text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Canadian singer-songwriter Alessia Cara has released three studio albums, one live album, four extended plays, eighteen singles, eight promotional singles and eighteen music videos. She is signed to EP Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings. Cara released her debut single, "Here", in April 2015. The song became a sleeper hit, reaching the top five in the United States and the top 20 in Canada. She released her debut studio album, Know-It-All, on November 13, 2015. In 2016, Cara found greater success in the release of her third single, "Scars to Your Beautiful". The single reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the US pop radio charts. In November 2016, she released a single named "How Far I'll Go" for Disney animated film Moana. In 2017, Cara collaborated with producer Zedd to create the single "Stay", which reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100. She also collaborated with rapper Logic to feature in his single , which reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100. The lead single from Cara's second studio album, The Pains of Growing, called "Growing Pains" was released on June 15, 2018, and charted at number 65 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Trust My Lonely" and "Out of Love" were released as the second and third singles from the album respectively. The Pains of Growing was released on November 30, 2018, followed by a third studio album, In the Meantime in September 2021.
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Live albums
Extended plays
Compilation extended plays
Singles
As lead artist
As featured artist
Promotional singles
Other charted and certified songs
Guest appearances
Music videos
Notes
References
Discography
Discographies of Canadian artists
Pop music discographies |
"Asian Paradise" is a song by New Zealand singer and songwriter Sharon O'Neill. The song was released in April 1980 as the third single from her second studio album, Sharon O'Neill (1980)
Track listing
New Zealand 7" (BA 461975)
Side A "Asian Paradise" – 4:10
Side B "Ready to Love" – 2:27
Australian 7" (BA 222776)
Side A "Asian Paradise" – 4:10
Side B "Awkward City"
Charts
When the Cat's Away version
In 2001, New Zealand female vocal group When the Cat's Away recorded a version of "Asian Paradise", featuring Sharon O'Neill. The song peaked debuted and peaked at number 16 in September 2001, surpassing the song's original peak in 1980.
Charts
References
1979 songs
1980 singles
2001 singles
Sharon O'Neill songs
Songs written by Sharon O'Neill
Capitol Records singles |
The below table gives a list of firearms that can fire the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge. This ammunition was developped following World War II as part of the NATO small arms standardization, it is made to replicate the ballistics of a pre-WWII full power rifle cartridge in a more compact package. Not all countries that use weapons chambered in this caliber are in NATO.
This table is sortable for every column.
See also
List of 5.56×45mm NATO firearms
7.62×54mmR
.30-06 Springfield
.303 British
7.5×54mm
References
NATO 7.62×51mm
~ |
Mortha is a village in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. There is a lot of history involved with this village. One of them is Kukkamondem(Dogs trunk)
Geography
Mortha is located at 16°80′N 81°70′E. It has an average elevation of 13 meters (42 feet). The historical River Gosthani flows along Mortha. The village is just 5 km away from the river Godavari.
Demographics
Census of India, Mortha had a population of 6663. The total population constitute, 3285 males and 3378 females with a sex ratio of 1028 females per 1000 males. 640 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, with sex ratio of 839. The average literacy rate stands at 72.22%.
References
Villages in East Godavari district |
These are the squads for the countries that played in the 1945 South American Championship. The participating countries were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia (for the first time), Ecuador, and Uruguay. Paraguay and Peru withdrew from the tournament. The teams plays in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss. Colombia was represented by the club Junior.
Argentina
Head Coach: Guillermo Stábile
Bolivia
Head Coach:
Brazil
Head coach: Flávio Costa
Chile
Head Coach: Franz Platko
Colombia
Head Coach: Roberto Meléndez (also participated as footballer)
Ecuador
Head Coach: Rodolfo Orlandini
Uruguay
Head Coach: José Nasazzi
References
1945 South American Championship
Copa América squads |
"Ten Days" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Missy Higgins, written by Higgins and Jay Clifford of Jump, Little Children. It was the second single released from her debut album, The Sound of White (2004), on 15 November 2004. "Ten Days" peaked at 12 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. The Australian Recording Industry Association awarded the song a gold disc for selling over 35,000 copies. It was also voted No. 6 song on the Triple J Hottest 100 of 2004. The video features Higgins travelling to various places and many of the shots were filmed in Adelaide, South Australia.
Background
Higgins signed a recording contract with Eleven while still at high school. After she left school she spent much of 2002 on a backpacking trip to Europe. When she returned she began writing music for her debut album, The Sound of White. The lyrics for "Ten Days" were inspired by Higgins' breakup with her boyfriend when she travelled to Europe. The song was written by Higgins and Jay Clifford, the guitarist and lead singer of American band Jump, Little Children.
Release and reception
"Ten Days" was released in Australia on 15 November 2004. It entered the ARIA Singles Chart at No. 14 and later rose to No. 12, its peak, on 23 January 2005. It stayed on the chart for 20 weeks and was certified gold. It spent five weeks on New Zealand's RIANZ Singles Chart, peaking at No. 39; as of , it is Higgins' most recent single to chart in New Zealand. "Ten Days" was released in the United Kingdom on 30 May 2005, Higgins' first single to be released there. Although it did not enter the UK Singles Chart, it peaked at number 88 in Scotland and number 95 on the UK Physical Singles Chart. In 2005, the song was nominated for an Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) award for Song of the Year but lost to Higgins' debut single, "Scar". The music video for "Ten Days" features footage of Higgins travelling through Europe.
Awards and nominations
Nominations
2005 APRA Awards, Song of the Year
Track listing
Australian CD single
"Ten Days"
"Greed for Your Love" (live)
"Scar" (live)
"The Special Two" (live)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
2004 singles
Missy Higgins songs
2004 songs
Eleven: A Music Company singles
Songs written by Missy Higgins |
Deanna Bogart (born September 5, 1959, Detroit, Michigan, United States), is an American blues and fusion singer, pianist, saxophone player, composer, arranger, and producer.
Background
She began her career in Baltimore and the Washington suburbs of Maryland with the ensemble Cowboy Jazz, and following that band's breakup in 1986, a stint playing with Root Boy Slim. In the early 1990s she began her solo career. She has won five Blues Music Awards in the 'Instrumentalist - Horn' category, the most recent in 2023. In 2013, Bogart was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Pinetop Perkins Piano Player' category.
Discography
1991: Out to Get You
1992: Crossing Borders
1996: New Address
1998: The Great Unknown
2001: Deanna Bogart Band Live
2002: Timing Is Everything
2006: Real Time
2009: Eleventh Hour
2012: Pianoland
2014: Just a Wish Away
References
External links
Official Deanna Bogart website
1959 births
Living people
American rock musicians
American blues singers
American blues pianists
Jump blues musicians
Boogie-woogie pianists
Rhythm and blues musicians from New Orleans
Singers from Louisiana
20th-century American women pianists
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women pianists
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
Blind Pig Records artists
20th-century American singers |
```javascript
var $ = require('cheerio');
module.exports = {
// Photos only for now. TODO: Stay tuned for when video embeds become available
re: /^https?:\/\/www\.gettyimages\.(com|ca|com\.au|be|dk|de|es|fr|in|ie|it|nl|co\.nz|no|at|pt|ch|fi|se|ae|co\.uk|co\.jp)\/detail\/([^\/]+)\/[^\/]+\/(\d+)/i,
provides: 'getty',
mixins: [
"og-image",
"favicon",
"canonical",
"og-description",
"og-site",
"twitter-title"
],
getData: function(urlMatch, request, cb) {
request({
uri: "path_to_url" + urlMatch[3],
json: true,
limit: 1,
timeout: 1000,
prepareResult: function(error, response, body, cb) {
if (error) {
return cb(error);
}
if (body.message) {
return cb(body.message);
}
cb(null, {
getty: body
});
}
}, cb);
},
getLink: function(getty) {
var $container = $('<div>');
try {
$container.html(getty.embedTag);
} catch (ex) {}
var $iframe = $container.find('iframe');
// if embed code contains <iframe>, return src
if ($iframe.length == 1) {
return {
href: $iframe.attr('src'),
type: CONFIG.T.text_html,
rel: CONFIG.R.image,
"aspect-ratio": $iframe.attr('width') / $iframe.attr('height'),
"max-width": $iframe.attr('width')
};
}
},
tests: [
"path_to_url",
"path_to_url",
"path_to_url",
"path_to_url"
]
};
``` |
Mikhail Ivanov (born 29 March 1983) is a Russian sledge hockey player. In 2013 he and his team won the bronze medal at the IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships which were hosted in Goyang, South Korea. In the 2014 Winter Paralympics, he won the silver medal with Russia.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Russian sledge hockey players
Paralympic sledge hockey players for Russia
Paralympic silver medalists for Russia
Ice sledge hockey players at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in sledge hockey
Sportspeople from Lipetsk
21st-century Russian people |
```objective-c
/*
*
*/
#pragma once
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include "soc/soc.h"
#include "soc/lp_aon_reg.h"
#include "soc/reset_reasons.h"
#include "esp_assert.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/** \defgroup rtc_apis, rtc registers and memory related apis
* @brief rtc apis
*/
/** @addtogroup rtc_apis
* @{
*/
/**************************************************************************************
* Note: *
* Some Rtc memory and registers are used, in ROM or in internal library. *
* Please do not use reserved or used rtc memory or registers. *
* *
*************************************************************************************
* RTC Memory & Store Register usage
*************************************************************************************
* rtc memory addr type size usage
* 0x3f421000(0x50000000) Slow SIZE_CP Co-Processor code/Reset Entry
* 0x3f421000+SIZE_CP Slow 8192-SIZE_CP
*
* 0x3ff80000(0x40070000) Fast 8192 deep sleep entry code
*
*************************************************************************************
* RTC store registers usage
* LP_AON_STORE0_REG Reserved
* LP_AON_STORE1_REG RTC_SLOW_CLK calibration value
* LP_AON_STORE2_REG Boot time, low word
* LP_AON_STORE3_REG Boot time, high word
* LP_AON_STORE4_REG External XTAL frequency
* LP_AON_STORE5_REG APB bus frequency
* LP_AON_STORE6_REG FAST_RTC_MEMORY_ENTRY
* LP_AON_STORE7_REG FAST_RTC_MEMORY_CRC
* LP_AON_STORE8_REG Store light sleep wake stub addr
* LP_AON_STORE9_REG Store the sleep mode at bit[0] (0:light sleep 1:deep sleep)
*************************************************************************************
*/
#define RTC_SLOW_CLK_CAL_REG LP_AON_STORE1_REG
#define RTC_BOOT_TIME_LOW_REG LP_AON_STORE2_REG
#define RTC_BOOT_TIME_HIGH_REG LP_AON_STORE3_REG
#define RTC_XTAL_FREQ_REG LP_AON_STORE4_REG
#define RTC_APB_FREQ_REG LP_AON_STORE5_REG
#define RTC_ENTRY_ADDR_REG LP_AON_STORE6_REG
#define RTC_RESET_CAUSE_REG LP_AON_STORE6_REG
#define RTC_MEMORY_CRC_REG LP_AON_STORE7_REG
#define RTC_SLEEP_WAKE_STUB_ADDR_REG LP_AON_STORE8_REG
#define RTC_SLEEP_MODE_REG LP_AON_STORE9_REG
#define RTC_DISABLE_ROM_LOG ((1 << 0) | (1 << 16)) //!< Disable logging from the ROM code.
typedef enum {
AWAKE = 0, //<CPU ON
LIGHT_SLEEP = BIT0, //CPU waiti, PLL ON. We don't need explicitly set this mode.
DEEP_SLEEP = BIT1 //CPU OFF, PLL OFF, only specific timer could wake up
} SLEEP_MODE;
typedef enum {
NO_MEAN = 0,
POWERON_RESET = 1, /**<1, Vbat power on reset*/
RTC_SW_SYS_RESET = 3, /**<3, Software reset digital core*/
DEEPSLEEP_RESET = 5, /**<5, Deep Sleep reset digital core*/
TG0WDT_SYS_RESET = 7, /**<7, Timer Group0 Watch dog reset digital core*/
TG1WDT_SYS_RESET = 8, /**<8, Timer Group1 Watch dog reset digital core*/
RTCWDT_SYS_RESET = 9, /**<9, RTC Watch dog Reset digital core*/
TG0WDT_CPU_RESET = 11, /**<11, Time Group0 reset CPU*/
RTC_SW_CPU_RESET = 12, /**<12, Software reset CPU*/
RTCWDT_CPU_RESET = 13, /**<13, RTC Watch dog Reset CPU*/
RTCWDT_BROWN_OUT_RESET = 15, /**<15, Reset when the vdd voltage is not stable*/
RTCWDT_RTC_RESET = 16, /**<16, RTC Watch dog reset digital core and rtc module*/
TG1WDT_CPU_RESET = 17, /**<17, Time Group1 reset CPU*/
SUPER_WDT_RESET = 18, /**<18, super watchdog reset digital core and rtc module*/
EFUSE_RESET = 20, /**<20, efuse reset digital core*/
USB_UART_CHIP_RESET = 21, /**<21, usb uart reset digital core */
USB_JTAG_CHIP_RESET = 22, /**<22, usb jtag reset digital core */
POWER_GLITCH_RESET = 23, /**<23, power glitch reset digital core and rtc module*/
JTAG_CPU_RESET = 24, /**<24, jtag reset CPU*/
} RESET_REASON;
// Check if the reset reason defined in ROM is compatible with soc/reset_reasons.h
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)POWERON_RESET == RESET_REASON_CHIP_POWER_ON, "POWERON_RESET != RESET_REASON_CHIP_POWER_ON");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)RTC_SW_SYS_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_SW, "RTC_SW_SYS_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_SW");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)DEEPSLEEP_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_DEEP_SLEEP, "DEEPSLEEP_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_DEEP_SLEEP");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)TG0WDT_SYS_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_MWDT0, "TG0WDT_SYS_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_MWDT0");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)TG1WDT_SYS_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_MWDT1, "TG1WDT_SYS_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_MWDT1");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)RTCWDT_SYS_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_RTC_WDT, "RTCWDT_SYS_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_RTC_WDT");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)TG0WDT_CPU_RESET == RESET_REASON_CPU0_MWDT0, "TG0WDT_CPU_RESET != RESET_REASON_CPU0_MWDT0");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)RTC_SW_CPU_RESET == RESET_REASON_CPU0_SW, "RTC_SW_CPU_RESET != RESET_REASON_CPU0_SW");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)RTCWDT_CPU_RESET == RESET_REASON_CPU0_RTC_WDT, "RTCWDT_CPU_RESET != RESET_REASON_CPU0_RTC_WDT");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)RTCWDT_BROWN_OUT_RESET == RESET_REASON_SYS_BROWN_OUT, "RTCWDT_BROWN_OUT_RESET != RESET_REASON_SYS_BROWN_OUT");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)RTCWDT_RTC_RESET == RESET_REASON_SYS_RTC_WDT, "RTCWDT_RTC_RESET != RESET_REASON_SYS_RTC_WDT");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)TG1WDT_CPU_RESET == RESET_REASON_CPU0_MWDT1, "TG1WDT_CPU_RESET != RESET_REASON_CPU0_MWDT1");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)SUPER_WDT_RESET == RESET_REASON_SYS_SUPER_WDT, "SUPER_WDT_RESET != RESET_REASON_SYS_SUPER_WDT");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)EFUSE_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_EFUSE_CRC, "EFUSE_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_EFUSE_CRC");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)USB_UART_CHIP_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_USB_UART, "USB_UART_CHIP_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_USB_UART");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)USB_JTAG_CHIP_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_USB_JTAG, "USB_JTAG_CHIP_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_USB_JTAG");
ESP_STATIC_ASSERT((soc_reset_reason_t)POWER_GLITCH_RESET == RESET_REASON_CORE_PWR_GLITCH, "POWER_GLITCH_RESET != RESET_REASON_CORE_PWR_GLITCH");
typedef enum {
NO_SLEEP = 0,
EXT_EVENT0_TRIG = BIT0,
EXT_EVENT1_TRIG = BIT1,
GPIO_TRIG = BIT2,
TIMER_EXPIRE = BIT3,
SDIO_TRIG = BIT4,
MAC_TRIG = BIT5,
UART0_TRIG = BIT6,
UART1_TRIG = BIT7,
TOUCH_TRIG = BIT8,
SAR_TRIG = BIT9,
BT_TRIG = BIT10,
RISCV_TRIG = BIT11,
XTAL_DEAD_TRIG = BIT12,
RISCV_TRAP_TRIG = BIT13,
USB_TRIG = BIT14
} WAKEUP_REASON;
typedef enum {
DISEN_WAKEUP = NO_SLEEP,
EXT_EVENT0_TRIG_EN = EXT_EVENT0_TRIG,
EXT_EVENT1_TRIG_EN = EXT_EVENT1_TRIG,
GPIO_TRIG_EN = GPIO_TRIG,
TIMER_EXPIRE_EN = TIMER_EXPIRE,
SDIO_TRIG_EN = SDIO_TRIG,
MAC_TRIG_EN = MAC_TRIG,
UART0_TRIG_EN = UART0_TRIG,
UART1_TRIG_EN = UART1_TRIG,
TOUCH_TRIG_EN = TOUCH_TRIG,
SAR_TRIG_EN = SAR_TRIG,
BT_TRIG_EN = BT_TRIG,
RISCV_TRIG_EN = RISCV_TRIG,
XTAL_DEAD_TRIG_EN = XTAL_DEAD_TRIG,
RISCV_TRAP_TRIG_EN = RISCV_TRAP_TRIG,
USB_TRIG_EN = USB_TRIG
} WAKEUP_ENABLE;
/**
* @brief Get the reset reason for CPU.
*
* @param int cpu_no : CPU no.
*
* @return RESET_REASON
*/
RESET_REASON rtc_get_reset_reason(int cpu_no);
/**
* @brief Get the wakeup cause for CPU.
*
* @param int cpu_no : CPU no.
*
* @return WAKEUP_REASON
*/
WAKEUP_REASON rtc_get_wakeup_cause(void);
typedef void (* esp_rom_wake_func_t)(void);
/**
* @brief Read stored RTC wake function address
*
* Returns pointer to wake address if a value is set in RTC registers, and stored length & CRC all valid.
* valid means that both stored stub length and stored wake function address are four-byte aligned non-zero values
* and the crc check passes
*
* @param None
*
* @return esp_rom_wake_func_t : Returns pointer to wake address if a value is set in RTC registers
*/
esp_rom_wake_func_t esp_rom_get_rtc_wake_addr(void);
/**
* @brief Store new RTC wake function address
*
* Set a new RTC wake address function. If a non-NULL function pointer is set then the function
* memory is calculated and stored also.
*
* @param entry_addr Address of function. should be 4-bytes aligned otherwise it will not start from the stub after wake from deepsleep
* if NULL length will be ignored and all registers are cleared to 0.
*
* @param length length of function in RTC fast memory. should be less than RTC Fast memory size and aligned to 4-bytes.
* otherwise all registers are cleared to 0.
*
* @return None
*/
void esp_rom_set_rtc_wake_addr(esp_rom_wake_func_t entry_addr, size_t length);
/**
* @brief Suppress ROM log by setting specific RTC control register.
* @note This is not a permanent disable of ROM logging since the RTC register can not retain after chip reset.
*
* @param None
*
* @return None
*/
static inline void rtc_suppress_rom_log(void)
{
/* To disable logging in the ROM, only the least significant bit of the register is used,
* but since this register is also used to store the frequency of the main crystal (RTC_XTAL_FREQ_REG),
* you need to write to this register in the same format.
* Namely, the upper 16 bits and lower should be the same.
*/
REG_SET_BIT(LP_AON_STORE4_REG, RTC_DISABLE_ROM_LOG);
}
/**
* @brief Software Reset digital core.
*
* It is not recommended to use this function in esp-idf, use
* esp_restart() instead.
*
* @param None
*
* @return None
*/
void software_reset(void);
/**
* @brief Software Reset digital core.
*
* It is not recommended to use this function in esp-idf, use
* esp_restart() instead.
*
* @param int cpu_no : The CPU to reset, 0 for PRO CPU, 1 for APP CPU.
*
* @return None
*/
void software_reset_cpu(int cpu_no);
/**
* @}
*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
``` |
Qarah Aghaj is a city in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
Qarah Aghaj, Qareh Aghaj, Qareh Aqaj, Qara Aqaj, Qarah Aqaj and similar () may refer to:
Ardabil Province
Qarah Aghaj-e Bala, a village in Germi County
Qarah Aghaj-e Pain, a village in Germi County
Qarah Aghaj, Meshgin Shahr, a village in Meshgin Shahr County
Qarah Aghaj Poshteh, a village in Meshgin Shahr County
East Azerbaijan Province
Qarah Aghaj-e Kushk, a village in Charuymaq County
Qareh Aghaj Rud, a village in Hashtrud County
Qarah Aghaj, East Azerbaijan, a village in Shabestar County
Qarah Aghaj, a city in Charuymaq County.
Fars Province
Qarah Aqaj Sand Quarry, in Qir and Karzin County
Golestan Province
Qareh Aghaj, Golestan
Hamadan Province
Qarah Aghaj, Hamadan
Isfahan Province
Qarah Aqaj, Isfahan, a village in Semirom County
North Khorasan Province
Qarah Aqaj, North Khorasan
Qazvin Province
Qareh Aghaj, Qazvin
Razavi Khorasan Province
Qareh Aghaj, Razavi Khorasan
West Azerbaijan Province
Qarah Aghaj, Khoy, a village in Khoy County
Qareh Aghaj, Maku, a village in Maku County
Qarah Aghaj, Showt, a village in Showt County
Qarah Aghaj, Urmia, a village in Urmia County
Qareh Aghaj, Sumay-ye Beradust, a village in Urmia County
Qarah Aghaj-e Olya, West Azerbaijan, a village in Urmia County
Zanjan Province
Qarah Aghaj, Abhar, Zanjan Province
Qareh Aghaj, Zanjan, Zanjan Province
Qarah Aghaj-e Olya, Zanjan
Qarah Aghaj-e Sofla, Zanjan Province
Qareh Aqajlu, Zanjan Province
See also
Karaağaç, alternate spelling of the phrase |
Noémi Ban (; ; ; September 29, 1922 – June 7, 2019) was a Hungarian-born American Jew and survivor of the Holocaust. Later in life she was a Golden Apple Award-winning lecturer, public speaker, and teacher residing in Whatcom County, Washington.
The Holocaust
Ban was born Noémi Schönberger to Juliska and Samu Schönberger and in Szeged, Hungary. She was the eldest of three children, followed by her sister Erzsébet and six-month-old brother Gábor. Ban herself was only twenty when she was sectioned off in a ghetto with other Jews.
During Operation Margarethe, the German invasion and occupation of Hungary, Samu was sent to a labor camp while she, Erzsébet, Gábor, Juliska, her grandmother Nina, and eleven other relatives were sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp, arriving on July 1, 1944. All of Ban's family members in Auschwitz were killed, but Ban herself was transferred by Josef Mengele to the Buchenwald concentration camp to work in a bomb factory, where she intentionally constructed faulty bombs.
On April 15, 1945, the campmates of Buchenwald were forced to march to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. On the way, Ban and eleven of her campmates escaped and were discovered by the U.S. Army, who had just liberated the Bergen-Belsen camp.
Ban returned to Budapest, Hungary, in September 1945, where she reunited with her father, Samu (who later changed his surname to Gábor in honor of his deceased son). That October she married a Budapester teacher, Ernő Bán (later Earnest Ban).
After the Communist occupation and takeover of Hungary between 1947 and 1948, Ban became a 7th and 8th grade teacher herself. Suffering from Soviet oppression, Ban, Earnest, and their two sons, István (Steven) and György (George), tried to escape to Austria, but were stopped on a train crossing the border. On December 29, 1956, less than a month later, the Bans again tried to cross, this time hidden in a shipment of giant balls of yarn. The attempt succeeded and they ended up in Sopron, Austria.
America
In 1957, Noémi and her family moved to St. Louis, Missouri. She and Earnest learned English and earned degrees in education. Their son Steven moved to Bellingham, Washington, prompting Noémi and Earnest to move in 1982. In 1994, Earnest died of Alzheimer's disease.
After Earnest's death, Ban became a public Holocaust speaker, giving lectures nationally and internationally (in Hungary and Taipei, Taiwan). In 1998 she received the Golden Apple Award. In 2003 she wrote Sharing Is Healing: A Holocaust Survivor's Story, an autobiography of her experiences during the Holocaust and as a public speaker. In 2007 her life was made into the documentary film My Name Is Noémi. She died in June 2019 at the age of 96.
References
{{cite web|title=Remarkable Resilience: The Life and Legacy of Noemi Ban Beyond the Holocaust|url=http: https://www.amazon.com/Remarkable-Resilience-Legacy-Beyond-Holocaust/dp/B09YNC7HLB
1922 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Hungarian people
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Hungarian Jews
Jewish Hungarian history
People from Bellingham, Washington
People from Szeged
Soviet escapees |
Belica () is a village in the municipality of Kičevo, North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former Drugovo Municipality.
Geography
The village is located in the area of Kopacka region, in the southern part of the territory of the Municipality of Kičevo, on the south side of the Kičevo Valley, whose area rises on the eastern slope of Ilinska Mountain and touches the area of the Municipality of Debarca. The village is hilly, at an altitude of 760 meters. It is 21 kilometers away from the city of Kičevo.
Demographics
The village is attested in the 1467/68 Ottoman tax registry (defter) for the Nahiyah of Kırçova. The village had a total of 69 houses, excluding bachelors (mucerred).
According to the statistics of Vasil Kanchov from 1900, the village of Belica had 750 inhabitants, all Bulgarians. According to the Bulgarian Exarchate Secretary Dimitar Mišev, in 1905 Belica had 824 inhabitants who belonged to the Bulgarian Exarchate.
According to the 1942 Albanian census, Belica was inhabited by a total of 913 Bulgarians.
Belica was affected by significant depopulation, as the population decreased from 702 inhabitants in 1961 to 115 inhabitants in 1994, Macedonian population.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 103 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
Macedonians 102
Others 1
Culture
Every year during the summer, the "Belica's Meetings" are held, an artistic cultural manifestation where people unite through folk music.
References
Villages in Kičevo Municipality |
The Memphis Tigers football team represents the University of Memphis in college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The Tigers play in the American Athletic Conference as an all-sports member. They play home games at Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium. The team's head coach is Ryan Silverfield.
Since their inaugural season in 1912, the Memphis Tigers have won over 500 games and appeared in thirteen bowl games. The program has also claimed eight conference championships with the most recent coming in 2019.
History
Early history (1912–1974)
West Tennessee State Normal School's football team had their first season in 1912. The team was coached by Clyde Wilson. In 1922, Lester Barnard was the Tigers head coach. His team compiled a 5–2–2 record. Zach Curlin succeeded Barnard and served as the Tigers head coach from 1924 to 1936. During Curlin's tenure, the school was a member of two athletic conferences, the Mississippi Valley Conference (1928–1934) and the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1935–1941). When Curlin stepped down as the football coach after the 1936 campaign, the school's search committee recommended Allyn McKeen and immediately hired Cecil C. Humphreys as the school's president from Tennessee Junior College in Martin, now named the University of Tennessee at Martin. McKeen's 1937 squad posted a 3–6 record, setting the stage for the Tigers' only undefeated and untied season in school history. Allyn McKeen coached the Tigers in the 1937 and 1938 seasons, compiling a 13–6 record. His 1938 team went undefeated at 10–0. McKeen departed the Tigers after two seasons to accept the head football coach position at Mississippi State and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1991.
West Tennessee State Teacher's College changed its name to Memphis State College in 1941. After that year, the Tigers became an independent and remained so until joining the Missouri Valley Conference in 1968. Despite fielding a 56-player team in 1942, one of the largest in school history to that point, Memphis State managed to compile only a 2–7 record in 1942 due to many players being chosen for selective service for World War II. The Tigers did not field a football team from 1943 to 1946 due to the events surrounding World War II. In 1947, athletics director Cecil Humphreys turned to his former college teammate at the University of Tennessee, Ralph Hatley, head coach at Christian Brothers High School in Memphis, to lead the football program. One of his first moves as head coach was to name Billy Murphy as an assistant coach. Hatley's first Tigers team in 1947 had 38 freshmen, but still managed to earn a 6–2–1 record. In 1949, Hatley's Tigers outscored their opponents 385-87 throughout the season and led the nation in total points scored for the season. In 1949, Memphis State finished 9–2 and set a then-school record with 21,000 in attendance to watch the team play Ole Miss. Hatley hired Ken Donahue as line coach in 1951. During Hatley's tenure as head coach, Memphis State graduated 98% of its football players. Hatley's Tigers made their first bowl appearance in school history in the 1956 Burley Bowl, a 32–12 victory over East Tennessee that was the final playing of the Johnson City, Tennessee bowl game. Hatley retired as head coach after the 1957 season with a 60–43–5 record. He retired as the school's winningest head coach and remained so until he was surpassed by his successor in 1967.
Billy Murphy took over as head coach in 1958 and served as head football coach for the Tigers for fourteen seasons. In 1963, Murphy led the Tigers to a 9–0–1 record. After a season-opening win over Southern Miss, the Tigers tied No. 2 Ole Miss by a score of 0–0. That game would be the only non-win for Memphis that year as the Tigers went on to grab wins over Tulsa, North Texas, West Texas State, Mississippi State, Louisville, South Carolina, Chattanooga and Houston to post just the second unbeaten season in program history. The Houston game was postponed from November 23 to November 30 following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Murphy was named the National Coach of the Year by the Detroit Times and was also named a recipient of the Memphis Civilian Award. Running back Dave Casinelli became the first Memphis State player to lead the NCAA in a major individual statistical category and the first Southern player to win the NCAA rushing title since John Dottley in 1949. Going into the final game of the 1963 season, he ranked third in rushing yardage but totaled 210 rushing yards in the final game to finish ahead of Jimmy Sidle and Gale Sayers. He led the NCAA for the 1963 season in rushing yardage (1,016 yards) and rushing carries (219). He also tied with Cosmo Iacavazzi for the national scoring title with 84 points, each having scored 14 touchdowns. During his four years at Memphis, Casinelli established school records with 2,796 total yards from scrimmage and 36 career touchdowns. In January 1964, he signed with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. The 1963 Tigers football team finished ranked No. 14 in the UPI Coaches Poll, the highest final ranking in school history. Memphis State ended its 27-year run as an independent when it joined the Missouri Valley Conference in 1968. Murphy retired as head coach after the 1971 season but remained as the school's athletics director until 1981. His last game as head coach was the 1971 Pasadena Bowl, a 28–9 victory over San Jose State, their second bowl appearance in school history and last for another 32 years. He left Memphis with a 91–44–1 record, making him the winningest head coach in program history.
The program's next head coach was Fred Pancoast, who came to Memphis State from his post as offensive coordinator at Georgia under Vince Dooley. After a mediocre 5–5–1 record in 1972, the Tigers finished the 1973 season with an 8–3 record. The 1973 season included a 28–21 win over Louisville in the season opener, a 24–3 victory over North Texas in the season's second game and a 17–13 victory over Ole Miss in the third game for the Tigers' first victory over the Rebels in the state of Mississippi. Despite a 35–21 loss to No. 15 Houston, the Tigers defeated Tulsa by a score of 28–16, Florida State by a margin of 13–10 Virginia Tech in a 49–16 rout and their last two games of the season over Louisiana-Lafayette by a score of 41-6 and Cincinnati by a margin of 17–13 after a 13–10 loss to Southern Miss in the Black and Blue Bowl on November 10. Memphis State left the Missouri Valley Conference after the 1973 season and returned to play as an independent, where it would remain until chartering Conference USA in 1995. The 1974 season resulted in a 7–4 record. Highlights of the season included a 16–10 victory over Louisville in the season opener, a 15–7 victory over Ole Miss for the Tigers second straight victory over the Rebels, a 20–18 victory over Colorado State, a 41–0 shutout of North Texas, a 42–14 win over Florida State, and a 34–10 victory over Wichita State in the season finale. Pancoast left the Tigers after the 1974 season to accept the head coaching position at Vanderbilt. In three seasons, he led the Tigers to a 20–12–1 record. Pancoast would be the last head coach to leave the Tigers with a winning record for 41 years.
Richard Williamson era (1975–1980)
Arkansas offensive coordinator Richard Williamson was hired as the Tigers' 15th head football coach after Fred Pancoast's departure. An end at Alabama from 1959 to 1962 under head coach Bear Bryant, Williamson served as wide receivers coach for the Crimson Tide under Bryant from 1963 to 1967 returned to Alabama to coach the defensive line under Bryant from 1970 to 1971 after serving as an assistant coach under Frank Broyles at Arkansas from 1968 to 1969. He returned to Broyles' Razorbacks staff to serve as offensive coordinator in 1972. Williamson went 32–34 in six seasons as head coach of the Tigers. Williamson was honored with the Southern Independent Conference Coach of the Year award twice as head coach of the Tigers.
The Tigers finished 7–4 in 1975. They began the season on September 6 with a 17–7 loss to Mississippi State. After a 31–20 upset victory over No. 7 Auburn, Memphis State lost their next two: 13–3 to Cincinnati and 29–10 to Arkansas State. The Tigers defeated North Texas by a margin of 21–19 on October 4. After a 21–7 loss to rival Southern Miss, Williamson's team won their last five games of the season, defeating rival Louisville 41–7 on October 18, Tulsa 16–14 on October 25, Wichita State 13–7 on November 1, Florida State 17–14 on November 8 and Houston 14–7 on November 15. Memphis State went 8–3 in 1976. The Tigers started the season with a 21–16 win over Ole Miss on September 4 and a 21–12 win over Florida State on September 11. After a close 16–14 loss to Tulsa, Memphis State defeated SMU by a count of 27–13 and Auburn by a margin of 28–27. After a 42–33 loss to Mississippi State, the Tigers shut out Wichita State by a count of 31–0 and defeated Tulane by a score of 14–7. After a 21–14 loss to in-state foe Tennessee, the Tigers defeated Louisville by a score of 26–14 and suffered a 14–12 letdown at the hands of rival Southern Miss in the season finale. Williamson's Tigers finished with a 6–5 record in 1977. In their first game after the death of rock-n-roll legend and longtime Memphis resident Elvis Presley, the Tigers lost to Ole Miss in Jackson, Mississippi by a score of 7–3. Memphis State rebounded to win their next three, defeating Tulane by a score of 27–9, Utah State by a margin of 31–26 and Virginia Tech by a count of 21–20. After dropping a 14–13 nail biter to Louisville on October 1, the Tigers defeated Mississippi State by a margin of 21–13 on October 15. Memphis State then lost a nail biter to North Texas by a count of 20–19. After a 42–14 victory over Southern Miss in the Black and Blue Bowl, Williamson's squad lost to Tennessee by a score of 27–14 and No. 16 Florida State by a count of 30–9. Memphis State defeated Wichita State by a margin of 28–14 in the season's last game on November 19.
Memphis State finished with a 4–7 record in 1978. After a season-opening 14–7 loss to Ole Miss, Williamson led the Tigers to a 17–3 win over Houston The Tigers then lost their next two, falling to Mississippi State in a 44–14 blowout and No. 8 Texas A&M in a 58–0 shutout. After a 26–13 win over Wichita State, the Tigers lost a 13–10 nail biter to Southern Miss and a 41–24 game to Tulane. Memphis State won their next two, defeating Vanderbilt by a margin of 35–14 and Louisville by a count of 29–22. Williamson's Tigers lost their last two games of the season, suffering a 41–24 loss to North Texas and a 34–14 loss to Cincinnati. The Tigers finished 5–6 in 1979. Memphis State started the season with a close 14–13 win over Mississippi State on September 8. The next week, Williamson's team lost to the other Southeastern Conference team from the Magnolia State, Ole Miss, by a score of 38–34. After a 16–10 win in the season's third game over Wichita State, Memphis State lost to Texas A&M by a margin of 17–7, Louisiana-Monroe by a count of 21–20 and Southern Miss in a 22–0 shutout. The Tigers alternated between win and loss for the remainder of the season, defeating North Texas by a margin of 22–0, losing to Vanderbilt by a score of 13–3, defeating Louisville by a count of 10–6, losing to No. 5 Florida State by a margin of 66–17 and beating Cincinnati by a count of 23–17. Memphis State struggled to a 2–9 mark in 1980. The Tigers lost their first three games of the season, falling to Mississippi State by a score of 34–7, Ole Miss in a 61–7 blowout and Georgia Tech by a count of 17–8. Williamson's squad won its first game of the season on October 4, defeating Arkansas State by a count of 24–3. The Tigers lost to Louisville by a score of 38–14 on October 11. That was followed by a 29–10 loss to North Texas on October 18. After a 24–3 loss to No. 6 Florida State, the Tigers lost consecutive 14–10 games to Vanderbilt and Cincinnati before suffering a 21–16 setback to Tulane. The Tigers won their last game of the 1980 season, a 6–0 shutout over Wichita State.
Williamson was fired as head coach of the Tigers after the 1980 season.
Rex Dockery era (1981–1983)
Texas Tech head coach Rex Dockery was named the Tigers' 16th head coach after Williamson's firing. After serving as a head coach at two different Tennessee high schools, Dockery had served as an assistant coach at Tennessee from 1970 to 1971 under Bill Battle, at Georgia Tech in 1972 under Bill Fulcher and at Vanderbilt from 1973 to 1974 under Steve Sloan before following Sloan to serve as his offensive coordinator at Texas Tech. When Steve Sloan left Texas Tech to take the head coaching position at Ole Miss in 1978, Dockery replaced him as the team's head coach. He coached at Texas Tech from 1978 to 1980, compiling a 15–16–2 record, and being named the Southwest Conference Coach of the Year in 1978.
Dockery's Tigers finished 1–10 in 1981. After starting the season with a 20–3 loss to No. 14 Mississippi State on September 5, Memphis State lost to No. 18 Florida State by a score of 10–5 on September 12. The next week, Memphis State lost to Ole Miss by a count of 7–3. The next week, the Tigers picked up their first win of the season and of the Dockery era by defeating Georgia Tech by a score of 28–15. After a 17–13 loss to Virginia Tech, Dockery's team suffered a 14–7 loss to Louisville. Dockery's squad was shut out in the Black and Blue Bowl by Southern Miss by a score of 10–0. After a 28–9 loss to in-state power Tennessee, Memphis State was shut out again, this time in a 26–0 loss to Vanderbilt. The Tigers put up seven points in each of their final two games, both losses: 38–7 to Cincinnati and 24–7 to Tulane.
Memphis State compiled another 1–10 record in 1982. The Tigers lost to Ole Miss by a score of 27–10 in the season opener. On September 11, they lost to Vanderbilt by a count of 24–14. Next came a 41–17 loss to Mississippi State followed by a 24–20 loss to Georgia Tech. Next was the Black and Blue Bowl, a game the Tigers lost to Southern Miss by a margin of 34–14. After a 16–7 loss to Cincinnati, the Tigers fell to their foes from down the Mississippi River, losing to Tulane by a score of 17–10. The Tigers put up 3 points in both of the next two weeks, both losses: 34–3 to No. 3 Georgia and 29–3 to Tennessee. On November 20, the Tigers lost their seventeenth straight game dating back to the previous season with a 38–19 loss to Louisville. That streak was snapped the following week, with the Tigers defeating Arkansas State by a score of 12–0 in the season's final game.
The Tigers improved in 1983, compiling a 6–4–1 record. Dockery led Memphis State to a 37–17 win over Ole Miss in the first game of the season. Memphis State scored 10 points each of the next two weeks, both losses: 24–10 to No. 8 North Carolina and 17–10 to Virginia Tech. On October 1, Memphis State lost to No. 6 Alabama by a score of 44–13. After a 28–25 victory over Tulane, the Tigers lost the Black and Blue Bowl to Southern Miss by a score of 27–20. Dockery then led his team to three straight victories, beating Vanderbilt by a margin of 24–7, Mississippi State by a count of 30–13 and Cincinnati by a count of 43–10. On November 19, Memphis State tied Arkansas State at 14–14. The Tigers cruised to an easy 45–7 victory over Louisville in the season finale on November 24.
Dockery was killed in a plane crash on December 12, 1983, in Lawrenceburg, Tennessee, en route to a speaking engagement before the city's quarterback club. Freshman defensive back Charles Greenhill, offensive coordinator Chris Faros, and booster Glenn Jones were also killed in the crash. On December 13, 1984, Dockery's widow Wallene filed a $182,000 lawsuit against Memphis State University and Coca-Cola seeking unpaid contractual payment obligations. In December 1983, the playing surface at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium was named Rex Dockery Field, and was rededicated on October 30, 2013. Dockery had an 8–24–1 record as head coach at Memphis State.
Rey Dempsey era (1984–1985)
On December 26, 1983, Southern Illinois head coach Rey Dempsey was hired as Memphis State's 17th head football coach. Though he did not have ties to the Memphis area or to the Southern United States, Dempsey had enjoyed a moderately successful tenure as the Salukis' head coach, including leading Southern Illinois to the NCAA Division I-AA National Championship in 1983. Dempsey also served as head coach at Youngstown State from 1973 to 1974 and had served as head coach at two Ohio high schools from 1961 to 1970.
The Tigers finished 5–5–1 in 1984. Memphis State defeated Arkansas State by a margin of 17–2 in their first game under Dempsey. After a 22–6 loss to Ole Miss, the Tigers won their next two, defeating Cincinnati by a margin of 47–7 and Southern Miss in the Black and Blue Bowl by a score of 23–13. After tying No. 6 Florida State at 17–17, Memphis State won another two in a row, beating Louisiana-Lafayette by a margin of 20–7 and Mississippi State by a margin of 23–12. Dempsey's team lost its final four games of the season, falling to North Carolina by a score of 30–27, No. 8 Georgia by a margin of 13–3, Tennessee in a blowout by a score of 41–9 and in the season's final game to Tulane by a score of 14–9.
Memphis State compiled a 2–7–2 record in 1985. The Tigers started the season with a 37–6 blowout of Louisiana-Lafayette on August 31. The Tigers settled for ties the next two weeks, locking even in a 17–17 bout with Ole Miss and a 10–10 battle with I-AA opponent Murray State. Memphis State lost its next two, falling to No. 6 Florida State by a margin of 19–10 and Mississippi State by a nail-biting 31–28. After a 38–21 victory over Tulane, the Tigers lost their remaining five games, suffering defeats to Southern Miss in the Black and Blue Bowl by a margin of 14–7, Alabama by a score of 28–9, Virginia Tech by a margin of 31–10, No. 19 Tennessee by a score of 17–7 and Army by a score of 49–7 . After refusing to resign, Dempsey was fired as head coach after the 1985 season. Dempsey left the Tigers with a record of 7–12–3 in two seasons as head coach.
Charlie Bailey era (1986–1988)
Florida defensive coordinator Charlie Bailey was hired as the 18th head football coach at Memphis State after Dempsey's firing. Despite having no head coaching experience, Bailey arrived in Memphis with a great reputation as a defensive mind with over twenty years of assistant coaching experience, serving under the likes of Fran Curci at Miami and Kentucky, Al Conover at Rice and Foge Fazio at Pittsburgh before joining Galen Hall's Florida staff.
Memphis State went 1–10 in 1986. They started the season with a 28–6 loss to Ole Miss on September 6. The next week, the Tigers lost to Arkansas State in the Paint Bucket Bowl by a score of 30–10. Louisiana-Lafayette defeated the Tigers by a score of 26–10 on September 20. Memphis' tough season continued the next week against Louisville, losing to the Cardinals by a score of 34–8. After a 34–17 loss to Mississippi State, Bailey's team was shut out by No. 2 Alabama by a score of 37–0. On October 18, the Tigers lost a close 14–9 contest to rival Southern Miss. Memphis State won its first game of the season on November 1 with a 22–21 victory over Vanderbilt. The Tigers lost their last three games of the season, falling to Tennessee by a margin of 33–3, Tulane by a margin of 15–6 and New Mexico by a margin of 20–13.
The Tigers improved to 5–5–1 in 1987. In the season opener, Bailey's squad defeated Ole Miss by a score of 16–10. Memphis State lost their next three, dropping contests to Vanderbilt by a margin of 27–17, No. 7 Florida State by a score of 41–24 and Mississippi State in a 9–6 defensive struggle. On October 10, Memphis State pulled off one of the biggest wins in program history, defeating No. 15 Alabama by a score of 13–10. The next week, the Tigers defeated Tulane by a margin of 45–36. After a nail biting 17–14 defeat at the hands of Southern Miss, Memphis State tied Arkansas State at 21–21. After a 31–7 loss to Louisiana-Lafayette, Memphis State won its last two games of the season, crushing Louisville by a score of 43–8 and shutting out Tulsa by a score of 14–0.
Bailey's Tigers finished 6–5 in 1988. They started the season on September 3 with a 24–6 loss to Ole Miss. After a 9–7 victory over Arkansas State, the Tigers lost their next two, suffering a 29–18 defeat to Louisville and a 20–19 nail biter to Tulane. Memphis State then defeated Southeastern Conference opponents in the next two weeks, topping Mississippi State by a margin of 31–10 and No. 14 Florida by a margin of 17–11. After a 38–25 loss to Tennessee and a 34–27 loss to Southern Miss, the Tigers won their last three games of the season, defeating Louisiana-Lafayette by a score of 20–3, Tulsa by a margin of 26–20 and Vanderbilt by a margin of 28–9. Bailey resigned as Memphis State head coach in May 1989 after allegations that two of his athletes lied about contacts with school boosters. He put together a 12–20–1 record in three seasons.
Chuck Stobart era (1989–1994)
On June 26, 1989, USC offensive coordinator Chuck Stobart was named the 19th head coach of the Memphis State Tigers. An assistant coach under Bo Schembechler at Miami (OH) and Michigan, Stobart served as head coach at Toledo from 1977 to 1981 and Utah from 1982 to 1984, achieving mediocre success. After leaving the Utes, Stobart served as offensive coordinator at Pittsburgh in 1985 under Foge Fazio and at Arizona under Larry Smith in 1986 before following Smith to USC. Stobart signed a four-year contract with Memphis State worth a base salary of $100,000 annually.
Memphis State finished 2–9 in 1989. After a 20–13 loss to Ole Miss, the Tigers lost the Paint Bucket Bowl to Arkansas State by a margin of 17–13. Next came a 35–7 loss to No. 16 Alabama and a 38–13 loss to Florida. On October 7, Stobart's team got their first win of the season with a 13–10 victory over in-state opponent Vanderbilt. The next week, the Tigers picked up their second win of the campaign, defeating Cincinnati by a score of 34–17. On October 21, Memphis State lost to Mississippi State by a margin of 35–10. That was followed by a 31–7 loss to Southern Miss in the Black and Blue Bowl. After a 38–34 loss to Tulane, the Tigers lost to Louisville by 40–10. Memphis State closed the season on November 18 with another loss, a 57–20 blowout at the hands of No. 5 Florida State. After the 1989 season, Stobart fired six of his nine assistant coaches, including both coordinators.
The Tigers went 4–6–1 in 1990. Memphis State's football season began on September 1 with a 24–24 tie in the Paint Bucket Bowl with Arkansas State behind running back (and future Tigers head coach) Larry Porter's 206 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns. After a tough 23–21 nail biting defeat to rival Ole Miss, the Tigers embarked upon a three-game winning streak, beginning with a 37–28 win over UCF. On September 29, Stobart's Tigers defeated Tulsa by a margin of 22–10. The next week, Memphis State defeated Tulane by a count of 21–14. On October 13, the Tigers lost a close 19–17 contest to Louisville. That was followed by a 23–7 loss in the annual Black and Blue Bowl to Southern Miss. After a 20–6 victory over Louisiana-Lafayette, Stobart's squad lost its last three, falling to East Carolina by a score of 24–17, Mississippi State by a count of 27–23 and No. 9 Florida State in a 35–3 blowout.
Stobart led the Tigers to a 5–6 record in 1991. Memphis State started the season by upsetting No. 16 USC by a score of 24–10. The following week, Stobart's Tigers lost to rival Ole Miss by a score of 10–0. On September 14, Memphis State lost to East Carolina by a count of 20–13. The Tigers got their second win of the season the following week with a 31–21 win over Arkansas State. After a 31–21 loss to Missouri, the Tigers won two in a row, defeating Southern Miss 17–12 and Mississippi State 28–23. On October 26, Memphis State lost to Tulsa by a count of 33–28. The next week, Memphis State lost to No. 14 Tennessee by a margin of 52–24. After a 35–7 thrashing of Louisville, the Tigers finished the season with a 10–7 loss to No. 7 Alabama.
Memphis State went 6–5 in 1992. They began the season on September 5, losing the Black and Blue Bowl to Southern Miss by a score of 23–21. Another close loss came the following week in the form of a 16–15 loss to Louisville. In the season's third game, the Tigers dropped another nail biter, falling to No. 24 Mississippi State by a margin of 20–16. After the season's third game, 80 Tigers football players boycotted team practice, claiming they had lost respect for Coach Stobart for the way he handled the team. However, after Stobart acknowledged the players' frustrations and promised to change his approach, the players returned after sitting out only one day. On September 26, Memphis State won their first game of the season, defeating Arkansas by a margin of 22–6. The Tigers defeated Cincinnati by a score of 34–14 and followed that with a 37–7 victory over rival Arkansas State. On October 24, Memphis State defeated Tulsa by a margin of 30–25. The team's winning streak was extended to five with a 62–20 shellacking of Tulane on Halloween. Ole Miss snapped Memphis State's winning streak on November 7 with a 17–12 victory over the Tigers. That was followed by a 26–21 loss to No. 23 Tennessee on November 14. They finished the season with a 42–7 drubbing of East Carolina on November 21.
The Tigers finished with another 6–5 record in 1993. They opened the season with a 45–35 victory over No. 23 Mississippi State on September 4. In the season's second game, Stobart's team got crushed by Louisville to the tune of 54–28. The Tigers lost a closer 17–15 contest to Louisiana-Lafayette in their third game of the season. The Tigers then notched their first win of the season, shutting out Arkansas by a margin of 6–0. That was followed by a 34–7 thrashing of East Carolina and a 45–3 drubbing of rival Arkansas State. Stobart's squad lost to Tulsa by a score of 23–19 and Cincinnati by a count of 23–20 over the next two weeks. The Tigers then defeated Ole Miss by a score of 19–3 and Southern Miss by a margin of 20–9. In the season's last game, the Tigers lost to No. 9 Miami by a margin of 41–17. Star wide receiver Isaac Bruce, a senior in 1993, finished his Memphis State career with 113 receptions for 1,586 yards (14.0 yards per rec. avg.) and 15 touchdowns. He was selected in the second round with the 33rd overall pick in the 1994 NFL Draft by the Los Angeles Rams.
Memphis State University changed its name to the University of Memphis in 1994. That year, the Tigers finished 6–5 for the third consecutive year. On September 3, Stobart's squad lost to Mississippi State by a margin of 17–6. Memphis won its first game of the season the following week with a 42–18 thrashing of Tulsa. After a 20–3 loss to Southern Miss, Memphis won their next four games, topping Arkansas in a 16–15 nail biter, Tulane in a 13–0 shutout, Arkansas State by a margin of 15–6 and Cincinnati in a 26–3 blowout. On October 29, Memphis lost to Louisville by a score of 10–6. That was followed by a 17–16 win over Ole Miss. In the season's final two games, the Tigers lost to Tennessee by a margin of 24–13 and East Carolina by a count of 30–6. On January 13, 1995, Stobart was fired as head coach of the Tigers. His Tigers compiled a 29–36–1 record in his five seasons.
Rip Scherer era (1995–2000)
James Madison head coach Rip Scherer took over as the Tigers' 20th head football coach after Stobart's termination. Scherer arrived in the Mid-South with some impressive credentials, serving as offensive coordinator at Georgia Tech from 1980 to 1986 under Bill Curry and then following Curry to Alabama, serving as the Crimson Tide's offensive coordinator in 1987. He then joined Dick Tomey's Arizona staff, serving as offensive coordinator from 1988 to 1990 before taking over as James Madison's head coach. Scherer signed a five-year contract worth a base salary of $110,000 annually.
On April 24, 1995, the University of Memphis ended its 21-year run as an independent when jointed the news Conference USA. The league announced it would begin football competition in 1996.
The Tigers finished 3–8 in 1995. They kicked off the season on September 2 with a 28–18 loss to Mississippi State. After a 24–7 loss to No. 11 Michigan, Memphis picked up its first win of the season with a 33–19 victory over Louisiana-Lafayette. The next week, Scherer's team lost to Arkansas by a score of 27–20. On September 30, the Tigers lost to Louisville by a margin of 17–7. After a 23–8 victory over Tulane, Memphis lost to Cincinnati by a score of 28–3. After a 10–7 win over Tulsa, the Tigers lost 34–3 to Ole Miss. After a 17–9 loss to Southern Miss in the Black and Blue Bowl, Scherer's squad finished the season with a 31–17 defeat by East Carolina.
Memphis went 4–7 in 1996, its first season in Conference USA. In the season opener, the Tigers suffered a 30–7 loss to No. 11 Miami. The following week, they suffered a 31–10 loss to Mississippi State. Scherer then led the Tigers to three straight wins, defeating Missouri by a score of 19–16, Tulane by a margin of 17–10 and Cincinnati by a score of 18–16. On October 12, the Tigers lost to Houston by a margin of 37–20. That was followed by a 16–0 shutout loss to Southern Miss. On October 26, Scherer's Tigers suffered a 13–9 loss at the hands of Louisiana-Lafayette. Another loss followed in the form of a 13–10 defeat at the hands of Louisville on November 2. Then, the Tigers notched one of the biggest wins in program history. On November 9, 1996, the Tigers beat SEC power No. 6 Tennessee, quarterbacked by Peyton Manning, 21–17 at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium. It was the first time Memphis had defeated the Vols in fifteen meetings, and the Vols came into the game with a 40–1 record in November since 1985. Fans stormed the field and tore down the goalposts after the huge upset win. During the game, Memphis kick returner Kevin Cobb returned a kickoff for a touchdown. The touchdown won an ESPY for "College Football Play of the Year" in June 1997. It would take another 19 years for the Tigers to defeat another nationally ranked team, when they defeated No. 13 Ole Miss by a margin of 37–24 in 2015. Scherer's Tigers lost by a score of 20–10 to East Carolina in the season's final game.
Memphis posted a second consecutive 4–7 record in 1997. After dropping the season opener by a score of 13–10 to Mississippi State, the Tigers got their first win of the season in their second game, defeating UAB by a score of 28–7. Scherer's team then embarked upon a three-game losing streak, beginning with a 51–21 loss to No. 21 Michigan State on September 13. Next, Memphis lost to Minnesota by a score of 20–17. On October 4, Memphis lost to Cincinnati by second straight 20–17 score. After a 38–9 shellacking of Arkansas State, Scherer's squad lost by a score of 32–10 to East Carolina. After a 24–3 victory over Houston, Memphis lost to Tulane by a score of 26–14. On November 15, the Tigers lost a 21–20 nail biter to Louisville. They concluded the season on November 22 with a 42–18 defeat in the Black and Blue Bowl to Southern Miss.
The Tigers went 2–9 in 1998. They started the season with a 30–10 loss to Ole Miss. The Tigers faced the other Southeastern Conference team from Mississippi in the season's second game, falling to the Bulldogs by a margin of 14–6. On September 19, Scherer's team lost to Minnesota by a margin of 41–14. The next week, Memphis lost to Houston by a count of 35–14. After a 23–9 defeat at the hands of No. 20 Arkansas, the Tigers defeated Cincinnati by a count of 41–23 to record their first win of the season. After a 35–32 loss to Louisville, Memphis picked up its second win of the year by beating Arkansas State in the Paint Bucket Bowl by a margin of 35–19 After a 41–31 loss to No. 15 Tulane on November 7, Scherer's squad lost to Southern Miss by a blowout margin of 45–3. They closed the season with a 34–31 loss to East Carolina.
Scherer led the Tigers to a 5–6 mark in 1999. In their first game, Memphis lost a defensive struggle to Ole Miss by a count of 3–0. The next week, the Tigers again lost by three points, falling to Mississippi State by a margin of 13–10. On September 18, Memphis won the Paint Bucket Bowl, defeating Arkansas State by a score of 31–26. The Tigers then lost a 17–16 contest to No. 7 Tennessee on September 25. That was followed by a 27–17 loss to Missouri. After a 38–14 victory over UAB, Memphis suffered another defeat, a 32–31 nail biter to Louisville. After a 49–7 blowout of Tulane, Scherer's team lost to No. 25 Southern Miss by a score of 20–5. The Tigers finished the season with two wins, defeating Army by a score of 14–10 and Cincinnati by a score of 21–13.
Memphis finished 4–7 in 2000. The Tigers lost to Mississippi State by a margin of 17–3 in the season opener on September 2. Scherer then led his team to three straight wins, beginning with a 28–0 shutout over Louisiana-Monroe. The next week, the Tigers won the Paint Bucket Bowl over Arkansas State by a score of 19–17. That was followed by a 26–16 victory over Army on September 23. After a 24–3 loss to No. 21 Southern Miss in the Black and Blue Bowl, Memphis defeated East Carolina by a score of 17–10. On October 14, Memphis lost to UAB by a count of 13–9. The next week, Memphis lost to Houston by a margin of 33–30 in triple overtime. On November 4, the Tigers lost to in-state foe Tennessee by a margin of 19–17. After a 13–10 overtime loss to Cincinnati, the Tigers lost to Tulane by a margin of 37–14 in the season's final game. Scherer was fired as head coach after the 2000 season. He left Memphis with a 22–44 record in six seasons as head coach.
Tommy West era (2001–2009)
On November 30, 2000, it was announced that Tommy West had been promoted from defensive coordinator to head football coach of the Tigers, the 21st in program history. A tight end at Tennessee from 1972 to 1975 under Bill Battle, West had over twenty years of college football coaching experience at the time he became head coach of the Tigers. He also had prior head coaching experience, serving as the head coach at Clemson from 1993 to 1998 and at FCS program Chattanooga in 1993. West joined Rip Scherer's Memphis staff as defensive coordinator on January 6, 2000. West signed a five-year contract paying him a base salary of $139,725 annually plus room for incentive bonuses.
Memphis went 5–6 in 2001. In the season's first game, the Tigers lost to No. 18 Mississippi State by a margin of 30–10. After picking up their first win of the season with a 43–10 shellacking of I-AA opponent Chattanooga, West's team picked up its second win of the season with a 17–9 victory over South Florida. After a 38–21 loss to Louisville, Memphis won their next two, defeating Southern Miss by a score of 22–17 and Houston by a one-sided score of 52–33. On October 20, the Tigers lost to East Carolina by a margin of 32–11. That was followed by a second consecutive loss in the form of a 17–14 nail biter at the hands of UAB. On November 10, the Tigers lost a third straight game, falling to No. 6 Tennessee by a score of 49–28. The following week, West's squad broke its losing streak with a 42–10 pounding of Army. On November 24, Memphis closed the season with a last-second 36–34 loss to Cincinnati.
The Tigers finished with a 3–9 record in 2002. The season began on August 31 with a 52-6 pounding of I-AA opponent Murray State. One week later, Memphis lost to Ole Miss by a score of 38–16. In the season's third game, the Tigers lost the Black and Blue Bowl to Southern Miss by a margin of 33–14. After a 38–10 victory over Tulane, West's team lost their next six, beginning with a 31–17 loss to UAB. On October 8, Memphis lost to Louisville by a score of 38–32. On October 19, the Tigers lost to Mississippi State by a margin of 29–17. One week later, Cincinnati defeated Memphis by a margin of 48–10. On November 2, Houston defeated West's Tigers by a score of 26–21. After a 38–21 loss to South Florida, Memphis notched its third win of the season with a 38–10 win over Army. On November 30, the Tigers lost to TCU by a score of 27–20 to finish the season.
Memphis improved to 9–4 in 2003. In the season opener, the Tigers defeated in-state I-AA foe Tennessee Tech by a score of 40–10. In the season's second game, Memphis upset Ole Miss by a count of 44–34. After a 23–6 loss to Southern Miss, Memphis defeated Arkansas State by a count of 38–16. They then lost their next two, falling to UAB by a margin of 24–10 and Mississippi State by a score of 35–27. Memphis rebounded to win their next five, starting with a 45–14 victory over Houston. That was followed by a 41–9 win over Tulane. On November 1, the Tigers defeated East Carolina by a margin of 41–24. In the season's tenth game, West's team defeated Louisville by a score of 37–7. One week later, the Tigers defeated Cincinnati by a score of 21–16. In the regular season finale, the Tigers lost a 21–16 game to South Florida. Memphis accepted a berth in the 2003 New Orleans Bowl, a game they won over North Texas by a score of 27–17. The victory was Memphis' first bowl appearance in a bowl game and first bowl victory in 32 years, since the 1971 Pasadena Bowl.
The Tigers finished with an 8–4 record in 2004. They defeated Ole Miss by a margin of 20–13 in the season opener. The next week, West's squad won its second game with a 52–21 rout of I-AA foe Chattanooga. Entering their next contest as the No. 25 team in the country, they followed that with a third straight win: a 47-35 trouncing of Arkansas State. After a 35–28 loss to UAB, the Tigers defeated Houston 41–14 and Tulane 49–24. After a 49–10 blowout loss to Cincinnati and a 56–49 loss to No. 14 Louisville, Memphis won a 30–26 contest over Southern Miss, a 38–35 game over East Carolina and a 31-15 contest over South Florida. The Tigers received a berth in the 2004 GMAC Bowl, a contest they lost to Bowling Green by a margin of 52–35. After leading the Tigers to consecutive bowl appearances for the first time in program history, the University of Memphis administration signed West to a raise and one-year contract extension.
Memphis finished 7–5 in 2005. They started the season on September 5 with a 10–6 loss to Ole Miss. After a 59–14 thrashing of I-AA Chattanooga, Memphis lost its third game of the season to Tulsa by a margin of 37–31 in overtime. The Tigers defeated UTEP by a score of 27–20 in the season's fourth game. After a 38–17 defeat at the hands of UCF, West's team beat Houston 35-20 and East Carolina 27–24. After a 37–20 loss to UAB and a 20–16 loss to Tennessee, West's squad defeated Southern Miss by a margin of 24–22 and Marshall by a score of 26–3 to finish the regular season. Memphis made its third straight bowl appearance with its berth in the 2005 Motor City Bowl, defeating Akron by a score of 38–31. During that game, star Tigers running back DeAngelo Williams set an NCAA record with his 34th career game of at least 100 rushing yards. Williams, a senior in 2005 and a finalist for the Doak Walker Award that year, was selected in the first round with the 27th overall pick in the 2006 NFL Draft by the Carolina Panthers. Kicker Stephen Gostkowski was also selected in that year's draft, going in the fourth round with the 118th overall pick to the New England Patriots.
The Tigers struggled to a 2–10 record in 2006. They began the season on September 3, losing to Ole Miss by a margin of 28–25. After a 33–14 win over I-AA Chattanooga, Memphis lost nine straight, beginning with a 35–20 defeat to East Carolina. After the East Carolina loss, West fired defensive coordinator Joe Lee Dunn. On September 30, West's team lost to No. 15 Tennessee by a margin of 41–7. The next week, the Tigers lost to UAB by a score of 35–29. After a 26–23 Paint Bucket Bowl loss to Arkansas State, Memphis lost to Tulsa by a margin of 35–14. On October 28, the Tigers lost to Marshall by a score of 41–27. Southern Miss then doubled up the Tigers by a score of 42–21. After a 26–24 loss to UCF, Memphis suffered a 23–20 overtime loss to Houston. The Tigers ended their long losing streak by picking up their second win of the season in the last game with a 38–19 victory over UTEP.
Memphis finished 7–6 in 2007. After dropping the opener to Ole Miss by a margin of 23–21, West's squad defeated I-AA opponent Jacksonville State by a margin of 35–14 to record their first win of the season. After losing to UCF by a margin of 56-20 and Arkansas State by a score of 35-31 after blowing a 25-point halftime lead, Memphis defeated Marshall by a score of 24–21. After a 21–7 loss to in-state foe Middle Tennessee, Memphis beat Rice by a score of 38-35 and Tulane by a slim margin of 28–27. After a 56–40 loss to East Carolina, West's team won three straight, defeating Southern Miss by a margin of 29–26, UAB by a count of 25-9 and SMU in a triple-overtime 55–52 shootout. The Tigers made their fourth bowl appearance in five years in the 2007 New Orleans Bowl, losing to Florida Atlantic by a score of 44–27.
The Tigers went 6–7 in 2008. They lost their first three games of the season, falling to Ole Miss by a margin of 41–24, Rice by a score of 42-35 and Marshall in a 17–16 nail biter. West's Tigers won their next three, defeating I-AA Nicholls State by a margin of 31–10, Arkansas State by a score of 29–17 and UAB in a 33-30 nail biter. After a 35–28 loss to Louisville and a 30–10 loss to East Carolina, Memphis defeated Southern Miss by a count of 36-30 and SMU by a count of 31–26. After a 28–21 loss to UCF, Memphis finished the regular season with a 45-6 thrashing of Tulane. The Tigers made their fifth bowl appearance in six years in the 2008 St. Petersburg Bowl, losing to South Florida in a 41–14 rout.
Memphis regressed to a 2–10 record in 2009. They were trounced by No. 8 Ole Miss in the season opener, losing 45–14. After a 31–14 loss to Middle Tennessee, West's squad earned its first win of the season with a 41–14 win over in-state FCS opponent UT Martin. After a 27–16 loss to Marshall and a 32–14 defeat at the hands of UCF, the Tigers defeated UTEP by a score of 35–20. Memphis lost its final six games of the season, beginning with a 36–16 defeat to Southern Miss on October 17. On October 27, West's team lost to East Carolina by a count of 38–19. On November 7, the Tigers lost to in-state foe Tennessee by a score of 56–28.
On November 10, 2009, it was announced that West would be fired as Memphis head coach after the completion of the 2009 season. At the press conference announcing his firing, West vented his frustration about lack of financial and fan support and said that if the University of Memphis athletics department did not show more commitment to the football program, the program did not have "a fighting chance". On November 14, the Tigers lost to UAB by a margin of 31–21. That was followed by a 55–14 thrashing at the hands of No. 24 Houston. In the last game of the season, Memphis lost a nail biter to Tulsa by a score of 33–30 in overtime. West left Memphis with a 49–61 record.
Larry Porter era (2010–2011)
On November 29, 2009, LSU running backs coach Larry Porter was named the 22nd head football coach for the University of Memphis football program. Although he had no head coaching or coordinating experience, Porter was a well-regarded recruiter and running backs coach who had played running back for the Tigers from 1990 to 1993 under Chuck Stobart. Porter's hiring made him the first African-American head coach in the history of Memphis football. Porter signed a five-year contract worth a base salary of $750,000 annually. The Tigers struggled tremendously under Porter as fan support, attendance and revenue fell.
The Tigers went 1–11 in 2010. They kicked off the Porter era on September 4 against Mississippi State, losing to the Bulldogs by a score of 49–7. After losing to East Carolina by a margin of 49–27, the Tigers notched their first win of the Porter era, defeating in-state opponent Middle Tennessee by a score of 24–17. The next week, Memphis lost to UTEP by a score of 16–13. That was followed by a 48–7 blowout loss to Tulsa on October 2. After a 56–0 shutout defeat at the hands of Louisville, the Tigers suffered a 41–19 defeat in the Black and Blue Bowl to Southern Miss. On October 30, Porter's team lost to Houston by a margin of 56–17. The following week, Memphis suffered another blowout in the form of a 50–14 shellacking by in-state foe Tennessee. The Tigers lost to Marshall by a score of 28–13 on November 13. The Tigers suffered a 31–15 loss to UAB and a 37–17 defeat at the hands of UCF to close the season.
Memphis finished 2–10 in 2011. The Tigers started the season with two blowout losses, 59–14 to No. 20 Mississippi State and 47–3 to Arkansas State. The Tigers won their third game of the season, defeating FCS in-state opponent Austin Peay by a score of 27–6. After a 42–0 shutout loss to SMU, the Tigers lost to Middle Tennessee by a margin of 38–31. On October 8, Porter's team lost to Rice by a score of 28–6. The next week, Memphis lost to East Carolina by a count of 35–17. Porter's Tigers got their second win of the season on October 22 with a 33–17 victory over Tulane, their foes from down the Mississippi River. After a 41–0 shutout shellacking to UCF, the Tigers lost a closer contest to UAB by a score of 41–35. After a 23–22 loss to Marshall, Memphis closed the season with a 44–7 crushing to Southern Miss.
On November 27, 2011, Porter was fired as Tigers head coach after only having won three games during his two-year tenure. For his buyout, Memphis owed Porter a total of $754,890 annually for the remaining four years of his contract. Porter's tenure as Memphis head coach is regarded as one of the worst head coaching tenures in the history of college football. During Larry Porter's two years, Memphis finished at or near the bottom of the FBS in nearly every offensive and defensive statistical category. Porter amassed a 3–21 record as head coach of the Tigers.
Justin Fuente era (2012–2015)
On December 8, 2011, TCU offensive coordinator Justin Fuente was formally introduced as the Tigers' 23rd head coach. The 35-year old Fuente, who had no prior head coaching experience, had spent the previous five years at TCU as an assistant, including serving as offensive coordinator for the final three years under Gary Patterson. During his time as offensive coordinator for the Horned Frogs, Fuente oversaw a spread offense that was among the nation's most explosive, helped TCU to an appearance in the 2010 Fiesta Bowl and a victory in the 2011 Rose Bowl and coached one of the nation's best quarterbacks in Andy Dalton. Fuente signed a five-year contract with the University of Memphis that paid him a base salary of $900,000 annually.
On February 8, 2012, it was announced the University of Memphis would end its 17-year run in Conference USA and join the Big East Conference in all sports, effective July 1, 2013. On July 1, 2013, the non-football playing schools (also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name. The remaining six football-playing members joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference (AAC) as the legal successor of the original Big East; the AAC retains the Big East's football structure and inherited its single automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series.
The Tigers finished 4–8 in 2012. They began the season on September 1 with a 20–17 loss to FCS in-state opponent UT Martin. In the season's second game, Memphis lost the Paint Bucket Bowl to Arkansas State by a margin of 33–28. On September 15, Fuente's Tigers lost to in-state foe Middle Tennessee by a margin of 48–30. After a 38–14 loss to Duke, the Tiger recorded their first win under Fuente, defeating Rice by a score of 14–10. On October 13, Memphis lost to East Carolina by a margin of 41–7. The following week, UCF defeated Fuente's squad by a score of 35–17. On October 27, the Tigers lost to SMU by a score of 44–13. After a 38–28 defeat at the hands of Marshall, Memphis recorded its second win of the season with a 37–23 victory over Tulane. The Tigers got a second consecutive win the following week in the form of a 46–9 shellacking of UAB. The Tigers extended their winning streak to three in the season's final game with a 42–24 win in the Black and Blue Bowl over winless rival Southern Miss. On February 13, 2013, Memphis announced it had signed Justin Fuente to a one-year contract extension through the 2017 season as a result of improvement shown by the team in his first year as head coach, as evidenced by the team winning more games in 2012 than in the previous two seasons combined.
Memphis finished with a 3–9 record in 2013, their first season as members of the American Athletic Conference. The Tigers kicked off the season at home against Duke, losing to the Blue Devils by a margin of 28–14. The next week, they lost to Middle Tennessee by a score of 17–15. Fuente's team got its first win in the season's third game by defeating Arkansas State by a score of 31–7. On October 12, the Tigers lost to Houston by a score of 25–15. The next week, Fuente's squad lost to SMU by a margin of 34–29. After a 34–21 loss to Cincinnati, the Tigers defeated SMU by a score of 21–6. They won a second consecutive game the following week by defeating South Florida by a margin of 23–10. Kicker Jake Elliott set a Memphis record for his 56-yard field goal on the road at USF. This new Tigers record broke the old school record set by Stephen Gostkowski who hit a 53-yard field goal 2005. He also was recognized by including being named the American Athletic Conference Special Teams Player of the Week and also one of three players to be named "Stars of the Week" by Lou Groza Award. On November 23, the Tigers lost a close 24–17 game to No. 21 Louisville. That was followed by a 41–21 loss to Temple. In the final game of the season, Memphis got blown out by UConn by a score of 45–10.
The Tigers improved to a 10–3 record in 2014. In the season's first game, the Tigers crushed in-state FCS opponent Austin Peay by a whopping 63–0. After a 42–35 loss to No. 11 UCLA, Fuente's squad handled Middle Tennessee by a margin of 36–17. After a 24–3 loss to Ole Miss, Memphis defeated Cincinnati by a margin of 41–14. After a nail biting 28–24 loss to Houston, the Tigers won their final seven games of the season, beginning with a 48–10 pounding of SMU. On Halloween, the Tigers doubled by Tulsa to the tune of 40–20. The next week, Fuente led the Tigers to a close 16–13 victory over Temple. That was followed by a 38–7 thrashing of Tulane on November 15. One week later, Memphis defeated South Florida by a margin of 31–20. The Tigers closed the regular season with a 41–10 rout over UConn. Fuente's Tigers accepted a berth in the inaugural 2014 Miami Beach Bowl, where they defeated BYU in a 55–48 overtime thriller. Memphis finished the season as co-champions of the AAC. This was the first football conference championship for the Memphis Tigers since the 1971 Missouri Valley Conference championship and only their second 10-win season since 1938. The Tigers finished the season ranked No. 25 in both the AP and the Coaches Polls. Fuente was named a finalist for the Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year award. During his sophomore year, Jake Elliott led the American Athletic Conference in per game scoring, averaging 9.2 points throughout his season. For the second year in a row, he was named First Team All-Conference as well as being named Conference Special Teams Player of the Year. He scored 120 points during his season, making 21-of-32 field goal attempts while also converting all 57 extra point conversions. Elliott kicked the fourth longest field goal in bowl game history. The kick was a 54-yard attempt, which extended the Tigers into a second overtime where they won the Miami Beach Bowl in double overtime over BYU by a score of 55–48. On December 18, 2014, it was announced that the University of Memphis administration signed Justin Fuente to another contract extension and raise, increasing his annual pay to $1.4 million.
Memphis went 9–4 in 2015. The Tigers' season kicked off on September 5 with a 63–7 romp over FCS opponent Missouri State. One week later, the Tigers dominated Kansas with 651 yards of total offense in a 55–23 rout. In the season's third game, Fuente's team edged Bowling Green by a margin of 44–41. That was followed by a 53–46 victory over Cincinnati on September 24. In the season's fifth game, Memphis defeated South Florida by a score of 24–17 to extend their winning streak to twelve games dating back to the previous season. On October 17, 2015, Memphis, led by quarterback Paxton Lynch, upset No. 13 Ole Miss 37–24 at the Liberty Bowl, catapulting the team into the national spotlight. The victory was the Tigers' first over a ranked team since 1996, when they defeated No. 6 Tennessee. The 6–0 Tigers entered the AP Poll the following day at No. 18 having been ranked in the Coaches Poll for the previous two weeks, the highest AP Poll ranking in Memphis football history. On October 23, the Tigers defeated Tulsa by a score of 66–42 behind Paxton Lynch's career-high 447 passing yards and four touchdown passes. On Halloween, the Tigers winning streak was extended to fifteen with a 41–13 victory over Tulane. On November 3, 2015, an undefeated (8–0) Memphis team was ranked No. 13 in the season's first College Football Playoff poll, the highest ranking of any non-Power Five team in the poll's history and the highest national ranking in Memphis football history. The Tigers' unprecedented winning streak was snapped, however, with a 45–20 loss to Navy on November 7. Memphis suffered a second consecutive loss the following week in a 35–34 defeat to No. 16 Houston. On November 20, 2015, it was reported that the University of Memphis offered another contract extension to Fuente that would've made him the highest paid non-Power Five head coach in the country. On November 21, Fuente's team lost a third straight game, falling to Temple by a margin of 31–12. The Tigers got back on track in the season's final game on November 28, demolishing SMU in a 63–0 shutout behind Paxton Lynch's record-tying seven touchdown passes in the game's first half.
On November 29, 2015, it was announced that Justin Fuente was leaving Memphis to become head coach at Virginia Tech. Offensive coordinator Darrell Dickey was named interim head coach for the 2015 Birmingham Bowl, a game the Tigers lost to Auburn by a score of 31–10. In April 2016, Paxton Lynch was selected by the Denver Broncos in the first round of the 2016 NFL Draft with the 26th overall selection. Fuente left Memphis with a 26–23 record, becoming the first head coach in 41 years, since Fred Pancoast, to leave Memphis with a winning record.
Mike Norvell era (2016–2019)
On December 4, 2015, Arizona State offensive coordinator Mike Norvell was introduced as the 24th head football coach of the Memphis Tigers. The youngest FBS head coach in the nation at the time of his hiring (aged 34), Norvell had overseen one of the nation's most explosive offenses at Arizona State under Todd Graham. Like Justin Fuente, Norvell was a young, up-and-coming offensive coordinator who employed an up-tempo, pass-oriented spread offense and brought the high-octane system with him to Memphis.
One of Norvell's first moves as head coach was to retain Darrell Dickey from Fuente's staff, naming him associate head coach/co-offensive coordinator and running backs coach. The University of Memphis signed Norvell to a five-year contract that paid him a base salary of $1.8 million for his first year that would increase slightly each passing year.
The Tigers finished with an 8–5 record in 2016. With Riley Ferguson taking over as the team's starting quarterback, Memphis began the Norvell era with a 35–17 victory over FCS opponent Southeast Missouri State on September 3. The next week, Norvell's team defeated Kansas by a margin of 43–7. In the season's third game, the Tigers obliterated Bowling Green by a whopping 77–3 behind Ferguson's six passing touchdowns and one rushing touchdown in the game's first half. On October 1, Ole Miss handed Memphis its first loss of the season in a 48–28 rout. Five days later, the Tigers defeated Temple by a score of 34–27. That was followed by a 24–14 victory over Tulane on October 14. Memphis lost its next two; dropping a 42–28 contest to #24 Navy and a 59–30 blowout to Tulsa. On November 5, the Tigers pounded SMU by an overwhelming 51–7. The next week, Norvell's Tigers lost a shootout to South Florida by a margin of 49–42. They closed the regular season with a 34–27 win over Cincinnati on November 18 and a 48–44 victory over #18 Houston in a shootout. The Tigers accepted a berth in the 2016 Boca Raton Bowl, a game they lost to Western Kentucky by a score of 51–31. In 13 starts in 2016, Riley Ferguson threw for 3,698 yards and broke Paxton Lynch's single-season record with 32 touchdown passes set the previous season. After the 2016 season, co-offensive coordinator Chip Long left the Tigers to take the same position on Brian Kelly's staff at Notre Dame. To replace Long, Darrell Dickey was named the team's sole offensive coordinator. On May 12, 2017, it was announced that the University of Memphis signed Norvell to a one-year contract extension though the 2021 season and gave his assistant coaches raises. Kicker Jake Elliott was selected in the fifth round with the 153rd overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals.
Memphis went 10–3 in 2017. They started the season on August 31 with a 37–29 victory over Louisiana-Monroe. The Tigers were supposed to play UCF on September 9, but due to Hurricane Irma, the game, which originally had been moved up one day to September 8, was rescheduled for September 30. In order to reschedule the American Athletic Conference game, Memphis canceled their game with Georgia State, leaving the team with only 11 regular season games as opposed to the usual 12. On September 16, the Tigers picked up a 48–45 upset victory over #25 UCLA, marking only their second victory over a ranked opponent in 21 years. After a 44–31 victory over Football Championship Subdivision opponent Southern Illinois, Norvell's Tigers suffered their first loss of the season in the form of a 40–13 defeat in the rescheduled UCF game. On October 6, Memphis obliterated UConn by a margin of 70–31. That was followed by a 30–27 victory over #25 Navy, marking the first time the Tigers had ever defeated two ranked opponents in a single season in school history. Ranked #25 in the country in the AP Poll, the Tigers won their third consecutive contest with an exciting 42–38 win over Houston. A fourth straight win followed on October 27 with a 56–26 blowout victory over Tulane. Norvell's Tigers made it five in a row with a 41–14 victory over Tulsa. On November 18, the Tigers defeated SMU in a high-scoring 66–45 contest to clinch the American Athletic Conference's West Division and a berth in the 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game. Memphis finished off the regular season with a 70–13 beat down of East Carolina, recording their seventh consecutive victory. In the 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game, the Tigers lost a hard-fought 62–55 double overtime contest to UCF. Memphis accepted a berth in the 2017 Liberty Bowl on their home field, losing the game to Iowa State by a nail biting margin of 21–20. On December 5, 2017, Memphis signed Norvell to another contract extension, a five-year addition to his deal worth $13 million. The extension increased Norvell's annual pay to $2.6 million and made him the highest paid Group of 5 head coach in the country. Following the 2017 season, offensive coordinator Darrell Dickey left Norvell's staff to take the offensive coordinator position on newly hired head coach Jimbo Fisher's staff at Texas A&M. Kenny Dillingham was promoted from graduate assistant to replace Dickey. After starting the 2018 season 4–4 overall and 1–3 in conference play, Memphis would win their last 4 games, including a 52–31 victory over Houston in the final week of the regular season to finish in a 3-way tie for first in the West with Houston and Tulane. After tiebreakers, Memphis was awarded with the West conference berth to the 2018 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game, facing off against UCF again in Orlando. Despite having a 38–21 lead at the half, the Tigers would only manage to score 3 points in the second half and ended up losing 56–41. Memphis accepted a berth in the 2018 Birmingham Bowl, losing to Wake Forest 37–34 to finish the season 8–6.
The 2019 season was one of the best seasons in the program's history, as the Tigers went 11–1 in the regular season and clinched a spot in the 2019 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game on December 7, the team's 3rd championship appearance in a row, this time they went up against Cincinnati, whom the Tigers defeated 34-24 the previous week to clinch home-field advantage for the championship game. After a back and forth battle between the two teams, Memphis quarterback Brady White would connect with Antonio Gibson for a go-ahead touchdown with 1:14 left in the 4th quarter to give Memphis a 29–24 victory over the Bearcats to win the conference championship. Since they were the highest ranked group of 5 team in the final CFP poll, they were awarded a new years' 6 bowl berth to the Cotton Bowl against Penn State. The next day, Norvell left Memphis to become the new head coach at Florida State.
Ryan Silverfield era (2019–present)
On December 8, 2019, hours after Norvell's departure, Memphis offensive line coach and deputy head coach Ryan Silverfield was named as the Tigers' interim head coach for the Cotton Bowl, and on December 13, the school promoted Silverfield to the head coaching position.
Conference affiliations
Independent (1912–1927, 1947–1967, 1973–1995)
Mississippi Valley Conference (1928–1934)
SIAA (1935–1942)
Missouri Valley (1968–1972)
Conference USA (1996–2012)
American Athletic Conference (2013–present)
Championships
Conference championships (8)
† Co-champions
Division championships
† Co-champions
Bowl games
The Memphis Tigers hold a record of 7–8 in bowl games. This includes the 1956 Burley Bowl, which was not an NCAA sanctioned bowl. Memphis went through a 32-year bowl game drought from 1971 to 2003, but has since had a five-year bowl streak (2003–2008) and the current nine-year streak (since 2014). The team made its first appearance in a New Years Six bowl when they were selected to play in the 2019 Cotton Bowl Classic as the highest ranked (AP #15) Group of Five conference champion.
Head coaches
Rivalries
Arkansas State
The series with Arkansas State dates to 1914. Memphis leads 31–24–5 with the last game played on September 17, 2022.
Cincinnati
The series with Cincinnati dates to 1966. Memphis leads 23–14 with the last game played in 2020.
Louisville
The series with Louisville dates to 1948. Louisville leads 24–19 with the last game played in 2013.
Ole Miss
The rivalry with Ole Miss dates to 1921. Ole Miss leads 47–12–2 through the 2019 season.
Southern Miss
The rivalry with Southern Miss dates to 1935. Southern Miss leads 40–22–1 with the last game played in 2012.
Facilities
Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium
Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium, originally Memphis Memorial Stadium is the site of the annual AutoZone Liberty Bowl, and is the home of the Memphis Tigers football team. It has also been the host of several attempts at professional sports in the city, as well as other local football games and other gatherings. The stadium was originally built as Memphis Memorial Stadium in 1965 for $3 million, as a part of the Mid-South Fairgrounds, then home to one of the South's most popular fairs, but now conducted in neighboring Desoto County, Mississippi. The fairgrounds also included the now-defunct Mid-South Coliseum (formerly the city's major indoor venue) as well as the now-closed Libertyland amusement park, which has been demolished and replaced with a disc golf course. It was dedicated as a memorial to the citizens of Memphis who had served in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. The facility was built partially as a way to bring the Liberty Bowl to a permanent home in Memphis (the game had started in Philadelphia, but because of poor attendance as a northern bowl, it left the city, playing one year in Atlantic City before settling in Memphis). The game was such a success for Memphis that the stadium was renamed Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in 1976. As originally built, the stadium was lopsided, with the southwest side being taller than the northeast side. A 1987 expansion brought it to its current, balanced configuration, although with a much greater hospitality building topping the northeast section. Its design is similar to that of old Tampa Stadium ("The Big Sombrero"), with the endzone grandstands being much shorter than the sidelines. The field, which had been natural grass since its inception, was replaced with a FieldTurf surface before the 2005 season; this was subsequently replaced with the modern version of AstroTurf. The stadium is designed in such a way that all of its seats have a relatively good view of most of the playing surface. This is due primarily to two design factors. The stands are relatively steep for a one-tier, true bowl stadium. Also, there is little space between the side and end lines of the playing surface and the stands. In December 1983, the playing field was renamed Rex Dockery Field in honor of Rex Dockery, a former Memphis Tigers football coach who died in a plane crash.
Traditions
The Tiger Walk
About two and a half hours prior to kickoff at home games, Tiger fans line up outside Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium for the "Tiger Walk". The tradition involves the Mighty Sound of the South marching band, thousands of fans and the University of Memphis cheer and pom-pom squads. The coaching staff and team arrive at the stadium and walk into the stadium tunnel with the fans and cheerleaders cheering them on to victory. After the team has passed by, the Tiger cheerleaders lead the fans in the "Tiger Spellout", "T-I-G-E-R-S."
Tiger Lane
"Tiger Lane" refers to the pre-game tailgating spots for Memphis Tigers football fans. It is equipped with electrical hookups at each spot, trees, grassy areas and all pre-game tailgating activities. Tiger Lane stretches all the way from the parking lot of Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium to East Parkway in mid-town Memphis.
School colors
The University of Memphis' official school colors of Blue and Gray were selected in the early 1900s. The colors were chosen in an effort to show unity in a nation that was still recovering from the effects of the Civil War. The student body thought that by picking the colors of the North and the South, the school would show a togetherness among all students.
Retired numbers
Memphis has retired numbers for seven players in their history. Of the seven, Greenhill's is the only one honored posthumously, due to his death in a plane crash that also took the life of head coach Rex Dockery.
Memphis Tigers in the NFL Draft
Memphis Tigers awards and honors
Pro Football Hall of Fame
Isaac Bruce – WR (1992–1993); HoF Class of 2020
College Football Hall of Fame
Allyn McKeen – Head Coach (1937–1938); HoF Class of 1991
Billy Jack "Spook" Murphy – Head Coach (1958–1971); HoF Class of 2022
DeAngelo Williams – RB (2002–2005); HoF Class of 2023
National Coach of the Year
1963 - Billy Jack "Spook" Murphy (Detroit News)
Lou Groza Award
1992 - Joe Allison
Ray Guy Award
2013 - Tom Hornsey
Paul Warfield Trophy
2017 - Anthony Miller
Jim Brown Award
2018 - Darrell Henderson
William V. Campbell Trophy
2020 - Brady White
College Football All-America Team selections
Consensus All-Americans listed in bold
1963 - Charles Brooks, E (FN)
1963 - Harry Schuh, T (NEA-1)
1964 - Harry Schuh, T (AFCA-2, Time)
1969 - David Berrong, DB (AP-3, CP-3)
1971 - Mike Stark, T (AP-3)
1976 - Eric Harris, DB (CFN)
1976 - Bob Rush, C (NEA-2, TSN)
1977 - Keith Simpson, DB (EA-1, TSN)
1992 - Joe Allison, K (Consensus)
2004 - DeAngelo Williams, RB (PFW)
2005 - DeAngelo Williams, RB (AFCA, WCFF)
2013 - Tom Hornsey, P (Consensus)
2015 - Jake Elliott, K (AP-2, USAT, WCFF-2, ESPN)
2017 - Anthony Miller, WR (Consensus)
2017 - Tony Pollard, KR (FWAA, WCFF, CFN, Athlon)
2018 - Darrell Henderson RB (Consensus), KR (TSN)
American Athletic Conference Awards
2013 - Tom Hornsey, P - Special Teams Player of the Year
2014 - Tank Jakes, LB - Defensive Player of the Year
2014 - Jake Elliott, K - Special Teams Player of the Year
2014 - Justin Fuente - Coach of the Year
2015 - Jake Elliott, K - Special Teams Player of the Year
2016 - Tony Pollard, KR - Special Teams Player of the Year
2017 - Tony Pollard, KR - Special Teams Player of the Year
2017 - T.J. Carter, CB - Rookie of the Year
2019 - Antonio Gibson, KR - Special Teams Player of the Year
2019 - Kenneth Gainwell, RB - Rookie of the Year
Future non-conference opponents
Announced schedules as of December 2, 2022.
References
External links
American football teams established in 1912
1912 establishments in Tennessee |
```smalltalk
// ==========================================================================
// Squidex Headless CMS
// ==========================================================================
// ==========================================================================
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Apps;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.ConvertContent;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.ExtractReferenceIds;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Schemas;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Assets.Repositories;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Contents.Repositories;
using Squidex.Infrastructure;
using Squidex.Infrastructure.Json;
using Squidex.Infrastructure.Tasks;
#pragma warning disable MA0073 // Avoid comparison with bool constant
namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Contents.Queries.Steps;
public sealed class ConvertData : IContentEnricherStep
{
private readonly IUrlGenerator urlGenerator;
private readonly IAssetRepository assetRepository;
private readonly IContentRepository contentRepository;
private readonly ExcludeChangedTypes excludeChangedTypes;
public ConvertData(IUrlGenerator urlGenerator, IJsonSerializer serializer,
IAssetRepository assetRepository, IContentRepository contentRepository)
{
this.urlGenerator = urlGenerator;
this.assetRepository = assetRepository;
this.contentRepository = contentRepository;
excludeChangedTypes = new ExcludeChangedTypes(serializer);
}
public async Task EnrichAsync(Context context, IEnumerable<EnrichedContent> contents, ProvideSchema schemas,
CancellationToken ct)
{
// Get the references across all references to reduce number of database calls.
var referenceCleaner = await CleanReferencesAsync(context, contents, schemas, ct);
// Get the fields, because they are the same for all schemas.
var fieldNames = GetFieldNames(context);
foreach (var group in contents.GroupBy(x => x.SchemaId.Id))
{
ct.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
var (schema, components) = await schemas(group.Key);
// Reuse the converter for all contents of this schema.
var converter = GenerateConverter(context, components, schema, fieldNames, referenceCleaner);
foreach (var content in group)
{
content.Data = converter.Convert(content.Data);
}
}
}
private async Task<ValueReferencesConverter?> CleanReferencesAsync(Context context, IEnumerable<EnrichedContent> contents, ProvideSchema schemas,
CancellationToken ct)
{
if (context.NoCleanup())
{
return null;
}
using (Telemetry.Activities.StartActivity("ConvertData/CleanReferencesAsync"))
{
var ids = new HashSet<DomainId>();
foreach (var group in contents.GroupBy(x => x.SchemaId.Id))
{
var (schema, components) = await schemas(group.Key);
foreach (var content in group)
{
content.Data.AddReferencedIds(schema, ids, components);
}
}
if (ids.Count > 0)
{
var (assets, refContents) = await AsyncHelper.WhenAll(
QueryAssetIdsAsync(context, ids, ct),
QueryContentIdsAsync(context, ids, ct));
var foundIds = assets.Union(refContents).ToHashSet();
return new ValueReferencesConverter(foundIds);
}
}
return null;
}
private async Task<IEnumerable<DomainId>> QueryContentIdsAsync(Context context, HashSet<DomainId> ids,
CancellationToken ct)
{
var result = await contentRepository.QueryIdsAsync(context.App, ids, context.Scope(), ct);
return result.Select(x => x.Id);
}
private async Task<IEnumerable<DomainId>> QueryAssetIdsAsync(Context context, HashSet<DomainId> ids,
CancellationToken ct)
{
var result = await assetRepository.QueryIdsAsync(context.App.Id, ids, ct);
return result;
}
private ContentConverter GenerateConverter(Context context, ResolvedComponents components, Schema schema, HashSet<string>? fieldNames, ValueReferencesConverter? cleanReferences)
{
var converter = new ContentConverter(components, schema);
if (!context.IsFrontendClient)
{
converter.Add(ExcludeHidden.Instance);
}
converter.Add(excludeChangedTypes);
if (cleanReferences != null)
{
converter.Add(cleanReferences);
}
converter.Add(new ResolveFromPreviousPartitioning(context.App.Languages));
if (!context.IsFrontendClient && !context.NoDefaults())
{
converter.Add(new AddDefaultValues(context.App.PartitionResolver())
{
IgnoreNonMasterFields = true,
IgnoreRequiredFields = false,
// If field names are given we run the enrichment only on the specified fields.
FieldNames = fieldNames
});
}
converter.Add(
new ResolveLanguages(
context.App.Languages,
context.Languages().ToArray())
{
ResolveFallback = !context.IsFrontendClient && !context.NoResolveLanguages(),
// If field names are given we run the enrichment only on the specified fields.
FieldNames = fieldNames
});
if (!context.IsFrontendClient)
{
var assetUrls = context.ResolveUrls().ToList();
if (assetUrls.Count > 0)
{
converter.Add(new ResolveAssetUrls(context.App.NamedId(), urlGenerator, assetUrls));
}
}
if (!context.IsFrontendClient || context.ResolveSchemaNames())
{
converter.Add(new AddSchemaNames(components));
}
return converter;
}
private static HashSet<string>? GetFieldNames(Context context)
{
var source = context.Fields();
if (source is not { Count: > 0 })
{
return null;
}
var fields = new HashSet<string>();
foreach (var field in source)
{
if (FieldNames.IsDataField(field, out var dataField))
{
fields.Add(dataField);
}
else
{
fields.Add(field);
}
}
return fields.Count == 0 ? null : fields;
}
}
``` |
Tectonics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of geology focusing on tectonics. It is published by the American Geophysical Union in collaboration with the European Geosciences Union.
The journal is edited by John Geissman (University of Texas at Dallas), Laurent Jolivet (Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris), Nathan Niemi (University of Michigan) and Taylor Schildgen (University of Potsdam).
Abtrascting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the following bibliographic databases:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.58.
References
External links
Academic journals established in 1982
English-language journals
Geology journals
American Geophysical Union academic journals
Monthly journals |
```c++
// MallocSizeofChecker.cpp - Check for dubious malloc arguments ---*- C++ -*-=//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
//
// Reports inconsistencies between the casted type of the return value of a
// malloc/calloc/realloc call and the operand of any sizeof expressions
// contained within its argument(s).
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/BuiltinCheckerRegistration.h"
#include "clang/AST/StmtVisitor.h"
#include "clang/AST/TypeLoc.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugReporter.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/AnalysisManager.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
using namespace clang;
using namespace ento;
namespace {
typedef std::pair<const TypeSourceInfo *, const CallExpr *> TypeCallPair;
typedef llvm::PointerUnion<const Stmt *, const VarDecl *> ExprParent;
class CastedAllocFinder
: public ConstStmtVisitor<CastedAllocFinder, TypeCallPair> {
IdentifierInfo *II_malloc, *II_calloc, *II_realloc;
public:
struct CallRecord {
ExprParent CastedExprParent;
const Expr *CastedExpr;
const TypeSourceInfo *ExplicitCastType;
const CallExpr *AllocCall;
CallRecord(ExprParent CastedExprParent, const Expr *CastedExpr,
const TypeSourceInfo *ExplicitCastType,
const CallExpr *AllocCall)
: CastedExprParent(CastedExprParent), CastedExpr(CastedExpr),
ExplicitCastType(ExplicitCastType), AllocCall(AllocCall) {}
};
typedef std::vector<CallRecord> CallVec;
CallVec Calls;
CastedAllocFinder(ASTContext *Ctx) :
II_malloc(&Ctx->Idents.get("malloc")),
II_calloc(&Ctx->Idents.get("calloc")),
II_realloc(&Ctx->Idents.get("realloc")) {}
void VisitChild(ExprParent Parent, const Stmt *S) {
TypeCallPair AllocCall = Visit(S);
if (AllocCall.second && AllocCall.second != S)
Calls.push_back(CallRecord(Parent, cast<Expr>(S), AllocCall.first,
AllocCall.second));
}
void VisitChildren(const Stmt *S) {
for (const Stmt *Child : S->children())
if (Child)
VisitChild(S, Child);
}
TypeCallPair VisitCastExpr(const CastExpr *E) {
return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
}
TypeCallPair VisitExplicitCastExpr(const ExplicitCastExpr *E) {
return TypeCallPair(E->getTypeInfoAsWritten(),
Visit(E->getSubExpr()).second);
}
TypeCallPair VisitParenExpr(const ParenExpr *E) {
return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
}
TypeCallPair VisitStmt(const Stmt *S) {
VisitChildren(S);
return TypeCallPair();
}
TypeCallPair VisitCallExpr(const CallExpr *E) {
VisitChildren(E);
const FunctionDecl *FD = E->getDirectCallee();
if (FD) {
IdentifierInfo *II = FD->getIdentifier();
if (II == II_malloc || II == II_calloc || II == II_realloc)
return TypeCallPair((const TypeSourceInfo *)nullptr, E);
}
return TypeCallPair();
}
TypeCallPair VisitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt *S) {
for (const auto *I : S->decls())
if (const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(I))
if (const Expr *Init = VD->getInit())
VisitChild(VD, Init);
return TypeCallPair();
}
};
class SizeofFinder : public ConstStmtVisitor<SizeofFinder> {
public:
std::vector<const UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr *> Sizeofs;
void VisitBinMul(const BinaryOperator *E) {
Visit(E->getLHS());
Visit(E->getRHS());
}
void VisitImplicitCastExpr(const ImplicitCastExpr *E) {
return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
}
void VisitParenExpr(const ParenExpr *E) {
return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
}
void VisitUnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr(const UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr *E) {
if (E->getKind() != UETT_SizeOf)
return;
Sizeofs.push_back(E);
}
};
// Determine if the pointee and sizeof types are compatible. Here
// we ignore constness of pointer types.
static bool typesCompatible(ASTContext &C, QualType A, QualType B) {
// sizeof(void*) is compatible with any other pointer.
if (B->isVoidPointerType() && A->getAs<PointerType>())
return true;
// sizeof(pointer type) is compatible with void*
if (A->isVoidPointerType() && B->getAs<PointerType>())
return true;
while (true) {
A = A.getCanonicalType();
B = B.getCanonicalType();
if (A.getTypePtr() == B.getTypePtr())
return true;
if (const PointerType *ptrA = A->getAs<PointerType>())
if (const PointerType *ptrB = B->getAs<PointerType>()) {
A = ptrA->getPointeeType();
B = ptrB->getPointeeType();
continue;
}
break;
}
return false;
}
static bool compatibleWithArrayType(ASTContext &C, QualType PT, QualType T) {
// Ex: 'int a[10][2]' is compatible with 'int', 'int[2]', 'int[10][2]'.
while (const ArrayType *AT = T->getAsArrayTypeUnsafe()) {
QualType ElemType = AT->getElementType();
if (typesCompatible(C, PT, AT->getElementType()))
return true;
T = ElemType;
}
return false;
}
class MallocSizeofChecker : public Checker<check::ASTCodeBody> {
public:
void checkASTCodeBody(const Decl *D, AnalysisManager& mgr,
BugReporter &BR) const {
AnalysisDeclContext *ADC = mgr.getAnalysisDeclContext(D);
CastedAllocFinder Finder(&BR.getContext());
Finder.Visit(D->getBody());
for (CastedAllocFinder::CallVec::iterator i = Finder.Calls.begin(),
e = Finder.Calls.end(); i != e; ++i) {
QualType CastedType = i->CastedExpr->getType();
if (!CastedType->isPointerType())
continue;
QualType PointeeType = CastedType->getPointeeType();
if (PointeeType->isVoidType())
continue;
for (CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ai = i->AllocCall->arg_begin(),
ae = i->AllocCall->arg_end(); ai != ae; ++ai) {
if (!(*ai)->getType()->isIntegralOrUnscopedEnumerationType())
continue;
SizeofFinder SFinder;
SFinder.Visit(*ai);
if (SFinder.Sizeofs.size() != 1)
continue;
QualType SizeofType = SFinder.Sizeofs[0]->getTypeOfArgument();
if (typesCompatible(BR.getContext(), PointeeType, SizeofType))
continue;
// If the argument to sizeof is an array, the result could be a
// pointer to any array element.
if (compatibleWithArrayType(BR.getContext(), PointeeType, SizeofType))
continue;
const TypeSourceInfo *TSI = nullptr;
if (i->CastedExprParent.is<const VarDecl *>()) {
TSI =
i->CastedExprParent.get<const VarDecl *>()->getTypeSourceInfo();
} else {
TSI = i->ExplicitCastType;
}
SmallString<64> buf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream OS(buf);
OS << "Result of ";
const FunctionDecl *Callee = i->AllocCall->getDirectCallee();
if (Callee && Callee->getIdentifier())
OS << '\'' << Callee->getIdentifier()->getName() << '\'';
else
OS << "call";
OS << " is converted to a pointer of type '" << PointeeType
<< "', which is incompatible with "
<< "sizeof operand type '" << SizeofType << "'";
SmallVector<SourceRange, 4> Ranges;
Ranges.push_back(i->AllocCall->getCallee()->getSourceRange());
Ranges.push_back(SFinder.Sizeofs[0]->getSourceRange());
if (TSI)
Ranges.push_back(TSI->getTypeLoc().getSourceRange());
PathDiagnosticLocation L =
PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(i->AllocCall->getCallee(),
BR.getSourceManager(), ADC);
BR.EmitBasicReport(D, this, "Allocator sizeof operand mismatch",
categories::UnixAPI, OS.str(), L, Ranges);
}
}
}
};
}
void ento::registerMallocSizeofChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) {
mgr.registerChecker<MallocSizeofChecker>();
}
bool ento::shouldRegisterMallocSizeofChecker(const CheckerManager &mgr) {
return true;
}
``` |
Cutter & Buck (formerly ) is a manufacturer of upscale clothing for golf and other sports. Founded in 1990, the company went public in 1995 and was sold to New Wave Group AB, a Swedish-based corporation, on April 13, 2007.
The company sells its products primarily in the golf and corporate clothing markets in over twenty-five countries around the world, and has been recognized for its sponsorship of Swedish golfer Annika Sörenstam. It also sells into the collegiate clothing market and in 2005, commenced a consumer-direct catalogue and e-commerce site. In the mid-nineties, Cutter & Buck became a founding member of the SA 8000 Social Accountability Platform, which holds its members to a code of conduct in outsourced manufacturing and domestic operations.
Originally founded by Harvey Jones and Joey Rodolfo, Cutter & Buck's headquarters are now at 101 Elliott Avenue West in the Lower Queen Anne neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. From April 2, 2014, until present, Cutter & Buck's CEO is Joel Freet.
Wire Fraud
In 2003, Cutter & Buck's former CFO, Stephen S. Lowber, pleaded guilty to felony wire fraud relating to lying about the company's revenue in 2000. The Cutter & Buck corporation paid no fines for these misstatements; however, it did agree with the SEC to stronger accounting practices.
Notes
External links
Cutter & Buck Corporate Apparel
Manufacturing companies based in Seattle
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq |
Mississippi Freelance was a liberal monthly newspaper, with the stated mission of "reporting the otherwise unreported." The paper was edited by Lew Powell and Ed Williams, who were working at the time as reporters for the Greenville, Mississippi Delta Democrat Times (under editor Hodding Carter III) and articles were written by volunteer reporters.
History
Editors Powell and Williams explicitly chose not to make Mississippi Freelance an underground publication. In 1969, Powell told a reporter for The Delta Review:
Undergrounds are largely ineffective in changing the political situation because they're so far removed from it. We want Mississippi Freelance to analyze the system, not ignore it... I hope to have a sizable Establishment readership that's concerned with how their tax money is being spent and so forth. You can seek exposes without having to be liberal, conservative, or without touting any other cause. And there's idiocy in government that needs exposing no matter what your political stripe.
The name of the newspaper was chosen to parody an old newspaper, the Mississippi Free Lance, which had been published by former Mississippi governor and U.S. Senator Theodore G. Bilbo, an ardent white supremacist. The Freelance criticized racism and ineptitude in Mississippi politicians, universities, and particularly the state's Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission.
At the time of the paper's founding, Powell and Williams shared a rental house on Washington Avenue in Greenville, which also served as the business and editorial offices for Mississippi Freelance.
Williams told the Delta Review:
As a journalist, I see stories all the time that are just crying to be written. I want a chance to write them, to spend time on them, if necessary.
Powell correctly predicted the longevity of Mississippi Freelance in that interview:
I have some money saved, and I'm single. This is the only time I'll be able to try something like this. We won't expect this thing to go over financially. We'll probably print 12 issues and shut down.
Mississippi Freelance was published from April 1969 to March 1970, with a twelve-issue run and about 700 subscribers in Mississippi and elsewhere. Its first issue in April 1969 included an interview with New York congressman Allard Lowenstein; a humor piece by Williams pointing out that "many of the men on top of Mississippi's power heap" were former cheerleaders; and an exclusive interview by Powell with an officer in the Memphis Invaders, an African American militant group. Four thousand copies of this first issue were mailed to legislators, lawyers, and people on mailing lists prepared by friends.
After the second issue, which included a "provocative piece on Mississippi hippies," Powell left the Delta Democrat Times to focus full-time on Mississippi Freelance.
Mississippi Freelance ceased publication in March 1970.
Curtis Wilkie was the paper's Washington bureau chief.
On October 11, 2016, Mississippi Freelance editors Lew Powell and Ed Williams spoke about the publication at the University of Mississippi in the Meek School of Journalism and New Media.
References
External links
Finding aid for the records of Mississippi Freelance
Newspapers published in Mississippi
Monthly newspapers |
Harvey Phillip Spector (December 26, 1939 – January 16, 2021) was an American record producer and songwriter, best known for his innovative recording practices and entrepreneurship in the 1960s, followed decades later by his two trials and conviction for murder in the 2000s. Spector developed the Wall of Sound, a production style that is characterized for its diffusion of tone colors and dense orchestral sound, which he described as a "Wagnerian" approach to rock and roll. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in pop music history and one of the most successful producers of the 1960s.
Born in the Bronx, Spector moved to Los Angeles as a teenager and began his career in 1958 as a founding member of The Teddy Bears, for whom he penned "To Know Him Is to Love Him", a U.S. number-one hit. In 1960, after working as an apprentice to Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, Spector co-founded Philles Records, and at the age of 21 became the youngest-ever U.S. label owner at the time. Dubbed the "First Tycoon of Teen", Spector came to be considered the first auteur of the music industry for the unprecedented control he had over every phase of the recording process. He produced acts such as The Ronettes, The Crystals, and Ike & Tina Turner, and typically collaborated with arranger Jack Nitzsche and engineer Larry Levine. The musicians from his de facto house band, later known as "The Wrecking Crew", rose to industry fame through his hit records.
In the early 1970s, Spector produced the Beatles' Let It Be and several solo records by John Lennon and George Harrison. By the mid-1970s Spector had produced eighteen U.S. Top 10 singles for various artists. His chart-toppers included the Righteous Brothers' "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'", the Beatles' "The Long and Winding Road", and Harrison's "My Sweet Lord". Spector helped establish the role of the studio as an instrument, the integration of pop art aesthetics into music (art pop), and the genres of art rock and dream pop. His honors include the 1973 Grammy Award for Album of the Year for co-producing Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh, a 1989 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and a 1997 induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2004, Spector was ranked number 63 on Rolling Stones list of the greatest artists in history.
Following one-off productions for Leonard Cohen (Death of a Ladies' Man), Dion DiMucci (Born to Be with You), and the Ramones (End of the Century), from the 1980's on Spector remained largely inactive amid a lifestyle of seclusion, drug use, and increasingly erratic behavior. In 2009, after two decades in semi-retirement, he was convicted of the 2003 murder of actress Lana Clarkson and sentenced to 19 years to life in prison, where he died in 2021.
Biography
1939–1959: Background and the Teddy Bears
Harvey Spector was born on December 26, 1939. He later added a second "l" to his middle name, which he preferred over "Harvey". His parents were Benjamin (1903–1949) and Bertha (1911–1995) Spector, a first-generation immigrant Russian-Jewish family in the Bronx, New York City. Bertha had been born in France to Russian migrants George and Clara Spektor, who brought her to America in 1911 aged 9 months, while Benjamin was born as Baruch (later changed to Benjamin) in the Russian Empire to George and Bessie Spektus or Spektres, and brought to America by his parents in 1913 aged 10. Both families anglicized their last names to "Spector" on their naturalization papers, both of which were witnessed by the same man, Isidore Spector. The similarities in name and background of the grandfathers led Spector to believe that his parents were first cousins. He had a sister named Shirley, who was six years his senior; she died in 2004 in Hemet, California, at the age of 70.
In April 1949, Spector's father, who was deeply in debt, committed suicide; on his gravestone were inscribed the words "Ben Spector. Father. Husband. To Know Him Was To Love Him". In 1953, Spector's mother moved the family to Los Angeles where she found work as a seamstress. Spector attended John Burroughs Junior High School (now John Burroughs Middle School) on Wilshire Boulevard, then in 1954 attended Fairfax High School. Having learned to play guitar, Spector performed "Rock Island Line" in a talent show at Fairfax High. He joined a loose-knit community of aspiring musicians, including Lou Adler, Bruce Johnston, Steve Douglas, and Sandy Nelson. Spector formed a group, the Teddy Bears, with Nelson and three other friends, Marshall Leib, Harvey Goldstein and Annette Kleinbard.
During this period, record producer Stan Ross—co-owner of Gold Star Studios in Hollywood—began to tutor Spector in record production and exerted a major influence on Spector's production style. In 1958, the Teddy Bears recorded the Spector-penned "Don't You Worry My Little Pet", and then signed a two to three singles recording deal with Era Records, with the promise of more if the singles did well.
At their next session, they recorded another song Spector had written—this one inspired by the epitaph on Spector's father's tombstone. Released on Era's subsidiary label, Dore Records, "To Know Him Is to Love Him" reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 singles chart on December 1, 1958, selling over a million copies by year's end. Following the success of their debut, the group signed with Imperial Records. Their next single, "I Don't Need You Anymore", reached number 91. They released several more recordings, including an album, The Teddy Bears Sing!, but failed to reach the top 100 in US sales. The group disbanded in 1959.
1959–1962: Early production work, Philles Records, and the Crystals
While recording the Teddy Bears' album, Spector met Lester Sill, a former promotion man who was a mentor to Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. Sill and his partner, Lee Hazlewood supported Spector's next project, the Spectors Three. In 1960, Sill arranged for Spector to work as an apprentice to Leiber and Stoller in New York. Spector co-wrote the Ben E. King Top 10 hit "Spanish Harlem" with Leiber and also worked as a session musician, playing the guitar solo on the Drifters' song "On Broadway".
Spector's first true recording artist and project as producer was Ronnie Crawford. Spector's production work during this time included releases by LaVern Baker, Ruth Brown, and Billy Storm, as well as the Top Notes' original recording of "Twist and Shout". Leiber and Stoller recommended Spector to produce Ray Peterson's "Corrine, Corrina", which reached number 9 in January 1961. Later, he produced another major hit for Curtis Lee, "Pretty Little Angel Eyes", which made it to number 7. Returning to Hollywood, Spector agreed to produce one of Sill's acts. After both Liberty Records and Capitol Records turned down the master of "Be My Boy" by the Paris Sisters, Sill formed a new label, Gregmark Records, with Lee Hazlewood, and released it. It reached only number 56, but the follow-up, "I Love How You Love Me", was a hit, reaching number 5.
In late 1961, Spector formed a record company with Sill, who by this time had ended his business partnership with Hazlewood. Philles Records combined the first names of its two founders. Through Hill and Range Publishers, Spector found three groups he wanted to produce: the Ducanes, the Creations, and the Crystals. The first two signed with other companies, but Spector managed to secure the Crystals for his new label. Their first single, "There's No Other (Like My Baby)" was a success, hitting number 20. Their next release, "Uptown", made it to number 13.
Spector continued to work freelance with other artists. In 1962, he produced "Second Hand Love" by Connie Francis, which reached No. 7. Ahmet Ertegun of Atlantic paired Spector with future Broadway star Jean DuShon for "Talk to Me", the B-side of which was "Tired of Trying", written by DuShon.
1962–1965: Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans, the Ronettes, and the Righteous Brothers
In 1962, Spector briefly took a job as an A&R producer for Liberty Records. It was while working at Liberty that he heard a song written by Gene Pitney, for whom he had produced a number 41 hit, "Every Breath I Take", a year earlier. "He's a Rebel" was due to be released on Liberty by Vikki Carr, but Spector rushed into Gold Star Studios and recorded a cover version using Darlene Love and the Blossoms on lead vocals. The record was released on Philles, attributed to the Crystals, and quickly rose to the top of the charts.
By the time "He's a Rebel" went to number 1, Lester Sill was out of the company, and Spector had Philles all to himself. He created a new act, Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans, featuring Darlene Love, Fanita James (a member of the Blossoms), and Bobby Sheen, a singer he had worked with at Liberty. The group had hits with "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" (number 8), "Why Do Lovers Break Each Other's Heart" (number 38), and "Not Too Young to Get Married" (number 63). Spector also released solo material by Darlene Love in 1963. In the same year, he released "Be My Baby" by the Ronettes, which went to number 2.
The first time Spector put the same amount of effort into an LP as he did into 45s was when he utilized the full Philles roster and the Wrecking Crew to make what he felt would become a hit for the 1963 Christmas season. A Christmas Gift for You from Philles Records was released a few days after the assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963.
On September 28, 1963, the Ronettes appeared at the Cow Palace, near San Francisco. Also on the bill were the Righteous Brothers. Spector, who was conducting the band for all the acts, was so impressed with Bill Medley and Bobby Hatfield that he bought their contract from Moonglow Records and signed them to Philles. In early 1965, "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" became the label's second number 1 single. Three more major hits with the duo followed: "Just Once in My Life" (number 9), "Unchained Melody" (number 4, originally the B-side of "Hung on You"), and "Ebb Tide" (number 5). Despite having hits, he lost interest in producing the Righteous Brothers and sold their contract and all their master recordings to Verve Records. However, the sound of the Righteous Brothers' singles was so distinctive that the act chose to replicate it after leaving Spector, notching a second number 1 hit in 1966 with the Bill Medley–produced "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration".
During this period, Spector formed another subsidiary label, Phi-Dan Records, partly created to keep promoter Danny Davis occupied. The label released singles by artists including Betty Willis, the Lovelites, and the Ikettes. None of the recordings on Phi-Dan were produced by Spector.
The recording of "Unchained Melody", credited on some releases as a Spector production although Medley has consistently said he produced it originally as an album track, had a second wave of popularity 25 years after its initial release, when it was featured prominently in the 1990 hit movie Ghost. A re-release of the single re-charted on the Billboard Hot 100, and went to number one on the Adult Contemporary charts. This also put Spector back on the U.S. Top 40 charts for the first time since his last appearance in 1971 with John Lennon's "Imagine", though he did have UK top 40 hits in the interim with the Ramones.
1966–1969: Ike & Tina Turner and hiatus
Spector's final signing to Philles was the husband-and-wife team of Ike & Tina Turner in April 1966. Spector considered their single "River Deep – Mountain High" his best work, but it failed to reach any higher than number 88 in the United States. The record, which actually featured Tina Turner without Ike Turner, was successful in Britain, reaching number 3.
Spector released another single by Ike & Tina Turner, "I'll Never Need More Than This", while negotiating a deal to move Philles to A&M Records in 1967. The deal did not materialize, and Spector subsequently lost enthusiasm for his label and the recording industry. Already something of a recluse, he withdrew temporarily from the public eye, marrying Veronica "Ronnie" Bennett, lead singer of the Ronettes, in 1968. Spector emerged briefly for a cameo as himself in an episode of I Dream of Jeannie (1967) and as a drug dealer in the film Easy Rider (1969).
In 1969, Spector made a brief return to the music business by signing a production deal with A&M Records. A Ronettes single, "You Came, You Saw, You Conquered" flopped, but Spector returned to the Hot 100 with "Black Pearl", by Sonny Charles and the Checkmates, Ltd., which reached number 13.
1970–1973: Comeback and Beatles collaborations
In early 1970, Allen Klein, the new manager of the Beatles, brought Spector to England. After impressing with his production of John Lennon's solo single "Instant Karma!", which went to number 3, Spector was invited by Lennon and George Harrison to take on the task of turning the Beatles' abandoned Let It Be recording sessions into a usable album. He went to work using many of his production techniques, making significant changes to the arrangements and sound of some songs. Released a month after the Beatles' break-up, the album topped the U.S. and UK charts. It also yielded the number 1 U.S. single "The Long and Winding Road". Spector's overdubbing of "The Long and Winding Road" infuriated its composer, Paul McCartney. Several music critics also maligned Spector's work on Let It Be; he later attributed this partly to resentment that an American producer appeared to be "taking over" such a popular English band. Lennon defended Spector, telling Jann Wenner of Rolling Stone: "he was given the shittiest load of badly recorded shit, with a lousy feeling toward it, ever. And he made something out of it. He did a great job."
For Harrison's multiplatinum album All Things Must Pass (number 1, 1970), Spector helped provide a symphonic ambience, although his health issues meant that after recording the basic tracks, he was absent from the project until the mixing stage. Rolling Stones reviewer lauded the album's sound, calling it "Wagnerian, Brucknerian, the music of mountain tops and vast horizons". The triple LP yielded two major hits: "My Sweet Lord" (number 1) and "What Is Life" (number 10). That same year, Spector co-produced Lennon's Plastic Ono Band (number 6), a stark-sounding album devoid of any Wall of Sound extravagance. Through Harrison, he also produced the debut single by Derek and the Dominos, "Tell the Truth", but the band disliked the sound and had the record withdrawn.
Spector was made head of A&R for Apple Records. He held the post for only a year, during which he co-produced Lennon's 1971 single "Power to the People" (number 11) and his chart-topping album Imagine. The album's title track hit number 3. With Harrison, Spector co-produced Harrison's "Bangla Desh" (number 23)—rock's first charity single—and wife Ronnie Spector's "Try Some, Buy Some" (number 77). The latter was recorded for Ronnie's intended solo album on Apple Records, a project that stalled due to the same erratic, alcohol-fueled behavior from Spector that had hindered work on All Things Must Pass. Spector was convinced that the Harrison-written single would be a major hit, and its poor commercial performance was one of the biggest disappointments of his career.
That same year Spector oversaw the live recording of the Harrison-organized Concert for Bangladesh shows in New York City, which resulted in the number 1 triple album The Concert for Bangladesh. The album won the "Album of the Year" award at the 1973 Grammys. Despite being recorded live, Spector used up to 44 microphones simultaneously to create his trademark Wall of Sound. Following Harrison's death in 2001, Spector said that the most creative period of his career was when he worked with Lennon and Harrison in the early 1970s, and he believed that this was true of Lennon and Harrison also, despite their achievements with the Beatles.
Lennon retained Spector for the 1971 Christmas single "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" and the poorly reviewed 1972 album Some Time in New York City (number 48), both collaborations with Yoko Ono. In late 1972, Apple reissued Spector's A Christmas Gift for You from Philles Records (as Phil Spector's Christmas Album), bringing the recordings the commercial success and critical recognition that had originally eluded the 1963 release. Lennon and Ono's "Happy Xmas" single similarly stalled in sales upon its initial release, but later became a fixture on radio station playlists around Christmas.
Harrison and Spector started work on Harrison's Living in the Material World album in October 1972, but Spector's unreliability soon led to Harrison dismissing him from the project. Harrison recalled having to climb down into Spector's central London hotel room from the roof to get him to attend the sessions, and that his co-producer would then need "eighteen cherry brandies before he could get himself down to the studio".
In late 1973, Spector produced the initial recording sessions for what became Lennon's 1975 covers album Rock 'n' Roll (number 6). The sessions were held in Los Angeles, with Lennon allowing Spector free rein as producer for the first time, but were characterized by substance abuse and chaotic arrangements. Amid the party atmosphere, Spector brandished his handguns and at one point fired a shot while Lennon was recording. In December, Lennon and Spector abandoned the collaboration. Since the studio time had been booked by his production company, Spector withheld the tapes until June the following year, when Lennon reimbursed him through Capitol Records.
1974–1980: Near-fatal accident, Warner-Spector Records, Leonard Cohen, and the Ramones
As the 1970s progressed, Spector became increasingly reclusive. The most probable and significant reason for his withdrawal, according to biographer Dave Thompson, was that in 1974 he was seriously injured when he was thrown through the windshield of his car in a crash in Hollywood. Spector was almost killed, and it was only because the attending police officer detected a faint pulse that Spector was not declared dead at the scene. He was admitted to the UCLA Medical Center on the night of March 31, suffering serious head injuries that required several hours of surgery, with over 300 stitches to his face and more than 400 to the back of his head. His head injuries, Thompson suggests, were the reason that Spector began his habit of wearing outlandish wigs in later years.
He established the Warner-Spector label with Warner Bros. Records, which undertook new Spector-produced recordings with Cher, Darlene Love, Danny Potter, and Jerri Bo Keno, in addition to several reissues. A similar relationship with Britain's Polydor Records led to the formation of the Phil Spector International label in 1975. When the Cher and Keno singles (the latter's recordings were only issued in Germany) foundered on the charts, Spector released Dion DiMucci's Born to Be with You to little commercial fanfare in 1975; largely produced and recorded by Spector in 1974, it was subsequently disowned by the singer. In the 1990s and 2000s, the album enjoyed a resurgence among the indie rock cognoscenti. The majority of Spector's classic Philles recordings had been out of print in the U.S. since the original label's demise, although Spector had released several Philles Records compilations in Britain. Finally, he released an American compilation of his Philles recordings in 1977, which put most of the better-known Spector hits back into circulation after many years.
Spector began to reemerge later in the decade, producing and co-writing a controversial 1977 album by Leonard Cohen, titled Death of a Ladies' Man. This angered many devout Cohen fans who preferred his stark acoustic sound to the orchestral and choral wall of sound that the album contains. The recording was fraught with difficulty. After Cohen had laid down practice vocal tracks, Spector mixed the album in studio sessions, rather than allowing Cohen to take a role in the mixing, as Cohen had previously done. Cohen remarked that the result is "grotesque", but also "semi-virtuous"—for many years, he included a reworked version of the track "Memories" in live concerts. Bob Dylan and Allen Ginsberg also participated in the background vocals on "Don't Go Home with Your Hard-On".
Spector also produced the much-publicized Ramones album End of the Century in 1979. As with his work with Leonard Cohen, End of the Century received criticism from Ramones fans who were angered over its radio-friendly sound. However, it contains some of the best known and most successful Ramones singles, such as "Rock 'n' Roll High School", "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?", and their cover of a previously released Spector song for the Ronettes, "Baby, I Love You". Guitarist Johnny Ramone later commented on working with Spector on the recording of the album, "It really worked when he got to a slower song like "Danny Says"—the production really worked tremendously. For the harder stuff, it didn't work as well."
Rumors circulated for years that Spector had threatened members of the Ramones with a gun during the sessions. Dee Dee Ramone claimed that Spector once pulled a gun on him when he tried to leave a session. Drummer Marky Ramone recalled in 2008, "They [guns] were there but he had a license to carry. He never held us hostage. We could have left at any time."
1981–2003: Inactivity
Spector remained inactive throughout most of the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s. In early 1981, shortly after the death of John Lennon, he temporarily re-emerged to co-produce Yoko Ono's Season of Glass.
In 1989, Tina Turner inducted Spector into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a non-performer. Rolling Stone reported, "Spector hit the stage bopping madly to the strains of the Ronettes' "Be My Baby", flanked by three beefy bodyguards who practically elbowed Tina out of the way. He mumbled a few incoherent words about George H. W. Bush and the presidential inauguration, and then his bodyguards carried him away again." He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1997 and he received the Grammy Trustees Award in 2000.
In 1994, Spector wrote a letter to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's nominating committee to oppose the Ronettes being considered for induction. He argued that the group was not a proper recording act and did not contribute enough to music to merit an induction. The Ronettes were eventually inducted into the Hall, but not until 2007.
He attempted to work with Céline Dion on her album Falling into You but fell out with her production team. His last released project was Silence Is Easy by Starsailor, in 2003. He was originally supposed to produce the entire album, but was fired owing to personal and creative differences. One of the two Spector-produced songs on the album, the title track, was a UK top 10 single (the other single being "White Dove").
2003–2021: Clarkson murder and imprisonment
On February 3, 2003, Spector shot actress Lana Clarkson in the mouth while in his mansion (the Pyrenees Castle) in Alhambra, California. Her body was found slumped in a chair with a single gunshot wound to her mouth. Spector told Esquire in July 2003 that Clarkson's death was an "accidental suicide" and that she "kissed the gun". The emergency call from Spector's home, made by Spector's driver, Adriano de Souza, quotes Spector as saying, "I think I killed somebody." De Souza added that he saw Spector come out of the back door of the house with a gun in his hand.
Spector remained free on $1 million bail while awaiting trial. In the meantime, Spector produced singer-songwriter Hargo Khalsa's track (known professionally as Hargo) "Crying for John Lennon", which originally appears on Hargo's 2006 album In Your Eyes. On a visit to Spector's mansion for an interview for the Lennon tribute film Strawberry Fields, Hargo played Spector the song and asked him to produce it.
On March 19, 2007, Spector's murder trial began. Presiding Judge Larry Paul Fidler allowed the proceedings in Los Angeles Superior Court to be televised. On September 26, Fidler declared a mistrial because of a hung jury (ten to two for conviction).
Released in December 2007, the song "B Boy Baby" by Mutya Buena and Amy Winehouse featured melodic and lyrical passages heavily influenced by "Be My Baby". As a result, Spector was given a songwriting credit on the single. The sections from "Be My Baby" were sung by Winehouse, not sampled from the mono single. Winehouse referenced her admiration of Spector's work and often performed Spector's first hit song, "To Know Him Is to Love Him". That same month, Spector attended the funeral of Ike Turner. In his eulogy, Spector criticized Tina Turner's autobiography—and its subsequent promotion by Oprah Winfrey—as a "badly written" book that "demonized and vilified Ike". Spector commented that "Ike made Tina the jewel she was. When I went to see Ike play at the Cinegrill in the '90s ... there were at least five Tina Turners on the stage performing that night, and any one of them could have been the real Tina Turner."
In mid-April 2008, BBC Two broadcast a special titled Phil Spector: The Agony and the Ecstasy, by Vikram Jayanti. It consists of Spector's first screen interview—breaking a long period of media silence. During the conversation, images from the murder court case are juxtaposed with live appearances of his tracks on television programs from the 1960s and 1970s, along with subtitles giving critical interpretations of some of his song production values. While he does not directly try to clear his name, the court case proceedings shown try to give further explanation of the facts surrounding the murder charges leveled against him. He also speaks about the musical instincts that led him to create some of his most enduring hit records, from "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" to "River Deep, Mountain High", as well as Let It Be, along with criticisms he feels he has had to deal with throughout his life.
The retrial of Spector for murder in the second degree began on October 20, 2008, with Judge Fidler again presiding; the retrial was not televised. Spector was once again represented by attorney Jennifer Lee Barringer. The case went to the jury on March 26, 2009, and 18 days later, on April 13, the jury returned a guilty verdict. Additionally, Spector was found guilty of using a firearm in the commission of a crime, which added four years to the sentence. He was immediately taken into custody and, on May 29, 2009, was sentenced to 19 years to life in the California state prison system. Various attempted appeals were unsuccessful, in 2011, 2012, and 2016.
Musicianship
Spector's early musical influences included Latin music in general, and Latin percussion in particular. This is perceptible in many if not all of Spector's recordings, from the percussion in many of his hit songs: shakers, güiros (gourds), and maracas in "Be My Baby" and the son montuno in "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" (heard clearly in the song's bridge, played by session bassist Carol Kaye, while the same repeating refrain is played on harpsichord by Larry Knechtel).
Spector's trademark during his recording career was the so-called Wall of Sound, a production technique yielding a dense, layered effect that reproduced well on AM radio and jukeboxes. To attain this signature sound, Spector gathered large groups of musicians (playing some instruments not generally used for ensemble playing, such as electric and acoustic guitars) playing orchestrated parts—often doubling and tripling many instruments playing in unison—for a fuller sound. Spector himself called his technique "a Wagnerian approach to rock & roll: little symphonies for the kids".
Spector directed the overall sound of his recordings, using a core group that became known as the Wrecking Crew, including session players such as Hal Blaine, Larry Knechtel, Steve Douglas, Carol Kaye, Roy Caton, Glen Campbell, and Leon Russell. He delegated arrangements to Jack Nitzsche and had Sonny Bono oversee the performances, viewing these two as his "lieutenants". Spector frequently used songs from songwriters employed at the Brill Building (Trio Music) and at 1650 Broadway (Aldon Music), such as the teams of Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry, Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, and Gerry Goffin and Carole King. He often worked with the songwriters, receiving co-credit and publishing royalties for compositions.
Despite the trend towards multichannel recording, Spector was vehemently opposed to stereo releases, saying that it took control of the record's sound away from the producer in favor of the listener. Sometimes a pair of strings or horns would be double-tracked multiple times to sound like an entire string or horn section. But in the final product the background sometimes could not be distinguished as either horns or strings. Spector also greatly preferred singles to albums, describing LPs as "two hits and ten pieces of junk", reflecting both his commercial methods and those of many other producers at the time.
Legacy and influence
According to guitarist Stevie Van Zandt of the E Street Band, Spector was a "genius irredeemably conflicted". On Twitter, he wrote: "[Spector] was the ultimate example of the art always being better than the artist... [He] made some of the greatest records in history based on the salvation of love while remaining incapable of giving or receiving love his whole life."
Spector is often called the first auteur among musical artists for acting not only as a producer, but also the creative director, writing or choosing the material, supervising the arrangements, conducting the vocalists and session musicians, and masterminding all phases of the recording process. He helped pave the way for art rock, and helped inspire the emergence of aesthetically oriented genres such as shoegaze and noise music. PopMatters editor John Bergstrom credits the start of dream pop to Spector's collaboration with George Harrison on All Things Must Pass.
His influence has been claimed by performers such as the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Velvet Underground alongside latter-day record producers such as Brian Eno and Tony Visconti. Alternative rock performers Cocteau Twins, My Bloody Valentine, and the Jesus and Mary Chain have all cited Spector as an influence. Shoegaze, a British musical movement in the late 1980s to mid-1990s, was heavily influenced by the Wall of Sound. Jason Pierce of Spiritualized has cited Spector as a major influence on his Let It Come Down album. Bobby Gillespie of Primal Scream and the Jesus and Mary Chain has enthused about Spector, with the song "Just Like Honey" opening with an homage of the famous "Be My Baby" drum intro.
Many have tried to emulate Spector's methods, and Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys—a fellow adherent of mono recording—considered Spector his main competition as a studio artist. In the 1960s, Wilson thought of Spector as "the single most influential producer. He's timeless. He makes a milestone whenever he goes into the studio." Wilson's fascination with Spector's work has persisted for decades, with many different references to Spector and his work scattered around Wilson's songs with the Beach Boys and even his solo career. Of Spector-related productions, Wilson has been involved with covers of "Be My Baby", "Chapel of Love", "Just Once in My Life", "There's No Other (Like My Baby)", "Then He Kissed Me", "Talk to Me", "Why Don't They Let Us Fall in Love", "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'", "Da Doo Ron Ron", "I Can Hear Music", and "This Could Be the Night".
Johnny Franz's mid-1960s productions for Dusty Springfield and the Walker Brothers also employed a layered, symphonic "Wall of Sound" arrangement-and-recording style, heavily influenced by the Spector sound. Another example is the Forum, a studio project of Les Baxter, which produced a minor hit in 1967 with "The River Is Wide". Sonny Bono, a former associate of Spector's, developed a jangly, guitar-laden variation on the Spector sound, which is heard mainly in mid-1960s productions for his then-wife Cher, notably "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)".
Bruce Springsteen emulated the Wall of Sound technique in his recording of "Born to Run". In 1973, the British band Wizzard, led by Roy Wood, had three Spector-influenced hits with "See My Baby Jive", "Angel Fingers (A Teen Ballad)", and "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday", the latter becoming a perennial Christmas hit. Other contemporaries influenced by Spector include George Morton, Sonny & Cher, the Rolling Stones, the Four Tops, Mark Wirtz, the Lovin' Spoonful, and the Beatles. Swedish pop group ABBA cited Spector as an influence, and used similar Wall of Sound techniques in their early songs, including "Ring Ring", "Waterloo", and "Dancing Queen". The Los Angeles-based new wave band Wall of Voodoo takes their name from Spector's Wall of Sound. Spector's influence is also felt in other areas of the world, especially Japan. City pop musician Eiichi Ohtaki has been influenced by Spector and the Wall of Sound.
Personal life
Relationships and children
Spector's first marriage was in 1963 to Annette Merar, lead vocalist of the Spectors Three, a 1960s pop trio formed and produced by Spector. He named a record company after Merar, Annette Records. Spector and Merar divorced in 1966. While still married to Merar, he began having an affair with Ronnie Bennett, later known as Ronnie Spector. Bennett was the lead singer of the girl group the Ronettes (another group Spector managed and produced). They married in 1968 and adopted a son, Donté Phillip Spector. As a Christmas present, Spector surprised her by adopting twins Louis Phillip Spector and Gary Phillip Spector.
In her 1990 memoir, Be My Baby: How I Survived Mascara, Miniskirts And Madness, Bennett alleged that Spector had imprisoned her in his California mansion and subjected her to years of psychological torment. According to Bennett, Spector sabotaged her career by forbidding her to perform. She escaped from the mansion barefoot with the help of her mother in 1972. In their 1974 divorce settlement, she forfeited all future record earnings and surrendered custody of their children. She alleged that this was because Spector threatened to hire a hitman to kill her.
Spector's sons Gary and Donté both stated that their father "kept them captive" as children, and that they were "forced to perform simulated intercourse" with his girlfriend. According to Gary, "I was blindfolded and sexually molested. Dad would say, 'You're going to meet someone,' and it would be a 'learning experience'." Donté described himself as coming "from a very sick, twisted, dysfunctional family".
In 1982, Spector had twin children with his girlfriend Janis Zavala: Nicole Audrey Spector and Phillip Spector Jr. Phillip Jr. died of leukemia in 1991. On September 1, 2006, while on bail and awaiting trial, Spector married his third wife Rachelle Short, who was 26 at the time. Spector filed for divorce in April 2016, claiming irreconcilable differences. They divorced in 2018.
Health, illness, and death
Spector testified in a 2005 court deposition that he had been treated for bipolar disorder ("manic depression") for eight years, saying, "No sleep, depression, mood changes, mood swings, hard to live with, hard to concentrate, just hard—a hard time getting through life, I've been called a genius and I think a genius is not there all the time and has borderline insanity."
In the first criminal trial for the Clarkson murder, defense expert and forensic pathologist Vincent Di Maio said that Spector might be suffering from Parkinson's disease stating, "Look at Mr. Spector. He has Parkinson's features. He trembles."
California Department of Corrections photos from 2013 (released in September 2014) show evidence of a progressive deterioration in Spector's health, according to observers. He had been an inmate at the California Health Care Facility (a prison hospital) in Stockton since October 2013. In September 2014, it was reported that Spector had lost his ability to speak, owing to laryngeal papillomatosis.
He was taken to San Joaquin General Hospital in French Camp, California, on December 31, 2020, and intubated in January 2021. Spector died in an outside hospital on January 16 at the age of 81, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Spector's daughter Nicole attributed her father's death to complications of COVID-19, with which he was diagnosed in December 2020. He would have been eligible for parole in 2024.
Some media outlets that reported on Spector's death were subject to controversy for reportedly downplaying his murder conviction. Examples given were the obituaries in The New York Times and Rolling Stone, which originally stated, respectively, that Spector's legacy "was marred by a murder conviction" and that his "life was upended" after being sentenced. These obituaries were revised following a social media backlash.
In popular culture
I Dream of Jeannie (1967, "Jeannie, the Hip Hippie" – season 3, episode 6): Phil Spector made a cameo as himself. Jeannie decides she wants to be a pop star and enlists Spector for help. Though referred to by the characters throughout the episode as "Phil Spector", the credit roll lists "Phil Spector as 'Steve Davis.
Beyond the Valley of the Dolls (1970): The character of Ronnie "Z-Man" Barzell is based upon Spector, though neither Russ Meyer nor screenwriter Roger Ebert had met him.
Phantom of the Paradise (1974): The villainous character Swan (played by Paul Williams) was supposedly inspired by Spector. A music producer and head of a record label, Swan was named "Spectre" in original drafts of the film's screenplay.
What's Love Got to Do with It (1993): Spector is portrayed by Rob LaBelle.
Grace of My Heart (1996): The film contains many characters based upon 1960s musicians, writers and producers including the character Joel Milner played by John Turturro (based on Spector).
In the docudrama And the Beat Goes On: The Sonny and Cher Story, Phil Spector is portrayed by Christian Leffler.
Metalocalypse (2006–2013): The character Dick Knubbler is a parody of Spector, based on profession, appearance and record of assault.
A Reasonable Man (2009): Harv Stevens is reportedly based on Spector. The film examines his relationship with John Lennon.
Phil Spector (2013): Spector is portrayed by Al Pacino.
Love & Mercy (2014): Spector is portrayed by Jonathan Slavin. However, his scene was cut from the theatrical release.
He was also in Easy Rider as a drug dealer.
The song "Christmas Kids" by ROAR references Spector's relationship with Ronnie Spector, the two also appear on the cover of the EP.
Discography
Awards
Spector is one of a handful of producers to have number one records in three consecutive decades (1950s, 1960s and 1970s). Others in this group include Quincy Jones (1960s, 1970s, and 1980s), George Martin (1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s), Michael Omartian (1970s, 1980s and 1990s), Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis (1980s, 1990s, and 2000s), and Max Martin (1990s, 2000, 2010s, and 2020s).
Awards and nominations
Rankings
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Baker, James Robert. Fuel-Injected Dreams New York: E. P. Dutton ; novel whose central character is reportedly based on Spector
Emerson, Ken. Always Magic in the Air: The Bomp and Brilliance of the Brill Building Era New York: Viking Press
Wolfe, Tom. "The First Tycoon of Teen" — magazine article reprinted in Wolfe, The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby, ; and in Back to Mono liner notes
External links
Please Phil Spector, artists that have included references to Spector in their own works
1939 births
2021 deaths
21st-century American criminals
Age controversies
American businesspeople convicted of crimes
American male criminals
American people convicted of murder
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American people who died in prison custody
Apple Records
Criminals from Los Angeles
Criminals from New York City
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in California
Domestic violence in the United States
Fairfax High School (Los Angeles) alumni
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American songwriters
Male murderers
Musicians from the Bronx
People convicted of murder by California
People from Alhambra, California
People from the Bronx
People with bipolar disorder
Plastic Ono Band members
Record producers from California
Record producers from New York (state)
Songwriters from New York (state)
The Wrecking Crew (music) members
Prisoners who died in California detention
The Teddy Bears members
Prisoners who died from COVID-19 |
Simdega Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Members of Assembly
Election Results
2019
See also
Vidhan Sabha
List of states of India by type of legislature
References
Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India
Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand |
Ithaca Creek State School is a heritage-listed state school and war memorial at 49 Lugg Street, Bardon, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Queensland Department of Public Work (involving Andrew Baxter Leven, Nigel Laman Thomas, and Harold James Parr) and built from 1930 to 1939. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 February 2016.
History
Ithaca Creek State School (established 1885), located in the inner Brisbane suburb of Bardon about four kilometres northwest of the Brisbane central business district (CBD), is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture. It retains a Depression-era brick school building (1934–1936), constructed as a Depression-era work project, which is an aesthetically pleasing landmark in the streetscape; and landscaped grounds including retaining walls ( and pre-1960), a parade ground (1934–1936), tennis court (1939) with tennis shed (pre-1946), a playing field (1932), a World War II (WWII) memorial dedicated to The Rats of Tobruk, and mature trees. The school has a strong and ongoing association with its surrounding community.
The provision of state-administered education was important to the colonial governments of Australia. National schools, established in 1848 in New South Wales were continued in Queensland following the colony's creation in 1859. Following the introduction of the Education Act 1860, which established the Board of General Education and began standardising curriculum, training and facilities, Queensland's national and public schools grew from four in 1860 to 230 by 1875. The State Education Act 1875 provided for free, compulsory and secular primary education and established the Department of Public Instruction. This further standardised the provision of education, and despite difficulties, achieved the remarkable feat of bringing basic literacy to most Queensland children by 1900.
The establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school's construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a community focus, a symbol of progress, and a source of pride, with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents, and teachers. The inclusion of war memorials and community halls reinforced these connections and provided a venue for a wide range of community events in schools across Queensland.
To help ensure consistency and economy, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings. From the 1860s until the 1960s, Queensland school buildings were predominantly timber-framed, an easy and cost-effective approach that also enabled the government to provide facilities in remote areas. Standard designs were continually refined in response to changing needs and educational philosophy and Queensland school buildings were particularly innovative in climate control, lighting, and ventilation. Standardisation produced distinctly similar schools across Queensland with complexes of typical components.
Land in the vicinity of Ithaca Creek State School was first surveyed in the 1860s, but not auctioned as suburban lots until 1870. In 1880, an early local government area was created incorporating the land between Enoggera and Windsor; it was called Ithaca Division after the Ithaca Creek which flows through it. By 1884 a country postal receiving office operated at Ithaca Creek to serve the small community.
In the same year, the community petitioned the Minister for Public Lands to reserve land for a school at Ithaca Creek and soon afterwards a one hectare site (Portion 826B) was reserved for this purpose.
Ithaca Creek State School opened on a sloping site fronting Lugg Street (now in the suburb of Bardon with the City of Brisbane), on 28 September 1885, with a timber school building to accommodate 60 pupils. By December of that year 103 boys and 85 girls were enrolled with, on average, 66 boys and 55 girls attending.
The district continued to grow and in 1887 Ithaca Shire was formed from Ithaca Division. It comprised about one tenth of the former division (11.5 km2), included Paddington, Bardon and Red Hill, and had a population of about 10,000 residents.
Further growth in the area took place, resulting in the creation of the Town of Ithaca, which replaced the shire in 1903. This development was promoted by the establishment of Brisbane's electric tram network after 1897, which extended from Roma Street to Enoggera Terrace, via Musgrave Road while a second route travelled along Caxton Street and Given Terrace. In 1925 the municipality of Ithaca was incorporated into Greater Brisbane.
Ithaca Creek State School grew in synchrony with this development, but its grounds needed work. In 1926 a school committee formed to improve the school grounds to meet modern ideas and provide better equipment for sporting activities. It created a scheme for extension and improvement of the school grounds, which at the time were under and extremely rough, resulting in the children playing on the roadway in front of the school. The scheme embraced the extension of the school grounds, and the provision of septic tanks, swimming pool, gymnasium, library, tennis court, and basketball courts. The first step was the filling in of a gully in the grounds.
Over the next six years, the committee provided over £550 and the Government provided approximately £410 for purchase of land. As a result, the grounds trebled in size to create a total area of approximately with purchase of land to the south and southeast of the school reserve creating access from Grace Street and Primrose Terrace. This expansion was achieved despite the onset of worldwide economic depression.
The Great Depression, commencing in 1929 and extending well into the 1930s, caused a dramatic reduction of building work in Queensland and brought private building work to a standstill. In response, the Queensland Government provided relief work for unemployed Queenslanders and also embarked on an ambitious and important building programme using day labour and Queensland materials, to provide impetus to the economy.
Even before the October 1929 stock market crash, the Queensland Government initiated an Unemployment Relief Scheme, through a work programme by the Department of Public Works. This included painting and repairs to school buildings. By mid-1930 men were undertaking grounds improvement works to schools under the scheme.
Extensive funding was given for improvements to school grounds, including fencing and levelling ground for play areas, involving terracing and retaining walls. This work created many large school ovals, which prior to this period were mostly cleared of trees but not landscaped. These play areas became a standard inclusion within Queensland state schools and a characteristic element. In mid-1932 unemployed men working under the government's relief scheme were employed at Ithaca Creek State School levelling its newly purchased grounds. The Hon Richard Hill, Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, told a gathering of parents in June 1932 that Department of Public Works' "expenditure on improvements to the school and its grounds, and expenditure under the intermittent relief scheme had totalled £2121, from 1929 to 1932. In addition, £800 had been approved for relief work at the school, and £126 for the purchase of additional land, making a total of £3047 for three years, or an average of £1000 a year".
In June 1932 the Forgan Smith Labor Government came to power from a campaign that advocated increased government spending to counter the effects of the Depression. The government embarked on a large public works building programme designed to promote the employment of local skilled workers, the purchase of local building materials and the production of commodious, low maintenance buildings which would be a long-term asset to the state. This building programme included: government offices, schools and colleges; university buildings; court houses and police stations; hospitals and asylums; and gaols.
Many of the programmes have had lasting beneficial effects for the citizens of Queensland, including the construction of masonry brick school buildings across the state. Most were designed in a classical idiom as this projects the sense of stability and optimism which the government sought to convey through the architecture of its public buildings.
Ithaca Creek State School was one of the approximately 30 schools chosen for the addition of a brick school building to replace its earlier timber building. The construction of substantial brick school buildings (E/B1) in prosperous or growing suburban areas and regional centres during the 1930s provided tangible proof of the government's commitment to remedy the unemployment situation. The Department of Public Works and Department of Public Instruction were extremely enthusiastic about these Depression-era brick school buildings. They were considered monuments to progress embodying the most modern principles of the ideal education environment.
Depression-era brick school buildings form a recognisable and important type, exhibiting many common characteristics. Frequently, they were two storeys above an open undercroft and built to accommodate up to 1000 students. They adopted a symmetrical plan form and often exhibited a prominent central entry. The plan arrangement was similar to that of timber buildings being only one classroom deep, accessed by a long straight verandah or corridor. Due to their long plan forms of multiple wings, they could be built in stages if necessary; resulting in some complete designs never being realised. Ideally, the classrooms would face south with the verandah on the north but little concession was made for this and almost all Depression-era brick school buildings faced the primary boundary road, regardless of orientation. Classrooms were commonly divided by folding timber partitions and the undercroft was used as covered play space, storage, ablutions and other functions.
Despite their similarities, each Depression-era brick school building was individually designed by a DPW architect, which resulted in a wide range of styles and ornamental features being utilised within the overall set. These styles, which were based on contemporary tastes and fashions, included: Arts and Crafts, typified by half-timbered gable-ends; Spanish Mission, with round-arched openings and decorative parapets; and Neo-classical, with pilasters, columns and large triangular pediments. Over time, variations occurred in building size, aesthetic treatment, and climatic-responsive features. The Chief Architect during this period was Andrew Baxter Leven (1885-1966), who was employed by the Queensland Government Works Department from 1910 to 1951, and was Chief Architect and Quantity Surveyor from 1933 to 1951. Other DPW architects involved in the design of Ithaca Creek State School were Nigel Laman Thomas and Harold James Parr.
In 1934, stage one of Ithaca Creek State School's brick school building commenced with construction of the north, lateral wing, of the planned U-shaped building comprising a range and two wings, located on the original school reserve. Construction was carried out by the Inspectorial and Construction Branch of the DPW. The Department of Public Works Annual Report to 30 June 1934 reported the building as follows:Ithaca Creek SS, Brisbane: Erection. Estimated Cost, £9,388 (In progress) This building, which is the first section of a scheme to accommodate 1,000 pupils, is constructed of brick with concrete foundation and fibrolite slate roof. The portion of building which is now under construction is of two storeys with basement under. Each floor provides for four classrooms of (40) pupils, giving a total accommodation for 320 pupils, also for cloakroom, and connecting 8ft 6in corridors and concrete staircase. The basement floor [undercroft] comprises lavatory recommendation for girls for the whole school and has play area, fitted with seats and drinking taps. A sewerage system will be installed.The foundation stone was laid by the Minister for Public Instruction, Frank Cooper, on 19 May 1934. The first section was occupied in October 1934 and the next two stages constructed in 1934–1935 (range) and 1935–1936 (southern wing); both works supervised by the Inspectorial and Construction Branch of the DPW. Concrete retaining walls to the north, south and east were built by the DPW in conjunction with this work.
A photograph dated 30 June 1935 shows the Depression-era brick school building, with the first two stages - the northern wing and range - completed, and a prominent roof fleche projecting from the centre of the range. Housing the main entrance to the building, a symmetrical, two-storeyed entrance bay projected west from the range, and featured a stepped parapet, and a pediment supported by large columns and pilasters. Pilasters on the elevation had simple, rendered capitals. Casement windows were located between pilasters in the western elevation of the range and in the entry bay, and had awning fanlights.
With all three stages completed, the Depression-era brick school building (now called Block A) was officially opened on 21 March 1936 by the Minister for Public Instruction (Frank Cooper) who commented that:the building was part of an undertaking to supply the best possible facilities for education, which were so necessary if Queensland was to keep pace with the rest of the quickly progressing world.... The cost of the building to date is £28,663. It has three wings, providing room for more than 1000 children. Some 800 to 900 pupils are on the present roll. The school is installed with all modern conveniences, broad corridors, spacious, airy, and well lighted classrooms and offices and a septic tank system.A bell was installed in the roof fleche after June 1936.
Improvements to the school grounds continued after completion of Block A. The Ithaca Creek State School Committee in March 1936 was raising money for improvement of the sports oval and the laying down of two tennis courts, two basketball courts and other improvements to the of school grounds. In March 1938 The Courier-Mail newspaper reported that the committee had spent £700 on ground improvements. The Minister for Health and Home Affairs (Ned Hanlon) opened a tennis court at Ithaca Creek State School on 3 June 1939, commending the school committee for buying adjoining land to provide a cricket and football oval for the boys; and "congratulated the relief workers who had done much to improve the school grounds". A hipped-roofed tennis shed, with an eastern opening, existed on the site by 1946 to the south of the western tennis court. A further 8879sqm of land, located to the south of the Lugg Street school reserve, was purchased (Lot 889 SL1899). The parade ground was sealed in 1969.
Block A underwent modifications in 1949 to convert part of the first storey for use as domestic science classrooms, a visual education room, and teachers room. A manual training room was built in the understorey and later converted into a tuckshop. In 1979 the verandahs of Block A were enclosed with aluminium windows. A metal-framed, concrete walkway was added as a connection to the southern wing of the Block A when a two-storey brick building was constructed in 2009. To facilitate this connection, an aluminium-framed door replaced a north-facing window of Block A.
Over the school's history, a number of buildings and structures have been added and removed from the site. These include: the original timber school building (1885, extended 1886, 1888, 1900, 1928, removed 1968); a teachers residence (, removed 1915); a playshed (1889, removed pre-1946); an open-air annexe (1915, removed after 1924); a tennis shed (pre-1946); a Hawksley Building (1953, demolished ); a swimming pool to the east of Block A (1964); grandstands and night lighting for the pool complex (1971) a pre-school centre (1975); a hall (2005, enclosed 2009) with attached outside school care building (2011); a two-storey brick building with undercroft (2009); a one-storey brick teaching learning centre with undercroft (2010); and a one-storey classroom building (2013).
Ithaca Creek State School has a long history of community involvement - from social dances in the 1930s; to fundraising for the school pool from the 1930s to the 1960s, with lamington drives, "brick" cards and penny miles; to the present day's functions and events.
The school community's involvement with world events is also acknowledged. An Honour Board commemorating those who served in WWII (1939–45) hangs in the foyer of the Block A. It was donated by William Cook of Primrose Terrace in honour of his son Thomas Wesley Cook who died in the war. It was unveiled on Friday 5 September 1947 by David Gledson, the Queensland Attorney-General.
A WWII Memorial (erected after 1954), commemorating the Rats of Tobruk, who during WWII defended Tobruk in North Africa against the Axis powers between April and December 1941, stands to the northwest of the front (west) lawn of the school. Constructed as a small replica of a monument built in 1941 by the engineers of the 9th Division (Australia) in the Tobruk War Cemetery, Libya, the memorial is of a stepped, Art-Deco design and stood on a stepped plinth. Metal crosses feature at the highest tier of the memorial, with the Rats of Tobruk Association's crest above a plaque on the lowest tier.
Ithaca Creek State School has marked the anniversaries of its establishment with three school histories published conjunction with: its 75th anniversary, its centenary, and its 120th anniversary. The Ithaca Creek school community also celebrated this latter milestone by building a new hall and holding an anniversary weekend.
In 2015, the school continues to operate from its original site. It retains the Department of Public Works Depression-era brick school building set in landscaped grounds with tennis (multipurpose) courts and tennis shed, playing field and mature shade trees. The school is important to the area, having been a focus for the community, and generations of students have been taught there. Since establishment, Ithaca Creek State School has been a key social focus for its community with the grounds and buildings having been the location of many social events.
Description
Ithaca Creek State School occupies a large site within the hilly terrain of Bardon, a residential suburb northwest of Brisbane CBD. Facing Lugg Street to the west, the sloping site is bounded to the north, south and east by residential properties. The school is accessed from Lugg Street, with additional entrances via Dacca and Grace Streets (north) and Primrose Terrace (east). The school comprises a complex of buildings and structures, the largest of which is a Depression-era brick school building (Block A; 1934–36), located in the northwestern corner of the site, addressing Lugg Street. Other important elements within the school grounds include various retaining walls (s and pre-1960), a parade ground to the east of Block A, two tennis courts and a tennis shed south of the Block A, a war memorial at the northern end of the Lugg Street entry garden, a WWII Honour Board in the entry foyer of Block A, and mature trees.
Depression-era brick school building (Block A; 1934–36)
Block A is a symmetrical, masonry structure of two storeys, with an undercroft level. A tall copper fleche projects above the tiled, hipped roof and houses the school bell. The building is U-shaped in plan, arranged around an eastern parade ground, and comprises: a range (1935) running north–south; with two lateral wings, the northern (1934) and southern (1936), running perpendicular on a west–east axis. The ends of the northern and southern wings project from the front elevation.
The building is elegantly composed with Classical detailing. Constructed from load-bearing face brick walls, it has rendered decorative elements on the ground and first floors, and rendered walls and piers that resemble channel-jointed ashlar to the undercroft level. Red-brown face brick walls in a stretcher bond are relieved with brown face brick pilasters in an English bond. The pilasters have simple, rendered capitals. A two-storey bay, projecting from the western side of the central range, frames the main entrance. It is topped by brick parapets - with the section over the central pediment being the tallest - and a large, rendered pediment. The pediment is supported by pilasters and two tall, painted concrete columns. It features the words "STATE SCHOOL" within its entablature and a rendered circle is set on face brick within the tympanum. The centred front door is framed by rendered detailing and has "ITHACA CREEK" written on the architrave. A stone, set within the wall north of the front door, commemorates the foundation date of the building, 19 May 1934, and the name of the person who laid the stone, Hon. FA Cooper (the then Secretary for Public Instruction).
The interior layout of the building is symmetrical, with the northern and southern wings mirrored; and the ground floor layout approximately repeated on the first floor. The entrance bay comprises a ground floor foyer, centrally located between northern and southern office spaces, and two first floor offices. It is aligned with the range's central stair, which is flanked to the north and south by storage rooms and classrooms. The northern and southern wings have three large classrooms (formerly four) on the ground and first floors; terminated at the eastern end by storage rooms and enclosed stairs. The classrooms throughout the building retain bulkheads that indicate the original layout of dividing partitions. Most classrooms and offices have plaster walls, timber-framed floors covered in modern carpet, and flat sheeted ceilings with dark-stained timber battens. Skirtings are generally wide and plastered, and most rooms retain timber picture rails. Stairs are of painted concrete and have metal and timber balustrades.
Corridors, along the western side of the range, and verandahs (now enclosed), along the parade ground sides of the northern and southern wings, provide access to the classrooms and offices. They have polished concrete floors and their plaster ceilings are flat, with those on the first floor featuring dark-stained timber battens. Verandahs have face brick balustrades, and early sinks are retained at their eastern ends.
The undercroft level is accessed via the central stair and is largely open play-space. Toilets are located at the eastern ends of the northern and southern wings, a tuckshop (former woodwork-classroom) encloses the western end of the northern wing, and a storage room encloses the western end of the southern wing. The undercroft has a concrete slab floor. Timber framing is exposed in parts of the range's ceiling, and some early corrugated metal ceilings within the northern and southern wings are retained. The piers are stop-chamfered.
Early timber joinery is retained throughout the building, including: tall casement windows (to the exterior); double-hung sash windows (to the verandahs); and panelled timber doors. A set of early timber folding doors is retained in a classroom on the ground floor of the northern wing, which is rare. Most windows and doors retain their awning fanlights and early window and door hardware. Modern aluminium windows (1979) enclosing the verandahs are not of cultural heritage significance.
Landscape Elements
The school grounds are well established, with sporting facilities including a generous playing field (1932) at the southeastern end of the site, and two levelled tennis courts (1939, one recently resurfaced as a multi-purpose court) with a timber tennis shed (pre-1946) to the south of Block A. The tennis shed is located south of the western tennis court; and is lowset, sheltered by a corrugated metal-clad hip roof, and clad with a single-skin of timber weatherboards. It comprises a western store room and an open eastern space, separated by a panelled timber door, set within a timber wall, which is lined with wide timber boards above door head-height, and v-jointed (VJ) boards below door head-height. Metal hooks are retained at the door head height, and a timber seat is built into the southern wall of the eastern space. Window openings have corrugated metal-clad hoods with timber brackets.
Many mature trees are located within the school grounds, including a large fig tree (Ficus sp.) southeast of the tennis courts.
The sloping site is terraced by several Depression-era concrete retaining walls. These are located:
along the Lugg Street boundary
between Lugg Street and Block A
north, east and west of Block A (including underneath a 2009 two storey brick building)
at the northeastern end of the playing field (s)
in between the school buildings and playing field (pre-1960)
Concrete stairs (s) between Block A and tennis courts provide access between the terraces. The terraced nature of the site provides opportunities for views of the surrounding area from within the school grounds and buildings.
The parade ground (1934–1936) east of Block A allows significant views to be obtained of the building's eastern elevation (its recent surface of bitumen is not significant).
An Honour Board (1947) is located in the foyer of Block A, listing the names of former students who served in World War II (WWII).
A painted concrete WWII memorial (erected after 1954) is located northwest of Block A and is dedicated to the Rats of Tobruk. It is of a stepped, art-deco design, with metal crosses fixed to the highest tier; and stands on a stepped plinth. The memorial displays the crest of the Rats of Tobruk Association, and a plaque with the words:
Note that the memorial and the words upon it are a replica; there are no burials on the school grounds.
Other Structures
Other buildings, structures, pathways, swimming pools, modern partitions, modern joinery, and sheds within the cultural heritage boundary are not of cultural heritage significance.
Heritage listing
Ithaca Creek State School was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 February 2016 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
Ithaca Creek State School (established 1885) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland. The place retains an excellent example of a government designed Depression-era brick school building (1934–1936), which was an architectural response to prevailing government educational philosophies, set in landscaped grounds with retaining walls, sporting facilities and mature trees.
The Depression-era brick school building and landscaping of the school grounds are the result of the State Government's building and relief work programmes during the 1930s that stimulated the economy and provided work for men unemployed as a result of the Great Depression.
A World War II (WWII) Honour Board (1947) located in the foyer of the Depression-era brick school building and a WWII Memorial commemorating the Rats of Tobruk (post-1954) sited in front of the school building are important in demonstrating the school community's involvement in WWII. War memorials, including honour boards, are a tribute to those who served, and those who died, from a particular community. They are an important element of Queensland's towns and cities and are also important in demonstrating a common pattern of commemoration across Queensland and Australia.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
Ithaca Creek State School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a Queensland state school. The school comprises a Depression-era brick school building constructed to a government design and a parade ground used as an assembly and play area. These elements are set within a generous, landscaped site that retains mature shade trees, Depression-era terraced retaining walls, and sporting facilities including a playing field and tennis courts with a tennis shed.
The substantial Depression-era brick school building is a highly-intact, excellent example of its type and retains a high degree of integrity. The building demonstrates the principal characteristics of its type, including: its two-storey form, with an undercroft; symmetrical, high-quality design that features classical detailing; loadbearing face brick construction; hipped roof; and prominent and central roof fleche. The building has a linear layout, with rooms accessed by verandahs and corridors, and an undercroft used as an open play space. Typical of this building type, the Depression-era brick school building was located in a growing suburban area at the time of its construction.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
Through its substantial size, high quality materials, face brick exterior, elegant formal composition and decorative treatment, the Depression-era brick school building at Ithaca Creek State School has aesthetic significance due to its expressive attributes, which evoke the sense of progress and permanence that the Queensland Government sought to embody in new public buildings in that era.
The building's assertive massing, classically influenced design, and elegant composition contribute to its dignified streetscape presence, and contrast with the surrounding small-scale residences.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Schools have always played an important part in Queensland communities. They typically retain significant and enduring connections with former pupils, parents, and teachers; provide a venue for social interaction and volunteer work; and are a source of pride, symbolising local progress and aspirations.
Ithaca Creek State School has a strong and ongoing association with the surrounding community. It was established in 1885 through the fundraising efforts of the local community and generations of children have been taught there. The place is important for its contribution to the educational development of the community and is a prominent community focal point and gathering place for social and commemorative events with widespread community support.
Notable people
Students:
Arch Bevis, Member of the Australian House of Representatives
Lloyd Rees, landscape painter
Teachers:
William Field Lloyd, Member of the Queensland House of Representatives
References
Attribution
Further reading
External links
Queensland Heritage Register
Bardon, Queensland
Public schools in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
World War II memorials in Queensland |
Cantemir () is a town in Moldova. It is the administrative center of Cantemir District.
References
External links
Cantemir County Businesses
View at Terraserver
Cantemir District
Cities and towns in Moldova |
The Mixon Rocks () are rock outcrops about west of Gadarene Ridge in the Allan Hills of Oates Land, Antarctica. They were reconnoitered by the New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme Allan Hills Expedition, 1964, who named this feature for Lieutenant William A. Mixon, a U.S. Navy medical officer at McMurdo Station who treated an injured member of the expedition.
References
Rock formations of Oates Land |
```javascript
/* eslint-env jest */
import cheerio from 'cheerio'
import fs from 'fs-extra'
import {
findPort,
killApp,
launchApp,
nextBuild,
nextStart,
renderViaHTTP,
} from 'next-test-utils'
import { join } from 'path'
const appDir = join(__dirname, '..')
const appPage = join(appDir, 'pages/_app.js')
const indexPage = join(appDir, 'pages/index.js')
let app
let appPort
let indexPageContent
const runTests = (isDev) => {
const getData = async () => {
if (isDev) {
appPort = await findPort()
app = await launchApp(appDir, appPort)
} else {
const { code } = await nextBuild(appDir)
if (code !== 0) throw new Error(`build faild, exit code: ${code}`)
appPort = await findPort()
app = await nextStart(appDir, appPort)
}
const html = await renderViaHTTP(appPort, '/')
await killApp(app)
const $ = cheerio.load(html)
return JSON.parse($('#__NEXT_DATA__').text())
}
it('should not have gip or appGip in NEXT_DATA for page without getInitialProps', async () => {
const data = await getData()
expect(data.gip).toBe(undefined)
expect(data.appGip).toBe(undefined)
})
it('should have gip in NEXT_DATA for page with getInitialProps', async () => {
indexPageContent = await fs.readFile(indexPage, 'utf8')
await fs.writeFile(
indexPage,
`
const Page = () => 'hi'
Page.getInitialProps = () => ({ hello: 'world' })
export default Page
`
)
const data = await getData()
expect(data.gip).toBe(true)
})
it('should have gip and appGip in NEXT_DATA for page with getInitialProps and _app with getInitialProps', async () => {
await fs.writeFile(
appPage,
`
const App = ({ Component, pageProps }) => <Component {...pageProps} />
App.getInitialProps = async (ctx) => {
let pageProps = {}
if (ctx.Component.getInitialProps) {
pageProps = await ctx.Component.getInitialProps(ctx.ctx)
}
return { pageProps }
}
export default App
`
)
const data = await getData()
expect(data.gip).toBe(true)
expect(data.appGip).toBe(true)
})
it('should only have appGip in NEXT_DATA for page without getInitialProps and _app with getInitialProps', async () => {
await fs.writeFile(indexPage, indexPageContent)
const data = await getData()
await fs.remove(appPage)
expect(data.gip).toBe(undefined)
expect(data.appGip).toBe(true)
})
}
describe('gip identifiers', () => {
;(process.env.TURBOPACK_BUILD ? describe.skip : describe)(
'development mode',
() => {
runTests(true)
}
)
;(process.env.TURBOPACK_DEV ? describe.skip : describe)(
'production mode',
() => {
runTests()
}
)
})
``` |
The Turbinny Rapid (or Turbina Rapid) are Class 4 or 5 rapid on the Chuya River in the Altai mountains, Russia. Turbinny Rapid is located close to the Federal Highway R256 near the 371 kilometer sign. The total length of the rapid is about 25 meters and the drop is around 4 meters. It is one of the three most difficult rapids in that part of Chuya River together with Behemoth Rapid and Horizon Rapid.
Notes
Rapids |
Komiz () may refer to:
Komiz, Hormozgan
Komiz, Markazi |
"Relax" is a song by Chilean-Swedish singer-songwriter Deetah, co-written by Deetah and Anders Bagge. The song contains a prominent sample of "Why Worry" by British rock band Dire Straits, so Mark Knopfler also received a writing credit. Produced by Bagge and Bloodshy, "Relax" was included on Deetah's first studio album, Deadly Cha Cha (1999), and was released through FFRR Records as her debut single on 14 September 1998. Upon its release, the song became a top-20 hit in Iceland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In the UK, it entered the top 10 on both the Scottish Singles Chart and the UK R&B Singles Chart.
Background and release
"Relax" was written by Anders Bagge and Deetah under her real name, Claudia Ogalde. The track's composition heavily samples the Dire Straits' 1985 song "Why Worry", so Mark Knopfler is also credited as a writer. Bagge, as "Bag", produced the song alongside Swedish DJ Bloodshy. Additional personnel who worked on the song include Mark "Spike" Stent, who mixed the track, and Arnthor, who engineered it. FFRR Records issued "Relax" as a single in the United Kingdom on 14 September 1998 across various formats. These releases contain "Take Mines" and various remixes of "Relax" as B-sides. CD singles were also issued in Sweden, Germany, South Africa, and Australasia. The song was included as the fourth track on Deetah's 1999 debut album, Deadly Cha Cha, and also appeared on the soundtrack to the 1998 slasher film I Still Know What You Did Last Summer.
Critical reception
Before the song's release, British trade paper Music Week reviewed "Relax" on 29 August 1998, giving the song a "side-thumb" rating and noting that the "Why Worry" sample caused an "ill effect". Ziad from Record Mirror gave a positive review for the song's Bump 'n' Flex and M-Dub remixes, calling them "excellent" and giving them a five-out-of-five rating. British columnist James Masterton wrote that the song is a "great example of commercial garage with enough hooks to help it cross over to a pop audience", retrospectively calling its "Why Worry" sample "groundbreaking".
Chart performance
"Relax" debuted at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart on the week beginning 20 September 1998, which would become its peak. It is Deetah's highest- and longest-charting UK single, spending eight weeks in the top 100. On the Scottish Singles Chart, the single entered the top 10, peaking at number 10 on 4 October. It was also a top-10 hit on the UK R&B Singles Chart, reaching number four for two weeks. The single's UK sales alone registered on the Eurochart Hot 100, where it debuted and peaked at number 47 on the chart dated 3 October.
Outside the UK, "Relax" became a top-20 hit in Sweden and Iceland. In Sweden, it debuted at number 39 on the Hitlistan chart on 15 October 1998. Over the next three weeks, the song rose and fell within the top 30, then it jumped to its peak of number 20 on 12 November, becoming Deetah's first of three top-50 hits in Sweden. It remained on the ranking for five more weeks, logging 10 weeks in the top 60 altogether. On Iceland's Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 chart, "Relax" first appeared at number 37 on 9 October 1998. The following week, it rose to its peak of number 13, where it spent two weeks. It remained on the listing for five weeks in total, making its last appearance on 6 November.
Track listings
Swedish CD single
"Relax" – 3:48
"Relax" (Blacksmith R&B rub—12-inch mix) – 5:11
German and South African CD single
"Relax"
"Relax" (Blacksmith R&B rub—radio mix)
"Relax" (Stargate remix)
"Relax" (Bloodshy remix)
"Relax" (Blacksmith club mix)
UK 12-inch single 1
A1. "Relax" – 3:48
A2. "Relax" (Bump 'n' Flex mix) – 5:17
B1. "Relax" (Blacksmith R&B rub—12-inch mix) – 5:11
B2. "Relax" (Blacksmith club mix) – 5:37
UK 12-inch single 2
A. "Relax" (Bump 'n' Flex Full Flava Groove)
B. "Relax" (M-Dub Breakbeat mix)
UK CD1 and Australasian CD single
"Relax" – 3:48
"Relax" (Blacksmith R&B rub—radio mix) – 4:50
"Take Mines" – 3:34
UK CD2
"Relax" – 3:48
"Relax" (Bump 'n' Flex mix) – 5:17
"Relax" (Blacksmith club mix) – 5:37
UK cassette single
"Relax" – 3:48
"Take Mines" – 3:34
Charts
References
1998 songs
1998 debut singles
FFRR Records singles
Songs written by Anders Bagge
Songs written by Mark Knopfler
UK garage songs |
Richard Phillip Hodson (born 26 April 1951) is an English former first-class cricketer, cricket administrator and businessman.
Hodson was born at Horbury in April 1951. He was educated in Wakefield at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, before going up to Downing College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his debut against Surrey in 1971. Hodson played first-class cricket for Cambridge until 1973, making eighteen appearances. An all-rounder, he scored 677 runs in his eighteen matches at an average of 21.15. He scored one century for Cambridge, making 111 against Kent in 1973. With his right-arm medium pace bowling he took 26 wickets at a bowling average of 26.80, with best figures of 4 for 54. In addition to playing first-class cricket for Cambridge, he also made a single appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricket team against the touring New Zealanders at Fenner's in 1973. Hodson also played List A one-day cricket for Cambridge University in the 1972 Benson & Hedges Cup, making four appearances.
After graduating from Cambridge, Hodson made regular appearances for the Yorkshire seconds, but did not feature for the first eleven. Away from cricket, he started a small business in 1977 and progressed to become the chief executive of The Oval Group, one of largest privately owned corporate insurance brokers in the United Kingdom. He was appointed president of the Marylebone Cricket Club in 2011, succeeding Christopher Martin-Jenkins. He was the first Yorkshireman to be MCC president since Sir William Worsley fifty years previously.
Hodson is married to Sally Ann Hodson (née Greig), the sister of the England cricketers Tony and Ian Greig. Their son Will has played cricket at first-class level.
References
External links
1951 births
Living people
People from Horbury
People educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield
Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge
English cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricketers
English businesspeople
Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club
English cricket administrators
Cricketers from West Yorkshire |
```elixir
defmodule PhoenixTrello.SessionController do
use PhoenixTrello.Web, :controller
plug :scrub_params, "session" when action in [:create]
def create(conn, %{"session" => session_params}) do
case PhoenixTrello.Session.authenticate(session_params) do
{:ok, user} ->
{:ok, jwt, _full_claims} = user |> Guardian.encode_and_sign(:token)
conn
|> put_status(:created)
|> render("show.json", jwt: jwt, user: user)
:error ->
conn
|> put_status(:unprocessable_entity)
|> render("error.json")
end
end
def delete(conn, _) do
{:ok, claims} = Guardian.Plug.claims(conn)
conn
|> Guardian.Plug.current_token
|> Guardian.revoke!(claims)
conn
|> render("delete.json")
end
def unauthenticated(conn, _params) do
conn
|> put_status(:forbidden)
|> render(PhoenixTrello.SessionView, "forbidden.json", error: "Not Authenticated")
end
end
``` |
```smalltalk
/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using iText.Commons;
using iText.Commons.Utils;
using iText.Forms;
using iText.Forms.Fields;
using iText.Forms.Form.Element;
using iText.Forms.Util;
using iText.Kernel.Colors;
using iText.Kernel.Geom;
using iText.Kernel.Pdf;
using iText.Layout.Element;
using iText.Layout.Font;
using iText.Layout.Layout;
using iText.Layout.Properties;
using iText.Layout.Renderer;
namespace iText.Forms.Form.Renderer {
/// <summary>
/// The
/// <see cref="AbstractTextFieldRenderer"/>
/// implementation for SigFields.
/// </summary>
public class SignatureAppearanceRenderer : AbstractTextFieldRenderer {
/// <summary>Extra space at the top.</summary>
private const float TOP_SECTION = 0.3f;
private const float EPS = 1e-5f;
private readonly SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode renderingMode;
private bool isFontSizeApproximated = false;
/// <summary>
/// Creates a new
/// <see cref="SignatureAppearanceRenderer"/>
/// instance.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="modelElement">the model element</param>
public SignatureAppearanceRenderer(SignatureFieldAppearance modelElement)
: base(modelElement) {
renderingMode = RetrieveRenderingMode();
}
/// <summary><inheritDoc/></summary>
/// <returns>
///
/// <inheritDoc/>
/// </returns>
protected internal override bool IsLayoutBasedOnFlatRenderer() {
return false;
}
/// <summary><inheritDoc/></summary>
/// <returns>
///
/// <inheritDoc/>
/// </returns>
protected internal override IRenderer CreateFlatRenderer() {
Div div = new Div();
foreach (IElement element in ((SignatureFieldAppearance)modelElement).GetContentElements()) {
if (element is Image) {
div.Add((Image)element);
}
else {
div.Add((IBlockElement)element);
}
}
return div.CreateRendererSubTree();
}
/// <summary><inheritDoc/></summary>
public override LayoutResult Layout(LayoutContext layoutContext) {
ApproximateFontSizeToFitLayoutArea(layoutContext);
return base.Layout(layoutContext);
}
/// <summary><inheritDoc/></summary>
/// <param name="layoutContext">
///
/// <inheritDoc/>
/// </param>
protected internal override void AdjustFieldLayout(LayoutContext layoutContext) {
Rectangle bBox = GetOccupiedArea().GetBBox().Clone();
ApplyPaddings(bBox, false);
ApplyBorderBox(bBox, false);
ApplyMargins(bBox, false);
if (bBox.GetY() < 0) {
bBox.SetHeight(bBox.GetY() + bBox.GetHeight());
bBox.SetY(0);
}
Rectangle descriptionRect = null;
Rectangle signatureRect = null;
switch (renderingMode) {
case SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.NAME_AND_DESCRIPTION:
case SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.GRAPHIC_AND_DESCRIPTION: {
// Split the signature field into two and add the name of the signer or an image to the one side,
// the description to the other side.
UnitValue[] paddings = GetPaddings();
if (bBox.GetHeight() > bBox.GetWidth()) {
float topPadding = paddings[0].GetValue();
float bottomPadding = paddings[2].GetValue();
signatureRect = new Rectangle(bBox.GetX(), bBox.GetY() + bBox.GetHeight() / 2 + bottomPadding / 2, bBox.GetWidth
(), bBox.GetHeight() / 2 - bottomPadding / 2);
descriptionRect = new Rectangle(bBox.GetX(), bBox.GetY(), bBox.GetWidth(), bBox.GetHeight() / 2 - topPadding
/ 2);
}
else {
// origin is the bottom-left
float rightPadding = paddings[1].GetValue();
float leftPadding = paddings[3].GetValue();
signatureRect = new Rectangle(bBox.GetX(), bBox.GetY(), bBox.GetWidth() / 2 - rightPadding / 2, bBox.GetHeight
());
descriptionRect = new Rectangle(bBox.GetX() + bBox.GetWidth() / 2 + leftPadding / 2, bBox.GetY(), bBox.GetWidth
() / 2 - leftPadding / 2, bBox.GetHeight());
}
break;
}
case SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.GRAPHIC: {
// The signature field will consist of an image only; no description will be shown.
signatureRect = bBox;
break;
}
case SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.DESCRIPTION: {
// Default one, it just shows whatever description was defined for the signature.
float additionalHeight = CalculateAdditionalHeight();
if (RetrieveHeight() == null) {
// Adjust calculated occupied area height to keep the same font size.
float calculatedHeight = GetOccupiedArea().GetBBox().GetHeight();
// (calcHeight + addHeight + topSect) * (1 - TOP_SECTION) - addHeight = calcHeight, =>
float topSection = (calculatedHeight + additionalHeight) * TOP_SECTION / (1 - TOP_SECTION);
GetOccupiedArea().GetBBox().MoveDown(topSection + additionalHeight).SetHeight(calculatedHeight + topSection
+ additionalHeight);
bBox.MoveDown(bBox.GetBottom() - GetOccupiedArea().GetBBox().GetBottom() - additionalHeight / 2);
}
descriptionRect = bBox.SetHeight(GetOccupiedArea().GetBBox().GetHeight() * (1 - TOP_SECTION) - additionalHeight
);
break;
}
default: {
return;
}
}
AdjustChildrenLayout(renderingMode, signatureRect, descriptionRect, layoutContext.GetArea().GetPageNumber(
));
}
/// <summary><inheritDoc/></summary>
/// <returns>
///
/// <inheritDoc/>
/// </returns>
public override IRenderer GetNextRenderer() {
return new iText.Forms.Form.Renderer.SignatureAppearanceRenderer((SignatureFieldAppearance)modelElement);
}
/// <summary>Gets the default value of the form field.</summary>
/// <returns>the default value of the form field.</returns>
public override String GetDefaultValue() {
// FormProperty.FORM_FIELD_VALUE is not supported for SigField element.
return "";
}
/// <summary><inheritDoc/></summary>
/// <param name="drawContext">
///
/// <inheritDoc/>
/// </param>
protected internal override void ApplyAcroField(DrawContext drawContext) {
String name = GetModelId();
UnitValue fontSize = (UnitValue)this.GetPropertyAsUnitValue(Property.FONT_SIZE);
if (!fontSize.IsPointValue()) {
ILogger logger = ITextLogManager.GetLogger(typeof(iText.Forms.Form.Renderer.SignatureAppearanceRenderer));
logger.LogError(MessageFormatUtil.Format(iText.IO.Logs.IoLogMessageConstant.PROPERTY_IN_PERCENTS_NOT_SUPPORTED
, Property.FONT_SIZE));
}
PdfDocument doc = drawContext.GetDocument();
Rectangle area = GetOccupiedArea().GetBBox().Clone();
ApplyMargins(area, false);
IDictionary<int, Object> properties = FormFieldRendererUtil.RemoveProperties(this.modelElement);
PdfPage page = doc.GetPage(occupiedArea.GetPageNumber());
Background background = this.GetProperty<Background>(Property.BACKGROUND);
// Background is light gray by default, but can be set to null by user.
Color backgroundColor = background == null ? null : background.GetColor();
float fontSizeValue = fontSize.GetValue();
if (font == null) {
font = doc.GetDefaultFont();
}
// Some properties are set to the HtmlDocumentRenderer, which is root renderer for this SigFieldRenderer, but
// in forms logic root renderer is CanvasRenderer, and these properties will have default values. So
// we get them from renderer and set these properties to model element, which will be passed to forms logic.
modelElement.SetProperty(Property.FONT_PROVIDER, this.GetProperty<FontProvider>(Property.FONT_PROVIDER));
modelElement.SetProperty(Property.RENDERING_MODE, this.GetProperty<SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode?
>(Property.RENDERING_MODE));
PdfSignatureFormField sigField = new SignatureFormFieldBuilder(doc, name).SetWidgetRectangle(area).SetConformanceLevel
(GetConformanceLevel(doc)).SetFont(font).CreateSignature();
sigField.DisableFieldRegeneration();
sigField.SetFontSize(fontSizeValue);
sigField.GetFirstFormAnnotation().SetBackgroundColor(backgroundColor);
ApplyDefaultFieldProperties(sigField);
ApplyAccessibilityProperties(sigField, doc);
sigField.GetFirstFormAnnotation().SetFormFieldElement((SignatureFieldAppearance)modelElement);
sigField.EnableFieldRegeneration();
PdfAcroForm forms = PdfFormCreator.GetAcroForm(doc, true);
forms.AddField(sigField, page);
FormFieldRendererUtil.ReapplyProperties(modelElement, properties);
}
private void AdjustChildrenLayout(SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode renderingMode, Rectangle signatureRect
, Rectangle descriptionRect, int pageNum) {
switch (renderingMode) {
case SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.NAME_AND_DESCRIPTION: {
ParagraphRenderer name = (ParagraphRenderer)flatRenderer.GetChildRenderers()[0];
RelayoutParagraph(name, signatureRect, pageNum);
ParagraphRenderer description = (ParagraphRenderer)flatRenderer.GetChildRenderers()[1];
RelayoutParagraph(description, descriptionRect, pageNum);
break;
}
case SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.GRAPHIC_AND_DESCRIPTION: {
RelayoutImage(signatureRect, pageNum);
ParagraphRenderer description = (ParagraphRenderer)flatRenderer.GetChildRenderers()[1];
RelayoutParagraph(description, descriptionRect, pageNum);
break;
}
case SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.GRAPHIC: {
RelayoutImage(signatureRect, pageNum);
break;
}
default: {
ParagraphRenderer description = (ParagraphRenderer)flatRenderer.GetChildRenderers()[0];
RelayoutParagraph(description, descriptionRect, pageNum);
break;
}
}
// Apply vertical alignment for children including floats.
VerticalAlignment? verticalAlignment = this.GetProperty<VerticalAlignment?>(Property.VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT);
float multiplier = 0;
if (VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE == verticalAlignment) {
multiplier = 0.5f;
}
else {
if (VerticalAlignment.BOTTOM == verticalAlignment) {
multiplier = 1;
}
}
float lowestChildBottom = GetLowestChildBottom(flatRenderer, GetInnerAreaBBox().GetTop());
float deltaY = lowestChildBottom - GetInnerAreaBBox().GetY();
if (deltaY > 0) {
flatRenderer.Move(0, -deltaY * multiplier);
}
}
private void RelayoutImage(Rectangle signatureRect, int pageNum) {
ImageRenderer image = (ImageRenderer)flatRenderer.GetChildRenderers()[0];
Rectangle imageBBox = image.GetOccupiedArea().GetBBox();
float imgWidth = imageBBox.GetWidth();
if (imgWidth < EPS) {
imgWidth = signatureRect.GetWidth();
}
float imgHeight = imageBBox.GetHeight();
if (imgHeight < EPS) {
imgHeight = signatureRect.GetHeight();
}
float multiplierH = signatureRect.GetWidth() / imgWidth;
float multiplierW = signatureRect.GetHeight() / imgHeight;
float multiplier = Math.Min(multiplierH, multiplierW);
imgWidth *= multiplier;
imgHeight *= multiplier;
float x = signatureRect.GetLeft() + (signatureRect.GetWidth() - imgWidth) / 2;
float y = signatureRect.GetBottom() + (signatureRect.GetHeight() - imgHeight) / 2;
// We need to re-layout image since signature was divided into 2 parts and bBox was changed.
LayoutContext layoutContext = new LayoutContext(new LayoutArea(pageNum, new Rectangle(x, y, imgWidth, imgHeight
)));
image.GetModelElement().SetProperty(Property.WIDTH, UnitValue.CreatePointValue(imgWidth));
image.GetModelElement().SetProperty(Property.HEIGHT, UnitValue.CreatePointValue(imgHeight));
image.Layout(layoutContext);
}
private void RelayoutParagraph(IRenderer renderer, Rectangle rect, int pageNum) {
UnitValue fontSizeAsUV = this.HasOwnProperty(Property.FONT_SIZE) ? (UnitValue)this.GetOwnProperty<UnitValue
>(Property.FONT_SIZE) : (UnitValue)modelElement.GetOwnProperty<UnitValue>(Property.FONT_SIZE);
if (fontSizeAsUV == null || fontSizeAsUV.GetValue() < EPS || isFontSizeApproximated) {
// Calculate font size.
IRenderer helper = ((Paragraph)renderer.GetModelElement()).CreateRendererSubTree().SetParent(renderer.GetParent
());
this.DeleteProperty(Property.FONT_SIZE);
LayoutContext layoutContext = new LayoutContext(new LayoutArea(pageNum, rect));
float lFontSize = 0.1f;
float rFontSize = 100;
int numberOfIterations = 15;
// 15 iterations with lFontSize = 0.1 and rFontSize = 100 should result in ~0.003 precision.
float fontSize = CalculateFittingFontSize(helper, lFontSize, rFontSize, layoutContext, numberOfIterations);
renderer.GetModelElement().SetProperty(Property.FONT_SIZE, UnitValue.CreatePointValue(fontSize));
}
// Relayout the element after font size was changed or signature was split into 2 parts.
LayoutContext layoutContext_1 = new LayoutContext(new LayoutArea(pageNum, rect));
renderer.Layout(layoutContext_1);
}
private float CalculateAdditionalHeight() {
Rectangle dummy = new Rectangle(0, 0);
this.ApplyMargins(dummy, true);
this.ApplyBorderBox(dummy, true);
this.ApplyPaddings(dummy, true);
return dummy.GetHeight();
}
private void ApproximateFontSizeToFitLayoutArea(LayoutContext layoutContext) {
if (this.HasOwnProperty(Property.FONT_SIZE) || modelElement.HasOwnProperty(Property.FONT_SIZE)) {
return;
}
if (SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.GRAPHIC == renderingMode || SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode
.GRAPHIC_AND_DESCRIPTION == renderingMode || SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.CUSTOM == renderingMode
) {
// We can expect CLIP_ELEMENT log messages since the initial image size may be larger than the field height.
// But image size will be adjusted during its relayout in #adjustFieldLayout.
return;
}
float fontSize = ApproximateFontSize(layoutContext, 0.1f, AbstractPdfFormField.DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE);
if (fontSize > 0) {
isFontSizeApproximated = true;
modelElement.SetProperty(Property.FONT_SIZE, UnitValue.CreatePointValue(fontSize));
}
}
private SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode RetrieveRenderingMode() {
IList<IElement> contentElements = ((SignatureFieldAppearance)modelElement).GetContentElements();
if (contentElements.Count == 2 && contentElements[1] is Paragraph) {
if (contentElements[0] is Paragraph) {
return SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.NAME_AND_DESCRIPTION;
}
if (contentElements[0] is Image) {
return SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.GRAPHIC_AND_DESCRIPTION;
}
}
if (contentElements.Count == 1) {
if (contentElements[0] is Paragraph) {
return SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.DESCRIPTION;
}
if (contentElements[0] is Image) {
return SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.GRAPHIC;
}
}
return SignatureAppearanceRenderer.RenderingMode.CUSTOM;
}
/// <summary>Signature rendering modes.</summary>
private enum RenderingMode {
/// <summary>The rendering mode is just the description.</summary>
DESCRIPTION,
/// <summary>The rendering mode is the name of the signer and the description.</summary>
NAME_AND_DESCRIPTION,
/// <summary>The rendering mode is an image and the description.</summary>
GRAPHIC_AND_DESCRIPTION,
/// <summary>The rendering mode is just an image.</summary>
GRAPHIC,
/// <summary>The rendering mode is div.</summary>
CUSTOM
}
}
}
``` |
```java
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.thingsboard.server.common.data.notification.targets;
public interface NotificationRecipient {
Object getId();
String getTitle();
default String getFirstName() {
return null;
}
default String getLastName() {
return null;
}
default String getEmail() {
return null;
}
}
``` |
Gideon Wanton (October 20, 1693 – September 12, 1767) was a governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations who served for two separate one-year terms. His father was Joseph Wanton, a shipbuilder in Tiverton, and his mother was Sarah Freeborn, the daughter of Gideon and Sarah (Brownell) Freeborn. One of his great grandfathers was William Freeborn, who signed the Portsmouth Compact, becoming a founder of Portsmouth in the Rhode Island colony. Both of Wanton's parents were Quakers, and both were public speakers within the denomination.
Wanton was admitted as a freeman to Newport in 1718, and had an active business life. Being fiscally minded, he was elected to the office of general treasurer in 1733, to which office he continued until 1744. While he was treasurer, his uncle William Wanton was the governor of the colony and his uncle John Wanton was the deputy governor. A big controversy existed in the colony at the time on whether to use paper currency or hard currency (coin). Wanton was an advocate of paper currency, and as treasurer he issued 264,000 pounds in bills of credit.
In 1745 and again in 1747, Wanton was elected as the governor of the colony, each time for a one-year term. During his two short terms the British were fighting the French, and a good part of the war was being carried out in the American colonies. The Wantons were Quakers, who generally abrogated war, but John Bartlett, the editor of the Rhode Island Colonial Records wrote, "although Mr. Wanton was a Quaker, he was a belligerent one, and fully equal to the emergency..." Most of the dealings of his two administrations concerned military and naval affairs such as raising troops, equipping privateers, and supplying war materiel.
Following his terms in office, Wanton kept active mostly in his dealings within the Friends (Quaker) society. He died on September 12, 1767, and was buried in the Friends' Burial Ground, sometimes called Governor's Cemetery, on Tilden Street in Newport.
See also
List of colonial governors of Rhode Island
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
References
Bibliography
External links
Chronological list of Rhode Island leaders
Annals of the Redwood Library
1693 births
1767 deaths
18th-century Quakers
Colonial governors of Rhode Island
Politicians from Newport, Rhode Island
People of colonial Rhode Island
Burials in Rhode Island |
Edmund Shaw Simpson (1784 – 31 July 1848) was an English-born actor and theater manager. He made his theatrical début at the Towcester Theatre in England in May 1806 as Baron Steinfort in August von Kotzebue's The Stranger. In the United States Simpson first appeared at the New York Park Theatre on 22 October 1809, as Hurry Dornton in The Road to Ruin. In 1828, when playing lead role in The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, one of his legs was broken by an accident to the stage machinery, and he was crippled for life. His last performance was Dazzle in London Assurance. As a comedian, Simpson was studious and painstaking, and in his delineations intelligent and respectable, but there was ever attached to his representations a hardness of manner that interfered with his popularity.
In 1810 he became stage manager, and remained permanently connected with the one playhouse as actor, stage manager, and manager for 38 years. It was his privilege to introduce nearly all the noted British players of his day to American audiences. From 1821 until 1840 Simpson was working-manager to Stephen Price, the lessee of the theatre, but on the death of Price he assumed the sole management. During his career he went through several trials of adversity, and finally retired, 6 June 1848, under discouragement and in reduced circumstances.
Under Simpson's direction the old Park Theatre, or "The Theatre," as the show-bills named it, was noted for its well-drilled and efficient stock company. The scenery of this noted resort was made up of flats and drops of the simplest construction, the properties were cheap, worn, and few in number, the costumes flimsy and tinselled, and the auditorium, before the rising of the curtain, usually filled with the stifling leakage of gas. The boxes were painted in white and gold, with the first and second tiers divided into a series of screened lock-boxes.
A separate stairway led to the third tier and the gallery. This third tier was an assembling-place for the dissolute of both sexes; one half the gallery was patronized by boys, servants, and sailors, and the remainder was devoted to the accommodation of Negroes. What is now known as the parterre was called the pit. It was fitted with hard wooden benches, and the admission to it was half-price. Here the bachelors, critics, and wits of the day found their places. Drinking bars, united with apple, pie, and peanut stands, were connected with the pit and the upper tier of boxes.
As Frances Trollope has truly pictured, it was not an uncommon thing to see men rise on the front rows of the dress-circle in their shirt-sleeves, and between the acts turn their backs to the audience, while their better-halves sat munching apples and peeling oranges. Not seldom the entertainments of an evening comprised a five-act tragedy, a comedy, and an olio diversion, that terminated at twelve or one o'clock. The old Park Theatre was a wooden, barn-like structure, fronting about eighty feet on Park row, and rising to the height of sixty or seventy feet, painted in imitation of blocks of granite.
Notes
References
English male stage actors
British emigrants to the United States
American male stage actors
American theatre managers and producers
1784 births
1848 deaths
19th-century English male actors
19th-century American businesspeople |
Clippens Football Club was a Scottish football team from the town of Linwood, Renfrewshire.
History
The club was founded in 1882. It played five matches in its first half-season with 1 win, 3 draws, and 1 defeat. Indeed, the club finished the half-season by winning the Johnstone & District Cup, beating Kilbarchan 3–2 in the final.
Clippens therefore took the step of joining the Scottish Football Association in August, entering both the Scottish Cup and the Renfrewshire Cup in 1882–83. It lost in the first round in both - 3–2 to Glenpatrick in the former and 6–1 to Kilbarchan in the latter.
The club won in the Scottish Cup for the first time in 1883–84, with a 3–2 win over Johnstone Athletic in round 1, and survived a protest about players wearing "tacketed" boots (i.e. with nails in the soles), but lost 5–0 in the second round at Olympic of Greenock. Johnstone Athletic gained revenge in the Renfrewshire Cup second round, beating Clippens 4–0 in a "somewhat rough" tie.
Before the 1884–85 season, Clippens took over the Linwood club, making Clippens a "much stronger combination", first seen to good effect with a win over Greenock Rovers in the first round of the Scottish Cup; the score was 3–1, with two more goal disputed. However, in the second round, the club lost 7–1 at home to Renfrew, with two more Renfrew goals being disallowed. The club did get its best result in the Renfrewshire Cup, with a narrow 1–0 defeat to Morton in the second round. Clippens protested the Morton goal as being offside, to no avail.
Despite the takeover, the club was rapidly overtaken by other clubs in the county. By 1885, it had a mere 30 members, half of its total after its first season. The club did not pay its subscription to the Scottish Football Association, so was struck off the membership roll before the 1885–86 season, which meant it could not enter the Scottish Cup.
The club was replaced in the town the following season by Clippens Athletic, which suffered an abject humiliation in the Renfrewshire Cup, with a 24–0 defeat to Neilston - made even worse by Neilston starting the match with 9 men. In 1887 the club changed its name to Thistle, In 1888–89, a club named Clippens - probably the Thistle - sought entry to the Scottish Cup directly into the second round but the Scottish FA refused permission.
Colours
The club played in all white.
Ground
The club's ground was Moss Park, also known as Old Moss Park, 1 mile from Houston station.
Notable players
Tom Brandon, later a Scottish international
References
Defunct football clubs in Scotland
Football in Renfrewshire
Association football clubs established in 1882
Association football clubs disestablished in 1885
1882 establishments in Scotland
1885 disestablishments in Scotland |
The Hunting of the Hawk is a 1917 American silent mystery film directed by George Fitzmaurice and starring William Courtenay. It was distributed by Pathé Exchange.
It is an incomplete surviving film with reels in the Library of Congress and National Archives of Canada (Ottawa). Prints and/or fragments were found in the Dawson Film Find in 1978.
Cast
William Courtenay as Desselway
Marguerite Snow as Diana Curran
Robert Clugston as Wrenshaw
References
External links
1917 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by George Fitzmaurice
English-language mystery films
American black-and-white films
1917 mystery films
1910s American films
Silent American mystery films
1910s English-language films |
```c
/***************************************************************************
* _ _ ____ _
* Project ___| | | | _ \| |
* / __| | | | |_) | |
* | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
* \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
*
*
* This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
* you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
* are also available at path_to_url
*
* You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
*
* This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied.
*
***************************************************************************/
#include "curl_setup.h"
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include "urldata.h"
#include "url.h"
#include "progress.h"
#include "multiif.h"
#include "sendf.h"
#include "conncache.h"
#include "share.h"
#include "sigpipe.h"
#include "connect.h"
/* The last 3 #include files should be in this order */
#include "curl_printf.h"
#include "curl_memory.h"
#include "memdebug.h"
#ifdef CURLDEBUG
/* the debug versions of these macros make extra certain that the lock is
never doubly locked or unlocked */
#define CONN_LOCK(x) if((x)->share) { \
Curl_share_lock((x), CURL_LOCK_DATA_CONNECT, CURL_LOCK_ACCESS_SINGLE); \
DEBUGASSERT(!(x)->state.conncache_lock); \
(x)->state.conncache_lock = TRUE; \
}
#define CONN_UNLOCK(x) if((x)->share) { \
DEBUGASSERT((x)->state.conncache_lock); \
(x)->state.conncache_lock = FALSE; \
Curl_share_unlock((x), CURL_LOCK_DATA_CONNECT); \
}
#else
#define CONN_LOCK(x) if((x)->share) \
Curl_share_lock((x), CURL_LOCK_DATA_CONNECT, CURL_LOCK_ACCESS_SINGLE)
#define CONN_UNLOCK(x) if((x)->share) \
Curl_share_unlock((x), CURL_LOCK_DATA_CONNECT)
#endif
static void conn_llist_dtor(void *user, void *element)
{
struct connectdata *conn = element;
(void)user;
conn->bundle = NULL;
}
static CURLcode bundle_create(struct Curl_easy *data,
struct connectbundle **cb_ptr)
{
(void)data;
DEBUGASSERT(*cb_ptr == NULL);
*cb_ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct connectbundle));
if(!*cb_ptr)
return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
(*cb_ptr)->num_connections = 0;
(*cb_ptr)->multiuse = BUNDLE_UNKNOWN;
Curl_llist_init(&(*cb_ptr)->conn_list, (curl_llist_dtor) conn_llist_dtor);
return CURLE_OK;
}
static void bundle_destroy(struct connectbundle *cb_ptr)
{
if(!cb_ptr)
return;
Curl_llist_destroy(&cb_ptr->conn_list, NULL);
free(cb_ptr);
}
/* Add a connection to a bundle */
static void bundle_add_conn(struct connectbundle *cb_ptr,
struct connectdata *conn)
{
Curl_llist_insert_next(&cb_ptr->conn_list, cb_ptr->conn_list.tail, conn,
&conn->bundle_node);
conn->bundle = cb_ptr;
cb_ptr->num_connections++;
}
/* Remove a connection from a bundle */
static int bundle_remove_conn(struct connectbundle *cb_ptr,
struct connectdata *conn)
{
struct curl_llist_element *curr;
curr = cb_ptr->conn_list.head;
while(curr) {
if(curr->ptr == conn) {
Curl_llist_remove(&cb_ptr->conn_list, curr, NULL);
cb_ptr->num_connections--;
conn->bundle = NULL;
return 1; /* we removed a handle */
}
curr = curr->next;
}
return 0;
}
static void free_bundle_hash_entry(void *freethis)
{
struct connectbundle *b = (struct connectbundle *) freethis;
bundle_destroy(b);
}
int Curl_conncache_init(struct conncache *connc, int size)
{
int rc;
/* allocate a new easy handle to use when closing cached connections */
connc->closure_handle = curl_easy_init();
if(!connc->closure_handle)
return 1; /* bad */
rc = Curl_hash_init(&connc->hash, size, Curl_hash_str,
Curl_str_key_compare, free_bundle_hash_entry);
if(rc) {
Curl_close(connc->closure_handle);
connc->closure_handle = NULL;
}
else
connc->closure_handle->state.conn_cache = connc;
return rc;
}
void Curl_conncache_destroy(struct conncache *connc)
{
if(connc)
Curl_hash_destroy(&connc->hash);
}
/* creates a key to find a bundle for this connection */
static void hashkey(struct connectdata *conn, char *buf,
size_t len) /* something like 128 is fine */
{
const char *hostname;
if(conn->bits.socksproxy)
hostname = conn->socks_proxy.host.name;
else if(conn->bits.httpproxy)
hostname = conn->http_proxy.host.name;
else if(conn->bits.conn_to_host)
hostname = conn->conn_to_host.name;
else
hostname = conn->host.name;
DEBUGASSERT(len > 32);
/* put the number first so that the hostname gets cut off if too long */
snprintf(buf, len, "%ld%s", conn->port, hostname);
}
void Curl_conncache_unlock(struct connectdata *conn)
{
CONN_UNLOCK(conn->data);
}
/* Returns number of connections currently held in the connection cache.
Locks/unlocks the cache itself!
*/
size_t Curl_conncache_size(struct Curl_easy *data)
{
size_t num;
CONN_LOCK(data);
num = data->state.conn_cache->num_conn;
CONN_UNLOCK(data);
return num;
}
/* Returns number of connections currently held in the connections's bundle
Locks/unlocks the cache itself!
*/
size_t Curl_conncache_bundle_size(struct connectdata *conn)
{
size_t num;
CONN_LOCK(conn->data);
num = conn->bundle->num_connections;
CONN_UNLOCK(conn->data);
return num;
}
/* Look up the bundle with all the connections to the same host this
connectdata struct is setup to use.
**NOTE**: When it returns, it holds the connection cache lock! */
struct connectbundle *Curl_conncache_find_bundle(struct connectdata *conn,
struct conncache *connc)
{
struct connectbundle *bundle = NULL;
CONN_LOCK(conn->data);
if(connc) {
char key[128];
hashkey(conn, key, sizeof(key));
bundle = Curl_hash_pick(&connc->hash, key, strlen(key));
}
return bundle;
}
static bool conncache_add_bundle(struct conncache *connc,
char *key,
struct connectbundle *bundle)
{
void *p = Curl_hash_add(&connc->hash, key, strlen(key), bundle);
return p?TRUE:FALSE;
}
static void conncache_remove_bundle(struct conncache *connc,
struct connectbundle *bundle)
{
struct curl_hash_iterator iter;
struct curl_hash_element *he;
if(!connc)
return;
Curl_hash_start_iterate(&connc->hash, &iter);
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
while(he) {
if(he->ptr == bundle) {
/* The bundle is destroyed by the hash destructor function,
free_bundle_hash_entry() */
Curl_hash_delete(&connc->hash, he->key, he->key_len);
return;
}
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
}
}
CURLcode Curl_conncache_add_conn(struct conncache *connc,
struct connectdata *conn)
{
CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
struct connectbundle *bundle;
struct connectbundle *new_bundle = NULL;
struct Curl_easy *data = conn->data;
/* *find_bundle() locks the connection cache */
bundle = Curl_conncache_find_bundle(conn, data->state.conn_cache);
if(!bundle) {
int rc;
char key[128];
result = bundle_create(data, &new_bundle);
if(result) {
goto unlock;
}
hashkey(conn, key, sizeof(key));
rc = conncache_add_bundle(data->state.conn_cache, key, new_bundle);
if(!rc) {
bundle_destroy(new_bundle);
result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
goto unlock;
}
bundle = new_bundle;
}
bundle_add_conn(bundle, conn);
conn->connection_id = connc->next_connection_id++;
connc->num_conn++;
DEBUGF(infof(conn->data, "Added connection %ld. "
"The cache now contains %zu members\n",
conn->connection_id, connc->num_conn));
unlock:
CONN_UNLOCK(data);
return result;
}
void Curl_conncache_remove_conn(struct connectdata *conn, bool lock)
{
struct Curl_easy *data = conn->data;
struct connectbundle *bundle = conn->bundle;
struct conncache *connc = data->state.conn_cache;
/* The bundle pointer can be NULL, since this function can be called
due to a failed connection attempt, before being added to a bundle */
if(bundle) {
if(lock) {
CONN_LOCK(data);
}
bundle_remove_conn(bundle, conn);
if(bundle->num_connections == 0)
conncache_remove_bundle(connc, bundle);
conn->bundle = NULL; /* removed from it */
if(connc) {
connc->num_conn--;
DEBUGF(infof(data, "The cache now contains %zu members\n",
connc->num_conn));
}
if(lock) {
CONN_UNLOCK(data);
}
}
}
/* This function iterates the entire connection cache and calls the function
func() with the connection pointer as the first argument and the supplied
'param' argument as the other.
The conncache lock is still held when the callback is called. It needs it,
so that it can safely continue traversing the lists once the callback
returns.
Returns 1 if the loop was aborted due to the callback's return code.
Return 0 from func() to continue the loop, return 1 to abort it.
*/
bool Curl_conncache_foreach(struct Curl_easy *data,
struct conncache *connc,
void *param,
int (*func)(struct connectdata *conn, void *param))
{
struct curl_hash_iterator iter;
struct curl_llist_element *curr;
struct curl_hash_element *he;
if(!connc)
return FALSE;
CONN_LOCK(data);
Curl_hash_start_iterate(&connc->hash, &iter);
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
while(he) {
struct connectbundle *bundle;
bundle = he->ptr;
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
curr = bundle->conn_list.head;
while(curr) {
/* Yes, we need to update curr before calling func(), because func()
might decide to remove the connection */
struct connectdata *conn = curr->ptr;
curr = curr->next;
if(1 == func(conn, param)) {
CONN_UNLOCK(data);
return TRUE;
}
}
}
CONN_UNLOCK(data);
return FALSE;
}
/* Return the first connection found in the cache. Used when closing all
connections.
NOTE: no locking is done here as this is presumably only done when cleaning
up a cache!
*/
struct connectdata *
Curl_conncache_find_first_connection(struct conncache *connc)
{
struct curl_hash_iterator iter;
struct curl_hash_element *he;
struct connectbundle *bundle;
Curl_hash_start_iterate(&connc->hash, &iter);
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
while(he) {
struct curl_llist_element *curr;
bundle = he->ptr;
curr = bundle->conn_list.head;
if(curr) {
return curr->ptr;
}
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
}
return NULL;
}
/*
* Give ownership of a connection back to the connection cache. Might
* disconnect the oldest existing in there to make space.
*
* Return TRUE if stored, FALSE if closed.
*/
bool Curl_conncache_return_conn(struct connectdata *conn)
{
struct Curl_easy *data = conn->data;
/* data->multi->maxconnects can be negative, deal with it. */
size_t maxconnects =
(data->multi->maxconnects < 0) ? data->multi->num_easy * 4:
data->multi->maxconnects;
struct connectdata *conn_candidate = NULL;
if(maxconnects > 0 &&
Curl_conncache_size(data) > maxconnects) {
infof(data, "Connection cache is full, closing the oldest one.\n");
conn_candidate = Curl_conncache_extract_oldest(data);
if(conn_candidate) {
/* the winner gets the honour of being disconnected */
(void)Curl_disconnect(data, conn_candidate, /* dead_connection */ FALSE);
}
}
return (conn_candidate == conn) ? FALSE : TRUE;
}
/*
* This function finds the connection in the connection bundle that has been
* unused for the longest time.
*
* Does not lock the connection cache!
*
* Returns the pointer to the oldest idle connection, or NULL if none was
* found.
*/
struct connectdata *
Curl_conncache_extract_bundle(struct Curl_easy *data,
struct connectbundle *bundle)
{
struct curl_llist_element *curr;
timediff_t highscore = -1;
timediff_t score;
struct curltime now;
struct connectdata *conn_candidate = NULL;
struct connectdata *conn;
(void)data;
now = Curl_now();
curr = bundle->conn_list.head;
while(curr) {
conn = curr->ptr;
if(!CONN_INUSE(conn)) {
/* Set higher score for the age passed since the connection was used */
score = Curl_timediff(now, conn->now);
if(score > highscore) {
highscore = score;
conn_candidate = conn;
}
}
curr = curr->next;
}
if(conn_candidate) {
/* remove it to prevent another thread from nicking it */
bundle_remove_conn(bundle, conn_candidate);
data->state.conn_cache->num_conn--;
DEBUGF(infof(data, "The cache now contains %zu members\n",
data->state.conn_cache->num_conn));
conn_candidate->data = data; /* associate! */
}
return conn_candidate;
}
/*
* This function finds the connection in the connection cache that has been
* unused for the longest time and extracts that from the bundle.
*
* Returns the pointer to the connection, or NULL if none was found.
*/
struct connectdata *
Curl_conncache_extract_oldest(struct Curl_easy *data)
{
struct conncache *connc = data->state.conn_cache;
struct curl_hash_iterator iter;
struct curl_llist_element *curr;
struct curl_hash_element *he;
timediff_t highscore =- 1;
timediff_t score;
struct curltime now;
struct connectdata *conn_candidate = NULL;
struct connectbundle *bundle;
struct connectbundle *bundle_candidate = NULL;
now = Curl_now();
CONN_LOCK(data);
Curl_hash_start_iterate(&connc->hash, &iter);
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
while(he) {
struct connectdata *conn;
bundle = he->ptr;
curr = bundle->conn_list.head;
while(curr) {
conn = curr->ptr;
if(!CONN_INUSE(conn)) {
/* Set higher score for the age passed since the connection was used */
score = Curl_timediff(now, conn->now);
if(score > highscore) {
highscore = score;
conn_candidate = conn;
bundle_candidate = bundle;
}
}
curr = curr->next;
}
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
}
if(conn_candidate) {
/* remove it to prevent another thread from nicking it */
bundle_remove_conn(bundle_candidate, conn_candidate);
connc->num_conn--;
DEBUGF(infof(data, "The cache now contains %zu members\n",
connc->num_conn));
conn_candidate->data = data; /* associate! */
}
CONN_UNLOCK(data);
return conn_candidate;
}
void Curl_conncache_close_all_connections(struct conncache *connc)
{
struct connectdata *conn;
conn = Curl_conncache_find_first_connection(connc);
while(conn) {
SIGPIPE_VARIABLE(pipe_st);
conn->data = connc->closure_handle;
sigpipe_ignore(conn->data, &pipe_st);
conn->data->easy_conn = NULL; /* clear the easy handle's connection
pointer */
/* This will remove the connection from the cache */
connclose(conn, "kill all");
(void)Curl_disconnect(connc->closure_handle, conn, FALSE);
sigpipe_restore(&pipe_st);
conn = Curl_conncache_find_first_connection(connc);
}
if(connc->closure_handle) {
SIGPIPE_VARIABLE(pipe_st);
sigpipe_ignore(connc->closure_handle, &pipe_st);
Curl_hostcache_clean(connc->closure_handle,
connc->closure_handle->dns.hostcache);
Curl_close(connc->closure_handle);
sigpipe_restore(&pipe_st);
}
}
#if 0
/* Useful for debugging the connection cache */
void Curl_conncache_print(struct conncache *connc)
{
struct curl_hash_iterator iter;
struct curl_llist_element *curr;
struct curl_hash_element *he;
if(!connc)
return;
fprintf(stderr, "=Bundle cache=\n");
Curl_hash_start_iterate(connc->hash, &iter);
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
while(he) {
struct connectbundle *bundle;
struct connectdata *conn;
bundle = he->ptr;
fprintf(stderr, "%s -", he->key);
curr = bundle->conn_list->head;
while(curr) {
conn = curr->ptr;
fprintf(stderr, " [%p %d]", (void *)conn, conn->inuse);
curr = curr->next;
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
he = Curl_hash_next_element(&iter);
}
}
#endif
``` |
Duncan Springs (formerly, Duncan Mineral Springs) is a set of springs and the site of a resort from the 1880s in Mendocino County, California.
It is located south-southwest of Hopland, at an elevation of 781 feet (238 m).
Duncan Springs was a resort by the 1880s.
References
Reference bibliography
Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Mendocino County, California |
The 1884 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Republican nominee Henry Baldwin Harrison defeated Democratic incumbent Thomas M. Waller with 48.12% of the vote.
According to the law at the time, if no candidate received a majority, the state legislature would choose between the top two candidates. As the legislature was controlled by Republicans, they voted for fellow Republican Harrison, even though Waller received more votes. Thus, Harrison won the election.
General election
Candidates
Major party candidates
Henry Baldwin Harrison, Republican
Thomas M. Waller, Democratic
Other candidates
Elisha H. Palmer, Prohibition
James Langdon Curtis, Greenback
Results
References
1884
Connecticut
Gubernatorial
November 1884 events |
Birch's Views of Philadelphia was an 1800 book of prints drawn and engraved by William Russell Birch (1755–1834) and his son Thomas Birch (1779–1851). The 27 illustrations of the city are extraordinarily valuable to historians because they document Philadelphia architecture and street-life at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Formally titled The City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania North America; as it appeared in the Year 1800, the volume was self-published by William Birch in December 1800. Birch was a British-born miniature painter and engraver, and this became his most famous work.
Philadelphia was the temporary capital of the United States when the Birches began the project in 1798. Thomas Jefferson, then Vice President of the United States, was among the 156 subscribers to the initial printing. Other subscribers included British Minister to the U.S. Robert Liston, Spanish Minister to the U.S. The Chevalier d'Yrujo, former Pennsylvania Governor Thomas Mifflin, New York City Mayor Richard Varick, architect Benjamin Latrobe, artist Edward Savage, and several members of Congress. The 1804 second edition listed former U.S. President John Adams as a subscriber.
The views depict monuments, everyday life, and even reflect politics of the era. Plate 28 shows a technological marvel, the Water Works in Center Square, a water tower fed by steam pumps that made Philadelphia the first city in the United States with a general water-supply system. Two of the plates portray Native American delegations touring the city, and at least two plates include African Americans. Plate 29 shows the USS Frigate Philadelphia being built in a Southwark shipyard, but the engraving's ominous title, "Preparation for WAR to defend Commerce," refers to the 1798-1800 Quasi-War with France, in which hundreds of American merchant vessels were boarded or seized.
The Birches created additional views, and updated old ones, including reworking a view of Market Street to show the December 26, 1799 national funeral procession for George Washington. Birch's Views sold well and went into multiple editions, inspiring the pair to publish similar collected views of New York City, and of suburban estates surrounding Philadelphia and Baltimore.
First edition
Later editions
William and Thomas Birch published a second edition in 1804, a third edition in 1809, and a fourth (and final) edition in 1828.
References
External links
William Birch, The Country Seats of the United States (1808), Emily T. Cooperman, ed. (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008).
Emily T. Cooperman & Lea Carson Sherk, William Birch: Picturing the American Scene (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010).
Martin P. Snyder, "William Birch: His Philadelphia Views," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 73 (1949), pp. 271–315.
Martin P. Snyder, "Birch's Philadelphia Views: New Discoveries," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 88 (1964), pp. 164–173.
S. Robert Teitelman, Birch's Views of Philadelphia: a reduced facsimile of 'The City of Philadelphia-- as it appeared in the Year 1800': with photographs of the sites in 1960 & 1982. (Free Library of Philadelphia, 1982).
S. Robert Teitelman, Birch's Views of Philadelphia: A 200th Anniversary Edition. (Free Library of Philadelphia, 2000).
History of Philadelphia
1800 in Pennsylvania
1800 non-fiction books
1800s architecture in the United States
18th-century engravings
18th century in Philadelphia
Self-published books |
The 2016–17 Montana Grizzlies basketball team represented the University of Montana during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Grizzlies, led by third-year head coach Travis DeCuire, played their home games at Dahlberg Arena in Missoula, Montana as members of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 16–16, 11–7 in Big Sky play to finish in a tie for fifth place. As the No. 5 seed in the Big Sky tournament, they lost to Idaho in the quarterfinals.
Previous season
The Grizzlies finished the 2015–16 season 21–12, 14–4 in Big Sky play to finish in second place. They defeated Sacramento State and Idaho to advance to the Championship game of the Big Sky tournament where they lost to Weber State. They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they lost in the first round to Nevada.
Offseason
Departures
Incoming transfers
2016 recruiting class
2017 recruiting class
Roster
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Exhibition
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Big Sky regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Big Sky tournament
See also
2016–17 Montana Lady Griz basketball team
References
Montana Grizzlies basketball seasons
Montana
Montana Grizzlies basketball
Montana Grizzlies basketball |
```rust
use futures::channel::{mpsc, oneshot};
use futures::executor::{block_on, block_on_stream};
use futures::future::{poll_fn, FutureExt};
use futures::pin_mut;
use futures::sink::{Sink, SinkExt};
use futures::stream::{Stream, StreamExt};
use futures::task::{Context, Poll};
use futures_test::task::{new_count_waker, noop_context};
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
#[allow(dead_code)]
trait AssertSend: Send {}
impl AssertSend for mpsc::Sender<i32> {}
impl AssertSend for mpsc::Receiver<i32> {}
#[test]
fn send_recv() {
let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(16);
block_on(tx.send(1)).unwrap();
drop(tx);
let v: Vec<_> = block_on(rx.collect());
assert_eq!(v, vec![1]);
}
#[test]
fn send_recv_no_buffer() {
// Run on a task context
block_on(poll_fn(move |cx| {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(0);
pin_mut!(tx, rx);
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_flush(cx).is_ready());
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).is_ready());
// Send first message
assert!(tx.as_mut().start_send(1).is_ok());
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).is_pending());
// poll_ready said Pending, so no room in buffer, therefore new sends
// should get rejected with is_full.
assert!(tx.as_mut().start_send(0).unwrap_err().is_full());
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).is_pending());
// Take the value
assert_eq!(rx.as_mut().poll_next(cx), Poll::Ready(Some(1)));
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).is_ready());
// Send second message
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).is_ready());
assert!(tx.as_mut().start_send(2).is_ok());
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).is_pending());
// Take the value
assert_eq!(rx.as_mut().poll_next(cx), Poll::Ready(Some(2)));
assert!(tx.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).is_ready());
Poll::Ready(())
}));
}
#[test]
fn send_shared_recv() {
let (mut tx1, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(16);
let mut rx = block_on_stream(rx);
let mut tx2 = tx1.clone();
block_on(tx1.send(1)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(rx.next(), Some(1));
block_on(tx2.send(2)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(rx.next(), Some(2));
}
#[test]
fn send_recv_threads() {
let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(16);
let t = thread::spawn(move || {
block_on(tx.send(1)).unwrap();
});
let v: Vec<_> = block_on(rx.take(1).collect());
assert_eq!(v, vec![1]);
t.join().unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn send_recv_threads_no_capacity() {
let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(0);
let t = thread::spawn(move || {
block_on(tx.send(1)).unwrap();
block_on(tx.send(2)).unwrap();
});
let v: Vec<_> = block_on(rx.collect());
assert_eq!(v, vec![1, 2]);
t.join().unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn recv_close_gets_none() {
let (mut tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(10);
// Run on a task context
block_on(poll_fn(move |cx| {
rx.close();
assert_eq!(rx.poll_next_unpin(cx), Poll::Ready(None));
match tx.poll_ready(cx) {
Poll::Pending | Poll::Ready(Ok(_)) => panic!(),
Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => assert!(e.is_disconnected()),
};
Poll::Ready(())
}));
}
#[test]
fn tx_close_gets_none() {
let (_, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(10);
// Run on a task context
block_on(poll_fn(move |cx| {
assert_eq!(rx.poll_next_unpin(cx), Poll::Ready(None));
Poll::Ready(())
}));
}
// #[test]
// fn spawn_sends_items() {
// let core = local_executor::Core::new();
// let stream = unfold(0, |i| Some(ok::<_,u8>((i, i + 1))));
// let rx = mpsc::spawn(stream, &core, 1);
// assert_eq!(core.run(rx.take(4).collect()).unwrap(),
// [0, 1, 2, 3]);
// }
// #[test]
// fn spawn_kill_dead_stream() {
// use std::thread;
// use std::time::Duration;
// use futures::future::Either;
// use futures::sync::oneshot;
//
// // a stream which never returns anything (maybe a remote end isn't
// // responding), but dropping it leads to observable side effects
// // (like closing connections, releasing limited resources, ...)
// #[derive(Debug)]
// struct Dead {
// // when dropped you should get Err(oneshot::Canceled) on the
// // receiving end
// done: oneshot::Sender<()>,
// }
// impl Stream for Dead {
// type Item = ();
// type Error = ();
//
// fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>, Self::Error> {
// Ok(Poll::Pending)
// }
// }
//
// // need to implement a timeout for the test, as it would hang
// // forever right now
// let (timeout_tx, timeout_rx) = oneshot::channel();
// thread::spawn(move || {
// thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1000));
// let _ = timeout_tx.send(());
// });
//
// let core = local_executor::Core::new();
// let (done_tx, done_rx) = oneshot::channel();
// let stream = Dead{done: done_tx};
// let rx = mpsc::spawn(stream, &core, 1);
// let res = core.run(
// Ok::<_, ()>(())
// .into_future()
// .then(move |_| {
// // now drop the spawned stream: maybe some timeout exceeded,
// // or some connection on this end was closed by the remote
// // end.
// drop(rx);
// // and wait for the spawned stream to release its resources
// done_rx
// })
// .select2(timeout_rx)
// );
// match res {
// Err(Either::A((oneshot::Canceled, _))) => (),
// _ => {
// panic!("dead stream wasn't canceled");
// },
// }
// }
#[test]
fn stress_shared_unbounded() {
const AMT: u32 = if cfg!(miri) { 100 } else { 10000 };
const NTHREADS: u32 = 8;
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<i32>();
let t = thread::spawn(move || {
let result: Vec<_> = block_on(rx.collect());
assert_eq!(result.len(), (AMT * NTHREADS) as usize);
for item in result {
assert_eq!(item, 1);
}
});
for _ in 0..NTHREADS {
let tx = tx.clone();
thread::spawn(move || {
for _ in 0..AMT {
tx.unbounded_send(1).unwrap();
}
});
}
drop(tx);
t.join().ok().unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn stress_shared_bounded_hard() {
const AMT: u32 = if cfg!(miri) { 100 } else { 10000 };
const NTHREADS: u32 = 8;
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(0);
let t = thread::spawn(move || {
let result: Vec<_> = block_on(rx.collect());
assert_eq!(result.len(), (AMT * NTHREADS) as usize);
for item in result {
assert_eq!(item, 1);
}
});
for _ in 0..NTHREADS {
let mut tx = tx.clone();
thread::spawn(move || {
for _ in 0..AMT {
block_on(tx.send(1)).unwrap();
}
});
}
drop(tx);
t.join().unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn stress_receiver_multi_task_bounded_hard() {
const AMT: usize = if cfg!(miri) { 100 } else { 10_000 };
const NTHREADS: u32 = 2;
let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<usize>(0);
let rx = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Some(rx)));
let n = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
let mut th = vec![];
for _ in 0..NTHREADS {
let rx = rx.clone();
let n = n.clone();
let t = thread::spawn(move || {
let mut i = 0;
loop {
i += 1;
let mut rx_opt = rx.lock().unwrap();
if let Some(rx) = &mut *rx_opt {
if i % 5 == 0 {
let item = block_on(rx.next());
if item.is_none() {
*rx_opt = None;
break;
}
n.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
} else {
// Just poll
let n = n.clone();
match rx.poll_next_unpin(&mut noop_context()) {
Poll::Ready(Some(_)) => {
n.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
}
Poll::Ready(None) => {
*rx_opt = None;
break;
}
Poll::Pending => {}
}
}
} else {
break;
}
}
});
th.push(t);
}
for i in 0..AMT {
block_on(tx.send(i)).unwrap();
}
drop(tx);
for t in th {
t.join().unwrap();
}
assert_eq!(AMT, n.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
}
/// Stress test that receiver properly receives all the messages
/// after sender dropped.
#[test]
fn stress_drop_sender() {
const ITER: usize = if cfg!(miri) { 100 } else { 10000 };
fn list() -> impl Stream<Item = i32> {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
thread::spawn(move || {
block_on(send_one_two_three(tx));
});
rx
}
for _ in 0..ITER {
let v: Vec<_> = block_on(list().collect());
assert_eq!(v, vec![1, 2, 3]);
}
}
async fn send_one_two_three(mut tx: mpsc::Sender<i32>) {
for i in 1..=3 {
tx.send(i).await.unwrap();
}
}
/// Stress test that after receiver dropped,
/// no messages are lost.
fn stress_close_receiver_iter() {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
let mut rx = block_on_stream(rx);
let (unwritten_tx, unwritten_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
let th = thread::spawn(move || {
for i in 1.. {
if tx.unbounded_send(i).is_err() {
unwritten_tx.send(i).expect("unwritten_tx");
return;
}
}
});
// Read one message to make sure thread effectively started
assert_eq!(Some(1), rx.next());
rx.close();
for i in 2.. {
match rx.next() {
Some(r) => assert!(i == r),
None => {
let unwritten = unwritten_rx.recv().expect("unwritten_rx");
assert_eq!(unwritten, i);
th.join().unwrap();
return;
}
}
}
}
#[test]
fn stress_close_receiver() {
const ITER: usize = if cfg!(miri) { 50 } else { 10000 };
for _ in 0..ITER {
stress_close_receiver_iter();
}
}
async fn stress_poll_ready_sender(mut sender: mpsc::Sender<u32>, count: u32) {
for i in (1..=count).rev() {
sender.send(i).await.unwrap();
}
}
/// Tests that after `poll_ready` indicates capacity a channel can always send without waiting.
#[test]
fn stress_poll_ready() {
const AMT: u32 = if cfg!(miri) { 100 } else { 1000 };
const NTHREADS: u32 = 8;
/// Run a stress test using the specified channel capacity.
fn stress(capacity: usize) {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(capacity);
let mut threads = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..NTHREADS {
let sender = tx.clone();
threads.push(thread::spawn(move || block_on(stress_poll_ready_sender(sender, AMT))));
}
drop(tx);
let result: Vec<_> = block_on(rx.collect());
assert_eq!(result.len() as u32, AMT * NTHREADS);
for thread in threads {
thread.join().unwrap();
}
}
stress(0);
stress(1);
stress(8);
stress(16);
}
#[test]
fn try_send_1() {
const N: usize = if cfg!(miri) { 100 } else { 3000 };
let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(0);
let t = thread::spawn(move || {
for i in 0..N {
loop {
if tx.try_send(i).is_ok() {
break;
}
}
}
});
let result: Vec<_> = block_on(rx.collect());
for (i, j) in result.into_iter().enumerate() {
assert_eq!(i, j);
}
t.join().unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn try_send_2() {
let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(0);
let mut rx = block_on_stream(rx);
tx.try_send("hello").unwrap();
let (readytx, readyrx) = oneshot::channel::<()>();
let th = thread::spawn(move || {
block_on(poll_fn(|cx| {
assert!(tx.poll_ready(cx).is_pending());
Poll::Ready(())
}));
drop(readytx);
block_on(tx.send("goodbye")).unwrap();
});
let _ = block_on(readyrx);
assert_eq!(rx.next(), Some("hello"));
assert_eq!(rx.next(), Some("goodbye"));
assert_eq!(rx.next(), None);
th.join().unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn try_send_fail() {
let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(0);
let mut rx = block_on_stream(rx);
tx.try_send("hello").unwrap();
// This should fail
assert!(tx.try_send("fail").is_err());
assert_eq!(rx.next(), Some("hello"));
tx.try_send("goodbye").unwrap();
drop(tx);
assert_eq!(rx.next(), Some("goodbye"));
assert_eq!(rx.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn try_send_recv() {
let (mut tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
tx.try_send("hello").unwrap();
tx.try_send("hello").unwrap();
tx.try_send("hello").unwrap_err(); // should be full
rx.try_next().unwrap();
rx.try_next().unwrap();
rx.try_next().unwrap_err(); // should be empty
tx.try_send("hello").unwrap();
rx.try_next().unwrap();
rx.try_next().unwrap_err(); // should be empty
}
#[test]
fn same_receiver() {
let (mut txa1, _) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
let txa2 = txa1.clone();
let (mut txb1, _) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
let txb2 = txb1.clone();
assert!(txa1.same_receiver(&txa2));
assert!(txb1.same_receiver(&txb2));
assert!(!txa1.same_receiver(&txb1));
txa1.disconnect();
txb1.close_channel();
assert!(!txa1.same_receiver(&txa2));
assert!(txb1.same_receiver(&txb2));
}
#[test]
fn is_connected_to() {
let (txa, rxa) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
let (txb, rxb) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
assert!(txa.is_connected_to(&rxa));
assert!(txb.is_connected_to(&rxb));
assert!(!txa.is_connected_to(&rxb));
assert!(!txb.is_connected_to(&rxa));
}
#[test]
fn hash_receiver() {
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::hash::Hasher;
let mut hasher_a1 = DefaultHasher::new();
let mut hasher_a2 = DefaultHasher::new();
let mut hasher_b1 = DefaultHasher::new();
let mut hasher_b2 = DefaultHasher::new();
let (mut txa1, _) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
let txa2 = txa1.clone();
let (mut txb1, _) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
let txb2 = txb1.clone();
txa1.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_a1);
let hash_a1 = hasher_a1.finish();
txa2.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_a2);
let hash_a2 = hasher_a2.finish();
txb1.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_b1);
let hash_b1 = hasher_b1.finish();
txb2.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_b2);
let hash_b2 = hasher_b2.finish();
assert_eq!(hash_a1, hash_a2);
assert_eq!(hash_b1, hash_b2);
assert!(hash_a1 != hash_b1);
txa1.disconnect();
txb1.close_channel();
let mut hasher_a1 = DefaultHasher::new();
let mut hasher_a2 = DefaultHasher::new();
let mut hasher_b1 = DefaultHasher::new();
let mut hasher_b2 = DefaultHasher::new();
txa1.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_a1);
let hash_a1 = hasher_a1.finish();
txa2.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_a2);
let hash_a2 = hasher_a2.finish();
txb1.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_b1);
let hash_b1 = hasher_b1.finish();
txb2.hash_receiver(&mut hasher_b2);
let hash_b2 = hasher_b2.finish();
assert!(hash_a1 != hash_a2);
assert_eq!(hash_b1, hash_b2);
}
#[test]
fn send_backpressure() {
let (waker, counter) = new_count_waker();
let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&waker);
let (mut tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
block_on(tx.send(1)).unwrap();
let mut task = tx.send(2);
assert_eq!(task.poll_unpin(&mut cx), Poll::Pending);
assert_eq!(counter, 0);
let item = block_on(rx.next()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(item, 1);
assert_eq!(counter, 1);
assert_eq!(task.poll_unpin(&mut cx), Poll::Ready(Ok(())));
let item = block_on(rx.next()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(item, 2);
}
#[test]
fn send_backpressure_multi_senders() {
let (waker, counter) = new_count_waker();
let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&waker);
let (mut tx1, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
let mut tx2 = tx1.clone();
block_on(tx1.send(1)).unwrap();
let mut task = tx2.send(2);
assert_eq!(task.poll_unpin(&mut cx), Poll::Pending);
assert_eq!(counter, 0);
let item = block_on(rx.next()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(item, 1);
assert_eq!(counter, 1);
assert_eq!(task.poll_unpin(&mut cx), Poll::Ready(Ok(())));
let item = block_on(rx.next()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(item, 2);
}
/// Test that empty channel has zero length and that non-empty channel has length equal to number
/// of enqueued items
#[test]
fn unbounded_len() {
let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
assert_eq!(tx.len(), 0);
assert!(tx.is_empty());
tx.unbounded_send(1).unwrap();
assert_eq!(tx.len(), 1);
assert!(!tx.is_empty());
tx.unbounded_send(2).unwrap();
assert_eq!(tx.len(), 2);
assert!(!tx.is_empty());
let item = block_on(rx.next()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(item, 1);
assert_eq!(tx.len(), 1);
assert!(!tx.is_empty());
let item = block_on(rx.next()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(item, 2);
assert_eq!(tx.len(), 0);
assert!(tx.is_empty());
}
``` |
Tajikistan will participate in the 2011 Asian Winter Games in Almaty and Astana, Kazakhstan from January 30, 2011 to February 6, 2011. The nation will send more than 1 athlete in 1 sport
Alpine skiing
Tajikistan will send 2 male alpine skiers.
Men
References
Nations at the 2011 Asian Winter Games
Asian Winter Games
Tajikistan at the Asian Winter Games |
The War of the Succession of Stettin () was a conflict between the Dukes of Pomerania and the Elector of Brandenburg. It started in 1464, after the death of Duke Otto III, the last Duke of Pomerania-Stettin. The Dukes of Pomerania-Wolgast, Eric II and Wartislaw X, held that they were Otto's rightful heirs. Elector Frederick II of Brandenburg held that Pomerania-Stettin was a fief of Brandenburg. Since its duke, Otto III, had died without a male heir, it should fall back to Brandenburg.
History
After Duke Otto III of Pomerania-Stettin had died of the plague in 1464, Frederick used his claim of suzerainty of Brandenburg over Pomerania, an issue which had never been clarified, to lay claim on Pomerania-Stettin. On 21 January 1466, the Dukes and the Elector concluded the Treaty of Soldin, in which the Elector enfeoffed the Dukes with Pomerania and they recognised him as their liege lord. The Pomeranian Dukes, however, did not meet their treaty obligations and the conflict erupted again. In 1468, Brandenburg captured several Pomeranian towns on both sides of the Oder. After an unsuccessful siege of Ueckermünde, the two sides agreed to a cease-fire. Peace negotiations in Piotrków Kujawski only resulted in an extension of the cease-fire. In May 1470, Eric II invaded the Neumark and started looting. In the meantime, Emperor Frederick III acknowledged the claims of Brandenburg. The emperor enfeoffed Frederick II with Pomerania-Stettin and ordered Eric II and Wartislaw X to recognise Frederick as their liege lord. Duke Henry IV of Mecklenburg mediated, and at the end of May 1472, a lasting peace treaty was signed at Prenzlau. The Dukes and the Estates of Pomerania had to pay homage to the Frederick II, who was also allowed to keep the territories he had conquered.
The Dukes retained a number of law professors from the University of Greifswald to review the peace treaty. Among them were Johannes Parleberg, Matthias von Wedel, Sabel Siegfried the Younger, Hermann Slupwachter, Johann Elzing, Heinrich Zankenstede, and Georg Walter. Gerwin Rönnegarwe and Hertnidt vom Stein also played a role.
Aftermath
The result of the conflict was unfavourable for Pomerania, despite their being allowed to retain Pomerania-Stettin, because it had to acknowledge Brandenburg's suzerainty. Bogislaw X managed to negotiate a more favourable peace for Pomerania in the Treaty of Pyritz of 1493. Brandenburg finally gave up its claim of suzerainty with the Treaty of Grimnitz in 1529. In return, the Dukes of Pomerania had to grant the succession to the Electorate of Brandenburg, in case the House of Pomerania were to die out.
References
Hans Branig: Geschichte Pommerns. Teil. 1. Vom Werden des neuzeitlichen Staates bis zum Verlust der staatlichen Selbständigkeit 1300–1648., in: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern, series V, vol. 22/I, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna, 1997, , p. 56–60.
Martin Wehrmann: Geschichte von Pommern, vol. I: Bis zur Reformation (1523), 2nd ed., Verlag Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1919–21, reprinted: Augsburg, 1992, , p. 211–224.
Footnotes
Duchy of Pomerania
Margraviate of Brandenburg
Stettin
1460s in the Holy Roman Empire
1460s conflicts
Wars involving Brandenburg
History of Pomerania
History of Szczecin |
Not Without My Husband (German title: Nicht ohne meinen Mann) is a book written by Justine Harun-Mahdavi. The book is the memoir of Justine and her life as a German woman with her Persian (Iranian) husband, Masoud Harun-Mahdavi, in Iran before and after the 1979 Iranian Revolution. It responds to the negative account of Iran in Betty Mahmoody's bestselling 1987 memoir, Not Without My Daughter.
About the author
Justine Harun-Mahdavi (Haas, born 11 June 1945 in Morbach, Germany) is a German woman who lived in Iran between 1968 and 1979, and is the writer of the Not Without My Husband.
Not Without My Husband is a memoir which describes her life with her Persian (Iranian) husband Massoud Harun-Mahdavi and two children in Iran. The book offers a direct view of the Iranian society as seen by a Westerner.
Justine moved to Iran 1968 and lived with her husband Massoud Harun-Mahdavi and two children in different cities (mainly in Kerman, Mashhad and Tehran) for more than 11 years. Her husband Masoud was in different political positions. He was twice the mayor of the holy city of Mashhad. He also was once mayor of the capital city, Tehran. Due to his popularity among the people, he was even a member of the new government during the first months of the Islamic Republic. But he soon understood that the theocratic regime was not on path to bring democracy and freedom to the Iranian people. So Justine and her family left Iran in September 1979. Her husband is an active and well known member of the democratic Iranian opposition called Jebhe Melli. She visited Iran together with her daughter and son again in 2000. Justine today lives in a town close to Munich in Germany. In Not Without My Husband, Justine pleads for freedom and democracy in Iran and for tolerance towards all nations, religions and cultures in the world.
See also
Persian culture
Without My Daughter
References
External links
Not Without My Husband (Deutsche Welle: in Persian)
Nicht ohne meinen Mann. Zeitgeschichte auf Persisch
Nicht ohne meinen Mann. Erinnerungen einer deutschen Frau an ihre Zeit im Iran
Feminist books |
```html
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<h4 class="subsection">3.10.1 Misnesting</h4>
<p>When a macro is called with arguments, the arguments are substituted
into the macro body and the result is checked, together with the rest of
the input file, for more macro calls. It is possible to piece together
a macro call coming partially from the macro body and partially from the
arguments. For example,
<pre class="smallexample"> #define twice(x) (2*(x))
#define call_with_1(x) x(1)
call_with_1 (twice)
==> twice(1)
==> (2*(1))
</pre>
<p>Macro definitions do not have to have balanced parentheses. By writing
an unbalanced open parenthesis in a macro body, it is possible to create
a macro call that begins inside the macro body but ends outside of it.
For example,
<pre class="smallexample"> #define strange(file) fprintf (file, "%s %d",
...
strange(stderr) p, 35)
==> fprintf (stderr, "%s %d", p, 35)
</pre>
<p>The ability to piece together a macro call can be useful, but the use of
unbalanced open parentheses in a macro body is just confusing, and
should be avoided.
</body></html>
``` |
Michelstadt () in the Odenwald is a town in the Odenwaldkreis (district) in southern Hesse, Germany between Darmstadt and Heidelberg. It has a population of 28,629 people.
Geography
Location
Michelstadt is the biggest town in the Odenwaldkreis and borders on the district seat of Erbach.
Neighbouring municipalities
Michelstadt borders in the north on the municipality of Brombachtal, the town of Bad König and the municipality of Lützelbach, in the east on the town of Klingenberg, the market municipalities of Laudenbach and Kleinheubach, the town of Miltenberg, the market municipality of Weilbach, the town of Amorbach and the market municipality of Kirchzell (all seven in Miltenberg district in Bavaria), in the south on the town of Erbach, and in the west on the municipalities of Mossautal and Reichelsheim.
Constituent communities
Michelstadt's Stadtteile, besides the main town, also called Michelstadt, are Rehbach, Steinbach, Steinbuch, Stockheim, Vielbrunn, Weiten-Gesäß and Würzberg.
History
The first documentary mention of Michelstadt is from 741, noted by Carloman, who was Charlemagne’s uncle and Mayor of the Palace.<ref>Dictionary of Literary Biography, volume 148, German Writers and Works of the Early Middle Ages: 800–1170, edited by James Hardin and Will Hasty, 1994, pp. 27–31.</ref>
Michelstadt is one of the oldest settlements in the inner Odenwald. Its castle grew out of a Frankish baronial estate. This was built into a refuge for the local inhabitants. As a royal estate, Prince Carloman donated it in 741 to Saint Boniface’s pupil Burchard, the first Bishop of Würzburg. This donation was apparently meant for Bishop Burchard personally, for the Michelnstat area passed back to the Frankish Crown upon Burchard’s death in 791.
In 815, the Michlinstat area was donated once again. In recognition of his great merit as confidant at Charlemagne’s court, Einhard acquired the main town and all land within two leagues (roughly 15 km) from Charlemagne’s son, Louis the Pious, as a freehold. Einhard also built the Einhardsbasilika. In 819, he bequeathed his Odenwald holdings to Lorsch Abbey and in so doing precisely defined the boundaries of the Mark Michelstadt. Upon Einhard’s death on 14 March 840, the monastery came into its inheritance.
In the 17th century, the first houses outside the town wall were built. In 1773, a new town gate was built, called the Neutor (“New Gate”). In the 19th century, the gate towers were all torn down one after the other.
In 1806, Michelstadt, as within the County of Erbach, passed to the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
The building of the railway line and its completion through to Darmstadt in 1870 and then Eberbach in 1881 brought Michelstadt a sharp economic upswing. Out of what was once a small farming community grew a sizeable town with important industrial operations on the foundation of the centuries-old ironworking. A new economic era began. From the clothweavers’ and dyers’ guild grew a cloth factory; from foundries grew machine factories. Ivory carving was a starting point for businesses in the souvenir industry and plastics processing.
In 1962, the town hosted the second Hessentag state festival.
In 2007, a decision to merge the town with the neighbouring town of Erbach was thwarted by a civic vote.
Governance
The municipal elections held 2006 and 2016 yielded the following results:
Mayor
List of elected mayors of Michelstadt:
1997–2009: Reinhold Ruhr
2009–2021: Stephan Kelbert
2021–incumbent: Tobias Robischon
Town partnerships
Rumilly, Haute-Savoie, France
Hulst, Zeelandic Flanders, Netherlands
Coat of arms
The town's arms might be described as per fess azure two mullets.
Michelstadt was granted these arms in 1541 along with its new seal by Count Georg of Erbach. The diapering in the lower half of the escutcheon is unhistoric, and only appeared in the 17th century. Indeed, the escutcheon on the Town Hall, pictured in this article, does not show it. The mullets (six-pointed star shapes) come from the Counts' arms, but why the parting per fess (horizontal division across the middle) was chosen is a mystery. Except for diapering, the arms have not changed since the 16th century.
Economy
Notable companies
Mühlhäuser, a manufacturer of railbound and trackless tunnel construction equipment.
Arts and culture
Theatre Kleinkunstbühne Patat (cabaret)Michelstädter Theatersommer, yearly open-air plays in the historic KellereihofTheaterkarren e.V. Odenwald, since 1998 regular events with changing groups and producers
Museums Odenwald- und Spielzeug-Museum (Odenwald and toys)Museumsmühle Michelstadt – historic mill from 1420Landesrabbiner Dr. l. E. Lichtigfeld-Museum (State Rabbi Lichtigfeld)Privates Elfenbeinmuseum Ulrich Seidenberg (private ivory museum)Motorrad-Museum (motorcycles)
Buildings
Michelstadt's Old Town features many timber-frame houses. Particularly worthy of mention are the following buildings, some within the old town, others in the surrounding countryside: The historic Town Hall, the Diebsturm ("Thief's Tower") at the town wall, the Kellereihof (a Frankish, early mediaeval castle complex refurbished in an early Renaissance style) in the town wall ring, the late Gothic town church (late 13th century), the Einhards-Basilika, the palace of the Counts at Erbach-Fürstenau (Schloss Fürstenau, within which are parts of an old moated castle in Michelstadt-Steinbach), Jagdschloss Eulbach with an English landscape garden and a Roman bath and castra, formerly part of the Neckar-Odenwald Limes.
Historic Town Hall
Michelstadt's timber-frame town hall, whose image was used on a Deutsche Post stamp, was built in 1484 in the late Gothic style and later remodelled on the inside many times; from 1743 to 1903 it was covered in shakes. The town hall's main floor served from the beginning as a market hall, and was built using jettying. The back (east) wall was originally part of the graveyard wall, upon which the ground floor's upper bressumer was laid. To this day it is unknown who the master builder was, although it is assumed that the driving force behind the project could have been Schenk Adolar von Erbach and Bishop Johann von Dalberg (his adviser).
Late Gothic town church
The town church, completed in 1490, was built to replace a Carolingian stone church by Einhard, itself built on the site of a former wooden church. The nave's columns and the two aisles' walls were built in 1475. The quire dates from 1461; the antechoir's north wall is even older – Carolingian. Until the 1970s, the church housed one of the most valuable libraries in Germany in its belltower containing more than a thousand volumes belonging to Michelstadt-born Nicolaus Matz, who was capitular in Speyer, and who bequeathed this collection to his hometown and its citizens in the late 14th century. Since the 1970s the library has been housed in a storehouse specially converted for it at the Michelstadt coaching inn that belonged to the Thurn und Taxis noble family, who played a key rôle in European postal services in the 16th century. The former church on this spot was built over a brook that comes up here, called the Kiliansfloß, an early Celtic-Germanic worship site and later a Roman Mithraic worship site. The thus channelled Kiliansfloß fed not only the baptismal font, but also all the town's fountains. The Kiliansfloß, however, does not actually rise here, but rather far outside the town. It then disappears into the ground not far from the graveyard, springing up again in the middle of town.
Einhard's Basilica in the outlying centre of Steinbach
The Einhards-Basilika was built by Einhard, Charlemagne's chronicler and confidant. The Carolingian church built between 824 and 827 is one of the very few Carolingian buildings that have survived largely intact. The Basilica's crypt once housed Saints Peter's and Marcellinus's relics, which had been stolen from Rome on Einhard's instructions by his notary Ratleik. His servants' nightmares and the remains' "sweating blood" there, however, made Einhard think that this arrangement did not feel right. He thus transferred himself, his wife, the relics and his seat to Ober-Mulinheim am Main, now known as Seligenstadt, which thereby became a pilgrimage site with a new, larger basilica.
The story that has been handed down says that the relics hidden from Rome were transported to Saint-Maurice-en-Valais, now in Switzerland, whence they were then brought to Michelstadt by a cheering pilgrimage procession.
The Basilica in Steinbach was converted, expanded, and rededicated many times and later served first as a hospital and then in the 17th century as a barn. Once it was rediscovered in 1873 as being Carolingian, the exploration and safeguarding of the parts of the basilica that were still intact began.
The Einhards-Basilika was until 1967 owned by the princely Counts of Erbach-Fürstenau. The grounds are now owned by the state of Hesse.
The castle of the Counts of Erbach-Fürstenau
The castle in the outlying centre of Steinbach was built by the Electorate of Mainz in the 14th century to protect the neighboring Steinbach Monastery and the surrounding estates against the Electoral Palatinate. The construction on feudal land of the lords of Erbach, who were fiefs of the counts palatine, led to complications that were first resolved with the granting of a fiefdom and later the pledging to Erbach. The castle was first mentioned in 1310. In 1317 Eberhard VI. of Erbach was mentioned as Burgmann to the count palatine. After the castle had initially been granted to Erbach as a Mainz fief, the lords of Erbach acquired Fürstenau in 1355 and finally in 1454.
The County of Erbach became an Imperial state within the Franconian Circle in 1532. Erbach-Breuberg partitioned from Erbach in 1647. In 1717 Erbach was divided into Erbach-Erbach, Erbach-Fürstenau, and Erbach-Schönberg (Schönberg near Bensheim). 1806 the counties were mediatised.
The palace complex is a series of building styles which includes remains of the old Electorate of Mainz border fortifications and moated castle (about 1300) on the north side to the Gothic works by the stonecutters who came from Strasbourg to Steinbach, to the gigantic Renaissance-style gateway arch (1588) between the moated castle's two western corner towers which replaced the castle wall and opened the gloomy, dank courtyard back up to the former castle garden, to the Renaissance palace mill, a former mint (today a run-of-the-river hydroelectric station), to the Baroque Kavaliershaus (a palace outbuilding for staff and guests) on the Mümling, to the Neoclassical residential wing, the Neues Palais (1810/11) and the late Baroque orangery in the palace park, which was built in the English style. The orangery's upper floor housed the small palace theatre.Schloss Fürstenau is still a dwelling, with the head of the house of the princely Counts of Erbach-Fürstenau and his family still living there. The former Electorate of Mainz defence facility lay on the property of the Schenk of Erbach (a forefather of the noble family, which at that time had not yet branched) and passed into his ownership in 1355. Public access to the ground and is possible by day. At the outer bailey with its gateway arch from 1765 some visual artists have taken up residence (in among other places the former stables from after 1765).
Roman bath and castra
Right near Würzberg, in the middle of a clearing are found the remains of the Roman Castrum of Würzberg, which was built about AD 100 as part of the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes, and was used for about 60 years before the border was shifted farther east. The castrum can only be made out by an earthen wall. The Roman bathhouse, on the other hand, which stands right next to the castrum, has been partially restored; the floors have been replaced and the wall has been built back up to a height of about a metre. Despite the bath's small size, which was only meant for the fort's 120-man garrison, the design of a Roman bathhouse is easily recognizable.
Not far from the outlying centre of Vielbrunn, in the area around the former hunting palace of the Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, traces of the Castrum of Hainhaus can still be found. Furthermore, on Michelstadt's eastern outskirts can be found the Castrum of Eulbach near the Eulbacher Park, a landscaped English park from the early 19th century with its hunting palace and an adjoining wildlife park.
Other structures
Würzberg Transmission Mast
ESOC-Bodenstation Michelstadt (disused satellite ground receiving station)
Regular events Michelstädter Bienenmarkt ("bee market") – Held each year at Whitsun, it was started by former mayor Hasenzahl in 1954.Musiknacht – Each year, various concert productions take place in the Old Town with many different kinds of music.
Church Consecration Festival with Weinbrunnenfest – From the Old Town's many fountains, wine is given out by the many wine cellars and businesses at the Weinbrunnenfest ("Wine Fountain Festival"), which is actually Michelstadt's traditional folk festival, at which all the town's countless fountains are decorated.
Michelstadt Christmas Market – this is still quite a new creation of the television-sponsored Stadtmarketing ("town marketing") of the late 1960s. The opening always takes place on the Friday before the onset of Advent. Michelstädter Theatersommer – since 2003 a yearly open-air theatrical festival, initiated by the Michelstadt "theatremakers" Alexander Kaffenberger and Dirk Daniel Zucht.
Infrastructure
Transport
In Michelstadt the two Bundesstraßen 45 and 47 intersect, both are old trade roads from Frankfurt am Main to Augsburg and from Worms to Würzburg respectively.
The town is served by a railway station on the Odenwaldbahn (RMV Line 65; Eberbach – Erbach – Michelstadt – Darmstadt – Frankfurt / Hanau). Regionalbahn, Stadtexpress and Regionalexpress trains of the VIAS GmbH stop here.
There is also the special landing facility Flugplatz Michelstadt (airfield), which lies roughly 2 km from the town and is run by a club.
Education
Stadtschule Michelstadt (primary school)
Schule am Hollerbusch (primary school)
Einhardschule (primary school in the outlying centre of Steinbach)
Grundschule Vielbrunn (primary school)
Theodor Litt Schule (Realschule and Hauptschule)
Gymnasium Michelstadt Odenwaldkreis Vocational Schools (including, among others, Berufsschule, Berufsfachschule and Berufliches Gymnasium, nowadays known as BSO – Europaschule.
Notable people
Rolf Beck (born 1945), music conductor
Dietrich Schenk von Erbach (d. 1459), Archbishop of Mainz (from 1434 to 1459)
Hartmut Barth-Engelbart (pen names include Carl Hanau and HaBE, (b. 1947), author, songwriter and graphic artist
Rebecca Horn (b. 1944), artist, film director
Fritz Kredel (b. 8 February 1900 in Michelstadt, d. 11 June 1973 in New York), artist and graphic designer
Gabriele von Lutzau (b. 1954), sculptor, lives and works in Michelstadt
Alfred Maul (1870–1942), engineer, considered the father of aerial reconnaissance
Dirk Mommertz (born 1974), pianist and chamber musician
Otto Rahn (1904–1939), writer, medievalist, Ariosophist, SS officer
Stefan Seeger (b. 1962), chemist, university professor and entrepreneur
Jessica Schwarz (b. 1977), moderator and actress
Carl Weyprecht (1838–1881), explorer
Seckel Löb Wormser (b. 1768 in Michelstadt, d. 1847 in Michelstadt), Kabbalist
Further reading
Wolfgang Hartmann: Zu den frühen urkundlichen Erwähnungen von Michelstadt im Odenwald. In: Der Odenwald 40 (1993), pp. 47–57. Online publication
Wolfgang Hartmann: Der Einhardweg von Michelstadt nach Seligenstadt. In: Odenwälder Jahrbuch für Kultur und Geschichte 1997, pp. 93–102. Online publication
Karl E. Grözinger, Der Ba'al Schem von Michelstadt. Ein deutsch-jüdisches Heiligenleben zwischen Legende und Wirklichkeit. Mit einem Neuabdruck der Legenden aus der Hand von Judaeus und Arthur Kahn'', Frankfurt / New York (Campus) 2010.
References
External links
Odenwaldkreis
Odenwald
Grand Duchy of Hesse |
Elim is a small village in west-central Anglesey, Wales, located around south-east of Llanddeusant and south-west of Llyn Alaw.
It is sited close to the Bedd Branwen ring cairn.
References
Villages in Anglesey
Tref Alaw |
This denomination is a Reformed denomination that has 4 Presbyteries and 1 Synod in Colombia. In 2004 it had 5,672 members and 15 congregations and 65 house fellowships served by 45 pastors. There's woman ordinations. The Apostles Creed, the Nicene Creed, Heidelberg Catechism and Westminster Confession are the officially recognised standards.
The Presbyterian Church of Colombia prohibits same sex/gender marriage. Its constitution defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman.
References
Presbyterian denominations in South America |
Sprengelia sprengelioides is a species of flowering plant of the family Ericaceae, and is endemic to near-coastal areas of eastern Australia. It is an erect shrub with egg-shaped leaves, and white flowers arranged singly in leaf axils.
Description
Sprengelia sprengelioides is an erect, glabrous shrub that typically grows to a height of and has wiry stems. The leaves are egg-shaped, long and wide with a small point on the end and minute teeth on the edges. The flowers are arranged singly in leaf axils, with egg-shaped bracts long at the base. The sepals are broad, green, egg-shaped, and long. The petals white, joined at the base to form a tube long with lobes long. Flowering occurs from June to September and the fruit is a capsule about in diameter.
Taxonomy
This species was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown who gave it the name Ponceletia sprengelioides in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. In 1917, George Claridge Druce changed the name to Sprengelia sprengelioides in the supplement to The Botanical Exchange Club and Society of the British Isles Report for 1916. The specific epithet (sprengelioides) means "Sprengelia-like". (This species was originally in the genus Ponceletia.)
Habitat and distribution
Sprengelia sprengelioides grows swampy heath, sometimes with Banksia robur or species of Xyris. It occurs in near-coastal areas of south-eastern Queensland, and south to the Sydney region of New South Wales.
References
Epacridoideae
sprengelioides
Ericales of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 1810
Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773) |
Leslie Allman (26 May 1902 – 21 March 1979) was a footballer. Allman, a goalkeeper spent the majority of his career in non-league football, but made 15 professional appearances for Norwich City from 1926 to 1928.
Sources
1902 births
1979 deaths
Norwich City F.C. players
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Place of birth missing |
Quxar Township or Hedong Township (, ) is a township of Guide County, in the east of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in eastern Qinghai province, China, located adjacent to and east of the county seat. , it has one residential community and 15 villages under its administration. In the 2020 National Census it has a population of 12,868.
References
Township-level divisions of Qinghai
Guide County |
Madison County Airport is a public airport located north of the central business district of London, a city in Madison County, Ohio, United States. It is owned by the Madison County Airport Authority.
Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Madison County Airport is assigned UYF by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.
Facilities and aircraft
Madison County Airport covers an area of which contains one runway designated 9/27 with a asphalt pavement.
For the 12-month period ending April 20, 2007, the airport had 41,410 aircraft operations, an average of 113 per day: 95% general aviation, 5% military and <1% air taxi.
Accidents and incidents
Two people were killed on April 18, 2023, when a 1977 Cessna 172N (N734GB) crashed just short of Runway 9/27.
References
External links
Airports in Ohio |
```python
"""
Test module for Shared PD.
"""
import unittest
import errno
import os
from tests.test_qpex import QpExRCRDMAWrite
from tests.base import RDMATestCase
from pyverbs.device import Context
from pyverbs.pd import PD
from pyverbs.mr import MR
import pyverbs.enums as e
import tests.utils as u
def get_import_res_class(base_class):
"""
This function creates a class that inherits base_class of any BaseResources
type. Its purpose is to behave exactly as base_class does, except for the
objects creation, which instead of creating context, PD and MR, it imports
them. Hence the returned class must be initialized with (cmd_fd, pd_handle,
mr_handle, mr_addr, **kwargs), while kwargs are the arguments needed
(if any) for base_class. In addition it has unimport_resources() method
which unimprot all the resources and closes the imported PD object.
:param base_class: The base resources class to inherit from
:return: ImportResources(cmd_fd, pd_handle, mr_handle, mr_addr, **kwargs)
class
"""
class ImportResources(base_class):
def __init__(self, cmd_fd, pd_handle, mr_handle, mr_addr=None, **kwargs):
self.cmd_fd = cmd_fd
self.pd_handle = pd_handle
self.mr_handle = mr_handle
self.mr_addr = mr_addr
super(ImportResources, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def create_context(self):
try:
self.ctx = Context(cmd_fd=self.cmd_fd)
except u.PyverbsRDMAError as ex:
if ex.error_code in [errno.EOPNOTSUPP, errno.EPROTONOSUPPORT]:
raise unittest.SkipTest('Importing a device is not supported')
raise ex
def create_pd(self):
self.pd = PD(self.ctx, handle=self.pd_handle)
def create_mr(self):
self.mr = MR(self.pd, handle=self.mr_handle, address=self.mr_addr)
def unimport_resources(self):
self.mr.unimport()
self.pd.unimport()
self.pd.close()
return ImportResources
class SharedPDTestCase(RDMATestCase):
def setUp(self):
super().setUp()
self.iters = 10
self.server_res = None
self.imported_res = []
def tearDown(self):
for res in self.imported_res:
res.unimport_resources()
super().tearDown()
def test_imported_rc_ex_rdma_write(self):
setup_params = {'dev_name': self.dev_name, 'ib_port': self.ib_port,
'gid_index': self.gid_index}
self.server_res = QpExRCRDMAWrite(**setup_params)
cmd_fd_dup = os.dup(self.server_res.ctx.cmd_fd)
import_cls = get_import_res_class(QpExRCRDMAWrite)
server_import = import_cls(
cmd_fd_dup, self.server_res.pd.handle, self.server_res.mr.handle,
# The imported MR's address is NULL, so using the address of the
# "main" MR object to be able to validate the message
self.server_res.mr.buf,
**setup_params)
self.imported_res.append(server_import)
client = QpExRCRDMAWrite(**setup_params)
client.pre_run(server_import.psns, server_import.qps_num)
server_import.pre_run(client.psns, client.qps_num)
client.rkey = server_import.mr.rkey
server_import.rkey = client.mr.rkey
client.raddr = server_import.mr.buf
server_import.raddr = client.mr.buf
u.rdma_traffic(client, server_import, self.iters, self.gid_index,
self.ib_port, send_op=e.IBV_WR_RDMA_WRITE, new_send=True)
``` |
Pedrão is a hypocorism of the name Pedro, meaning "Big Pedro" in Portuguese.
Notable people named Pedrão include:
Pedrão (footballer, born 1978), full name Christiano Florêncio da Silva, Brazilian footballer
Pedrão (footballer, born 1986), full name Pedro Luiz Barone, Brazilian football defender
Pedrão (footballer, born 1992), full name Pedro Henrique Dias de Amorim, Brazilian football centre-back
Pedrão (footballer, born 1997), full name Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Correia, Brazilian footballer
See also
Pedro (disambiguation)
Pedrinho |
Guindy railway station is one of the railway stations of the Chennai Beach–Chengalpattu section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Guindy, a suburb of Chennai. It is located at about 14 km from Chennai Beach terminus and is situated at NH 45 in Anna Salai, with an elevation of 12 m above sea level.
History
With the completion of track-lying work of the Chennai Beach–Tambaram section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network in March 1931, which began in 1928, the suburban services were started on 11 May 1931 between Beach and Tambaram, and the tracks were electrified on 15 November 1931, with the first MG EMU services running on 1.5 kV DC. The section was converted to 25 kV AC traction on 15 January 1967.
Gallery
See also
Chennai Suburban Railway
Railway stations in Chennai
References
External links
Guindy railway station on IndiaRailInfo.com
Local Train timings from/to Guindy
Railway stations in India opened in 1931
Stations of Chennai Suburban Railway
Railway stations in Chennai |
Trišćani is a village in the municipality of Prozor-Rama, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 38.
References
Populated places in Prozor-Rama |
Lake Evella Airport is an airport in Gapuwiyak, Northern Territory, Australia. In 2004 the airstrip was sealed. The airport received $293,904 for security updates in 2006.
Airlines and destinations
See also
List of airports in the Northern Territory
References
Airports in the Northern Territory |
The Labouchère system, also called the cancellation system or split martingale, is a gambling strategy used in roulette. The user of such a strategy decides before playing how much money they want to win, and writes down a list of positive numbers that sum to the predetermined amount. With each bet, the player stakes an amount equal to the sum of the first and last numbers on the list. If only one number remains, that number is the amount of the stake. If the bet is successful, the two amounts are removed from the list. If the bet is unsuccessful, the amount lost is appended to the end of the list. This process continues until either the list is completely crossed out, at which point the desired amount of money has been won, or until the player runs out of money to wager. The system is named for British politician and journalist Henry Labouchère, who originally devised the strategy.
Description of the gameplay
The theory behind this Labouchère system is that, because the player is crossing two numbers off of the list (win) for every number added (loss) the player can complete the list, (crossing out all numbers) thereby winning the desired amount even though the player does not need to win as much as expected for this to occur.
The Labouchère System is meant to be applied to even money Roulette propositions such as Even/Odd, Red/Black or 1–18/19–36. When any of these bets are made in the game of Roulette, a spin resulting in a "0" or "00" results in a loss, so even though the payout is even money, the odds are clearly not 50/50. The Labouchère System attempts to offset these odds.
If a player were to play any one of the above propositions, there are eighteen individual results which result in a win for that player and (for an American Roulette wheel) twenty individual results that result in a loss for that player. The player has an 18/38 chance of success betting any of the above propositions, which is around 47.37%.
Theoretically, because the player is cancelling out two numbers on the list for every win and adding only one number for every loss, the player needs to have his proposition come at least 33.34% to eventually complete the list. For example, if the list starts with seven numbers and the player wins five times and loses three (62.5% winning percentage) the list is completed and the player wins the desired amount, if the list starts with seven numbers and the player wins 43,600 times and loses 87,193 times (33.34% winning percentage) the list completes and the player wins.
A formula to understand this is as follows:
Where x = Number of wins
y = Number of losses
z = Numbers originally on the list
When
(y + z) / 2 ≤ x
The result is the list being completed.
Assuming a player bets nothing but black (red/black proposition) and black can be expected to hit 47.37% of the time, but the system only requires that it hit 33.34% of the time, it can be said that black only need hit approximately 70.38% of the time (33.34/47.37) it can generally be expected to in order for the system to prevail.
An obvious downfall to the system is bankroll, because the more losses sustained by the player, the greater the amount being bet on each turn (as well as the greater the amount lost overall) is. Consider the following list:
10
10
20
20
20
10
10
If a player were to bet black and lose four times in a row, the amounts bet would be: $20, $30, $40, and $50. By taking these four consecutive losses, the player has already lost $140 and is betting $60 more on the next bet. Consecutive losses, or an inordinate number of losses to wins can also cause table limits to come into play.
Occasionally, a player following this system will come to a point where he can no longer make the next bet as demanded by the system due to table limits. One work-around for this problem is simply to move to a higher limit table, or a player can take the next number that should be bet, divide it by two and simply add it to the list twice. The problem with the latter option is that every time a player commits such a play, it will infinitesimally increase the percentage of spins a player must win to complete the system. The reason this is so is because the player is adding two numbers (which both will be crossed out in the event of wins) where only one loss was sustained.
To prove this, if a player were to play the Labouchère system the same way with the exception being that the player always added half of the wager lost to the bottom of the list twice for every wager lost where:
x = Number of wins
y = Number of losses
z = Numbers originally on the list
When:
y + (z / 2) ≤ x
The result is the list being completed.
The player would actually have to win in excess of 50% of the time (the actual percentage of wins necessary, given and , being dependent on ) in order to complete the list, or more than the player could actually be expected to win.
Algorithm
The algorithm for the Labouchère system can be considered a Las Vegas algorithm since the amount of money a player desires to win will always be a predetermined amount. However, there is no guarantee that the player will reach the desired goal before the bankroll is lost. This is referred to as risk of ruin. For instance, consider the recursive implementation of a round of Labouchère betting in Python.
def gamble(sequence, balance):
"""Labouchère betting."""
# Won
if len(sequence) < 1:
return balance
# If the sequence is of length 1, the bet is the number in the sequence.
# Otherwise, it is the first number added to the last number.
if len(sequence) == 1:
bet = sequence[0]
else:
bet = sequence[0] + sequence[-1]
# Lost the entire round
if bet > balance:
return balance
won = flip_coin()
if won:
# Won
return gamble(sequence[1:-1], balance + bet)
else:
# Lost bet
return gamble(sequence + [bet], balance - bet)
The recursion of the algorithm terminates when the sequence is empty or when the player possesses insufficient funds to continue betting. When the function is called, the size of the bet made is equal to the sum of the first and last numbers of the sequence. If the length of the sequence is one, then the bet is equal to the sole member of the sequence. If the bet is won, then the first and last members are spliced from the sequence and the next round begins. However, if the bet results in a loss, then an integer equal the size of the lost bet is appended to the sequence and the next round begins. As determined by the parameters for termination of recursion, the only cases in which the algorithm will terminate are those in which the player has either won an amount equal to the summation of the original sequence or has lost all of their available capital.
Reverse Labouchère
The Labouchère system can also be played as a positive progression betting system; this is known as playing the reverse Labouchère. In this version after a win, instead of deleting numbers from the line, the player adds the previous bet amount to the end of the line. You continue building up your Labouchère line until you hit the table maximum. After a loss, the player deletes the outside numbers and continues working on the shorter line. The player starts their line again if they run out of numbers to bet.
The Reverse Labouchère system is often used because where the Labouchère list represents how much the player wants to win, a reverse Labouchère line represents the most that the player will lose during the betting cycle. It is with this that a player with a bankroll of can create their own line, or lines, representative of the maximum amount that they can sustain in losses.
Additionally, a player does not necessarily have to continue the system until the table limit is met or exceeded, but could instead pick a single bet that the player does not wish to exceed and make that bet their own personal limit. By using this strategy to make a profit, you will only need 33% of winning bets to lock in a profit. In order to make a profit, you need a huge bankroll.
Unlike the Labouchère system which (when adhered to strictly) requires a winning percentage of at least 33.34% to complete, the winning percentage needed to complete a Reverse Labouchère line is going to be dependent on both the table limit (or the maximum single bet a player is willing to make) as well as the numbers on the initial line in relation to the table limit.
For example, if a table had a limit of $500 and a player composed a Reverse Labouchère line as follows:
50, 50, 50, 50, 50
Nine consecutive wins (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500) would cause the next bet in the system to exceed the table limit, and thus the line would be completed with a player profit of $2,700.
In contrast, if a player composed a Reverse Labouchère line such as:
25, 25, 25, 25, 25
Nineteen consecutive wins (50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, 375, 400, 425, 450, 475, 500) would cause the next bet in the system to exceed the table limit, thus the line would be completed with a player profit of $5,225.
The length of the line in the Reverse Labouchère system is also important as it relates to the percentage of wins necessary to complete the system. For example, if a line of:
50, 50, 50, 50, 50
suffers three consecutive losses as soon as the system begins, then the line is completed and a new line must be started, or the player may choose to quit.
In contrast, if a line of:
50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50
suffers three consecutive losses, then there are still six numbers remaining on the list. In the line immediately above, it would take an opening streak of six consecutive losses for the line to be completed.
All other things remaining the same, the longer a player's line, the more the player is risking losing. However, the longer the player's line, the better winning percentage the casino need have in order to break the player's line.
Advocates of this system point out that when a player uses the Labouchère System, where a streak in the casino's favor, or many mini-streaks in the casino's favor, will cause the player to sustain a huge loss, a single streak, or a few streaks in the player's favor using the Reverse Labouchère system will cause the player to have a huge gain.
A formula that can be used to determine how this system could fail is as follows:
Where:
x = Number of wins
y = Number of losses
z = Numbers on original list
When:
x + z ≤ y * 2
The system has failed, and all numbers on the line are crossed completely out.
Given an infinite line, the Labouchère System when played by the player requires a winning percentage of at least 33.34% to complete. In contrast, for the Reverse Labouchère to fail requires only that the player lose 33.34% of the time.
Once again, the winning percentage necessary for the system completing to success depends upon a number of variables.
Using Labouchere can make the game less exciting, but it can be useful for short-term goals if you are not experiencing long losing streaks.
References
Roulette and wheel games
Betting systems
fr:Martingale#La Labouchère |
Boneh-ye Abbas (, also Romanized as Boneh-ye ‘Abbās; also known as Boneh-ye ‘Abbāsī) is a village in Shabankareh Rural District, Shabankareh District, Dashtestan County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 103, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Dashtestan County |
Personal Demons may refer to:
Novels
Personal Demon, a 2008 fantasy novel by Kelley Armstrong
Personal Demons (Desrochers novel), a 2010 YA fantasy novel by Lisa Desrochers
Television
"Personal Demons" (The Twilight Zone), a 1986 segment of episode 18 of The Twilight Zone |
Lignerolles () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Tourouvre au Perche.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
Bison Licking Insect Bite is a prehistoric carving from the Upper Paleolithic, found at Abri de la Madeleine near Tursac in Dordogne, France, the type-site of the Magdalenian culture, which produced many fine small carvings in antler or bone.
Created sometime between 400,000 and 120,000 BP (15,000 BP according to the museum), it was formerly in the Musee des Antiquites Nationales, St. Germain-en-Laye, but has been transferred to the expanded National Museum of Prehistory in Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil that opened in 2004, not far from its findspot. It is a carved and engraved fragment of a spear-thrower made of reindeer antler. It depicts the 10.5 cm figure of a bison, of the now extinct species steppe wisent (Bison priscus) with its head turned around and showing its tongue extended. It is thought the spear-thrower was broken into roughly its present shape before the carving was made from the fragment, hence the need to show the turned-back head of the animal in order to fit the existing structure.
See also
List of Stone Age art
References
External links
Bison Licking Insect Bite
Archaeological discoveries in France
Prehistoric art
Art of the Upper Paleolithic
Bison in art
Bone carvings |
Estrellas del Caos is a 2006 album, of the Venezuelan Ska band Desorden Público. It includes seventeen tracks.
Track listing
El caos en clave / Presentación
Hardcore Mambo
Hipnosis
No vale la pena
Antarjami
Espiritual
El Tren de la vida
Pegajoso
Crack
San Antonio
Baila mi cha cha ska
Uma Vacina
Sepulturero
Política criminal
Monkey ska
La Mona cumbita
Ella me espera
See also
Venezuela
Venezuelan music
Desorden Público
References
Estrellas del caos at Sincopa, The Guide to Venezuelan Music
2006 albums
Desorden Público albums |
Łapy-Szołajdy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łapy, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
References
Villages in Białystok County |
Emergency Landing () is a 1952 Norwegian war film directed by Arne Skouen. It was entered into the 1952 Cannes Film Festival. The film depicts the Norwegian resistance attempting to hide shot-down American aviators from the German occupation forces.
Plot
An American bomber is shot down on the Norwegian coast during World War II. The airmen bail out and land at different locations. In spite of the German search for them, the Norwegian resistance picks them up and hides them in the attic of the local church, a center of operations. Things become tense, however, when the hideout is spotted by a notorious collaborator, and soon the protagonist, Hans (Henki Kolstad), has to get the airmen to Sweden.
Cast
Henki Kolstad - Hans
Jack Kennedy - Eddie, captain
Randi Kolstad - Kristin
Bjarne Andersen - Stråmannen
Jens Bolling - Knut
Einar Vaage - Edvartsen, churchwarden
Samuel Matlowsky - Leo, sergeant
Lee Payant - Fiorello, 2nd lt.
John Robbins - Don, sergeant
Lee Zimmer - Steve, sergeant
Chris Bugge - Mart, 1st lt.
Joachim Holst-Jensen - Willie, the vicar (as J. Holst Jensen)
References
External links
1952 films
1950s Norwegian-language films
Norwegian black-and-white films
Films about shot-down aviators
Films set in Norway
Films directed by Arne Skouen
Norwegian World War II films
1952 war films
Films about Norwegian resistance movement |
Sucker Brook is a river located in Seneca County, New York. It flows into Seneca River by Seneca Falls, New York.
References
Rivers of Seneca County, New York
Rivers of New York (state) |
The 2018 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 June during the 72nd session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections were for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2019.
In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:
One for Africa
One for the Asia-Pacific Group
One for Latin America and the Caribbean
Two for the Western European and Others Group
The five members will serve on the Security Council for the 2019–20 period.
In order of votes received, Germany and Belgium were elected in the Western European and Others Group, the Dominican Republic in the Latin American and Caribbean Group, and South Africa and Indonesia in the African and Asia-Pacific Groups. In addition, the Dominican Republic was elected to the Security Council for the first time.
Candidates
African Group
Asia-Pacific Group
Latin American and Caribbean Group
Western European and Others Group
– Withdrew in May 2018
The only contested seat was the Asia-Pacific one, between Indonesia and Maldives.
Results
African and Asia-Pacific Groups
Latin American and Caribbean Group
Western European and Others Group
See also
List of members of the United Nations Security Council
Germany and the United Nations
Israel and the United Nations
Singapore and the United Nations
European Union and the United Nations
References
2018 elections
2018
Non-partisan elections |
Imogen Oona Lehmann (born 30 December 1989) is a Swiss-German curler. She is a member of the German national women's team. She is originally from Basel, Switzerland.
Oona Lehmann played her junior career in her native Switzerland. In 2009, she placed third at the Swiss junior women's championship. The following year, she was a member of the national junior championship team. She played third for the Swiss junior team at the 2010 World Junior Curling Championships. The team was skipped by Manuela Siegrist. They placed fourth. Later that year, Oona Lehmann moved to Germany.
Oona Lehmann played lead for the German team (skipped by Rainer Schöpp) that won a bronze medal at the 2010 European Mixed Curling Championship. After that, Oona Lehmann joined Schöpp's sister, Andrea's team at the third position.
Since joining the Andrea Schöpp rink, Oona Lehmann has two European Curling Championships (2010 & 2011) and two World Curling Championships (2011 & 2012).
External links
Living people
1989 births
Swiss female curlers
German female curlers
Sportspeople from Basel-Stadt |
Vedivaittakallu is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Northern Province.
See also
List of towns in Northern Province, Sri Lanka
External links
Populated places in Northern Province, Sri Lanka |
The Lyman C. Josephs House, also known as Louisiana, is a historic home at 438 Wolcott Avenue in Middletown, Rhode Island. Architect Clarence Luce designed the house, which was built in 1882, and is a well-preserved early example of the Shingle style. The house received architectural notice not long after its construction, but is more noted for its relatively modest size and lack of ostentation than the summer houses of nearby Newport. It was built for the Josephs family of Baltimore, Maryland.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Houses completed in 1882
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Middletown, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
Shingle Style houses
Shingle Style architecture in Rhode Island |
Dutluk is a village in the Taşova District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 119 (2021).
References
Villages in Taşova District |
Ischnura cervula, the Pacific forktail, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
The IUCN conservation status of Ischnura cervula is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018.
References
Further reading
External links
Ischnura
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1876 |
Engina zepa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pisaniidae.
Description
Distribution
This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar.
References
Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). Mollusques testaces marins de Madagascar. Faune des Colonies Francaises, Tome III
Pisaniidae
Gastropods described in 1883 |
The 2008–09 Northern Counties East Football League season was the 27th in the history of Northern Counties East Football League, a football competition in England.
Premier Division
The Premier Division featured 17 clubs which competed in the previous season, along with three new clubs.
Clubs promoted from Division One:
Dinnington Town
Hall Road Rangers
Plus:
Bridlington Town, relegated from the Northern Premier League
League table
Division One
Division One featured 13 clubs which competed in the previous season, along with six clubs:
Clubs joined from the Central Midlands League:
Appleby Frodingham
Askern Welfare, who also changed name to Askern Villa
Grimsby Borough
Clubs joined from the West Riding County League:
Brighouse Town
Hemsworth Miners Welfare
Plus:
Glasshoughton Welfare, relegated from the Premier Division
Also, Leeds Met Carnegie changed name to Leeds Carnegie.
League table
References
External links
Northern Counties East Football League
2008-09
9 |
Scorpia is a fictional character in the animated television series She-Ra: Princess of Power and She-Ra and the Princesses of Power. She is a member of The Horde. She appears to be part-human, part-scorpion. Instead of hands she possesses scorpion-like claws, which she uses to great effect when fighting with members of The Great Rebellion.
Media
Television
She-Ra: Princess of Power (1985)
Scorpia is a member of the Horde, who lives in the Crimson Waste. At Crimson Waste, she owns slaves, which suggests that she is a powerful figure on Etheria. At Crimson Waste, Scorpia's home is shaped like a huge scorpion. Within the home can be seen a throne, suggesting Scorpia has some kind of rule over a region of Etheria. Scorpia and Catra possess a fierce rivalry between them, only working together as a last resort. She possesses claw-like pincers instead of hands and a powerful tail which she can employ to capture members of the Rebellion. Her tail is at times a disadvantage to her as She-Ra uses it several times to hurl her out of the way. She is not the most intelligent member of the Horde and is easily fooled, which is evidenced on several occasions, most notably when she allows Bow to enter the secret factory of the Horde believing him to be a handsome inspector.
Scorpia is also the owner of the Crawler, a scorpion-shaped tank. One of the powers which the tank possesses is the ability to fire a sleep ray from its tail.
She-Ra and the Princesses of Power (2018–2020)
In the rebooted series, Scorpia is a Force Captain in the Horde, of nominally equal rank to Catra. Nonetheless, she usually winds up as Catra's sidekick in her attempts to get revenge on Adora or advance the Horde's agenda. However, unlike in the original series, Scorpia is not malevolent at all. She is also one of the Princesses of Power; however, her family, the original rulers of the Fright Zone, capitulated to Hordak and surrendered their Black Garnet runestone to him. Scorpia thus spends most of the series as a faithful member of the Horde.
As the series progresses, Scorpia became good friends with Entrapta while having romantic feelings towards Catra in wanting to help her while constantly making excuses for Catra's abusive behavior. Eventually, after standing by as Entrapta was sent to Beast Island during the 3rd season, Scorpia leaves the Horde after accepting Catra to be increasingly unstable and see the alliance's help in rescuing Entrapta. As a result, Scorpia ends up joining the Rebellion and established a connection to the Black Garnet, gaining electrical powers.
Other media
Scorpia appears in the Robot Chicken episode "Slaughterhouse on the Prairie", voiced by Eden Espinosa. She accompanies Catra and Entrapta into attacking Castle Bright Moon only for She-Ra to cut off her scorpion tail (which She-Ra used on Catra) and kill her.
Reception
The rebooted version of Scorpia has received very positive reviews from critics and audiences alike.
References
Princess of Power characters
Female soldier and warrior characters in television
Fictional humanoids
Fictional lesbians
Female characters in animated series
LGBT characters in animated television series
LGBT superheroes
LGBT supervillains
Fictional LGBT characters in television
Anthropomorphic arthropods
Masters of the Universe Evil Horde
Fictional arachnids
Television characters introduced in 1985
Film characters introduced in 1985
Scorpions in popular culture |
Zofia Moraczewska, née Gostkowska (4 July 1873 – 16 November 1958) was a Polish politician and women's rights activist.
Life
Zofia Moraczewska was born of 4 July 1873 in Czernowitz, Duchy of Bukovina, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine) and graduated from the Teacher's Seminary in Lemberg, the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Lviv, Ukraine), in 1893. She married Jędrzej Moraczewski three years later and joined the Social Democratic Party of Galicia ( (GPS) or ) that same year. They had four children between 1901 and 1907, although the youngest did not survive infancy. Her husband was elected to the House of Deputies of the Imperial Council in 1907, representing Stryj (now Stryi, Ukraine), and became the first Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic for several months in 1918–19. Moraczewska was elected a member of the Sejm and was an editor for the Voice of Women (), the official newspaper of the Polish Socialist Party's (the renamed GPS) Women's Department from 1919 to 1927. One of her sons died in 1920 during the Polish–Soviet War, her husband in 1944 and her two surviving children were killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. She died on 16 November 1958 in her home in Sulejówek.
Activities
Once the couple settled in Stryj, Moraczewska founded the Women's Association (), which started a school for working women and several cooperatives. She joined the Women's League of Silezia and Galicia () in 1915, after the start of World War I.
Notes
References
1873 births
1958 deaths
Polish women's rights activists
Politicians from Chernivtsi
People from the Duchy of Bukovina
Polish Austro-Hungarians
Polish socialist feminists
20th-century Polish women politicians
Members of the Legislative Sejm of the Second Polish Republic
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935)
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta |
Waban (16041685) was a Native American of the Nipmuc group and was thought to be the first Native American convert to Christianity in Massachusetts.
Life
Waban was born about 1604. While there is no proof that he actually did so, it is believed that his conversion to Christianity came on October 28, 1646 (Julian calendar), when the missionary Reverend John Eliot preached his first sermon to Native Americans in their own language in Waban's large wigwam in Nonantum, Massachusetts, and Waban and many of his tribe listened but were later forced at gunpoint to move from their land.
Waban maintained close and friendly relations with the white settlers of Massachusetts and, in April 1675, reported to a New England magistrate that trouble was brewing amongst the Wampanoags. Within two months, Waban's predictions came to pass when a Wampanoag named Metacomet, known as "King Philip", led his nation in the initially successful King Philip's War. Metacomet's subsequent death in August 1676 signalled the end of the brief war, and the rebellion soon collapsed due to a lack of leadership. Nevertheless, Waban, falsely accused of being a conspirator, was imprisoned in October 1675. After a brief period of captivity, Waban was released in the spring of 1676 and returned to his settlement of Natick, Massachusetts.
Waban is often considered to be tribal chief of the Nonantum tribe, but this is a misnomer. According to John Eliot, Waban was actually "the chief minister of justice", not a "sachem", but the title "chief minister of justice" is not used by Native Americans. In reality, Waban did not hold an authoritative, political position within his own nation.
The exact date of Waban's death is not known, with it being reported as early as late 1676 or early 1677 and as late as when Rev. Daniel Takawambait wrote down and published the final words of Waban and several other Indians in a pamphlet entitled "Dying Speeches and Counsels Of such Indians as dyed in the Lord."
Namesakes
One of the villages of the city of Newton, Massachusetts, is named Waban, while Nonantum is another village in the city.
A lake in Wellesley, Massachusetts, partially on the grounds of Wellesley College, is named Lake Waban.
Waban Hill is a geologic feature in the village of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, in the eastern part of Newton, Massachusetts.
One U.S. Navy ship, USS Waban, a steamer in commission from 1898 to 1919, has been named for Waban, and kept the name (as SS Waban) while in post-Navy mercantile service from 1919 to 1924.
See also
Praying Indian
Waban (MBTA station)
Waban, Massachusetts
USS Waban (1880)
Notes
References
Jennings, Francis. The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism and the Cant of Conquest. New York: W.W. Norton, 1975.
Tinker, George (Tink). Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993.
U.S. Naval Historical Center, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships: USS Waban (ship namesake information)
External links
Praying Indians
Waban, the Wind, by Arthur M. Southwick
Converts to Protestantism from pagan religions
Native American leaders
Newton, Massachusetts
People of colonial Massachusetts
1600s births
1680s deaths
People from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Massachusett people
Native American history of Massachusetts
Native American people from Massachusetts |
WSNL (600 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Flint, Michigan. It is owned by the Christian Broadcasting System and broadcasts a Christian talk and teaching radio format. The studios and offices are on Saginaw Street in Flint.
By day, WSNL is powered at 440 watts. At night, power is reduced to 250 watts. It uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array. The transmitter is on Morrish Road at Grand Blanc Road in Swartz Creek, Michigan. Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator W293CA at 106.5 MHz in Flint.
Programming
WSNL carries brokered programming, where hosts buy time on the station and may use their programs to seek donations to their ministries. National religious leaders heard on WSNL include David Jeremiah, Charles Stanley, Jim Daly, Joyce Meyer and John MacArthur.
On weekday afternoons, WSNL carries the family finances program The Ramsey Show with Dave Ramsey. Weekday evenings, it airs conservative political talk from Bill O'Reilly. Some hours on weekends, WSNL plays Christian contemporary music and Southern Gospel music.
History
NBC programming
The station first signed on the air on . The original call sign was WFLM, standing for FLint, Michigan. The station was purchased in December 1946 by George W. Trendle and H. Allen Campbell, who changed the call letters to WTCB and made the station into Flint's NBC Red Network affiliate. WTCB carried NBC's dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas, game shows and big band broadcasts during the "Golden Age of Radio."
The call sign changed to WTAC October 13, 1948. It was still under Trendle and Campbell's ownership. WTAC popularly stood for "The Auto City", referring to Chevrolet and Buick plants formerly located in Flint, but the call letters actually stood for Trendle and Campbell.
Top 40
Trendle and Campbell sold WTAC to a Hawaii-based group in 1954. Under the ownership of Radio Hawaii, Inc., WTAC shed its NBC affiliation to become one of Michigan's first Top 40 music stations in 1956. Its original program director was Mike Joseph, who would launch the legendary WKNR "Keener 13" in Detroit in 1963 and later went on to create the Hot Hits format in the early 1970s.
J.P. McCarthy, later an institution in morning drive time radio for decades at 760 WJR Detroit, was WTAC's original Top 40 nighttime disc jockey in 1956. The station was also owned for a time by the Chess brothers, who owned and operated Chess Records. Chess sold the station in 1961 to a Philadelphia group that included Gene Milner who became manager of the station.
During WTAC run as a Top 40 rock station, WTAC's engineer was Robert "Bob" Garner, who said he hated rock music except for Chuck Berry's "My Ding-a-Ling." In its final years as a Top 40, WTAC helped introduce the Australian heavy metal band AC/DC to American audiences.
Country music and Christian radio
"The Big 600" flourished as a Top 40 contemporary station during the 1960s and 1970s. But by the 1980s, most listeners to contemporary music had switched to FM stations. WTAC flipped to a full service, country music format in 1981. The country sound lasted more than a decade, but again, country listeners began to tune to FM stations for their music.
During the early and mid-1990s, WTAC operated as a Contemporary Christian music station. The WTAC call letters are now used on Smile FM's 89.7 FM signal in the Flint area. Christian Broadcasting System purchased the station in 1997 and installed the current WSNL call sign and its Christian talk and teaching format. In the 2010s, WSNL added an FM translator station at 106.5 MHz, for listeners who prefer FM radio.
The station had been based in Grand Blanc Township for much of its early history. Its studios were located near the corner of Hill and Center Roads for decades until moving to South Saginaw Street in 2003.
Translator
References
Sources
Michiguide.com - WSNL History
External links
Official site
SNL-AM
Radio stations established in 1946
1946 establishments in Michigan
SNL |
Nor Rashidah binti Ramli is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Parit Raja since May 2018. She is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the ruling BN coalition.
Election results
References
Living people
1979 births
People from Batu Pahat
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
United Malays National Organisation politicians
Women MLAs in Johor
21st-century Malaysian politicians
Members of the Johor State Legislative Assembly
21st-century Malaysian women politicians |
The Battle of Helena was an American Civil War battle in 1863.
Battle of Helena may also refer to several conflicts:
Battle of Helena (431)
Battle of Lena (1208)
Battle of Helena (1863)
Battle of Elena (1877) |
The Triple Crown refers to winning the three most prestigious tournaments in the Professional Darts Corporation: the World Championship, Premier League Darts, and the World Matchplay. Players who win all three tournaments over the course of their career are said to have won the PDC Triple Crown.
Three professional players have won a career PDC Triple Crown: Phil Taylor, Michael van Gerwen, and Gary Anderson. Taylor has won the most Triple Crown titles, with 36, while van Gerwen has won 13 and Anderson 5. Only Taylor has won all three Triple Crown events in a single season, accomplishing this feat twice (in 2006 and 2010).
History
In 1994, the World Championship was held for the first time, with Dennis Priestley winning the first PDC Triple Crown event, the only such win of his career. Larry Butler became the first winner of the World Matchplay that same year, and this also the only Triple Crown event he won.
In 2005, the first Premier League was held, with 7 players taking part. The event was won by Phil Taylor, who became the first player to win a career PDC Triple Crown in the process.
Career Triple Crown winners
Three players have completed a career Triple Crown: Phil Taylor, Michael van Gerwen, and Gary Anderson. Only Taylor has won all three Triple Crown events in the same year, a feat he achieved twice, in 2006 and 2010. After winning the World Championship in 2017, van Gerwen held all 3 Triple Crown titles simultaneously (having won both the Premier League and the Matchplay in 2016).
Other tournament winners
One win away from Triple Crown
James Wade has won the Premier League and World Matchplay once each, meaning he needs to win the World Championship to complete the Triple Crown. Peter Wright is yet to win the Premier League, but does have two World Championship titles and a Matchplay title to his name. With three Triple Crown competition wins, he has the highest number of Triple Crown titles of any player who has not completed the set. Rob Cross also needs to win the Premier League to complete the Triple Crown having won the World Championship in 2018 and World Matchplay in 2019.
Raymond van Barneveld has won the Premier League and World Championship once each, and needs to win a Matchplay to complete the set.
Wright, van Barneveld and Cross have all reached the final of their respective missing Triple Crown tournaments, whereas James Wade is a four-time World Championship semi-finalist.
Won at least 1 Triple Crown Title
As of 2023, five players have won the World Championship and neither of the other two Triple Crown events: Adrian Lewis (2011 and 2012), John Part (2003 and 2008), Dennis Priestley (1994), Gerwyn Price (2021) and Michael Smith (2023). Rod Harrington has won two Triple Crown titles, both at the World Matchplay (1998 and 1999).
Larry Butler (1994), Peter Evison (1996), Colin Lloyd (2005), Dimitri Van den Bergh (2020) and Nathan Aspinall (2023) have each won one Triple Crown title, the World Matchplay. Glen Durrant (2020) and Johnny Clayton (2021) won their only Triple Crown title, to date, in the Premier League.
Complete Table:
References
Professional Darts Corporation tournaments
World Matchplay (darts)
Premier League Darts
Darts tournaments |
Konstantin Pavlovich Pyadyshev (; December 1890 – 15 June 1944) was a Red Army lieutenant general who held corps command in the Winter War and senior command in World War II.
Early life, World War I and Russian Civil War
Konstantin Pavlovich Pyadyshev was born in December 1890 in Saint Petersburg, the son of a white-collar employee. He graduated from a realschule and passed the examination for praporshchik of the reserve in 1910. When World War I began, he was called up for active service. Pyadyshev served as a company commander, regimental adjutant, and senior adjutant for the Operations Section of the staff of an infantry division. He was wounded three times, rising to the rank of staff captain.
Pyadyshev joined the Red Army in December 1918 during the Russian Civil War. He served as assistant chief of staff and chief of staff of the 1st Petrograd Special Purpose Rifle Brigade, commanding the 2nd (later 164th) Brigade of the 55th Rifle Division and the 61st Brigade of the 21st Rifle Division. For his performance commanding the 164th Brigade, Pyadyshev received the Order of the Red Banner on 3 November 1920. The citation read:Commander of the 164th Rifle Brigade of the 55th Rifle Division Comrade Konstantin Pavlovich Pyadyshev, during the attack on an enemy fortified position personally led units of the brigade under enemy rifle, machine gun and artillery fire. Rousing his comrades, he took the enemy fortified position with a daring charge, giving the opportunity for our cavalry to break through into the enemy rear and develop the general success. Always cool and decisive in battle, Comrade Pyadyshev precisely and accurately fulfilled all combat objectives entrusted to him, giving the opportunity for the 2nd Cossack Cavalry Corps to boldly advance on the enemy, not afraid of any incidents. At the end of the war, Pyadyshev rose to command the 21st Rifle Division between October 1920 and April 1921.
Interwar period and Winter War
Pyadyshev was appointed commander of the 10th Rifle Division in June 1922, and graduated from the Higher Academic Courses at the Military Academy of the Red Army in 1924, returning to command the division. In May 1931 he transferred to the serve as chief of staff of the military training institutions of the Leningrad Military District. In May 1934 he became chief of staff of the Red Army Military Electrical Engineering Academy. In February 1936 he took command of the 90th Rifle Division, and in March 1937 rose to deputy chief of staff of the Leningrad Military District.
During the Winter War, Pyadyshev served as deputy commander of the 7th Army and deputy commander of the Leningrad Military District. In February 1940 he became commander of the 34th Rifle Corps. After the end of the war, he commanded the 8th Army from June. In July he became deputy chief of the Red Army Combat Training Directorate, and returned to the post of deputy commander of the Leningrad Military District in May 1941.
Eastern Front
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Leningrad Military District was reorganized as the Northern Front, with Pyadyshev continuing as deputy commander. He was given command of the Luga Operational Group in July. Pyadyshev was arrested on 22 July. He was sentenced by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union to ten years of imprisonment in a Gulag camp, charged with conducting anti-Soviet agitation. He died in a camp on 15 June 1944, and was posthumously rehabilitated on 28 January 1958.
Awards
Pyadyshev was a recipient of the following awards:
Order of Lenin (1940)
Order of the Red Banner (1920, 1923, 1940)
References
Citations
Bibliography
1890 births
1944 deaths
Soviet lieutenant generals
Military personnel from Saint Petersburg
Russian military personnel of World War I
Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
Soviet military personnel of the Winter War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
People who died in the Gulag |
Griveaudia charlesi is a species of moth of the family Callidulidae. It is found in western Madagascar.
References
Callidulidae
Moths of Madagascar
Moths of Africa
Moths described in 1968 |
St Joseph's High School () is a private Catholic secondary school, located in Dili, Timor Leste. The school was founded by the Catholic Diocese of Díli in 1983–84, when East Timor was still part of Indonesia. In 1993 the school was entrusted to the Society of Jesus, with a ten-year commitment.
In 2011, the Bishop of the Diocese of Dili resumed its direction. Some 50 students are seminarians, planning to become priests.
History
The history of the school begins with an initiative by the Indonesian government of occupation, to enlist the support of Catholic traditionalists groups in Timor, so that, by allowing the founding of a school, it opens a channel of dialogue with the main support group for the insurgent organizations CNRM and FRETILIN.
Foundation
The Indonesian Government then allowed the creation of an educational institution by the name Catholic School of Middle Education (SPGK; in indonesian: Sekolah Pendidikan Guru Katolik) in 1979, in response to international criticism of the severe repression of civilians and the destruction of the Timorese educational system. The school was born to disseminate the principles of pancasila, which was strongly supported by religion.
In 1983 the school started to be tutored only by the São Paulo Educational Foundation of the Diocese of Díli, adopting the name St. Joseph the Worker School (in portuguese: Externato de São José Operário), for the first time allowing the teaching of Portuguese, being the only school (with the exception of seminars Catholics) to teach the language during Indonesian rule.
Having been forced to close its doors in 1992, on charges of subversion, in 1993 Bishop Dom Ximenes Belo transferred the administration of the São José Day School to Society of Jesus, as a maneuver for the institution to return to work.
Jesuits at the school would be a mediating force during the independence war, but priests and religious along with two Jesuits were killed by the Indonesian militia. In 1995 the faculty consisted of three Jesuits along with Jesuit scholastics, occasionally some Franciscan sisters, and Indonesian Muslims, East Timorese Christians, and Hindus from Bali.
On August 26, 1999, in an impromptu assembly, Father Joseph Ageng Marwata announced that the São José Day School would be closed indefinitely due to "unexpected events". In October 1999, the School opened its doors to shelter refugees from the 1999 Timorese crisis, reaching 5000 people. In 1999 the school had 350 students and 42 teachers. After the crisis the school was reduced to 252 students and four teachers. In 2003 it had increased to 280 students with 10 full-time staff and 16 part-time teachers.
In 2000, reflecting the political change brought about by UNTAET's mandate, the school resumes its activities, however with a reduced number of students and teachers. With the return, the institution changes its name to St Joseph's High School or "St. Joseph the Worker Secondary School" (in portuguese: Escola Secundária São José Operário).
At a Children's Day symposium in 2007, students from the school told of the continuing efforts needed to secure the rights of children in the country. Through the Jesuit-run Sophia University the school has formed a sister-school relationship with Sophia Fukuoka Junior and Senior High School in Fukuoka City, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
In 2011, after 18 years under the administration of the Society of Jesus, the School is once again administered by the Diocese of Dili.
See also
Catholic Church in East Timor
List of Jesuit schools
References
External links
YouTube
Jesuit secondary schools in Asia
Educational institutions established in 1983
Schools in Dili
1983 establishments in Indonesia |
```javascript
import 'vtk.js/Sources/favicon';
// Load the rendering pieces we want to use (for both WebGL and WebGPU)
import 'vtk.js/Sources/Rendering/Profiles/Geometry';
import vtkActor from 'vtk.js/Sources/Rendering/Core/Actor';
import vtkFullScreenRenderWindow from 'vtk.js/Sources/Rendering/Misc/FullScreenRenderWindow';
import vtkMapper from 'vtk.js/Sources/Rendering/Core/Mapper';
import vtkSTLReader from 'vtk.js/Sources/IO/Geometry/STLReader';
// your_sha256_hash------------
// Example code
// your_sha256_hash------------
const reader = vtkSTLReader.newInstance();
const mapper = vtkMapper.newInstance({ scalarVisibility: false });
const actor = vtkActor.newInstance();
actor.setMapper(mapper);
mapper.setInputConnection(reader.getOutputPort());
// your_sha256_hash------------
function update() {
const fullScreenRenderer = vtkFullScreenRenderWindow.newInstance();
const renderer = fullScreenRenderer.getRenderer();
const renderWindow = fullScreenRenderer.getRenderWindow();
const resetCamera = renderer.resetCamera;
const render = renderWindow.render;
renderer.addActor(actor);
resetCamera();
render();
}
// your_sha256_hash------------
// Use a file reader to load a local file
// your_sha256_hash------------
const myContainer = document.querySelector('body');
const fileContainer = document.createElement('div');
fileContainer.innerHTML = '<input type="file" class="file"/>';
myContainer.appendChild(fileContainer);
const fileInput = fileContainer.querySelector('input');
function handleFile(event) {
event.preventDefault();
const dataTransfer = event.dataTransfer;
const files = event.target.files || dataTransfer.files;
if (files.length === 1) {
myContainer.removeChild(fileContainer);
const fileReader = new FileReader();
fileReader.onload = function onLoad(e) {
reader.parseAsArrayBuffer(fileReader.result);
update();
};
fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(files[0]);
}
}
fileInput.addEventListener('change', handleFile);
// your_sha256_hash------------
// Use the reader to download a file
// your_sha256_hash------------
// reader.setUrl(`${__BASE_PATH__}/data/stl/segmentation.stl`, { binary: true }).then(update);
``` |
Kurahashi (written: ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
, Japanese swimmer
, Japanese singer-songwriter
, Japanese writer
Fictional characters
, a character in the anime series Terror in Resonance
, a character in the manga series Assassination Classroom
, a character in the manga series Love Lab
Japanese-language surnames |
The Essex Fells School District is a community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade from Essex Fells, in Essex County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 252 students and 32.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.8:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "J," the highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Students in public school for seventh through twelfth grades attend the West Essex Regional School District, a regional school district serving students from Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell and Roseland. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
West Essex Middle School with 564 students in grades 7-8 and
West Essex High School with 1,123 students in grades 9-12.
Awards and recognition
In 2016, the school was one of ten schools in New Jersey recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School by the United States Department of Education, a recognition celebrating excellence in academics.
School
Essex Fells School had an enrollment of 250 students in grades PreK-6 as of the 2018–19 school year.
Michelle V. Gadaleta, principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Michelle V. Gadaleta, superintendent
Steven Lella, business administrator and board secretary
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of five members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one or two seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district.
References
External links
Essex Fells School
School Data for the Essex Fells School, National Center for Education Statistics
West Essex Regional School District
Essex Fells, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group J
School districts in Essex County, New Jersey
Public elementary schools in New Jersey |
Sister Mary Gertrude Joyce (born Margaret Alice Joyce; 18 January 1884 – 1 March 1964) was an Irish Sisters of Mercy nun and musician.
Early life and family
Sister Mary Gertrude Joyce was born Margaret Alice Joyce at 41 Brighton Square West, Rathgar, Dublin on 18 January 1884. She was the second eldest child of ten surviving children of John Stanislaus Joyce and Mary (née Murray). Through her grandmother, Ellen O'Connell Joyce, she was related to Daniel O'Connell. James Joyce, her older brother, was 18 months older than her. He called her "Poppie" due to a red cloak she wore to sodality meetings. It is said that she was his favourite sister. The Joyce family lived at 16 different addresses in Dublin and Bray owing to the differing fortunes of their father. Joyce was educated by Mrs Elizabeth Conway, a family governess, later attended St Catherine's Dominican Convent at Sion Hill and Dominican College, Eccles Street.
After the death of her mother on 13 August 1903, when Joyce was 19, she cared for her younger siblings. She had to beg her father for money for food and other necessities, caught between the promise she made to her mother and her father's demands. Joyce's difficulties in raising the younger children with her father was the basis of the "Eveline" story in Dubliners. Joyce was the first person that her brother James told that he was in love with Nora Barnacle. She tried to talk James and Nora from going to the continent. She took Nora shopping for some clothes before they left in 1904, and helped the couple with their travel arrangements. She also tried to get James to reconcile with their father.
Career
Joyce entered the Convent of Mercy Missionary College, Callan, County Kilkenny on 20 August 1909. She originally intended to become a nun in Germany, but James suggested she go to New Zealand. She left for New Zealand on 10 November 1909. James was in Dublin at the time of her departure, and saw Joyce off from North Wall to England where she would sail to New Zealand. He promised her that if she ever wished to return he would send her the fare. She never returned to Ireland or saw any of her family again. On 30 December 1909 she entered the Convent of Mercy, Greymouth, New Zealand, receiving the habit on 13 July 1910. Taking the name Sister Mary Gertrude, she professed on 13 July 1912.
From 1912 to 1949, Joyce taught piano, violin and singing in Greymouth and Runanga. She left to teach the boys of Loreto College in Papanui, Christchurch, teaching until three weeks before her death at age 80. When she was told she was dying, she requested that her letters and photographs be destroyed which included 30 years of weekly letters from James and other members of the Joyce family. She had never read any of her brother's works, possibly until 1962, when Fr Godfrey Ainsworth gave her a copy of A portrait of the artist as a young man.
Joyce died in Calvary Hospital, Christchurch on 1 March 1964, and was buried in Waimairi cemetery, Christchurch.
References
Nuns from Dublin (city)
1884 births
1964 deaths
20th-century Irish nuns
Sisters of Mercy
20th-century New Zealand Roman Catholic nuns
People from Rathgar |
Kungsörnen is a Swedish manufacturer of food. It was founded in 1929 in Skåne. The company began by manufacturing flour. The company is owned by Lantmännen. The company's headquarters is a pasta factory located in Järna, just outside Stockholm.
Kungsörnen bought Bageri Skogaholm in 1974 and Korvbrödsbagarn in 1979.
External links
Kungsörnen
References
Food and drink companies established in 1929
Swedish companies established in 1929
Food and drink companies of Sweden
Cooperatives in Sweden
Companies based in Södertälje
Södertälje Municipality |
Synuchus is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are more than 80 described species in Synuchus.
Species
These 86 species belong to the genus Synuchus:
Synuchus adelosia (Andrewes, 1934) (India)
Synuchus agonoides (Bates, 1889) (China)
Synuchus agonus (Tschitscherine, 1895) (China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Russia)
Synuchus amamioshimae Habu, 1978 (Japan)
Synuchus andrewesi Habu, 1955 (India)
Synuchus angusticeps Tanaka, 1962 (Japan)
Synuchus angustus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus arcuaticollis (Motschulsky, 1861) (China, Japan, and Russia)
Synuchus assamensis Deuve, 1986 (Nepal and India)
Synuchus atricolor (Bates, 1883) (North Korea, South Korea, and Japan)
Synuchus bellus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus brevis Lindroth, 1956 (China)
Synuchus breviusculus (Mannerheim, 1849) (Russia)
Synuchus calathinus Lindroth, 1956 (China)
Synuchus callitheres (Bates, 1873) (Japan)
Synuchus cathaicus (Bates, 1873) (China)
Synuchus chabo (Habu, 1955) (South Korea and Japan)
Synuchus chinensis Lindroth, 1956 (China)
Synuchus congruus (A.Morawitz, 1862) (China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia)
Synuchus coreanus Kirschenhofer, 1990 (North Korea)
Synuchus crocatus (Bates, 1883) (North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Russia)
Synuchus cycloderus (Bates, 1873) (China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan)
Synuchus dubius (LeConte, 1854) (United States)
Synuchus dulcigradus (Bates, 1873) (Japan)
Synuchus elburzensis Morvan, 1977 (Iran)
Synuchus formosanus Lindroth, 1956 (Taiwan)
Synuchus fukuharai (Habu, 1955) (Japan)
Synuchus fulvus Habu, 1978 (Japan)
Synuchus gigas Keyimu & Deuve, 1998 (China)
Synuchus gravidus Lindroth, 1956 (China)
Synuchus hikosanus (Habu, 1955) (Japan)
Synuchus himalayicus (Jedlicka, 1935) (Pakistan and India)
Synuchus hummeli (Jedlicka, 1935) (China)
Synuchus impunctatus (Say, 1823) (United States and Canada)
Synuchus inadai Morita & Arai, 2003 (Japan)
Synuchus intermedius Lindroth, 1956 (China, North Korea, and Russia)
Synuchus ishigakiensis Morita & Toyoda, 2003 (Japan)
Synuchus jengi Morita, 2015 (Taiwan)
Synuchus keinigus Morvan, 1994 (Nepal)
Synuchus laticollis Lindroth, 1956 (Taiwan)
Synuchus limbalis Lindroth, 1956 (China)
Synuchus longipes Lindroth, 1956 (Japan)
Synuchus longissimus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus macer Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus major Lindroth, 1956 (China)
Synuchus masumotoi Morita, 2010 (Taiwan)
Synuchus melantho (Bates, 1883) (China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Russia)
Synuchus microtes Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus minimus Lindroth, 1956 (Taiwan)
Synuchus montanus Lindroth, 1956 (Japan)
Synuchus nanpingensis Kirschenhofer, 1997 (China)
Synuchus narae Lindroth, 1956 (Japan)
Synuchus nitidus (Motschulsky, 1862) (China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Russia)
Synuchus nordmanni (A.Morawitz, 1862) (China, Japan, and Russia)
Synuchus orbicollis (A.Morawitz, 1862) (China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Russia)
Synuchus pallidulus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus pallipes (Andrewes, 1934) (India)
Synuchus patroboides Lindroth, 1956 (Japan)
Synuchus picicolor Lindroth, 1956 (Japan)
Synuchus pinguiusculus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus pseudomorphus (Semenov, 1889) (China)
Synuchus pulcher Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus rectangulus Lindroth, 1956 (Taiwan)
Synuchus rjabuchini Lafer, 1989 (Russia)
Synuchus robustus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus rufofuscus (Jedlicka, 1940) (Taiwan)
Synuchus rufulus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus satoi Morita & Toyoda, 2003 (Japan)
Synuchus semirufus (Casey, 1913) (Mexico)
Synuchus shibatai Habu, 1978 (Japan)
Synuchus sichuanensis Kirschenhofer, 1997 (China)
Synuchus sikkimensis (Andrewes, 1934) (India)
Synuchus sinomeridionalis Keyimu & Deuve, 1998 (China)
Synuchus sinuaticollis Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus suensoni Lindroth, 1956 (China)
Synuchus taiwanus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus takeuchii (Habu, 1955) (Japan)
Synuchus tanzawanus (Habu, 1955) (Japan)
Synuchus testaceus (Jedlicka, 1940) (Taiwan)
Synuchus tokararum Lindroth, 1956 (Japan)
Synuchus truncatus Habu, 1978 (Taiwan)
Synuchus uedai Morita, 2015 (Japan)
Synuchus ventricosus Lindroth, 1956 (Japan)
Synuchus vivalis (Illiger, 1798) (Palearctic)
Synuchus yamashitai Morita, 2013 (Japan)
Synuchus yasumatsui (Habu, 1955) (Japan)
References
External links
Platyninae
Carabidae genera |
5H or 5h may refer to:
Fifth Harmony, the American girl group
5H, a type of lead in a pencil
SSH 5H (WA), alternate designation for Washington State Route 507
Fly540 (IATA code)
, a highly unstable isotope of hydrogen
City of Death (production code: 5H), a 1979 Doctor Who serial
See also
H5 (disambiguation) |
Sea of Blood () is a propagandist North Korean opera credited to Kim Il Sung. It was first produced as an opera by Sea of Blood Theatrical Troupe (Pibada Guekdan) in 1971. It was then later adapted into a novel by the Choseon Novelist Association of the 4.15 Culture Creation Group () in 1973.
History and synopsis
Sea of Blood is set in the 1930s, during the Japanese occupation of Korea and follows the life of protagonist Sun-Nyo and her family as they suffer numerous tragedies at the hands of the Japanese before eventually gaining the willpower and means to join the communist revolution and fight against their oppressors. The story is meant to exemplify the values of the Juche ideology, with self-reliance and solidarity being the central themes. The novel is notable for its highly detailed descriptions and lengthy narrations of each character's point of view as well as its graphic depiction of violence. It is also mandatory reading in North Korea's literature curriculum.
Along with The Flower Girl (), Tell O' the Forest! (), A True Daughter of the Party () and The Song of Mount Kumgang (), Sea of Blood is considered one of the "Five Great Revolutionary Operas" (Korean revolutionary opera) (), which are the five most critically acclaimed operas within North Korea with revolutionary themes. The opera is considered as a masterpiece in North Korea since it expresses the unique aspects of the Juche regime's revolutionary ideology. It is also regarded as an exemplary revolutionary piece because of its unique use of visual and auditory effect and unprecedented theme, which was unlike other existing operas. In truth, the opera was influenced by Chinese model ballets like The White Haired Girl and operas like The Legend of the Red Lantern.
Sea of Blood premiered on 17 July 1971 at the Pyongyang Grand Theatre in the attendance of Kim Il Sung. The opera is known for being North Korea's longest-running production, having been staged over 1,500 times, and is presented three to four times a week at Pyongyang's main theater. It is also sometimes performed abroad. The North Korean Opera Troupe, which was established in 1946, was renamed "Sea of Blood Opera Troupe" shortly after the opera's release in 1971. Through being involved in the making of the opera, Kim Jong Il could systematize his thought on the art form. Many of the features of the opera are included in his treatise On the Art of Opera (1974), which lauds Sea of Blood as a model opera. On the 20th of October 1971, Chinese revolutionary masses and members of the Peking opera troupe visited Pyongyang to listen to a performance of the opera, the reviews were positive, with both the Peking Press and Guangming Daily giving rave reviews of the opera. On 22 October, the opera was premiered in China, performed in Shenyang with positive reviews. The opera was performed another time on the 25th, this time in Nanjing to an audience of 3,000.
Sea of Blood was also produced as a four-hour black-and-white film, Kim Jong Il produced the film, directed by Choe Ik-gyu.
Literature
The Novel. Sea of Blood, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1982
See also
The Flower Girl
List of North Korean operas
References
Works cited
Further reading
1971 operas
Korean-language operas
Anti-Japanese sentiment in North Korea
Operas
Propaganda in North Korea
Opera in North Korea
Operas set in Asia
Operas set in the 20th century |
This is a list of South Asian-origin television channels available on cable, satellite and IPTV platforms in Canada, Malaysia, the Middle East, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom and the United States. Channels broadcasting from different regions of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are available in Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Bhojpuri, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
List of channels
Australia
Canada
Hong Kong
Malaysia
Middle East
Singapore
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
References
South Asian |
Loliolus Japonica, the Japanese squid, is a species of squid from the family Loliginidae. As the name suggests, it lives around Japan, but has also been found around Vietnam and China. They are pelagic, living 1–30 meters down in the ocean.
The Japanese squid has light tan skin, with speckles all over its mantle and tentacles. It has a particularly large mantle, and an unusually wide fin along the mantle as well. It has dark, black eyes. Females are larger than males. The maximum length a male can get is 12 centimeters. Loliolus japonica are nonbioluminescent species which means that they do not emit light.
A male will perform various rituals to get a female's attention, and after that they will mate. Embryos will hatch into a planktonic stage for a fair amount of time, but will then turn into adults. Males and females die after spawning.
References
Squid |
Aliabad (, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Radkan Rural District, in the Central District of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 88, in 25 families.
See also
List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province
References
Populated places in Chenaran County |
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, or Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, and similar names like Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Cathedral may refer to:
Argentina
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Azul
Our Lady of Rosary Cathedral, Cafayate
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Corrientes
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Paraná
Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, Rosario, Santa Fe
Bangladesh
Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Cathedral, Chittagong
Brazil
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Itabira
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Santos
Chile
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Copiapó
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Valdivia
Colombia
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Girardota
Congo
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Kisangani
Dominican Republic
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary (Barahona), cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Barahona
Ecuador
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Puyo
India
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Baroda
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary (Jashpur), in Kunkuri
Our Lady of Rosary Cathedral, Mangalore
Mexico
Culiacán Cathedral, called Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary
Mozambique
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Beira
Nicaragua
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bluefields
Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral, Estelí
Peru
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Tacna
Philippines
Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Cathedral, Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte
Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Cathedral, Naval, Biliran
United States
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral (San Bernardino, California)
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary (Duluth, Minnesota)
Rosary Cathedral (Toledo, Ohio), called Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral
Venezuela
Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral, Cabimas
See also
Holy Rosary Cathedral (disambiguation)
Holy Rosary Church (disambiguation)
St. Mary's Cathedral, Galle; formally, the Cathedral of St. Mary, Queen of the Holy Rosary |
The 2020 Seton Hall Pirates men's soccer team represented Seton Hall University during the 2020 NCAA Division I men's soccer season and the 2020 Big East Conference men's soccer season. The 2020 season was Andreas Lindberg's third year as head coach for the program.
Seton Hall won the Big East Conference Men's Soccer Tournament for the first time since 1992, and qualified for the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament for the first time since 2005.
Background
Seton Hall finished the 2019 season with a 6–9–1 (3–5–1) record. They did not qualify for the Big East or NCAA Tournaments.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the season
On August 12, 2020, the Big East Conference suspended all fall sports including men's soccer, with plans to reconvene in the spring of 2021.
On November 4, 2020, the NCAA approved a plan for college soccer to be played in the spring.
Schedule
Regular season
Postseason
Big East Tournament
NCAA Tournament
References
2020
Seton Hall Pirates
Seton Hall Pirates
Seton Hall Pirates men's soccer
Seton |
```java
package org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.client.model.nodes.variables;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.client.OpcUaClient;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.client.model.types.variables.DataTypeDescriptionType;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.client.nodes.UaNode;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.AttributeId;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.StatusCodes;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.UaException;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.ByteString;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.DataValue;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.ExpandedNodeId;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.LocalizedText;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.NodeId;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.QualifiedName;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.StatusCode;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.Variant;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.unsigned.UByte;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.unsigned.UInteger;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.enumerated.NodeClass;
public class DataTypeDescriptionTypeNode extends BaseDataVariableTypeNode implements DataTypeDescriptionType {
public DataTypeDescriptionTypeNode(OpcUaClient client, NodeId nodeId, NodeClass nodeClass,
QualifiedName browseName, LocalizedText displayName, LocalizedText description,
UInteger writeMask, UInteger userWriteMask, DataValue value, NodeId dataType,
Integer valueRank, UInteger[] arrayDimensions, UByte accessLevel, UByte userAccessLevel,
Double minimumSamplingInterval, Boolean historizing) {
super(client, nodeId, nodeClass, browseName, displayName, description, writeMask, userWriteMask, value, dataType, valueRank, arrayDimensions, accessLevel, userAccessLevel, minimumSamplingInterval, historizing);
}
@Override
public String getDataTypeVersion() throws UaException {
PropertyTypeNode node = getDataTypeVersionNode();
return (String) node.getValue().getValue().getValue();
}
@Override
public void setDataTypeVersion(String dataTypeVersion) throws UaException {
PropertyTypeNode node = getDataTypeVersionNode();
node.setValue(new Variant(dataTypeVersion));
}
@Override
public String readDataTypeVersion() throws UaException {
try {
return readDataTypeVersionAsync().get();
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
throw UaException.extract(e).orElse(new UaException(StatusCodes.Bad_UnexpectedError, e));
}
}
@Override
public void writeDataTypeVersion(String dataTypeVersion) throws UaException {
try {
writeDataTypeVersionAsync(dataTypeVersion).get();
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
throw UaException.extract(e).orElse(new UaException(StatusCodes.Bad_UnexpectedError, e));
}
}
@Override
public CompletableFuture<? extends String> readDataTypeVersionAsync() {
return getDataTypeVersionNodeAsync().thenCompose(node -> node.readAttributeAsync(AttributeId.Value)).thenApply(v -> (String) v.getValue().getValue());
}
@Override
public CompletableFuture<StatusCode> writeDataTypeVersionAsync(String dataTypeVersion) {
DataValue value = DataValue.valueOnly(new Variant(dataTypeVersion));
return getDataTypeVersionNodeAsync()
.thenCompose(node -> node.writeAttributeAsync(AttributeId.Value, value));
}
@Override
public PropertyTypeNode getDataTypeVersionNode() throws UaException {
try {
return getDataTypeVersionNodeAsync().get();
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
throw UaException.extract(e).orElse(new UaException(StatusCodes.Bad_UnexpectedError, e));
}
}
@Override
public CompletableFuture<? extends PropertyTypeNode> getDataTypeVersionNodeAsync() {
CompletableFuture<UaNode> future = getMemberNodeAsync("path_to_url", "DataTypeVersion", ExpandedNodeId.parse("nsu=path_to_url"), false);
return future.thenApply(node -> (PropertyTypeNode) node);
}
@Override
public ByteString getDictionaryFragment() throws UaException {
PropertyTypeNode node = getDictionaryFragmentNode();
return (ByteString) node.getValue().getValue().getValue();
}
@Override
public void setDictionaryFragment(ByteString dictionaryFragment) throws UaException {
PropertyTypeNode node = getDictionaryFragmentNode();
node.setValue(new Variant(dictionaryFragment));
}
@Override
public ByteString readDictionaryFragment() throws UaException {
try {
return readDictionaryFragmentAsync().get();
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
throw UaException.extract(e).orElse(new UaException(StatusCodes.Bad_UnexpectedError, e));
}
}
@Override
public void writeDictionaryFragment(ByteString dictionaryFragment) throws UaException {
try {
writeDictionaryFragmentAsync(dictionaryFragment).get();
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
throw UaException.extract(e).orElse(new UaException(StatusCodes.Bad_UnexpectedError, e));
}
}
@Override
public CompletableFuture<? extends ByteString> readDictionaryFragmentAsync() {
return getDictionaryFragmentNodeAsync().thenCompose(node -> node.readAttributeAsync(AttributeId.Value)).thenApply(v -> (ByteString) v.getValue().getValue());
}
@Override
public CompletableFuture<StatusCode> writeDictionaryFragmentAsync(ByteString dictionaryFragment) {
DataValue value = DataValue.valueOnly(new Variant(dictionaryFragment));
return getDictionaryFragmentNodeAsync()
.thenCompose(node -> node.writeAttributeAsync(AttributeId.Value, value));
}
@Override
public PropertyTypeNode getDictionaryFragmentNode() throws UaException {
try {
return getDictionaryFragmentNodeAsync().get();
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
throw UaException.extract(e).orElse(new UaException(StatusCodes.Bad_UnexpectedError, e));
}
}
@Override
public CompletableFuture<? extends PropertyTypeNode> getDictionaryFragmentNodeAsync() {
CompletableFuture<UaNode> future = getMemberNodeAsync("path_to_url", "DictionaryFragment", ExpandedNodeId.parse("nsu=path_to_url"), false);
return future.thenApply(node -> (PropertyTypeNode) node);
}
}
``` |
```java
/*******************************************************************************
* All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
* which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
* path_to_url
*
*
* Contributors:
* Microsoft Corporation - initial API and implementation
*******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.managers;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import java.io.File;
import java.nio.file.FileVisitOption;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.Function;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IFile;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IFolder;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IMarker;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IProject;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IProjectDescription;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IResource;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.ResourcesPlugin;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.CoreException;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IPath;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IProgressMonitor;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.NullProgressMonitor;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.Path;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.IClasspathEntry;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.IJavaProject;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.JavaCore;
import org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JavaRuntime;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.JavaProjectHelper;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.ProjectUtils;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.ResourceUtils;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.TestVMType;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.managers.InvisibleProjectImporter.JavaFileDetector;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.preferences.ClientPreferences;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.preferences.Preferences;
import org.eclipse.lsp4j.FileSystemWatcher;
import org.eclipse.lsp4j.RelativePattern;
import org.junit.Test;
public class InvisibleProjectImporterTest extends AbstractInvisibleProjectBasedTest {
@Test
public void importIncompleteFolder() throws Exception {
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("maven/salut/src/main/java/org/sample", "Bar.java");
assertFalse(invisibleProject.exists());
}
@Test
public void importCompleteFolder() throws Exception {
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/lesson1", "src/org/samples/HelloWorld.java");
assertTrue(invisibleProject.exists());
assertTrue(invisibleProject.hasNature(UnmanagedFolderNature.NATURE_ID));
IPath sourcePath = invisibleProject.getFolder(new Path(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK).append("src")).getFullPath();
assertTrue(ProjectUtils.isOnSourcePath(sourcePath, JavaCore.create(invisibleProject)));
}
@Test
public void importCompleteFolderWithoutTriggerFile() throws Exception {
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/lesson1", null);
assertFalse(invisibleProject.exists());
}
@Test
public void importPartialMavenFolder() throws Exception {
File projectFolder = copyFiles("maven/salut-java11", true);
IPath projectFullPath = Path.fromOSString(projectFolder.getAbsolutePath());
IPath rootPath = projectFullPath.append("src");
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(rootPath, "main/java/org/sample/Bar.java");
assertFalse(invisibleProject.exists());
}
@Test
public void importPartialGradleFolder() throws Exception {
File projectFolder = copyFiles("gradle/gradle-11", true);
IPath projectFullPath = Path.fromOSString(projectFolder.getAbsolutePath());
IPath rootPath = projectFullPath.append("src");
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(rootPath, "main/java/foo/bar/Foo.java");
assertFalse(invisibleProject.exists());
}
@Test
public void automaticJarDetectionLibUnderSource() throws Exception {
ClientPreferences mockCapabilies = mock(ClientPreferences.class);
when(mockCapabilies.isWorkspaceChangeWatchedFilesDynamicRegistered()).thenReturn(Boolean.TRUE);
when(preferenceManager.getClientPreferences()).thenReturn(mockCapabilies);
File projectFolder = createSourceFolderWithLibs("automaticJarDetectionLibUnderSource");
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(projectFolder, "Test.java");
assertNoErrors(invisibleProject);
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
IClasspathEntry[] classpath = javaProject.getRawClasspath();
assertEquals("Unexpected classpath:\n" + JavaProjectHelper.toString(classpath), 3, classpath.length);
assertEquals("foo.jar", classpath[2].getPath().lastSegment());
assertEquals("foo-sources.jar", classpath[2].getSourceAttachmentPath().lastSegment());
List<FileSystemWatcher> watchers = projectsManager.registerWatchers();
//watchers.sort((a, b) -> a.getGlobPattern().compareTo(b.getGlobPattern()));
assertEquals(12, watchers.size()); // basic(9) + project(1) + library(1)
String srcGlobPattern = watchers.stream().map(FileSystemWatcher::getGlobPattern).map(globPattern -> globPattern.map(Function.identity(), RelativePattern::getPattern)).filter("**/src/**"::equals).findFirst().get();
assertTrue("Unexpected source glob pattern: " + srcGlobPattern, srcGlobPattern.equals("**/src/**"));
String projGlobPattern = watchers.stream().map(FileSystemWatcher::getGlobPattern).map(globPattern -> globPattern.map(Function.identity(), RelativePattern::getPattern)).filter(w -> w.endsWith(projectFolder.getName() + "/**"))
.findFirst().get();
assertTrue("Unexpected project glob pattern: " + projGlobPattern, projGlobPattern.endsWith(projectFolder.getName() + "/**"));
String libGlobPattern = watchers.stream().map(FileSystemWatcher::getGlobPattern).map(globPattern -> globPattern.map(Function.identity(), RelativePattern::getPattern)).filter(w -> w.endsWith(projectFolder.getName() + "/lib/**"))
.findFirst().get();
assertTrue("Unexpected library glob pattern: " + libGlobPattern, libGlobPattern.endsWith(projectFolder.getName() + "/lib/**"));
}
public void automaticJarDetection() throws Exception {
ClientPreferences mockCapabilies = mock(ClientPreferences.class);
when(mockCapabilies.isWorkspaceChangeWatchedFilesDynamicRegistered()).thenReturn(Boolean.TRUE);
when(preferenceManager.getClientPreferences()).thenReturn(mockCapabilies);
File projectFolder = createSourceFolderWithLibs("automaticJarDetection", "src", true);
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(projectFolder, "Test.java");
assertNoErrors(invisibleProject);
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
IClasspathEntry[] classpath = javaProject.getRawClasspath();
assertEquals("Unexpected classpath:\n" + JavaProjectHelper.toString(classpath), 3, classpath.length);
assertEquals("foo.jar", classpath[2].getPath().lastSegment());
assertEquals("foo-sources.jar", classpath[2].getSourceAttachmentPath().lastSegment());
List<FileSystemWatcher> watchers = projectsManager.registerWatchers();
watchers.sort((a, b) -> a.getGlobPattern().map(Function.identity(), RelativePattern::getPattern).compareTo(b.getGlobPattern().map(Function.identity(), RelativePattern::getPattern)));
assertEquals(10, watchers.size());
String srcGlobPattern = watchers.get(7).getGlobPattern().map(Function.identity(), RelativePattern::getPattern);
assertTrue("Unexpected source glob pattern: " + srcGlobPattern, srcGlobPattern.equals("**/src/**"));
String libGlobPattern = watchers.get(9).getGlobPattern().map(Function.identity(), RelativePattern::getPattern);
assertTrue("Unexpected lib glob pattern: " + libGlobPattern, libGlobPattern.endsWith(projectFolder.getName() + "/lib/**"));
}
@Test
public void getPackageNameFromRelativePathOfEmptyFile() throws Exception {
File projectFolder = copyFiles("singlefile", true);
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(projectFolder, "lesson1/Test.java");
assertTrue(invisibleProject.exists());
IPath workspaceRoot = Path.fromOSString(projectFolder.getAbsolutePath());
IPath javaFile = workspaceRoot.append("lesson1/Test.java");
String packageName = InvisibleProjectImporter.getPackageName(javaFile, workspaceRoot, JavaCore.create(invisibleProject));
assertEquals("lesson1", packageName);
}
@Test
public void getPackageNameFromNearbyNonEmptyFile() throws Exception {
File projectFolder = copyFiles("singlefile", true);
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(projectFolder, "lesson1/samples/Empty.java");
assertTrue(invisibleProject.exists());
IPath workspaceRoot = Path.fromOSString(projectFolder.getAbsolutePath());
IPath javaFile = workspaceRoot.append("lesson1/samples/Empty.java");
String packageName = InvisibleProjectImporter.getPackageName(javaFile, workspaceRoot, JavaCore.create(invisibleProject));
assertEquals("samples", packageName);
}
@Test
public void getPackageNameInSrcEmptyFile() throws Exception {
File projectFolder = copyFiles("singlefile", true);
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(projectFolder, "lesson1/src/main/java/demosamples/Empty1.java");
assertTrue(invisibleProject.exists());
IPath workspaceRoot = Path.fromOSString(projectFolder.getAbsolutePath());
IPath javaFile = workspaceRoot.append("lesson1/src/main/java/demosamples/Empty1.java");
String packageName = InvisibleProjectImporter.getPackageName(javaFile, workspaceRoot, JavaCore.create(invisibleProject));
assertEquals("main.java.demosamples", packageName);
}
@Test
public void getPackageName() throws Exception {
File projectFolder = copyFiles("singlefile", true);
IProject invisibleProject = importRootFolder(projectFolder, "Single.java");
assertTrue(invisibleProject.exists());
IPath workspaceRoot = Path.fromOSString(projectFolder.getAbsolutePath());
IPath javaFile = workspaceRoot.append("Single.java");
String packageName = InvisibleProjectImporter.getPackageName(javaFile, workspaceRoot, JavaCore.create(invisibleProject));
assertEquals("", packageName);
}
@Test
public void testPreviewFeaturesEnabledByDefault() throws Exception {
String defaultJVM = JavaRuntime.getDefaultVMInstall().getId();
try {
TestVMType.setTestJREAsDefault("22");
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
assertTrue(invisibleProject.exists());
assertNoErrors(invisibleProject);
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
assertEquals(JavaCore.ENABLED, javaProject.getOption(JavaCore.COMPILER_PB_ENABLE_PREVIEW_FEATURES, false));
assertEquals(JavaCore.IGNORE, javaProject.getOption(JavaCore.COMPILER_PB_REPORT_PREVIEW_FEATURES, false));
} finally {
TestVMType.setTestJREAsDefault(defaultJVM);
}
}
@Test
public void testPreviewFeaturesDisabledForNotLatestJDK() throws Exception {
String defaultJVM = JavaRuntime.getDefaultVMInstall().getId();
try {
String secondToLastJDK = JavaCore.getAllVersions().get(JavaCore.getAllVersions().size() - 2);
TestVMType.setTestJREAsDefault(secondToLastJDK);
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/lesson1", "src/org/samples/HelloWorld.java");
assertTrue(invisibleProject.exists());
assertNoErrors(invisibleProject);
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
assertEquals(JavaCore.DISABLED, javaProject.getOption(JavaCore.COMPILER_PB_ENABLE_PREVIEW_FEATURES, true));
} finally {
TestVMType.setTestJREAsDefault(defaultJVM);
}
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingOutputPath() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectOutputPath("output");
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
assertEquals(String.join("/", "", javaProject.getElementName(), ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK, "output"), javaProject.getOutputLocation().toString());
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingOutputPathInsideSourcePath() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectOutputPath("output");
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
boolean isOutputExcluded = false;
for (IClasspathEntry entry : javaProject.getRawClasspath()) {
if (entry.getEntryKind() != IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE) {
continue;
}
for (IPath excludePath : entry.getExclusionPatterns()) {
if (excludePath.toString().equals("output/")) {
isOutputExcluded = true;
break;
}
}
}
assertTrue("Output path should be excluded from source path", isOutputExcluded);
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingOutputPathEqualToSourcePath() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectOutputPath("src");
copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/simple2", "src/App.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
}
@Test(expected = CoreException.class)
public void testSpecifyingAbsoluteOutputPath() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectOutputPath(new File("projects").getAbsolutePath());
copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/simple", "src/App.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingEmptyOutputPath() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectOutputPath("");
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/simple", "src/App.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
assertEquals(String.join("/", "", javaProject.getElementName(), "bin"), javaProject.getOutputLocation().toString());
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingSourcePaths() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectSourcePaths(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar"));
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
IFolder linkFolder = invisibleProject.getFolder(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK);
List<String> sourcePaths = new ArrayList<>();
for (IClasspathEntry entry : javaProject.getRawClasspath()) {
if (entry.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE) {
sourcePaths.add(entry.getPath().makeRelativeTo(linkFolder.getFullPath()).toString());
}
}
assertEquals(1, sourcePaths.size());
assertTrue(sourcePaths.contains("foo"));
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingEmptySourcePaths() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectSourcePaths(Collections.emptyList());
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
IFolder linkFolder = invisibleProject.getFolder(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK);
List<String> sourcePaths = new ArrayList<>();
for (IClasspathEntry entry : javaProject.getRawClasspath()) {
if (entry.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE) {
sourcePaths.add(entry.getPath().makeRelativeTo(linkFolder.getFullPath()).toString());
}
}
assertEquals(0, sourcePaths.size());
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingNestedSourcePaths() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectSourcePaths(Arrays.asList("foo", "foo/bar"));
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
IFolder linkFolder = invisibleProject.getFolder(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK);
List<String> sourcePaths = new ArrayList<>();
for (IClasspathEntry entry : javaProject.getRawClasspath()) {
if (entry.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE) {
sourcePaths.add(entry.getPath().makeRelativeTo(linkFolder.getFullPath()).toString());
}
}
assertEquals(2, sourcePaths.size());
assertTrue(sourcePaths.contains("foo"));
assertTrue(sourcePaths.contains("foo/bar"));
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingDuplicatedSourcePaths() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectSourcePaths(Arrays.asList("foo", "foo"));
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
IFolder linkFolder = invisibleProject.getFolder(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK);
List<String> sourcePaths = new ArrayList<>();
for (IClasspathEntry entry : javaProject.getRawClasspath()) {
if (entry.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE) {
sourcePaths.add(entry.getPath().makeRelativeTo(linkFolder.getFullPath()).toString());
}
}
assertEquals(1, sourcePaths.size());
assertTrue(sourcePaths.contains("foo"));
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingRootAsSourcePaths() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectSourcePaths(Arrays.asList(""));
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
IFolder linkFolder = invisibleProject.getFolder(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK);
List<String> sourcePaths = new ArrayList<>();
for (IClasspathEntry entry : javaProject.getRawClasspath()) {
if (entry.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE) {
sourcePaths.add(entry.getPath().makeRelativeTo(linkFolder.getFullPath()).toString());
}
}
assertEquals(1, sourcePaths.size());
assertTrue(sourcePaths.contains(""));
}
@Test(expected = CoreException.class)
public void testSpecifyingAbsoluteSourcePath() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectSourcePaths(Arrays.asList(new File("projects").getAbsolutePath()));
copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/simple", "src/App.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
}
@Test
public void testSpecifyingSourcePathsContainingOutputPath() throws Exception {
Preferences preferences = preferenceManager.getPreferences();
preferences.setInvisibleProjectSourcePaths(Arrays.asList(""));
preferences.setInvisibleProjectOutputPath("bin");
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/java14", "foo/bar/Foo.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
for (IClasspathEntry entry : javaProject.getRawClasspath()) {
if (entry.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE) {
assertEquals("bin/", entry.getExclusionPatterns()[0].toString());
}
}
}
@Test
public void testInferSourceRoot() throws Exception {
preferenceManager.getPreferences().setJavaImportExclusions(Arrays.asList("**/excluded"));
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/inferSourceRoot", "lesson1/Lesson1.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IFolder projectFolder = invisibleProject.getFolder(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK);
IPath workspaceRoot = projectFolder.getLocation();
preferenceManager.getPreferences().setRootPaths(Arrays.asList(workspaceRoot));
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
long sourceRootsCount = Arrays.stream(javaProject.getRawClasspath())
.filter(cp -> cp.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE)
.count();
assertEquals(3, sourceRootsCount);
IFile unDiscoveredFile = invisibleProject.getFile("_/a/very/deep/path/Source.java");
InvisibleProjectImporter.inferSourceRoot(javaProject, unDiscoveredFile.getLocation());
waitForBackgroundJobs();
sourceRootsCount = Arrays.stream(javaProject.getRawClasspath())
.filter(cp -> cp.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE)
.count();
assertEquals(4, sourceRootsCount);
List<IMarker> markers = ResourceUtils.getErrorMarkers(invisibleProject);
assertEquals(0, markers.size());
}
@Test
public void testInferSourceRoot2() throws Exception {
preferenceManager.getPreferences().setJavaImportExclusions(Arrays.asList("**/excluded"));
IProject invisibleProject = copyAndImportFolder("singlefile/inferSourceRoot", "Main.java");
waitForBackgroundJobs();
IFolder projectFolder = invisibleProject.getFolder(ProjectUtils.WORKSPACE_LINK);
IPath workspaceRoot = projectFolder.getLocation();
preferenceManager.getPreferences().setRootPaths(Arrays.asList(workspaceRoot));
IJavaProject javaProject = JavaCore.create(invisibleProject);
long sourceRootsCount = Arrays.stream(javaProject.getRawClasspath())
.filter(cp -> cp.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE)
.count();
assertEquals(3, sourceRootsCount);
IFile unDiscoveredFile = invisibleProject.getFile("_/a/very/deep/path/Source.java");
InvisibleProjectImporter.inferSourceRoot(javaProject, unDiscoveredFile.getLocation());
waitForBackgroundJobs();
sourceRootsCount = Arrays.stream(javaProject.getRawClasspath())
.filter(cp -> cp.getEntryKind() == IClasspathEntry.CPE_SOURCE)
.count();
assertEquals(4, sourceRootsCount);
List<IMarker> markers = ResourceUtils.getErrorMarkers(invisibleProject);
assertEquals(0, markers.size());
}
@Test
public void javaFileDetectorTest() throws Exception {
createMockProject();
preferenceManager.getPreferences().setJavaImportExclusions(Arrays.asList("**/excluded"));
File root = new File(getSourceProjectDirectory(), "singlefile/invisibleFileDetector");
List<File> foldersToSearch = new ArrayList<>();
for (File folder : root.listFiles()) {
if (folder.isDirectory()) {
foldersToSearch.add(folder);
}
}
JavaFileDetector detector = new JavaFileDetector(null);
for (File file : foldersToSearch) {
Files.walkFileTree(file.toPath(), EnumSet.noneOf(FileVisitOption.class), 3 /*maxDepth*/, detector);
}
Set<IPath> triggerFiles = detector.getTriggerFiles();
assertEquals(0, triggerFiles.size());
}
private void createMockProject() throws CoreException {
IProgressMonitor monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();
IProject project = ResourcesPlugin.getWorkspace().getRoot().getProject("mock");
if (!project.exists()) {
IProjectDescription description = ResourcesPlugin.getWorkspace().newProjectDescription("mock");
project.create(description, monitor);
project.open(monitor);
description.setNatureIds(new String[] { JavaCore.NATURE_ID });
project.setDescription(description, monitor);
IFolder folder = project.getFolder("_");
if (!folder.exists()) {
folder.create(true, true, monitor);
}
IFile fakeFile = project.getFile("_/Other.java");
File file = new File(getSourceProjectDirectory(), "singlefile/invisibleFileDetector/other-project/Other.java");
fakeFile.createLink(file.toURI(), IResource.REPLACE, monitor);
}
}
}
``` |
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