson. Thus they met for the first time, and the engagement has been one of long standing. She is said to have made an extremely handsome bride. Mr. and Mrs. Garraway intend playing for a season in the States, where something good has been offered to them. It will probably be a long time before Mrs. Garraway returns to her native land. When she does she will receive a hearty welcome, as she has a large circle of friends.The Sydney Mail, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 4 July 1906, p. 48b
Engaged by Messrs Frank Curzon and J. K. Hackett for the principal part in Mr. Hopkinson, (played In London by Miss Annie Hughes) for a 30-week New York season at a large salary, Roxy and her husband, who was also engaged to play with the same company (he had been acting in that same play just prior to their marriage), were aboard the Philadelphia when it set off three months later from England to New York on September 29. Several other English actors and actresses accompanied them, and their fares were paid by Frank Curzon. According to the shipping record, Roxy was 5’ 6” in height, with fair complexion, brown hair and grey eyes. Henry was 6’ 1” tall, with fair complexion, brown hair and blue eyes.
By November 1907, the couple had returned to London, where Roxy appeared with Mr. Weedon Grossmith in The Night of the Party at the Kennington Theatre, London. In 1908 she played the leading role in The Blackmailers, by Mrs. T. P. O’Connor and Mr. R. Henderson-Bland, which was played for the first time at the County Theatre, Kingston, on October 19. Then in November that same year, she was cast in The New Governess, a production which had its initial hearing at Malvern, England. Mr. Herbert Ross, who was so popular in Australia in A Message From Mars was head of the company. In May 1909, Roxy appeared at the Marlborough Theatre, and at the King's Theatre in Hammersmith. The following month she toured in An English Man's Home, playing the part of Maggie Brown.
Roxy and Henry returned to the U.S. at some point before 1911 and their daughter, the actress Jean Harriet Garraway (1911–2004), was born there. In 1912 Roxy was a member of the Lydia Gilmore cast. By this time she was using Roxane Barton as her professional name. The 1915 U.S. Census reveals the couple was living at 300 Central Park West. Roxy gave her name as Roxane and her profession as actress. Henry was an actor and their daughter, Jean, was four years old. Also living with them was Ethel May, an English servant aged 30.
Her marriage to Henry Stephenson was dissolved some time before 1922, when he remarried. In 1923, listed as a housewife, Roxy and her daughter Jean sailed to Sydney in Australia on board the Euripides. In 1939 she was living in St George's Road in Stratford-upon-Avon. In 1948, still as a 'Housewife' she made a visit alone to Sydney in Australia aboard the P&O ship Strathaird. In her later years she lived at 79 Heol Isaf Radyr in Cardiff in Wales. After her divorce from Henry, Roxy never remarried, although she seems to have led the life of an international roamer, travelling regularly between New York, London and Australia. In her final years, Roxy made her home in Wales, and was listed as a 'widow' when she died at the Plymouth Nursing Home in Penarth in Glamorgan, Wales on 1 March 1962. In her will she left £421 3s.
References
1879 births
1962 deaths
Actresses from Sydney
19th-century Australian actresses
20th-century Australian actresses
Australian Shakespearean actresses
Women of the Victorian era
Australian expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom
Australian expatriate actresses in the United States |
The Saint-Maurice River (; Atikamekw: Tapiskwan sipi) flows north to south in central Quebec from Gouin Reservoir to empty into the Saint Lawrence River at Trois-Rivières, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. From its source at Gouin Reservoir, located at the same latitude as the Lac Saint-Jean, the river has a total drop of about , to finally reach the St. Lawrence river at Trois-Rivières. The river is 563 km (350 miles) long and has a drainage basin of . Saint-Maurice River is one of the most important tributaries of the St. Lawrence River.
The main tributaries of the Saint-Maurice River are:
Matawin River, whose mouth is at Matawin (Hamlet);
Vermillon River (La Tuque) which empties about 23 km, 14 miles (by water) upstream (north) of the Beaumont generating station in La Tuque;
Manouane River (La Tuque) which empties about 115 km, 70 miles (by water) upstream (north) of La Tuque;
La Trenche River (La Tuque) which empties near the La Trenche Generating Station;
Croche River (La Tuque) which empties at north of La Tuque.
Between Weymontachie and Trois-Rivières, the St-Maurice River has 27 tributaries identified as significant enough for downhill wood: Weymontachingue, Manouane, Little Rock, Little Flamand, Windigo, Flamand, Coucoucache, Grande Pierriche (Great Pierriche), Petite Pierriche (Little Pierriche), "La Trenche", Vermillion, Croche, Rivière-au-Lait, Bostonnais, Little Bostonnais, Small Stream, Mountain, Caribou, Rivière-aux-Rats, Wessonneau, Little Batiscan River, l'Oiseau (Bird), Bête Puante (Beast Puante), Mattawin, Mekinac, River "au Lac des Pêches" and Shawinigan River.
During the 18th century, early fur traders travelled along the river. During the second half of the 19th century, logging became an important industry in the surrounding Mauricie region. For much of the 20th century, the river was used to transport logs to mills down river and it was, and still is, a major source of hydroelectric power.
First communication channel in this region, the river was used by local Native Americans long before the arrival of Europeans on the spot. Early explorations by religious conversion in pain and trappers in search of furs for the trade, it was one of the primary routes of rivers in Quebec.
Several municipalities have been established on its banks, thereby taking advantage of its hydroelectric power where the falls were high enough to install a dam integration an electrical generating station. Among other cities, La Tuque, Shawinigan and Trois-Rivières are the best known, and are themselves located along the Route 155 which connects the St. Lawrence River to Lake St. John.
Origin of name
The original name of the river was "Métabéroutin", the name given by Algonquin, which means "discharge of the wind" and in turn, the Attikameks of Haute-Mauricie still call "Sipi Tapiskwan", the "river of the threaded needle". The Abenaki the call the river "Madôbaladenitekw" or the "river that ends". Jacques Cartier named it "River Fouez" in honor of the House of Foix in 1535. However, this name was abandoned in the early 17th century to the name of "Three Rivers". Its current name was given in the early 18th century in reference to the "fief of Saint-Maurice", the common name of lordship on the west bank granted about 1668 to Maurice Poulin in La Fontaine, government prosecutor of Three Rivers. He was the owner of some property along the river in the 17th century. The name "St. Maurice" is attested for the first time in a judgment dated 1723 and definitely supplanted the "Three Rivers" between 1730 and 1740.
The river gave its name to the administrative region of Mauricie.
Communities
Communities on the river include, from the mouth of the river:
Bridges and other cross structures
Order from downstream (Trois-Rivières) toward upstream:
Territory of Shawinigan
Territory of La Tuque
Hydroelectric power stations and other dams
Order from downstream (Trois-Rivières) to upstream:
All plants on the St. Maurice are the property of Hydro-Québec.
Timber transportation
In 1996, the Saint-Maurice River was the last river in Quebec to stop the transportation of timber by flotation. For nearly 150 years, companies in forestry have used the current of the river and its tributaries for timber transportation. Before being stacked on the ice in Upper-Mauricie, logs were identified in order to be recovered downstream where baunes were implemented, including Grandes-Piles, in Grand-Mère, Shawinigan or Trois-Rivières.
Each spring, an army of loggers cleaned the river banks for delivering timbers which were hung on the shores, bays, rocks or in riparian wood. The loggers sorted the timbers for relaunching them into the water for redirecting them to Pulp paper plant downstream.
Wildlife fish
In the last 174 kilometers (108 miles), between Trois-Rivières and La Tuque, the experts found 42 fish species frequenting the river. The density of fish biomass is generally low, which is characteristic of rivers in Canadian Shield.
See also
List of Quebec rivers
1663 Charlevoix earthquake
Île Anselme-Fay
References
External links
Tourisme Mauricie Regional tourist office
Rivers of Mauricie
Tributaries of the Saint Lawrence River
Hydrological system of Saint-Maurice |
Education in the Basque Autonomous Community is entirely free from the age of 3, and compulsory between 6 and 16 years. The majority of students are educated in the Basque language.
Levels of schooling
Infant education
For children aged 3 years, and is available at a subsidised cost.
Infant education
For children aged 3–6 years, and is both free and optional.
Primary education
For children aged 6–12 years, and is compulsory and free.
Secondary education
For children aged 12–16 years, it is compulsory. Upon completion of this level of schooling, students with satisfactory grades have the option to continue their education for two additional years. Students will either pursue academic study in preparation for university entrance examinations, or follow a professional training course. Those who fall short of the satisfactory grades may attend professional initiation programmes as a precursor to entering the job market.
Higher education
In addition to many institutions which specialise in vocational training, the Basque country boasts 4 universities. The public University of the Basque Country and the Jesuit-owned private University of Deusto are two of Spain's most prestigious.
The Opus Dei-governed University of Navarre has a campus in San Sebastian.
The newest one is the University of Mondragón, part of Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa.
Ikastolak
In the mid- to late 1960s, Basque language schools began to spring up all over the Southern Basque Country starting in nurseries and primary education. The new autonomous community of the Basque Country was granted autonomous powers with regard to education following the death of Franco in 1975, and the option of an education entirely in Basque in schools called ikastolak took a legal status. There are four types of school differentiated by their linguistic teaching models:
X - 0.6% of students. Education is entirely in Spanish.
A - 26.2% of students. Education is entirely in Spanish, with Basque as a compulsory subject.
B - 23.0%. Education is partly in Basque, partly in Spanish (usually mathematics and reading/writing).
D - 50.2%. Education entirely in Basque, with Spanish as a compulsory subject.
See also
Education in Spain
Euskal Herriak Bere Eskola
External links
Basque Education System
Education in the Basque Country (autonomous community) |
Affinity is the second EP by English alternative rock band, Press to Meco. Released on 27 May 2013, the extended play was recorded at The Ranch Production House with Neil Kennedy – who would go on to produce the band's debut album, Good Intent. Three songs from the EP – "Tired Bones", "Honestly" and title track, "Affinity" – would also later be re-recorded for inclusion on Good Intent.
Track listing
Personnel
Press to Meco
Luke Caley – guitar, vocals
Adam Roffey – bass, vocals
Lewis Williams – drums, vocals
Additional personnel
Neil D. Kennedy – producer, mixing
Jim Harding – assistant engineer
Robin Schmidt – mastering
Andreu Mariner – artwork
References
2013 EPs
Press to Meco albums |
```xml
import { Readable } from 'stream';
declare namespace getRawBody {
export type Encoding = string | true;
export interface Options {
/**
* The expected length of the stream.
*/
length?: number | string | null;
/**
* The byte limit of the body. This is the number of bytes or any string
* format supported by `bytes`, for example `1000`, `'500kb'` or `'3mb'`.
*/
limit?: number | string | null;
/**
* The encoding to use to decode the body into a string. By default, a
* `Buffer` instance will be returned when no encoding is specified. Most
* likely, you want `utf-8`, so setting encoding to `true` will decode as
* `utf-8`. You can use any type of encoding supported by `iconv-lite`.
*/
encoding?: Encoding | null;
}
export interface RawBodyError extends Error {
/**
* The limit in bytes.
*/
limit?: number;
/**
* The expected length of the stream.
*/
length?: number;
expected?: number;
/**
* The received bytes.
*/
received?: number;
/**
* The encoding.
*/
encoding?: string;
/**
* The corresponding status code for the error.
*/
status: number;
statusCode: number;
/**
* The error type.
*/
type: string;
}
}
/**
* Gets the entire buffer of a stream either as a `Buffer` or a string.
* Validates the stream's length against an expected length and maximum
* limit. Ideal for parsing request bodies.
*/
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: Buffer) => void
): void;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options: (getRawBody.Options & { encoding: getRawBody.Encoding }) | getRawBody.Encoding,
callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: string) => void
): void;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options: getRawBody.Options,
callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: Buffer) => void
): void;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options: (getRawBody.Options & { encoding: getRawBody.Encoding }) | getRawBody.Encoding
): Promise<string>;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options?: getRawBody.Options
): Promise<Buffer>;
export = getRawBody;
``` |
The coleto (Sarcops calvus) is a starling species (family Sturnidae) in the monotypic genus Sarcops. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. In Filipino and Tagalog, this bird is known as kuling or koleto, while in Central Visayas, it is commonly known as the sal-ing.
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the coleto in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in the Philippines. He used the French name Le merle chauve des Philippines and the Latin Mname "erula Calva Philippensis. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recogniszd by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. WI 1766 , when the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the coleto. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Gracula calva and cited Brisson's work. The specific name is from Latin calvus "bald" or "without hair". This species is now the only member of the genus Sarcops that was introduced by the English ornithologist Arthur Walden in 1875. The name combines the Ancient Greek words sarx, sarkos "flesh" and ōps, ōpos "face" or "complexion".
Three subspecies are recognised:
S. c. calvus (Linnaeus, 1766) – north Philippines
S. c. melanonotus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) – central and south Philippines
S. c. lowii (Sharpe, 1877) – Sulu Archipelago (southwest Philippines)
Breeding information
The Coleto was a recently discovered host of the brood parasitic Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus) in the Philippines.
References
External links
Sturnidae
Endemic birds of the Philippines
Birds described in 1766
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
{{Infobox person
| name = Chris Jarvis
| image =
| birth_name = Martin Christopher Jarvis
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Romford, London, England
| occupation = Actor, broadcaster, director, impressionist, presenter, writer
| nationality = British
| television = Playdays Fully BookedCatchphraseJungle RunStep Inside CBeebies
}}
Martin Christopher Jarvis (born 20 April 1969) is an English actor, presenter and writer who has appeared mainly on children's television for the BBC since 1992, apart from 2000 to 2002 when he was working with ITV and Channel 4. In 2019, he started a radio station for children called Little Radio.
Career
Early career
Jarvis made his name in the early 1990s on Children's BBC, presenting from the "Broom Cupboard" alongside Zoe Ball and Josie d'Arby as well as hosting his own shows like Look Sharp. Chris wrote a lot of material for Children's BBC himself (including the mini soap opera Wood Lane TV) and created several memorable characters including "The Anorak".
In 1997, Jarvis was part of The Friday Zone (which was broadcast on Friday afternoons on BBC One for most of the children's slot) with Debra Stephenson, Peter Simon, Dominic Wood, Steve Rock and Emma Lee. They released a single called "Glasses" as a spin-off from the programme, to raise money for Comic Relief.
He then presented Fully Booked with Tim Vincent and Gail Porter for a few years. He has appeared on many other TV shows including Short Change, Exclusive, Playdays and Soap Fever.
CBeebies
Jarvis was one of the original lineup of CBeebies presenters, alongside Pui Fan Lee, Sidney Sloane, and Sue Monroe every day. From March 2007 until his departure on 2 January 2009, he presented alongside Lee from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm with Discover and Do, then the Bedtime Hour from 6:00 pm and again on BBC Two in the mornings. He also starred in Step Inside as Mr Mopple and voiced characters in Underground Ernie. In 2009, he and Lee left the channel's main presentation to create Show Me Show Me.Show Me Show Me is still broadcast on CBeebies today. The first 40 half-hour episodes were broadcast on the CBeebies channel, BBC One and BBC Two from Monday 6 July 2009 every weekday at 10:00 am and 1:30 pm. Series 5 was filmed on location near Manchester in 2013.
Since 2010, Jarvis and Lee have toured the UK with The Chris and Pui Roadshow.
Acting
As an actor Jarvis has appeared in The Demon Headmaster and ChuckleVision, and played Mr Mopple in early CBeebies story-telling programme Step Inside. He also presented Maths Mansion.
Music
Jarvis hosts family concerts for the London Philharmonic Orchestra LPO and the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra.
Pantomime
Jarvis has appeared in pantomimes professionally every year since 1995, and prior to that had performed in several as an amateur. Since 2001, he has written and directed many of these pantomimes as well.
1995 'Aladdin' Guildford – Bernie Nolan, Clare Buckfield, Jack Douglas, Richard Gibson,
1996 'Aladdin' Richmond – Bonnie Langford, Bernard Cribbins, Terrence Hardiman
1997 'Jack & the Beanstalk' Bromley – Matthew Kelly, Vicki Michelle, Toyah Willcox, Robert Duncan,
1998 'Cinderella' Lewisham – Linda Robson, Femi Oke
1999 'Peter Pan' Reading – Derek Griffiths, Hilary O'Neil
2000 'Jack & the Beanstalk' Croydon – Kate Ritchie,
2001 'Cinderella' Malvern – Marti Webb, Nicholas Smith
2002 'Cinderella' Bournemouth – Ruth Madoc, Nicholas Smith
2003 'Cinderella' Basingstoke – Sarah Thomas, Michael Knowles
2004 'Jack & the Beanstalk' Bournemouth – Chris Ellison, Tom Owen, Jackie Piper
2005 'Aladdin' Bournemouth – Ray Meagher, Mark Squires
2006 'Snow White' Tunbridge Wells – Carol Harrison, Richard Calkin
2007 'Snow White' Basingstoke – Carol Harrison, Tom Owen
2008 'Cinderella' Swansea – Su Pollard, Sarah Thomas
2009 'Snow White' at the Pavilion Theatre, Bournemouth with Su PollardBournemouth International Centre – Jack and the Beanstalk
2010 'Cinderella' at the Pavilion Theatre, Bournemouth with Amanda Barrie.
2011 'Jack & the Beanstalk' at the Pavilion Theatre, Bournemouth with Debra Stephenson, Brian Capron, Nick Wilton & Kate Weston
2012 'Sleeping Beauty' at the Pavilion Theatre, Bournemouth with Su Pollard.
2013 'Aladdin' at the Pavilion Theatre, Bournemouth with Scott Maslen, Bobby Crush, Nicholas Khan, Jennifer Saayeng, Richard Vincent, Jamie-Lee Mason
2014 'Snow White' Richmond Theatre – Jerry Hall
2015 'Cinderella' Richmond Theatre
2016 'Sleeping Beauty' Richmond Theatre
2017 'Jack and the Beanstalk' Wycombe Swan Theatre with Simon Webbe and Ashleigh Butler
2018 'Dick Whittington' Poole Lighthouse with Richard Gibson
2019 'Sleeping Beauty' Swindon Wyvern with Michelle Collins
2020 Puss in Boots Tiring Production with Suzanne Shaw
2021 'Beauty & the Beast' Poole Lighthouse
2022 'Cinderella' Poole Lighthouse with Tyger Drew-Honey, Alim Jadavji, Andrew Pollard, Charlotte Wood and Lauren Azania
Jarvis has been involved with several televised pantomimes on CBeebies, including 2012's Jack and the beanstalk which he wrote and starred Dame Trot, 2011's Strictly Cinderella which he co-wrote, and starred in as Baron Hardup, 2010's Aladdin (in which he plays Emperor Sho Mee) and 2009's Jack & Jill'' (which he wrote and appeared in a cameo).
Personal life
Jarvis grew up in Billericay and Brentwood.
He is the godfather to one of fellow CBeebies presenter Pui Fan Lee's sons.
Filmography
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
British male television actors
British male television presenters
British children's television presenters
People from Romford |
Regency Mall may refer to:
Regency Mall (Augusta, Georgia)
Regency Mall (Racine)
Regency Mall (Richmond, Virginia)
See also
Regency Square Mall (disambiguation) |
Richard de Capella or Richard of the Chapel (died 1127) was a medieval Bishop of Hereford.
Life
Capella was a member of the chancery in charge of the king's seal during the reign of King Henry I of England before being elected bishop. As such "he was responsible for the preparation and validation of all royal charters, including many grants for major ecclesiastics, who were quickly recognising the financial rewards to be realised from markets and fairs." This was a good qualification for his future role in developing Herefordshire economically.
Capella was elected to the see of Hereford on 7 January or just before 2 February 1121. He was consecrated on 16 January 1121 at Lambeth by Archbishop Ralph d'Escures of Canterbury.
Capella attended the legatine council held by the new Archbishop of Canterbury, William de Corbeil, at London in 1127. At this council, Urban, Bishop of Llandaff brought charges against both Richard and Bernard, Bishop of St David's for intruding into the jurisdiction of Llandaff. However, nothing concrete was decided at the council and Urban appealed to the papacy. The ultimate decision, after Richard's death, was in Hereford's favour.
Capella also attempted to improve the financial condition of the diocese and obtained from Henry I confirmation of the right to hold a fair in Hereford, an institution dating from well before the Conquest. He also co-operated with the king in building the first bridge across the Wye at Hereford, and in the re-establishment of the minster at Leominster. Only a few charters exist from when he was bishop. It was probably during his episcopate that towns were founded on the episcopal manors of Leominster, Ledbury, Bromyard, and Ross-on-Wye.
Capella died on 15 August 1127 at Ledbury. He was buried in Hereford Cathedral.
Citations
References
Bishops of Hereford
12th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
1127 deaths
Burials at Hereford Cathedral
Year of birth unknown |
The plumed whistling duck (Dendrocygna eytoni), also called the grass whistling duck, is a whistling duck that breeds in Australia. It is a predominantly brown-coloured duck with a long neck and characteristic plumes arising from its flanks. The sexes are similar in appearance.
Taxonomy
Described by English naturalist Thomas Campbell Eyton in 1838, its specific epithet honours its namer. Its generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek terms dendron "tree", and kuknos (via Latin cygnus) "swan". Alternate common names include; Eyton's plumed, red-legged or whistling tree-duck, and grey or red-legged whistler.
Description
Measuring and weighing around , it is a long-necked duck with brown upperparts, paler underparts and a white rump. The chest is chestnut with thin black bars, while long black-margined plumes arise from its flanks. Its bill and legs are pink, and its iris is yellow. The male and female are similar in appearance. The species has a characteristic lowered neck and short, dark, rounded wings while flying.
The call is a characteristic whistle which gives the bird its common name.
Distribution and habitat
The range is eastern, northern and central Australia from the Kimberley across the Top End and Cape York, down to southern Queensland and northern New South Wales on the east coast, although may reach north-western Victoria inland, in the vicinity of the Murray River. It is also found in New Guinea. The preferred habitat is tall grassland and savanna, often near bodies of water.
Feeding
Rather than diving for food in bodies of water like other ducks, the plumed whistling duck feeds by cropping grass on land.
Breeding
The plumed whistling duck breeds during the wet season, generally in January to March, although it can be later in April or, in a few cases, May. One brood is raised per season. The nest is a mattress of grasses or similar material in tall grass, or in or near vegetation as cover. Ten to 12 oval eggs are laid, measuring ; 14 or more have been recorded on occasion. Initially shiny and creamy-coloured, they may become stained. The incubation period is around 30 days.
References
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet
Articles containing video clips
plumed whistling duck
Birds of Australia
plumed whistling duck
plumed whistling duck |
Denis Marleau (born October 14, 1954) is a Canadian director living in Quebec.
He was born in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield and trained as an actor at the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Montréal. He then spent two years in Europe, interning in corporal mime and working at the Mandragore Theatre. Marleau returned to Quebec and founded the Théâtre de la Nouvelle Lune with several other actors. In 1981, he presented Coeur à gaz et autres textes Dada at the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal. In 1982, he founded Le Théâtre Ubu with Anne-Marie Rocher and Denis Leclerc; Marleau was the company's artistic director and resident stage director. During the 1980s, he presented several collage works based on European avant-garde texts, including Merz Opéra and Oulipo Show. During the 1990s, he produced several plays based on literary works not familiar to people in Quebec as well as plays by Normand Chaurette and Maurice Maeterlinck. Maeterlinck's Les aveugles was particularly successful. He also served as French theatre artistic director for the National Arts Centre in Ottawa.
He founded the Laboratoires du Théâtre français, associated with the National Arts Centre, which provides education in theatre. He has also organized theatre workshops in Canada, Europe and Mexico. He has published articles in various periodicals dedicated to theatre.
Marleau received Governor General's Performing Arts Awards in 1998 (National Arts Centre Award) and 2012 (Lifetime Achievement). He was named an Officer in the Order of Canada, a Chevalier in the National Order of Quebec and a Chevalier in the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He has received several awards from the Association québécoise des critiques de théâtre. Marleau was awarded the Prix Denise-Pelletier in 2014.
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
Canadian theatre directors
Officers of the Order of Canada
Knights of the National Order of Quebec
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Prix Denise-Pelletier winners
Governor General's Award winners |
KNFT may refer to:
KNFT (AM), a radio station (950 AM) licensed to Bayard, New Mexico, United States
KNFT-FM, a radio station (102.9 FM) licensed to Bayard, New Mexico, United States |
The 2007 Calgary municipal election was held Monday, October 15, 2007. The citizens of Calgary elected one mayor, 12 of their 14 aldermen (one from each of 14 wards) to the city council, five of the seven Calgary School District trustees (each representing 2 of 14 wards), and three of the seven Calgary Catholic School District trustees (each representing 2 of 14 wards). All but one of the incumbent councillors ran again in this election (Barry Erskine, of Ward 11), and two incumbents were returned by acclamation. Five of the incumbent public school trustees ran again, two were acclaimed, and four separate school incumbent trustees ran, three were acclaimed, while Ward 13/14 had only one new candidate. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections.
The percent of eligible voters who voted was 33% — putting turnout at a higher level than the previous election in 2004.
Results
Bold indicates elected, italics indicates incumbent.
Mayor
Aldermen
Public School Trustees
Separate School Trustees
Key Issues
Some of the prominent issues receiving public attention include the following (listed in alphabetical order):
Crime
Recent high-profile violent crimes in Calgary had generated public concern for safety in the city.
Environment
Calgary has the highest per capita ecological footprint amongst Canada's larger cities. The City has concentrated past efforts on increasing community water conservation and reducing its corporate GHG emissions. Community goals to reduce the community's ecological footprint were identified through the Imagine Calgary process. These were intended to form the basis for comprehensive community-based initiatives to reduce the per capita ecological footprint.
Housing
There was an ongoing shortage of housing in the city. That, combined with what was among the highest rates of growth in housing costs in Canada, had made housing a significant issue for the public.
Infrastructure
A week before the election, the provincial government agreed to provide $3.3 billion for infrastructure in Calgary over the next 10 years. It would be up to city council to allocate those funds.
Transportation
Disruption of roads, paths and sidewalks due to construction.
Public transit infrastructure.
Increasing motor-vehicle congestion.
Voter participation
Voter turnout in the previous Calgary municipal election was 19.8%, while in the 2001 municipal elections it was 38%.
Controversies
Campaign finance.
Regarding specific candidates
Sandy Jenkins was forcibly ejected from the University of Calgary MacEwan Hall Ballroom by security during a Weakerthans concert which he sneaked in after not having paid for a ticket.
Dave Bronconnier's fundraising has raised concerns about the impact of funding on the campaign.
Craig Burrows (incumbent, Ward 6) was the Chair of the City Audit Committee. He was approved to take a University of Calgary business management course which would provide assistance to him in his role on the Audit Committee. He was later asked to repay the course fee, which he did indirectly through a reduction in his spending in the subsequent year.
Mayoral candidate Alnoor Kassam was reported to have spent a million dollars of his own money on his campaign, which led to allegations that his money had been acquired in illegal or unethical manners. Columnist Don Braid attempted to connect him to a banking scandal in Kenya prior to moving to Canada. While Kassam did admit that the local political culture required regular bribes in order to do business, he noted that a Canadian immigration tribunal had completely exonerated him. He insisted that he did not take money when leaving Kenya, but had made his entire current fortune in Calgary. News articles also accused Kassam of attempting economic evictions in a Mount Royal apartment building, although he apparently also supported residents in finding other housing.
References
External links
The City of Calgary: General Election
Calgary
2007
2000s in Calgary |
```go
/*
See path_to_url
*/
package mysql
import (
gosql "database/sql"
"fmt"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/github/gh-ost/go/sql"
"github.com/openark/golib/log"
"github.com/openark/golib/sqlutils"
)
const (
MaxTableNameLength = 64
MaxReplicationPasswordLength = 32
MaxDBPoolConnections = 3
)
type ReplicationLagResult struct {
Key InstanceKey
Lag time.Duration
Err error
}
func NewNoReplicationLagResult() *ReplicationLagResult {
return &ReplicationLagResult{Lag: 0, Err: nil}
}
func (this *ReplicationLagResult) HasLag() bool {
return this.Lag > 0
}
// knownDBs is a DB cache by uri
var knownDBs map[string]*gosql.DB = make(map[string]*gosql.DB)
var knownDBsMutex = &sync.Mutex{}
func GetDB(migrationUuid string, mysql_uri string) (db *gosql.DB, exists bool, err error) {
cacheKey := migrationUuid + ":" + mysql_uri
knownDBsMutex.Lock()
defer knownDBsMutex.Unlock()
if db, exists = knownDBs[cacheKey]; !exists {
db, err = gosql.Open("mysql", mysql_uri)
if err != nil {
return nil, false, err
}
db.SetMaxOpenConns(MaxDBPoolConnections)
db.SetMaxIdleConns(MaxDBPoolConnections)
knownDBs[cacheKey] = db
}
return db, exists, nil
}
// GetReplicationLagFromSlaveStatus returns replication lag for a given db; via SHOW SLAVE STATUS
func GetReplicationLagFromSlaveStatus(informationSchemaDb *gosql.DB) (replicationLag time.Duration, err error) {
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(informationSchemaDb, `show slave status`, func(m sqlutils.RowMap) error {
slaveIORunning := m.GetString("Slave_IO_Running")
slaveSQLRunning := m.GetString("Slave_SQL_Running")
secondsBehindMaster := m.GetNullInt64("Seconds_Behind_Master")
if !secondsBehindMaster.Valid {
return fmt.Errorf("replication not running; Slave_IO_Running=%+v, Slave_SQL_Running=%+v", slaveIORunning, slaveSQLRunning)
}
replicationLag = time.Duration(secondsBehindMaster.Int64) * time.Second
return nil
})
return replicationLag, err
}
func GetMasterKeyFromSlaveStatus(connectionConfig *ConnectionConfig) (masterKey *InstanceKey, err error) {
currentUri := connectionConfig.GetDBUri("information_schema")
// This function is only called once, okay to not have a cached connection pool
db, err := gosql.Open("mysql", currentUri)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer db.Close()
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, `show slave status`, func(rowMap sqlutils.RowMap) error {
// We wish to recognize the case where the topology's master actually has replication configuration.
// This can happen when a DBA issues a `RESET SLAVE` instead of `RESET SLAVE ALL`.
// An empty log file indicates this is a master:
if rowMap.GetString("Master_Log_File") == "" {
return nil
}
slaveIORunning := rowMap.GetString("Slave_IO_Running")
slaveSQLRunning := rowMap.GetString("Slave_SQL_Running")
if slaveIORunning != "Yes" || slaveSQLRunning != "Yes" {
return fmt.Errorf("Replication on %+v is broken: Slave_IO_Running: %s, Slave_SQL_Running: %s. Please make sure replication runs before using gh-ost.",
connectionConfig.Key,
slaveIORunning,
slaveSQLRunning,
)
}
masterKey = &InstanceKey{
Hostname: rowMap.GetString("Master_Host"),
Port: rowMap.GetInt("Master_Port"),
}
return nil
})
return masterKey, err
}
func GetMasterConnectionConfigSafe(connectionConfig *ConnectionConfig, visitedKeys *InstanceKeyMap, allowMasterMaster bool) (masterConfig *ConnectionConfig, err error) {
log.Debugf("Looking for master on %+v", connectionConfig.Key)
masterKey, err := GetMasterKeyFromSlaveStatus(connectionConfig)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if masterKey == nil {
return connectionConfig, nil
}
if !masterKey.IsValid() {
return connectionConfig, nil
}
masterConfig = connectionConfig.Duplicate()
masterConfig.Key = *masterKey
log.Debugf("Master of %+v is %+v", connectionConfig.Key, masterConfig.Key)
if visitedKeys.HasKey(masterConfig.Key) {
if allowMasterMaster {
return connectionConfig, nil
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("There seems to be a master-master setup at %+v. This is unsupported. Bailing out", masterConfig.Key)
}
visitedKeys.AddKey(masterConfig.Key)
return GetMasterConnectionConfigSafe(masterConfig, visitedKeys, allowMasterMaster)
}
func GetReplicationBinlogCoordinates(db *gosql.DB) (readBinlogCoordinates *BinlogCoordinates, executeBinlogCoordinates *BinlogCoordinates, err error) {
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, `show slave status`, func(m sqlutils.RowMap) error {
readBinlogCoordinates = &BinlogCoordinates{
LogFile: m.GetString("Master_Log_File"),
LogPos: m.GetInt64("Read_Master_Log_Pos"),
}
executeBinlogCoordinates = &BinlogCoordinates{
LogFile: m.GetString("Relay_Master_Log_File"),
LogPos: m.GetInt64("Exec_Master_Log_Pos"),
}
return nil
})
return readBinlogCoordinates, executeBinlogCoordinates, err
}
func GetSelfBinlogCoordinates(db *gosql.DB) (selfBinlogCoordinates *BinlogCoordinates, err error) {
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, `show master status`, func(m sqlutils.RowMap) error {
selfBinlogCoordinates = &BinlogCoordinates{
LogFile: m.GetString("File"),
LogPos: m.GetInt64("Position"),
}
return nil
})
return selfBinlogCoordinates, err
}
// GetInstanceKey reads hostname and port on given DB
func GetInstanceKey(db *gosql.DB) (instanceKey *InstanceKey, err error) {
instanceKey = &InstanceKey{}
err = db.QueryRow(`select @@global.hostname, @@global.port`).Scan(&instanceKey.Hostname, &instanceKey.Port)
return instanceKey, err
}
// GetTableColumns reads column list from given table
func GetTableColumns(db *gosql.DB, databaseName, tableName string) (*sql.ColumnList, *sql.ColumnList, error) {
query := fmt.Sprintf(`
show columns from %s.%s
`,
sql.EscapeName(databaseName),
sql.EscapeName(tableName),
)
columnNames := []string{}
virtualColumnNames := []string{}
err := sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, query, func(rowMap sqlutils.RowMap) error {
columnName := rowMap.GetString("Field")
columnNames = append(columnNames, columnName)
if strings.Contains(rowMap.GetString("Extra"), " GENERATED") {
log.Debugf("%s is a generated column", columnName)
virtualColumnNames = append(virtualColumnNames, columnName)
}
return nil
})
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
if len(columnNames) == 0 {
return nil, nil, log.Errorf("Found 0 columns on %s.%s. Bailing out",
sql.EscapeName(databaseName),
sql.EscapeName(tableName),
)
}
return sql.NewColumnList(columnNames), sql.NewColumnList(virtualColumnNames), nil
}
// Kill executes a KILL QUERY by connection id
func Kill(db *gosql.DB, connectionID string) error {
_, err := db.Exec(`KILL QUERY %s`, connectionID)
return err
}
``` |
Anthrenocerus pinto (also known as Anthrenocerus pintado) is a species of beetles, native to Australia. It is within the genus Anthrenocerus and the family Dermestidae.
References
Dermestidae |
A Lesson in Vengeance is a 2021 fantasy novel by Victoria Lee.
Summary
After spending a year away from school after the disappearance of her girlfriend, Felicity Morrow returns to New England all-girls boarding academy Dalloway School to finish her final year of secondary. However, her new roommate, Ellis Haley, is intent on investigating rumours of the school being haunted by five girls who were murdered for being witches in the 1700s.
History
Lee has described the book as being influenced by The Secret History by Donna Tartt and wrote the book during their PhD dissertation year. The book's cover was designed by Regina Flath.
In July 2021, Titan Publishing Group brought the UK and Commonwealth rights for the book.
Themes
The book touches on issues such as gendered depictions of mental illness in fiction and problems with elite boarding school society, such as classism and racism. The book has been described by several commentators as fitting into the dark academia aesthetic.
Reception
The book received generally positive reviews. Publishers Weekly reviewed the book as having "queer primary characters, an irresistible gothic atmosphere, and unrelenting creeping dread." Alex Brown of Tor.com stated that the book was "a good introduction for horror and gothic newbies and a twisty and twisted diversion for the well-versed." Tor.com also classed the book as one of the 30 most anticipated SFF books for the second half of 2021.
In 2022, A Lesson in Vengeance was listed among 52 books banned by the Alpine School District following the implementation of Utah law H.B. 374, “Sensitive Materials In Schools," 42% of which “feature LBGTQ+ characters and or themes.” Many of the books were removed because they were considered to contain pornographic material according to the new law, which defines porn using the following criteria:
"The average person" would find that the material, on the whole, "appeals to prurient interest in sex"
The material "is patently offensive in the description or depiction of nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, sadomasochistic abuse, or excretion"
The material, on the whole, "does not have serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value."
References
2021 fantasy novels
LGBT speculative fiction novels
English-language books
2021 American novels
Novels set in New England
Novels set in boarding schools
Delacorte Press books
Censorship of LGBT issues
Censored books |
Ein Dor (, "Dor Spring") is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. As of it had a population of . It was the first Jewish settlement founded in Israel after the declaration of independence.
History
Kibbutz Ein Dor is named for Endor, a village mentioned in the Bible. The kibbutz was founded in May 1948 by members of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. Among the founders were young Zionists from Hungary, Canada, the United States and South Africa.
In 2003 members voted to privatize the kibbutz after many second and third generations had left for the city, prompting worry about the sustainability of the kibbutz. This meant moving the ideological approach of the kibbutz away from its original socialist principles of equality, collectivism and the Marxist ideal of "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." Some of the kibbutz land was sold for development and a new neighborhood was built, leading to an influx of 80 new families. The kibbutz views homebuyers as part of the community and they are given a say in municipal and community decisions.
Economy
In addition to its income from agriculture, the kibbutz operates Teldor cable and wire factory.
Notable people
Amnon Lord
Uzi Shalev
Dov Frishberg, PhD
References
Kibbutzim
Kibbutz Movement
Populated places established in 1948
Populated places in Northern District (Israel)
1948 establishments in Israel |
Sanchezia sericea is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
Flora of Ecuador
sericea
Least concern plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Plants described in 1926 |
Kumar Kaibarta Gaon is a census town in Jorhat district in the Indian state of Assam.
Demographics
India census, Kumar Kaibarta Gaon had a population of 6345. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kumar Kaibarta Gaon has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 76%. In Kumar Kaibarta Gaon, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
References
Cities and towns in Jorhat district
Jorhat |
Usingeriessa hemilitha is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1936. It is found in Venezuela.
References
Acentropinae
Moths described in 1936 |
is an athletic stadium in Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan. Also known as Nagasaki Athletic Stadium, it received its current name in August 2016 due to naming rights. Another naming rights acquisition is set to take place from 1 February 2024, where the stadium will officially change its name to Peace Stadium Connected by Softbank.
The stadium is primarily used for football, and is the home field of the J. League football club V-Varen Nagasaki.
Access
JR Kyushu Nagasaki Main Line: 20 minutes walk from Isahaya Station.
References
Multi-purpose stadiums in Japan
Athletics (track and field) venues in Japan
Football venues in Japan
Rugby union stadiums in Japan
Sports venues in Nagasaki Prefecture
V-Varen Nagasaki
Sports venues completed in 1969
1969 establishments in Japan |
Milliken Mills High School is a high school in the city of Markham, Ontario, Canada. Milliken Mills High School is one out of the 33 high schools in the York Region District School Board and is situated in ward 8 of Markham, Ontario. The high school is located on the border of the Milliken Mills West and the Milliken Mills East neighbourhoods and is located next to Milliken Mills Community Center.
Its service boundary area stretches north from Steeles Avenue, west to Warden Avenue, south from the 14th Avenue, and east to McCowan Road. Milliken Mills High School is a multicultural school at the level of both students and staff with over 30 cultural groups.
As of June 2013, the school is equipped with over 300 computer workstations.
History
Milliken Mills High School's construction was not scheduled to finish until January 1989 because of a construction worker strike. Milliken Mills High School's students were sent to Unionville High School in September 1988 for the first semester of the school year. Unionville High students went to school from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm, and the Milliken Mills students went to school from 1:00 pm to 4:30 pm. Milliken Mills was fully operational in Spring, 1989.
In 2002, an additional building was added to Milliken Mills High School which provided an additional 12 classrooms, teacher workrooms, and seminar space.
IB Programme
Milliken Mills High School is 1 out of the 5 secondary schools in the York Region District School Board that offer the IB Diploma Programme alongside Maple High School, Dr. G.W. Williams Secondary School, Bayview Secondary School, and Alexander Mackenzie High School.
Students that are in 8th grade and in York Region can apply for the pre-IB program at Milliken Mills High School. As of November 2022, the application process includes a mathematics, English, and French assessments in addition to the submission of a personal portfolio and the final 7th grade report card. The applications for the 2023-2024 pre-IB school year opened on October 14 and close on November 7.
IB Programme Fees
As of August 2023, a one time payable fee is required for admission to the IB Program at Milliken Mills High School. These fees cover operating costs including affiliation fees, registration fees, teacher training fees, resources and extra course materials, and external examination fees.
For the 2023 – 2024 school year, the program fee for 9th grade is CAN$257.50 and CAN$360.50 for 10th grade. The program fee for 11th and 12th grade is CAN$1236 per year.
Enrolment
Feeder schools
Aldergrove Public School
Highgate Public School
Milliken Mills Public School
Randall Public School
Wilclay Public School
Notable alumni
Andre De Grasse, sprinter
George Kottaras, professional baseball player
Corey Muirhead, basketball player with the BK Pardubice of the Czech National Basketball League
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
Milliken, Ontario
Norman Milliken
References
External links
York Region District School Board
High schools in the Regional Municipality of York
Buildings and structures in Markham, Ontario
Educational institutions established in 1988
1988 establishments in Ontario |
Last Date is a live album by jazz musician Eric Dolphy released in early 1965 on Limelight Records. It was recorded on June 2, 1964 in Hilversum, North Holland, shortly after Dolphy had settled in Paris, France, following a tour with Charles Mingus. Dolphy is accompanied by the Misha Mengelberg trio on the album. (It was one of Mengelberg's first appearances on record). The audience was an invited group of recording executives and studio personnel.
The final track, "Miss Ann", is followed by a brief excerpt from an interview recorded by Michiel de Ruyter for Dutch radio, in which Dolphy states: "when you hear music, after it's over, it's gone in the air, you can never capture it again."
Following the recording, Dolphy wrote to the members of the trio concerning plans to work with them again. However, he died on June 29 from diabetic shock. Two days after Dolphy's death, drummer Han Bennink received a letter from him containing details regarding a proposed engagement at the Café Montmartre in Copenhagen.
Despite its title, Last Date was not Dolphy's last recorded performance, as he participated in sessions with Donald Byrd, Nathan Davis, and other musicians in mid-June 1964. These recordings were issued on Naima, released in 1987, Unrealized Tapes (1988), Last Recordings (1999), The Complete Last Recordings: In Hilversum & Paris 1964 (2010), and Paris '64 (2018).
Ten years after the recording of Last Date, while cleaning his apartment, Mengelberg found a rehearsal tape containing a recording of an 18-minute runthrough of "Epistrophy" at Cafe de Kroon, Eindhoven, Netherlands from the day before the concert. Mengelberg sent the tape to Bennink, along with a letter requesting that he release it on the Instant Composers Pool label. The track was issued on LP by ICP in 1975, backed by a recording of Mengelberg playing a duet with his parrot, Eeko.
Last Date was the inspiration for the 1991 Dolphy documentary of the same name, directed by Hans Hylkema, written by Hylkema and Thierry Bruneau, and produced by Akka Volta. The film includes video clips from Dolphy's TV appearances, plus interviews with the members of the Mengelberg trio as well as Jaki Byard, Buddy Collette, Ted Curson, Richard Davis, Roy Porter, Gunther Schuller, and Dolphy's fiancé Joyce Mordecai.
Reception
Dolphy biographers Vladimir Simosko and Barry Tepperman called Last Date "a vital set of performances." In a review for AllMusic, Michael G. Nastos wrote: "Last Date is one of those legendary albums whose reputation grows with every passing year, and deservedly so... it also marks the passing of one era and the beginning of what has become a most potent and enduring legacy of European creative improvised tradition, started by Mengelberg and Bennink at this mid-'60s juncture." He stated that Mengelberg's trio were "performers who understand the ways in which [Dolphy] modified music in such a unique, passionate, and purposeful way far from convention", "a group who understood his off-kilter, pretzel logic concept in shaping melodies and harmonies," and wrote that they "played so convincingly and with the utmost courage that they created a final stand in the development of how the woodwindist conceived of jazz like no one else before, during, or after his life."
The authors of the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings wrote: "the performances are very good indeed and Misha Mengelberg's trio plays sympathetically... There is much of Dolphy that can never be recaptured, which is what makes that which survives so precious."
Track listing
All compositions by Eric Dolphy except where noted.
Side 1
"Epistrophy" (Monk) – 11:15
"South Street Exit" – 7:10
"The Madrig Speaks, the Panther Walks" – 4:50 (also known as "Mandrake")
Side 2
"Hypochristmutreefuzz" (Mengelberg) – 5:25
“You Don’t Know What Love Is” (Raye/De Paul) – 11:20
"Miss Ann" — 5:25
Personnel
Eric Dolphy – bass clarinet, flute, alto saxophone
Misha Mengelberg – piano
Jacques Schols – double bass
Han Bennink – drums
References
Limelight Records live albums
1965 live albums
Eric Dolphy live albums |
Podocarpus globulus is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo, where there are only four known subpopulations, found in Sabah and on the Sabahan border with Sarawak, although it may have undiscovered populations elsewhere in these states or in neighbouring Kalimantan.
Podocarpus globulus grows in lower to middle montane rain forests, and on ridges and summits in lowland and hill forests where the forest is not dominated by dipterocarps, between 310 and 1,530 meters elevation. It also grows in some areas with ultrabasic soil.
References
globulus
Endemic flora of Borneo
Flora of the Borneo lowland rain forests
Flora of the Borneo montane rain forests
Plants described in 1985
Taxa named by David John de Laubenfels
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Formula Holden was an Australian open wheel racing category introduced in 1989.
History
Known during its development as Formula Australia, it was initially for chassis constructed from aluminium only, running a 3.8-litre Buick V6 engine as it was then utilised in the new versions of the Holden Commodore (VN). Many of the engines used in the category were built by Perkins Engineering, who normally built Group A Holden Commodores and V8 race engines for privateer touring car teams, as well as company owner, multiple Bathurst 1000 winner and ex-Formula One driver Larry Perkins. Early in 1990, Perkins was reported as saying that his Formula Holden engines were putting out approximately . To make the V6 engines suitable for racing (in the Commodore road cars the engines developed ), a number of specialised parts were supplied by original series sponsor ACL (Automotive Components Limited).
Second-hand Formula 3000 chassis were targeted immediately as a cheap source of cars in addition to local constructors, and under CAMS rules, all cars had to be at least one year old. Formula Holden also used a Dunlop control tyre in its early years. For the 1992 season cars constructed from carbon fibre were allowed. In 2006 an engine upgrade was made available to the 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 engine, although take-up of the Alloytec V6 was far from universal. The engines were usually mounted in ex- Formula 3000 chassis, a large number of which were sourced from the Formula Nippon championship in Japan, but also included cars from other sources and a few specifically designed for the class, like the Australian designed Cheetah, Elfin, Spa (designed by F1 designer Gary Anderson), and the Shrike cars which were designed and built by technical students at the Croydon Park Institute of TAFE in Adelaide.
Formula Holden was in essence a budget form of Formula 3000, the main difference being the engines. As detailed, Formula Holden ran the 3.8 Litre Holden V6 engines. Formula 3000, as its name suggests, ran 3.0 Litre V8 engines including the Cosworth DFV and later the popular Mugen-Honda which were capable of producing over . As a guide to the speed difference between the two categories, television commentator and Formula Holden race driver Neil Crompton tested a Mugen powered Dome Japanese F3000 car at the Phillip Island Circuit in early 1990. The Dome (driven by regular drivers Ross Cheever and Thomas Danielsson) lapped the 4.445 km (2.762 mi) circuit in approximately 1:18 while two months later for the opening round of the 1990 Australian Drivers' Championship, the fastest Formula Holden qualifier was the Ralt RT21 of Simon Kane who qualified in 1:26.97. The Holden V6 engines reportedly had similar torque figures to the F3000 V8's, though they had around less than the V8's which saw the Australian cars have much less top speed.
From its inception in 1989 until 2004 the formula was used to determine the winner of the Australian Drivers' Championship for the CAMS Gold Star, replacing Formula 2 which had been the Gold Star category in 1987 and 1988. From 2005 this title was moved to the Australian Formula 3 Championship.
The first ever Formula Holden race was held at the Mallala Motor Sport Park in South Australia. Mark McLaughlin driving an Elfin FA891, designed and built at the Elfin factory in nearby Adelaide, won the opening race from former dual Australian Formula 2 champion Peter Glover in an Australian designed Cheetah Mk.9 with television commentator turned race driver Neil Crompton third in his Ralt RT21. During the race, television broadcaster Channel 7 claimed that a Formula Holden engine would cost approximately A$9,700.
From 1991 to 1995 the category was officially known as Formula Brabham in honour of Australia's first ever Formula One World Champion Sir Jack Brabham, the only person in history to win the World Championship in a car of his own design in . Sir Jack acted as the category patron for five seasons. In 1996 the name reverted to Formula Holden and from the 2003 season the category was officially called "Formula 4000 powered by Holden".
The formula was also used for a 1993 Pan-Pacific series, several New Zealand Grands Prix, and Tasman Cup (Australia versus New Zealand) summer series. It was also proposed to be used for an Asian series based in China. With numbers dropping, largely thanks to the rise of V8 Supercars which all but monopolised big dollar sponsors and television coverage, and the increasing prominence of Formula 3, the class was dropped by the CAMS sanctioning body after the 2005 season. In 2006, the category was run as part of the Australian Motor Racing Series under the sanctioning of the Australian Auto Sport Alliance (AASA) and at times the regular Formula 4000 field was complemented by vehicles competing in the new Oz BOSS category for open wheel racing cars. In 2007 numbers had dropped to the point they could no longer form races by themselves and were amalgamated into the OzBOSS category. As part of this amalgamation, the cars themselves were re-badged again as Formula 3000V6.
The drivers in the series in the 2000s were a mix of older drivers who owned their own cars, or very young Oceanic or South Asian drivers looking to make a name for themselves on the international scene. Although technically using cars just a step below Formula One, the lack of competition in the series means that drivers tended to progress from Formula 4000 to a minor series in Europe (Will Power - British Formula 3) or North America (Scott Dixon - Indy Lights). Alternatively drivers moved to any of the Australian sedan based championships such as Supercars or Australian GT.
From 1 January 2012, Formula Holden cars with a competition history established prior to 31 December 1991 are eligible to compete in Group R "Historic Racing & Sports Racing Cars (post-1977)". However, cars constructed with a full carbon tub are specifically excluded from this Group.
Champions
Cars used in Formula Holden
Cheetah Mk.9, Dome F102, Elfin FA891, Hocking 901, Hocking 911, Liston BF3, Lola T87/50, Lola T91/50, Lola T93/50, March 87B, Ralt RT4, Ralt RT20, Ralt RT21, Ralt RT23, Reynard 89D, Reynard 90D, Reynard 91D, Reynard 92D, Reynard 93D, Reynard 94D, Reynard 95D, Reynard 96D, Reynard 97D, Reynard 98D, Shrike NB89H, SPA 001, SPA 002, SPA 003.
Lap Records
Despite Formula Holden not being raced competitively in Australia since 2007, the class still holds the outright lap records at a number of Australian and New Zealand race circuits. As of May 2016 the list is:
Australia
Canberra Street Circuit* - 1:39.5409 - Simon Wills, Reynard 94D, 10 June 2000
Hidden Valley Raceway - 1:02.9268 - Simon Wills, Reynard 94D, 13 May 2001
Lakeside International Raceway - 0:46.66, Paul Stokell, Reynard 91D, 17 July 1994
Mallala Motor Sport Park - 1:02.57 - Paul Stokell, Reynard 90D, 7 August 1994
Oran Park Raceway (GP)* - 1:01.6718 - Tim Leahey, Reynard 92D, 30 July 2000
Oran Park Raceway (South)* - 0:37.73 - Paul Stokell, Reynard 90D, 28 August 1994
Queensland Raceway - 1:04.0661 - Simon Wills, Reynard 94D, 11 July 1999
Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit - 1:24.221 - Simon Wills, Reynard 94D, 13 February 2000
Winton Motor Raceway (Club) - 0:52.99 - Mark Larkham, Reynard 90D, 4 April 1992
Winton Motor Raceway (National) - 1:14.5697 - Christian Murchison, Reynard 95D, 16 July 2000
* Circuit closed
New Zealand
Manfeild Autocourse (short) - 1:01.457 - Simon Wills, Reynard 94D, 26 November 2000
Mike Pero Motorsport Park - 1.15.81 Scott Dixon Reynard 92D, 1998
Teretonga Park - 0:51.206 - Greg Murphy, Reynard 92D, 1998
Timaru International Motor Raceway - 0:56.26 Greg Murphy, Reynard 92D, 1995
References
External links
Official site
Motorsport categories in Australia |
The 2022 NCAA Men's College World Series was the final stage of the 2022 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. It was scheduled from June 17 through 27 at Charles Schwab Field Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska, but ended on June 26. This marked the 75th edition of the College World Series and 72nd time the event was held in Omaha.
The tournament featured eight teams in two double elimination brackets with the two winners meeting in a best-of-three championship series.
Background
The 2022 edition of the NCAA Men's College World Series featured four teams from the SEC, all from the conference's West Division; two from the Big 12, both of which announced they would join the SEC no later than the 2025–26 school year and were later confirmed as 2024–25 entrants; and one each from the ACC and Pac-12. Most of these teams advanced to Omaha by winning on the road, as only two were national seeds. The top national seed, Tennessee, was eliminated in its Super Regional by Notre Dame in a series that went the full three games. In the MCWS itself, the #2 national seed Stanford and Texas quickly went two-and-out, with the Cardinal first getting destroyed by Arkansas 17–2 then losing handily to Auburn. The Longhorns lost their opener to Notre Dame, then exited after being hammered by the #5 national seed, archrival Texas A&M. A&M reached the Bracket 1 final, losing there to Oklahoma.
Ole Miss went 5–1 at the MCWS, beating the Auburn Tigers once and the Arkansas Razorbacks twice in three matchups to advance to the championship series, where they swept Oklahoma to win the World Series. Ole Miss defeated the Sooners 10–3 in game 1 and 4–2 in game 2 to win the MCWS title.
Participants
Bracket
Seeds listed below indicate national seeds only
Game results
Bracket 1
Bracket 2
Finals
Game 1
Game 2
All-Tournament Team
The following players were members of the Men's College World Series All-Tournament Team.
Notes
References
External links
NCAA Baseball Championship Information
College World Series
College World Series
College World Series
Baseball competitions in Omaha, Nebraska
History of Omaha, Nebraska
College World Series
College baseball tournaments in Nebraska |
Derek Grant may refer to:
Derek Grant (drummer) (born 1977), drummer for punk band Alkaline Trio
Derek Grant (footballer), (born 1966) Scottish professional footballer
Derek Grant (ice hockey, born 1974), retired Canadian ice hockey player
Derek Grant (ice hockey, born 1990), Canadian ice hockey player
Derick K. Grant, dancer and choreographer
Derrick Grant (born 1938), rugby player |
Shōta Ōno (大野 奨太, born January 13, 1987, in Ōgaki, Gifu) is a Japanese professional baseball catcher for the Chunichi Dragons in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters.
Early career
As an elementary school student in Gifu Prefecture, Ōno played for local team Arasaki Baseball boys where he was a catcher, pitcher and third baseman. In middle school, he played as a third baseman for Seinō Boys where he was selected in the representative team for Gifu prefecture. From middle school, it was Ōno's dream to play for Gifu powerhouse, Gifu Commercial High School, but as many of his Gifu representative teammates were thinking the same thing, Ōno entered Gifu Sōgō Gakuen High School instead.
From his first year of high school, Ōno was a regular at third base. In fall, the team's catcher damaged his shoulder and Ōno converted to catcher. Two years in a row, Ōno was able to help lead his team to an appearance in the final of the Gifu prefectural tournament, but both times they would be bundled out with the final team he faced being Gifu Commercial High School. Throughout his high school career, Ōno hit 29 homeruns.
Following graduation from high school, Ōno enrolled at Toyo University where he was on the bench in his first spring behind junior year catcher, Daisuke Tanaka. From spring of his sophomore year, Ōno became the regular catcher for the team and helped the team to its fourth consecutive season win and second consecutive Meiji Jingu Baseball Tournament win. In spring of his senior year, he was named the first catcher in 22 years to be named MVP and was named in the best 9 for 4 straight season from spring of his sophomore year. In the Tohto University Baseball League, Ōno played in 55 games racking up 43 hits, a batting average of .259 with 6 homeruns and 19 RBIs.
On 30 October 2008, Ōno was the first round pick for the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters at the 2008 NPB Draft and signed a provisional contract with a ¥100 million sign-on bonus and a ¥13 million yearly salary. It was the first time the Fighters had selected a catcher in the first round since 1998 and only the second in their history.
Professional career
Nippon Ham Fighters
Rookie Year
Ōno was assigned to the first team in 2009 spring training and stayed that way up to opening day. On April 5, he made his debut against the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. On April 11, he made his starting debut against the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and helped lead Shugo Fujii to keeping runs off the board. From then on, Ōno became the preferred catcher for Fujii and aside from starts from Tomoya Yagi and Yu Darvish who preferred Shinya Tsuruoka, he started in more games. In August, Ōno caught influenza and was absent for the team for a short time. Over the course of his rookie season, Ōno was not deregistered from the team even once. On November 5, he became the first rookie catcher to start in the 2009 Japan Series.
2010–2013
In 2010, Ōno would once again battle with Tsuruoka for the first-team mask. Even though Fujii had moved to the Yomiuri Giants in the off-season, Ōno became the main catcher for southpaws and that year, 14-winner Masaru Takeda allowing him to make even more appearances. Also, different from his rookie year, Ōno was given starts to catch for Yagi and Darvish.
In 2011, as Tsuruoka suffered injury before the start of the season, Ōno played in all games until his return. But once Tsuruoka did make his return he tended to be more favoured and Ōno's chances were harder to come by. On October 15, due to back pain, he experienced his first ever de-registration from the first team but made his comeback in the first game of the Pacific League Climax Series. Compared to previous seasons, Ōno's performance with the bat dropped considerably but he led the league in runners thrown out percentage with .323.
The following year, Ōno would once again share time behind the plate with Tsuruoka acting as the primary catcher for Brian Wolfe and Takeda, but due to poor batting form and Tsuruoka's good form, Tsuruoka would take over as the primary catcher. As a result, on July 4, Ōno was deregistered from the first team for the first time not related to injury. Ten days later on July 14, Ōno would return to the top team but would only catch for Wolfe and Keisuke Tanimoto leading to his poorest yearly statistics up until that point. In the off-season, Ōno would change his number to 2 as worn by club legends Shinji Takahashi and Michihiro Ogasawara.
In 2013, competition with Tsuruoka would continue but with injury sidelining Tsuruoka in June, Ōno's appearances increased over the tail end of the season. He would hit over .250 with an OPS of over .700 to mark his best batting totals to date while on the defensive side he was the only catcher in NPB to have throw runners out with over a 40% success rate at .421.
2014–2017
With Tsuruoka's departure to the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks via free agency in the 2013 off-season, Ōno was given the starting day mask for the first time since 2011. But due to poor hitting once more, May addition from the Giants, Yuya Ichikawa saw more time behind the plate but following the end of May, competition would return to normal with Ōno and Ichikawa sharing duties. On May 17 in a game against the Chiba Lotte Marines with the scores tied at 1–1 in the 11th inning, Ōno hit his career first walk-off home run off Takahiro Matsunaga. Over the course of the season, Ōno played in a career high of 105 games with a personal best 6 homeruns.
In 2015, Ōno started the season on the farm after suffering from elbow pain but returned to the first team on April 28, making his first appearance on May 4. 2014's back-up catcher, Ichikawa also underwent surgery for a hernia problem leaving no senior catcher with the top team. In the first team, Ryō Ishikawa and Kensuke Kondō filled in behind the plate, with Ōno playing a support role until he returned to fill fitness. From June, Ōno's appearances increased while in July, Kondō was made designated hitter due to his batting prowess. With the return of Ichikawa, Ōno went back to sharing the plate. For the first time since turning pro, Ōno ended the season with zero homeruns. At the end of the season, he was made captain of the team after Naoki Miyanishi stepped down. He would also give up the 2 jersey to Kenshi Sugiya while changing to the 27 left open by the retirement of Satoshi Nakajima.
The following year, Ōno would have one of his most successful seasons and returned as starting day catcher for the first time in two years. He would proceed to hit his first homer in two years against Kodai Senga on April 23 against the SoftBank Hawks. On July 8 against the Lotte Marines, he would hit homers in back-to-back plate appearances and would otherwise end his season with personal best hitting figures.
In 2017, Ōno would play in 83 games, however due to a right elbow injury, only batted .221 with 3 homeruns and 13 RBI including a .098 percentage of runners thrown out. With the team finishing the season 5th, on October 16 underwent endoscopic elbow surgery which was ultimately successful. Ōno, eligible for free agency, would elect to explore the market on November 9 with negotiations with the Fighters ongoing. At this point, hometown team, Chunichi Dragons entered the race for his services after making public their desire to improve their catching stocks and on December 9, the move was finalised.
Chunichi Dragons
2018–Present
On December 9, 2017, the Dragons revealed they had captured Ōno's signature having agreed to a 3-year, ¥250 million deal and receiving the 27 jersey previously worn by Motonobu Tanishige.
In the 2018 season, Ōno's shoulder flared up, restricting him to only 50 appearances with Masato Matsui taking over as main catcher for the majority of season.
In 2019, Ōno was on the starting day roster but due to the rise of Takuma Katō and the re-occurrence of his right elbow pain, he was de-registered from the first team on May 31. On August 25, Ōno returned to the first team but ended the season with a career low of 34 games.
International career
On October 18, 2016, Ōno was called up to the Japanese national baseball team for exhibition games against the Netherlands and Mexico. On November 12, he would hit a walk-off single to win the game.
Ōno was selected for the 2017 World Baseball Classic however only played in one game against China in the first round.
Play style
Fighters pitching coach Kazuyuki Atsuzawa described Ōno's ability to lead in comparison to Shinya Tsuruoka as similar to motherly figure, Kakaadenka.
While providing excellent lead from behind the plate, Ōno's biggest weapon is his pop-time and his flat throws. In addition to his strong arm, his "catching ability is good" so that makes his throw-out percentage high. However, from 2017 onwards with his elbow injury in the background, his ability to throw out runners has significantly decreased.
External links
, NPB
References
1987 births
Living people
Baseball people from Gifu Prefecture
Toyo University alumni
Japanese baseball players
Nippon Professional Baseball catchers
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters players
Chunichi Dragons players
2017 World Baseball Classic players
People from Ōgaki |
Croton Township is a civil township of Newaygo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,042 at the 2000 census. Known as the "Party Capital" of Mid-Michigan, Croton lies on the banks of the majestic Muskegon River. Nestled between the Croton Dam and Hardy Dam, an artificial lake is created which plays hosts to world-class fishing, boating, and natural scenery. Often, referred to as "Michigan's Secret Paradise" Croton is lauded as a quiet get away, especially during the warm summer months.
Communities
Croton is a former village in the township. It was settled in 1840 originally called Muskegeon Forks. It was platted in 1854 and incorporated as a village in 1870. Its post office closed down in 1908. It was named after Croton, New York.
Riverview is a small unincorporated community situated on the Croton Dam Pond in the Muskegon River where the Little Muskegon River joins the main stream. It is in the midst of the Manistee National Forest at approximately 35 miles north of Grand Rapids.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (6.38%) is water.
The Croton Dam on the Muskegon River is located in the township.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,042 people, 1,222 households, and 874 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 1,696 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 96.84% White, 0.39% African American, 0.79% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.85% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.64% of the population.
There were 1,222 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $41,596, and the median income for a family was $48,229. Males had a median income of $40,219 versus $22,717 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,036. About 5.2% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Croton Township
Croton-Hardy Business Alliance
Townships in Newaygo County, Michigan
Grand Rapids metropolitan area
Townships in Michigan |
Aluf Ram Rothberg (; born February 5, 1964) is an admiral in the Israel Defense Forces who was the head of the Israel Navy.
Service history
Rothberg commanded the Flotilla 13 special forces unit from 2001 to 2004 and presided over some of its most notable operations, such as the raid on the Karin A arms smuggling ship in January 2002.
He later served as the Chief of Naval Intelligence during the Second Lebanon War and was reprimanded by then-Chief of Staff Dan Halutz for the 14 July 2006 attack on the Israeli corvette INS Hanit. An Iranian-supplied C-802 anti-ship missile fired by Hezbollah hit the warship, whose crew was apparently unaware that the Lebanese group possessed such weapons. The strike left four sailors dead and the ship temporarily disabled. Rothberg was criticized over his contribution to the failure, but later was promoted to the position of commander of the Navy's Haifa base.
Afterwards, Rothberg served in the Israeli National Security Council.
Commander of the Israeli Navy
On 4 August 2011, Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak approved his appointment as the next head of the Israel Navy, after being nominated by IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz. He is to be promoted in rank to Major General (Aluf). He replaced Vice-Admiral Eliezer Marom, who retired after serving in the IDF for 37 years. He was not the front runner for the post and the appointment was received with surprise by military officials.
On 10 October 2011, in a ceremony held at the Haifa naval base, Rothberg entered his role as commander of the Israel Navy.
In 2012, Rothberg was investigated for an April Fool's Day joke. Shortly before April Fool's Day, Rothberg ordered senior commanders to prepare for a complex, 10-day exercise in Italy with the US and Italian navies. Intending to keep the joke among senior officers, he ordered the news be kept at the senior command level, but the information leaked to lower officers, who worked throughout the night to prepare. Three missile ships and their crews were readied at Haifa naval base and officers worked to chart a course to Italy. Sailors' parents also rushed to the base to give them supplies and money. By the time Rothberg admitted that it was a joke, the three warships were ready to set sail, and crews were standing at attention on deck.
Rothberg personally led operation Full Disclosure of March 2014 from INS Hanit.
On 27 September 2016, Rothberg ended his role as a commander of the Israel Navy.
References
Living people
Israeli Navy generals
Israeli Jews
1964 births |
Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii is a marine bacterium.
History
Alteromonas elyakovii was isolated from the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus in Troitsa Bay in 1985. In 2000, A. elyakovii was reclassified as Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii along with five strains of bacteria which had been isolated from the seaweed Laminaria japonica.
References
External links
Type strain of Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Alteromonadales |
The 2014–15 UMBC Retrievers women's basketball team will represent the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in the America East Conference. The Retrievers were led by thirteenth year head coach Phil Stern and will once again play their home games in the Retriever Activities Center. They finished the season 12–19, 6–10 in America East play for a seventh-place finish. They advance to the semifinals of the 2015 America East women's basketball tournament which they lost to Albany.
Media
All non-televised home games and conference road games will stream on either ESPN3 or AmericaEast.tv. Most road games will stream on the opponents website. Select games will be broadcast on the radio on WQLL-1370 AM.
Roster
Schedule
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!colspan=12 style="background:#000000; color:#FFC20F;"| Regular season
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!colspan=12 style="background:#FFC20F; color:#000000;"| 2015 America East tournament
See also
2014–15 UMBC Retrievers men's basketball team
UMBC Retrievers women's basketball
References
UMBC
UMBC Retrievers women's basketball seasons
UMBC
UMBC |
The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion is the second studio album by American rock band the Black Crowes, released on May 12, 1992. It was the first album by the band to feature Marc Ford on lead guitar, replacing Jeff Cease, who was fired the year before, and the first to feature keyboardist Eddie Harsch. The album's name derives from the full name of the Southern Harmony, an influential 1835 hymnal compiled by William Walker.
Release
It was a record for an album to feature four album rock number-one hits (previously set by Tom Petty in 1989, with three). The album itself reached the top spot of the Billboard 200 album chart, propelled by the success of these singles.
Reception
In 2005, The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion was ranked number 477 in Rock Hard magazine's book The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time.
In 2006, the album was ranked number 100 on Guitar World magazine's list of the greatest 100 guitar albums of all time.
Track listing
Personnel
The Black Crowes
Chris Robinson – vocals, percussion, blues harp, guitar
Rich Robinson – guitar
Marc Ford – guitar
Johnny Colt – bass guitar
Steve Gorman – drums
Eddie Harsch – keyboards
Additional musicians
Chris Trujillo – congas
Barbara Mitchell and Taj Harmon (now Taj Artis) – choir
Production
Pete Angelus – personal manager
The Black Crowes – producer
George Drakoulias – producer
Janet Levinson – art direction
Brendan O'Brien – engineer, mixing
Chris Robinson – art direction
Mark Seliger – photography
Howie Weinberg - mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
The Black Crowes albums
1992 albums
Albums produced by George Drakoulias |
Mispila sonthianae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, native to Laos. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1963.
References
sonthianae
Beetles described in 1963 |
The incarnations of Aries are fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters were usually depicted as members of incarnations of the supervillain group, the Zodiac.
In the history of the Marvel Universe, seven different characters have assumed the role of Aries. All of them have been members of the villainous Zodiac and used horns on their head to ram their opponents. The third Aries was a Life Model Decoy created by Jake Fury. The second and fourth Aries' were African-American.
Publication history
The original human Aries, Marcus Lassiter, first appeared in The Avengers #72 (Jan. 1970), and was created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Sal Buscema. The character subsequently appears in The Avengers #82 (Nov. 1970), in which he is killed.
The second human Aries, Grover Raymond, first appeared in The Avengers #120-123 (Feb.–May 1974), and was created by Steve Englehart and Bob Brown. The character subsequently appears in Ghost Rider #7 (August 1974), and Captain America #177-178 (September–October 1974), in which he is killed.
Aries appeared as part of the "Zodiac" entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #20.
Fictional character biography
Marcus Lassiter
Nothing is known about how Lassiter joined the Cartel or any of his dealings with their group prior to their first battle with the Avengers.
In order to take down the Zodiac Cartel Nick Fury, disguised as Scorpio captured the Avengers. He called the Cartel for a meeting in order to present the Avengers to them. The Avengers managed to break free before the Cartel could execute them. Fury unmasked himself and joined the heroes in fighting off the Zodiac Cartel. Aries managed to claim the Zodiac Key, and led the Cartel to their escape through a hole in the wall.
Lassiter led the reorganization of the Cartel and its planning to take over Manhattan. A mercenary group in the Zodiac's employ was sent to Avengers Mansion and was able to subdue the Avengers who were subsequently put into stasis. The Aries-led Zodiac army was able to take over Manhattan. Aries used the Zodiac Key to entrapping it within a force field. The Cartel demanded one billion dollars or they threatened to kill the entire population of Manhattan. The Black Panther and Daredevil managed to free the Avengers, and, in the ensuing battle, Aries was apparently slain. Thor destroyed his vessel with a bolt of lightning. The rest of the Zodiac Cartel escaped capture.
Grover Raymond
Grover Raymond was recruited by Taurus to replace Marcus Lassiter as Aries. The Zodiac Cartel decided to kill every person born under the sign of Gemini because they thought them to be untrustworthy. The Cartel was defeated by the Avengers who were able to destroy the Star-Blaster which the Zodiac was to use to fulfill their plans.
Following their defeat, Raymond was able to get the rest of the Cartel, except for Libra to back him in overthrowing Taurus as their leader. The renegade Zodiac met with Cornelius Van Lunt, the Cartel's financial backer, in an empty warehouse but were attacked by the Avengers during the meeting. Van Lunt fled, but revealed that he was Taurus and that the warehouse was, in fact, a rocketship which Taurus shot into space. The Vision was able to persuade the Zodiac to help the Avengers get back to Earth rather than continue their battle. Upon their return to earth, the Avengers turned Aries and the other Zodiac, except for Libra, over to the authorities. Except for Taurus, all the Cartel ended up in prison.
While in prison, Raymond was visited by Lucifer, who had possessed the body of Rafe Michel, a criminal. In order to keep his power from consuming a single body, Lucifer offered to divide his power. Raymond agreed, and gained some of Lucifer's strength, along with his costume. They did battle with the Falcon, but managed to escape to Mr. Morgan. Morgan asked the two to kill the Falcon.
The two Lucifers attacked, but were defeated by the Falcon. Raymond-Lucifer led the other to Lucifer's base, where they revived Lucifer's undamaged Ultra-Robots and sent them to attack the Falcon. The Falcon, though, was helped by an uncostumed Captain America, who defeated the Lucifers and destroyed the Ultra-Robots. Still unable to contain Lucifer's energies, both host bodies died with Lucifer being sent back to the Nameless Dimension.
LMD
This version of Aries was a Life Model Decoy created along with an entirely new Zodiac in the Theatre of Genetics by Scorpio (aka Jake Fury). The Defenders attacked the Theatre and Scorpio was forced to activated the LMD Zodiac prematurely. The Aries LMD rushed into battle but was hampered by his clumsiness and recklessness. During the battle Moon Knight and Nighthawk were able to cause Aries to slam into a wall knocking it unconscious. The Aries LMD was taken into S.H.I.E.L.D. custody following the battle.
Later, Aries and the rest of the LMD Zodiac, led by Quicksilver, battled the Avengers whom Quicksilver was attempting to frame for treason. During an underwater battle near Avengers Mansion with a team of the heroes, the Aries and Taurus LMDs were flung out into the river and apprehended by the authorities.
After being released from prison, Aries and the rest of the LMD Zodiac attacked and killed all the human Zodiac Cartel except for Cornelius Van Lunt (aka Taurus). Soon after the LMD Zodiac attempted to rob the Denver Mint, but were interrupted by the West Coast Avengers. During the battle the Scorpio LMD brought both the Zodiac and the Avengers to the Ankh Dimension, but this had the unwanted result of shutting down all the LMDs, leaving them immobile in that foreign dimension.
Oscar Gordon
Not much is known about this version of Aries or how he joined the Zodiac Cartel. He likely was invited by Cornelius Van Lunt as done previously. Taurus later the second version of Aquarius and this incarnation of Aries tried to kill Iron Man (James Rhodes), but both failed. In their battle, Aries was defeated and turned over to the authorities. He was killed by the LMD versions of the Zodiac.
Ecliptic Aries
This incarnation of Aries was a product of genetic engineering recruited by Scorpio who was working for the Ecliptic. This version of Zodiac was sent by Scorpio to steal the Nth Projector from Department H. During their mission they were attacked and defeated by Alpha Flight, but were able to escape.
Soon after, the Director of Weapon X sent a Weapon X team to the Zodiac's castle headquarters to retrieve Madison Jeffries who had become one of the Zodiac's Gemini twins. The Zodiac were defeated and Jeffries was recovered. The Zodiac were drained of their life energy by Sauron and, after the creature had left, Weapon X blew up the castle leaving the Zodiac for dead.
Thanos' Aries
The sixth Aries is a criminal recruited and empowered by Thanos to recover various alien artifacts scattered around Earth. He battles the Avengers with the rest of the new Zodiac organization, but is eventually de-powered when Thanos no longer needs him leaving him and the other Zodiac members for dead on the self-destructing Helicarrier.
Marauders' Aries
A mutant version of Aries appears as a member of Mister Sinister's Marauders. He was traveling through the sewers with his fellow Marauders in an attempt to capture Nightcrawler. He found Nightcrawler and charged at him with his horns only for Nightcrawler to teleport the both of them where Aries ran straight into his teammates Azimuth, Chimera, and Coda. A fight broke out until Nightcrawler was knocked out by Azimuth.
Powers and abilities
The first and second Aries wore a pair of ram's horns upon their heads which they could use to ram opponents in battle. The second often carried a Star-Blazer, a pistol which could fire energy blasts. While possessed by Lucifer, his body was charged with ionic energy, granting him superhuman strength.
The third Aries possessed a pair of horns on its head, enhanced strength, and would attempt to ram its opponents in battle. In its most recent form, it also wore a suit of protective armor, and could project fire from its horns. As a LMD, it could also exist underwater.
The fourth Aries wore horns on his head which he could use to ram opponents.
The fifth Aries, as with all Aries, had horns on his head which he could use to ram opponents.
The sixth Aries possessed superhuman strength, had horns, wielded a gun, and used the Zodiac's teleportation.
The seventh Aries wore a special suit provided by Thanos which gave him super-strength and enabled him to assume the form of a humanoid ram.
In other media
Aries appears in The Avengers: United They Stand, voiced by Tony Daniels. This version is a member of Zodiac and an alien with incredible strength.
Aries appears in the Marvel Anime: Iron Man episode "Reap the Whirlwind" as a tornado-generating robot utilized by Zodiac and made from research on a weather manipulation project provided by the disgruntled Professor Michelini. It hunts and kills other scientists linked to the project, then attacks a military base and defeats Iron Man when he arrives to stop it. During Aries' attack on the Yokosuka Base, it kills Michelini, but Iron Man uses an EMP cannon to defeat it.
Aries-inspired foot soldiers appear in Ultimate Spider-Man as members of Zodiac.
References
External links
Aries I at Marvel Wiki
Aries II at Marvel Wiki
Aries III at Marvel Wiki
Aries IV at Marvel Wiki
Aries VI at Marvel Wiki
Aries VII at Marvel Wiki
Aries (Marauders version) at Marvel Wiki
Characters created by Al Milgrom
Characters created by Brian Michael Bendis
Characters created by Keith Giffen
Characters created by Mark Bagley
Characters created by Roy Thomas
Characters created by Sal Buscema
Characters created by Steve Englehart
Comics characters introduced in 1970
Comics characters introduced in 1974
Comics characters introduced in 1977
Comics characters introduced in 1984
Comics characters introduced in 1987
Comics characters introduced in 1998
Comics characters introduced in 2012
Fictional African-American people
Fictional henchmen
Marvel Comics supervillains |
Jean-Paul Audet, (December 7, 1918 – November 12, 1993) was a French Canadian academic and philosopher.
He was a professor and former head of the Université de Montréal's Department of Philosophy.
In 1988, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his "contribution to the field of theology". In 1969, he was awarded the Molson Prize. In 1970, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
Bibliography
(reprint)
(reprint)
(reprint)
(reprint)
External links
Biography
Bibliography at Les Editions des Sources
1918 births
1993 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Academics in Quebec
Canadian non-fiction writers in French
20th-century Canadian philosophers |
Rimavské Janovce () is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Rimavská Sobota District |
Florence is a city in and the county seat of Florence County, South Carolina, United States. It lies at the intersection of Interstates 20 and 95 and is the eastern terminus of the former. It is the primary city within the Florence metropolitan area. The area forms the core of the historical Pee Dee region of South Carolina, which includes the eight counties of northeastern South Carolina, along with sections of southeastern North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 39,899, making it the 10th most populous city in the state.
Florence is one of the major cities in South Carolina. In 1965, Florence was named an All-American City, presented by the National Civic League. The city was founded as a railroad hub and became the junction of three major railroad systems, including the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northeastern, and the Cheraw and Darlington.
History
The City of Florence was chartered in 1871 by the Reconstruction government and incorporated in 1890 following the 1888 creation of Florence County. Prior to its charter, the city was part of one of the original townships laid out by the Lords Proprietors in 1719. The area was gradually settled through the late 19th and early 20th century. Early settlers practiced subsistence farming and produced indigo, cotton, naval stores and timber, which were shipped down the Great Pee Dee River to the port at Georgetown and exported. In the mid-19th century two intersecting railroads were built, the Wilmington and Manchester, and the Northeastern. General William Harllee, the president of the W & M, built his home at the junction, and named the community "Florence", after his daughter.
American Civil War
During the Civil War, the town was an important supply and railroad repair center for the Confederacy, and the site of the Florence Stockade, which held between 12,000 and 18,000 Union prisoners of war. Over 2,800 of the prisoners died of disease, and the burial ground adjacent to the prison became the Florence National Cemetery after the war and now has expanded.
Early 20th century
After the war, Florence grew and prospered, using the railroad to supply its cotton, timber, and by the turn of the century, tobacco. During the 20th century the economy of Florence came to rely heavily on the healthcare industry, driven by two major hospitals and a number of pharmaceutical plants. Industry grew, especially after World War II, when Florence became increasingly known for textiles, pharmaceuticals, paper, and manufacturing, in addition to agricultural products.
Downtown revitalization
In 2010, the city of Florence began a massive redevelopment of Downtown Florence. The city has completed several notable projects and has several more planned. The Downtown Redevelopment District was originally a seventy square block area encompassing some in the heart of the City of Florence, but now has added over 100 more acres of the Timrod Park area with its historic homes. The redevelopment of Florence has even created a new branding effort, to include new city department logos (not to be confused with the city seal) way finding signs and repainting of water towers.
The historic downtown district running from the central business district toward the McLeod Medical Center, features a number of historic buildings that have been rehabilitated. The redevelopment started with the $18 million Drs. Bruce and Lee Foundation Library, and today now has the new Florence Little Theater, some 60 new apartments and the Francis Marion University Performing Arts Center which opened in September 2011, as well the new Florence Museum of Art, Science & History which opened October 11, 2014. New office space has emerged from once abandoned buildings, and a police substation was added on once crime-ridden Dargan Street.
Special efforts are being aimed at the downtown area, which was once the center of the city's activity but remains dormant after retailers and shoppers left for suburban malls. The goal is to re-establish Evans as a vibrant commercial and residential corridor, and five blocks of Evans Street will be streetscaped.
Geography
Florence is located in the coastal plain of South Carolina. It is in the northeastern part of the state and the northern part of Florence County. The average elevation above sea level is around . Jeffries Creek is a tributary of the Great Pee Dee River and is the main waterway that flows through the city, passing south of the city center. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.38%) is water.
Climate
The climate experienced is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa) of the type found in the deep south, especially far from the coast. Autumn, winter and spring are mild, with occasional winter nights below freezing but rarely features extended cold and rigorous conditions. Florence's summers can be very hot and humid. The city, like others in the Southeast, is prone to inversions, which trap ozone and other pollutants over the area.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 39,899 people, 15,624 households, and 9,671 families residing in the city.
2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 30,248 people, 11,925 households, and 7,882 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 13,090 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 50.0% White, 46.0% Black or African- American, 0.18% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.76% of the population.
There were 11,925 households, out of which 30.2% had children living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,388, and the median income for a family was $42,250. Males had a median income of $35,633 versus $23,589 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,336. Of the population 19.3% and 15.3% of families, and 28.2% of those under and 15.9% of those 65 and older, were living below the poverty line.
Florence is the central city of a metropolitan area with a total population of 205,566 (2010 US census), including the entire populations of Florence and Darlington counties. However, in the more detailed 2000 Census data, only about 54% of this metro was urbanized, consisting of the urban areas Florence (2000 pop.: 67,314), Hartsville (14,907), Darlington (12,066), and Lake City (8,728). The remainder of the Florence metro is considered rural.
Religion
Like other midsize cities in the southern United States, Florence's population is largely dominated by Protestantism, the largest group being the Southern Baptists, followed by the Methodists. The rest of the population are distributed among other Protestant denominations as well as the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. The Greek Orthodox Church holds a large Greek Festival annually in September. There is one Reform Judaism synagogue in Florence, Beth Israel Congregation. There is also a small Hindu temple.
Government
The city of Florence has a council-manager form of government. City council members are elected every four years, without term limits. The council consists of seven members (three from districts and three at-large), as well as the mayor. The council responsible for making policies and enacting laws, rules and regulations in order to provide for future community and economic growth. The council additionally provides the necessary support for the orderly and efficient operation of city services. Florence holds elections for mayor every four years, alongside national Presidential elections. Mayors serve as a member of the city council, without term limits. The council appoints a city manager to serve as chief administrative officer to run the day-to-day business of the city and to serve at the pleasure of the council.
Current members of the Florence City Council:
Economy
During the latter part of the 20th century and early 21st century, Florence's economy was transformed from being based largely on rail and farming into a diversified economy as the major commerce, finance, rail and trucking services, health care, and industrial center of the Eastern Carolinas. There are over nine foreign affiliated companies and fourteen Fortune 500 companies in the region. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the Florence metropolitan statistical area was $6.8 billion, one of the highest among MSAs in the state.
Milken Institute 2008 Best Performing Cities Index showed the Florence MSA as the 5th largest gainer in their evaluation of the top 124 small metropolitan areas in the United States. The report ranks U.S. metropolitan areas by how well they are creating and sustaining jobs and economic growth. The components include job, wage and salary and technology growth.
Florence has blossomed into a strong center for medical care, with four major medical providers McLeod Regional Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina Hospital, Regency Hospital and HealthSouth. The growth of these providers has led to the transformation of the Florence skyline over the last 10 years, with development for demand with multi-story high-rises as well as community relation projects.
With such a strong medical community several companies have their global, continental, or national headquarters in Florence, including GE Healthcare manufacturing operations (MRI manufacturing), TRICARE, a supplemental insurance company that serves the US Armed Forces and its civilian employees, and Assurant, a real property and personal insurance company. The city also serves the pharmaceutical industry, with a Patheon pharmaceutical manufacturing facility and research and development center for Patheon API Services.
Florence also serves as the financial and service hub for the Eastern Carolinas, with many financial and professional management institutions invested heavily within the city. Companies with regional operations and headquarters include Truist Financial, Monster.com, Otis Elevator, CSX Transportation and Wells Fargo. Florence has operation headquarters for AT&T and is the southeastern headquarters of Duke Energy Inc.
Florence has benefited from being located at the intersection of I-95 and I-20, approximately halfway between New York City and Miami, Florida. The city is located east from the state capital Columbia, west from Myrtle Beach, north of Charleston, and southeast of Charlotte, North Carolina. This has allowed Florence to remain competitive and bringing in and sustaining major manufacturers such as, General Electric, Honda, QVC Distribution Center and Otis Elevator.
Education
Public schools
The Florence Public School District One is the governing body of the public schools in the area. , the district has an active enrollment of 14,500 students, attending a total of 20 schools, including 13 elementary schools, 4 middle schools, and 3 high schools serving the City of Florence, Effingham and Quinby areas. The school system also supports an alternative school for middle and/or high school students, a vocational career center, and an adult learning center. The district and its schools have been recognized as being among the state's best with numerous awards, including the Palmetto's Finest Award.
Private schools
All Saints' Episcopal Day School (PK–6)
Florence Christian School (PK–12)
Maranatha Christian School (PK–12)
Montessori School of Florence (PK–6)
The King's Academy (PK–12)
Saint Anthony Catholic School (PK–8)
Trinity Collegiate School (6–12)
Higher education
Facilities of higher education in and around Florence include Francis Marion University and Florence–Darlington Technical College. Francis Marion University is a public university located in Florence, while Florence–Darlington Technical College, located in Florence, also operates satellite campuses in Hartsville, Lake City and Mullins.
Library
Florence has a public library, a branch of the Florence County Library System. The Florence County Public Library has a room, the South Carolina Room, dedicated to South Carolina history and genealogy.
Healthcare
McLeod Regional Medical Center is a 453-bed non-profit medical center located on a campus in downtown Florence. The hospital complex in downtown contains the Cardiovascular Institute, the Center for Advanced Surgery, the Cancer Center, and the only specialized pediatrics unit in the northeastern portion of South Carolina. It encompasses acute care facilities, such as McLeod Regional Medical Center in Florence, McLeod Medical Center in Dillon, McLeod Medical Center in Darlington, and also operates campuses all over the Pee Dee region of South Carolina.
The Medical University of South Carolina Florence, formerly Carolinas Hospital System, a regional healthcare facility with 420-beds, serves eight counties in northeastern South Carolina.
Regency Hospital opened in Florence in July 2001. It is a 40-bed Long Term Acute Care (LTAC) hospital located on the fourth and fifth floors of the Cedar Towers, at 121 Cedar Street. Regency, with its corporate office based in Alpharetta, Georgia, has 20 hospitals nationwide, and continues to aggressively grow throughout the country.
McLeod Regional Medical Center and MUSC Florence are the first and third largest employers in the Pee Dee region of South Carolina.
Transportation
Highways
is a six-lane freeway that enters the city from the northeast, and exits southwest. The highway leads northeast to Fayetteville, North Carolina, and southwest to Savannah, Georgia.
is a four-lane interstate highway, which enters the city from the west and has a terminus in Florence as (David McLeod Blvd ). Interstate 20 leads west to Columbia, then on to Atlanta and ultimately Texas.
is a north to south route through the downtown area. The highway crosses Interstate 95 northwest of the downtown area and leads north to Winston-Salem, North Carolina. To the south it merges with US 301 and eventually leads to Charleston.
enters the city from the west at Interstate 95, then merges with David McLeod Blvd at Palmetto Street, and finally exits east of the city at the junction with Freedom Blvd. The road leads southwest to Sumter and east to Wilmington, North Carolina.
offers another northeast to southwest route through Florence. Entering the city merged with US 52 as South Irby Street, it then forms a crescent-shaped bypass around the downtown area as Freedom Boulevard. US 301 then merges with US 76 east of downtown Florence, and exits as such.
Mass transit
The Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority (PDRTA) is the principal agency responsible for operating mass transit in greater Florence area including Darlington, Marion, Chesterfield, Dillon, and the Lake City area. PDRTA also operates routes to Columbia, Myrtle Beach and Sumter.
PDRTA operates express shuttles, and bus service serving Florence and its immediate surrounding areas. The authority was established in June 1974; it is South Carolina's oldest and largest RTA. PDRTA began operations serving the six-county Pee Dee region of Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Marion, and Marlboro Counties. The PDRTA has provided transportation for more than 15 million passengers, and transports approximately 2,457 people daily. It operates services with 165 vehicles ranging in size from transit, intercity buses, and trolleys to lift-equipped vans and goshens.
Air
The city and its surroundings are served by Florence Regional Airport (IATA: FLO; ICAO: KFLO), which is located east of downtown Florence on US 76. The airport itself is serviced by American Eagle to Charlotte and is the second busiest airport in the region behind Myrtle Beach International Airport. It is located an hour west of Myrtle Beach.
Intercity rail
Amtrak's The Palmetto trains 89, 90 and Silver Meteor (trains 97, 98) connect Florence with the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore, Washington, Jacksonville, Orlando, and Miami. Additionally the Florence station also serves as the refueling and crew changing point for Amtrak's Auto Train service which operates service between Sanford station in Florida and Lorton station Virginia, Passengers may temporarily disembark the train to smoke, get some air or walk their service animals.
Intercity bus
Greyhound Lines and Southeastern Stages operates a station on Irby Street, in the southern part of downtown, providing Florence with intercity bus transportation.
Sports
Baseball
Baseball has a long history in Florence, dating back to the 1920s when the Florence Swamp Foxes were founded. The minor league Florence Steelers played in Florence from 1948 to 1950. The Toronto Blue Jays had a minor league team that played in Florence from 1981 to 1986. Major league players Pat Borders, Jimmy Key, Cecil Fielder and Fred McGriff made stops in Florence during their minor league careers. Florence's Post 1 American Legion baseball team is one of the longest tenured teams in the state, beginning in 1932. Drawing the best high school talent from all over the Pee Dee area each summer, Post 1 has had over 30 players move on the professional ranks, including Reggie Sanders. They have won over 30 league titles and six state championships. They were the host site of the 2008 American Legion State Tournament. In 2012, Post 1 won the South Carolina state tournament and the Southeast Regional and participated in the American Legion World Series in Shelby, North Carolina.
Florence is home to the Coastal Plain League Florence Flamingos summer collegiate baseball team. Relocated to Florence in 1998, the team brings in players from collegiate sports conferences, including the Southeastern Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference. The team hosted the 2004 All-Star game and Home Run Derby. In 2007, they hosted the Petitt Cup Tournament at their home field.
The Flamingos play at the 1,755-capacity Sparrow Stadium at Francis Marion University. The stadium is also hosts some home games for the Florence–Darlington Technical College Stingers baseball team. Post 1 plays its home games at American Legion Field, adjacent to Memorial Stadium, where Florence's three public high schools play their home football games.
Carolina Bank Field is a baseball stadium being built as part of the Florence Sports Complex to host the Flamingos starting in 2022.
Football
Until 2009, Florence was home to the American Indoor Football league's Florence Phantoms, which debuted in the league in 2006. The Phantoms played in the Florence Civic Center. Florence Memorial Stadium is a 7,000 seat football stadium to the east of the city. It is the home stadium for West Florence, Wilson, and South Florence high schools. There was an arena football team too, briefly, but its contract to play at the Florence Center was not renewed.
Hockey
Florence was also home to the Southern Professional Hockey League's now-Twin City Cyclones, who played from 2005 to 2007. This team was part of a two event package in 2004 to replace the now defunct Pee Dee Pride (to be the Myrtle Beach Thunderboltz) from the ECHL. The building was also the home of the South Carolina Fire Ants of Major League Roller Hockey in 1998.
Media
Florence and Grand Strand share a common defined market by Nielsen Media Research in Horry, Marion, Dillon, Darlington, Marlboro, Scotland, Robeson, and Florence counties. The Florence/Myrtle Beach Market is the 103rd largest market in the US as defined by Nielsen Media Research. CBS/MyNetworkTV affiliate WBTW 13, ABC/The CW affiliate WPDE-TV 15 and SCETV (PBS) outlet WJPM-TV 33 are licensed to Florence. NBC affiliate WMBF-TV 32 and Fox affiliate WFXB 43 are licensed to Myrtle Beach but also serve Florence. WBTW and WPDE have moved most of their operations to Myrtle Beach and Conway, respectively, due to the Grand Strand's larger population.
Florence, along with The Pee Dee Region, makes up the 217th largest radio market in the United States. Cumulus Media and iHeart Media, the largest and third-largest radio station ownership groups in the country, operate radio outlets in Florence.
The Morning News is the largest daily paper published in the Pee Dee, with a readership base extending across several counties. The paper has been in existence since 1922 and is published by BH Media Group, a Berkshire Hathaway Company. The area is also served by several weekly papers, including the News Journal and the Community Times.
Notable people
Arts
Blackie Collins, author and knife maker
Graves of Valor, band
The Independents, band
William Johnson, artist
Taft Jordan, jazz trumpeter
Matt Laug, drummer
Trey Lorenz, musician
Philip B. Meggs, author and historian
Gillian Murphy, ballet dancer
Houston Person, musician
Padgett Powell, author
Doug Quattlebaum, Piedmont blues guitarist, singer and songwriter
Ruba Say, musician
Sequoyah Prep School, band
Through the Eyes of the Dead, band
Henry Timrod, so-called "poet laureate of the Confederacy"
Entertainment
K. Lee Graham, Miss South Carolina Teen USA 2013, Miss Teen USA 2014
Mark L. Walberg, television host
Politics and law
Beverly Daggett, politician
Alvin Greene, politician
Charles Weston Houck, judge
William C. James, Marine Brigadier general
Robin Tallon, politician
Sports
Michael Allen Anderson, professional baseball outfielder
Buddy Baker, NASCAR racecar driver
Ron Barfield Jr., NASCAR racecar driver
Brandon Bostick, professional football player (NFL)
Akeem Bostick, professional baseball player (MLB)
Harry Carson, professional football player (NFL)
Jim David, professional football player (NFL)
Fisher DeBerry, football coach
Darian Durant, professional football player (CFL)
Justin Durant, professional football player (NFL)
Malliciah Goodman, professional football player (NFL)
Clayton Holmes, professional football player (NFL)
Nick Nelson, professional football player (NFL)
Reggie Sanders, professional baseball player (MLB)
Lawrence Timmons, professional football player (NFL)
Ron Turner, swimming coach
Cale Yarborough, NASCAR driver, four-time Daytona 500 champion
See also
List of municipalities in South Carolina
References
External links
Official tourism website
Cities in South Carolina
County seats in South Carolina
Florence, South Carolina metropolitan area
Cities in Florence County, South Carolina |
Hibbertia stichodonta is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to coastal New South Wales. It is a small, spreading shrub with a few wiry, hairy branches, linear to oblong leaves and yellow flowers with 22 to 30 stamens arranged around three hairy carpels.
Description
Hibbertia stichodonta is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to and has a few spreading, wiry, hairy branches. The leaves are linear to oblong, mostly long and wide on a petiole long. The flowers are arranged singly on the ends of the branches and are sessile with linear, leaf-like bracts mostly long at the base. The five sepals are joined at the base, the outer sepal lobes long and about wide, the inner lobes broader. The five petals are broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, yellow, up to long with 22 to 30 stamens arranged around three hairy carpels, each carpel with four ovules. Flowering occurs from September to November.
Taxonomy
Hibbertia stichodonta was first formally described in 2013 by Hellmut R. Toelken in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens from specimens collected near Budgewoi in 1993. The specific epithet (stichodonta) "in-rows-toothed" referring to teeth on the lower sides of the leaves.
Distribution and habitat
This hibbertia grows in forest on low hills on the North and Central Coasts of New South Wales.
See also
List of Hibbertia species
References
stichodonta
Flora of New South Wales
Plants described in 2013
Taxa named by Hellmut R. Toelken |
Plaion (formerly Koch Media) is a German-Austrian media company headquartered in Höfen, Tyrol, Austria, with an operating subsidiary based in Planegg, Germany. The company was founded in 1994 by Franz Koch and Klemens Kundratitz. The company operates video game publishing labels Deep Silver, Prime Matter and Ravenscourt, the video game developers Warhorse Studios and Milestone, as well as a film distribution arm, Plaion Pictures. Koch Media's parent company, Koch Media Holding, was acquired by Swedish holding company Embracer Group (then known as THQ Nordic AB) in February 2018.
History
Early history (1994–2015)
Koch Media was founded in 1994 by Franz Koch (founder of Koch International) and his business partner, Klemens Kundratitz to market and distribute software. Koch Media operated out of offices in Germany and Austria, while a regional subsidiary, Koch Media Ltd., was opened in England. In 1995, Koch Media sold more than 250,000 software licenses, and in 1996, the company began distributing video games. Another regional subsidiary, Koch Media AG, was formed in Switzerland in 1998. A holding company, Koch Media Holding, was established in 2000 to unite Koch Media's business areas. The same year, Koch Media srl was formed as a regional subsidiary for Italy.
In 2002, Koch Media established Deep Silver as a video game publishing division to "complement games that [Koch Media] was distributing". A film division, Koch Home Entertainment, was announced in June 2003 and formally formed in early October. A game label for mass-market games, Fantastic.tv, was announced in November 2003. In October 2005, Koch Media acquired French distributor SG Diffusion, which had recently signed with NCsoft to distribute their game Guild Wars. SG Diffusion was renamed Koch Media SAS in January 2006. In February 2006, they established Koch Media Licensing GmbH as their license holding subsidiary. Another game label, named Spielen wir ( "Let's Play"), was created in July 2008 to publish casual games under. The same month, Koch Media acquired Proein, the Spanish distribution arm of SCi Entertainment, to undisclosed terms. Proein was renamed Koch Media S.L.U. in January 2009. Regional offices for Scandinavian and Benelux countries, operated by the England subsidiary, were opened in February and July that year, respectively. In March 2012, Koch Media had 250 employees. The creation of another game publishing label named Ravenscourt, focusing on simulation games, was announced in March 2015. In August 2015, Koch Media Licensing GmbH was renamed Koch Films GmbH and absorbed the operations of the former Koch Home Entertainment division.
Under Embracer Group (2018–present)
On 14 February 2018, Koch Media Holding was acquired by THQ Nordic AB (later known as Embracer Group), a Swedish video game holding company. The purchase agreement was signed at 8:00 AM, and the deal was announced that same day. The deal comprised a purchase price of , split into in cash paid at closure of the deal (which was expected to occur later on the same day), in stock to be paid by 15 June 2018, and another in cash to be paid by 14 August 2018. The total consideration for Koch Media's share capital amounted to on a cash and debt-free basis.
Koch and Kundratitz had owned 90% and 10% in the company, respectively, and both of them sold their shares, and THQ Nordic AB became the sole owner of the company. According to manager Reinhard Gratl, the sale primarily came about because Koch wanted to retire, and no one in his family was interested in taking over the business. He asked for all money to be paid to Koch Media instead of him, so the company could profit from the deal. Koch resigned from Koch Media on the same day. Koch Media's management, consisting of chief executive officer Kundratitz, chief financial officer Gratl and chief operating officer Stefan Kapelari, was subsequently joined by THQ Nordic AB's Erik Stenberg.
On 13 February 2019, Koch Media entered into an agreement to acquire Czech developer Warhorse Studios. Warhorse's game Kingdom Come: Deliverance had been co-published by Deep Silver exactly one year prior, and Koch Media paid , equal to Warhorse's 2018 earnings, to seize ownership over the studio and its intellectual property. The acquisition closed later that day. Also on the same day, it was announced that Koch Media had also acquired 18point2, an Australian publishing partner, for , aiming at establishing a stronger presence in the Australian market for Koch Media. The two acquisitions added 120 and 8 employees, respectively, to Koch Media's staff.
In June 2019, THQ Nordic AB acquired KSM GmbH, a German distributor of anime films, from its founder and chief executive officer (CEO), Benjamin Krause. KSM is to be merged into Koch Films. Also acquired was Gaya Entertainment, a merchandise production company; Nordic Games Group, a holding company controlled by THQ Nordic AB CEO Lars Wingefors, sold the subsidiary to THQ Nordic AB for at the end of the latter's first fiscal quarter of 2019. Gaya Entertainment is to be consolidated with Koch Media's operations. On 14 August 2019, Koch Media agreed to fully acquire racing game developer Milestone srl and all of its intellectual property for paid in cash. The acquisition was completed later that day.
Koch Films acquired Sola Media, a Stuttgart, Germany-based television-and-film licenser for children and family properties, in August 2020. Later that month, Koch Media opened offices in Hong Kong and Tokyo, both headed by Kundratitz, to expand publishing operations in Southeast Asia.
In September 2020, Koch Media acquired Vertigo Games, who develops, publishes, and distributes games exclusively for virtual reality platforms, including zombie survival FPS Arizona Sunshine and action FPS After the Fall.
In November 2020, Koch Media acquired Flying Wild Hog.
In March 2021, Koch Media signed a €50 million co-publishing deal with Starbreeze Studios to finance the production, release, and post-launch support of co-op shooter Payday 3, with Starbreeze Studios retaining ownership of the IP.
Koch Media opened a new publishing division, Prime Matter, in June 2021, operating from its Munich headquarters.
Rebranding as Plaion
On 4 August 2022, Koch Media rebranded themselves as Plaion. In October 2022, Plaion Pictures acquired British anime distribution company Anime Limited for an undisclosed sum. In May 2023, Gamesindustry.biz learned of plans to dissolve Deep Silver, Ravenscourt and Prime Matter, and consolidate the publishing business under the "Plaion" label.
Offices
As of February 2018, Plaion is headquartered in Höfen, a municipality with a population of roughly 1,200 people that is located in Austria's Tyrol region and close to Bavaria, Germany. In Höfen, Plaion occupies an office complex in which the company employs 150 people in various departments. The property, as well as an adjacent plot, is owned by Embracer Group. In Planegg, a municipality in Bavaria that is located close to Munich, Plaion operates a subsidiary branch also called Plaion GmbH.
Subsidiaries
Divested subsidiaries
See also
List of Deep Silver games
List of Prime Matter games
List of Ravenscourt games
References
External links
2018 mergers and acquisitions
Austrian companies established in 1994
Economy of Tyrol (state)
Embracer Group
Mass media companies established in 1994
Mass media companies of Austria |
To Make My Bread is a novel written by Grace Lumpkin about the Loray Mill strike. It was published in 1932. Lumpkin chronicles the McClures, a family of poor Appalachian tenant farmers, during the industrialization of the south. Released in the heart of the Great Depression, the story takes the McClures to the mill town of Leesville, North Carolina, after their land was taken by a logging corporation. Soon after their optimistic arrival induced by economic conditions, they find the worst is yet to come as they endure a new, challenging life of being a part of the exploited working class under mill management. The book won the Maxim Gorky Prize for Literature that year, too.
Plot summary
The novel begins in 1900 with the McClure family, which consists of Emma, the mother, her father Granpap, and Emma's children: Basil, Kirk, Bonnie, and John. They make their living in the Appalachian Mountains as farmers and bootleggers. The family is forced to live through a harsh winter with little food. It is apparent they must work hard for what they need. They are also poor, and must take credit at the general store to buy food.
As the family continues to barely subsist, the "outside" seems to be creeping closer to the isolated families of the Appalachian region. One day, a peddler from the outside comes to visits the McClures. He tells the family about a new mill in town where they are hiring many people. Granpap quickly dismisses him because he does not like the outsider.
The family struggles to make a living and challenging personal relationships often get in the way. Kirk is revealed to be a drunk and very poor at managing money. Kirk becomes involved with Minnie, and she is revealed to be pregnant, although it is unclear who the father is. Granpap is arrested for bootlegging and is sentenced to two years in jail. Basil decides to leave the family to gain an education.
Kirk is killed, and it appears that Sam McEachern is the one who shot him. Basil returns later asking for money for books at his school, and with the death of Kirk and Granpap in jail, money is very tight. Granpap decides that his family would move to Leesville to work in the mill to make more money.
When the families arrive at Leesville, they believe that working in the mill will provide them with more opportunities. Frank, Ora and Emma begin their jobs at the mill. In the fall, John and Bonnie start school. However, not long after that, Emma becomes ill and Bonnie and John are forced to begin working and leave school.
John begins a friendship with John Stevens, a veteran mill worker and union supporter. As Bonnie and John grow up, Bonnie marries Jim Calhoun. Emma's condition continues to worsen, and she dies. Later, Jim has and accident that precludes him from working, and he abandons his family. Granpap becomes ill and soon dies.
Working at the mill is hard on families. One day one of Bonnie's kids contracts pneumonia while she is at work and dies. Mary Allen, an African American worker, is sympathetic and sends her daughter to care for Bonnie's children.
John and Bonnie continue to work in the mill but they are unhappy with their situation. Workers' wages are cut and the number of positions reduced. As John has learned many things about unions he decides to unionize the workers and starts a strike. The workers picket outside the factory and are often jailed and beaten.
Bonnie is also involved in the unionization of workers. Because of her relationship with Mary Allen, Bonnie helps to make the union integrated so African Americans do not scab. John and the other union leaders decide to hold a rally. During the rally Bonnie is shot and killed. In the aftermath, John Stevens tells John, "This is just the beginning."
Characters
Granpap: Civil War veteran and bootlegger. Goes to jail for two years for bootlegging. He is too old to be able to work in the mills.
Emma: Does not like Granpap selling moonshine, but wants her family to have money. Decides to move the family out of the mountains to work at the mills.
Kirk: Emma's son, is killed by Sam McEachern. Takes the side of Granpap for selling moonshine to make money.
Basil: Leaves the family to go school and does not have to work in the mills. Wants to distance himself from his mountain family.
Sam: Part of the McEachern family, who are bootleggers. Ends up shooting Kirk and killing him.
Bonnie: Becomes the female breadwinner for her family. Experiences many torments experiencing while working in the mills and feels the weight of supporting the family.
John: Like Bonnie, he also becomes a major contributor for the family. Young and strong, John becomes the man of the family.
Analysis
Inspired by her own experience in Gastonia, North Carolina, during the textile strike, Lumpkin's writing style in the radical literary tradition is explored in several political themes encompassing the exhausting pursuit of unionization. The McClure family represents the struggle between the familial and the communal as they move to the mill town to make a better life for themselves. In doing so, they go from an agrarian lifestyle to urban where everyone in the family must pull their weight to barely make a living. The exploitation of mill workers challenges the formerly matriarchal, agrarian family structure of the McClures as they endure a starving winter, an arrest and murder, All the while, mothers and children are employed in long hours of harsh working conditions.
Lumpkin's central theme conveyed through the quest for unionized life is the plight of working-class women during the Great Depression. Emma and Bonnie take on roles of motherhood and workers who struggled severely in dividing their duties. There is no joy in having children at this time, and reproductive obligations leave the mothers with no choice but to solely provide, as their productive capacities place them in a limited socioeconomic role.
Lumpkin's progressive voice is explored most through Bonnie, who represents solidarity against mill management, while inspiring others through nobility and perseverance. When Bonnie joins the strike, she exposes the importance of the woman's role and takes a radical step towards her goal of unifying the working class, regardless of ethnic background or race, as demonstrated by her organization of African American workers. Bonnie's efforts cemented her legacy after her tragic death. Her attempts to blend class separation and to expose the working woman emulates Lumpkin's political themes, portrayed throughout the defeating journey of the McClure's search for security.
Awards
The book won the Maxim Gorky Prize for Literature from Moscow in 1932:Art, in Grace Lumpkin's case, took the form of a novel on which she had been working for some time, and which eventually appeared as To Make My Bread. It was awarded Moscow's Maxim Gorki prize for literature, was turned into a play and, some years later, had a successful run at the Civic Repertory's old theater on 14th Street.
See also
Not by Bread Alone by Vladimir Dudintsev (1956)
References
1932 American novels
Novels set in Appalachia
Proletarian literature
Labor literature |
Not Since You is a 2009 romantic drama film directed by Jeff Stephenson and starring Desmond Harrington and Elden Henson. The film premiered at the 2009 Hollywood Film Festival, and released to theatres in Athens, Georgia, on April 2, 2010.
Plot
A romantic drama about a tight-knit group of college friends who graduated from New York University the year of 9/11 and reunite years later for a weekend wedding in Georgia. Unresolved conflicts and love affairs spark again into the reality of the group. Old wounds are brought to the surface. Several uncanny similarities to "The Big Chill", where college friends gather for the funeral of one of their group, in a southern locale.
Cast
Desmond Harrington as Sam Nelson
Kathleen Robertson as Amy Smith
Christian Kane as Ryan Roberts
Jon Abrahams as Howard Stieglitz
Sunny Mabrey as Victoria Gary
Will Estes as Billy Sweetzer
Elden Henson as Joey 'Fudge' Fudgler
Sara Rue as Sarah 'Doogs' Doogins
Barry Corbin as Uncle Dennis
Liane Balaban as Heather
References
External links
2009 romantic drama films
American romantic drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
Ed Madden is an American poet, activist, and Director of Women's and Gender Studies at the University of South Carolina in the USA. He grew up in Newport, Arkansas, got his B.A. from nearby Harding University, and received his Ph.D. in literature from the University of Texas, Austin.
Professor and poet
Madden is an associate professor of English. He has written several critical articles on modern British and Irish poetry and has completed a book on representations of Tiresian liminality in modernist poetry (Tiresian Poetics: Modernism, Sexuality, Voice, 1888-2001 from Fairleigh Dickinson University Press). He co-edited (with Marti Lee) Irish Studies: Geographies and Genders, also co-edited an anthology of essays and poems on male experience, The Emergence of Man into the 21st Century, and wrote "An Open Letter to My Christian Friends," which appears in various textbooks, including Everything's an Argument. Madded has undertaken extensive research on the Irish writer Colm Ó Clúbhán and hosted a Boston College Ireland symposium on Ó Clúbhán in 2017.
In addition to his literary criticism, he also publishes on issues involving sexuality and spirituality. He has published "Gospels of Inversion: Literature, Scripture, Sexology" in a collection of essays entitled Divine Aporia: Postmodern Conversation About the Other (edited by John C. Hawley). Another intervention in the intersection of religion, literature, and sex came in the essay "'The Well of Loneliness', or the Gospel According to Radclyffe Hall," published in Reclaiming the Sacred: The Bible in Gay and Lesbian Culture (edited by Raymond-Jean Frontain).
Madden has been a South Carolina Academy of Authors fellow in poetry twice. He has been writer in residence at the Riverbanks Botanical Gardens in Columbia, South Carolina, and he also worked as writer in residence at Fort Moultrie in Charleston, South Carolina, as part of the state's African-American Heritage Corridor project. He also works with the South Carolina Poetry Initiative and has been named a 2006 Artist-in-Residence by the South Carolina State Parks.
Madden won not only the single-poem contest sponsored by The State newspaper (Columbia, South Carolina) and the South Carolina Poetry Initiative (with "Prodigal: Variations"), but he has also won the South Carolina Poetry Book Prize, with Signals, which was published by the University of South Carolina Press. More recently, Madden was selected as one of the top 50 New Poets by Meridian Magazine (which is published by the University of Virginia Press) for his poem, "Sacrifice," which was included in the Best New Poets of 2007 anthology .
His poetry collection Prodigal: Variations appeared in 2011. His chapbooks include My Father's House (Seven Kitchens Press, 2013), runner-up for the 2011 Robin Becker Chapbook Prize ; So they can sing (Seven kitchens Press, 2017, Robin Becker Series); and Sebastian (Seven Kitchens Press, 2021, ReBound Series). His latest books of poetry are Nest (Salmon Press, 2014) and Ark (Sibling Rivalry Press, 2016).
In January 2015, Madden was named Columbia, SC's first Poet Laureate.
Activist
Madden has been Secretary, Vice President, and President of the South Carolina Gay and Lesbian Pride Movement. He has written numerous editorials advocating gay liberation in local and national newspapers. He is also the executive producer of Rainbow Radio: The REAL Gay Agenda, a South Carolina-based, gay-themed radio talk show that is broadcast Sundays at 10 a.m. in Columbia, South Carolina on Air America, WOIC-AM 1230. This project culminated in the book Out Loud: The Best of Rainbow Radio, a collection and joint project with fellow activist Candace Chellew-Hodge. This book was chosen by the University of South Carolina's Upstate campus as a common reader for their first-year experience. This led the South Carolina House of Representatives to cut funds to that school in what some called an act of censorship.
His life partner is Mr. Bert Easter, President of the South Carolina Gay and Lesbian Pride Movement. They live in Columbia, South Carolina, and both serve as board members for the South Carolina Gay and Lesbian Community Center, now called the Harriet Hancock Community Center. They were among the first men to file for a marriage license, and ten years after doing so for the first time, they were also among the first men legally married in the state (November 20, 2014).
See also
Ed Madden Collection - Furman University Special Collection
References
External links
http://www.cas.sc.edu/ENGL/faculty/faculty_pages/madden/madden.html
SC Gay and Lesbian Pride Movement
http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/poetry/general.htm
Rainbow Radio: The REAL Gay Agenda
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American academics of English literature
American activists
American male poets
American gay writers
Harding University alumni
People from Newport, Arkansas
University of South Carolina faculty
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
Women's studies academics
Poets from Arkansas
Poets from South Carolina
Place of birth missing (living people)
American LGBT poets
American male non-fiction writers
Gay poets |
Sceloporus taeniocnemis, the Guatemalan emerald spiny lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. It is endemic to Mexico and Guatemala.
References
Sceloporus
Reptiles of Mexico
Reptiles of Guatemala
Reptiles described in 1885
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope |
Perfetti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Augusto Perfetti, Italian billionaire businessman
Charles Perfetti, American psychologist
Chris Perfetti, American actor
Cole Perfetti (born 2002), Canadian ice hockey player
Flora Perfetti (born 1969), Italian tennis player
Giorgio Perfetti, Italian billionaire businessman
See also
Perfetti Van Melle, company
Italian-language surnames |
Sarah Cole (1805–1857) was an American landscape painter and the sister of prominent American landscape painter Thomas Cole. Although she was among the small group of early American female landscape painters, little is known about her life and few of her paintings are known to have survived.
Early life
Cole was born in Lancashire, England. Her parents, James and Mary Cole, had six other children aside from her and Thomas, all daughters. Thomas was the seventh of the eight children, and Sarah was the youngest. In 1818, her parents immigrated to the United States with four of their children, the sisters Ann, Mary, and Sarah, their brother Thomas, and an aunt. The family arrived in Philadelphia in July, and moved to Steubenville, Ohio, in September of the same year, with Thomas following on a year later. In Steubenville, Ann and Mary opened a seminary, where Sarah may have also eventually taught.
In 1824, the family moved to Pittsburgh. The next year, they moved to New York City, where Sarah likely lived for the rest of her life. She often visited Catskill, where she and Thomas would hike in the Catskill Mountains, and occasionally visited family and friends in Baltimore.
Career and paintings
It is not known when Sarah Cole began to make art, though she first mentions that she is painting in letters to her brother in the mid 1830s. She exhibited her paintings publicly only after the death of Thomas in February 1848, most likely to help support herself financially. The National Academy of Design in New York City displayed her work from 1848 to 1852, and her works also appeared in the American Art-Union and the Maryland Historical Society during her lifetime. Titles of these canvases indicate original, rather than copied, subjects. The majority of her exhibited paintings are now believed to be lost.
Two of Cole's paintings can be found today are on display in the Albany Institute of History and Art in Albany, New York. The paintings are A View of the Catskill Mountain House, a scene of the titular white house on a hill covered with fall foliage and a small seated figure on the ground looking up at it, and Mount Aetna, a view of the mountain in the background with a landscape and people praying to a shrine of an icon. A note on the back of the canvas of the Catskill Mountain House painting indicates that it was copied from a painting by her brother Thomas.
Another painting by Sarah Cole, Ancient Column Near Syracuse (1848), depicts a landscape with a Neoclassical theme. It pictures a person with some animals on a green field in front of ancient ruins. The Thomas Cole National Historic Site in the Catskills also houses her paintings Duffield Church, English Landscape, and Landscape with Church.
In addition to being a painter, Cole made etchings. She was trained in etching by the painter and engraver Asher B. Durand. In 1888, decades after her death, New York's Union League Club held an exhibition called “Women Etchers of America” that included some of her work. All of the other exhibitors in that show were living artists. None of her etchings are known to have survived.
Cole died in 1857, spending her final days in Catskill, New York.
References
1805 births
1857 deaths
American landscape painters
19th-century American painters
People from Lancashire (before 1974)
British emigrants to the United States
Artists from Lancashire
19th-century American women painters |
Route of the Holmfirth branch line
The Holmfirth branch line is a disused railway line that ran for from Brockholes to Holmfirth, in West Yorkshire, England. The line was built as double track as there were plans to extend the line up the Holme Valley.
Construction
The Holmfirth branch was built by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway company. It was due to open on 24 June 1850 but problems meant this was delayed until 1 July 1850, when the first train left Holmfirth at 11:25 a.m. In the first week of operation 1,869 tickets were sold at Holmfirth, along with another 674 at the intermediate station of Thongsbridge.
Extensions to the line were proposed on a number of occasions, none of which saw any progress. Parliamentary authority was granted for a scheme in 1847, before the line was opened, which was costed at £56,000, however the powers lapsed in 1852 without any progress. One proposal was to extend the line up the Holme Valley, tunnel under Holme Moss, and connect with the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway.
The route
The line ran from a junction with the Penistone Line near Brockholes railway station and headed south across Mytholmbridge Viaduct before reaching Thongsbridge station, then continued to Holmfirth station.
Mytholmbridge Viaduct
Mytholmbridge Viaduct was the source of some concern for members of the travelling public. The planned embankment had been replaced by timber trestle which was damaged by winds during construction. In an attempt to reassure the public of the safety of this and the Denby Dale Viaduct, L&YR appointed Robert Stephenson to produce a report on the structure, published 16 September 1851, in which he concluded that "both structures are perfectly safe".
Despite petitions calling for its replacement, it remained in place until 1865 when the L&YR finally commissioned a stone replacement. This too collapsed during construction on 3 December 1865, taking the trestle with it. This closed the line until 11 March 1867 when the 13 arch stone viaduct was completed.
Thongsbridge station
Thongsbridge station was situated in a deep cutting spanned by two bridges, one at each end. In the original layout, the platforms were staggered either side of Heys Road bridge with the main buildings on the Huddersfield bound platform. This layout was criticised by the Board of Trade after a number of accidents involving passengers.
In 1893 the L&YR commissioned Robert Leak & Co to build a new platform opposite the station buildings and increase the gap between the two running lines from 5 ft 9 in to the more usual 6 ft.
1901 saw the Huddersfield bound platform heightened, a new two storey booking office constructed, and an iron-lattice footbridge built across the line. The goods yard was also extended. Initially this was just a single loop of the Huddersfield bound line but this was improved by providing sidings on the site of the old Holmfirth bound platform. This meant that the yard covered both sides of the line and a cart way was built between the two to provide access.
In August 1852 the station was the location of a narrowly avoided rail accident, involving a Hull to Holmfirth train. Due to the slight gradient between Thongsbridge and Holmfirth, half of the carriages became detached from the rest of the train which then continued to Holmfirth. Whilst the detached carriages remained in the station, the station guard spotted another train approaching at speed. He signalled to the driver of the train to stop which it did just 12 inches from the carriages.
Holmfirth station
Holmfirth station, at the terminus of the line, was located just north of the town centre on Station Road. The building still stands, its front door now bricked up, and has been converted to a private house.
L&YR installed a 45 ft turntable at the station in March 1883. It was removed in 1938 as Fowler 2-6-4Ts were causing it to deteriorate. Following the removal, most trains operated tender forward to Holmfirth and smokebox forward back.
Services
In the early days, the line was well used with passenger trains regularly consisting of three or more carriages. Most passenger trains were hauled by L&YR 0-4-0T and 0-6-2T locomotives until about 1900 when Aspinall 2-4-2Ts were introduced.
Freight trains during the early part of the 20th century were hauled by L&YR 'A' class 0-6-0Ts and 0-8-0s. The principal traffic was coal coming into the area and woollen goods taken out.
Following the Holmfirth Flood in 1852, sightseeing trains brought passengers to the town to see the devastation for themselves.
Closure
The closure of the woollen piece warehouse, which saw little use after World War II, was one of the first antecedents of a decrease in traffic on the line. Increased competition from buses with resultant falling receipts led to closure of the line being announced with the last passenger train running on 31 October 1959 hauled by 2-6-4T engines, numbers 42116 and 42413. Freight trains continued to run until 3 May 1965.
The line was dismantled in 1966. Mytholmbridge Viaduct was demolished in 1976.
See also
Locomotives of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
References
External links
The Last Train from Holmfirth
Photographs of the branch
Rail transport in West Yorkshire
Railway lines opened in 1850
History of West Yorkshire
Transport in Kirklees
Closed railway lines in Yorkshire and the Humber
Holmfirth |
```php
<?php
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
* on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
*/
namespace Aws\DynamoDb\Exception;
/**
* An item collection is too large. This exception is only returned for tables that have one or more local secondary indexes.
*/
class ItemCollectionSizeLimitExceededException extends DynamoDbException {}
``` |
Collomia tracyi is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name Tracy's collomia. It is endemic to northern California, where it grows in the coniferous forests of the mountain ranges, including the Klamath Mountains. It is an annual herb producing a slender, branched stem no taller than about 8 centimeters. The glandular, hairy leaves are lance-shaped. The inflorescence is composed of two or three flowers emerging from the leaf axils. Each flower is white to lavender and up to 2 centimeters long. This species can be distinguished from the more common and widespread Collomia tinctoria by the positioning of the stamens and stigma in the flower.
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery
tracyi
Flora of California
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
Anne Monica O'Brien (25 January 1956 – 29 August 2016) was an Irish association football coach and player. A midfielder, she played for the Republic of Ireland women's national football team and was the first Irish female to play professional football outside of Ireland. She began her professional career in France, with Stade de Reims, then settled in Italy where she found success with Serie A teams including Lazio and Trani. After qualifying as a coach at the Coverciano centre, O'Brien worked for the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) and served Lazio as manager.
Club career
O'Brien joined Stade de Reims at the age of 17, after the French club toured Dublin. She arrived in Italy in 1976, having won three league titles with Reims. O'Brien enjoyed similar success in Italy, collecting six Scudetti and two Italian Women's Cups in a career spanning seven clubs and 18 years.
Beginning at Lazio, O'Brien won the league in 1979 and 1980, as well as the Cup in 1977. After the League switched to a winter season, she helped Trani win the 1984 League. Returning to Lazio and playing alongside Pia Sundhage, she lifted the Cup again in 1985. Later in O'Brien's career she won three consecutive League titles; two with Reggiana (1989–90, 1990–91) and one with Milan Salvarani (1991–92).
The Dizionario del Calcio Italiano described O'Brien as an elegant midfield playmaker, adept at reading the game and capable of precise passing. She was bracketed alongside Rose Reilly, Conchi Sánchez and Susy Augustesen as one of the best foreigners to play women's football in Italy. In 2014 Italian football great Carolina Morace named O'Brien as one of the best players in the world and described her as an inspiration.
International career
O'Brien endured a relatively inauspicious international career. Due to travel and accommodation costs, the poorly performing Irish national team only called her up for their most important fixtures after she had emigrated.
In October 1973, O'Brien played for Ireland against France at the Parc des Princes in Paris. Ireland were beaten 4–1 but O'Brien was named Player of the Match. O'Brien told Newstalk radio in August 2014 that she won about four caps but was never invited to play for Ireland while based in continental Europe. In April 1990, while visiting Dublin, she played in Ireland's 0–0 1991 UEFA Women's Championship qualification draw against the Netherlands.
Personal life
O'Brien was from Inchicore, Dublin. In 1987 O'Brien spent a period out of football to give birth to her son, Andrea. Following her retirement from playing she settled in Rome. O'Brien remained in football, serving Lazio as manager in the mid-2000s (she trained Lazio in 2005-06 and Women Civitavecchia in 2007-08) and later working for the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) as a coach.
In 1999 son Andrea was playing in A.S. Roma's youth team. O'Brien is reportedly a cousin of Johnny Giles and a more distant relative of Jimmy Conway. The League of Ireland footballer Ger O'Brien is Anne's nephew. She died on 29 August 2016 in Rome, Italy after a short illness.
References
External links
Profile at Football Association of Ireland
Profile at Dictionary of Irish Biography
1956 births
2016 deaths
Republic of Ireland women's association footballers
Republic of Ireland women's international footballers
Republic of Ireland expatriate women's association footballers
Association footballers from County Dublin
Serie A (women's football) players
SS Lazio Women 2015 players
A.C.F. Trani 80 players
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate women's footballers in Italy
Irish expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate women's footballers in France
A.S.D. Reggiana Calcio Femminile players
Women's association football midfielders
Stade de Reims Féminines players
ACF Milan 82 players
A.C.F. Prato players
C.F. Euromobil Modena players |
The Men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1978 European Athletics Championships was held in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, at Stadion Evžena Rošického on 1st, 2nd, and 3 September in 1978.
Medalists
Results
Final
3 September
Wind: -0.5 m/s
Semi-finals
2 September
Semi-final 1
Wind: -0.4 m/s
Semi-final 2
Wind: 0 m/s
Heats
1 September
Heat 1
Wind: 0.7 m/s
Heat 2
Wind: -0.3 m/s
Heat 3
Wind: 0 m/s
Participation
According to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
References
110 metres hurdles
Sprint hurdles at the European Athletics Championships |
Solariella patriae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.
Description
The size of the shell attains 9 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Eastern Brazil and Argentina at depths between 15 m and 180 m.
References
Carcelles, A. R. 1953. Nuevas especies de gastropodos marinos de las republicas oriental del Uruguay y Argentina. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 4(70): 1-16, 5 pls
External links
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication)
To Encyclopedia of Life
To World Register of Marine Species
patriae
Gastropods described in 1953 |
Mau Mau Island, also called White Island, is a small uninhabited island in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, located between Gerritsen Creek and Mill Creek in the Marine Park recreation area. Historically, the area around Mau Mau Island was a salt marsh with shifting topography. The island came into existence permanently sometime after 1917, and most likely formed in 1934 as dumping led to the current shoreline.
The area was uninhabited by European settlers until the late 1700s, when a mill and bridge were built. It was donated to the City of New York in the early 1930s, along with much of Marine Park, by Alfred Tredway White and Frederic Pratt with the requirement that it become parkland.
In the 1930s, sand excavated during construction of the Belt Parkway was added to the island. Subsequently, patches of asphalt were laid on top to prevent the sand from blowing onto the nearby Marine Park Golf Course.
In 2011, the New York City Parks Department began a restoration project on the island, with the goal of restoring salt marsh and bird habitat.
Notes
References
Uninhabited islands of New York (state)
Islands of Brooklyn
Islands of New York City
Marine Park, Brooklyn |
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute. The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body, so it is noncaloric. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy groups—in the C1 and C6 positions of fructose and the C4 position of glucose—to give a 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose–4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose disaccharide. Sucralose is about 320 to 1,000 times sweeter than sucrose, three times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and twice as sweet as sodium saccharin.
While sucralose is largely considered shelf-stable and safe for use at elevated temperatures (such as in baked goods), there is some evidence that it begins to break down at temperatures above . The commercial success of sucralose-based products stems from its favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability and safety. It is commonly sold under the Splenda brand name.
Uses
Sucralose is used in many food and beverage products because it is a no-calorie sweetener, does not promote dental cavities, is safe for consumption by diabetics and nondiabetics, and does not affect insulin levels, although the powdered form of sucralose-based sweetener product Splenda (as most other powdered sucralose products) contains 95% (by volume) bulking agents dextrose and maltodextrin that do affect insulin levels. Sucralose is used as a replacement for (or in combination with) other artificial or natural sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium or high-fructose corn syrup. It is used in products such as candy, breakfast bars, coffee pods, and soft drinks. It is also used in canned fruits wherein water and sucralose take the place of much higher calorie corn syrup-based additives. Sucralose mixed with dextrose or maltodextrin (both made from corn) as bulking agents is sold internationally by McNeil Nutritionals under the Splenda brand name. In the United States and Canada, this blend is increasingly found in restaurants in yellow packets.
Cooking
Sucralose is available in a granulated form that allows same-volume substitution with sugar. This mix of granulated sucralose includes fillers, all of which rapidly dissolve in water. While the granulated sucralose provides apparent volume-for-volume sweetness, the texture in baked products may be noticeably different. Sucralose is not hygroscopic, which can lead to baked goods that are noticeably drier and manifest a less dense texture than those made with sucrose. Unlike sucrose, which melts when baked at high temperatures, sucralose maintains its granular structure when subjected to dry, high heat (e.g., in a 180 °C or 350 °F oven). Furthermore, in its pure state, sucralose begins to decompose at . Thus, in some recipes, such as crème brûlée, which require sugar sprinkled on top to partially or fully melt and crystallize, substituting sucralose does not result in the same surface texture, crispness, or crystalline structure.
Safety evaluation
Sucralose has been accepted as safe by several food safety regulatory bodies worldwide, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee Report on Food Additives, the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food, Health Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada, and Food Standards Australia New Zealand.
Maximum acceptable daily intake
Various assessments have reported different amounts of maximum acceptable daily intake (ADI), usually measured as mg per kg of body weight. According to the Canadian Diabetes Association, the amount of sucralose that can be consumed over a person's lifetime without any adverse effects is 9 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day. The FDA approval process indicated that consuming sucralose in typical amounts as a sweetener was safe. The intake at which adverse effects are seen is 1500 mg/kg BW/day, providing a large margin of safety compared to the estimated daily intake. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) proposed an ADI of 5 mg per kg (body weight) while the FDA established it as 15 mg per kg body weight, that is, 350–1050 mg per day for a person of 70 kg.
Metabolism
Most ingested sucralose is directly excreted in the feces, while about 11–27% is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract (gut). The amount absorbed from the gut is largely removed from the blood by the kidneys and eliminated via urine, with 20–30% of absorbed sucralose being metabolized.
Possible health effects
In a review of sucralose's safety, the FDA states that it "reviewed data from more than 110 studies in humans and animals. Many of the studies were designed to identify possible toxic effects including carcinogenic, reproductive and neurological effects. No such effects were found, and FDA's approval is based on its finding that sucralose is safe for human consumption." In reviewing a 1987 food additive petition by McNeil Nutritionals, the FDA stated that "in the 2-year rodent bioassays... there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity for either sucralose or its hydrolysis products".
As of 2020, reviews of numerous safety and toxicology studies on sucralose concluded that it is not carcinogenic.
Processing of sucralose in food
Research revealed that when sucralose is heated to above 120 °C (248 °F), it may dechlorinate and decompose into compounds that could be harmful enough to risk consumer health. The risk and intensity of this adverse effect is suspected to increase with rising temperatures. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment published a warning that cooking with sucralose could possibly lead to the creation of potentially carcinogenic chloropropanols, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, recommending that manufacturers and consumers avoid baking, roasting, or deep frying any sucralose-containing foods until a more conclusive safety report is available. Furthermore, adding sucralose to food that has not cooled was discouraged, as was buying sucralose-containing canned foods and baked goods.
History
Sucralose was discovered in 1976 by scientists from Tate & Lyle, working with researchers Leslie Hough and Shashikant Phadnis at Queen Elizabeth College (now part of King's College London). While researching novel uses of sucrose and its synthetic derivatives, Phadnis was told to "test" a chlorinated sugar compound. According to an anecdotal account, Phadnis thought Hough asked him to "taste" it, so he did and found the compound to be exceptionally sweet.
Tate & Lyle patented the substance in 1976; as of 2008, the only remaining patents concerned specific manufacturing processes.
A Duke University animal study funded by the Sugar Association found evidence that doses of Splenda (containing ~1% sucralose and ~99% maltodextrin by weight) between 100 and 1000 mg/kg BW/day, containing sucralose at 1.1 to 11 mg/kg BW/day, fed to rats reduced gut microbiota, increased the pH level in the intestines, contributed to increases in body weight, and increased levels of (P-gp). These effects have not been reported in humans. An expert panel, including scientists from Duke University, Rutgers University, New York Medical College, Harvard School of Public Health, and Columbia University reported in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology that the Duke study was "not scientifically rigorous and is deficient in several critical areas that preclude reliable interpretation of the study results".
Sucralose was first approved for use in Canada in 1991. Subsequent approvals came in Australia in 1993, in New Zealand in 1996, in the United States in 1998, and in the European Union in 2004. By 2008, it had been approved in over 80 countries, including Mexico, Brazil, China, India, and Japan. In 2006, the FDA amended the regulations for foods to include sucralose as a "non-nutritive sweetener" in food. In May 2008, Fusion Nutraceuticals launched a generic product to the market, using Tate & Lyle patents.
In April 2015, PepsiCo announced that it would be moving from aspartame to sucralose for most of its diet drinks in the U.S. due to sales of Diet Pepsi falling by more than 5% in the U.S. The company stated that its decision was a commercial one, responding to consumer preferences.
In February 2018, PepsiCo went back to using aspartame in Diet Pepsi because of an 8% drop in sales for the previous year.
Chemistry and production
Sucralose is a disaccharide composed of 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose and 4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose. It is synthesized by the selective chlorination of sucrose in a multistep route that substitutes three specific hydroxyl groups with chlorine atoms. This chlorination is achieved by selective protection of one of the primary alcohols as an ester (acetate or benzoate), followed by chlorination with an excess of any of several chlorinating agent to replace the two remaining primary alcohols and one of the secondary alcohols, and then by hydrolysis of the ester.
Storage
Sucralose is stable when stored under normal conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity. Upon prolonged heating during storage at elevated temperatures (38 °C, 100 °F), sucralose may break down, releasing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and minor amounts of hydrogen chloride.
Effect on caloric content
Though sucralose contains no calories, products that contain fillers such as dextrose and/or maltodextrin add about 2–4 calories per teaspoon or individual packet, depending on the product, the fillers used, brand, and the intended use of the product. The FDA allows for any product containing fewer than five calories per serving to be labeled as "zero calories".
Research
There is no evidence of an effect of sucralose on long-term weight loss or body mass index, with cohort studies showing a minor effect on weight gain and heart disease risks.
Environmental effects
According to one study, sucralose is digestible by a number of microorganisms and is broken down once released into the environment. However, measurements by the Swedish Environmental Research Institute have shown sewage treatment has little effect on sucralose, which is present in wastewater effluents at levels of several μg/L (ppb). No ecotoxicological effects are known at such levels, but the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency warns a continuous increase in levels may occur if the compound is only slowly degraded in nature. When heated to very high temperatures (over 350 °C or 662 °F) in metal containers, sucralose can produce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants in the resulting smoke.
Sucralose has been detected in natural waters, but research indicates that the levels found in the environment are far below those required to cause adverse effects to certain kinds of aquatic life.
See also
Erythritol and Xylitol
Neotame, PureVia, Stevia, and Truvia
Tagatose
Footnotes
References
Sugar substitutes
Disaccharides
Food additives
Organochlorides
E-number additives |
The Barossa District Football & Netball Club is an Australian sports club based in the Barossa Valley region of South Australia. The club is nicknamed the Bulldogs and represents the towns of Lyndoch and Williamstown. Sports practised at Barossa are Australian rules football and netball, with teams competing in the Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association. Under 15’s wheat back to back 2020 and 2021.
BDFNC was formed in 1979 following the merger of the Lyndoch and Williamstown Rovers football clubs, that competed in the Gawler & District Football League.
History
Lyndoch FC
The Lyndoch Football Club was reformed in 1947 after the end of World War II and competed in the Lower North Football Association along with clubs in Greenock, Kangaroo Flat, Roseworthy, Sandy Creek, Smithfield and Truro. Lyndoch had won three premierships before the Lower North league folded in 1954, which resulted in the club going into recess. Lyndoch Football Club were based at Lyndoch Oval where they shared the venue with the Lyndoch Cricket Club.
Lyndoch reformed again in 1960 and began competition in the Gawler & District Football Association. They won the 1965 premiership beating Gawler 8.7.55 to 7.9.51 at Gawler Oval. However, that would be their last ever flag, despite grand final appearances in 1966, 1972, 1974 and 1978. The club merged with Williamstown Rovers the following year after the 1979 season.
The Lyndoch FC 1965 premiership reunion was held in 2015 at the Lyndoch pavilion to celebrate 50 years since the club's last premiership.
Williamstown Rovers FC
The Williamstown FC was based at Queen Victoria Jubilee Park in Williamstown which is Barossa District's current home ground and previously had the same colours of blue and gold as Lyndoch, as they had previously competed in the Torrens Valley Football Association until 1962, but changed to the Saints colours when they left the Hills Football League in 1973, as Lyndoch already donned the same colours. The competing clubs in the Gawler & District Football Association were Gawler Central, Willaston, Roseworthy and Lyndoch. Williamstown won the 1961 premiership after going through the entire season undefeated. However the club went into recess in 1963 due to a lack of player numbers.
Williamstown Rovers FC was founded in 1967 as a predecessor of the former club that went into recess and competed in the Hills Football League zone 2. Other competing teams in the competition were Pleasant Valley, Gumeracha, Woodside Army, Lenswood Ranges, Birdwood, Sedan Cambrai and Mount Torrens. Throughout the club's history a premiership never arrived despite some reasonably good on field performance where the club would only just fall short of making a Grand Final. Williamstown Rovers would merge with Lyndoch after the 1979 season.
Barossa District FC
Both former clubs Lyndoch and Williamstown Rovers had a long-lasting rivalry in both the Torrens Valley and Gawler & District leagues, with the meeting being held on November 7, 1979 where the decision was made to merge the two clubs. The club was named Barossa District after the local council area and the club wanted 'neutral colours', donning the red, white and blue, and the same of the Central District Football Club. The guernsey consisted of a blue design with a red and white V with the Bulldogs logo.
The first year of competition for the new club was slow but earned a Finals spot after winning the last 8 games of the home and away season, despite being eliminated early. Games were spread at both Lyndoch and Williamstown in Barossa District's early years. The 1981 season saw Barossa District lacking the quality players needed to be competitive enough to reach Finals, but that changed the following year when the maiden day came in 1982 when they won their first premiership. However, injuries of key players prevented the Bulldogs from making Finals in 1983, and the club's lack of Finals competition continued until 1987 when the move was made to the Hills Football League zone 2 following the amalgamation between the Gawler and Barossa & Light leagues. During the club's four-year stint competing with clubs in and around the Adelaide Hills three more premierships were won in 1987, 1988 and 1990 beating Mount Torrens, Kersbrook and Nairne Bremer.
There was increasing pressure for the club to move to the Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association following the 1990 premiership. Senior and junior football and netball were playing at many different venues at once and many involved with the club wished for a move to the Barossa league which provided a more family friendly environment. With enough support, Barossa District entered the BL&GFA for the 1991 season. However, this would not only see a premiership drought but also a lack of on field success for the club also, with their only Finals appearances in 1995. The late 1990s would see the Bulldogs plummet even further, winning only one game in 1998 and 1999.
The early 2000s saw the continued lack of on field success despite efforts by members of the club to promote development of the club through junior development, fundraising and facility extension. The umpire changerooms, facilities for trainers, a handicapped toilet and a committee room were added in 2002 but the poor on field success and small number of games won continued which resulted in the loss of funds that were raised within the club. Things started looking better in 2005 when the club received funds from a loaned vineyard, hosted the Grand Final at Nuriootpa and recruited coach Steve O'Connor who turned things around even more for the Bulldogs to win their first BL&GFA flag the following season in 2006. The Bulldogs made five straight Grand Finals from 2006 to 2010, winning both 2006 and 2007 over Freeling but losing to Tanunda in 2008, 2009 and 2010.
2011 saw Barossa District finish 3rd and make Finals despite being defeated by Willaston after the opposition called a player count at the beginning of the 3rd quarter, believing Barossa District had a 19th man on the field when the quarter hadn't officially started and the player was just metres away from leaving the field of play. The following 2012 season saw Barossa District beat South Gawler and Kapunda to reach the Grand Final, after finishing 4th during the season, to oppose a strong Tanunda outfit who were going for their 5th consecutive premiership. Barossa District overcame the opposition and soundly beat the Magpies by 26 points.
A thrilling encounter ensued in the following 2013 decider between Gawler Central and Barossa District, the Bulldogs again emerging victorious, this time by 5 points. Both 2014 and 2015 saw the Bulldogs miss the Finals but premiership success returned for the following two seasons in 2016 and 2017, beating a previously undefeated Gawler Central by 11 points and edging out Kapunda as underdogs in the 2017 Grand Final by 13 points.
The most recent season of 2019 saw Barossa District finish 4th and make Finals, beating Freeling in an elimination final before falling to Nuriootpa the following week.
Club song
In tune to 'Click Go The Shears'
"Out on the field is the team of the year,
Look how we're scoring the crowd gives a cheer,
Goal after goal now you won't see us stop,
Fiercely determined 'till we reach the top,
We are the Bulldogs can't you see,
Red, white and blue for victory,
Strong and courageous we'll get the ball,
Watch Barossa District we're the best of them all,
Woof! Woof!"
References
External links
Australian rules football clubs in South Australia |
Christian Theodore Pedersen (23 December 1876 – 20 June 1969) was a Norwegian-American seaman, whaling captain and fur trader active in Alaska, Canada, and the northern Pacific from the 1890s to the 1930s. He was called "one of the canniest old skippers in the western arctic" by a contemporary.
Biography
Pedersen, known as Theodore to his friends and usually as C.T. Pedersen for business, was born 23 December 1876 in Sandefjord, Norway. He left on his first whaling voyage at age 17; by 1908 he was captain of the schooner Challenge which wintered in the arctic at Herschel island. He was captain of the schooner Elvira in 1912. Pedersen was associated with the early stages of the Canadian Arctic Expedition under Vilhjalmur Stefansson whom he had known since 1906. He helped select the steam brigantine Karluk for the expedition and sailed it from San Francisco to Victoria, British Columbia. He resigned before the ship was outfitted and was replaced by Robert Bartlett.
Pedersen then returned to the Elvira for whaling and trading in the arctic in 1913. In August 1913, the Elvira was frozen in and damaged by ice near Icy Reef west of Demarcation Point on Alaska's arctic coast (east of Kaktovik, Alaska and west of the Canada–US border). The ship was further damaged by a storm to the point that Pedersen and her crew were forced to abandon her and seek refuge aboard the Belvedere. Pedersen and Olaf Swenson of the Belvedere traveled overland by foot and dogsled to Fairbanks to carry news and arrange relief supplies for the crews on the Belvedere. Sources differ on whether Pederson was owner as well as captain of the Elvira.
Pedersen then signed on as captain of the whaling and trading ship Herman for the H. Liebes Company of San Francisco. The 1914 voyage of the Herman was the subject of a motion picture by Dr. L. Lawrence, a videotape copy of which is held by the University of Alaska. In the course of this voyage, the Herman picked up Captain Robert Bartlett at Emma Harbor, Siberia and transported him to St. Michael, Alaska where Bartlett transmitted to Ottawa the news that the Karluk had been crushed in the ice and the survivors were marooned on Wrangel Island off the northern coast of Siberia.
Pedersen married May Olive Jordan (5/11/1893-4/22/1982), a Canadian nurse, in 1920. Subsequently, she accompanied him on many arctic trips and provided medicines and health services to the natives at their stops. They had one son, Charles. Pedersen had several children from previous relationships including sons Ted and Walter who were well-known Alaskans.
Pedersen resigned from H. Liebes Company in 1923 and went into business on his own account with the schooner Ottilie Fjord, which was refitted with an engine and operated as the motor schooner Nanuk in 1924 and 1925. The business was incorporated as the Northern Whaling and Trading Company. A Canadian subsidiary, the Canalaska Trading Company, operated two small trading schooners with the goods transferred at Herschel Island. The company established trading posts throughout the Kitikmeot region of Canada. After 1925 the Nanuk was replaced by the larger Patterson, formerly a USCGS survey ship. The Nanuk was sold to the Swenson Fur Trading Company in 1927. Besides establishing fixed trading posts, Pederson developed a strategy of offering small schooners for trappers. These were built to order in California and carried to the arctic on the Patterson. The last of these schooners, North Star of Herschel Island, delivered in 1936, is now in private hands in Victoria, British Columbia. Canalaska was sold to the Hudson's Bay Company in 1936; Pedersen retired from the sea but continued to be involved in the fur trade as a business owner. Pedersen's trading voyage in 1935 was filmed by his son Ted and videotapes derived from that film are in the collection of the University of Alaska. That archive also has a substantial collection of Pedersen's business records.
Pedersen was killed by intruders in his Pacifica, San Mateo County, California home on 20 June 1969. His wife was also beaten; she survived but sustained severe injuries and did not live independently again. Two escaped convicts found hiding on the premises were arrested in the crime.
Notes
References
Alaska State Library Ted Pedersen Photograph Collection, 1910-1988 Historical Collections PCA 377. Collection description (.doc format) includes biographical information on both C.T. Pedersen and his son Ted Pedersen (1905–1990). Some photos from the collection at Alaska Digital Archives
Browness, E. Rendle "History of the Early Mink People in Canada" "Quebec" accessed 5/28/2010.
Breynat, Gabriel (1955) translated by Alan Gordon Smith. Bishop Of The Winds Fifty Years In The Arctic Regions. P. J. Kenedy & Sons, NY, pp 183–184.
California Death Records at Rootsweb Search Pederson with death place San Mateo (California records are by county); this gives first name as Christia, sex M, death date 6/20/1969; click the SSN to confirm with Social Security index which lists as PEDERSEN, CHRISTIAN .
Consortium Library, Archives and Special Collections Department, University of Alaska, Anchorage / Alaska Pacific University;
(a) "Christian T. Pedersen collection description" Accessed April 27, 2009;
(b) "Theodore Pedersen collection description" accessed April 26, 2009
Diubaldo, Richard J. Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1998 pp70, 79, 104
Downes, P. "Prentice Downs eastern arctic journal 1936, edited and introduced by R.H. Cockburn." Arctic 36 (3) 232-250 1983. Downes is quoting an old arctic hand he terms the "Mad Major". accessed April 27, 2009.
Jenness, Stuart Edward. The Making of an Explorer: George Hubert Wilkins and the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1916. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2004, pp6, 66, 142. accessed April 26, 2009.
Kitikmeot Heritage Society. C. T. Pedersen and Canalaska accessed April 26, 2009.
Los Angeles Times June 22, 1969, page AA. "Man who once saved Adm. Peary aide slain".
Macdonald, Sheila and Bruce Macdonald A Brief History of North Star of Herschel Island accessed April 27, 2009
Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of Interior. "Shipwrecks off Alaska's coast" accessed April 26, 2009 query Elvira. Updated ref - download the pdf here or from the link on the top line of the page.
Query Pedersen.
Social Security Death Index (Social Security Administration) at Rootsweb
Stefansson, Vilhjalmur The Friendly Arctic, McMillan, NY, 1922 P 270
Swenson, Olaf. Northwest of the World. Dodd Mead, NY, 1944, pp 103–119.
Tacoma Public Library, "Ships and Shipping Database"; accessed April 28, 2009.
(a.) query Elvira. This source quotes Gordon Newell, "Maritime Events of 1913," H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest, p. 230.
(b.) query Nanuk. This source quotes Gordon Newell, "Maritime Events of 1933," H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest, p. 423.
Further reading
MacDonald, R. Bruce. North Star of Herschel Island - The Last Canadian Arctic Fur Trading Ship. Friesen Press, 2012 . Chapter 2 is a short biography of Pedersen.
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF A MARINER. Theodore Pedersen's photo archives. Frame of Reference (Newsletter of the Alaska Humanities Forum) v9 (1), April 1998. pp 1, 10-13. Photographs of C.T. and Ted Pedersen, and the ships Elvira and Herman, along with scenes from whaling and trading activities.
External links
Captain Christian Theodore Pedersen and the Arctic Fur Trade; Sven Johansson, with contributions from John MacFarlane, 1990; Nauticapedia.ca (Biographical sketch of Pedersen with information not available elsewhere, cites unpublished Pedersen papers in Johansson's collection. Captain Johansson was the restorer of North Star of Herschel Island, which he purchased in 1967, and Captained John Bockstoce's Belvedere in its traverse of the Northwest Passage.) see also Pedersen, Christian Theodore. Accessed August 6, 2011, December 5, 2011.
C.T. Pedersen photo collection at the Glenbow Museum
Yukon Department of Tourism and Culture L'île Herschel: Qikiqtaruk - Guide du patrimoine historique Article in French; fourth photograph is the Patterson at Pauline Cove, Herschel Island, also has a photograph of the Northern Whaling & Trading Co. warehouse.
"A race for a fortune" Popular Mechanics July 1927 pp 69–73. Includes a sketch of the Nanuk and a discussion of the unofficial but hotly contested race between the fur trading ships to the Arctic and back. Pedersen a source and the principal subject.
Whaling in Alaska and the Yukon Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, mostly late 19th early 20th centuries; context, references about the period. At ExploreNorth.
History of the Arctic
American fur traders
Sea captains
People of the Alaska Territory
Norwegian people in whaling
1876 births
1969 deaths
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
People from Sandefjord
People from Pacifica, California
People from Alameda County, California
History of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region |
Dial M for Murder is a 1954 American crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Ray Milland, Grace Kelly, Robert Cummings, Anthony Dawson, and John Williams. Both the screenplay and the successful stage play on which it was based were written by English playwright Frederick Knott. The play premiered in 1952 on BBC Television, before being performed on stage in the same year in London's West End in June, and then New York's Broadway in October.
Originally intended to be shown in dual-strip polarized 3-D, the film played in most theatres in ordinary 2-D due to the loss of interest in the 3-D process (the projection of which was difficult and error-prone) by the time of its release. The film earned an estimated $2.7 million in North American box office sales in 1954.
Plot
In the mid-1950s, Tony Wendice, a retired English professional tennis player, is married to wealthy socialite Margot, who has been having an affair with American crime-fiction writer Mark Halliday. Unbeknownst to them, Tony knows about the affair and plots Margot's murder to inherit her fortune, fearing a divorce would leave him penniless.
Tony is also aware that Charles Swann, an old acquaintance from Cambridge University, is a small-time con man with a criminal record. Tony invites Swann to his Maida Vale flat on a pretext, and tells him about Margot's affair. Tony also confides that six months previously, he stole Margot's handbag, which contained a love letter from Mark, and anonymously blackmailed her. After tricking Swann into leaving his fingerprints on the letter, Tony entraps him, threatening to turn him in as Margot's blackmailer unless he kills Margot. With the added inducement of £1,000 in cash, Swann agrees to the murder. Tony then explains that he and Mark will attend a party while Margot stays home alone. At a specific time when Margot is certain to be in bed, Swann will enter the front door, which is always unlocked, and will enter the locked door of the flat with Margot's latchkey, which Tony will hide on the staircase under a carpet. Tony will then telephone the flat from the party and Swann will kill Margot when she answers the call. Swann will whistle over the phone to signal the job is done, then create signs of a burglary gone wrong, and return the key back under the staircase carpet as he is leaving the building.
The following night, Swann enters the flat and Tony calls as planned. When Margot comes to the phone, Swann tries to strangle her with his scarf, but she fatally stabs him with scissors. Upon hearing Margot plead for help instead of Swann's whistle, Tony advises her not to speak to anyone. He returns home, calls the police, sends Margot to bed, and transfers what he thinks is Margot's key from Swann's pocket into her handbag. He also attempts to frame Margot by planting Mark's letter on Swann and destroying Swann's scarf.
The next day Tony persuades Margot to hide the fact that he told her not to call the police. Chief Inspector Hubbard arrives to question the Wendices, though Margot makes several conflicting statements. When Hubbard says the evidence indicates that Swann entered through the front door, Tony claims that Swann must have been responsible for stealing Margot's handbag, and made a copy of her key. As Tony intends, Hubbard does not believe the story and arrests Margot after concluding that she killed Swann for blackmailing her. Margot is found guilty of murder and sentenced to death.
Months later, on the day before Margot's scheduled execution, Mark visits Tony, saying he has devised a story for him to tell the police to save Margot. Mark's "story" is very close to what actually happened: that Tony paid Swann to kill Margot. If Tony confesses to Mark’s story, Tony would go to jail for a while, but Margot would be saved. Hubbard arrives unexpectedly, and Mark hides in the bedroom. Hubbard asks Tony about large sums of cash he has been spending around town, tricks Tony into revealing that his latchkey is in his raincoat, and inquires about Tony's attaché case. Tony claims to have misplaced the case, but Mark, overhearing the conversation, finds it on the bed, full of banknotes. Deducing that the money was Tony's intended payoff to Swann, Mark confronts Tony and explains his theory to Hubbard. Tony "confesses" that the cash was Margot's blackmail payment to Swann, which he had concealed to protect her. Hubbard appears to accept Tony's explanation, and Mark leaves angrily. Hubbard discreetly swaps his own raincoat with Tony's. As soon as Tony leaves, Hubbard uses Tony's key to re-enter the flat, followed by Mark. Hubbard previously discovered that the key in Margot's handbag was Swann's own latchkey and deduced that Swann had put the Wendices' key back in its hiding place after unlocking the door. Now, correctly suspecting Tony of having conspired with Swann, Hubbard has developed an elaborate ruse to trap him.
Plainclothes police officers bring Margot from prison to the flat. She tries unsuccessfully to unlock the door with the key in her handbag, then enters through the garden, proving to Hubbard that she is unaware of the hidden key and is therefore innocent. Hubbard has Margot's handbag returned to the police station, where Tony retrieves it after discovering that he has no key. The key from Margot's bag does not work, so he uses the hidden key to open the door, demonstrating his guilt and exonerating Margot. With his escape routes blocked by Hubbard and another policeman, Tony calmly makes himself a drink and congratulates Hubbard.
Cast
Ray Milland as Tony Wendice
Grace Kelly as Margot Mary Wendice
Robert Cummings as Mark Halliday
John Williams as Chief Inspector Hubbard
Anthony Dawson as Charles Alexander Swann/Captain Lesgate
Leo Britt as storyteller at the party
Patrick Allen as Detective Pearson
Robin Hughes as Police Sergeant
Martin Milner as policeman outside Wendice flat (uncredited)
George Leigh as Detective Williams
George Alderson as First Detective
Production
After I Confess (1953), Hitchcock planned to film The Bramble Bush, based on the 1948 novel by David Duncan, as a Transatlantic Pictures production, with partner Sidney Bernstein. However, there were problems with the script and budget, and Hitchcock and Bernstein decided to dissolve their partnership. Warner Bros. allowed Hitchcock to scrap the film, and begin production on Dial M for Murder.
Mark's name was changed for the film; in the original play, he was Max Halliday. Actors Dawson and Williams reprise their Broadway roles as Swann/Captain Lesgate and Inspector Hubbard, respectively.
Alfred Hitchcock's cameo is a signature occurrence in most of his films. In Dial M for Murder, he can be seen thirteen minutes into the film, in a black-and-white reunion photograph, sitting at a banquet table among former students and faculty.
Release
Dial M for Murder was shot using Warner Bros.' own proprietary 3-D camera rig, the so-called All-Media Camera. After one preview performance on May 18 and four showings on the May 19, a Philadelphia theater manager frantically contacted the studio and said that people were staying away in droves. He asked for permission to drop the 3-D and show the film flat.
The Philadelphia Inquirer reported on May 23 that the "first audiences proved to be a jury that could not only make up its mind, but could make it up in a hurry. In exhibitors' own terms, "DIAL M" literally died. And after just four performances on Wednesday, some long-distance telephoning to report complaints, the increasing skimpiness of customers—a good many of them making no bones of their dissatisfaction—permission was given to throw away the glasses and hastily switch to the 2-D version. Whereupon business at the Randolph took a turn for the better."
Dial M for Murder marked the end of the brief flirtation with 3-D films of the early 1950s. Hitchcock said of 3-D: "It's a nine-day wonder, and I came in on the ninth day."
The dual-strip system was used for the February 1980 revival of the film in 3D at the York Theater in San Francisco, California. This revival performed so well that Warner Bros. did a limited national re-release of the film in February 1982 using Chris Condon's single-strip StereoVision 3-D system. The re-release included a sold-out engagement at the Detroit Institute of Arts.
The film was shown in 3D in some UK cinemas during the summer of 2013 and in Italy at the beginning of fall of the same year.
Warner Bros. released Dial M for Murder as a 3D Blu-ray on October 9, 2012.
Reception
"This is a technical triumph that Hitchcock has achieved," wrote Bosley Crowther of The New York Times in a favourable review. "It is one for which he needed good actors. He has them—and the best of the lot is John Williams, late of the stage play, who is the detective who solves the sinister ruse." Variety wrote: "There are a number of basic weaknesses in the set-up that keep the picture from being a good suspense show for any but the most gullible. Via the performances and several suspense tricks expected of Hitchcock, the weaknesses are glossed over to some extent but not enough to rate the film a cinch winner." Harrison's Reports wrote that the film "shapes up as no more than a mild entertainment, despite the expert direction of Hitchcock and the competent acting of the players. The chief weakness is that the action is slow, caused by the fact that the story unfolds almost entirely by dialogue."
Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called the film "completely choice," with Williams and Dawson "smooth as silk in reprising their stage roles," adding, "Hitch has a field day with his camera angles, darting our eyes now here, now there, doing tingling tricks with shadows and long longshots in quick contrast to fuzzed close-ups. It's the work of a master enjoying his script." John McCarten of The New Yorker wrote a generally positive review, writing that he wished the script would give Hitchcock "a chance to cut loose with one of those spectacular chases he used to specialise in," but finding that after a talky opening 30 minutes, "things speed up once the murder wheels are set in motion, and eventually the piece becomes grimly diverting." The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that the film "offers the prolific Hitchcock little more than an opportunity to carpenter a neat piece of filmed theatre—an opportunity which perhaps satisfied the master a little more than it does us ... The characters are fitted to their situations, and hardly exist in themselves (nor are they enlivened by the rather drab performances of Ray Milland, Grace Kelly and Robert Cummings); only John Williams' dry, sardonic police inspector has a touch of individuality."
On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a "Certified Fresh" rating of 89% based on 47 reviews, with an average rating of 7.30/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Dial M for Murder may be slightly off-peak Hitchcock, but by any other standard, it's a sophisticated, chillingly sinister thriller -- and one that boasts an unforgettable performance from Grace Kelly to boot". In 2012, The Guardian called the film "a taut, acidly funny thriller."
The film was listed by American Film Institute in 2001 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills (#48), and in 2008 in AFI's 10 Top 10 (#9 in Mysteries).
Remakes, adaptations, and parodies
As it is considered one of the classic examples of a stage thriller, it has been revived a number of times since, including a US TV film in 1981 with Angie Dickinson and Christopher Plummer. In 1958 the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) aired a television film in which Maurice Evans (as Tony), Williams and Dawson all repeated their roles from the original Broadway play. The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) produced a two-hour color version in 1968 featuring Laurence Harvey as Tony, Diane Cilento as Margot and Hugh O'Brian as Max.
A Perfect Murder is a 1998 remake directed by Andrew Davis in which the characters of Halliday and Swann are combined, with the husband (Michael Douglas) both hiring and coercing his wife's lover (played by Viggo Mortensen) into a scheme to kill her (Gwyneth Paltrow). However, the lover hatches a revenge plot against the husband. Things go disastrously wrong for both of them, bringing in the cold, smoothly dogged police inspector (David Suchet), whose role is much reduced, as it is Gwyneth Paltrow's character, the wife, who unravels much of the mystery.
The television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents premiered in the United States the year after Dial M for Murder was released. The main character in an episode from the series's first season, "Portrait of Jocelyn", is named Mark Halliday. In the episode, Halliday's wife, Jocelyn, has disappeared several years earlier, and at the conclusion, it is revealed that he murdered her.
The original play was also adapted in the Soviet Union in 1981 under the title (Ошибка Тони Вендиса).
The film partially inspired a Hindi-language version in 1985, released as Aitbaar, starring Raj Babbar, Dimple Kapadia and Suresh Oberoi. A Tamil-language adaptation, titled Saavi, with Sathyaraj, Saritha, Jaishankar and Nizhalgal Ravi, was released in the same year. The film also inspired a Malayalam-language adaptation as New Year starring Jayaram, Urvashi and Suresh Gopi in 1989. Another Bollywood film, Humraaz (2002), starring Bobby Deol, Akshaye Khanna, and Amisha Patel, was inspired by A Perfect Murder.
The episode "The Fifth Stair" of the TV series 77 Sunset Strip recreated Dial M for Murder, with Richard Long portraying Tony Wendice.
The third episode of the sixth season of Frasier is titled "Dial M for Martin". The plot centres on the title character's father believing that his younger son is subconsciously trying to kill him when he is beset by a series of mishaps seemingly caused by Frasier's younger brother, Niles.
The season 1 finale of the TV series Archer is titled "Dial M for Mother" in reference to the film. In the episode, Sterling Archer is given a brain implant which makes him subconsciously want to kill his mother Malory.
The New Vic Theatre staged a production of the play in its main house (in the round) in 2017. It was directed by Peter Leslie Wild and the cast featured William Ellis as Tony. The play received positive press reviews.
In 2022, another stage adaptation of Dial M for Murder written by Jeffrey Hatcher and approved by the Knott estate opened at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego, CA. Hatcher kept the original setting of 1950s London, but changed the character of "Max Halliday" to "Maxine Hadley", making the love affair with Margot a lesbian one. That and other changes garnered critical praise. The adaptation has enjoyed many productions since its premiere.
See also
List of films featuring home invasions
References
External links
1954 films
1954 3D films
1950s crime thriller films
1950s psychological thriller films
Adultery in films
American 3D films
American crime thriller films
American films based on plays
American psychological thriller films
Films about capital punishment
Films about contract killing
Films about miscarriage of justice
Films directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Films produced by Alfred Hitchcock
Films set in London
Films scored by Dimitri Tiomkin
Films shot in Los Angeles County, California
Home invasions in film
Films about telephony
Warner Bros. films
1950s English-language films
1950s American films |
The Oxford Martyrs were Protestants tried for heresy in 1555 and burnt at the stake in Oxford, England, for their religious beliefs and teachings, during the Marian persecution in England.
The three martyrs were the Church of England bishops Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley and Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
History
The three were tried at University Church of St Mary the Virgin, the official church of the University of Oxford on the High Street, Oxford. The men were imprisoned at the former Bocardo Prison near the extant St Michael at the North Gate church (at the north gate of the city walls) in Cornmarket Street. The door of their cell is on display in the tower of the church.
The men were burnt at the stake just outside the city walls to the north, where Broad Street is now located. Latimer and Ridley were burnt on 16 October 1555 for denying the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Cranmer was burnt five months later on 21 March 1556.
A small area paved with granite setts forming a cross in the centre of the road outside the front of Balliol College marks the site. The Victorian spire-like Martyrs' Memorial, at the south end of St Giles' nearby, commemorates the events.
In literature
Lydia Sigourney's poem was published in her 1827 collection of poetry.
Gallery
See also
Christian martyrs
James Brooks, one of the papal sub-delegates in the Royal Commission for the trial
List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation
Martyrs' Memorial, Oxford
Oxford Movement
Religion in the United Kingdom
References
1555 in England
1556 in England
Groups of Anglican saints
History of Oxford
Christianity in Oxford
16th-century Christian saints
16th-century Protestant martyrs
1555 deaths
People executed under Mary I of England
Martyred groups
Executed British people
People executed for heresy
16th-century English people
People executed by the Kingdom of England by burning
Executed English people
Protestant martyrs of England |
```c
/* filter_neon_intrinsics.c - NEON optimised filter functions
*
* Written by James Yu <james.yu at linaro.org>, October 2013.
* Based on filter_neon.S, written by Mans Rullgard, 2011.
*
* Last changed in libpng 1.6.16 [December 22, 2014]
*
* This code is released under the libpng license.
* For conditions of distribution and use, see the disclaimer
* and license in png.h
*/
#include "../pngpriv.h"
#ifdef PNG_READ_SUPPORTED
/* This code requires -mfpu=neon on the command line: */
#if PNG_ARM_NEON_IMPLEMENTATION == 1 /* intrinsics code from pngpriv.h */
#include <arm_neon.h>
/* libpng row pointers are not necessarily aligned to any particular boundary,
* however this code will only work with appropriate alignment. arm/arm_init.c
* checks for this (and will not compile unless it is done). This code uses
* variants of png_aligncast to avoid compiler warnings.
*/
#define png_ptr(type,pointer) png_aligncast(type *,pointer)
#define png_ptrc(type,pointer) png_aligncastconst(const type *,pointer)
/* The following relies on a variable 'temp_pointer' being declared with type
* 'type'. This is written this way just to hide the GCC strict aliasing
* warning; note that the code is safe because there never is an alias between
* the input and output pointers.
*/
#define png_ldr(type,pointer)\
(temp_pointer = png_ptr(type,pointer), *temp_pointer)
#if PNG_ARM_NEON_OPT > 0
void
png_read_filter_row_up_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16, pp += 16)
{
uint8x16_t qrp, qpp;
qrp = vld1q_u8(rp);
qpp = vld1q_u8(pp);
qrp = vaddq_u8(qrp, qpp);
vst1q_u8(rp, qrp);
}
}
void
png_read_filter_row_sub3_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x16_t vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp);
uint8x8x2_t *vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t, &vtmp);
uint8x8x2_t vrp = *vrpt;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop;)
{
uint8x8_t vtmp1, vtmp2;
uint32x2_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 3);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[0]);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 6);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vtmp1);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[1], vrp.val[1], 1);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp2);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp1);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp + 12);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t, &vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[0]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[1]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[2]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[3]), 0);
rp += 3;
}
PNG_UNUSED(prev_row)
}
void
png_read_filter_row_sub4_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16)
{
uint32x2x4_t vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp));
uint8x8x4_t *vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
uint8x8x4_t vrp = *vrpt;
uint32x2x4_t *temp_pointer;
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vrp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vrp.val[3]);
vst4_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2x4_t,&vdest), 0);
}
PNG_UNUSED(prev_row)
}
void
png_read_filter_row_avg3_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x16_t vtmp;
uint8x8x2_t *vrpt;
uint8x8x2_t vrp;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
for (; rp < rp_stop; pp += 12)
{
uint8x8_t vtmp1, vtmp2, vtmp3;
uint8x8x2_t *vppt;
uint8x8x2_t vpp;
uint32x2_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld1q_u8(pp);
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 3);
vdest.val[0] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 3);
vtmp3 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 6);
vdest.val[1] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vtmp2);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp1);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 6);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[1], vrp.val[1], 1);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp + 12);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vdest.val[2] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp2);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp3);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[1], vpp.val[1], 1);
vdest.val[3] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp2);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vtmp1);
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[0]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[1]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[2]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[3]), 0);
rp += 3;
}
}
void
png_read_filter_row_avg4_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16, pp += 16)
{
uint32x2x4_t vtmp;
uint8x8x4_t *vrpt, *vppt;
uint8x8x4_t vrp, vpp;
uint32x2x4_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp));
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptrc(uint32_t,pp));
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vdest.val[0] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vpp.val[1]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vrp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vpp.val[2]);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vrp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vpp.val[3]);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[3]);
vst4_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2x4_t,&vdest), 0);
}
}
static uint8x8_t
paeth(uint8x8_t a, uint8x8_t b, uint8x8_t c)
{
uint8x8_t d, e;
uint16x8_t p1, pa, pb, pc;
p1 = vaddl_u8(a, b); /* a + b */
pc = vaddl_u8(c, c); /* c * 2 */
pa = vabdl_u8(b, c); /* pa */
pb = vabdl_u8(a, c); /* pb */
pc = vabdq_u16(p1, pc); /* pc */
p1 = vcleq_u16(pa, pb); /* pa <= pb */
pa = vcleq_u16(pa, pc); /* pa <= pc */
pb = vcleq_u16(pb, pc); /* pb <= pc */
p1 = vandq_u16(p1, pa); /* pa <= pb && pa <= pc */
d = vmovn_u16(pb);
e = vmovn_u16(p1);
d = vbsl_u8(d, b, c);
e = vbsl_u8(e, a, d);
return e;
}
void
png_read_filter_row_paeth3_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x16_t vtmp;
uint8x8x2_t *vrpt;
uint8x8x2_t vrp;
uint8x8_t vlast = vdup_n_u8(0);
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
for (; rp < rp_stop; pp += 12)
{
uint8x8x2_t *vppt;
uint8x8x2_t vpp;
uint8x8_t vtmp1, vtmp2, vtmp3;
uint32x2_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld1q_u8(pp);
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vdest.val[0] = paeth(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0], vlast);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 3);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 3);
vdest.val[1] = paeth(vdest.val[0], vtmp2, vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp1);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 6);
vtmp3 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 6);
vdest.val[2] = paeth(vdest.val[1], vtmp3, vtmp2);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp1);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[1], vrp.val[1], 1);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[1], vpp.val[1], 1);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp + 12);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vdest.val[3] = paeth(vdest.val[2], vtmp2, vtmp3);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vtmp1);
vlast = vtmp2;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[0]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[1]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[2]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[3]), 0);
rp += 3;
}
}
void
png_read_filter_row_paeth4_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
uint8x8_t vlast = vdup_n_u8(0);
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16, pp += 16)
{
uint32x2x4_t vtmp;
uint8x8x4_t *vrpt, *vppt;
uint8x8x4_t vrp, vpp;
uint32x2x4_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp));
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptrc(uint32_t,pp));
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vdest.val[0] = paeth(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0], vlast);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = paeth(vdest.val[0], vpp.val[1], vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vrp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = paeth(vdest.val[1], vpp.val[2], vpp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vrp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = paeth(vdest.val[2], vpp.val[3], vpp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[3]);
vlast = vpp.val[3];
vst4_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2x4_t,&vdest), 0);
}
}
#endif /* PNG_ARM_NEON_OPT > 0 */
#endif /* PNG_ARM_NEON_IMPLEMENTATION == 1 (intrinsics) */
#endif /* READ */
``` |
Röhrmoos is a municipality in the district of Dachau in Bavaria in Germany. It is located ca. 25 km northwest of München. The community is located between the Amper and Glonn valleys.
History
Röhrmoos is first mentioned by name in AD 774. The original name was 'Roraga Mussea' which roughly translates as 'marshy swamp with reeds'. The document of 774 describes a wealthy man named Onolf who owned property in 'Rorage Mussea'. Onolf's son was murdered in a clan feud, so Onolf donated a chapel to the church in Freising to help in the salvation of his son's soul.
A parish church is first recorded in 1424, (St. John the Baptist).
Röhrmoos later became part of the Dachau Regional Court of the Electorate of Bavaria. It then became a municipality in the Bavarian Reforms of 1818.
The first railway between Munich and Ingolstadt was built through Röhrmoos in 1866/67. There was a serious railway accident in Röhrmoos on July 7, 1889 when 10 people were killed.
Near the end of World War II, Allied bombers were seen directly over Röhrmoos on their way to bombing raids over Munich. Units of the U.S. Army passed through Röhrmoos during its Liberation of nearby Dachau Concentration Camp on April 28/29, 1945. After the war, many ethnic Germans from Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) and other regions of Eastern Europe who were expelled from their homelands settled in the areas around Röhrmoos.
In the 1972 Bavarian regional reforms, several nearby communities joined into the municipality of Röhrmoos.
The 1999 a short scene from the German children's movie Pünktchen und Anton was filmed on a hilly road just outside of Röhrmoos near Schönbrunn.
Mariabrunn
In 1662 the forested area at Mariabrunn became a pilgrimage site after a woodcutter drank from a local spring and was miraculously healed of his chronic pain. He attributed his healing to the Virgin Mary and soon other people began to flock to this spring to drink from its waters. The Elector of Bavaria (Ferdinand Maria), ordered a small chapel to be built near the miraculous spring.
In 1863 a Health Spa Resort House was built at Mariabrunn that offered teas, herbs and baths. Amalie Hohenester was active as a healer with her own practice from 1862 onward. Many noble guests visited the Spa including Empress Elisabeth of Austria.
A brewery was built there as well. Today a beer garden is there at the site.
Schönbrunn
Schönbrunn is a nearby village that has its origins from around 800 AD. During the Thirty Years War it is noted in 1632 several people were killed in Schönbrunn. After the war, a palace was built in 1688.
In 1861 the castle was in dire need of renovation and was sold to a local noblewoman, (Countess von Butler). She was committed to the care of disabled people and with the help of the Catholic Church, several Franciscan Sisters moved to Schönbrunn to form a home for the handicapped.
Today the area has expanded as a large institution for the physically and mentally handicapped known as Franziskuswerk Schönbrunn.
In 2015 Schönbrunn opened a refugee camp during the migrant crisis.
Partnership in France
Since 1991 the community of Röhrmoos has partnered with the town of Taradeau in southern France. The two partner towns have exchanged visitors and have annual market days in the summer, where visitors from Taradeau (in traditional costumes) sell their products of Wine, Olives, Cheese and Nougat. Visitors from Röhrmoos do a similar market day in Taradeau once a year as well.
Mayor, Services and Communities
The mayor of Röhrmoos is Dieter Kugler (CSU) since 2014.
Much of the community is residential with some agriculture, forestry and some manufacturing businesses. In the nearby Arzbacher Forst there is a 112-meter-high radio tower, which originally served as a relay station for the US military.
The Sportsclub is 'Spielvereinigung Röhrmoos'.
Röhrmoos has 14 local communities:
References
Dachau (district) |
```ruby
require 'spec_helper'
require 'cfn-model'
require 'cfn-nag/custom_rules/EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule'
describe EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule do
describe 'AWS::EMR::Cluster' do
context 'when SecurityConfiguration property is set and config exists in the same template' do
it 'does not return an offending logical resource id' do
cfn_model = CfnParser.new.parse read_test_template('yaml/emr_cluster/emr_cluster_with_properly_configured_encryption.yml')
actual_logical_resource_ids = EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule.new.audit_impl cfn_model
expect(actual_logical_resource_ids).to eq []
end
end
context 'when SecurityConfiguration property is not set or is external' do
it 'returns an offending logical resource id' do
cfn_model = CfnParser.new.parse read_test_template('yaml/emr_cluster/emr_cluster_without_security_configuration.yml')
actual_logical_resource_ids = EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule.new.audit_impl cfn_model
expect(actual_logical_resource_ids).to eq %w[
EMRClusterWithoutSecurityConfiguration
EMRClusterWithExternalSecurityConfiguration
]
end
end
end
end
``` |
The 2023 Morehouse Maroon Tigers volleyball team, the second ever Morehouse volleyball team represents Morehouse College in the 2023 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season. The Maroon Tigers, led by first year head coach Ashley Johnson, play their home games at Forbes Arena. The Maroon Tigers compete as members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. Morehouse was picked to finish sixth in the 2023 SIAC preseason poll.
Season highlights
Will be filled in as the season progresses.
Roster
Schedule
TV/Internet Streaming information:
Select home games will be streamed on HBCU League Pass+. Most road games will also be streamed by the schools streaming service.
*-Indicates conference match.
Times listed are Eastern Time Zone.
Announcers for televised games
Mount Olive:
Reinhardt:
Reinhardt:
Life:
St. Andrews:
Benedict:
Tusculum:
Tusculum:
Kentucky State:
Central State:
Belmont Abbey:
Fort Valley State:
Benedict:
Life:
Edward Waters:
Central State:
Kentucky State:
Edward Waters:
References
2023 in sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
2023 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season
2023 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference men's volleyball season |
This is a list of palaces in Serbia. The list includes preserved, restored, and remains (ruins) of palaces (palate), châteaux and castles (dvorci and zamci), courts (dvorovi), residences (konaci), villas (vile), etc. There are over 200 palaces in Serbia, including manor houses. Palaces in Serbia are preserved from the Roman, Byzantine, medieval Serbian and post-Ottoman eras, with most being built after the 16th century. The majority of palaces have been renovated throughout history, as well as changing ownership, use, or original intent. Many palaces are used for different institutions, such as the Obrenović Palace originally being the royal palace of the Obrenović dynasty, now housing the City Assembly of Belgrade. This list does not include military castles and fortifications, which are listed in a separate article.
List
Palaces located within Kosovo are indicated in grey.
Further reading
See also
Cultural Heritage of Serbia
List of World Heritage Sites in Serbia
Immovable Cultural Heritage of Great Importance (Serbia)
List of Serbian royal residences
List of cities in Serbia
List of fortifications in Serbia
External links
The Castles of Serbia dvorcisrbije.rs
Castles in Vojvodina dvorci.info
Ruins in Serbia
Royal residences in Serbia
Palaces
Serbia
Palaces |
Lema is a genus of beetles in the family Chrysomelidae.
Selected species
Over 1300 species are in the genus Lema, organised into several subgenera:
Subgenus Lema Curtis, 1830
Lema cirsicola Chûjô, 1959
Lema concinnipennis Baly, 1865
Lema coreensis Monrós, 1960
Lema coronata Baly, 1873
Lema cyanella Linnaeus, 1758
Lema delicatula Baly, 1873
Lema dilecta Baly, 1873
Lema diversa Baly, 1873
Lema externevittata Pic, 1943
Lema fortunei Baly, 1859
Lema praeusta (Fabricius, 1792)
Lema puncticollis Curtis, 1830
Lema scutellaris (Kraatz, 1879)
Subgenus Microlema Pic, 1932
Lema decempunctata (Gebler, 1829)
Subgenus Petauristes Latreille, 1829
Lema adamsii Baly, 1865
Lema honorata Baly, 1873
Subgenus Quasilema Monrós, 1951
Lema balteata LeConte, 1884
Lema bilineata (Germar, 1823)
Lema circumvittata Clark in Bates and Clark, 1866
Lema confusa Chevrolat, 1835
Lema conjuncta Lacordaire, 1845
Lema daturaphila Kogan and Goeden, 1970
Lema maderensis R. White, 1993
Lema melanofrons R. White, 1993
Lema nigrovittata (Sahlberg, 1878)
Lema opulenta Harold in Gemminger & Harold, 1874
Lema pubipes Clark in Bates and Clark, 1866
Lema solani Fabricius, 1798
Lema trivittata Weber, 1909
References
Criocerinae
Chrysomelidae genera |
Zip Comics was the name of an American anthology comic book series published by MLJ Magazines Inc., more commonly known as MLJ Comics, for 47 issues between February 1940 and Summer 1944. It featured a number of adventure, humor and costumed hero stories throughout the series, including the first appearance of superhero "Steel Sterling" and the earliest appearances of the humor strip Wilbur, who later had his own long-running series for Archie Comics.
Publication history
Zip Comics was published by MLJ Magazines Inc., the precursor to what would become the publisher Archie Comics. In common with MLJ's other three main anthology titles, Blue Ribbon Comics, Top-Notch Comics and Pep Comics, Zip Comics contained a mixture of superhero and costumed hero adventure, mystery, war, detective and fantasy strips. The series was edited by Harry Shorten.
The feature story in every issue was the superhero Steel Sterling, drawn by Irv Novick and originally written by Abner Sundell and Charles Biro; later issues were written by Joe Blair. Steel is a chemist who dunks himself into a chemically-treated cauldron of bubbling molten steel, hardening his body and making him "the Man of Steel", a sobriquet not adopted for DC Comics' Superman until some years after this series ended. At the beginning of the series, Steel has a girlfriend named Dora; after a while, he acquires comic-relief sidekicks named Clancy and Looney.
Steel Sterling was supported by a number of other long-running series, the war adventure "War Eagles, the Devil's Flying Twins" (#1–27) by Ed Smalle, concerning two young American airmen who join the Royal Air Force to continue a feud with a German pilot who was their fencing adversary; "Captain Valor" 'the hard-bitten adventurer' by Mort Meskin (#1–26), who 'resigns his commission in the U.S. Marine Corps to seek adventure, because the Marines are no longer exciting enough for him' and heads for the Far East; the costumed crime-fighting magician "Zambini the Miracle Man" – (#1–35), called "The Miracle Man, Zambini the Magician" in issue #1 only, by Ed Wexler, "Nevada Jones, Quick Trigger Man" (#1–25), a 'cowboy Cattle Detective' forced to become a masked outlaw doing good in secret after being framed for murder; and the masked gangbuster "Scarlet Avenger" (#1–17). These stories were accompanied in early issues by "Kalthar the Giant Man" 'King of the Jungle' (#1–9) by Lin Streeter and the adventurer "Mr Satan" (#1–9) an 'International Detective and Soldier of Fortune' . Both these stories were replaced from issue #10 by the fantasy fairy tale "Dicky in the Magic Forest" (#10–26) by Lin Golden and "Red Reagan of the Homicide Squad" (#10–19). In the early Zip Comics there was only one humor strip, "Mugsy" by Kim Platt (#1-#6), about a dog who always ended up back in the pet shop window because of his escapades.
From issue #18 (September 1941) a new strip, "Wilbur", replaced the "Scarlet Avenger". Published four months before MLJ's most successful character, "Archie Andrews", Wilbur was also a teen humor strip that outlasted his home title, graduating to his own long-running series in 1944 after appearing for the rest of the Zip Comics run. He was soon joined by two other costumed heroes, "Black Jack" (#20–35) who replaced Red Reagan, and, replacing "Nevada Jones", "The Web" (#27–38) who was also the subject of text stories in most issues he featured in. Three issues during this period contained one-off supernatural tales, "Stories of the Black Witch", while "Zip's Hall of Fame" in most issues from #28–38 began with heroic stories of wartime American servicemen, but soon moved to the war exploits of a Russian female patriotic hero, Maria Baida, an Irishman fighting in China, Serbian guerrilla resistance leader Draza Mihailovic in issue #30, a 72-year-old female Serb Chetnik guerrilla fighter, Drina Cachalka in issue #34, and Russian military hero Marshal Timoshenko, although issue #33 (Jan. 1943) also contained the only "Zip's Hall of Shame", about German S.S. Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich.
Eventually, as part of MLJs change in editorial policy from superheroes towards humor comics, although "Steel Sterling" retained his place in Zip Comics, in issue #35 (March 1943) "Wilbur" was joined by teen humor strip "Ginger", and in the following issues MLJ replaced the other costumed heroes with further humor content, such as funny-animal characters "Chimpy", "Woody the Woodpecker" (not the same as the better-known Woody Woodpecker character), "Senor Banana" a comic strip with a continuing storyline, and country folk "The Applejacks", together with text stories of both "Ginger" and "The Applejacks". From then on until the end of the series only one other non-humor strip ran in Zip Comics, orphan Rueben Rueben, "Red Rube", a superhero who could call on the powers of his ancestors (who were all called Reuben Reuben) by saying 'Hey Rube' , and who replaced Steel Sterling as the star on the cover from his first issue, most in a humorous style instead of the war/adventure scenarios of the earlier Steel Sterling Zip Comics covers.
The series ended with issue #47, and has not been revived since. However, in August 2009 Michael Uslan announced that five one-off comics reviving the Archie-as-superhero 'Pureheart' concept would be released in 2010, one of those titles being Zip Comics.
Series features
"Steel Sterling" – (#1–47) many text stories also
"The Miracle Man, Zambini the Magician" – (#1–35) "Zambini the Miracle Man" from #2
"Scarlet Avenger" – (#1–17)
"Nevada Jones, Cattle Detective" – (#1–25) "Nevada Jones, Quick Trigger Man" from #2
"Kalthar the Giant Man" – (#1–9)
"War Eagles, the Devil's Flying Twins" – (#1–27)
"Captain Valor" – (#1–26)
"Mr Satan" – (#1–9)
"Mugsy" – (#1–6)
"Dicky in the Magic Forest" – (#10–26)
"Red Reagan of the Homicide Squad" – (#10–19) "Red Reagan" from #18
"Wilbur" – (#18–45) text stories also
"Black Jack" – (#20–35)
"The Web" – (#27–38) text stories also
"Zoom O'Day" – (#30–32)
"Ginger" – (#35–47) text stories also
"Chimpy" – (#36–37, 39–45)
"Senor Banana – (#36–46)
"Woody the Woodpecker" – (#36, 37, 39)
"The Applejacks" – (#36–38, 40–46) text stories also
"Red Rube" – superhero (#39–47)
Publication history: Other
A short-lived U.K. underground comix imprint cOZmic Comics, published by H.Bunch Associates Publications, issued an unrelated 36-page Zip Comics in 1973, featuring mainly strips by British cartoonist Edward Barker and some early Dave Gibbons artwork.
Notes
References
Overstreet,Robert M., ed. Official Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, 38th Edition (Gemstone Publishing, 2008)
Thompson, Maggie, Brent Frankenhoff and Peter Bickford, eds. Comic Buyer's Guide Standard Catalog of Comic Books (Krause Publications, 2008)
Comics magazines published in the United States
Golden Age comics titles
1940 comics debuts
1944 comics endings
Superhero comics
Magazines established in 1941
Magazines disestablished in 1953 |
Anan or ANAN may refer to:
People
Anan (name)
Places
Anan, Haute-Garonne, a commune in the Haute-Garonne département, France
Anan, Nagano, a town in Nagano, Japan
Anan, Tokushima, a city in Tokushima, Japan
Other uses
Anan (film), a Malayalam-language drama film
Anan (magazine), a Japanese magazine
Ananites, the first Karaites
Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN), a professional association
See also
Annan (disambiguation)
Chok anan, mango |
The Norfolk Regional Center is a psychiatric hospital located in Norfolk, Nebraska. It is one of three regional centers operated by the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services.
The Norfolk center commenced operations in 1888 as the State Hospital for the Insane. At its peak, it housed over 1300 patients. As of 2010, it functioned as a 120-bed facility for the initial treatment of sex offenders.
History
In 1870, the Nebraska Legislature created the Nebraska Asylum for the Insane in the capital city of Lincoln. The state's increasing population led to overcrowding at the Lincoln hospital; in 1885, the Legislature appropriated $75,000 to build a second facility in the Norfolk area, subject to the city's donating of good land. The first building was completed in 1886,
and the hospital opened in 1888 with 97 patients, as the State Hospital for the Insane.
For many years, the hospital was a self-sufficient community, with a complete farm operation. Inmates were responsible for most of the work on the farm and in the dairy, in addition to doing custodial work in the buildings.
Although there were cases of genuine serious mental illness among the patients, many would not be considered mentally ill or in need of institutionalization today. In the 19th century, patients were admitted for such reasons as "domestic trouble, disappointment in love, financial trouble, hepatic dullness, heredity, , intemperance, overwork, overstudy, religious excitement, sun stroke, and others." One young girl had been admitted to the asylum because of homesickness.
By 1898, expansions of the facility had brought its capacity up to 300 patients. In 1901, a fire destroyed all but one building. Only one patient died, when he ran back into a burning building; the progress of the fire was slow enough to allow much of the furniture and personal property to be saved. The patients were moved to the mental institutions in Lincoln and in Hastings; the latter had been opened in 1889.
In 1905, the facility was re-opened, with three ward cottages and an administration building. More buildings were constructed as the patient population increased. At its peak, the facility housed more than 1300 patients. There was a prize-winning dairy herd, and patients and staff butchered their own meat, preserved vegetables, and produced their own clothing and power.
The facility's name was changed to the Norfolk State Hospital in 1920. Up to this time, patient care had been almost entirely custodial; in the 1920s, the first attempts at treatment of mental illness were made. These included recreational and occupational therapy—the hospital had a chorus and orchestra, and held plays and dances—but also electroconvulsive therapy, and later insulin shock therapy, hydrotherapy, and fever therapy.
Deinstitutionalization and new focus
The development of psychiatric drugs beginning in the early 1950s offered the prospect of rehabilitating many patients. As progress was made in the treatment of mental illness, the hospital's population declined.
In 1962, the name of the facility was changed to "Norfolk Regional Center". In the following year, the Nebraska Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, later renamed the Norfolk Veterans' Home, was established on the center's campus. It remained there until 2001, when it was moved to a new site elsewhere in Norfolk.
Following the passage of mental-health-care legislation in 2004, increasing numbers of patients were moved from the state regional centers to community-based treatment programs. A 2005 study commissioned by the Nebraska Legislature urged the conversion of the center to a treatment center for prison inmates who used methamphetamine. However, by 2006, there were only 100 beds remaining at the center, and its future was in doubt.
In that same year, however, the Legislature passed a measure broadening the definition of a sex offender, and adding new requirements for post-prison treatment. The Regional Center was converted to a center for such treatment. In mid-2006, it discharged its final mental-health patient and devoted itself exclusively to sex offenders.
Current status
As of 2010, the Norfolk Regional Center was a 120-bed facility providing Phase I services in the Nebraska Sex Offender Treatment Program. In the three-phase program, Phase I "orients patients to the treatment process; begins working with patients to accept full responsibility for their sex offending and sexually deviant behaviors; teaches patients to give and receive feedback and utilize coping skills; and builds motivation for the intensive treatment in Phases II and III which are provided at Lincoln Regional Center."
Patients included about 50 level-three offenders, who are considered at high risk of re-offending. All patients were confined to the facility, which has high-security correctional fences and locking doors with badge readers and security codes. Patients were also monitored constantly, both to ensure compliance with treatment and to prevent escapes. The center's recent recidivism rate was 13.7%.
With the decrease in the patient load, many of the facility's buildings were no longer needed. As of 2010, some of these had been demolished, while others were to be torn down when funds became available. Still other buildings were used by Northeast Community College, which is adjacent to the Regional Center.
References
External links
Video of interior of old building before demolition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGAXgbhE2R4
Video of interior of old building before demolition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo8LL6yXDyI
Video of interior of old building before demolition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZlgZRBsBY8
Hospital buildings completed in 1886
Psychiatric hospitals in Nebraska
Buildings and structures in Madison County, Nebraska |
Fu:el was a Danish boy band consisting of the members Lars Thomsen, Theis Keller, Patrick Hellegård, Tarik Bakir and Martin Bunk. They became known as participants of the third season of the reality show Popstars in the spring of 2003, where the goal was to form a new Danish boyband.
The group had a recording contract with EMI for which they released the single "Please, Please". The single reached number one on the Danish singles charts (Hitlisten). The single was followed by the group's debut album Next, Please in September 2003, but it went on to sell only 5.000 copies and received appalling reviews with only 1 out of 6 stars in the music magazine GAFFA.
Discography
Albums
2003: Next, Please
Singles
2003: "Please Please" (#1 on Hitlisten)
2003: "Next Summer"
References
Popstars winners
Danish boy bands
2003 establishments in Denmark |
José Luis Escobar Alas (born 10 March 1959 in Suchitoto), Archbishop of San Salvador in El Salvador, succeeded Archbishop Emeritus Fernando Sáenz Lacalle as the seventh archbishop, a successor of Archbishop Óscar Romero who was assassinated in 1980.
Archbishop Escobar served as Bishop of San Vicente since 2005, prior to his elevation as archbishop on 27 December 2008. He was previously Auxiliary Bishop (also in the diocese of San Vicente) from 2002, having entered the priesthood in 1982. Escobar was born in the town of Suchitoto in the department of Cuzcatlán. He studied for the priesthood at San José de la Montaña Seminary in San Salvador before entering the Seminario Mayor de Morelia in Mexico. He later graduated with a philosophy degree from the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome. He was ordained a priest on August 15, 1982.
Thereafter, he was Rector of the San Vicente Diocesan Seminary before teaching at San José de la Montaña Seminary in San Salvador, after which he was appointed to the Nuestra Señora del Pilar (Our Lady of the Pillar) parish in San Vicente. Escobar served as Vicar General of the diocese of San Vicente before being named an Auxiliary Bishop by Pope John Paul II on January 19, 2002. He was consecrated as an Auxiliary Bishop on March 23, 2002 and then was promoted Bishop of San Vicente on July 9, 2005, where he served until becoming Archbishop of San Salvador in 2006.
In late December 2012, the Archbishop Escobar authorised the removal of the tiled ceramic mural façade of the San Salvador Cathedral, El Salvador's principal basilica, without consultation with the national government nor the artist, Fernando Llort. This resulted in the destruction of all the 2,700 tiles of the mural which depicted former archbishop Óscar Romero.
In July 2022 he voiced his support for the government's crackdown on gangs.
See also
Metropolitan Cathedral of San Salvador
References
External links
Catholic-Hierarchy - José Luis Escobar Alas
1959 births
Living people
People from Cuscatlán Department
Roman Catholic archbishops of San Salvador
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in El Salvador
Pontifical Gregorian University alumni
Salvadoran Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic bishops of San Vicente |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
require "spec_helper"
describe "Edit initiative" do
let(:organization) { create(:organization) }
let(:user) { create(:user, :confirmed, organization:) }
let(:initiative_title) { translated(initiative.title) }
let(:new_title) { "This is my initiative new title" }
let!(:initiative_type) { create(:initiatives_type, :attachments_enabled, :online_signature_enabled, organization:) }
let!(:scoped_type) { create(:initiatives_type_scope, type: initiative_type) }
let!(:other_initiative_type) { create(:initiatives_type, :attachments_enabled, organization:) }
let!(:other_scoped_type) { create(:initiatives_type_scope, type: initiative_type) }
let(:initiative_path) { decidim_initiatives.initiative_path(initiative) }
let(:edit_initiative_path) { decidim_initiatives.edit_initiative_path(initiative) }
shared_examples "manage update" do
it "can be updated" do
visit initiative_path
click_on("Edit")
expect(page).to have_content "Edit Initiative"
within "form.edit_initiative" do
fill_in :initiative_title, with: new_title
click_on "Update"
end
expect(page).to have_content(new_title)
end
end
before do
switch_to_host(organization.host)
login_as user, scope: :user
end
describe "when user is initiative author" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, author: user, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it_behaves_like "manage update"
it "does not show the header's edit link" do
visit initiative_path
within ".main-bar" do
expect(page).to have_no_link("Edit")
end
end
it "does not have status field" do
expect(page).to have_no_xpath("//select[@id='initiative_state']")
end
it "allows adding attachments" do
visit initiative_path
click_on("Edit")
expect(page).to have_content "Edit Initiative"
expect(initiative.reload.attachments.count).to eq(0)
dynamically_attach_file(:initiative_documents, Decidim::Dev.asset("Exampledocument.pdf"))
dynamically_attach_file(:initiative_photos, Decidim::Dev.asset("avatar.jpg"))
within "form.edit_initiative" do
click_on "Update"
end
expect(initiative.reload.documents.count).to eq(1)
expect(initiative.photos.count).to eq(1)
expect(initiative.attachments.count).to eq(2)
end
context "when initiative is published" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, author: user, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it "cannot be updated" do
visit decidim_initiatives.initiative_path(initiative)
expect(page).to have_no_content "Edit initiative"
visit edit_initiative_path
expect(page).to have_content("not authorized")
end
end
end
describe "when author is a committee member" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, scoped_type:, organization:) }
before do
create(:initiatives_committee_member, user:, initiative:)
end
it_behaves_like "manage update"
end
describe "when user is admin" do
let(:user) { create(:user, :confirmed, :admin, organization:) }
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it_behaves_like "manage update"
end
describe "when author is not a committee member" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it "renders an error" do
visit decidim_initiatives.initiative_path(initiative)
expect(page).to have_no_content("Edit initiative")
visit edit_initiative_path
expect(page).to have_content("not authorized")
end
end
context "when rich text editor is enabled for participants" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, author: user, scoped_type:, organization:) }
let(:organization) { create(:organization, rich_text_editor_in_public_views: true) }
before do
visit initiative_path
click_on("Edit")
expect(page).to have_content "Edit Initiative"
end
it_behaves_like "having a rich text editor", "edit_initiative", "content"
end
end
``` |
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1598.
Events
Before September – A second edition of Love's Labour's Lost appears in London as the first known printing of a Shakespeare play to have his name on the title page ("Newly corrected and augmented by W. Shakespere").
February 23 – Thomas Bodley refounds the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford.
March 28 – Philip Henslowe contracts Edward Alleyn and Thomas Heywood to act for the Admiral's Men in London for two years.
April 30 – A comedy, by anonymous playwriter about an expedition of soldiers, is very first theatrical performance in North America staged near El Paso for Spanish colonists.
May 3 – The Spanish playwright Lope de Vega marries for the second time, to Juana de Guardo.
c. May – The premiėre of William Haughton's Englishmen for My Money, or, A Woman Will Have Her Will introduces what is seen as the first city comedy, probably by the Admiral's Men at London's Rose Theatre.
c. July/September – Ben Jonson's comedy of humours Every Man in His Humour is probably first performed, by the Lord Chamberlain's Men at the Curtain Theatre, London, perhaps with Shakespeare playing Kno'well.
September 7 – Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia, Wits Treasury is registered for publication, including the first list and critical discussion of Shakespeare's works; he also mentions that Shakespeare's "sugar'd sonnets" are circulating privately.
September 22 – Ben Jonson kills actor Gabriel Spenser in a duel in London and is briefly held in Newgate Prison, but escapes capital punishment by pleading benefit of clergy.
October – Edmund Spenser's castle at Kilcolman, County Cork, near Doneraile in Ireland, is burned down by native forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone. Spenser leaves for London shortly after.
November 25 – Henry Chettle is paid for "mending" a play about Robin Hood to make it suitable for performance at court.
December 28 – London's The Theatre is dismantled.
unknown dates
Lancelot Andrewes turns down the bishoprics of Ely and Salisbury.
The English poet Barnabe Barnes is prosecuted in the Star Chamber for attempted murder of one John Browne, first by offering him a poisoned lemon and then by sweetening his wine with sugar laced with mercury sublimate; Browne survives both attempts.
John Marston's The Metamorphosis of Pigmalion's Image and Certaine Satyres begins a trend in English satirical writing that leads to official suppression in the following year.
New books
Prose
John Bodenham – Politeuphuia (Wits' Commonwealth)
John Florio – A World of Words, Italian/English dictionary, the first dictionary published in England to use quotations ("illustrations") for meaning to the words
Emanuel Ford – Parismus, the Renowned Prince of Bohemia (first part)
King James VI of Scotland – The Trew Law of Free Monarchies
Francis Meres – Palladis Tamia
Merkelis Petkevičius –
John Stow – Survey of London
Zhao Shizhen – Shenqipu (3rd century, possible first publication)
Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer – Enchuyser zeecaertboeck (Enkhuizen book of sea charts)
Drama
Anonymous
The Famous Victories of Henry V earliest known publication
Mucedorus published
The Pilgrimage to Parnassus (earliest possible date of composition)
Jakob Ayrer
Von der Erbauung Roms (The Building of Rome)
Von der schönen Melusina (Fair Melusina)
Samuel Brandon – Virtuous Octavia
Henry Chettle, Henry Porter and Ben Jonson – Hot Anger Soon Cold
Robert Greene – The Scottish History of James IV published
William Haughton – Englishmen for My Money
Ben Jonson – Every Man in His Humour
Anthony Munday – The Downfall of Robert Earl of Huntingdon
Anthony Munday (and Henry Chettle?) – The Death of Robert Earl of Huntingdon
Henry Porter – Love Prevented
William Shakespeare
Henry IV, Part 1 (published)
Love's Labour's Lost (published)
Poetry
Richard Barnfield
The Encomium of Lady Pecunia
Poems in Divers Humours
George Chapman – translation of Homer's Iliad into English
Lope de Vega – La Arcadia and La Dragontea
Christopher Marlowe – Hero and Leander (completed by Chapman following Marlowe's death)
John Marston – The Metamorphosis of Pigmalian's Image and The Scourge of Villanie
Births
March 12 – Guillaume Colletet, French writer (died 1659)
March 13 – Johannes Loccenius, German historian (died 1677)
July 29 – Henricus Regius, Dutch philosopher and correspondent of René Descartes (died 1679)
August 7 – Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (died 1672)
unknown date – Johann George Moeresius, German poet (died 1657)
Deaths
January 2 - Morris Kyffin, Welsh soldier and author (born c.1555)
January 9 – Jasper Heywood, English translator (born 1535)
February 27 – Friedrich Dedekind, German theologian (born 1524)
April 10 – Jacopo Mazzoni, Italian philosopher (born 1548)
August – Alexander Montgomerie, outlawed Scottish poet (born c. 1545/1550)
December 6 – Paolo Paruta, Venetian historian (born 1540)
December 15 – Philips van Marnix, lord of Sint-Aldegonde, Dutch statesman and author (born 1540)
December 31 – Heinrich Rantzau, German humanist writer (born 1526)
unknown date – David Powel, Welsh historian who popularised continuing legends such as that of Prince Madoc (born c. 1549)
References
Years of the 16th century in literature |
Sevvandi Jayakody is a conservationist and echinodermologist from Sri Lanka, who is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Aquaculture & Fisheries at the Wayamba University of Sri Lanka.
Career
Jayakody has a BSc in Zoology from the University of Kelaniya and a PhD in Zoology from the University of Aberdeen. She also has a diploma in Wildlife Management and Conservation from the Wildlife Institute of India. She joined the Sri Lankan Department of Wildlife Conservation as an Assistant Director in 1997, followed post-doctoral research at institutions in Scotland, Canada and Australia. She joined the Department of Aquaculture & Fisheries at the Wayamba University of Sri Lanka in 2001. In 2018 she was the National Coordinator for 18th Conference of the Parties of CITES. In 2021, after the submission of a report by Jayakody to Environment Minister Mahinda Amaraweera, led to the creation of a Highly-Sensitive Marine Protection Zone from Mannar to Rameswaram.
Outspoken on the subject of the climate crisis, Jayakody has commented on the necessity of restoration of mangrove habitats in Sri Lanka in order to act as carbon sinks and to protect coastlines from erosion. She is a member of the National Mangrove Expert Committee, as well as the National Mangrove Task Force, and has led calls for greater collaboration with communities living close to revived mangrove areas. Her research explores how human activities impact aquatic environments.
Selected publications
Subasinghe, Madhusha Mihirani, et al. "Potential health risk assessment of selected metal concentrations of Indian backwater oyster,(Crassostrea madrasensis) from Puttalam lagoon, Sri Lanka." (2022).
Prakash, TG Supun Lahiru, et al. "Current perceptions and the need for a strategic plan for the whale watching industry in Mirissa, Sri Lanka." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 8.3 (2019): 1-16.
Fernando, G. K., et al. "A comparison of the larvivorous habits of exotic Poecilia reticulata and native Aplocheilus parvus." BMC ecology 18.1 (2018): 1-12.
Arachchige, Gayashan M., et al. "A review of previous studies on the Sri Lankan echinoid fauna, with an updated species list." Zootaxa 4231.2 (2017): 151-168.
Jayakody, S., et al. "Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (Essential EAFM) training and TOT in Sri Lanka." (2015).
Jayakody, Sevvanadi. "Provisional checklist of sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Sri Lanka." The national red list (2012): 370-372.
Jayakody, Sevvandi, et al. "Red deer Cervus elephus vigilance behaviour differs with habitat and type of human disturbance." Wildlife biology 14.1 (2008): 81-91.
Jayakody, JADS Sevvandi. A study of the effects of human disturbance on habitat use, behaviour and diet composition in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). University of Aberdeen (United Kingdom), 2005.
References
External links
Will deforestation occur, if 02 tanks are constructed in Sinharaja? Dr. Sevvandi Jayakody responds.
Do or do not, there is no try: Mangroves and their future.
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Women marine biologists
Sri Lankan women scientists
University of Kelaniya
Sri Lankan environmentalists
Sri Lankan women environmentalists |
Twilight is an unincorporated community along Middle Wheeling Creek in Ohio County, West Virginia, United States. Twilight is located on Middle Creek Road, County Route 39, east-southeast of Triadelphia.
A post office was located at Twilight from 1894 to 1902, when it was discontinued, and the mail redirected to Triadelphia. A 1902 USGS topographical survey map shows about ten houses or other buildings at Twilight; there were about sixteen in 1997.
References
Unincorporated communities in Ohio County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia |
This is a list of George Floyd protests in Arizona, United States. Protests occurred in at least nineteen communities in the state, with protests continuing for five weeks in Phoenix.
Locations
Casa Grande
On June 6, dozens of protesters demonstrated at the intersection of Florence Boulevard and Cameron Avenue, in front of City Hall, in support of Black Lives Matter and George Floyd. Another group marched from Peart Park to join the City Hall protesters.
Chandler
Hundreds of people peacefully protested on June 2 in downtown Chandler. No arrests were made, and the protesters left at 8 PM.
Flagstaff
On May 29, approximately 1,000 protesters gathered at Flagstaff City Hall, then marched to Heritage Square and back. Minimal damage was reported to a window of the Flagstaff Police Department's Fourth Street substation window. Similar protests occurred on May 30.
Fountain Hills
On June 25, about 100 protesters gathered in Fountain Hills. The protest was originally scheduled for June 10, but it was postponed due to threats of armed response.
Gilbert
Several people were arrested after a fight between Black Lives Matter and Back the Blue rallies on August 20.
Kingman
A protest took place on June 2 at Locomotive Park, which gathered at least 40 people. One person was arrest for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon for pointing a gun at protesters.
Lake Havasu City
On June 3, a candlelight walk from Rotary Park to London Bridge was held. On June 6, a Black Lives Matter protest of roughly 150 people condemned police brutality and racial injustice.
Maricopa
On May 29, the NAACP held a candlelight vigil at Copper Sky Regional Park to honor George Floyd. On June 1, around 30 protesters demonstrated at Edison Road and State Route 347 to protest Floyd's murder and support Black Lives Matter. At day's end, the protesters, along with Maricopa Police Chief Steve Stahl, took a knee in honor of Floyd before the 8:00 pm curfew.
Mesa
On June 5, around 35 protesters gathered outside the Mesa Police Department and marched down Main Street to the Mesa City Council Chambers.
Nogales
On June 2, a few dozen protesters gathered in Nogales and marched to the border.
Phoenix
Protests took place in Phoenix for at least four weeks following Floyd's murder. Hundreds protested on May 28, with the police using pepper spray and tear gas. Police alleged that protesters destroyed windows and doors to the Arizona Federal Theater and a City of Phoenix government building, as well as several other municipal and private businesses and parked cars. Some lit fireworks and fired shots into the air. On May 29 a separate vigil in honor of Dion Johnson, a 28-year-old man who was shot and killed by a DPS trooper on May 25, was scheduled to be held outside the Arizona Department of Public Safety office, but the location was changed prior to the event to Eastlake Park in East-Central Phoenix. Following a vigil, hundreds of demonstrators marched nearly two miles to the Phoenix Police Department Headquarters located at the intersection of 7th Avenue and Washington Street. Protesters faced off with the police riot line for over two hours before being dispersed by police tear gas. At this time, several demonstrators proceeded to damage property in the vicinity including the FOX 10 Phoenix Studios, Arizona Federal Theater, Sandra Day O'Connor U.S. Courthouse, Phoenix City Court, Chase Tower, Arizona Center, and several other buildings. The protest dissipated by the early hours of May 30.
On the evening of May 30, protesters returned to Downtown Phoenix and protested at several locations. Police remained confrontational, and protesters continued to damage property and paint messages of solidarity on buildings and surfaces around the downtown area.
On May 31 in downtown Phoenix, mere hours after Governor Doug Ducey instituted a state-wide curfew from 8:00 pm to 5:00 am, police blocked street exits, then released tear gas into a captive crowd of protesters. The reason given for the attack was violation of a curfew which had been created by governor Doug Ducey earlier that day. Lacking streets to exit by, protesters fled into the nearby Garfield neighborhood, where police hunted them down. Police assaulted non-protesting neighborhood residents on their own property, including a woman on her front porch, according to statements made by residents to The Arizona Republic. The newspaper described police, rather than protesters, as the aggressors in the night's violence. Hundreds were arrested.
Thousands continued to gather for protests against police brutality on subsequent days in early June.
Peoria
A protest march was held on June 20 as protesters marched from Osuna Park to city hall. The protest was organized by 17-year-old Jacob Wise.
Prescott
More than 150 protesters demonstrated in front of the Prescott Valley Police Department. Minor skirmishes with a pro-law enforcement group were reported on May 30.
Safford
On June 1, about 20 protesters gathered outside the Graham County Chamber of Commerce on Highway 70.
Scottsdale
On May 30, hundreds of people protested in downtown Scottsdale, where rioters caused millions in damage to the Scottsdale Fashion Square area and 12 arrests were made. No officers were injured.
Surprise
On June 3, a few dozen protesters held a demonstration near the Surprise Police Department building and raised their fists when a police officer stopped in front of them to show solidarity.
Tempe
On June 11, an estimated several hundred to 1,000 protesters marched in Tempe with demands to defund the city police.
On July 27, approximately 150-200 protesters gathered at Tempe Beach Park and marched onto the Mill Avenue Bridge, occupying it for several minutes before proceeding east on the north shore of Tempe Town Lake. Protesters arrived at the intersection of N. Rural Road and E. Playa Del Norte Drive north of the Campus of Arizona State University. Protesters proceeded to occupy the intersection. After less than one minute, officers with Tempe Police Department began issuing orders to exit the intersection. Officers then proceeded to make arrests and use pepper spray and other munitions on protesters, who were largely peaceful. Seven protesters were arrested by Tempe Police on charges ranging from obstructing a public thoroughfare, hindering and interfering with police, disorderly conduct, resisting arrest, and aggravated assault on police, a class 5 felony in the State of Arizona.
Tucson
Hundreds of protesters marched through downtown Tucson on May 30. The protests included multiple downtown businesses' windows being broken as well as a dumpster being set on fire. By the end of the protest, protesters peacefully stood in front of police, who were in full riot gear. It was estimated that rioters caused more than US$200,000 of damage, and at least four arrests were made. Tucson Chief of Police, Chris Magnus, said that many of the people who incited the violence were not from the area. The following night, more protests occurred. The protest began downtown, and eventually made its way to the University of Arizona campus, where police appeared to push into the crowd of protesters. Eight people were arrested during the second night of protests. On June 2, hundreds of people gathered for a candlelight vigil to honor George Floyd at the Dunbar Pavilion. This event was widely regarded as peaceful. On Friday, June 5, around 2,000 people gathered at the University of Arizona's campus for a March for Justice Rally. The event was characterized as a "peaceful and healing space." On Saturday, June 6, thousands gathered to affirm that Black Lives matter. The event featured local Black artists and musicians and speakers called for defunding the police and encouraged attendees to denounce white supremacy.
Yuma
On May 30, over 150 activists displayed signs at a busy intersection and chanted "I Can't Breathe."
Government response
Due to the violence that occurred during the protests in Phoenix, Scottsdale, and Tucson, Arizona governor Doug Ducey declared a state of emergency on May 31. The state of emergency declaration included an 8 pm curfew statewide banning all travel, other than first responders and people driving to and from work or to receive medical attention from 8 pm to 5 am. He also deployed the National Guard.
References
2020 in Arizona
Political events in Arizona
Arizona
Riots and civil disorder in Arizona |
The American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) is the labor union of singers, dancers, and staging staff in opera, ballet and concert dance, and concert choral performance in the United States. A national union with a membership of over 6,000 artists, AGMA provides forceful advocacy and defense of its members' employment and artistic rights. AGMA negotiates and enforces over 65 collective bargaining agreements throughout the country, ensuring fair and safe working conditions and enhancing the quality of life of its members. AGMA has a direct charter from the AFL–CIO and is affiliated with the AFL–CIO Branch of Associated Actors and Artists of America and the Department for Professional Employees (DPE). AGMA is also a part of the Coalition of Broadway Unions and Guilds (COBUG).
Jurisdiction
The American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) negotiates and enforces over 65 collective bargaining agreements throughout the country, ensuring fair and safe working conditions and enhancing the quality of life of its members. AGMA claims exclusive jurisdiction over all aspects of the work of its members and shares some Broadway jurisdiction with its fellow union, Actors' Equity Association.
History
AGMA was founded in 1936 in an effort to protect opera singers who were being forced into unfair contracts without benefits or protections. Over the years, the union expanded its jurisdiction to include dancers, choristers, and staging staff.
References
External links
Entertainment industry unions
Trade unions in the United States
AFL–CIO
Trade unions established in 1936
1936 establishments in the United States |
Kenneth Glenn Suesens (October 23, 1916 – May 29, 1992) was the head coach of the Sheboygan Red Skins of the National Basketball Association from 1948 to 1951. Under him, they would go 1–2 in the playoffs. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa to John F. Suesens and Martha Duran.
References
1916 births
1992 deaths
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Iowa
Basketball players from Iowa
College golf coaches in the United States
Guards (basketball)
Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball players
Sheboygan Red Skins coaches
Sheboygan Red Skins players
Valparaiso Beacons coaches
Valparaiso Beacons men's basketball coaches |
Patricia Reid Lindner was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 50th district from 1993 until her retirement at the end of her term in 2009. Lindner served on seven committees: Child Support Enforcement, Judiciary II- Criminal Law, Appropriations-Elementary and Secondary Education, Government Accountability and Streamlining, Adoption Reform, and the subcommittee on Methamphetamine.
She is the daughter of Charlotte Thompson Reid who served as a U.S. Representative for Illinois from 1962 to 1971.
External links
Illinois General Assembly - Representative Patricia Reid Lindner (R) 50th District official IL House website
Bills Committees
Project Vote Smart - Representative Patricia Reid Lindner (IL) profile
Follow the Money - Patricia Reid Lindner
2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 campaign contributions
Republican Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
Women state legislators in Illinois
1939 births
Living people
Politicians from Aurora, Illinois
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians |
Sverre Isachsen (born 11 November 1970) is a Norwegian rallycross driver.
Career
Isachsen started with motorsports in 1989, and became Norwegian Rallycross Champion in 1999 and 2000. In 2009, 2010 and 2011 he became the European Rallycross Champion with a Ford Focus. He was also awarded the "Driver of the Year" title by the Norwegian Autosport Federation in 2010 and 2011.
In 2012, Isachen signed a three-year deal to drive the Global RallyCross Championship for Subaru Puma Rallycross Team, together with Dave Mirra and Bucky Lasek. He previously drove the 2016 Subaru WRX STI GRC Car for Subaru. After the 2016 season, he and his teammate Bucky Lasek left Subaru to pursuit in other areas. Both of the drivers' replacements are Chris Atkinson and Patrick Sandell. His exploits in the Global RallyCross Championship have earned him the nickname of “The Viking Warrior” in the U.S.
Isachen lives in Hokksund, Norway.
Racing record
Complete FIA European Rallycross Championship results
Division 1
Supercar
Complete FIA World Rallycross Championship results
Supercar
Complete Global RallyCross Championship results
Supercar
Race cancelled.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Norwegian racing drivers
European Rallycross Championship drivers
World Rallycross Championship drivers
Global RallyCross Championship drivers |
Bijapur city is the district headquarters, and is well known for its historical monuments of architectural importance built during the rule of the Adil Shahi dynasty. Bijapur is rich in historical attractions, mainly related to Islamic architecture, especially those of the Bijapur Fort. Many films have been shot in Bijapur.
List of films shot in Bijapur
Phalithamsha (Kannada Film)
Number 1 (Kannada Film)
Adhdhoori (Kannada Film)
Alemari (Kannada Film)
Bheema Theeradalli (Kannada Film)
Govindaya Namaha (Kannada Film)
Himapatha (Kannada Film)
Janoo (Kannada Film)
Veera Parampare (Kannada Film)
References
External links
Films, Bijapur
Bijapur
Films shot in Bijapur, Karnataka |
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