text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
```objective-c
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
the Free Software Foundation
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */
// Animation names
#define HANDWITHAMMO_ANIM_DEFAULT_ANIMATION 0
// Color names
// Patch names
// Names of collision boxes
#define HANDWITHAMMO_COLLISION_BOX_PART_NAME 0
// Attaching position names
// Sound names
``` |
Taylor Rae McDonald (born May 12, 1993) is a Canadian curler from Edmonton. She currently plays second on Team Kate Cameron. McDonald previously played second for Team Laura Walker and Team Kelsey Rocque, with whom she won gold at the 2014 World Junior Curling Championships and the 2017 Winter Universiade.
Career
Juniors
McDonald began her junior curling career in the 2011–12 season on Team Kelsey Rocque. In 2014, her team of Rocque, third Keely Brown, lead Claire Tully and coach Amanda-Dawn Coderre won the 2014 Alberta Junior Curling Championship with a 6–5 win over 2012 Canadian Junior champion Jocelyn Peterman in the final. This earned them the right to represent Alberta at the 2014 Canadian Junior Curling Championships in Liverpool, Nova Scotia. Alberta went undefeated in their round robin pool which gave them a berth in the championship pool. They finished 9–1 after the championship pool, with their only loss coming at the hands of Nova Scotia's Mary Fay. This meant that the team would go directly to the final, where they would face British Columbia's Kalia Van Osch. Alberta led the entire game and had an inturn hit for the win and the championship. They won in a 7–6 decision. At the 2014 World Junior Curling Championships, the team finished the round robin with a 7–2 record, losing only to Russia and South Korea. They would then face South Korea in the 1 vs. 2 page playoff, but this time would win in a 7–6 decision. Team Rocque would play South Korea again in the final, but would win in a 6-4 decision to capture the gold medal and the championship. It was the first time a Canadian Women's team would win the championship since 2003.
Women's
For the 2014–15 season, McDonald joined Team Chelsea Carey at second, with Laura Crocker as third and Jen Gates as lead. The team would win two tour titles that season, the HDF Insurance Shoot-Out and the Boundary Ford Curling Classic. Team Carey also played in three slams that season, making the playoffs in only the 2014 Canadian Open of Curling, where they lost in the quarterfinals. At the 2015 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team would lose in the finals. Following the 2014–15 season, Carey formed a new team, and was replaced by McDonald's former skip Kelsey Rocque. In their first season together, the Rocque rink won the Red Deer Curling Classic and the CCT Uiseong Masters on the tour. The team played in five slams, making it to the quarterfinals in four events. Team Rocque played in the 2016 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, but failed to make the playoffs. McDonald played in her first Canada Cup at the 2015 Canada Cup of Curling, where her team finished with a 2–4 record, missing the playoffs. Also during the 2015–16 season, McDonald won the 2016 CIS/CCA Curling Championships with the University of Alberta, qualifying her and teammates Rocque, Danielle Schmiemann, Taylore Theroux and Kristen Streifel for the 2017 Winter Universiade the next season.
The following season, The Rocque rink had less success on the tour. They would play in four slams, making it to the quarterfinals in just one event, the 2016 GSOC Tour Challenge. The team played in the 2016 Canada Cup of Curling, but once again missed the playoffs with a 2–4 record. The team made the decision to miss the 2017 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts so that Rocque and McDonald could participate in the Universiade. The team won gold at the Universiade, beating Russia's Victoria Moiseeva 8–3 in the final. In the 2017–18 season, Team Rocque would win the Curl Mesabi Classic and would play in three slams, making it to the quarterfinals at just the 2018 Meridian Canadian Open. The team played in the 2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Pre-Trials, losing in the playoffs. Midway through the season, Walker took over skipping duties of the team, but remained throwing third stones. The Rocque rink played with the new arrangement at the 2018 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, where they narrowly missed the playoffs. The next month it was announced that the team would be splitting up. In their final event together, with Rocque off the team, the rink would lose in a tiebreaker at the 2018 Players' Championship with Walker skipping and Kendra Lilly brought in to play third.
In March 2018, McDonald announced she was joining a Winnipeg-based team skipped by Allison Flaxey, with third Kate Cameron and lead Raunora Westcott. The team participated in two Slams and finished sixth at the 2019 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts. McDonald was invited to be Team Fleury's and team Manitoba's alternate at the 2019 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. She played in one game, Draw 11 against Nunavut, where she curled 75%. McDonald also spared for Fleury at the 2019 Players' Championship where they had a quarterfinal finish.
On March 15, 2019, it was announced that McDonald would join the new team of Laura Walker, Kate Cameron and Nadine Scotland for the 2019–20 season. They did not qualify for the playoffs in their first two events, the 2019 Cargill Curling Training Centre Icebreaker and the Booster Juice Shoot-Out before winning the 2019 Mother Club Fall Curling Classic after posting a perfect 7–0 record. McDonald won her first provincial title this season as well, defeating former teammate Kelsey Rocque 7–4 in the 2020 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts final. Representing Alberta at the 2020 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team finished pool play with a 3–4 record, failing to qualify for the championship round. It would be the team's last event of the season as both the Players' Championship and the Champions Cup Grand Slam events were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Due to the pandemic, the 2021 Alberta Scotties were cancelled, so Curling Alberta appointed the Walker rink to represent the province at the 2021 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. Team Walker's regular lead Nadine Scotland, who was three-months pregnant, opted not to play in the tournament, which was being held in a "bubble" due to the pandemic. She was replaced by Rachel Brown. At the Scotties, the team finished with a 9–3 round robin record, tied for third with Manitoba, skipped by Jennifer Jones. Alberta beat Manitoba in the tiebreaker, but lost in the semifinal against the defending champion Team Canada rink, skipped by Kerri Einarson, settling for a bronze medal.
In just their second event of the 2021–22 season, Team Walker reached the final of the 2021 Alberta Curling Series: Saville Shoot-Out where they were defeated by Kim Eun-jung. Due to the pandemic, the qualification process for the 2021 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials had to be modified to qualify enough teams for the championship. In these modifications, Curling Canada created the 2021 Canadian Curling Trials Direct-Entry Event, an event where five teams would compete to try to earn one of three spots into the 2021 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials. Team Walker qualified for the Trials Direct-Entry Event due to their CTRS ranking from the 2019–20 season. At the event, the team went 2–2 through the round robin, qualifying for the tiebreaker round where they faced British Columbia's Corryn Brown. After being defeated by Brown in the first game, Team Walker won the second tiebreaker to secure their spot at the Olympic Trials. The team had one more event before the Trials, the 2021 National Grand Slam, where they lost in the quarterfinals to Tracy Fleury. A few weeks later, they competed in the Olympic Trials, held November 20 to 28 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. At the event, the team had mixed results, ultimately finishing in sixth place with a 3–5 record.
A few weeks before the Alberta provincial championship, Team Walker won the Alberta Curling Series: Avonair tour event, defeating Casey Scheidegger in the final. They then competed in the 2022 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, where they posted a 6–1 record through the round robin. This created a three-way tie between Walker, Scheidegger and the Kelsey Rocque rink, however, as Walker had to best draw shot challenge between the three rinks, they advanced directly to the final. There, they met the Scheidegger rink, who defeated Rocque in the semifinal. After a tight final, Walker secured the victory for her team with a draw to the eight-foot to win 6–5. This qualified the team for their second straight national championship. At the 2022 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team could not replicate their success from 2021, finishing the round robin with a 3–5 record and missing the playoffs. Team Walker wrapped up their season at the 2022 Players' Championship where they missed the playoffs.
On March 17, 2022, the team announced that they would be disbanding at the end of the 2021–22 season. It was later announced that McDonald and teammate Kate Cameron would be joining Casey Scheidegger and Jessie Haughian for the 2022–23 season. Scheidegger would skip the team, with Cameron playing third, Haughian at second and McDonald at lead. The team found immediate success, reaching back-to-back semifinals at the 2022 Saville Shoot-Out and the 2022 Alberta Curling Series Major. The team then played in the 2022 PointsBet Invitational single elimination tournament, however, without Scheidegger who was on maternity leave. She was replaced by Kristie Moore. The team had tight games in all three of their victories over Kerry Galusha, Rachel Homan and Kaitlyn Lawes to qualify for the final. There, they lost 7–4 to Jennifer Jones. After a semifinal finish at the 2022 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic, Team Scheidegger lost back-to-back finals at the Ladies Alberta Open and the Red Deer Curling Classic to Kayla Skrlik and Rachel Homan respectively. At the 2023 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team finished second through the round robin with a 6–1 record. They then beat Selena Sturmay in the semifinal to qualify for the provincial final where they faced the undefeated Skrlik rink. The game went back and forth, with Skrlik making a highlight reel double takeout in the tenth end to score two and win the game 9–8. Despite this, Team Scheidegger still qualified for the 2023 Scotties Tournament of Hearts as Wild Card #2 thanks to their CTRS points earned throughout the season. At the Hearts, the team finished sixth in their pool with a 3–5 record, earning wins over the Wild Card #3, Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northwest Territories. In Grand Slam play, Team Scheidegger competed in four events, however, failed to reach the playoffs at all four. Their best finish came at the 2022 Masters where they lost in a tiebreaker to Chelsea Carey.
Personal life
McDonald currently lives in Edmonton. She is employed as a mortgage broker for Mortgage Design Group. She is married to Kirt Dell.
Teams
Notes
References
External links
Living people
1993 births
Canadian women curlers
University of Alberta alumni
Curlers from Edmonton
Sportspeople from Lethbridge
Curlers from Winnipeg
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Canada
Universiade medalists in curling
Competitors at the 2017 Winter Universiade
Canada Cup (curling) participants
21st-century Canadian women
21st-century Canadian people |
Setiawangsa is an eastern suburb in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, located less than 4 kilometres from the city centre and located right next to Ampang. There are 4 main residentials within this area;
Taman Setiawangsa
Tiara Setiawangsa
Bukit Setiawangsa
Puncak Setiawangsa
While Taman Setiawangsa and Tiara Setiawangsa are located on the busier, flatter and more visible front part of the suburb, Puncak Setiawangsa and Bukit Setiawangsa are neighborhoods positioned higher up on the hills in a quieter surrounding.
The residential was developed by Island & Peninsular (I&P) Group Sdn Bhd. The foothill and mid-hill areas were originally part of Bukit Dinding, developed in stages in the 1980s and renamed as Bukit Setiawangsa. Final phase of the development was Puncak Setiawangsa, which was completed in 1995.
The lists of tenants here is changing daily, due possibly to the easier traffic flow (helped by the new Duta–Ulu Klang Expressway (DUKE)), competitive rentals and accessibility between KL, Petaling Jaya and other suburbs. Firms such as Texas Instruments, I & P, Right Balance Group, Fidin Universal, Tanjung and RB Helicopters all have their operational bases in Setiawangsa. Japanese retailer JUSCO also has one outlet operating here in AU2 since 2008.
Setiawangsa's parliamentary constituency is currently led by Nik Nazmi of PKR.
Natural disasters
28 December 2012
Incident: slope failure / fallen retainer wall
The engineered slope holding up Puncak Setiawangsa which has been standing tall at 10–11 berms, totalling over 50m high, since the early 1990s failed dramatically at the 2200 hour on Friday, 28 December 2012. Three families were ordered to evacuate from the bungalows at Puncak Setiawangsa. 13 retailers at the row of shoplots across the retainer wall were also asked to evacuate.
17 November 2020
Incident: Flashflood
Heavy rain that caused a flashflood from Bukit Dinding onto the residentials at Bukit Setiawangsa.
February 2022
Incident: Landslide at the side of the earlier fallen retainer wall
A landslide happened at the side of the earlier fallen retainer wall after heavy rain. Vegetation was removed and DBKL superficially cemented the wall to avoid further erosion and for aesthetic purpose.
Education
SK Setiawangsa is classified as Top Performance School in Kuala Lumpur.
Additionally, a secondary school SMK Taman Setiawangsa is located in Setiawangsa hill and DUKE. Alumni of the school include rapper and actor Juzzthin and filmmaker and actor Pierre Andre, filmmaker and LoneWvlf music label owner Al Bakri Harith.
Brighton International School - is the only International school within Setiawangsa.
Transportation
Public transport
Setiawangsa is served by the station of the same name () on the Kelana Jaya Line.
Car
The last entry route to Setiawangsa/AU2 area is the MRR2 Federal Route 28. The Duta–Ulu Klang Expressway which connects Setiawangsa to Segambut/Mont Kiara, starts here.
References
External links
Setiawangsa.net Website
Suburbs in Kuala Lumpur |
Peter Michael Neumann OBE (28 December 1940 – 18 December 2020) was a British mathematician. His fields of interest included the history of mathematics and Galois theory.
Biography
Born in December 1940, Neumann was a son of the German-born mathematicians Bernhard Neumann and Hanna Neumann. He gained a BA degree from The Queen's College, Oxford in 1963, and a DPhil degree from the University of Oxford in 1966. Neumann was a Tutorial Fellow at the Queen's College, Oxford, and a lecturer at the University of Oxford. His research work was in the field of group theory. In 1987, Neumann won the Lester R. Ford Award of the Mathematical Association of America for his review of Harold Edwards' book Galois Theory.
He was the first Chairman of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust, from October 1996 to April 2004, succeeded by Bernard Silverman.
Neumann showed in 1997 that Alhazen's problem (reflecting a light ray off a spherical mirror to hit a target) cannot be solved with a straightedge and compass construction. Although the solution is a straightforward application of Galois theory it settles the constructibility of one of the last remaining geometric construction problems posed in antiquity.
In 2003, the London Mathematical Society awarded him the Senior Whitehead Prize. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours.
After retiring in 2008, he became an Emeritus Fellow at the Queen's College.
Neumann's work in the history of mathematics includes his 2011 publication The Mathematical Writings of Evariste Galois, an English language book on the work of French mathematician Évariste Galois (1811–1832). Neumann was a long-standing supporter of the British Society for the History of Mathematics, whose Neumann Prize is named in his honour.
Neumann was the president of the Mathematical Association from 2015 to 2016.
Neumann died from COVID-19 on 18 December 2020, ten days before his 80th birthday, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.
Personal life
Neumann married Sylvia Bull in 1962. She was a fellow mathematics undergraduate at Oxford, where they met.
References
External links
Home page at the Mathematical Institute, Oxford
Home page at The Queen's College, Oxford
1940 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in England
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
20th-century English mathematicians
21st-century English mathematicians
Group theorists
British historians of mathematics
Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
David Crighton medalists
English male writers
English people of German descent
English people of German-Jewish descent |
Association pour le Droit des Femmes was a French women's rights organization, founded by Maria Deraismes and Léon Richer in 1870. It was the first women's rights organization in France. Its purpose was to work for equal rights for women and men.
Works
While Richier maintained the view that women should not be given the vote before they no longer favored the Catholic church so much that women suffrage would result in a backlash of a progressive development of society, Maria Deraismes, who previously shared this view, took the stand that women should be given the vote in order to be more progressive than their present state allowed, rather than the other way around. Deraismes therefore left the Association pour le Droit des Femmes and founded the Ligue Française pour le Droit des Femmes in 1882, which resulted in Richiers association being replaced by LFDF as a leading women's movement in France.
References
Feminist organizations in France
Women's rights organizations
1870 establishments in France
Women's organizations based in France
Organizations established in 1870 |
Joseph Watson (1 January 1952 – 30 September 2000) was an Australian footballer who played as a winger in a 24-year career extending from 1968 to 1992.
Playing career
A native of Fife, Joe Watson had been playing with Nottingham Forest since the age of 16, but began his professional career at 18 in 1970 with Dundee United, participating in a handful of games before joining Forfar Athletic in 1972. After one season with Forfar, Watson emigrated to Australia in 1973 where, like another Scottish player for United, Kenny Murphy, he spent many seasons playing international football for Australia national football team, primarily Sydney City.
Sydney City
In Australia he played for Sydney Hakoah. At Sydney City he played four seasons in the New South Wales State League before the club as Sydney City joined the National Soccer League in 1977. Watson played 258 National Soccer League matches, playing with the club until 1986.
International career
Watson played 17 matches for Australia between 1979 and 1986. While he had retired from international football in 1985, he was honoured with being named captain in a friendly against Czechoslovakia in August 1986. He was replaced after five minutes by Angie Postecoglou.
Coaching career
In 1991 while still playing Watson began coaching at Waverley. In a nine-year coaching career Watson coached at eight separate clubs.
Illness and death
Watson was diagnosed with liver cancer, after which a day of charity matches was scheduled in August 2000 to raise funds. Watson died on 30 September 2000.
Honours
Scotland
Forfarshire Cup
Champion: 1971-72
Australia
NSW State League
Waratah Cup Champion: 1976
National Soccer League Player of the Year: 1983
National Soccer League
Champion: 1977, 1980, 1981, 1982
Runner Up: 1978, 1983, 1985
OFC Nations Cup
Champion: 1980
References
External links
Article mentioning Joe Watson's death
Footballers from Fife
Australian men's soccer players
Dundee United F.C. players
Forfar Athletic F.C. players
Australia men's international soccer players
1952 births
2000 deaths
Scottish Football League players
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Hakoah Sydney City East FC players
APIA Leichhardt FC players
Men's association football wingers
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from cancer in Australia |
Albert Edward Victor Whitford (1877 – 29 January 1924) was a tailor and member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was shot dead in Brisbane in 1924.
Early days
Whitford was born in Woolwich, England, to parents Charles Whitford and his wife Dora (née Kelly). He was a tailor in Inverell in 1906 before heading to Childers in 1910 to continue his trade.
Political career
Whitford, representing the Labor Party, first stood for the seat of Burrum in the Queensland Legislative Assembly at the 1912 state election only to be beaten by the sitting member, Colin Rankin. He was once again beaten by Rankin at the 1915 state election but finally won the seat in 1918. He held the seat until 1920.
Personal life
In 1897, Whitford married Ethel Maud Scott and together had two sons and two daughters.
Death
The circumstances relating to the killing of Whitford were as follows, Whitford and his wife were at the Tivoli Theatre where they stayed until 7.50 pm. The gunman, later identified as James William Laydon, was also in attendance that night with his wife. Laydon was a returned serviceman who had returned from The Great War. Laydon confronted Whitford outside the theatre and Laydon said that he would
fetch his wife, who had made some serious accusations to him about Whitford. Whitford wanting to avoid a scene declared he had an appointment, said he would see Laydon later. Whitford and his wife made off across the road and Laydon called out, "Whitford, you're a mongrel." Laydon followed Whitford across Albert Square to the corner of the Square and Adelaide Street, and then shot Whitford once in the neck and once in the forehead, and when Whitford fell to the ground, stood over him and fired three more shots killing him instantly.
The gunman then coolly waited until police took him into custody and charged him with murder.
A Police constable told the court that Laydon said to him, "I shot him. What would you have done if he had taken your wife to a brothel while you were at the war?" Laydon, it also was said, remarked to the police, "I was taught at the war to kill my enemies; I killed many there that never did me any harm." Justice O'Sullivan in summing up commented on the fact that no evidence had been brought forward to prove the allegations. "It was a slur on a dead man, who is not here to disprove it. If there was anything in it some evidence could have been brought forward to prove it."
Whitford was buried just nineteen hours after he was murdered and buried in the Toowong Cemetery.
Laydon was given a life sentence with hard labour. Laydon appealed his sentence and was finally released on parole after serving seven years. For many years the R.S.S.I.L.A., had lobbied the Governments of the day reasons for the exercise of clemency in this case, and the Moore Government agreed to recommend that he should be released upon serving seven years.
References
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
1877 births
1924 deaths
Assassinated Australian politicians
1924 murders in Australia
Murder in Brisbane
1920s in Brisbane
1920s assassinated politicians |
In enzymology, a phosphonopyruvate hydrolase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
3-phosphonopyruvate + H2O pyruvate + phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-phosphonopyruvate and H2O, whereas its two products are pyruvate and phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is '''. This enzyme is also called PPH'''.
References
EC 3.11.1
Enzymes of unknown structure |
Michael Dadashi is an American entrepreneur and business executive based in Austin, Texas, best known as the founder of MHD Enterprises and founder and CEO of Infinite Recovery.
Dadashi is also the co-founder of the storytelling platform, HeartWater.
Early life and career
At age 15, Dadashi started drinking alcohol and soon became an alcoholic. Over the course of several years, he also became addicted to heroin, while occasionally using other drugs like marijuana, cocaine, Vicodin, and Adderall.
Dadashi worked at an e-waste recycling company in California. When he was fired, he returned to Austin in 2006 and founded MHD Enterprises, a similar e-waste recycling business.
In June 2009, Dadashi entered rehab and has been sober since. MHD Enterprises also began to grow, earning $7 million between 2008 and 2011 (a growth of 6,277%). Between 2012 and 2014, the company earned a spot on the Inc. 5000 list of the fastest growing companies in the United States.
In 2014, Dadashi founded the Infinite Recovery addiction treatment network, and in 2015 launched the HeartWater storytelling platform.
Advocacy work
Dadashi is an advocate for addiction recovery and a board member for the non-profit organization, Facing Addiction. Over one-third of the employees at MHD Enterprises are also recovering or former addicts.
References
External links
Official website
Infinite Recovery website
American business executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth unknown |
Filipendula vulgaris, commonly known as dropwort or fern-leaf dropwort, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae, closely related to meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria). It is found in dry pastures across much of Europe and central and northern Asia, mostly on lime.
The crushed leaves and roots have a scent of the oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate).
Taxonomy and naming
The genus name Filipendula comes from Latin filum ("thread") and pendulus ("hanging") in reference to the root tubers that hang from the roots in some species. The specific epithet vulgaris means "common". The English name "dropwort" comes from the tubers that hang like drops from the root.
Description
It has finely-cut, fern-like radical leaves which form a basal rosette, and an erect stem tall bearing a loose terminal inflorescence of small creamy white flowers. The flowers appear in dense clusters from late spring to midsummer atop sparsely leafed stems about 30 cm tall.
This plant prefers full sun or partial shade. It is more tolerant of dry conditions than most other members of its genus. It is a perennial of chalk and limestone downs and on heaths on other basic rocks.
Cultivation
Propagation is by seed and the division of the creeping roots. The tuberous roots and young leaves can be cooked as a vegetable or eaten raw as a salad. The taste is bitter sweet. The mature leaves smell of oil of wintergreen when crushed, due to the release of methyl salicylate.
References
vulgaris |
```python
Following PEP 8 styling guideline.
Built-in `list` methods
`Module`s everywhere!
Enhance your `tuple`s
Get the most of `int`s
``` |
```javascript
import React from 'react';
import CalendarList from '../index';
import {CalendarListDriver} from '../driver';
//@ts-expect-error
import {getMonthTitle} from '../../testUtils';
const CURRENT = '2022-09-09';
const NEXT_MONTH = '2022-10-09';
const PREV_MONTH = '2022-08-09';
const nextMonthData = {dateString: '2022-10-09', day: 9, month: 10, timestamp: 1665273600000, year: 2022};
const prevMonthData = {dateString: '2022-08-09', day: 9, month: 8, timestamp: 1660003200000, year: 2022};
const testIdCalendarList = 'myCalendarList';
const onMonthChangeMock = jest.fn();
const onVisibleMonthsChangeMock = jest.fn();
const pastScrollRange = 10;
const futureScrollRange = 5;
// const initialVisibleItems = [
// {
// "index": 50,
// "isViewable": true,
// "item": "2022-09-09T00:00:00.000Z",
// "key": "50"
// }
// ];
// const changed = [
// {
// "index": 51,
// "isViewable": true,
// "item": "2022-10-09T00:00:00.000Z",
// "key": "51"
// },
// {
// "index": 50,
// "isViewable": false,
// "item": "2022-09-09T00:00:00.000Z",
// "key":"50"
// }
// ];
// const visibleItems = [
// {
// "index": 51,
// "isViewable": true,
// "item": "2022-10-09T00:00:00.000Z",
// "key": "51"
// }
// ];
const defaultProps = {
testID: testIdCalendarList,
current: CURRENT,
onMonthChange: onMonthChangeMock,
onVisibleMonthsChange: onVisibleMonthsChangeMock
};
const TestCase = props => {
return <CalendarList {...defaultProps} {...props} />;
};
describe('CalendarList', () => {
describe('Props', () => {
describe('past/futureScrollRange', () => {
const driver = new CalendarListDriver(
testIdCalendarList,
<TestCase pastScrollRange={pastScrollRange} futureScrollRange={futureScrollRange} />
);
beforeEach(() => {
jest.useFakeTimers();
driver.render();
});
it('should have correct number of list items', () => {
expect(driver.getListProps().data.length).toBe(pastScrollRange + futureScrollRange + 1);
});
});
});
describe('Horizontal Mode', () => {
const driver = new CalendarListDriver(testIdCalendarList, <TestCase horizontal={true} staticHeader={true} />);
beforeEach(() => {
jest.useFakeTimers();
driver.render();
onMonthChangeMock.mockClear();
onVisibleMonthsChangeMock.mockClear();
});
// afterEach(() => driver.clear());
describe('Init', () => {
it('should display current month', () => {
// static header
expect(driver.getStaticHeaderTitle()).toBe(getMonthTitle(CURRENT));
// list
expect(driver.getListProps().horizontal).toBe(true);
expect(driver.getListProps().data.length).toBe(101);
expect(driver.getListProps().initialScrollIndex).toBe(50);
expect(driver.getListProps().initialNumToRender).toBe(1);
// list items
expect(driver.getListItem(CURRENT)).toBeDefined();
expect(driver.getListItemTitle(CURRENT)).toBeDefined();
// events
expect(onMonthChangeMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(onVisibleMonthsChangeMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
describe('Static Header Arrows', () => {
it('should change month on right arrow press', () => {
driver.pressRightArrow();
expect(onMonthChangeMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(nextMonthData);
expect(onVisibleMonthsChangeMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith([nextMonthData]);
expect(driver.getStaticHeaderTitle()).toBe(getMonthTitle(NEXT_MONTH));
// NOTE: check visible list item - only first item is rendered and arrow press doesn't actually scrolls the list
// expect(driver.getListItemTitle(NEXT_MONTH)).toBeDefined();
});
it('should change month on left arrow press', () => {
driver.pressLeftArrow();
expect(onMonthChangeMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(prevMonthData);
expect(onVisibleMonthsChangeMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith([prevMonthData]);
expect(driver.getStaticHeaderTitle()).toBe(getMonthTitle(PREV_MONTH));
});
});
// describe('List Scroll', () => {
// it('scroll to next month', () => {
// driver.fireOnViewableItemsChanged(changed, visibleItems);
// expect(onMonthChangeMock).toHaveBeenCalled();
// expect(onMonthChangeMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(nextMonthData);
// expect(onVisibleMonthsChangeMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith([nextMonthData]);
// expect(driver.getStaticHeaderTitle()).toBe(getMonthTitle(NEXT_MONTH));
// });
// });
});
});
``` |
```c
/* BFD back-end for linux flavored i386 a.out binaries.
2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
#define TARGET_PAGE_SIZE 4096
#define ZMAGIC_DISK_BLOCK_SIZE 1024
#define SEGMENT_SIZE TARGET_PAGE_SIZE
#define TEXT_START_ADDR 0x0
#define N_SHARED_LIB(x) 0
#define MACHTYPE_OK(mtype) ((mtype) == M_386 || (mtype) == M_UNKNOWN)
#include "bfd.h"
#include "sysdep.h"
#include "libbfd.h"
#include "aout/aout64.h"
#include "aout/stab_gnu.h"
#include "aout/ar.h"
#include "libaout.h" /* BFD a.out internal data structures */
#define DEFAULT_ARCH bfd_arch_i386
/* Do not "beautify" the CONCAT* macro args. Traditional C will not
remove whitespace added here, and thus will fail to concatenate
the tokens. */
#define MY(OP) CONCAT2 (i386linux_,OP)
#define TARGETNAME "a.out-i386-linux"
extern const bfd_target MY(vec);
/* We always generate QMAGIC files in preference to ZMAGIC files. It
would be possible to make this a linker option, if that ever
becomes important. */
static void MY_final_link_callback
PARAMS ((bfd *, file_ptr *, file_ptr *, file_ptr *));
static bfd_boolean i386linux_bfd_final_link
PARAMS ((bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *));
static bfd_boolean i386linux_write_object_contents PARAMS ((bfd *));
static bfd_boolean
i386linux_bfd_final_link (abfd, info)
bfd *abfd;
struct bfd_link_info *info;
{
obj_aout_subformat (abfd) = q_magic_format;
return NAME(aout,final_link) (abfd, info, MY_final_link_callback);
}
#define MY_bfd_final_link i386linux_bfd_final_link
/* Set the machine type correctly. */
static bfd_boolean
i386linux_write_object_contents (abfd)
bfd *abfd;
{
struct external_exec exec_bytes;
struct internal_exec *execp = exec_hdr (abfd);
N_SET_MACHTYPE (*execp, M_386);
obj_reloc_entry_size (abfd) = RELOC_STD_SIZE;
WRITE_HEADERS(abfd, execp);
return TRUE;
}
#define MY_write_object_contents i386linux_write_object_contents
/* Code to link against Linux a.out shared libraries. */
/* See if a symbol name is a reference to the global offset table. */
#ifndef GOT_REF_PREFIX
#define GOT_REF_PREFIX "__GOT_"
#endif
#define IS_GOT_SYM(name) \
(strncmp (name, GOT_REF_PREFIX, sizeof GOT_REF_PREFIX - 1) == 0)
/* See if a symbol name is a reference to the procedure linkage table. */
#ifndef PLT_REF_PREFIX
#define PLT_REF_PREFIX "__PLT_"
#endif
#define IS_PLT_SYM(name) \
(strncmp (name, PLT_REF_PREFIX, sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX - 1) == 0)
/* This string is used to generate specialized error messages. */
#ifndef NEEDS_SHRLIB
#define NEEDS_SHRLIB "__NEEDS_SHRLIB_"
#endif
/* This special symbol is a set vector that contains a list of
pointers to fixup tables. It will be present in any dynamically
linked file. The linker generated fixup table should also be added
to the list, and it should always appear in the second slot (the
first one is a dummy with a magic number that is defined in
crt0.o). */
#ifndef SHARABLE_CONFLICTS
#define SHARABLE_CONFLICTS "__SHARABLE_CONFLICTS__"
#endif
/* We keep a list of fixups. The terminology is a bit strange, but
each fixup contains two 32 bit numbers. A regular fixup contains
an address and a pointer, and at runtime we should store the
address at the location pointed to by the pointer. A builtin fixup
contains two pointers, and we should read the address using one
pointer and store it at the location pointed to by the other
pointer. Builtin fixups come into play when we have duplicate
__GOT__ symbols for the same variable. The builtin fixup will copy
the GOT pointer from one over into the other. */
struct fixup
{
struct fixup *next;
struct linux_link_hash_entry *h;
bfd_vma value;
/* Nonzero if this is a jump instruction that needs to be fixed,
zero if this is just a pointer */
char jump;
char builtin;
};
/* We don't need a special hash table entry structure, but we do need
to keep some information between linker passes, so we use a special
hash table. */
struct linux_link_hash_entry
{
struct aout_link_hash_entry root;
};
struct linux_link_hash_table
{
struct aout_link_hash_table root;
/* First dynamic object found in link. */
bfd *dynobj;
/* Number of fixups. */
size_t fixup_count;
/* Number of builtin fixups. */
size_t local_builtins;
/* List of fixups. */
struct fixup *fixup_list;
};
static struct bfd_hash_entry *linux_link_hash_newfunc
PARAMS ((struct bfd_hash_entry *, struct bfd_hash_table *, const char *));
static struct bfd_link_hash_table *linux_link_hash_table_create
PARAMS ((bfd *));
static struct fixup *new_fixup
PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *, struct linux_link_hash_entry *,
bfd_vma, int));
static bfd_boolean linux_link_create_dynamic_sections
PARAMS ((bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *));
static bfd_boolean linux_add_one_symbol
PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *, bfd *, const char *, flagword, asection *,
bfd_vma, const char *, bfd_boolean, bfd_boolean,
struct bfd_link_hash_entry **));
static bfd_boolean linux_tally_symbols
PARAMS ((struct linux_link_hash_entry *, PTR));
static bfd_boolean linux_finish_dynamic_link
PARAMS ((bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *));
/* Routine to create an entry in an Linux link hash table. */
static struct bfd_hash_entry *
linux_link_hash_newfunc (entry, table, string)
struct bfd_hash_entry *entry;
struct bfd_hash_table *table;
const char *string;
{
struct linux_link_hash_entry *ret = (struct linux_link_hash_entry *) entry;
/* Allocate the structure if it has not already been allocated by a
subclass. */
if (ret == (struct linux_link_hash_entry *) NULL)
ret = ((struct linux_link_hash_entry *)
bfd_hash_allocate (table, sizeof (struct linux_link_hash_entry)));
if (ret == NULL)
return (struct bfd_hash_entry *) ret;
/* Call the allocation method of the superclass. */
ret = ((struct linux_link_hash_entry *)
NAME(aout,link_hash_newfunc) ((struct bfd_hash_entry *) ret,
table, string));
if (ret != NULL)
{
/* Set local fields; there aren't any. */
}
return (struct bfd_hash_entry *) ret;
}
/* Create a Linux link hash table. */
static struct bfd_link_hash_table *
linux_link_hash_table_create (abfd)
bfd *abfd;
{
struct linux_link_hash_table *ret;
bfd_size_type amt = sizeof (struct linux_link_hash_table);
ret = (struct linux_link_hash_table *) bfd_alloc (abfd, amt);
if (ret == (struct linux_link_hash_table *) NULL)
return (struct bfd_link_hash_table *) NULL;
if (!NAME(aout,link_hash_table_init) (&ret->root, abfd,
linux_link_hash_newfunc,
sizeof (struct linux_link_hash_entry)))
{
free (ret);
return (struct bfd_link_hash_table *) NULL;
}
ret->dynobj = NULL;
ret->fixup_count = 0;
ret->local_builtins = 0;
ret->fixup_list = NULL;
return &ret->root.root;
}
/* Look up an entry in a Linux link hash table. */
#define linux_link_hash_lookup(table, string, create, copy, follow) \
((struct linux_link_hash_entry *) \
aout_link_hash_lookup (&(table)->root, (string), (create), (copy),\
(follow)))
/* Traverse a Linux link hash table. */
#define linux_link_hash_traverse(table, func, info) \
(aout_link_hash_traverse \
(&(table)->root, \
(bfd_boolean (*) PARAMS ((struct aout_link_hash_entry *, PTR))) (func), \
(info)))
/* Get the Linux link hash table from the info structure. This is
just a cast. */
#define linux_hash_table(p) ((struct linux_link_hash_table *) ((p)->hash))
/* Store the information for a new fixup. */
static struct fixup *
new_fixup (info, h, value, builtin)
struct bfd_link_info *info;
struct linux_link_hash_entry *h;
bfd_vma value;
int builtin;
{
struct fixup *f;
f = (struct fixup *) bfd_hash_allocate (&info->hash->table,
sizeof (struct fixup));
if (f == NULL)
return f;
f->next = linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_list;
linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_list = f;
f->h = h;
f->value = value;
f->builtin = builtin;
f->jump = 0;
++linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_count;
return f;
}
/* We come here once we realize that we are going to link to a shared
library. We need to create a special section that contains the
fixup table, and we ultimately need to add a pointer to this into
the set vector for SHARABLE_CONFLICTS. At this point we do not
know the size of the section, but that's OK - we just need to
create it for now. */
static bfd_boolean
linux_link_create_dynamic_sections (abfd, info)
bfd *abfd;
struct bfd_link_info *info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
flagword flags;
register asection *s;
/* Note that we set the SEC_IN_MEMORY flag. */
flags = SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_IN_MEMORY;
/* We choose to use the name ".linux-dynamic" for the fixup table.
Why not? */
s = bfd_make_section (abfd, ".linux-dynamic");
if (s == NULL
|| ! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, s, flags)
|| ! bfd_set_section_alignment (abfd, s, 2))
return FALSE;
s->size = 0;
s->contents = 0;
return TRUE;
}
/* Function to add a single symbol to the linker hash table. This is
a wrapper around _bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol which handles the
tweaking needed for dynamic linking support. */
static bfd_boolean
linux_add_one_symbol (info, abfd, name, flags, section, value, string,
copy, collect, hashp)
struct bfd_link_info *info;
bfd *abfd;
const char *name;
flagword flags;
asection *section;
bfd_vma value;
const char *string;
bfd_boolean copy;
bfd_boolean collect;
struct bfd_link_hash_entry **hashp;
{
struct linux_link_hash_entry *h;
bfd_boolean insert;
/* Look up and see if we already have this symbol in the hash table.
If we do, and the defining entry is from a shared library, we
need to create the dynamic sections.
FIXME: What if abfd->xvec != info->hash->creator? We may want to
be able to link Linux a.out and ELF objects together, but serious
confusion is possible. */
insert = FALSE;
if (! info->relocatable
&& linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj == NULL
&& strcmp (name, SHARABLE_CONFLICTS) == 0
&& (flags & BSF_CONSTRUCTOR) != 0
&& abfd->xvec == info->hash->creator)
{
if (! linux_link_create_dynamic_sections (abfd, info))
return FALSE;
linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj = abfd;
insert = TRUE;
}
if (bfd_is_abs_section (section)
&& abfd->xvec == info->hash->creator)
{
h = linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info), name, FALSE,
FALSE, FALSE);
if (h != NULL
&& (h->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
|| h->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak))
{
struct fixup *f;
if (hashp != NULL)
*hashp = (struct bfd_link_hash_entry *) h;
f = new_fixup (info, h, value, ! IS_PLT_SYM (name));
if (f == NULL)
return FALSE;
f->jump = IS_PLT_SYM (name);
return TRUE;
}
}
/* Do the usual procedure for adding a symbol. */
if (! _bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol (info, abfd, name, flags, section,
value, string, copy, collect,
hashp))
return FALSE;
/* Insert a pointer to our table in the set vector. The dynamic
linker requires this information */
if (insert)
{
asection *s;
/* Here we do our special thing to add the pointer to the
dynamic section in the SHARABLE_CONFLICTS set vector. */
s = bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj,
".linux-dynamic");
BFD_ASSERT (s != NULL);
if (! (_bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol
(info, linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj, SHARABLE_CONFLICTS,
BSF_GLOBAL | BSF_CONSTRUCTOR, s, (bfd_vma) 0, NULL,
FALSE, FALSE, NULL)))
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
/* We will crawl the hash table and come here for every global symbol.
We will examine each entry and see if there are indications that we
need to add a fixup. There are two possible cases - one is where
you have duplicate definitions of PLT or GOT symbols - these will
have already been caught and added as "builtin" fixups. If we find
that the corresponding non PLT/GOT symbol is also present, we
convert it to a regular fixup instead.
This function is called via linux_link_hash_traverse. */
static bfd_boolean
linux_tally_symbols (h, data)
struct linux_link_hash_entry *h;
PTR data;
{
struct bfd_link_info *info = (struct bfd_link_info *) data;
struct fixup *f, *f1;
int is_plt;
struct linux_link_hash_entry *h1, *h2;
bfd_boolean exists;
if (h->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_warning)
h = (struct linux_link_hash_entry *) h->root.root.u.i.link;
if (h->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_undefined
&& strncmp (h->root.root.root.string, NEEDS_SHRLIB,
sizeof NEEDS_SHRLIB - 1) == 0)
{
const char *name;
char *p;
char *alloc = NULL;
name = h->root.root.root.string + sizeof NEEDS_SHRLIB - 1;
p = strrchr (name, '_');
if (p != NULL)
alloc = (char *) bfd_malloc ((bfd_size_type) strlen (name) + 1);
if (p == NULL || alloc == NULL)
(*_bfd_error_handler) (_("Output file requires shared library `%s'\n"),
name);
else
{
strcpy (alloc, name);
p = strrchr (alloc, '_');
*p++ = '\0';
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("Output file requires shared library `%s.so.%s'\n"),
alloc, p);
free (alloc);
}
abort ();
}
/* If this symbol is not a PLT/GOT, we do not even need to look at it */
is_plt = IS_PLT_SYM (h->root.root.root.string);
if (is_plt || IS_GOT_SYM (h->root.root.root.string))
{
/* Look up this symbol twice. Once just as a regular lookup,
and then again following all of the indirect links until we
reach a real symbol. */
h1 = linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info),
(h->root.root.root.string
+ sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX - 1),
FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
/* h2 does not follow indirect symbols. */
h2 = linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info),
(h->root.root.root.string
+ sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX - 1),
FALSE, FALSE, FALSE);
/* The real symbol must exist but if it is also an ABS symbol,
there is no need to have a fixup. This is because they both
came from the same library. If on the other hand, we had to
use an indirect symbol to get to the real symbol, we add the
fixup anyway, since there are cases where these symbols come
from different shared libraries */
if (h1 != NULL
&& (((h1->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
|| h1->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
&& ! bfd_is_abs_section (h1->root.root.u.def.section))
|| h2->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_indirect))
{
/* See if there is a "builtin" fixup already present
involving this symbol. If so, convert it to a regular
fixup. In the end, this relaxes some of the requirements
about the order of performing fixups. */
exists = FALSE;
for (f1 = linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_list;
f1 != NULL;
f1 = f1->next)
{
if ((f1->h != h && f1->h != h1)
|| (! f1->builtin && ! f1->jump))
continue;
if (f1->h == h1)
exists = TRUE;
if (! exists
&& bfd_is_abs_section (h->root.root.u.def.section))
{
f = new_fixup (info, h1, f1->h->root.root.u.def.value, 0);
f->jump = is_plt;
}
f1->h = h1;
f1->jump = is_plt;
f1->builtin = 0;
exists = TRUE;
}
if (! exists
&& bfd_is_abs_section (h->root.root.u.def.section))
{
f = new_fixup (info, h1, h->root.root.u.def.value, 0);
if (f == NULL)
{
/* FIXME: No way to return error. */
abort ();
}
f->jump = is_plt;
}
}
/* Quick and dirty way of stripping these symbols from the
symtab. */
if (bfd_is_abs_section (h->root.root.u.def.section))
h->root.written = TRUE;
}
return TRUE;
}
/* This is called to set the size of the .linux-dynamic section is.
It is called by the Linux linker emulation before_allocation
routine. We have finished reading all of the input files, and now
we just scan the hash tables to find out how many additional fixups
are required. */
bfd_boolean
bfd_i386linux_size_dynamic_sections (output_bfd, info)
bfd *output_bfd;
struct bfd_link_info *info;
{
struct fixup *f;
asection *s;
if (output_bfd->xvec != &MY(vec))
return TRUE;
/* First find the fixups... */
linux_link_hash_traverse (linux_hash_table (info),
linux_tally_symbols,
(PTR) info);
/* If there are builtin fixups, leave room for a marker. This is
used by the dynamic linker so that it knows that all that follow
are builtin fixups instead of regular fixups. */
for (f = linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_list; f != NULL; f = f->next)
{
if (f->builtin)
{
++linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_count;
++linux_hash_table (info)->local_builtins;
break;
}
}
if (linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj == NULL)
{
if (linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_count > 0)
abort ();
return TRUE;
}
/* Allocate memory for our fixup table. We will fill it in later. */
s = bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj,
".linux-dynamic");
if (s != NULL)
{
s->size = linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_count + 1;
s->size *= 8;
s->contents = (bfd_byte *) bfd_zalloc (output_bfd, s->size);
if (s->contents == NULL)
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
/* We come here once we are ready to actually write the fixup table to
the output file. Scan the fixup tables and so forth and generate
the stuff we need. */
static bfd_boolean
linux_finish_dynamic_link (output_bfd, info)
bfd *output_bfd;
struct bfd_link_info *info;
{
asection *s, *os, *is;
bfd_byte *fixup_table;
struct linux_link_hash_entry *h;
struct fixup *f;
unsigned int new_addr;
int section_offset;
unsigned int fixups_written;
if (linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj == NULL)
return TRUE;
s = bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info)->dynobj,
".linux-dynamic");
BFD_ASSERT (s != NULL);
os = s->output_section;
fixups_written = 0;
#ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
printf ("Fixup table file offset: %x VMA: %x\n",
os->filepos + s->output_offset,
os->vma + s->output_offset);
#endif
fixup_table = s->contents;
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd,
(bfd_vma) linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_count, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
/* Fill in fixup table. */
for (f = linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_list; f != NULL; f = f->next)
{
if (f->builtin)
continue;
if (f->h->root.root.type != bfd_link_hash_defined
&& f->h->root.root.type != bfd_link_hash_defweak)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("Symbol %s not defined for fixups\n"),
f->h->root.root.root.string);
continue;
}
is = f->h->root.root.u.def.section;
section_offset = is->output_section->vma + is->output_offset;
new_addr = f->h->root.root.u.def.value + section_offset;
#ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
printf ("Fixup(%d) %s: %x %x\n",f->jump, f->h->root.root.string,
new_addr, f->value);
#endif
if (f->jump)
{
/* Relative address */
new_addr = new_addr - (f->value + 5);
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) new_addr, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, f->value + 1, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
}
else
{
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) new_addr, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, f->value, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
}
++fixups_written;
}
if (linux_hash_table (info)->local_builtins != 0)
{
/* Special marker so we know to switch to the other type of fixup */
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) 0, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) 0, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
++fixups_written;
for (f = linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_list; f != NULL; f = f->next)
{
if (! f->builtin)
continue;
if (f->h->root.root.type != bfd_link_hash_defined
&& f->h->root.root.type != bfd_link_hash_defweak)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("Symbol %s not defined for fixups\n"),
f->h->root.root.root.string);
continue;
}
is = f->h->root.root.u.def.section;
section_offset = is->output_section->vma + is->output_offset;
new_addr = f->h->root.root.u.def.value + section_offset;
#ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
printf ("Fixup(B) %s: %x %x\n", f->h->root.root.string,
new_addr, f->value);
#endif
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) new_addr, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, f->value, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
++fixups_written;
}
}
if (linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_count != fixups_written)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler) (_("Warning: fixup count mismatch\n"));
while (linux_hash_table (info)->fixup_count > fixups_written)
{
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) 0, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) 0, fixup_table);
fixup_table += 4;
++fixups_written;
}
}
h = linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info),
"__BUILTIN_FIXUPS__",
FALSE, FALSE, FALSE);
if (h != NULL
&& (h->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
|| h->root.root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak))
{
is = h->root.root.u.def.section;
section_offset = is->output_section->vma + is->output_offset;
new_addr = h->root.root.u.def.value + section_offset;
#ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
printf ("Builtin fixup table at %x\n", new_addr);
#endif
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) new_addr, fixup_table);
}
else
bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, (bfd_vma) 0, fixup_table);
if (bfd_seek (output_bfd, (file_ptr) (os->filepos + s->output_offset),
SEEK_SET) != 0)
return FALSE;
if (bfd_bwrite ((PTR) s->contents, s->size, output_bfd) != s->size)
return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
#define MY_bfd_link_hash_table_create linux_link_hash_table_create
#define MY_add_one_symbol linux_add_one_symbol
#define MY_finish_dynamic_link linux_finish_dynamic_link
#define MY_zmagic_contiguous 1
#include "aout-target.h"
``` |
The regional Government of Extremadura () is the group of institutions ruling the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura.
Structure
It is headed by the President of the Regional Government of Extremadura, a position currently held by María Guardiola of the People's Party. It's legislative branch is the unicameral Assembly of Extremadura. Executive functions are performed by seven ministries (Consejerías).
The Board of Extremadura comprises the President, Vice President or Vice Presidents and regional ministers. Each minister is in charge of one Ministry and is freely appointed and dismissed by the President, reporting to the Assembly.
Function
In accordance with the President's general guidelines, the government establishes policy and directs the administration of the Autonomous Region, exercising it's executive and regulatory powers under the Spanish Constitution and the Statute of Extremadura. Their headquarters are in Mérida, capital of Extremadura, in accordance with Article 5 of the Statute of Autonomy.
References
1999 establishments in Spain |
Lepajan is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Antônio Brescovit in 1993. it contains only two species.
References
Anyphaenidae
Araneomorphae genera
Spiders of Central America
Spiders of South America
Taxa named by Antônio Brescovit |
```html
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Invoking G++ - Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="up" href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" title="Invoking GCC">
<link rel="prev" href="Overall-Options.html#Overall-Options" title="Overall Options">
<link rel="next" href="C-Dialect-Options.html#C-Dialect-Options" title="C Dialect Options">
<link href="path_to_url" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``Funding Free Software'', the Front-Cover
Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
(see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
A GNU Manual
(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
funds for GNU development.-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="node">
<p>
<a name="Invoking-G++"></a>
<a name="Invoking-G_002b_002b"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="C-Dialect-Options.html#C-Dialect-Options">C Dialect Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Overall-Options.html#Overall-Options">Overall Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC">Invoking GCC</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.3 Compiling C++ Programs</h3>
<p><a name="index-suffixes-for-C_002b_002b-source-97"></a><a name="index-C_002b_002b-source-file-suffixes-98"></a>C++ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes `<samp><span class="samp">.C</span></samp>',
`<samp><span class="samp">.cc</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.cpp</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.CPP</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.c++</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.cp</span></samp>', or
`<samp><span class="samp">.cxx</span></samp>'; C++ header files often use `<samp><span class="samp">.hh</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.hpp</span></samp>',
`<samp><span class="samp">.H</span></samp>', or (for shared template code) `<samp><span class="samp">.tcc</span></samp>'; and
preprocessed C++ files use the suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.ii</span></samp>'. GCC recognizes
files with these names and compiles them as C++ programs even if you
call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually
with the name <samp><span class="command">gcc</span></samp>).
<p><a name="index-g_002b_002b-99"></a><a name="index-c_002b_002b-100"></a>However, the use of <samp><span class="command">gcc</span></samp> does not add the C++ library.
<samp><span class="command">g++</span></samp> is a program that calls GCC and automatically specifies linking
against the C++ library. It treats `<samp><span class="samp">.c</span></samp>',
`<samp><span class="samp">.h</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">.i</span></samp>' files as C++ source files instead of C source
files unless <samp><span class="option">-x</span></samp> is used. This program is also useful when
precompiling a C header file with a `<samp><span class="samp">.h</span></samp>' extension for use in C++
compilations. On many systems, <samp><span class="command">g++</span></samp> is also installed with
the name <samp><span class="command">c++</span></samp>.
<p><a name="index-invoking-_0040command_007bg_002b_002b_007d-101"></a>When you compile C++ programs, you may specify many of the same
command-line options that you use for compiling programs in any
language; or command-line options meaningful for C and related
languages; or options that are meaningful only for C++ programs.
See <a href="C-Dialect-Options.html#C-Dialect-Options">Options Controlling C Dialect</a>, for
explanations of options for languages related to C.
See <a href="C_002b_002b-Dialect-Options.html#C_002b_002b-Dialect-Options">Options Controlling C++ Dialect</a>, for
explanations of options that are meaningful only for C++ programs.
</body></html>
``` |
Ken McCormack (born 18 January 1933) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
Living people
1933 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Sydney Swans players |
Maurice Zimring (June 19, 1909 – November 17, 2005), known as Maurice Zimm, was an American radio, television and film writer, whose most famous creation was the Creature from the Black Lagoon. The son of Jewish immigrants who settled in Iowa shortly after the turn of the century, Zimring moved to Los Angeles in the 1930s, and wrote for such mystery and drama radio series as Hollywood Star Playhouse and Murder By Experts under the pen name of Maurice Zimm.
Life and career
Born in Waterloo, Iowa, United States, Zimm's career transitioned to film when Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios bought his radio script, "A Question Of Time", to be adapted into the 1953 Barbara Stanwyck film, Jeopardy (also released under the title A Woman in Jeopardy). Zimring’s next project was developing the storyline for Creature from the Black Lagoon for producer William Alland. Alland had been developing an idea about a half-man/half-fish creature, after being told of such a legendary creature by the Mexican cinematographer Gabriel Figureoa, at a dinner party at Orson Welles' home. Zimm produced a 59-page story treatment, which was developed into a screenplay by Harry Essex and Arthur A. Rose.
In 1955, Zimm worked on an early draft of the adaptation of the Tom Lea western novel, The Wonderful Country, although he would receive no credit when the film was eventually released in 1959. Later that year, Zimm received his first full screenplay credit for the Biblical epic The Prodigal starring Lana Turner. He followed this up with penning the noir Affair in Havana (1957) which starred John Cassavetes and Raymond Burr. Zimm's final film was the 1959 western Good Day for a Hanging featuring Fred MacMurray.
Zimm also wrote for television, contributing an episode to the mystery anthology series The Web and serving as a staff writer for Perry Mason.
In 1960, Zimm left the film business and relocated to Hilo, Hawaii, where he created a real estate development, joined the Big Island Press Club, and served as an administrator for Peace Corps training and for the University of Hawaii's East West Center. He spent most of the rest of his life in Hawaii, continuing to write and stage plays such as The Trial of Lili'uokalani, based substantially on transcripts of the 1895 military trial of the queen.
Zimm died in Los Angeles, California, on November 17, 2005. He had suffered a head injury in 1994, and spent much of his remaining years shuttling between Hilo and California, ultimately living in a retirement facility in Westwood, Los Angeles, California.
He was the older brother of the William Morris Agency agent Mike Zimring (agent for, among others, Karl Malden, Katharine Hepburn, and Herbert Lom). His son is the University of California criminologist Franklin E. Zimring; grandsons include the comedian Dan Lewis and environmental historian Carl A. Zimring.
On June 19, 2009, the Palace Theater in Hilo celebrated Zimring's one-hundredth birthday by showing Jeopardy, Creature from the Black Lagoon, and The Prodigal.
References
External links
1909 births
2005 deaths
Writers from Waterloo, Iowa
Jewish American writers
American male screenwriters
Screenwriters from Iowa
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews |
Karena Evans (born December 17, 1995) is a Canadian director and actress. She garnered recognition for directing the music videos for Drake's 2018 Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles, "God's Plan", "Nice for What", and "In My Feelings". Evans won the 2018 Much Music Video Award for Best Director and became the first woman to receive the Prism Prize's Lipsett Award for music video direction.
Evans has acted in the television series Mary Kills People and had a starring role in the 2018 indie film Firecrackers, which premiered at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival. In 2020, Evans directed the premiere episode for the Starz drama series P-Valley. She directed an episode of the fourth season of the FX crime drama Snowfall, and she directed the first two episodes of the HBO Max Gossip Girl reboot.
Career
Directing
Evans began her career in the music industry as an intern for Director X. She was eventually signed as a director to his music video production company, Popprok. Since then, Evans has directed music videos for numerous artists, including Belly and Sean Paul. She has also directed commercials for Nike, Inc., including a Black Lives Matter short for the brand.
Evans garnered attention in early 2018 when she directed the music video for Drake's single "God's Plan"; the video went viral and the song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The video depicts Drake donating his $1 million production budget to the people of Miami. Evans subsequently directed his "Nice for What" music video, which garnered critical acclaim from several publications. Evans referred to the video as a "celebration of women", as the video featured iconic female stars such as Olivia Wilde and Issa Rae. Vogue lauded Evans as "surely destined to be the starriest young video director in the firmament". Later that year, she became the first woman to win the Prism Prize's Lipsett Award for music video direction. That year, Director X posted a congratulations to Evans with this caption:"@karenaevans started as an intern. She stayed longer worked harder than everyone else. From intern to director at my company. Last year grinding on low budget jobs giving big budget results. This year she’s directed @champagnepapi God’s Plan & the new single Nice For What. When work ethic is matched by talent. Big up the team @popp_rok for pulling this wide ranging job off. Here’s some bts footage for all y’all 🙌🏽 (feel like a Dad video taping his daughter at a recital when ever I come to set)"In May 2018, SZA released a music video featuring Donald Glover for her song "Garden (Say It Like That)", which was directed by Evans. Evans signed with WME later that month. That summer, she also directed the music videos for Drake's singles "I'm Upset" and "In My Feelings".
In late 2018, Evans earned Much Music Video Award and MTV Video Music Award nominations for her work on Drake's videos. She ultimately won Best Director at the 2018 iHeartRadio MMVAs for her work on "God's Plan". In 2020, Evans was placed on BET's "Future 40" list, which is a list of “40 of the most inspiring and innovative vanguards who are redefining what it means to be unapologetically young, gifted, and black”.
Acting
As an actress, Evans began her career in 2016 with a role in a short film called WhiteWoods. In 2018, she starred in two feature films, Michael Sucsy's Every Day and Jasmin Mozaffari's Firecrackers, opposite Michaela Kurimsky, the latter of which premiered at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival. That same year, she also performed a recurring role in the Canadian television series Mary Kills People.
Influences
Evans is the younger sister of Jordan Evans, a producer who has worked with several successful artists, and was inspired by him to pursue her passion. Evans has stated that she is heavily influenced by Melina Matsoukas, whom she called her "hero" in an interview with Billboard. Evans hopes to be an inspiration for other young black women from her hometown of Toronto.
Filmography
Film
TV
Music videos
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
Canadian music video directors
21st-century Canadian actresses
Actresses from Toronto
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Black Canadian writers
Black Canadian actresses
Writers from Toronto
Black Canadian women writers |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of Apple Computer, Inc. ("Apple") nor the names of
* its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef TaskSynchronizer_h
#define TaskSynchronizer_h
#include "platform/PlatformExport.h"
#include "wtf/Noncopyable.h"
#include "wtf/Threading.h"
#include "wtf/ThreadingPrimitives.h"
namespace blink {
// TaskSynchronizer can be used to wait for task completion.
class PLATFORM_EXPORT TaskSynchronizer {
WTF_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(TaskSynchronizer);
public:
TaskSynchronizer();
// Called from a thread that waits for the task completion.
void waitForTaskCompletion();
// Called from a thread that executes the task.
void taskCompleted();
private:
void waitForTaskCompletionInternal();
bool m_taskCompleted;
Mutex m_synchronousMutex;
ThreadCondition m_synchronousCondition;
};
} // namespace blink
#endif // TaskSynchronizer_h
``` |
Kayuyu is a settlement in Maniema province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Location
Kayuyu is in the Pangi Territory of Maniema province.
Kayuyu is capital of the Wakabango 2 sector. It is from Kindu.
Pangi Territory is mostly occupied only by Lega people.
In May 1999 a Mai-Mai resistance force including Lega groups from Kayuyu, Kampene and other towns threatened Kindu.
The Köppen climate classification is Aw : Tropical savanna, wet.
Pangi territory has a subequatorial climate characterized by the alternation of two seasons.
The rainy season lasts from the end of September to the end of July, and the dry season from the end of July to the end of September.
Temperature varies between .
In March 2021 a citizens' group accused the head of Wakabango 2 of selling state land in Kayuyu to private citizens.
He denied the charges.
Roads
The RN31 highway runs from Kindu to the north through the town to Kasongo to the south.
It is joined in the town by the RS1122 highway from Kampene to the east.
Kampene is a center for informal artisanal gold mining.
The Kayuyu–Kampene road often floods during the rainy season and prevents villagers reaching markets and health facilities.
On 3 May 2013 the Comité de développement Ibaibawub de Kavula (Codibakav) launched a four-month program to rehabilitate the road between Kampene and Kayuyu.
This would help transport of food between the villages along the road.
Notes
Sources
Populated places in Maniema |
```xml
import { G2Spec } from '../../../src';
import { LEGEND_ITEMS_CLASS_NAME } from '../../../src/interaction/legendFilter';
import { step } from './utils';
export function changeSizePolarCrosshairsXYNoElements(): G2Spec {
const data = [
{ item: 'Design', type: 'a', score: 70 },
{ item: 'Design', type: 'b', score: 30 },
{ item: 'Development', type: 'a', score: 60 },
{ item: 'Development', type: 'b', score: 70 },
{ item: 'Marketing', type: 'a', score: 50 },
{ item: 'Marketing', type: 'b', score: 60 },
{ item: 'Users', type: 'a', score: 40 },
{ item: 'Users', type: 'b', score: 50 },
{ item: 'Test', type: 'a', score: 60 },
{ item: 'Test', type: 'b', score: 70 },
{ item: 'Language', type: 'a', score: 70 },
{ item: 'Language', type: 'b', score: 50 },
{ item: 'Technology', type: 'a', score: 50 },
{ item: 'Technology', type: 'b', score: 40 },
{ item: 'Support', type: 'a', score: 30 },
{ item: 'Support', type: 'b', score: 40 },
{ item: 'Sales', type: 'a', score: 60 },
{ item: 'Sales', type: 'b', score: 40 },
{ item: 'UX', type: 'a', score: 50 },
{ item: 'UX', type: 'b', score: 60 },
];
return {
type: 'view',
coordinate: {
type: 'polar',
},
scale: {
x: { padding: 0.5, align: 0 },
y: { tickCount: 5, domainMax: 80 },
},
autoFit: true,
data,
interaction: {
elementPointMove: true,
tooltip: {
crosshairs: true,
crosshairsStroke: 'red',
crosshairsLineDash: [4, 4],
},
},
axis: {
x: {
grid: true,
gridStrokeWidth: 1,
tick: false,
gridLineDash: [0, 0],
},
y: {
zIndex: 1,
title: false,
gridConnect: 'line',
gridStrokeWidth: 1,
gridLineDash: [0, 0],
},
},
children: [
{
type: 'area',
encode: {
x: 'item',
y: 'score',
color: 'type',
key: 'type',
},
style: {
fillOpacity: 0.5,
},
},
{
type: 'line',
encode: {
x: 'item',
y: 'score',
color: 'type',
key: 'type',
},
style: {
lineWidth: 2,
},
},
],
};
}
changeSizePolarCrosshairsXYNoElements.steps = ({ canvas }) => {
const { document } = canvas;
const elements = document.getElementsByClassName(LEGEND_ITEMS_CLASS_NAME);
const [e0, e1] = elements;
return [
step(e0, 'click'),
step(e0, 'click'),
step(e1, 'click'),
step(e0, 'click'),
];
};
``` |
Hiram Barber Jr. (March 24, 1835 – August 5, 1924) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born in Queensbury, New York, Barber moved to Horicon, Wisconsin in 1846. He attended the University of Wisconsin. He studied law in Albany, New York. He was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice at Juneau, Wisconsin. He served as prosecuting attorney of Jefferson County, Wisconsin in 1861 and 1862. He served as assistant attorney general of Wisconsin in 1865 and 1866. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, and resumed the practice of law in 1866.
Barber was elected as a Republican to the Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1880. He was receiver of the land office at Mitchell, South Dakota from 1881 to 1888. He returned to Chicago and continued the practice of law. He served as master in chancery of the Cook County Superior Court from 1891 to 1914. He retired from public life and active business pursuits. He died at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, and was interred in Juneau Cemetery, Juneau, Wisconsin. His father was the politician and pioneer Hiram Barber.
Notes
References
1835 births
1924 deaths
People from Queensbury, New York
People from Horicon, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Illinois state court judges
Politicians from Chicago
Dakota Territory officials
Lawyers from Chicago
Wisconsin lawyers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois
South Dakota Republicans
People from Juneau, Wisconsin
19th-century American lawyers |
```xml
import * as useSubscriptionModule from '@proton/account/subscription/hooks';
import type { SubscriptionModel } from '@proton/shared/lib/interfaces';
import { buildSubscription } from '../builders';
export const mockUseSubscription = (value: [Partial<SubscriptionModel>?, boolean?] = []) => {
const [subscription, cached = false] = value;
const mockedUseSubscription = jest.spyOn(useSubscriptionModule, 'useSubscription');
mockedUseSubscription.mockReturnValue([buildSubscription(subscription), Boolean(cached)]);
return mockedUseSubscription;
};
``` |
Sun Huanhuan (; born 15 March 1990) is a Chinese female racewalking athlete who competes in the 20 kilometres race walk event. She received a silver medal retroactively at the World Championships in Athletics in 2013 after the original gold and silver medallists were disqualified for doping.
She first began competing in 2007 but it was not until 2013 that she received her first international call-up. A member of the People's Army, she entered her first international event at the Taicang leg of the 2013 IAAF Race Walking Challenge. She surprised by winning the competition, beating Olympic medallist Qieyang Shenjie among others. Two months later she competed at the 2013 Chinese National Games, but could only managed fifth in a quick contest (Lü Xiuzhi was the winner).
At the 2013 World Championships in Athletics she placed fourth behind compatriot Liu Hong. The runner-up, Anisya Kirdyapkina was disqualified for doping and had her silver medal stripped in 2019. The winner, Russia's Elena Lashmanova was disqualified for doping in 2014, but her medal stood until it was disqualified by the Athletics Integrity Unit in 2021 when Sun was upgraded to silver. Sun was part of China's silver medal-winning team at the 2014 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, taking 20th individually. She missed national selection in 2015 and 2016, with her most notable result in the period being third in Taicang on the 2015 IAAF Race Walking Challenge.
International competitions
References
External links
Living people
1990 births
Chinese female racewalkers
World Athletics Championships athletes for China |
```java
/*
* code is released under a tri EPL/GPL/LGPL license. You can use it,
* redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the:
*
*/
package org.truffleruby.collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
public final class BoundaryIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
private final Iterator<E> iterator;
public BoundaryIterator(Iterator<E> iterator) {
this.iterator = iterator;
}
@TruffleBoundary
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return iterator.hasNext();
}
@TruffleBoundary
@Override
public E next() {
return iterator.next();
}
@TruffleBoundary
@Override
public void remove() {
iterator.remove();
}
}
``` |
Parapoynx votalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Sri Lanka.
References
Acentropinae
Moths described in 1859 |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
/* eslint-disable no-underscore-dangle */
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var logger = require( 'debug' );
var isString = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-string' ).isPrimitive;
var hasOwnProp = require( '@stdlib/assert/has-own-property' );
var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
// VARIABLES //
var debug = logger( 'repl:command:assignfrom' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Returns a callback to be invoked upon calling the `assignfrom` command.
*
* @private
* @param {REPL} repl - REPL instance
* @returns {Function} callback
*/
function command( repl ) {
return onCommand;
/**
* Reads a value from a specified workspace.
*
* @private
* @param {string} workspace - workspace name
* @param {(string|symbol)} variable - variable name
* @returns {*} assigned value
*/
function onCommand( workspace, variable ) {
var list;
var desc;
var err;
var i;
if ( !isString( workspace ) ) {
err = new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. First argument must be a string. Value: `%s`.', workspace ) );
debug( 'Error: %s', err.message );
repl._ostream.write( 'Error: '+err.message+'\n' );
return;
}
if ( workspace === repl._currentWorkspace ) {
return repl._context[ variable ];
}
if ( !hasOwnProp( repl._workspaces, workspace ) ) {
err = new Error( format( 'invalid argument. Unrecognized workspace name. Value: `%s`.', workspace ) );
debug( 'Error: %s', err.message );
repl._ostream.write( 'Error: '+err.message+'\n' );
return;
}
list = repl._workspaces[ workspace ];
for ( i = 0; i < list.length; i += 2 ) {
if ( list[ i ] === variable ) {
desc = list[ i+1 ];
// Check if descriptor is an accessor descriptor:
if ( hasOwnProp( desc, 'get' ) ) {
// WARNING: the `this` context is not defined, as the variable is not actually bound to a global instance!
return desc.get.call( null );
}
// Check if the descriptor is a data descriptor:
if ( hasOwnProp( desc, 'value' ) ) {
return desc.value;
}
// Variable must be write-only:
err = new Error( format( 'invalid operation. Cannot read from write-only variable `%s`.', variable ) );
debug( 'Error: %s', err.message );
repl._ostream.write( 'Error: '+err.message+'\n' );
return;
}
}
}
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = command;
``` |
Mildlife are a Melbourne based, Australian psychedelic jazz fusion group formed in 2013. The group have released two albums. Their second peaked at number 8 on the ARIA Charts in October 2020.
Discography
Albums
Live albums
Extended plays
Singles
Awards and nominations
AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (known colloquially as the AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector.
!
|-
| 2021
| Automatic
| rowspan="2" | Best Independent Jazz Album or EP
|
|
|-
| 2023
| Live from South Channel Island
|
|
|}
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual ceremony presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.
!
|-
| 2021
| Automatic
| rowspan="2" | Best Jazz Album ||
|
|-
| 2022
| Live from South Channel Island
|
|
Music Victoria Awards
The Music Victoria Awards, are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music. The commenced in 2005.
!
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2018
| Mildlife
| Breakthrough Act of 2018
|
|rowspan="3"|
|-
| Phase
| Best Soul, Funk, R'n'B and Gospel Album
|
|-
| Mildlife
| Best Electronic Act
|
|-
| 2019
| Mildlife
| Best Electronic Act
|
|
|-
| 2020
| "Rare Air"
| Best Victorian Song
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2021
| Mildlife
| Best Group
|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
| Mildlife
| Best Live Act
|
|-
National Live Music Awards
The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) commenced in 2016 to recognise contributions to the live music industry in Australia.
!
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2023
| Mildlife
| Best Jazz Act
|
| rowspan="1" |
References
2016 establishments in Australia
ARIA Award winners
Australian indie rock groups
Heavenly Recordings artists
Musical groups established in 2016 |
```markdown
# My First Interactive Python Game```
```markdown
## Word Raider```
```markdown
We start by importing the `random` library to use later on.```
```python
import random
```
```markdown
### Define initial variables```
```python
game_title = "Word Raider"
```
```python
# Set up the list of words to choose from
word_bank = []
```
```markdown
### Open file for loading in the word bank```
```python
with open("words.txt") as word_file:
for line in word_file:
word_bank.append(line.rstrip().lower())
```
```markdown
### Select the word to guess```
```python
# Pick a random word from the list
word_to_guess = random.choice(word_bank)
```
```markdown
### Define the remaining game variables```
```python
# Set up the game variables
misplaced_guesses = []
incorrect_guesses = []
max_turns = 5
turns_taken = 0
```
```markdown
### Print the current game state```
```python
# Display the initial game state
print("Welcome to", game_title)
print("The word has", len(word_to_guess), "letters.")
print("You have", max_turns - turns_taken, "turns left.")
```
```markdown
### Build the game loop```
```python
while turns_taken < max_turns:
# Get the player's guess
guess = input("Guess a word: ").lower()
# Check if the guess length equals 5 letters and is all alpha letters
if len(guess) != len(word_to_guess) or not guess.isalpha():
print("Please enter 5-letter word.")
continue
# Check each letter in the guess against the word's letters
index = 0
for c in guess:
if c == word_to_guess[index]:
print(c, end=" ")
if c in misplaced_guesses:
misplaced_guesses.remove(c)
elif c in word_to_guess:
if c not in misplaced_guesses:
misplaced_guesses.append(c)
print("_", end=" ")
else:
if c not in incorrect_guesses:
incorrect_guesses.append(c)
print("_", end=" ")
index += 1
print("
")
print("Misplaced letters: ", misplaced_guesses)
print("Incorrect letters: ", incorrect_guesses)
turns_taken += 1
# Check if the player has won
if guess == word_to_guess:
print("Congratulations, you win!")
break
# Check if the player has lost
if turns_taken == max_turns:
print("Sorry, you lost. The word was", word_to_guess)
break
# Display the number of turns left and ask for another guess
print("You have", max_turns - turns_taken, "turns left.")
```
```python
``` |
```python
Built-in `list` methods
`date` object
Get more with `collections`!
Get the most of `float`s
Operations with `bytes` and `bytearray`
``` |
Lady Peng (彭夫人, personal name unknown) (died 938), formally Lady Shunxian of Qin (秦國順賢夫人, "the serene and wise lady"), was the wife of Ma Xifan, the third ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Chu.
Background
It is not known when Lady Peng was born. Her father Peng Gan (彭玕) had served as the prefect of Ji Prefecture (吉州, in modern Ji'an, Jiangxi), late in the Tang dynasty and early in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, under the warlord Wei Quanfeng, who then controlled four prefectures, including Ji, centered on Fu Prefecture (撫州, in modern Fuzhou, Jiangxi). In 909, when Wei was defeated and captured by the Wu general Zhou Ben, Zhou then followed up by attacking Ji. Peng Gan abandoned Ji and fled to Chu. Chu's prince Ma Yin, appreciating Peng for his faithfulness to Wei, made him the prefect of Chen Prefecture (郴州, in modern Chenzhou, Hunan). Either that year or later, he had his son Ma Xifan marry Lady Peng. (As Ma Xifan would have been just 10 years old in 909, the marriage likely came later.) (It is not known whether Ma Xifan's only known son—whose name was lost to history—was born of her or not.)
During Ma Xifan's reign
In 932, Ma Xifan's older brother Ma Xisheng, who was then the ruler of Chu, died. The Chu generals supported Ma Xifan as his successor. Lady Peng, as his wife, became the lady of the state, and was eventually created by Li Siyuan, the emperor of Later Tang (to whom Ma Xifan was formally a vassal), to be the Lady of Qin. It was said that Lady Peng was ugly in appearance, but capable in governing the household, and Ma Xifan was fearful and respectful of her. She died in 938. It was said that it was after her death that Ma became to overexert in entertainment and licentiousness, spending much of his nights drinking, leading to the beginning of Chu's decline.
Notes and references
Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 71.
Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 267, 281.
Ma Chu people
Later Tang people
938 deaths
Year of birth missing |
```java
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.flowable.dmn.model;
/**
* @author Yvo Swillens
*/
public class DmnElementReference {
protected String href;
public String getHref() {
return href;
}
public void setHref(String href) {
this.href = href;
}
/**
* helper method returning the href with the starting '#'
* @return
*/
public String getParsedId() {
if (href != null && href.length() > 1) {
return href.substring(1);
}
return null;
}
}
``` |
The SOECN (Sindicato de Obreros y Empleados Ceramistas de Neuquén) is a ceramist workers' union based in Neuquén province, Argentina. It is known for being one of the first unions in Argentina to employ a method of rank-and-file unionism, representing the workers of the FaSinPat cooperative.
Style of Unionism
SOECN was formed by the workers of the Zanon Ceramics factory in Neuquén in 2000. The SOECN employs a style of class-conscious unionism which seeks a political agenda beyond the workplace. The SOECN's constitution is grounded on three basic principles: worker's democracy, class autonomy, and internationalism and anti-imperialism. It employs a horizontal, minimally bureaucratic, and de-centralized form of organization. The SOECN's constitution affirms that "the working class has no borders", and that it opposes imperialist control over national resources and obstruction of national development.
References
Trade unions in Argentina
Ceramics and pottery trade unions
Trade unions established in 2000 |
Trojanus of Saintes (died c.530) was a sixth-century bishop of Saintes, in France. He is mentioned in semi-legendary terms by Gregory of Tours. He is identified with the author of a surviving letter to Eumerius of Nantes.
He is a Catholic saint, known also as Trojan and Troyen; his feast day is November 30.
References
William Smith, Henry Wace, A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines. Volume IV, article Trojanus, p. 1054.
Notes
6th-century Frankish bishops
Bishops of Saintes
530 deaths
6th-century Frankish saints
Year of birth unknown
6th-century Frankish writers
6th-century writers in Latin
Letter writers in Latin |
Experience Gloria Gaynor is the second album by Gloria Gaynor, released in 1975 on MGM Records. The album charted in the US Billboard at #64 in the US Pop chart, and at #32 in the US R&B chart. The album failed to chart in the UK, the single "How High The Moon" was issued in the UK and peaked at #33.
History
Side one of the album is dance-oriented, while side two is R&B/soul music oriented. Includes the hit singles; "Casanova Brown", "(If You Want It) Do It Yourself" and "How High the Moon" presented in a 19-minute suite by Tom Moulton. The soul music songs on side two of the album included a rendition of "What'll I Do", a well-received rendition of the Dionne Warwick hit "Walk On By" and an example of Gloria Gaynor's own songwriting called "I'm Still Yours".
The album was remastered and reissued with bonus tracks in 2010 by Big Break Records.
Track listing
Charts
Personnel
Gloria Gaynor – vocals
Allan Schwartzberg – drums
Bob Babbitt – bass guitar
Pat Rebillot – keyboards
Carlos Martin – congas
Jeff Miranov, Jerry Freidman, Lance Quinn – guitar
Jimmy Maelen – percussion
Alan Rubin, Pat Russo – trumpet
Wayne Andre, Dave Taylor – trombone
George Taylor, Lou Del Gatto – reeds
The Tony Posk Strings – strings
Linda November, Arlene Martell, Vivian Cherry – background vocals
Production
Meco Monardo – producer, arranger, vocal arrangements
Tony Bongiovi – producer, recording engineer
Jay Ellis – producer
Harold Wheeler – arranger
Andrew Smith – arranger
Tom Moulton – mixing
Michael DeLugg – recording engineer
Bob Halsall – recording engineer
Kim Stallings – recording engineer
Norman Seeff – photography
Peter Corriston – design
Bill Levy – art direction
References
External links
1975 albums
Gloria Gaynor albums
Albums produced by Tony Bongiovi
MGM Records albums |
The 2000 season was Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama's 102nd year in existence, the club's 85th season in existence of football, and the club's 30th season playing in the Brasileirão Série A, the top flight of Brazilian football.
Players
Squad information
As of 18 January 2001.
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Times from 1 January to 26 February 2000 and from 8 October to 31 December 2000 are UTC–2, from 27 February 2000 to 7 October 2000 UTC–3.
Brasileirão
League stage
League table
Results summary
Result round by round
Matches
Championship knockout phase
Copa do Brasil
Club World Championship
Club World Championship squad
Group stage
Final
Campeonato do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Taça Guanabara
Taça Rio de Janeiro
Championship phase
Copa Mercosur
Group stage
Group E
Knockout phase
Torneio Rio de Janeiro – São Paulo
Group stage
Group B
Knockout phase
Statistics
Squad appearances and goals
Last updated on 18 January 2001.
|-
! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Defenders
|-
! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Midfielders
|-
! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Forwards
|}
Notes
See also
2000 Club World Championship
2000 Torneio Rio de Janeiro – São Paulo
2000 Campeonato do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
2000 Copa do Brasil
2000 Brasileirão
2000 Copa Mercosur
References
CR Vasco da Gama
Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama seasons
Vasco da Gama |
Maipú Partido is a partido in the east-central part of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.
The provincial subdivision has a population of about 10,000 inhabitants in an area of , and its capital city is Maipú.
Economy
The economy of Maipú Partido is dominated by agriculture, the mainstays of the agricultural production being arable crops, cattle, and dairy products.
Settlements
Maipú (capital)
Las Armas
Monsalvo
Santo Domingo
Segurola
References
External links
1878 establishments in Argentina
Partidos of Buenos Aires Province |
Peperomia verschaffeltii is a species of plant in the genus Peperomia of the family Piperaceae. It is native to Peru.
References
verschaffeltii
Flora of Peru |
```dart
import 'package:graphql_schema/graphql_schema.dart';
part 'episode.g.dart';
@GraphQLDocumentation(
description: 'The episodes of the Star Wars original trilogy.')
@graphQLClass
enum Episode {
NEWHOPE,
EMPIRE,
JEDI,
}
``` |
```sqlpl
-- +goose NO TRANSACTION
-- +goose Up
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX owners_owner_name_idx ON owners(owner_name);
-- +goose Down
DROP INDEX IF EXISTS owners_owner_name_idx ON owners;
``` |
Beroroha is a district of Atsimo-Andrefana in Madagascar.
Roads
Beroroha lies on the Mangoky river. The road to Beroroha (National road 15) is unpaved and can only be taken by 4x4 pick-ups.
Municipalities
The district is further divided into nine municipalities:
Behisatra (Behisatsy)
Bemavo
Beroroha
Fanjakana
Mandronarivo
Marerano
Sakena
Tanamary
Tanandava
Tourist sights
The Makay Massif is situated in the district of Beroroha.
References
Districts of Atsimo-Andrefana |
Rank comparison chart of Non-commissioned officer and enlisted ranks for navies of Francophone states.
Other ranks
References
Military ranks of Francophone countries
Military comparisons |
Trigonopterus cupreus is a species of flightless weevil in the genus Trigonopterus from Indonesia.
Etymology
The specific name is derived from the Latin word cupreus, meaning "copper-colored".
Description
Individuals measure around 2.43–3.05 mm in length. The head, legs, and ventral surface are rust colored, and the elytra are a reddish-copper color. The pronotum can either be reddish-copper like the elytra, or it can be bronze or green.
Range
The species is found around elevations of in Batu Dulang and Tepal on the island of Sumbawa, part of the Indonesian province of West Nusa Tenggara.
Phylogeny
T. cupreus is part of the T. dimorphus species group.
References
cupreus
Beetles described in 2014
Beetles of Asia
Insects of Indonesia |
is the practice by the Germanic peoples of identifying Roman gods with the names of Germanic deities. According to Rudolf Simek, this occurred around the 1st century AD, when both cultures came into closer contact.
Names of week days
Some evidence for exists in the Germanic translations of the Roman names for the days of the week from Roman deities into names of approximately equivalent Germanic deities:
Sunday, the day of Sunnǭ (, Sól; ; ), the sun (as female), was earlier the day of Sol, the sun (as male)
Monday, the day of Mēnô (Máni; Mōna; Māno), the moon (as male), was earlier the day of Luna, the moon (as female)
Tuesday, the day of Tīwaz (Týr; Tīw; Ziu), was earlier the day of Mars, god of war
Wednesday, the day of Wōdanaz (Odin, Óðinn; Wōden; Wuotan), was earlier the day of Mercury, god of travelers and eloquence
Thursday, the day of Þūraz/Þunraz (Thor, Þórr; Þunor; Donar), was earlier the day of Jupiter, god of thunder. The name is derived from Old English þunresdæg and Middle English Thuresday (with loss of -n-, first in northern dialects, from influence of Old Norse Þórsdagr), meaning "Thor's Day", after the Norse god of Thunder, Thor. The hammer-wielding Þunraz may elsewhere appear identified with the club-wielding Hercules
Friday, the day of Frijjō (Frigg; Frīg; Frīja), was earlier the day of Venus, goddess of love
In most of the Romance languages, which derive from Latin, days of the week still preserve the names of the original Roman deities, such as the Italian for Tuesday, martedì (from the Latin Martis dies).
The one exception to the use of Germanic gods is Saturday, which retains the name of a foreign god, possibly because there was no obvious Germanic substitute.
The name of the day is associated with Saturn in many West Germanic languages; such as the English "Saturday", the West Frisian Saterdei, the Low German Saterdag, and the Dutch zaterdag all meaning Saturn's day.
Dissenting view
Simek emphasizes the paucity of evidence for a widespread , as opposed to the well-attested opposite interpretatio romana, and notes that comparison with Roman gods is insufficient to reconstruct ancient Germanic gods, or equate them definitively with those of later Norse mythology.
See also
Interpretatio graeca
Interpretatio romana
References
Germanic mythology
Religious interpretation |
The Billboard Tropical Airplay chart is a subchart of the Latin Airplay that ranks the best-performing tropical songs played on Latin radio stations in the United States.
Chart history
References
United States Tropical Songs
2021
2021 in Latin music |
Mazikaleh Poshteh (, also Romanized as Māzīkaleh Poshteh; also known as Māzūkalā Poshteh) is a village in Owshiyan Rural District, Chaboksar District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 6 families.
References
Populated places in Rudsar County |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.carbondata.processing.loading.parser;
/**
* It parses data string as per complex data type.
*/
public interface ComplexParser<E> extends GenericParser<E> {
/**
* Children to this parser.
* @param parser
*/
void addChildren(GenericParser parser);
}
``` |
G. Ernest Fairweather was a prominent Canadian architect. While also he built residential structures, he is best known for his commercial buildings.
Buildings
Saint John
200 - 206 Germain Street
114 and 116 Wentworth Street
Carnegie Building, one of the Carnegie libraries (1904), current home of the Saint John Arts Centre.
Seaman's Mission, 152 Prince William (1908)[www.travelphotobase.com/c/NBJ/NBJ301.HTM]
Old City Hall, 116 Prince William [www.travelphotobase.com/c/NBJ/NBJ272.HTM]
King Edward VII Memorial Bandstand (two story)(1902)
Woodstock
L. P. Fisher Public Library
Rothesay
Memorial Chapel, Rothesay Netherwood School (1923) F. DeLancey Robinson also
Fredericton
Old Civil Engineering Building at the University of New Brunswick Fredericton Campus (1900)
Gymnasium at the University of New Brunswick Fredericton Campus (1906)
171 Church Street, Fredericton, a heritage designated residence designed by G. Ernst Fairweather in the Beaux Arts architectural style and built in 1906 for Dr. William Crockett contains impressive woodwork, large arched doorways, high ceilings and the City’s most stunning stained glass windows.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20051025210306/http://www.saintjohnartscentre.com/heritage.html
Historic Places in Canada
1850 births
1920 deaths
19th-century Canadian architects
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts |
APH-1 (anterior pharynx-defective 1) is a protein gene product originally identified in the Notch signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans as a regulator of the cell-surface localization of nicastrin. APH-1 homologs in other organisms, including humans, have since been identified as components of the gamma secretase complex along with the catalytic subunit presenilin and the regulatory subunits nicastrin and PEN-2. The gamma-secretase complex is a multimeric protease responsible for the intramembrane proteolysis of transmembrane proteins such as the Notch protein and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Gamma-secretase cleavage of APP is one of two proteolytic steps required to generate the peptide known as amyloid beta, whose misfolded form is implicated in the causation of Alzheimer's disease. All of the components of the gamma-secretase complex undergo extensive post-translational modification, especially proteolytic activation; APH-1 and PEN-2 are regarded as regulators of the maturation process of the catalytic component presenilin. APH-1 contains a conserved alpha helix interaction motif glycine-X-X-X-glycine (GXXXG) that is essential to both assembly of the gamma secretase complex and to the maturation of the components.
References
External links
Alzheimer's disease
Proteins |
Awam () is a 1987 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed and produced by B. R. Chopra. The film stars Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Khanna, Raj Babbar, Smita Patil, Poonam Dhillon, Nana Patekar, Shafi Inamdar in pivotal roles.
Plot
Captain Amar Kumar of the Indian army lives with his father, Ram, and mother, Saraswati. Ram has been associated with top freedom fighters during India's struggle for independence from the British. Almost all of these freedom fighters had taken advantage of their involvement and have taken up important positions in India's administration, and these include Jagrathan and Mohanlal, while others like Vaisakh Ansari and Ram have chosen not to. Amar goes to Delhi and meets Mohanlal, who offers him the position of personal secretary with Jagrathan. Then a chain of events leads to the death of Jagrathan's pilot son, Surender, resulting in Jagrathan threatening to expose the powers-that-be unless they come clean and admit their involvement. Then Jagrathan is killed in a vehicle accident. Before dying, he asks Dr. Shabnam to hand over a key to Amar. Before Shabnam could do so, she is attacked by two unknown men, and wounded. Together with Amar and Rafiq Sayed Jaffrey, they locate the key - but do not know where to locate the lock. Then Shabnam is attacked again, but Amar rescues her. Amar's world is turned upside down when he is accused of treason, court-martialed, and dishonorably discharged from the army. Disillusioned by this, he decides to join the very forces that are involved in treason. And when he does he finds out that he is not amongst strangers at all.
Cast
Ashok Kumar as Vehshat Ansari
Rajesh Khanna as Captain Amar Kumar
Raj Babbar as Rafiq Jaffrey
Smita Patil as Dr. Shabnam
Poonam Dhillon as Sushma
Nana Patekar as Colonel Mustafa Ali Zahidi
Vijay Arora as Thakur Suryabhan Singh
Shafi Inamdar as Mohanlal
Iftekhar as Ram Kumar
Ashalata Wabgaonkar as Saraswati
Shreeram Lagoo as Minister / Lawyer
Om Shivpuri as Jagratan
Sushma Seth as Durga
Deepak Parashar as Surendra
Satish Shah as Triloki Prasad "T.P."
Rajesh Puri as Taxi Driver Baldev Singh
Saeed Jaffrey as Defence Lawyer
Dalip Tahil as Army Officer
Dan Dhanoa as Dayal
Puneet Issar as Dayal's Associate
Arun Bakshi as Air Chief Marshall Vasudevan
Gufi Paintal as Mr. Agarwal
Huma Khan as Mrs. Suryabhan Singh
Manisha Kohli as Princess Saloni
Soundtrack
References
External links
1987 films
1980s Hindi-language films
Films directed by B. R. Chopra
Fictional portrayals of police departments in India
Films scored by Ravi
1980s political drama films
Indian political drama films |
```python
import itertools
from collections import defaultdict
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import os
from basic_cnn.read_data import DataSet
from my.nltk_utils import span_f1
from my.tensorflow import padded_reshape
from my.utils import argmax
class Evaluation(object):
def __init__(self, data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, tensor_dict=None):
self.data_type = data_type
self.global_step = global_step
self.idxs = idxs
self.yp = yp
self.num_examples = len(yp)
self.tensor_dict = None
self.dict = {'data_type': data_type,
'global_step': global_step,
'yp': yp,
'idxs': idxs,
'num_examples': self.num_examples}
if tensor_dict is not None:
self.tensor_dict = {key: val.tolist() for key, val in tensor_dict.items()}
for key, val in self.tensor_dict.items():
self.dict[key] = val
self.summaries = None
def __repr__(self):
return "{} step {}".format(self.data_type, self.global_step)
def __add__(self, other):
if other == 0:
return self
assert self.data_type == other.data_type
assert self.global_step == other.global_step
new_yp = self.yp + other.yp
new_idxs = self.idxs + other.idxs
new_tensor_dict = None
if self.tensor_dict is not None:
new_tensor_dict = {key: val + other.tensor_dict[key] for key, val in self.tensor_dict.items()}
return Evaluation(self.data_type, self.global_step, new_idxs, new_yp, tensor_dict=new_tensor_dict)
def __radd__(self, other):
return self.__add__(other)
class LabeledEvaluation(Evaluation):
def __init__(self, data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, y, id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=None):
super(LabeledEvaluation, self).__init__(data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.y = y
self.dict['y'] = y
self.id2answer_dict = id2answer_dict
def __add__(self, other):
if other == 0:
return self
assert self.data_type == other.data_type
assert self.global_step == other.global_step
new_yp = self.yp + other.yp
new_y = self.y + other.y
new_idxs = self.idxs + other.idxs
new_id2answer_dict = dict(list(self.id2answer_dict.items()) + list(other.id2answer_dict.items()))
new_id2score_dict = dict(list(self.id2answer_dict['scores'].items()) + list(other.id2answer_dict['scores'].items()))
new_id2answer_dict['scores'] = new_id2score_dict
if self.tensor_dict is not None:
new_tensor_dict = {key: np.concatenate((val, other.tensor_dict[key]), axis=0) for key, val in self.tensor_dict.items()}
return LabeledEvaluation(self.data_type, self.global_step, new_idxs, new_yp, new_y, new_id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=new_tensor_dict)
class AccuracyEvaluation(LabeledEvaluation):
def __init__(self, data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, y, id2answer_dict, correct, loss, tensor_dict=None):
super(AccuracyEvaluation, self).__init__(data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, y, id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.loss = loss
self.correct = correct
self.id2answer_dict = id2answer_dict
self.acc = sum(correct) / len(correct)
self.dict['loss'] = loss
self.dict['correct'] = correct
self.dict['acc'] = self.acc
loss_summary = tf.Summary(value=[tf.Summary.Value(tag='{}/loss'.format(data_type), simple_value=self.loss)])
acc_summary = tf.Summary(value=[tf.Summary.Value(tag='{}/acc'.format(data_type), simple_value=self.acc)])
self.summaries = [loss_summary, acc_summary]
def __repr__(self):
return "{} step {}: accuracy={}={}/{}, loss={}".format(self.data_type, self.global_step, self.acc,
sum(self.correct), self.num_examples, self.loss)
def __add__(self, other):
if other == 0:
return self
assert self.data_type == other.data_type
assert self.global_step == other.global_step
new_idxs = self.idxs + other.idxs
new_yp = self.yp + other.yp
new_y = self.y + other.y
new_correct = self.correct + other.correct
new_loss = (self.loss * self.num_examples + other.loss * other.num_examples) / len(new_correct)
new_id2answer_dict = dict(list(self.id2answer_dict.items()) + list(other.id2answer_dict.items()))
new_id2score_dict = dict(list(self.id2answer_dict['scores'].items()) + list(other.id2answer_dict['scores'].items()))
new_id2answer_dict['scores'] = new_id2score_dict
new_tensor_dict = None
if self.tensor_dict is not None:
new_tensor_dict = {key: np.concatenate((val, other.tensor_dict[key]), axis=0) for key, val in self.tensor_dict.items()}
return AccuracyEvaluation(self.data_type, self.global_step, new_idxs, new_yp, new_y, new_id2answer_dict, new_correct, new_loss, tensor_dict=new_tensor_dict)
class Evaluator(object):
def __init__(self, config, model, tensor_dict=None):
self.config = config
self.model = model
self.global_step = model.global_step
self.yp = model.yp
self.tensor_dict = {} if tensor_dict is None else tensor_dict
def get_evaluation(self, sess, batch):
idxs, data_set = batch
feed_dict = self.model.get_feed_dict(data_set, False, supervised=False)
global_step, yp, vals = sess.run([self.global_step, self.yp, list(self.tensor_dict.values())], feed_dict=feed_dict)
yp = yp[:data_set.num_examples]
tensor_dict = dict(zip(self.tensor_dict.keys(), vals))
e = Evaluation(data_set.data_type, int(global_step), idxs, yp.tolist(), tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
return e
def get_evaluation_from_batches(self, sess, batches):
e = sum(self.get_evaluation(sess, batch) for batch in batches)
return e
class LabeledEvaluator(Evaluator):
def __init__(self, config, model, tensor_dict=None):
super(LabeledEvaluator, self).__init__(config, model, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.y = model.y
def get_evaluation(self, sess, batch):
idxs, data_set = batch
feed_dict = self.model.get_feed_dict(data_set, False, supervised=False)
global_step, yp, vals = sess.run([self.global_step, self.yp, list(self.tensor_dict.values())], feed_dict=feed_dict)
yp = yp[:data_set.num_examples]
y = feed_dict[self.y]
tensor_dict = dict(zip(self.tensor_dict.keys(), vals))
e = LabeledEvaluation(data_set.data_type, int(global_step), idxs, yp.tolist(), y.tolist(), tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
return e
class AccuracyEvaluator(LabeledEvaluator):
def __init__(self, config, model, tensor_dict=None):
super(AccuracyEvaluator, self).__init__(config, model, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.loss = model.loss
def get_evaluation(self, sess, batch):
idxs, data_set = self._split_batch(batch)
assert isinstance(data_set, DataSet)
feed_dict = self._get_feed_dict(batch)
y = data_set.data['y']
global_step, yp, loss, vals = sess.run([self.global_step, self.yp, self.loss, list(self.tensor_dict.values())], feed_dict=feed_dict)
yp = yp[:data_set.num_examples]
correct, probs, preds = zip(*[self.__class__.compare(data_set.get_one(idx), ypi) for idx, ypi in zip(data_set.valid_idxs, yp)])
tensor_dict = dict(zip(self.tensor_dict.keys(), vals))
ids = data_set.data['ids']
id2score_dict = {id_: prob for id_, prob in zip(ids, probs)}
id2answer_dict = {id_: pred for id_, pred in zip(ids, preds)}
id2answer_dict['scores'] = id2score_dict
e = AccuracyEvaluation(data_set.data_type, int(global_step), idxs, yp.tolist(), y, id2answer_dict, correct, float(loss), tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
return e
@staticmethod
def compare(data, ypi):
prob = float(np.max(ypi))
yi = data['y']
for start, stop in yi:
if start == int(np.argmax(ypi)):
return True, prob, " "
return False, prob, " "
def _split_batch(self, batch):
return batch
def _get_feed_dict(self, batch):
return self.model.get_feed_dict(batch[1], False)
class CNNAccuracyEvaluator(AccuracyEvaluator):
@staticmethod
def compare(data, ypi):
# ypi: [N, M, JX] numbers
yi = data['y'][0] # entity
xi = data['x'][0] # [N, M, JX] words
dist = defaultdict(int)
for ypij, xij in zip(ypi, xi):
for ypijk, xijk in zip(ypij, xij):
if xijk.startswith("@"):
dist[xijk] += ypijk
pred, prob = max(dist.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])
assert pred.startswith("@")
assert yi.startswith("@")
return pred == yi, prob, pred
class AccuracyEvaluator2(AccuracyEvaluator):
@staticmethod
def compare(yi, ypi):
for start, stop in yi:
para_start = int(np.argmax(np.max(ypi, 1)))
sent_start = int(np.argmax(ypi[para_start]))
if tuple(start) == (para_start, sent_start):
return True
return False
class ForwardEvaluation(Evaluation):
def __init__(self, data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, yp2, loss, id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=None):
super(ForwardEvaluation, self).__init__(data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.yp2 = yp2
self.loss = loss
self.dict['loss'] = loss
self.dict['yp2'] = yp2
self.id2answer_dict = id2answer_dict
def __add__(self, other):
if other == 0:
return self
assert self.data_type == other.data_type
assert self.global_step == other.global_step
new_idxs = self.idxs + other.idxs
new_yp = self.yp + other.yp
new_yp2 = self.yp2 + other.yp2
new_loss = (self.loss * self.num_examples + other.loss * other.num_examples) / len(new_yp)
new_id2answer_dict = dict(list(self.id2answer_dict.items()) + list(other.id2answer_dict.items()))
if self.tensor_dict is not None:
new_tensor_dict = {key: np.concatenate((val, other.tensor_dict[key]), axis=0) for key, val in self.tensor_dict.items()}
return ForwardEvaluation(self.data_type, self.global_step, new_idxs, new_yp, new_yp2, new_loss, new_id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=new_tensor_dict)
def __repr__(self):
return "{} step {}: loss={:.4f}".format(self.data_type, self.global_step, self.loss)
class F1Evaluation(AccuracyEvaluation):
def __init__(self, data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, yp2, y, correct, loss, f1s, id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=None):
super(F1Evaluation, self).__init__(data_type, global_step, idxs, yp, y, correct, loss, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.yp2 = yp2
self.f1s = f1s
self.f1 = float(np.mean(f1s))
self.dict['yp2'] = yp2
self.dict['f1s'] = f1s
self.dict['f1'] = self.f1
self.id2answer_dict = id2answer_dict
f1_summary = tf.Summary(value=[tf.Summary.Value(tag='{}/f1'.format(data_type), simple_value=self.f1)])
self.summaries.append(f1_summary)
def __add__(self, other):
if other == 0:
return self
assert self.data_type == other.data_type
assert self.global_step == other.global_step
new_idxs = self.idxs + other.idxs
new_yp = self.yp + other.yp
new_yp2 = self.yp2 + other.yp2
new_y = self.y + other.y
new_correct = self.correct + other.correct
new_f1s = self.f1s + other.f1s
new_loss = (self.loss * self.num_examples + other.loss * other.num_examples) / len(new_correct)
new_id2answer_dict = dict(list(self.id2answer_dict.items()) + list(other.id2answer_dict.items()))
return F1Evaluation(self.data_type, self.global_step, new_idxs, new_yp, new_yp2, new_y, new_correct, new_loss, new_f1s, new_id2answer_dict)
def __repr__(self):
return "{} step {}: accuracy={:.4f}, f1={:.4f}, loss={:.4f}".format(self.data_type, self.global_step, self.acc, self.f1, self.loss)
class F1Evaluator(LabeledEvaluator):
def __init__(self, config, model, tensor_dict=None):
super(F1Evaluator, self).__init__(config, model, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.yp2 = model.yp2
self.loss = model.loss
def get_evaluation(self, sess, batch):
idxs, data_set = self._split_batch(batch)
assert isinstance(data_set, DataSet)
feed_dict = self._get_feed_dict(batch)
global_step, yp, yp2, loss, vals = sess.run([self.global_step, self.yp, self.yp2, self.loss, list(self.tensor_dict.values())], feed_dict=feed_dict)
y = data_set.data['y']
if self.config.squash:
new_y = []
for xi, yi in zip(data_set.data['x'], y):
new_yi = []
for start, stop in yi:
start_offset = sum(map(len, xi[:start[0]]))
stop_offset = sum(map(len, xi[:stop[0]]))
new_start = 0, start_offset + start[1]
new_stop = 0, stop_offset + stop[1]
new_yi.append((new_start, new_stop))
new_y.append(new_yi)
y = new_y
if self.config.single:
new_y = []
for yi in y:
new_yi = []
for start, stop in yi:
new_start = 0, start[1]
new_stop = 0, stop[1]
new_yi.append((new_start, new_stop))
new_y.append(new_yi)
y = new_y
yp, yp2 = yp[:data_set.num_examples], yp2[:data_set.num_examples]
spans = [get_best_span(ypi, yp2i) for ypi, yp2i in zip(yp, yp2)]
def _get(xi, span):
if len(xi) <= span[0][0]:
return [""]
if len(xi[span[0][0]]) <= span[1][1]:
return [""]
return xi[span[0][0]][span[0][1]:span[1][1]]
id2answer_dict = {id_: " ".join(_get(xi, span))
for id_, xi, span in zip(data_set.data['ids'], data_set.data['x'], spans)}
correct = [self.__class__.compare2(yi, span) for yi, span in zip(y, spans)]
f1s = [self.__class__.span_f1(yi, span) for yi, span in zip(y, spans)]
tensor_dict = dict(zip(self.tensor_dict.keys(), vals))
e = F1Evaluation(data_set.data_type, int(global_step), idxs, yp.tolist(), yp2.tolist(), y,
correct, float(loss), f1s, id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
return e
def _split_batch(self, batch):
return batch
def _get_feed_dict(self, batch):
return self.model.get_feed_dict(batch[1], False)
@staticmethod
def compare(yi, ypi, yp2i):
for start, stop in yi:
aypi = argmax(ypi)
mask = np.zeros(yp2i.shape)
mask[aypi[0], aypi[1]:] = np.ones([yp2i.shape[1] - aypi[1]])
if tuple(start) == aypi and (stop[0], stop[1]-1) == argmax(yp2i * mask):
return True
return False
@staticmethod
def compare2(yi, span):
for start, stop in yi:
if tuple(start) == span[0] and tuple(stop) == span[1]:
return True
return False
@staticmethod
def span_f1(yi, span):
max_f1 = 0
for start, stop in yi:
if start[0] == span[0][0]:
true_span = start[1], stop[1]
pred_span = span[0][1], span[1][1]
f1 = span_f1(true_span, pred_span)
max_f1 = max(f1, max_f1)
return max_f1
class MultiGPUF1Evaluator(F1Evaluator):
def __init__(self, config, models, tensor_dict=None):
super(MultiGPUF1Evaluator, self).__init__(config, models[0], tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.models = models
with tf.name_scope("eval_concat"):
N, M, JX = config.batch_size, config.max_num_sents, config.max_sent_size
self.yp = tf.concat(0, [padded_reshape(model.yp, [N, M, JX]) for model in models])
self.yp2 = tf.concat(0, [padded_reshape(model.yp2, [N, M, JX]) for model in models])
self.loss = tf.add_n([model.loss for model in models])/len(models)
def _split_batch(self, batches):
idxs_list, data_sets = zip(*batches)
idxs = sum(idxs_list, ())
data_set = sum(data_sets, data_sets[0].get_empty())
return idxs, data_set
def _get_feed_dict(self, batches):
feed_dict = {}
for model, (_, data_set) in zip(self.models, batches):
feed_dict.update(model.get_feed_dict(data_set, False))
return feed_dict
class MultiGPUCNNAccuracyEvaluator(CNNAccuracyEvaluator):
def __init__(self, config, models, tensor_dict=None):
super(MultiGPUCNNAccuracyEvaluator, self).__init__(config, models[0], tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.models = models
with tf.name_scope("eval_concat"):
N, M, JX = config.batch_size, config.max_num_sents, config.max_sent_size
self.yp = tf.concat(0, [padded_reshape(model.yp, [N, M, JX]) for model in models])
self.loss = tf.add_n([model.loss for model in models])/len(models)
def _split_batch(self, batches):
idxs_list, data_sets = zip(*batches)
idxs = sum(idxs_list, ())
data_set = sum(data_sets, data_sets[0].get_empty())
return idxs, data_set
def _get_feed_dict(self, batches):
feed_dict = {}
for model, (_, data_set) in zip(self.models, batches):
feed_dict.update(model.get_feed_dict(data_set, False))
return feed_dict
class ForwardEvaluator(Evaluator):
def __init__(self, config, model, tensor_dict=None):
super(ForwardEvaluator, self).__init__(config, model, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
self.yp2 = model.yp2
self.loss = model.loss
def get_evaluation(self, sess, batch):
idxs, data_set = batch
assert isinstance(data_set, DataSet)
feed_dict = self.model.get_feed_dict(data_set, False)
global_step, yp, yp2, loss, vals = sess.run([self.global_step, self.yp, self.yp2, self.loss, list(self.tensor_dict.values())], feed_dict=feed_dict)
yp, yp2 = yp[:data_set.num_examples], yp2[:data_set.num_examples]
spans = [get_best_span(ypi, yp2i) for ypi, yp2i in zip(yp, yp2)]
def _get(xi, span):
if len(xi) <= span[0][0]:
return [""]
if len(xi[span[0][0]]) <= span[1][1]:
return [""]
return xi[span[0][0]][span[0][1]:span[1][1]]
id2answer_dict = {id_: " ".join(_get(xi, span))
for id_, xi, span in zip(data_set.data['ids'], data_set.data['x'], spans)}
tensor_dict = dict(zip(self.tensor_dict.keys(), vals))
e = ForwardEvaluation(data_set.data_type, int(global_step), idxs, yp.tolist(), yp2.tolist(), float(loss), id2answer_dict, tensor_dict=tensor_dict)
return e
@staticmethod
def compare(yi, ypi, yp2i):
for start, stop in yi:
aypi = argmax(ypi)
mask = np.zeros(yp2i.shape)
mask[aypi[0], aypi[1]:] = np.ones([yp2i.shape[1] - aypi[1]])
if tuple(start) == aypi and (stop[0], stop[1]-1) == argmax(yp2i * mask):
return True
return False
@staticmethod
def compare2(yi, span):
for start, stop in yi:
if tuple(start) == span[0] and tuple(stop) == span[1]:
return True
return False
@staticmethod
def span_f1(yi, span):
max_f1 = 0
for start, stop in yi:
if start[0] == span[0][0]:
true_span = start[1], stop[1]
pred_span = span[0][1], span[1][1]
f1 = span_f1(true_span, pred_span)
max_f1 = max(f1, max_f1)
return max_f1
def get_best_span(ypi, yp2i):
max_val = 0
best_word_span = (0, 1)
best_sent_idx = 0
for f, (ypif, yp2if) in enumerate(zip(ypi, yp2i)):
argmax_j1 = 0
for j in range(len(ypif)):
val1 = ypif[argmax_j1]
if val1 < ypif[j]:
val1 = ypif[j]
argmax_j1 = j
val2 = yp2if[j]
if val1 * val2 > max_val:
best_word_span = (argmax_j1, j)
best_sent_idx = f
max_val = val1 * val2
return (best_sent_idx, best_word_span[0]), (best_sent_idx, best_word_span[1] + 1)
def get_span_score_pairs(ypi, yp2i):
span_score_pairs = []
for f, (ypif, yp2if) in enumerate(zip(ypi, yp2i)):
for j in range(len(ypif)):
for k in range(j, len(yp2if)):
span = ((f, j), (f, k+1))
score = ypif[j] * yp2if[k]
span_score_pairs.append((span, score))
return span_score_pairs
``` |
Sinanpaşa (or Sincanlı) is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey on a plain surrounded by pine-covered mountains, 33 km from the city of Afyon on the road to Uşak and İzmir. It is the seat of Sinanpaşa District. Its population is 3,544 (2021). The mayor is Erdal Karaman (AKP).
Winters are cold and snowy, and summers are dry and hot.
History
The area has been a crossroads since antiquity, with archaeological evidence indicating habitation since 4000 BC. Surface excavations in the village of Küçükhöyük go back to 3000 BC.
The name Sinan Paşa comes from the son of a lord of the Akkoyunlu Turks who in 1473 took refuge with Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II during the war between the Akkoyunlu and the warrior Uzun Hasan (the Otlukbeli War). Later in the Ottoman period the important general Hersekzade Ahmet Paşa settled here in the village still known as Ahmet Paşa today.
The town was occupied by Greek forces during the Turkish War of Independence, but was recovered during the great Turkish counter-attack in 1922.
Sinanpaşa today
Nowadays Sinanpaşa is a country town providing schools, hospital and other infrastructure to the surrounding countryside, where poppy seeds, wheat and other grains are grown.
References
Populated places in Sinanpaşa District
District municipalities in Turkey |
This is a list of University of Ottawa people.
Notable people
Athletes and leaders in sports
Caleb Agada (born 1994), Nigerian-Canadian basketball player in the Israeli Premier League and for the Nigerian national basketball team
James Cartwright, Olympic athlete (kayak)
Michael A. Chambers, former president of the Canadian Olympic Committee and Olympic Order recipient
Sonia Denoncourt, association football referee
Doug Falconer, CFL football player, film producer
Lou Lefaive, Canadian sports administrator and civil servant
Neil Lumsden, CFL football player
Sherraine MacKay, Olympic athlete (épée fencing)
Silver Quilty, Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductee
Brad Sinopoli, CFL football player
Charles Thiffault (born 1939), NHL ice hockey coach
Ibrahim Tounkara, CFL football player
Ousmane Tounkara, CFL football player
Business leaders
France Chrétien, prominent lawyer and businesswoman; daughter of former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien
André Desmarais, President and CEO of Power Corp. Canada
Paul Desmarais, entrepreneur
Daniel Lamarre, president and chief operating officer of Cirque du Soleil
Chuck Rifici, Canadian entrepreneur, former CEO of Tweed Marijuana Inc, and former CFO of the Liberal Party of Canada.
Sherrexcia Rolle, Bahamian attorney and VP of Operations & General Counsel of Western Air
Civil servants and public sector leaders
Johanne Bélisle, former Commissioner of Patents, Registrar of Trademarks and Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO)
Jocelyne Bourgon, Canadian representative to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); former Clerk of the Privy Council
William J. S. Elliott, former commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Robert John Giroux, university president
Ahmed Hussen, Federal Cabinet Minister and President of the Canadian Somali Congress
Christiane Ouimet, first Public Sector Integrity Commissioner of Canada
Sheridan Scott, Commissioner of Competition of the Competition Bureau
Paul Tellier, former Clerk of the Privy Council
Journalists
Samantha Bee, host of Full Frontal with Samantha Bee
Marcel Desjardins, political commentator and news director
Pierre Dufault, journalist and sports commentator for Radio-Canada
Mary Lou Finlay, journalist for the CBC
Peter Jennings, journalist and news anchor for ABC News
Lisa LaFlamme, journalist
Alex Trebek, former broadcaster for CBC, host of the game show Jeopardy!
Jurists
Louise Arbour, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; former Supreme Court Justice
Michel Bastarache, Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
Louise Charron, Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
Gérald Fauteux, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Louis LeBel, Justice of the Supreme Court
Richard Wagner, Chief Justice of Canada
Musicians
Joyce El-Khoury, opera singer
Angela Hewitt, pianist
Roch Voisine, singer-songwriter
Grizz LeSaint, singer-songwriter/rapper
Media personalities
George Aryee, Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (1991–1992)
Randall Dark, director, producer, and HDTV pioneer
Erica Ehm, television personality and songwriter, former MuchMusic VJ
Jeanette Jenkins, Hollywood fitness trainer, spokeswoman for BET's Television foundation, "A Healthy BET Campaign"
Suzanne Pinel, children's entertainer (Marie-Soleil)
Quddus, model, MTV VJ
Natural scientists and engineers
Xiaoyi Bao, professor, Canada Research Chair in Fiber Optics and Photonics
Robert W. Boyd, physicist, Canada Excellence Research Chair Laureate in Quantum Nonlinear Optics
Timothy C. Lethbridge, professor of computer science and software engineering
Tuncer Őren, professor emeritus of computer science
Tito Scaiano, professor of chemistry, photochemist
Dafydd Williams, astronaut
Physicians and other health care professionals
Mark Aubry, Chief Medical Officer of Hockey Canada, and the International Ice Hockey Federation
Anna Baranowsky, clinical psychologist; founder and CEO of the Traumatology Institute
Margaret Beznak, physiologist
Walter Douglas Boyd, cardiothoracic surgeon and innovator, developed minimally invasive robotic cardiac surgery and cardiac regeneration procedures
Dave Holmes, University Research Chair in Forensic Nursing; Editor-in-Chief of Aporia – the Nursing Journal
Wilbert Joseph Keon, cardiovascular surgeon, first Canadian to implant an artificial heart in a human
Padmaja Subbarao, respirologist and scientist in physiology and experimental medicine
Philip Steven Wells, hematologist, developed the Wells risk score for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis
Political leaders
Philémon Yunji Yang , Former Cameroon Prime minister
Federal and international
Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, former Prime Minister of Somalia
Bernard Chidzero, former Finance Minister of Zimbabwe
Ousainou Darboe, former Vice-President of the Gambia
Greg Fergus, 38th Speaker of the House of Commons, Member of Parliament
Salter Hayden, Senator and lawyer
Rahim Jaffer, former Canadian Member of Parliament
John Manley, former Canadian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance
Paul Martin, former Prime Minister of Canada
Gabriela Michetti, former Vice President of Argentina
Sir Edward Morris, former Prime Minister of Newfoundland
André Ouellet, former Minister and CEO and president of Canada Post
Jean-Luc Pepin, politician, Cabinet minister
John Richardson, Brigadier General in the Canadian Forces and Member of Parliament
Allan Rock, former Minister of Justice, among other ministerial portfolios, Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations, President of the University of Ottawa
Hugh Segal, politician and Senator
Provincial & Territorial
Howard Hampton, former leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party
Dalton McGuinty, former Premier of Ontario
Paul Okalik, first premier of Nunavut
Bernard Drainville, MNA for Lévis
Municipal
Bob Chiarelli, former mayor of the City of Ottawa
Mathieu Fleury, current Ottawa City Councillor for Rideau-Vanier
Jean-Paul L'Allier, former mayor of Quebec City
Gérald Tremblay, former mayor of Montreal
Social scientists
Merridee Bujaki, manager of Accounting Studies
Michel Chossudovsky, economist and author
Dimitri Kitsikis, geopolitician
Anna Koutsoyiannis, economist
Joel Westheimer, American-born professor at the University of Ottawa
Visual artists
Jean-Marc Carisse, photographer, author and recipient of Library and Archives Canada Scholar Award
Philippe Falardeau, Oscar-nominated director
Writers and literature experts
Angèle Bassolé-Ouédraogo, Ivoirian poet
Michel Bock, professor of history, Governor General's literary award winner
Michel Marc Bouchard, playwright
Cyril Dabydeen, author and Professor of English
Andrew Donskov, professor of modern languages, Tolstoy expert
Faisal Kutty, lawyer, writer, human rights activist, academic teaching at Osgoode Hall Law School and at Valparaiso University
Angela Narth, children's author
Carol Shields, Pulitzer Prize–winning writer
Kim Renders (BA in drama 1977), playwright, theatre director and actor; co-founder of Nightwood Theatre
Christl Verduyn, professor of English Literature and Canadian Studies; recipient of the Governor General's International Award for Canadian Studies (2006)
Other
Cihan Erdal, PhD student of Anthropology detained in Turkey by the government
Abdul Rahman Jabarah, alleged al-Qaeda member killed in 2003
Ahmed Khadr, alleged by Canada and the United States of being a "senior associate" and financier of al-Qaeda killed in Afghanistan in 2003
Denis Rancourt, former physics professor, scientist, academic dissident
Chancellors and presidents
List of chancellors
(1889–1965)
University of Ottawa
1889–1909 Mgr Joseph-Thomas Duhamel
1911–1922 Mgr Charles-Hugues Gauthier
1922–1927 Mgr Joseph-Médard Émard
1928–1940 Mgr Joseph-Guillaume-Laurent Forbes
1940–1953 Mgr Alexandre Vachon
1953–1965 Mgr Marie-Joseph Lemieux, OP
(1965–present)
University of Ottawa (reorganised)
1966–1973 Pauline Vanier
1973–1979 The Right Honourable Gérald Fauteux
1979–1985 Gabrielle Léger
1985–1990 The Honourable Maurice Sauvé
1991–1993 Gordon F. Henderson
1994–2012 Huguette Labelle
2012–2015 Michaelle Jean
2015–2022 Calin Rovinescu
2022-present: Claudette Commanda
List of presidents
(1848–1861)
Le Collège de Bytown / The College of Bytown
1848–1849 Édouard Chevalier, OMI
1849–1850 Jean-François Allard, OMI
1850–1851 Napoléon Mignault, OMI
1851–1853 Augustin Gaudet, OMI
1853–1861 Joseph-Henri Tabaret, OMI
(1861–1889)
Collège d'Ottawa / College of Ottawa
1861–1864 Joseph-Henri Tabaret, OMI
1864–1867 Timothy Ryan, OMI
1867–1874 Joseph-Henri Tabaret, OMI
1874–1877 Antoine Paillier, OMI
1877–1886 Joseph-Henri Tabaret, OMI
1886 Philémon Provost, OMI
1886–1887 Antoine Paillier, OMI
1887–1889 Jean-Marie Fayard, OMI
(1889–1965)
Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
1889–1898 James McGuckin, OMI
1898–1901 Henri-Antoine Constantineau, OMI
1901–1905 Joseph-Édouard Émery, OMI
1905–1911 William Murphy, OMI
1911–1914 Adrien-Bruno Roy, OMI
1914–1915 Henri Gervais, OMI
1915–1921 Louis Rhéaume, OMI
1921–1927 François-Xavier Marcotte, OMI
1927–1930 Uldéric Robert, OMI
1930–1936 Gilles Marchand, OMI
1936–1942 Joseph Hébert, OMI
1942–1946 Philippe Cornellier, OMI
1946–1952 Jean-Charles LaFramboise, OMI
1952–1958 Rodrigue Normandin, OMI
1958–1964 Henri-F. Légaré, OMI
1964–1965 Roger Guindon, OMI
(1965–present)
Université d'Ottawa (nouvelle structure) / University of Ottawa (reorganised)
1965–1984 Roger Guindon, OMI
1984–1990 Antoine D'Iorio
1990–2001 Marcel Hamelin
2001–2008 Gilles G. Patry
2008–2017 Allan Rock
2017–present Jacques Frémont
References
University of Ottawa alumni
Ottawa
University people |
Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance (22 February 1797, in Saint-Pal-de-Chalencon – 18 April 1832, Paris) was a French pathologist remembered for Dance's sign. He was the son of a physician, and studied medicine in Paris, gaining his M.D. in 1826. He worked as physician to the Hôpital Cochin, and had just been employed as a teacher at the clinic at l'Hôtel-Dieu when he died of cholera aged 35. Despite his early death he left a number of publications, including his eponymous sign and an early description of parathyroid tetany, which occurs in hypoparathyroidism.
External links
References
19th-century French physicians
French pathologists
1797 births
1832 deaths
Deaths from cholera |
```shell
#!/bin/bash
PACKAGE=$1
VERSION=$2
PKGDIR=${PKGDIR:-.}
if [[ -z "$PACKAGE" || -z "$VERSION" ]]; then
echo "usage: $0 <package> <version>" >&2
exit 1
fi
if ! test -d $PACKAGE-$VERSION; then
echo "ERROR: not found: $PACKAGE-$VERSION"
fi
# source packages
tar cz $PACKAGE-$VERSION > $PKGDIR/$PACKAGE-$VERSION.tgz
# binary packages
for triple in darwin_x86_64 linux_x86_64; do
tar cz -C build/target/$PACKAGE-$VERSION-$triple/dist . \
> $PKGDIR/$PACKAGE-$VERSION-$triple.tgz
done
``` |
Zławieś Mała is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zławieś Wielka, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
History
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), Zławieś Mała was one of the sites of executions of Poles, carried out by the Germans in 1939 as part of the Intelligenzaktion.
Transport
The Voivodeship road 546 passes through the village, and the Polish National road 80 runs nearby, south of the village.
References
Villages in Toruń County |
Kurt Arvin Larson (born February 25, 1966) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Indianapolis Colts (1989–1990) and the Green Bay Packers (1991). He was selected by the Colts in the eighth round of the 1989 NFL Draft. He played at the collegiate level at Michigan State University.
See also
List of Green Bay Packers players
References
1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Waukesha, Wisconsin
Players of American football from Waukesha County, Wisconsin
American football linebackers
Michigan State Spartans football players
Indianapolis Colts players
Green Bay Packers players |
Chelonoidis niger phantasticus (commonly known as the Fernandina Island Galápagos tortoise or Narborough Island giant tortoise) is a subspecies of Galápagos tortoise that was discovered in 1906 and thought extinct, until a single female was discovered living on Fernandina Island by an expedition in February 2019. In May 2021, a genetic test carried out by scientists from the California Academy of Sciences confirmed that the single female tortoise discovered in 2019 is from the subspecies Chelonoidis niger phantasticus. The subspecies name has often been misspelled as phantastica, an error introduced in the 1980s when Chelonoidis was elevated to genus and mistakenly treated as feminine, an error recognized and fixed in 2017.
Taxonomy
Chelonoidis niger phantasticus is considered a subspecies of Chelonoidis niger, sometimes considered a valid species itself alongside all other subspecies. Rhodin et al. (2010) lists them separately but under the heading "C. niger species complex".
Discovery and rediscovery
Originally known from only one male specimen found (and killed) by members of the 1906 California Academy of Sciences expedition, there were discoveries of putative tortoise droppings and cactus bite marks in 1964 and 2013, and an unconfirmed sighting in 2009.
No confirmed live tortoises nor remains were found on Fernandina until an expedition in February 2019 discovered a potential endling, an elderly female. The tortoise was transferred to a breeding center on nearby Santa Cruz Island, for the purpose of conservation and genetic tests. There are efforts being made to find a suitable male breeding mate for the female.
The 2019 expedition was undertaken by the Galapagos National Park Directorate and Galapagos Conservancy and was led by Washington Tapia-Aguilera— Director of Conservation at the Galapagos Conservancy and director of the Giant Tortoise Restoration Initiative —and included four rangers: Jeffreys Málaga, Eduardo Vilema, Roberto Ballesteros, and Simon Villamar. The search and discovery were shown in Forrest Galante's television show, Extinct or Alive (season 2, episode 1). While some accounts have credited Galante with the discovery, this is disputed by Tapia-Aguilera who has highlighted that "Ecuadorian park ranger Jeffreys Málaga was the one that knew the land, tracked the tortoise, and ultimately made the discovery before calling over the rest of the team."
On May 25, 2021, officials announced that genetic tests had confirmed that the female tortoise found in 2019 is indeed a member of the Chelonoidis niger phantasticus subspecies. Geneticists from Yale University in the United States compared the female's DNA with a sample extracted from the male specimen found in 1906. In 2022, the genetic findings were formally published.
The Director of the Galapagos National Park, Danny Rueda, has said that a further expedition will be launched to Fernandina Island to try to locate other members of the same subspecies.
See also
Lazarus taxon
References
Chelonoidis
Subspecies
Turtles of South America
Endemic reptiles of the Galápagos Islands
Reptiles of Ecuador
Reptiles described in 2017 |
Rosanna Tavarez (born February 10, 1977) is an American singer, television host, dancer, and teacher. She rose to prominence in 2001 as a contestant on the American version of the reality television franchise Popstars. As one of the show's five finalists, she became a member of the girl group Eden's Crush. In the same year, they released their debut studio album and its lead single "Get Over Yourself", but disbanded after their record label London-Sire Records closed.
After Eden's Crush, Tavarez worked as a host on music television shows and recorded Latin alternative music. Under the stage name Chana, she released the extended play (EP) Manos Arriba in 2008. Tavarez has subsequently transitioned away from music and has instead focused on teaching and dance.
Early life
Rosanna Tavarez was born on February 10, 1977, in New York City and was raised in the city's Washington Heights neighborhood. Her parents—Frank and Lelia Tavarez—were born in the Dominican Republic. Her mother worked as a seamstress, doing piece work at home, and according to a Warner Bros. press release, her younger brother, Omar, became a "jazz drummer". Tavarez stayed connected with Latino culture through her close relationship with her grandmother and being surrounded by Spanish-speaking people as well as Latin music, such as salsa, méringue, tropical music, and Latin pop. She became interested in music and dance at a young age, being inspired by the musical Annie and imitating the Solid Gold dancers and ballerinas in The Nutcracker. Initially dancing salsa and merengue in her family's living room, she started ballet lessons when she was three years old.
At age nine, Tavarez moved from New York City to Miami and attended the New World School of the Arts, which is a magnet school focused on the visual and performing arts. She studied dance as an undergraduate student at the University of Michigan, and credited her first semester as the point in which she "consciously shifted and embraced a career as a dancer". She went to major in choreography at the Ohio State University's graduate program. Along with these studies, she spent a summer in the Dominican Republic to research Afro-Dominican dance and music. Tavarez remained connected to New York City, saying her goals there were to sing in a band and to be in a dance company before becoming a dance teacher.
Tavarez tried to join a New York dance company, but returned to Miami; while there, she was approached by Latin music producers who thought her appearance would make her an ideal Latin pop singer. She rejected their offers because she felt unprepared for a music career. At the time, she had only performed in karaoke and did not have any vocal training. In a 2008 interview with the Los Angeles Times, Tavarez recalled she did not want to be "just another girl doing Latin-y pop", instead preferring to develop "something distinctive, even if the crowd would be more niche".
Career
2001–2008: Music and television
In 2001, Tavarez participated on the American version of the reality television franchise Popstars, which had a first season focused on forming a girl group. She decided to audition for the series after seeing an ad for it in the Miami New Times. Prior to entering the competition, Tavarez was a project away from completing her studies at the Ohio State University. She went on to be one of the show's five finalists and became a member of the group Eden's Crush. After being signed to London-Sire Records, the group released their debut studio album and its lead single "Get Over Yourself". The album peaked at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart and the single reached the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100. Eden's Crush disbanded after London-Sire Records closed in 2001.
Following Eden's Crush's disbandment, Tavarez worked as a television host on entertainment news and red carpet events. While working for the cable channel mun2, she was hired as an entertainment host for the music television series On Air with Ryan Seacrest. According to Tavarez's agent, she was hired because she was bilingual and could appeal to both English and Spanish audiences. In the Richmond Times-Dispatch, Douglas Durden wrote that Tavarez was "obviously chosen to match Seacrest in overactive enthusiasm", and compared her reporting to puff pieces. On Air with Ryan Seacrest premiered on January 12, 2004, and had its final broadcast on September 17, 2004, after being canceled by the Fox Broadcasting Company. In 2004, Tavarez was also a guest co-host on an episode of Good Day Live.
Tavarez worked on several programs for the TV Guide Channel. She was the host of Ready, Set, Change, a reality television series in which homeowners get a room redesigned based on their favorite television show. The Chicago Tribunes Carmél Carrillo compared Tavarez to Paige Davis, the host from Trading Spaces, but felt she was "little more than window dressing in the early episodes". Tavarez also hosted Idol Tonight—a pre-show for American Idol—along with two of the show's finalists: Kimberly Caldwell and Justin Guarini. She worked with Caldwell again for a pre-show for the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards. Tavarez also hosted the second season of [[Jammin (2006 TV series)|Jammin''']], a reality show for Sí TV.
Tavarez married Univision producer Andres Baez in 2003, and moved to Los Angeles because of his work with the network. She was signed to SESAC and Warner Chappell Music as a songwriter and joined the Los Angeles Contemporary Dance Company. While living in Los Angeles, she collaborated with musician Marthin Chan and recorded Latin alternative music under the stage name Chana. On March 2008, she released the extended play (EP) Manos Arriba, and she wrote and produced all five of its songs with Chan. The EP was generally well received by critics, who praised its production. Tavarez promoted Manos Arriba'' through live performances at nightclubs, on Spanish-language networks, and at industry showcases.
2009–present Dance and teaching
At age 32, Tavarez completed her Master of Fine Arts degree in choreography and decided to stop working as a television host. In an interview, she attributed this change by explaining that she wanted to "recommit to a full-time dance career". According to a 2021 Billboard, Tavarez has transitioned from music to focus on teaching and dance; she is an adjunct professor at the USC Kaufman School of Dance, and a faculty member at the California Institute of the Arts. She teaches yoga, as well as Countertechnique, which is an approach to dance developed by Anouk van Dijk.
Tavarez uses the stage name LA DANSA DANSA as a dancer in Los Angeles. According to her official website, her dance and theatre work has been featured at venues such as American Dance Festival, REDCAT, and Highways Performance Space. In 2022, she performed the dance piece "Piece X Piece", which focused on immigration.
Notes
References
Footnotes
Citations
1977 births
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
American dancers
American people of Dominican Republic descent
American women pop singers
American television personalities
California Institute of the Arts faculty
Hispanic and Latino American women singers
Living people
Ohio State University alumni
Singers from New York City
Spanish-language singers of the United States
University of Michigan alumni
University of Southern California faculty |
Josiah Crudup (January 13, 1791 – May 20, 1872) was a U.S. Congressman from North Carolina between 1821 and 1823.
Crudup was born in Wakelon, North Carolina in Wake County, the son of Elizabeth (Battle) and Josiah Crudup, a Baptist minister. Crudup attended a private school in Louisburg, North Carolina, and then Columbian College (now George Washington University) in Washington, DC. He studied theology and was ordained as a Baptist minister, which was his profession his entire life.
Also a farmer and slave owner, Crudup was elected to the North Carolina Senate from Wake County in 1820, but was forced to vacate his office because the state constitution at the time forbade "a minister of the Gospel, while exercising his ministerial functions, to hold a public office." In the 1850 US Federal Census Slave Schedule, Crudup is listed as enslaving 52 men, women and children; by 1860, according to the US Federal Census Slave Schedule, that number had increased to 64.
In 1821, he was elected to the 17th United States Congress and served for one term, from March 4, 1821 to March 3, 1823. Although he ran for re-election in 1822, he was narrowly defeated by Willie P. Mangum and returned to farming and the ministry. Crudup was a delegate from Granville County to the 1835 North Carolina Constitutional Convention, and died in Kittrell, North Carolina in 1872; he is buried in his family cemetery near Kittrell. Among his descendants is actor Billy Crudup.
References
External links
OurCampaigns.com
1791 births
1872 deaths
People from Wake County, North Carolina
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
North Carolina state senators
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences alumni
19th-century American politicians
Farmers from North Carolina
19th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
People from Kittrell, North Carolina
Baptists from North Carolina |
```c++
//===-- OptionValueFormat.cpp ---------------------------------------------===//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueFormat.h"
#include "lldb/DataFormatters/FormatManager.h"
#include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionArgParser.h"
#include "lldb/Utility/Stream.h"
using namespace lldb;
using namespace lldb_private;
void OptionValueFormat::DumpValue(const ExecutionContext *exe_ctx, Stream &strm,
uint32_t dump_mask) {
if (dump_mask & eDumpOptionType)
strm.Printf("(%s)", GetTypeAsCString());
if (dump_mask & eDumpOptionValue) {
if (dump_mask & eDumpOptionType)
strm.PutCString(" = ");
strm.PutCString(FormatManager::GetFormatAsCString(m_current_value));
}
}
llvm::json::Value OptionValueFormat::ToJSON(const ExecutionContext *exe_ctx) {
return FormatManager::GetFormatAsCString(m_current_value);
}
Status OptionValueFormat::SetValueFromString(llvm::StringRef value,
VarSetOperationType op) {
Status error;
switch (op) {
case eVarSetOperationClear:
Clear();
NotifyValueChanged();
break;
case eVarSetOperationReplace:
case eVarSetOperationAssign: {
Format new_format;
error = OptionArgParser::ToFormat(value.str().c_str(), new_format, nullptr);
if (error.Success()) {
m_value_was_set = true;
m_current_value = new_format;
NotifyValueChanged();
}
} break;
case eVarSetOperationInsertBefore:
case eVarSetOperationInsertAfter:
case eVarSetOperationRemove:
case eVarSetOperationAppend:
case eVarSetOperationInvalid:
error = OptionValue::SetValueFromString(value, op);
break;
}
return error;
}
``` |
```c++
// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
#ifndef RETURN_INTERNAL_REFERENCE_DWA2002131_HPP
# define RETURN_INTERNAL_REFERENCE_DWA2002131_HPP
# include <boost/python/detail/prefix.hpp>
# include <boost/python/default_call_policies.hpp>
# include <boost/python/reference_existing_object.hpp>
# include <boost/python/with_custodian_and_ward.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/if.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace python {
namespace detail
{
template <std::size_t>
struct return_internal_reference_owner_arg_must_be_greater_than_zero
# if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__EDG__)
{}
# endif
;
}
template <std::size_t owner_arg = 1, class BasePolicy_ = default_call_policies>
struct return_internal_reference
: with_custodian_and_ward_postcall<0, owner_arg, BasePolicy_>
{
private:
BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, legal = owner_arg > 0);
public:
typedef typename mpl::if_c<
legal
, reference_existing_object
, detail::return_internal_reference_owner_arg_must_be_greater_than_zero<owner_arg>
>::type result_converter;
};
}} // namespace boost::python
#endif // RETURN_INTERNAL_REFERENCE_DWA2002131_HPP
``` |
Zalameggyes is a village in Veszprém county, Hungary.
External links
Street map (Hungarian)
Populated places in Veszprém County |
```javascript
'use strict';
angular.module("ngLocale", [], ["$provide", function($provide) {
var PLURAL_CATEGORY = {ZERO: "zero", ONE: "one", TWO: "two", FEW: "few", MANY: "many", OTHER: "other"};
$provide.value("$locale", {
"DATETIME_FORMATS": {
"AMPMS": [
"\u4e0a\u5348",
"\u4e0b\u5348"
],
"DAY": [
"\u661f\u671f\u65e5",
"\u661f\u671f\u4e00",
"\u661f\u671f\u4e8c",
"\u661f\u671f\u4e09",
"\u661f\u671f\u56db",
"\u661f\u671f\u4e94",
"\u661f\u671f\u516d"
],
"MONTH": [
"\u4e00\u6708",
"\u4e8c\u6708",
"\u4e09\u6708",
"\u56db\u6708",
"\u4e94\u6708",
"\u516d\u6708",
"\u4e03\u6708",
"\u516b\u6708",
"\u4e5d\u6708",
"\u5341\u6708",
"\u5341\u4e00\u6708",
"\u5341\u4e8c\u6708"
],
"SHORTDAY": [
"\u5468\u65e5",
"\u5468\u4e00",
"\u5468\u4e8c",
"\u5468\u4e09",
"\u5468\u56db",
"\u5468\u4e94",
"\u5468\u516d"
],
"SHORTMONTH": [
"1\u6708",
"2\u6708",
"3\u6708",
"4\u6708",
"5\u6708",
"6\u6708",
"7\u6708",
"8\u6708",
"9\u6708",
"10\u6708",
"11\u6708",
"12\u6708"
],
"fullDate": "y\u5e74M\u6708d\u65e5EEEE",
"longDate": "y\u5e74M\u6708d\u65e5",
"medium": "y\u5e74M\u6708d\u65e5 ah:mm:ss",
"mediumDate": "y\u5e74M\u6708d\u65e5",
"mediumTime": "ah:mm:ss",
"short": "yy/M/d ah:mm",
"shortDate": "yy/M/d",
"shortTime": "ah:mm"
},
"NUMBER_FORMATS": {
"CURRENCY_SYM": "\u00a5",
"DECIMAL_SEP": ".",
"GROUP_SEP": ",",
"PATTERNS": [
{
"gSize": 3,
"lgSize": 3,
"macFrac": 0,
"maxFrac": 3,
"minFrac": 0,
"minInt": 1,
"negPre": "-",
"negSuf": "",
"posPre": "",
"posSuf": ""
},
{
"gSize": 3,
"lgSize": 3,
"macFrac": 0,
"maxFrac": 2,
"minFrac": 2,
"minInt": 1,
"negPre": "\u00a4\u00a0-",
"negSuf": "",
"posPre": "\u00a4\u00a0",
"posSuf": ""
}
]
},
"id": "zh-hans-cn",
"pluralCat": function (n, opt_precision) { return PLURAL_CATEGORY.OTHER;}
});
}]);
``` |
Christopher Scott Kramer (כריס קרמר; born April 4, 1988) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball with the Purdue University Boilermakers. Kramer participated with the 2010 Milwaukee Bucks training camp and played in the NBA Development League for the Fort Wayne Mad Ants in the 2010–11 season.
High school career
Huntington North (IN)
2002–2006
Chris Kramer played varsity basketball, baseball, and football at Huntington North High School in Huntington, Indiana. Averaging 19.1 points, four assists, and three steals a game playing for coach Eric Foister, he led the Vikings to an 18–3 record as a Senior. He was selected as a member of the 2006 Indiana All-Star Team, along with current NBA players Greg Oden and Mike Conley, Jr. In football, he had a career total of 1,336 passing yards and 997 rushing yards at quarterback.
College career
2006–2007
Chris Kramer attended Purdue University to play basketball under head coach, Matt Painter. During his freshman season, Kramer set the school's freshman record for most steals in a season, while leading the team with 64, shattering Brian Cardinal's prior record of 51. Kramer finished with and was second in the conference in total steals on the season. Averaging 7.2 ppg and 2.9 rpg, he had a season high six steals twice against Wagner College and Penn State. He helped lead the Boilermakers to an NCAA tournament appearance along with Seniors David Teague and Carl Landry, where Purdue beat Arizona in the first round and lost to eventual/defending champs, Florida. He averaged 3.5 steals and 15 points in the two games. In the First Round game, Kramer fell to the floor on a play with the ball, where he made a shot off his knees. Finishing the season with a 22–12 record, he was named to the Big Ten All-Defensive Team.
2007–2008
In his Sophomore season, averaging 6.8 ppg, he led the Boilers for the second season in a row in assists (95) and steals, averaging 2.3 per contest. He helped lead the baby boilers to a second straight Second round appearance, where they defeated Baylor in the first round and eventually lost to a senior-led Xavier and finished the season with a 25–9 record. He finished his sophomore season leading the conference in total steals with 67 take-aways, while recording the 9th most in school history with 139 in just two seasons. As a team captain, he was named Third Team All-Big Ten and Academic All-Big Ten, while being the Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year.
2008–2009
As a captain in his junior season, he shared the role with Robbie Hummel and fellow Junior, Keaton Grant. Kramer helped lead Purdue to an 11–2 pre-season finish. After sitting out for a foot injury in a road game at Penn State, and having an 0–2 start in conference play, Kramer helped lead the Boilers to an 11–7 conference record. On January 31, Kramer was elbowed in the face by Michigan's Manny Harris, breaking his nose in two places, which forced him to wear a face mask for the following six games. Along with teammate JaJuan Johnson, he was named to the Big Ten-All Defensive Team, finishing short to Michigan State's Travis Walton as defensive player of the year. Kramer was also named to consecutive Academic All-Big Ten selections. He led his team to the 2009 NCAA Tournament, along with Purdue's first Sweet Sixteen appearance in 9 years, where they eventually fell to #1 seeded UConn. He wrapped up his junior season with the second most steals in school history with 214 career steals.
2009–2010
Kramer started his senior season with his third straight team captain role, becoming only the fourth to do so in school history, behind the likes of Terry Dischinger (1960–62), Brian Walker (1979–81), and former assistant coach, Cuonzo Martin (1993–95). Against Valparaiso on December 9, 2009, he dished out a season high 7 assists. On March 3, 2010, Kramer scored a season high 18 points against in-state rival Indiana, shooting 7 of 8 from the floor in his last game at Mackey Arena. Kramer recorded ten 3+ steal outings on the season (10–0), including four 4-steal performances. He led the Boilermakers to a 14–4 conference record and onto a Big Ten Conference title, its first in fourteen years. After the culmination of the regular season, Kramer was given his conference record fourth consecutive Big Ten All-Defensive Team honor, while being named the Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year for the second time, while also being a Big Ten Honorable Mention and Academic All-Big Ten for the third consecutive year. With Purdue receiving a 4 seed in the NCAA tournament, Kramer helped lead the Boilers past heavily favored Siena in the NCAA First Round match up, where he scored 10 points and had 4 steals and onto consecutive Sweet Sixteens after beating Texas A&M, where he tallied 17 points, 3 steals, and 7 rebounds before being held scoreless in his last collegiate game in a loss to Duke. Purdue went on to a 29–6 record in his senior year, which tied for the program's most wins in a single season. He finished the season with season-career highs with 228 points with a club-leading 58 percent from the floor. As a senior, Kramer was one of ten candidates for the Lowe's Senior CLASS Award with Notre Dame's Luke Harangody, West Virginia's Da'Sean Butler, Duke's Jon Scheyer, and fellow Big Ten player, Raymar Morgan, of Michigan State. He overwhelmingly won the fan vote, having more than 33 percent of total fan votes, but came up short to Da'Sean Butler. He wrapped up his career at Purdue being named a First Team Senior All-American. During the 2010 Final Four weekend at Lucas Oil Stadium, Kramer participated in the Senior Reeses/Hersheys All-Star Game.
Career notes
Kramer currently owns the school record for career steals per game, averaging 2.1 a contest. He became the first Big Ten player in 16 years to lead the league in steals two consecutive seasons (2008, 2009). On February 28, 2010 against Michigan State, Kramer recorded another school record with his 260th career steal, surpassing Brian Cardinal's mark of 259. He finished his career as a Boiler with a 274 steals, 850 points, 397 rebounds, and shooting 71 percent at the line. He placed second all-time in games played (133) behind Keaton Grant, third in starts (114), and fourth in minutes played (3,704). He graduated with a degree in Organizational Leadership & Supervision.
Professional career
America (2010–11)
Indiana Pacers (summer league)
After by-passing an opportunity in his fifth year of college eligibility to play Purdue Football, Kramer joined the 2010 AirTran Airways Pro Summer League, made up of other undrafted/free agent players. He played for the Indiana Pacers summer league team, where he played in only two games and averaged 4 points, 3 rebounds, 1 assist, and 1.5 steals per game, while going 42.9 percent from the field.
Milwaukee Bucks (training camp)
After spending the summer with the Indiana Pacers in the Orlando Pro Summer League, Kramer, an undrafted free agent, officially became part of the Milwaukee Bucks training camp roster for the 2011 NBA season. He was released on October 19.
Fort Wayne Mad Ants
After being cut by the Bucks, Kramer joined the Fort Wayne Mad Ants of the NBA D-League. On December 8, he was waived by the Mad Ants due to injury. He had played 5 games. On December 28, Kramer was re-signed by the Mad Ants. He took fellow injured player Chris Hunter's spot on the roster.
Puerto Rico (2011)
In the summer of 2011, Kramer signed with Mets de Guaynabo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional.
s.oliver Baskets Würzburg (2011–2012)
Kramer played one year with Würzburg in the German Basketball Bundesliga. Würzburg reaches the semifinals of the 2012 playoffs. Kramer led the team in scoring with 11.2 point per game.
EWE Baskets Oldenburg (2012–2017)
In the summer of 2012, Kramer signed with the EWE Baskets Oldenburg. On January 11, 2017, Kramer recorded his first career triple-double (and became the first player to record a triple double in the Basketball Champions League) when he recorded 16 points, 13 assists, and 10 rebounds in a 106–71 win over Uşak Sportif in the Basketball Champions League. His performance gathered him the BCL Game Day MVP.
On June 22, 2017, he left Oldenburg after five seasons.
Lietuvos rytas Vilnius (2017–2019)
On July 20, 2017, Lietuvos rytas Vilnius head coach Rimas Kurtinaitis confirmed that the team has reached an agreement with Kramer. On July 22, 2017, it was officially announced. During the season closing ceremony, Kramer was named as the LKL Defensive Player of the Year.
Khimki (2019–2020)
On August 4, 2019, Kramer signed a one-year contract with Russian club Khimki of the VTB United League and the EuroLeague, with an option for another season. He averaged 5.5 points per game. Kramer parted ways with the team on September 6, 2020.
Hapoel Jerusalem (2020–2021)
On September 20, 2020, Kramer signed with Hapoel Jerusalem of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.
On September 23, 2020, Kramer was waived from the team due to health issues. On November 22 the team announced that Kramer would remain with the team until the end of the season. In 2020-21 he was third in the league with 1.8 steals per game.
Gran Canaria (2021–present)
On August 18, 2021, he has signed with Gran Canaria of the Spanish Liga ACB.
References
External links
Huntington North Profile
Chris Kramer at cbssports.com
Chris Kramer at euroleague.net
1988 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Lithuania
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Indiana
BC Khimki players
BC Rytas players
CB Gran Canaria players
EWE Baskets Oldenburg players
Fort Wayne Mad Ants players
Liga ACB players
People from Huntington, Indiana
Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball players
Shooting guards
Mets de Guaynabo basketball players
Würzburg Baskets players |
```python
# path_to_url
"""
Circular convolution, also known as cyclic convolution,
is a special case of periodic convolution, which is the convolution of two
periodic functions that have the same period. Periodic convolution arises,
for example, in the context of the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT).
In particular, the DTFT of the product of two discrete sequences is the periodic
convolution of the DTFTs of the individual sequences. And each DTFT is a periodic
summation of a continuous Fourier transform function.
Source: path_to_url
"""
import doctest
from collections import deque
import numpy as np
class CircularConvolution:
"""
This class stores the first and second signal and performs the circular convolution
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
"""
First signal and second signal are stored as 1-D array
"""
self.first_signal = [2, 1, 2, -1]
self.second_signal = [1, 2, 3, 4]
def circular_convolution(self) -> list[float]:
"""
This function performs the circular convolution of the first and second signal
using matrix method
Usage:
>>> convolution = CircularConvolution()
>>> convolution.circular_convolution()
[10, 10, 6, 14]
>>> convolution.first_signal = [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6]
>>> convolution.second_signal = [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5]
>>> convolution.circular_convolution()
[5.2, 6.0, 6.48, 6.64, 6.48, 6.0, 5.2, 4.08]
>>> convolution.first_signal = [-1, 1, 2, -2]
>>> convolution.second_signal = [0.5, 1, -1, 2, 0.75]
>>> convolution.circular_convolution()
[6.25, -3.0, 1.5, -2.0, -2.75]
>>> convolution.first_signal = [1, -1, 2, 3, -1]
>>> convolution.second_signal = [1, 2, 3]
>>> convolution.circular_convolution()
[8, -2, 3, 4, 11]
"""
length_first_signal = len(self.first_signal)
length_second_signal = len(self.second_signal)
max_length = max(length_first_signal, length_second_signal)
# create a zero matrix of max_length x max_length
matrix = [[0] * max_length for i in range(max_length)]
# fills the smaller signal with zeros to make both signals of same length
if length_first_signal < length_second_signal:
self.first_signal += [0] * (max_length - length_first_signal)
elif length_first_signal > length_second_signal:
self.second_signal += [0] * (max_length - length_second_signal)
"""
Fills the matrix in the following way assuming 'x' is the signal of length 4
[
[x[0], x[3], x[2], x[1]],
[x[1], x[0], x[3], x[2]],
[x[2], x[1], x[0], x[3]],
[x[3], x[2], x[1], x[0]]
]
"""
for i in range(max_length):
rotated_signal = deque(self.second_signal)
rotated_signal.rotate(i)
for j, item in enumerate(rotated_signal):
matrix[i][j] += item
# multiply the matrix with the first signal
final_signal = np.matmul(np.transpose(matrix), np.transpose(self.first_signal))
# rounding-off to two decimal places
return [round(i, 2) for i in final_signal]
if __name__ == "__main__":
doctest.testmod()
``` |
Ballyduff () is a small rural hamlet-village in the southeastern corner of Ireland. It is situated in County Wexford north of the town Ferns, and northwest of the village of Camolin.
The village had an estimated population of 150 people in its greater area in late 2020. The village won the Tidy Towns Competition twice in the early 2000s.
Ballyduff has several facilities available to its residents, such as the Ballyduff National School, the Ballyduff Catholic Church which is adjacent to the Ballyduff Graveyard, a horse riding school, a timber and logging company, the Ballyduff Village Toddler's Cèche, a bottle bank, a botanists, a park where local small funfairs and festivals are held, a driveway paving company headquarters and two small village shops.
Ballyduff is located between the towns of Ferns and Gorey as well as the village of Camolin. Other than these settlements, Ballyduff is surrounded by farmland, primarily cattle and sheep farms.
The village is very close to the Slibh Bui mountains, which has hiking paths, nature walks and mountain biking trails available to the public, and is home to a host of natural wildlife, namely deer and birds.
Two wind turbines were erected on Slibh Bui in 2015, which help supply green energy to the surrounding communities.
Ballyduff has a rich local culture, and is host to local legends which have been passed on through word of mouth for generations. Many places in the village, such as old stones and wells or hills and natural features are named for people from these stories, such as Patrick's Hill, (the story of an ancient King Patrick) or Mary's Well.
See also
List of towns and villages in Ireland
Towns and villages in County Wexford |
```python
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
import os
import tempfile
import unittest
import numpy as np
from get_gpt_model import FakeDataset, create_data_holder, generate_model
import paddle
from paddle.distributed.fleet import auto
paddle.enable_static()
def apply_pass():
dist_strategy = auto.Strategy()
dist_strategy.auto_mode = "semi"
amp = dist_strategy.amp
amp.enable = True
amp.dtype = "float16"
amp.level = "o2"
amp.custom_white_list = ["lookup_table", "lookup_table_v2"]
amp.custom_black_list = [
"reduce_sum",
"c_softmax_with_cross_entropy",
"elementwise_div",
]
amp.init_loss_scaling = 32768
qat = dist_strategy.qat
qat.enable = True
qat.channel_wise_abs_max = True
qat.weight_bits = 8
qat.activation_bits = 8
qat.not_quant_pattern = ['skip_quant']
qat.onnx_format = True
return dist_strategy
class TestQuantizationPassTrain(unittest.TestCase):
def test_qat_pass_training(self):
batch_size = 1
batch_num = 10
strategy = apply_pass()
model, loss = generate_model("mp")
opt = paddle.optimizer.AdamW(learning_rate=0.00001)
engine = auto.Engine(model, loss, opt, strategy=strategy)
dataset = FakeDataset(batch_size * batch_num)
engine.fit(dataset, 3, batch_size=batch_size)
self.check_program(engine.main_program)
def check_program(self, program):
quantizable_op_and_inputs = {'matmul_v2': ['X', 'Y']}
quantizable_grad_op_inputs = {'matmul_v2_grad': ['X', 'Y']}
quantized_ops = set()
for block in program.blocks:
for idx, op in enumerate(block.ops):
is_quantized = False
if op.type in quantizable_op_and_inputs:
for arg_name in op.input_arg_names:
if ".quantized" in arg_name:
is_quantized = True
if not is_quantized:
continue
# check forward
if op.type in quantizable_op_and_inputs:
for arg_name in op.input_arg_names:
if "c_identity" in arg_name:
arg_name = block.ops[idx - 1].input_arg_names[0]
assert arg_name.endswith('.quantized.dequantized')
quantized_ops.add(arg_name)
for op in block.ops:
is_quantized = False
if op.type in quantizable_grad_op_inputs:
for pname in quantizable_grad_op_inputs[op.type]:
arg_name = op.input(pname)[0]
if ".quantized" in arg_name:
is_quantized = True
if not is_quantized:
continue
# check backward
if op.type in quantizable_grad_op_inputs:
for pname in quantizable_grad_op_inputs[op.type]:
arg_name = op.input(pname)[0]
assert arg_name.endswith('.quantized.dequantized')
assert arg_name in quantized_ops
class TestQuantizationPassExport(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.temp_dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
def tearDown(self):
self.temp_dir.cleanup()
def test_qat_pass_2(self):
strategy = apply_pass()
model, loss = generate_model("mp")
engine = auto.Engine(model, loss, strategy=strategy)
inputs_spec, labels_spec = create_data_holder(batch_size=1)
engine.prepare(inputs_spec, labels_spec, mode="predict")
path = os.path.join(self.temp_dir.name, 'inf')
engine.save(path, training=False)
self.check_export(engine._executor)
def check_export(self, exe):
sequence_len = 512
vocab_size = 1000
tokens = [np.random.randint(vocab_size, size=sequence_len)]
position_ids = [np.arange(sequence_len)]
attention_mask = [np.tril(np.ones(sequence_len))]
path_prefix = os.path.join(
self.temp_dir.name,
f'inf_dist{paddle.distributed.get_rank()}',
)
[
inference_program,
feed_target_names,
fetch_targets,
] = paddle.static.load_inference_model(
path_prefix=path_prefix, executor=exe
)
out = exe.run(
inference_program,
feed={
"tokens": tokens,
"position_ids": position_ids,
"attention_mask": attention_mask,
},
fetch_list=fetch_targets,
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
``` |
The University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg (Pitt-Greensburg or UPG) is a state-related liberal arts college in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. It is a baccalaureate degree-granting regional campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Opened in 1963, Pitt-Greensburg was granted four-year degree-granting status in 1988. As of 2020, Pitt-Greensburg had 1,439 undergraduates and 96 faculty.
History
Pitt-Greensburg opened in September 1963, following a request of area school superintendents for a branch campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Pitt-Greensburg began as a two-year institution with instruction in nine areas of study, 15 faculty, 56 full-time, and 156 part-time students. The school was originally located in the Vogle Building, a former private elementary school and Greensburg School System administrative building located at 122 North Maple Avenue in downtown Greensburg across from St. Clair Park. Fine arts classes were originally taught at the Westmoreland Museum of American Art, physical education was held at the Greensburg YMCA, and laboratory classes were held in what is now Greensburg Salem Middle School. In 1964, the university purchased the Charles McKenna Lynch estate in Hempfield. At first, faculty offices and classrooms were split between Greensburg and Lynch Hall, a former residence on the Lynch estate campus. In 1976, the entire Pitt-Greensburg campus moved to the Hempfield location on the former Lynch estate. Until 1988, when it received 4-year degree-granting status, Pitt-Greensburg served as a two-year feeder school to the main campus as the University of Pittsburgh in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh. By 1989, Pitt-Greensburg had its first graduating class. In 1999, a distinctive feature of Pitt-Greensburg opened when the first of three Academic Villages (Behavioral Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Humanities), where high-achieving students live in residences based on their majors and participate in after-class events geared to those disciplines. As (2018), the campus boasts 29 majors, 24 minors, and four certificate programs.
Five presidents have led the campus since its founding: Al Smith (1963–1980), George Chambers (1980–1996), Frank Cassell (1997–2007), Sharon P. Smith (2007-2019), and Robert Gregerson who became Pitt-Greensburg's fifth president on July 1, 2019.
Location and campus
Pitt-Greensburg is located two miles (3 km) south of the center of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, a city located in Westmoreland County, and approximately to the southeast of Pittsburgh. Since 1976, the university has been centralized at its current location on the former estate of Charles McKenna Lynch in suburban Hempfield. The entire campus consists of 22 buildings on .
Many student residences consist of "Houses" in the Academic Village section (Apollo, Athena, Benjamin Franklin, Margaret Mead, Selene, and Thurgood Marshall), with Village Hall as the Villages' social hub. The various academic villages integrate curricular and extracurricular student experiences and each have their own student council. Each village must be applied to in order to live there, and they are organized around four themes including Behavioral Sciences, Humanities, International, and Natural Science and New Technologies. Other residence Halls are also located in College Hall and Robertshaw Hall, Westmoreland Hall and the University Court.
Other campus facilities include three classroom buildings (Powers, Smith, and McKenna—which also serves as the computer center), Millstein Library, Chambers Hall, the administration building (Lynch Hall), the admissions office (Rossetti House) and the Ridilla Athletic Fields. A new classroom and office building named after former campus president Frank Cassell has recently opened and has been awarded LEED gold certification, being the first building on campus to achieve such designation. The campus also features a nature trail and a small creek (Slate Run) that runs through the center of campus.
Academics
Pitt-Greensburg offers 29 bachelor's degree programs, 24 minors, and numerous pre-professional and certificate programs.
The University of Pittsburgh, including Pitt-Greensburg and its other regional campuses, is accredited through the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools’ Commission on Higher Education.
A school-wide honor society, the Ben Franklin Society, was organized in 2008 for sophomores, juniors, and seniors with a cumulative grade point average of 3.75 or higher. The society functions to help students identify, prepare and apply for prestigious fellowships and scholarships. Another honor society, the Da Vinci Society, also exists for juniors and seniors selected for their academic excellence, leadership, service, and international experience. Other honor societies also exist on campus for specific programs of study. In addition, Academic Villages, for which grades and participation are evaluated for admittance, act as living and learning communities for students with similar academic interests.
Athletics
Pitt-Greensburg competes athletically as a member of NCAA Division III and is a charter member of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference. Men's athletic programs include basketball, soccer, baseball, tennis, golf, and cross country. Women's programs consist of basketball, soccer, softball, volleyball, golf, cross country. Pitt-Greensburg also has an intramural program with flag football, racquetball, and billiards. On January 31, 2003, the men's and women's basketball teams of the Pitt-Greensburg and the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford held a doubleheader at the Petersen Events Center on the University of Pittsburgh's main campus in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh in celebration of both school's 40th anniversaries.
Gallery
References
External links
Official website
Official athletics website
Educational institutions established in 1963
Universities and colleges in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
1963 establishments in Pennsylvania |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="path_to_url">
<solid android:color="#70000000"/>
<corners android:radius="4dp"/>
</shape>
``` |
The 2017 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships were held at the Olympic Oval in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, from 25 to 26 February 2017.
Schedule
Medal summary
Medal table
Medalists
References
External links
Entries, results and announcements
Results
World Sprint Championships
2017 in Canadian sports
February 2017 sports events in Canada
2017 Sprint
2017 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships
2017 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships |
```php
<?php
/*
*
* ____ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ ____
* | _ \ ___ ___| | _____| |_| \/ (_)_ __ ___ | \/ | _ \
* | |_) / _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ __| |\/| | | '_ \ / _ \_____| |\/| | |_) |
* | __/ (_) | (__| < __/ |_| | | | | | | | __/_____| | | | __/
* |_| \___/ \___|_|\_\___|\__|_| |_|_|_| |_|\___| |_| |_|_|
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* @author PocketMine Team
* @link path_to_url
*
*
*/
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace pocketmine\data\bedrock\block\upgrade;
use pocketmine\data\bedrock\block\upgrade\model\BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModel;
use pocketmine\data\bedrock\block\upgrade\model\BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelBlockRemap;
use pocketmine\data\bedrock\block\upgrade\model\BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelFlattenedName;
use pocketmine\data\bedrock\block\upgrade\model\BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelTag;
use pocketmine\data\bedrock\block\upgrade\model\BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelValueRemap;
use pocketmine\nbt\tag\ByteTag;
use pocketmine\nbt\tag\IntTag;
use pocketmine\nbt\tag\StringTag;
use pocketmine\nbt\tag\Tag;
use pocketmine\utils\Filesystem;
use pocketmine\utils\Utils;
use Symfony\Component\Filesystem\Path;
use function array_key_last;
use function array_map;
use function array_values;
use function assert;
use function count;
use function get_debug_type;
use function gettype;
use function implode;
use function is_object;
use function is_string;
use function json_decode;
use function json_encode;
use function ksort;
use function sort;
use function str_pad;
use function strval;
use function usort;
use const JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR;
use const SORT_NUMERIC;
use const STR_PAD_LEFT;
final class BlockStateUpgradeSchemaUtils{
public static function describe(BlockStateUpgradeSchema $schema) : string{
$lines = [];
$lines[] = "Renames:";
foreach($schema->renamedIds as $rename){
$lines[] = "- $rename";
}
$lines[] = "Added properties:";
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($schema->addedProperties) as $blockName => $tags){
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($tags) as $k => $v){
$lines[] = "- $blockName has $k added: $v";
}
}
$lines[] = "Removed properties:";
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($schema->removedProperties) as $blockName => $tagNames){
foreach($tagNames as $tagName){
$lines[] = "- $blockName has $tagName removed";
}
}
$lines[] = "Renamed properties:";
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($schema->renamedProperties) as $blockName => $tagNames){
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($tagNames) as $oldTagName => $newTagName){
$lines[] = "- $blockName has $oldTagName renamed to $newTagName";
}
}
$lines[] = "Remapped property values:";
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($schema->remappedPropertyValues) as $blockName => $remaps){
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($remaps) as $tagName => $oldNewList){
foreach($oldNewList as $oldNew){
$lines[] = "- $blockName has $tagName value changed from $oldNew->old to $oldNew->new";
}
}
}
return implode("\n", $lines);
}
public static function tagToJsonModel(Tag $tag) : BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelTag{
$model = new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelTag();
if($tag instanceof IntTag){
$model->int = $tag->getValue();
}elseif($tag instanceof StringTag){
$model->string = $tag->getValue();
}elseif($tag instanceof ByteTag){
$model->byte = $tag->getValue();
}else{
throw new \UnexpectedValueException("Unexpected value type " . get_debug_type($tag));
}
return $model;
}
private static function jsonModelToTag(BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelTag $model) : Tag{
return match(true){
isset($model->byte) && !isset($model->int) && !isset($model->string) => new ByteTag($model->byte),
!isset($model->byte) && isset($model->int) && !isset($model->string) => new IntTag($model->int),
!isset($model->byte) && !isset($model->int) && isset($model->string) => new StringTag($model->string),
default => throw new \UnexpectedValueException("Malformed JSON model tag, expected exactly one of 'byte', 'int' or 'string' properties")
};
}
public static function fromJsonModel(BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModel $model, int $schemaId) : BlockStateUpgradeSchema{
$result = new BlockStateUpgradeSchema(
$model->maxVersionMajor,
$model->maxVersionMinor,
$model->maxVersionPatch,
$model->maxVersionRevision,
$schemaId
);
$result->renamedIds = $model->renamedIds ?? [];
$result->renamedProperties = $model->renamedProperties ?? [];
$result->removedProperties = $model->removedProperties ?? [];
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($model->addedProperties ?? []) as $blockName => $properties){
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($properties) as $propertyName => $propertyValue){
$result->addedProperties[$blockName][$propertyName] = self::jsonModelToTag($propertyValue);
}
}
$convertedRemappedValuesIndex = [];
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($model->remappedPropertyValuesIndex ?? []) as $mappingKey => $mappingValues){
foreach($mappingValues as $k => $oldNew){
$convertedRemappedValuesIndex[$mappingKey][$k] = new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaValueRemap(
self::jsonModelToTag($oldNew->old),
self::jsonModelToTag($oldNew->new)
);
}
}
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($model->remappedPropertyValues ?? []) as $blockName => $properties){
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($properties) as $property => $mappedValuesKey){
if(!isset($convertedRemappedValuesIndex[$mappedValuesKey])){
throw new \UnexpectedValueException("Missing key from schema values index $mappedValuesKey");
}
$result->remappedPropertyValues[$blockName][$property] = $convertedRemappedValuesIndex[$mappedValuesKey];
}
}
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($model->remappedStates ?? []) as $oldBlockName => $remaps){
foreach($remaps as $remap){
if(isset($remap->newName) === isset($remap->newFlattenedName)){
throw new \UnexpectedValueException("Expected exactly one of 'newName' or 'newFlattenedName' properties to be set");
}
$result->remappedStates[$oldBlockName][] = new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaBlockRemap(
array_map(fn(BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelTag $tag) => self::jsonModelToTag($tag), $remap->oldState ?? []),
$remap->newName ?? new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaFlattenedName(
$remap->newFlattenedName->prefix,
$remap->newFlattenedName->flattenedProperty,
$remap->newFlattenedName->suffix,
$remap->newFlattenedName->flattenedValueRemaps ?? [],
),
array_map(fn(BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelTag $tag) => self::jsonModelToTag($tag), $remap->newState ?? []),
$remap->copiedState ?? []
);
}
}
return $result;
}
private static function buildRemappedValuesIndex(BlockStateUpgradeSchema $schema, BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModel $model) : void{
if(count($schema->remappedPropertyValues) === 0){
return;
}
$dedupMapping = [];
$dedupTableMap = [];
$orderedRemappedValues = $schema->remappedPropertyValues;
ksort($orderedRemappedValues);
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($orderedRemappedValues) as $blockName => $remaps){
ksort($remaps);
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($remaps) as $propertyName => $remappedValues){
$remappedValuesMap = [];
foreach($remappedValues as $oldNew){
$remappedValuesMap[$oldNew->old->toString()] = $oldNew;
}
ksort($remappedValuesMap);
if(isset($dedupTableMap[$propertyName])){
foreach($dedupTableMap[$propertyName] as $k => $dedupValuesMap){
if(count($remappedValuesMap) !== count($dedupValuesMap)){
continue;
}
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($remappedValuesMap) as $oldHash => $remappedOldNew){
if(
!isset($dedupValuesMap[$oldHash]) ||
!$remappedOldNew->old->equals($dedupValuesMap[$oldHash]->old) ||
!$remappedOldNew->new->equals($dedupValuesMap[$oldHash]->new)
){
continue 2;
}
}
//we found a match
$dedupMapping[$blockName][$propertyName] = $k;
continue 2;
}
}
//no match, add the values to the table
$dedupTableMap[$propertyName][] = $remappedValuesMap;
$dedupMapping[$blockName][$propertyName] = array_key_last($dedupTableMap[$propertyName]);
}
}
$modelTable = [];
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($dedupTableMap) as $propertyName => $mappingSet){
foreach($mappingSet as $setId => $valuePairs){
$newDedupName = $propertyName . "_" . str_pad(strval($setId), 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
foreach($valuePairs as $pair){
$modelTable[$newDedupName][] = new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelValueRemap(
BlockStateUpgradeSchemaUtils::tagToJsonModel($pair->old),
BlockStateUpgradeSchemaUtils::tagToJsonModel($pair->new),
);
}
}
}
$modelDedupMapping = [];
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($dedupMapping) as $blockName => $properties){
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($properties) as $propertyName => $dedupTableIndex){
$modelDedupMapping[$blockName][$propertyName] = $propertyName . "_" . str_pad(strval($dedupTableIndex), 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
}
}
ksort($modelTable);
ksort($modelDedupMapping);
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($dedupMapping) as $blockName => $properties){
ksort($properties);
$dedupMapping[$blockName] = $properties;
}
$model->remappedPropertyValuesIndex = $modelTable;
$model->remappedPropertyValues = $modelDedupMapping;
}
public static function toJsonModel(BlockStateUpgradeSchema $schema) : BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModel{
$result = new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModel();
$result->maxVersionMajor = $schema->maxVersionMajor;
$result->maxVersionMinor = $schema->maxVersionMinor;
$result->maxVersionPatch = $schema->maxVersionPatch;
$result->maxVersionRevision = $schema->maxVersionRevision;
$result->renamedIds = $schema->renamedIds;
ksort($result->renamedIds);
$result->renamedProperties = $schema->renamedProperties;
ksort($result->renamedProperties);
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($result->renamedProperties) as $blockName => $properties){
ksort($properties);
$result->renamedProperties[$blockName] = $properties;
}
$result->removedProperties = $schema->removedProperties;
ksort($result->removedProperties);
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($result->removedProperties) as $blockName => $properties){
sort($properties); //yes, this is intended to sort(), not ksort()
$result->removedProperties[$blockName] = $properties;
}
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($schema->addedProperties) as $blockName => $properties){
$addedProperties = [];
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($properties) as $propertyName => $propertyValue){
$addedProperties[$propertyName] = self::tagToJsonModel($propertyValue);
}
ksort($addedProperties);
$result->addedProperties[$blockName] = $addedProperties;
}
if(isset($result->addedProperties)){
ksort($result->addedProperties);
}
self::buildRemappedValuesIndex($schema, $result);
foreach(Utils::stringifyKeys($schema->remappedStates) as $oldBlockName => $remaps){
$keyedRemaps = [];
foreach($remaps as $remap){
$modelRemap = new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelBlockRemap(
array_map(fn(Tag $tag) => self::tagToJsonModel($tag), $remap->oldState),
is_string($remap->newName) ?
$remap->newName :
new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelFlattenedName(
$remap->newName->prefix,
$remap->newName->flattenedProperty,
$remap->newName->suffix,
$remap->newName->flattenedValueRemaps
),
array_map(fn(Tag $tag) => self::tagToJsonModel($tag), $remap->newState),
$remap->copiedState
);
if(count($modelRemap->copiedState) === 0){
unset($modelRemap->copiedState); //avoid polluting the JSON
}
$key = json_encode($modelRemap);
assert(!isset($keyedRemaps[$key]));
if(isset($keyedRemaps[$key])){
continue;
}
$keyedRemaps[$key] = $modelRemap;
}
usort($keyedRemaps, function(BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelBlockRemap $a, BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModelBlockRemap $b) : int{
//remaps with more specific criteria must come first
$filterSizeCompare = count($b->oldState ?? []) <=> count($a->oldState ?? []);
if($filterSizeCompare !== 0){
return $filterSizeCompare;
}
//remaps with the same number of criteria should be sorted alphabetically, but this is not strictly necessary
return json_encode($a->oldState ?? []) <=> json_encode($b->oldState ?? []);
});
$result->remappedStates[$oldBlockName] = array_values($keyedRemaps);
}
if(isset($result->remappedStates)){
ksort($result->remappedStates);
}
return $result;
}
/**
* Returns a list of schemas ordered by schema ID. Oldest schemas appear first.
*
* @return BlockStateUpgradeSchema[]
*/
public static function loadSchemas(string $path, int $maxSchemaId) : array{
$iterator = new \RegexIterator(
new \FilesystemIterator(
$path,
\FilesystemIterator::KEY_AS_FILENAME | \FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS
),
'/^(\d{4}).*\.json$/',
\RegexIterator::GET_MATCH,
\RegexIterator::USE_KEY
);
$result = [];
/** @var string[] $matches */
foreach($iterator as $matches){
$filename = $matches[0];
$schemaId = (int) $matches[1];
if($schemaId > $maxSchemaId){
continue;
}
$fullPath = Path::join($path, $filename);
$raw = Filesystem::fileGetContents($fullPath);
try{
$schema = self::loadSchemaFromString($raw, $schemaId);
}catch(\RuntimeException $e){
throw new \RuntimeException("Loading schema file $fullPath: " . $e->getMessage(), 0, $e);
}
$result[$schemaId] = $schema;
}
ksort($result, SORT_NUMERIC);
return $result;
}
public static function loadSchemaFromString(string $raw, int $schemaId) : BlockStateUpgradeSchema{
try{
$json = json_decode($raw, false, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
}catch(\JsonException $e){
throw new \RuntimeException($e->getMessage(), 0, $e);
}
if(!is_object($json)){
throw new \RuntimeException("Unexpected root type of schema file " . gettype($json) . ", expected object");
}
$jsonMapper = new \JsonMapper();
$jsonMapper->bExceptionOnMissingData = true;
$jsonMapper->bExceptionOnUndefinedProperty = true;
$jsonMapper->bStrictObjectTypeChecking = true;
try{
$model = $jsonMapper->map($json, new BlockStateUpgradeSchemaModel());
}catch(\JsonMapper_Exception $e){
throw new \RuntimeException($e->getMessage(), 0, $e);
}
return self::fromJsonModel($model, $schemaId);
}
}
``` |
```php
<?php
/*
*
* ____ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ ____
* | _ \ ___ ___| | _____| |_| \/ (_)_ __ ___ | \/ | _ \
* | |_) / _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ __| |\/| | | '_ \ / _ \_____| |\/| | |_) |
* | __/ (_) | (__| < __/ |_| | | | | | | | __/_____| | | | __/
* |_| \___/ \___|_|\_\___|\__|_| |_|_|_| |_|\___| |_| |_|_|
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* @author PocketMine Team
* @link path_to_url
*
*
*/
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace pocketmine\event\player;
use pocketmine\entity\Human;
use pocketmine\event\Cancellable;
use pocketmine\event\CancellableTrait;
use pocketmine\event\entity\EntityEvent;
/**
* Called when a player gains or loses XP levels and/or progress.
* @phpstan-extends EntityEvent<Human>
*/
class PlayerExperienceChangeEvent extends EntityEvent implements Cancellable{
use CancellableTrait;
public function __construct(
Human $player,
private int $oldLevel,
private float $oldProgress,
private ?int $newLevel,
private ?float $newProgress
){
$this->entity = $player;
}
public function getOldLevel() : int{
return $this->oldLevel;
}
public function getOldProgress() : float{
return $this->oldProgress;
}
/**
* @return int|null null indicates no change
*/
public function getNewLevel() : ?int{
return $this->newLevel;
}
/**
* @return float|null null indicates no change
*/
public function getNewProgress() : ?float{
return $this->newProgress;
}
public function setNewLevel(?int $newLevel) : void{
$this->newLevel = $newLevel;
}
public function setNewProgress(?float $newProgress) : void{
if($newProgress < 0.0 || $newProgress > 1.0){
throw new \InvalidArgumentException("XP progress must be in range 0-1");
}
$this->newProgress = $newProgress;
}
}
``` |
The Journal of Diabetes Investigation is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the study of diabetes. It was established in 2010 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is Nigishi Hotta (Chubu Rosai Hospital). In 2014, the journal became open-access. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.232.
References
External links
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Endocrinology journals
Academic journals established in 2010
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Open access journals |
Zawada is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żarki, within Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Żarki, north-east of Myszków, and north-east of the regional capital Katowice.
References
Villages in Myszków County |
```xml
/*
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// TypeScript Version: 4.1
/// <reference types="@stdlib/types"/>
import { Iterator as Iter, IterableIterator } from '@stdlib/types/iter';
// Define a union type representing both iterable and non-iterable iterators:
type Iterator = Iter | IterableIterator;
/**
* Returns an iterator which rounds each iterated value to the nearest power of 10 toward zero.
*
* ## Notes
*
* - If an environment supports `Symbol.iterator` **and** a provided iterator is iterable, the returned iterator is iterable.
*
* @param iterator - input iterator
* @returns iterator
*
* @example
* var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/iter/uniform' );
*
* var iter = iterTrunc10( uniform( -100.0, 100.0 ) );
*
* var r = iter.next().value;
* // returns <number>
*
* r = iter.next().value;
* // returns <number>
*
* r = iter.next().value;
* // returns <number>
*
* // ...
*/
declare function iterTrunc10( iterator: Iterator ): Iterator;
// EXPORTS //
export = iterTrunc10;
``` |
Oroperipatus corradoi is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatidae family. Females of this species have 26 to 29 pairs of legs, usually 28; males have 24 to 27. Females range from 14 mm to 60 mm in length, while males range from 14 mm to 25 mm in length. The type locality is in Ecuador.
References
Onychophorans of tropical America
Onychophoran species
Animals described in 1898 |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'test/unit'
class TestVMDump < Test::Unit::TestCase
def assert_darwin_vm_dump_works(args)
omit if RUBY_PLATFORM !~ /darwin/
assert_in_out_err(args, "", [], /^\[IMPORTANT\]/)
end
def test_darwin_invalid_call
assert_darwin_vm_dump_works(['-rfiddle', '-eFiddle::Function.new(Fiddle::Pointer.new(1), [], Fiddle::TYPE_VOID).call'])
end
def test_darwin_segv_in_syscall
assert_darwin_vm_dump_works('-e1.times{Process.kill :SEGV,$$}')
end
def test_darwin_invalid_access
assert_darwin_vm_dump_works(['-rfiddle', '-eFiddle.dlunwrap(100).inspect'])
end
end
``` |
Otto van Holland (died 27 March 1249) was a bishop of Utrecht from 1233 to 1249.
Otto was the second son of William I, Count of Holland and his first wife Adelaide of Guelders. He was elected as bishop in 1233, but because of resistance from the canons of Utrecht, his consecration was delayed until 1245. He emerged as a forceful ruler who involved himself primarily in secular affairs. After the death of his brother Floris IV, Count of Holland in 1234, he became guardian of Floris' son William II, Count of Holland, and he governed the County of Holland. He resolved the problems in Drenthe, problems which had cost his predecessor Otto II of Lippe his life. He also subjected the lords of Goor to his authority.
1249 deaths
Prince-Bishops of Utrecht
13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Holy Roman Empire
Year of birth unknown |
Poker television programs had been extremely popular, especially in North America and Europe, following the poker boom. This has especially become the case since the invention of the "pocket cam" in 1997 (and its first use in the United States in 2002), which allows viewers at home to see each player's hole cards. However, viewership has been declining dramatically in recent years, due to laws that restricted online play in the United States.
History
Poker has been appearing on television somewhat regularly since the late-1970s. In the United States, CBS started airing the final table of the World Series of Poker (WSOP) Main Event as an annual one-hour show around this time and later by ESPN, which were casino-produced shows produced under a time-buy arrangement for sports omnibus programming such as the CBS Sports Spectacular. For many years, the coverage was less than robust because viewers at home could not see what cards the players had or follow their progress visually through graphics. Instead, the coverage essentially involved the commentators guessing what cards the players had in a documentary style production.
In 1997, the hole cam, which allows audiences to see the hidden cards that players held in their hands, was introduced in Europe. The hole cam was patented by WSOP bracelet winner Henry Orenstein and first used in the Late Night Poker television series. It was used again in the inaugural Poker Million tournament in 2000 which boasted the attraction of the first £1,000,000 poker game on live television. By 1996, however, the ESPN one-hour highlight show only included hands that were shown down, so that the commentators, including Gabe Kaplan, could comment, in post-production, on the hands while they were being played out. The commentators referred to this as "taking a peek at the cards", and provided the first contemporary announcing on hands during the play in poker history. By 2001, however, Late Night Poker had been cancelled in the UK and televised poker could no longer be found in Europe. In the US, the 1999, 2000, and 2001 World Series of Poker events were only broadcast in one-hour documentaries on the Discovery Networks.
In 1999, documentary filmmaker Steven Lipscomb produced and directed a documentary on the WSOP for the Discovery Channel. It was the first U.S. poker production funded entirely by a television network rather than the casino. When the 1999 WSOP aired, it doubled its audience over the hour time slot. Seeing the audience reaction, Lipscomb believed there was an untapped market and began pitching poker series ideas to cable and network television. Because poker had been on the air for over twenty years, with little viewer interest, broadcasters were unwilling to commit resources to put a series on the air.
In October 2001, Lipscomb wrote a business plan. Along with poker player Mike Sexton and poker business woman Linda Johnson, Lipscomb approached casino mogul and avid poker player, Lyle Berman, whose company Lakes Entertainment agreed to fund the World Poker Tour (WPT)—the first organized and televised tour of poker tournaments in the world.
In June 2002, WPT filmed its first episode at Bellagio in Las Vegas. Wanting to create a compelling, action-packed show, WPT took eight months to edit the first WPT episode. ESPN, who resumed their coverage of the World Series of Poker in 2002, featured pocket cam technology in their return broadcast—albeit, in a very limited capacity—prior to the WPT's first show.
During this time, the “WPT Format” was created featuring the WPT hole cam, interactive graphics and “live sports feel”. These new features put viewers into the minds and at the heart of the action. The first WPT episode aired on March 30, 2003, on the Travel Channel and became an instant success (the highest rated show in network history).
A few months later, ESPN's broadcast of the 2003 World Series of Poker adopted many features characteristic of the emerging WPT series, with an improved graphic display detailing the exciting action of the Main Event's final table. This coupled with the unlikely outcome in the 2003 WSOP Main Event—where Tennessee accountant Chris Moneymaker won $2.5 million after winning his seat through a $39 PokerStars satellite tournament—and the ensuing publicity only further sparked the already accelerated interest in the game initiated by the WPT.
These events are considered the main contributor to poker's booming popularity—increasing the number of entrants into live poker tournaments (at all levels), the growth of online poker and the overall greater interest in the game—but above all others, the 2003 World Series of Poker Main Event (and subsequent broadcast on ESPN) is most cited as poker's Tipping Point; commonly referred to as the "Moneymaker Effect".
Poker gained further exposure in Canada and much of the United States as a result of the 2004-05 NHL lockout, which caused sports networks in both countries to air poker as replacement programming for their NHL coverage.
The much improved ratings of poker television programs from this point on lead to ESPN covering many more events of the World Series of Poker (in addition to the Main Event as in the past) since 2003, as well as covering some other tournaments outside of the World Series, such as the United States Poker Championship. Since its first broadcast, WPT has also expanded its tour stops from 12 events at seven casino partner locations to 23 domestic and international tournaments and 14 casino partners in Season VI.
Since the introduction of the hole cam and WPT television format, poker has become almost ubiquitous in the US and Europe. While poker originally aired on sports channels such as ESPN and Sky Sports has expanded to such "non traditional" networks as Bravo and GSN. All poker television programs make heavy use of the aforementioned pocket cam and television format, plus generally feature a "straightman" and a "comedian" type of commentators, with one often being a professional poker player.
With the ability to edit a tournament that lasts days into just a few hours, ESPN's World Series of Poker broadcasts generally focus on showing how various star players fared in each event. Key hands from throughout the many days of each year's WSOP Main Event are shown, and similar highly edited coverage of final tables is also provided. For the events in the WSOP before the Main Event, only the final table is covered in television coverage, similar to how the Main Event was televised before ESPN's airing of the 2003 World Series Main Event.
The World Poker Tour does not offer general coverage of the multi-day poker tournaments. Instead, the WPT covers only the action at the final table of each event. With aggressive play and increasing blinds and antes, the important action from a single table can easily be edited into a two-hour episode. Although the tournament fate of fewer stars are chronicled this way, it allows the drama to build more naturally toward the final heads up showdown.
Although most poker shows on television focus on tournaments, High Stakes Poker shows a high-stakes cash game. In this game professional and amateur players play no limit Texas Hold 'em with their own money (the minimum to enter the game is $100,000). This game has allowed spectators to observe differences between cash games and tournaments, and to see how players adjust their play to the different format.
Poker's growth in Europe led to the creation of two FTA channels: The Poker Channel and Pokerzone. Both began broadcasting during 2005.
Televised poker experienced a sudden disruption in 2011 after the lawsuit United States v. Scheinberg et al. was filed. Two of the defendants in that case, PokerStars and Full Tilt Poker, were the primary sponsors of most of the shows that were airing on American television at the time. Since it was discovered that online gambling (other than sports betting) was not illegal and the state law used to file the lawsuit was not applicable to foreign companies, the lawsuit was resolved in 2012, with the two companies merging and without any admission of guilt.
Although once popular, poker television programs have steadily been losing their audience and never fully recovered from the disruption caused by the Scheinberg lawsuit. ESPN is on contract to show World Series of Poker programming through 2017, though viewership has dropped dramatically since the early boom.
The over-the-top content platform PokerGO was launched in 2017 and is based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is a subscription-based streaming service specializing in poker content including cash games, tournaments, and documentaries. PokerGO streamed the World Series of Poker from 2017 to 2020 in partnership with ESPN, before CBS Sports became the new domestic television partner in 2021.
In December 2022 on YouTube-based Hustler Casino Live, the biggest pot in televised U.S. poker broadcast history was set. The No-Limit Hold'em cash game had stakes of $200/$400/$800/$1,600 and Alan Keating would win the $1,158,000 pot with a flush against "Handz".
In February 2023 on PokerGO's No Gamble, No Future Cash of the Titans, Patrik Antonius would win a $1,978,000 pot with two pair against Eric Persson to break the record set on Hustler Casino Live. Following that record-breaking pot, there were three pots that also amounted to larger than the previous record pot that was set on Hustler Casino Live.
Poker television programs
Here is a list of poker television programs that have aired on television in either North America or Europe.
North America
1 ESPN did not air the WSOP in 1996 or 1999–2001; The Discovery Channel did air one-hour specials of the 2000 & 2001 Main Events
2 World Series of Poker bracelets events and select coverage of the Main Event have streamed on exclusively on PokerGO from 2017 onwards.
3 In 2021, CBS Sports became the new domestic television partner for the WSOP alongside PokerGO.
Europe
Notes
Topics of television programs |
John Ibbitson (born 1955) is a Canadian journalist. Since 1999, he has been a political writer and columnist for The Globe and Mail.
Career
Ibbitson graduated from the University of Toronto in 1979 with a B.A. in English. After university, he pursued a career as a playwright, his most notable play being Mayonnaise, which debuted in December 1980 at the Phoenix Theatre in Toronto, Ontario. The play went on to national production and was adapted to a TV broadcast in 1983. In the mid-1980s, Ibbitson switched over to writing young adult fiction, including the science fiction novel Starcrosser (1990). He also wrote two full-length novels, 1812: Jeremy's War and The Night Hazel Came to Town. The Landing followed in 2008 - a winner of the 2008 Governor General's Award for English-language children's literature. Apart from the latter Ibbitson has been nominated for several awards for other works, including a Governor General's Award nomination for 1812. Hazel received a nomination for the Trillium Book Award and the City of Toronto Book Award. His journalism has also been nominated for a National Newspaper Award.
Ibbitson entered the University of Western Ontario in 1987. Upon graduating with an M.A. in journalism one year later, he joined the Ottawa Citizen, where he worked as a city reporter and columnist. He covered Ontario politics from 1995 to 2001, working for the Ottawa Citizen, Southam News, the National Post and The Globe and Mail. In August 2001, Ibbitson accepted the post of Washington bureau chief at The Globe and Mail, returning to Canada one year later to take up the post of political affairs columnist. He moved back to Washington as a columnist in May 2007, returning to Ottawa as bureau chief in September 2009. In December 2010 he became the paper's chief political writer. In that role, he has also frequently appeared on Canadian television news programs as a pundit and political analyst. In 2015 he became writer-at-large.
In 2013, Ibbitson and Darrell Bricker co-authored the book The Big Shift: The Seismic Change in Canadian Politics, Business, and Culture and What It Means for Our Future. In January 2014 Ibbitson began a one-year leave of absence from the Globe, to serve as a senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation and to work on a biography of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which was published in August 2015. In 2016, the book won the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing.
Ibbitson and Darrell Bricker co-authored the book "Empty Planet: The Shock of Global Population Decline," which was published separately in 2019 in the United States, Great Britain and Canada, and in Chinese, Spanish, Japanese and Korean.
He is married to Grant Burke.
Publications
Non-fiction
Promised Land: Inside the Mike Harris Revolution (Prentice Hall, 1997)
Loyal No More: Ontario's Struggle for a Separate Destiny (HarperCollins, 2001)
The Polite Revolution: Perfecting the Canadian Dream (McClelland & Stewart, 2005)
Open & Shut: Why America Has Barack Obama and Canada Has Stephen Harper (McClelland & Stewart, 2009)
The Big Shift: The Seismic Change in Canadian Politics, Business, and Culture and What It Means for Our Future with Darrell Bricker (HarperCollins, 2013)
Stephen Harper, a biography of Canada's 22nd Prime Minister (McClelland & Stewart, (2015)
Empty Planet: The Shock of Global Population Decline, with Darrell Bricker (McClelland & Stewart, 2019)
Fiction
Jeremy's War: 1812 (Maxwell Macmillan, 1991)
The Night Hazel Came to Town (Maxwell Macmillan, 1993)
The Landing (KidsCan Press, 2008)
References
Canadian columnists
Canadian political journalists
Canadian male novelists
1955 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
University of Toronto alumni
University of Western Ontario alumni
The Globe and Mail columnists
People from Gravenhurst, Ontario
Canadian LGBT journalists
Canadian gay writers
Canadian writers of young adult literature
Governor General's Award-winning children's writers
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
CTV Television Network people
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Canadian male non-fiction writers
21st-century Canadian LGBT people
20th-century Canadian LGBT people |
Ichthyodes szekessyi is a beetle species from the family Cerambycidae. The scientific name of this species was first published in 1953 by Breuning.
References
Ichthyodes
Beetles described in 1953 |
The 2006 FC Dallas season was the tenth season of the Major League Soccer team. It was the most successful regular season in franchise history, and was the only time that the team secured the #1 seed in the Western Conference. After an elimination against the Colorado Rapids in a shootout in Game 2 of the Western Conference Semifinals, head coach Colin Clarke was fired and replaced by Steve Morrow. It was also the final season under owner Lamar Hunt, who died soon thereafter.
Final standings
Regular season
Playoffs
Western Conference semifinals
U.S. Open Cup
External links
Season statistics
2006
Dallas
FC Dallas |
Involuntary commitment or civil commitment is a legal process through which an individual who is deemed by a qualified agent to have symptoms of severe mental disorder is detained in a psychiatric hospital (inpatient) where they can be treated involuntarily.
Criteria for civil commitment are established by laws, which vary between nations.
United Nations
United Nations General Assembly (resolution 46/119 of 1991), "Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care" is a non-binding resolution advocating certain broadly-drawn procedures for the carrying out of involuntary commitment. These principles have been used in many countries where local laws have been revised or new ones implemented. The UN runs programs in some countries to assist in this process.
Australia
In Australia, court hearings are not required for involuntary commitment. Mental health law is constitutionally under the state powers. Each state thus has different laws, many of which have been updated in recent years.
Referral for service
The usual requirement is that a police officer or a physician determine that a person requires a psychiatric examination, usually through a psychiatric hospital. If the person is detained in the hospital, they usually must be seen by an authorized psychiatrist within a set period of time. In some states, after a further set period or at the request of the person or their representative, a tribunal hearing is held to determine whether the person should continue to be detained. In states where tribunals are not instituted, there is another form of appeal.
Some Australian states require that the person is a danger to the society or themselves; other states only require that the person be suffering from a mental illness that requires treatment. The Victorian Mental Health Act (1986) specifies in part that:
"(1) A person may be admitted to and detained in an approved mental health service as an involuntary patient in accordance with the procedures specified in this Act only if—
(a) the person appears to be mentally ill; and
(b) the person's mental illness requires immediate treatment and that treatment can be obtained by admission to and detention in an approved mental health service; and
(c) because of the person's mental illness, the person should be admitted and detained for treatment as an involuntary patient for his or her health or safety (whether to prevent a deterioration in the person's physical or mental condition or otherwise) or for the protection of members of the public; and
(d) the person has refused or is unable to consent to the necessary treatment for the mental illness; and
(e) the person cannot receive adequate treatment for the mental illness in a manner less restrictive of that person's freedom of decision and action.
There are additional qualifications and restrictions but the effect of these provisions is that people who are assessed by doctors as being in need of treatment may be admitted involuntarily without the need of demonstrating a risk of danger. This overcomes the pressure described above to exaggerate issues of violence, or to verbal statements, to obtain an admission.
Treatment
In general, once the person is under involuntary commitment, treatment may be instituted without further requirements. Some treatments, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), often require further procedures to comply with the law before they may be administered involuntarily.
Community treatment orders can be used in the first instance or after a period of admission to hospital as a voluntary/involuntary patient. With the trend towards deinstitutionalization, this situation is becoming increasingly frequent, and hospital admission is restricted to people with severe mental illnesses.
Finland
Involuntary commitment requires three criteria: 1) severe mental illness with impaired insight; 2) that a lack of treatment would worsen the condition or endanger the safety or security of the patient or others; 3) and other treatments or services are insufficient or inapplicable.
If found insane, criminal offenders may not be sentenced. Instead, they must be referred to THL (National Institute for Health and Welfare) for involuntary treatment. Niuvanniemi hospital specializes in involuntary commitment of criminal patients.
France
About 24 % of patients in French psychiatric wards are committed involuntarily. A person may be committed if they are an imminent danger or at the request of either a third party, usually a family member, one or two physicians or a representative of the state.
Classic admission: To involuntarily commit a person, are needed:
a handwritten request from a third party with a relationship to the person (e.g. a member of the patient's family or a care giver), excluding care givers working in the institution caring for the sick person,
two supporting medical certificates, at least one of which is drawn up by a doctor outside of the institution giving care to the person.
Admission in case of imminent danger: a single medical certificate drawn up by a doctor who is not part of any establishment caring for the person, suffices to involuntarily commit a person. This practice has led to abusive banalisation according to a report by the health ministry.
Admission in case of emergency: A handwritten request from a third party and a medical certificate suffice to involuntarily commit a person.
From an admission at the request of a representative the state to occur, the mentally ill person must a danger to themselves or others, or cause a serious breach of public order, in which case the mayor (temporarily and only when there is a danger to the safety of persons) or the prefect, may issue a decree in support of a medical certificate issued by a doctor outside the receiving institution to admit that person.
Germany
In Germany, there is a growing tendency to use the law on legal guardianship instead of mental health law for justification of involuntary commitment or treatment. The ward's legal guardian decides that he/she must go into mental hospital for treatment, and the police then acts on this decision. This is simpler for the government and family members than the formal process for commitment under mental health laws.
In German criminal law, a person who was convicted of certain crimes can also be sentenced to be kept in preventive detention; see article on preventive detention.
Israel
The Mental Health Care Act of 1991 regulates the rights of the mentally ill in Israel and defines the conditions under which the patient's freedom of choice can be restricted. The law replaced the Mental Health Law of 1955.
Italy
In Italy the physician Giorgio Antonucci, in his work at the hospitals of Gorizia, Cividale del Friuli and Imola since the late 1960s, has avoided involuntary hospitalisation and any kind of coercion, rejecting the diagnosis as psychiatric prejudice. During the years 1973-1996 he worked on the dismantling of the psychiatric hospitals Osservanza and Luigi Lolli in Imola. He currently collaborates with the Italian branch of the Citizens Commission on Human Rights.
Ireland
Japan
In Japan, the Law on mental health and welfare for the mentally disabled (Japanese: establishes the legal framework for involuntary commitment.
Netherlands
In Dutch criminal law, a convict can be sentenced to involuntary psychiatric treatment in a special institute called a . TBS is an abbreviation for , literally meaning "being placed at disposal" (of the state). Legally, such a sentence is not regarded as punishment like a prison sentence, but as a special measure. Often, when a convict is sentenced to TBS, they first serve a prison sentence. The convict will then be placed in a clinic after serving time in prison (usually two-thirds of the original prison sentence, although this practice is under discussion).
According to Dutch law, meeting three conditions is required for a convict to be sentenced to TBS. These conditions are:
the crime committed must have been directly related to a psychiatric disorder,
recidivism must be likely, and
the convict can not, or only partially, be held accountable for the crime.
To determine if these conditions are met, the suspect is observed in a forensic psychiatric detention center, the Pieter Baan Centre. Neither the prosecution or the defense can effectively challenge the Pieter Baan Centre's report, since it is the only institution that can conduct such investigations. Fatal mistakes have occurred, for instance, when a child molester regarded by the Pieter Baan Center as "not dangerous" killed a child after the molester was released. The conclusions in the centre's report are not binding; the judge can decide to ignore, or only partially accept them.
Every convict detained in a TBS clinic may get temporary leave after serving a certain time or after some progress in treatment. This is regarded as an essential part of treatment, as the convict will be gradually re-entering society this way. At first the convict will be escorted by a therapist, and will be allowed outside the clinic for only a few hours. After evaluation, time and freedom of movement will be expanded until the convict can move freely outside the clinic without escort (usually for one day at a time). At that time, the convict will find work or follow an education. Generally, the convict is released after being in this situation for one or two years without incident.
The time to be served in TBS can be indefinite, and it may be used as a form of preventive detention. Evaluation by the court will occur every one or two years. During these evaluations the court determines if any progress is made in treatment of the convict, and if it will be safe to release the convict into society. In general, the court will follow conclusions made by the TBS clinic.
Average time served in a TBS clinic by a convict is slightly over eight years.
Dutch TBS clinics
In the Netherlands there are currently 12 institutions regarded as TBS clinics:
Inforsa/Arkin, Amsterdam
Dr. Henri van der Hoevenstichting, Utrecht
Dr. S. van Mesdagkliniek, Groningen
Hoeve Boschoord, Boschoord
FPC Veldzicht, Balkbrug
Pompestichting, Nijmegen
Oostvaarderskliniek, Almere
De Kijvelanden/FPC Tweelanden, Poortugaal
FPC Oldenkotte, Rekken (Closed on 4 september 2014)
FPC De Rooyse Wissel, Venray
GGz Drenthe, Assen
GGz Eindhoven/De Woenselse Poort, Eindhoven
These institutions combined currently are holding about 1840 convicts.
By the end of the 20th century, it was concluded that some convicts could not be treated and therefore could not be safely released into society. For these convicts, TBS clinics formed special wards, called "long-stay wards". Transfer to such a ward means that the convict will no longer be actively treated, but merely detained. This is regarded as more cost-effective. In general, the convicts in these wards will be incarcerated for the rest of their lives, although their detention is eligible for regular review by the court.
Controversy
Since the latter half of the 1990s, considerable controversy has grown in Dutch society, about the TBS system. This controversy has two main areas. The first level of controversy resulted from the media increasingly reporting cases of convicts committing crimes while still in, or after, treatment in a TBS clinic.
Some examples of these cases are:
During 1992, a truck driver was convicted of raping and murdering three young children. Eight years earlier he was released from a TBS clinic after being treated for child molestation.
A convict, about to be released from a TBS clinic, murdered the owner of a garage in 1996 while under the influence of drugs.
An ex-convict, treated in a TBS clinic, murdered two women in 1994 and 1997.
A convict, still being treated by a TBS-clinic, randomly killed a man in the city of Groningen in 1999.
Between 2000 and 2004, an ex-convict tortured several animals and killed a homeless man. He had been treated in a TBS clinic.
In 2002 an ex-convict was sentenced for triple murder. He also had been released earlier by TBS.
In 2005 a convict escaped his escort during leave. He was arrested several days later after killing a man.
Political and social attention increased, and debate started about the effectiveness of the TBS system and whether convicts should be granted leave from TBS clinics. Especially right-wing politicians suggested the TBS system be discarded altogether. Numerous articles in newspapers, magazines, television and radio programs and a revealing book written by an ex-convict (which for the first time openly questioned the effectiveness of the TBS-system) boosted discussion. Prior to that, any problems had been mostly denied by officials of the TBS-clinics themselves.
The center of attention became a highly renowned TBS clinic, Dr. S. Van Mesdagkliniek in the city of Groningen. Events that took place there, by the end of the 1990s and the first years of the 21st century, provoked the second reason for controversy. Concern rose about claims of unprofessional behavior by staff working in TBS clinics, and the Dr. S. Van Mesdagkliniek developed a poor reputation over these problems. This TBS clinic has been plagued with unprofessional and even criminal acts by its staff since 1999.
During that year, the clinic came under investigation by Dutch police after rumors about female staffmembers committing sexual offenses against convicts emerged. Five such cases were discovered during the investigation, and also numerous cases of drug-abuse, smuggling and trading of contraband such as alcohol, mobile phones, pornographic material, and hard drugs. It became apparent that staff members did not have the required education, had not been informed about rules and regulations, disregarded legal procedures, gave false testimonies, tampered with evidence, uttered false accusations against convicts, and intimidated colleagues. At least one psychiatrist, employed as such by the clinic, proved to be not qualified, and treatment of convicts was in many cases simply non-existent.
These problems had been known for long by the management but were kept hidden. After public outcry about this situation, management was replaced and all of the nine (at the time) TBS clinics in the Netherlands were subjected to investigation. Six of them proved to be below the required legal standards. However, problems did not end there. In spite of many measures taken by the government, convicts still were released without proper treatment. As a consequence, numerous crimes were committed by convicts that were regarded as treated by TBS clinics. Also, sexual offenses against convicts by staff members and smuggling of contraband did not cease in several TBS clinics. In 2006, the Dutch government formed a committee to investigate the TBS system. Some problems, however not the worst, were recognized and countermeasures were implemented. One of the known actual results is that fewer convicts escape during temporary release.
Controversy regarding the, often praised, Dutch TBS system continued. In 2005, a staff member working in the Dr. S. Van Mesdagkliniek was caught smuggling liquor to convicts suffering from alcohol-related problems. In 2007, a female staff member committed sexual offenses against a convict, and had smuggled contraband. She was sentenced to three months in prison in 2009. That same year, investigation proved convicts still had ample access to illicit drugs and four inmates from the Dr. S. Van Mesdagkliniek were arrested for possession of child pornography. Many crimes committed by released convicts treated in TBS clinics escape statistics because the crimes were committed in other countries, or because they differ from the crime the convict was originally convicted for (many convicts released from TBS clinics find their way in illegal drug trade and related crimes). Because there seems to be no acceptable alternative available, political support for the much troubled TBS system remains, in spite of the controversy.
Russia
Individuals in Russia can be involuntarily admitted by psychiatrists directly with an appeal process.
New Zealand
The Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992, replaced the previous Act, enacted in 1969. Although there were several reasons to replace the previous act, one key aspect was the lack of review, as once the Reception Order had been made by a District Court judge and two doctors, that the proposed patient be taken to hospital: "Subject to the provisions of this Act, every reception order, whether made before or after the commencement of this Act, shall continue in force until the patient is discharged." (MHA 1969 s28(2))
Despite the deinstitutionalization that began in New Zealand during the 1960s, as in many other Western countries, many patients stayed at the psychiatric hospital for years, as the original reception order remained in force. Another reason to review the former act was that patients appeared at the District Court (formerly the Magistrates Court until 1980) - which hears all but the most serious criminal cases. The present Act emphasises that Mental Health Hearings be heard at the Family Court instead, to remove any implication that the patient is being detained in hospital due to a criminal act. It does, however, provide that Mental Health Hearings may take place at the District Court, if there is no other suitable alternative. Often the Family Court will sit at the Mental Health Inpatient Unit.
There are multiple checks and balances built into the present committal procedures. As in the United Kingdom, the process is generally known as "sectioning".
Section 8A provides that any person, aged 18 or over, who has seen the proposed patient within the last 72 hours, may apply to the Director of Area Mental Health Services (DAMHS), to have that person seen by a psychiatrist, against their wishes. The person must be a danger to themselves or others, or be unable to care for themselves. Section 8B requires that the person be seen by a doctor, preferably their own General Practitioner, to give their opinion as to whether the applicant is correct in their statements about the proposed patient's behaviour. If the doctor is satisfied, this paperwork is signed, and the process continues to Section 9 where Duly Authorised Officers (DAOs) - operating as agents of the DAMHS, have the power to detain the person for six hours, and during that time, they have the power to transport the proposed patient to the psychiatrist. This is usually at a hospital, but the patient may be seen at a police station, depending on the circumstances. If the proposed patient refuses to accompany them, the Police will assist under the Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Health and the New Zealand Police.
Under s10 they are formally interviewed by the psychiatrist, and if they are to be admitted, a s11 is issued that detains the patient for assessment and treatment at an inpatient mental health unit, for up to five days. Following this, a s12 review is held, and if necessary the patient can be held under s13 for fourteen days. At the end of this time, the psychiatrist must apply for a Court Hearing as to whether the patient can be treated compulsorily for any longer. Section 14(4) gives up to fourteen days for the hearing to occur. The detention sections (11, 13, & 14(4)) can be done in the outpatient setting, but in practice, most compulsory patients are detained at a hospital.
Two compulsory treatment orders are available. Section 29 is a Community Treatment Order, and the Act states that this should be applied for.
The patient can only be recalled to hospital twice for two fourteen-day periods in the six months that it lasts.
If a community order is not suitable (for example, due to the risk posed by the patient to themselves or others), a s30 Inpatient Treatment Order can be applied for, where the patient is either in hospital, or on leave from hospital.
In either case, two health professionals must apply to the Family Court - the psychiatrist, backed by a second health professional, usually a registered nurse, sometimes a social worker.
People who have committed a crime while mentally unwell are subject to the Criminal Procedure (Mentally Impaired Persons) Act 2003, although the Mental Health Act also refers to their care. If taken into custody, it is a matter for the Court as to whether they will go to prison and have their mental health issues treated whilst imprisoned, or whether they are "insane" in the legal sense, in which case they are detained at a Forensic Mental Health Unit. These are located at Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. The Acts described provide also for the transfer of patients between prisons and Forensic Mental Health Units, and the reasons for doing this.
New Zealand has found that closing its large country psychiatric hospitals and replacing them with small inpatient units, and a community care model, does not always mean better care. While many people were released who were able to adapt to, and become part of, their communities, some patients were unable to adapt. The current system is not set up for people who require long term closely supervised mental health care.
Singapore
The Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act was passed in 2008 to regulate the involuntary detention of a person in a psychiatric institution for the treatment of a mental disorder, or in the interest of the health and safety of the person or the persons around him.
South Africa
In South Africa, the Mental Health Care Act of 2002 allows for involuntary admission when a person with a mental illness, whose clinical presentation justifies admission, is deemed "likely to inflict serious harm to themselves or others." Additionally, involuntary admission may be necessary to protect the individual's "financial interests or reputation" if they refuse admission. The act sets out criteria and procedures to protect the individual's rights, such as the right to legal representation and the right to be heard at hearings, and well-being of the individual during the process of involuntary admission and treatment. The process involves an application for admission submitted to a mental health review board or a magistrate's court.
Switzerland
Switzerland has a high proportion of involuntary commitments (German: Zwangzulassung, French: placement forcé) compared to other European countries. Almost 25% of psychiatric patients were admitted involuntarily according to a 2009 study.
The conditions and procedure of involuntary commitments are regulated by Articles 426 to 439 of the Swiss Civil Code.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the process known in the United States as involuntary commitment is informally known as "detaining" or "sectioning," using various sections of the Mental Health Act 1983 (covering England and Wales), the Mental Health (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 and the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 that provide its legal basis.
In England and Wales, approved mental health professionals have a lead role in coordinating Mental Health Act assessments, which they conduct in cooperation with usually two medical practitioners. Under the Mental Health Act, detention is determined by utility and purpose. Mentally ill individuals may be detained under Section 2 for a period of assessment lasting up to 28 days or Section 3 for a period of treatment lasting up to 6 months (though this period can be renewed). Patients already on a ward may be detained under section 5(2) for up to 72 hours for the purposes of allowing an assessment to take place for Section 2 or 3. Separate sections deal with mentally ill criminal offenders. In all cases detention needs to be justified on the basis that the person has a mental disorder and poses a risk of harm to his/her own health, safety, or the safety of others (as determined by the 'Approved' Mental Health Professional(s)). A Section 3 detention can be applied for by the person's nearest relative or, if the nearest relative agrees, by an approved mental health professional (AMHP). More specifically, according to Article 11 of the Mental Health Act the AMHP can make an application that a person be detained for treatment under section 3 only if the AMHP has consulted the person who appears to be the patient's nearest relative (unless it is not reasonably practicable or would cause unreasonable delay) and if the nearest relative has not told the AMHP or the LSSA that they object.
Under the amended Mental Health Act 2007, which came into force in November 2008 to be detained under Section 3 for treatment, appropriate treatment must be available in the place of detention. Supervised Community treatment orders signifies that people can be discharged to the community on a conditional basis, remaining liable to recall to hospital if they break the conditions of the community treatment order.
In 2020, as part of the response to COVID-19, Parliament passed the Coronavirus Act 2020 which amends the Mental Health Act to allow for sectioning with the approval of only one medical practitioner.
United States
State law governs involuntary commitment, and procedures vary from state to state. In some jurisdictions, laws regarding the commitment of juveniles may vary, with what is the de facto involuntary commitment of a juvenile perhaps de jure defined as "voluntary" if his parents agree, though he may still have a right to protest and attempt to get released. However, there is a body of case law governing the civil commitment of individuals under the Fourteenth Amendment through Supreme Court rulings beginning in 1975 with the ruling that involuntary hospitalization and/or treatment violates an individual's civil rights in O'Connor v. Donaldson. This ruling forced individual states to change their statutes. For example, the individual must exhibit behavior that poses a danger to himself or others in order to be held, the hold must be for evaluation only, and a court order must be received for more than very short term treatment or hospitalization (typically no longer than 72 hours). This ruling has severely limited involuntary treatment and hospitalization in the U.S. In the U.S. the specifics of the relevant statutes vary from state to state.
In 1979, Addington v. Texas set the bar for involuntary commitment for treatment by raising the burden of proof required to commit persons from the usual civil burden of proof of "preponderance of the evidence" to the higher standard of "clear and convincing evidence".
An example of involuntary commitment procedures is the Baker Act used in Florida. Under this law, a person may be committed only if they present a danger to themselves or others. A police officer, doctor, nurse or licensed mental health professional may initiate an involuntary examination that lasts for up to 72 hours.
Within this time, two psychiatrists may ask a judge to extend the commitment and order involuntary treatment. The Baker Act also requires that all commitment orders be reviewed every six months in addition to ensuring certain rights to the committed including the right to contact outsiders. Also, a person under an involuntary commitment order has a right to counsel and a right to have the state provide a public defender if they cannot afford a lawyer.
While the Florida law allows police to initiate the examination, it is the recommendations of two psychiatrists that guide the decisions of the court.
In the 1990s, involuntary commitment laws were extended under various state laws commonly recognized under the umbrella term, SVP laws, to hold some convicted sex offenders in psychiatric facilities after their prison terms were completed. (This is generally referred to as "civil commitment," not "involuntary commitment," since involuntary commitment can be criminal or civil). This matter has been the subject of a number of cases before the Supreme Court, most notably Kansas v. Hendricks and United States v. Comstock in regard to the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, which does not require a conviction on sex offenses, but only that the person be in federal custody and be deemed a "sexually dangerous person".
Specific requirements by state
In Arizona, the government can mandate inpatient treatment for anyone determined to be "persistently or acutely disabled." Virtually anyone who suspects that someone has mental problems and needs help could file an application to a state-licensed healthcare agency for a court-ordered evaluation.
In Connecticut, individuals committed must possess "psychiatric disabilities and is dangerous to himself or herself or others or gravely disabled". "Gravely disabled" has usually been interpreted to mean that the person is unable on their own to obtain adequate food, shelter and clothing.
In Iowa, any "interested person" may begin commitment proceedings by submitting a written statement to the court. If the court finds that the respondent is "seriously mentally impaired," the respondent will be placed in a psychiatric hospital for further evaluation and possibly treatment. Further hearings are required at specific intervals for as long as the person is being involuntarily held.
The Michigan Mental Health Code provides that a person "whose judgment is so impaired that he or she is unable to understand his or her need for treatment and whose continued behavior as the result of this mental illness can reasonably be expected, on the basis of competent clinical opinion, to result in significant physical harm to himself or herself or others" may be subjected to involuntary commitment, a provision paralleled in the laws of many other jurisdictions.
The Michigan Mental Health Code allows for one to petition a court to order assisted outpatient treatment for patients with such impaired judgment, which compels them to comply with treatment to avoid relapses. One can petition for assisted outpatient treatment along with, or instead of, hospitalization.
In Nevada, prior to confining someone, the state must demonstrate that the person "is mentally ill and, because of that illness, is likely to harm himself or others if allowed his liberty."
In Oregon, the standard that the allegedly mentally ill person "Peter [h]as been committed and hospitalized twice in the last three years, is showing symptoms or behavior similar to those that preceded and led to a prior hospitalization and, unless treated, will continue, to a reasonable medical probability, to deteriorate to become a danger to self or others or unable to provide for basic needs" may be substituted for the danger to self or others standard.
In Texas, the standard is that, in the judgment of the person seeking involuntary commitment, 1) the person is mentally ill, and 2) because of that mental illness "there is a substantial risk of serious harm to the person or to others unless the person is immediately restrained".
The Utah standard is that the proposed patient has a mental illness that poses a substantial danger. "Substantial danger" means the person, by his or her behavior, due to mental illness: (a) is at serious risk to: (i) commit suicide, (ii) inflict serious bodily injury on himself or herself; or (iii) because of his or her actions or inaction, suffer serious bodily injury because he or she is incapable of providing the basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, and shelter; (b) is at serious risk to cause or attempt to cause serious bodily injury; or (c) has inflicted or attempted to inflict serious bodily injury on another.
In Wisconsin, the District II Wisconsin Court of Appeals ruled in 2011 that patients with Alzheimer's disease cannot be involuntary committed under Chapter 51 and can only be involuntarily committed for residential care and custody under Chapter 55. The court left open whether this applies also to persons with a dual diagnosis.
Controversy about liberty
The impact of involuntary commitment on the right of self-determination has been a cause of concern. Critics of involuntary commitment have advocated that "the due process protections... provided to criminal defendants" be extended to them. The Libertarian Party opposes the practice in its platform. Thomas Szasz and the anti-psychiatry movement have also been prominent in challenging involuntary commitment. The American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization (AAAIMH) was an organization founded in 1970 by Thomas Szasz, George Alexander, and Erving Goffman for the purpose of abolishing involuntary psychiatric intervention, particularly involuntary commitment, against individuals.
The founding of the AAAIMH was announced by Szasz in 1971 in the American Journal of Public Health and American Journal of Psychiatry. The association provided legal help to psychiatric patients and published a journal, The Abolitionist. The organization was dissolved in 1980.
A small number of individuals in the U.S. have opposed involuntary commitment in those cases in which the diagnosis forming the justification for the involuntary commitment rests, or the individuals say it rests, on the speech or writings of the person committed, saying that to deprive the person of liberty based in whole or part on such speech and writings violates the First Amendment. Other individuals have opposed involuntary commitment on the basis that they claim (despite the amendment generally being held to apply only to criminal cases) it violates the Fifth Amendment in a number of ways, particularly its privilege against self-incrimination, as the psychiatrically examined individual may not be free to remain silent, and such silence may actually be used as "proof" of his "mental illness".
Although patients involuntarily committed theoretically have a legal right to refuse treatment, refusal to take medications or participate in other treatments is noted by hospital staff. Court reviews usually are heavily weighted toward the hospital staff, with the patient input during such hearings minimal. In Kansas v. Hendricks, the U.S. Supreme Court found that civil commitment is constitutional regardless of whether any treatment is provided.
Alternatives
Accompanying deinstitutionalization was the development of laws expanding the power of courts to order people to take psychiatric medication on an outpatient basis. Though the practice had occasionally occurred earlier, outpatient commitment was used for many people who would otherwise have been involuntarily committed. The court orders often specified that a person who violated the court order and refused to take the medication would be subject to involuntary commitment.
Involuntary commitment is distinguished from conservatorship and guardianship. The intent of conservatorship or guardianship is to protect those not mentally able to handle their affairs from the effects of their bad decisions, particularly with respect to financial dealings. For example, a conservatorship might be used to take control of the finances of a person with dementia, so that the person's assets and income are used to meet their basic needs, e.g., by paying rent and utility bills.
Advance psychiatric directives may have a bearing on involuntary commitment.
Individual state policies and procedures
US military
The service member can be held under the so-called Boxer law (DoD Directive 6490.04).
California
District of Columbia
In the District of Columbia, any police officer, physician, or mental health professional can request to have an individual evaluated at St. Elizabeths Hospital, where they may be detained for up to 48 hours at the direction of the physician on duty. A family member or concerned citizen can also petition the Department of Mental Health, but the claim will be evaluated prior to the police acting upon it.
To be held further requires that a request be filed with the Department of Mental Health. However, this only can keep the patient involuntary admitted for up to seven days. For further commitment, the patient is evaluated by a mental health court, part of family court, for which the public defender assists the patient. This can result in the patient being held up to one year at which point the patient returns to mental health court.
This is different for someone first admitted to St. Elizabeths Hospital due to criminal charges. If found to not ever become competent for trial, they will be evaluated via a Jackson hearing for possible continued commitment to protect the public. If they have been found not guilty by reason of insanity, their dangerousness is evaluated at a Bolton Hearing.
Florida
Maryland
In Maryland, any person may request, via an Emergency Evaluation form, that another individual be evaluated against their will by an emergency room physician for involuntary admission. If the judge concurs, he will direct the police to escort the individual to the hospital. A licensed physician, psychologist, social worker, or nurse practitioner who has examined the patient or a police officer may bring a potential patient to the emergency room for forced evaluation without approval from a judge. The patient may be kept in the hospital for up to thirty hours.
If by then two physicians, or one physician and one psychologist then decide that the patient meets the Maryland criteria for an involuntary psychiatric admission, then he or she may be kept inpatient involuntarily for up to ten days. During this time, an administrative law judge determines if the following criteria for longer civil commitment are met:
a person has a mental illness;
a person needs inpatient care or treatment;
a person presents a danger to themselves or to others;
a person is unable or unwilling to be admitted voluntarily;
there is no available, less restrictive form of care or treatment to meet the person's needs.
Texas
In Texas a person may be subject to involuntary commitment by:
A peace officer, without a warrant, if A) the officer believes that 1) the person is mentally ill, 2) because of that mental illness "there is a substantial risk of serious harm to the person or to others unless the person is immediately restrained", and B) the officer also believes that there is insufficient time to obtain a warrant.
A guardian of the person of a ward under the age of 18, if the guardian believes that 1) the ward is mentally ill, 2) because of that mental illness "there is a substantial risk of serious harm to the ward or to others unless the ward is immediately restrained".
An adult may file an application for emergency detention of another person; the application must meet seven outlined items which indicate that, in the applicant's belief, that the person to be detained is mentally ill and poses a threat to the person or to others, why the person considers this to be the case, and the relationship of the applicant to the person.
A person cannot be held for more than 48 hours, and must be released by 4 PM on the day the 48-hour period ends, unless:
a written order for protective custody is obtained,
the 48-hour period ends on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, or before 4 PM on the first succeeding business day (in which case the person may only be held until 4 PM on the first succeeding business day), or
if extremely hazardous weather events exist or a disaster occurs (in which case, the period may be extended in 24-hour increments by written order specifically stating the weather event or disaster).
Upon release, unless the person was arrested or objects, the person (at the expense of the county where s/he was apprehended) must be transported to either 1) the place where s/he was apprehended, 2) the person's residence in the state, or 3) another suitable location.
Virginia
As of 2008, Virginia was one of only five states requiring imminent danger to involuntarily commit someone. But after the Virginia Tech Massacre, there was significant political consensus to strengthen the protections for society and allow more leniency in determining that an individual needed to be committed against their will.
the person has a mental illness and there is a substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness, the person will, in the near future, (1) cause serious physical harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting, or threatening harm and other relevant information, if any
the person has a mental illness and there is a substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness, the person will, in the near future, (2) suffer serious harm due to his lack of capacity to protect himself from harm or to provide for his basic human needs
"Imminent danger" was found to have too much variability throughout Virginia due to vagueness. The new standard is more specific in that substantial likelihood is more clear. However, to not limit potential detainee's freedoms too much it is characterized by the time limit of near future. "Recent acts" is legally established to require more than a mere recitation of past events.
References
Involuntary commitment |
Sandesh Prakash Gulhane (born 1982) is a British doctor and Conservative politician who has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region since May 2021. He is the Scottish Conservative Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care. Gulhane is the first Hindu and first man of Indian descent to be elected to the Scottish Parliament.
Background
Gulhane was born and educated in London, England; he has two children. His parents were from the city of Amravati, in Maharashtra, India.
He studied at Imperial College London, having been a doctor since 2006. He operated as a general practitioner in Glasgow, having previously worked as an orthopaedic registrar in hospitals in the city and East Kilbride, after moving to Scotland around 2011. Before then, he was based in Birmingham and Newcastle upon Tyne. He was Club Doctor as part of the medical staff of SPFL football club Queens Park F.C. from 2017 until August 2021. Gulhane continues to work one day per week as a GP.
Political career
Gulhane stood as the Conservative candidate for the Glasgow Pollok constituency and Glasgow regional list at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, and was elected for the Glasgow region.
On 16 September 2021, Gulhane was appointed as Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care, following the resignation of Annie Wells from the role.
In August 2023, he announced his candidacy to be the Conservative prospective parliamentary candidate in East Renfrewshire at the next general election.
See also
List of British Indians
List of ethnic minority politicians in the United Kingdom
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Politicians from London
British general practitioners
Conservative MSPs
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–2026
Queen's Park F.C. non-playing staff
British Hindus
British people of Indian descent
British people of Marathi descent |
Nail prick or quicking occurs in a horse if the sensitive hoof structures (usually the sensitive laminae) are penetrated by a horseshoe nail being driven through the hoof wall while shoeing. The nail creates a wound on the inside of the hoof wall.
A close nail or a nail bind is the placement of a horseshoe nail so close to the sensitive structures inside the horse's hoof that it causes discomfort to the horse. The nail is not necessarily placed in the sensitive structures itself, but creates a pressure on the quick of the horse's hoof.
Nail prick is also simply called horse shoe nail misplacement. Horse shoe nail misplacement has several names and the terminology is not always used with exactly the same meaning. It is also called to puncture, to pinch, to prick, or to quick a horse. Quicking or nail-quicked is used both for the actual penetration (pricking) into the area with sensitive tissue of the horse's hoof and about a close nail that exerts pressure on the sensitive tissue. Colloquially it is also called hot nail.
Cause
If the nail takes the wrong direction and penetrates inside the hoofwall it leads to bleeding and pressure inside the sole. This area is rich in blood vessels and nerves and damage here is very painful to the horse. Nail prick can occur due to poorly made horseshoes, misdirected nails, too large nails, poorly placed nail holes, and faulty nails. Horses with poor hoof quality, thin hoof walls, or flaring hoof walls are difficult to nail and there is an increased risk of nail prick. Nail prick is due to a horseshoe nail penetrating the hoof wall and coming too close to or penetrating the sensitive structures inside the horse's hoof. Nail prick can happen to the best of farriers especially if the horse is fractious or young and has not been previously shod.
Symptoms
The symptoms of nail prick are varying degrees of lameness in the horse. Nail pricking leads to the horse going lame at once. A close nail leads to the horse going lame after some days. Placing the thongs on the head of the nail is a way to identify which nail is the cause. If the faulty nail are taken out at once the horse will have few symptoms of pain (whether or not there is blood from the hole). The hoof will turn warm and by feeling the arteries to the hoof an increased pulsation can be felt. When the hoof is inspected the horse can feel pain when pressure is applied to the damaged area.
Treatment
It is primarily the farrier who takes care of nail prick and close nails.
If the nail prick is discovered at once further treatment is usually not necessary. Sometimes the whole shoe is taken off. If there is suspicion of dirt or bacteria having entered the wound together with the nail the nailhole should be enlarged to obtain drainage and the nail hole can be irrigated with dimethyl sulfoxide, povidone-iodine solution, or hydrogen peroxide.
Veterinary treatment includes taking the shoe off, cutting the hoof clean and opening the nail hole to allow drainage. If the horse is in pain anesthesia of the nerve is given. The hole is irrigated and the hole can be packed with iodine-soaked cotton. Superficial infections may only need one treatment. The horse can be given an antiseptic foot bandage for 3–4 days and then be shod if the lameness is gone. The prognosis is usually good provided that minimal damage occurs to vatial structures of the foot. Tetanus prophylaxis is used for unvaccinated horses.
See also
Horseshoe
Farrier
Horse hoof
Laminitis
References
Equine hoof
Horseshoes
Farriery |
Arrés is a locality located in the municipality of Bailo, Spain, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 41.
Geography
Arrés is located 73km northwest of Huesca.
References
Populated places in the Province of Huesca |
Kumari, Kumari Devi, or the Living Goddess is the tradition of worshipping a chosen virgin as manifestations of the divine female energy or Shakti in Dharmic Nepali religious traditions. It is believed that the girl is possessed by the goddess Taleju or Durga. The word Kumari is derived from Sanskrit meaning princess. The procession is akin to Indra or Sakra, taking Indrani to his celestial abode as his bride. The festival is celebrated during Kumari Jantra, which follows the Indra Jatri religious ceremony.
In Nepal, a Kumari is a prepubescent girl selected from the Shakya clan of the Nepalese Newari Buddhist community. The Kumari is revered and worshiped by some of the country's Hindus too. While there are several Kumaris throughout Nepal, with some cities having several, the best known is the Royal Kumari of Kathmandu, and she lives in the Kumari Ghar, a palace in the center of the city. The selection process for her is especially rigorous. As of 2023, the Royal Kumari of Kathmandu is Trishna Shakya, aged five, installed in September 2017. Unika Bajracharya, selected in April 2014 as the Kumari of Patan, is the second most important living goddess.
In Kathmandu Valley, this is a particularly prevalent practice. It is believed to be the incarnation of Taleju, a manifestation of the goddess Durga. When her first menstruation begins, it is believed that the deity vacates her body. Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury also causes loss of deity.
The Kumari tradition is only followed in a few cities in Nepal, which are Kathmandu, Lalitpur (also called Patan), Bhaktapur, Sankhu, and Bungamati. The selection process and roles of the Kumari vary between the different towns.
Philosophy and scriptures
The worship of the goddess in a young girl represents the worship of divine consciousness spread all over the creation. As the supreme goddess is thought to have manifested this entire cosmos out of her womb, she exists equally in animate as well as inanimate objects. While worship of an idol represents the worship and recognition of supreme through inanimate materials, worship of a human represents veneration and recognition of the same supreme in conscious beings.
In the Shakta text Devi Mahatmyam, or Chandi, the goddess is said to have declared that she resides in all female living beings in this universe. The entire ritual of Kumari is based on this verse. But while worshipping a goddess, only a young girl is chosen over a mature woman because of their inherent purity and chastity.
Hindu scriptures, such as the Jñanarnava Rudrayamala tantra, assign names to a Kumari depending on her age:
In Nepal, Kumaris are worshiped only for a day; these names are assigned only while the ritual lasts, often a few hours. Usually one cannot be a Kumari beyond 16 years of age because of menarche. In Bungamati, the Kumari reigns until her first milk tooth falls out.
The main target of a Kumari puja is to realize the potential divinity in every human being, mostly female. A Hindu spiritual aspirant sees the universal consciousness of humanity.
History in Nepal
Whilst the veneration of a living Kumari in Nepal is relatively recent, dating only from the 17th century, the tradition of Kumari-Puja, or virgin worship, has been around for much longer. There is evidence of virgin worship taking place in Nepal for more than 2,300 years. It appears to have taken hold in Nepal in the 6th century. There is written evidence describing the selection, ornamentation, and worship of the Kumari dating from the 13th century CE.
There are several legends telling how the current tradition of the Kumari began. Most of the legends, however, involve the tale of King Jayaprakash Malla, the last Nepalese king of the Malla Dynasty (12th–17th century CE). According to the most popular legend, a king and his friend, the goddess Taleju, approached his chambers late one night as he played tripasa, a dice game. The goddess came along every night to play the game with the condition that the king refrains from telling anyone about their meetings.
One night, the king's wife followed him to his chamber in order to find out who the king was meeting so often. The king's wife saw Taleju, and the goddess was angered. She told the king that if he wanted to see her again or have her protect his country, he would have to search for her among the Newari (Shakya) community of Ratnawali, as she would be incarnated as a little girl among them. Hoping to make amends with his patroness, King Jayaprakash Malla left the palace in search of the young girl who was possessed by Taleju.
Similarly, there is another story about the disappearance of Taleju. Some believe that the goddess visited King Trailokya Malla every night in the human form. Like other legendary stories, the king and the goddess played tripasa (dice) while discussing the welfare of the country. However, one night, King Trailokya Malla made sexual advances towards the goddess Taleju. As a result, the goddess in rage stopped visiting the palace. The king in regret worshiped and pleaded for her return. Finally, the goddess agreed to appear in the body of a virgin girl from the Shakya family.
Even today, a mother's dream of a red serpent is believed to be a portent of the elevation of her daughter to the position of Royal Kumari. And each year, the Nepalese King seeks the blessing of the Royal Kumari at the festival of Indra Jatra. This tradition has changed from 2008 A.D. with the country becoming one of the youngest republics in the world.
A variation of this and other legends names King Gunkam Dev, a 12th-century ancestor of King Jayaprakash Malla, as the main character rather than Jayaprakash Malla.
A third variation of the legend says that during the reign of King Jayaprakash Malla, a young girl was banished from the city because it was feared that she was possessed by the goddess Durga. When the queen learned of the young girl's fate, she became enraged and insisted that the king fetch the girl and install her as the living incarnation of Durga.
Selection process
Once Taleju has left the sitting Kumari, there is a frenzy of activity to find her successor. The selection process is conducted by five senior Buddhist Vajracharya priests, the Panch Buddha, the Bada Guruju or Chief Royal Priest, Achajau, the priest of Taleju and the royal astrologer. The king and other religious leaders that might know of eligible candidates are also informed that a search is underway.
Eligible girls are from the Newar Shakya caste of silver and goldsmiths. She must be in excellent health, never have shed blood or been afflicted by any diseases, be without blemish, and must not have yet lost any teeth. Girls who pass these basic eligibility requirements are examined for the battis lakshanas, or thirty-two perfections of a goddess. Some of these are poetically listed as such:
A neck like a conch shell
A body like a banyan tree
Eyelashes like a cow
Thighs like a deer
Chest like a lion
Voice soft and clear as a duck's
In addition to this, her hair and eyes should be very black, and she should have dainty hands and feet, small and well-recessed sexual organs, and a set of twenty teeth.
The girl is also observed for signs of serenity and fearlessness, and her horoscope is examined to ensure that it is complementary to the king's. It is important that there not be any conflicts, as she must confirm the king's legitimacy each year of her divinity. Her family is also scrutinized to ensure its piety and devotion to the king.
Once the priests have chosen a candidate, she must undergo yet more rigorous tests to ensure that she indeed possesses the qualities necessary to be the living vessel of Durga. Her greatest test comes during the Hindu festival of Dashain, also known as Vijaya Dashami. On the Kalaratri, or "black night", 108 buffaloes and goats are sacrificed to the goddess Kali. The young candidate is taken into the Taleju temple and released into the courtyard, where the severed heads of the animals are illuminated by candlelight and masked men are dancing about. If the candidate truly possesses the qualities of Taleju, she shows no fear during this experience. If she does, another candidate is brought in to attempt the same thing.
In the next test, the living goddess must spend a night alone in a room among the heads of ritually slaughtered goats and buffaloes without showing fear. The fearless candidate has proven that she has the serenity and the fearlessness that typifies the goddess who is to inhabit her. After passing all other tests, the final test is that she must be able to pick out the personal belongings of the previous Kumari from an assortment of things laid out before her. If she is able to do so, there is no remaining doubt that she is the chosen one.
There are claims contrary to the commonly believed ritual and screening process, however. The ex-Royal Kumari Rashmila Shakya states in her autobiography, From Goddess to Mortal, that this has nothing to do with the selection process, but rather is a ritual the Royal Kumari goes through each year, that there are no men dancing around in masks trying to scare her, and that at most, there are only a dozen or so decapitated animal heads in the scary room test. She also describes the requisite physical examination of each Kumari as neither intimate nor rigorous.
Once the Kumari is chosen, she must be purified so that she can be an unblemished vessel for Taleju. She is taken by the priests to undergo a number of secret Tantric rituals to cleanse her body and spirit of her past experiences. Once these rituals are completed, Taleju enters her, and she is presented as the new Kumari. She is dressed and made up as a Kumari and then leaves the Taleju temple and walks across the square on a white cloth to the Kumari Ghar, which will be her home for the duration of her divinity.
Life of the Royal Kumari
Once the chosen girl completes the Tantric purification rites and crosses from the temple on a white cloth to the Kumari Ghar to assume her throne, her life takes on an entirely new character. She will leave her palace only on ceremonial occasions. Her family will visit her rarely, and then only in a formal capacity. Her playmates will be drawn from a narrow pool of Newari children from her caste, usually the children of her caretakers. She will always be dressed in red and gold, wear her hair in a topknot, and have the agni chakshu, or "fire eye", painted on her forehead as a symbol of her special powers of perception.
The Royal Kumari's new life is vastly different from the one to which she has been accustomed in her short life. Whilst her life is now free of material troubles, she has ceremonial duties to carry out. Although she is not ordered about, she is expected to behave as befits a goddess. She has shown the correct qualities during the selection process, and her continued serenity is of paramount importance; an ill-tempered goddess is believed to portend bad tidings for those petitioning her.
The Kumari's walk across the Durbar Square is the last time her feet will touch the ground until such time as the goddess departs from her body. From now on, when she ventures outside of her palace, she will be carried or transported in her golden palanquin. Her feet, like all of her, are now sacred. Petitioners will touch them, hoping to receive respite from troubles and illnesses. The king himself will kiss them each year when he comes to seek her blessing. She will never wear shoes; if her feet are covered at all, they will be covered with red stockings.
The power of the Kumari is perceived to be so strong that even a glimpse of her is believed to bring good fortune. Crowds of people wait below the Kumari's window in the Kumari Chowk, or courtyard, of her palace, hoping that she will pass by the latticed windows on the third floor and glance down at them. Even though her irregular appearances last only a few seconds, the atmosphere in the courtyard is charged with devotion and awe when they do occur.
The more fortunate, or better connected, petitioners visit the Kumari in her chambers, where she sits upon a gilded lion throne. Many of those visiting her are people suffering from blood or menstrual disorders since the Kumari is believed to have special power over such illnesses. She is also visited by bureaucrats and other government officials. Petitioners customarily bring gifts and food offerings to the Kumari, who receives them in silence. Upon arrival, she offers them her feet to touch or kiss as an act of devotion. During these audiences, the Kumari is closely watched, and her actions interpreted as a prediction of the petitioners' lives, as follows:
Crying or loud laughter: Serious illness or death
Weeping or rubbing eyes: Imminent death
Trembling: Imprisonment
Hand clapping: Reason to fear the king
Picking at food offerings: Financial losses
If the Kumari remains silent and impassive throughout the audience, her devotees leave elated. This is the sign that their wishes have been granted.
Many people attend to the Kumari's needs. These people are known as the Kumarimi and are headed by the patron. Their job is very difficult. They must attend to the Kumari's every need and desire while giving her instruction in her ceremonial duties. While they cannot directly order her to do anything, they must guide her through her life. They are responsible for bathing her, dressing her, and attending to her makeup, as well as preparing her for her visitors and for ceremonial occasions.
Traditionally, the Kumari received no education, as she was widely considered to be omniscient. However, modernization has made it necessary for her to have an education once she re-enters mortal life. Kumaris are now allowed to attend public schools and have a life inside the classroom that is no different from that of other students. While many kumaris, such as the Kumari of Bhaktapur, attend school, others, such as the main kumari in Kathmandu, receive their education through private tutors.
Similarly, her limited playmates must learn to respect her. Since her every wish must be granted, they must learn to surrender to her whatever they have that she may want and to defer to her wishes in what games to play or activities to play.
List of Kumaris
Controversy
On 3 July 2007, Sajani Shakya was removed from her position as Kumari of Bhaktapur after visiting the United States to attend the release of the movie Living Goddess at Silverdocs, the American Film Institute/Discovery Channel documentary festival in downtown Silver Spring, Maryland. The visit, according to the elders, had tainted her purity. A couple of weeks later, temple authorities at Sajani Shakya's hometown recanted their previous statement and said that she would not be stripped of her title because she was willing to undergo a "cleansing" ceremony to remove any sins she might have committed while traveling.
Popular culture
The Kumari was featured in the 25 October 2015 episode of the CBS drama series Madam Secretary (season 2, episode 4), titled "Waiting for Taleju". In the episode, fictional US Secretary of State Elizabeth McCord meets with the Kumari in hopes of gaining support for a deal that will help secure US disaster relief funds in the wake of the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.
In the Korean webtoon series For the Sake of Sita, the female lead character was a Kumari in Nepal.
In the novel The Lives of Christopher Chant by Diana Wynne Jones, the character of the Living Asheth is a little girl worshipped as a goddess in one of the worlds visited by the main character and is based heavily on the Kumari, being the incarnation of a goddess and having to live by strict rules of ritual purity.
In the Netflix limited series The Serpent episode 4, Monique sees a Kumari girl from outside of the temple.
In the 2016 Indian film Kaashmora, The reincarnation of Rathna Mahadevi (Nayanthara's character), is portrayed as a girl dressed like a Kumari.
See also
Indrani
Devi Kanya Kumari
Kaumari
Kanwari
Matrikas
References
Shakya, Durga, Kumari House. Retrieved 12 July 2004 from
External links
Nepal Information: Details about Kumari Devi
Bhaktapur Kumari visits US – photos and video of Kumari visiting the US
PhotoEssay- Kumari-virgin-goddess
7-year-old girl declared as Royal Kumari of Kathmandu - published at 2016-Sep-09; retrieved at 2016-Dec-13.
Hindu goddesses
Virgin goddesses
Temples in Nepal
Newar
Buddhism in Nepal
Hinduism in Nepal
Hinduism and children
Buddhism and children
Nepalese religious leaders
Female buddhas and supernatural beings
Deified women
Social history of Nepal |
Imran Shah may refer to:
Imran Shah (writer)
Imran Shah (cricketer)
Imran Shah (field hockey) |
Ling Zhen is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Heaven Shaking Thunder", he ranks 52nd among the 108 Stars of Destiny and 16th among the 72 Earthly Fiends.
Ling Zhen thisn, a native of Yanling (燕陵; believed to be present-day Yanling County, Henan), is good in archery and fights well. But he is better known for his skill in the making and firing of cannons. The top cannoneer in the Song Empire during his time, he serves as an artillery officer in the imperial capital Dongjing.
Becoming an outlaw
Emperor Huizong appoints Huyan Zhuo to exterminate the bandits of Liangshan Marsh, at the recommendation of Grand Marshal Gao Qiu, whose cousin Gao Lian, governor of Gaotangzhou, was defeated and killed by the outlaws.
In his first encounter with Liangshan, Huyan is shaken by the capture of Peng Qi, one of his two lieutenants, by the bandits. But he gains the upper hand with his cavalry consisting of groups of chain-linked armoured horses, which charge forward in unison. Overwhelmed, the outlaws have to hole up in their stronghold with the marsh as the buffer as they ponder how to counterattack . Unable to cross the waters, Huyan writes to request the court to send Ling Zhen, who could assail the bandits with cannons. Ling arrives and shells the stronghold, with some cannons hitting the shores beyond the marsh, shocking the outlaws.
Wu Yong sends swimmers to steal up to Ling Zheng's artillery platform set up by the bank and overturn it. Incensed, Ling chases after the saboteurs, who lure him into the marsh. His boat is capsized there by men hiding under water. Captured and brought before Song Jiang, Ling is won over by the latter's warm treatment. He later contributes to the defeat of Huyan Zhuo by startling his cavalry horses with cannon blasts while Liangshan's hooked lance squad pull them to the ground.
Campaigns
Ling Zhen is put in charge of the making of cannons after the 108 Stars of Destiny came together in what is called the Grand Assembly. In battles he would deploy and fire cannons when required. He participates in the campaigns against the Liao invaders and rebel forces in Song territory following amnesty from Emperor Huizong for Liangshan. In the campaign against Fang La, Ling Zhen is often called upon to bombard enemy cities to create chaos before attack commences.
Ling Zhen is one of the few Liangshan heroes who survive all the campaigns. He is reinstated as artillery officer in the imperial army.
References
72 Earthly Fiends
Fictional characters from Henan |
KOMS (107.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic country format. It licensed to Poteau, Oklahoma, United States, and serves the Fort Smith area. The station is owned by Cumulus Media.
External links
BigCountry1073.com
Country radio stations in the United States
OMS
Cumulus Media radio stations |
```python
"""
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the
names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
"""
from itertools import count, takewhile
from typing import Iterator
import logging
import time
from asyncio import sleep
from bleak import BleakClient
from bleak.backends.characteristic import BleakGATTCharacteristic
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class BleStream:
def __init__(self, client, service_uuid, tx_char_uuid, rx_char_uuid):
self.__receive_buffer = b''
self.__last_recv_time = None
self.client = client
self.service_uuid = service_uuid
self.tx_char_uuid = tx_char_uuid
self.rx_char_uuid = rx_char_uuid
async def __aenter__(self):
return self
async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
if self.client.is_connected:
await self.client.disconnect()
def __handle_rx(self, _: BleakGATTCharacteristic, data: bytearray):
logger.debug(f'received {len(data)} bytes')
self.__receive_buffer += data
self.__last_recv_time = time.time()
@staticmethod
def __sliced(data: bytes, n: int) -> Iterator[bytes]:
return takewhile(len, (data[i:i + n] for i in count(0, n)))
@classmethod
async def create(cls, address, service_uuid, tx_char_uuid, rx_char_uuid):
client = BleakClient(address)
await client.connect()
self = cls(client, service_uuid, tx_char_uuid, rx_char_uuid)
await client.start_notify(self.tx_char_uuid, self.__handle_rx)
return self
async def send(self, data):
logger.debug(f'sending {data}')
services = self.client.services.get_service(self.service_uuid)
rx_char = services.get_characteristic(self.rx_char_uuid)
for s in BleStream.__sliced(data, rx_char.max_write_without_response_size):
await self.client.write_gatt_char(rx_char, s)
return len(data)
async def recv(self, bufsize, recv_timeout=0.2):
if not self.__receive_buffer:
return b''
while time.time() - self.__last_recv_time <= recv_timeout:
await sleep(0.1)
message = self.__receive_buffer[:bufsize]
self.__receive_buffer = self.__receive_buffer[bufsize:]
logger.debug(f'retrieved {message}')
return message
``` |
```xml
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<Import Project="..\..\Configuration.props" />
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>$(DotNetTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
<DefineConstants>ILLINK</DefineConstants>
<AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
<OutputPath>$(MicrosoftAndroidSdkOutDir)</OutputPath>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.ILLink" Version="$(MicrosoftNETILLinkTasksPackageVersion)" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="False" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\obj\$(Configuration)\Profile.g.cs" Link="Profile.g.cs" />
<!--Include shared linker sources-->
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\AddKeepAlivesStep.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\AddKeepAlivesStep.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\AndroidLinkConfiguration.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\AndroidLinkConfiguration.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\Extensions.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\Extensions.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\FixAbstractMethodsStep.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\FixAbstractMethodsStep.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\FixLegacyResourceDesignerStep.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\FixLegacyResourceDesignerStep.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\LinkDesignerBase.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\LinkDesignerBase.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\RemoveResourceDesignerStep.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\RemoveResourceDesignerStep.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\MonoDroid.Tuner\MonoDroidProfile.cs" Link="MonoDroid.Tuner\MonoDroidProfile.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Linker\Mobile.Tuner\MobileProfile.cs" Link="Mobile.Tuner\MobileProfile.cs" />
<!--Other .NET for Android / Java.Interop files-->
<Compile Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\src\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\CustomAttributeProviderRocks.cs" Link="Java.Interop\CustomAttributeProviderRocks.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\src\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\MethodDefinitionRocks.cs" Link="Java.Interop\MethodDefinitionRocks.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\src\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\TypeDefinitionCache.cs" Link="Java.Interop\TypeDefinitionCache.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\src\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\Java.Interop.Tools.Cecil\TypeDefinitionRocks.cs" Link="Java.Interop\TypeDefinitionRocks.cs" />
<Compile Include="..\Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks\Utilities\MonoAndroidHelper.Linker.cs" Link="Utilities\MonoAndroidHelper.Linker.cs" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Folder Include="Java.Interop\" />
<Folder Include="Utilities\" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)PreserveLists\*.xml">
<Link>..\PreserveLists\%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
</None>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Update="Properties\Resources.Designer.cs">
<DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
<AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
<DependentUpon>Resources.resx</DependentUpon>
</Compile>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<EmbeddedResource Update="Properties\Resources.resx">
<Generator>PublicResXFileCodeGenerator</Generator>
<LastGenOutput>Resources.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
</EmbeddedResource>
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
``` |
```php
<?php
namespace Spatie\SchemaOrg;
use Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract;
use Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DrawingContract;
use Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ThingContract;
/**
* A picture or diagram made with a pencil, pen, or crayon rather than paint.
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*
*/
class Drawing extends BaseType implements DrawingContract, CreativeWorkContract, ThingContract
{
/**
* The subject matter of the content.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ThingContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ThingContract[] $about
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function about($about)
{
return $this->setProperty('about', $about);
}
/**
* An abstract is a short description that summarizes a [[CreativeWork]].
*
* @param string|string[] $abstract
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function abstract($abstract)
{
return $this->setProperty('abstract', $abstract);
}
/**
* The human sensory perceptual system or cognitive faculty through which a
* person may process or perceive information. Values should be drawn from
* the [approved
* vocabulary](path_to_url#accessMode-vocabulary).
*
* @param string|string[] $accessMode
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function accessMode($accessMode)
{
return $this->setProperty('accessMode', $accessMode);
}
/**
* A list of single or combined accessModes that are sufficient to
* understand all the intellectual content of a resource. Values should be
* drawn from the [approved
* vocabulary](path_to_url#accessModeSufficient-vocabulary).
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ItemListContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ItemListContract[] $accessModeSufficient
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function accessModeSufficient($accessModeSufficient)
{
return $this->setProperty('accessModeSufficient', $accessModeSufficient);
}
/**
* Indicates that the resource is compatible with the referenced
* accessibility API. Values should be drawn from the [approved
* vocabulary](path_to_url#accessibilityAPI-vocabulary).
*
* @param string|string[] $accessibilityAPI
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function accessibilityAPI($accessibilityAPI)
{
return $this->setProperty('accessibilityAPI', $accessibilityAPI);
}
/**
* Identifies input methods that are sufficient to fully control the
* described resource. Values should be drawn from the [approved
* vocabulary](path_to_url#accessibilityControl-vocabulary).
*
* @param string|string[] $accessibilityControl
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function accessibilityControl($accessibilityControl)
{
return $this->setProperty('accessibilityControl', $accessibilityControl);
}
/**
* Content features of the resource, such as accessible media, alternatives
* and supported enhancements for accessibility. Values should be drawn from
* the [approved
* vocabulary](path_to_url#accessibilityFeature-vocabulary).
*
* @param string|string[] $accessibilityFeature
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function accessibilityFeature($accessibilityFeature)
{
return $this->setProperty('accessibilityFeature', $accessibilityFeature);
}
/**
* A characteristic of the described resource that is physiologically
* dangerous to some users. Related to WCAG 2.0 guideline 2.3. Values should
* be drawn from the [approved
* vocabulary](path_to_url#accessibilityHazard-vocabulary).
*
* @param string|string[] $accessibilityHazard
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function accessibilityHazard($accessibilityHazard)
{
return $this->setProperty('accessibilityHazard', $accessibilityHazard);
}
/**
* A human-readable summary of specific accessibility features or
* deficiencies, consistent with the other accessibility metadata but
* expressing subtleties such as "short descriptions are present but long
* descriptions will be needed for non-visual users" or "short descriptions
* are present and no long descriptions are needed".
*
* @param string|string[] $accessibilitySummary
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function accessibilitySummary($accessibilitySummary)
{
return $this->setProperty('accessibilitySummary', $accessibilitySummary);
}
/**
* Specifies the Person that is legally accountable for the CreativeWork.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $accountablePerson
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function accountablePerson($accountablePerson)
{
return $this->setProperty('accountablePerson', $accountablePerson);
}
/**
* Indicates a page documenting how licenses can be purchased or otherwise
* acquired, for the current item.
*
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
{
}
/**
* An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific
* types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a
* relationship between something and a class that the thing is in.
* Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case
* corresponds to the
* use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases
* where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate
* schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should
* follow the schema.org [style
* guide](path_to_url
*
* @param string|string[] $additionalType
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function additionalType($additionalType)
{
return $this->setProperty('additionalType', $additionalType);
}
/**
* The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the
* item.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AggregateRatingContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AggregateRatingContract[] $aggregateRating
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function aggregateRating($aggregateRating)
{
return $this->setProperty('aggregateRating', $aggregateRating);
}
/**
* An alias for the item.
*
* @param string|string[] $alternateName
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function alternateName($alternateName)
{
return $this->setProperty('alternateName', $alternateName);
}
/**
* A secondary title of the CreativeWork.
*
* @param string|string[] $alternativeHeadline
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function alternativeHeadline($alternativeHeadline)
{
return $this->setProperty('alternativeHeadline', $alternativeHeadline);
}
/**
* Indicates a page or other link involved in archival of a
* [[CreativeWork]]. In the case of [[MediaReview]], the items in a
* [[MediaReviewItem]] may often become inaccessible, but be archived by
* archival, journalistic, activist, or law enforcement organizations. In
* such cases, the referenced page may not directly publish the content.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\WebPageContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\WebPageContract[]|string|string[] $archivedAt
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function archivedAt($archivedAt)
{
return $this->setProperty('archivedAt', $archivedAt);
}
/**
* The item being described is intended to assess the competency or learning
* outcome defined by the referenced term.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $assesses
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function assesses($assesses)
{
return $this->setProperty('assesses', $assesses);
}
/**
* A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym
* for encoding.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MediaObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MediaObjectContract[] $associatedMedia
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function associatedMedia($associatedMedia)
{
return $this->setProperty('associatedMedia', $associatedMedia);
}
/**
* An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AudienceContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AudienceContract[] $audience
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function audience($audience)
{
return $this->setProperty('audience', $audience);
}
/**
* An embedded audio object.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AudioObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AudioObjectContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ClipContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ClipContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MusicRecordingContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MusicRecordingContract[] $audio
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function audio($audio)
{
return $this->setProperty('audio', $audio);
}
/**
* The author of this content or rating. Please note that author is special
* in that HTML 5 provides a special mechanism for indicating authorship via
* the rel tag. That is equivalent to this and may be used interchangeably.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $author
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function author($author)
{
return $this->setProperty('author', $author);
}
/**
* An award won by or for this item.
*
* @param string|string[] $award
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function award($award)
{
return $this->setProperty('award', $award);
}
/**
* Awards won by or for this item.
*
* @param string|string[] $awards
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function awards($awards)
{
return $this->setProperty('awards', $awards);
}
/**
* Fictional person connected with a creative work.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $character
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function character($character)
{
return $this->setProperty('character', $character);
}
/**
* A citation or reference to another creative work, such as another
* publication, web page, scholarly article, etc.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|string|string[] $citation
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function citation($citation)
{
return $this->setProperty('citation', $citation);
}
/**
* Comments, typically from users.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CommentContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CommentContract[] $comment
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function comment($comment)
{
return $this->setProperty('comment', $comment);
}
/**
* The number of comments this CreativeWork (e.g. Article, Question or
* Answer) has received. This is most applicable to works published in Web
* sites with commenting system; additional comments may exist elsewhere.
*
* @param int|int[] $commentCount
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function commentCount($commentCount)
{
return $this->setProperty('commentCount', $commentCount);
}
/**
* Conditions that affect the availability of, or method(s) of access to, an
* item. Typically used for real world items such as an [[ArchiveComponent]]
* held by an [[ArchiveOrganization]]. This property is not suitable for use
* as a general Web access control mechanism. It is expressed only in
* natural language.
*
* For example "Available by appointment from the Reading Room" or
* "Accessible only from logged-in accounts ".
*
* @param string|string[] $conditionsOfAccess
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function conditionsOfAccess($conditionsOfAccess)
{
return $this->setProperty('conditionsOfAccess', $conditionsOfAccess);
}
/**
* The location depicted or described in the content. For example, the
* location in a photograph or painting.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract[] $contentLocation
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function contentLocation($contentLocation)
{
return $this->setProperty('contentLocation', $contentLocation);
}
/**
* Official rating of a piece of content—for example, 'MPAA PG-13'.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\RatingContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\RatingContract[]|string|string[] $contentRating
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function contentRating($contentRating)
{
return $this->setProperty('contentRating', $contentRating);
}
/**
* The specific time described by a creative work, for works (e.g. articles,
* video objects etc.) that emphasise a particular moment within an Event.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[] $contentReferenceTime
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function contentReferenceTime($contentReferenceTime)
{
return $this->setProperty('contentReferenceTime', $contentReferenceTime);
}
/**
* A secondary contributor to the CreativeWork or Event.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $contributor
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function contributor($contributor)
{
return $this->setProperty('contributor', $contributor);
}
/**
* The party holding the legal copyright to the CreativeWork.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $copyrightHolder
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function copyrightHolder($copyrightHolder)
{
return $this->setProperty('copyrightHolder', $copyrightHolder);
}
/**
* Text of a notice appropriate for describing the copyright aspects of this
* Creative Work, ideally indicating the owner of the copyright for the
* Work.
*
* @param string|string[] $copyrightNotice
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function copyrightNotice($copyrightNotice)
{
return $this->setProperty('copyrightNotice', $copyrightNotice);
}
/**
* The year during which the claimed copyright for the CreativeWork was
* first asserted.
*
* @param float|float[]|int|int[] $copyrightYear
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function copyrightYear($copyrightYear)
{
return $this->setProperty('copyrightYear', $copyrightYear);
}
/**
* Indicates a correction to a [[CreativeWork]], either via a
* [[CorrectionComment]], textually or in another document.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CorrectionCommentContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CorrectionCommentContract[]|string|string[] $correction
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function correction($correction)
{
return $this->setProperty('correction', $correction);
}
/**
* The country of origin of something, including products as well as
* creative works such as movie and TV content.
*
* In the case of TV and movie, this would be the country of the principle
* offices of the production company or individual responsible for the
* movie. For other kinds of [[CreativeWork]] it is difficult to provide
* fully general guidance, and properties such as [[contentLocation]] and
* [[locationCreated]] may be more applicable.
*
* In the case of products, the country of origin of the product. The exact
* interpretation of this may vary by context and product type, and cannot
* be fully enumerated here.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CountryContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CountryContract[] $countryOfOrigin
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function countryOfOrigin($countryOfOrigin)
{
return $this->setProperty('countryOfOrigin', $countryOfOrigin);
}
/**
* The status of a creative work in terms of its stage in a lifecycle.
* Example terms include Incomplete, Draft, Published, Obsolete. Some
* organizations define a set of terms for the stages of their publication
* lifecycle.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $creativeWorkStatus
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function creativeWorkStatus($creativeWorkStatus)
{
return $this->setProperty('creativeWorkStatus', $creativeWorkStatus);
}
/**
* The creator/author of this CreativeWork. This is the same as the Author
* property for CreativeWork.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $creator
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function creator($creator)
{
return $this->setProperty('creator', $creator);
}
/**
* Text that can be used to credit person(s) and/or organization(s)
* associated with a published Creative Work.
*
* @param string|string[] $creditText
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function creditText($creditText)
{
return $this->setProperty('creditText', $creditText);
}
/**
* The date on which the CreativeWork was created or the item was added to a
* DataFeed.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[] $dateCreated
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function dateCreated($dateCreated)
{
return $this->setProperty('dateCreated', $dateCreated);
}
/**
* The date on which the CreativeWork was most recently modified or when the
* item's entry was modified within a DataFeed.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[] $dateModified
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function dateModified($dateModified)
{
return $this->setProperty('dateModified', $dateModified);
}
/**
* Date of first broadcast/publication.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[] $datePublished
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function datePublished($datePublished)
{
return $this->setProperty('datePublished', $datePublished);
}
/**
* A description of the item.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\TextObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\TextObjectContract[]|string|string[] $description
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function description($description)
{
return $this->setProperty('description', $description);
}
/**
* Indicates an IPTCDigitalSourceEnumeration code indicating the nature of
* the digital source(s) for some [[CreativeWork]].
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\IPTCDigitalSourceEnumerationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\IPTCDigitalSourceEnumerationContract[] $digitalSourceType
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function digitalSourceType($digitalSourceType)
{
return $this->setProperty('digitalSourceType', $digitalSourceType);
}
/**
* A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to
* disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties
* (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful
* for disambiguation.
*
* @param string|string[] $disambiguatingDescription
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function disambiguatingDescription($disambiguatingDescription)
{
return $this->setProperty('disambiguatingDescription', $disambiguatingDescription);
}
/**
* A link to the page containing the comments of the CreativeWork.
*
* @param string|string[] $discussionUrl
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function discussionUrl($discussionUrl)
{
return $this->setProperty('discussionUrl', $discussionUrl);
}
/**
* An [EIDR](path_to_url (Entertainment Identifier Registry)
* [[identifier]] representing a specific edit / edition for a work of film
* or television.
*
* For example, the motion picture known as "Ghostbusters" whose
* [[titleEIDR]] is "10.5240/7EC7-228A-510A-053E-CBB8-J" has several edits,
* e.g. "10.5240/1F2A-E1C5-680A-14C6-E76B-I" and
* "10.5240/8A35-3BEE-6497-5D12-9E4F-3".
*
* Since schema.org types like [[Movie]] and [[TVEpisode]] can be used for
* both works and their multiple expressions, it is possible to use
* [[titleEIDR]] alone (for a general description), or alongside
* [[editEIDR]] for a more edit-specific description.
*
* @param string|string[] $editEIDR
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function editEIDR($editEIDR)
{
return $this->setProperty('editEIDR', $editEIDR);
}
/**
* Specifies the Person who edited the CreativeWork.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $editor
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function editor($editor)
{
return $this->setProperty('editor', $editor);
}
/**
* An alignment to an established educational framework.
*
* This property should not be used where the nature of the alignment can be
* described using a simple property, for example to express that a resource
* [[teaches]] or [[assesses]] a competency.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AlignmentObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\AlignmentObjectContract[] $educationalAlignment
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function educationalAlignment($educationalAlignment)
{
return $this->setProperty('educationalAlignment', $educationalAlignment);
}
/**
* The level in terms of progression through an educational or training
* context. Examples of educational levels include 'beginner',
* 'intermediate' or 'advanced', and formal sets of level indicators.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $educationalLevel
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function educationalLevel($educationalLevel)
{
return $this->setProperty('educationalLevel', $educationalLevel);
}
/**
* The purpose of a work in the context of education; for example,
* 'assignment', 'group work'.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $educationalUse
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function educationalUse($educationalUse)
{
return $this->setProperty('educationalUse', $educationalUse);
}
/**
* A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym
* for associatedMedia.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MediaObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MediaObjectContract[] $encoding
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function encoding($encoding)
{
return $this->setProperty('encoding', $encoding);
}
/**
* Media type typically expressed using a MIME format (see [IANA
* site](path_to_url and
* [MDN
* reference](path_to_url
* e.g. application/zip for a SoftwareApplication binary, audio/mpeg for
* .mp3 etc.
*
* In cases where a [[CreativeWork]] has several media type representations,
* [[encoding]] can be used to indicate each [[MediaObject]] alongside
* particular [[encodingFormat]] information.
*
* Unregistered or niche encoding and file formats can be indicated instead
* via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or a
* Wikipedia/Wikidata entry.
*
* @param string|string[] $encodingFormat
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function encodingFormat($encodingFormat)
{
return $this->setProperty('encodingFormat', $encodingFormat);
}
/**
* A media object that encodes this CreativeWork.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MediaObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\MediaObjectContract[] $encodings
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function encodings($encodings)
{
return $this->setProperty('encodings', $encodings);
}
/**
* A creative work that this work is an
* example/instance/realization/derivation of.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[] $exampleOfWork
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function exampleOfWork($exampleOfWork)
{
return $this->setProperty('exampleOfWork', $exampleOfWork);
}
/**
* Date the content expires and is no longer useful or available. For
* example a [[VideoObject]] or [[NewsArticle]] whose availability or
* relevance is time-limited, or a [[ClaimReview]] fact check whose
* publisher wants to indicate that it may no longer be relevant (or helpful
* to highlight) after some date.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[] $expires
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function expires($expires)
{
return $this->setProperty('expires', $expires);
}
/**
* Media type, typically MIME format (see [IANA
* site](path_to_url of
* the content, e.g. application/zip of a SoftwareApplication binary. In
* cases where a CreativeWork has several media type representations,
* 'encoding' can be used to indicate each MediaObject alongside particular
* fileFormat information. Unregistered or niche file formats can be
* indicated instead via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or
* a Wikipedia entry.
*
* @param string|string[] $fileFormat
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function fileFormat($fileFormat)
{
return $this->setProperty('fileFormat', $fileFormat);
}
/**
* A person or organization that supports (sponsors) something through some
* kind of financial contribution.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $funder
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function funder($funder)
{
return $this->setProperty('funder', $funder);
}
/**
* A [[Grant]] that directly or indirectly provide funding or sponsorship
* for this item. See also [[ownershipFundingInfo]].
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\GrantContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\GrantContract[] $funding
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function funding($funding)
{
return $this->setProperty('funding', $funding);
}
/**
* Genre of the creative work, broadcast channel or group.
*
* @param string|string[] $genre
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function genre($genre)
{
return $this->setProperty('genre', $genre);
}
/**
* Indicates an item or CreativeWork that is part of this item, or
* CreativeWork (in some sense).
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[] $hasPart
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function hasPart($hasPart)
{
return $this->setProperty('hasPart', $hasPart);
}
/**
* Headline of the article.
*
* @param string|string[] $headline
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function headline($headline)
{
return $this->setProperty('headline', $headline);
}
/**
* The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of
* [[Thing]], such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides
* dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual
* strings or as URL (URI) links. See [background
* notes](/docs/datamodel.html#identifierBg) for more details.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PropertyValueContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PropertyValueContract[]|string|string[] $identifier
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function identifier($identifier)
{
return $this->setProperty('identifier', $identifier);
}
/**
* An image of the item. This can be a [[URL]] or a fully described
* [[ImageObject]].
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ImageObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ImageObjectContract[]|string|string[] $image
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function image($image)
{
return $this->setProperty('image', $image);
}
/**
* The language of the content or performance or used in an action. Please
* use one of the language codes from the [IETF BCP 47
* standard](path_to_url See also
* [[availableLanguage]].
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\LanguageContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\LanguageContract[]|string|string[] $inLanguage
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function inLanguage($inLanguage)
{
return $this->setProperty('inLanguage', $inLanguage);
}
/**
* The number of interactions for the CreativeWork using the WebSite or
* SoftwareApplication. The most specific child type of InteractionCounter
* should be used.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\InteractionCounterContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\InteractionCounterContract[] $interactionStatistic
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function interactionStatistic($interactionStatistic)
{
return $this->setProperty('interactionStatistic', $interactionStatistic);
}
/**
* The predominant mode of learning supported by the learning resource.
* Acceptable values are 'active', 'expositive', or 'mixed'.
*
* @param string|string[] $interactivityType
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function interactivityType($interactivityType)
{
return $this->setProperty('interactivityType', $interactivityType);
}
/**
* Used to indicate a specific claim contained, implied, translated or
* refined from the content of a [[MediaObject]] or other [[CreativeWork]].
* The interpreting party can be indicated using [[claimInterpreter]].
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ClaimContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ClaimContract[] $interpretedAsClaim
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function interpretedAsClaim($interpretedAsClaim)
{
return $this->setProperty('interpretedAsClaim', $interpretedAsClaim);
}
/**
* A flag to signal that the item, event, or place is accessible for free.
*
* @param bool|bool[] $isAccessibleForFree
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function isAccessibleForFree($isAccessibleForFree)
{
return $this->setProperty('isAccessibleForFree', $isAccessibleForFree);
}
/**
* A resource from which this work is derived or from which it is a
* modification or adaptation.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ProductContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ProductContract[]|string|string[] $isBasedOn
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function isBasedOn($isBasedOn)
{
return $this->setProperty('isBasedOn', $isBasedOn);
}
/**
* A resource that was used in the creation of this resource. This term can
* be repeated for multiple sources. For example,
* path_to_url
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ProductContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ProductContract[]|string|string[] $isBasedOnUrl
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function isBasedOnUrl($isBasedOnUrl)
{
return $this->setProperty('isBasedOnUrl', $isBasedOnUrl);
}
/**
* Indicates whether this content is family friendly.
*
* @param bool|bool[] $isFamilyFriendly
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function isFamilyFriendly($isFamilyFriendly)
{
return $this->setProperty('isFamilyFriendly', $isFamilyFriendly);
}
/**
* Indicates an item or CreativeWork that this item, or CreativeWork (in
* some sense), is part of.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|string|string[] $isPartOf
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function isPartOf($isPartOf)
{
return $this->setProperty('isPartOf', $isPartOf);
}
/**
* Keywords or tags used to describe some item. Multiple textual entries in
* a keywords list are typically delimited by commas, or by repeating the
* property.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $keywords
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function keywords($keywords)
{
return $this->setProperty('keywords', $keywords);
}
/**
* The predominant type or kind characterizing the learning resource. For
* example, 'presentation', 'handout'.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $learningResourceType
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function learningResourceType($learningResourceType)
{
return $this->setProperty('learningResourceType', $learningResourceType);
}
/**
* A license document that applies to this content, typically indicated by
* URL.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|string|string[] $license
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function license($license)
{
return $this->setProperty('license', $license);
}
/**
* The location where the CreativeWork was created, which may not be the
* same as the location depicted in the CreativeWork.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract[] $locationCreated
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function locationCreated($locationCreated)
{
return $this->setProperty('locationCreated', $locationCreated);
}
/**
* Indicates the primary entity described in some page or other
* CreativeWork.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ThingContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ThingContract[] $mainEntity
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function mainEntity($mainEntity)
{
return $this->setProperty('mainEntity', $mainEntity);
}
/**
* Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main
* entity being described. See [background
* notes](/docs/datamodel.html#mainEntityBackground) for details.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|string|string[] $mainEntityOfPage
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function mainEntityOfPage($mainEntityOfPage)
{
return $this->setProperty('mainEntityOfPage', $mainEntityOfPage);
}
/**
* A maintainer of a [[Dataset]], software package
* ([[SoftwareApplication]]), or other [[Project]]. A maintainer is a
* [[Person]] or [[Organization]] that manages contributions to, and/or
* publication of, some (typically complex) artifact. It is common for
* distributions of software and data to be based on "upstream" sources.
* When [[maintainer]] is applied to a specific version of something e.g. a
* particular version or packaging of a [[Dataset]], it is always possible
* that the upstream source has a different maintainer. The [[isBasedOn]]
* property can be used to indicate such relationships between datasets to
* make the different maintenance roles clear. Similarly in the case of
* software, a package may have dedicated maintainers working on integration
* into software distributions such as Ubuntu, as well as upstream
* maintainers of the underlying work.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $maintainer
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function maintainer($maintainer)
{
return $this->setProperty('maintainer', $maintainer);
}
/**
* A material that something is made from, e.g. leather, wool, cotton,
* paper.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ProductContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ProductContract[]|string|string[] $material
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function material($material)
{
return $this->setProperty('material', $material);
}
/**
* The quantity of the materials being described or an expression of the
* physical space they occupy.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\QuantitativeValueContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\QuantitativeValueContract[]|string|string[] $materialExtent
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function materialExtent($materialExtent)
{
return $this->setProperty('materialExtent', $materialExtent);
}
/**
* Indicates that the CreativeWork contains a reference to, but is not
* necessarily about a concept.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ThingContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ThingContract[] $mentions
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function mentions($mentions)
{
return $this->setProperty('mentions', $mentions);
}
/**
* The name of the item.
*
* @param string|string[] $name
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function name($name)
{
return $this->setProperty('name', $name);
}
/**
* An offer to provide this item—for example, an offer to sell a
* product, rent the DVD of a movie, perform a service, or give away tickets
* to an event. Use [[businessFunction]] to indicate the kind of transaction
* offered, i.e. sell, lease, etc. This property can also be used to
* describe a [[Demand]]. While this property is listed as expected on a
* number of common types, it can be used in others. In that case, using a
* second type, such as Product or a subtype of Product, can clarify the
* nature of the offer.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DemandContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DemandContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OfferContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OfferContract[] $offers
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function offers($offers)
{
return $this->setProperty('offers', $offers);
}
/**
* A pattern that something has, for example 'polka dot', 'striped',
* 'Canadian flag'. Values are typically expressed as text, although links
* to controlled value schemes are also supported.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $pattern
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function pattern($pattern)
{
return $this->setProperty('pattern', $pattern);
}
/**
* The position of an item in a series or sequence of items.
*
* @param int|int[]|string|string[] $position
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function position($position)
{
return $this->setProperty('position', $position);
}
/**
* Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in
* which this thing would play an 'object' role.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ActionContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ActionContract[] $potentialAction
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function potentialAction($potentialAction)
{
return $this->setProperty('potentialAction', $potentialAction);
}
/**
* The person or organization who produced the work (e.g. music album,
* movie, TV/radio series etc.).
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $producer
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function producer($producer)
{
return $this->setProperty('producer', $producer);
}
/**
* The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods
* producer. Another party (a seller) may offer those services or goods on
* behalf of the provider. A provider may also serve as the seller.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $provider
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function provider($provider)
{
return $this->setProperty('provider', $provider);
}
/**
* A publication event associated with the item.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PublicationEventContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PublicationEventContract[] $publication
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function publication($publication)
{
return $this->setProperty('publication', $publication);
}
/**
* The publisher of the creative work.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $publisher
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function publisher($publisher)
{
return $this->setProperty('publisher', $publisher);
}
/**
* The publishing division which published the comic.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[] $publisherImprint
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function publisherImprint($publisherImprint)
{
return $this->setProperty('publisherImprint', $publisherImprint);
}
/**
* The publishingPrinciples property indicates (typically via [[URL]]) a
* document describing the editorial principles of an [[Organization]] (or
* individual, e.g. a [[Person]] writing a blog) that relate to their
* activities as a publisher, e.g. ethics or diversity policies. When
* applied to a [[CreativeWork]] (e.g. [[NewsArticle]]) the principles are
* those of the party primarily responsible for the creation of the
* [[CreativeWork]].
*
* While such policies are most typically expressed in natural language,
* sometimes related information (e.g. indicating a [[funder]]) can be
* expressed using schema.org terminology.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|string|string[] $publishingPrinciples
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function publishingPrinciples($publishingPrinciples)
{
return $this->setProperty('publishingPrinciples', $publishingPrinciples);
}
/**
* The Event where the CreativeWork was recorded. The CreativeWork may
* capture all or part of the event.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\EventContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\EventContract[] $recordedAt
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function recordedAt($recordedAt)
{
return $this->setProperty('recordedAt', $recordedAt);
}
/**
* The place and time the release was issued, expressed as a
* PublicationEvent.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PublicationEventContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PublicationEventContract[] $releasedEvent
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function releasedEvent($releasedEvent)
{
return $this->setProperty('releasedEvent', $releasedEvent);
}
/**
* A review of the item.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ReviewContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ReviewContract[] $review
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function review($review)
{
return $this->setProperty('review', $review);
}
/**
* Review of the item.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ReviewContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ReviewContract[] $reviews
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function reviews($reviews)
{
return $this->setProperty('reviews', $reviews);
}
/**
* URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's
* identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or
* official website.
*
* @param string|string[] $sameAs
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function sameAs($sameAs)
{
return $this->setProperty('sameAs', $sameAs);
}
/**
* Indicates (by URL or string) a particular version of a schema used in
* some CreativeWork. This property was created primarily to
* indicate the use of a specific schema.org release, e.g. ```10.0``` as
* a simple string, or more explicitly via URL,
* ```path_to_url#v10.0```. There may be
* situations in which other schemas might usefully be referenced this way,
* e.g.
* ```path_to_url```
* but this has not been carefully explored in the community.
*
* @param string|string[] $schemaVersion
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function schemaVersion($schemaVersion)
{
return $this->setProperty('schemaVersion', $schemaVersion);
}
/**
* Indicates the date on which the current structured data was generated /
* published. Typically used alongside [[sdPublisher]].
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[] $sdDatePublished
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function sdDatePublished($sdDatePublished)
{
return $this->setProperty('sdDatePublished', $sdDatePublished);
}
/**
* A license document that applies to this structured data, typically
* indicated by URL.
*
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
{
}
/**
* Indicates the party responsible for generating and publishing the current
* structured data markup, typically in cases where the structured data is
* derived automatically from existing published content but published on a
* different site. For example, student projects and open data initiatives
* often re-publish existing content with more explicitly structured
* metadata. The
* [[sdPublisher]] property helps make such practices more explicit.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $sdPublisher
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function sdPublisher($sdPublisher)
{
return $this->setProperty('sdPublisher', $sdPublisher);
}
/**
* A standardized size of a product or creative work, specified either
* through a simple textual string (for example 'XL', '32Wx34L'), a
* QuantitativeValue with a unitCode, or a comprehensive and structured
* [[SizeSpecification]]; in other cases, the [[width]], [[height]],
* [[depth]] and [[weight]] properties may be more applicable.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\QuantitativeValueContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\QuantitativeValueContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\SizeSpecificationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\SizeSpecificationContract[]|string|string[] $size
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function size($size)
{
return $this->setProperty('size', $size);
}
/**
* The Organization on whose behalf the creator was working.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[] $sourceOrganization
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function sourceOrganization($sourceOrganization)
{
return $this->setProperty('sourceOrganization', $sourceOrganization);
}
/**
* The "spatial" property can be used in cases when more specific properties
* (e.g. [[locationCreated]], [[spatialCoverage]], [[contentLocation]]) are
* not known to be appropriate.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract[] $spatial
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function spatial($spatial)
{
return $this->setProperty('spatial', $spatial);
}
/**
* The spatialCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the place(s) which are
* the focus of the content. It is a subproperty of
* contentLocation intended primarily for more technical and detailed
* materials. For example with a Dataset, it indicates
* areas that the dataset describes: a dataset of New York weather
* would have spatialCoverage which was the place: the state of New York.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PlaceContract[] $spatialCoverage
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function spatialCoverage($spatialCoverage)
{
return $this->setProperty('spatialCoverage', $spatialCoverage);
}
/**
* A person or organization that supports a thing through a pledge, promise,
* or financial contribution. E.g. a sponsor of a Medical Study or a
* corporate sponsor of an event.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $sponsor
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function sponsor($sponsor)
{
return $this->setProperty('sponsor', $sponsor);
}
/**
* A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\EventContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\EventContract[] $subjectOf
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function subjectOf($subjectOf)
{
return $this->setProperty('subjectOf', $subjectOf);
}
/**
* The item being described is intended to help a person learn the
* competency or learning outcome defined by the referenced term.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DefinedTermContract[]|string|string[] $teaches
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function teaches($teaches)
{
return $this->setProperty('teaches', $teaches);
}
/**
* The "temporal" property can be used in cases where more specific
* properties
* (e.g. [[temporalCoverage]], [[dateCreated]], [[dateModified]],
* [[datePublished]]) are not known to be appropriate.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[]|string|string[] $temporal
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function temporal($temporal)
{
return $this->setProperty('temporal', $temporal);
}
/**
* The temporalCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the period that the
* content applies to, i.e. that it describes, either as a DateTime or as a
* textual string indicating a time period in [ISO 8601 time interval
* format](path_to_url#Time_intervals). In
* the case of a Dataset it will typically indicate the relevant time
* period in a precise notation (e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year
* 2011 would be written "2011/2012"). Other forms of content, e.g.
* ScholarlyArticle, Book, TVSeries or TVEpisode, may indicate their
* temporalCoverage in broader terms - textually or via well-known URL.
* Written works such as books may sometimes have precise temporal
* coverage too, e.g. a work set in 1939 - 1945 can be indicated in ISO 8601
* interval format format via "1939/1945".
*
* Open-ended date ranges can be written with ".." in place of the end date.
* For example, "2015-11/.." indicates a range beginning in November 2015
* and with no specified final date. This is tentative and might be updated
* in future when ISO 8601 is officially updated.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface|\DateTimeInterface[]|string|string[] $temporalCoverage
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function temporalCoverage($temporalCoverage)
{
return $this->setProperty('temporalCoverage', $temporalCoverage);
}
/**
* The textual content of this CreativeWork.
*
* @param string|string[] $text
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function text($text)
{
return $this->setProperty('text', $text);
}
/**
* Thumbnail image for an image or video.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ImageObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ImageObjectContract[] $thumbnail
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function thumbnail($thumbnail)
{
return $this->setProperty('thumbnail', $thumbnail);
}
/**
* A thumbnail image relevant to the Thing.
*
* @param string|string[] $thumbnailUrl
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function thumbnailUrl($thumbnailUrl)
{
return $this->setProperty('thumbnailUrl', $thumbnailUrl);
}
/**
* Approximate or typical time it usually takes to work with or through the
* content of this work for the typical or target audience.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DurationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\DurationContract[] $timeRequired
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function timeRequired($timeRequired)
{
return $this->setProperty('timeRequired', $timeRequired);
}
/**
* The work that this work has been translated from. E.g. is a
* translationOf On the Origin of Species.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[] $translationOfWork
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function translationOfWork($translationOfWork)
{
return $this->setProperty('translationOfWork', $translationOfWork);
}
/**
* Organization or person who adapts a creative work to different languages,
* regional differences and technical requirements of a target market, or
* that translates during some event.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\OrganizationContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\PersonContract[] $translator
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function translator($translator)
{
return $this->setProperty('translator', $translator);
}
/**
* The typical expected age range, e.g. '7-9', '11-'.
*
* @param string|string[] $typicalAgeRange
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function typicalAgeRange($typicalAgeRange)
{
return $this->setProperty('typicalAgeRange', $typicalAgeRange);
}
/**
* URL of the item.
*
* @param string|string[] $url
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function url($url)
{
return $this->setProperty('url', $url);
}
/**
* The schema.org [[usageInfo]] property indicates further information about
* a [[CreativeWork]]. This property is applicable both to works that are
* freely available and to those that require payment or other transactions.
* It can reference additional information, e.g. community expectations on
* preferred linking and citation conventions, as well as purchasing
* details. For something that can be commercially licensed, usageInfo can
* provide detailed, resource-specific information about licensing options.
*
* This property can be used alongside the license property which indicates
* license(s) applicable to some piece of content. The usageInfo property
* can provide information about other licensing options, e.g. acquiring
* commercial usage rights for an image that is also available under
* non-commercial creative commons licenses.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[]|string|string[] $usageInfo
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
* @link path_to_url
*/
public function usageInfo($usageInfo)
{
return $this->setProperty('usageInfo', $usageInfo);
}
/**
* The version of the CreativeWork embodied by a specified resource.
*
* @param float|float[]|int|int[]|string|string[] $version
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function version($version)
{
return $this->setProperty('version', $version);
}
/**
* An embedded video object.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ClipContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\ClipContract[]|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\VideoObjectContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\VideoObjectContract[] $video
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function video($video)
{
return $this->setProperty('video', $video);
}
/**
* Example/instance/realization/derivation of the concept of this creative
* work. E.g. the paperback edition, first edition, or e-book.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[] $workExample
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function workExample($workExample)
{
return $this->setProperty('workExample', $workExample);
}
/**
* A work that is a translation of the content of this work. E.g.
* has an English workTranslation Journey to the West, a German
* workTranslation Monkeys Pilgerfahrt and a Vietnamese translation
* Ty du k bnh kho.
*
* @param \Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract|\Spatie\SchemaOrg\Contracts\CreativeWorkContract[] $workTranslation
*
* @return static
*
* @see path_to_url
* @see path_to_url
*/
public function workTranslation($workTranslation)
{
return $this->setProperty('workTranslation', $workTranslation);
}
}
``` |
The National Property Law Digests are annual volumes published by Strafford since 1961 that cover all significant court decisions in the fields of real property and property transactions. It consists of twelve volumes published annually. The digests are frequently cited in appellate court opinions in the United States and Canada.
See also
Strafford, Dallas, Texas
Sources
American law journals
Canadian law journals
Academic journals established in 1961
Legal literature
Property law of Canada
Property law in the United States |
```scala
package com.wavesplatform.state.diffs.smart.eth
import com.wavesplatform.account.Address
import com.wavesplatform.block.Block.ProtoBlockVersion
import com.wavesplatform.common.state.ByteStr
import com.wavesplatform.common.utils.EitherExt2
import com.wavesplatform.db.WithDomain
import com.wavesplatform.db.WithState.AddrWithBalance
import com.wavesplatform.lang.directives.DirectiveDictionary
import com.wavesplatform.lang.directives.values.{StdLibVersion, V3, V6}
import com.wavesplatform.lang.v1.compiler.TestCompiler
import com.wavesplatform.lang.v1.evaluator.ctx.impl.GlobalValNames
import com.wavesplatform.state.diffs.ENOUGH_AMT
import com.wavesplatform.state.diffs.smart.predef.{assertProvenPart, provenPart}
import com.wavesplatform.test.*
import com.wavesplatform.transaction.Asset.{IssuedAsset, Waves}
import com.wavesplatform.transaction.assets.IssueTransaction
import com.wavesplatform.transaction.smart.SetScriptTransaction
import com.wavesplatform.transaction.transfer.TransferTransaction
import com.wavesplatform.transaction.{Asset, ERC20Address, EthTxGenerator, EthereumTransaction, TxHelpers}
import com.wavesplatform.utils.EthHelpers
import scala.math.Ordering.Implicits.infixOrderingOps
class EthereumTransferSmartTest extends PropSpec with WithDomain with EthHelpers {
import DomainPresets.*
private val time = new TestTime
private def ts = time.getTimestamp()
private val transferAmount = 1234
private def accountScript(version: StdLibVersion, getTx: String, tx: EthereumTransaction, asset: Asset, recipient: Address) =
TestCompiler(version).compileExpression(
s"""
| let t = $getTx(base58'${tx.id()}').${if (version >= V3) "value" else "extract"}()
| ${if (version >= V3) checkEthTransfer(tx, Some(asset.fold(GlobalValNames.Unit)(id => s"base58'$id'")), recipient) else "t == t"}
""".stripMargin
)
private def assetScript(version: StdLibVersion, tx: EthereumTransaction, recipient: Address) =
TestCompiler(version).compileAsset(
s"""
| match tx {
| case t: TransferTransaction =>
| if (t.version == 0)
| then {
| ${checkEthTransfer(tx, if (version >= V3) Some("this.id") else None, recipient)}
| } else {
| t.amount == $ENOUGH_AMT
| }
|
| case _ => true
| }
""".stripMargin
)
private def checkEthTransfer(tx: EthereumTransaction, asset: Option[String], recipient: Address): String =
s"""
| ${provenPart(tx, emptyBodyBytes = true, checkProofs = false)}
| let amount = t.amount == $transferAmount
| let feeAssetId = t.feeAssetId == unit
| ${asset.fold("")(a => s"let assetId = t.assetId == $a")}
| let attachment = t.attachment == base58'${ByteStr.empty}'
| let recipient = match (t.recipient) {
| case a: Address => a.bytes == base58'$recipient'
| case a: Alias => throw("unexpected")
| }
| ${assertProvenPart("t", proofs = false)} && amount && feeAssetId && recipient && attachment
| ${if (asset.isEmpty) "" else " && assetId"}
""".stripMargin
property("access to Ethereum transfer from RIDE script") {
val recipient = RandomKeyPair()
val issue = IssueTransaction.selfSigned(2.toByte, recipient, "Asset", "", ENOUGH_AMT, 8, reissuable = true, None, 1.waves, ts).explicitGet()
for {
version <- DirectiveDictionary[StdLibVersion].all
asset <- Seq(Waves, IssuedAsset(issue.id()))
} {
val ethTransfer = EthTxGenerator.generateEthTransfer(TxHelpers.defaultEthSigner, recipient.toAddress, transferAmount, asset)
val ethSender = ethTransfer.senderAddress()
val transferIssuedAsset =
TransferTransaction.selfSigned(2.toByte, recipient, ethSender, asset, ENOUGH_AMT, Waves, 0.001.waves, ByteStr.empty, ts).explicitGet()
val function = if (version >= V3) "transferTransactionById" else "transactionById"
val verifier = Some(accountScript(version, function, ethTransfer, asset, recipient.toAddress))
val setVerifier = () => SetScriptTransaction.selfSigned(1.toByte, recipient, verifier, 0.01.waves, ts).explicitGet()
withDomain(settingsForRide(version.max(V6)), Seq(AddrWithBalance(ethSender), AddrWithBalance(recipient.toAddress))) { d =>
if (asset != Waves) d.appendBlock(issue, transferIssuedAsset)
d.appendBlock(setVerifier())
d.appendBlock(ProtoBlockVersion, ethTransfer)
d.liquidSnapshot.balances((recipient.toAddress, asset)) shouldBe d.rocksDBWriter.balance(recipient.toAddress, asset) + transferAmount
if (asset == Waves)
d.liquidSnapshot.balances((ethSender, Waves)) shouldBe
d.rocksDBWriter.balance(ethSender, Waves) - ethTransfer.underlying.getGasLimit.longValue() - transferAmount
else {
d.liquidSnapshot.balances((ethSender, Waves)) shouldBe
d.rocksDBWriter.balance(ethSender, Waves) - ethTransfer.underlying.getGasLimit.longValue()
d.liquidSnapshot.balances((ethSender, asset)) shouldBe d.rocksDBWriter.balance(ethSender, asset) - transferAmount
}
d.appendBlock()
if (version >= V6) {
d.appendBlock(setVerifier()) // just for account script execution
d.liquidSnapshot.scriptsComplexity should be > 0L
} else if (version >= V3) {
(the[Exception] thrownBy d.appendBlock(setVerifier())).getMessage should include(
"value() called on unit value on function 'transferTransactionById' call"
)
} else
(the[Exception] thrownBy d.appendBlock(setVerifier())).getMessage should include(
s"extract() called on unit value"
)
}
}
}
property("transfer scripted asset via Ethereum transaction") {
val recipient = RandomKeyPair()
val dummyTransfer = EthereumTransaction.Transfer(None, transferAmount, recipient.toAddress)
val dummyEthTransfer = EthereumTransaction(dummyTransfer, TestEthRawTransaction, TestEthSignature, 'T'.toByte) // needed to pass into asset script
val ethSender = dummyEthTransfer.senderAddress()
DirectiveDictionary[StdLibVersion].all
.foreach { version =>
val script = assetScript(version, dummyEthTransfer, recipient.toAddress)
val issue =
IssueTransaction.selfSigned(2.toByte, recipient, "Asset", "", ENOUGH_AMT, 8, reissuable = true, Some(script), 1.waves, ts).explicitGet()
val asset = IssuedAsset(issue.id())
val ethTransfer = dummyEthTransfer.copy(dummyTransfer.copy(Some(ERC20Address(asset.id.take(20)))))
val preTransfer =
TransferTransaction.selfSigned(2.toByte, recipient, ethSender, asset, ENOUGH_AMT, Waves, 0.005.waves, ByteStr.empty, ts).explicitGet()
withDomain(settingsForRide(version.max(V6)), Seq(AddrWithBalance(ethSender), AddrWithBalance(recipient.toAddress))) { d =>
d.appendBlock(issue, preTransfer)
d.appendBlock(ProtoBlockVersion, ethTransfer)
d.liquidSnapshot.errorMessage(ethTransfer.id()) shouldBe None
d.liquidSnapshot.scriptsComplexity should be > 0L
d.liquidSnapshot.balances((recipient.toAddress, asset)) shouldBe transferAmount
d.liquidSnapshot.balances((ethTransfer.senderAddress(), Waves)) shouldBe
d.rocksDBWriter.balance(ethTransfer.senderAddress(), Waves) - ethTransfer.underlying.getGasPrice.longValue()
d.liquidSnapshot.balances((ethTransfer.senderAddress(), asset)) shouldBe
d.rocksDBWriter.balance(ethTransfer.senderAddress(), asset) - transferAmount
}
}
}
}
``` |
Pantulan Cita (English: Reflection of Dreams) is a 1981 album by the Indonesian singer Chrisye. Recorded with much input from Jockie Soerjoprajogo, the album had rock influences and a cover design showing Chrisye's face as a puzzle. It was a critical and commercial failure, leading Chrisye to take a two-year sabbatical.
Production
Although Chrisye's previous albums had been pure pop, continuing the success of Badai Pasti Berlalu (The Storm Shall Surely Pass; 1977), with Pantulan Cita Chrisye and his collaborator Jockie Soerjoprajogo began experimenting, mixing rock sounds. Chrisye was uncertain that this would work. The album was recorded with Chrisye on vocals and bass guitar, Jockie on keyboard, Jerry on electric and acoustic guitar, and Yaya M. on drums. Indah Sukotjo provided backing vocals for "Tragedi Badai" ("Tragedy of the Storm"). The arrangement was handled by Jockie, who also wrote most of the lyrics; Harry Sabar wrote the lyrics for three songs, while Jockie did seven.
Ayik Soegeng, who had previously designed the cover for Guruh Gipsy – a collaboration between Guruh Sukarnoputra and Sabda Nada, a band featuring Chrisye – in 1976, was selected to design the cover for Pantulan Cita. The photographers Firman Ichsan and Tara Sastrowardoyo initially intended to have a portrait of Chrisye holding a headshot of himself over his face. However, the photographer later decided that portraying Chrisye's face on a puzzle would be more effective. Soegeng was asked to create the puzzle, taking the photograph initially meant to be held by Chrisye, gluing it to plywood, then cutting out the puzzle with a jigsaw. Chrisye was pleased with the result.
Release and reception
Pantulan Cita was released in 1981 by Musica Studios, with no singles. It was a critical and commercial failure, although the cover was well received. Along with Percik Pesona (Stain of Enchantment; 1979), it was Chrisye's only solo album to not receive any awards. Disappointed with the album's failure, Chrisye decided to go on a sabbatical. He would not record another album until Resesi (Recession), a collaboration with Jockie and Eros Djarot, in 1983. The later album was more successful, but followed then-popular trends in music.
Pantulan Cita has been reissued twice, once as a CD in 2004 and once as part of the Chrisye Masterpiece Trilogy Limited Edition in 2007.
Track listing
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
1981 albums
Chrisye albums
Indonesian-language albums |
John Jones "of Ystrad" (1777–1842), was a Welsh politician, MP for Carmarthen from 1821 to 1832.
He was born on 15 September 1777 in King Street, Carmarthen, the son of a solicitor. Educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, he went on to Lincoln's Inn to qualify as a barrister. His work on the South Wales circuit took him back to his home area, and he stood as a Conservative at the election of 1812. In 1815, he replaced Sir Thomas Picton as MP for Pembroke Boroughs. In 1818 he was again defeated at Carmarthen, but eventually won the seat three years later.
Although regarded as a Tory in politics, Jones's main pre-occupation was local politics and after his election to Parliament he concentrated much of his energy upon having a controlling interest in the Carmarthen Town Council.
When Reform legislation was introduced in the House of Commons in 1831, Jones voted against the second reading on 22 March. At the subsequent General Election, he was injured in rioting at the Carmarthen Guildhall. The voting was called off, and the election for the constituency had to be re-run in August, when Jones retained the seat. Later that year he fought a duel with another politician, Robert Fulke Greville.
Despite eventually voting in favour of the Reform Bill, he was defeated in the 1832 general election. From 1837 to 1841 he was MP for Carmarthenshire. His efforts to have the salt tax abolished earned him the nickname "Jones yr Halen" ("Jones the Salt").
Jones died on 10 November 1842.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
1777 births
1842 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Carmarthenshire constituencies
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1837–1841
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies
People from Carmarthen
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Tory MPs (pre-1834) |
Durrants Hotel is located at 26-32 George Street, in the central London district of Marylebone, England.
Established in 1789, the hotel has been owned by the Miller family since 1921 and is one of the last remaining privately owned hotels in London. The building has 92 rooms, and several houses have been incorporated into the building's structure. It is located opposite the Wallace Collection art galleries.
The building was converted to a hotel in the early 19th-century from a terrace of town houses built between 1780-1800. It has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since December 1987.
References
External links
1789 establishments in England
Grade II listed hotels in London
Grade II listed buildings in the City of Westminster |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.