text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
```html
<html><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../icons/favicon.ico" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../styles/branding.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../styles/branding-en-US.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../scripts/branding.js"> </script><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>IEvaluator.GetReferencedAssemblies Method (String, String[])</title><meta name="Language" content="en-us" /><meta name="Microsoft.Help.Id" content="M:CSScriptLib.IEvaluator.GetReferencedAssemblies(System.String,System.String[])" /><meta name="Description" content="Analyses the script code and returns set of locations for the assemblies referenced from the code with CS-Script directives (//css_ref)." /><meta name="Microsoft.Help.ContentType" content="Reference" /><meta name="BrandingAware" content="true" /><meta name="container" content="CSScriptLib" /><meta name="file" content="8eed2f6c-0e19-3dc2-8b02-202e02c303c7" /><meta name="guid" content="8eed2f6c-0e19-3dc2-8b02-202e02c303c7" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../styles/branding-Website.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../scripts/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../scripts/branding-Website.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../scripts/clipboard.min.js"></script></head><body onload="OnLoad('cs')"><input type="hidden" id="userDataCache" class="userDataStyle" /><div class="pageHeader" id="PageHeader">A Sandcastle Documented Class Library<form id="SearchForm" method="get" action="#" onsubmit="javascript:TransferToSearchPage(); return false;"><input id="SearchTextBox" type="text" maxlength="200" /><button id="SearchButton" type="submit"></button></form></div><div class="pageBody"><div class="leftNav" id="leftNav"><div id="tocNav"><div class="toclevel0" data-toclevel="0"><a class="tocCollapsed" onclick="javascript: Toggle(this);" href="#!" /><a data-tochassubtree="true" href="../html/e862697d-3cd2-4fa7-bdbd-3d17ef405b58.htm" title="A Sandcastle Documented Class Library" tocid="roottoc">A Sandcastle Documented Class Library</a></div><div class="toclevel0" data-toclevel="0"><a class="tocCollapsed" onclick="javascript: Toggle(this);" href="#!" /><a data-tochassubtree="true" href="../html/3bca438b-6a3b-acb6-218a-f07ec3aa462e.htm" title="CSScriptLib" tocid="3bca438b-6a3b-acb6-218a-f07ec3aa462e">CSScriptLib</a></div><div class="toclevel0" data-toclevel="0"><a class="tocCollapsed" onclick="javascript: Toggle(this);" href="#!" /><a data-tochassubtree="true" href="../html/3853215a-1dba-de06-cfdc-13a6edb2e37f.htm" title="IEvaluator Interface" tocid="3853215a-1dba-de06-cfdc-13a6edb2e37f">IEvaluator Interface</a></div><div class="toclevel0" data-toclevel="0"><a class="tocCollapsed" onclick="javascript: Toggle(this);" href="#!" /><a data-tochassubtree="true" href="../html/7686eb04-f896-6c92-a375-eec64782cfbc.htm" title="IEvaluator Methods" tocid="7686eb04-f896-6c92-a375-eec64782cfbc">IEvaluator Methods</a></div><div class="toclevel1" data-toclevel="1" data-childrenloaded="true"><a class="tocExpanded" onclick="javascript: Toggle(this);" href="#!" /><a data-tochassubtree="true" href="../html/ab4ae96a-c7d5-b223-7be9-6b0841f2b185.htm" title="GetReferencedAssemblies Method " tocid="ab4ae96a-c7d5-b223-7be9-6b0841f2b185">GetReferencedAssemblies Method </a></div><div class="toclevel2" data-toclevel="2"><a data-tochassubtree="false" href="../html/ad5d369f-a449-90d9-6159-a9d431c80dfb.htm" title="GetReferencedAssemblies Method " tocid="ad5d369f-a449-90d9-6159-a9d431c80dfb">GetReferencedAssemblies Method </a></div><div class="toclevel2 current" data-toclevel="2"><a data-tochassubtree="false" href="../html/8eed2f6c-0e19-3dc2-8b02-202e02c303c7.htm" title="GetReferencedAssemblies Method (String, String[])" tocid="8eed2f6c-0e19-3dc2-8b02-202e02c303c7">GetReferencedAssemblies Method (String, String[])</a></div></div><div id="tocResizableEW" onmousedown="OnMouseDown(event);"></div><div id="TocResize" class="tocResize"><img id="ResizeImageIncrease" src="../icons/TocOpen.gif" onclick="OnIncreaseToc()" alt="Click or drag to resize" title="Click or drag to resize" /><img id="ResizeImageReset" src="../icons/TocClose.gif" style="display:none" onclick="OnResetToc()" alt="Click or drag to resize" title="Click or drag to resize" /></div></div><div class="topicContent" id="TopicContent"><table class="titleTable"><tr><td class="logoColumn"><img src="../icons/Help.png" /></td><td class="titleColumn"><h1>IEvaluator<span id="LSTC0AA65BF_0"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_0?cpp=::|nu=.");</script>GetReferencedAssemblies Method (String, <span id="LSTC0AA65BF_1"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_1?cpp=array<");</script>String<span id="LSTC0AA65BF_2"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_2?cpp=>|vb=()|nu=[]");</script>)</h1></td></tr></table><span class="introStyle"></span> <div class="summary">
Analyses the script code and returns set of locations for the assemblies referenced from the code with CS-Script directives (//css_ref).
</div><p> </p>
<strong>Namespace:</strong>
<a href="3bca438b-6a3b-acb6-218a-f07ec3aa462e.htm">CSScriptLib</a><br />
<strong>Assembly:</strong>
CSScriptLib (in CSScriptLib.dll) Version: 1.3.2.0<div class="collapsibleAreaRegion"><span class="collapsibleRegionTitle" onclick="SectionExpandCollapse('ID1RB')" onkeypress="SectionExpandCollapse_CheckKey('ID1RB', event)" tabindex="0"><img id="ID1RBToggle" class="collapseToggle" src="../icons/SectionExpanded.png" />Syntax</span></div><div id="ID1RBSection" class="collapsibleSection"><div class="codeSnippetContainer"><div class="codeSnippetContainerTabs"><div id="ID0EACA_tab1" class="codeSnippetContainerTabSingle">C#</div></div><div class="codeSnippetContainerCodeContainer"><div class="codeSnippetToolBar"><div class="codeSnippetToolBarText"><a id="ID0EACA_copyCode" href="#" class="copyCodeSnippet" onclick="javascript:CopyToClipboard('ID0EACA');return false;" title="Copy">Copy</a></div></div><div id="ID0EACA_code_Div1" class="codeSnippetContainerCode" style="display: block"><pre xml:space="preserve"><span class="identifier">string</span>[] <span class="identifier">GetReferencedAssemblies</span>(
<span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="parameter">code</span>,
<span class="keyword">params</span> <span class="identifier">string</span>[] <span class="parameter">searchDirs</span>
)</pre></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageTabSet("ID0EACA");</script><h4 class="subHeading">Parameters</h4><dl><dt><span class="parameter">code</span></dt><dd>Type:<a href="path_to_url" target="_blank">System<span id="LSTC0AA65BF_3"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_3?cs=.|vb=.|cpp=::|nu=.|fs=.");</script>String</a><br />The script code.</dd><dt><span class="parameter">searchDirs</span></dt><dd>Type:<span id="LSTC0AA65BF_4"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_4?cpp=array<");</script><a href="path_to_url" target="_blank">System<span id="LSTC0AA65BF_5"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_5?cs=.|vb=.|cpp=::|nu=.|fs=.");</script>String</a><span id="LSTC0AA65BF_6"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_6?cpp=>|vb=()|nu=[]");</script><br />The assembly search/probing directories.</dd></dl><h4 class="subHeading">Return Value</h4>Type:<span id="LSTC0AA65BF_7"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_7?cpp=array<");</script><a href="path_to_url" target="_blank">String</a><span id="LSTC0AA65BF_8"></span><script type="text/javascript">AddLanguageSpecificTextSet("LSTC0AA65BF_8?cpp=>|vb=()|nu=[]");</script><br />Array of the referenced assemblies</div><div class="collapsibleAreaRegion" id="seeAlsoSection"><span class="collapsibleRegionTitle" onclick="SectionExpandCollapse('ID2RB')" onkeypress="SectionExpandCollapse_CheckKey('ID2RB', event)" tabindex="0"><img id="ID2RBToggle" class="collapseToggle" src="../icons/SectionExpanded.png" />See Also</span></div><div id="ID2RBSection" class="collapsibleSection"><h4 class="subHeading">Reference</h4><div class="seeAlsoStyle"><a href="3853215a-1dba-de06-cfdc-13a6edb2e37f.htm">IEvaluator Interface</a></div><div class="seeAlsoStyle"><a href="ab4ae96a-c7d5-b223-7be9-6b0841f2b185.htm">GetReferencedAssemblies Overload</a></div><div class="seeAlsoStyle"><a href="3bca438b-6a3b-acb6-218a-f07ec3aa462e.htm">CSScriptLib Namespace</a></div></div></div></div><div id="pageFooter" class="pageFooter"> </div></body></html>
``` |
"All the Right Friends" is one of the earliest songs written by R.E.M., written by Peter Buck and Michael Stipe in 1979 before meeting their future bandmates, according to Peter Buck's liner notes to the band's In Time compilation album. Like all R.E.M. songs, its composition is credited to all members.
The song was recorded for Murmur in 1983, but was left off the album. In January 1993, the European reissue of Dead Letter Office, a B-side album compilation, included that recording, along with an acoustic version of "Gardening at Night". The song was also recorded during the Reckoning sessions, but not used (though bootlegged), and later recorded during the Lifes Rich Pageant demo sessions (this version was included on the bonus disc of the 25th Anniversary edition of the album).
In 2001, director Cameron Crowe released the movie Vanilla Sky, starring Tom Cruise. R.E.M. were approached with the idea of them contributing a rock song to the soundtrack. According to Peter Buck, they were approached "about eight days before they needed it", and they had loads of material left from Reveal, but they wanted a rock song, and their manager Bertis Downs had liked "All the Right Friends", so they recorded it. Slightly different from the other version (with most of the original lyrics missing), the song was, in Peter Buck's vision, recorded as if they were recording it for the Chronic Town EP, as Buck noted on the sleeve notes to the band's 2003 In Time compilation album.
The song was recorded on October 23, 2001, in Seattle's Bad Animals Studio's "Studio X" while R.E.M. were in town for a performance at the Groundwork Benefit the previous day and, that evening, at the Crocodile Café. On an R.E.M. special of The South Bank Show, which aired in May 2002 on the UK's ITV, Buck is seen recording a guitar overdub for the song, then, upon completion, the camera follows him into the control room to evaluate the recording.
In addition to the Vanilla Sky soundtrack album, the re-recording is included on R.E.M.'s 2003 Warner Bros. Records compilation, In Time: The Best of R.E.M. 1988-2003. The original 1983 version of the song recorded for Murmur was internationally released on the expanded edition of the 2006 EMI compilation, And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987.
R.E.M. songs
Songs written by Bill Berry
Songs written by Peter Buck
Songs written by Mike Mills
Songs written by Michael Stipe
Song recordings produced by Pat McCarthy (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Michael Stipe
Song recordings produced by Peter Buck
Song recordings produced by Mike Mills
2001 songs |
James Madison Middle School located in the Franklin-Colonial neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia, USA, is situated on a large hill with a view of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Opened in 1970, it is a magnet school for technology and is part of the Roanoke City Public Schools. The school's athletics teams are the Matadors.
Notable achievements
The school has competed in the Virginia Mathematics 6th Grade League with the following notable results:
1998-99 - 5th out of 183 schools
2000-01 - 6th out of 141 Schools
2002-03 - 5th out of 108 schools
In the international Odyssey of the Mind competition in 2001, James Madison Middle School won through to represent the US and placed 3rd out of a field of 57 teams representing the United States.
James Madison has a notable chess team that in 2005 were runners up in the Virginia State K-8 Team Championships, losing by half a point.
References
External links
Official site
Public middle schools in Virginia
Educational institutions established in 1970
Schools in Roanoke, Virginia
Magnet schools in Virginia |
```javascript
Modify a website's URL
Navigation Timing API
Fetch API
Drag and Drop API
MediaDevices.getUserMedia()
``` |
```shell
#!/bin/bash
if [[ "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" = "false" && "$TRAVIS_BRANCH" == "master" ]]; then
cargo doc &&
echo "<meta http-equiv=refresh content=0;url=mentat/index.html>" > target/doc/index.html &&
git clone path_to_url &&
./ghp-import/ghp_import.py -n -p -f -r https://"$GH_TOKEN"@github.com/"$TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG.git" target/doc
fi
``` |
The Cameroon Red Cross Society (CRC, ) was established on 30 April 1960. It has its headquarters in Yaoundé and is headed by Léonie Cécile.
References
External links
Cameroon Red Cross Society Profile
Official Red Cross Web Site
Red Cross and Red Crescent national societies
1960 establishments in French Cameroon
Organizations established in 1960
Medical and health organizations based in Cameroon |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\Spanner;
class ReplicaInfo extends \Google\Model
{
/**
* @var bool
*/
public $defaultLeaderLocation;
/**
* @var string
*/
public $location;
/**
* @var string
*/
public $type;
/**
* @param bool
*/
public function setDefaultLeaderLocation($defaultLeaderLocation)
{
$this->defaultLeaderLocation = $defaultLeaderLocation;
}
/**
* @return bool
*/
public function getDefaultLeaderLocation()
{
return $this->defaultLeaderLocation;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setLocation($location)
{
$this->location = $location;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getLocation()
{
return $this->location;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setType($type)
{
$this->type = $type;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getType()
{
return $this->type;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(ReplicaInfo::class, 'Google_Service_Spanner_ReplicaInfo');
``` |
Bertrand of L'Isle-Jourdain may refer to:
Bertrand of Comminges (d. 1123), a native of L'Isle-Jourdain, bishop of Comminges
Bertrand de L'Isle-Jourdain (d. 1286), a native of L'Isle-Jourdain, bishop of Toulouse
Bertrand I of L'Isle-Jourdain (d. 1349), count of L'Isle-Jourdain
Bertrand II of L'Isle-Jourdain (d. 1369), count of L'Isle-Jourdain |
The 2011 GCC U-23 Championship was the third edition of the GCC U-23 Championship. It took place in Doha, Qatar for the second time. Six nations took part. The competition was held in Doha from 12 to 21 August. Oman won their first title after defeating United Arab Emirates 4–2 on penalties in the final.
Teams
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Team
! data-sort-type="number"|Previous appearances in tournament
|-
| || 2 (2008, 2010)
|-
| || 2 (2008, 2010)
|-
| (host) || 2 (2008, 2010)
|-
| || 2 (2008, 2010)
|-
| || 2 (2008, 2010)
|-
| || 1 (2010)
|}
Venues
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Knockout stage
In the knockout stage, extra time and penalty shoot-out were to be used to decide the winner if necessary (Regulations Articles 10.1 and 10.3).
Bracket
Fifth place play-off
Semi-finals
Third place play-off
Final
Winners
Awards
The following awards were given at the conclusion of the tournament:
Goalscorers
See also
Arabian Gulf Cup
Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation
References
External links
GCC U-23 Championship at Goalzz
GCC U-23 Championship
2011
2011 in Asian football
2011–12 in Qatari football
2011–12 in Saudi Arabian football
2011–12 in Bahraini football
2011–12 in Omani football
2011–12 in Kuwaiti football
2011–12 in Emirati football
2011 in youth association football |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
module Decidim
module Sortitions
class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
self.abstract_class = true
end
end
end
``` |
```php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace Shlinkio\Shlink\Core\Domain\Model;
use JsonSerializable;
use Shlinkio\Shlink\Core\Config\NotFoundRedirectConfigInterface;
use Shlinkio\Shlink\Core\Config\NotFoundRedirects;
use Shlinkio\Shlink\Core\Domain\Entity\Domain;
final class DomainItem implements JsonSerializable
{
private function __construct(
private readonly string $authority,
public readonly NotFoundRedirectConfigInterface $notFoundRedirectConfig,
public readonly bool $isDefault,
) {
}
public static function forNonDefaultDomain(Domain $domain): self
{
return new self($domain->authority, $domain, false);
}
public static function forDefaultDomain(string $defaultDomain, NotFoundRedirectConfigInterface $config): self
{
return new self($defaultDomain, $config, true);
}
public function jsonSerialize(): array
{
return [
'domain' => $this->authority,
'isDefault' => $this->isDefault,
'redirects' => NotFoundRedirects::fromConfig($this->notFoundRedirectConfig),
];
}
public function toString(): string
{
return $this->authority;
}
}
``` |
```c
/*
This file is for functions for field arithmetic
*/
#include "gf.h"
#include "params.h"
gf gf_iszero(gf a) {
uint32_t t = a;
t -= 1;
t >>= 19;
return (gf) t;
}
gf gf_add(gf in0, gf in1) {
return in0 ^ in1;
}
gf gf_mul(gf in0, gf in1) {
int i;
uint64_t tmp;
uint64_t t0;
uint64_t t1;
uint64_t t;
t0 = in0;
t1 = in1;
tmp = t0 * (t1 & 1);
for (i = 1; i < GFBITS; i++) {
tmp ^= (t0 * (t1 & ((uint64_t)1 << i)));
}
//
t = tmp & 0x1FF0000;
tmp ^= (t >> 9) ^ (t >> 10) ^ (t >> 12) ^ (t >> 13);
t = tmp & 0x000E000;
tmp ^= (t >> 9) ^ (t >> 10) ^ (t >> 12) ^ (t >> 13);
return tmp & GFMASK;
}
/* input: field element in */
/* return: (in^2)^2 */
static inline gf gf_sq2(gf in) {
int i;
const uint64_t B[] = {0x1111111111111111,
0x0303030303030303,
0x000F000F000F000F,
0x000000FF000000FF
};
const uint64_t M[] = {0x0001FF0000000000,
0x000000FF80000000,
0x000000007FC00000,
0x00000000003FE000
};
uint64_t x = in;
uint64_t t;
x = (x | (x << 24)) & B[3];
x = (x | (x << 12)) & B[2];
x = (x | (x << 6)) & B[1];
x = (x | (x << 3)) & B[0];
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
t = x & M[i];
x ^= (t >> 9) ^ (t >> 10) ^ (t >> 12) ^ (t >> 13);
}
return x & GFMASK;
}
/* input: field element in, m */
/* return: (in^2)*m */
static inline gf gf_sqmul(gf in, gf m) {
int i;
uint64_t x;
uint64_t t0;
uint64_t t1;
uint64_t t;
const uint64_t M[] = {0x0000001FF0000000,
0x000000000FF80000,
0x000000000007E000
};
t0 = in;
t1 = m;
x = (t1 << 6) * (t0 & (1 << 6));
t0 ^= (t0 << 7);
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x04001)));
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x08002))) << 1;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x10004))) << 2;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x20008))) << 3;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x40010))) << 4;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x80020))) << 5;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
t = x & M[i];
x ^= (t >> 9) ^ (t >> 10) ^ (t >> 12) ^ (t >> 13);
}
return x & GFMASK;
}
/* input: field element in, m */
/* return: ((in^2)^2)*m */
static inline gf gf_sq2mul(gf in, gf m) {
int i;
uint64_t x;
uint64_t t0;
uint64_t t1;
uint64_t t;
const uint64_t M[] = {0x1FF0000000000000,
0x000FF80000000000,
0x000007FC00000000,
0x00000003FE000000,
0x0000000001FE0000,
0x000000000001E000
};
t0 = in;
t1 = m;
x = (t1 << 18) * (t0 & (1 << 6));
t0 ^= (t0 << 21);
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x010000001)));
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x020000002))) << 3;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x040000004))) << 6;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x080000008))) << 9;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x100000010))) << 12;
x ^= (t1 * (t0 & (0x200000020))) << 15;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
t = x & M[i];
x ^= (t >> 9) ^ (t >> 10) ^ (t >> 12) ^ (t >> 13);
}
return x & GFMASK;
}
/* input: field element den, num */
/* return: (num/den) */
gf gf_frac(gf den, gf num) {
gf tmp_11;
gf tmp_1111;
gf out;
tmp_11 = gf_sqmul(den, den); // ^11
tmp_1111 = gf_sq2mul(tmp_11, tmp_11); // ^1111
out = gf_sq2(tmp_1111);
out = gf_sq2mul(out, tmp_1111); // ^11111111
out = gf_sq2(out);
out = gf_sq2mul(out, tmp_1111); // ^111111111111
return gf_sqmul(out, num); // ^1111111111110 = ^-1
}
gf gf_inv(gf den) {
return gf_frac(den, ((gf) 1));
}
/* input: in0, in1 in GF((2^m)^t)*/
/* output: out = in0*in1 */
void GF_mul(gf *out, gf *in0, gf *in1) {
int i, j;
gf prod[ SYS_T * 2 - 1 ];
for (i = 0; i < SYS_T * 2 - 1; i++) {
prod[i] = 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < SYS_T; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < SYS_T; j++) {
prod[i + j] ^= gf_mul(in0[i], in1[j]);
}
}
//
for (i = (SYS_T - 1) * 2; i >= SYS_T; i--) {
prod[i - SYS_T + 7] ^= prod[i];
prod[i - SYS_T + 2] ^= prod[i];
prod[i - SYS_T + 1] ^= prod[i];
prod[i - SYS_T + 0] ^= prod[i];
}
for (i = 0; i < SYS_T; i++) {
out[i] = prod[i];
}
}
``` |
Catherine Samary born in 1945, is a French researcher in political economy, specialized on the former Yugoslavia and Eastern Europe. She received her Phd in economics in 1986 : her thesis on the contradictory logics of the reforms in the Yugoslav self-management system was published in 1988 under the title « Le Marché contre l’autogestion - l’expérience yougoslave » (The Market against Self-management : the Yugoslav expérience) with a preface from Ernest Mandel (Ed. Publidsud/LaBrèche). ()
She was until her retirement a lecturer at the Paris, Dauphine University. She is a regular lecturer at the International Institute for Research and Education, in Amsterdam.https://www.iire.org/index.php/fr/node/9 .
As a researcher she is involved in the network of the French Association for Balkan Studies (AFEbalk) and its Review Balkanologie. https://journals.openedition.org/balkanologie/ to which she contributes https://search.openedition.org/results?q=%22Catherine+Samary%22&s=Balkanologie&pf=OJ
She wrote in French several books, essays and articles on the Yugoslav experience (among which has been translated into English Yugoslavia Dismembered (translated by Peter Drucker, Monthly Review Press, New York, 1995) (). She developed comparative analysis of the different experiences and reforms of the Soviet planning system (see, for example Plan, Market and Democracy - the experience of the so-called socialist countries https://fileserver.iire.org/nsr/NSR7.pdf - An independent website has produced a shorten version of this essay in 2018. http://www.socialisteconomist.com/2018/01/neither-capitalist-nor-socialist.html)
Samary put emphasis on specific phases of democratic mass movements in those countries (like in 1968 in Czechoslovakia or later in Poland) compared to their socio-economic transformations through the capitalist restoration after 1989 (see in particular her contributions for Le Monde Diplomatique, in French : https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/recherche?s=%22Catherine+Samary%22 ; in English : https://mondediplo.com/search?s=%22Catherine+Samary%22)
She is member of the scientific council of the French Attac and of the editorial board of its Review Les Possibles ; founding member of the Association Autogestion (self-management) and of the European Network in solidarity with Ukraine https://ukraine-solidarity.eu. She has been involved in its delegations to Ukraine in relation with the left political, tradeunionist and feminist networks https://ukraine-solidarity.eu/47c3dc85f6ed4f18a588ac303812e559
In 1973 she joined the Fourth International (https://fourth.international) ; and she is member of its broad international leadership body, the International Committee. She was a co-founder of what was for many years its largest section, the Revolutionary Communist League.
She contributed a chapter of the book (coordinated by Gilbert Achcar, in French and English) about The Legacy of Ernest Mandel : « Mandel’s concepts on socialism » ( https://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article2807 ).
She was actively involved in actions and debates against the French law which in 2004 excluded from the public schools Muslim girls wearing the scarf. She has produced a balance sheet of three years of conflicts on that issue, published by the website « Les mots sont importants » (words are importants) under the title « Au-delà du voile et de la laïcité » (beyond the scarf and laicity) : https://lmsi.net/Au-dela-du-voile-et-de-la-laicite. Samary's analysis on the French laicity « as not anti-religious » was also, published in Switzerland by the Review and website SolidaritéS. ( https://solidarites.ch/journal/128-2/la-laicite-nest-pas-anti-religieuse/ ) and in Spanish by the Review Viento Sur https://cdn.vientosur.info/VScompletos/VIENTOSUR-numero96-06-LosRetosdelaInmigracion-Laicidad-CatherineSamary.pdf
She is a regular contributor to the reviews Contretemps ( https://www.contretemps.eu/author/catherine-samary/ ), Inprecor, International Viewpoint, VientoSur.
On her website, can be found numerous videos (in French and often in English) of presentation of her analysis http://csamary.fr/videos.html ; and a chronological presentation of her publications according to four main themes: questions and experiences of socialism; capitalist restoration; world disorder; alternatives http://csamary.fr/rubriques.html
Her book, written in the context of the anniversary of October Revolution, in 2017, D'un communisme décolonial à la démocratie des communs published by Editions Le Croquant in French is now available in pdf https://editions-croquant.org/livres-numeriques/445-pdf-dun-communisme-decolonial-a-la-democratie-des-communs.html The book presents the Yugoslav experience as a break with Stalin's orientation. And it is revisited in the context of the ongoing debates on the commons. Its extended version in English (co-edited with Fred Leplat) was published under the title Decolonial Communism: Democracy and the Commons. Published by Resistance Books, Merlin Press and the IIRE, 2019.
References
External links
Catherine Samary's website
Catherine Samary's profile at the International Institute for Research and Education
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Paris alumni
French Trotskyists
Revolutionary Communist League (France) politicians |
```xml
import gql from 'graphql-tag';
import { useQuery } from 'react-apollo';
import {
IRepository,
IBranchesAndTags,
} from 'shared/models/Versioning/Repository';
import resultToCommunicationWithData from 'shared/utils/graphql/queryResultToCommunicationWithData';
import * as Types from './graphql-types/RepositoryBranchesAndTags';
export { Types };
export const REPOSITORY_BRANCHES_AND_TAGS = gql`
query RepositoryBranchesAndTags($repositoryId: ID!) {
repository(id: $repositoryId) {
id
tags {
name
}
branches {
name
}
}
}
`;
export const useRepositoryBranchesAndTagsQuery = ({
repositoryId,
}: {
repositoryId: IRepository['id'];
}) => {
const res = useQuery<
Types.RepositoryBranchesAndTags,
Types.RepositoryBranchesAndTagsVariables
>(REPOSITORY_BRANCHES_AND_TAGS, {
variables: { repositoryId },
});
const communicationWithData = resultToCommunicationWithData(data => {
if (data.repository) {
const res: IBranchesAndTags = {
branches: data.repository.branches.map(({ name }) => name),
tags: data.repository.tags.map(({ name }) => name),
};
return res;
}
}, res);
return {
...communicationWithData,
};
};
``` |
Spiders is a three-piece indie band from Rotherham, England. Close school friends, the band came together through "lack of anything better to do and a similar taste in music." Main influences on the band are The Jam, Blur and The Libertines.
Composed of brothers Rob Tingle, Adam Tingle, and friend Nick Monk, the band were taught by Alex Turner's father a Rawmarsh Comprehensive School. Spiders was a result of numerous bands and projects, which formed in the Summer of 2010.
Since then the band have gigged almost constantly in and around Yorkshire. So far the band have recorded two EPs with Arctic Monkeys' producer, Alan Smyth; the first, Daring to Wish, Daring to Smile, Daring to Wonder, has received acclaim from regional press. In March 2011, the band formed Subtonic Records, and released their first promotional single "Where Does this Leave us Now", which has garnered 60,000 views on YouTube so far. Following up, and with further collaborations with filmmaker, Andy Little, the band has also released further promos: "Ambitions of a Huckster's Daughter", and "Subtle Differences".
Discography
EPs
Daring to Wish, Daring to Smile, Daring to Wonder
Singles
"Where Does this Leave us Now"
"Ambitions of a Huckster's Daughter"
"Subtle Differences"
References
External links
Spiders blog
English indie rock groups
Musical groups established in 2010
Music in Yorkshire
2010 establishments in England |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Please visit path_to_url for detail.
*
* software and other kinds of works.
*
* The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
* to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
* share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
* software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
* any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
* your programs, too.
* See the GNU LICENSE file for more info.
*/
#ifndef __PLAY_BUFFER_H__
#define __PLAY_BUFFER_H__
#include <list>
#include "rtc_base/deprecated/recursive_critical_section.h"
#include "modules/audio_coding/acm2/acm_resampler.h"
#include "api/video/video_frame.h"
struct PcmData {
PcmData(char* pdata, int len, int sample_hz, int channels) :len_(len), sample_hz_(sample_hz), channels_(channels), pts_(0) {
pdata_ = new char[len];
memcpy(pdata_, pdata, len);
}
virtual ~PcmData(void) {
delete[] pdata_;
}
char* pdata_;
int len_;
int sample_hz_;
int channels_;
int64_t pts_;
};
struct VideoData {
VideoData(): pdata_(NULL), len_(0) { };
virtual ~VideoData(void) {
if (pdata_ != NULL) {
delete[] pdata_;
pdata_ = NULL;
}
};
void SetData(char* ptr, int len) {
if (pdata_ != NULL) {
delete[] pdata_;
pdata_ = NULL;
}
pdata_ = ptr; len_ = len;
}
rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> video_frame_;
char* pdata_;
int len_;
int64_t pts_;
};
class PlayBuffer
{
public:
PlayBuffer(void);
virtual ~PlayBuffer(void);
int DoVidRender(bool bVideoPaused);
int DoAudRender(bool mix, void* audioSamples, uint32_t samplesPerSec, int nChannels, bool bAudioPaused);
int DoRender(bool mix, void* audioSamples, uint32_t samplesPerSec, int nChannels, bool bAudioPaused, bool bVideoPaused);
void DoClear();
void SetAppInBackground(bool bBackground);
bool NeedMoreAudioPlyData();
bool NeedMoreVideoPlyData();
bool AppIsBackground();
void PlayVideoData(VideoData *videoData);
void PlayAudioData(PcmData*pcmData);
public:
virtual void OnBufferVideoRender(VideoData *videoData, int64_t pts) {};
virtual void OnBufferVideoDropped() {};
virtual void OnBufferAudioDropped() {};
virtual void OnFirstVideoDecoded() {};
virtual void OnFirstAudioDecoded() {};
private:
bool b_video_decoded_;
bool b_audio_decoded_;
bool b_app_in_background_; // app
int64_t n_last_render_video_time_;
int64_t n_last_render_video_pts_;
//*
rtc::RecursiveCriticalSection cs_audio_play_;
std::list<PcmData*> lst_audio_play_;
rtc::RecursiveCriticalSection cs_video_play_;
std::list<VideoData*> lst_video_play_;
private:
webrtc::acm2::ACMResampler resampler_;
char* aud_data_resamp_; // The actual 16bit audio data.
char* aud_data_mix_;
};
#endif // __PLAY_BUFFER_H__
``` |
Azeem Ryan Pitcher (born 31 July 1980) is a Bermudian cricketer, who played with the Bermudian cricket team in their first ever One Day International when they played Canada in May 2006.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Bermudian cricketers
Bermuda One Day International cricketers |
Rastko Stojković (; born 12 July 1981) is a Serbian handball player who plays for Pfadi Winterthur.
Club career
Over the course of his career that spanned over two decades, Stojković played for Partizan, Studentski grad, Borac Banja Luka, PKB, Crvena zvezda, VfL Pfullingen, HSG Nordhorn, Vive Kielce, Al Rayyan, Meshkov Brest, Maccabi Rishon LeZion, Rekreativo, and Vojvodina.
International career
At international level, Stojković represented Serbia in three major tournaments, winning the silver medal at the 2012 European Championship.
Honours
Crvena zvezda
Serbia and Montenegro Handball Super League: 2003–04
Serbia and Montenegro Handball Cup: 2003–04
HSG Nordhorn
EHF Cup: 2007–08
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Handball players from Belgrade
Serbian male handball players
RK Partizan players
RK Borac Banja Luka players
RK Crvena zvezda players
Vive Kielce players
RK Vojvodina players
Handball-Bundesliga players
Expatriate handball players
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Belarus
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Serbia and Montenegro male handball players
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar |
Bałcyny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostróda, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Ostróda and south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
References
Villages in Ostróda County |
Go Your Way may refer to:
"Go Your Way" (CNBlue song), a 2014 single by CNBLUE
"Go Your Way", a 1969 single by Andromeda
"Go Your Way", a 1965 song by Les Surfs
"Go Your Way", a 1975 song by Marion Rung
"Go Your Way", original 1971 song by Anne Briggs from Anne Briggs |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package v1
const (
LabelHostname = "kubernetes.io/hostname"
LabelTopologyZone = "topology.kubernetes.io/zone"
LabelTopologyRegion = "topology.kubernetes.io/region"
// These label have been deprecated since 1.17, but will be supported for
// the foreseeable future, to accommodate things like long-lived PVs that
// use them. New users should prefer the "topology.kubernetes.io/*"
// equivalents.
LabelFailureDomainBetaZone = "failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone" // deprecated
LabelFailureDomainBetaRegion = "failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region" // deprecated
// Retained for compat when vendored. Do not use these consts in new code.
LabelZoneFailureDomain = LabelFailureDomainBetaZone // deprecated
LabelZoneRegion = LabelFailureDomainBetaRegion // deprecated
LabelZoneFailureDomainStable = LabelTopologyZone // deprecated
LabelZoneRegionStable = LabelTopologyRegion // deprecated
LabelInstanceType = "beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type"
LabelInstanceTypeStable = "node.kubernetes.io/instance-type"
LabelOSStable = "kubernetes.io/os"
LabelArchStable = "kubernetes.io/arch"
// LabelWindowsBuild is used on Windows nodes to specify the Windows build number starting with v1.17.0.
// It's in the format MajorVersion.MinorVersion.BuildNumber (for ex: 10.0.17763)
LabelWindowsBuild = "node.kubernetes.io/windows-build"
// LabelNamespaceSuffixKubelet is an allowed label namespace suffix kubelets can self-set ([*.]kubelet.kubernetes.io/*)
LabelNamespaceSuffixKubelet = "kubelet.kubernetes.io"
// LabelNamespaceSuffixNode is an allowed label namespace suffix kubelets can self-set ([*.]node.kubernetes.io/*)
LabelNamespaceSuffixNode = "node.kubernetes.io"
// LabelNamespaceNodeRestriction is a forbidden label namespace that kubelets may not self-set when the NodeRestriction admission plugin is enabled
LabelNamespaceNodeRestriction = "node-restriction.kubernetes.io"
// IsHeadlessService is added by Controller to an Endpoint denoting if its parent
// Service is Headless. The existence of this label can be used further by other
// controllers and kube-proxy to check if the Endpoint objects should be replicated when
// using Headless Services
IsHeadlessService = "service.kubernetes.io/headless"
// LabelNodeExcludeBalancers specifies that the node should not be considered as a target
// for external load-balancers which use nodes as a second hop (e.g. many cloud LBs which only
// understand nodes). For services that use externalTrafficPolicy=Local, this may mean that
// any backends on excluded nodes are not reachable by those external load-balancers.
// Implementations of this exclusion may vary based on provider.
LabelNodeExcludeBalancers = "node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers"
// LabelMetadataName is the label name which, in-tree, is used to automatically label namespaces, so they can be selected easily by tools which require definitive labels
LabelMetadataName = "kubernetes.io/metadata.name"
)
``` |
```java
/*******************************************************************************
*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
* of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
* so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
* COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
* WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* Contributors:
* Simon Zambrowski - initial API and implementation
* Markus Alexander Kuppe - Refactoring
******************************************************************************/
package org.lamport.tla.toolbox.editor.basic.handlers;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import org.eclipse.core.commands.ExecutionEvent;
import org.eclipse.core.commands.ExecutionException;
import org.eclipse.ui.IEditorPart;
import org.eclipse.ui.handlers.HandlerUtil;
import org.lamport.tla.toolbox.editor.basic.TLAEditor;
import org.lamport.tla.toolbox.editor.basic.TLAEditorAndPDFViewer;
import org.lamport.tla.toolbox.editor.basic.pcal.PCalTranslator;
import org.lamport.tla.toolbox.ui.handler.SaveDirtyEditorAbstractHandler;
/**
* Triggers the PCal translation of the module
*
* @author Simon Zambrovski
*/
public class PCalTranslateModuleHandler extends SaveDirtyEditorAbstractHandler {
public Object execute(final ExecutionEvent event) throws ExecutionException {
if (!saveDirtyEditor(event)) {
// Cannot translate a dirty editor.
return null;
}
final TLAEditor tlaEditor = getTLAEditor(activeEditor);
if (tlaEditor == null || !tlaEditor.hasPlusCal()) {
// If it's not a TLAEditor, it can't have PlusCal code.
return null;
}
try {
new PCalTranslator().translate(tlaEditor, HandlerUtil.getActiveShell(event));
} catch (InvocationTargetException | InterruptedException e) {
throw new ExecutionException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
return null;
}
private static TLAEditor getTLAEditor(IEditorPart anEditor) {
if (anEditor instanceof TLAEditorAndPDFViewer) {
final TLAEditorAndPDFViewer editor = (TLAEditorAndPDFViewer) anEditor;
return editor.getTLAEditor();
}
if (anEditor instanceof TLAEditor) {
return (TLAEditor) anEditor;
}
return null;
}
}
``` |
Howard George Yanosik (born January 26, 1933) is a Canadian retired professional hockey player who played 605 games for the Hershey Bears in the American Hockey League.
External links
1933 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hershey Bears players
Lethbridge Broncos coaches
Canadian ice hockey coaches |
Yashodharman (Gupta script: Ya-śo-dha-rmma, ) (r. 515 – 545) was a ruler of Malwa, in Central India, during the early part of the 6th century. He probably belonged to the Second Aulikara dynasty. He conquered much of the Indian subcontinent between c. 530-540 AD according to Mandsaur pillar inscription.
History
Towards the end of the 5th century, India came under attack from the Hunas. Yashodharman and possibly the Gupta emperor, Narasimhagupta, defeated a Huna army and their ruler Mihirakula in 528 AD and drove them out of India.
Three inscriptions of Yasodharman have been found in Mandsaur. One of these, the Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana is of samvat 589 (532 AD).
Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana (532 AD)
The Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana was written in 532 AD, and records the construction of a well by a person named Daksha in Dashapura (modern Mandsaur, also often spelled Mandasor), during the rule of Yashodharman. The inscription mentions the victories of local ruler Yasodharman (and possibly Chalukya ruler Vishnuvardhana) over Northern and Eastern kingdoms. These kingdoms are not further specified, but it is known that Yashodhaman occupied most of the territories of the Alchon Huns or Hunas to the north, and the most of the territories of the Gupta Empire to the east following his victories. Only one more Gupta inscription is known after that date, a land grant in the area of Kotivarsha (Bangarh in West Bengal) by the last Gupta emperor Vishnugupta. The victory against the Alchons Huns is also described in the Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yashodharman.
Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yashodharman (515–550 AD)
Twin monolithic pillars at Sondani in Mandsaur District were erected by Yasodharman as a record of his victory. In a part of the Sondani inscription, Yasodharman thus praises himself for having defeated king Mihirakula:
Territory
In Line 5 of the Mandsaur pillar inscription, Yashodharman claims he vanquished his enemies and now controls the territory from the neighbourhood of the (river) Lauhitya (Brahmaputra River) to the "Western Ocean" (Western Indian Ocean), and from the Himalayas to mountain Mahendra.
Yashodharman thus conquered vast territories from the Hunas and the Guptas, although his short-lived empire would ultimately disintegrate between c. 530–540 AD.
References
External links
Bijayagadh Stone Pillar Inscription of Vishnuvardhana
Mandasor Pillar Inscription of Yashodharman
6th-century Indian monarchs
History of Malwa
Kings of Malwa |
```javascript
var crypto = require('crypto');
var secret = 'secret';
var cipher = crypto.createCipher('aes192', secret);
var content = 'hello';
cipher.update(content);
console.log( cipher.final('hex'));
//
// 71d30ec9bc926b5dbbd5150bf9d3e5fb
``` |
West Indies women's cricket team toured Australia from 21 October 2014 to 18 November 2014. The tour included a series of four Twenty20 Internationals and four One Day Internationals. The first three ODI matches were a part of the 2014–16 ICC Women's Championship. West Indian women also played two T20 matches against Cricket Australia Women's XI.
Squads
Tour matches
1st T20
2nd T20
T20I series
1st T20I
2nd T20I
3rd T20I
4th T20I
ODI series
1st ODI
2nd ODI
3rd ODI
4th ODI
References
Women's international cricket tours of Australia
2014–16 ICC Women's Championship
West Indian cricket tours of Australia
Australia 2014
2014–15 Australian women's cricket season
2014 in West Indian cricket
2014 in women's cricket |
(Henri) James Simon (17 September 185123 May 1932) was a German-Jewish entrepreneur, art collector, philanthropist and patron of the arts during the Wilhelmine period. He donated most of his significant collections to the Berlin State Museums, including the famous Nefertiti bust.
Biography
Henri James Simon was born in Berlin, the son of a well-off Jewish cotton merchant. He attended the Berlinisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster and received a six-month traineeship at Bradford, then a centre of textile manufacture, before he became a partner with his father in 1876. Though a reserved man, he played an influential role in the German society, especially by his participation at a regular roundtable with Emperor Wilhelm II. Simon and other invitees like Albert Ballin and Carl Fürstenberg as well as Emil and Walther Rathenau discussed economic life and tried to give the emperor an understanding of a Jewish perspective on social issues. Their close relationship with the erratic ruler was criticized by Zionist contemporaries and they were later mocked as the "Emperor's Jews" (Kaiserjuden) by Chaim Weizmann.
James Simon died in Berlin and is buried at the Jewish cemetery on Schönhauser Allee in Prenzlauer Berg. Wilhelm II sent a wreath from his Dutch exile. Parts of his collection that were not donated to the state museums were auctioned.
Art collecting
Simon shared an interest for archaeology with Wilhelm II. In 1898, he was one of the founders of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft in collaboration with Wilhelm von Bode. In 1911 Simon provided the financing of Ludwig Borchardt's excavations at Pharaoh Akhenaten's city in Amarna, and many of the found artefacts, which included the sculpted busts of Nefertiti and Tiye from a court sculptor's workshop outside the main tomb area, became his property. This purchase, which was according to a 1913 partition treaty with the Egyptian Département des antiquités under Gaston Maspero, is still disputed. They
were taken to his villa on Tiergartenstraße No. 15a with the intention of creating a public collection. In his later years, he placed various parts of his collection on permanent loan, first to the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum, which opened in 1904, and then to the Egyptian Museum in 1920.
A new building designed by David Chipperfield was added and named for him on Museum Island in Berlin, Germany.
Philanthropy
Simon was one of early donors to the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. He helped to underwrite Jewish German societies, and funded Germany's first public swimming pool.
See also
James Simon Gallery
References
External links
James Simon Foundation
James Simon memorial
"Das Herrenzimmer als Museumsraum" in Tagesspiegel, 18 October 2006
1851 births
1932 deaths
German art collectors
19th-century art collectors
20th-century art collectors
19th-century German businesspeople
20th-century German businesspeople
19th-century German Jews
German philanthropists
Businesspeople from Berlin |
A list of films produced in Argentina in 1936:
References
1936
Films
Argentine |
The Church of Kurt Cobain was a Christian church founded in 1996 in Portland, Oregon, and whose patron was Kurt Cobain, the lead singer and guitarist of American rock band Nirvana, who committed suicide in April 1994.
History
The church was founded by Jim Dillon, in Portland, Oregon. Dillon stated that he got the idea for the church from a similar church in San Francisco that paid tribute to jazz musician John Coltrane and that his church aimed to find meaning in the life of Kurt Cobain who committed suicide in 1994. He also stated that Cobain's music has a deeper spiritual message. Instead of playing "Amazing Grace" on an organ, the church would play the Nirvana song "Smells Like Teen Spirit". Dillon also stated of another Nirvana song, "Rape Me", that "In essence, the real message is one of a Christian theme - treat me the way you want me to treat you".
The church held a rally on May 28, 1996, to inaugurate their place of worship and the founders claimed that their purpose was to pay homage to Cobain who they referred to as a "Saint" and also to the Generation X who they felt had been ignored by the Baby boomer focused-world.
A September 1996 article by Spin stated that the Kurt Cobain Church had been a media hoax. In a July 2021 article by Alan Cross in A Journal of Musical Things, he claimed that the Church of Kurt Cobain while having Dillon as its reverend and having a big recruitment drive in 1996, was in fact a stunt created by an art director named Jerry Ketel and that the purpose of it was to make a statement against celebrity culture and society's fascination with drug abuse and suicide. Cross believed that Ketel had fooled some big media outlets into thinking that it was real.
References
Church of Kurt Cobain
Church of Kurt Cobain |
The men's lightweight double sculls competition at the 2014 Asian Games in Chungju, South Korea was held from 20 September to 24 September at the Tangeum Lake International Rowing Center.
Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
Results
Heats
Qualification: 1–2 → Final A (FA), 3–5 → Repechage (R)
Heat 1
Heat 2
Repechage
Qualification: 1–2 → Final A (FA), 3–6 → Final B (FB)
Finals
Final B
Final A
References
External links
Official website
Rowing at the 2014 Asian Games |
Gusika is a village on the Huon Peninsula, in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The village was liberated by the Australian Army during World War II in November 1943.
Populated places in Morobe Province |
Ericomyrtus tenuior is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
References
Eudicots of Western Australia
tenuior
Endemic flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 2015
Taxa named by Barbara Lynette Rye |
```javascript
Be careful when using `typeof`.
Use `splice()` to remove an item from an array
No block scope
How to merge two arrays
Inaccuracy of binary floating-point format
``` |
Diana M. Fennell (born August 6, 1967) is an American politician who represents District 47A in the Maryland House of Delegates. She previously served as the mayor of Colmar Manor, Maryland from 2000 to 2010 and as a member of the Colmar Manor town council from 1995 to 2000.
Background
Fennell was born on August 6, 1967, in Emporia, Virginia, where she graduated from Greensville County High School. In 2004, she attended the Academy for Excellence in Local Governance at the University of Maryland, College Park School of Public Policy.
Fennell moved from Washington, D.C. to Colmar Manor, Maryland in the early 1990s. In 1994, a neighbor urged her to seek public office. She successfully ran for Colmar Manor town council and was sworn in 1995. In 2000, she was elected as the town's mayor, where she served until 2010.
In 2002, Fennell ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 47. She came in fourth place in the primary election, receiving 13.1 percent of the vote.
In 2014, Fennell again ran for the Maryland House of Delegates, receiving the backing of state senator Victor R. Ramirez during the primary election. She won the Democratic primary alongside Jimmy Tarlau, receiving 23.7 percent of the vote and defeating incumbent state delegate Michael Summers. She received 52.1 percent of the vote in the general election.
In the legislature
Fennell was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on January 14, 2015, and was assigned to the House Ways and Means Committee. In her committee, she serves on the election law subcommittee, the finance resources subcommittee, and the revenues subcommittee. She is also a member of the Prince George's County Delegation, Women Legislators of Maryland, and the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland.
Political positions
Elections
Fennell voted for legislation introduced in the 2019 legislative session that would lift a ban on developer contributions in county political races in Prince George's County, Maryland.
Marijuana
Fennell supported legislation introduced during the 2018 legislative session that would reform the state's Medical Cannabis Commission and ensure diversity for proprietors in the industry.
Minimum wage
Fennell introduced legislation during the 2019 legislative session that would raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour in 2023 and phase out the state's tipped wage by 2026. During committee hearings, the bill was amended to push back the full-on effective date to 2025 and to remove provisions to automatically increase the wage based on the national consumer price index. The bill passed as amended and received a gubernatorial veto override on March 28, 2019.
Electoral history
2002 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 47th District (Democratic Primary)
Voters to choose three:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Rosetta C. Parker (Incumbent), Democratic
|3,584
| 17.2%
| Won
|-
|-
|Doyle Niemann, Democratic
|3,521
| 16.9%
| Won
|-
|-
|Victor R. Ramirez, Democratic
|3,054
| 14.6%
| Won
|-
|-
|Diana M. Fennell, Democratic
|2,724
| 13.1%
|
|-
|-
|Bob McGrory, Democratic
|2,298
| 16.6%
|
|-
|-
|Lee P. Walker, Democratic
|2,229
| 10.7%
|
|-
|-
|Lillian K. Beverly, Democratic
|1,808
| 8.7%
|
|-
|-
|Fred Price Jr., Democratic
|1,136
| 6.3%
|
|-
|-
|Theodore N. Pantazes, Democratic
|323
| 1.5%
|
|-
|}
2014 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 47A District (Democratic Primary)
Voters to choose two:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Jimmy Tarlau, Democratic
|2,728
| 26.7%
| Won
|-
|-
|Diana Fennell, Democratic
|2,416
| 23.7%
| Won
|-
|-
|Michael Summers (Incumbent), Democratic
|1,740
| 17.1%
|
|-
|-
|Malcolm Augustine, Democratic
|1,688
| 16.6%
|
|-
|-
|Joseph Solomon, Democratic
|1,627
| 16%
|
|-
|}
2014 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 47A District (General Election)
Voters to choose two:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Diana Fennell, Democratic
|11,198
| 52.1%
| Won
|-
|-
|Jimmy Tarlau, Democratic
|8,836
| 41.1%
| Won
|-
|-
|Fred Price Jr., Republican
|1,424
| 6.6%
|
|-
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|55
| 0.3%
|
|-
|}
2018 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 47A District (Democratic Primary)
Voters to choose two:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Diana Fennell (Incumbent), Democratic
|5,239
| 37.8%
| Won
|-
|-
|Julian Ivey, Democratic
|4,504
| 32.5%
| Won
|-
|-
|Jimmy Tarlau (Incumbent), Democratic
|4,104
| 29.6%
|
|-
|}
2018 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 47A District (General Election)
Voters to choose two:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Julian Ivey, Democratic
|15,981
| 52,2%
| Won
|-
|-
|Diana Fennell (Incumbent), Democratic
|14,192
| 46.4%
| Won
|-
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|429
| 1.4%
| Won
|-
|}
Notes
Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
African-American state legislators in Maryland
African-American women in politics
1967 births
Living people
Women state legislators in Maryland
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American politicians
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
Politicians from Prince George's County, Maryland |
The Oligocene Chuska Sandstone is a geologic formation that crops out in the Chuska Mountains of northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. The formation is a remnant of a great sand sea, or erg, that once covered an area of reaching from the present locations of the Chuska Mountains to near Albuquerque and to the southwest. This erg deposited a succession of sandstone beds exceeded in thickness only by the Navajo Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau.
Description
The Chuska Sandstone is up to thick and is divided into two members. The Deza Member, to which the lowermost beds of the formation are assigned, is up to thick and consists mostly of pale orange to yellow-gray sandstone (66%), claystone (16%) and sandy siltstone (16%). Sedimentary structures are present that indicate deposition by running water, and the member fills shallow paleovalleys eroded in the underlying Mesozoic beds. The Deza Member is not always present, and when present, it grades into the overlying Narbona Pass Member without a sharp contact.
The Narbona Pass Member makes up most of the Chuska Sandstone, and consists of as much as of wind-deposited (eolian) sandstone. The sandstone is pinkish-gray to yellowish-gray and is crossbedded and arkosic (it contains significant feldspar).
The formation overlies Mesozoic formations across an angular unconformity. The youngest of these is the Tohatchi Formation of the Mesaverde Group. The Chuska Sandstone is in turn overlain by lava flows of the Navajo Volcanic Field. Radiometric dating yields ages of 34.75 ± 0.20 million years for the Deza Member and 33.31 ± 0.25 million years for the lower Narbona Pass Member, and overlying volcanic rock has been dated at 25.05 ± 0.16 million years in age.
Fossils
The only fossils found in the Chuska Sandstone are shell fragments from emydid turtles found in the Deza Member. These cannot be more precisely identified, and so are of little value for dating the Deza Member. However, emydid turtles are almost exclusively aquatic, so the presence of these shell fragments provides supporting evidence that the Deza Member was deposited in an environment with permanent water bodies.
Chuska erg
The formation has been interpreted as an erosional remnant of a large erg (sand sea). Other remnants include sandstone units of the Spears Group on the north flank of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field and a sandstone unit found only in the deep subsurface in the northwest Albuquerque Basin. Conservative estimates of the original extent of the erg suggest it once covered an area of . The erg was almost entirely eroded away during the early Miocene.
History of investigation
The formation was named by Herbert E. Gregory in 1917 for exposures in the Chuska Mountains. H.E. Wright restricted the formation to the caprock of the Chuska Mountains, and adjusted the definition of the lower boundary of the Chuska, assigning beds previously included in the lowermost Chuska to his Deza Formation. Repenning, Lance, and Irwin reported in 1958 that the contact between the Deza Formation and Chuska Sandstone was gradational and difficult to map, and concluded that the Deza Formation should be abandoned and its beds included in the Chuska, a conclusion shared by later researchers. However, Spencer G. Lucas and Steven M. Cather assigned the Deza beds to the Deza Member of the Chuska Sandstone.
Footnotes
References
Colorado Plateau
Neogene Arizona
Neogene formations of New Mexico
Sandstone formations of the United States |
The Eastern Morning News was a newspaper based in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Founded by William Saunders in 1864, it ceased publication in November 1929.
History
The Eastern Morning News was founded in 1864 by Liberal politician William Saunders, it was Hull's first daily paper. The paper was a substantial and serious publication, independent but with Liberal leanings, covering both local and world news, with coverage of finance and shipping, and with editorial comment, intended for an informed or professional audience.
The launch of the BBC's radio news service as well as the 1930s recession contributed to the end of publication of the paper and its Saturday sister publication the Hull News on 8 November 1929; the publishing company re-focused on the publication of an enlarged edition of the Hull Evening News, which ceased publication in 1930, taken over by a rival; the more financially secure and Conservative biased Daily Mail.
See also
Western Morning News, covering south-west England, also founded by William Saunders
References
Citations
Sources
External links
19th-century publications
Newspapers published in Yorkshire
Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Newspapers established in 1864
Publications disestablished in 1929
1864 establishments in England
1929 disestablishments in England
Mass media in Kingston upon Hull
Daily newspapers published in the United Kingdom |
Miriam Bienstock (née Kahan, later Abramson, January 4, 1923 – March 21, 2015) was an American record company executive who was influential in the early days of Atlantic Records, becoming the company's vice president in 1958. She later became a theatrical producer.
Life and career
Miriam Kahan was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants Sylvia and Abraham Kahan. She studied at Erasmus Hall High School and Brooklyn College. After taking piano lessons she developed an interest in jazz, and in 1945 married record producer Herb Abramson. In 1947, Abramson joined with Ahmet Ertegun to form Atlantic Records, and Miriam took charge of the fledgling company's finances and production, handling payments to musicians and negotiating distribution deals. She also claimed to have acted as Ruth Brown's manager for a while. As the company flourished with such artists as Ruth Brown, Ray Charles, the Coasters, and the Drifters, she expanded her role as the company's business manager, and negotiated a distribution deal with Decca Records in London in 1955.
She and Herb Abramson divorced in the mid-1950s, after he returned from a spell in the military, and in 1957 she married music publisher Freddy Bienstock. In 1958, Miriam Bienstock was named vice president of Atlantic, in charge of publishing. A profile of her in Billboard that year, headed “Atlantic's 'Money Man' Is a Woman,” described her as "one of the few women executives in the record industry, a business heretofore noted for its lack of fem talent.” She ran the company office and developed a reputation for toughness, later stating: "If the distributors didn't pay their bills, I was very nasty." Ahmet Ertegun said of her: "Miriam was an important person in keeping discipline at Atlantic Records, and keeping everything on the up-and-up... She is unheralded, unrecognized, but if we hadn't had her in those developing years, the company would have folded. She also had very good taste in music.” Although some musicians were critical of the level of royalties they received through her, she said: "We didn't try to cheat anybody, and what we did was normal practice at the time. We paid the royalties, and if they had problems, we'd give them money."
She left Atlantic in the early 1960s, selling her stake in the company to Ertegun and others. She then started theatre work, producing the musical Elvis in London in 1977, using music mostly controlled by her husband Freddy Bienstock's publishing company. She also produced a play, Strider, that ran on Broadway in 1979-1980 and invested in the 2014 musical Beautiful, based on the work of Carole King.
Death
She died at her home in Manhattan in 2015, at the age of 92. Both of her husbands predeceased her; she left a son, Robert Bienstock, and a daughter, Caroline Bienstock.
References
External links
Miriam Bienstock Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (2012)
1923 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesswomen
American music industry executives
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
People from Brooklyn
Erasmus Hall High School alumni
Brooklyn College alumni
21st-century American women |
Pim van Vugt (born 25 January 1995 in Vlaardingen) is a sailor from the Netherlands.
By finishing on the 8th place at the 2019 49er & 49er FX World Championships on 8 December 2019 in Auckland, together with his partner Bart Lambriex he grabbed one of the four available international qualification spots for the 2020 Summer Olympics. On 4 October 2020, by finishing on the 6th place at the 2020 49er & 49er FX & Nacra17 European Championships in Lake Attersee in Austria, he also met the full national standards for qualifying for the above.
Sailing results
Olympic Games
6th 2021 Tokyo - 49er class - With Bart Lambriex
World Championships
2018 RS500 Weymouth (GBR) - Helmsmen (with sister Lisa van Vugt)
2016 RS500 Travemünde (GER) - Helmsmen (with sister Lisa van Vugt)
8th 2019 49er Auckland (NZL) - Crew (with Bart Lambriex)
11th 2020 49er Geelong (AUS) - Crew (with Bart Lambriex)
European Championships
2022 Javelin Workum - Helmsmen (with Wouter Stiphout)
() 2023 STAR U30 Europeans Attersee- Helmsmen (with Robin Jacobs) NO TITLE/UNCOMPLETED
6th 2020 49er - European Championship Attersee
National Championships
2023 Solo class Braassem
2023 Javelin class Amstelmeer - Helm (crew Wouter Stiphout) (unrecognized)
2023 Spanker class Heeg - Helm (crew Mart Kegel)
2022 Solo class - Loosdrecht
2022 RS500 Bruinisse - Helmsmen (with sister Lisa van Vugt)
2022 Solo class Sprint - Gouda
2021 Solo class Sneek
2021 National Sailing Leagues J/70 Muiden - Trim (with Sven Coster, Ivo Polderman & Mees de Graaf) (unrecognized)
2021 SB20 class Medemblik - foredeck/trim (with Jasper ten Berge & Simon Anink)
2021 Javelin class Heeg - Helmsmen (with sister Lisa van Vugt)
2020 RS500 Bruinisse - Helmsmen (with sister Lisa van Vugt)
2019 RS500 Bruinisse - Helmsmen (with sister Lisa van Vugt)
2019 49er Medemblik - Crew (with Bart Lambriex) (Class Championship)
2018 49er Medemblik - Helmsmen (with Bart Lambriex) (Class Championship)
2018 Solo class Braassemermeer
2017 British Nationals RS100 Netley/Southampton
2017 49er Medemblik - Helmsmen(with Lars van Stekelenborg) (Class Championship)
2016 49er FX Medemblik - Crew (with Bart Lambriex) (Class Championship)
Others
2021 49er Crew - World Cup Allianz Regatta Medemblik
2016 - RedBull Foiling Generation Crew
References
Living people
1995 births
Sportspeople from Vlaardingen
Dutch male sailors (sport)
49er class sailors
Sailors at the 2020 Summer Olympics – 49er
RS500 class world champions
World champions in sailing for the Netherlands |
Pseudalsophis darwini, otherwise known as Darwin's racer, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
Name
This species of snake is named after the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, who described many species in the Galapagos Islands and discovered the theory of evolution.
Geographic range
The snake is endemic to Fernandina Island and Isabela Island in the Galápagos Islands, as well as a small islet nearby, Isla Tortuga.
References
Pseudalsophis
Snakes of South America
Reptiles of Ecuador
Endemic reptiles of the Galápagos Islands
Endemic fauna of Ecuador
Reptiles described in 2018 |
```python
`Dictionary` - standard mapping type
`Dictionary` view objects
Double ended queues with `deque`
Best way to implement a simple `queue`
Get more with `collections`!
``` |
```scss
// Hero
.hero {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
padding-bottom: 4rem;
padding-top: 4rem;
&.hero-sm {
padding-bottom: 2rem;
padding-top: 2rem;
}
&.hero-lg {
padding-bottom: 8rem;
padding-top: 8rem;
}
.hero-body {
padding: $layout-spacing;
}
}
``` |
```javascript
Treating a boolean as number
Setting the length of an array
Labeling your loops
Infix operators are left-associative
Infinity
``` |
Cuccù or Cucù ("Cuckoo") is an Italian card game, over 300 years old, that is playable by two to twenty players and which uses a special pack of 40 cards. It is a comparing game in which there is only one winner, and is unusual in that each player only receives one card.
History
The origins of Cuccù lie in the French card game of Mécontent (Malcontent) whose first references date to the early 16th century. The game, which is still played today, was also known as Hère but eventually the name Coucou ("Cuckoo") prevailed.
The game migrated to Italy, where the earliest mention of "Malcontento" dates to 1547, but it was in the early 18th century that the first dedicated decks for what became known as Cuccù (Cuccù, Cucco, Cucu or Stu) appeared; the pack consisting of 38 cards. These special Cuccù packs are the earliest surviving examples of a family of non-suited packs, sometimes referred to as the Cambio family. They originally had 38 cards divided into two more-or-less identical sets of cards, each set comprising eleven numeral cards, with Roman numerals from 0 (low) to X (high), and eight picture cards, the lion of the modern pack being the missing card.
The oldest known rules were published the Al Mondo company and date to 1717. These were included in the pack of cards produced in Bologna by Giulio Borzaghi. On the title card of another pack, the cards were described as a new game with the Fool. As in the original card game, suits do not matter but rank is very important. Compared with a full 52-card pack, the new one reduced the number of cards but added more ranks to produce two identical sequences of 18 cards. The most unusual feature of the new pack was the inclusion of cards depicting a Fool which were not ranked within the sequence. perhaps inspired by the Fool in Italian Tarot card games. The game was also known to be played with wooden pieces in Venice during the late 18th-century, possibly as a way of avoiding the stamp tax.
Cuccù was popular among sailors and mercenaries in the eighteenth century, allowing the game to spread to other parts of Europe and several local variants arose. As it migrated north, the number of cards and the name of the game changed. In Germany, Bavaria, and Austria, for example, it became Hexenspiel ("Witch") or Vogelspiel ("Bird"). The game had reached Denmark-Norway as Gniao, later Gnav, by the 18th century and another ban on gambling card games led to it following the Italian example and being reinvented as a game with pieces. The game also reached the Netherlands, as Slabberjan, and Sweden, as Cambio (Italian for "exchange") and, later, Kille.
By 1824, a trick-taking game played with Cuccù cards had emerged in Lombardy, which regarded the pack as comprising two suits – numerals and 'figures' (picture cards) – there being a requirement to follow suit. Today, the only cardmaker of Cuccù cards is Masenghini, whose pack comes with a set of instructions in Italian for the usual comparing game.
In modern Italy, the game is played with original rules only in the small Abruzzi towns of Campli and Montorio al Vomano, both in the Teramo province. The same cards are also used in Brescia and Bergamo provinces but with different rules from the original.
Cards
There are 40 cards in a modern Cuccù pack which rank in descending order as follows:
Rules
The following rules are based on pagat.com.
Players pay a stake to the pool and receive 3 counters each. Having drawn cards, the player with the highest becomes the first dealer. The dealer shuffles and has the pack cut by the player to the left before dealing one card each in anticlockwise order. Cards are dealt from the bottom of the pack. As each card is dealt, the dealer pauses while the player decides whether to keep the card by saying "fine" (sto bene) or exchange it by saying "pass" (passo). If the player opts to exchange the card with the next player to the right (the 'holder' of the wanted card), the dealer deals the holder a card and, if it is a ten (X) or lower, the exchange goes ahead. If the holder gets a card ranking from XI to XV, the following actions occur:
XV - holder shows the Cuckoo and the exchange does not go ahead.
XIIII - holder shows the Hunter and mimes shooting at the exchanger. The exchange does not go ahead and the exchanger loses a counter.
XIII - holder shows the Horse and neighs or makes a galloping sound. The exchanger must now try to exchange with the next player in line. If the holder is the dealer, the exchanger takes the top card of the stock.
XII - holder shows the Cat and miaows. The exchanger loses a counter and, if the exchanger received a card as an exchange, all the exchanges to date are reversed.
XI - holder shows the Tavern and says "will you stay a while?". The exchanger may forgo the exchange or say "will you pay if I have nothing?" If the innkeeper refuses, the exchange goes ahead; if he agrees, both keep their cards and if the exchanger has the Zero and it loses, the innkeeper pays a counter instead of the guest.
Talking and bluffing are allowed.
Once all have had a chance to exchange, the players expose their cards and the lowest one loses a counter. If players tie, each loses a counter. If one player has the Fool it is equal to the lowest card other card in play (unless the lowest is a Cuckoo), so both the holder of the Fool and the player(s) with the lowest cards lose counters. If two players have Fools, they rank as the second highest cards. A player with no counters left drops out; if this happens during play, their card is not involved in deciding the loser of the hand.
The last player left in is the winner and sweeps the pool.
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
Pratesi, Franco (1990). "Italian Cards – New Discoveries: 13 – Cards and Men for Cucù" in The Playing-Card, Vol. 19, No. 2 (November 1990), pp. 68–76.
Smith, A. G. (1991). "The 'Cambio' Packs and the Games Played with Them. I. Hexenspiel and Quittli" in The Playing-Card, Vol. XIX, No. 3 (February 1991), pp. 93ff.
Smith, A. G. (1992). "The 'Cambio' Packs and the Games Played with Them. III. Cuccu" in The Playing-Card, Vol. XX, No. 1 (August 1991), pp. 22–28.
External links
Cucù at pagat.com.
The cuckoo family of playing cards at cards.old.no.
Italian card games
Round games
18th-century card games
Cuckoo group |
```java
Updating interfaces by using `default` methods
Metadata: creating a user-defined file attribute
There is no such thing as *pass-by-reference* in Java
Limit Accessibility of `Fields`
Using an interface as a parameter
``` |
The Farmers and Producers Political Union (FPPU) was an independent conservative agrarian political party founded in South Australia in reaction to Labor, keen to fend off a perceived threat to the FPPU's interests against a rising labour movement and Labor. The rural stockowners and graziers were concerned at the concentration of the Australasian National League (ANL) on the metropolitan electorates and urban issues, leading to the formation of the FPPU which had a conservative political agenda, and was absolutely opposed to franchise reform. It was essentially the rural wing of the ANL. The FPPU was created in 1904 and lasted until after the 1910 election when it merged with the Liberal and Democratic Union and the National Defence League to become the Liberal Union.
On their own the FPPU won an 8.8 percent vote at both the 1905 and 1906 election, winning nine and five seats respectively.
See also
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1905–1906
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1906–1910
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1910–1912
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 1910–1912
References
Wakefield Companion to South Australian History - by Wilfrid Prest, Kerrie Round, Carol Fort, 2001
The Emergence of the Australian party system - by Peter Loveday, Allan William Martin, 1977
History of South Australian elections 1857-2006, volume 1: ECSA
Notes
Defunct political parties in South Australia
Conservative parties in Australia
1904 establishments in Australia
Political parties established in 1904
Agrarian parties in Australia |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var filled3d = require( '@stdlib/array/base/filled3d' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Returns a zero-filled three-dimensional nested array.
*
* @param {NonNegativeIntegerArray} shape - array shape
* @returns {Array} filled array
*
* @example
* var out = zeros3d( [ 1, 1, 3 ] );
* // returns [ [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] ]
*/
function zeros3d( shape ) {
return filled3d( 0.0, shape );
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = zeros3d;
``` |
Shahrak-e Shahid Nowruzian (, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Shahīd Nowrūzīān) is a village in Kolijan Rostaq-e Olya Rural District, Kolijan Rostaq District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 817, in 248 families.
References
Populated places in Sari County |
```smalltalk
// This file is licensed under the BSD-Clause 2 license.
// See the license.txt file in the project root for more information.
using Markdig.Helpers;
using Markdig.Parsers;
using Markdig.Syntax;
namespace Markdig.Extensions.Footers;
/// <summary>
/// A block parser for a <see cref="FooterBlock"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <seealso cref="BlockParser" />
public class FooterBlockParser : BlockParser
{
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="FooterBlockParser"/> class.
/// </summary>
public FooterBlockParser()
{
OpeningCharacters = ['^'];
}
public override BlockState TryOpen(BlockProcessor processor)
{
if (processor.IsCodeIndent)
{
return BlockState.None;
}
var column = processor.Column;
var startPosition = processor.Start;
// A footer
// A Footer marker consists of 0-3 spaces of initial indent, plus (a) the characters ^^ together with a following space, or (b) a double character ^^ not followed by a space.
var openingChar = processor.CurrentChar;
if (processor.PeekChar(1) != openingChar)
{
return BlockState.None;
}
processor.NextChar(); // Grab 2nd^
var c = processor.NextChar(); // grab space
if (c.IsSpaceOrTab())
{
processor.NextColumn();
}
processor.NewBlocks.Push(new FooterBlock(this)
{
Span = new SourceSpan(startPosition, processor.Line.End),
OpeningCharacter = openingChar,
Column = column,
Line = processor.LineIndex,
});
return BlockState.Continue;
}
public override BlockState TryContinue(BlockProcessor processor, Block block)
{
if (processor.IsCodeIndent)
{
return BlockState.None;
}
var quote = (FooterBlock) block;
// A footer
// A Footer marker consists of 0-3 spaces of initial indent, plus (a) the characters ^^ together with a following space, or (b) a double character ^^ not followed by a space.
var c = processor.CurrentChar;
var result = BlockState.Continue;
if (c != quote.OpeningCharacter || processor.PeekChar(1) != c)
{
result = processor.IsBlankLine ? BlockState.BreakDiscard : BlockState.None;
}
else
{
processor.NextChar(); // Skip ^^ char (1st)
c = processor.NextChar(); // Skip ^^ char (2nd)
if (c.IsSpace())
{
processor.NextChar(); // Skip following space
}
block.UpdateSpanEnd(processor.Line.End);
}
return result;
}
}
``` |
Mayfield, historically Ballinamought (), is a suburb on the north-side of Cork City, Ireland. Mayfield is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork North-Central.
Name
The area was originally called Baile na mBocht in Irish and Anglicised as "Ballinamought". A number of works, including those of etymologist and historian Patrick Weston Joyce, translate Baile na mBocht as "town of the poor [people]". Other sources translate it as "town of the sick", as the area was reputedly the site of a medieval leper colony. A path leading from the area towards the river, known in Irish as Siúl na Lobhar (literally 'Lepers Walk') is known in English as "Lover's Walk".
Geography
Mayfield is bounded to the north by the Glen River Valley, an aquiferous geological formation produced by a receding glacier during the last ice age. Habitats, flora and fauna within the area include the small cudweed and the sand martin, a migratory bird species that returns from North Africa each spring to breed in the porous sand cliffs along sections of the river valley north.
Notable people
Michael Davitt, poet
Dara Murphy, former Lord Mayor of Cork
Roy Keane, Irish footballer, was born and grew up in Mayfield
James Coughlan, Irish rugby union player for Munster
Kieran 'Fraggy' Murphy, former Cork senior hurling captain
See also
List of towns and villages in Ireland
References
Geography of Cork (city) |
Mollohan Mill is a historic grist mill located near Replete, Webster County, West Virginia. It was built in 1894, and is a two-story frame gable-roofed building on a cut stone foundation. It is constructed of hewn post and beam timber construction and measures 38 feet long and 23 feet wide. The Mollohan Mill operated from 1894 until 1953.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
References
External links
WCHS-8, Mollohan Mill: A historic spot in Webster County video
Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Industrial buildings completed in 1894
Buildings and structures in Webster County, West Virginia
Grinding mills in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Webster County, West Virginia |
```objective-c
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
// from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#ifndef PX_COLLISION_ACTORPAIR
#define PX_COLLISION_ACTORPAIR
#include "ScRigidSim.h"
#include "ScContactStream.h"
#include "ScNPhaseCore.h"
namespace physx
{
namespace Sc
{
class ActorPairContactReportData
{
public:
ActorPairContactReportData() :
mStrmResetStamp (0xffffffff),
mActorAID (0xffffffff),
mActorBID (0xffffffff),
mPxActorA (NULL),
mPxActorB (NULL),
mActorAClientID (0xff),
mActorBClientID (0xff),
mActorAClientBehavior (0),
mActorBClientBehavior (0)
{}
ContactStreamManager mContactStreamManager;
PxU32 mStrmResetStamp;
PxU32 mActorAID;
PxU32 mActorBID;
PxActor* mPxActorA;
PxActor* mPxActorB;
PxClientID mActorAClientID;
PxClientID mActorBClientID;
PxU8 mActorAClientBehavior;
PxU8 mActorBClientBehavior;
};
/**
\brief Class shared by all shape interactions for a pair of actors.
This base class is used if no shape pair of an actor pair has contact reports requested.
*/
class ActorPair
{
public:
enum ActorPairFlags
{
eIS_REPORT_PAIR = (1<<0),
eNEXT_FREE = (1<<1)
};
PX_FORCE_INLINE ActorPair() : mInternalFlags(0), mTouchCount(0), mRefCount(0) {}
PX_FORCE_INLINE ~ActorPair() {}
PX_FORCE_INLINE Ps::IntBool isReportPair() const { return (mInternalFlags & eIS_REPORT_PAIR); }
PX_FORCE_INLINE void incTouchCount() { mTouchCount++; PX_ASSERT(mTouchCount); }
PX_FORCE_INLINE void decTouchCount() { PX_ASSERT(mTouchCount); mTouchCount--; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE PxU32 getTouchCount() const { return mTouchCount; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE void incRefCount() { ++mRefCount; PX_ASSERT(mRefCount>0); }
PX_FORCE_INLINE PxU32 decRefCount() { PX_ASSERT(mRefCount>0); return --mRefCount; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE PxU32 getRefCount() const { return mRefCount; }
private:
ActorPair& operator=(const ActorPair&);
protected:
PxU16 mInternalFlags;
PxU16 mTouchCount;
PxU16 mRefCount;
PxU16 mPad; // instances of this class are stored in a pool which needs an item size of at least size_t
};
/**
\brief Class shared by all shape interactions for a pair of actors if contact reports are requested.
This class is used if at least one shape pair of an actor pair has contact reports requested.
\note If a pair of actors had contact reports requested for some of the shape interactions but all of them switch to not wanting contact reports
any longer, then the ActorPairReport instance is kept being used and won't get replaced by a simpler ActorPair instance.
*/
class ActorPairReport : public ActorPair
{
public:
enum ActorPairReportFlags
{
eIS_IN_CONTACT_REPORT_ACTOR_PAIR_SET = ActorPair::eNEXT_FREE // PT: whether the pair is already stored in the 'ContactReportActorPairSet' or not
};
PX_FORCE_INLINE ActorPairReport(RigidSim&, RigidSim&);
PX_FORCE_INLINE ~ActorPairReport();
PX_INLINE ContactStreamManager& createContactStreamManager(NPhaseCore&);
PX_FORCE_INLINE ContactStreamManager& getContactStreamManager() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mContactStreamManager; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE RigidSim& getActorA() const { return mActorA; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE RigidSim& getActorB() const { return mActorB; }
PX_INLINE PxU32 getActorAID() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mActorAID; }
PX_INLINE PxU32 getActorBID() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mActorBID; }
PX_INLINE PxActor* getPxActorA() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mPxActorA; }
PX_INLINE PxActor* getPxActorB() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mPxActorB; }
PX_INLINE PxClientID getActorAClientID() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mActorAClientID; }
PX_INLINE PxClientID getActorBClientID() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mActorBClientID; }
PX_INLINE PxU8 getActorAClientBehavior() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mActorAClientBehavior; }
PX_INLINE PxU8 getActorBClientBehavior() const { PX_ASSERT(mReportData); return mReportData->mActorBClientBehavior; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE bool streamResetNeeded(PxU32 cmpStamp) const;
PX_INLINE bool streamResetStamp(PxU32 cmpStamp);
PX_FORCE_INLINE PxU16 isInContactReportActorPairSet() const { return PxU16(mInternalFlags & eIS_IN_CONTACT_REPORT_ACTOR_PAIR_SET); }
PX_FORCE_INLINE void setInContactReportActorPairSet() { mInternalFlags |= eIS_IN_CONTACT_REPORT_ACTOR_PAIR_SET; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE void clearInContactReportActorPairSet() { mInternalFlags &= ~eIS_IN_CONTACT_REPORT_ACTOR_PAIR_SET; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE void createContactReportData(NPhaseCore&);
PX_FORCE_INLINE void releaseContactReportData(NPhaseCore&);
PX_FORCE_INLINE const ActorPairContactReportData* hasReportData() const { return mReportData; }
PX_FORCE_INLINE void convert(ActorPair& aPair) { PX_ASSERT(!aPair.isReportPair()); mTouchCount = PxU16(aPair.getTouchCount()); mRefCount = PxU16(aPair.getRefCount()); }
PX_FORCE_INLINE static ActorPairReport& cast(ActorPair& aPair) { PX_ASSERT(aPair.isReportPair()); return static_cast<ActorPairReport&>(aPair); }
private:
ActorPairReport& operator=(const ActorPairReport&);
RigidSim& mActorA;
RigidSim& mActorB;
ActorPairContactReportData* mReportData;
};
} // namespace Sc
PX_FORCE_INLINE Sc::ActorPairReport::ActorPairReport(RigidSim& actor0, RigidSim& actor1) : ActorPair(),
mActorA (actor0),
mActorB (actor1),
mReportData (NULL)
{
PX_ASSERT(mInternalFlags == 0);
mInternalFlags = ActorPair::eIS_REPORT_PAIR;
}
PX_FORCE_INLINE Sc::ActorPairReport::~ActorPairReport()
{
PX_ASSERT(mReportData == NULL);
}
PX_FORCE_INLINE bool Sc::ActorPairReport::streamResetNeeded(PxU32 cmpStamp) const
{
return (cmpStamp != mReportData->mStrmResetStamp);
}
PX_INLINE bool Sc::ActorPairReport::streamResetStamp(PxU32 cmpStamp)
{
PX_ASSERT(mReportData);
const bool ret = streamResetNeeded(cmpStamp);
mReportData->mStrmResetStamp = cmpStamp;
return ret;
}
PX_INLINE Sc::ContactStreamManager& Sc::ActorPairReport::createContactStreamManager(NPhaseCore& npCore)
{
// Lazy create report data
if(!mReportData)
createContactReportData(npCore);
return mReportData->mContactStreamManager;
}
PX_FORCE_INLINE void Sc::ActorPairReport::createContactReportData(NPhaseCore& npCore)
{
PX_ASSERT(!mReportData);
Sc::ActorPairContactReportData* reportData = npCore.createActorPairContactReportData();
mReportData = reportData;
if(reportData)
{
reportData->mActorAID = mActorA.getRigidID();
reportData->mActorBID = mActorB.getRigidID();
reportData->mPxActorA = mActorA.getPxActor();
reportData->mPxActorB = mActorB.getPxActor();
const ActorCore& actorCoreA = mActorA.getActorCore();
const ActorCore& actorCoreB = mActorB.getActorCore();
reportData->mActorAClientID = actorCoreA.getOwnerClient();
reportData->mActorBClientID = actorCoreB.getOwnerClient();
reportData->mActorAClientBehavior = actorCoreA.getClientBehaviorFlags();
reportData->mActorBClientBehavior = actorCoreB.getClientBehaviorFlags();
}
}
PX_FORCE_INLINE void Sc::ActorPairReport::releaseContactReportData(NPhaseCore& npCore)
{
// Can't take the NPhaseCore (scene) reference from the actors since they're already gone on scene release
if (mReportData != NULL)
{
npCore.releaseActorPairContactReportData(mReportData);
mReportData = NULL;
}
}
}
#endif
``` |
Deuterophysa luniferalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Brazil.
References
Moths described in 1913
Pyraustinae |
```java
/*******************************************************************************
* All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
* which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
* path_to_url
*
*
* Contributors:
* Red Hat Inc. - initial API and implementation
*******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Collection;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.CoreException;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IPath;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IProgressMonitor;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.OperationCanceledException;
public interface IProjectImporter {
void initialize(File rootFolder);
boolean applies(IProgressMonitor monitor) throws OperationCanceledException, CoreException;
/**
* Check whether the importer applies to the given project configurations.
* @param projectConfigurations Collection of the project configurations.
* @param monitor progress monitor.
* @throws CoreException
* @throws OperationCanceledException
*/
default boolean applies(Collection<IPath> projectConfigurations, IProgressMonitor monitor) throws OperationCanceledException, CoreException {
return applies(monitor);
}
default boolean isResolved(File folder) throws OperationCanceledException, CoreException {
return false;
};
void importToWorkspace(IProgressMonitor monitor) throws OperationCanceledException, CoreException;
void reset();
}
``` |
```go
package ipfscluster
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"errors"
"fmt"
"mime/multipart"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/adder"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/adder/sharding"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/adder/single"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/api"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/pstoremgr"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/rpcutil"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/state"
"github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/version"
"go.uber.org/multierr"
ds "github.com/ipfs/go-datastore"
rpc "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-gorpc"
dual "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/dual"
host "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/host"
metrics "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/metrics"
peer "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/peer"
peerstore "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/peerstore"
mdns "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/p2p/discovery/mdns"
ma "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr"
ocgorpc "github.com/lanzafame/go-libp2p-ocgorpc"
trace "go.opencensus.io/trace"
)
// ReadyTimeout specifies the time before giving up
// during startup (waiting for consensus to be ready)
// It may need adjustment according to timeouts in the
// consensus layer.
var ReadyTimeout = 30 * time.Second
const (
pingMetricName = "ping"
bootstrapCount = 3
reBootstrapInterval = 30 * time.Second
priorityPeerReconnectInterval = 5 * time.Minute
mdnsServiceTag = "_ipfs-cluster-discovery._udp"
maxAlerts = 1000
)
var errFollowerMode = errors.New("this peer is configured to be in follower mode. Write operations are disabled")
// Cluster is the main IPFS cluster component. It provides
// the go-API for it and orchestrates the components that make up the system.
type Cluster struct {
ctx context.Context
cancel func()
id peer.ID
config *Config
host host.Host
bandwidthReporter metrics.Reporter
dht *dual.DHT
discovery mdns.Service
datastore ds.Datastore
rpcServer *rpc.Server
rpcClient *rpc.Client
peerManager *pstoremgr.Manager
consensus Consensus
apis []API
ipfs IPFSConnector
tracker PinTracker
monitor PeerMonitor
allocator PinAllocator
informers []Informer
tracer Tracer
alerts []api.Alert
alertsMux sync.Mutex
doneCh chan struct{}
readyCh chan struct{}
readyB bool
wg sync.WaitGroup
// peerAdd
paMux sync.Mutex
// shutdown function and related variables
shutdownLock sync.RWMutex
shutdownB bool
removed bool
curPingVal pingValue
}
// NewCluster builds a new IPFS Cluster peer. It initializes a LibP2P host,
// creates and RPC Server and client and sets up all components.
//
// The new cluster peer may still be performing initialization tasks when
// this call returns (consensus may still be bootstrapping). Use Cluster.Ready()
// if you need to wait until the peer is fully up.
func NewCluster(
ctx context.Context,
host host.Host,
bwc metrics.Reporter,
dht *dual.DHT,
cfg *Config,
datastore ds.Datastore,
consensus Consensus,
apis []API,
ipfs IPFSConnector,
tracker PinTracker,
monitor PeerMonitor,
allocator PinAllocator,
informers []Informer,
tracer Tracer,
) (*Cluster, error) {
err := cfg.Validate()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if host == nil {
return nil, errors.New("cluster host is nil")
}
if len(informers) == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("no informers are passed")
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
listenAddrs := ""
for _, addr := range host.Addrs() {
listenAddrs += fmt.Sprintf(" %s/p2p/%s\n", addr, host.ID())
}
logger.Infof("IPFS Cluster v%s listening on:\n%s\n", version.Version, listenAddrs)
peerManager := pstoremgr.New(ctx, host, cfg.GetPeerstorePath())
var mdnsSvc mdns.Service
if cfg.MDNSInterval > 0 {
mdnsSvc = mdns.NewMdnsService(host, mdnsServiceTag, peerManager)
err = mdnsSvc.Start()
if err != nil {
logger.Warnf("mDNS could not be started: %s", err)
}
}
c := &Cluster{
ctx: ctx,
cancel: cancel,
id: host.ID(),
config: cfg,
host: host,
bandwidthReporter: bwc,
dht: dht,
discovery: mdnsSvc,
datastore: datastore,
consensus: consensus,
apis: apis,
ipfs: ipfs,
tracker: tracker,
monitor: monitor,
allocator: allocator,
informers: informers,
tracer: tracer,
alerts: []api.Alert{},
peerManager: peerManager,
shutdownB: false,
removed: false,
doneCh: make(chan struct{}),
readyCh: make(chan struct{}),
readyB: false,
}
// PeerAddresses are assumed to be permanent and have the maximum
// priority for bootstrapping.
c.peerManager.ImportPeersWithPriority(c.config.PeerAddresses, false, peerstore.PermanentAddrTTL, 0)
// Peerstore addresses come afterwards and have increasing priorities
// for bootstrapping and non permanent TTL (1h).
c.peerManager.ImportPeersFromPeerstore(false, peerstore.AddressTTL)
// Attempt to connect to some peers.
connectedPeers := c.peerManager.Bootstrap(bootstrapCount, true, true)
// We cannot warn when count is low as this as this is normal if going
// to Join() later.
logger.Debugf("Bootstrapped to %d peers successfully", len(connectedPeers))
// Log a ping metric for every connected peer. This will make them
// visible as peers without having to wait for them to send one.
for _, p := range connectedPeers {
if err := c.logPingMetric(ctx, p); err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
}
}
// After setupRPC components can do their tasks with a fully operative
// routed libp2p host with some connections and a working DHT (hopefully).
err = c.setupRPC()
if err != nil {
c.Shutdown(ctx)
return nil, err
}
c.setupRPCClients()
// Note: It is very important to first call Add() once in a non-racy
// place
c.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer c.wg.Done()
c.ready(ReadyTimeout)
c.run()
}()
return c, nil
}
func (c *Cluster) setupRPC() error {
rpcServer, err := newRPCServer(c)
if err != nil {
return err
}
c.rpcServer = rpcServer
var rpcClient *rpc.Client
if c.config.Tracing {
csh := &ocgorpc.ClientHandler{}
rpcClient = rpc.NewClientWithServer(
c.host,
version.RPCProtocol,
rpcServer,
rpc.WithClientStatsHandler(csh),
)
} else {
rpcClient = rpc.NewClientWithServer(c.host, version.RPCProtocol, rpcServer)
}
c.rpcClient = rpcClient
return nil
}
func (c *Cluster) setupRPCClients() {
c.ipfs.SetClient(c.rpcClient)
c.tracker.SetClient(c.rpcClient)
for _, api := range c.apis {
api.SetClient(c.rpcClient)
}
c.consensus.SetClient(c.rpcClient)
c.monitor.SetClient(c.rpcClient)
c.allocator.SetClient(c.rpcClient)
for _, informer := range c.informers {
informer.SetClient(c.rpcClient)
}
}
// watchPinset triggers recurrent operations that loop on the pinset.
func (c *Cluster) watchPinset() {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(c.ctx, "cluster/watchPinset")
defer span.End()
stateSyncTimer := time.NewTimer(c.config.StateSyncInterval)
// Upon start, every item in the state that is not pinned will appear
// as PinError when doing a Status, we should proceed to recover
// (try pinning) all of those right away.
recoverTimer := time.NewTimer(0) // 0 so that it does an initial recover right away
// This prevents doing an StateSync while doing a RecoverAllLocal,
// which is intended behavior as for very large pinsets
for {
select {
case <-stateSyncTimer.C:
logger.Debug("auto-triggering StateSync()")
c.StateSync(ctx)
stateSyncTimer.Reset(c.config.StateSyncInterval)
case <-recoverTimer.C:
logger.Debug("auto-triggering RecoverAllLocal()")
out := make(chan api.PinInfo, 1024)
go func() {
for range out {
}
}()
err := c.RecoverAllLocal(ctx, out)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
}
recoverTimer.Reset(c.config.PinRecoverInterval)
case <-c.ctx.Done():
if !stateSyncTimer.Stop() {
<-stateSyncTimer.C
}
if !recoverTimer.Stop() {
<-recoverTimer.C
}
return
}
}
}
// returns the smallest ttl from the metrics pushed by the informer.
func (c *Cluster) sendInformerMetrics(ctx context.Context, informer Informer) (time.Duration, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/sendInformerMetric")
defer span.End()
var minTTL time.Duration
var errors error
metrics := informer.GetMetrics(ctx)
if len(metrics) == 0 {
logger.Errorf("informer %s produced no metrics", informer.Name())
return minTTL, nil
}
for _, metric := range metrics {
if metric.Discard() { // do not publish invalid metrics
// the tags informer creates an invalid metric
// when no tags are defined.
continue
}
metric.Peer = c.id
ttl := metric.GetTTL()
if ttl > 0 && (ttl < minTTL || minTTL == 0) {
minTTL = ttl
}
err := c.monitor.PublishMetric(ctx, metric)
if multierr.AppendInto(&errors, err) {
logger.Warnf("error sending metric %s: %s", metric.Name, err)
}
}
return minTTL, errors
}
func (c *Cluster) sendInformersMetrics(ctx context.Context) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/sendInformersMetrics")
defer span.End()
var errors error
for _, informer := range c.informers {
_, err := c.sendInformerMetrics(ctx, informer)
if multierr.AppendInto(&errors, err) {
logger.Warnf("informer %s did not send all metrics", informer.Name())
}
}
return errors
}
// pushInformerMetrics loops and publishes informers metrics using the
// cluster monitor. Metrics are pushed normally at a TTL/2 rate. If an error
// occurs, they are pushed at a TTL/4 rate.
func (c *Cluster) pushInformerMetrics(ctx context.Context, informer Informer) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/pushInformerMetrics")
defer span.End()
timer := time.NewTimer(0) // fire immediately first
// retries counts how many retries we have made
retries := 0
// retryWarnMod controls how often do we log
// "error broadcasting metric".
// It will do it in the first error, and then on every
// 10th.
retryWarnMod := 10
for {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return
case <-timer.C:
// wait
}
minTTL, err := c.sendInformerMetrics(ctx, informer)
if minTTL == 0 {
minTTL = 30 * time.Second
}
if err != nil {
if (retries % retryWarnMod) == 0 {
logger.Errorf("error broadcasting metric: %s", err)
retries++
}
// retry sooner
timer.Reset(minTTL / 4)
continue
}
retries = 0
// send metric again in TTL/2
timer.Reset(minTTL / 2)
}
}
func (c *Cluster) sendPingMetric(ctx context.Context) (api.Metric, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/sendPingMetric")
defer span.End()
id := c.ID(ctx)
newPingVal := pingValue{
Peername: id.Peername,
IPFSID: id.IPFS.ID,
IPFSAddresses: publicIPFSAddresses(id.IPFS.Addresses),
}
if c.curPingVal.Valid() &&
!newPingVal.Valid() { // i.e. ipfs down
newPingVal = c.curPingVal // use last good value
}
c.curPingVal = newPingVal
v, err := json.Marshal(newPingVal)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
// continue anyways
}
metric := api.Metric{
Name: pingMetricName,
Peer: c.id,
Valid: true,
Value: string(v),
}
metric.SetTTL(c.config.MonitorPingInterval * 2)
return metric, c.monitor.PublishMetric(ctx, metric)
}
// logPingMetric logs a ping metric as if it had been sent from PID. It is
// used to make peers appear available as soon as we connect to them (without
// having to wait for them to broadcast a metric).
//
// We avoid specifically sending a metric to a peer when we "connect" to it
// because: a) this requires an extra. OPEN RPC endpoint (LogMetric) that can
// be called by everyone b) We have no way of verifying that the peer ID in a
// metric pushed is actually the issuer of the metric (something the regular
// "pubsub" way of pushing metrics allows (by verifying the signature on the
// message). Thus, this reduces chances of abuse until we have something
// better.
func (c *Cluster) logPingMetric(ctx context.Context, pid peer.ID) error {
m := api.Metric{
Name: pingMetricName,
Peer: pid,
Valid: true,
}
m.SetTTL(c.config.MonitorPingInterval * 2)
return c.monitor.LogMetric(ctx, m)
}
func (c *Cluster) pushPingMetrics(ctx context.Context) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/pushPingMetrics")
defer span.End()
ticker := time.NewTicker(c.config.MonitorPingInterval)
for {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return
default:
}
c.sendPingMetric(ctx)
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return
case <-ticker.C:
}
}
}
// Alerts returns the last alerts recorded by this cluster peer with the most
// recent first.
func (c *Cluster) Alerts() []api.Alert {
c.alertsMux.Lock()
alerts := make([]api.Alert, len(c.alerts))
{
total := len(alerts)
for i, a := range c.alerts {
alerts[total-1-i] = a
}
}
c.alertsMux.Unlock()
return alerts
}
// read the alerts channel from the monitor and triggers repins
func (c *Cluster) alertsHandler() {
for {
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return
case alrt := <-c.monitor.Alerts():
// Follower peers do not care about alerts.
// They can do nothing about them.
if c.config.FollowerMode {
continue
}
logger.Warnf("metric alert for %s: Peer: %s.", alrt.Name, alrt.Peer)
c.alertsMux.Lock()
{
if len(c.alerts) > maxAlerts {
c.alerts = c.alerts[:0]
}
c.alerts = append(c.alerts, alrt)
}
c.alertsMux.Unlock()
if alrt.Name != pingMetricName {
continue // only handle ping alerts
}
if c.config.DisableRepinning {
logger.Debugf("repinning is disabled. Will not re-allocate pins on alerts")
return
}
cState, err := c.consensus.State(c.ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
return
}
distance, err := c.distances(c.ctx, alrt.Peer)
if err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
return
}
pinCh := make(chan api.Pin, 1024)
go func() {
err = cState.List(c.ctx, pinCh)
if err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
}
}()
for pin := range pinCh {
if containsPeer(pin.Allocations, alrt.Peer) && distance.isClosest(pin.Cid) {
c.repinFromPeer(c.ctx, alrt.Peer, pin)
}
}
}
}
}
// BandwidthByProtocol returns the libp2p bandwidth metrics as provided by the
// bandwidth reporter that the peer was initialized with. Returns nil when
// unset.
func (c *Cluster) BandwidthByProtocol() api.BandwidthByProtocol {
if c.bandwidthReporter == nil {
return nil
}
bbp := make(api.BandwidthByProtocol)
stats := c.bandwidthReporter.GetBandwidthByProtocol()
for k, v := range stats {
bbp[k] = api.Bandwidth{
TotalIn: v.TotalIn,
TotalOut: v.TotalOut,
RateIn: v.RateIn,
RateOut: v.RateOut,
}
}
return bbp
}
// detects any changes in the peerset and saves the configuration. When it
// detects that we have been removed from the peerset, it shuts down this peer.
func (c *Cluster) watchPeers() {
ticker := time.NewTicker(c.config.PeerWatchInterval)
defer ticker.Stop()
for {
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return
default:
}
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return
case <-ticker.C:
//logger.Debugf("%s watching peers", c.id)
hasMe := false
peers, err := c.consensus.Peers(c.ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
continue
}
for _, p := range peers {
if p == c.id {
hasMe = true
break
}
}
if !hasMe {
c.shutdownLock.Lock()
defer c.shutdownLock.Unlock()
logger.Info("peer no longer in peerset. Initiating shutdown")
c.removed = true
go c.Shutdown(c.ctx)
return
}
}
}
}
// reBootstrap regularly attempts to bootstrap (re-connect to peers from the
// peerstore). This should ensure that we auto-recover from situations in
// which the network was completely gone and we lost all peers.
func (c *Cluster) reBootstrap() {
generalBootstrap := time.NewTicker(reBootstrapInterval)
priorityPeerReconnect := time.NewTicker(priorityPeerReconnectInterval)
defer generalBootstrap.Stop()
defer priorityPeerReconnect.Stop()
for {
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return
case <-generalBootstrap.C:
// Attempt to reach low-water setting if for some
// reason we are not there already. The default low
// water is 100. On small clusters this ensures we
// stay connected to everyone. On larger clusters this
// will not trigger new connections when already above
// low water. When it does, known peers will be randomly
// selected.
connected := c.peerManager.Bootstrap(c.config.ConnMgr.LowWater, false, false)
for _, p := range connected {
logger.Infof("reconnected to %s", p)
}
case <-priorityPeerReconnect.C:
// This is a safeguard for clusters with many peers.
// It is understood that PeerAddresses are stable,
// possibly "trusted" or at least honest peers.
//
// We don't need to be connected to them, but in an
// scenario where there rest of the (untrusted) peers
// works to isolate or mislead other peers (i.e. not
// propagating pubsub), it does not hurt to reconnect
// to one of these peers from time to time.
if len(c.config.PeerAddresses) == 0 {
break
}
connected := c.peerManager.Bootstrap(1, true, true)
for _, p := range connected {
logger.Infof("reconnected to priority peer %s", p)
}
}
}
}
// find all Cids pinned to a given peer and triggers re-pins on them.
func (c *Cluster) vacatePeer(ctx context.Context, p peer.ID) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/vacatePeer")
defer span.End()
if c.config.DisableRepinning {
logger.Warnf("repinning is disabled. Will not re-allocate cids from %s", p)
return
}
cState, err := c.consensus.State(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
return
}
pinCh := make(chan api.Pin, 1024)
go func() {
err = cState.List(ctx, pinCh)
if err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
}
}()
for pin := range pinCh {
if containsPeer(pin.Allocations, p) {
c.repinFromPeer(ctx, p, pin)
}
}
}
// repinFromPeer triggers a repin on a given pin object blacklisting one of the
// allocations.
func (c *Cluster) repinFromPeer(ctx context.Context, p peer.ID, pin api.Pin) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/repinFromPeer")
defer span.End()
logger.Debugf("repinning %s from peer %s", pin.Cid, p)
pin.Allocations = nil // force re-allocations
// note that pin() should not result in different allocations
// if we are not under the replication-factor min.
_, ok, err := c.pin(ctx, pin, []peer.ID{p})
if ok && err == nil {
logger.Infof("repinned %s out of %s", pin.Cid, p)
}
}
// run launches some go-routines which live throughout the cluster's life
func (c *Cluster) run() {
c.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer c.wg.Done()
c.watchPinset()
}()
c.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer c.wg.Done()
c.pushPingMetrics(c.ctx)
}()
c.wg.Add(len(c.informers))
for _, informer := range c.informers {
go func(inf Informer) {
defer c.wg.Done()
c.pushInformerMetrics(c.ctx, inf)
}(informer)
}
c.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer c.wg.Done()
c.watchPeers()
}()
c.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer c.wg.Done()
c.alertsHandler()
}()
c.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer c.wg.Done()
c.reBootstrap()
}()
}
func (c *Cluster) ready(timeout time.Duration) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(c.ctx, "cluster/ready")
defer span.End()
// We bootstrapped first because with dirty state consensus
// may have a peerset and not find a leader so we cannot wait
// for it.
timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
select {
case <-timer.C:
logger.Error("***** ipfs-cluster consensus start timed out (tips below) *****")
logger.Error(`
**************************************************
This peer was not able to become part of the cluster.
This might be due to one or several causes:
- Check the logs above this message for errors
- Check that there is connectivity to the "peers" multiaddresses
- Check that all cluster peers are using the same "secret"
- Check that this peer is reachable on its "listen_multiaddress" by all peers
- Check that the current cluster is healthy (has a leader). Otherwise make
sure to start enough peers so that a leader election can happen.
- Check that the peer(s) you are trying to connect to is running the
same version of IPFS-cluster.
**************************************************
`)
c.Shutdown(ctx)
return
case <-c.consensus.Ready(ctx):
// Consensus ready means the state is up to date.
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return
}
// Cluster is ready.
peers, err := c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
c.Shutdown(ctx)
return
}
logger.Info("Cluster Peers (without including ourselves):")
if len(peers) == 1 {
logger.Info(" - No other peers")
}
for _, p := range peers {
if p != c.id {
logger.Infof(" - %s", p)
}
}
// Wait for ipfs
logger.Info("Waiting for IPFS to be ready...")
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return
case <-c.ipfs.Ready(ctx):
ipfsid, err := c.ipfs.ID(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error("IPFS signaled ready but ID() errored: ", err)
} else {
logger.Infof("IPFS is ready. Peer ID: %s", ipfsid.ID)
}
}
close(c.readyCh)
c.shutdownLock.Lock()
c.readyB = true
c.shutdownLock.Unlock()
logger.Info("** IPFS Cluster is READY **")
}
// Ready returns a channel which signals when this peer is
// fully initialized (including consensus).
func (c *Cluster) Ready() <-chan struct{} {
return c.readyCh
}
// Shutdown performs all the necessary operations to shutdown
// the IPFS Cluster peer:
// * Save peerstore with the current peers
// * Remove itself from consensus when LeaveOnShutdown is set
// * It Shutdowns all the components
// * Collects all goroutines
//
// Shutdown does not close the libp2p host, the DHT, the datastore or
// generally anything that Cluster did not create.
func (c *Cluster) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Shutdown")
defer span.End()
c.shutdownLock.Lock()
defer c.shutdownLock.Unlock()
if c.shutdownB {
logger.Debug("Cluster is already shutdown")
return nil
}
logger.Info("shutting down Cluster")
// Shutdown APIs first, avoids more requests coming through.
for _, api := range c.apis {
if err := api.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
logger.Errorf("error stopping API: %s", err)
return err
}
}
// Cancel discovery service (this shutdowns announcing). Handling
// entries is canceled along with the context below.
if c.discovery != nil {
c.discovery.Close()
}
// Try to store peerset file for all known peers whatsoever
// if we got ready (otherwise, don't overwrite anything)
if c.readyB {
// Ignoring error since it's a best-effort
c.peerManager.SavePeerstoreForPeers(c.host.Peerstore().Peers())
}
// Only attempt to leave if:
// - consensus is initialized
// - cluster was ready (no bootstrapping error)
// - We are not removed already (means watchPeers() called us)
if c.consensus != nil && c.config.LeaveOnShutdown && c.readyB && !c.removed {
c.removed = true
_, err := c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err == nil {
// best effort
logger.Warn("attempting to leave the cluster. This may take some seconds")
err := c.consensus.RmPeer(ctx, c.id)
if err != nil {
logger.Error("leaving cluster: " + err.Error())
}
}
}
if con := c.consensus; con != nil {
if err := con.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
logger.Errorf("error stopping consensus: %s", err)
return err
}
}
// We left the cluster or were removed. Remove any consensus-specific
// state.
if c.removed && c.readyB {
err := c.consensus.Clean(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error("cleaning consensus: ", err)
}
}
if err := c.monitor.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
logger.Errorf("error stopping monitor: %s", err)
return err
}
if err := c.ipfs.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
logger.Errorf("error stopping IPFS Connector: %s", err)
return err
}
if err := c.tracker.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
logger.Errorf("error stopping PinTracker: %s", err)
return err
}
for _, inf := range c.informers {
if err := inf.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
logger.Errorf("error stopping informer: %s", err)
return err
}
}
if err := c.tracer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
logger.Errorf("error stopping Tracer: %s", err)
return err
}
c.cancel()
c.wg.Wait()
c.shutdownB = true
close(c.doneCh)
return nil
}
// Done provides a way to learn if the Peer has been shutdown
// (for example, because it has been removed from the Cluster)
func (c *Cluster) Done() <-chan struct{} {
return c.doneCh
}
// ID returns information about the Cluster peer
func (c *Cluster) ID(ctx context.Context) api.ID {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/ID")
defer span.End()
// ignore error since it is included in response object
ipfsID, err := c.ipfs.ID(ctx)
if err != nil {
ipfsID = api.IPFSID{
Error: err.Error(),
}
}
var addrs []api.Multiaddr
mAddrs, err := peer.AddrInfoToP2pAddrs(&peer.AddrInfo{ID: c.id, Addrs: c.host.Addrs()})
if err == nil {
for _, mAddr := range mAddrs {
addrs = append(addrs, api.NewMultiaddrWithValue(mAddr))
}
}
peers := []peer.ID{}
// This method might get called very early by a remote peer
// and might catch us when consensus is not set
if c.consensus != nil {
peers, _ = c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
}
clusterPeerInfos := c.peerManager.PeerInfos(peers)
addresses := []api.Multiaddr{}
for _, pinfo := range clusterPeerInfos {
addrs, err := peer.AddrInfoToP2pAddrs(&pinfo)
if err != nil {
continue
}
for _, a := range addrs {
addresses = append(addresses, api.NewMultiaddrWithValue(a))
}
}
id := api.ID{
ID: c.id,
// PublicKey: c.host.Peerstore().PubKey(c.id),
Addresses: addrs,
ClusterPeers: peers,
ClusterPeersAddresses: addresses,
Version: version.Version.String(),
RPCProtocolVersion: version.RPCProtocol,
IPFS: ipfsID,
Peername: c.config.Peername,
}
if err != nil {
id.Error = err.Error()
}
return id
}
// PeerAdd adds a new peer to this Cluster.
//
// For it to work well, the new peer should be discoverable
// (part of our peerstore or connected to one of the existing peers)
// and reachable. Since PeerAdd allows to add peers which are
// not running, or reachable, it is recommended to call Join() from the
// new peer instead.
//
// The new peer ID will be passed to the consensus
// component to be added to the peerset.
func (c *Cluster) PeerAdd(ctx context.Context, pid peer.ID) (*api.ID, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/PeerAdd")
defer span.End()
c.shutdownLock.RLock()
defer c.shutdownLock.RUnlock()
if c.shutdownB {
return nil, errors.New("cluster is shutdown")
}
// starting 10 nodes on the same box for testing
// causes deadlock and a global lock here
// seems to help.
c.paMux.Lock()
defer c.paMux.Unlock()
logger.Debugf("peerAdd called with %s", pid)
// Let the consensus layer be aware of this peer
err := c.consensus.AddPeer(ctx, pid)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
id := &api.ID{ID: pid, Error: err.Error()}
return id, err
}
logger.Infof("Peer added %s", pid)
addedID, err := c.getIDForPeer(ctx, pid)
if err != nil {
return addedID, err
}
if !containsPeer(addedID.ClusterPeers, c.id) {
addedID.ClusterPeers = append(addedID.ClusterPeers, c.id)
}
return addedID, nil
}
// PeerRemove removes a peer from this Cluster.
//
// The peer will be removed from the consensus peerset.
// This may first trigger repinnings for all content if not disabled.
func (c *Cluster) PeerRemove(ctx context.Context, pid peer.ID) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/PeerRemove")
defer span.End()
// We need to repin before removing the peer, otherwise, it won't
// be able to submit the pins.
logger.Infof("re-allocating all CIDs directly associated to %s", pid)
c.vacatePeer(ctx, pid)
err := c.consensus.RmPeer(ctx, pid)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return err
}
logger.Info("Peer removed %s", pid)
return nil
}
// Join adds this peer to an existing cluster by bootstrapping to a
// given multiaddress. It works by calling PeerAdd on the destination
// cluster and making sure that the new peer is ready to discover and contact
// the rest.
func (c *Cluster) Join(ctx context.Context, addr ma.Multiaddr) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Join")
defer span.End()
logger.Debugf("Join(%s)", addr)
// Add peer to peerstore so we can talk to it
pid, err := c.peerManager.ImportPeer(addr, false, peerstore.PermanentAddrTTL)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if pid == c.id {
return nil
}
// Note that PeerAdd() on the remote peer will
// figure out what our real address is (obviously not
// ListenAddr).
var myID api.ID
err = c.rpcClient.CallContext(
ctx,
pid,
"Cluster",
"PeerAdd",
c.id,
&myID,
)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return err
}
// Log a fake but valid metric from the peer we are
// contacting. This will signal a CRDT component that
// we know that peer since we have metrics for it without
// having to wait for the next metric round.
if err := c.logPingMetric(ctx, pid); err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
}
// Broadcast our metrics to the world
err = c.sendInformersMetrics(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
}
_, err = c.sendPingMetric(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Warn(err)
}
// We need to trigger a DHT bootstrap asap for this peer to not be
// lost if the peer it bootstrapped to goes down. We do this manually
// by triggering 1 round of bootstrap in the background.
// Note that our regular bootstrap process is still running in the
// background since we created the cluster.
c.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer c.wg.Done()
select {
case err := <-c.dht.LAN.RefreshRoutingTable():
if err != nil {
// this error is quite chatty
// on single peer clusters
logger.Debug(err)
}
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return
}
select {
case err := <-c.dht.WAN.RefreshRoutingTable():
if err != nil {
// this error is quite chatty
// on single peer clusters
logger.Debug(err)
}
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return
}
}()
// ConnectSwarms in the background after a while, when we have likely
// received some metrics.
time.AfterFunc(c.config.MonitorPingInterval, func() {
c.ipfs.ConnectSwarms(c.ctx)
})
// wait for leader and for state to catch up
// then sync
err = c.consensus.WaitForSync(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return err
}
// Start pinning items in the state that are not on IPFS yet.
out := make(chan api.PinInfo, 1024)
// discard outputs
go func() {
for range out {
}
}()
go c.RecoverAllLocal(c.ctx, out)
logger.Infof("%s: joined %s's cluster", c.id, pid)
return nil
}
// Distances returns a distance checker using current trusted peers.
// It can optionally receive a peer ID to exclude from the checks.
func (c *Cluster) distances(ctx context.Context, exclude peer.ID) (*distanceChecker, error) {
trustedPeers, err := c.getTrustedPeers(ctx, exclude)
if err != nil {
logger.Error("could not get trusted peers:", err)
return nil, err
}
return &distanceChecker{
local: c.id,
otherPeers: trustedPeers,
cache: make(map[peer.ID]distance, len(trustedPeers)+1),
}, nil
}
// StateSync performs maintenance tasks on the global state that require
// looping through all the items. It is triggered automatically on
// StateSyncInterval. Currently it:
// - Sends unpin for expired items for which this peer is "closest"
// (skipped for follower peers)
func (c *Cluster) StateSync(ctx context.Context) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/StateSync")
defer span.End()
logger.Debug("StateSync")
if c.config.FollowerMode {
return nil
}
cState, err := c.consensus.State(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
timeNow := time.Now()
// Only trigger pin operations if we are the closest with respect to
// other trusted peers. We cannot know if our peer ID is trusted by
// other peers in the Cluster. This assumes yes. Setting FollowerMode
// is a way to assume the opposite and skip this completely.
distance, err := c.distances(ctx, "")
if err != nil {
return err // could not list peers
}
clusterPins := make(chan api.Pin, 1024)
go func() {
err = cState.List(ctx, clusterPins)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
}
}()
// Unpin expired items when we are the closest peer to them.
for p := range clusterPins {
if p.ExpiredAt(timeNow) && distance.isClosest(p.Cid) {
logger.Infof("Unpinning %s: pin expired at %s", p.Cid, p.ExpireAt)
if _, err := c.Unpin(ctx, p.Cid); err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
}
}
}
return nil
}
// StatusAll returns the GlobalPinInfo for all tracked Cids in all peers on
// the out channel. This is done by broacasting a StatusAll to all peers. If
// an error happens, it is returned. This method blocks until it finishes. The
// operation can be aborted by canceling the context.
func (c *Cluster) StatusAll(ctx context.Context, filter api.TrackerStatus, out chan<- api.GlobalPinInfo) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/StatusAll")
defer span.End()
in := make(chan api.TrackerStatus, 1)
in <- filter
close(in)
return c.globalPinInfoStream(ctx, "PinTracker", "StatusAll", in, out)
}
// StatusAllLocal returns the PinInfo for all the tracked Cids in this peer on
// the out channel. It blocks until finished.
func (c *Cluster) StatusAllLocal(ctx context.Context, filter api.TrackerStatus, out chan<- api.PinInfo) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/StatusAllLocal")
defer span.End()
return c.tracker.StatusAll(ctx, filter, out)
}
// Status returns the GlobalPinInfo for a given Cid as fetched from all
// current peers. If an error happens, the GlobalPinInfo should contain
// as much information as could be fetched from the other peers.
func (c *Cluster) Status(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid) (api.GlobalPinInfo, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Status")
defer span.End()
return c.globalPinInfoCid(ctx, "PinTracker", "Status", h)
}
// StatusLocal returns this peer's PinInfo for a given Cid.
func (c *Cluster) StatusLocal(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid) api.PinInfo {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/StatusLocal")
defer span.End()
return c.tracker.Status(ctx, h)
}
// used for RecoverLocal and SyncLocal.
func (c *Cluster) localPinInfoOp(
ctx context.Context,
h api.Cid,
f func(context.Context, api.Cid) (api.PinInfo, error),
) (pInfo api.PinInfo, err error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/localPinInfoOp")
defer span.End()
cids, err := c.cidsFromMetaPin(ctx, h)
if err != nil {
return api.PinInfo{}, err
}
for _, ci := range cids {
pInfo, err = f(ctx, ci)
if err != nil {
logger.Error("tracker.SyncCid() returned with error: ", err)
logger.Error("Is the ipfs daemon running?")
break
}
}
// return the last pInfo/err, should be the root Cid if everything ok
return pInfo, err
}
// RecoverAll triggers a RecoverAllLocal operation on all peers and returns
// GlobalPinInfo objets for all recovered items. This method blocks until
// finished. Operation can be aborted by canceling the context.
func (c *Cluster) RecoverAll(ctx context.Context, out chan<- api.GlobalPinInfo) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/RecoverAll")
defer span.End()
return c.globalPinInfoStream(ctx, "Cluster", "RecoverAllLocal", nil, out)
}
// RecoverAllLocal triggers a RecoverLocal operation for all Cids tracked
// by this peer.
//
// Recover operations ask IPFS to pin or unpin items in error state. Recover
// is faster than calling Pin on the same CID as it avoids committing an
// identical pin to the consensus layer.
//
// It returns the list of pins that were re-queued for pinning on the out
// channel. It blocks until done.
//
// RecoverAllLocal is called automatically every PinRecoverInterval.
func (c *Cluster) RecoverAllLocal(ctx context.Context, out chan<- api.PinInfo) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/RecoverAllLocal")
defer span.End()
return c.tracker.RecoverAll(ctx, out)
}
// Recover triggers a recover operation for a given Cid in all
// cluster peers.
//
// Recover operations ask IPFS to pin or unpin items in error state. Recover
// is faster than calling Pin on the same CID as it avoids committing an
// identical pin to the consensus layer.
func (c *Cluster) Recover(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid) (api.GlobalPinInfo, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Recover")
defer span.End()
return c.globalPinInfoCid(ctx, "PinTracker", "Recover", h)
}
// RecoverLocal triggers a recover operation for a given Cid in this peer only.
// It returns the updated PinInfo, after recovery.
//
// Recover operations ask IPFS to pin or unpin items in error state. Recover
// is faster than calling Pin on the same CID as it avoids committing an
// identical pin to the consensus layer.
func (c *Cluster) RecoverLocal(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid) (api.PinInfo, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/RecoverLocal")
defer span.End()
return c.localPinInfoOp(ctx, h, c.tracker.Recover)
}
// Pins sends pins on the given out channel as it iterates the full
// pinset (current global state). This is the source of truth as to which pins
// are managed and their allocation, but does not indicate if the item is
// successfully pinned. For that, use the Status*() methods.
//
// The operation can be aborted by canceling the context. This methods blocks
// until the operation has completed.
func (c *Cluster) Pins(ctx context.Context, out chan<- api.Pin) error {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Pins")
defer span.End()
cState, err := c.consensus.State(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return err
}
return cState.List(ctx, out)
}
// pinsSlice returns the list of Cids managed by Cluster and which are part
// of the current global state. This is the source of truth as to which
// pins are managed and their allocation, but does not indicate if
// the item is successfully pinned. For that, use StatusAll().
//
// It is recommended to use PinsChannel(), as this method is equivalent to
// loading the full pinset in memory!
func (c *Cluster) pinsSlice(ctx context.Context) ([]api.Pin, error) {
out := make(chan api.Pin, 1024)
var err error
go func() {
err = c.Pins(ctx, out)
}()
var pins []api.Pin
for pin := range out {
pins = append(pins, pin)
}
return pins, err
}
// PinGet returns information for a single Cid managed by Cluster.
// The information is obtained from the current global state. The
// returned api.Pin provides information about the allocations
// assigned for the requested Cid, but does not indicate if
// the item is successfully pinned. For that, use Status(). PinGet
// returns an error if the given Cid is not part of the global state.
func (c *Cluster) PinGet(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid) (api.Pin, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/PinGet")
defer span.End()
st, err := c.consensus.State(ctx)
if err != nil {
return api.Pin{}, err
}
pin, err := st.Get(ctx, h)
if err != nil {
return api.Pin{}, err
}
return pin, nil
}
// Pin makes the cluster Pin a Cid. This implies adding the Cid
// to the IPFS Cluster peers shared-state. Depending on the cluster
// pinning strategy, the PinTracker may then request the IPFS daemon
// to pin the Cid.
//
// Pin returns the Pin as stored in the global state (with the given
// allocations and an error if the operation could not be persisted. Pin does
// not reflect the success or failure of underlying IPFS daemon pinning
// operations which happen in async fashion.
//
// If the options UserAllocations are non-empty then these peers are pinned
// with priority over other peers in the cluster. If the max repl factor is
// less than the size of the specified peerset then peers are chosen from this
// set in allocation order. If the minimum repl factor is greater than the
// size of this set then the remaining peers are allocated in order from the
// rest of the cluster. Priority allocations are best effort. If any priority
// peers are unavailable then Pin will simply allocate from the rest of the
// cluster.
//
// If the Update option is set, the pin options (including allocations) will
// be copied from an existing one. This is equivalent to running PinUpdate.
func (c *Cluster) Pin(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid, opts api.PinOptions) (api.Pin, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Pin")
defer span.End()
pin := api.PinWithOpts(h, opts)
result, _, err := c.pin(ctx, pin, []peer.ID{})
return result, err
}
// sets the default replication factor in a pin when it's set to 0
func (c *Cluster) setupReplicationFactor(pin api.Pin) (api.Pin, error) {
rplMin := pin.ReplicationFactorMin
rplMax := pin.ReplicationFactorMax
if rplMin == 0 {
rplMin = c.config.ReplicationFactorMin
pin.ReplicationFactorMin = rplMin
}
if rplMax == 0 {
rplMax = c.config.ReplicationFactorMax
pin.ReplicationFactorMax = rplMax
}
// When pinning everywhere, remove all allocations.
// Allocations may have been preset by the adder
// for the cases when the replication factor is > -1.
// Fixes part of #1319: allocations when adding
// are kept.
if pin.IsPinEverywhere() {
pin.Allocations = nil
}
return pin, isReplicationFactorValid(rplMin, rplMax)
}
// basic checks on the pin type to check it's well-formed.
func checkPinType(pin api.Pin) error {
switch pin.Type {
case api.DataType:
if pin.Reference != nil {
return errors.New("data pins should not reference other pins")
}
case api.ShardType:
if pin.MaxDepth != 1 {
return errors.New("must pin shards go depth 1")
}
// FIXME: indirect shard pins could have max-depth 2
// FIXME: repinning a shard type will overwrite replication
// factor from previous:
// if existing.ReplicationFactorMin != rplMin ||
// existing.ReplicationFactorMax != rplMax {
// return errors.New("shard update with wrong repl factors")
//}
case api.ClusterDAGType:
if pin.MaxDepth != 0 {
return errors.New("must pin roots directly")
}
if pin.Reference == nil {
return errors.New("clusterDAG pins should reference a Meta pin")
}
case api.MetaType:
if len(pin.Allocations) != 0 {
return errors.New("meta pin should not specify allocations")
}
if pin.Reference == nil {
return errors.New("metaPins should reference a ClusterDAG")
}
default:
return errors.New("unrecognized pin type")
}
return nil
}
// setupPin ensures that the Pin object is fit for pinning. We check
// and set the replication factors and ensure that the pinType matches the
// metadata consistently.
func (c *Cluster) setupPin(ctx context.Context, pin, existing api.Pin) (api.Pin, error) {
_, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/setupPin")
defer span.End()
var err error
pin, err = c.setupReplicationFactor(pin)
if err != nil {
return pin, err
}
if !pin.ExpireAt.IsZero() && pin.ExpireAt.Before(time.Now()) {
return pin, errors.New("pin.ExpireAt set before current time")
}
if !existing.Defined() {
return pin, nil
}
// If an pin CID is already pin, we do a couple more checks
if existing.Type != pin.Type {
msg := "cannot repin CID with different tracking method, "
msg += "clear state with pin rm to proceed. "
msg += "New: %s. Was: %s"
return pin, fmt.Errorf(msg, pin.Type, existing.Type)
}
if existing.Mode == api.PinModeRecursive && pin.Mode != api.PinModeRecursive {
msg := "cannot repin a CID which is already pinned in "
msg += "recursive mode (new pin is pinned as %s). Unpin it first."
return pin, fmt.Errorf(msg, pin.Mode)
}
return pin, checkPinType(pin)
}
// pin performs the actual pinning and supports a blacklist to be able to
// evacuate a node and returns the pin object that it tried to pin, whether
// the pin was submitted to the consensus layer or skipped (due to error or to
// the fact that it was already valid) and error.
//
// This is the method called by the Cluster.Pin RPC endpoint.
func (c *Cluster) pin(
ctx context.Context,
pin api.Pin,
blacklist []peer.ID,
) (api.Pin, bool, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/pin")
defer span.End()
if c.config.FollowerMode {
return api.Pin{}, false, errFollowerMode
}
if !pin.Cid.Defined() {
return pin, false, errors.New("bad pin object")
}
// Handle pin updates when the option is set
if update := pin.PinUpdate; update.Defined() && !update.Equals(pin.Cid) {
pin, err := c.PinUpdate(ctx, update, pin.Cid, pin.PinOptions)
return pin, true, err
}
existing, err := c.PinGet(ctx, pin.Cid)
if err != nil && err != state.ErrNotFound {
return pin, false, err
}
pin, err = c.setupPin(ctx, pin, existing)
if err != nil {
return pin, false, err
}
// Set the Pin timestamp to now(). This is not an user-controllable
// "option".
pin.Timestamp = time.Now()
if pin.Type == api.MetaType {
return pin, true, c.consensus.LogPin(ctx, pin)
}
// Usually allocations are unset when pinning normally, however, the
// allocations may have been preset by the adder in which case they
// need to be respected. Whenever allocations are set. We don't
// re-allocate. repinFromPeer() unsets allocations for this reason.
// allocate() will check which peers are currently allocated
// and try to respect them.
if len(pin.Allocations) == 0 {
// If replication factor is -1, this will return empty
// allocations.
allocs, err := c.allocate(
ctx,
pin.Cid,
existing,
pin.ReplicationFactorMin,
pin.ReplicationFactorMax,
blacklist,
pin.UserAllocations,
)
if err != nil {
return pin, false, err
}
pin.Allocations = allocs
}
// If this is true, replication factor should be -1.
if len(pin.Allocations) == 0 {
logger.Infof("pinning %s everywhere:", pin.Cid)
} else {
logger.Infof("pinning %s on %s:", pin.Cid, pin.Allocations)
}
return pin, true, c.consensus.LogPin(ctx, pin)
}
// Unpin removes a previously pinned Cid from Cluster. It returns
// the global state Pin object as it was stored before removal, or
// an error if it was not possible to update the global state.
//
// Unpin does not reflect the success or failure of underlying IPFS daemon
// unpinning operations, which happen in async fashion.
func (c *Cluster) Unpin(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid) (api.Pin, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Unpin")
defer span.End()
if c.config.FollowerMode {
return api.Pin{}, errFollowerMode
}
logger.Info("IPFS cluster unpinning:", h)
pin, err := c.PinGet(ctx, h)
if err != nil {
return api.Pin{}, err
}
switch pin.Type {
case api.DataType:
return pin, c.consensus.LogUnpin(ctx, pin)
case api.ShardType:
err := "cannot unpin a shard directly. Unpin content root CID instead"
return pin, errors.New(err)
case api.MetaType:
// Unpin cluster dag and referenced shards
err := c.unpinClusterDag(ctx, pin)
if err != nil {
return pin, err
}
return pin, c.consensus.LogUnpin(ctx, pin)
case api.ClusterDAGType:
err := "cannot unpin a Cluster DAG directly. Unpin content root CID instead"
return pin, errors.New(err)
default:
return pin, errors.New("unrecognized pin type")
}
}
// unpinClusterDag unpins the clusterDAG metadata node and the shard metadata
// nodes that it references. It handles the case where multiple parents
// reference the same metadata node, only unpinning those nodes without
// existing references
func (c *Cluster) unpinClusterDag(ctx context.Context, metaPin api.Pin) error {
cids, err := c.cidsFromMetaPin(ctx, metaPin.Cid)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// TODO: FIXME: potentially unpinning shards which are referenced
// by other clusterDAGs.
for _, ci := range cids {
err = c.consensus.LogUnpin(ctx, api.PinCid(ci))
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// PinUpdate pins a new CID based on an existing cluster Pin. The allocations
// and most pin options (replication factors) are copied from the existing
// Pin. The options object can be used to set the Name for the new pin and
// might support additional options in the future.
//
// The from pin is NOT unpinned upon completion. The new pin might take
// advantage of efficient pin/update operation on IPFS-side (if the
// IPFSConnector supports it - the default one does). This may offer
// significant speed when pinning items which are similar to previously pinned
// content.
func (c *Cluster) PinUpdate(ctx context.Context, from api.Cid, to api.Cid, opts api.PinOptions) (api.Pin, error) {
existing, err := c.PinGet(ctx, from)
if err != nil { // including when the existing pin is not found
return api.Pin{}, err
}
// Hector: I am not sure whether it has any point to update something
// like a MetaType.
if existing.Type != api.DataType {
return api.Pin{}, errors.New("this pin type cannot be updated")
}
existing.Cid = to
existing.PinUpdate = from
existing.Timestamp = time.Now()
if opts.Name != "" {
existing.Name = opts.Name
}
if !opts.ExpireAt.IsZero() && opts.ExpireAt.After(time.Now()) {
existing.ExpireAt = opts.ExpireAt
}
return existing, c.consensus.LogPin(ctx, existing)
}
// PinPath pins an CID resolved from its IPFS Path. It returns the resolved
// Pin object.
func (c *Cluster) PinPath(ctx context.Context, path string, opts api.PinOptions) (api.Pin, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/PinPath")
defer span.End()
ci, err := c.ipfs.Resolve(ctx, path)
if err != nil {
return api.Pin{}, err
}
return c.Pin(ctx, ci, opts)
}
// UnpinPath unpins a CID resolved from its IPFS Path. If returns the
// previously pinned Pin object.
func (c *Cluster) UnpinPath(ctx context.Context, path string) (api.Pin, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/UnpinPath")
defer span.End()
ci, err := c.ipfs.Resolve(ctx, path)
if err != nil {
return api.Pin{}, err
}
return c.Unpin(ctx, ci)
}
// AddFile adds a file to the ipfs daemons of the cluster. The ipfs importer
// pipeline is used to DAGify the file. Depending on input parameters this
// DAG can be added locally to the calling cluster peer's ipfs repo, or
// sharded across the entire cluster.
func (c *Cluster) AddFile(ctx context.Context, reader *multipart.Reader, params api.AddParams) (api.Cid, error) {
// TODO: add context param and tracing
var dags adder.ClusterDAGService
if params.Shard {
dags = sharding.New(ctx, c.rpcClient, params, nil)
} else {
dags = single.New(ctx, c.rpcClient, params, params.Local)
}
defer dags.Close()
add := adder.New(dags, params, nil)
return add.FromMultipart(ctx, reader)
}
// Version returns the current IPFS Cluster version.
func (c *Cluster) Version() string {
return version.Version.String()
}
// Peers returns the IDs of the members of this Cluster on the out channel.
// This method blocks until it has finished.
func (c *Cluster) Peers(ctx context.Context, out chan<- api.ID) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/Peers")
defer span.End()
peers, err := c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
logger.Error("an empty list of peers will be returned")
close(out)
return
}
c.peersWithFilter(ctx, peers, out)
}
// requests IDs from a given number of peers.
func (c *Cluster) peersWithFilter(ctx context.Context, peers []peer.ID, out chan<- api.ID) {
defer close(out)
// We should be done relatively quickly with this call. Otherwise
// report errors.
timeout := 15 * time.Second
ctxCall, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
defer cancel()
in := make(chan struct{})
close(in)
idsOut := make(chan api.ID, len(peers))
errCh := make(chan []error, 1)
go func() {
defer close(errCh)
errCh <- c.rpcClient.MultiStream(
ctxCall,
peers,
"Cluster",
"IDStream",
in,
idsOut,
)
}()
// Unfortunately, we need to use idsOut as intermediary channel
// because it is closed when MultiStream ends and we cannot keep
// adding things on it (the errors below).
for id := range idsOut {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
logger.Errorf("Peers call aborted: %s", ctx.Err())
return
case out <- id:
}
}
// ErrCh will always be closed on context cancellation too.
errs := <-errCh
for i, err := range errs {
if err == nil {
continue
}
if rpc.IsAuthorizationError(err) {
continue
}
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
logger.Errorf("Peers call aborted: %s", ctx.Err())
case out <- api.ID{
ID: peers[i],
Error: err.Error(),
}:
}
}
}
// getTrustedPeers gives listed of trusted peers except the current peer and
// the excluded peer if provided.
func (c *Cluster) getTrustedPeers(ctx context.Context, exclude peer.ID) ([]peer.ID, error) {
peers, err := c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
trustedPeers := make([]peer.ID, 0, len(peers))
for _, p := range peers {
if p == c.id || p == exclude || !c.consensus.IsTrustedPeer(ctx, p) {
continue
}
trustedPeers = append(trustedPeers, p)
}
return trustedPeers, nil
}
func (c *Cluster) setTrackerStatus(gpin *api.GlobalPinInfo, h api.Cid, peers []peer.ID, status api.TrackerStatus, pin api.Pin, t time.Time) {
for _, p := range peers {
pv := pingValueFromMetric(c.monitor.LatestForPeer(c.ctx, pingMetricName, p))
gpin.Add(api.PinInfo{
Cid: h,
Name: pin.Name,
Allocations: pin.Allocations,
Origins: pin.Origins,
Created: pin.Timestamp,
Metadata: pin.Metadata,
Peer: p,
PinInfoShort: api.PinInfoShort{
PeerName: pv.Peername,
IPFS: pv.IPFSID,
IPFSAddresses: pv.IPFSAddresses,
Status: status,
TS: t,
},
})
}
}
func (c *Cluster) globalPinInfoCid(ctx context.Context, comp, method string, h api.Cid) (api.GlobalPinInfo, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/globalPinInfoCid")
defer span.End()
// The object we will return
gpin := api.GlobalPinInfo{}
// allocated peers, we will contact them through rpc
var dests []peer.ID
// un-allocated peers, we will set remote status
var remote []peer.ID
timeNow := time.Now()
// If pin is not part of the pinset, mark it unpinned
pin, err := c.PinGet(ctx, h)
if err != nil && err != state.ErrNotFound {
logger.Error(err)
return api.GlobalPinInfo{}, err
}
// When NotFound return directly with an unpinned
// status.
if err == state.ErrNotFound {
var members []peer.ID
if c.config.FollowerMode {
members = []peer.ID{c.host.ID()}
} else {
members, err = c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return api.GlobalPinInfo{}, err
}
}
c.setTrackerStatus(
&gpin,
h,
members,
api.TrackerStatusUnpinned,
api.PinCid(h),
timeNow,
)
return gpin, nil
}
// The pin exists.
gpin.Cid = h
gpin.Name = pin.Name
// Make the list of peers that will receive the request.
if c.config.FollowerMode {
// during follower mode return only local status.
dests = []peer.ID{c.host.ID()}
remote = []peer.ID{}
} else {
members, err := c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return api.GlobalPinInfo{}, err
}
if !pin.IsPinEverywhere() {
dests = pin.Allocations
remote = peersSubtract(members, dests)
} else {
dests = members
remote = []peer.ID{}
}
}
// set status remote on un-allocated peers
c.setTrackerStatus(&gpin, h, remote, api.TrackerStatusRemote, pin, timeNow)
lenDests := len(dests)
replies := make([]api.PinInfo, lenDests)
// a globalPinInfo type of request should be relatively fast. We
// cannot block response indefinitely due to an unresponsive node.
timeout := 15 * time.Second
ctxs, cancels := rpcutil.CtxsWithTimeout(ctx, lenDests, timeout)
defer rpcutil.MultiCancel(cancels)
errs := c.rpcClient.MultiCall(
ctxs,
dests,
comp,
method,
h,
rpcutil.CopyPinInfoToIfaces(replies),
)
for i, r := range replies {
e := errs[i]
// No error. Parse and continue
if e == nil {
gpin.Add(r)
continue
}
if rpc.IsAuthorizationError(e) {
logger.Debug("rpc auth error:", e)
continue
}
// Deal with error cases (err != nil): wrap errors in PinInfo
logger.Errorf("%s: error in broadcast response from %s: %s ", c.id, dests[i], e)
pv := pingValueFromMetric(c.monitor.LatestForPeer(ctx, pingMetricName, dests[i]))
gpin.Add(api.PinInfo{
Cid: h,
Name: pin.Name,
Peer: dests[i],
Allocations: pin.Allocations,
Origins: pin.Origins,
Created: pin.Timestamp,
Metadata: pin.Metadata,
PinInfoShort: api.PinInfoShort{
PeerName: pv.Peername,
IPFS: pv.IPFSID,
IPFSAddresses: pv.IPFSAddresses,
Status: api.TrackerStatusClusterError,
TS: timeNow,
Error: e.Error(),
},
})
}
return gpin, nil
}
func (c *Cluster) globalPinInfoStream(ctx context.Context, comp, method string, inChan interface{}, out chan<- api.GlobalPinInfo) error {
defer close(out)
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/globalPinInfoStream")
defer span.End()
if inChan == nil {
emptyChan := make(chan struct{})
close(emptyChan)
inChan = emptyChan
}
fullMap := make(map[api.Cid]api.GlobalPinInfo)
var members []peer.ID
var err error
if c.config.FollowerMode {
members = []peer.ID{c.host.ID()}
} else {
members, err = c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return err
}
}
// We don't have a good timeout proposal for this. Depending on the
// size of the state and the peformance of IPFS and the network, this
// may take moderately long.
// If we did, this is the place to put it.
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
defer cancel()
msOut := make(chan api.PinInfo)
errsCh := make(chan []error, 1)
go func() {
defer close(errsCh)
errsCh <- c.rpcClient.MultiStream(
ctx,
members,
comp,
method,
inChan,
msOut,
)
}()
setPinInfo := func(p api.PinInfo) {
if !p.Defined() {
return
}
info, ok := fullMap[p.Cid]
if !ok {
info = api.GlobalPinInfo{}
}
info.Add(p)
// Set the new/updated info
fullMap[p.Cid] = info
}
// make the big collection.
for pin := range msOut {
setPinInfo(pin)
}
// This WAITs until MultiStream is DONE.
erroredPeers := make(map[peer.ID]string)
errs, ok := <-errsCh
if ok {
for i, err := range errs {
if err == nil {
continue
}
if rpc.IsAuthorizationError(err) {
logger.Debug("rpc auth error", err)
continue
}
logger.Errorf("%s: error in broadcast response from %s: %s ", c.id, members[i], err)
erroredPeers[members[i]] = err.Error()
}
}
// Merge any errors
for p, msg := range erroredPeers {
pv := pingValueFromMetric(c.monitor.LatestForPeer(ctx, pingMetricName, p))
for c := range fullMap {
setPinInfo(api.PinInfo{
Cid: c,
Name: "",
Peer: p,
Allocations: nil,
Origins: nil,
// Created: // leave unitialized
Metadata: nil,
PinInfoShort: api.PinInfoShort{
PeerName: pv.Peername,
IPFS: pv.IPFSID,
IPFSAddresses: pv.IPFSAddresses,
Status: api.TrackerStatusClusterError,
TS: time.Now(),
Error: msg,
},
})
}
}
for _, v := range fullMap {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
err := fmt.Errorf("%s.%s aborted: %w", comp, method, ctx.Err())
logger.Error(err)
return err
case out <- v:
}
}
return nil
}
func (c *Cluster) getIDForPeer(ctx context.Context, pid peer.ID) (*api.ID, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/getIDForPeer")
defer span.End()
var id api.ID
err := c.rpcClient.CallContext(
ctx,
pid,
"Cluster",
"ID",
struct{}{},
&id,
)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
id.ID = pid
id.Error = err.Error()
}
return &id, err
}
// cidsFromMetaPin expands a meta-pin and returns a list of Cids that
// Cluster handles for it: the ShardPins, the ClusterDAG and the MetaPin, in
// that order (the MetaPin is the last element).
// It returns a slice with only the given Cid if it's not a known Cid or not a
// MetaPin.
func (c *Cluster) cidsFromMetaPin(ctx context.Context, h api.Cid) ([]api.Cid, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/cidsFromMetaPin")
defer span.End()
cState, err := c.consensus.State(ctx)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
list := []api.Cid{h}
pin, err := cState.Get(ctx, h)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if pin.Type != api.MetaType {
return list, nil
}
if pin.Reference == nil {
return nil, errors.New("metaPin.Reference is unset")
}
list = append([]api.Cid{*pin.Reference}, list...)
clusterDagPin, err := c.PinGet(ctx, *pin.Reference)
if err != nil {
return list, fmt.Errorf("could not get clusterDAG pin from state. Malformed pin?: %s", err)
}
clusterDagBlock, err := c.ipfs.BlockGet(ctx, clusterDagPin.Cid)
if err != nil {
return list, fmt.Errorf("error reading clusterDAG block from ipfs: %s", err)
}
clusterDagNode, err := sharding.CborDataToNode(clusterDagBlock, "cbor")
if err != nil {
return list, fmt.Errorf("error parsing clusterDAG block: %s", err)
}
for _, l := range clusterDagNode.Links() {
list = append([]api.Cid{api.NewCid(l.Cid)}, list...)
}
return list, nil
}
// // diffPeers returns the peerIDs added and removed from peers2 in relation to
// // peers1
// func diffPeers(peers1, peers2 []peer.ID) (added, removed []peer.ID) {
// m1 := make(map[peer.ID]struct{})
// m2 := make(map[peer.ID]struct{})
// added = make([]peer.ID, 0)
// removed = make([]peer.ID, 0)
// if peers1 == nil && peers2 == nil {
// return
// }
// if peers1 == nil {
// added = peers2
// return
// }
// if peers2 == nil {
// removed = peers1
// return
// }
// for _, p := range peers1 {
// m1[p] = struct{}{}
// }
// for _, p := range peers2 {
// m2[p] = struct{}{}
// }
// for k := range m1 {
// _, ok := m2[k]
// if !ok {
// removed = append(removed, k)
// }
// }
// for k := range m2 {
// _, ok := m1[k]
// if !ok {
// added = append(added, k)
// }
// }
// return
// }
// RepoGC performs garbage collection sweep on all peers' IPFS repo.
func (c *Cluster) RepoGC(ctx context.Context) (api.GlobalRepoGC, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/RepoGC")
defer span.End()
members, err := c.consensus.Peers(ctx)
if err != nil {
logger.Error(err)
return api.GlobalRepoGC{}, err
}
// to club `RepoGCLocal` responses of all peers into one
globalRepoGC := api.GlobalRepoGC{PeerMap: make(map[string]api.RepoGC)}
for _, member := range members {
var repoGC api.RepoGC
err = c.rpcClient.CallContext(
ctx,
member,
"Cluster",
"RepoGCLocal",
struct{}{},
&repoGC,
)
if err == nil {
globalRepoGC.PeerMap[member.String()] = repoGC
continue
}
if rpc.IsAuthorizationError(err) {
logger.Debug("rpc auth error:", err)
continue
}
logger.Errorf("%s: error in broadcast response from %s: %s ", c.id, member, err)
pv := pingValueFromMetric(c.monitor.LatestForPeer(ctx, pingMetricName, member))
globalRepoGC.PeerMap[member.String()] = api.RepoGC{
Peer: member,
Peername: pv.Peername,
Keys: []api.IPFSRepoGC{},
Error: err.Error(),
}
}
return globalRepoGC, nil
}
// RepoGCLocal performs garbage collection only on the local IPFS deamon.
func (c *Cluster) RepoGCLocal(ctx context.Context) (api.RepoGC, error) {
ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "cluster/RepoGCLocal")
defer span.End()
resp, err := c.ipfs.RepoGC(ctx)
if err != nil {
return api.RepoGC{}, err
}
resp.Peer = c.id
resp.Peername = c.config.Peername
return resp, nil
}
``` |
The Palmetum is a specialized botanical garden located in the Malakpet area, Hyderabad, in Telangana, which features only one family of plant: the palms.
The garden's collection contains all six subfamilies within the family Arecaceae, with a total of about 120 varieties of 250 trees. It was initiated in 2002 by Chandramohan Reddy, Director of Urban Forestry, Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad. Some of the samples were obtained from Malaysia and Madagascar.
This park is mainly used by senior citizens for walking and young adults use it for jogging and yoga.
List of palm genera
Aiphanes
Archontophoenix: Archontophoenix alexandrae
Areca: Areca catechu
Arenga
Bismarckia: Bismarckia nobilis
Borassus: Borassus flabellifer
Brahea: Brahea armata
Butia
Calamus: Calamus rotang
Carpentaria
Caryota
Chamaedorea
Chamaerops: Chamaerops humilis
Chambeyronia: Chambeyronia macrocarpia
Cocos: Cocos nucifera
Copernicia
Corypha: Corypha unbraculifera
Cyrtostachys
Dictyosperma
Drymophloeus: Drymophloeus oliviformis
Dypsis
Elaeis: Elaeis guineensis
Heterospathe
Howea
Hyophorbe
Latania
Licuala
Livistona
Nypa: Nypa fruticans
Phoenicophorium
Phoenix: Phoenix dactylifera
Pinanga
Pritchardia
Pseudophoenix: Pseudophoenix sargentii
Ptychosperma
Ravenea: Ravenea glauca
Rhapis: Rhapis excelsa
Roystonea
Sabal: Sabal palmetto
Serenoa
Syagrus
Trachycarpus: Trachycarpus fortunei
Trithrinax
Veitchia
Wallichia
Washingtonia: Washingtonia filifera
Wodyetia: Wodyetia bifurcata
Palmetum
Gardens in India
Parks in Hyderabad, India
2002 establishments in Andhra Pradesh |
```javascript
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
module.exports = angular.module('trafficPortal.private.roles.users', [])
.config(function($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider) {
$stateProvider
.state('trafficPortal.private.roles.users', {
url: '/edit/{roleName}/users',
views: {
rolesContent: {
templateUrl: 'common/modules/table/roleUsers/table.roleUsers.tpl.html',
controller: 'TableRoleUsersController',
resolve: {
roles: function($stateParams, roleService) {
return roleService.getRoles({ name: $stateParams.roleName });
},
roleUsers: function(roles, userService) {
return userService.getUsers({ role: roles[0].name });
}
}
}
}
})
;
$urlRouterProvider.otherwise('/');
});
``` |
KKN di Desa Penari () is a 2022 Indonesian horror film directed by Awi Suryadi, based on a viral Twitter thread of the same name (later rewritten as a novel) by SimpleMan, produced by MD Pictures and its subsidiary, Pichouse Films. This film stars Tissa Biani, Adinda Thomas, and Achmad Megantara. This film released on April 30, 2022, previously this film was planned to be released on March 19, 2020, and than on February 24, 2022, but both of the date has pulled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon its release, it became the highest-grossing film in Indonesian history.
Plot
Nur (Tissa Biani), Widya (Adinda Thomas), Ayu (Aghniny Haque), Bima (Achmad Megantara), Anton (Calvin Jeremy), and Wahyu (Fajar Nugraha) will carry out KKN (Student study service) in a remote village.They never think that the village they chose turns out to be extraordinary. Mr. Prabu (Kiki Narendra) the village head, warns them not to cross the prohibited gate. The mysterious place might have something to do with the beautiful dancer who starts to disturb Nur and also Widya. One by one began to feel the strangeness of the village. Bima begins to change his attitude. Their KKN is a mess. It seems that the invisible inhabitants of the village do not like them. Nur finally discovers that one of them violates a fatal rule in the village. The terror of the mysterious dancer is even more sinister. They ask for help from Mbah Buyut (Diding Boneng), a local shaman. Too late. They are threatened not to be able to return safely from the village known as the Dancer's Village.
Cast
Tissa Biani as Nur
Adinda Thomas as Widya
Achmad Megantara as Bima
Aghniny Haque as Ayu
Calvin Jeremy as Anton
Fajar Nugraha as Wahyu
Kiki Narendra as Prabu
Aulia Sarah as Badarawuhi
Aty Cancer as Bu Sundari
Diding Boneng as Mbah Buyut
Dewi Sri as Mbah Dok
Andri Mashadi as Ilham
Lydia Kandou as Widya's mother (extended version only)
Reception
This film broke the record as the highest-grossing Indonesian film of all time, with the number of tickets selling at least 9.233.847 viewers as of September 8, 2022. It replaced the position of Warkop DKI Reborn: Jangkrik Boss! Part 1 by Anggy Umbara which held the record for the highest-grossing Indonesian film of all time for almost six years.
See also
KKN (Student study service)
KKN di Desa Penari (novel)
References
External links
2022 horror films
2022 films
Indonesian horror films
Films set in Java
Films directed by Awi Suryadi
Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2020s Indonesian-language films
Javanese-language films
2022 multilingual films
Indonesian multilingual films |
Catacombe is a 2018 Dutch drama film directed by Victor D. Ponten. In July 2018, it was one of nine films shortlisted to be the Dutch entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not selected.
Cast
Willem de Bruin as Jermaine Slagter
Kevin Janssens as Kevin van Looy
Orion Lee as Charlie Yuen
Werner Kolf as Samuel
Liliana de Vries as Naomi
Loes Schnepper as Coby
References
External links
2018 films
2018 drama films
Dutch drama films
2010s Dutch-language films |
The Church of St Laurence in East Harptree, Somerset, England, was built in the late 12th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The original 12th-century church was expanded in the 13th century and the tower added in the 15th. The three-stage west tower, which was built in the 15th century is supported by diagonal buttresses. The parapet was restored in 1633. The tower has a small polygonal turret in the north west corner and a parapet with gargoyles beneath it. It contains six bells.
New seating was provided during repairs in the 1880s.
The parish is now part of the benefice of East Harptree with West Harptree and Hinton Blewett, Litton with Chewton Mendip within the archdeaconry of Wells.
Interior
In a recess within the Norman porch of the church is the tomb of Sir John Newton who died in 1568. He is depicted in armour, lying beside his wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir Anthony Poyntz. The two panels in front of the tomb depict his eight sons and twelve daughters kneeling. It is covered by a canopy supported by six fluted Ionic columns. It was previously where the altar stands and was moved to the porch in 1883.
In the nave is a Norman font and a Jacobean pulpit.
The church includes a stained glass window by Karl Parsons which was installed as a War Memorial in 1919 to the eight men from the village who died in World War I. It is a three-light window with St George in the centre light, St Laurence in that to the left and St Agnes on the right. St Agnes holds a lamb.
The organ, a two manual electrically blown organ, which was made by Vowles of Bristol, was refurbished in 2009.
See also
List of ecclesiastical parishes in the Diocese of Bath and Wells
References
Grade II* listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset
Church of England church buildings in Bath and North East Somerset
12th-century church buildings in England
Grade II* listed churches in Somerset |
```text
Memory Lot + Infinite Money On Gain
0
jgduff1
0 32AEADC0 00000010
#
ASM Lot + Infinite Money On Gain
0
jgduff1
0 001CBF54 90430000
#
Memory Max Level + Lot HP On 2 Kills
0
jgduff1
0 36F7774C 00000007
#
ASM Max Level + Lot HP On 2 Kills
0
jgduff1
0 000BC268 905B0000
#
Memory Lot + Infinite Skills Points On Use + Gain
0
jgduff1
0 3166DD64 0046
#
ASM Lot + Infinite Skills Points On Use + Gain
0
jgduff1
0 00086418 9B660000
#
Memory Infinite Potion
0
jgduff1
0 35C26132 0003
#
ASM Infinite Potion
0
jgduff1
0 001A5E20 30840000
0 001A5E2C 90850010
#
Memory Instant Max + Infinite Special (Instant Max With Potion Only)
0
jgduff1
0 30E5FE98 42700000
0 31BA62C8 42700000
#
ASM Instant Max + Infinite Special (Instant Max With Potion Only)
0
jgduff1
0 000B5FFC EC20107A /*On Increase*/
0 000B6018 EC5F317A /*On Increase*/
0 000B601C EC4020BA /*On Increase*/
0 004112C4 60000000 /*On Decrease*/
#
``` |
```css
/*!
* ui-select
* path_to_url
* Version: 0.10.0 - 2015-02-26T06:35:06.243Z
*/
/* Style when highlighting a search. */
.ui-select-highlight {
font-weight: bold;
}
.ui-select-offscreen {
clip: rect(0 0 0 0) !important;
width: 1px !important;
height: 1px !important;
border: 0 !important;
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
position: absolute !important;
outline: 0 !important;
left: 0px !important;
top: 0px !important;
}
/* Select2 theme */
/* Mark invalid Select2 */
.ng-dirty.ng-invalid > a.select2-choice {
border-color: #D44950;
}
.select2-result-single {
padding-left: 0;
}
.select2-locked > .select2-search-choice-close{
display:none;
}
.select-locked > .ui-select-match-close{
display:none;
}
/* Selectize theme */
/* Helper class to show styles when focus */
.selectize-input.selectize-focus{
border-color: #007FBB !important;
}
/* Fix input width for Selectize theme */
.selectize-control > .selectize-input > input {
width: 100%;
}
/* Fix dropdown width for Selectize theme */
.selectize-control > .selectize-dropdown {
width: 100%;
}
/* Mark invalid Selectize */
.ng-dirty.ng-invalid > div.selectize-input {
border-color: #D44950;
}
/* Bootstrap theme */
/* Helper class to show styles when focus */
.btn-default-focus {
color: #333;
background-color: #EBEBEB;
border-color: #ADADAD;
text-decoration: none;
outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;
outline-offset: -2px;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6);
}
.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-toggle {
position: relative;
}
.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-toggle > .caret {
position: absolute;
height: 10px;
top: 50%;
right: 10px;
margin-top: -2px;
}
/* Fix Bootstrap dropdown position when inside a input-group */
.input-group > .ui-select-bootstrap.dropdown {
/* Instead of relative */
position: static;
}
.input-group > .ui-select-bootstrap > input.ui-select-search.form-control {
border-radius: 4px; /* FIXME hardcoded value :-/ */
border-top-right-radius: 0;
border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
}
.ui-select-bootstrap > .ui-select-match {
/* Instead of center because of .btn */
text-align: left;
}
.ui-select-bootstrap > .ui-select-match > .caret {
position: absolute;
top: 45%;
right: 15px;
}
/* See Scrollable Menu with Bootstrap 3 path_to_url */
.ui-select-bootstrap > .ui-select-choices {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
max-height: 200px;
overflow-x: hidden;
margin-top: -1px;
}
.ui-select-multiple.ui-select-bootstrap {
height: auto;
padding: 3px 3px 0 3px;
}
.ui-select-multiple.ui-select-bootstrap input.ui-select-search {
background-color: transparent !important; /* To prevent double background when disabled */
border: none;
outline: none;
height: 1.666666em;
margin-bottom: 3px;
}
.ui-select-multiple.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-match .close {
font-size: 1.6em;
line-height: 0.75;
}
.ui-select-multiple.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-match-item {
outline: 0;
margin: 0 3px 3px 0;
}
.ui-select-multiple .ui-select-match-item {
position: relative;
}
.ui-select-multiple .ui-select-match-item.dropping-before:before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 100%;
height: 100%;
margin-right: 2px;
border-left: 1px solid #428bca;
}
.ui-select-multiple .ui-select-match-item.dropping-after:after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 100%;
height: 100%;
margin-left: 2px;
border-right: 1px solid #428bca;
}
.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-choices-row>a {
display: block;
padding: 3px 20px;
clear: both;
font-weight: 400;
line-height: 1.42857143;
color: #333;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-choices-row>a:hover, .ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-choices-row>a:focus {
text-decoration: none;
color: #262626;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-choices-row.active>a {
color: #fff;
text-decoration: none;
outline: 0;
background-color: #428bca;
}
.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-choices-row.disabled>a,
.ui-select-bootstrap .ui-select-choices-row.active.disabled>a {
color: #777;
cursor: not-allowed;
background-color: #fff;
}
/* fix hide/show angular animation */
.ui-select-match.ng-hide-add,
.ui-select-search.ng-hide-add {
display: none !important;
}
/* Mark invalid Bootstrap */
.ui-select-bootstrap.ng-dirty.ng-invalid > button.btn.ui-select-match {
border-color: #D44950;
}
``` |
Sydney Young (3 March 1918 – 15 June 2013) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Claremont Football Club in the Western Australian Football League (WAFL). He died in 2013.
References
Holmesby, Russell & Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
VFL/AFL players born in England
Sydney Swans players
Claremont Football Club players
1918 births
2013 deaths
English emigrants to Australia |
George Sloan may refer to:
George B. Sloan (1831–1904), American businessman, banker, and politician
George Sloan (Canadian politician) (fl. 1930–1959), member of the Ottawa City Council
Off-Ramp, a DC Comics character
See also
George B. Sloan Estate, Oswego, New York |
A constitutional referendum was held in Kyrgyzstan on 11 December 2016. The constitutional amendments were approved by around 80% of voters.
Background
The post-independence constitution was introduced in 1993, with modifications made following referendums in 1996, 1998, 2003, 2007 and 2010. However, the current constitution prohibits any amendments being made until 2020. The original version of the 2010 constitution has been lost.
Proposed changes
The proposed changes to the constitution were put forward by five parties, and included increasing the powers of the Prime Minister and Supreme Council, as well as making reforms to the judicial system. The proposed reforms also established that marriage could be only "between a man and a woman" instead of "between two persons"; this was criticized by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe.
Conduct
There were some reports of alleged fraud. Some that political parties had resorted to vote buying and people told that they were offered 500 to 1,000 soms ($7 to $14) per vote. Speaking at a press conference, deputy Interior Minister Almaz Orozaliev reported five such cases (three in the Bishkek and two in the northern Chui region).
Results
References
2016 in Kyrgyzstan
2016 referendums
December 2016 events in Asia
Referendums in Kyrgyzstan |
The midcarpal joint is formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones in the proximal row, and the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones in the distal row. The distal pole of the scaphoid articulates with two trapezial bones as a gliding type of joint. The proximal end of the scaphoid combines with the lunate and triquetrum to form a deep concavity that articulates with the convexity of the combined capitate and hamate in a form of diarthrodial, almost condyloid joint.
Description
The cavity of the midcarpal joint is very extensive and irregular. The major portion of the cavity is located between the distal surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum and proximal surfaces of the four bones of the distal row. Proximal prolongations of the cavity occur between the scaphoid and lunate and between the lunate and triquetrum. These extensions reach almost to the proximal surface of the bones in the proximal row and are separated from the cavity of the radiocarpal joint by the thin interosseous ligaments. There are three distal prolongations of the midcarpal joint cavity between the four bones of the distal row. The joint space between trapezium and trapezoid, or that between trapezoid and capitate, may communicate with cavities of the carpometacarpal joints, most commonly the second and third. The cavity between the first metacarpal and carpus is always separate from the midcarpal joint; the joint cavity between the hamate and fourth and fifth metacarpals is a separate cavity more often than not, but it may communicate normally with the midcarpal joint.
The Wrist
The wrist is perhaps the most complicated joint in the body. It permits movements in two planes - extension/flexion, ulnar deviation/radial deviation - and allows complex patterns of motion under significant strain.
Optimal wrist function requires stability of the carpal components in all joint positions under static and dynamic conditions.
Stability is achieved by a sophisticated geometry of articular surfaces and intricate system of ligaments, retinacula, and tendons, which also determine the relative motion of the carpal bones.
Ligaments
Ligamentous Apparatus of the Wrist
The carpal bones are not interlocked solely by their shapes; rather, they are held together by interosseous ligaments and by volar, dorsal, radial, and ulnar ligaments. The ligaments holding the carpal bones to each other, to the distal radius and ulna, and to the proximal ends of the metacarpals can be described as extrinsic, or capsular, and intrinsic, or interosseous (intercarpal). The function of the ligamentous system is guiding and constraining certain patterns of motion. Some portion of the ligaments are under tension in every position of the hand in relation to the forearm.
References
External links
Google Books: Anatomy and human movement, Palastanga et al, p 180
In Vivo Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Midcarpal Joint of the Wrist. Moritomo et al
Wrist
Upper limb anatomy |
The Perfect Furlough is a 1958 American CinemaScope Eastmancolor romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by Stanley Shapiro. Edwards and Shapiro would re-team the following year for another Tony Curtis service comedy, Operation Petticoat.
Plot
The army has a problem with over 100 male soldiers stationed at an isolated Arctic base for nearly a year are having psychological problems due to their isolation. As a result, they have lost a sense of military discipline, are careless and lackadaisical in their duties and their morale is at rock bottom. As it is impossible to give all the soldiers a furlough, their commanding general in the US holds a meeting to discuss the best solution. Army psychiatrist Lieutenant Vicky Loren suggests that the soldiers on the isolated base decide amongst themselves what would be "the perfect furlough" with a lottery being held where one lucky soldier would go on the furlough with the rest of the soldiers living vicariously through him. They decide on a trip to Paris with sex symbol movie star Sandra Roca.
The scheming Corporal Paul Hodges wins the lottery and gets to Paris, France, on a three weeks' leave. The army is worried that Hodges' reputation as a ladies' man will embarrass the army if he has his way with the film star. Lt. Loren and two military policemen keep Hodges under constant supervision, but Hodges schemes to score with Sandra.
Cast
Tony Curtis as Cpl. Paul Hodges
Janet Leigh as Lt. Vicki Loren
Keenan Wynn as Harvey Franklin
Linda Cristal as Sandra Roca, the Argentine Bombshell
Elaine Stritch as Liz Baker
Marcel Dalio as Henri Valentin
Les Tremayne as Col. Leland
Jay Novello as Rene Valentin
King Donovan as Maj. Collins
Gordon Jones as "Sylvia", MP #1
Alvy Moore as Pvt. Marvin Brewer
Lilyan Chauvin as French nurse
Troy Donahue as Sgt. Nickles
Dick Crockett as Hans, MP #2
Eugene Borden as French doctor
James Lanphier as assistant hotel manager
See also
List of American films of 1958
References
External links
1958 films
1958 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
1950s French-language films
Films set in Paris
Films directed by Blake Edwards
Universal Pictures films
Films scored by Frank Skinner
1950s English-language films
1950s American films |
The 2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships (also known as the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships presented by A1 due to sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh edition of the tournament and the world championship for the sport of beach volleyball for both men and women. The tournament was held from 28 July to 6 August 2017 in Vienna, Austria. The tournament had a prize money of USD $500,000 per gender.
Competition schedule
Medal summary
Medal table
Medal events
Men's tournament
Knockout stage bracket
Women's tournament
Knockout stage bracket
References
External links
Official website
Beach Volleyball World Championships
2017 in beach volleyball
2017 in Austrian sport
International volleyball competitions hosted by Austria
Sports competitions in Vienna
Beach Volleyball World Championships
Beach Volleyball World Championships |
The Athol Daily News is a small, six-day daily (Monday through Saturday) newspaper in north central Massachusetts. Based in the town of Greenfield, the newspaper covers the towns of Athol, Erving, New Salem, Orange, Petersham, Phillipston, Royalston, Warwick, and Wendell, Massachusetts.
History
There have been four owners in the history of the Athol Daily News, the last three representing generations of the same family.
The Athol Daily News was founded in 1934 when Lincoln O'Brien merged two weeklies, the Athol Chronicle and Athol Transcript. O'Brien sold the paper to Edward T. Fairchild in 1940. On January 1, 1982, Richard J. Chase Sr. bought the newspaper from Fairchild, his father-in-law. The Boston Globe reported at the time that the Daily News' circulation was 5,500.
Richard J. Chase Jr., Fairchild's grandson, took over Athol Press Inc. September 29, 1989. Circulation of the family-owned newspaper at that time was given as 5,700.
On December 20, 2017, it was publicly announced that Newspapers of New England (NNE) had purchased the paper for an undisclosed amount.
References
External links
Athol Daily News Website
Newspapers published in Massachusetts
Mass media in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Newspapers published by Newspapers of New England, Inc.
2017 mergers and acquisitions |
Chanh muối is a salted, pickled lime in Vietnamese cuisine. Its name comes from the Vietnamese words chanh (meaning "lime" or "lemon") and muối (meaning "salt"). To make the chanh muối, many limes (often key limes) are packed tightly in salt in a glass container and placed in the sun until they are pickled. During the process, juices are drawn off the limes, which dissolves the salt and produces a pickling liquid which immerses the finished chanh muối.
Serving method
Chanh muối are used to make a drink (with added sugar and water or carbonated water) that is called nước chanh muối or soda chanh muối, if made with carbonated water. Nước means water or "drink" in this context, when combined as nước chanh it means lemonade. The name of the drink is usually shortened to just chanh muối when the context is beverages and often appears on the menus of Vietnamese restaurants translated as "salty lemonade" or "salty limeade." To prepare the drink, a small piece of chanh muối (containing both rind and flesh) is cut, placed in a glass, and crushed slightly with a spoon or other utensil to release its juices, then the other ingredients are added.
Although the drink is typically served cold, with ice, as a refreshing summer drink, it may also be served hot, and is believed to be a remedy for the common cold. After finishing the drink, many Vietnamese people enjoy eating the piece of chanh muối left in the glass.
Outside Vietnam, lemons are sometimes used instead of limes to make chanh muối.
The first commercial brand was created by Dan Vo, sold in bottles and bags through Southeast Asia.
See also
Kiamoy
Chamoy
References
Fruit juice
Limes (fruit)
Vietnamese drinks
Citrus drinks |
A Bhaṭṭāraka ( "holy one") heads traditional Digambara Jain institutions. He is responsible for training scholars, maintenance of libraries, managing endowments, presiding over installation ceremonies and running Jain institutions.
Overview
The term bhaṭṭāraka was used for Virasena, Bhadrabahu and other notables. It has also been used for the Tirthankaras. It was in the past used for leaders of religious orders in Shaivism, Buddhism and other groups, but currently it is applied to heads of Digambara Jain institutions. Unlike a Digambara monk, a bhaṭṭāraka wears an orange robe, stays in a single place and is involved in management of assets of the institution.
Several of the Bhattarak seats were termed "Vidyasthana" i.e. centers of learning. These include Jaipur, Delhi, Gwalior, Ajmer, Nagaur, Rampur-Bhanpura, Karanaja, Surat, Kolhapur, Jinakanchi, Penukonda, Malkhed, Vijayanagara, Varanga and Hummacha.
The role of a bhaṭṭāraka is described by Brahm Gyansagar, a disciple of Bhaṭṭāraka Shribhushana of Kashtha Sangh Nanditat Gaccha in seventeenth century of the Vikram era, while describing the six components of the Jain Sangha:
Bhaṭṭāraka sōhi jāṇa bhraṣṭācara nivārē, dharma prakāśē dōi bhavika jīva bahu tārē| Sakala śastra sampūrṇa sūrimantra ārādhē, karē gaccha uddhāra svātmakārya bahu sādhē| Saumyamūrti śōbhākaraṇa kṣamādharaṇa gambhīramati, bhaṭṭāraka sōhi jāṇiyē kahata jñānasāgara yati."Thus a bhaṭṭāraka illuminates both dharmas, is an expert in all scriptures, has the authority to recite the suri-mantra (to consecrate an image). He is also responsible for preserving the order. He is the head of the six limbs of the sangha: shravaka, shravika, pandita (brahma), muni (maha vrati), aryika and Bhattaraka."
Many of the bhattarakas were prolific authors. They wrote hundreds of original books and commentaries on various subjects, in Sanskrit and in local languages. All existing Jain manuscripts available today owe their preservation to the libraries maintained by Bhattarakas. They trained and supported pandits. Until modern times, all pratishthas were supervised by them or pandits (such as Raighu)designated by them.
Present Bhattaraka Seats
Once bhaṭṭārakas were common all over India, but currently, they are present only in South India, with the exception of a new Bhattaraka seat at Hastinapur. Famous bhaṭṭāraka seats include:
Karnataka
Shravanabelagola, seat of the Desiya Gana, Pustaka Order. The bhaṭṭāraka is named Charukirti. This is where the Siddhanta Granthas were once preserved in the library, before they were moved to Mudabidri.
Moodabidri, also a very important great holy seat of the Desiya Gana, Pustaka Order. The bhaṭṭāraka is named Charukirti. The original manuscripts of the Siddhanta Granthas like Dhavala are preserved here. The present swamiji is very much experienced most popular India and abroad scholar, master's degree, doctorate holder in various subjects. On 29 August 1999 swamiji took charge of holy bhattarak seat; it is independent holy ancient jain digamber acharya seat.
Humbaj, seat of Balatkara Gana, Sarasvati Order. The bhaṭṭāraka is named Devendrakirti. This is the original seat of the order which once had branches all north India from Idar in Gujarat to Shikharji in Jharkhand
Narasimharajapura
Karkala
Kanakagiri Jain Matha
Amminabhavi
Kambadahalli
Sonda Jain Math
Maharashtra
Nandani, seat of the Sena Gana, Pushakara Order. The bhaṭṭāraka is named Jinasena. Acharya Shantisagar belonged to this tradition.
Kumbhoj
Kolhapur
Tamil Nadu
Bhattaraka Lakshmisena of the Jinakanchi Jain Math (also known as the Mel Sithamur Jain Math), who heads the Tamil Jains.
Bhattaraka Dhavalakeerthi of the Arahanthgiri Jain Math
Uttar Pradesh
Ravindrkirti Swami of Jammudeep tirth Hastinapur
Historical Bhattaraka Seats
Bhaṭṭāraka seats existed at the following places until recent centuries:
North India: Delhi, Hisar, Haryana, Mathura
Rajasthan: Jaipur, Nagaur, Ajmer, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Rajasthan, Dungarpur, Narsimhapur, Rishabhdeo, Mahavirji
Madhya Pradesh: Gwalior, Sonagiri, Ater, Chanderi, Sironj, Rehli, Panagar
Gujarat: Idar, Sagwada, Surat, Bhanpur, Sojitra, Kalol, Jerhat
Maharashtra: Karanja, Nagpur, Latur, Nanded, Kolhapur, Nandani
Andhra Pradesh: Penukonda
Karnataka: Malakheda, Karkala, Swadi
The Terapanth movement arose in 17th century because of opposition by elite householders to Bhattarakas. Still many Bhaṭṭāraka seats in North India existed until the beginning of the 20th century. In some locations disputes arose and the reformists opposed existing Bhattarakas because they did not display the scholarship expected, or disapproval of their spending of the institutional funds. Many Bhattarakas were unable to find suitable disciples to take their place after them.
A new Bhattaraka seat has again come into existence at Hastinapur presided by Bhattaraka Ravindra Kirti.
Theories of Origin
There are several theories of how the modern Bhattarka institution originated.
In its modern form, with the Bhattaraka as an orange-robed advanced layman, its founding is often attributed to Prabhachandra of Mula Sangh, Balatkara Gana Saraswati gachchha, who travelled from Pattana (Gujarat) to Delhi, where he was anointed in a ceremony as the first Bhattaraka of Delhi. He was invited by the ruler of Delhi, who is identified as Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.
However Shrutasagara, in his commentary on Shatprabhrita, mentioned Prabhachandra's predecessor Vasantakirti as having adopted body coverage first. The lineage linking Vasabtakirti and Prabhachandra is given as following (see Balatkara Gana):
Vasantakirti at Mandapadurg
Vishalakirti (or Prakhyatkirti), Ajmer
Shubhakirti, Ajmer
Dharmachandra, Ajmer
Ratnakirti, Ajmer
Prabhachandra, who visited Delhi
Originally the wearing of clothes was regarded to be an exception to be used when going out. Until recent time, many Bhattarakas used to discard clothing within the monastery on specific occasions like eating, image consecretion or initiating another Bhattaraka.
See also
Mula Sangh
Kashtha Sangh
Yati
Mahatma
References
External links
Digambara
Titles and occupations in Hinduism |
```go
package wire
import (
"errors"
"io"
"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/internal/protocol"
"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/internal/utils"
)
// ParseShortHeader parses a short header packet.
// It must be called after header protection was removed.
// Otherwise, the check for the reserved bits will (most likely) fail.
func ParseShortHeader(data []byte, connIDLen int) (length int, _ protocol.PacketNumber, _ protocol.PacketNumberLen, _ protocol.KeyPhaseBit, _ error) {
if len(data) == 0 {
return 0, 0, 0, 0, io.EOF
}
if data[0]&0x80 > 0 {
return 0, 0, 0, 0, errors.New("not a short header packet")
}
if data[0]&0x40 == 0 {
return 0, 0, 0, 0, errors.New("not a QUIC packet")
}
pnLen := protocol.PacketNumberLen(data[0]&0b11) + 1
if len(data) < 1+int(pnLen)+connIDLen {
return 0, 0, 0, 0, io.EOF
}
pos := 1 + connIDLen
pn, err := readPacketNumber(data[pos:], pnLen)
if err != nil {
return 0, 0, 0, 0, err
}
kp := protocol.KeyPhaseZero
if data[0]&0b100 > 0 {
kp = protocol.KeyPhaseOne
}
if data[0]&0x18 != 0 {
err = ErrInvalidReservedBits
}
return 1 + connIDLen + int(pnLen), pn, pnLen, kp, err
}
// AppendShortHeader writes a short header.
func AppendShortHeader(b []byte, connID protocol.ConnectionID, pn protocol.PacketNumber, pnLen protocol.PacketNumberLen, kp protocol.KeyPhaseBit) ([]byte, error) {
typeByte := 0x40 | uint8(pnLen-1)
if kp == protocol.KeyPhaseOne {
typeByte |= byte(1 << 2)
}
b = append(b, typeByte)
b = append(b, connID.Bytes()...)
return appendPacketNumber(b, pn, pnLen)
}
func ShortHeaderLen(dest protocol.ConnectionID, pnLen protocol.PacketNumberLen) protocol.ByteCount {
return 1 + protocol.ByteCount(dest.Len()) + protocol.ByteCount(pnLen)
}
func LogShortHeader(logger utils.Logger, dest protocol.ConnectionID, pn protocol.PacketNumber, pnLen protocol.PacketNumberLen, kp protocol.KeyPhaseBit) {
logger.Debugf("\tShort Header{DestConnectionID: %s, PacketNumber: %d, PacketNumberLen: %d, KeyPhase: %s}", dest, pn, pnLen, kp)
}
``` |
```shell
#!/bin/sh
base=$1
username=$2
if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
echo Usage: $0 basename username
exit 1
fi
kubectl exec -it $base -- mkdir /tmp/backup
for table in artifact artifactstore attribute codeversion collaborator collaboratormappings comment dataset dataset_part_info datasetversion experiment experimentrun feature gitsnapshot gitsnapshotentity_filepaths job keyvalue observation path_dataset_version_info project query_dataset_version_info query_parameter raw_dataset_version_info tagmapping user_comment;
do kubectl exec -it $base -- pg_dump -t $table -U $username -h localhost --quote-all-identifiers -Fp --no-acl --no-owner --data-only -f /tmp/backup/$table.sql postgres
done;
kubectl exec -it $base -- tar cvzf /tmp/backup.tgz /tmp/backup
kubectl cp $base:/tmp/backup.tgz $base.tgz
kubectl exec -it $base -- rm -rf /tmp/backup /tmp/backup.tgz
``` |
Attraction, in linguistics, is a type of error in language production that incorrectly extends a feature from one word in a sentence to another. This can refer to agreement attraction, wherein a feature is assigned based on agreement with another word. This tends to happen in English with Subject Verb Agreement, especially where the subject is separated from the verb in a complex noun phrase structure. It can also refer to Case Attraction, which assigns features based on grammatical roles, or in dialectal forms of English, Negative Attraction which extends negation particles.
Agreement attraction
Agreement attraction occurs when a verb agrees with a noun other than its subject. It most commonly occurs with complex subject noun phrases, a notable example of this appeared in the New Yorker:
Efforts to make English the official language is gaining strength throughout the U.S.
The head of the subject noun phrase, "efforts", is plural, but the verb appears in a singular form because the local noun "language" in the interceding phrase is singular, and therefore attracts the production of the singular feature in "is". While Bock pointed to this example, it doesn't follow the more common pattern where the local nouns are plural and attract plural marking onto the verb, such as in the sentence:
"The key to the cabinets were missing"
The tendency for plural nouns to elicit attraction more often is caused by a marking plurality as a feature, where singularity is considered part of the default, and that activation of the noun plurality marker is what attracts the plural verb form activation. Agreement attraction not only appears with Subject Verb Agreement, but also with Object Verb agreement in WH-movement in English. Take this ungrammatical construction:
"Which flowers are the gardener planting"
This sentence is ungrammatical because the subject "gardener" is singular, but "are" is plural, which was attracted by the plural noun object phrase "which flowers" that appear just before the verb due to WH-movement.
Object attraction also appears in SOV constructions in Dutch, where agreement attraction occurs between the verb and the local object noun.
"John gave his pencil to the teacher" - "his" refers to "John" as it is a possessive marker
There can be a lot of confusion caused by words that are grammatically plural but conceptually singular such as "scissors", but also those that are grammatically and conceptually plural such as "suds", as well as words that are grammatically singular but can be conceptually plural such as "army".
Case attraction
Case attraction is the process by which a relative pronoun takes on (is "attracted to") the case of its antecedent rather than having the case appropriate to its function in the relative clause. For example, in the following English sentence, the relative pronoun has the appropriate case, the accusative:
This is the boss of the man whom I met yesterday.
The following erroneous sentence, on the other hand, has case attraction:
This is the boss of the man whose I met yesterday.
Because the antecedent, "[of] the man", is possessive, the relative pronoun has become possessive as well. Attraction is a theoretical process in Standard English, but it is common in the Greek of the Septuagint and also occurs in the New Testament.
References
Grammar |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.ballerinalang.langserver.hover;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.ModuleID;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.SemanticModel;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.symbols.Documentable;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.symbols.Documentation;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.symbols.ModuleSymbol;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.symbols.Qualifiable;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.symbols.Qualifier;
import io.ballerina.compiler.api.symbols.Symbol;
import io.ballerina.compiler.syntax.tree.ExpressionNode;
import io.ballerina.compiler.syntax.tree.ModulePartNode;
import io.ballerina.compiler.syntax.tree.NonTerminalNode;
import io.ballerina.compiler.syntax.tree.SyntaxKind;
import io.ballerina.compiler.syntax.tree.Token;
import io.ballerina.projects.Document;
import io.ballerina.projects.ModuleId;
import io.ballerina.projects.Package;
import io.ballerina.projects.Project;
import io.ballerina.tools.text.LinePosition;
import io.ballerina.tools.text.TextDocument;
import io.ballerina.tools.text.TextRange;
import org.ballerinalang.langserver.codeaction.MatchedExpressionNodeResolver;
import org.ballerinalang.langserver.common.utils.CommonUtil;
import org.ballerinalang.langserver.common.utils.PositionUtil;
import org.ballerinalang.langserver.commons.HoverContext;
import org.ballerinalang.langserver.util.MarkupUtils;
import org.eclipse.lsp4j.Hover;
import org.eclipse.lsp4j.MarkupContent;
import org.eclipse.lsp4j.Position;
import org.eclipse.lsp4j.Range;
import org.wso2.ballerinalang.util.RepoUtils;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* Utility class for Hover functionality of language server.
*/
public class HoverUtil {
/**
* Get the hover content.
*
* @param context Hover operation context
* @return {@link Hover} Hover content
*/
public static Hover getHover(HoverContext context) {
Optional<Document> srcFile = context.currentDocument();
Optional<SemanticModel> semanticModel = context.currentSemanticModel();
if (semanticModel.isEmpty() || srcFile.isEmpty()) {
return HoverUtil.getHoverObject("");
}
//Fill node and token info at cursor
fillTokenInfoAtCursor(context);
Position cursorPosition = context.getCursorPosition();
LinePosition linePosition = LinePosition.from(cursorPosition.getLine(), cursorPosition.getCharacter());
// Check for the cancellation before the time-consuming operation
context.checkCancelled();
Optional<Symbol> symbolAtCursor = getSymbolAtCursor(context, semanticModel.get(), srcFile.get(), linePosition);
// Check for the cancellation after the time-consuming operation
context.checkCancelled();
HoverObjectResolver provider = new HoverObjectResolver(context);
Hover hoverObj = HoverUtil.getHoverObject("");
//Handles new expression
if (symbolAtCursor.isEmpty()) {
Range nodeRange = new Range(context.getCursorPosition(), context.getCursorPosition());
NonTerminalNode nodeAtCursor = CommonUtil.findNode(nodeRange, srcFile.get().syntaxTree());
if (nodeAtCursor != null) {
MatchedExpressionNodeResolver expressionResolver = new MatchedExpressionNodeResolver(nodeAtCursor);
Optional<ExpressionNode> expr = expressionResolver.findExpression(nodeAtCursor);
if (expr.isPresent()) {
hoverObj = provider.getHoverObjectForExpression(expr.get());
}
}
} else {
hoverObj = provider.getHoverObjectForSymbol(symbolAtCursor.get());
}
//Add reference to APIDocs.
if (hoverObj.getContents().isRight()) {
MarkupContent markupContent = hoverObj.getContents().getRight();
String content = markupContent.getValue();
HoverSymbolResolver symbolResolver =
new HoverSymbolResolver(context, semanticModel.get());
Optional<Symbol> symbol = context.getNodeAtCursor().apply(symbolResolver);
if (symbol == null || symbol.isEmpty() || !symbolResolver.isSymbolReferable()) {
return hoverObj;
}
Optional<ModuleID> moduleID = symbol.flatMap(Symbol::getModule).map(ModuleSymbol::id);
if (moduleID.isEmpty() || symbol.get().getName().isEmpty()) {
return hoverObj;
}
ModuleID modID = moduleID.get();
String version = CommonUtil.isLangLibOrLangTest(modID) ? RepoUtils.getBallerinaVersion() : modID.version();
String url = APIDocReference.from(modID.orgName(), modID.moduleName(), version,
symbol.get().getName().get());
markupContent.setValue((content.isEmpty() ? "" : content + MarkupUtils.getHorizontalSeparator())
+ "[View API Docs](" + url + ")");
hoverObj.setContents(markupContent);
}
return hoverObj;
}
private static Optional<Symbol> getSymbolAtCursor(HoverContext context, SemanticModel semanticModel,
Document srcFile, LinePosition linePosition) {
NonTerminalNode cursor = context.getNodeAtCursor();
SyntaxKind kind = cursor.kind();
if (kind == SyntaxKind.LIST || kind == SyntaxKind.PARENTHESIZED_ARG_LIST
|| kind == SyntaxKind.SIMPLE_NAME_REFERENCE
&& cursor.parent().kind() == SyntaxKind.CLIENT_RESOURCE_ACCESS_ACTION) {
return semanticModel.symbol(cursor.parent());
}
return semanticModel.symbol(srcFile, linePosition);
}
/**
* returns the default hover object.
*
* @return {@link Hover} hover object.
*/
protected static Hover getHoverObject() {
return getHoverObject("");
}
/**
* Get a Hover object given the content.
*
* @return {@link Hover} hover object.
*/
protected static Hover getHoverObject(String content) {
Hover hover = new Hover();
MarkupContent hoverMarkupContent = new MarkupContent();
hoverMarkupContent.setKind(CommonUtil.MARKDOWN_MARKUP_KIND);
hoverMarkupContent.setValue(content);
hover.setContents(hoverMarkupContent);
return hover;
}
/**
* Check if a given symbol has valid access modifiers to be visible with in the give context.
*
* @param symbol Symbol.
* @param currentPackage Current Package.
* @param currentModule Current Module.
* @return {@link Boolean} Whether the symbol is visible in the current context.
*/
protected static Boolean withValidAccessModifiers(Symbol symbol, Package currentPackage,
ModuleId currentModule, HoverContext context) {
Optional<Project> project = context.workspace().project(context.filePath());
Optional<ModuleSymbol> typeSymbolModule = symbol.getModule();
if (project.isEmpty() || typeSymbolModule.isEmpty()) {
return false;
}
boolean isResource = false;
boolean isPrivate = false;
boolean isPublic = false;
boolean isRemote = false;
if (symbol instanceof Qualifiable) {
Qualifiable qSymbol = (Qualifiable) symbol;
isPrivate = qSymbol.qualifiers().contains(Qualifier.PRIVATE);
isPublic = qSymbol.qualifiers().contains(Qualifier.PUBLIC);
isResource = qSymbol.qualifiers().contains(Qualifier.RESOURCE);
isRemote = qSymbol.qualifiers().contains(Qualifier.REMOTE);
}
if (isResource || isRemote || isPublic) {
return true;
}
ModuleID objModuleId = typeSymbolModule.get().id();
return (!isPrivate && objModuleId.moduleName().equals(currentModule.moduleName())
&& objModuleId.orgName().equals(currentPackage.packageOrg().value()));
}
/**
* Get the description only hover object.
*
* @return {@link Hover}
*/
public static Hover getDescriptionOnlyHoverObject(Symbol symbol) {
if (!(symbol instanceof Documentable) || ((Documentable) symbol).documentation().isEmpty()) {
return HoverUtil.getHoverObject("");
}
return getDescriptionOnlyHoverObject(((Documentable) symbol).documentation().get());
}
/**
* Get the description only hover object.
*
* @return {@link Hover}
*/
public static Hover getDescriptionOnlyHoverObject(Documentation documentation) {
String description = "";
if (documentation.description().isPresent()) {
description = documentation.description().get();
}
return HoverUtil.getHoverObject(description);
}
public static void fillTokenInfoAtCursor(HoverContext context) {
Optional<Token> tokenAtCursor = PositionUtil.findTokenAtPosition(context, context.getCursorPosition());
Optional<Document> document = context.currentDocument();
if (document.isEmpty() || tokenAtCursor.isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("Could not find a valid document/token");
}
context.setTokenAtCursor(tokenAtCursor.get());
TextDocument textDocument = document.get().textDocument();
Position position = context.getCursorPosition();
int txtPos = textDocument.textPositionFrom(LinePosition.from(position.getLine(), position.getCharacter()));
context.setCursorPositionInTree(txtPos);
TextRange range = TextRange.from(txtPos, 0);
NonTerminalNode nonTerminalNode = ((ModulePartNode) document.get().syntaxTree().rootNode()).findNode(range);
context.setNodeAtCursor(nonTerminalNode);
}
}
``` |
```c
/*
*
*/
#define DT_DRV_COMPAT ti_bq274xx
#include <zephyr/drivers/sensor.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/gpio.h>
#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_BQ274XX_PM
#include <zephyr/pm/device.h>
#endif
#include "bq274xx.h"
LOG_MODULE_DECLARE(bq274xx, CONFIG_SENSOR_LOG_LEVEL);
static void bq274xx_handle_interrupts(const struct device *dev)
{
struct bq274xx_data *data = dev->data;
if (data->ready_handler) {
data->ready_handler(dev, data->ready_trig);
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_BQ274XX_TRIGGER_OWN_THREAD
static K_KERNEL_STACK_DEFINE(bq274xx_thread_stack, CONFIG_BQ274XX_THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
static struct k_thread bq274xx_thread;
static void bq274xx_thread_main(void *p1, void *p2, void *p3)
{
ARG_UNUSED(p2);
ARG_UNUSED(p3);
struct bq274xx_data *data = p1;
while (1) {
k_sem_take(&data->sem, K_FOREVER);
bq274xx_handle_interrupts(data->dev);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BQ274XX_TRIGGER_GLOBAL_THREAD
static void bq274xx_work_handler(struct k_work *work)
{
struct bq274xx_data *data = CONTAINER_OF(work, struct bq274xx_data, work);
bq274xx_handle_interrupts(data->dev);
}
#endif
static void bq274xx_ready_callback_handler(const struct device *port,
struct gpio_callback *cb,
gpio_port_pins_t pins)
{
struct bq274xx_data *data = CONTAINER_OF(cb, struct bq274xx_data,
ready_callback);
ARG_UNUSED(port);
ARG_UNUSED(pins);
#if defined(CONFIG_BQ274XX_TRIGGER_OWN_THREAD)
k_sem_give(&data->sem);
#elif defined(CONFIG_BQ274XX_TRIGGER_GLOBAL_THREAD)
k_work_submit(&data->work);
#endif
}
int bq274xx_trigger_mode_init(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct bq274xx_config *const config = dev->config;
struct bq274xx_data *data = dev->data;
int ret;
data->dev = dev;
#if defined(CONFIG_BQ274XX_TRIGGER_OWN_THREAD)
k_sem_init(&data->sem, 0, K_SEM_MAX_LIMIT);
k_thread_create(&bq274xx_thread, bq274xx_thread_stack,
CONFIG_BQ274XX_THREAD_STACK_SIZE,
bq274xx_thread_main,
data, NULL, NULL,
K_PRIO_COOP(CONFIG_BQ274XX_THREAD_PRIORITY),
0, K_NO_WAIT);
#elif defined(CONFIG_BQ274XX_TRIGGER_GLOBAL_THREAD)
k_work_init(&data->work, bq274xx_work_handler);
#endif
ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->int_gpios, GPIO_INPUT);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to configure interrupt pin");
return ret;
}
gpio_init_callback(&data->ready_callback,
bq274xx_ready_callback_handler,
BIT(config->int_gpios.pin));
return 0;
}
int bq274xx_trigger_set(const struct device *dev,
const struct sensor_trigger *trig,
sensor_trigger_handler_t handler)
{
const struct bq274xx_config *config = dev->config;
struct bq274xx_data *data = dev->data;
int ret;
#ifdef CONFIG_BQ274XX_PM
enum pm_device_state state;
(void)pm_device_state_get(dev, &state);
if (state != PM_DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE) {
return -EBUSY;
}
#endif
if (trig->type != SENSOR_TRIG_DATA_READY) {
return -ENOTSUP;
}
if (!gpio_is_ready_dt(&config->int_gpios)) {
LOG_ERR("GPIO device is not ready");
return -ENODEV;
}
data->ready_handler = handler;
data->ready_trig = trig;
if (handler) {
ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->int_gpios, GPIO_INPUT);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to configure interrupt pin: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
ret = gpio_add_callback(config->int_gpios.port,
&data->ready_callback);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to add interrupt callback: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
ret = gpio_pin_interrupt_configure_dt(&config->int_gpios,
GPIO_INT_EDGE_TO_ACTIVE);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to configure interrupt: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
} else {
ret = gpio_remove_callback(config->int_gpios.port,
&data->ready_callback);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to remove interrupt callback: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
ret = gpio_pin_interrupt_configure_dt(&config->int_gpios, GPIO_INT_DISABLE);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to disable interrupt: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
}
return 0;
}
``` |
Cyathea affinis is a variable species of tree fern native to Fiji, Samoa, the Cook Islands, Austral Islands, Tahiti, and the Marquesas Islands. The trunk of this plant is erect and 2–6 m tall. Fronds are bipinnate and 2–3 m in length. The rachis and stipe are pale to brown in colour, or flushed with red towards the pinnule rachis. The stipe is sparsely covered in narrow basal scales, which are pale to dark and have broad fragile edges. Characteristically of this species, the lowest one or two pairs of pinnae may be slightly reduced and occur towards the base of the stipe. Sori are located near the pinnule midvein and are partially or fully covered by indusia, which open towards the pinnule margin.
Large and Braggins (2004) note that there is much variation between individual plants of C. affinis in terms of frond and scale details and Cyathea tahitensis, which is usually regarded as synonymous, may in fact represent a separate species.
Cyathea affinis (G.Forst.) Sw. is not to be confused with Cyathea affinis Brack, a synonym of Sphaeropteris propinqua, nor Cyathea affinis A.Rojas, a synonym of Cyathea retanae.
Young shoots of C. affinis are eaten in the Marquesas Islands.
References
The International Plant Names Index: Cyathea affinis
affinis
Flora of Fiji
Flora of Samoa
Flora of the Cook Islands
Flora of the Society Islands
Flora of the Tubuai Islands
Flora of the Marquesas Islands |
Boßdorf (or Bossdorf) is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Wittenberg.
Geography
Boßdorf lies about 15 km north of Lutherstadt Wittenberg.
Economy and transportation
Boßdorf is connected to Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 2, which lies 6 km east of the community, and joins Berlin and Wittenberg.
Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Wittenberg |
One Eastside is a residential skyscraper under construction in Birmingham, United Kingdom. It is planned to be 155 metres tall, and contains 51 stories. Upon completion, it would become the joint tallest building in Birmingham and the West Midlands, with Octagon, which is also under construction and also expected to be 155 metres tall. One Eastside and Octagon would become Birmingham's first buildings to be taller than 150 metres, and are defined as skyscrapers by the Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
The scheme also includes a second 16-story building. It is developed by local developer Court Collaboration. The scheme is located near the upcoming HS2 station. It is expected to cost £160 million.
See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in the Birmingham Metropolitan Area, West Midlands
References
Birmingham, West Midlands |
The Rt Rev Michael Edward Coleman, was an Anglican bishop in the second quarter of the 20th century.
Born in April 1902 and educated at Bradfield College, he was ordained in 1928. After a curacy at Hucknall Torkard he was a Toc H Chaplain in Manchester and western Canada before joining the staff of All Hallows-by-the-Tower. In 1943 he became a Canon at Christ Church Cathedral, Victoria. Seven years later he was appointed Bishop of Qu'Appelle, a post he held for a decade.
He died on 2 February 1969.
Notes
1902 births
1969 deaths
People educated at Bradfield College
Anglican bishops of Qu'Appelle
20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops |
Brett Young (April 3, 1967 – March 3, 2015) was an American football defensive back who played seven seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Ottawa Rough Riders, BC Lions and Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) in the eighth round of the 1989 NFL Supplemental Draft. He played college football at the University of Oregon and attended Phineas Banning High School in Los Angeles, California.
College career
Young played for the Oregon Ducks from 1985 to 1988, recording nine interceptions. He was dismissed from the school for academic shortcomings in June 1989.
Professional career
Young was selected by the Buffalo Bills of the NFL in the eighth round of the 1989 NFL Supplemental Draft.
Ottawa Rough Riders
On August 15, 1989, Young was signed to the practice roster of the Ottawa Rough Riders of the CFL. Due to injuries, he made his CFL debut, and first start, on August 21, 1989, against the Toronto Argonauts. He played in 24 games for the team from 1989 to 1990.
BC Lions
Young was traded to the BC Lions in 1992 for future considerations, which was later the rights to Bruce Beaton. He played in eleven games for the Lions in 1992.
Ottawa Rough Riders
Young returned to the Rough Riders late in the 1992 season and played in one game. He then played for the Rough Riders from 1993 to 1995, being named Ottawa's outstanding defensive player and earning CFL Northern All-Star honors in 1995.
Hamilton Tiger-Cats
Young was traded to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats with Horace Brooks and Jason Phillips for quarterback Steve Taylor in 1996. He played in twelve games for the Tiger-Cats during the 1996 season.
Death
Young died of kidney failure on March 3, 2015, in Torrance, California.
References
External links
Just Sports Stats
1967 births
2015 deaths
Players of American football from Los Angeles County, California
Players of Canadian football from California
American football defensive backs
Canadian football defensive backs
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
Oregon Ducks football players
Ottawa Rough Riders players
BC Lions players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Sportspeople from Carson, California
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people
Deaths from kidney failure
Phineas Banning High School alumni |
```c++
/// Source : path_to_url
/// Author : liuyubobobo
/// Time : 2017-10-19
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <cctype>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// Using stack to simulate the dfs process
// Time Complexity: O(n)
// Space Complexity: O(n)
class Solution {
public:
int lengthLongestPath(string input) {
//cout << input << endl;
int res = 0;
int curLength = 0;
stack<string> dir;
int start = 0;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= input.size() ; ){
if(i == input.size() || input[i] == '\n'){
string curStr = input.substr(start, i-start);
//cout << "cur str: " << curStr << endl;
int j = start;
while(input[j] == '\t')
j ++;
string curDir = curStr.substr(j-start);
int curDepth = j - start;
if(curDepth < dir.size()){
assert(dir.size() >= (dir.size() - curDepth));
int pop_time = dir.size() - curDepth;
for(int k = 0 ; k < pop_time ; k ++){
curLength -= dir.top().size();
dir.pop();
}
}
else
assert(curDepth == dir.size());
dir.push(curDir);
curLength += curDir.size();
if(curDir.find(".") != string::npos){
assert(dir.size() >= 1);
res = max(res, curLength + (int)dir.size() - 1);
}
start = i+1;
i = start + 1;
}
else
i ++;
}
return res;
}
};
int main() {
cout << Solution().lengthLongestPath(
"dir\n\tsubdir1\n\tsubdir2\n\t\tfile.ext") << endl;
cout << Solution().lengthLongestPath(
"dir\n\tsubdir1\n\t\tfile1.ext\n\t\tsubsubdir1\n\tsubdir2\n\t\tsubsubdir2\n\t\t\tfile2.ext") << endl;
cout << Solution().lengthLongestPath(
"a\n\tb1\n\t\tf1.txt\n\taaaaa\n\t\tf2.txt") << endl;
return 0;
}
``` |
Velaikkaran () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by Mohan Raja. Produced by R. D. Raja under his banner 24AM Studios. The film stars Sivakarthikeyan, Fahadh Faasil, Nayanthara, Sneha and Prakash Raj in lead roles. Mahesh Manjrekar, Sathish, Thambi Ramaiah, RJ Balaji, Vijay Vasanth, Robo Shankar and Rohini play supporting roles. The film's music is composed by Anirudh Ravichander, with cinematography by Ramji. The film is based on a sales executive named Arivazhagan (Sivakarthikeyan) who fights against food adulteration committed by high-class companies.
The film was released on 22 December 2017 to positive reviews with praise for Fahadh Fassil's performance, story, social message, screenplay, cinematography, Anirudh's soundtrack and background score.
Plot
Arivazhagan aka Arivu hails from Kolaikkara Kuppam a.k.a. Cooliekkara Kuppam, a slum area in Chennai. He is one such responsible youth who focuses on working for the betterment of his fellow beings, and he works hard for the same. Arivu starts Kuppam FM 90.8, a local radio channel with the help of the area gangster, Kasi. In reality, Arivu tries to free the people of the area from the atrocities of Kasi, who is deliberately preventing them from becoming independent, so that he may continue to dominate the area.
Arivu succeeds in turning the people of the area against Kasi, thus destroying his support. Later, Arivu joins a leading FMCG company called Saffron and joins its sales department under Stella Bruce. He manages to bring his friend Bhagya out of Kasi's gang and gets him a job in Saffron. He meets Aadhi, Saffron's brand manager, who teaches him how to progress by doing smart work, and Arivu considers him as his inspiration.
On the night of 1 April, Kasi and his gang attack and stab Bhagya in Saffron's warehouse, whereupon he dies in Arivu's hands. Arivu, filled with rage, tries to attack Kasi, but Kasi's rival Doss attacks and stabs Kasi in retaliation for their previous encounter. Arivu admonishes Kasi for being a paid henchman. Kasi reveals to Arivu that he killed Bhagya on a contract given by Jayaram, the President of Saffron. The motive was that Bhagya tried to help Kasthuri, who filed a case claiming Saffron's products to be adulterated, due to which she lost her son.
Arivu is addressed by Kasi as being a worse hitman than he himself is. Arivu then saves Kasi, who tells Arivu that all products manufactured by Saffron are adulterated. Arivu takes up a mission to fight such malpractices not only in Saffron, but in all the other five major food companies, including the one owned by Madhav Kurup. Arivu shares all of his plans with Aadhi. Meanwhile, is revealed that Aadhi is actually Adhiban Madhav, Madhav's son. He joined Saffron to know their trade secrets and merge the company with his father's company.
Arivu manages to convince his company's staff to manufacture products as per government regulations for two days. At the same time, he convinces the staff of the other companies to wear a kerchief on their dresses for the next two days, thus tricking the owners into believing that their workers have turned against them. However, Aadhi manages to foil Arivu's plan and coerces the other owners to write over the major shares of their company to Madhav, thus making him the deciding authority of all their companies.
Aadhi manages to turn the employees against Arivu by tricking them into believing that Arivu worked as a spy for Madhav. Stella Bruce then slaps and humiliates Arivu, while Aadhi pretends to defend Arivu, claiming that he is innocent and that it is the new president who conspired all these. After this, Arivu reveals to Aadhi that Stella Bruce was his ally, and he now knows that Aadhi is the true traitor. Aadhi then burns down the godown containing the unadulterated products and reveals to Arivu that he is Madhav's son and will be the next CEO of the company.
Aadhi also convinces the staff through his clever tactics and makes them propose his name as the new CEO, also revealing to Arivu that he will make them manufacture adulterated products without their knowledge, now that he commands their loyalty, support, and trust. Arivu goes to the Radio Mirchi radio station on the night before 1 May. He reveals that after the fire, one of the injured department heads of Saffron, Karpaga Vinayagam, called him into the ambulance and told him that he followed the regulations on the third day too.
Arivu learned from the other Saffron team workers - Kennedy, Vinoth, Ansari, and Sivaranjani - that after manufacturing quality products for two days, they could not bring themselves to manufacture adulterated products on the next day. They confirm they all followed government regulations, thus manufacturing quality products on the next day. Aadhi, now the CEO, hears the workers say that they will rebel against him and depose him if he tries to revert to manufacturing adulterated products.
Arivu adds that the loyalty of all the employees in every field should not be wasted by showing it towards unethical employers. Aadhi then vents his frustration about the failure of his plan. All the people in the city show their support to Arivu, who celebrates his success with his love interest Mrinalini, friends, family, the people of his slum, and the people of the city as the film ends.
Cast
Sivakarthikeyan as Arivazhagan (Arivu)
Fahadh Faasil as Adhiban Madhav (Aadhi)
Nayanthara as Mirnalini "Miru", Arivu's love interest
Sneha as Kasthuri
Prakash Raj as Kasi
Thambi Ramaiah as Stella Bruce
RJ Balaji as Sriram
Sathish as Hari
Vijay Vasanth as Bhagya
Robo Shankar as Chinna Thambi
Rohini as Ponni - Arivu's mother
Charle as Murugesan- Arivu's father
Ramdoss as Karpaga Vinayagam
Aruldoss as Ansari
Kaali Venkat as Vinoth
Mansoor Ali Khan as Kennedy
Vinodhini Vaidyanathan as Sivaranjani
Mime Gopi as Kishta
Y. G. Mahendra as Narayanan
Madhusudhan Rao as Madhusudhan
Mahesh Manjrekar as Madhav Kurup
Sharath Lohitashwa as Doss
Anish Kuruvilla as Jayaram (voice over by Amit Bhargav)
Nagineedu as Loknath
Vivek Prasanna as Babu
Uday Mahesh as Naga Sudarshan
Balaji Venugopal as Saffron Assistant Senior Manager
Saravana Subbiah as TV Host
Maya S. Krishnan as Actress
Vazhakku Enn Muthuraman as Food Inspector
Shyam Prasad as one of the Board of Directors of Saffron Company
Vijayraj as Saffron Staff
Mithun Raj as Saffron Interview Candidate
Rajie Vijay Sarathy as Sriram's mother
Abdool as TV Stabilizer Salesman
Yuva Lakshmi as Vani
RJ Sha as himself (cameo appearance)
Production
Development
In December 2015, an official press announcement from producer R. D. Raja revealed that director Mohan Raja and Sivakarthikeyan would collaborate for his second production venture. A launch event for the film was held on 11 March 2016, with the team announcing their intentions of starting the shoot in late 2016.
Cast and crew
Nayanthara signed the film in April 2016, in collaboration with Sivakarthikeyan, while Malayalam actor Fahadh Faasil was also brought in to appear in a pivotal role in the film, marking his debut in Tamil cinema. Prior to the start of shoot, several actors were finalised for supporting roles including Sneha, Prakash Raj, Rohini and Thambi Ramaiah. RJ Balaji, Sathish also joined the cast. Anirudh Ravichander, Vivek Harshan and T. Muthuraj joined the team as the music composer, editor and art director respectively. Likewise Anal Arasu was selected as the stunt choreographer, while Vishnu Govind and Sree Sankar were put in charge of sound editing and mixing. In a turn of events, editor Ruben replaces Vivek Harshan, which is evident on the latest film poster released for Deepavali season.
Filming and post-production
Production started with the film as yet untitled in November 2016, in T Nagar, Chennai. The shoot continued throughout January at Prasad Studios in Chennai where art director Muthuraj had erected a large set resembling Chennai's slums. In February 2017, Behindwoods reported that the film tentatively being given the title of Velaikkaran. This was after the team bought the title rights from Vijay Vasanth who had registered it for a future film. Behindwoods also reported that Fahadh Faasil would dub himself in Tamil in this movie, a first for him.
Music
The soundtrack album and background score of this film were composed by Anirudh Ravichander. The album consists of five songs with Madhan Karky and Vivek penning one song, and the rest of the songs were penned by Viveka.
The album was released by Sony Music India. The first single track "Karuthavanlaam Galeejaam" sung by Anirudh and written by Viveka was released on 28 August 2017, which picturises the life of the slum people, and also notes, that the lyrics intent to celebrate the working class and their contribution towards the development of the city. The song is filmed, in a huge set erected at Prasad Labs, Chennai for a slum like concept. The second single was released on 2 November 2017. The combined single track "Iraiva + Uyire" sung by Anirudh and Jonita Gandhi consists of two songs "Iraiva" and "Uyire" which deals about love and life respectively. The song genres in these two of these, were alternatively different. While "Iraiva" is a solo number which consists of a slow melody with rock beats in between, "Uyire" is a slow enhancing duet, with beats involved in it. Sivakarthikeyan and Nayanthara went to Georgia in September 2016, to shoot this duet in the picturesque locations of the country.
The tracklist was released on 2 December 2017, through the official Twitter account of the production house. The audio launch event for the film was held on 3 December 2017 at ITC Grand Chola Hotel in Chennai where Sivakarthikeyan, Mohan Raja and Anirudh Ravichander along with other cast and crew, were present at the venue, while Nayanthara and Fahadh Faasil did not attend the audio launch. The event was streamed live on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. The songs were released simultaneously in other digital streaming platforms. Later, the audio launch was telecasted on Star Vijay on 10 December 2017.
The album received positive reviews from critics. Behindwoods rated the album 3 out of 5 stars, with a quote "Variety is the name of the game, and Anirudh is one of its best players!" Hindustan Times gave positive reviews stating "Anirudh Ravichander delivers a box full of surprises". Studioflicks rated 3.5 out of 5 and gave a verdict "Sivakarthikeyan-Anirudh duo strikes gold again" stating that "Velaikkaran strikes spectacularly with three instant hits that includes Idhayane, Karuthavanlaam Galeejaam, and Iraiva. The other tracks sounding like signature songs will definitely gain its impact with the visuals."
Release
Theatrical
On the first day of the film's shoot, the producer R. D. Raja revealed that the film would have a theatrical release on 25 August 2017. In April 2017, the production house has announced that the release date is postponed to 29 September 2017. Due to delays in post production, the film's release date was shifted to the Christmas season, 22 December 2017.
Marketing
The first look poster was initially slated to release on 1 May 2017, coinciding with the Labour Day. But it was released on 5 June 2017, which features Sivakarthikeyan as a marketing executive, with a bag in one hand and a knife in another hand. The second look poster of the film was released on 8 August 2017, on actor Fahadh Faasil's birthday, which features Sivakarthikeyan and Fahadh Faasil. Following this, the teaser of the film was released on 14 August 2017. A motion poster, describing the film's cast was released on 6 December 2017.
Home media
The film is dubbed in Hindi as Ghayal Khiladi and released on YouTube on 6 January 2019 by Goldmines Telefilms.
Reception
Box office
The film collected in Tamil Nadu and close to in overseas. The film collected over at the worldwide box office and was declared a box office success.
Critical response
Baradwaj Rangan wrote for Film Companion, "The addressing of class in Tamil films is nothing new – and we know slum-resident Arivu (Sivakarthikeyan) is going to run a scratch across these rich men’s lives – but the dignity in this film is. It wants to be a crowd-pleaser, but with class."
References
External links
2017 films
2017 action thriller films
Films shot in Chennai
Indian action thriller films
Films scored by Anirudh Ravichander
Films directed by Mohan Raja
Films shot in Malaysia
Films about social issues in India
2010s Tamil-language films |
The 1979 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on Thursday, 7 June 1979, on the same day as the first direct elections to the European Parliament.
Results
Total seats
Counties and cities
Notes
Boroughs
References
Sources
Citations
See also
Local government in the Republic of Ireland
:Category:Irish local government councils
1979 elections in the Republic of Ireland
Local elections
1979
June 1979 events in Europe |
Salianeh (, also Romanized as Sālīāneh and Sāleyāneh) is a village in Khaveh-ye Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 10 families.
References
Populated places in Delfan County |
The men's 100 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 1975 Pan American Games took place on 24 October. The last Pan American Games champion was Frank Heckl of US.
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in freestyle.
Results
All times are in minutes and seconds.
Heats
Final
The final was held on October 24.
References
Swimming at the 1975 Pan American Games |
The white-headed worm lizard (Amphisbaena leucocephala) is a worm lizard species in the family Amphisbaenidae. It is found in Brazil and Uruguay.
References
Amphisbaena (lizard)
Reptiles described in 1878
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters |
```go
// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
// Source: github.com/m3db/m3/src/metrics/encoding/protobuf (interfaces: UnaggregatedEncoder)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
// Package protobuf is a generated GoMock package.
package protobuf
import (
"reflect"
"github.com/m3db/m3/src/metrics/encoding"
"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
)
// MockUnaggregatedEncoder is a mock of UnaggregatedEncoder interface.
type MockUnaggregatedEncoder struct {
ctrl *gomock.Controller
recorder *MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder
}
// MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockUnaggregatedEncoder.
type MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder struct {
mock *MockUnaggregatedEncoder
}
// NewMockUnaggregatedEncoder creates a new mock instance.
func NewMockUnaggregatedEncoder(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockUnaggregatedEncoder {
mock := &MockUnaggregatedEncoder{ctrl: ctrl}
mock.recorder = &MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder{mock}
return mock
}
// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
func (m *MockUnaggregatedEncoder) EXPECT() *MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder {
return m.recorder
}
// EncodeMessage mocks base method.
func (m *MockUnaggregatedEncoder) EncodeMessage(arg0 encoding.UnaggregatedMessageUnion) error {
m.ctrl.T.Helper()
ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "EncodeMessage", arg0)
ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
return ret0
}
// EncodeMessage indicates an expected call of EncodeMessage.
func (mr *MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder) EncodeMessage(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "EncodeMessage", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUnaggregatedEncoder)(nil).EncodeMessage), arg0)
}
// Len mocks base method.
func (m *MockUnaggregatedEncoder) Len() int {
m.ctrl.T.Helper()
ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Len")
ret0, _ := ret[0].(int)
return ret0
}
// Len indicates an expected call of Len.
func (mr *MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder) Len() *gomock.Call {
mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Len", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUnaggregatedEncoder)(nil).Len))
}
// Relinquish mocks base method.
func (m *MockUnaggregatedEncoder) Relinquish() Buffer {
m.ctrl.T.Helper()
ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Relinquish")
ret0, _ := ret[0].(Buffer)
return ret0
}
// Relinquish indicates an expected call of Relinquish.
func (mr *MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder) Relinquish() *gomock.Call {
mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Relinquish", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUnaggregatedEncoder)(nil).Relinquish))
}
// Reset mocks base method.
func (m *MockUnaggregatedEncoder) Reset(arg0 []byte) {
m.ctrl.T.Helper()
m.ctrl.Call(m, "Reset", arg0)
}
// Reset indicates an expected call of Reset.
func (mr *MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder) Reset(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Reset", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUnaggregatedEncoder)(nil).Reset), arg0)
}
// Truncate mocks base method.
func (m *MockUnaggregatedEncoder) Truncate(arg0 int) error {
m.ctrl.T.Helper()
ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Truncate", arg0)
ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
return ret0
}
// Truncate indicates an expected call of Truncate.
func (mr *MockUnaggregatedEncoderMockRecorder) Truncate(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Truncate", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUnaggregatedEncoder)(nil).Truncate), arg0)
}
``` |
Wu Sing-yung (; born 1939) is a Chinese-American medical professor and historian.
Early life
He was born in Sichuan. Wu earned a bachelor's degree(1963) from Taiwan University, a Ph.D.(1969) from University of Washington and a M.D.(1972) from Johns Hopkins University. He completed his post-graduate medical education at the Universities of Chicago, Washington (Seattle) and California Los Angeles.
Career
He settled at the University of California, Irvine, and was promoted to full professor in Radiological Sciences and Medicine in 1990.
His research and clinical interest were in thyroid hormone metabolism and the management of thyroid diseases. He authored, edited and contributed to medical books and over a hundred peer-reviewed medical papers. He has had a long-term interest in the research on the development of a novel fetal thyroid function marker (W-compound) that may help to better management of congenital hypothyroidism. His Thyroid Laboratory at Long Beach VA Medical Center, in collaboration with professors Delbert A. Fisher at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Theo Visser at Erasmus Medical Center of Netherlands, has found that sulfo-conjugation is the major pathway for thyroid hormone metabolism in the mammalian fetus.
In addition to medical studies, Wu has an interest in modern Chinese history. He was the author and editor of five books in Chinese and one book in English (Father's Gold Secret, 2021) about the facts involving the “secret gold shipments” from Shanghai to Taiwan in 1948-49 near the end of the Chinese Civil War. These events were of critical importance on the Republic of China retreat to Taiwan. According to his studies, about 4 million oz. gold and some one hundred million pieces of silver dollars were transferred from Shanghai's state treasury in multiple shipments by air and sea to Taiwan and Xiamen from December 1, 1948, to May 18, 1949. The major portion of the gold (80% or 6.28 million oz.) had originally been sent from the United States during and after WWII as part of US aid to China to fight inflation. Nearly all the silver dollars and one million oz of gold in Xiamen were used to support the Nationalist army in contending against the rapid advancement People's Liberation Army (PLA) from April to December 1949 when inflation had flooded the area under the Nationalist control and rendered the paper money worthless.
The rest of the gold, nearly 3 million oz., played a pivotal role in stabilizing the economy of the Nationalist regime (Republic of China) in Taiwan from 1949 to 1950 until the outbreak of the Korean War on June 25, 1950. Without the gold from the Chinese Mainland, Taiwan would certainly have been destabilized by a precipitate currency devaluation, which would have invited a PLA invasion across the Taiwan Strait, leading to its unification with the People's Republic of China in 1950 -51.
Wu married Dr. Yvonne Yan-chiu Yu in 1982. Yu graduated from Guangzhou Medical University in 1978 and received a DNP degree from Brandman University (Irvine) in 2013. She currently serves as an adjunct assistant professor at UCLA. They have two daughters, Elizabeth and Elaine.
Selected works
References
1939 births
Living people
Chinese medical writers
American medical researchers
Chinese medical researchers
20th-century Chinese historians
20th-century American historians
Johns Hopkins University alumni
National Taiwan University alumni
University of Washington alumni
University of California faculty
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni
University of Washington School of Medicine alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Pritzker School of Medicine alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of California, Irvine faculty |
```php
<?php
/*
* This file is part of the Symfony package.
*
* (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
* file that was distributed with this source code.
*/
namespace Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Compiler\CompilerPassInterface;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Compiler\ServiceLocatorTagPass;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Reference;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Fragment\FragmentRendererInterface;
/**
* Adds services tagged kernel.fragment_renderer as HTTP content rendering strategies.
*
* @author Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
*/
class FragmentRendererPass implements CompilerPassInterface
{
private $handlerService;
private $rendererTag;
public function __construct(string $handlerService = 'fragment.handler', string $rendererTag = 'kernel.fragment_renderer')
{
if (0 < \func_num_args()) {
trigger_deprecation('symfony/http-kernel', '5.3', 'Configuring "%s" is deprecated.', __CLASS__);
}
$this->handlerService = $handlerService;
$this->rendererTag = $rendererTag;
}
public function process(ContainerBuilder $container)
{
if (!$container->hasDefinition($this->handlerService)) {
return;
}
$definition = $container->getDefinition($this->handlerService);
$renderers = [];
foreach ($container->findTaggedServiceIds($this->rendererTag, true) as $id => $tags) {
$def = $container->getDefinition($id);
$class = $container->getParameterBag()->resolveValue($def->getClass());
if (!$r = $container->getReflectionClass($class)) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Class "%s" used for service "%s" cannot be found.', $class, $id));
}
if (!$r->isSubclassOf(FragmentRendererInterface::class)) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Service "%s" must implement interface "%s".', $id, FragmentRendererInterface::class));
}
foreach ($tags as $tag) {
$renderers[$tag['alias']] = new Reference($id);
}
}
$definition->replaceArgument(0, ServiceLocatorTagPass::register($container, $renderers));
}
}
``` |
Langdon Park may refer to:
Langdon, Washington, D.C., an area of Washington, D.C. in the United States
Langdon Park DLR station, a Docklands Light Railway station in Poplar, London, United Kingdom
Langdon Park School, Poplar, London, or the name of the adjacent local park |
Former Ghosts is a project of Freddy Ruppert, former member of This Song Is a Mess But So Am I, with loose collaborations from multiple people including Xiu Xiu frontman Jamie Stewart, Zola Jesus originator Nika Roza Danilova, Yasmine Kittles of Tearist, Annie Lewandowski of Powerdove, and Carla Bozulich. Past live incarnations have included Jherek Bischoff and Sam Mickens. Ruppert is the lead songwriter on this project. The title of the debut, Fleurs, is a reference to the white-flowered iris (Iris germanica).
Formation
From an interview, Ruppert explained the formation of the band:
Critical reception
Pitchfork said the debut single, "Hold On", "sounds like what might've happened to Joy Division if Ian Curtis had bought a Casio and a four-track and fired the rest of the band."
AllMusic gave Fleurs 3.5/5 stars and said that "Former Ghosts evoke isolation with a fearlessness that few of their peers can match."
The blog Fingers Become Thumbs listed Fleurs as their album of the year (2009), stating: "In all seriousness, this is a dark and intense record in which Ruppert really puts himself out there, so much so that even listening to it can be emotionally draining. In saying that, by the standards of its members its by no means a ‘difficult’ listen, and in fact was intended to be the synth-pop side-project of Freddy and Jamie."
Prefixmag.com found Fleurs to be "intermittently brilliant", but felt it could "benefit greatly from more collaboration and judicious editing of the track list".
Discography
Fleurs (2009)
New Love (2010)
Split 7" w/ Funeral Advantage (2015)
Music videos
Hold On (dir. Amir Shoucri) watch
Flowers (dir. Paul Rodriguez) watch
Taurean Nature (dir. Amir Shoucri) watch
References
External links
Official Site
Freddy Ruppert's blog
Official Myspace
Last.fm page
Interview with L.A. Record
Fleurs review at prefixmag.com
Sputnik Music Review
American noise rock music groups |
```objective-c
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
#import <WeexSDK/WXComponent.h>
#import <WeexSDK/WXSDKInstance.h>
#import <WeexSDK/WXUtility.h>
#define FlexUndefined NAN
#ifdef __cplusplus
#include "layout.h"
typedef WeexCore::WXCoreFlexDirection WXCoreFlexDirection;
typedef WeexCore::WXCoreFlexWrap WXCoreFlexWrap;
typedef WeexCore::WXCoreJustifyContent WXCoreJustifyContent;
typedef WeexCore::WXCoreAlignItems WXCoreAlignItems;
typedef WeexCore::WXCoreAlignSelf WXCoreAlignSelf;
typedef WeexCore::WXCorePositionType WXCorePositionType;
typedef WeexCore::WXCoreDirection WXCoreDirection;
extern "C" {
#endif
bool flexIsUndefined(float value);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#ifndef __cplusplus
// Ensure that .m files can use css style enum definitions.
#include "flex_enum.h"
typedef enum WXCoreFlexDirection WXCoreFlexDirection;
typedef enum WXCoreFlexWrap WXCoreFlexWrap;
typedef enum WXCoreJustifyContent WXCoreJustifyContent;
typedef enum WXCoreAlignItems WXCoreAlignItems;
typedef enum WXCoreAlignSelf WXCoreAlignSelf;
typedef enum WXCorePositionType WXCorePositionType;
typedef enum WXCoreDirection WXCoreDirection;
#endif
@interface WXComponent ()
{
@package
#ifdef __cplusplus
WeexCore::WXCoreLayoutNode *_flexCssNode;
#endif // __cplusplus
CGRect _calculatedFrame;
CGPoint _absolutePosition;
WXPositionType _positionType;
BOOL _isLastLayoutDirectionRTL;
BOOL _isLayoutDirectionRTL;
}
/**
* @abstract Return the css node used to layout.
*
* @warning Subclasses must not override this.
*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
@property (nonatomic, readonly, assign) WeexCore::WXCoreLayoutNode *flexCssNode;
#endif
/**
* @abstract Get css style value for key. The key should be of CSS standard form.
* This method is for convenience use in C/ObjC environment. And if you want to
* retrieve all style values or in C++, you could use flexCssNode directly.
*
* Thread usage:
* This method should be invoked in component thread by WXPerformBlockOnComponentThread.
* Note that all initWithRef methods of WXComponent and its subclasses are performed in
* component thread by default. Therefore you can call this method directly in initWithRef.
*
* Supported keys:
* width, height, min-width, min-height, max-width, max-height,
* margin-(left/right/top/bottom)
* padding-(left/right/top/bottom)
* border-(left/right/top/bottom)-width
* left, right, top, bottom
* flex-grow
*/
- (float)getCssStyleValueForKey:(NSString *)key;
/**
* @abstract Get css style flex-direction. Thread usage the same as getCssStyleValueForKey.
*/
- (WXCoreFlexDirection)getCssStyleFlexDirection;
/**
* @abstract Get css style flex-wrap. Thread usage the same as getCssStyleValueForKey.
*/
- (WXCoreFlexWrap)getCssStyleFlexWrap;
/**
* @abstract Get css style justify-content. Thread usage the same as getCssStyleValueForKey.
*/
- (WXCoreJustifyContent)getCssStyleJustifyContent;
/**
* @abstract Get css style align-items. Thread usage the same as getCssStyleValueForKey.
*/
- (WXCoreAlignItems)getCssStyleAlignItems;
/**
* @abstract Get css style align-self. Thread usage the same as getCssStyleValueForKey.
*/
- (WXCoreAlignSelf)getCssStyleAlignSelf;
/**
* @abstract Get css style position. Thread usage the same as getCssStyleValueForKey.
*/
- (WXCorePositionType)getCssStylePositionType;
/**
* @abstract Get css layout direction. Thread usage the same as getCssStyleValueForKey.
*/
- (WXCoreDirection)getCssDirection;
/**
* @abstract Convert layout dimension value like 'left', 'width' to style value in js considering viewport and scale.
*/
- (NSString*)convertLayoutValueToStyleValue:(NSString*)valueName;
/**
* @abstract Get style width of a container(scroller like) with safe value. No NAN, No zero.
*/
- (CGFloat)safeContainerStyleWidth;
/**
* @abstract Delete css node of a subcomponent.
*/
- (void)removeSubcomponentCssNode:(WXComponent *)subcomponent;
#pragma mark - RTL
@property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) BOOL isDirectionRTL;
// Now we scrollView RTL solution is tranform
// so scrollView need tranform subviews when RTL by default
// if your component view is not scrollView but also implement RTL layout by tranformyou need return YES
- (BOOL)shouldTransformSubviewsWhenRTL;
- (void)layoutDirectionDidChanged:(BOOL)isRTL;
@end
``` |
The early Norwegian black metal scene of the 1990s is credited with creating the modern black metal genre and produced some of the most acclaimed and influential artists in extreme metal. It attracted massive media attention when it was revealed that its members had been responsible for two murders, a suicide, and a wave of church burnings in Norway.
The scene had an ethos and the core members referred to themselves as "The Black Circle" or "Black Metal Inner Circle". It consisted primarily of young men, many of whom gathered at the record shop Helvete ("Hell") in Oslo. In interviews, they voiced extreme anti-Christian and misanthropic views, presenting themselves as a cult-like group of militant Satanists who wanted to spread terror, hatred and evil. They adopted pseudonyms and appeared in photographs wearing "corpse paint" and wielding medieval weaponry. The scene was exclusive and created boundaries around itself, incorporating only those it deemed to be "trve" or committed. Musical integrity was highly important and artists wanted black metal to remain underground and uncorrupted.
In August 1993, several of its members were arrested and in May 1994 were convicted variously for arson, murder, assault and possession of explosives. Most showed no remorse for their actions at the time. The Norwegian media covered events closely, but the reporting was often sensationalist. Some referred to them as "Satanic terrorists" and one Norwegian TV channel interviewed a woman who claimed Satanists had sacrificed her child and killed her dog. The early Norwegian black metal scene has since been the subject of books and documentaries.
Musical innovations
During the 1980s, black metal was a loose grouping of a handful of heavy metal bands who shared Satanic lyrics, although most of the "first wave" bands referred to Satanism only for shock value. During 1990–1992, a number of Norwegian artists, who were strongly influenced by those bands, began performing and releasing a new kind of black metal music. The surge of interest and popularity that followed is often referred to as the "second wave of black metal". The Norwegian bands developed the style of their 1980s forebears as a distinct genre of heavy metal music. This was partly thanks to a new style of guitar playing developed by Snorre "Blackthorn" Ruch of Stigma Diabolicum/Thorns and Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth of Mayhem, in which guitarists played full chords using all the strings of the guitar in place of power chords, which use only two or three strings. Gylve "Fenriz" Nagell of Darkthrone has credited them with this innovation in a number of interviews. He described it as being "derived from Bathory" and noted that "those kinds of riffs became the new order for a lot of bands in the '90s". Black metal music also became much more satanic and the term 'TRVE KVLT Black Metal' has since become the term for satanic-leaning black metal.
Visually, the dark themes of their music were complemented with corpse paint, which became a way for black metal artists to distinguish themselves from other metal bands of the time, yet some bands such as Emperor and Satyricon ceased wearing corpse paint, often citing its loss of meaning or trendiness due to use by so many bands.
Dead's suicide
On 8 April 1991, Mayhem vocalist and lyricist Per Yngve Ohlin (known by the stage name "Dead") committed suicide with a shotgun blast while alone in a house shared by the band. Fellow musicians described Dead as odd, introverted and depressed. For performances, he made himself look like a corpse and would self-harm while performing.
Dead was found by Mayhem guitarist Euronymous with his wrists and throat slit and a gunshot wound to his forehead. Before calling the police, Euronymous got a camera and photographed the body after re-arranging some items. One of these photographs was later used as the cover of a bootleg live album: Dawn of the Black Hearts.
Euronymous used Dead's suicide to foster Mayhem's "evil" image and claimed Dead had killed himself because black metal had become "trendy" and commercialized. He made necklaces which he claimed as being made with bits of Dead's skull and gave them to musicians he deemed worthy. There was also a false rumor that he had made a stew with bits of Dead's brain.
Mayhem bassist Jørn 'Necrobutcher' Stubberud noted that "people became more aware of the black metal scene after Dead had shot himself [...]; I think it was Dead's suicide that really changed the scene." The suicide caused a rift between Euronymous and some of his friends, especially Necrobutcher, who were disgusted by his attitude towards Dead. Some claimed Euronymous "went into a fantasy world" and "tried to be as extreme as he had talked about".
Two other members of the scene would later commit suicide: Erik 'Grim' Brødreskift (of Immortal, Borknagar, Gorgoroth) in 1999 and Espen 'Storm' Andersen (of Strid) in 2001.
Helvete, ideology, and the "Black Circle"
Mayhem guitarist Euronymous was "the central figure involved in the formation of the Norwegian black metal scene", which he "almost single-handedly founded". During May–June 1991, he opened a record shop called Helvete (Norwegian for "Hell"). The shop was at Schweigaards gate 56 in Oslo. Norwegian black metal musicians often met at the shop and in its basement. They included the members of Mayhem, the members of Emperor, Varg "Count Grishnackh" Vikernes of Burzum, and Snorre "Blackthorn" Ruch of Thorns. Euronymous also founded an independent record label called Deathlike Silence Productions, which was based at Helvete. It released albums by Norwegian bands Mayhem and Burzum, Swedish bands Merciless and Abruptum, and a Japanese band Sigh. Euronymous, Varg, and Emperor guitarist Tomas "Samoth" Haugen lived in the shop at various times. Emperor drummer Bård "Faust" Eithun also lived and worked there. The shop's walls were painted black and bedecked with medieval weapons, posters of bands, and picture discs, while its window featured a polystyrene tombstone.
During the time it was open, Helvete was the focal point of the Norwegian black metal scene. Jon "Metalion" Kristiansen, writer of the fanzine Slayer, said that the opening of Helvete was "the creation of the whole Norwegian Black Metal scene". Daniel Ekeroth wrote in 2008,
Those who gathered at Helvete have been referred to as the "Black Circle" or "Black Metal Inner Circle", a name allegedly invented by Euronymous. Euronymous presented the "Black Circle" as an organized, cult-like group of militant Satanists whose activities were funded by his record shop, and a 1993 Kerrang! article referred to them as "Satanic terrorists". Faust later said that it was "just a name that was invented for the people who hung around the shop ... there wasn't anything like members and membership cards and official meetings." Likewise, in his review of Lucifer Rising, Varg Vikernes said, "The so-called 'Black Circle' was something Euronymous made up because he wanted to make people believe there was such a thing, but it was nonsense and never existed. The media on the other hand believed it existed for a while, but quickly stopped talking about it when they understood it was a fake rumor."
According to Stian "Occultus" Johansen, the space that Euronymous rented "was far too big and the rent was too high. That's the reason why it never did well." Only a small part of the building was used for the shop itself. Euronymous shut Helvete in early 1993 when it began to draw the attention of the police and media. The store has since been reopened under the name Neseblod Records, in the same location but with much less floor space. ('Neseblod' is Norwegian for 'nosebleed'.) Many of the original artifacts still remain, and the store also identifies as a "black metal museum".
The Norwegian black metal scene was bitterly opposed to Christianity and organized religion as a whole. In interviews during the early 1990s, Euronymous and other members of the scene presented themselves as militant misanthropic Devil worshippers who wanted to spread hatred, sorrow and evil. They attacked the Church of Satan for being too "humane". The theistic Satanism they espoused was an inversion of Christianity. Euronymous was the key figure behind this ideology. He professed to be in favor of totalitarianism and against compassion, peace, happiness and fun. When asked why such statements were made to the press, Ihsahn of Emperor said, "I think that was very much to create fear among people." He added that the scene "wanted to be in opposition to society" and "tried to concentrate more on just being 'evil' than having a real Satanic philosophy". Vikernes said that the reason they claimed to advocate "evil" was to provoke.
According to the book Lords of Chaos, many who knew Euronymous say that "the extreme Satanic image he projected was, in fact, just that – a projection which bore little resemblance to his real personality." They include Necrobutcher, Kjetil Manheim, Vikernes, and Blackthorn (the latter two were convicted for his murder). Faust said that with Euronymous, "there was a lot of smoke but not so much fire." Mortiis, however, said that Euronymous "was such a devil worshipper you wouldn't believe it", and Metalion (who knew Euronymous since 1985 and considered him to be his best friend) said Euronymous "was always telling what he thought ... worshipping death and being extreme." As for the other scene members, Samuel Fridh says there is no evidence to support their early claims of being Devil worshippers, and Leif A. Lier, who led the police investigation after Euronymous's death, said he and his men had not met one Satanist. Faust said that "For some people it [Satanism] was bloody serious, but to a lot of them it was all a big hype."
In retrospect, Metalion wrote, "In the past, people just wrote about Satan, but now people meant it. I believe it was serious—maybe not all the Satanism, but definitely the approach to the music and the lifestyle. It was certainly more destructive than metal had been in the past." Tenebris from the Misanthropic Luciferian Order (a Swedish Satanic order) wrote that the Norwegian scene "meant a lot as long as it lasted. Back then, in 1991, things mainly concerned black metal and ideological Satanism (not so much practical Satanism, but anyway ...) ... It grew quickly to become a sort of black metal army ... and kind of stood and fell with Euronymous and his shop. Therefore, it vanished with his death in '93 ... Sadly enough, many people involved at the time betrayed their ideals and lost their interest when things fell apart. Like it was nothing more than a hype of temporary nature."
Regarding the term "black metal", Euronymous said that it applies to any heavy metal band who are theistic Satanists and write Satanic lyrics. Such ideas were repeated by other scene members, such as Faust. At the time, bands with a style similar to Norwegian black metal, but without Satanic lyrics, tended to use other terms for their music.
Some bands in the scene were interested in pre-Christian Norway and its traditions, and there was an undercurrent of romantic nationalism in the scene. Some scene members also flirted with Nazi imagery, but this was largely an attempt to provoke. In a private letter written in the early 1990s, Euronymous claimed that "almost all" Norwegian black metal bands at the time were "more or less Nazis". He was interested in totalitarian communist states and said he wished to see people "rot under communist dictatorship". However, apart from Varg Vikernes, the scene was largely non-political.
Church arsons and attempts
In 1992, members of the Norwegian black metal scene began a wave of arson attacks on Christian churches. By 1996, there had been at least 50 attacks in Norway; in every case that was solved, those responsible were black metal fans. Some of the buildings were hundreds of years old and seen as important historical landmarks. The first was Norway's Fantoft Stave Church, which was burnt to the ground in June 1992. Police believe Varg Vikernes of Burzum was responsible, and the cover of Burzum's EP Aske ("ashes") is a photograph of the destroyed church. On 16 May 1994, Vikernes was found guilty for burning down the Holmenkollen Chapel, Skjold Church, and Åsane Church. In addition, he was found guilty for an attempted arson of a fourth church, and for the theft and storage of 150 kg of explosives. Members of the Swedish black metal scene started to burn churches as well in 1993.
To coincide with the release of Mayhem's De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas, Vikernes and Euronymous had allegedly plotted to bomb the Nidaros Cathedral, which appears on the album cover. The musicians Faust, Samoth, (both of Emperor), and Jørn Inge Tunsberg (of Hades Almighty) were also convicted for church arsons. Those convicted for church burnings showed no remorse and described their actions as a symbolic "retaliation" against Christianity in Norway. Mayhem drummer Hellhammer said he had called for attacks on mosques and Hindu temples, on the basis that they were more foreign. Today, opinions on the church burnings differ within the black metal community. Many musicians, singers, and songwriters in the early Norwegian black metal scene, such as Infernus and Gaahl of Gorgoroth, continue to praise the church burnings, with the latter saying "there should have been more of them, and there will be more of them." Others, such as Necrobutcher and Kjetil Manheim of Mayhem and Abbath of Immortal, see the church burnings as having been futile. Manheim claimed that many arsons were "just people trying to gain acceptance" within the black metal scene. Watain vocalist Erik Danielsson respected the attacks, but said of those responsible: "the only Christianity they defeated was the last piece of Christianity within themselves. Which is a very good beginning, of course."
The following is a partial list of the church arsons:
1992
23 May: attempted burning of Storetveit Church in Bergen.
6 June: burning of Fantoft stave church in Bergen – Varg Vikernes is strongly suspected as the culprit, but was not convicted.
1 August: burning of Revheim Church in Stavanger.
21 August: burning of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo – Varg Vikernes and Faust were convicted for this; Euronymous also participated, but was murdered in August 1993.
1 September: burning of Ormøya Church in Oslo.
13 September: burning of Skjold Church in Vindafjord – Varg Vikernes and Samoth were convicted for this.
3 October: burning of Hauketo Church in Oslo.
24 December: burning of Åsane Church in Bergen – Varg Vikernes and Jørn Inge Tunsberg were convicted for this.
25 December: burning of a Methodist church in Sarpsborg – a firefighter was killed while fighting this fire.
1993
7 February: burning of Lundby New Church in Gothenburg, Sweden.
1994
13 March: burning of a church in Sund.
27 March: burning of Seegård Church in Snertingdal.
16 May: attempted burning of Gol stave church in Buskerud.
17 May: attempted burning of Åmodt Chapel in Buskerud.
4 June: burning of Frogn Church in Drøbak.
19 June: attempted burning of Heni Church in Gjerdrum.
7 July: burning of a church in Jeløy.
21 July: attempted burning of Odda's Church.
13 August: attempted burning of Loop Chapel in Meldal.
10 December: attempted burning of Åkra Church.
22 December: attempted burning of Askim Church.
26 December: attempted burning of Klemestrud Church.
1995
13 May: burning of Lord Church in Telemark.
25 May: burning of Såner Church in Vestby.
14 June: burning of Moe Church in Sandefjord.
21 July: attempted burning of a church college in Eidanger.
3 September: attempted burning of Vågsbygd church college in Kristiansand.
3 November: burning of Innset Church in Rennebu.
Murder of Magne Andreassen
On 21 August 1992, Bård "Faust" Eithun killed Magne Andreassen, a gay man, in Lillehammer. According to Faust, while walking home at night, a man sexually proposed to him and Faust agreed to walk with him to the Olympic park. Once in the woods, Faust stabbed Andreassen 37 times, and then kicked him in the head repeatedly as he lay on the ground.
Faust claimed he felt no remorse at the time. In the late 1990s, he said of the murder, "I was outside, just waiting to get out some aggression. It's not easy to describe why it happened. It was meant to happen, and if it was this man or another man, that's not really important." Ihsahn, his bandmate in Emperor, said Faust "had been very fascinated by serial killers for a long time, and I guess he wanted to know what it's like to kill a person." The media linked the murder to black metal, Satanism and fascism. In a 2008 interview, Faust said, "I was never a Satanist or fascist in any way, but I put behind me the hatred and negativity. Those feelings just eat you up from inside."
Police initially had no suspects, and Faust remained free for about a year. However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003.
Bergens Tidende article
In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, "Count Grishnackh" (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjørn Tønder set up a meeting with "Count Grishnackh". The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said, "Our intention is to spread fear and evil."
They told the journalists details about the arsons that had not been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined ("We set the churches on fire") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tønder betrayed him.
According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by him and Euronymous with the goal of spreading fear, promoting black metal and getting more customers for Helvete. Vikernes said of the interview, "I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we ... had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg." He added that the interview revealed nothing that could prove his involvement in any crime. Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, "the journalist edited the interview and ... published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it." Some of the other scene members were also arrested and questioned, but all were released for lack of evidence.
Euronymous decided to shut Helvete as it began to draw the attention of the police and media. Vikernes condemned Euronymous for shutting the shop rather than taking advantage of the publicity, stating, "by doing so he also made all my efforts more or less pointless. I spent six weeks in custody because of that." Norwegian magazine Rock Furore published an interview with Vikernes in February 1993. In it, he said of the prison system, "It's much too nice here. It's not hell at all. In this country prisoners get a bed, toilet and shower. It's completely ridiculous. I asked the police to throw me in a real dungeon, and also encouraged them to use violence." He was released in March for lack of evidence.
Shortly after this episode, the Oslo police dispatched its Church Fire Group to Bergen, where they set up a makeshift headquarters in the Hotel Norge. According to Lords of Chaos, citing a police report, Vikernes knocked on their door and "virtually forced his way into the suite". He was "dressed in chain mail, carrying two large knives in his belt, and flanked by the two young men who apparently behaved as if they were his bodyguards or henchmen." Vikernes "stated that he was fed up with being harassed by the authorities, and that the police investigation into the Black Metal scene should be stopped." When police told him he had no right to issue orders, Vikernes "took one step back and raised his right arm in a Roman salute."
Murder of Euronymous
In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment in Oslo. When they arrived there was a confrontation and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death. His body was found outside the apartment with 23 cut wounds – two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back.
It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at "outdoing" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies this and claims he killed Euronymous in self-defense. He says Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while filming the event, using a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Vikernes claims he intended to hand Euronymous the signed contract that night and "tell him to fuck off", but that Euronymous panicked and attacked him first. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust, while Necrobutcher believes Vikernes killed Euronymous due to the death threats he received from him. Necrobutcher later alleged that he also intended to murder Euronymous himself due to him tastelessly capitalizing on Dead's suicide.
Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993, and many other members of the scene were taken in for questioning around the same time. Some confessed to their crimes and implicated others. In May 1994, Vikernes was sentenced to 21 years in prison (Norway's maximum penalty) for the murder of Euronymous, the arson of four churches, and for possession of 150 kg of explosives. Two churches were burned the day he was sentenced, "presumably as a statement of symbolic support". Blackthorn was sentenced to eight years in prison for being an accomplice to the murder. That month saw the release of the Mayhem album De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas, which features Euronymous on guitar and Vikernes on bass guitar. Euronymous's family had asked Mayhem's drummer, Hellhammer, to remove the bass tracks recorded by Vikernes, but Hellhammer said, "I thought it was appropriate that the murderer and victim were on the same record." Vikernes was released from prison in 2009.
Conflict with other music scenes
There was a strong rivalry between Norwegian black metal and Swedish death metal scenes. Fenriz and Tchort have noted that Norwegian black metal musicians had become "fed up with the whole death metal scene" and that "death metal was very uncool in Oslo" at the time. A number of times, Euronymous sent death threats to some of the more 'mainstream' death metal groups in Europe. Allegedly, a group of Norwegian black metal fans even plotted to kidnap and murder certain Swedish death metal musicians.
There was also rivalry between Norwegian and Finnish black metal bands. Impaled Nazarene printed "No orders from Norway accepted" and "" ('Death to the arseholes of Norway!') on early pressings of their first album and innuendo and snarky comments were made in fanzines. Beherit's vocalist Nuclear Holocausto used the rivalry to play a series of telephone pranks on Mika Luttinen (of Impaled Nazarene) in which he would call him in the dead of the night playing nursery rhymes at high speed on a cassette recorder. At the time, Luttinen maintained that the messages were threats from Norwegian black metallers. The Finnish band Black Crucifixion criticized the Norwegian band Darkthrone as "trendies" due to Darkthrone originally being a death metal band who later played black metal.
List of music releases
The following is a partial list of notable black metal recordings and releases by the aforesaid bands released during 1987–1993. Releases in bold are albums, while the rest are demos and extended plays.
Documentaries and films
Det svarte alvor (1994), aired on Norwegian TV by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK).
Satan rir Media (English: Satan Rides the Media) (1999).
Norsk Black Metal (2003), aired on Norwegian TV by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK).
Metal: A Headbanger's Journey (2005) touches on black metal in the early 1990s, and includes an extensive 25-minute feature on the DVD release.
Black Metal: A Documentary (2006), produced by Bill Zebub.
Murder Music: A History of Black Metal (2007).
Once Upon a Time in Norway (2007).
Pure Fucking Mayhem (2008).
Black Metal: The Norwegian Legacy (2008), produced by Bill Zebub.
Until the Light Takes Us (2009).
Black Metal: The Music of Satan (2010), produced by Bill Zebub.
Lords of Chaos (2018), film directed by Jonas Åkerlund.
Helvete – historien om norsk black metal (2020).
See also
List of musicians in the early Norwegian black metal scene
References
Bibliography
External links
"In the Face of Death" – article about the early Norwegian black metal scene, focusing on Mayhem (2005)
Black metal
Music scenes
Social history of Norway
Cultural history of Norway
Anti-Christian sentiment in Norway
Heavy metal by location
Mayhem (band) |
The Newark Evening News was an American newspaper published in Newark, New Jersey. As New Jersey's largest city, Newark played a major role in New Jersey's journalistic history. At its apex, The News was widely regarded as the newspaper of record in New Jersey. It had bureaus in Montclair, Elizabeth, Metuchen, Morristown, Plainfield, Kearny, and Belmar. There were also bureaus in the New Jersey State House in Trenton and in Washington, DC.
History
The News was founded in 1883 by Wallace Scudder. The newspaper was operated by the Scudder family for 86 of its 88 years. The grandson of Wallace Scudder, Richard Scudder, worked as the newspaper's publisher from 1952 until 1972.
For years, the paper thrived as a daily and Sunday paper. It had five editorial writers, an editorial cartoonist, a military writer, and an aviation writer. The paper even had a Sunday magazine. However, a great deal of the paper's focus was on politics.
In 1970, the paper was sold to Media General. In February 1971, the newsroom, which had never been organized, voted to go out on strike and walked out in May 1971. The strike lasted almost a full year — not settling until April 1972. It faced increasing competition from the Newark Star-Ledger, and for its final four months, the daily editions of the Newark Evening News were printed on Star-Ledger presses. That was because the paper's new owners had sold the presses, along with the Sunday News edition, to the Star-Ledger.
The paper folded on August 31, 1972.
Historic research
Since its demise, the Newark Public Library acquired the paper's records. The Charles F. Cummings New Jersey Information Center at Newark Public Library owns the News's indices and clippings files, as well as a full run of microfilm. They have digitized the paper up through 1931.
Distinguished Newark Evening News alumni
John T. Cunningham, prolific and wide-ranging writer on the history of New Jersey.
Lloyd M. Felmly, Editor of the Newark Evening News and a friend of public health. There is an award set up in his honor. Lloyd M. Felmly Award: Established in 1976, the annual award is presented to an individual for outstanding contribution in the media to the cause of public health in New Jersey.
Howard Roger Garis, reporter, who created the Uncle Wiggily character as a News reporter. His Uncle Wiggily books later sold in the millions, and the Wiggily character appeared daily in the News for nearly four decades. He also wrote the first 32 volumes in the Tom Swift, series, written under the pen name Victor Appleton.
Lilian McNamara (Garis). The first female reporter on the News, she later married fellow News reporter, Howard Garis. She helped launch the Bobbsey Twins series and wrote some of the early volumes.
George P. Oslin, leading reporter. He later became Public Relations head of Western Union, and in 1933 invented the singing telegram.
Lute Pease, News editorial cartoonist and winner of the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning for "Who, Me?"
Richard Reeves, writer for the News from 1963 to 1965. Later he spent one year at the New York Herald Tribune and then The New York Times as Chief Political Correspondent. His best-selling books included President Kennedy: Profile of Power (1993), and President Nixon: Alone in the White House (2001). He is currently a syndicated columnist and lecturer at the Annenberg School for Communication in Los Angeles.
Andrew E. Svenson worked for the News from 1932 until 1948. After leaving the newspaper, he joined the Stratemeyer Syndicate, where he became a partner in 1961. Svenson shared the major writing chores with Harriet Adams. Under a variety of pseudonyms, many shared with other authors, Svenson wrote books for the Hardy Boys, Bobbsey Twins, Tom Swift, and Honey Bunch series.
Arthur Sylvester headed the News bureau in Washington, D.C.. In 1960, he joined the Kennedy administration as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs.
Cecil Dorrian was one of two accredited female war correspondents during WWI and wrote for the News
References
Mackin, Tom (August 30, 1981). "The Newark News: In Memoriam". The New York Times.
Defunct newspapers published in New Jersey
Newspapers established in 1872
Publications disestablished in 1973
Evening newspapers
Daily newspapers published in the United States
1872 establishments in New Jersey |
Oscar Edwin Smith Jr. (July 20, 1923 – May 18, 2010) was a former fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 1948 NFL Draft and played that season with the team before splitting the following season between the Packers and the New York Bulldogs.
References
1923 births
2010 deaths
Players of American football from Virginia
American football halfbacks
UTEP Miners football players
Green Bay Packers players
New York Bulldogs players |
```c++
/// Source : path_to_url
/// Author : liuyubobobo
/// Time : 2021-08-15
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/// DFS
/// Time Complexity: O(h)
/// Space Complexity: O(h)
/// Definition for a binary tree node.
struct TreeNode {
int val;
TreeNode *left;
TreeNode *right;
TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
};
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* searchBST(TreeNode* root, int val) {
if(!root) return nullptr;
if(root->val == val) return root;
return val < root->val ? searchBST(root->left, val) : searchBST(root->right, val);
}
};
int main() {
return 0;
}
``` |
The Hvoyna dialect is a Bulgarian dialect of the Rhodopean group of the Rup dialects. Its range includes the northern part of the Central Rhodopes and the town of Batak in the Western Rhodopes. Its immediate neighbours are the Central Balkan dialect to the north, the Smolyan dialect to the south and the Rhodopean Chepino dialect to the west.
Phonological and morphological characteristics
Merger of Old Church Slavonic big yus ѫ, little yus ѧ, ь and ъ into ъ () in a stressed syllable and into a slightly reduced a in an unstressed syllable: къшта (as in formal Bulgarian – house), клътва vs. formal Bulgarian клетва (oath)
Broad e () for Old Church Slavonic yat in all positions and regardless of the word stress and the character of the following syllable: бл/бли vs. formal Bulgarian бял/бели (white), голм/голми vs. formal Bulgarian голям/големи (big). The broad e has also replaced Old Bulgarian я in all positions: доаштер vs. formal Bulgarian дъштера (daughter)
Triple definite article: -ът, -та, -то, -т for general cases, -ъс, -са, -со, -с for objects situated close to the speaker and -ън, -на, -но, -н for objects situated far from the speaker. The Batak subdialect, however, has a single definite article, as in formal Bulgarian
A number of well-preserved case forms: common oblique case forms for family and personal names (as in the Central Balkan dialect, cf. article); dative forms for sing. nouns: сину vs. formal Bulgarian на сина, etc.
For other phonological and morphological characteristics typical for all Rup or Rhodopean dialects, cf. Rup dialects.
Sources
Стойков, Стойко: Българска диалектология, Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов", 2006
Dialects of the Bulgarian language |
The is a railway line in Hino, Tokyo, Japan, owned by the Keio Corporation, which connects Takahatafudō on the Keiō Main Line and Tama-Dōbutsukōen (for Tama Zoo and the Keio Rail-Land railway amusement park).
It is a single track of gauge. The line is electrified at 1,500 V DC.
Stations
History
The line opened on 29 April 1964.
"Wanman" one-person operation started in 2000.
The line experienced a drop in ridership numbers following the closure of the Tama Tech theme park in 2009.
In 2011, operation switched from 6000 series to 7000 series trainsets.
References
Dobutsuen Line
Railway lines in Tokyo
4 ft 6 in gauge railways in Japan
Railway lines opened in 1964 |
Zuleyka Jerrís Rivera Mendoza (born October 3, 1987) is a Puerto Rican actress, TV host, dancer, model and beauty queen who won Miss Universe 2006 in Los Angeles. She was previously crowned Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2006. She made her debut as a telenovela actress in Mexico's Telemundo's soap opera Dame Chocolate in 2007, which was followed by several other soap opera roles. In 2017 she appeared in the music video for "Despacito" by Luis Fonsi.
Early life
Born in Cayey, she was raised in Salinas by her parents Jerry Rivera and Carmen Mendoza, along with her two brothers, Jerry, Jr. and Jose Rivera Mendoza.
Prior to winning the Miss Puerto Rico title, she first won the local pageant for her hometown of Salinas. She had also placed as the first runner-up in the Miss Teen Puerto Rico pageant. Only eighteen years of age when she was crowned Miss Universe, Rivera is one of the youngest women to win the title.
Pageantry
Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2006
Rivera represented her hometown of Salinas municipality at Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2006, held on November 10, 2005, where she was crowned the winner by outgoing titleholder and Miss Universe 2005 1st Runner-Up Cynthia Olavarría. Rivera is also the second woman with noticeably mixed features to win Miss Puerto Rico Universe after Alba Reyes in 2004.
Miss Universe 2006
Zuleyka Rivera represented Puerto Rico in the Miss Universe 2006 which was televised live internationally from the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California on 23 July 2006. After competing in swimsuit, evening gown and interview, she was crowned Miss Universe by outgoing titleholder Natalie Glebova of Canada. At the time she was the youngest Miss Universe winner since Amelia Vega in 2003 (until Stefanía Fernández in 2009).
Later that evening, Rivera fainted briefly during a press appearance. The incident was reportedly attributed to heat exhaustion (from the stage lights) coupled with the weight of the heavy, chained dress she was wearing.
Rivera was the fifth Puerto Rican to win the title, which makes the island the third most successful entity in the pageant (behind the United States and Venezuela). Rivera was the third consecutive delegate from Puerto Rico to make the Top 5 at Miss Universe, after Alba Reyes placed 2nd Runner-Up in 2004 and Cynthia Olavarría placed 1st Runner-Up in 2005. She is also the first winner from Puerto Rico to have noticeable mixed (African and Indigenous) heritage features, different from her four predecessors (Marisol Malaret, Deborah Carthy-Deu, Dayanara Torres, and Denise Quiñones) that have distinctly European features.
Rivera's win came only five years after Denise Quiñones, the most recent winner from Puerto Rico, won the crown. As Miss Universe, Rivera represented the Miss Universe Organization, both in the United States and internationally. She was based in New York City, where she shared an apartment with Tara Conner, Miss USA and Katie Blair, Miss Teen USA 2006.
At the Miss Universe 2007 pageant she passed her crown to Riyo Mori of Japan in Mexico City, Mexico on May 28, 2007. Her Miss Universe's reign with only 10 months is one of the shortest reign in the history of the contest.
Reign
After being crowned on July 23, 2006, in Los Angeles, Zuleyka was interviewed by many news teams in Los Angeles and when she arrived at her new home in New York.
From the end of July until early August, Zuleyka traveled to Japan where she presented the Five Star Diamond Award to the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Tokyo. She also participated in a photo shoot with Kurara Chibana in San Juan, Puerto Rico and in Tokyo, Japan. Miss Universe Japan (and first runner-up), and Zuleyka also visited Mikimoto, the creators of her dazzling crown. In late August, Zuleyka traveled to Indonesia where she attended the opening of a new spa, met with the Minister of Culture, and attended the Miss Indonesia Universe pageant where Agni Pratistha was crowned. While in Indonesia, Zuleyka also visited Bali. On September 4, 2006, Zuleyka returned to her home, Puerto Rico for an official homecoming celebration and parade. The following day, Zuleyka returned to her hometown of Salinas.
As of April 2007, Zuleyka has traveled to the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Greece, Kazakhstan, India, Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Japan, and Indonesia, in addition to numerous trips around the United States.
On April 1, 2007, Rivera appeared at WrestleMania 23 along with Miss USA 2007 Rachel Smith and Miss Teen USA 2006 Katie Blair, supporting Donald Trump in the Battle of the Billionaires match against Vince McMahon.
She passed on her crown to Japan's Riyo Mori at the Miss Universe 2007 pageant, which was held in Mexico City, Mexico on May 28, 2007.
Acting career
After finishing her reign as Miss Universe, Rivera expressed her interest in an acting career. She debuted in the 2007 telenovela Dame Chocolate with Carlos Ponce and Karla Monroig. In 2010, she was offered the role of antagonist Rocío Lynch in the telenovela Alguien Te Mira. Later that year, she starred in Aurora as another antagonist, Diana del Valle.
After a brief hiatus due to her pregnancy, Rivera returned to acting in 2012, with a lead role in Rosario. Rivera again plays the role of antagonist Sandra Díaz. In an interview, Rivera said that she has acknowledged she has "the skills for this kind of [antagonist] roles... I handle them pretty well." In 2013, Rivera announced she would play the antagonist lead in the upcoming telenovela Cosita linda, which will start filming in May.
Rivera also had a small role on the film Runner, Runner.
Personal life
From late 2010 to 2013, Rivera dated Dallas Mavericks point guard J. J. Barea. In July 2011, the couple announced they were expecting their first child together.<ref>[http://content.usatoday.com/communities/gameon/post/2011/07/jj-barea-miss-universe-zuleyka-rivera-pregnant/1 Baby due for J.J. Barea and his Miss Universe girlfriend] from USA Today 21 July 2011</ref> Rivera gave birth to her son Sebastián José Barea Rivera in Minnesota on February 18, 2012. Barea was present during the birth.
During early 2013, there was much speculation that the relationship between Rivera and Barea had ended. However, she assured on an interview that they were still together. On April 18, 2013, Barea released a statement confirming that the relationship was over. Rivera responded with a statement of her own alleging "false information" on Barea's statement. On her statement, Rivera says that "ever since I began filming the telenovela Rosario'', there weren't two consecutive weeks where I didn't travel to Minnesota, a place I considered my home, along with the father of my child." She added that she still has the satisfaction "as a woman and mother, that I gave all of me in exchange for our happiness. But this is a labor of two. Life goes on and I keep on going with my head held high."
In 2018, Rivera became a brand ambassador for Eravos.
Filmography
Films
Television
Music videos
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
History of women in Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 2006
Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2006
References
External links
An Interview with Zuleyka prior to her winning Miss Universe 2006
Miss Universe official website
Zuleuka Rivera
1987 births
Living people
People from Cayey, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe winners
Miss Universe 2006 contestants
Miss Puerto Rico winners
Puerto Rican female models
Puerto Rican telenovela actresses
21st-century Puerto Rican actresses
Puerto Rican beauty pageant winners |
is a Japanese television program produced by Tsuburaya Productions that aired from 1977 to 1978 on TV Tokyo. It combined Tsuburaya's trademark suitmation tokusatsu techniques with anime. The show ran for 39 episodes.
Plot
Dinosaurs reappear on Earth, stronger and more intelligent than before, led by Ururu (renamed Tyrannis in the English dub), and this time they are trying to rule Earth once more and wipe out humankind. They are alive and even thriving in an underground empire that they have built.
In 1986, Satan Gottes, the leader of the dinosaurs, declares war against humanity. In an attempt to reclaim Earth's surface, some of the dinosaurs evolve into deadly monsters and start wreaking havoc on human population centers around the globe.
The story revolves around the D-Force (D戦隊 D Sentai), and its two members, a brother and sister team of Tachibana Ai (立花 愛) and Tachibana Zen (立花 善), the Special OPs force, whose mission is to combat monsterized dinosaurs and protect humanity. But early in the series, the siblings suffer a near-fatal injury from the massive explosion during the test of a prototype super-tank, "predecessor to Izenborg".
In order to keep them alive, they receive cybernetic body parts and other implants, which synchronize with their combat vehicle and form Aizenborg (Ai + Zen + Cy"borg"; called Gemini in the US version) to fight the dino-army. Halfway through the show their bodies are altered again, and the two are able to combine into a robotic giant that can fight the dinosaurs in close combat.
Compilation film
On 25 August 1982, the first four episodes were released to VHS in the United States in the form of a compilation film titled Attack of the Super Monsters.
Comedy podcast RiffTrax (Michael J. Nelson, Bill Corbett and Kevin Murphy) recorded and released a riff in 2019. The original, unriffed version is available on Freevee and Tubi.
The Return of Izenborg
is a Japanese-Arabic documentary produced as a collaboration between the Japanese company Tsuburaya Productions, Mr. Jarrah Alfurih from Saudi Arabia and Cultures Factory (an NLC company). It is the first Arabic-Japanese production in the art of Japanese tokusatsu, which is a special live action effects category. This documentary was filmed in 2016 and aired on Friday December 15, 2017 on the Arabic channel Spacetoon at 8:30pm local Saudi time. The documentary was translated back to Japanese by Tsubaraya and officially streamed on YouTube on December 29, 2017.
References
External links
1977 anime television series debuts
1977 Japanese television series debuts
1978 Japanese television series endings
Dinosaurs in anime and manga
Mecha anime and manga
Animated television series about dinosaurs
Tokusatsu television series
Tsuburaya Productions
Studio Deen
TV Tokyo original programming
Ultra television series
Television series set in 1986
Japanese television series with live action and animation |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.