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Tampere ( , , ; , ) is a city in the Pirkanmaa region, located in the western part of Finland. Tampere is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries. It has a population of ; the urban area has a population of 341,696; and the metropolitan area, also known as the Tampere sub-region, has a population of in an area of . Tampere is the second largest urban area and the third most populous single municipality in Finland, after the cities of Helsinki and Espoo, and the most populous Finnish city outside the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Today, Tampere is one of the most important urban, economic and cultural centres in the entire inland region.
Tampere and its surroundings are part of the historic province of Satakunta. The area belonged to the province of Häme from 1831 to 1997; over time, it has often been considered a province of Tavastia. For example, in Uusi tietosanakirja, published in the 1960s, the Tampere sub-region is presented as part of the then province of Tavastia. Around the 1950s, Tampere and its surroundings began to establish themselves as a separate province of Pirkanmaa. ampere became the centre of Pirkanmaa, and Tammermaa was also used several times in the early days of the province, for example in the Suomi-käsikirja published in 1968.
Tampere is wedged between two lakes, Lake Näsijärvi and Lake Pyhäjärvi, with an difference in water level, and the rapids that connect them, Tammerkoski, have been an important source of power throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is known as the "Manchester of the North" because of its past as a centre of Finnish industry, which has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock". Tampere has also been officially declared the "Sauna Capital of the World" because it has the most public saunas in the world.
Helsinki is about south of Tampere and can be reached by Pendolino high-speed train in 1 hour 31 minutes and by car in 2 hours. The distance to Turku is about the same. The Tampere–Pirkkala Airport is the eighth busiest airport in Finland, with more than 230,000 passengers using it in 2017. Tampere is also an important transit route for three Finnish highways: Highway 3 (E12), Highway 9 (E63) and Highway 12. The Tampere light rail had two lines when it started operating in 2021.
Tampere is ranked 26th in the list of 446 hipster cities in the world and is often rated as the most popular city in Finland. The positive development of Tampere and the Tampere metropolitan area has continued into the 21st century, largely due to the fact that Tampere is one of the most attractive cities in Finland.
Etymology
Although the name Tampere is derived from the Tammerkoski rapids (both the city and the rapids are called Tammerfors in Swedish), the origin of the Tammer- part of that name has been the subject of much debate. Ánte accepts the "straightforward" etymology of Rahkonen and Heikkilä in Proto-Samic , meaning "deep, slow section of a stream" and "rapids" (cognate with the Finnish koski). This has become the most accepted explanation in the academia, according to the Institute for the Languages of Finland. Other theories include that it comes from the Swedish word damber, meaning milldam; another, that it originates from the ancient Scandinavian words þambr ("thick bellied") and þambion ("swollen belly"), possibly referring to the shape of the rapids. Another suggestion links the name to the Swedish word Kvatemberdagar, or more colloquially Tamperdagar, meaning the Ember days of the Western Christian liturgical calendar. The Finnish word for oak, tammi, also features in the speculation, although Tampere is situated outside the natural distribution range of the European oak.
Heraldry
The first coat of arms of Tampere was designed by Arvid von Cederwald in 1838, while the current coat of arms created in 1960 and currently in use was designed by Olof Eriksson. Changing the coat of arms was a controversial act, and the restoration of the old coat of arms has from time to time been demanded even after the change. The new coat of arms has also been called Soviet-style in letters to the editor because of its colours.
The blazon of the old coat of arms has either not survived or has never been done, but the description of the current coat of arms is explained as follows: "In the red field, a corrugated counter-bar, above which is accompanied by a piled hammer, and below, a Caduceus; all gold". The colors of the coat of arms are the same as in the coat of arms of Pirkanmaa. The hammer, which looks like the first letter of the city's name T, symbolizes Tampere's early industry, Caduceus its trading activities and the corrugated counter-bar represents the Tammerkoski rapids, which divides Tampere's industrial and commercial areas.
The city received its first seal in 1803, which depicted the city's buildings of that time and Tammerkoski.
History
Early history
The earliest known permanent settlements around Tammerkoski were established in 7th century, when settlers from the west of the region started farming land in Takahuhti. The area was largely inhabited by the Tavastian tribes. For many centuries, the population remained low. By the 16th century, the villages of Messukylä and Takahuhti had grown to be the largest settlements in the region. Other villages nearby were Laiskola, Pyynikkälä and Hatanpää. At that time, there had been a market place in the Pispala area for centuries, where the bourgeoisies from Turku in particular traded. In 1638, Governor-General Per Brahe the Younger ordered that two markets be held in Tammerkoski each year, the autumn market on every Peter's Day in August and the winter market on Mati Day in February. In 1708 the market was moved from the edge of Tammerkoski to Harju and from there in 1758 to Pispala. The early industries in the Pirkanmaa region in the 17th century were mainly watermills and sawmills, while in the 18th century other production began to emerge, as several small-scale ironworks, Tammerkoski distillery and Otavala spinning school were founded.
Founding and industrialization
Before the founding of the city of Tampere, its neighboring municipality of Pirkkala (according to which the current Pirkanmaa region got its name) was the most administratively significant parish in the area throughout the Middle Ages. This all changed in the 18th century when Erik Edner, a Finnish pastor, proposed the establishment of a city of Tampere on the banks of the Tammerkoski channel in 1771–1772; it was officially founded as a market place in 1775 by Gustav III of Sweden and four years later, 1 October 1779, Tampere was granted full city rights. At this time, it was a rather small town, founded on the lands belonging to Tammerkoski manor, while its inhabitants were still mainly farmers. As farming on the city's premises was forbidden, the inhabitants began to rely on other methods of securing a livelihood, primarily trade and handicraft. When Finland became part of the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809, Tampere still had less than a thousand inhabitants.
Tampere grew as a major market town and industrial centre in the 19th century; the industrialization of Tampere was greatly influenced by the Finlayson textile factory, founded in 1820 by the Scottish industrialist James Finlayson. By the year 1850, the factory employed around 2000 people, while the population of the city had increased to 4000 inhabitants. Other notable industrial establishments that followed Finlayson's success in the 1800s were the Tampella blast furnace, machine factory and flax mill, the Frenckell paper mill, and the Tampere broadcloth factory. Tampere's population grew rapidly at the end of the 19th century, from about 7,000 in 1870 to 36,000 in 1900. At the beginning of the 20th century, Tampere was a city of workers and women, with a third of the population being factory workers and more than half women. At the same time, the city's area increased almost sevenfold and impressive apartment buildings were built in the center of Tampere among modest wooden houses. The stone houses shaped Tampere in a modern direction. The construction of the sewerage and water supply network and the establishment of electric lighting were further steps towards modernisation; regarding the latter, Tampere was the first Nordic city to introduce electric lights for general use in 1882. The railway connection to Tampere from the extension of the Helsinki–Hämeenlinna line section (today part of the Main Line) via Toijala was opened to public traffic on 22 June 1876.
The world-famous Nokia Corporation, a multinational telecommunication company, also had its beginnings in the Tammerkoski area; the company's history dates from 1865, when the Finnish-Swedish mining engineer Fredrik Idestam (1838–1916) established a pulp mill on the shores of the rapids and after that, a second pulp mill was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town of Nokia, where there were better hydropower resources.
Geopolitical significance
Tampere was the centre of many important political events in the early 20th century; for example, the 1905 conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), led by Vladimir Lenin, was held at the Tampere Workers' Hall, where it was decided, among other things, to launch an armed uprising, which eventually led to the October 1917 revolution in the Russian Empire. Also, on 1 November 1905, during the general strike, the famous Red Declaration was proclaimed on Keskustori. In 1918, after Finland had gained independence, Tampere played a major role, being one of the strategically important sites for the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (FSWR) during the Civil War in Finland (28 January–15 May 1918); the city was the most important industrial city in Finland at the beginning of the 20th century, marked by a huge working population. Tampere was a Red stronghold during the war, with Hugo Salmela in command. White forces, led by General Mannerheim, captured the town after the Battle of Tampere, seizing about 10,000 Red prisoners on 6 April 1918.
During the Winter War, Tampere was bombed by the Soviet Union several times. The reason for the bombing of Tampere was that the city was an important railway junction, and also housed the State Aircraft Factory and the Tampella factory, which manufactured munitions and weapons, including grenade launchers. The most devastating bombings were on 2 March 1940, killing nine and wounding 30 city residents. In addition, ten buildings were destroyed and 30 were damaged that day.
Post-war period and modern day
Prevalent in Tampere's post-World War II municipal politics was the Brothers-in-Arms Axis (aseveliakseli), which mostly consisted of the National Coalition Party and the Social Democrats. While the Centre Party was the largest political force in the Finnish countryside, it had no practical relevance in Tampere.
After World War II, Tampere was enlarged by joining some neighbouring areas. Messukylä was incorporated in 1947, Lielahti in 1950, Aitolahti in 1966 and finally Teisko in 1972. The limit of 100,000 inhabitants was crossed in Tampere in 1950. Tampere was long known for its textile and metal industries, but these have been largely replaced by information technology and telecommunications during the 1990s. The technology centre Hermia in Hervanta is home to many companies in these fields. Yleisradio started broadcasting its second television channel, Yle TV2, in Ristimäki, Tampere in 1965, as a result of which Finland was the first of the Nordic countries to receive a second television channel, after Sweden's SVT2 started broadcasting only four years later. Tampere became a university city when the Social University moved from Helsinki to Tampere in 1960 and became the University of Tampere in 1966. In 1979, Tampere-Pirkkala Airport was opened from the center of Tampere on the side of the Pirkkala municipality.
At the turn of the 1990s, Tampere's industry underwent a major structural change, as the production of Tampella's and Tampere's textile industry in particular was heavily focused on bilateral trade with the Soviet Union, but when it collapsed in 1991 the companies lost their main customers. As a result of the sudden change and the depression of the early 1990s, Finlayson and the Suomen trikoo had to reduce their operations sharply. Tampella went bankrupt. But although the change left a huge amount of vacant industrial space in the city center, in the early 2000s it was gradually put to other uses, with the current Tampere cityscape being characterized above all by strong IT companies, most notably Nokia's Tampere R&D units.
Geography
Tampere is part of the Pirkanmaa region and is surrounded by the municipalities of Kangasala, Lempäälä, Nokia, Orivesi, Pirkkala, Ruovesi, and Ylöjärvi. There are 180 lakes that are larger than 10,000 m2 (1 ha) in Tampere, and fresh water bodies make up 24% of the city's total area. The lakes have formed as separate basins from Ancylus lake approximately 7500–8000 years ago. The northernmost point of Tampere is located in the Vankavesi fjard of Teisko, the southernmost at the eastern end of Lake Hervanta, the easternmost at the northeast corner of Lake Paalijärvi of Teisko and the westernmost at the southeast corner of Lake Haukijärvi near the borders of Ylöjärvi and Nokia. The city center itself is surrounded by three lakes, Näsijärvi, Pyhäjärvi and much smaller Iidesjärvi. Tampere region is situated in the Kokemäki River drainage basin, which discharges into the Bothnian Sea through river which flows through Pori, the capital of Satakunta region. The bedrock of Tampere consists of mica shale and migmatite, and its building stone deposits are diverse: in addition to traditional granite, there is an abundance of quartz diorite, tonalite, mica shale and mica gneiss. One of the most notable geographical features in Tampere is the Pyynikki Ridge (Pyynikinharju), a large esker formed from moraine during the Weichselian glaciation. It rises 160 meters above sea level and is said to be the largest gravel esker in the world. It is also part of Salpausselkä, a 200 km long ridge system left by the ice age.
The center of Tampere (Keskusta), as well as the Pyynikki, Ylä-Pispala and Ala-Pispala districts, are located on the isthmus between Lake Pyhäjärvi and Lake Näsijärvi. The location of the city on the edge of the Tammerkoski rapids between two long waterways was one of the most important stimuli for its establishment in the 1770s. The streets of central Tampere form a typical grid pattern. On the western edge of the city center, there is a north–south park street, Hämeenpuisto ("Häme Park" or "Tavastia Park"), which leads from the shore of Lake Pyhäjärvi near Lake Näsijärvi. The wide Hämeenkatu street leads east–west from the Tampere Central Station to Hämeenpuisto and crosses Tammerkoski along the Hämeensilta bridge. Also along Hämeenkatu is the longest street in the city center, Satakunnankatu, which extends from Rautatienkatu to Amuri, which crosses Tammerkoski along the Satakunnansilta bridge. The Tampere Central Square is located on the western shore of Tammerkoski, close to Hämeensilta. The traffic center of Tampere is the intersection of Itsenäisyydenkatu, Teiskontie, Sammonkatu, Kalevanpuisto park street, and Kaleva and Liisankallio districts.
Neighbourhoods and other subdivisions
The city of Tampere is divided into seven subdivisions, each of which includes the many districts and their suburbs. There are a total of 111 statistical areas in Tampere. However, the statistical areas made for Tampere's statistics do not fully correspond to the Tampere district division or the residents' perception of the districts, as the Amuri, Kyttälä and Tammela districts, for example, are divided into two parts corresponding to the official district division, and in addition to this, Liisankallio and Kalevanrinne are often considered to belong to the Kaleva district.
Climate
Tampere has a humid continental climate Dfb, bordering the subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) climate zone. Winters are cold and the average temperature from December to February is below . Summers are cool to warm. On average, snow cover lasts 4–5 months from late November to early April. Considering it being close to the subarctic threshold and inland, winters are, on average, quite mild for the classification, as is the annual mean temperature.
Temperature records of Tampere
Temperature records of Tampere and the near-by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport:
Temperature Records of Tampere
Highest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980:
Lowest temperatures in Tampere:
Lowest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980:
Cityscape
Revival and nationalism
Tampere has buildings from many architectural periods. Only the old stone church of Messukylä represents medieval building culture. Early 19th century neoclassicism, in turn, is represented by the Tampere Old Church and its belfry. The Gothic Revival buildings in Tampere that emerged from neoclassicism are the new Messukylä Church and the Alexander Church, and the Renaissance Revival buildings are the Hatanpää Manor, the Tampere City Hall, the Ruuskanen House and Näsilinna. The romantic nationalism design can be seen in the Commerce House, the Tirkkonen House, the Palander House, the Tampere Cathedral, the Tampere Central Fire Station and the National Bank Building in Tampere. At an early stage, the use of red brick as a material in the industrial buildings along Tammerkoski, such as the Finlayson and Tampella factories, has left a strong imaginary mark on the city.
Functionalism and modernism
Post-Art Nouveau classicism was largely Nordic, during which the Laikku Culture House, Hotel Tammer, the Tuulensuu House and the Viinikka Church were built in Tampere. After functionalism became the prevailing style in the 1930s, the Tampere Central Station, the Tempo House, a bus station and the Kauppi Hospital were built in Tampere. There is no single accepted designation for the post-war style, but the key representatives of the reconstruction period are the Bank of Finland House, the Amurinlinna House and the Pyynikki Swimming Hall. The rationalist buildings of the modernist period are represented by the University of Tampere, the Tampere Central Hospital, Sampola, the School of Economics, Ratina Stadium and the Kaleva Church. After this, diverse modernism will be represented by, among others, the Metso Main Library, the Hervanta Operations Center, the Tampere Hall, the university extension and Nokia's office building in Hatanpää.
The city center of Tampere and also its western parts have been developed in a more modern direction since the 2010s, and the city aims to get the center to take on its future form by the 2030s. Plans have been drawn up for the Central Station area in particular in the form of the "Tampere Deck" project, in connection with which a new multi-purpose arena and high-rise buildings have been sent to the area. A light rail network has also been recently built in the downtown area. Artificial island projects are planned on the shores of the lakes, which would create new residential areas for several thousand inhabitants. The projects are estimated to cost several billion euros.
Economy
The Tampere region, Pirkanmaa, which includes outlying municipalities, has around 509,000 residents, 244,000 employed people, and a turnover of 28 billion euros .
According to the Tampere International Business Office, the area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. Unemployment rate was 15.7% in August 2020. 70% of the areas jobs are in the service sector. Less than 20% are in the manufacturing sector. 34.5% of employed people live outside the Tampere municipality and commute to Tampere for work. Meanwhile, 15.6% of Tampere's residents work outside Tampere. In 2014 the largest employers were Kesko, Pirkanmaan Osuuskauppa, Alma Media and Posti Group.
According to a study carried out by the Synergos Research and Training Center of the University of Tampere, the total impact of tourism in the Tampere region in 2012 was more than 909 million euros. Tourism also brought 4,805 person-years to the region. The biggest single attraction in Tampere is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which had about 630,000 visitors in 2016. In addition, in 2015, 1,021,151 overnight stays were made in Tampere hotels. The number exceeded the previous record year with more than 20,000 overnight stays. All that makes Tampere the second most popular city in Finland after Helsinki in terms of hotel stays. Leisure tourism accounted for 55,4% of overnight stays and occupational tourism for 43,2%. The occupancy rate of all accommodation establishments with more than 20 rooms was 57,0%, while that of accommodation establishments in the whole country was 48,3%.
Tampere's economic profit in 2015 was the worst of big Finnish cities. In 2016 the loss of the fiscal year was 18,8 million euros. In the city's economy, the largest revenues come from taxes and government contributions. In 2015, the city received 761 million euros in municipal tax revenue. In addition, 61,4 million euros came from corporate taxes and 64 million euros from property taxes. Tax revenues have not increased as expected in the 2010s, although the city's population has increased. This has been affected by high unemployment.
Tampere is headquarters for Bronto Skylift, an aerial rescue and aerial work platform manufacturer.
Energy
In 2013, Tampereen Energiantuotanto, which is part of the Tampereen Sähkölaitos Group, generated 1,254 GWh of electricity and 2,184 GWh of district heating. The two units of the Naistenlahti's power plant generated a total of about 65% and the Lielahti's power plant about 30% of the electricity production. In district heating production, the Naistenlahti power plant units accounted for 57% and the Lielahti power plant for 23%. Tampere's ten heating centers accounted for 21%.
In 2013, the share of natural gas in energy production was about 65%. Wood and peat accounted for about 17%. In addition, hydropower and oil were used. Emissions from energy production have decreased in the 21st century due to the growth of renewable forms of production and the modernization of the Naistenlahti plant. In 2013, approximately 669,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions and 297 tonnes of sulfur dioxide emissions were generated.
Water and waste management
66,5% of Tampere's domestic water is surface water and 33,5% groundwater. 58% of the water was diverted to economic use and 13% to industrial use. In addition to Tampere, Tampereen Vesi manages water in Pirkkala. Almost all surface water comes from Lake Roine. In addition, Tampereen Vesi has four surface water plants in Lake Näsijärvi and five groundwater intakes. Tampereen Vesi is 96% responsible for the wastewater of Tampere, Kangasala, Pirkkala and Ylöjärvi. In 2012, a total of 31,9 million cubic meters of wastewater was treated in Tampere. The Viinikanlahti treatment plant treats more than 75% of wastewater.
Pirkanmaan Jätehuolto handles waste management in Tampere. It has waste treatment facilities in Nokia's Lake Koukkujärvi and Tampere's Lake Tarastenjärvi.
Demographics
Population
The city of Tampere has inhabitants, making it the most populous municipality in Finland and the tenth in the Nordics. The Tampere region, with people, is the second largest after the Helsinki region. Tampere is home to 5% of Finland's population. 9.5% of the population has a foreign background, which is above the national average. However, it is lower than in the major Finnish cities of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa or Turku.
The demographic structure of Tampere shows that the city is a very popular place to study, as the number of young adults is significantly higher than in other municipalities in the region. At the end of 2012, the old-age dependency ratio was 45. Approximately 17.3% of the population was over the age of 65. Just over half of the population is female, as in the country as a whole. The population is fairly well educated, with two-thirds of those over 15 having completed post-primary education.
At the end of 2018, there were a total of 140,039 dwellings in Tampere, of which 127,639 were permanently occupied and 12,400 were not permanently occupied. Of these, 74% were apartment buildings, 14% were detached houses, 10% were terraced houses, and 2% were other residential buildings. Between 2002 and 2020, more than 40,000 new dwellings will be completed in Tampere. Living space has been growing for a long time, although after 2008 growth came to a virtual standstill. The average living space at the end of 2012 was about 36.8 m2 per inhabitant, compared with about 19.2 m2 in 1970 and about 31.8 m2 in 1990. The average dwelling had about 1.8 inhabitants in 2012.
For more than ten years, Tampere has been one of the most migratory municipalities, as more than 1,930 new residents moved to Tampere in January–September 2021. Nokia, Kangasala and Lempäälä, which are among Tampere's neighbouring municipalities, have also been identified as the most migratory municipalities, rising to the list of the 20 most attractive municipalities. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, Tampere has become Finland's most attractive area for internal migration, as Tampere gained the most migration gains in 2020.
Languages
Tampere is the largest monolingual municipality in Finland. The majority of the population - people or - speak Finnish as their first language. In Tampere, people, or of the population, speak Swedish. This is the second largest number of Swedish speakers in monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities after Kaarina. Kaarina and Tampere are also the only monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities with a separate Swedish-speaking community. In 1900, Swedish speakers made up more than six per cent of Tampere's population, and less than two per cent in 1950.
As English and Swedish are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon. At least 160 different languages are spoken in Tampere. The most widely spoken foreign languages are Russian (1.4%), Arabic (1.0%), Farsi (0.8%) and English (0.7%).
Immigration
In 2022, there were 23,561 people with a migrant background living in Tampere, or 9.5% of the population. There were 22,365 residents who were born abroad, or 9% of the population. The number of foreign citizens in Tampere was 14,758. Most foreign-born citizens came from the former Soviet Union, Iraq, Afghanistan, Sweden, and Estonia.
The relative share of immigrants in the population of Tampere is slightly above the national average. Tampere attracts more migration from within Finland than directly from abroad. Nevertheless, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.
Urban areas
In 2019, out of the total population of 238,140, 231,648 people lived in urban areas and 3,132 in sparsely populated areas, while the coordinates of 3,360 people were unknown. This made Tampere's degree of urbanization 98.7%. The urban population in the municipality was divided between three statistical urban areas as follows:
Religion
In 2022, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 58% of the population of Tampere. Other religious groups accounted for 3.2% of the population. 38.8% of the population had no religious affiliation.
Education
The comprehensive education is given mainly in Finnish but the city has special bilingual groups where students study in Finnish and a second language (English, French or German). Furthermore, there is a private Swedish-speaking school in the Kaakinmaa district (Swedish Svenska samskolan i Tammerfors) that covers all levels of education from preschool to high school.
There are three institutions of higher education in the Tampere area totaling 40,000 students: the university and two polytechnic institutions (). Tampere University (TUNI) has over 20,000 students and is located in two campuses, one in the Kalevanharju district, close to the city centre, and one in Hervanta, in the southern part of the city. The institution was formed in 2019 as a result of the merge of University of Tampere (UTA) and Tampere University of Technology (TUT). TUNI is also the major shareholder of the Tampere University of Applied Sciences (Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu, TAMK), a polytechnic counting about 10,000 students. The Police University College, the polytechnic institution serving all of Finland in its field of specialization, is also located in Tampere.
Tampere University Hospital (Tampereen yliopistollinen sairaala, TAYS) in the Kauppi district, one of the main hospitals in Finland, is affiliated with Tampere University. It is a teaching hospital with 34 medical specializations.
The Nurmi district in the northern part of city also houses the Tampere Christian School (Tampereen kristillinen koulu), which operates on a co-Christian basis and is maintained by the Adventist Church of Finland, offering free basic education based on Christian basic values and outlook on life for all grades of primary school.
Arts and culture
Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as Väinö Linna, Kalle Päätalo, and Hannu Salama, hail from Tampere. These authors are known particularly as writers depicting the lives of working-class people, thanks to their respective backgrounds as members of the working class. Also from such a background was the poet Lauri Viita of the Pispala district, which was also the original home of the aforementioned Hannu Salama. On 1 October, Tampere celebrates the annual Tampere Day (), which hosts a variety of public events.
Media
Tampere is a strong media city, as the television center in Tohloppi and Ristimäki districts has had a nationwide Yle TV2 television channel since the 1970s, and Finnish radio, for example, began in Tampere when Arvi Hauvonen founded the first broadcasting station in 1923. Yle TV2 has its roots in Tamvisio, which was transferred to Yleisradio in 1964. Kakkoskanava ("Channel 2") has been a major influence in Tampere, and several well-known television programs and series have been shot in the city, such as TV comedies Tankki täyteen, Reinikainen and Kummeli. The Ruutu+ streaming service's popular crime drama television series Lakeside Murders (), based on the Koskinen book series by Seppo Jokinen, is also produced and filmed in Tampere.
The Tampere Film Festival, an annual international short film event, is held every March. Tampere has also served as a filming location for international film productions, most notably the 1993 British comedy film The Big Freeze and the 2022 American sci-fi film Dual.
In 2014, Aamulehti, which was published in Tampere and was founded in 1881, was the third largest newspaper in Finland in terms of circulation, after Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat. The circulation of the magazine was 106,842 (2014). In addition, a free city newspaper Tamperelainen (literally translated "Tamperean", meaning person who live in Tampere) will be published in the city. In November 2016, the Tamperelainen was awarded the second best city newspaper in Finland.
The city is also known as the home of the popular Hydraulic Press Channel on YouTube, which originates from a machine shop owned by Lauri Vuohensilta.
Food
A local food speciality is mustamakkara, which resembles the black pudding of northern England. It is a black sausage made by mixing pork, pig's blood and crushed rye and flour and is stuffed into the intestines of an animal. It is commonly eaten with lingonberry sauce. Especially Tammelantori square in the district of Tammela is known for its mustamakkara kiosks.
A newer Tampere tradition are munkki, fresh sugary doughnuts that are sold in several cafés around Tampere, but most traditionally in Pyynikki observation tower.
One of the specialties of Tampere's local barbecue dishes include the peremech () based on traditional Tatar food. It is a pie reminiscent of Karelian pasty with seasoned ground meat inside.
In the 1980s, in addition to mustamakkara and barley bread, the old parish dish of Tampere was also called a potato soup, home-made small beer (kotikalja), a sweetened lingonberry porridge and a sweetened potato casserole (Imelletty perunalaatikko).
Since 1991, the two-day fish market event (Tampereen kalamarkkinat) in Laukontori attracts as many as 80,000–100,000 visitors in year, and is held both in the spring on vappu and in the autumn on Tampere Day.
Music
Tampere is home to the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra (Tampere Filharmonia), which is one of only two full-sized symphony orchestras in Finland; the other one is located in Helsinki. The orchestra's home venue is the Tampere Hall, and their concerts include classical, popular, and film music. Tampere Music Festivals organises three international music events: The Tampere Jazz Happening each November, and in alternate years The Tampere Vocal Music Festival and the Tampere Biennale. Professional education in many fields of classical music, including performing arts, pedagogic arts, and composition, is provided by Tampere University of Applied Sciences and Tampere Conservatoire.
Tammerfest, Tampere's urban rock festival, is held every July. The Blockfest, which also takes place in Tampere during the summer months, is the largest hip hop event in the Nordic countries. The Tampere Floral Festival is an annual event, held each Summer.
Manserock became a general term for rock music from Tampere, which was essentially rock music with Finnish lyrics. Manserock was especially popular during the 1970s and 1980s, and its most popular artists included Juice Leskinen, Virtanen, Kaseva, Popeda, and Eppu Normaali. In 1977, Poko Rekords, the first record company in Tampere, was founded.
In the 2010s, there has been a lot of popular musical activity in Tampere, particularly in the fields of rock and heavy/black metal; one of the most important metal music events in Tampere is the Sauna Open Air Metal Festival. Some of the most popular bands based in Tampere include Negative, Uniklubi, and Lovex. Tampere also has an active electronic music scene. Tampere hosts an annual World of Tango Festival (Maailmantango), which is one of the most significant tango events in Finland next to the Tangomarkkinat of Seinäjoki.
Theatre
Tampere has a lengthy tradition of theater, with established institutions such as Tampereen Työväen Teatteri, Tampereen Teatteri, and Pyynikin Kesäteatteri, which is an open-air theatre with the oldest revolving auditorium in Europe. The longest-running directors of the Tampereen Teatteri include Eino Salmelainen and Rauli Lehtonen, and the Tampereen Työväen Teatteri has Kosti Elo, Eino Salmelainen and Lasse Pöysti. The Tampere Theatre Festival (Tampereen teatterikesä) is an international theatre festival held in the city each August. Tampere also has the Tampere Opera, founded in 1946.
Tampere's other professional theaters are Teatteri Siperia; restaurant theater Teatteripalatsi; Teatteri Telakka, known for its artistic experiments; Ahaa Teatteri, which specializes in children's and young people's plays; puppet theater Teatteri Mukamas, and Tanssiteatteri MD, specializes in contemporary dance performances. In addition, there are also three cinemas in Tampere: two Finnkino's theaters, Cine Atlas and Plevna, and private Arthouse Cinema Niagara, which serves as the main venue for the Cinemadrome Festival, which presents horror, action, sci-fi, trash, and other cult films. Local cinemas also included the historic Imatra, formerly located in the Kyttälä district, which was completely destroyed on a fire in the midst of a 1924 film Wages of Virtue on 23 October 1927, killing 21 people.
Religious activities
As is the case with most of the rest of Finland, most Tampere citizens belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. One Lutheran church in Tampere is Finlayson Church in the district by the same name. Tampere also has a variety of other religious services spanning from traditional to charismatic. There are also some English speaking services, such as the Tampere English Service, an international community affiliated with the (Tampereen helluntaiseurakunta). English services of the International Congregation of Christ the King (ICCK) are organized by the Anglican Church in Finland and the Lutheran Parishes of Tampere. The Catholic parish of the Holy Cross also offers services in Finnish, Polish and English. Other churches may also have English speaking ministries. Tampere is the center of a LDS stake (diocese). Other churches in Tampere are the Baptist Church, the Evangelical Free Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland, the Finnish Orthodox Church and the Nokia Revival.
There was an organized Jewish community until 1981. Though a small number of Jews remain in Tampere, organized communal life ended at that time.
There are three registered Muslim communities in Tampere. The biggest of them being Tampere Islam Society with over 1500 members.
City rivalry with Turku
Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of Turku, the first capital of Finland, and they tend to compete for the title of being the "second grand city of Finland" after Helsinki. This rivalry is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, mustamakkara, the state of the Aura River in Turku, and the regional accents. Tampere is well known as a food destination because of its food culture. Since 1997, students at Tampere have made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the post-glacial rebound and push the city back into the Baltic Sea.
Main sights
One of the main tourist attractions is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which includes the landmark Näsinneula tower, topped by a revolving restaurant. In addition to these, it used to house a dolphinarium. Other sites of interest are Tampere Cathedral, Tampere City Hall, Tampere Central Library Metso ("Capercaillie"), Kaleva Church (both designed by Reima Pietilä), the Tampere Hall (along Hämeenkatu) for conferences and concerts, the Tampere Market Hall and historical Pyynikki observation tower.
Tampere has at least seven hotels, the most noteworthy of which are Hotel Tammer, Hotel Ilves, and Hotel Torni, the tallest hotel building in Finland. The Holiday Club Tampere spa is also located in the Lapinniemi district on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi. There are also many significant shopping centers in the city center of Tampere and its suburbs; the most notable shopping centers are Ratina, Koskikeskus, DUO, Like, and Tullintori.
Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to Vladimir Lenin. The museum is housed in the Tampere Workers' Hall (along Hallituskatu) where during a subsequent Bolshevik conference in the city, Lenin met Joseph Stalin for the first time. Lenin moved to Tampere in August 1905, but eventually fled for Sweden in November 1907 when being pursued by the Russian Okhrana. Lenin would not return to any part of the Russian Empire until ten years later, when he heard of the start of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
There are many museums and galleries, including:
The Vapriikki Museum Centre which includes the Natural History Museum of Tampere, Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame, Finnish Museum of Games, Post Museum and the Shoe Museum
Hatanpää Manor and Hatanpää Arboretum
The Näsilinna Palace
Tampere Art Museum
Tampere Lenin Museum
The Moomin Museum, about Moomins
Rupriikki Media Museum
Spy Museum in Siperia
Workers' housing museum in Amuri.
Finland's largest glass sculpture, owned by the City of Tampere, "Pack Ice / The Mirror of the Sea" by the renowned artist Timo Sarpaneva, was installed in the entrance lobby of the downtown shopping mall KoskiKeskus until it was moved to a warehouse.
Pispala
Pispala is a ridge located between the two lakes. It is divided into Ylä-Pispala ("Upper Pispala") and Ala-Pispala ("Lower Pispala"). It's the highest gravel ridge in the world, raising above Lake Pyhäjärvi and around above sea level. It was used to house the majority of industrial labour in the late 19th and early 20th century, when it was part of Suur-Pirkkala and its successor Pohjois-Pirkkala. It was a free area to be built upon by the working-class people working in Tampere factories. It joined Tampere in 1937. Currently it is a residential area undergoing significant redevelopment and together with neighbouring Pyynikki it forms an important historical area of Tampere.
Events
Sports
Tampere's sporting scene is mainly driven by ice hockey. The first Finnish ice hockey match was played in Tampere, on the ice of Pyhäjärvi. Tampere is nicknamed the hometown of Finnish ice hockey. Three exceptional ice hockey teams come from Tampere: Tappara, Ilves and KOOVEE. Especially both Tappara and Ilves have had a great impact on Finnish ice hockey culture and are among the most successful teams in Finland; of these, Ilves was the first Tampere-based hockey team to win the 1935-1936 Finnish championship. The Finnish ice hockey museum, and the first ice hockey arena to be built in Finland, the Hakametsä arena, are both located in Tampere. Construction of a new main ice hockey arena, Tampere Deck Arena, began in 2018, and was first opened to the public on 3 December 2021, although the official opening date was on 15 December. The name of the new arena was supposed to be UROS LIVE, but due to the financial difficulties of the sponsor behind it, the name was abandoned. After that, Nokia Corporation was chosen as the new sponsor on 19 November 2021, and the arena was renamed as Nokia Arena. The arena served one of two host cities for both the 2022 IIHF World Championship and the 2023 IIHF World Championship.
Like ice hockey, association football is also a popular sport in Tampere. Ilves, the professional football club of Tampere, alone has over 4,000 players in its football teams, while Tampere boasts over 100 (mostly junior) football teams. Basketball is another popular sport in Tampere; the city has three basketball teams with big junior activity and one of them, Tampereen Pyrintö, plays on the highest level (Korisliiga) and was the Finnish Champion in 2010, 2011, and 2014.
Tampere Saints is the American football club in the city, that won division 2 in 2015 and plays in the Maple League (division 1) in summer 2017. Tampere has a baseball and softball club, the Tampere Tigers, which plays in the top division of Finnish baseball. In addition to all of the above, volleyball, wrestling and boxing are also among Tampere's best-known sports.
Tampere hosted some of the preliminaries for the 1952 Summer Olympics, the 1965 World Ice Hockey Championships and was co-host of the EuroBasket 1967. The city also hosted two canoe sprint world championships, in 1973 and 1983. In 1977, Tampere hosted the World Rowing Junior Championships and in 1995 the Senior World Rowing Championships. Recently, Tampere was the host of the 10th European Youth Olympic Festival on 17–25 July 2009 and the 2010 World Ringette Championships on 1–6 November at Hakametsä arena.
Tampere hosted the 2023 European Masters Games from 26 June to 9 July.
In Basketball, the Nokia Arena will host the EuroBasket 2025 as one of the host cities.
Concerts
Ratina Stadium of Tampere, in the district by the same name, has served as the venue for many of the most significant concerts, most notably in connection with the Endless Forms Most Beautiful World Tour in 2015 by the band Nightwish. Other noteworthy tours from other bands held at Ratina Stadium include Iron Maiden (Somewhere Back in Time World Tour, 2008), Bruce Springsteen (Working on a Dream Tour, 2009), AC/DC (Black Ice World Tour, 2010), Red Hot Chili Peppers (I'm with You World Tour, 2012), Bon Jovi (Because We Can World Tour, 2013), Robbie Williams (The Heavy Entertainment Show Tour, 2017) and Rammstein (Rammstein Stadium Tour, 2019).
Transport
Tampere is an important railroad hub in Finland and there are direct railroad connections to, for example, Helsinki, Turku and the Port of Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, and Pori. Every day about 150 trains with an annual total of 8 million passengers arrive and depart in the Tampere Central Railway Station, which is located in the city center. There are also frequent bus connections to destinations around Finland. To the south of Tampere, there is the Tampere Ring Road, which is important for car traffic and which is part of Finnish highways number 3 (on the west side) and number 9 (on the east side). The main stretch of the ring road sees over 50,000 vehicles per day, and, according to the ELY Centre of Pirkanmaa, the western part of the ring road is the busiest road in Finland, if highway and ring road connections in the Helsinki metropolitan area are excluded. There are also plans for another ring road project that would run from Pirkkala to Tampere's Hervanta and possibly in the future to Kangasala. Teiskontie, which runs east of the city center, is part of Highway 12 in the direction of Lahti. This highway also runs through the center of Tampere under the name Paasikiven–Kekkosentie, below the downtown as the Tampere Tunnel, which is the longest road tunnel built in Finland for car traffic.
Tampere is served by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport, located in neighboring municipality Pirkkala some southwest of the city, and it replaced the former Härmälä Airport, which was closed in 1979. The current airport is connected to the city centre of Tampere by bus route 103, and to that of Pirkkala by bus route 39.
The public transport network in Tampere currently consists of a bus network and two lines of city's light rail, operating from 9 August 2021. The Tampere Bus Station, designed by Jaakko Laaksovirta and Bertel Strömmer, representing functionalist architecture, was completed in 1938, being the largest bus station in the Nordic countries at the time, and between 1948 and 1976, the city also had an extensive trolleybus network, which was also the largest trolleybus system in Finland. As of 2017, commuter rail service on the railroad lines connecting Tampere to the neighbouring towns of Nokia and Lempäälä is being established.
In 2015, the Port of Tampere, the charter port area carrying passengers on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi and Lake Pyhäjärvi, was the busiest inland waterway in Finland in terms of the number of passengers (71,750). A partial explanation for the high number of passengers can be found in the summer traffic to the Viikinsaari island in Lake Pyhäjärvi, where people travel for an excursion or various cultural events such as watching a summer theater. Domestic passenger and connecting vessel traffic was only busier in the Finnish sea area in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, between mainland Finland and Åland in the Archipelago Sea.
In the 2010s, Tampere has made efforts to invest in the smooth running of cycling and walkability. Thanks to it, the city was awarded the title of "Cycling Municipality of the Year" in 2013. According to a survey conducted in 2015, the attractiveness of both cycling and walking had increased during 2014 and 2015. In any case, during the 21st century, the growth of bicycle traffic has been clearly faster than the growth of the city's population, and the number of cycles has increased by an average of about 2% per year.
Distances to other cities
Helsinki –
Hämeenlinna –
Joensuu –
Jyväskylä –
Kuopio –
Lahti –
Lappeenranta –
Oulu –
Pori –
Seinäjoki –
Turku –
Vaasa –
Government
In 2007, Tampere switched to a new model of government. Since then, a mayor and four deputy mayors have been chosen for a period of four years by the city council. The mayor also becomes the seat of the city council for the duration of the tenure.
Tampere was the first Finnish municipality to be elected mayor. However, the mayor does not have an official relationship with the municipality; the mayor serves as chairman of the city board and directs the municipality's activities, and the mayor's duties are defined in the city government's bylaws. Because the mayor and deputy mayors are trustees, they can be removed by the council if they lose the majority trust.
For the first two years, Timo P. Nieminen, representing the National Coalition Party from 2007 to 2012, served as mayor. In 2013, Anna-Kaisa Ikonen of the same party was elected mayor. As of 1 June 2017, the number of deputy mayors decreased from four to three. Lauri Lyly (SDP) was elected Mayor of the City of Tampere for the period 2017–2021 at the City Council meeting on 12 June 2017.
Mayors over time
Kaarle Nordlund 1929–1943
Sulo Typpö 1943–1957
Erkki Lindfors 1957–1969
Pekka Paavola 1969–1985
Jarmo Rantanen 1985–2007
Timo P. Nieminen (kok.) 2007–2012
Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (kok.) 2013–2017
Lauri Lyly (sd.) 2017–2021
Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (kok.) 2021–2023
Kalervo Kummola (kok.) 2023–present
Notable people
Born before 1900
Emil Aaltonen (1869—1949), industrialist and philanthropist
Emanuel Aromaa (1873—1933), politician
Eero Berg (1898–1969), long-distance runner and Olympic gold medalist
Minna Canth (1844–1897), author and social activist
Rosa Clay (1875–1959), a Namibian-born Finnish American teacher, singer and choral conductor
Minna Craucher (1891–1932), socialite and spy
James Finlayson (1772–1852), Scottish Quaker and industrialist
Väinö Hakkila (1882–1958), politician
Gustaf Idman (1885–1961), diplomat and a non-partisan Minister of Foreign Affairs
Alma Jokinen (1882–1939), politician
Feliks Kellosalmi (1877–1939), politician
Augusta Laine (1867–1949), teacher of home economics and politician
Frans Oskar Lilius (1871–1928), politician
Wivi Lönn (1872–1966), architect
Kaapo Murros (1875–1951), journalist, lawyer, writer and politician
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956), the Prime Minister of Finland and the 7th President of Finland
Aaro Pajari (1897–1949), Major General and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
Arvo Pohjannoro (1893–1963), Lutheran clergyman and politician
Anders Rajala (1891–1957), wrestler
Julius Saaristo (1891–1969) track and field athlete and Olympic gold medalist
Matti Schreck (1897–1946), banker and film producer
Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964), author and Nobel laureate
Bertel Strömmer (1890–1962), architect
Vilho Tuulos (1895–1967), triple jumper, long jumper and Olympic gold medalist
August Wesley (1887–?), journalist, trade unionist and revolutionary
Born after 1900
Jonne Aaron (born 1983), singer
Sinikka Antila (born 1960), lawyer and diplomat
Aleksander Barkov (born 1995), Finnish-Russian professional ice hockey player
Anu Bradford (born 1975), Finnish-American author and law professor
Johanna Debreczeni (born 1980), singer
Henrik Otto Donner (1939–2013), composer and music personality
Anna Falchi (born 1972), Finnish-Italian model and film actress
Mauri Favén (1920–2006), painter
Jussi Halla-aho (born 1971), politician and former leader of the Finns Party
Roope Hintz (born 1996), professional ice hockey player
Anja Ignatius (1911–1995), violinist and music educator
Seppo Jokinen (born 1949), author
Viljo Kajava (1909–1998), author and poet
Tapani Kalliomäki (born 1970), stage and film actor
Glen Kamara (born 1995), professional footballer
Jorma Karhunen (1913–2002), Finnish Air Force ace and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
Leo Kinnunen (1943–2017), Formula One driver
Urpo Lahtinen (1931–1994), journalist and magazine publisher, founder of Tamperelainen
Kimmo Leinonen (born 1949), ice hockey executive and writer
Mika Koivuniemi (born 1967), bowling coach and professional ten-pin bowler
Kiira Korpi (born 1988), figure skater
Patrik Laine (born 1998), professional ice hockey player
Väinö Linna (1920–1992), author
Jyrki Lumme (born 1966), professional hockey player
Tiina Lymi (born 1971), actress, director, screenwriter and author
Taru Mäkelä (born 1959), film director and screenwriter
Eeva-Liisa Manner (1921–1995), poet, playwright and translator
Sanna Marin (born 1985), politician, current leader of the Social Democratic Party and former Prime Minister of Finland (2019–2023)
Sakari Mattila (born 1989), professional footballer
Matthau Mikojan (born 1982), rock musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter
Pate Mustajärvi (born 1956), rock singer
Mikko Nousiainen (born 1975), actor
Teppo Numminen (born 1968), professional ice hockey player
Luka Nurmi (born 2004), racing driver
Erno Paasilinna (1935–2000), author and journalist
Pekka Paavola (born 1933), politician and Minister of Justice
Tero Palmroth (born 1953), racing driver
Oiva Paloheimo (1910–1973), author, poet and aphorist
Veijo Pasanen (1930–1988), actor
Aku Pellinen (born 1993), racing driver
Sakari Puisto (born 1976), politician
Raisa Räisänen (1983–?), still missing 16-year-old girl, who was declared dead in absentia in 2007
Matti Ranin (1926–2013), actor
Leo Riuttu (1913–1989), actor
Seela Sella (born 1936), actress
Heikki Silvennoinen (born 1954), musician and actor
Kikka (1964–2005), pop and schlager singer
Jukka Tapanimäki (1961–2000), software developer and game programmer
Armi Toivanen (born 1980), actress
Jussi Välimäki (born 1974), rally driver
Lauri Viita (1916–1965), poet
Sofia Vikman (born 1983), politician
Olavi Virta (1915–1972), singer
Juuso Walli (born 1996), professional ice hockey player
Hans Wind (1919–1995), fighter pilot, flying ace and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
Aki Yli-Salomäki (born 1972), composer, music critic and music journalist
International relations
Tampere is twinned with:
Chemnitz, Germany
Essen, Germany
Kaunas, Lithuania
Kyiv, Ukraine
Klaksvík, Faroe Islands
Kópavogur, Iceland
Linz, Austria
Łódź, Poland (since 1996)
Miskolc, Hungary
Norrköping, Sweden
Odense, Denmark
Olomouc, Czech Republic
Brașov, Romania
Tartu, Estonia
Trondheim, Norway (since 1946)
Guangzhou, China
Syracuse, United States
Tampere has two additional "friendship cities":
León, Nicaragua
Mwanza, Tanzania
See also
Battle of Tampere
Mustamakkara
Nokia, Finland
Pirkkala
Ratina Stadium
Särkänniemi
Tammerkoski
Tampere Deck Arena
Tampere Film Festival
Tampere Tigers
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Visit Tampere – The official Tampere Region visitor website
Virtual City Guide: VirtualTampere.com
Tampere – so much more than the sauna capital of the world – Visit Finland
Megan Starr: 15 Quirky and Alternative Things to Do in Tampere, Finland. – Megan & Aram (Meganstarr.com), 1 December 2021.
1952 Summer Olympics official report pp. 62–3.
Tammerkoski Heritage – Town's Industrial Heritage Portal
CSSA Tampere Ry
Lunch restaurants in Tampere
Tampere
Populated lakeshore places in Finland
Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics
Cities and towns in Finland
Inland port cities and towns in Finland
Grand Duchy of Finland
Olympic football venues
Populated places established in 1779
1779 establishments in Europe
18th-century establishments in Finland |
```smalltalk
using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation;
/// <summary>
/// The base class for photometric interpretation decoders.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TPixel">The pixel format.</typeparam>
internal abstract class TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
{
/// <summary>
/// Decodes source raw pixel data using the current photometric interpretation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">The buffer to read image data from.</param>
/// <param name="pixels">The image buffer to write pixels to.</param>
/// <param name="left">The x-coordinate of the left-hand side of the image block.</param>
/// <param name="top">The y-coordinate of the top of the image block.</param>
/// <param name="width">The width of the image block.</param>
/// <param name="height">The height of the image block.</param>
public abstract void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height);
}
``` |
Yang Mingxuan (; 1891 – August 22, 1967) was a Chinese politician who served as a vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the chairman of the China Democratic League.
References
1891 births
1967 deaths
Chairpersons of the China Democratic League
Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress |
The Portuguese Albums Chart ranks the best-performing albums in Portugal, as compiled by the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa.
References
2006 in Portugal
Portugal
Portuguese record charts |
Kinsman Stable is the nom de course for the American Thoroughbred racing stable of George Steinbrenner, best known as the owner of the New York Yankees Major League Baseball team. A director and former president of the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders' and Owners' Association, Steinbrenner became involved with the sport in the early 1970s and owned the Kinsman Stud Farm in Ocala, Florida where his Thoroughbreds are stabled. His son Hank and daughter Jessica are both involved in the business.
As of 2008, Kinsman Stable has bred and/or raced more than thirty-five stakes winners. In 2005 their colt Bellamy Road won the Wood Memorial Stakes and was then sent off as the betting favorite in the Kentucky Derby but finished seventh to the winner, Giacomo. For 2008, the stable had another Derby prospect in Hopeful Stakes winner, Majestic Warrior.
References
Horse farms in the United States
American racehorse owners and breeders
Marion County, Florida
Horse racing
Steinbrenner family |
The 30th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2019 Producers Guild Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2018, were held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California on January 19, 2019. The nominations in the documentary category were announced on November 20, 2018 and the other nominations for film and television were announced on January 4, 2019.
Winners and nominees
Film
Television
Milestone Award
Toby Emmerich
Stanley Kramer Award
Jane Fonda
Visionary Award
Kenya Barris
David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures
Kevin Feige
Norman Lear Achievement Award in Television
Amy Sherman-Palladino
References
External links
PGA Awards website
2018
2018 film awards
2018 television awards |
Norman Lindsay Festival is a 1972 Australian anthology television series on the ABC based on the works of Norman Lindsay. It was filmed at the ABC's Gore Hill studios in Sydney.
It was also known as the Norman Lindsay Theatre.
Episodes
The Cousin from Fiji Part 1 (8 September 1972)
The Cousin from Fiji Part 2 (15 September 1972)
The Cousin from Fiji Part 3 (22 September 1972)
Redheap Part 1 (29 September 1972)
Redheap Part 2 (6 October 1972)
Redheap Part 3 (13 October 1972)
A Curate in Bohemia (20 October 1972)
Dust or Polish? (27 October 1972)
Halfway to Nowhere (3 November 1972)
References
External links
Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming
Australian anthology television series |
Ian Cheshire may refer to:
Ian Cheshire (engineer) (born 1936), Scottish petroleum engineer
Ian Cheshire (businessman) (born 1959), British businessman |
Fantome Island is one of the islands in the Palm Island group. It is neighboured by Great Palm Island and is north-east of Townsville, Queensland on the east coast of Australia. The island is small with an area of and is surrounded by a fringing reef. The Djabugay (Aboriginal) name for this island is Eumilli Island.
The island is known for its 1928 lock hospital (for those with venereal disease) and 1939 leprosarium, known as the lazaret. Both are now heritage-listed on the Queensland Heritage Register, as Fantome Island Lock Hospital and Lazaret Sites. The island is no longer inhabited.
Along with nine of the other islands within the Palm Islands group, it falls under the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island.
History
Fantome was gazetted as an Aboriginal reserve in 1925.
The Fantome Island Lock Hospital for the treatment of Aboriginal people with venereal diseases was established on Fantome Island in 1928. The Franciscan Missionaries of Mary took over the running of the hospital in 1939. This institution closed in 1945. In 1940 a leprosarium was established on the island; upon its closure in 1973, it was purged by fire. The island is the site of 200 graves.
In 1926 a lock hospital was built on Fantome Island; Aboriginal people were sent there mainly for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. In 1936 Fantome Island became a medical clearing station where people sent to Palm Island were examined and treated if necessary. A leprosarium was established on Fantome in 1939. After World War II the hospital was closed, and by 1965 only the leprosarium remained on Fantome Island; it was administered by a Roman Catholic nursing order until 1973, when the inhabitants were moved to Palm Island. The administrators had complete and unaccountable control over the lives of residents. Punishments included the shaving of the girls' heads.
In 1907, a leprosarium to house all Queensland patients with leprosy was established on Peel Island in Moreton Bay near Brisbane. In 1940, the Indigenous patients were transferred from Peel Island to Fantome Island, under police escort and in conditions of great secrecy. The numbers of people admitted to Peel Island fluctuated during the mid-1920s and rose to 47 new cases in 1928. Although no new cases were reported in 1929 the reason might have been the secrecy with which this whole issue was managed by the Queensland Health authorities and the inability of the health regime to locate and track down the source of infection. This was not a simple problem and it persisted well into the next decade.
The head of the Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine, Dr Raphael Cilento endeavoured to describe the problem in one of his reports. He wrote that when Kuranda (Mona Mona) reserve started in 1914, the majority of the Aboriginal people brought there belonged to the Djabugay language group, a closely knit group. There were a few others from as far north as the Gulf region and some from Mossman, and a large number had been born in fringe-camps and had grown up close to white settlement knowing no other life. The first case of leprosy reported among Aboriginal people in the region "was an old woman, Nellie, who died in 1916". She was avoided by other locals. She had no known descendants at the settlement.
In 1932, Cilento described his vision for Fantome:
In June 1975, the two existing reserves became a single reserve for official purposes, under the control of the Aboriginal and Island Affairs Department. In 1986 this was rescinded, and Fantome Island was transferred to the Palm Island Community Council by a Deed of Grant in Trust (DOGIT).
Heritage listing
The sites of both institutions were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 8 June 2012.
Geography
The island, one of the Palm Islands group, is about north-east of Townsville, off the Queensland coast. Its area is about and it is surrounded by a fringing reef.
Governance and people
The island is under the administration of the Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council. Along with nine of the other islands within the Palm Islands group, it falls under the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island.
It is uninhabited, but people from (Great) Palm Island make regular visits to Fantome to fish and perhaps camp occasionally.
The Djagubay (an Aboriginal language) name for this island is Eumilli Island. The Manbarra language (also known as Wulgurukaba), of the Manbarra people, is a language of the region.
Documentary film
A feature-length documentary film, Fantome Island, was released in 2011, made by Sean Gilligan and co-produced by Adrian Strong. It follows the story of former patient Joe Eggmolesse, a Kanaka (Pacific Islander) man who had spent 10 years there as a child and who returns to the island for a special Remembrance Day as a 73-year-old. The historical background of racist policies practised by the Queensland government and certain individuals is narrated and shown. The film was shown in the 2011 Brisbane Film Festival and went on to win two awards, the 2012 John Oxley Memory Award by the State Library of Queensland, and Best Australian Documentary at the 2012 Human Rights Arts & Film Festival. The film has also been shown on NITV and SBS on Demand.
Graves at risk
The 120 marked graves are as of 2020 endangered by tidal erosion, with the risk heightened by a combination of factors: their location, the soil structure, vegetation encroachment, and climate change.
See also
1930 Palm Island tragedy
List of islands of Queensland
References
Great Palm Island group
Leper colonies
Uninhabited islands of Australia
Medical and health organisations based in Australia
Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island |
```php
<?php
/**
* Back-compat placeholder for the base embed template
*
* @package WordPress
* @subpackage oEmbed
* @since 4.4.0
* @deprecated 4.5.0 Moved to wp-includes/theme-compat/embed.php
*/
_deprecated_file( basename( __FILE__ ), '4.5.0', WPINC . '/theme-compat/embed.php' );
require ABSPATH . WPINC . '/theme-compat/embed.php';
``` |
Leptocometes barbiscapus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1872.
References
Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1872 |
Think Well of Me is a 1962 studio album by trombonist/vocalist Jack Teagarden, performing songs by Willard Robison, accompanied by an orchestra arranged and conducted by Bob Brookmeyer or Russ Case, that was released by the Verve label.
Reception
Allmusic awarded the album 4½ stars with Scott Yanow stating "For what would be his next-to-last album in January, 1962, he recorded ten Robison songs (plus the slightly out of place non-Robison standard "Where Are You") while backed by a string orchestra that included both a harp and his trumpeter Don Goldie. Bob Brookmeyer and Russ Case contributed all but one arrangement, and although the strings were certainly not necessary (since they do not add much to the music), the prestigious setting must have pleased the trombonist ... His short solos are often quite exquisite, and this often touching, somewhat rare date is one of the strongest of his final period.".
In JazzTimes, Doug Ramsey wrote "This is a Teagarden album like nothing else in his 40-year discography. Made in 1962, precisely two years before his death, it reflects much that was important about the man and musician; the uncanny precision and languorous passion of his trombone playing, the intimacy of his singing, his blues core, the quality that never declined even in the weariness of his final years".
Track listing
All compositions by Willard Robison except where noted
"Where Are You?" (Jimmy McHugh, Harold Adamson) – 2:50
"Cottage for Sale" – 3:34
"Guess I'll Go Back Home This Summer" – 3:39
"I'm a Fool About My Mama" – 3:30
"Don't Smoke in Bed" – 3:18
"In a Little Waterfront Cafe" – 3:55
"Think Well of Me" – 2:40
"Old Folks" – 2:45
"Country Boy Blues" – 4:06
"Tain't So Honey, Tain't So" – 2:40
"Round the Old Deserted Farm" – 2:55
Personnel
Jack Teagarden – trombone, vocals
Don Goldie – trumpet
Unidentified orchestra arranged and conducted by Bob Brookmeyer (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6 & 10) or Russ Case (tracks 3, 4, 7–9 & 11) probably including:
Bernie Leighton – piano, celeste
Barry Galbraith – guitar
Art Davis – bass
References
1962 albums
Jack Teagarden albums
Albums produced by Creed Taylor
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
Verve Records albums |
The Let LF-109 Pionýr is a glider aircraft developed by Czechoslovak manufacturer Let Kunovice. It was designed as a two-seater training aircraft and the first flight was performed in March 1950. The plane features a simple and robust design of a fabric-covered steel tube fuselage and has good flight characteristics. In total, about 470 aircraft were built.
Specifications
References
External links
Airliners.net Picture of the Let LF-109 Pionýr aircraft
Let aircraft
Glider aircraft
1950s Czechoslovakian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1950 |
Bartlett Aircraft Corp. was a US aircraft manufacturer founded in Rosemead, California in 1941 to build light aircraft from designs acquired from the purchase of Taubman Aircraft, who in turn bought them from Babcock Airplane Corporation.
World War II interrupted plans for mass production and although another attempt to resume production was made at the end of hostilities, nothing came of this.
Aircraft
Bartlett Zephyr
References
aerofiles.com,Babcock, Babcock-Vlchek
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Defunct companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Rosemead, California
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1941
Technology companies established in 1941
1941 establishments in California
American companies established in 1941 |
```yaml
---
Resources:
RedshiftCluster:
Type: AWS::Redshift::Cluster
Properties:
ClusterType: single-node
DBName: foobar
MasterUserPassword: '{{resolve:secretsmanager:/redshift/cluster/masteruserpassword:SecretString:password}}'
MasterUsername: admin
NodeType: dc2.large
``` |
Michael Steinwender (born 4 May 2000) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Hartberg.
Career
Steinwender is a product of the youth academies of Baumgarten, Rapid Wien, Mattersburg and AKA Burgenland. He began his senior career with the reserves of Mattersburg in 2017. He made his professional debut with Mattersburg in a 2–0 Austrian Football Bundesliga win over St. Pölten on 20 June 2020. On 19 August 2020, he transferred to St. Pölten, signing a 3-year contract. On 31 August 2021, he moved to Hartberg, again signing a 3-year contract.
International career
Steinwender is a youth international for Austria, having represented the Austria U18s and U19s.
References
External links
OEFB Profile
2000 births
Living people
People from Eisenstadt
Footballers from Burgenland
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's youth international footballers
SV Mattersburg players
SKN St. Pölten players
TSV Hartberg players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Austrian Regionalliga players
Men's association football defenders |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\AndroidPublisher;
class ExternalSubscription extends \Google\Model
{
/**
* @var string
*/
public $subscriptionType;
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setSubscriptionType($subscriptionType)
{
$this->subscriptionType = $subscriptionType;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getSubscriptionType()
{
return $this->subscriptionType;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(ExternalSubscription::class, 'Google_Service_AndroidPublisher_ExternalSubscription');
``` |
Nicolas Mahut and Édouard Roger-Vasselin were the defending champions, but lost in the final to Robert Lindstedt and Jan-Lennard Struff, 6–2, 6–7(1–7), [4–10].
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
External links
Main Draw
Moselle Open - Doubles
2019 Moselle Open |
Jack River (postcode: 3971) is a small settlement in the Shire of Wellington in southwestern Gippsland, in the Australian state of Victoria. The nearest major town is , located about east. Jack River is located approximately east southeast of .
At the 2011 census, Jack River had a population of 301.
References
Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Wellington |
Raymond David Mindlin (New York City, 17 September 1906 – 22 November 1987) was an American mechanical engineer, Professor of Applied Science at Columbia University, and recipient of the 1946 Presidential Medal for Merit and many other awards and honours. He is known as mechanician, who made seminal contributions to many branches of applied mechanics, applied physics, and engineering sciences.
Biography
Education
In 1924 he enrolled at Columbia University, where he received a B.A. in 1928, followed by a B.S. in 1931, and in 1932 by a C.E. and the Illig medal for "proficiency in scholarship." During his graduate study, Mindlin attended a series of summer courses organized by Stephen Timoshenko in 1933, '34, and '35, and there is no doubt that the experience at the University of Michigan served to confirm him in his choice of his life's work.
Career
For his doctoral research Mindlin set himself a fundamental problem in theoretical elasticity: determining the stresses in an elastic half-space subjected to a sub-surface point load. The results, nowadays referred to as "Mindlin's problem", represent a generalization of the two classical 19th century solutions respectively associated with the names of Kelvin and Boussinesq, and have become the basis for analytical formulations widely employed in geotechnical engineering. His paper was published in Physics (now the Journal of Applied Physics) in 1936, the year Mindlin received his Ph.D. degree.
Mindlin remained an assistant for another two years, at which point he was elevated to instructor in civil engineering, and only in 1940 did he receive promotion to assistant professor.
In 1942 Mindlin was co-opted by the Applied Physics Laboratory in Silver Spring, Maryland, an institution engaged in naval ordnance work, where he contributed in the development of the proximity fuze. For his part in its success, he was presented with the Presidential Medal for Merit.
He came back to Columbia in 1945 as an associate professor, and two years later attained the rank of professor. In 1967 he was appointed James Kip Finch Professor of Applied Science until his retirement in 1975. The Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics established the Mindlin Lecture to honor his pioneering contributions to the field of applied mechanics.
Mindlin died on November 22, 1987, in Hanover, New Hampshire.
Awards and honors
Early awarded
Naval Ordnance Development Award (1945)
Presidential Medal for Merit (1946)
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1958)
Research Prize (1958) of the ASCE
In the 1960s
Great Teacher Award (1960) from Columbia University
von Karman Medal of the ASCE (1961)
W. M. Murray Lecture and Award, SESA (now SEM) (1962)
Fellow, ASME (1962)
Fellow, Acoustical Society of America (1963)
Timoshenko Medal (1964) of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Member, National Academy of Engineering (1966)
C. B. Sawyer Award of the Army Electronics Command (1967)
SEM/SESA Founder Award (1969)
Honorary Member, ASME (1969)
In the 1970s
Egleston Medal (1971) from Columbia University
Trent-Crede Award of the Acoustical Society of America (1971)
Member, National Academy of Sciences (1973)
Frocht Award of the SESA (1974)
Honorary D.Sc. degree from Northwestern University (1975)
The ASME Medal (1976)
National Medal of Science, (1979)
In the 1980s
Fellow, Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM) (1986)
Honorary Member, SEM (1986)
Work
Contributions to research
The Collected Papers of Raymond D. Mindlin (2 vols, Springer-Verlag, 1989) collected 129 papers authored or co-authored by Mindlin. The major contributions of Mindlin were summarized in 8 papers by his students and friends in a book dedicated to his retirement, R.D. Mindlin and Applied Mechanics (Pergamon, 1974). These include:
Photoelasticity and experimental mechanics
Classical three-dimensional elasticity (e.g., Mindlin's problem)
Generalized elastic continua (Strain-gradient and couple-stress theory)
Frictional contact and granular media
Waves and vibrations in isotropic and anisotropic plates (Mindlin's Plate Theory)
Wave propagation in rods and cylinders
Theory of electro-elasticity and piezoelectric crystal resonators
Crystal lattice theories
Service
Mindlin served with devotion the profession which he made his life's work, through his research, his teaching, his advisory capacity to numerous government agencies, and his activities in various scientific and technical societies. Among the latter, mention is warranted of the following positions he held at various times:
In the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), chairman, Applied Mechanics Division; member, Publications Committee, Engineering Societies Monographs Committee, Advisory Board of Applied Mechanics Reviews.
In the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), chairman, Committee on Applied Mechanics of the Structural Engineering Division (precursor of the Engineering Mechanics Division).
ASCE established the Raymond D. Mindlin Medal in his honor in 2008.
In the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (now the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM)), co-founder and president (1956-1947); member, executive committee. He is considered one of the four founding members of the society along with Miklós Hetényi, Charles Lipson, and William M. Murray.
In the American Institute of Physics, associate editor, Journal of Mathematical Physics.
Also, he was member of: the U.S. National Committee for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; the General Assembly of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM); the American Physical Society.
References
Further reading
H. Deresiewicz, M.P. Bieniek, F.L. DiMaggio (eds.), The Collected Papers of Raymond D. Mindlin, Springer-Verlag, 1989.
George Herrmann (ed.), R.D. Mindlin and Applied Mechanics, Pergamon Press, 1974.
R. D. Mindlin. "An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Vibrations of Elastic Plates," in: Jiashi Yang (ed.) World Scientific, 2007
External links
1906 births
1987 deaths
American mechanical engineers
Jewish engineers
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Medal of Science laureates
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
ASME Medal recipients
20th-century American engineers
Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics |
The 2024 United States presidential election in Alaska is scheduled to take place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia will participate. Alaska voters will choose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Alaska has 3 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state neither gained nor lost a seat.
Incumbent Democratic president Joe Biden has stated that he intends to run for re-election to a second term.
Alaska's three electoral votes have only gone to a Democrat once in a presidential election, which was Lyndon Johnson's re-election landslide in 1964 against Barry Goldwater. Alaska has continued to vote Republican, but not as strongly in recent years. In 2020, Trump only won Alaska by 10 percentage points, much less than Republicans in the past like George W. Bush's 26% victory in the state in 2004.
Primary elections
Republican primary
The Alaska Republican caucuses are scheduled to be held on Super Tuesday, March 5, 2024.
General election
Polling
Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden
Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
See also
United States presidential elections in Alaska
2024 United States presidential election
2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
2024 United States elections
Notes
References
Alaska
2024
Presidential |
```c++
#include "UIManager.h"
#include "Layout/Children.h"
#include "EngineUtils.h"
#include "Components/Widget.h"
#include "Blueprint/UserWidget.h"
#include "Blueprint/WidgetTree.h"
#include "Engine/UserInterfaceSettings.h"
#include "Engine.h"
#include "Common/Log.h"
#include "XmlParser.h"
#include "Common/GXmlJsonTools.h"
#include "Engine/UserInterfaceSettings.h"
#include "TextBlock.h"
#include "RichTextBlock.h"
#include "MultiLineEditableTextBox.h"
#include "Handler/CommandHandler.h"
#include "MultiLineEditableText.h"
#include <ctime>
#ifdef __ANDROID__
#include "Android/AndroidWindow.h"
#endif
namespace WeTestU3DAutomation
{
FXmlNode* TransformUmg2XmlElement(UWidget* Widget, FXmlNode* Parent) {
FXmlNode* WidgetXmlNode = AddFXmlNode(Parent, "UWidget", FString());
TArray<FXmlAttribute>& Attributes = const_cast<TArray<FXmlAttribute>&>(WidgetXmlNode->GetAttributes());
UClass* WidgetClass = Widget->GetClass();
Attributes.Add(FXmlAttribute("name", Widget->GetName()));
Attributes.Add(FXmlAttribute("components", WidgetClass->GetName()));
Attributes.Add(FXmlAttribute("id", FString("0")));
const UTextBlock* TextBlock = Cast<UTextBlock>(Widget);
if (TextBlock != nullptr)
{
Attributes.Add(FXmlAttribute("txt", TextBlock->GetText().ToString()));
}
return WidgetXmlNode;
}
void ForWidgetAndChildren(UWidget* Widget, FXmlNode* Parent)
{
if (Widget == nullptr || Parent == nullptr || !Widget->IsVisible()) {
return;
}
FXmlNode* WidgetXmlNode = TransformUmg2XmlElement(Widget, Parent);
// Search for any named slot with content that we need to dive into.
if (INamedSlotInterface* NamedSlotHost = Cast<INamedSlotInterface>(Widget))
{
TArray<FName> SlotNames;
NamedSlotHost->GetSlotNames(SlotNames);
for (FName SlotName : SlotNames)
{
if (UWidget* SlotContent = NamedSlotHost->GetContentForSlot(SlotName))
{
ForWidgetAndChildren(SlotContent, WidgetXmlNode);
}
}
}
// Search standard children.
if (UPanelWidget* PanelParent = Cast<UPanelWidget>(Widget))
{
for (int32 ChildIndex = 0; ChildIndex < PanelParent->GetChildrenCount(); ChildIndex++)
{
if (UWidget* ChildWidget = PanelParent->GetChildAt(ChildIndex))
{
ForWidgetAndChildren(ChildWidget, WidgetXmlNode);
}
}
}
}
FString GetCurrentWidgetTree() {
TSharedPtr<FXmlFile> xml = CreateFXmlFile();
FString XmlStr;
FXmlNode* RootNode = xml->GetRootNode();
for (TObjectIterator<UUserWidget> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
UUserWidget* UserWidget = *Itr;
if (UserWidget == nullptr || !UserWidget->GetIsVisible() || UserWidget->WidgetTree == nullptr) {
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("UUserWidget Iterator get a null(unvisible) UUserWidget"));
continue;
}
ForWidgetAndChildren(UserWidget->WidgetTree->RootWidget, RootNode);
}
WriteNodeHierarchy(*RootNode, FString(), XmlStr);
return MoveTemp(XmlStr);
}
const UWidget* FindUWidgetObject(const FString& name)
{
for (TObjectIterator<UUserWidget> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
UUserWidget* UserWidget = *Itr;
if (UserWidget == nullptr || !UserWidget->GetIsVisible() || UserWidget->WidgetTree == nullptr) {
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("UUserWidget Iterator get a null(unvisible) UUserWidget"));
continue;
}
UWidget* Widget = UserWidget->GetWidgetFromName(FName(*name));
if (Widget != nullptr) {
return Widget;
}
}
return nullptr;
}
void GetElementBound(const FString& name, FBoundInfo& BoundInfo)
{
const UWidget* Widget = FindUWidgetObject(name);
}
bool GetCurrentLevelName(FString& LevelName)
{
for (TObjectIterator<UUserWidget> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
UUserWidget* UserWidget = *Itr;
if (UserWidget == nullptr || !UserWidget->GetIsVisible() || UserWidget->WidgetTree == nullptr) {
continue;
}
UWorld* World = Itr->GetWorld();
if (World != nullptr)
{
LevelName = World->GetMapName();
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
FString GetUWidgetLabelText(const UWidget* Widget)
{
if (Widget == nullptr)
{
return FString();
}
const UMultiLineEditableText* MultiLineEditableText = Cast<UMultiLineEditableText>(Widget);
if (MultiLineEditableText != nullptr)
{
return MultiLineEditableText->GetText().ToString();
}
const UTextBlock* TextBlock = Cast<UTextBlock>(Widget);
if (TextBlock != nullptr)
{
return TextBlock->GetText().ToString();
}
const UMultiLineEditableTextBox* MultiLineEditableTextBox = Cast<UMultiLineEditableTextBox>(Widget);
if (MultiLineEditableTextBox != nullptr)
{
return MultiLineEditableTextBox->GetText().ToString();
}
return FString();
}
int32 FUWidgetHelper::SurfaceViewWidth = 0;
int32 FUWidgetHelper::SurfaceViewHeight = 0;
float FUWidgetHelper::WidthScale = -1.0f;
float FUWidgetHelper::HeightScale = -1.0f;
float FUWidgetHelper::ViewportScale = -1.0f;
bool FUWidgetHelper::Initialize()
{
if (!CheckGEngine())
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("FUWidgetHelper Initialize failed"));
Inited = false;
return false;
}
#ifdef __ANDROID__
bool AndroidInitResult = InitScaleByAndroid();
if (!AndroidInitResult)
{
InitViewPortScale();
}
#else
//Not Anroid,use general,DPI method.
InitViewPortScale();
#endif
Inited = true;
return true;
}
bool FUWidgetHelper::InitViewPortScale()
{
if (!CheckGEngine())
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("FUWidgetHelper Initialize failed"));
Inited = false;
return false;
}
const FVector2D ViewportSize = FVector2D(GEngine->GameViewport->Viewport->GetSizeXY());
const UUserInterfaceSettings* setting = GetDefault<UUserInterfaceSettings>(UUserInterfaceSettings::StaticClass());
if (setting != nullptr) {
ViewportScale = setting->GetDPIScaleBasedOnSize(FIntPoint(ViewportSize.X, ViewportSize.Y));
if (ViewportScale <= 0.0) {
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("ViewportScale = %f,invaild"), ViewportScale);
Inited = false;
return false;
}
WidthScale = ViewportScale;
HeightScale = ViewportScale;
SurfaceViewWidth = GSystemResolution.ResX / ViewportScale;
SurfaceViewHeight = GSystemResolution.ResY / ViewportScale;
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("Screen(GSystemResolution) with scale %f, size width= %f,height=%f"), ViewportScale, GSystemResolution.ResX / ViewportScale, GSystemResolution.ResY / ViewportScale);
}
return true;
}
bool FUWidgetHelper::InitScaleByAndroid()
{
#ifdef __ANDROID__
if (!CheckGEngine())
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("FUWidgetHelper Initialize failed"));
Inited = false;
return false;
}
const FVector2D ViewportSize = FVector2D(GEngine->GameViewport->Viewport->GetSizeXY());
if (SurfaceViewWidth != 0.0f&&SurfaceViewHeight != 0.0f) {
return true;
}
void* NativeWindow = FAndroidWindow::GetHardwareWindow();
FAndroidWindow::CalculateSurfaceSize(NativeWindow, SurfaceViewWidth, SurfaceViewHeight);
if (SurfaceViewWidth == 0.0f)
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("SurfaceWidth error = 0.0 "));
SurfaceViewWidth = ViewportSize.X;
}
if (SurfaceViewHeight == 0.0f)
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("SurfaceViewHeight error = 0.0 "));
SurfaceViewHeight = ViewportSize.Y;
}
WidthScale = ViewportSize.X / SurfaceViewWidth;
HeightScale = ViewportSize.Y / SurfaceViewHeight;
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Log, TEXT("Surfaceview WidthScale=%f ,HeightScale=%f,SurfaceViewWidth = %d,SurfaceViewHeight=%d"), WidthScale, HeightScale, SurfaceViewWidth, SurfaceViewHeight);
return true;
#else
return false;
#endif
}
bool FUWidgetHelper::CheckGEngine()
{
if (GEngine == nullptr || GEngine->GameViewport == nullptr || GEngine->GameViewport->Viewport == nullptr)
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("Global GEngine(GameViewPort) is null"));
return false;
}
return true;
}
FVector FUWidgetHelper::GetMobileinfo()
{
FVector vector;
vector.X = ViewportScale;
vector.Y = SurfaceViewWidth;
vector.Z = SurfaceViewHeight;
return vector;
}
bool FUWidgetHelper::GetElementBound(const FString& name, FBoundInfo& BoundInfo)
{
if (!Inited&&Initialize())
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("Mobile Screen size get error"));
BoundInfo.existed = false;
BoundInfo.instance = -1;
BoundInfo.visible = false;
return false;
}
const UWidget* WidgetPtr = FindUWidgetObject(name);
if (WidgetPtr == nullptr || !WidgetPtr->IsVisible()) {
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("UObject %s can't find"), *name);
BoundInfo.existed = false;
BoundInfo.instance = -1;
BoundInfo.visible = false;
return true;
}
const FGeometry geometry = WidgetPtr->GetCachedGeometry();
FVector2D Position = geometry.GetAbsolutePosition();
FVector2D Size = geometry.GetAbsoluteSize();
BoundInfo.x = Position.X / WidthScale;
BoundInfo.y = Position.Y / HeightScale;
BoundInfo.width = Size.X / WidthScale;
BoundInfo.height = Size.Y / HeightScale;
return true;
}
bool FUWidgetHelper::PositionInRect(const FGeometry& geometry, float x, float y)
{
FVector2D Position = geometry.GetAbsolutePosition();
FVector2D Size = geometry.GetAbsoluteSize();
if (x >= Position.X&&y >= Position.Y&&x <= (Position.X + Size.X) && y <= (Position.Y + Size.Y))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
const UWidget* FUWidgetHelper::FindUWidgetObjectByPos(float x, float y)
{
if (!Inited&&Initialize())
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Error, TEXT("Mobile Screen size get error"));
return nullptr;
}
float GeometryX = x*WidthScale;
float GeometryY = y*HeightScale;
UWidget* ContainPosWidget = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UUserWidget> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
UUserWidget* UserWidget = *Itr;
if (UserWidget == nullptr || !UserWidget->GetIsVisible() || UserWidget->WidgetTree == nullptr) {
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("UUserWidget Iterator get a null(unvisible) UUserWidget"));
continue;
}
UserWidget->WidgetTree->ForEachWidgetAndDescendants([&ContainPosWidget, this, GeometryX, GeometryY](UWidget* WidgetPtr) {
if (WidgetPtr == nullptr || !WidgetPtr->IsVisible()) {
return;
}
const FGeometry geometry = WidgetPtr->GetCachedGeometry();
if (this->PositionInRect(geometry, GeometryX, GeometryY))
{
ContainPosWidget = WidgetPtr;
}
});
}
return ContainPosWidget;
}
bool TimeTemp::SetTimerHandle()
{
handle = new FTimerHandle();
UGameInstance* gameInstance = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UGameInstance> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
gameInstance = *Itr;
if (gameInstance == nullptr)
{
continue;
}
timerDel.BindLambda([this]() {TimerHandleFunc(); });
gameInstance->GetWorld()->GetTimerManager().SetTimer(*handle, timerDel, tickTime, loop);
return true;
}
return false;
}
static TArray<FCharacterPos> characterposs;
void TimeTemp::TimerHandleFunc()
{
UGameInstance* gameInstance = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UGameInstance> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
gameInstance = *Itr;
if (gameInstance == nullptr)
{
continue;
}
FHitResult Hit, Hit2;
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("Timer Start"));
//
ACharacter* character = gameInstance->GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetCharacter();
FVector vectorStart = character->GetActorLocation();
vectorStart.Z = 0.0f;
FVector actorRotator = character->GetActorForwardVector();
FVector vectorEnd = vectorStart + actorRotator * scales;
vectorEnd.Z = character->GetDefaultHalfHeight() * 2;
DrawDebugLine(gameInstance->GetWorld(), vectorStart + FVector(0.0f, 0.0f, 25.0f), vectorEnd, FColor(255, 0, 0), false, 0, 0, 10);
FCollisionObjectQueryParams checkTrace(ECollisionChannel::ECC_WorldStatic);
checkTrace.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECollisionChannel::ECC_PhysicsBody);
//
gameInstance->GetWorld()->LineTraceSingleByObjectType(Hit, vectorStart + FVector(0.0f, 0.0f, 25.0f)
, vectorEnd, FCollisionObjectQueryParams(checkTrace));
AActor* actor = Hit.GetActor();
if (actor)
{
gameInstance->GetWorld()->GetTimerManager().ClearTimer(*handle);
handle = nullptr;
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("Disable monitor"));
FCharacterPos characterpos;
auto i = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(actor);
characterpos.instance = i;
characterpos.x = character->GetActorLocation().X;
characterpos.y = character->GetActorLocation().Y;
characterpos.z = character->GetActorLocation().Z;
command.ReponseJsonType = ResponseDataType::OBJECT;
characterposs.Push(characterpos);
command.ResponseJson = ArrayToJson<FCharacterPos>(characterposs);
FCommandHandler::cond_var->notify_one();
}
}
}
//
const bool ChangeRotator(const FString& str)
{
UGameInstance* gameinstance = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UGameInstance> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
gameinstance = *Itr;
if (gameinstance == nullptr) {
continue;
}
gameinstance->GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetPawn()->AddControllerYawInput(FCString::Atof(*str));
return true;
}
return false;
}
//
const FRotator getRotation()
{
FRotator rotator = FRotator(90.0f, 90.0f, 90.0f);
UGameInstance* gameinstance = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UGameInstance> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
gameinstance = *Itr;
if (gameinstance == nullptr) {
continue;
}
rotator = gameinstance->GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetPawn()->GetActorRotation();
break;
}
return rotator;
}
//
const float getScale()
{
UGameInstance* gameinstance = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UGameInstance> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
gameinstance = *Itr;
if (gameinstance == nullptr) {
continue;
}
return gameinstance->GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->InputYawScale;
}
return 0.0f;
}
//
const FVector getLevelBound(const FString& str)
{
FVector origin = FVector(0, 0, 0);
FVector boxextent = FVector(0, 0, 0);
for (TObjectIterator<AActor> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
AActor* actor = *Itr;
if (actor == nullptr)
continue;
if (actor->GetName() == FString(str))
{
actor->GetActorBounds(false, origin, boxextent);
return boxextent;
}
}
return boxextent;
}
//
const bool setLocation(const FString& str)
{
ACharacter* character = nullptr;
FVector vec = FVector(0, 0, 0);
UGameInstance* gameinstance = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UGameInstance> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
gameinstance = *Itr;
if (gameinstance == nullptr)
continue;
if (!character)
{
character = gameinstance->GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetCharacter();
vec = gameinstance->GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetPawn()->GetActorForwardVector() * FCString::Atof(*str);
vec += character->GetTargetLocation();
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("%f,%f,%f"), vec.X, vec.Y, vec.Z);
if (character->SetActorLocation(vec))
{
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
}
return false;
}
//
const bool setCharacter(float& posx,float& posy)
{
ACharacter* character = nullptr;
FVector vec = FVector(0, 0, 0);
UGameInstance* gameinstance = nullptr;
for (TObjectIterator<UGameInstance> Itr; Itr; ++Itr)
{
gameinstance = *Itr;
if (gameinstance == nullptr)
continue;
if (!character)
{
character = gameinstance->GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetCharacter();
vec = character->GetTargetLocation();
vec.X = posx;
vec.Y = posy;
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("%f,%f,%f"), vec.X, vec.Y, vec.Z);
if (character->SetActorLocation(vec))
return true;
break;
}
}
return false;
}
struct FParam
{
FString par;
FString outcome;
};
//Api
const FString callRegisterHandler(FName& funcname, FString& funcparams)
{
FParam par;
par.par = funcparams;
UClass* ActorRef = FindObject<UClass>((UObject*)ANY_PACKAGE, *FString("MyObject"));
if (ActorRef)
{
UFunction* func = ActorRef->FindFunctionByName(funcname);
if (func)
{
try
{
ActorRef->ProcessEvent(func, &par);
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("ProcessEvent Success!"))
return par.outcome;
}
catch (const std::exception& ex)
{
UE_LOG(GALog, Log, TEXT("%s"), ex.what())
return "false";
}
}
}
return "Null";
}
}
``` |
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the
# names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
from autothreadharness.harness_case import HarnessCase
import unittest
class Router_5_5_3(HarnessCase):
role = HarnessCase.ROLE_ROUTER
case = '5 5 3'
golden_devices_required = 4
def on_dialog(self, dialog, title):
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
``` |
```asciidoc
////
This file is generated by DocsTest, so don't change it!
////
= apoc.load.driver
:description: This section contains reference documentation for the apoc.load.driver procedure.
label:procedure[] label:apoc-full[]
[.emphasis]
apoc.load.driver('org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver') register JDBC driver of source database
== Signature
[source]
----
apoc.load.driver(driverClass :: STRING?) :: VOID
----
== Input parameters
[.procedures, opts=header]
|===
| Name | Type | Default
|driverClass|STRING?|null
|===
[[usage-apoc.load.driver]]
== Usage Examples
include::partial$usage/apoc.load.driver.adoc[]
``` |
The glossy swiftlet (Collocalia esculenta) is a species of swift in the family Apodidae.
It is found on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and eastwards to New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands.
Taxonomy
The glossy swiftlet was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Hirundo esculenta. The type locality is Ambon Island, one of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. The specific epithet esculenta is from esculentus the Latin word for "edible".
There are 17 recognised subspecies:
C. e. minuta Stresemann, 1925 – Tanahjampea (Paula Jampea) and Kalao Island (in the Flores Sea south of Sulawesi)
C. e. esculenta (Linnaeus, 1758) – central and southern Sulawesi through Banggai and Sula Islands to central and southern Maluku Islands (possibly Aru Islands)
C. e. manadensis Salomonsen, 1983 – northern Sulawesi to Sangihe Islands and the Talaud Islands
C. e. spilura Gray, GR, 1866 – northern Maluku Islands
C. e. amethystina Salomonsen, 1983 – Waigeo Island (off northwestern New Guinea)
C. e. numforensis Salomonsen, 1983 – island of Numfor (off northwestern New Guinea)
C. e. nitens Ogilvie-Grant, 1914 – New Guinea, western Papuan islands, the island of Yapen (in Cenderawasih Bay) and Karkar Island (off the northeast coast of Papua New Guinea)
C. e. misimae Salomonsen, 1983 – Louisiade Archipelago, Trobriand Islands and Woodlark Island, (possibly D'Entrecasteaux Islands)
C. e. tametamele Stresemann, 1921 – New Britain, Long, Vitu Islands and Tolokiwa Island (Bismarck Archipelago)
C. e. stresemanni Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 – Admiralty Islands
C. e. heinrothi Neumann, 1919 – New Ireland, New Hanover Island and Dyaul Island (central Bismarck Archipelago)
C. e. spilogaster Salomonsen, 1983 – Tabar Island and the Lihir Group (northeastern Bismarck Archipelago)
C. e. hypogrammica Salomonsen, 1983 – Nissan Island (northwest of Bougainville Island)
C. e. lagonoleucos Schodde, Rheindt, & Christidis, 2017 – Buka, Bougainville, Shortland Islands (northwest Solomon Islands)
C. e. becki Mayr, 1931 – central and northeastern Solomon Islands
C. e. makirensis Mayr, 1931 – Makira (San Cristóbal Island) (southeastern Solomon Islands)
C. e. desiderata Mayr, 1931 – Rennell Island (southern Solomon Islands)
Seven taxa that are now recognised as species were previously considered as subspecies of the glossy swiftlet. They were raised to species status based on a detailed analysis of the swiftlets in the genus Collocalia published in 2017. The promoted taxa are:
Plume-toed swiftlet (Collocalia affinis)
Grey-rumped swiftlet (Collocalia marginata)
Ridgetop swiftlet (Collocalia isonota)
Tenggara swiftlet (Collocalia sumbawae)
Drab swiftlet (Collocalia neglecta)
Satin swiftlet (Collocalia uropygialis)
Christmas Island swiftlet (Collocalia natalis)
Description
This bird is shiny black-blue above, including its rump; sometimes looks black and hooded. Chest black; belly to flanks white with fine black speckles at margins. Wing tips are rounded; underwing is black. Tail rounded with shallow notch and tiny white panels. It is so similar to the white-rumped swiftlet that both its upperparts and underparts must be seen to distinguish between the two. It is in length. Its voice is a soft twittering.
Behaviour
The glossy swiftlet nests inside caves and buildings, creating a nest on a vertical or under a horizontal surface by secreting a sticky gel and attaching a kind of string-like grass to the surface. It is seen flying over forests, streams, rivers and roads catching insects in flight.
Glossy swiftlets have been considered as possible foster parents for restoring the population of the endangered edible-nest swiftlet in the Andaman Islands.
Distribution
The glossy swiftlet is known from Indonesia, Timor, Brunei, Christmas Island, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It is a vagrant to Australia. It is not a migrant.
Status
The glossy swiftlet is reported as being abundant in at least part of the range. It faces no particular threats, and as a result, the IUCN has listed it as being of "Least Concern".
References
glossy swiftlet
Birds of Malesia
Birds of Melanesia
glossy swiftlet
glossy swiftlet
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
```css
/*! fancyBox v2.1.5 fancyapps.com | fancyapps.com/fancybox/#license */
.fancybox-wrap,
.fancybox-skin,
.fancybox-outer,
.fancybox-inner,
.fancybox-image,
.fancybox-wrap iframe,
.fancybox-wrap object,
.fancybox-nav,
.fancybox-nav span,
.fancybox-tmp
{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
border: 0;
outline: none;
vertical-align: top;
}
.fancybox-wrap {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 8020;
}
.fancybox-skin {
position: relative;
background: #f9f9f9;
color: #444;
text-shadow: none;
/*-webkit-border-radius: 4px;
-moz-border-radius: 4px;
border-radius: 4px;*/
}
.fancybox-opened {
z-index: 8030;
}
.fancybox-opened .fancybox-skin {
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}
.fancybox-outer, .fancybox-inner {
position: relative;
}
.fancybox-inner {
overflow: hidden;
}
.fancybox-type-iframe .fancybox-inner {
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
.fancybox-error {
color: #444;
font: 14px/20px "Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
margin: 0;
padding: 15px;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.fancybox-image, .fancybox-iframe {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.fancybox-image {
max-width: 100%;
max-height: 100%;
}
#fancybox-loading, .fancybox-close, .fancybox-prev span, .fancybox-next span {
background-image: url(../img/gallery/fancybox_sprite.png);
}
#fancybox-loading {
position: fixed;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
margin-top: -22px;
margin-left: -22px;
background-position: 0 -108px;
opacity: 0.8;
cursor: pointer;
z-index: 8060;
}
#fancybox-loading div {
width: 44px;
height: 44px;
background: url(../img/gallery/fancybox_loading.gif) center center no-repeat;
}
.fancybox-close {
position: absolute;
top: -18px;
right: -18px;
width: 36px;
height: 36px;
cursor: pointer;
z-index: 8040;
}
.fancybox-nav {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
width: 40%;
height: 100%;
cursor: pointer;
text-decoration: none;
background: transparent url(../img/gallery/blank.gif); /* helps IE */
-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
z-index: 8040;
}
.fancybox-prev {
left: 0;
}
.fancybox-next {
right: 0;
}
.fancybox-nav span {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: 36px;
height: 34px;
margin-top: -18px;
cursor: pointer;
z-index: 8040;
visibility: hidden;
}
.fancybox-prev span {
left: 10px;
background-position: 0 -36px;
}
.fancybox-next span {
right: 10px;
background-position: 0 -72px;
}
.fancybox-nav:hover span {
visibility: visible;
}
.fancybox-tmp {
position: absolute;
top: -99999px;
left: -99999px;
max-width: 99999px;
max-height: 99999px;
overflow: visible !important;
}
/* Overlay helper */
.fancybox-lock {
overflow: visible !important;
width: auto;
}
.fancybox-lock body {
overflow: hidden !important;
}
.fancybox-lock-test {
overflow-y: hidden !important;
}
.fancybox-overlay {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
overflow: hidden;
display: none;
z-index: 8010;
background: url(../img/gallery/fancybox_overlay.png);
}
.fancybox-overlay-fixed {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
}
.fancybox-lock .fancybox-overlay {
overflow: auto;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
/* Title helper */
.fancybox-title {
visibility: hidden;
font: normal 13px/20px "Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
position: relative;
text-shadow: none;
z-index: 8050;
}
.fancybox-opened .fancybox-title {
visibility: visible;
}
.fancybox-title-float-wrap {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
right: 50%;
margin-bottom: -35px;
z-index: 8050;
text-align: center;
}
.fancybox-title-float-wrap .child {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: -100%;
padding: 2px 20px;
background: transparent; /* Fallback for web browsers that doesn't support RGBa */
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
-webkit-border-radius: 15px;
-moz-border-radius: 15px;
border-radius: 15px;
text-shadow: 0 1px 2px #222;
color: #FFF;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 24px;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.fancybox-title-outside-wrap {
position: relative;
margin-top: 10px;
color: #fff;
}
.fancybox-title-inside-wrap {
padding-top: 10px;
}
.fancybox-title-over-wrap {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
background: #000;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .8);
}
/*Retina graphics!*/
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5),
only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5){
#fancybox-loading, .fancybox-close, .fancybox-prev span, .fancybox-next span {
background-image: url(../img/gallery/fancybox_sprite@2x.png);
background-size: 44px 152px; /*The size of the normal image, half the size of the hi-res image*/
}
#fancybox-loading div {
background-image: url(../img/gallery/fancybox_loading@2x.gif);
background-size: 24px 24px; /*The size of the normal image, half the size of the hi-res image*/
}
}
``` |
```python
import http.server
import multiprocessing
import os
import socket
import ssl
from typing import Callable
import pexpect
import pytest
from common_test_methods import get_host_ip4_by_dest_ip
from pytest_embedded import Dut
from RangeHTTPServer import RangeRequestHandler
server_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'server_certs/ca_cert.pem')
key_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'server_certs/server_key.pem')
enc_bin_name = 'pre_encrypted_ota_secure.bin'
def https_request_handler() -> Callable[...,http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler]:
"""
Returns a request handler class that handles broken pipe exception
"""
class RequestHandler(RangeRequestHandler):
def finish(self) -> None:
try:
if not self.wfile.closed:
self.wfile.flush()
self.wfile.close()
except socket.error:
pass
self.rfile.close()
def handle(self) -> None:
try:
RangeRequestHandler.handle(self)
except socket.error:
pass
return RequestHandler
def start_https_server(ota_image_dir: str, server_ip: str, server_port: int) -> None:
os.chdir(ota_image_dir)
requestHandler = https_request_handler()
httpd = http.server.HTTPServer((server_ip, server_port), requestHandler)
ssl_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
ssl_context.load_cert_chain(certfile=server_file, keyfile=key_file)
httpd.socket = ssl_context.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
@pytest.mark.esp32
@pytest.mark.ethernet_ota
def test_examples_protocol_pre_encrypted_ota_example(dut: Dut) -> None:
server_port = 8001
# Start server
thread1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=start_https_server, args=(dut.app.binary_path, '0.0.0.0', server_port))
thread1.daemon = True
thread1.start()
try:
dut.expect('Loaded app from partition at offset', timeout=30)
try:
ip_address = dut.expect(r'IPv4 address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)[^\d]', timeout=30)[1].decode()
print('Connected to AP/Ethernet with IP: {}'.format(ip_address))
except pexpect.exceptions.TIMEOUT:
raise ValueError('ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Cannot connect to AP/Ethernet')
host_ip = get_host_ip4_by_dest_ip(ip_address)
dut.expect('Starting Pre Encrypted OTA example', timeout=30)
print('writing to device: {}'.format('path_to_url + host_ip + ':' + str(server_port) + '/' + enc_bin_name))
dut.write('path_to_url + host_ip + ':' + str(server_port) + '/' + enc_bin_name)
dut.expect('Magic Verified', timeout=30)
dut.expect('Reading RSA private key', timeout=30)
dut.expect('upgrade successful. Rebooting', timeout=60)
# after reboot
dut.expect('Loaded app from partition at offset', timeout=30)
finally:
thread1.terminate()
@pytest.mark.esp32
@pytest.mark.ethernet_ota
@pytest.mark.parametrize('config', ['partial_download',], indirect=True)
def your_sha256_hash(dut: Dut) -> None:
server_port = 8001
# Size of partial HTTP request
request_size = int(dut.app.sdkconfig.get('EXAMPLE_HTTP_REQUEST_SIZE'))
# File to be downloaded. This file is generated after compilation
binary_file = os.path.join(dut.app.binary_path, enc_bin_name)
bin_size = os.path.getsize(binary_file)
http_requests = int((bin_size / request_size) - 1)
assert http_requests > 1
# Start server
thread1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=start_https_server, args=(dut.app.binary_path, '0.0.0.0', server_port))
thread1.daemon = True
thread1.start()
try:
dut.expect('Loaded app from partition at offset', timeout=30)
try:
ip_address = dut.expect(r'IPv4 address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)[^\d]', timeout=30)[1].decode()
print('Connected to AP/Ethernet with IP: {}'.format(ip_address))
except pexpect.exceptions.TIMEOUT:
raise ValueError('ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Cannot connect to AP/Ethernet')
host_ip = get_host_ip4_by_dest_ip(ip_address)
dut.expect('Starting Pre Encrypted OTA example', timeout=30)
print('writing to device: {}'.format('path_to_url + host_ip + ':' + str(server_port) + '/' + enc_bin_name))
dut.write('path_to_url + host_ip + ':' + str(server_port) + '/' + enc_bin_name)
dut.expect('Magic Verified', timeout=30)
dut.expect('Reading RSA private key', timeout=30)
for _ in range(http_requests):
dut.expect('Connection closed', timeout=60)
dut.expect('upgrade successful. Rebooting', timeout=60)
# after reboot
dut.expect('Loaded app from partition at offset', timeout=30)
finally:
thread1.terminate()
``` |
```rust
#![allow(dead_code, non_snake_case, non_camel_case_types, non_upper_case_globals)]
pub type RefPtr<T> = T;
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone)]
pub struct A {
pub _address: u8,
}
pub type A_a = b;
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_operation, clippy::identity_op)]
const _: () = {
["Size of A"][::std::mem::size_of::<A>() - 1usize];
["Alignment of A"][::std::mem::align_of::<A>() - 1usize];
};
#[repr(C)]
pub struct e<c> {
pub _phantom_0: ::std::marker::PhantomData<::std::cell::UnsafeCell<c>>,
pub d: RefPtr<c>,
}
impl<c> Default for e<c> {
fn default() -> Self {
let mut s = ::std::mem::MaybeUninit::<Self>::uninit();
unsafe {
::std::ptr::write_bytes(s.as_mut_ptr(), 0, 1);
s.assume_init()
}
}
}
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone)]
pub struct f {
pub _address: u8,
}
#[repr(C)]
pub struct g {
pub h: f,
}
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_operation, clippy::identity_op)]
const _: () = {
["Size of g"][::std::mem::size_of::<g>() - 1usize];
["Alignment of g"][::std::mem::align_of::<g>() - 1usize];
["Offset of field: g::h"][::std::mem::offset_of!(g, h) - 0usize];
};
impl Default for g {
fn default() -> Self {
let mut s = ::std::mem::MaybeUninit::<Self>::uninit();
unsafe {
::std::ptr::write_bytes(s.as_mut_ptr(), 0, 1);
s.assume_init()
}
}
}
#[repr(C)]
pub struct b {
pub _base: g,
}
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_operation, clippy::identity_op)]
const _: () = {
["Size of b"][::std::mem::size_of::<b>() - 1usize];
["Alignment of b"][::std::mem::align_of::<b>() - 1usize];
};
impl Default for b {
fn default() -> Self {
let mut s = ::std::mem::MaybeUninit::<Self>::uninit();
unsafe {
::std::ptr::write_bytes(s.as_mut_ptr(), 0, 1);
s.assume_init()
}
}
}
extern "C" {
#[link_name = "\u{1}_Z25Servo_Element_GetSnapshotv"]
pub fn Servo_Element_GetSnapshot() -> A;
}
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_operation, clippy::identity_op)]
const _: () = {
[
"Size of template specialization: f_open0_e_open1_int_close1_close0",
][::std::mem::size_of::<f>() - 1usize];
[
"Align of template specialization: f_open0_e_open1_int_close1_close0",
][::std::mem::align_of::<f>() - 1usize];
};
``` |
Anselm of Gembloux, Latinized Anselmus Gemblacensis (died 22 February 1136) was abbot of Gembloux Abbey 1115–1136, and continuator of the chronicle of Sigebert of Gembloux.
Before his election he had been scholaster at Hautvilliers Abbey (fr) and Lagny Abbey (fr). As abbot of Gembloux he had repairs carried out to the buildings and extended the monastery's revenues. He rebuilt the church at Mont-Saint-Guibert and in 1123 received a charter of liberties for the village from Godfrey II, Count of Louvain.
Sources
Index scriptorum novus Mediae Latinitatis: Ab anno DCCC usque ad annum MCC (Copenhagen, 1973), p. 27.
References
1136 deaths
12th-century historians from the Holy Roman Empire
Year of birth unknown
Abbots of Gembloux |
Große Aschbergschanze was a ski jumping large hill in Klingenthal, Germany.
History
The hill was opened in 1959 and owned by SC Traktor Oberwiesenthal. It hosted an FIS Ski jumping World Cup event in 1986. Jens Weißflog holds the hill record. It was closed in 1990. In 2006 it was replaced by a new ski jumping venue, Vogtlandarena, at another site in Klingenthal.
References
Ski jumping venues in Germany
Sports venues in Saxony
1959 establishments in Germany |
The 101st Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery (101st HAA Rgt) was an air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army raised in northern Scotland just before World War II. After defending the naval base of Scapa Flow against air attack in the early part of the war, the regiment went to India and later took part in the Burma Campaign in the anti-aircraft role and with heavy howitzers in support of ground forces, even on occasion fighting as infantry. It was reformed in the post-war TA (as 501st HAA Rgt) and continued until the abolition of Anti-Aircraft Command in 1955.
Origin
The regiment was formed in August 1939 from two previously independent anti-aircraft (AA) batteries of the Royal Artillery (RA): 226th (Caithness and Orkney) AA Bty and 297th (Inverness) AA Bty. The regimental headquarters (RHQ) was at Inverness. (AA Regiments and Batteries equipped with 3.7-inch and larger guns were redesignated Heavy AA (HAA) on 1 June 1940 to distinguish them from the new Light AA (LAA) units that were being formed).
226th (Caithness and Orkney) HAA Bty
All the Territorial Army (TA) units recruited in the Orkney Islands had been disbanded during World War I, but with the deteriorating international situation in 1937 the part-time TA was expanded, and the first new unit in the Orkneys was part of an AA battery, with the remainder recruited from Caithness on the mainland of Scotland. The first officer commanding (OC) of 226th (Caithness and Orkney) AA Bty (appointed 1 February 1938) was Brevet Colonel G.D.K. Murray, OBE, MC, TD, formerly commanding officer (CO) of 4th/5th Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders, (although in his new role he only received the rank and allowances of a Major). The battery had its headquarters (HQ) at Kirkwall on Orkney.
297th (Inverness) HAA Bty
At the beginning of 1939, 297th (Inverness) Battery, based at Margaret Street in Inverness, was part of 75th (Highland) Field Regiment; prior to 1920 it had been the Inverness-shire Royal Horse Artillery, first formed in 1908. It was commanded by Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel J.A. Mackintosh. By May 1939, it was being converted into a AA battery.
Mobilisation and Phoney War
The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the Munich Crisis, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment. The emergency lasted three weeks, and they were stood down on 13 October. In February 1939, the existing AA defences came under the control of a new Anti-Aircraft Command. In June, as the international situation worsened, a partial mobilisation of the TA was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA gun and searchlight positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations. In the case of 226th (Caithness and Orkney) Bty, this was at the vital naval base of Scapa Flow, which consists of an anchorage virtually surrounded by the Orkney Islands. On the outbreak of war the battery's eight guns were the base's only land-based AA defence, though the Royal Navy estimated that at least 24 were required to protect the unarmed tankers and storeships, and the shore facilities. 101st HAA Regiment, under the command of Bt-Col G.D.K. Murray, formed part of 36th (Scottish) Anti-Aircraft Brigade in 3 AA Division.
Scottish naval bases received the initial attacks by the German Luftwaffe: first Rosyth on the Firth of Forth on 16 October, then Scapa Flow the following day, when 14 hostile aircraft in three waves attacked the warships in the anchorage. Although there was as yet no early-warning radar for Scapa, 226 HAA Bty was able to engage the raiders, shooting down one, which crashed on the island of Hoy, although the decommissioned former Fleet flagship HMS Iron Duke (being used as an AA platform) was hit and had to be beached. These attacks prompted calls for stronger AA defences at Scottish bases and 3 AA Division was strongly reinforced with 3.7-inch and 4.5-inch HAA guns, searchlights, and a few LAA guns. Among the reinforcements was the first new HAA battery formed in the Royal Artillery after the outbreak of war, 317 Bty of 101st HAA Rgt, formed at Inverness. But the problems at Scapa were formidable: the anchorage is so large that parts were beyond the range of HAA guns, and the guns had to be laboriously emplaced on rugged islands that were only accessible by boat. The next attack, on 16 March 1940, caught these increased defences only half prepared. About 15 Junkers Ju 88 bombers approached at low level at dusk, half attacking the warships and the rest attacking the airfield. Forty-four HAA guns engaged, but the predictors were defeated by the bombers' erratic courses amidst the gun-flashes and low light, and none were shot down, while the Navy suffered further losses.
Home Defence
By the time the Phoney War ended and the Battle of Britain began in July 1940, the Orkney and Shetland Defence Force (OSDEF) had 88 HAA guns at Scapa Flow and 12 in Shetland, under 58 and 59 AA Brigades. While 226 HAA Bty remained on Orkney operating under RHQ of 81st HAA Rgt, RHQ of 101st HAA Rgt with 297 and 317 HAA Btys was in Shetland. Together with 60 LAA Bty (of 19th LAA Rgt) and a S/L Bty, the regiment was the sole AA Defence of Shetland.
The regiment remained in OSDEF, latterly with 136 Z Battery (equipped with rocket projectors) under its command, until June 1941, when it crossed back to North Eastern mainland Scotland, where it joined 51 AA Bde in 3 AA Division.
The regiment sent a cadre to 210th Training Regiment at Oswestry to provide the basis for a new 389 Bty; this was formed on 14 November 1940 and later joined 111th HAA Rgt. On 18 June 1941 317 HAA Bty left to join 71st (Forth) HAA Rgt and was replaced by 379 HAA Bty transferred from 108th HAA Rgt in 51 AA Bde.
In the summer 101st HAA Rgt was joined by a fourth battery, the newly raised 427 HAA Bty. This battery had been formed at 211th HAA Training Rgt, Oswestry, on 24 April 1941 from a cadre supplied by 54th (City of London) HAA Rgt, then joined 64th (Northumbrian) HAA Rgt on 22 July before transferring on to 101st HAA Rgt on 6 August. 101st HAA Rgt provided another cadre for 481 (Mixed) Bty formed at 210th HAA Training Rgt on 18 September 1941, which joined 137th (Mixed) HAA Rgt ('Mixed' units were those into which women from the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated.) The regiment supplied a further cadre to 211th Training Rgt for 525 (M) HAA Bty formed on 22 January 1942 for 155th (M) HAA Rgt.
In June 1942, RHQ moved to South East England to join 56 AA Bde in 6 AA Division, with 226, 379 and 427 HAA Btys, while 297 HAA Bty remained in Scotland, temporarily attached to 52 AA Bde in 3 AA Division. On 10 July 427 HAA Bty left the regiment and joined 147th HAA Rgt, reducing 101st to the three-battery establishment for overseas service. Shortly afterwards 101st HAA Rgt moved to 35 AA Bde in 5 AA Division covering central Southern England, while 297 HAA Bty was attached to 3 AA Bde in Northern Ireland. Finally, in September, the regiment joined 26 (London) AA Bde in 1 AA Division.
India
These rapid moves and the reduction to a three-battery establishment were characteristic for AA units being prepared for overseas service, when they were loaned back to AA Command between training camps. In January 1943, 101st HAA Regiment left AA Command and came under direct War Office Control, with 226, 297, 379 HAA Btys and its own 101 HAA Workshop Section, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME), under command. It embarked for India and left by mid March.
101sth HAA Regiment landed at Bombay at the beginning of July 1943 and moved to Avadi where it came under the command of 3 Indian AA Bde. 226 and 297 HAA Batteries were mobile, while 379 Bty manned static guns. 297 HAA Battery was soon detached to Madras, but returned on 10 August in time for the regiment to move back to the Bombay area. From 15 October 1943 to 27 January 1944, the regiment came under the command of 1 Royal Marines AA Bde, and from 16 April under 9 AA Bde.
Burma
In September, it moved up to the front, arriving in the Imphal area on 27 September, where it joined XXXIII Indian Corps in time for Operation Capital. This operation was designed to throw the Japanese off the Manipur heights and establish bases on the Chindwin River. As the force struggled forward through the Monsoon, the corps' AA gunners followed closely behind, moving east from Imphal to Tamu, and down the Kabaw Valley to meet 5th Indian Division at Kalemyo at the end of November.
With the almost total elimination of the Japanese air force in the theatre, Fourteenth Army increasingly used its 3.7-inch HAA guns as medium artillery against ground targets. As 11th East African Division forced its way through the Myittha Gorge to Kalewa, a troop of 101st HAA Rgt was directed by air observation post (AOP) aircraft to fire at the town. This was at , extreme range for a 3.7-inch gun, but the AOP pilot observed the first shot land exactly in the confluence of the Myittha and Chindwin rivers and was quickly able to correct the fire onto the nearby track junction. Throughout the following nights the guns fired harassing fire (HF) tasks against this bottleneck, causing severe disruption to the Japanese movements. Kalewa fell on 2 December.
While XXXIII Corps bridged the Chindwin at Kalewa, 101st HAA Rgt provided AA protection for the bridgehead. Although Japanese air attacks had been slight, now they made determined efforts to destroy the Bailey bridge, but the HAA and LAA guns fired intense concentrations that broke up the attacks and shot down several aircraft; the bridge remained intact.
In December, 'A' Troop of 226 HAA Bty took over four 7.2-inch howitzers. Moving these heavy guns through the jungle and Paddy fields into firing positions took enormous labour, and often required extra recovery vehicles and bulldozers. Normally the howitzers went forward at first light to join the infantry, who would identify the target, usually a bunker. This would be engaged over open sights, sometimes after an air strike or field guns had blown away any camouflage to reveal the target. There was pressure to achieve early hits and to couple the gun up to its tractor and withdraw before the Japanese retaliated with mortar fire.
That month, XXXIII Corps launched its main drive from Kalewa towards Mandalay down two routes. The Corps Commander Royal Artillery (CCRA) decentralised control over 101st HAA Rgt, so that 226th Bty accompanied 2nd Division on the left, heading through the jungle for Shwebo, while 297 Bty went with 20th Indian Division on the right down the Chindwin towards Monywa. 2nd Division made good progress to Shwebo in January 1945, with 226 HAA Bty providing route protection and cover for airstrips and field gun positions. Japanese aircraft raided the airfields in greater numbers than had been seen for some time. 20th Indian Division had rougher going along the river valley, and then a stiff six-day battle to take Monywa.
The CCRA then organised a strong artillery group to support the two divisions in their assault crossing of the wide Irrawaddy River, with 101st HAA Rgt operating both its 16 x 3.7-inch and 4 x 7.2-inch equipment. The long-range 3.7s were used for a long programme of counter-battery (CB), Interdiction and HF tasks, with half the guns capable of immediate reversion to the AA role if enemy aircraft appeared. One 3.7-inch HAA gun, detached to 16th Field Rgt with 2nd Division, could just reach Mandalay. 20th Indian Division began its crossing on 12 February 1945, supported by a corps fire programme including 'bombard' tasks from 3- to 7-inch guns at using AA Fuzes. It took 20th Indian Division two weeks to establish a firm bridgehead and beat off counter-attacks, then 2nd Division began its assault upstream, supported by the Corps artillery in similar fashion.
By the first week in March, XXXIII Corps' divisions were closing in to capture Mandalay from several directions, and 101st HAA Rgt's batteries were once more decentralised to the divisions, moving and fighting with the infantry, often under heavy shellfire. 19th Indian Division reached the outskirts of the city on 7 March and began a siege of Fort Dufferin. After that citadel fell on 20 March, 2nd and 20th Indian Divisions began to clear the city.
Now that the Irrawaddy was crossed and Mandalay captured, the country was more open, and Fourteenth Army could drive towards Rangoon. 101st HAA Regiment remained as Corps HAA regiment with XXXIII Corps, used mainly in the ground role, though 297 and 379 HAA Btys were posted to defend Magwe airfield when it fell to 19th Indian Division on 19 April (XXXIII Corps was depending on supply by air). During the advance on Prome, gunners of 101st HAA Rgt fought for a while as infantry, guarding the gap between XXXIII and IV Corps. They sent out fighting patrols and fought several actions with Japanese troops trying to escape eastwards. The regiment was then concentrated at Allanmyo for rest before returning to ground and air defence artillery tasks.
By 20 May, 101st HAA Rgt was supporting 268th Indian Infantry Brigade in its advance along the east bank of the Irrawaddy. The weather broke and made all movement difficult, but opposition was light, and the force established a cordon along the river to catch the retreating Japanese, who made determined attempts to break through until the fighting ended on 30 May. June was spent clearing up pockets of Japanese in the Irrawaddy area.
In June 1945, XXXIII Indian Corps was disbanded (its HQ became the basis for the new Twelfth Army) and the AA organisation in Burma was regrouped. By the end of the month, 101st HAA Rgt was at Meiktila under 24 AA Bde, and 379 HAA Bty disbanded on 14 July 1945.
After the Japanese surrender on 15 August, the regiment was at Rangoon with just its original batteries (226 and 297), where it was placed in suspended animation between 1 September and 1 December 1945.
Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, the regiment was reformed as 501 (Mobile) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, now based at Fairfield Camp, Aberdeen. It formed part of 78 AA Bde (the former 52 AA Bde at Perth).
In March 1955, AA Command was abolished, and there were wholesale disbandments and amalgamations among its units. 501 HAA Regiment merged into 275 Regiment, RA (the former 75th (Highland) Field Rgt from which 297 HAA Bty had originally been transferred).
Commanding Officers
The following served as CO of the regiment:
Bt Col G.D.K. Murray, OBE, MC, TD – from formation; later Brigadier
Lt-Col H.V. Kerr – in Burma
Lt-Col J. Green – in Burma
Maj H.E. Ruddock – in Burma
Footnotes
Notes
References
Basil Collier, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom, London: HM Stationery Office, 1957.
Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, .
Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Far East Theatre 1939–1946, London: Brasseys, 2002, .
J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984, .
Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, .
D. Rollo The History of the Orkney and Shetland Volunteers and Territorials 1793–1958, Lerwick: Shetland Times, 1958.
Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, .
Maj-Gen S. Woodburn Kirby, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War Against Japan Vol IV, The Reconquest of Burma, London: HM Stationery Office, 1955/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, .
Maj-Gen S. Woodburn Kirby, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War Against Japan Vol V, ''The Surrender of Japan', London: HM Stationery Office, 1969/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, .
External sources
British Army units from 1945 on
Generals of World War II
Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
Royal Artillery 1939–1945
Graham Watson, The Territorial Army 1947
Heavy anti-aircraft regiments of the Royal Artillery
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations of Scotland
Military units and formations in Inverness-shire |
Żbiki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Przasnysz and north of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Przasnysz County |
```go
package captain
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"sync/atomic"
"testing"
"time"
)
func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
tests := [][]byte{
[]byte("1"),
[]byte("2"),
[]byte("3"),
}
startTime := time.Now().UTC()
for _, v := range tests {
err = a.Append(v)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Append err=%s", err)
}
}
endTime := time.Now().UTC()
c, err := s.OpenCursor()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Cursor err=%s", err)
}
for i, v := range tests {
r, err := c.Next()
if err != nil || (r == nil && err == nil) {
t.Fatalf("ursor.Next() mismatch, r=%+v, err=%s, index=%d", r, err, i)
}
if !bytes.Equal(r.Payload, v) {
t.Fatalf("Payload mismatch, act=%+v, exp=%+v", r.Payload, v)
}
if r.Time.Before(startTime) || r.Time.After(endTime) {
t.Fatalf("Record time out of range, act=%s, expected between %s - %s", r.Time, startTime, endTime)
}
}
}
func TestAppendRotate(t *testing.T) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
// 71 bytes is the size of magic header + 3 single char records.
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
options := &AppendOptions{SegmentSize: 71}
a, err := s.OpenAppender(options)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
oneSeg := []*segmentInfo{&segmentInfo{name: filepath.Clean(dir + "/000000001.log"), seq: 1}}
twoSeg := append(oneSeg, &segmentInfo{name: filepath.Clean(dir + "/000000002.log"), seq: 2})
tests := []struct {
payload []byte
expSize int
expSegs []*segmentInfo
}{
{payload: []byte("1"), expSize: 29, expSegs: oneSeg},
{payload: []byte("2"), expSize: 50, expSegs: oneSeg},
{payload: []byte("3"), expSize: 71, expSegs: oneSeg},
{payload: []byte("4"), expSize: 29, expSegs: twoSeg},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
err := a.Append(tt.payload)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Append err=%s", err)
}
segs := scanSegments(dir)
if len(segs) != len(tt.expSegs) {
t.Fatalf("Segment length mismatch, act=%d, exp=%d", len(segs), len(tt.expSegs))
}
for i, s := range tt.expSegs {
if *segs[i] != *s {
t.Fatalf("Segment mismatch, act=%+v, exp=%+v", segs[i], s)
}
}
var stat os.FileInfo
if len(tt.expSegs) == len(oneSeg) {
stat, err = os.Stat(oneSeg[0].name)
} else if len(tt.expSegs) == len(twoSeg) {
stat, err = os.Stat(twoSeg[1].name)
}
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Unable to stat, err=%s", err)
}
if stat.Size() != int64(tt.expSize) {
t.Fatalf("Size mismatch, act=%d, exp=%d", stat.Size(), tt.expSize)
}
}
}
func TestAppendInvalidDir(t *testing.T) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
// Set dir to invalid.
a.path = dir + "/does-not-exist"
err = a.Append([]byte("a"))
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected err on invalid dir")
}
}
// Test failure handling for an unlikely record marshaling error.
func TestAppendRecordMarshalFailure(t *testing.T) {
testErr := errors.New("invalid file descriptor")
copy := binaryWrite
expData := []byte("a")
binaryWrite = func(w io.Writer, order binary.ByteOrder, data interface{}) error {
b, ok := data.([]byte)
if ok && bytes.Equal(expData, b) {
return testErr
}
return copy(w, order, data)
}
defer func() { binaryWrite = copy }()
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
err = a.Append(expData)
if err != testErr {
t.Fatalf("Append err, act=%s, exp=%s", err, testErr)
}
}
// Test internal writer failure handling.
// e.g., Disk full, closed fd.
func TestAppendWriteFailure(t *testing.T) {
expData := []byte("deadbeef")
testErr := errors.New("invalid file descriptor")
copy := binaryWrite
binaryWrite = func(w io.Writer, order binary.ByteOrder, data interface{}) error {
b, ok := data.([]byte)
// Look for expData within marshaled record.
if ok && len(b) == 28 && bytes.Equal(expData, b[16:24]) {
return testErr
}
return copy(w, order, data)
}
defer func() { binaryWrite = copy }()
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
err = a.Append(expData)
if err != testErr {
t.Fatalf("Append err, act=%s, exp=%s", err, testErr)
}
}
func TestAppendEmptyDir(t *testing.T) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
segPath := dir + "/000000001.log"
_, err = os.Stat(segPath)
if os.IsExist(err) {
t.Fatalf("Expected empty dir")
}
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("New Appender err=%s", err)
}
a.Append([]byte("a"))
f, err := os.Open(segPath)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected file path to exist")
}
if err = validateSegmentHeader(f, testMagicHeader); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected valid segment header, err=%s", err)
}
}
func TestAppendInvalidHeader(t *testing.T) {
s := NewStream("./test/invalid-header", testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("New Appender err=%s", err)
}
err = a.Append([]byte("a"))
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("Append err, act=nil, exp=err")
}
}
func TestAppenderNewWithInvalidDir(t *testing.T) {
s := NewStream("./test/does-not-exist", testMagicHeader)
_, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected not found err")
}
}
// Opening a new appender on a directory with the last segment file already at
// the SegmentSize limit, should rotate it immediately.
func TestAppenderLastActiveFileAtLimit(t *testing.T) {
dir := "./test/appender-rotate-limit"
expFile := dir + "/000000003.log"
defer os.Remove(expFile)
// 71 bytes is the size of magic header + 3 single char records.
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
options := &AppendOptions{SegmentSize: 71}
a, err := s.OpenAppender(options)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("New appender err=%s", err)
}
f, err := a.activeSegment()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Unexpected Appender.activeFile() err=%s", err)
}
if f.Name() != expFile {
t.Fatalf("Rotated file mismatch, act=%s, exp=%s", f.Name(), expFile)
}
}
func TestAppendProcessLock(t *testing.T) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a1, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
a2, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
if err := a1.Lock(); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Appender Lock err=%s", err)
}
defer a1.Unlock()
done := make(chan struct{})
go func() {
if err := a2.Lock(); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Appender Lock err=%s", err)
}
defer a2.Unlock()
close(done)
}()
timer := time.NewTimer(100 * time.Millisecond)
select {
case <-done:
t.Fatalf("Unexpected second append lock")
case <-timer.C:
}
a1.Unlock()
timer = time.NewTimer(100 * time.Millisecond)
select {
case <-done:
case <-timer.C:
t.Fatalf("Expected successful a2 lock")
}
}
func TestAppenderActiveFileExistingSegments(t *testing.T) {
dir := "./test/appender-existing-segments"
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
f, err := a.activeSegment()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Active segment err=%s", err)
}
expFile := dir + "/000000002.log"
if f.Name() != expFile {
t.Fatalf("Active file mismatch, act=%s, exp=%s", f.Name(), expFile)
}
}
type testSegmentWriter struct {
sync func() error
write func(b []byte) (int, error)
}
func (w *testSegmentWriter) Sync() error {
return w.sync()
}
func (w *testSegmentWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
return w.write(b)
}
func (w *testSegmentWriter) Close() error {
return nil
}
func TestAppenderSyncInterval(t *testing.T) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(&AppendOptions{SyncPolicy: SyncInterval, SyncInterval: 10})
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
// Ensure sync is proper when there is no segment file to sync.
// This will show up in coverage report.
time.Sleep(15 * time.Millisecond)
var n uint32
w := &testSegmentWriter{
sync: func() error {
atomic.AddUint32(&n, 1)
return nil
},
}
a.rwlock.Lock()
a.seg = &segmentWriter{writer: w}
a.rwlock.Unlock()
time.Sleep(40 * time.Millisecond)
actN := atomic.LoadUint32(&n)
if actN < 3 || actN > 5 {
t.Fatalf("Sync count act=%d, exp=3 - 5", actN)
}
}
func TestAppenderSyncAlways(t *testing.T) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-captain")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
s := NewStream(dir, testMagicHeader)
a, err := s.OpenAppender(&AppendOptions{SyncPolicy: SyncAlways})
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Open Appender err=%s", err)
}
var n int
w := &testSegmentWriter{
sync: func() error {
n++
return nil
},
write: func(b []byte) (int, error) {
return len(b), nil
},
}
a.rwlock.Lock()
a.seg = &segmentWriter{writer: w}
a.rwlock.Unlock()
err = a.Append([]byte("a"))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Append err=%s", err)
}
if n != 1 {
t.Fatalf("Sync count act=%d, exp=1", n)
}
}
``` |
Vokesimurex tricoronis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
Description
The shell attains a length of 54.2 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off Cedros Island, Mexico.
References
Berry S.S. (1960). Notices of new eastern Pacific Mollusca.- IV. Leaflets in Malacology. 1(19): 115-122
Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.
Houart, R. (2014). Living Muricidae of the world. Muricinae. Murex, Promurex, Haustellum, Bolinus, Vokesimurex and Siratus. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 197 pp.
Gastropods described in 1960
tricoronis |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Ring Structure Reference</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/jazzy.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/highlight.css" />
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<script src="../js/jquery.min.js" defer></script>
<script src="../js/jazzy.js" defer></script>
</head>
<body>
<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Struct/Ring" class="dashAnchor"></a>
<a title="Ring Structure Reference"></a>
<header>
<div class="content-wrapper">
<p><a href="../index.html">UICircularProgressRing 7.0.0 Docs</a> (100% documented)</p>
</div>
</header>
<div class="content-wrapper">
<p id="breadcrumbs">
<a href="../index.html">UICircularProgressRing Reference</a>
<img id="carat" src="../img/carat.png" />
Ring Structure Reference
</p>
</div>
<div class="content-wrapper">
<nav class="sidebar">
<ul class="nav-groups">
<li class="nav-group-name">
<a href="../Enums.html">Enumerations</a>
<ul class="nav-group-tasks">
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Enums/RingAxis.html">RingAxis</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Enums/RingColor.html">RingColor</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Enums/RingProgress.html">RingProgress</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Enums/TimerRingTimeUnit.html">TimerRingTimeUnit</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-name">
<a href="../Structs.html">Structures</a>
<ul class="nav-group-tasks">
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Structs/IndeterminateRing.html">IndeterminateRing</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Structs/PercentFormattedText.html">PercentFormattedText</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Structs/ProgressRing.html">ProgressRing</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Structs/Ring.html">Ring</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Structs/RingStyle.html">RingStyle</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-group-task">
<a href="../Structs/TimerRing.html">TimerRing</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<article class="main-content">
<section>
<section class="section">
<h1>Ring</h1>
<div class="declaration">
<div class="language">
<pre class="highlight swift"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="kt">Ring</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Content</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">where</span> <span class="kt">Content</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">View</span></code></pre>
<pre class="highlight swift"><code><span class="kd">extension</span> <span class="kt">Ring</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">View</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id='ring' class='heading'>Ring</h1>
<p>A view which represents a ring (a circle with a stroke).
The <code>percent</code> determines how much of the ring is drawn starting from the <code>axis</code>.</p>
<p>Example: A ring with an axis of <code><a href="../Enums/RingAxis.html#/s:22UICircularProgressRing0C4AxisO3topyA2CmF">RingAxis.top</a></code>, a percent of <code>0.5</code>, and <code>clockwise == true</code> will draw
a stroked circle from <code>90</code> degrees (on a unit circle) to <code>270</code> degrees.</p>
</section>
<section class="section task-group-section">
<div class="task-group">
<ul>
<li class="item">
<div>
<code>
<a name="/s:your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashc"></a>
<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Method/init(percent:axis:clockwise:color:strokeStyle:_:)" class="dashAnchor"></a>
<a class="token" href="#/s:your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashc">init(percent:<wbr>axis:<wbr>clockwise:<wbr>color:<wbr>strokeStyle:<wbr>_:<wbr>)</a>
</code>
</div>
<div class="height-container">
<div class="pointer-container"></div>
<section class="section">
<div class="pointer"></div>
<div class="abstract">
<p>Creates a <code>Ring</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="declaration">
<h4>Declaration</h4>
<div class="language">
<p class="aside-title">Swift</p>
<pre class="highlight swift"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nf">init</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nv">percent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">Double</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">axis</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt"><a href="../Enums/RingAxis.html">RingAxis</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">clockwise</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">Bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt"><a href="../Enums/RingColor.html">RingColor</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">strokeStyle</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">StrokeStyle</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="kd">@ViewBuilder</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="nv">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kd">@escaping</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">Double</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="kt">Content</span>
<span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4>Parameters</h4>
<table class="graybox">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<code>
<em>percent</em>
</code>
</td>
<td>
<div>
<p>The starting completion percent of the ring.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>
<em>axis</em>
</code>
</td>
<td>
<div>
<p>The axis to begin drawing the ring.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>
<em>clockwise</em>
</code>
</td>
<td>
<div>
<p>Whether the ring is drawn in a clockwise manner.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>
<em>color</em>
</code>
</td>
<td>
<div>
<p>The stroke color for the ring.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>
<em>strokeStyle</em>
</code>
</td>
<td>
<div>
<p>The <code>StrokeStyle</code> for the ring.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>
<em>content</em>
</code>
</td>
<td>
<div>
<p>An optional content view placed within the center of the ring.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</li>
<li class="item">
<div>
<code>
<a name="/s:7SwiftUI4ViewP4body4BodyQzvp"></a>
<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Property/body" class="dashAnchor"></a>
<a class="token" href="#/s:7SwiftUI4ViewP4body4BodyQzvp">body</a>
</code>
</div>
<div class="height-container">
<div class="pointer-container"></div>
<section class="section">
<div class="pointer"></div>
<div class="abstract">
</div>
<div class="declaration">
<h4>Declaration</h4>
<div class="language">
<p class="aside-title">Swift</p>
<pre class="highlight swift"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="k">var</span> <span class="nv">body</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">some</span> <span class="kt">View</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">get</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="task-group">
<div class="task-name-container">
<a name="/Available%20where%20%60Content%60%20%3D%3D%20%60EmptyView%60"></a>
<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Section/Available where `Content` == `EmptyView`" class="dashAnchor"></a>
<div class="section-name-container">
<a class="section-name-link" href="#/Available%20where%20%60Content%60%20%3D%3D%20%60EmptyView%60"></a>
<h3 class="section-name"><p>Available where <code>Content</code> == <code>EmptyView</code></p>
</h3>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="item">
<div>
<code>
<a name="/s:your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashOAD06StrokeM0Vtcfc"></a>
<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Method/init(percent:axis:clockwise:color:strokeStyle:)" class="dashAnchor"></a>
<a class="token" href="#/s:your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashOAD06StrokeM0Vtcfc">init(percent:<wbr>axis:<wbr>clockwise:<wbr>color:<wbr>strokeStyle:<wbr>)</a>
</code>
</div>
<div class="height-container">
<div class="pointer-container"></div>
<section class="section">
<div class="pointer"></div>
<div class="abstract">
<p>Default init which returns a ring with no label.</p>
</div>
<div class="declaration">
<h4>Declaration</h4>
<div class="language">
<p class="aside-title">Swift</p>
<pre class="highlight swift"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nf">init</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nv">percent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">Double</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">axis</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt"><a href="../Enums/RingAxis.html">RingAxis</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">clockwise</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">Bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt"><a href="../Enums/RingColor.html">RingColor</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nv">strokeStyle</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">StrokeStyle</span>
<span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="footer">
<p>© 2020 <a class="link" href="path_to_url" target="_blank" rel="external">Luis Padron</a>. All rights reserved. (Last updated: 2020-07-12)</p>
<p>Generated by <a class="link" href="path_to_url" target="_blank" rel="external">jazzy v0.13.4</a>, a <a class="link" href="path_to_url" target="_blank" rel="external">Realm</a> project.</p>
</section>
</article>
</div>
</body>
</div>
</html>
``` |
In a plasma, the Boltzmann relation describes the number density of an isothermal charged particle fluid when the thermal and the electrostatic forces acting on the fluid have reached equilibrium.
In many situations, the electron density of a plasma is assumed to behave according to the Boltzmann relation, due to their small mass and high mobility.
Equation
If the local electrostatic potentials at two nearby locations are φ1 and φ2, the Boltzmann relation for the electrons takes the form:
where ne is the electron number density, Te is the temperature of the plasma, and kB is the Boltzmann constant.
Derivation
A simple derivation of the Boltzmann relation for the electrons can be obtained using the momentum fluid equation of the two-fluid model of plasma physics in absence of a magnetic field. When the electrons reach dynamic equilibrium, the inertial and the collisional terms of the momentum equations are zero, and the only terms left in the equation are the pressure and electric terms. For an isothermal fluid, the pressure force takes the form
while the electric term is
.
Integration leads to the expression given above.
In many problems of plasma physics, it is not useful to calculate the electric potential on the basis of the Poisson equation because the electron and ion densities are not known a priori, and if they were, because of quasineutrality the net charge density is the small difference of two large quantities, the electron and ion charge densities. If the electron density is known and the assumptions hold sufficiently well, the electric potential can be calculated simply from the Boltzmann relation.
Inaccurate situations
Discrepancies with the Boltzmann relation can occur, for example, when oscillations occur so fast that the electrons cannot find a new equilibrium (see e.g. plasma oscillations) or when the electrons are prevented from moving by a magnetic field (see e.g. lower hybrid oscillations).
See also
List of plasma (physics) articles
References
Plasma physics |
Odell Down Under is a 1994 game for Microsoft Windows and Classic Mac OS that takes place in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Released by MECC, it is the sequel to Odell Lake.
History
Odell Down Under was released alongside a re-release of its companion game, Odell Lake. The game was recommended for ages 9 to adult.
The game was generally praised; School Library Journal cited the "realistic and beautiful" graphics and detailed field guide as strengths, while Booklist called it a "marvelous introduction to life in a thriving underwater community." The game was a finalist for MacUser's 1994 Editor's Choice Award for Children's Software.
Gameplay
The player takes on the role of a fish who in turn must eat, stay clean and avoid being eaten by predators to survive. There are several modes of gameplay. In Tournament mode, the player plays every fish in the game, starting as the tiny silver sprat and eventually reaching the great white shark. A shorter Challenge mode picks four random fish (from smallest to largest) instead. The player can choose to play any fish in Practice Mode.
Finally, in Create-A-Fish the player creates their own species based on various parameters such as size and agility, which also affect the appearance of the fish. The color, special ability, and nocturnal or diurnal habits are also selected. Special moves, also present for some 'real' fish, include the stingray's sting and the cuttlefish's ink squirt.
Each fish has different preferences for food, as described in the educational summary before the game starts. The game consists of nine screens, arranged in three levels from the sandy bottom to the reef's top, that various fish, including the player, move through looking for food. To survive, or to gain enough points to reach the next fish, the player's fish has to find enough food (which can include plants, crustaceans or coral as well as fish) to prevent its constantly decreasing energy bar from reaching 0 and death. The other main concern, besides avoiding predators, is health, which can only be repaired by finding a bluestreak cleaner wrasse while playing as a diurnal fish, or a banded coral shrimp while playing as a nocturnal fish, and moving next to it. Health takes a serious drop if the fish eats something poisonous to it, often a sea slug or sponge.
The game also includes a field guide with information about the tropical fish featured in the game. Some versions included a teacher management system, allowing teachers to track students' scores and change preferences such as sound and music.
References
External links
1994 video games
Classic Mac OS games
Windows games
Science educational video games
Life simulation games
Biological simulation video games
Video games set in Australia
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games
Video game sequels
Video games set underwater |
Glenelly Valley or simply Glenelly (from the ) is the longest valley in the Sperrin Mountains in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies within the Sperrin Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and is also in an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA).
In the year 858AD, Aed Finnliath mac Néill, king of Ailech, heavily defeated a large Viking army inland at Glenn Foichle (Glenelly, in the barony of Upper Strabane). They may have come from Lough Neagh and the Bann.
Irish Language
Glenelly was home to some of the last native Irish speakers in County Tyrone. The dialect was studied by Gearóid Stockman and Heinrich Wagner who noted that "Glenelly Irish is closer to Donegal Irish than the other Tyrone dialects". Their findings were published in Lochlann, volume 3, in 1965.
References
Landforms of County Tyrone
Valleys of Northern Ireland |
Ildar Garifullin (; 27 May 1963 – 22 May 2023) was a Russian nordic combined skier who competed for the Soviet Union in the early 1980s. He won a bronze medal in the 3 × 10 km team event at the 1984 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Rovaniemi. Garifullin's best individual finish was 5th in West Germany in 1984.
Garifullin also competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
Garifullin died on 22 May 2023, at the age of 59.
References
External links
1963 births
2023 deaths
Soviet male Nordic combined skiers
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined
Russian male Nordic combined skiers
Olympic Nordic combined skiers for the Soviet Union
Nordic combined skiers at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Ufa |
"Ain't Got No Home" may refer to:
"Ain't Got No Home" (Clarence "Frogman" Henry song)
"Ain't Got No Home" (Woody Guthrie song) |
```php
<?php
# Load captcha
if(isset($use_captcha) && $use_captcha == true)
{
if(file_exists(__DIR__ . "/../lib/captcha/" . $captcha_class . ".php"))
{
$captcha_fullclass = "captcha\\$captcha_class";
require_once(__DIR__ . "/../lib/captcha/" . $captcha_class . ".php");
error_log("Captcha module $captcha_class successfully loaded");
# Inspect parameters of constructor
$reflection = new ReflectionClass($captcha_fullclass);
$constructorParams = $reflection->getConstructor()->getParameters();
# Gather parameters to pass to the class: all config params to pass
$definedVariables = get_defined_vars(); # get all variables, including configuration
$params = [];
foreach ($constructorParams AS $param) {
if(!isset($definedVariables[$param->name]))
{
error_log("Error: Missing param $param->name for $captcha_class");
exit(1);
}
array_push($params, $definedVariables[$param->name]);
}
$captchaInstance = new $captcha_fullclass(...$params);
}
else
{
error_log("Error: unable to load captcha class $captcha_class in " .
__DIR__ . "/../lib/captcha/" . $captcha_class . ".php");
exit(1);
}
}
?>
``` |
Park County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,390. The county seat is Fairplay. The county was named after the large geographic region known as South Park, which was named by early fur traders and trappers in the area.
Park County is included in the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. A majority of the county lies within the boundaries of the South Park National Heritage Area.
The geographic center of the State of Colorado is located in Park County.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.8%) is water.
The headwaters of the South Platte River are in Park County.
Adjacent counties
Clear Creek County - north
Jefferson County - northeast
Teller County - east
Fremont County - southeast
Chaffee County - southwest
Lake County - west
Summit County - northwest
Major highways
U.S. Highway 24
U.S. Highway 285
State Highway 9
National protected areas
Buffalo Peaks Wilderness
Lost Creek Wilderness
Pike National Forest
San Isabel National Forest
State protected areas
Eleven Mile State Park
Spinney Mountain State Park
Staunton State Park
Trails and byways
American Discovery Trail
Colorado Trail
Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
Great Parks Bicycle Route
Guanella Pass Scenic Byway
TransAmerica Trail Bicycle Route
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,523 people, 5,894 households, and 4,220 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 10,697 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 95.07% White, 0.50% Black or African American, 0.92% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.23% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. 4.32% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 5,894 households, out of which 30.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.10% were married couples living together, 4.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.40% were non-families. 21.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.50% under the age of 18, 5.10% from 18 to 24, 33.40% from 25 to 44, 30.60% from 45 to 64, and 7.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 107.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.60 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $51,899, and the median income for a family was $57,025. Males had a median income of $41,480 versus $27,807 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,019. About 3.40% of families and 5.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.60% of those under age 18 and 5.70% of those age 65 or over.
Politics
Park County is consistently Republican. It has not voted for the Democratic nominee for president since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.
Communities
Towns
Alma
Fairplay
Census-designated place
Guffey
Hartsel
Other unincorporated communities
Bailey
Como
Grant
Jefferson
Lake George
Shawnee
Tarryall
Ghost towns
Antero Junction
Buckskin Joe (Also known as Laurette or Lauret)
Garo
Tarryall
Trump
In popular culture
In the long-running animated television series South Park, the eponymous fictional town is situated in an unspecified part of the county.
Notable people
Gottlieb Fluhmann (Gottlieb Fluhmann disappeared in 1892 and his remains were found in a secluded cave in Park County in 1944. The cause of his death remains unknown).
Samuel Hartsel
John J. Hoover
Sheldon Jackson
Trey Parker
See also
Bibliography of Colorado
Geography of Colorado
History of Colorado
Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory
Park County, Jefferson Territory
National Register of Historic Places listings in Park County, Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
List of Colorado-related lists
List of counties in Colorado
List of statistical areas in Colorado
Outline of Colorado
Front Range Urban Corridor
References
External links
Park County Government website
South Park National Heritage Area
Colorado County Evolution by Don Stanwyck
Colorado Historical Society
Geologic Map of the Harvard Lakes 7.5ʹ Quadrangle, Park and Chaffee Counties, Colorado United States Geological Survey
Gerald Fogarty Galloway Collection of Records Concerning Mines and Real Property in Park County, Colorado. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
Colorado Election Results 2020
1861 establishments in Colorado Territory
Colorado counties
Populated places established in 1861 |
Gabriel Lake is a forest freshwater body in the southeastern part of the Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality), in Jamésie, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This body of water extends in the townships of Rohault, Robert and Crisafy. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.
The watershed of Lake Gabriel is accessible via the R1032 forest road (North-South direction) which passes on the west side of the lake. The surface of Lake Gabriel is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.
Geography
Toponymy
The term "Gabriel" is a name of French origin.
The toponym "lac Gabriel" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec, when it was created.
Notes and references
See also
Eeyou Istchee James Bay
Lakes of Nord-du-Québec
Nottaway River drainage basin |
```yaml
name: angel_validate
version: 3.0.0-alpha.1
description: Strongly-typed form handlers and validators for the Angel framework.
author: Tobe O <thosakwe@gmail.com>
homepage: path_to_url
environment:
sdk: ">=2.0.0 <3.0.0"
dependencies:
angel_framework: ^2.0.0
duration: ^2.0.0
html_builder: ^1.0.0
http_parser: ^3.0.0
image: ^2.0.0
matcher: ^0.12.5
dev_dependencies:
angel_orm: ^2.1.0-beta
angel_orm_generator: ^2.1.0-beta
angel_serialize: ^2.0.0
angel_serialize_generator: ^2.0.0
build_runner: ^1.0.0
pedantic: ^1.0.0
pretty_logging: ^1.0.0
test: ^1.0.0
``` |
Suicidal Tendencies is the debut studio album by American hardcore punk band Suicidal Tendencies, released on July 5, 1983 through Frontier Records. Regarded as one of the best-selling and most successful punk rock albums, Suicidal Tendencies was well-received by fans and critics alike, and the airplay of its only single "Institutionalized" (for which its music video was one of the first hardcore punk videos to get airplay on MTV) brought the band considerable popularity. The album was a major influence on the then-emerging genre of thrash metal and its subgenre crossover.
Album information
The cover of Suicidal Tendencies features an image of the band members hanging upside down, taken by Glen E. Friedman, who produced the album. The background on both the front and back cover depict various homemade Suicidal Tendencies T-shirts.
"I Shot the Devil" was originally entitled "I Shot Reagan". The band is rumored to have been approached by the FBI to change the name of the song. The group eventually used the original title of the song on the lyrics sheet.
Guitarist Jon Nelson was credited on early pressings of the album, but this was corrected to list Grant Estes. Nelson had already left the band before the album project began. In 1989, due to various royalty and publishing issues with Frontier Records, Muir and the later incarnation of the band re-recorded the entire album and released it in 1993 as Still Cyco After All These Years, with (mostly) faithful recreations of the originals, plus two songs from Join the Army and one previously-unreleased song "Don't Give Me Your Nothin'".
Reception
Suicidal Tendencies has received mostly positive reviews and ratings. Steve Huey of AllMusic gave the album 9/10 and called the album "fast, furious, and funny" and claimed that it "owed much more to hardcore punk than to the later hardcore/heavy metal hybrid they would become known for, but it's still quite possibly their best album." Huey added that "Mike Muir proves himself articulate lyricist and commentator, delving into subjects like alienation, depression, and nonconformist politics with intelligence and humor." Pushead of Maximumrocknroll described Suicidal Tendencies as "blistering rough-arsed metal thrash" and called the band "a screaming cyclone of sheer power and determination". Pushead also claimed that "this LP shows why they have such a strong following."
Critic Ira Robbins writes that "Half-sung, half-recited and built on repeated sudden tempo changes, 'Institutionalized' is a unique, devastating centerpiece. One of the era's quintessential expressions of teen dislocation, it converts generation gap misunderstandings into a complete communications breakdown, encapsulating all the punk sociology of such films as Repo Man and Suburbia in four minutes."
Influence and legacy
Suicidal Tendencies has been regarded by critics as one of the most influential rock albums of all time, and has inspired a number of musicians. Anthrax guitarist Scott Ian listed it in his "Top 10 Thrash Albums" list, stating "I just think it's a perfect album. Every song on it is great. It's a perfect crossover between hardcore punk and metal, and I guess that's what makes thrash metal -- all those genre combined, and Suicidal were the first ones to do it because that record came out in '83." Suicidal Tendencies has also been cited as an influence or favorite album by each of the "big four" of thrash metal (Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax) as well as California punk bands such as The Offspring and NOFX.
"Institutionalized" has been referenced in many songs, mostly its quote "all I wanted was a Pepsi". It is referenced in the Sage Francis song "Slow Down Gandhi" in the line "It's death penalty vs. suicidal tendencies / All I wanted was a fucking Pepsi / Institution / Making you think you're crazy is a billion dollar industry." Limp Bizkit also referenced it in the song "Stuck" with the lines "All I wanted was a Pepsi, just one Pepsi. So far from suicidal but still I get them tendencies bringing back the memories that I really miss." "All I wanted was a Pepsi" is also quoted near the ending of the Cypress Hill song "How I Could Just Kill a Man". American heavy metal band Body Count recorded a cover version of "Institutionalized", with new lyrics written by singer Ice-T, called "Institutionalized 2014", for their album Manslaughter.
"Memories of Tomorrow" was covered by Slayer for its album Undisputed Attitude and was featured on the Japanese edition of the record. "Institutionalized" was also covered by Senses Fail for the soundtrack to the video game Tony Hawk's American Wasteland. "Two Sided Politics" was covered by Bones Brigade on its album Older Than Shit, Heavier Than Time. "I Shot the Devil" was also covered by the California hardcore punk band Chotto Ghetto on its extended play Shootin' Devils. "I Saw Your Mommy" is featured on the soundtrack to the game Scarface: The World Is Yours for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and PC. "Institutionalized" is featured in the game Guitar Hero II for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360 as a playable song; a member of the most difficult tier, "Face Melters". It was also featured in the film Iron Man (2008) and "Subliminal" was part of the Channel X playlist on Grand Theft Auto V (2013).
Track listing
Personnel
Mike Muir – lead vocals
Grant Estes – guitars[A]
Louiche Mayorga – bass, backing vocals
Amery Smith – drums
Production
Glen E. Friedman – producer, photography
Randy Burns – engineer
Dee Zee – artwork
Mark Stern – lyric sheet typesetting
Reissues
Suicidal Tendencies has been reissued a number of times, with formats in different countries (see the table below).
Notes
<li id="notea">^* Guitarist Jon Nelson, who joined the band shortly after the album was completed, is credited in place of Grant Estes on pressings of the album circa 1987, when the album was first released in compact disc-format. Though he does not perform on the album.
References
1983 debut albums
Suicidal Tendencies albums
Frontier Records albums |
Pataura is a village in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. According to a 2011 census, the total population is 2513.
PATAURA village introduction.
Village -Pataura
Post-Belahari
Block-Muftiganj
Tahasil-Kerakat
District-Jaunpur
State-Uttar Pradesh
Country-India
Pin code-222142
People of Pataura are well educated. Jaunpur district are known as "shiraj- e -hind".
References
Villages in Jaunpur district
Villages in Kerakat |
```java
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
package org.apache.kudu.client;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
import static org.apache.kudu.test.ClientTestUtil.createDefaultTable;
import static org.apache.kudu.test.ClientTestUtil.loadDefaultTable;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.io.CharStreams;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.kudu.test.KuduTestHarness;
import org.apache.kudu.test.KuduTestHarness.MasterServerConfig;
import org.apache.kudu.test.KuduTestHarness.TabletServerConfig;
import org.apache.kudu.test.TempDirUtils;
import org.apache.kudu.test.cluster.KuduBinaryLocator;
import org.apache.kudu.test.cluster.MiniKuduCluster;
import org.apache.kudu.test.cluster.MiniKuduCluster.MiniKuduClusterBuilder;
// This is a class for Kudu RPC connection negotiation test scenarios targeting
// TLSv1.3. See TestNegotiator for pre-TLSv1.3 test scenarios.
public class TestNegotiationTLSv13 {
static final String[] TLS13_CIPHERS = new String[]{
"TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
"TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
"TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256",
};
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestNegotiation.class);
private static final String TABLE_NAME = "tls_v_1_3_test_table";
private static final int NUM_ROWS = 10;
private final MiniKuduClusterBuilder clusterBuilder;
@Rule
public KuduTestHarness harness;
// Whether TLSv1.3 supported by both server and client side.
private boolean isTLSv13Supported = false;
// Check if TLSv1.3 is supported by the JVM.
private static boolean isTLSv13SupportedByJVM() {
// It seems some policy-related globals are initialized due to the
// SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.3") call below, so server certificates
// signed by 768-bit RSA keys aren't accepted later on when running test
// scenarios due to default security policies. To work around that, override
// the default security constraints the same way it's done
// in the MiniKuduCluster's constructor.
Security.setProperty("jdk.certpath.disabledAlgorithms", "MD2, RC4, MD5");
Security.setProperty("jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms", "SSLv3, RC4, MD5");
try {
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
ctx.init(null, null, null);
SSLEngine engine = ctx.createSSLEngine();
engine.setUseClientMode(true);
{
Set<String> supported = Sets.newHashSet(engine.getSupportedCipherSuites());
List<String> common = Lists.newArrayList();
for (String c : TLS13_CIPHERS) {
if (supported.contains(c)) {
common.add(c);
}
}
if (common.isEmpty()) {
LOG.info("client side doesn't support TLSv1.3: no common ciphers");
return false;
}
}
{
String[] enabled = engine.getEnabledProtocols();
LOG.debug("enabled TLS protocols: {}", Joiner.on(' ').join(enabled));
Set<String> supported = Sets.newHashSet(engine.getSupportedProtocols());
LOG.debug("supported TLS protocols: {}", Joiner.on(' ').join(supported));
if (!supported.contains("TLSv1.3")) {
LOG.info("client side doesn't support TLSv1.3: unsupported protocol");
return false;
}
}
} catch (KeyManagementException | NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
LOG.info("client side doesn't support TLSv1.3", e);
return false;
}
return true;
}
// Check if TLSv1.3 is supported by the Kudu server side.
private static boolean isTLSv13SupportedByServerSide() {
// Try to start kudu-master requiring TLSv1.3. It will fail to start if
// TLSv1.3 isn't supported either by the node's OpenSSL library or
// by the build environment where the kudu-master binary was built.
MiniKuduClusterBuilder b = new MiniKuduClusterBuilder()
.numMasterServers(1)
.numTabletServers(0)
.addMasterServerFlag("--time_source=system_unsync")
.addMasterServerFlag("--rpc_tls_min_protocol=TLSv1.3");
try (MiniKuduCluster c = b.build()) {
try {
// A sanity check: make sure the started processes haven't crashed.
// MiniKuduCluster does neither detect nor report properly on such
// events otherwise.
c.killAllMasterServers();
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.error("unexpected exception:", e);
fail("kudu-master didn't actually start");
return false; // unreachable
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.info("server side doesn't support TLSv1.3", e);
return false;
}
return true;
}
public TestNegotiationTLSv13() {
clusterBuilder = new MiniKuduClusterBuilder()
.numMasterServers(1)
.numTabletServers(3)
.enableKerberos();
isTLSv13Supported = isTLSv13SupportedByJVM() && isTLSv13SupportedByServerSide();
if (isTLSv13Supported) {
// By the virtue of excluding all other protocols but TLSv1.3
// from the list of available TLS protocols at the server side,
// client and server will use TLSv1.3 to negotiate a connection.
clusterBuilder.addMasterServerFlag("--rpc_tls_min_protocol=TLSv1.3");
clusterBuilder.addTabletServerFlag("--rpc_tls_min_protocol=TLSv1.3");
}
harness = new KuduTestHarness(clusterBuilder);
}
/**
* Make sure that Kudu Java client is able to negotiate RPC connections
* protected by TLSv1.3 with Kudu servers. By the virtue of excluding all
* other protocols but TLSv1.3 from the list of available TLS protocols
* at the server side, this scenario verifies that Kudu Java client is able to
* work with a secure Kudu cluster using TLSv1.3.
*
* Using the JUnit's terminology, this test scenario is conditionally run only
* if both the client and the server sides support TLSv1.3.
*/
@Test
@MasterServerConfig(flags = {
"--rpc-encryption=required",
"--rpc_encrypt_loopback_connections",
"--rpc-trace-negotiation",
})
@TabletServerConfig(flags = {
"--rpc-encryption=required",
"--rpc_encrypt_loopback_connections",
"--rpc-trace-negotiation",
})
public void connectionNegotiation() throws Exception {
assumeTrue("TLSv1.3 isn't supported by both sides", isTLSv13Supported);
// Make sure Java client is able to communicate with Kudu masters and tablet
// servers: create a table and write several rows into the table.
{
KuduClient c = harness.getClient();
createDefaultTable(c, TABLE_NAME);
loadDefaultTable(c, TABLE_NAME, NUM_ROWS);
}
// An extra sanity check: on successful negotiation the connection should be
// considered 'private' once it's protected by TLS, so Kudu master must send
// the client an authn token.
{
AsyncKuduClient c = harness.getAsyncClient();
SecurityContext ctx = c.securityContext;
assertNotNull(ctx.getAuthenticationToken());
}
}
}
``` |
The men's 20 km individual biathlon competition of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympics was held on 15 February 2018 at the Alpensia Biathlon Centre in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Qualification
Schedule
All times are (UTC+9).
Results
The race was started at 20:20.
References
Individual |
Teremok () is a Russian fast food chain that primarily specialises in traditional Russian dishes such as blini, pelmeni, kvass and borscht. Founded in 1998 by Mikhail Goncharov, their menu was adapted from the recipes of Goncharov's mother.
Their restaurants operate in Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Ural, Southern Russia and Siberia. As of 2017 it has grown to 300 restaurants, which formerly included two in New York City that closed in 2018.
History
The first Teremok opened in 1998 in a street kiosk in Moscow. It offered a limited set of blinis, and it was one of the first fast food chains in Russia that were offering Russian food, trying to compete with McDonald's. There are currently three types of Teremok outlets: restaurants, street kiosks, and food court outlets in shopping malls, metro stations or airports.
The chain opened two branches in Union Square and Chelsea in New York City in 2017, their first ventures outside of Russia. In an interview with a Russian magazine, Goncharov said his reason for expanding to America was because "it’s the motherland of fast food." In June 2018, Goncharov announced it was closing its two restaurants in the States, accusing New York City inspectors of "open hostility" towards his restaurants and staff.
Concept
The official concept of Teremok is to offer traditional cuisine as fast food but to be at the same time more natural and healthy. Teremok specializes in Russian-style home cooking with recipes developed by the mother of Goncharov. Menu items include blini (thin crepe-like pancakes), borscht (beet soup with cabbage), and kasha (a buckwheat dish served with meat, fish or mushrooms). They also experiment with unusual and outlandish dishes.
References
External links
Teremok goes west. Russia Beyond The Headlines.
Fast-food chains of Russia
Restaurants established in 1998
1998 establishments in Russia
Fast-food franchises |
George J. Siedel is an American author and professor on the faculty at the Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, where he is the Williamson Family Professor of Business Administration and the Thurnau Professor of Business Law. He is known for his research on proactive law, negotiation, and alternative dispute resolution, and for his work in the development of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses).
Career
In 1974 Siedel joined the faculty of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, where he has served as Associate Dean. He was a visiting professor at Stanford University and Harvard University, a visiting scholar at Berkeley, a Parsons Fellow at the University of Sydney, and a visiting fellow at Cambridge University's Wolfson College. He is a Life Fellow of the Michigan State Bar Foundation. In addition to his courses at the University of Michigan, he has taught negotiation worldwide, including in Hong Kong, Thailand, South Korea, India, Bulgaria, Slovenia, and Brazil, and he currently teaches annually in Croatia and Italy.
In 2014, he developed a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) on "Successful Negotiation: Essential Strategies and Skills". This course was followed in 2016 with a MOOC on "The Three Pillar Model for Business Decisions: Strategy, Law & Ethics".
Siedel's approach to negotiation strategy combines theory with practical advice. This approach is summarized in his book on Negotiating for Success: Essential Strategies and Skills and in media interviews. He has coauthored two books and other publications on proactive law with Helena Haapio, the founder and leader of the Proactive Law Movement in Europe. He also created the three pillar model for business decisions, which enables business to create value through a framework that combines strategy, law and ethics.
Awards and honors
Honorary Fellow, Center for International Legal Studies, Salzburg, Austria, 2006
References
University of Michigan faculty
University of Michigan alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Michaela Evelyn Ann Strachan (, born 7 April 1966) is an English television presenter and singer.
Early life
Born in Ewell, Surrey, Strachan grew up in Hinchley Wood and attended Chadsworth Stage School, then Claremont Fan Court School, both in Esher. In her teens, she suffered from anorexia. Later, while at ArtsEd, London, she briefly held jobs as an Avon lady and as a kissogram. After her years at ArtsEd, Strachan performed in theatre, before moving on to children's television.
In 1984, she appeared in the musical Seven Brides for Seven Brothers at the Grand Theatre, Blackpool.
Career
Television
Strachan was a presenter on Saturday-morning television in the 1980s, involved in such programmes as Good Morning Britain and Wide Awake Club with Timmy Mallett. In 1988, she hosted Boogie Box on music channel Music Box. From 1988 to 1992, Strachan starred as "Her" in the nightclub-set music show The Hitman and Her alongside Pete Waterman. In 1993, Strachan joined The Really Wild Show, a wildlife programme for children on BBC1.
She was a regular reporter for BBC One's Countryfile for many years until the programme underwent a primetime Sunday evening revamp in April 2009. Her move to South Africa prevented her from committing fully to the new show. While filming an item for Countryfile in 2002, Strachan entered the World Gurning competition at Egremont Crab Fair. To her surprise she won the Ladies' World Gurning Crown.
Strachan co-presented two series of Orangutan Diary with Steve Leonard for BBC One. These series followed the daily routines at a reserve for orphaned orangutans in Borneo and the work of Lone Drøscher Nielsen and her team in rescuing and rehabilitating the orangutans. They were broadcast in 2006 and 2008. She told The Independent that her greatest inspiration is Nielsen who "works under very difficult conditions and shows an all-consuming dedication to these animals".
In November 2013, she presented the six-part series The Great Penguin Rescue on the Eden channel.
In January 2014, she was a contestant in series 2 of celebrity diving TV Show Splash!.
In August 2022, Digging For Treasure: Tonight premiered on Channel 5; Strachan co-presented the archaeology series with Dan Walker and archaeologist Raksha Dave.
In 2022, Strachan presented Extreme Conservation on BBC World News and BBC Reel.
Springwatch and Autumnwatch
Strachan, with Chris Packham and Martin Hughes-Games, presented BBC Two's Autumnwatch in late 2011. For the first four weeks it was presented from the National Arboretum at Westonbirt. For the final four weeks, it was presented from the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust's Slimbridge reserve. Strachan replaced Kate Humble for that series. She has also replaced Humble on Springwatch since 2012 after Humble decided to pursue other projects.
Music
Strachan had a brief music career as "Michaela" with two UK hit singles; a cover of Edwin Starr's "H.A.P.P.Y. Radio" (UK No. 62, 1989) and "Take Good Care of My Heart" (UK No. 66, 1990).
She is mentioned in the song "Michaela Strachan You Broke My Heart (When I Was 12)" by Scouting for Girls.
Personal life
Strachan married filmmaker Duncan Chard in 1996, but they divorced five years later. On 8 June 2005, she gave birth to her son Oliver by partner Nick Chevallier. The couple live in Hout Bay, Cape Town with Chevallier's children.
She is a celebrity supporter of the charity World Vision as a child sponsor. She also supports its Alternative Gifts charity; life-changing gifts for communities in the developing world.
She is allergic to elephants.
In October 2014, she revealed that she had had a double mastectomy and reconstructive surgery following a diagnosis of breast cancer. She later said, "Going through breast cancer also strengthened me. It has given me more resilience and made me appreciate my life more because I realise that something could have ended it early and that's a shock."
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
People from Ewell
People educated at the Arts Educational Schools
English children's television presenters
English women television presenters
People educated at Claremont Fan Court School
English television actresses
BAFTA winners (people)
English women singers
English women writers
People from Cape Town
British expatriates in South Africa |
Adam Hamilton (20 August 1880 – 29 April 1952) was a New Zealand politician. He was the first non-interim Leader of the National Party during its early years in Opposition.
Early life
Hamilton was born in Forest Hill, near Winton, Southland. He originally trained to become a Presbyterian minister, but later decided not to pursue this course. He married Mary Ann McDonald in 1913, and in 1914, he and his brother John Ronald Hamilton started a grain business in Winton. In World War I, he was rejected for service on medical grounds.
Member of Parliament
In the 1919 election, Hamilton was elected to Parliament in the Southland seat of Wallace, standing as a Reform Party candidate. His brother John Ronald Hamilton was also elected, winning the neighbouring seat of Awarua from Joseph Ward. The brothers then sold their business, although Adam Hamilton remained active in the Southland agricultural sector. In the 1922 election, the brothers were both defeated, but they regained their seats in the 1925 election. Adam Hamilton retained his seat until his retirement, although his brother was defeated again in 1928.
When the Reform Party formed a coalition with the United Party, Hamilton was made Minister of Internal Affairs. He also served, at various times, as Minister of Telegraphs, Postmaster General, Minister of Labour, and Minister of Employment. He was not popular in these roles. The Great Depression had resulted in high levels of unemployment, and Hamilton was often criticised for the government's failure to improve the situation. He was also criticised when the Post and Telegraph Department jammed a broadcast that was expected to be pro-Labour by a private radio station by Colin Scrimgeour just before the 1935 general election. Hamilton denied knowledge of the jamming, but his reputation was nevertheless damaged.
In 1935, Hamilton was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal. Having served as a member of the Executive Council for more than three years, Hamilton was granted the retention of the title of "Honourable" following the 1935 election.
Party leader
In 1936, after losing power to the Labour Party, Reform and United agreed to merge, creating the National Party. Despite his somewhat tarnished public image, Hamilton was selected to lead the new party and toomo over from interim leader George Forbes. Hamilton was essentially a compromise candidate. Forbes and his main opponent, Gordon Coates, refused to serve under each other, and the Coates faction backed Hamilton as an acceptable alternative.
George Forbes himself is believed to have preferred Charles Wilkinson, but Coates, formerly the leader of Reform, was determined to have a fellow Reformist as leader. Hamilton was duly elected although only by one vote.
Given the narrowness of his victory, many did not see Hamilton as the National Party's real leader. He was frequently accused by being a puppet of Coates, with suggestions even being made that Hamilton was merely holding the position until Coates built up the strength to take it himself. Hamilton was not particularly charismatic and did not inspire great loyalty from his colleagues. He was also closely associated in the public mind with the Depression era.
In the 1938 election, Hamilton and the National Party were harshly critical of the Labour government and accused it of promoting communism and undermining the British Empire. The campaign was seen by many as alarmist and negative, and Hamilton's own performance was widely censured. On election day, National was heavily defeated.
The National Party's defeat weakened Hamilton's grasp on the leadership somewhat, but any debate as to his future was cut short by the onset of World War II.
In 1940, Hamilton suggested that Labour and National should form a wartime coalition, but that was rejected by the Labour leader, Peter Fraser, who, however, agreed to establish a six-person "War Cabinet". This cabinet would control New Zealand's military endeavours and leave domestic concerns to the regular cabinet. The War Cabinet would consist of four Labour MPs and two National MPs. Hamilton and Coates were National's two representatives. Participation in the War Cabinet was fatally damaging to Hamilton's leadership of the National Party, however, as many National MPs argued that he could not be party leader while he served on a Labour-led council. On 25 November, a vote of 13 to 8 replaced Hamilton with Sidney Holland.
Later career
Hamilton remained a part of the War Cabinet and was eventually joined by Holland despite the original claims that a National Party leader could not be in it. In 1942, however, National withdrew from all co-operation with the Labour Party. Hamilton, along with Coates, protested that move and ceased attending National caucus meetings. Both Hamilton and Coates then rejoined the war administration despite condemnation from their party colleagues.
Eventually, Hamilton managed to bring about a rapprochement with the National Party, unlike Coates, who became an independent. Hamilton contested the 1943 election as a National candidate. He did not seek re-election in the 1946 election and chose to retire from politics.
Hamilton died in Invercargill on 29 April 1952 and is buried at Winton Cemetery.
See also
Electoral history of Adam Hamilton
References
Further reading
|-
|-
|-
1880 births
1952 deaths
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand National Party leaders
New Zealand Presbyterians
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
People from Southland, New Zealand
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1922 New Zealand general election |
The 2016–17 FC Rubin Kazan season was the 14th successive season that the club played in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia.
Season Events
Before the season kicked off, Rubin Kazan appointed Javi Gracia as their new manager, replacing Valeriy Chaly. He brought new players to the club including Rifat Zhemaletdinov, Alex Song and Sergio Sánchez. Jako replaced Puma as the club`s kit supplier.
Squad
Out on loan
Youth squad
Transfers
Summer
In:
Out:
Winter
In:
Out:
Competitions
Russian Premier League
Results by round
Matches
League table
Russian Cup
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
|-
|colspan="14"|Players away from the club on loan:
|-
|colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Rubin Kazan no longer at the club:
|}
Goal Scorers
Disciplinary Record
References
External links
Official Website
FC Rubin Kazan seasons
Rubin Kazan |
Kuczwały is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chełmża, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Chełmża and north of Toruń.
References
Villages in Toruń County |
The 2022 World Judo Juniors Championships was held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, from 10 to 14 August 2022 as part of the IJF World Tour and during the 2024 Summer Olympics qualification period. The final day of competition featured a mixed team event, won by team Japan.
Schedule & event videos
The event aired on the IJF YouTube channel. Event draw was held on 9 August at 14:00. All times are local (UTC-5).
Medal summary
Source Results
Men's events
Women's events
Mixed
Source Results
Medal table
Prize money
The sums written are per medalist, bringing the total prizes awarded to 79,800$ for the individual contests and 20,000$ for the team competition. (retrieved from: )
References
External links
World Judo Junior Championships
U21
World U21
Judo
Judo competitions in Ecuador
Judo
Judo |
```swift
//
// ViewControllerProgressProcess.swift
// RsyncOSXver30
//
// Created by Thomas Evensen on 24/08/2016.
//
import Cocoa
// Protocol for progress indicator
protocol Count: AnyObject {
func maxCount() -> Int
func inprogressCount() -> Int
}
class ViewControllerProgressProcess: NSViewController, SetConfigurations, SetDismisser, Abort {
var count: Double = 0
var maxcount: Double = 0
weak var countDelegate: Count?
@IBOutlet var abort: NSButton!
@IBOutlet var progress: NSProgressIndicator!
@IBAction func abort(_: NSButton) {
switch countDelegate {
case is ViewControllerSnapshots:
dismissview(viewcontroller: self, vcontroller: .vcsnapshot)
case is ViewControllerRestore:
dismissview(viewcontroller: self, vcontroller: .vcrestore)
default:
dismissview(viewcontroller: self, vcontroller: .vctabmain)
}
abort()
}
override func viewDidAppear() {
super.viewDidAppear()
SharedReference.shared.setvcref(viewcontroller: .vcprogressview, nsviewcontroller: self)
if (presentingViewController as? ViewControllerMain) != nil {
if let pvc = (presentingViewController as? ViewControllerMain)?.singletask {
countDelegate = pvc
}
} else if (presentingViewController as? ViewControllerRestore) != nil {
countDelegate = SharedReference.shared.getvcref(viewcontroller: .vcrestore) as? ViewControllerRestore
} else if (presentingViewController as? ViewControllerSnapshots) != nil {
countDelegate = SharedReference.shared.getvcref(viewcontroller: .vcsnapshot) as? ViewControllerSnapshots
}
initiateProgressbar()
abort.isEnabled = true
}
override func viewWillDisappear() {
super.viewWillDisappear()
stopProgressbar()
SharedReference.shared.setvcref(viewcontroller: .vcprogressview, nsviewcontroller: nil)
}
private func stopProgressbar() {
progress.stopAnimation(self)
}
// Progress bars
private func initiateProgressbar() {
if (presentingViewController as? ViewControllerSnapshots) != nil {
progress.maxValue = Double(countDelegate?.maxCount() ?? 0)
} else {
progress.maxValue = Double((countDelegate?.maxCount() ?? 0) + SharedReference.shared.extralines)
}
progress.minValue = 0
progress.doubleValue = 0
progress.startAnimation(self)
}
private func updateProgressbar(_ value: Double) {
progress.doubleValue = value
}
}
extension ViewControllerProgressProcess: UpdateProgress {
func processTermination() {
stopProgressbar()
switch countDelegate {
case is ViewControllerMain:
dismissview(viewcontroller: self, vcontroller: .vctabmain)
case is ViewControllerSnapshots:
dismissview(viewcontroller: self, vcontroller: .vcsnapshot)
case is ViewControllerRestore:
dismissview(viewcontroller: self, vcontroller: .vcrestore)
default:
dismissview(viewcontroller: self, vcontroller: .vctabmain)
}
}
func fileHandler() {
updateProgressbar(Double(countDelegate?.inprogressCount() ?? 0))
}
}
``` |
The American Institute of Applied Music was a music school based in New York City. The Institute was incorporated in 1900 as an (merger) of the following educational institutions:
The Metropolitan College of Music (founded 1891)
The Metropolitan Conservatory of Music (founded 1886)
The Synthetic Piano School (founded 1887), and
The American Institute of Normal Methods
Kate Sara Chittenden founded both the Metropolitan College of Music and the Synthetic Piano School. She served as Dean and head of the piano department at the founding Metropolitan College in 1892, and continued in both capacities at the American Institute until 1933.
The school aimed for systematic thoroughness. The average enrollment was about 350 per year. The Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians published in 1920 stated that more than 1000 teachers had received certificates. The Institute was located at 212 West 59th Street.
Accreditation
The National Association of Schools of Music, at its fifth annual meeting in 1928, accepted the Institute's application for membership.
Institutional structure
New York's thirty-eighth University Convocation assembled June 25, 1900, in Albany and, among other things, granted a provisional charter to the American Institute of Applied Music, authorizing the issued of $15,000 capital stock. The University of the State of New York represents colleges, academies and other institutions subject to the visitation of the Board of Regents.
Former faculty & administration
Governance
Edgar Oscar Silver (1860–1909), President
John B. Calvert, D.D., President
Dean
Kate Sara Chittenden (1856–1949) was the founding Dean and head of the piano department from 1892 to 1933. During her lifetime, she taught more than 3000 students.
Faculty
Modest Altschuler (1873–1963), Russian-American cellist, conductor, and composer
Paul Ambrose (1868–1941)
H. Rawlins Baker
Walter S. Bogert (1865–1959)
Dudley Buck (1839–1909), composer, author, organist
Mary Fidelia Burt ( –1928), taught voice, sight singing, and ear training
Adrienne Remenyi von Ende
Herwegh von Ende (1877– ), director violin department
Tom Karl (1846–1916), Irish-American tenor who, for a period, headed the vocal department
George Coleman Gow (1860–1938), song composer, theory professor
John Cornelius Griggs, PhD (1865–1932)
Henry G. Hanchett, professor of musical analysis and pedagogy
John Leslie Hodgson (1880– ), pianist
Harry Benjamin Jepson (1870–1952), organist
McCall L. Lanham (1877–1959), baritone voice teacher, director of the voice division
Daniel Gregory Mason (1873–1953), composer
William Mason (1829–1908), composer
E Presson Miller (1864–1950), voice teacher
Florence Viola Osborn
Albert Ross Parsons (1847–1933)
Janet Daniels Schenck (1883–1976), founder of the Manhattan School of Music
Henry Schradieck (1846–1918), violinist
Harry Rowe Shelley (1858–1947), organist and composer who taught harmony and counterpoint
William Fairchild Sherman
Raymond Huntington Woodman (1861–1943), organist, composer; 1889–1898 head of organ department Metropolitan College of Music; 1909–1941 head of theory department American Institute of Applied Music
Alumni
Harry H. Sukman (1912–1984), composer and arranger for the TV western series, The High Chaparral
George King Raudenbush (1899–1956), violinist, orchestra conductor, and composer
Ester Brooke, Eberstadt
Alfred Piccaver (1884–1958), British-American operatic tenor
Irene Stolofsky (1896-1950), violinist
Gertrude Hoag Wilson (1888-1968), composer and pianist
Mabel Madison Watson (1872-1952), composer and music educator
References
Educational institutions established in 1900
Performing arts education in the United States
Music education in the United States
Music schools in New York City
Universities and colleges in New York City
Defunct private universities and colleges in New York City
History of New York City
1900 establishments in New York City |
The David W. Smouse Opportunity School is a historical building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The building was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Rawson, Souers & Thomas in the Tudor Revival style. The school opened in 1931 and served the educational needs of 165 students with physical disabilities that were unable to attend a regular public school. It was the only school in Iowa that was built to desegregate handicapped children, who were generally institutionalized in isolation. The facility was designed for their individual needs. The blackboards were tilted to prevent glare for the visually impaired, rooms were designed to carry sound vibrations for the hearing impaired students. Large windows and three courtyards provided fresh air. One of the courtyards had a fountain. The restrooms were adapted, temperature controls in each classroom, and a rooftop playground was included in the building's design. A swimming pool was added in 1955. Financial gifts were used to purchase works of art throughout the building. Imported ceramic tiles, wrought iron signs, working fireplaces and decorative light fixtures also adorned the facility. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
References
School buildings completed in 1931
National Register of Historic Places in Des Moines, Iowa
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Schools in Des Moines, Iowa
Tudor Revival architecture in Iowa |
```haskell
-- editorconfig-checker-disable-file
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
-- | Functions for compiling PIR recursive let-bound functions into PLC.
module PlutusIR.Compiler.Recursion where
import PlutusIR
import PlutusIR.Compiler.Definitions
import PlutusIR.Compiler.Provenance
import PlutusIR.Compiler.Types
import PlutusIR.Error
import PlutusIR.MkPir qualified as PIR
import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.Error.Lens
import Control.Monad.Trans
import Data.List.NonEmpty hiding (length)
import Data.Set qualified as Set
import PlutusCore qualified as PLC
import PlutusCore.MkPlc qualified as PLC
import PlutusCore.Quote
import PlutusCore.StdLib.Data.Function qualified as Function
import PlutusCore.StdLib.Meta.Data.Tuple qualified as Tuple
{- Note [Recursive lets]
We need to define these with a fixpoint. We can derive a fixpoint operator for values
already.
However, we also need to work out how to encode recursion over multiple values simultaneously.
The answer is simple - we pass them through as a tuple.
Overall, the translation looks like this. We convert this:
let rec
f_1 : t_1 = b_1
..
f_i : t_i = b_i
in
result
into this:
(\tuple : forall r . (t_1 -> .. -> t_i -> r) -> r .
let
f_1 = _1 tuple
..
f_i = _i tuple
in
result
)
($fixN i$ (\choose f_1 ... f_i . choose b_1 ... b_i))
where _i is the accessor for the ith component of a tuple.
This scheme is a little complicated - why don't we just pass a function directly to the
fixed tuple that consumes the values? Why do the second round of let-binding?
The answer is that in order to use the tuple we have to provide a result type. If we used
it directly, we would have to provide the type of the *result* term, which we may not know.
Here we merely have to provide it with the types of the f_is, which we *do* know.
-}
-- See Note [Recursive lets]
-- | Compile a mutually recursive list of var decls bound in a body.
compileRecTerms
:: Compiling m e uni fun a
=> PIRTerm uni fun a
-> NonEmpty (TermDef TyName Name uni fun (Provenance a))
-> DefT SharedName uni fun (Provenance a) m (PIRTerm uni fun a)
compileRecTerms body bs = do
p <- lift getEnclosing
fixpoint <- mkFixpoint bs
Tuple.bindTuple p (PIR._varDeclName . PIR.defVar <$> toList bs) fixpoint body
-- | Given a list of var decls, create a tuples of values that computes their mutually recursive fixpoint.
mkFixpoint
:: forall m e uni fun a . Compiling m e uni fun a
=> NonEmpty (TermDef TyName Name uni fun (Provenance a))
-> DefT SharedName uni fun (Provenance a) m (Tuple.Tuple (Term TyName Name uni fun) uni (Provenance a))
mkFixpoint bs = do
p0 <- lift getEnclosing
funs <- forM bs $ \(PIR.Def (PIR.VarDecl p name ty) term) ->
case PIR.mkFunctionDef p name ty term of
Just fun -> pure fun
Nothing -> lift $ throwing _Error $ CompilationError (PLC.typeAnn ty) "Recursive values must be of function type"
-- See Note [Extra definitions while compiling let-bindings]
let
arity = fromIntegral $ length funs
fixByKey = FixBy
fixNKey = FixpointCombinator arity
let mkFixByDef = do
name <- liftQuote $ toProgramName fixByKey
let (fixByTerm, fixByType) = Function.fixByAndType
pure (PLC.Def (PLC.VarDecl noProvenance name (noProvenance <$ fixByType)) (noProvenance <$ fixByTerm, Strict), mempty)
let mkFixNDef = do
name <- liftQuote $ toProgramName fixNKey
((fixNTerm, fixNType), fixNDeps) <-
if arity == 1
then pure (Function.fixAndType, mempty)
-- fixN depends on fixBy
else do
fixBy <- lookupOrDefineTerm p0 fixByKey mkFixByDef
pure (Function.fixNAndType arity (void fixBy), Set.singleton fixByKey)
pure (PLC.Def (PLC.VarDecl noProvenance name (noProvenance <$ fixNType)) (noProvenance <$ fixNTerm, Strict), fixNDeps)
fixN <- lookupOrDefineTerm p0 fixNKey mkFixNDef
liftQuote $ case funs of
-- Takes a list of function defs and function bodies and turns them into a Scott-encoded tuple, which
-- happens to be exactly what we want
f :| [] -> Tuple.getSpineToTuple p0 [(PLC.functionDefToType f, Function.getSingleFixOf p0 fixN f)]
f :| fs -> Function.getMutualFixOf p0 fixN (f:fs)
``` |
Arman Darvish (; born August 20, 1987) is an Iranian actor. He is known for his acting in Wednesday (2016), Human Comedy (2017) and Queen of Beggars (2021).
Career
Arman Darvish made his cinematic debut in 2016 with the movie Wednesday and has since appeared in various cinematic projects and in 2018 he won the Best Actor award for Human Comedy in 9th Annual Norway Tamil Film Festival.
Prior to his acting career, he worked with Iranian writer and director Mohammad Hadi Karimi for many years, also he writing screenplays, making short films, and writing articles and film reviews for publications.
Filmography
Film
Web
References
بیوگرافی کامل آرمان درویش | بررسی آثار
آرمان درویش ستاره سینما خواهد شد؟
External links
Living people
1987 births
People from Hamadan
Iranian male film actors
Iranian male television actors |
Otofaciocervical syndrome, also known as Fara Chlupackova syndrome, are a small group of rare developmental disorders of genetic origin which are characterized by facial dysmorphisms, long neck, preauricular and/or branchial pits, cervical muscle hypoplasia, hearing loss, and mild intellectual disabilities. Additional findings include vertebral anomalies and short stature.
Types
There are two types of OFC:
Otofaciocervical syndrome type 1
It is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, low-set cup-shaped ears, preauricular sinus or cyst, hearing loss, branchial and skeletal anomalies, low-set clavicle bones, winged scapulae, sloping shoulders and mild intellectual disabilities. It is caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the EYA1 gene in chromosome 8. Only 11 cases have been reported in medical literature.
Otofaciocervical syndrome type 2
It is characterized by the same symptoms in type 1, this disorder is different from type 1 because of its genetic cause and because of its additional features: thymus development alterations with T-cell immunodeficiency and recurrent infections which may turn fatal. It is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the PAX1 gene in chromosome 20. Only 13 cases have been described in medical literature.
References
Autosomal dominant disorders
Autosomal recessive disorders
Genetic syndromes |
```objective-c
//your_sha256_hash------------
// Anti-Grain Geometry (AGG) - Version 2.5
// A high quality rendering engine for C++
// Contact: mcseem@antigrain.com
// mcseemagg@yahoo.com
// path_to_url
//
// AGG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
//
// AGG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
//
// along with AGG; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
// MA 02110-1301, USA.
//your_sha256_hash------------
#ifndef AGG_CLIP_LIANG_BARSKY_INCLUDED
#define AGG_CLIP_LIANG_BARSKY_INCLUDED
#include "agg_basics.h"
namespace agg
{
//your_sha256_hash--------
enum clipping_flags_e
{
clipping_flags_x1_clipped = 4,
clipping_flags_x2_clipped = 1,
clipping_flags_y1_clipped = 8,
clipping_flags_y2_clipped = 2,
clipping_flags_x_clipped = clipping_flags_x1_clipped | clipping_flags_x2_clipped,
clipping_flags_y_clipped = clipping_flags_y1_clipped | clipping_flags_y2_clipped
};
//your_sha256_hashng_flags
// Determine the clipping code of the vertex according to the
// Cyrus-Beck line clipping algorithm
//
// | |
// 0110 | 0010 | 0011
// | |
// -------+--------+-------- clip_box.y2
// | |
// 0100 | 0000 | 0001
// | |
// -------+--------+-------- clip_box.y1
// | |
// 1100 | 1000 | 1001
// | |
// clip_box.x1 clip_box.x2
//
//
template<class T>
inline unsigned clipping_flags(T x, T y, const rect_base<T>& clip_box)
{
return (x > clip_box.x2) |
((y > clip_box.y2) << 1) |
((x < clip_box.x1) << 2) |
((y < clip_box.y1) << 3);
}
//your_sha256_hash_flags_x
template<class T>
inline unsigned clipping_flags_x(T x, const rect_base<T>& clip_box)
{
return (x > clip_box.x2) | ((x < clip_box.x1) << 2);
}
//your_sha256_hash_flags_y
template<class T>
inline unsigned clipping_flags_y(T y, const rect_base<T>& clip_box)
{
return ((y > clip_box.y2) << 1) | ((y < clip_box.y1) << 3);
}
//your_sha256_hashg_barsky
template<class T>
inline unsigned clip_liang_barsky(T x1, T y1, T x2, T y2,
const rect_base<T>& clip_box,
T* x, T* y)
{
const double nearzero = 1e-30;
double deltax = x2 - x1;
double deltay = y2 - y1;
double xin;
double xout;
double yin;
double yout;
double tinx;
double tiny;
double toutx;
double touty;
double tin1;
double tin2;
double tout1;
unsigned np = 0;
if(deltax == 0.0)
{
// bump off of the vertical
deltax = (x1 > clip_box.x1) ? -nearzero : nearzero;
}
if(deltay == 0.0)
{
// bump off of the horizontal
deltay = (y1 > clip_box.y1) ? -nearzero : nearzero;
}
if(deltax > 0.0)
{
// points to right
xin = clip_box.x1;
xout = clip_box.x2;
}
else
{
xin = clip_box.x2;
xout = clip_box.x1;
}
if(deltay > 0.0)
{
// points up
yin = clip_box.y1;
yout = clip_box.y2;
}
else
{
yin = clip_box.y2;
yout = clip_box.y1;
}
tinx = (xin - x1) / deltax;
tiny = (yin - y1) / deltay;
if (tinx < tiny)
{
// hits x first
tin1 = tinx;
tin2 = tiny;
}
else
{
// hits y first
tin1 = tiny;
tin2 = tinx;
}
if(tin1 <= 1.0)
{
if(0.0 < tin1)
{
*x++ = (T)xin;
*y++ = (T)yin;
++np;
}
if(tin2 <= 1.0)
{
toutx = (xout - x1) / deltax;
touty = (yout - y1) / deltay;
tout1 = (toutx < touty) ? toutx : touty;
if(tin2 > 0.0 || tout1 > 0.0)
{
if(tin2 <= tout1)
{
if(tin2 > 0.0)
{
if(tinx > tiny)
{
*x++ = (T)xin;
*y++ = (T)(y1 + tinx * deltay);
}
else
{
*x++ = (T)(x1 + tiny * deltax);
*y++ = (T)yin;
}
++np;
}
if(tout1 < 1.0)
{
if(toutx < touty)
{
*x++ = (T)xout;
*y++ = (T)(y1 + toutx * deltay);
}
else
{
*x++ = (T)(x1 + touty * deltax);
*y++ = (T)yout;
}
}
else
{
*x++ = x2;
*y++ = y2;
}
++np;
}
else
{
if(tinx > tiny)
{
*x++ = (T)xin;
*y++ = (T)yout;
}
else
{
*x++ = (T)xout;
*y++ = (T)yin;
}
++np;
}
}
}
}
return np;
}
//your_sha256_hash------------
template<class T>
bool clip_move_point(T x1, T y1, T x2, T y2,
const rect_base<T>& clip_box,
T* x, T* y, unsigned flags)
{
T bound;
if(flags & clipping_flags_x_clipped)
{
if(x1 == x2)
{
return false;
}
bound = (flags & clipping_flags_x1_clipped) ? clip_box.x1 : clip_box.x2;
*y = (T)(double(bound - x1) * (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) + y1);
*x = bound;
}
flags = clipping_flags_y(*y, clip_box);
if(flags & clipping_flags_y_clipped)
{
if(y1 == y2)
{
return false;
}
bound = (flags & clipping_flags_y1_clipped) ? clip_box.y1 : clip_box.y2;
*x = (T)(double(bound - y1) * (x2 - x1) / (y2 - y1) + x1);
*y = bound;
}
return true;
}
//your_sha256_hash_segment
// Returns: ret >= 4 - Fully clipped
// (ret & 1) != 0 - First point has been moved
// (ret & 2) != 0 - Second point has been moved
//
template<class T>
unsigned clip_line_segment(T* x1, T* y1, T* x2, T* y2,
const rect_base<T>& clip_box)
{
unsigned f1 = clipping_flags(*x1, *y1, clip_box);
unsigned f2 = clipping_flags(*x2, *y2, clip_box);
unsigned ret = 0;
if((f2 | f1) == 0)
{
// Fully visible
return 0;
}
if((f1 & clipping_flags_x_clipped) != 0 &&
(f1 & clipping_flags_x_clipped) == (f2 & clipping_flags_x_clipped))
{
// Fully clipped
return 4;
}
if((f1 & clipping_flags_y_clipped) != 0 &&
(f1 & clipping_flags_y_clipped) == (f2 & clipping_flags_y_clipped))
{
// Fully clipped
return 4;
}
T tx1 = *x1;
T ty1 = *y1;
T tx2 = *x2;
T ty2 = *y2;
if(f1)
{
if(!clip_move_point(tx1, ty1, tx2, ty2, clip_box, x1, y1, f1))
{
return 4;
}
if(*x1 == *x2 && *y1 == *y2)
{
return 4;
}
ret |= 1;
}
if(f2)
{
if(!clip_move_point(tx1, ty1, tx2, ty2, clip_box, x2, y2, f2))
{
return 4;
}
if(*x1 == *x2 && *y1 == *y2)
{
return 4;
}
ret |= 2;
}
return ret;
}
}
#endif
``` |
The Software Upgrade Protocol (or SUP) System is a set of programs developed by Carnegie Mellon University in the 1980s (as was the Andrew File System). It provides for collections of files to be maintained in identical versions across a number of machines.
It was originally developed under the Mach operating system, but implementations are provided with Debian & Ubuntu Linux distributions.
References
Categories
Network protocols
Application layer protocols |
```python
from .. core._core_utils import add_method
from .. import _otio
@add_method(_otio.ImageSequenceReference)
def __str__(self):
return (
'ImageSequenceReference('
'"{}", "{}", "{}", {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})' .format(
self.target_url_base,
self.name_prefix,
self.name_suffix,
self.start_frame,
self.frame_step,
self.rate,
self.frame_zero_padding,
self.missing_frame_policy,
self.available_range,
self.available_image_bounds,
self.metadata,
)
)
@add_method(_otio.ImageSequenceReference)
def __repr__(self):
return (
'ImageSequenceReference('
'target_url_base={}, '
'name_prefix={}, '
'name_suffix={}, '
'start_frame={}, '
'frame_step={}, '
'rate={}, '
'frame_zero_padding={}, '
'missing_frame_policy={}, '
'available_range={}, '
'available_image_bounds={}, '
'metadata={}'
')' .format(
repr(self.target_url_base),
repr(self.name_prefix),
repr(self.name_suffix),
repr(self.start_frame),
repr(self.frame_step),
repr(self.rate),
repr(self.frame_zero_padding),
repr(self.missing_frame_policy),
repr(self.available_range),
repr(self.available_image_bounds),
repr(self.metadata),
)
)
@add_method(_otio.ImageSequenceReference)
def frame_range_for_time_range(self, time_range):
"""Returns first and last frame numbers for
the given time range in the reference.
:rtype: tuple[int]
:raises ValueError: if the provided time range is outside the available range.
"""
return (
self.frame_for_time(time_range.start_time),
self.frame_for_time(time_range.end_time_inclusive())
)
@add_method(_otio.ImageSequenceReference)
def abstract_target_url(self, symbol):
"""
Generates a target url for a frame where ``symbol`` is used in place
of the frame number. This is often used to generate wildcard target urls.
"""
if not self.target_url_base.endswith("/"):
base = self.target_url_base + "/"
else:
base = self.target_url_base
return "{}{}{}{}".format(
base, self.name_prefix, symbol, self.name_suffix
)
``` |
Lemma Barkeloo (1840–1870) was one of the first women in America to attend law school, alongside Phoebe Couzins. She was the first woman admitted to the Missouri bar and the first woman to try a case in an American court.
She was born on March 26, 1840, to Teunis Suydam Barkeloo and Lammetje G. Barkeloo (nee Bergen). Her uncle was Teunis G. Bergen, a Congressman from New York. Barkeloo lived in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated with honors from Moravian College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
She began attending Washington University School of Law in 1869. However, she never finished her course work or graduated. Prior to completing her first year, she petitioned to take the Missouri bar without her law degree. On March 25, 1870, she passed the bar exam. The next day, she was the first woman admitted to the Missouri bar. She began to practice law in the offices of Lucien Eaton and became the first woman to try a case in an American court.
Only a couple months after she was admitted to the bar, she died from typhoid fever on September 11, 1870.
In 2000 Susan Frelich Appleton, J.D., was installed as the inaugural Lemma Barkeloo and Phoebe Couzins Professor of Law at the Washington University School of Law.
See also
List of first women lawyers and judges in Missouri
References
1840 births
1870 deaths
Washington University School of Law alumni
Deaths from typhoid fever
19th-century American women lawyers
19th-century American lawyers
Infectious disease deaths in Missouri
Moravian University alumni |
The 123rd Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War. It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army and assigned to the 41st Division.
Formation
The infantry battalions did not all serve at once, but all were assigned to the brigade during the war.
11th Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
10th Battalion, Royal West Kent Regiment (Kent County)
23rd Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (2nd Football)
20th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry (Wearside)
123rd Machine Gun Company
123rd Trench Mortar Battery
References
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I |
```java
package com.eventyay.organizer.data;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import androidx.collection.ArrayMap;
import org.threeten.bp.Duration;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Utility class that decides whether we should fetch some data or not.
*/
public class RateLimiter<K> {
private final Map<K, Long> timestamps = new ArrayMap<>();
private final long timeout;
public RateLimiter(Duration duration) {
this.timeout = duration.toMillis();
}
public synchronized boolean shouldFetch(K key) {
Long lastFetched = timestamps.get(key);
long now = now();
if (lastFetched == null) {
timestamps.put(key, now);
return true;
}
if (now - lastFetched > timeout) {
timestamps.put(key, now);
return true;
}
return false;
}
private long now() {
return SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
}
public synchronized void reset(K key) {
timestamps.remove(key);
}
}
``` |
In mathematics, the Morrey–Campanato spaces (named after Charles B. Morrey, Jr. and Sergio Campanato) are Banach spaces which extend the notion of functions of bounded mean oscillation, describing situations where the oscillation of the function in a ball is proportional to some power of the radius other than the dimension. They are used in the theory of elliptic partial differential equations, since for certain values of , elements of the space are Hölder continuous functions over the domain .
The seminorm of the Morrey spaces is given by
When , the Morrey space is the same as the usual space. When , the spatial dimension, the Morrey space is equivalent to , due to the Lebesgue differentiation theorem. When , the space contains only the 0 function.
Note that this is a norm for .
The seminorm of the Campanato space is given by
where
It is known that the Morrey spaces with are equivalent to the Campanato spaces with the same value of when is a sufficiently regular domain, that is to say, when there is a constant A such that for every and .
When , the Campanato space is the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation. When , the Campanato space is the space of Hölder continuous functions with . For , the space contains only constant functions.
References
Function spaces |
The 2008 Yingjiang earthquakes were a series of major earthquakes ranging from surface wave magnitude (Ms) 4.1 to 5.9 that struck Yingjiang County, Yunnan province, China between August 19 (in UTC; August 20 local time) and September 3. It caused 5 deaths, 130 injuries (21 of which were serious), and RMB 2.7 billion in direct economic damage. USGS put the magnitude of the strongest one to Mw 6.0.
Earthquake
According to the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) and its subordinate China Earthquake Network Center (CENC), a Ms 5.0 earthquake struck Yingjiang County, Yunnan province, China on August 20, 2008 at 05:35:09 China Standard Time (CST – 2135 UTC, August 19, 2008). A CEA report published on September 17 described two additional strong quakes of Ms 4.9 and Ms 5.9 in the same area the following day; CENC's data base, on the other hand, did not include the earthquake of Ms 4.9 at 20:20 CST on August 21 as the CEA report described, but reveals additional ones after the date.
Sequence of earthquakes
Note: Earthquakes #4 and after are not included in CEA summary; earthquake #2 is unaccounted for in CENC data base.
Impact
Casualties
According to CEA, these earthquakes caused 5 deaths and 21 others were seriously hurt, as well as 109 minor injuries. Through the Yunnan Earthquake Administration (YNEA), the provincial government invoked Level IV emergence response protocol in the relief. The amount of affected people is said to be around 210,000, roughly 2/3 of the total population in the affected areas. Direct financial damage amounted to RMB 1.3 billion. In addition to building damage, the heaviest infrastructure damage occurred to water resources facilities.
Intensity
On the seismic intensity map published by CEA, maximum intensity of these earthquakes reached liedu VIII on China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), which is somewhat equivalent to VIII (Severe) on the MMI and from which CSIS drew reference. Liedu-VIII zone spans 26 km2 near the epicenter. Total area of liedu VI (Slightly damaging) and above is a north-south oval of 4,511 km2.
See also
List of earthquakes in 2008
List of earthquakes in Myanmar
List of earthquakes in China
List of earthquakes in Yunnan
References
External links
2008 Yingjiang
Earthquakes in Myanmar
Yingjiang earthquakes
Yingjiang, China
August 2008 events in China
Earthquake clusters, swarms, and sequences
Geography of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture |
Beautiful Star (French: Belle Étoile) is a 1938 French comedy drama film directed by Jacques de Baroncelli and starring Michel Simon, Meg Lemonnier, and Jean-Pierre Aumont. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Paul-Louis Boutié and Georges Wakhévitch.
Synopsis
Meg Lemarchal doesn't want to marry the man her father has picked out for her. She is driven to suicide, but is saved by a young man Jean-Pierre. However she is then kidnapped, leading to Jean-Pierre trying to rescue her.
Cast
Michel Simon as Léon
Meg Lemonnier as Meg Lemarchal
Jean-Pierre Aumont as Jean-Pierre
Saturnin Fabre as Lemarchal
Georges Lannes as Monsieur Albert
Jean Aymé as Le receleur
Marcel Vallée as Le président
André Numès Fils as Charlot
René Blancard as Le commissaire
Robert Ralphy as Un passant
References
Bibliography
Crisp, Colin. Genre, Myth and Convention in the French Cinema, 1929-1939. Indiana University Press, 2002.
External links
1938 films
French comedy-drama films
1938 comedy-drama films
Films directed by Jacques de Baroncelli
1930s French-language films
French black-and-white films
1930s French films |
Coalburg is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Coalburg is located along the south bank of the Kanawha River, west of East Bank.
The William H. & William S. Edwards House and Good Shepherd Church were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
References
Unincorporated communities in Kanawha County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Coal towns in West Virginia
Populated places on the Kanawha River |
Foreign policy of the Bush administration may refer to:
Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration, the foreign policy of the United States from 1989 to 1993
Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration, the foreign policy of the United States from 2001 to 2009
United States foreign policy
B |
Orthotylus globiceps is a species of bug in the Miridae family that is endemic to Spain.
References
Insects described in 1976
Endemic fauna of Spain
Hemiptera of Europe
globiceps |
Pons d'Arsac was the Archbishop of Narbonne from 1162 until 1181. He was archbishop at an important time in the history of Narbonne and Languedoc in general; a time when the Roman Catholic Church denounced the local religious way of life as heretical.
In 1165, Pons called a council (or colloquy) at Lombers, near Albi, to deal with the spreading Catharism in his archdiocese, largely in response to the council held at Tours in 1163 under Pope Alexander III. The council was a public debate between Cathars (who called themselves bos-homes or bos Crestias) and orthodox Catholic delegates. Constance, daughter of Louis VI of France, and most of the citizens of Albi and Lombers were present and the decision of the council in favour of orthodoxy is still preserved. The judges of the council had been decided upon by representatives of both the Cathars and the Catholics and the latter had been forced to agree to argue solely on New Testament grounds.
In 1166, Pons solemnly confirmed the decision of Lombers at a council in Capestang. However, the power and influence of the heretics was so demoralising to the faithful that some Cistercian monks from Villemagne near Agde abandoned their vows and their monastery to marry and the archbishop was unable to compel them to return without papal interference, which was probably ineffectual as well. In 1173, both Pons and Ermengard of Narbonne sent separate pleas to Louis VII of France for aid against, in Pons' words, "the oppression of heretics" which put "the ship of Saint Peter ... in danger of sinking."
In 1176, Pons was granted all the vicecomital rights in the town of Ferrals by Ermengard of Narbonne "for his fidelity and service." Pons was a close ally of Ermengard and they shared, on very amicable terms, the lordship in the city of Narbonne.
In 1178, Pons was part of a mission appointed by the kings of England and France, made up of the papal legate, Cardinal Peter of S. Crisogono, the Cistercian abbot of Clairvaux Henry of Marcy, Jean des Bellesmains, Peter of Pavia, and Garin, Archbishop of Bourges which was sent to fight Catharism and those lords of Languedoc who supported it or refused to actively campaign against it, among other perceived persecutors of the Church. Pons was the only member of the legation who came from the region to which it was sent and he was therefore most intimately aware of its politics.
In 1179, he attended the Third Lateran Council. Upon his return, in accordance with the twenty-seventh canon of III Lateran, he pronounced excommunication on Raymond V of Toulouse, Roger II of Carcassonne, and Bernard Ato VI of Nîmes. The twenty seventh canon prohibited the use of mercenaries, such as routiers, coterills, bascules, and Aragonese.
In 1181, Henry of Marcy returned as legate to Languedoc and this time deposed Pons from his archdiocese. The exact reasons for his deposition are not known, though a thirteenth-century Cistercian chronicle from Clairvaux says that he was "ineffective and blameworthy", but such a statement lacks any specification of fault. It is possible that archbishop had raised Henry's ire in the preceding legation by questioning the piety of Raymond of Toulouse, who had called in the Cistercians for aid against heresy, but who was an enemy of Pons close ally, Ermengard of Narbonne. Or perhaps he had been too closely aligned with Ermengard's ally, Roger of Carcassonne, to whom the papal legates took great offence. Whatever the case, not only Pons, but also three archdeacons and the sacristan were removed from the church of Narbonne and Pope Lucius III described it as "deprived of all personnel."
Sources
Cheyette, Fredric L. Ermengard of Narbonne and the World of the Troubadours. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.
Graham-Leigh, Elaine. The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005.
Graham-Leigh, Elaine. "Hirelings and Shepherds: Archbishop Berenguer of Narbonne (1191-1211) and the Ideal Bishop." The English Historical Review, Vol. 116, No. 469. (Nov., 2001), pp 1083–1102.
Lea, Henry Charles. A History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages. Vol. 1. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1888.
Notes
Archbishops of Narbonne
12th-century French Roman Catholic bishops |
```go
package hooks
import (
"context"
dump "github.com/fsamin/go-dump"
"github.com/rockbears/log"
"github.com/ovh/cds/sdk"
)
func (s *Service) doScheduledTaskExecution(ctx context.Context, t *sdk.TaskExecution) (*sdk.WorkflowNodeRunHookEvent, error) {
log.Debug(ctx, "Hooks> Processing scheduled task %s", t.UUID)
// Prepare a struct to send to CDS API
h := sdk.WorkflowNodeRunHookEvent{
WorkflowNodeHookUUID: t.UUID,
}
//Prepare the payload
//Anything can be pushed in the configuration, just avoid sending
payloadValues := map[string]string{}
if payload, ok := t.Config[sdk.Payload]; ok && payload.Value != "{}" {
var payloadInt interface{}
if err := sdk.JSONUnmarshal([]byte(payload.Value), &payloadInt); err == nil {
e := dump.NewDefaultEncoder()
e.Formatters = []dump.KeyFormatterFunc{dump.WithDefaultLowerCaseFormatter()}
e.ExtraFields.DetailedMap = false
e.ExtraFields.DetailedStruct = false
e.ExtraFields.Len = false
e.ExtraFields.Type = false
m1, errm1 := e.ToStringMap(payloadInt)
if errm1 != nil {
log.Error(ctx, "Hooks> doScheduledTaskExecution> Cannot convert payload to map %s", errm1)
} else {
payloadValues = m1
}
payloadValues["payload"] = payload.Value
} else {
log.Error(ctx, "Hooks> doScheduledTaskExecution> Cannot unmarshall payload %s", err)
}
}
for k, v := range t.Config {
switch k {
case sdk.HookConfigProject, sdk.HookConfigWorkflow, sdk.SchedulerModelCron, sdk.SchedulerModelTimezone, sdk.Payload:
default:
payloadValues[k] = v.Value
}
}
payloadValues["cds.triggered_by.username"] = sdk.SchedulerUsername
payloadValues["cds.triggered_by.fullname"] = sdk.SchedulerFullname
h.Payload = payloadValues
return &h, nil
}
``` |
```javascript
module.exports = async function (results) {
// wait 1ms
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1))
// return results as JSON
return 'Async results:\n' + JSON.stringify(results)
}
``` |
The Boiling Lake is a flooded fumarole located in Morne Trois Pitons National Park, a World Heritage Site on the island of Dominica. The lake, located east of Dominica's capital Roseau, is filled with bubbling greyish-blue water that is usually enveloped in a cloud of vapour. The Boiling Lake is approximately across and is the second-largest hot lake in the world after Frying Pan Lake, located in Waimangu Valley near Rotorua, New Zealand.
History
The first recorded European sighting of the lake was in 1870 by Edmund Watt and Henry Alfred Alford Nicholls, two Englishmen working in Dominica at that time. In 1875, Henry Prestoe, a government botanist, and Nicholls were commissioned to investigate this natural phenomenon. They measured the water temperature and found it to range from along the edges, but could not measure the temperature at the centre where the lake is actively boiling. They recorded the depth to be greater than .
Periodically, there have been fluctuations in the level and activity of the lake. In the 1870s it was deep; after a phreatic eruption nearby in 1880, the lake disappeared and formed a fountain of hot water and steam. Another phreatic eruption lowered the lake level by some from December 2004 to April 2005; later the lake level rose again, refilling the lake in just one day. The rapid draining and refilling of the lake implies that it is suspended well above the local water table and that a continuous flux of steam or gas generated by an underlying magmatic intrusion drives water up into the lake. A disturbance to the supply of gas can cause the lake to drain through the porous connection that normally allows steam to rise and heat the lake.
Geology
The lake rests at the bottom of a large sinkhole-like basin. More accurately, it is a flooded fumarole, generally located within the vicinity of a volcano, which emits steam and gases escaping from molten magma below. Currently, the lake is viewable from a broad, cliff-top ledge about directly above its shore. High rock walls surround and create the basin.
The lake's grayish-blue water is easily viewed in its perpetual rolling-boil state which looks like a giant pot of water cooking and steaming on a stove. The basin's water is replenished by rainfall and two small streams which drain into the area. The water then seeps down to the magma and is heated to the boiling point. The trail leads through another volcanic area called the Valley of Desolation. The air around the area is hot, steamy and moist, supported by the sharp, acrid smell of sulphur. The area is known to have been filled with vapors and gases that escape from bubbling and boiling sulfur-water pots, small spraying and hissing geysers, cracks and holes, and a small stream that runs through and beneath the terrain. Tiny invisible sprays of steam will easily burn an ankle or foot.
Hiking
There is no road leading directly to the lake. It is approximately a return hike to the lake from the nearest road. The hike can be divided into three parts that take about one hour each. Part I starts in Laudat, by Titou Gorge and ends at Breakfast River, where hikers can fill up with fresh water. Part II continues up Morne Nicholls which has an altitude of , and ends at the top of the Valley of Desolation. Part III starts with a dangerous descent into the Valley of Desolation, followed by a long hike past sulfur springs and hot pools, until finally reaching a peak overlooking the Boiling Lake.
Two members of a three-man hiking party – a hiker and a Dominican guide – died at the Boiling Lake in 1900 after being asphyxiated by a sudden release of volcanic gases and falling to their deaths.
On 6 July 2007, adventure-film maker George Kourounis became the first person to ever cross Boiling Lake from above, suspended by ropes over the most violently boiling section. This event was filmed for the TV series Angry Planet.
See also
Hot spring
List of hot springs
References
External links
The Boiling Lake and Trail Photos
Boiling Lake trail and hike
Boiling Lake rope traverse by explorer George Kourounis
Pictures
The Boiling Lake Photo Gallery
Lakes of Dominica
Hot springs
Volcanoes of Dominica |
The 2022 season for is the 13th season in the team's existence, all of which have been as a UCI WorldTeam. This is the fourth season with Ineos as the title sponsor and the second full season with the current name. They use Pinarello bicycles, Shimano drivetrain, Shimano wheels and Bioracer clothing.
Team roster
Riders who joined the team for the 2022 season
Riders who left the team during or after the 2021 season
Season victories
National, Continental, and World Champions
Notes
References
External links
Ineos Grenadiers
2022
Ineos Grenadiers |
Anolis cryptolimifrons is a species of lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is found on in Costa Rica and Panama.
References
Anoles
Reptiles described in 2008
Taxa named by Gunther Köhler
Reptiles of Costa Rica
Reptiles of Panama |
```smalltalk
"
Unit test for trait handling
"
Class {
#name : 'TraitTest',
#superclass : 'TraitAbstractTest',
#category : 'Traits-Tests',
#package : 'Traits-Tests'
}
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> createT1 [
| t1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #(a b c).
t1
compile:
'setValues
a := 1.
b := 2.
c := 3.
'.
t1
compile:
'getValues
^ a + b + c
'.
^ t1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> createT2 [
| t2 |
t2 := self newTrait: #T2 with: #(d e f).
t2
compile:
'setValues2
d := 1.
e := 2.
f := 3.
'.
t2
compile:
'getValues2
^ d + e + f + self getValues
'.
^ t2
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> createT3 [
| t3 |
"This is a trait with a method with a pragma"
t3 := self newTrait: #T3 with: #().
t3
compile:
'aMethod
<aPragma>
^ 42
'.
t3 class
compile:
'aClassMethod
<aPragma>
^ 42
'.
^ t3
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testAddingATraitToAClassWithSubclasses [
"This is a regression test when adding a trait to a class without traits and with subclasses was not possible."
| c1 c2 t1 |
c1 := self newClass: #C1.
c2 := self newClass: #C2 superclass: c1 traits: { }.
t1 := self newTrait: #T1.
self shouldnt: [ self class classInstaller update: c1 to: [ :aBuilder | aBuilder traits: t1 ] ] raise: Error.
self assert: (c1 includesTrait: t1).
self deny: (c2 includesTrait: t1)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testClassHavingAnInstanceVariableUsersDifferenThanUsers [
| t1 aClass |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #( users ).
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: { }.
aClass class setTraitComposition: { t1 }.
self assert: (aClass class allSlots anySatisfy: [ :e | e name = #users ]).
self assert: (aClass class slotNamed: #users) definingClass equals: t1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testClassTraitThatHasAPragmaHasCorrectTraitSourceAfterRecompile [
| t3 aClass |
t3 := self createT3.
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: { t3 }.
self assert: (aClass class >> #aClassMethod) traitSource equals: t3 class asTraitComposition.
(aClass class >> #aClassMethod) recompile.
self assert: (aClass class >> #aClassMethod) traitSource equals: t3 class asTraitComposition
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testClassTraits [
| t1 t2 aClass |
<ignoreNotImplementedSelectors: #(otherSelector otherSelector2 anAlias aSelector)>
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #().
t2 := self newTrait: #T2 with: #().
t1 classTrait compile: 'aSelector ^ 21'.
t1 classTrait compile: 'otherSelector ^ 42'.
t2 classTrait compile: 'otherSelector2 ^ 42'.
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: {}.
aClass class setTraitComposition: t1 classSide - { #aSelector }.
self assert: aClass otherSelector equals: 42.
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: {}.
aClass class setTraitComposition: t1 classSide + t2 classSide.
self assert: aClass otherSelector equals: 42.
self assert: aClass otherSelector2 equals: 42.
self assert: aClass aSelector equals: 21.
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: {}.
aClass class setTraitComposition: t1 classSide @ {#anAlias -> #aSelector}.
self assert: aClass anAlias equals: 21.
self assert: aClass aSelector equals: 21
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testClassUsesTrait [
| t1 superclass subclass |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: {}.
superclass := self newClass: #Superclass with:#() traits: t1.
subclass := self newClass: #Subclass superclass: superclass traits: {}.
self assert: (superclass usesTrait: t1).
self assert: (superclass usesTraitLocally: t1).
self assert: (subclass usesTrait: t1).
self assert: (subclass usesTraitLocally: t1) not
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testClassUsingTraitsDoesNotHaveUsers [
| t1 aClass |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #().
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: {t1}.
self assert: (aClass class allSlots noneSatisfy: [:e | e name = #users])
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testComposedBy [
"tests the #isComposedBy: aTrait method"
self assert: (Trait3 isComposedBy: Trait2).
self deny: (Trait2 isComposedBy: Trait3).
self deny: (Trait3 isComposedBy: Object)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testDefinedMethods [
[
Trait1 compile: 'extensionMethod ' classified: '*AGeneratedPackageForTest'.
Trait3 compile: 'extensionMethod ' classified: '*AGeneratedPackageForTest'.
MOPTestClassC compile: 'extensionMethod ' classified: '*AGeneratedPackageForTest'.
"Test local methods of a trait standalone"
self assertCollection: Trait1 localMethods hasSameElements: { (Trait1 >> #c1). (Trait1 >> #c). (Trait1 >> #extensionMethod) }.
self assertCollection: Trait1 definedMethods hasSameElements: { (Trait1 >> #c1). (Trait1 >> #c) }.
"Test local methods of a trait using a trait"
self assertCollection: Trait3 localMethods hasSameElements: { (Trait3 >> #c3). (Trait3 >> #c). (Trait3 >> #extensionMethod) }.
self assertCollection: Trait3 definedMethods hasSameElements: { (Trait3 >> #c3). (Trait3 >> #c) }.
"Test local methods of a class using a trait"
self assertCollection: MOPTestClassC localMethods hasSameElements: { (MOPTestClassC >> #c). (MOPTestClassC >> #extensionMethod)}.
self assertCollection: MOPTestClassC definedMethods hasSameElements: { (MOPTestClassC >> #c) } ] ensure: [ self packageOrganizer removePackage: 'AGeneratedPackageForTest' ]
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testDefinedSelectors [
[
Trait1 compile: 'extensionMethod ' classified: '*AGeneratedPackageForTest'.
Trait3 compile: 'extensionMethod ' classified: '*AGeneratedPackageForTest'.
MOPTestClassC compile: 'extensionMethod ' classified: '*AGeneratedPackageForTest'.
"Test local selectors of a trait standalone"
self assertCollection: Trait1 localSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c1 #c #extensionMethod ).
self assertCollection: Trait1 definedSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c1 #c ).
"Test local selectors of a trait using a trait"
self assertCollection: Trait3 localSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c3 #c #extensionMethod ).
self assertCollection: Trait3 definedSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c3 #c ).
"Test local selectors of a class using a trait"
self assertCollection: MOPTestClassC localSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c #extensionMethod ).
self assertCollection: MOPTestClassC definedSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c ) ] ensure: [ self packageOrganizer removePackage: 'AGeneratedPackageForTest' ]
]
{ #category : 'tests - empty' }
TraitTest >> testEmptyCompositionManagesTEmpty [
| t1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 traits: TEmpty.
self assert: t1 hasEmptyComposition
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testErrorClassCreation [
| trait aSubclass aClass |
trait := self class classInstaller make: [ :aBuilder |
aBuilder
name: #TMyTrait;
package: self packageNameForTests;
beTrait ].
aClass := self class classInstaller make: [ :aClassBuilder |
aClassBuilder
name: #AClass;
superclass: nil;
package: self packageNameForTests ].
"----------------"
aSubclass := self class classInstaller make: [ :aClassBuilder |
aClassBuilder
name: #AClass2;
traitComposition: trait;
superclass: aClass;
package: self packageNameForTests ].
"----------------"
"Change the superclass of AClass"
aClass := self class classInstaller make: [ :aClassBuilder |
aClassBuilder
name: #AClass;
superclass: Object;
package: self packageNameForTests ].
self assert: trait traitUsers asArray equals: { aSubclass }.
self assert: aSubclass traits asArray equals: { trait }
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testForbidInstantiation [
| trait |
trait := self class classInstaller make: [ :aBuilder |
aBuilder
name: #TMyTrait;
package: self packageNameForTests;
beTrait ].
self should: [ trait basicNew ] raise: Error
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testIndirectSequence [
| t1 t2 t3 c1 obj |
<ignoreNotImplementedSelectors: #(setValues setValues2 getValues getValues2)>
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
t3 := self newTrait: #T3 traits: t1 + t2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: t3.
obj := c1 new.
obj setValues.
obj setValues2.
self assert: (TraitedClass basicUsers includesAll: { t1 class. t2 class. t3 class. c1 class}).
self assert: obj getValues equals: 6.
self assert: obj getValues2 equals: 12
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testIsUsed [
self assert: Trait1 isUsed.
self assert: Trait1 classTrait isUsed
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testLocalMethodWithSameCodeInTrait [
"Test whether there are no unintentional overridden traits methods"
SystemNavigation new
allBehaviorsDo: [ :each |
each hasTraitComposition
ifTrue: [ each
selectorsDo: [ :selector |
(each includesLocalSelector: selector)
ifTrue: [ (each traitComposition traitDefining: selector ifNone: [ nil ])
ifNotNil: [ :trait | (trait selectors includes: selector) ifTrue: [ self deny: (trait compiledMethodAt: selector) equals: each >> selector ] ] ] ] ] ]
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testLocalMethods [
"Test local methods of a trait standalone"
self assertCollection: Trait1 localMethods hasSameElements: { (Trait1 >> #c1). (Trait1 >> #c) }.
"Test local methods of a trait using a trait"
self assertCollection: Trait3 localMethods hasSameElements: { (Trait3 >> #c3). (Trait3 >> #c) }.
"Test local methods of a class using a trait"
self assertCollection: MOPTestClassC localMethods hasSameElements: { (MOPTestClassC >> #c) }
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testLocalSelectors [
"Test local selectors of a trait standalone"
self assertCollection: Trait1 localSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c1 #c ).
"Test local selectors of a trait using a trait"
self assertCollection: Trait3 localSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c3 #c ).
"Test local selectors of a class using a trait"
self assertCollection: MOPTestClassC localSelectors hasSameElements: #( #c )
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testMethodsAddedInMetaclass [
| t1 c1 |
t1 := self createT1.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: t1.
self assertCollection: c1 class selectors sorted equals: TraitedClass selectors sorted
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testMethodsAddedInMetaclassNotPresentInSubclasses [
| t1 c1 c2 |
t1 := self createT1.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #( g h ) traits: t1.
c2 := self newClass: #C2 superclass: c1 traits: { }.
self assertCollection: c2 class localSelectors sorted equals: #( )
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> your_sha256_hashclass [
| t1 c1 c2 t2 |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: t1.
c2 := self newClass: #C2 superclass: c1 traits: {t2}.
self assertCollection: c2 class localSelectors sorted equals: #().
self assert: (TraitedClass selectors allSatisfy: [ :selector | (c2 class lookupSelector: selector) isNotNil ])
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testOrigin [
| tr1 tr2 tr3 tr23 |
tr1 := self newTrait: #TTT1 traits: { }.
tr2 := self newTrait: #TTT2 traits: { tr1 }.
tr3 := self newTrait: #TTT3 traits: { tr1 }.
tr23 := self newTrait: #TTT23 traits: { (tr3 + tr2) }.
tr1 compile: 'foo ^ 4'.
self assert: (tr1 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1.
self assert: (tr2 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1.
self assert: (tr3 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1.
"-----------"
"For TR2"
self assert: (tr2 traitComposition traitDefining: #foo) innerClass identicalTo: tr1.
self assert: (tr2 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1.
"-----------"
"-----------"
"For TR23"
self assert: (tr23 traitComposition traitDefining: #foo) innerClass identicalTo: tr1.
self assert: (tr23 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1
"----------"
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testOriginWithRequiredMethod [
| tr1 c1 |
tr1 := self newTrait: #TTT1 traits: { }.
tr1 compile: 'foo ^ self explicitRequirement'.
self assert: (tr1 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1.
c1 := self newClass: #CTT1 superclass: Object traits: tr1.
self assert: (c1 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testOriginWithRequiredMethodInTraitChain [
"check that the origin of a explicit requirement is the trait defining this method, even if we check
this from another *trait* using the first trait. Tr2 uses Tr1, Tr1 defines a explicit requirement #foo, the
origin of Tr2>>foo is Tr1"
| tr1 tr2 |
tr1 := self newTrait: #TTT1 traits: { }.
tr1 compile: 'foo ^ self explicitRequirement'.
self assert: (tr1 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1.
tr2 := self newTrait: #TTT2 traits: { tr1 }.
self assert: (tr2 >> #foo) origin identicalTo: tr1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testPackageIsUpdatedInClassSide [
| c1 t1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1.
t1 class compile: 'msg ^ 1'.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: t1.
c1 class compile: 'msg ^ 12'.
self assert: self packageNameForTests asPackage methods size equals: 2.
(c1 class >> #msg) removeFromSystem.
self assert: self packageNameForTests asPackage methods size equals: 1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testPackageIsUpdatedInInstanceSide [
| c1 t1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1.
t1 compile: 'msg ^ 1'.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: t1.
c1 compile: 'msg ^ 12'.
self assert: (c1 >> #msg) origin equals: c1.
self assert: self packageNameForTests asPackage methods size equals: 2.
(c1 >> #msg) removeFromSystem.
self assert: self packageNameForTests asPackage methods size equals: 1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRecompilingTraitClassMethodRecompilesTheMethodInTheUsers [
| trait class priorTraitMethod priorClassMethod |
trait := self newTrait: #TTraitForTest.
class := self newClass: #ClassUsingTTraitForTest traits: trait.
trait class compile: 'test
^ #test'.
priorTraitMethod := trait class >> #test.
priorClassMethod := class class >> #test.
priorTraitMethod recompile.
self deny: trait class >> #test identicalTo: priorTraitMethod.
self deny: class class >> #test identicalTo: priorClassMethod
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRecompilingTraitMethodRecompilesTheMethodInTheUsers [
| trait class priorTraitMethod priorClassMethod |
trait := self newTrait: #TTraitForTest.
class := self newClass: #ClassUsingTTraitForTest traits: trait.
trait compile: 'test
^ #test'.
priorTraitMethod := trait >> #test.
priorClassMethod := class >> #test.
priorTraitMethod recompile.
self deny: trait >> #test identicalTo: priorTraitMethod.
self deny: class >> #test identicalTo: priorClassMethod
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRedefiningAClassAsTraitShouldRaiseError [
self newClass: #C1.
self should: [ self newTrait: #C1 ] raise: Error
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRedefiningATraitAsAClassShouldRaiseError [
self newTrait: #C1 with: #().
self should: [ self newClass: #C1 ] raise: Error
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRemakingATraitUsedByAnAnonymousClassKeepItAnonymous [
"Regression test were an anonymous class became non anonymous if we updated a trait used by it."
| t1 aClass |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #( ).
aClass := Smalltalk anonymousClassInstaller make: [ :builder | builder traitComposition: t1 ].
self assert: aClass isAnonymous.
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #( aSlot ).
self assert: aClass isAnonymous
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRemoveFromSystem [
| aClass aTrait |
aTrait := self newTrait: #T1.
aClass := self newClass: #AClassForTests traits: aTrait.
aTrait removeFromSystem: false.
self deny: aClass hasTraitComposition.
self assert: aTrait isObsolete
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRemovingTraitsDoesNotModifiyTraitedSubclasses [
| t1 t2 c2 c1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1.
t2 := self newTrait: #T2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 traits: t1.
c2 := self newClass: #C2 superclass: c1 traits: t2.
self assert: c1 hasTraitComposition.
self assert: (c1 traits includes: t1).
self assert: c2 hasTraitComposition.
self assert: (c2 traits includes: t2).
self assert: (t2 users includes: c2).
c1 := self newClass: #C1 traits: { }.
self deny: c1 hasTraitComposition.
self deny: (c1 traits includes: t1).
self assert: c2 hasTraitComposition.
self assert: (c2 traits includes: t2).
self assert: (t2 users includes: c2)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRemovingTraitsRemoveTraitedClassMethods [
| t1 t2 c1 |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: t1 + t2.
self assert: (c1 class includesSelector: #traits).
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: {}.
self deny: (c1 class includesSelector: #traits)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRemovingTraitsRemoveTraitedClassMethodsWithSubclasses [
| t1 t2 c2 c1 c3 |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: t1.
c2 := self newClass: #C2 superclass: c1 traits: t2.
c3 := self newClass: #C3 superclass: c1 traits: {}.
self assert: (c1 class includesSelector: #traits).
self deny: (c1 class includesLocalSelector: #traits).
self assert: (c2 class lookupSelector: #traits) isNotNil.
self deny: (c2 class includesLocalSelector: #traits).
self assert: (c3 class lookupSelector: #traits) isNotNil.
self deny: (c3 class includesLocalSelector: #traits).
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: {}.
"Now c1 has no more traits, c2 remains unchanged"
self deny: (c1 class includesSelector: #traits).
self assert: (c2 class includesSelector: #traits).
self deny: (c2 class includesLocalSelector: #traits).
self assert: (c2 class includesSelector: #traits).
self deny: (c2 class includesLocalSelector: #traits).
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testRemovingTraitsUpdatesCategories [
| t1 t2 c1 |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: t1 + t2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: { }.
c1 selectors do: [ :selector | self assert: (c1 includesSelector: selector) ].
c1 class selectors do: [ :selector | self assert: (c1 class includesSelector: selector) ]
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSelectorsWithExplicitOrigin [
"Obtain the subset of selectors that are defined either locally or inherited from traits. But, exclude selectors of methods from implicit traits such as TraitedClass"
| t1 c1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #().
t1 compile: 'instanceSideMethod'.
t1 class compile: 'classSideMethod'.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 traits: t1.
self assertCollection: c1 selectorsWithExplicitOrigin hasSameElements: #(instanceSideMethod).
self assertCollection: c1 class selectorsWithExplicitOrigin hasSameElements: #(classSideMethod)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSelectorsWithExplicitOriginNoTrait [
"Obtain the subset of selectors that are defined either locally or inherited from traits. But, exclude selectors of methods from implicit traits such as TraitedClass"
| c1 |
c1 := self newClass: #C1.
c1 compile: 'instanceSideMethod'.
c1 class compile: 'classSideMethod'.
self assertCollection: c1 selectorsWithExplicitOrigin hasSameElements: #(instanceSideMethod).
self assertCollection: c1 class selectorsWithExplicitOrigin hasSameElements: #(classSideMethod)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSequence [
| t1 t2 c1 obj |
<ignoreNotImplementedSelectors: #(setValues setValues2 getValues getValues2 )>
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #(g h) traits: t1 + t2.
obj := c1 new.
obj setValues.
obj setValues2.
self assert: (TraitedClass basicUsers includesAll: { t1 class. t2 class. c1 class}).
self assert: obj getValues equals: 6.
self assert: obj getValues2 equals: 12
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSettingAClassInAClassTraitCompositionShouldRaiseAnError [
| t1 c1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #(a).
c1 := self newClass: #C1.
self should: [ t1 traitComposition: c1 ] raise: Error.
self should: [ t1 classTrait traitComposition: c1 ] raise: Error.
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSettingEmptyTraitCompositionDoesNotModifiyTraitedSubclasses [
| t1 t2 c2 c1 |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #( g h ) traits: t1.
c2 := self newClass: #C2 superclass: c1 traits: t2.
c1 setTraitComposition: { }.
self assert: c2 hasTraitComposition.
self assert: (c2 traits includes: t2).
self assert: (t2 users includes: c2)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSettingEmptyTraitCompositionUpdatesMetaclass [
| t1 t2 c2 c1 c3 |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self createT2.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 with: #( g h ) traits: t1.
c2 := self newClass: #C2 superclass: c1 traits: t2.
c3 := self newClass: #C3 superclass: c1 traits: { }.
self assert: (c1 class includesSelector: #traits).
self deny: (c2 class includesSelector: #traits).
self deny: (c3 class includesSelector: #traits).
c1 setTraitComposition: { }.
self deny: (c1 class includesSelector: #traits).
self assert: (c2 class includesSelector: #traits).
self deny: (c3 class includesSelector: #traits)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSlotsAreNotDuplicated [
| t1 t2 c1 |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #(a).
t2 := self newTrait: #T2 traits: t1.
c1 := self newClass: #C1 traits: t1 + t2.
self assert: c1 traitComposition slots size equals: c1 traitComposition slots asSet size.
self assert: c1 traitComposition slots size equals: 1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testSubclasses [
| t1 t2 |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self newTrait: #T2 with: #(aa bb) traits: t1.
self deny: t1 hasSubclasses.
self deny: t2 hasSubclasses.
self assert: t1 subclasses isEmpty.
self assert: t2 subclasses isEmpty.
self deny: t1 hasSubclasses.
self deny: t2 hasSubclasses.
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitHaveUsersInstanceVariable [
| t1 aClass |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #(users).
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: {t1}.
self assert: (aClass allSlots anySatisfy: [:e | e name = #users]).
self assert: (aClass slotNamed: #users) definingClass equals: t1
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitRemoval [
| aClass aTrait |
aTrait := self newTrait: #T1.
aClass := self newClass: #AClassForTests traits: aTrait.
self assertEmpty: aClass localSelectors.
aClass removeFromComposition: aTrait.
self assertEmpty: aClass localSelectors.
self assertEmpty: aClass selectors.
self deny: aClass hasTraitComposition.
self deny: (aTrait traitUsers includes: aClass)
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitSource [
self assert: (MOPTestClassC >> #c) traitSource isNil.
self assert: (MOPTestClassC >> #c2) traitSource equals: Trait2 asTraitComposition
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitSourceIsPersistedWithRecompilation [
[
Trait2 compile: 'traitMethod ^ 1' classified: '*GeneratedPackageForTest'.
self assert: (Trait2 >> #traitMethod) traitSource isNil.
self assert: (MOPTestClassC >> #traitMethod) traitSource equals: Trait2 asTraitComposition.
(Trait2 >> #traitMethod) recompile.
self assert: (Trait2 >> #traitMethod) traitSource isNil.
self assert: (MOPTestClassC >> #traitMethod) traitSource equals: Trait2 asTraitComposition ] ensure: [
self packageOrganizer removePackage: 'GeneratedPackageForTest' ]
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitSourceIsPersistedWithRemovalOfMetalinks [
[
| metalink |
Trait2 compile: 'traitMethod ^ 1' classified: '*GeneratedPackageForTest'.
self assert: (Trait2 >> #traitMethod) traitSource isNil.
self assert: (MOPTestClassC >> #traitMethod) traitSource equals: Trait2 asTraitComposition.
metalink := MetaLink new.
(MOPTestClassC >> #traitMethod) ast link: metalink.
self assert: (Trait2 >> #traitMethod) traitSource isNil.
self assert: (MOPTestClassC >> #traitMethod) traitSource equals: Trait2 asTraitComposition.
metalink uninstall.
self assert: (Trait2 >> #traitMethod) traitSource isNil.
self assert: (MOPTestClassC >> #traitMethod) traitSource equals: Trait2 asTraitComposition ] ensure: [
self packageOrganizer removePackage: 'GeneratedPackageForTest' ]
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitThatHasAPragmaHasCorrectTraitSourceAfterRecompile [
| t3 aClass |
t3 := self createT3.
aClass := self newClass: #C1 superclass: Object traits: {t3}.
self assert: (aClass >> #aMethod) traitSource equals: t3 asTraitComposition.
(aClass >> #aMethod) recompile.
self assert: (aClass >> #aMethod) traitSource equals: t3 asTraitComposition
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitUsingTraitsPreserveSourceCode [
| t1 t2 source |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self newTrait: #T2 traits: t1.
source := 'aMethod: aString
^ aMethod'.
t1 compile: source.
self assert: (t1 >> #aMethod:) sourceCode equals: source.
self assert: (t2 >> #aMethod:) sourceCode equals: source
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitUsingTraitsPreserveSourceCodeOnClassSide [
| t1 t2 source |
t1 := self createT1.
t2 := self newTrait: #T2 traits: t1.
source := 'aMethod: aString
^ aMethod'.
t1 class compile: source.
self assert: (t1 class >> #aMethod:) sourceCode equals: source.
self assert: (t2 class >> #aMethod:) sourceCode equals: source
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitsMethodClassSanity [
(Smalltalk globals allTraits flatCollect: #traitUsers) asSet do: [ :trait |
trait selectorsDo: [ :selector | self assert: (trait >> selector) methodClass identicalTo: trait ] ]
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testTraitsUsersSanity [
"This documents bug path_to_url"
Smalltalk allClassesAndTraits do: [ :each | self assert: (each traits allSatisfy: [ :t | t traitUsers includes: each ]) ].
Smalltalk globals allTraits do: [ :each | self assert: (each traitUsers allSatisfy: [ :b | b traits includes: each ]) ]
]
{ #category : 'tests' }
TraitTest >> testUsingTraitInAnonymousSubClassAndRedefiningIt [
| t1 aClass |
t1 := self newTrait: #T1 with: #().
aClass := Smalltalk anonymousClassInstaller make: [ :builder |
builder superclass: Object.
builder traitComposition: t1.
].
self deny: (Object subclasses includes: aClass).
t1 := t1 classInstaller
update: t1
to: [ :aBuilder |
aBuilder
slots: #(aSlot);
package: self packageNameForTests;
beTrait ].
self assert: (aClass hasSlotNamed: #aSlot).
self deny: (Object subclasses includes: aClass)
]
``` |
The Aerodyne Systems Vector is a family of American ultralight aircraft that was designed by Berndt Petterson, Mike McCarron and Paul Yarnell and produced by Aerodyne Systems, introduced in 1982. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.
Design and development
The Vector owes many of its design concepts to the earlier Hill Humbug and was later to inspire and influence the Ultralight Flight Mirage.
The Vector was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, V-tail, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its 80% double-surface span wing is supported by cables running from an inverted "V" kingpost. The landing gear's nose wheel is not steerable and a small tail caster is provided. The pilot is accommodated on an open seat, without a windshield. The engine is mounted at the wing's leading edge and powers the trailing edge-mounted pusher propeller through an extension shaft.
The Vector series was very popular in its day and a great number were produced.
Variants
Vector 600
Initial model, with a two-axis control system, powered by two Chrysler engines.
Vector 610
Improved model, with a structurally strengthened airframe, enlarged spoilers, elliptical wing tip extensions and powered by a single Zenoah G-25B single cylinder, two-stroke engine.
Vector 627
Powered by a single single cylinder, two-stroke Rotax 277 engine.
Vector 627 SR
Powered by a single single cylinder, two-stroke Rotax 377 engine.
Specifications (Vector 610)
References
External links
Photo of Vector 610
1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Vector 600
V-tail aircraft |
Rusty Barrett is an American linguist and Professor of Linguistics at the University of Kentucky. With Kira Hall, he is the editor of the Oxford Handbook on Language and Sexuality. His work has primarily focused on Mayan Languages and Language, Gender and Sexuality.
Education and research
Barrett earned a B.A. in Russian language and literature from Trinity University, in San Antonio, Texas, and he received both an M.A. and Ph.D. (1999) in Linguistics from the University of Texas at Austin. His Ph.D. dissertation is titled, A grammar of Sipakapense Maya.
He co-convened the Linguistic Society of America Summer Institute at the University of Kentucky in 2017.
Honors
Barrett received the Arnold Zwicky Award from the Linguistic Society of America in 2022.
Barrett was senior editor of Oxford Research Review in Linguistics 2012–2015, served on the editorial board of Journal of English Linguistics 2007–2015, Gender and Language 2011–2020, and Western Journal of Communication 2014.
Selected publications
Books
Barrett, Rusty. 2017. From drag queens to leathermen: Language, gender, and gay male subcultures. Oxford University Press. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390179.001.0001
Edited books
Hall, Kira; Barrett, Rusty, eds. 2018. Language and sexuality. Oxford Handbooks Online.
References
External links
Rusty Barrett's home page (as of June 2023)
Linguists from the United States
American academics
Trinity University (Texas) alumni
University of Texas at Austin alumni
University of Kentucky faculty
Living people
American LGBT scientists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```cmake
# *******************************************************************************
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# *******************************************************************************
if(blas_cmake_included)
return()
endif()
set(blas_cmake_included true)
include("cmake/options.cmake")
# Retains existing functionality of _DNNL_USE_MKL
if(_DNNL_USE_MKL)
set(DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR "MKL")
endif()
if(DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR STREQUAL "NONE")
return()
endif()
if (NOT "${DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "^(NONE|MKL|OPENBLAS|ARMPL|ACCELERATE|ANY)$")
message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR: ${DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR}.")
endif()
if (NOT "${DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "^(NONE|ARMPL|ACCELERATE)$")
message(WARNING "Use of DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR=${DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR} is not "
"recommended. This vendor is supported for performance analysis purposes only.")
endif()
macro(expect_arch_or_generic arch)
if(NOT "${DNNL_TARGET_ARCH}" MATCHES "^(${arch}|ARCH_GENERIC)$")
message(FATAL_ERROR "DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR=${DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR} is not supported "
"for DNNL_TARGET_ARCH=${DNNL_TARGET_ARCH}.")
return()
endif()
endmacro()
# Check chosen DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR is supported and set BLA_VENDOR accordingly
set(CBLAS_HEADERS "cblas.h")
if(DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR STREQUAL "MKL")
expect_arch_or_generic("X64")
set(BLA_VENDOR "Intel10_64_dyn")
set(CBLAS_HEADERS "mkl_cblas.h")
elseif(DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR STREQUAL "OPENBLAS")
set(BLA_VENDOR "OpenBLAS")
elseif(DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR STREQUAL "ACCELERATE")
set(BLA_VENDOR "Apple")
set(CBLAS_HEADERS "Accelerate.h")
elseif(DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR STREQUAL "ARMPL")
set(CBLAS_HEADERS "armpl.h")
expect_arch_or_generic("AARCH64")
if(DNNL_CPU_RUNTIME STREQUAL "OMP")
set(BLA_VENDOR "Arm_mp")
else()
set(BLA_VENDOR "Arm")
endif()
endif()
find_package(BLAS REQUIRED)
if(BLAS_FOUND)
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS}")
list(APPEND EXTRA_SHARED_LIBS BLAS::BLAS)
# Check that the BLAS library supports the CBLAS interface.
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES "${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS};${BLAS_LIBRARIES}")
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${BLAS_COMPILER_FLAGS}")
# Find and include accompanying cblas.h
list(GET BLAS_LIBRARIES 0 FIRST_BLAS_LIB)
get_filename_component(BLAS_LIB_DIR ${FIRST_BLAS_LIB} PATH)
find_path(BLAS_INCLUDE_DIR ${CBLAS_HEADERS} $ENV{CPATH} ${BLAS_LIB_DIR}/../include ${BLAS_LIB_DIR}/../../include)
include_directories(${BLAS_INCLUDE_DIR})
# Check we have a working CBLAS interface
unset(CBLAS_WORKS CACHE)
check_function_exists(cblas_sgemm CBLAS_WORKS)
if(NOT CBLAS_WORKS)
message(FATAL_ERROR "BLAS library does not support CBLAS interface.")
endif()
check_function_exists(cblas_sbgemm BLAS_HAS_SBGEMM)
if(BLAS_HAS_SBGEMM)
add_definitions(-DBLAS_HAS_SBGEMM)
endif()
message(STATUS "Found CBLAS: ${BLAS_LIBRARIES}")
message(STATUS "CBLAS include path: ${BLAS_INCLUDE_DIR}")
add_definitions(-DUSE_CBLAS)
if (DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR STREQUAL "MKL")
add_definitions(-DUSE_MKL)
endif()
if (DNNL_BLAS_VENDOR STREQUAL "ACCELERATE")
add_definitions(-DUSE_ACCELERATE)
endif()
endif()
``` |
The Million Women Study is a study of women’s health analysing data from more than one million women aged 50 and over, led by Dame Valerie Beral and a team of researchers at the Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford. It is a collaborative project between Cancer Research UK and the National Health Service (NHS), with additional funding from the Medical Research Council (UK).
One key focus of the study relates to the effects of hormone replacement therapy use on women's health. The study has confirmed the findings in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) that women currently using HRT are more likely to develop breast cancer than those who are not using HRT.
Results from the Million Women Study, together with those of the WHI trial from the USA, have influenced national policy, including recent recommendations on the prescribing and use of hormone replacement therapy from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and from the Commission on Human Medicines.
Study design
The Million Women Study is a multi-centre, population-based prospective cohort study of women aged 50 and over invited to routine breast cancer screening in the UK. Between 1996 and 2001, women were invited to join the Million Women Study when they received their invitation to attend breast screening at one of 66 participating NHS Breast Screening Centres in the UK. At these centres, women received a study questionnaire with their invitation, which they were asked to complete and return at the time of screening. Around 70% of those attending the programme returned questionnaires and agreed to take part in the study, over 1 in 4 women in the UK in the target age group. The Million Women Study is the largest study of its kind in the world.
Aims
The Million Women Study was set up with the aim of recruiting 1,000,000 women in the UK into a cohort study, to provide answers to the following questions:
What effects do combined estrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) preparations have on breast cancer risk?
Are breast cancers detected at screening in women who have used HRT or oral contraceptives different in terms of size and invasiveness from the cancers detected in women who have never used these hormones?
How does HRT use affect the efficacy of breast cancer screening?
How does HRT use affect mortality from breast cancer and other conditions?
Findings
HRT and breast cancer
Initial analysis of the results from over 1 million women in the Million Women Study appeared to confirm preliminary findings from other studies at the turn of the century finding that women currently using progestin-estrogen HRT were more likely to develop breast cancer than those who are not using HRT. This initial analysis received extensive press coverage. The initial reading of results showed that this effect is substantially greater for combined (estrogen-progestogen) HRT than for estrogen-only HRT; and that the effects were similar for all specific types and doses of estrogen and progestogen, for oral, transdermal and implanted HRT, and for continuous and sequential patterns of use. Current users of estrogen-progestogen HRT were at 2 fold increased risk of developing breast cancer, and current users of estrogen-only HRT appeared to have a 1.3 fold risk. Use of HRT by women aged 50–64 in the UK in the decade from 1993-2003 was estimated to have caused 20,000 extra breast cancers. Past users were not seen as having increased risk.
A reanalysis refuting the initial conclusion that HRT increased the risk of breast cancer, was published in a 2012 paper in the Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. The paper's authors, led by Samuel Shapiro of the University of Cape Town, claimed that the study had not in fact establish a causal relationship between HRT and breast cancer, and that the original analysis had been flawed.
HRT and uterine cancer
It is well known that post-menopausal women who have not had a hysterectomy are at increased risk of cancer of the endometrium (the lining of the womb) if they take estrogen-only HRT. Follow up of over 700 000 women in the Million Women Study confirmed this and showed that the risk of endometrial cancer is also increased in women who take tibolone; but is not altered, or may even be reduced, in women taking combined estrogen-progestogen HRT. These effects depend also on a woman’s body mass index (BMI, a measure of obesity) such that adverse effects of tibolone and estrogen-only HRT are greatest in thinner women, and the beneficial effects of combined HRT are greatest in fatter women.
HRT and ovarian cancer
Results of the study show a small increase in risk of ovarian cancer in women taking HRT. Such an increased risk had been suspected from some previous studies, and has now been confirmed with the larger numbers available in this study. The findings come from analyses on 948,576 post-menopausal women in the study, followed up for about 5 years. Women currently taking HRT were at higher risk of developing and of dying from ovarian cancer than women not using HRT. Past users were not at increased risk. The risk in current users was increased about 1.2 fold; for every 1000 women using HRT, 2.6 developed ovarian cancer over 5 years, compared with 2.2 in those not taking HRT. The risk was the same for estrogen-only, combined estrogen-progestogen and other types of HRT (including tibolone) and did not vary by specific type of estrogen or progestogen, or between oral and transdermal (patch) administration.
These results are equivalent to one extra case of ovarian cancer for every 2500 women taking HRT, and one extra death from ovarian cancer per 3300 women taking HRT, over 5 years. Publishers of these studies say that the results need to be looked at in the context of the other risks and benefits of HRT. In particular, an estimation of the overall effect of HRT use on three common cancers in women: breast cancer, endometrial (womb) cancer and ovarian cancer. Together, these cancers account for about 4 in 10 cancers in women in the UK. According to the findings, in women aged 50–69, about 19 of these cancers will develop over 5 years in every 1000 women not taking HRT. In women taking HRT the estimate is for the number of cancers to be increased to about 31. The overall increased risk is higher in women using combined estrogen-progestogen HRT than in women using estrogen-only HRT because most of the overall increase is due to an increase in breast cancer, and users of combined HRT have a higher risk of breast cancer than users of estrogen-only HRT.
Alcohol and cancer
The study has also found that low to moderate alcohol consumption increases the risk of a variety of types of cancer in women, including breast cancer.
Public health influence
Results from the Million Women Study, together with those from other studies such as the Women’s Health Initiative trial from the USA, have influenced national policy, including recent recommendations on the prescribing and use of hormone replacement therapy from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and from the Commission on Human Medicines.
Public awareness of the study and its findings has led to significant behavioural changes, predominately resulting in the swift decline of HRT prescriptions throughout Europe and the US from 2003. In contrast to the increase in HRT prescriptions between 1991 and 1996, which remained stable through to 2001, sales of HRT fell by 50% between 2002 and 2005 following the publication of the Million Women Study and the Women's Health Initiative study.
A number of recent studies have shown that the Million Women Study continues to impact women’s health and behavioural patterns in Europe. Research examining breast cancer incidence trends in Sweden between 1997 and 2007, showed that the prevalence of HRT use in women aged 50–59 years decreased from a peak of 36% in 1999 to 9% in 2007, a parallel decrease in incidence of breast cancer was also reported between 2003 and 2007. A recent report assessing breast cancer incidence in Belgium between 2007 and 2008 also showed a significant drop in breast cancer incidence attributed to the decrease in HRT use in Belgium during and leading up 2008.
References
External links
http://www.millionwomenstudy.org/publications
http://www.millionwomenstudy.org/publications_other
Million Women Study - Collaborators
British medical research
Cohort studies
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
Organisations associated with the University of Oxford
Science and technology in Oxfordshire |
Hargrave is an unincorporated community in Rush County, Kansas, United States. It is located approximately 7 miles west of La Crosse on the north side of K-4 highway next to the Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad.
History
Hargrave had a post office between the 1890s and 1950.
Education
The community is served by La Crosse USD 395 public school district.
References
Further reading
External links
Hargrave - a Dead Town in Rush County, Kansas Agland
Rush County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Unincorporated communities in Rush County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas |
Indra Nath Bhagat is an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Lohardaga, Bihar in the Lok Sabha the lower house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.
References
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand
Indian National Congress politicians
1946 births
Living people
People from Lohardaga district |
Giran may refer to:
Giran County, a county in Taiwan
Giran City, capital of the Taiwanese county of the same name
Giran (film), an Egyptian film
Giran (My Hero Academia), a character in the manga series My Hero Academia |
```objective-c
/*
Ticker.h - esp32 library that calls functions periodically
Based on the original work of:
The original version is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef TICKER_H
#define TICKER_H
extern "C" {
#include "esp_timer.h"
}
#include <functional>
class Ticker {
public:
Ticker();
~Ticker();
typedef void (*callback_with_arg_t)(void *);
typedef std::function<void(void)> callback_function_t;
void attach(float seconds, callback_function_t callback) {
_callback_function = std::move(callback);
_attach_us(1000000ULL * seconds, true, _static_callback, this);
}
void attach_ms(uint64_t milliseconds, callback_function_t callback) {
_callback_function = std::move(callback);
_attach_us(1000ULL * milliseconds, true, _static_callback, this);
}
void attach_us(uint64_t micros, callback_function_t callback) {
_callback_function = std::move(callback);
_attach_us(micros, true, _static_callback, this);
}
template<typename TArg> void attach(float seconds, void (*callback)(TArg), TArg arg) {
static_assert(sizeof(TArg) <= sizeof(void *), "attach() callback argument size must be <= sizeof(void*)");
// C-cast serves two purposes:
// static_cast for smaller integer types,
// reinterpret_cast + const_cast for pointer types
_attach_us(1000000ULL * seconds, true, reinterpret_cast<callback_with_arg_t>(callback), reinterpret_cast<void *>(arg));
}
template<typename TArg> void attach_ms(uint64_t milliseconds, void (*callback)(TArg), TArg arg) {
static_assert(sizeof(TArg) <= sizeof(void *), "attach() callback argument size must be <= sizeof(void*)");
_attach_us(1000ULL * milliseconds, true, reinterpret_cast<callback_with_arg_t>(callback), reinterpret_cast<void *>(arg));
}
template<typename TArg> void attach_us(uint64_t micros, void (*callback)(TArg), TArg arg) {
static_assert(sizeof(TArg) <= sizeof(void *), "attach() callback argument size must be <= sizeof(void*)");
_attach_us(micros, true, reinterpret_cast<callback_with_arg_t>(callback), reinterpret_cast<void *>(arg));
}
void once(float seconds, callback_function_t callback) {
_callback_function = std::move(callback);
_attach_us(1000000ULL * seconds, false, _static_callback, this);
}
void once_ms(uint64_t milliseconds, callback_function_t callback) {
_callback_function = std::move(callback);
_attach_us(1000ULL * milliseconds, false, _static_callback, this);
}
void once_us(uint64_t micros, callback_function_t callback) {
_callback_function = std::move(callback);
_attach_us(micros, false, _static_callback, this);
}
template<typename TArg> void once(float seconds, void (*callback)(TArg), TArg arg) {
static_assert(sizeof(TArg) <= sizeof(void *), "attach() callback argument size must be <= sizeof(void*)");
_attach_us(1000000ULL * seconds, false, reinterpret_cast<callback_with_arg_t>(callback), reinterpret_cast<void *>(arg));
}
template<typename TArg> void once_ms(uint64_t milliseconds, void (*callback)(TArg), TArg arg) {
static_assert(sizeof(TArg) <= sizeof(void *), "attach() callback argument size must be <= sizeof(void*)");
_attach_us(1000ULL * milliseconds, false, reinterpret_cast<callback_with_arg_t>(callback), reinterpret_cast<void *>(arg));
}
template<typename TArg> void once_us(uint64_t micros, void (*callback)(TArg), TArg arg) {
static_assert(sizeof(TArg) <= sizeof(void *), "attach() callback argument size must be <= sizeof(void*)");
_attach_us(micros, false, reinterpret_cast<callback_with_arg_t>(callback), reinterpret_cast<void *>(arg));
}
void detach();
bool active() const;
protected:
static void _static_callback(void *arg);
callback_function_t _callback_function = nullptr;
esp_timer_handle_t _timer;
private:
void _attach_us(uint64_t micros, bool repeat, callback_with_arg_t callback, void *arg);
};
#endif // TICKER_H
``` |
John Evan Richards (July 7, 1856 – June 25, 1932) was an American attorney who served as an associate justice of the California Supreme Court from 1924 until 1932.
Biography
Richards was born on July 7, 1856, to Richard Evan Richards and Mary Hamilton in San Jose, California, where he attended the public schools. He obtained his undergraduate degree from University of the Pacific in 1877 and his law degree from the University of Michigan Law School in 1879.
After graduation, Richards practiced law in San Francisco and San Jose with the firm of Moore, Lane & Leib, where future Justice William Langdon was later employed as a law clerk. In January 1904, Richards was elected a trustee of the newly formed Santa Clara Bar Association.
In September 1907, Governor James Gillett appointed Richards as judge of the Santa Clara Superior Court to fill the vacancy from the resignation due to age of Augustus Rhodes.
In October 1913, Governor Hiram Johnson elevated Richards to the First District Court of Appeal, replacing Samuel P. Hall who died in office. In October 1914, Richards won election to the remainder of Hall's unexpired term. From 1913 to 1916, he lectured at Santa Clara University School of Law.
On February 11, 1924, Governor Friend Richardson appointed Richards as an associate justice of the California Supreme Court to fill the vacant seat of Frank H. Kerrigan. In November 1924, Richards won election to the remainder of Kerrigan's unexpired term. His last opinion, Parra v. Traeger (1931) was filed on December 31, 1931. He died in office on June 25, 1932. Governor James Rolph appointed Ira F. Thompson to take the vacant seat.
Honors and activities
Richards served as a trustee of the University of the Pacific, which in 1914 awarded him an honorary Master of Arts. In 1924, the University of Michigan conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. In his spare time, he wrote editorials, essays and poetry.
Personal life
On November 3, 1881, Richards married Mary Westphal in San Jose, California. They had two sons: John P. Richards and Donald W. Richards.
See also
List of justices of the Supreme Court of California
References
External links
John E. Richards In Memoriam. 215 Cal. Rpts. 777 (1932). California Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
Past & Present Justices. California Court of Appeal, First District. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
1856 births
1932 deaths
University of the Pacific (United States) alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
Lawyers from San Jose, California
Justices of the Supreme Court of California
People from Alameda County, California
California State University alumni
Superior court judges in the United States
Lawyers from San Francisco
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
California Republicans |
WONDER MOMO-i〜New recording〜 is the third CD single by Haruko Momoi. The album is inspired by and utilizes the themes from the video game Wonder Momo, and the title itself is a pun from Haruko's own surname "Momoi." Haruko herself cosplays the main character, Momo, for the album cover as well as during concert performances. The title track is also featured as a playable song in the PS2 game Taiko no Tatsujin: Tobikkiri! ANIME SPECIAL.
Track listing
"WONDER MOMO-i〜New recording〜"
"ONCE UPON A TIME〜Fairy story〜"
"WONDER MOMO-i〜New recording〜 (original karaoke)"
"ONCE UPON A TIME〜Fairy story〜 (original karaoke)"
References
Haruko Momoi songs |
Chalampé (; ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France, just across the river Rhine from Neuenburg, Germany.
The town was founded by soldiers of Marshal Dubourg who in 1709 had beaten the Austrians under Count Claude Florimond de Mercy in the War of the Spanish Succession. It is located in an area called Eichwald (oak forest) by the otherwise German-speaking population of the Alsace, and bears its French name since 1735. Before Johann Gottfried Tulla and others straightened the Rhine in the 19th century, the river had changed its course several times, moving the border. Thus, the village was sometimes considered to be part of Germany.
See also
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
References
External links
Official website
Communes of Haut-Rhin |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="path_to_url"
android:shape="oval">
<size
android:width="6dp"
android:height="6dp"/>
<solid android:color="@android:color/white"/>
</shape>
``` |
Streptomyces tritolerans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Karnataka in India.
See also
List of Streptomyces species
References
Further reading
External links
Type strain of Streptomyces tritolerans at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
tritolerans
Bacteria described in 2009 |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.shardingsphere.test.it.sql.parser.internal.cases.parser.jaxb.statement.ddl;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.test.it.sql.parser.internal.cases.parser.jaxb.SQLParserTestCase;
/**
* Drop domain statement test case.
*/
public final class DropDomainStatementTestCase extends SQLParserTestCase {
}
``` |
Eddie Kidd Jump Challenge is a stunt bike video game released for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Commodore 64, MSX and ZX Spectrum first released in 1984, licensed by British stunt performer, Eddie Kidd.
Gameplay
The player takes the role of Eddie Kidd and must make a series of jumps. Like the real Kidd, the player must start by jumping a BMX over oil barrels and work up to jumping cars on a motorbike.
The player starts by riding away from the jump to get a big enough run up. They then must set the correct speed, correctly selecting gears, to hit the ramp with enough speed to clear the obstacles but not too much to miss the landing ramp. While in the air, the player can lean forward or back to land correctly.
Development and release
The game was first released in late 1984 for the ZX Spectrum published by Software Communications' Martech label. This version was ported to the MSX in 1985. A similar version was released for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron and a modified version of the game (with a much more zoomed in camera angle and no on screen display) released for the Commodore 64, also in 1985.
The game cassette came with a sticker and numbered competition entry card which could be used to win prizes including BMX bikes, computers and TVs.
The game was reissued at a budget price as part of Mastertronic's Ricochet label in 1987.
Reception
Crash gave the game an overall score of 56% concluding it is "a good simulation, but as a game not over exciting and not particularly addictive". The difficulty curve was criticised with the early BMX-based levels, which can not be skipped, described as "a doddle" and once the skill has been mastered, the game holds no challenge. Clare Edgeley of Sinclair User agreed that having to replay the BMX section after failing the more advanced jumps "seems a waste of time" and gave a similar score of 6/10.
Computer and Video Games gave scores between 7/10 and 8/10, particularly praising the zoomed in graphics and improved sound of the Commodore 64 version calling them "superb - outshining the Spectrum game by miles".
External links
References
1984 video games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Commodore 64 games
Motorcycle video games
MSX games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games
Martech games
Single-player video games |
IEC connectors are electrical power connectors specified by IEC standards.
The term may refer to connectors specified by:
IEC 62196, for electric vehicles
IEC 60309, for industrial purposes
IEC 60320, for appliance coupling, up to 250 V AC
IEC 60906-1, up to 250 V AC
IEC 60906-2, up to 125 V AC
IEC 60906-3, safety extra-low voltage, 6 V, 12 V, 24 V, 48 V AC and DC |
```swift
//
// SshApprovalsViewController.swift
// MacBox
//
// Created by Strongbox on 17/07/2023.
//
import Cocoa
class SshApprovalsViewController: NSViewController, NSTableViewDataSource, NSTableViewDelegate {
@IBOutlet var tableView: NSTableView!
var datasource: [SSHAgentApproval] = []
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
tableView.register(NSNib(nibNamed: NSNib.Name(GenericAutoLayoutTableViewCell.NibIdentifier.rawValue), bundle: nil), forIdentifier: GenericAutoLayoutTableViewCell.NibIdentifier)
datasource = SSHAgentRequestHandler.shared.approvals
tableView.dataSource = self
tableView.delegate = self
}
func numberOfRows(in _: NSTableView) -> Int {
datasource.count
}
func tableView(_ tableView: NSTableView, viewFor tableColumn: NSTableColumn?, row: Int) -> NSView? {
let cell = tableView.makeView(withIdentifier: GenericAutoLayoutTableViewCell.NibIdentifier, owner: nil) as! GenericAutoLayoutTableViewCell
guard let approval = datasource[safe: row] else {
return cell
}
if tableColumn?.identifier.rawValue == "Process" {
cell.title.stringValue = String(format: "%@", approval.processName)
} else {
if case let .timed(time: timestamp) = approval.expiry {
cell.title.stringValue = (timestamp as NSDate).friendlyDateTimeStringPrecise
} else {
cell.title.stringValue = NSLocalizedString("ssh_agent_remember_approval_until_strongbox_quits", comment: "until Strongbox quits")
}
}
return cell
}
}
``` |
Razi University (, Daneshgah-e Razi) is a public university based in Kermanshah, Iran. The school's Science and Engineering Departments attract many Iranian high school graduates as well as many graduate school applicants from all over Iran with a majority admitted from western provinces.
The university has almost 13,000 students, enrolled in several bachelor's (B.A., B.S.), master's (M.A., M.S.), and Ph.D. programs.
Name
The university is named after Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (also known by his Latinized name Rhazes), one of the most outstanding Iranian scholars of the third century. He was considered one of the finest clinical physicians and thinkers of Islam and the Middle Ages and a man with good morals who often helped those in need.
History
The University's first faculty, the Faculty of Science, was first founded in 1972 by Dr. Abdolali Gouya. At the beginning of 1972-73 academic year and with 200 students in physics, chemistry, biology, and math, the university and the faculty formally began working.
With the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine in Kermanshah, Faculty of Teacher Training in Sanandaj, and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Ilam, Razi University expanded; after the Islamic Revolution, the aforementioned faculties separated into Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, University of Kurdistan, and University of Ilam, respectively.
Faculties
Razi University currently comprises 12 faculties and campuses:
Faculty of Literature and Humanities
Faculty of Literature and Humanities was established in 1988 on the current location of the Faculty of Social Sciences, with only Persian Language and Literature as program. With expansion of the faculty and introduction of new schools, and independence of the Faculty of Social Sciences in 2007, the faculty moved to its current location on Taq-e Bostan campus. The faculty includes seven departments:
Department of Theology
Department of Persian Language and Literature
Department of Arabic Language and Literature
Department of English Language and Literature
Department of Geography
Department of Islamic Studies
Department of Law, History and Archaeology
Faculty of Chemistry
The Faculty of Chemistry was founded as Department of Chemistry in 1974 on the Faculty of Science campus. The faculty has seven departments:
Department of Organic Chemistry
Department of Applied Chemistry
Department of Analytical Chemistry
Department of Inorganic Chemistry
Department of Physical Chemistry
Department of Nano Science and Technology
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science
Faculty of Science
This faculty was founded as the first faculty of the Razi University in 1972.
Department of Statistics
Department of Mathematics
Department of Biology
Department of Physics
Faculty of Social Sciences
It was separated from Literature and Humanities in 2007 and is currently located on 3 hectares (7.4 acres) campus in Beheshti Boulevard, and includes eight departments:
Department of Political Science
Department of Economy
Department of Social Science
Department of Consulting
Department of Information and Knowledge Science
Department of Psychology
Department of Entrepreneurship and Management
Department of Accounting
Faculty of Engineering
The construction of the Faculty of Engineering started in 1989 was commissioned in 1992. It includes:
School of Chemical Engineering
School of Civil Engineering
School of Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Architectural Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Materials and Textile Engineering
Faculty of Advanced Technology and Science
Department of Advanced Computer Systems Engineering
Department of Nanobiotechnology
Department of Interdisciplinary Science
Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources
The Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources is among the oldest parts of Razi University, which started its activities as an agricultural school in 1981. Following the expansion of departments and majors, it was promoted to a faculty, and in 2011 it became a campus with three schools:
School of Science and Agricultural Engineering
Department of Water Engineering
Department of Animal Science
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics
School of Agriculture
Department of Biosystems Mechanical Engineering
Department of Phytopathology
Department of Soil Science and Engineering
Department of Natural Resources
Department of Training and Promotion of Agriculture
School of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Clinical Science
Department of Basic Science and Pathobiology
Javanrud Campus of Management
Department of Business Administration
Department of Financial Management
Department of Accountig
Sonqor Campus of Agriculture
Department of Biosystems Mechanics Engineering
Department of Agricultural Mechanization Engineering
Department of Food Industry Machinery Engineering
Eslamabad Campus of Engineering
Department of Industrial Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering
Department of Architectural Engineering
Research and Educational Centers
At present, Razi University comprises following centers:
Razi Center for Architectural and Urban Planning Studies (RCAUPS)
Center for Urban Studies (CUS)
APA Center for Cybersecurity Incidents
Razi University Language Center (RULC)
Razi University Language Proficiency Test (RULPT)
Enterprise Architecture Lab (EAL)
Cloud Computing Research Center (CCRC)
Center for Environmental Studies (CES)
Razi Institute for Telecom Research (RITR)
International Journals
Advanced Technologies in Water Efficiency
Advances in Nanochemistry
Aging Psychology
Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops
Biodiversity and Animal Taxonomy
Cereal Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Geography and Sustainability of Environment
International Political Economy Studies
Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater
Journal of Catalyst and Reaction Engineering
Journal of Workbook of Literary Texts in the Iraqi Period
Mesopotamian Political Studies
Public Sector Economics
Research in Comparative Literature
Research on Fictional Literature
Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
See also
List of Iranian Research Centers
Higher education in Iran
Academy of Gundishapur
Nizamiyyah
Darolfonoon
List of Iranian scientists from the pre-modern era.
Modern Iranian scientists and engineers
Education in Iran
National Library of Iran
References
External links
Official website
Universities in Iran
Educational institutions established in 1972
Education in Kermanshah Province
Buildings and structures in Kermanshah |
Alona Tal Franco (; born 9 March 2009) is an Israeli rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2023 Junior World champion with hoop and silver medalist in team. On national level, she is the 2022 Israeli Junior All-around champion.
Career
In June 2022, Franco was selected for her first European Championships in Tel Aviv, Israel, winning gold in team with Daniela Munits, Michelle Munits, and Lian Rona, as well as bronze with hoop behind Elvira Krasnobaeva and Liliana Lewinska.
In July 2023, she competed at the Junior World Championships in Cluj-Napoca, where she became world champion with hoop and won silver in teams alongside Lian Rona, Regina Polishchuk, Yael Aloni Goldblatt and the junior national group.
Routine music information
References
External links
2009 births
Living people
Israeli rhythmic gymnasts
Medalists at the Junior World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
Medalists at the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships |
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