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Cascade Plaza is an open space with plantings and pedestrian walkways in Akron, Ohio. It was developed in the late 1960s as part of an urban renewal project that also included construction of two high rises. As of 2013 plans were going forward for a major overhaul.
Location
The plaza was built on the site of a five-story flour mill built by Dr. Eliakim Crosby in 1831. A diversion dam was built on the Little Cuyahoga River in Middlebury, from which a canal brought water south down the present Main Street, turning right at Mill Street to deliver power to the mill at Lock Five, where the plaza's hotel is now. The canal also powered other factories. The hamlet of Cascade grew up in the area, with a population of 128 by July 1833, compared to 329 for Akron.
The Flatiron Building, a seven-story low rise built in 1907 and demolished in 1967 also stood on the site.
Plaza
The plaza lies on the west side of South Main Street, and forms the roof of a five-level underground parking lot.
Lawrence Halprin planned the Cascade Plaza. It was a major urban renewal project covering and featuring a central skating rink.
The plaza has a fountain sculpture designed by Don Drumm and erected in 1968, overleaf, stainless steel rods with anodized, cast aluminum panels.
Buildings
There are four buildings on the site, linked at the ground level by the plaza: Akron City Center Hotel, Cascade I, Cascade III and Huntington Tower.
The hotel (formerly the Radisson Hotel Akron City Centre) is a 19-story modernist high rise complete in 1969.
Cascade I, at One Cascade Plaza and 140 South Main Street, is also called the PNC Center.
It is a 23-story steel high-rise completed in 1969.
Three Cascade Plaza is a seven-story concrete low-rise, also completed in 1969.
Huntington Tower, at 106 South Main Street, is a 27-story steel tower with an art deco brick facade completed in 1931.
Plans
In October 2013 the Akron City Council voted to approve a complete overhaul of the plaza, partly funded by the city and partly by FirstMerit Corporation, a bank. The plan was to demolish the concrete plaza, then reseal the deck and convert it to green space, open to the street. The new space would have plants, benches and tables.
References
Citations
Sources
Squares in the United States
Geography of Akron, Ohio
Squares in Ohio |
The passenger coaches of the Great Western Railway (GWR) were many and varied, ranging from four and six-wheeled vehicles for the original broad gauge line of 1838, through to bogie coaches up to long which were in service through to 1947. Vacuum brakes, bogies and through-corridors all came into use during the nineteenth century, and in 1900 the first electrically lit coaches were put into service. The 1920s saw some vehicles fitted with automatic couplings and steel bodies.
Early vehicles were built by a number of independent companies, but in 1844 the railway started to build carriages at Swindon railway works, which eventually provided most of the railway's stock. Special vehicles included sleeping cars, restaurant cars and slip coaches. Passengers were also carried in railmotors, autotrains, and diesel railcars. Passenger-rated vans carried parcels, horses, and milk and at express speeds.
Most coaches were painted in a chocolate brown and cream livery, although this did change over the years, however they were plain brown or red until 1864 and from 1908 to 1922. Parcels vans and similar vehicles were seldom painted in the two-colour livery, being plain brown or red instead, which caused them to be known as "brown vehicles".
History
Pre 1900s
Early GWR carriages, in common with other railways at the time, were typically wooden vehicles based on stagecoach practice and built on short, rigid six-wheel (or sometimes four-wheel) underframes, although the broad gauge allowed wider bodies with more people seated in each compartment. Three classes were provided, although third class carriages were not conveyed in every train and, for the first few years, were little more than open trucks with rudimentary seats. Some rigid eight-wheeled carriages were produced but vacuum brakes and bogies made an appearance before the end of the broad gauge in 1892.
The first train in the United Kingdom with corridor connections between all carriages entered service on 7 March 1890 on the Paddington to Birkenhead route, and further corridor trains were introduced on all the main routes over the next few years. In 1900, a new Milford Boat Train set introduced electric lights and the communication cord was moved inside the train; until now a passenger needing to stop the train in an emergency had to lean out of the window and pull a cord above the door. At this time carriages generally had a clerestory roof but elliptical roofs were fitted to the GWR steam rail motors in 1903.
1903-1930
The GWR always had an in-built loading gauge advantage over the other British railways, in that some of its infrastructure was originally designed for (7 ft ¼ in) broad gauge dimensions. After switching to , the GWR had extra space in which it could design and deploy larger-scale rolling stock on former broad gauge lines such as from London to Plymouth and Penzance..
The first carriage stock to take advantage of both advantages were the 1904 Dreadnought stock, with:
Length of , when standard loading gauge carriages that were able to traverse the entire railway in Great Britain were a maximum of
Width of , when standard loading gauge was a maximum of . To keep within GWR loading gauge restrictions, the end doors were inset to the vestibules
The "Dreadnought" was also the first GWR carriage with internal compartment doors, but as these did not go down well with the travelling public, the next design reverted to external compartment doors. The Concertina design of 1906/7 reverted to width but retained the length. The doors were recessed into the body side rather than flush with the outer panels, and as each carriage was placed in a fixed-set, the company had fitted bellows-like material connections between carriages to smooth the airflow.
The GWR most successful and iconic design was the Toplight stock of 1907, which gained its name through the small "lights" or windows above the main windows. The "Toplight" reverted to a standard loading gauge pattern with lengths of up to but always wide. Coaches panelled in steel rather than wood first appeared in 1912.
The next significant change came in 1922 when bow-ended stock was introduced in both 57 ft and 70 ft lengths. Hitherto coaches had featured flat ends but bow ends were easier to fit with Buckeye couplings that were then finding favour with passenger trains in the United Kingdom. These coaches were generally more plain than earlier vehicles as they had flush sides without beaded panels.
Unlike other railways which were highly dependent on commuters, the GWR had not introduced any high-capacity articulated sets until 1925, which due to their lack of flexibility in use were seen by Swindon as a failure. From 1929 coaches had windows flush with the body panels, the first such sets being for the Cornish Riviera Express but general service coaches followed the following year, including the "B Sets", two-coach trains mainly used on branch lines.
1930s
With costs rising and revenues falling, General Manager Sir Felix Pole had told Chief Mechanical Engineer Charles Collett to develop more powerful economic designs, which lead to his adaption of his predecessor George Jackson Churchward's design, as opposed to the taking on board of new steam technology such as Sir William Stanier did at the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. Collett followed the same philosophy in his carriage design, improving or adapting as opposed to innovating.
In 1929, the GWR board approved the lease from Pullman Company of new Pullman Carriages for the "Ocean" special boat trains serving the passenger liners berthing at Plymouth. However, in 1929 the GWR Board approved Collett's proposed development of a larger and more accommodating carriage, as had been tried with the earlier "Dreadnoughts". In 1931 the first of the eight "Super Saloons" were built, also known as "Ocean Saloons".
In 1935, excursion stock with open saloons instead of compartments was introduced, followed by the 26 "Super-Saloon"-scale Centenary stock for the Cornish Riviera Express. From 1936 onwards, all new GWR main line stock had large windows to each compartment and entry-exit via the corridor and end vestibules, but it had taken Collett six years to do what the LMS and LNER had been doing since 1930.
A distinctive new profile appeared in 1944, when new CME Frederick Hawksworth introduced corridor coaches with domed roof-ends, although non-corridor coaches and auto trailers retained a more conventional roof. Fluorescent lights were tried in new coaches built in 1946.
Special carriages
A few sleeping cars were operated on the broad gauge and such carriages became familiar on overnight trains. Restaurant cars became practical following the introduction of corridor trains; the first cars in 1896 were for first class passengers only but a second class buffet car appeared on the Milford Boat Train in 1900. Slip coaches were operated on many routes that could be uncoupled from the rear of a moving train and serve intermediate stations that the train did not call at. During World War II some "Special Saloons" were built for the use of VIPs and for the Royal Train.
Livery
The livery of early carriages was a dark chocolate brown but from 1864 the upper panels were painted white which became a pale cream after being varnished and exposed to the weather. These panels were later painted in cream to give a similar effect. From 1908 carriages were painted chocolate brown all over but this changed to a red lake colour in 1912. A two-colour livery reappeared in 1922, now with a richer shade of cream on the upper panels and chocolate brown below. Certain vehicles such as parcels vans and horse boxes, which were allowed to run in passenger trains, were often painted in just chocolate brown when the passenger carrying coaches were in chocolate and cream, and so this non-passenger carrying coaching stock came to be known as "brown vehicles".
Numbering
Each class of carriage was initially numbered in its own series, starting at 1. This entailed renumbering any vehicles that were reclassified, for instance first class carriages downgraded to second class. To bring them all into one series in 1907 third class carriages were left with their original numbers; second class had 5000 added to their numbers; composites had 6000 added; first class had 8000 added; sleepers and saloons were renumbered in the 9000–9399 series; and catering cars were renumbered in the 9500 series.
Diagram codes
Diagram codes were introduced by George Jackson Churchward for easy reference to different carriage types. Each type could then be identified with a diagram that combined a letter (which represented a general type) and a number (which represented a distinctive design of that type ), for instance C3 or H16.
A – Bogie first class
B – Bogie second class
C – Bogie third class
D – Bogie brake third
E – Bogie composite
F – Slip
G – Saloon
H – Catering vehicle
J – Sleeping car
K – Brake van
L – Mail van
M – Bogie parcels van, etc.
N – Horse box
O – Milk van
P – Carriage truck
Q – Inspection saloon
R – First class
S – Third class (ex-second)
T – Brake third (ex second)
U – Composite
V – Brake van
W – Parcels van
Telegraphic codes
The GWR pioneered telegraphic communication in 1839, and a number of code words came to be used to represent various carriage types. The codes changed over the years as needs changed. Many of the codes could have an extra letter to identify variations, such as Scorpion C ( a carriage truck), or Scorpion D (a carriage truck). In 1939 the following codes were in use:
Beetle – special cattle truck
Bloater – covered fish truck
Catox – cattle box
Chafer – invalid carriage
Chintz – family carriage
Chub – third saloon
Cricket – composite carriage
Emmett – brake third carriage
First – first class carriage
Gnat – slip coach
Hydra – well truck for road vehicles
Melon – brake third carriage
Mex – cattle wagon
Monster – scenery truck
Paco – horse box
Python – covered carriage truck
Scorpion – carriage truck
Siphon – milk van
Snake – passenger brake van
Termite – third class carriage
References |
Olympic Hills is a neighborhood in the Lake City district of Seattle, Washington.
The architecture is very diverse, ranging from homes displaced from the Interstate 5 construction, to newer construction.
In 1935, Will Rogers played his last game of polo in this verdant neighborhood north of Seattle. The Olympic Riding Club with its Stables and Polo Field was located across the street from the Jackson Golf Course which was built in 1930. The field was between N.E.135th St. and N.E.137th St. along 15th Ave. N.E. to 20th Ave. N.E. It was surrounded by stately poplar trees and in the distance rose the green, rolling Olympic Hills. A monument to Will Rogers was placed at the field, but later moved to Albert Davis Park. Albert Davis Park is behind the Lake City Library which is a historic landmark. In the late 1930s, prior to the riding club being sold and divided into single family home lots, the suburbs were forming in the area and hill to the east from 21st to 27th St, from 135th to 140th Ave. NE was being subdivided and developed into an area advertised as Olympic Village. On Sunday, May 7, 1939 multiple lots were auctioned off for what was expected to cost $200-$300.
Thornton Creek runs through the neighborhood as it makes its way to Lake Washington. The Olympic Hills neighborhood is part of the Lake City district which includes the neighborhoods of Cedar Park, Matthews Beach, Meadowbrook, and Victory Heights.
Albert Davis Park, located in the Olympic Hills neighborhood, was a gift to the City of Seattle in 1964, it is named after Albert Davis, a Lake City community leader who died in 1971. Born in Buffalo, New York, in 1890, Davis was a charter member of the Lake City Vigilantes, a member of the Keystone Kops, originated the annual salmon barbecue with his Secret Seasoning, spearheaded the Lake City Pioneer Days celebration, was active in the Youth Center, and served as the unofficial goodwill "ambassador-mayor" of Lake City. He was awarded the Golden Acorn award by the PTA in 1971.
Homer Kelly, author of The Golfing Machine, taught golfing lessons at the Jackson Golf Course. He and his wife Rosella are buried at the Acacia Memorial Park which is north of Lake City. Golfers still practice at the public course and there is a perimeter trail where neighbors can enjoy a bit of nature in this urban neighborhood.
References
External links
Seattle City Clerk: Olympic Hills neighborhood |
Sanders Saurajen (born 20 June 2000) is a Singaporean footballer currently playing as a goalkeeper for Geylang International.
Club
Geylang International
He made his professional debut on 9 May 2021 against Lion City Sailors in the Singapore Premier League, after being selected by head coach Noor Ali the day before the match.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
References
2000 births
Living people
Singaporean men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Singapore Premier League players
Geylang International FC players |
The Police of Russia () is the national law-enforcement agency in Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs from . It was established by decree from Peter the Great and in 2011, replacing the Militsiya, the former police service.
It is the national police service of Russia that operates according to the law “On police” (Закон "о полиции"), as approved by the Federal Assembly, and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011, by then President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev.
History
The system was created to protect the public order and to fight against crime in the Russian Empire. It was re-organized on March 1, 2011, under the Russian Federation (except for existing structures not related to the Ministry of Internal Affairs).
16th century
In 1504, cheval de frise were installed in Moscow, under which the guards, drawn from the local population, were stationed. The city was divided into areas, between which gates with lattices were built. It was forbidden to move around the city at night or without lighting. Subsequently, the Grand Prince Ivan IV established patrols around Moscow for increased security.
The Sudebnik of Ivan IV transferred the cases "about guided robbers" to be under the jurisdiction of honorary elders. Before this, the Letters of Honor were like awards and were given by a petition of the population. These letters permitted local society to independently manage police work. In cities, police functions were guided by the mayor.
The Robber Administration was first mentioned in 1571 and existed continuously until the 18th century. Written sources from Moscow have mentioned the boyars and organized robbery since 1539. Konstantin Nevolin believed that the Robber Administration was a temporary commission established to end the robberies. However, since the robberies only intensified, the temporary commission turned into a standing committee, and thus, the Robber Administration remained.
17th century
By a decree on August 14, 1687, the affairs of the Robber Administration were transferred to the Zemsky administrations. In April 1649, Grand Prince Alexis issued a decree on the urban blessing system previously used. By decree in the White City (now known as Belgorod), a team was to be created under the leadership of Ivan Novikov and clerk Vikula Panov. The detachment was supposed to maintain safety and order, as well as protect against fire. They were betrayed by five lattice clerks and "one person from 10 yards" with roars, axes, and water pipes.
Police officers in large cities were called Zemsky Yaryg. The color of the uniforms varied between cities. In Moscow, officers were dressed in red and green clothes. On the chest, they had the letters "З" (Z) and "Я" (YA) sewn.
In 1669, detectives universally replaced the role of honorary elders.
18th century
The police force in Saint Petersburg was established as the Main Police in 1715 by decree from Peter the Great. Initially, the staff of the Saint Petersburg police consisted of the deputy general-police chief, 4 officers, and 36 lower ranks. The clerical and ten clerks kept office work in the Main Police Station Office. The police not only kept order in the city but also carried out several economic functions and were engaged in the improvement of the city — paving streets, draining swampy places, garbage collection, etc.
On June 7, 1718, Adjutant General Anton de Vieira was appointed General Polizeimeister. To aid him in completing work, the Chief Police Office was created and one army regiment was transferred to the authority of the General Polizeimeister. All the ranks of this regiment became police officers. Through the efforts of General de Vieira, in 1721, the first lanterns and benches for rest were installed in St. Petersburg.
On January 19, 1722, the Governing Senate established the Moscow Police. The Ober-Polizeimeister was to be appointed by the emperor from military or civilian ranks. By the instructions of July 20, 1722, the Ober-Polizeimeister supervised the protection of public peace in Moscow as head of the Moscow Police Office. Between 1729–1731 and 1762–1764, the head of the Moscow police was called the General Polizeimeister.
On April 23, 1733, Empress Anna signed a decree "On the establishment of police in cities." This decree gave the police legal powers and allowed them the right to impose penalties in criminal cases.
19th and 20th century
In 1837, a regulation on the zemstvo police was issued, according to which the zemstvo police chief elected by the nobility became the head of the police in the uyezd. The police officers appointed by the provincial government were responsible to the governor, in turn the county or uedz police were responsible to county leaders appointed by the provincial government.
In 1862, a police reform was carried out. The title of mayor was abolished; city councils in those cities that were subordinate to the district police were attached to the zemstvo courts, renamed the district police departments, and in those cities that retained their own police, separate from the district police, they were renamed into city police departments.
In 1866, a zemstvo guard was established in the districts of the Kingdom of Poland.
In 1866, St. Petersburg Chief of Police Fyodor Trepov sent a note to Alexander II, which said: “A significant gap in the institution of the metropolitan police was the absence of a special part with the special purpose of conducting research for solving crimes, finding general measures to prevent and suppress crimes. These responsibilities lay with the ranks of the external police, which, bearing the entire burden of the police service, had neither the means nor the opportunity to act successfully in this respect. To eliminate this deficiency, it was proposed to establish a detective police”.
For the first time in the Russian police, specialized units for solving crimes and conducting inquiries were created in St. Petersburg, where in 1866 a detective police was established under the office of the police chief of the city. Prior to that, detective functions were carried out by forensic investigators and the entire police in the form in which it existed at that time. Initially, the staff of the criminal investigation of St. Petersburg was small. By the time of its foundation the department consisted, in addition to the chief and his assistant, 4 officials at special assignments, 12 police detectives and 20 civilian detectives.
The Detective Department was founded in 1866, operating under the Police Department of Ministry of Internal Affairs, and by 1907, similar departments had been created in other major cities of the Russian Empire, including Moscow, Kiev, Riga, Odessa, Tiflis, Baku, Rostov-on-Don and Nizhny Novgorod. Other districts were policed by rural police or gendarmerie units.
In 1879 the institute of police officers in rural areas was formed. The police officers were intended to help the police officers “for the performance of police duties, as well as for the supervision of the centurions and foremen.”
On August 6, 1880, the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery was abolished and the Police Department was formed.
Since 1889, the chief of the district police began to be called the district police officer.
In 1903, in the countryside, originally in 46 provinces, a district police guard was introduced. By 1916, it extended to 50 provinces.
On August 9, 1910, the Minister of Internal Affairs Pyotr Stolypin issued an Instruction to the officers of the detective departments, which determined their tasks and structure. Each detective department consisted of four structural divisions-desks:
Personal detention.
Searches.
Observations.
Information registration office.
By order of Pyotr Stolypin, at the Police Department, special courses were established to train the heads of detective departments. At the International Congress of Criminalists, held in Switzerland in 1913, the Russian detective police were recognized as the best in the world in solving crimes.
The 3,500 strong police force of Petrograd provided the main opposition to the rioting, which marked the initial outbreak of the February Revolution. After the army units garrisoning the city defected, the police became the main target of the revolutionaries, and many were killed. The Police of the Russian Empire was dissolved on March 10, 1917, and on April 17, the Provisional Government established the People's Militia (Militsiya) as a new law enforcement body.
Soviet Militsiya
Decisions of the Provisional Government “On the approval of the militsiya” and "Temporary regulations on the police", issued on April 17, 1917, the "people's militia" was established. The people's militia is declared to be the executive body of state power at the local level, “directly under the jurisdiction of the zemstvo and city public administrations”.
Simultaneously with the state “people's militsiya”, the councils of workers 'deputies organized detachments of “workers' militsiya” and other armed formations, which were under the influence of various political forces, and sometimes outside them. At the same time, the workers' militsiya was not subordinate to the commissars of the city militsiya.
The Council of the Petrograd People's militsiya, formed on June 3 under the auspices of the Bolsheviks, came into conflict with the head of the city militsiya, issuing political slogans in connection with the refusal to pay additional payments for service in the workers' militsiya to workers receiving full wages in factories. The most important state structure will destroyed.
The principle of self-organization of the forces of law and order was implemented by the Bolshevik Party for some time after October 1917. The decree of the NKVD "On the workers' militia" of October 28 (November 10) 1917 did not provide for the organizational forms of the state militia apparatus.
The workers' militia bore the character of mass amateur organizations, was formed on the basis of voluntary squads, so it could not stop the rampant crime.
On May 10, 1918, the Collegium of the NKVD adopted an order: “The police exist as a permanent staff of persons performing special duties, the organization of the police should be carried out independently of the Red Army, their functions should be strictly delimited.”
The militsiya was formed on March 10, 1917, replacing the former Russian police organizations of the Imperial government. There were detachments of the people's militsiya and the workers' militsiya that were organized as paramilitary police units. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the militsiya continued to exist in Russia until March 1, 2011.
2011 Police reform
Initiated by former President Dmitry Medvedev, Russian police reform (Закон РФ "о полиции" [Zakon RF "O politsii" {Law on police}]) is an ongoing effort to improve the efficiency of Russia's police forces, decrease corruption, and improve the public image of law enforcement. On February 7, 2011, amendments were made to the laws of the police force, the criminal code, and the criminal procedure code. The amendments came into force on March 1, 2011. These changes stipulate a law enforcement personnel cut of 20%, renaming Russian law enforcers from "militsiya" (militia) to "politsiya" (police), substantial increases in wages, centralization of financing, and several other changes. Around 217 billion rubles ($7 billion) have been allocated from the federal budget to finance the reform.
Main changes and aims of the reform
Name change Under the reform, the name of Russian law enforcers was changed from the Soviet-era term "militsiya" (militia) to the more universal "politsiya" (police) on March 1, 2011.
Personnel reduction and salary increase The number of police officers was reduced by 20%, dropping from 1.28 million to 1.1 million by 2012. The reduction was accomplished via a comprehensive evaluation of all officers. All evaluations occurred during or before June 2011, and those who failed the evaluation lost their jobs. All officers who had previously received administrative penalties or had links to the criminal underworld were fired. For those officers surviving the reduction, salaries were increased by 30%.
Centralization As a result of the reform, the Russian police were made a federal-level institution, with funding fully sourced from the federal budget. Under the old system, police units responsible for public order and petty crimes were under the jurisdiction of regional and city authorities, financed from the regional budget, and were more responsible to the regional governors than to the central federal government.
Changes to police and detainee rights According to the new law, detainees will receive the right to make a telephone call within 3 hours of the detention. They will also receive the right to have a lawyer and interpreter from the moment of their detention, and police must inform the detainee of their rights and duties. The police no longer have the right to carry out and demand checks of a company's financial and business activities. Police may also no longer detain a citizen for an hour just to verify his/her identity.
Thus, on August 7, 2010, a new bill Law “On police” was proposed (the same bill with the changed names “militsiya” to “police”).
The new bill is a continuation of the opposite policy of the reform of 2002, that is, even greater centralization. Institutions of the public security militsiya and criminal militsiya are being abolished. Unlike the militsiya, which are partially subordinate to the authority of the subject of the federation, the police are not connected with the subject of the federation (according to the bill).
About 5 million people took part in the online discussion of the draft law “On police”, which is unique for Russia. As a result, the draft law, in comparison with the initial form, has undergone significant changes related to the powers of the new structure. In particular, the provisions that police officers can freely enter the premises of citizens, land plots belonging to them, on territories, land plots and premises occupied by public associations and organizations, as well as the “presumption of legality” of the police, which caused the most criticism (“The police officer’s demands addressed to citizens and officials and the actions taken by him are considered legal until otherwise established in the manner prescribed by law”), although, according to opposition politicians, this wording was only veiled, and not excluded.
Despite criticism from certain segments of society and a number of opposition political parties, the draft law was adopted in the first reading on December 10, 2010. The State Duma on Friday, January 28, 2011, adopted the draft law “On police” in the final third reading. Only 315 deputies voted for the adoption of the law, 130 were against, there were no abstentions.
It was originally planned that the new law would come into force in January 2011, but the police in Russia officially revived on March 1, 2011.
On February 7, 2011, the President tweeted a message:
On March 1, 2011, the Police Act entered into force, and as of January 1, 2012, all symbols of the police became invalid.
Insignia
Russian Police officers wear uniforms in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of July 26, 2013 N 575 “On approval of the Rules for the wearing of uniforms, insignia and departmental insignia by employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”.
The insignia of special distinction of the officers of the operational regiments of the Russian police is a black beret.
For employees of the tourist police, a sleeve sign with the words “ТУРИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИЦИЯ TOURIST POLICE” and the flag of Russia.
Police ranks
The Russian Police do not use the rank of corporal.
Officers
Other ranks
Central administration
Criminal Police Service: Criminal Investigations Department (Russian: Уголовный розыск)
Main Office for Criminal Investigation
Main Directorate for Public Order Maintenance (Patrol police) (Russian: Главное управление по обеспечению охраны общественного порядка)
Main Directorate for Road Traffic Safety (Traffic police) (Russian: Государственная инспекция безопасности дорожного движения)
Main Office for Combating Economic and Tax Crimes (Russian:Отдел борьбы с экономическими преступлениями)
Office for Operational Investigation Information
Co-ordination Office of Criminal Police Service
Main Office of the Interior for Transport
Office for Crisis Situations
Office for Resource Provisions
Finance and Economy Office
Logistical Service
Office for Material and Technical Support
Co-ordination Office of Logistical Service
Medical Office
Finance and Economy Department
Office for Communication and Automation
Office for Capital Construction
General Services Office
Independent Divisions
Main Office for Internal Security ()
Investigative Office ()
Main office for Drug Enforcement (former Federal Drug Control Service of Russia) ()
Main office for Migration issues (former Federal Migratory Service) ()
Control and Auditing Office
Forensic Expertise Center
National Central Bureau for Interpol
Mobilization Training Office
Main Center for Information
Main Legal Office
Office for International Co-operation
Office for Information Regional Contacts
Equipment
Transportation
Russian police use a number of different models of automobiles which range greatly in age and technical specification.
Weaponry
AK-74M
AKS-74U
AS Val
OTs-14 Groza
PP-19 Bizon
9A-91 carbine
A-91 rifle
Makarov pistol
OTs-02 Kiparis
PP-91 KEDR
Saiga-12S shotgun
MP-443 Grach pistol
GSh-18 pistol
PP-2000
KS-23 shotgun
Vityaz-SN
CZ-75
AEK-971
AK-103
AK-104
See also
Police Department of Russia
Militsiya
Ministry of Internal Affairs
Moscow Police
Saint Petersburg Police
Nizhny Novgorod Police
Crimea Police
National Police of Ukraine
Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation (Государственный реестр казачьих обществ Российской Федерации)
Marengo, a color used for police uniform.
General:
Law enforcement in Russia
Crime in Russia
References
External links
Russian Federation "Law on police"
Federal law enforcement agencies of Russia
Government agencies established in 2011
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)
National police forces |
Markina-Xemein is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, Bizkaia, in the Basque Autonomous Community, also known as the Basque Country, located in northern Spain. The origin of the town's name lies in its geographic location. The last town in the province of Bizkaia, Markina-Xemein lies between Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia. Coming from the Spanish word "marca" meaning "mark", Markina-Xemein marks the location where the Gipuzkoanos (the people of Guipuzcoa province) often battled the Bizkainos (the people of Biscay province).
The local economy is mostly based on the primary and secondary sectors, with particular relevance for agriculture and cattle herding, timber research and metal industry. The metal industry has in fact played an important role in the past, through the development of important weapons in the defense industry. Extraction of black marble, known as Nero Marquina (Marmol Negro), also plays an important role in the local economy. The high quality of the stone has gained international recognition; it is one of the most important marbles from Spain.
Markina-Xemein keeps a tight connection with Basque pelota sport; in fact its two walled court or frontón is known as "University of the Pelota", since it is the place where great Basket or Jai Alai pelotaris learnt to play.
Markina-Xemein's patron saint festival, consecrated to the Virgen del Carmen, takes place in the middle of July. Besides, the municipality hosts many fairs and markets all through the year.
Geography
Markina-Xemein is located in the north east of Biscay, and it is next to the border with Gipuzkoa. Although the village centre is plain, it is surrounded by hills and mountains, most of them 400 to 700 metres high. Oiz, located to the southwest, is 1,026 metres high.
The main river is Artibai, which passes through Markina-Xemein from southwest to northeast. Near the village centre, it is joined by another river from the southeast, Urko.
Markina-Xemein enjoys a mild climate throughout the year, thanks to being located only 10 kilometers from the coast. Winters tend to be a little bit cool and wet, but not snowy. Although summers are relatively hot, temperatures hardly ever go above 35 °C. Apart from that, all the seasons are wet and rainy, so yearly rainfall is above 1550 mm.
History
The village of Markina (called, in that time, Villaviciosa de Marquina in Spanish) was founded by Don Tello, Lord of Biscay (Bizkaia), on May 6, 1355. Don Tello gave permission to the local nobility (jauntxoak in Basque or hidalgos in Spanish) to create and defend the new village from the attacks of the Gipuzkoan nobility.
One of the most astonishing aspects of that foundation was that Markina was not given a parish church for itself. Moreover, it has had to use the existing church of Xemein, which, at that time, was an independent town (an elizate). The patronage of that church was a hot point in their relations, especially in the Middle Ages, and several disputes took places between local nobility. Last century, (September 29, 1952) Markina and Xemein joined each other to found what we know today as the town of Markina-Xemein.
A further enlargement took place on 1969, when Ziortza-Bolibar (a smaller town located to the southwest of Markina-Xemein) joined the village. That union lasted until January 1, 2005, when all the parts concerned reached an agreement by which Ziortza-Bolibar become an independent town.
Notable people
Nicolasa Pradera (1870-1959), Spanish chef
See also
1980 Markina attack: an attack by the Basque separatist group ETA which killed four people in the town.
Goierria-Ziortza
References
External links
MARKINA-XEMEIN in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)
Municipalities in Biscay |
Lise Martin (born 21 January 1964) is a Canadian volleyball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Canadian women's volleyball players
Olympic volleyball players for Canada
Volleyball players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Trois-Rivières |
This is a list of sports city derbies or other rivalries in Ukraine among professional teams. Those include games where rival teams met with each other more than one season.
Association football
Premier League
Klasychne derby or National rivalry Dynamo Kyiv vs. Shakhtar Donetsk
Main Donbas rivalry Shakhtar Donetsk vs. Zorya Luhansk
Galicia – Volhynia (West Ukrainian) rivalry Karpaty Lviv vs. Volyn Lviv
Main Kyiv derby (Capital derby) Dynamo vs. Arsenal (CSKA)
Kyiv derby Dynamo vs. Obolon
Kyiv derby Arsenal vs. Obolon
Donetsk derby Shakhtar vs. Metalurh
Zaporizhzhia derby Metalurh vs. Torpedo
Lviv derby Karpaty vs. Lviv
Kharkiv derby Metalist vs. Kharkiv
Odesa derby Chornomorets vs. Odesa
Donetsk (Donbas) rivalry Shakhtar vs. Olimpik, conducted outside of Donetsk due to Russian aggression
Regional derbies
Volhynian rivalry Volyn Lutsk vs. Veres Rivne
Podillian rivalry Nyva Vn. vs. Podillia Khmelnytskyi
Carpathian rivalry Hoverla (Zakarpattia) vs. Prykarpattia Ivano-Frankivsk
Carpathian (West Ukrainian) rivalry Hoverla (Zakarpattia) vs. Karpaty Lviv
[Great] Galician derby Karpaty Lviv vs. Prykarpattia Ivano-Frankivsk
West Ukrainian derby Rukh Vynnyky vs. Prykarpattia Ivano-Frankivsk
West Ukrainian derby Volyn Lutsk vs. Prykarpattia Ivano-Frankivsk
Dnipro–Kharkiv rivalry FC Dnipro vs. Metalist Kharkiv (SC Dnipro-1 vs. Metalist 1925)
AR Crimea
Main Crimean rivalry Tavriya Simferopol vs. FC Sevastopol (Top level)
Crimean rivalry FC Sevastopol vs. Krymteplytsia Molodizhne (by Football Federation of Ukraine and Professional Football League)
Donetsk Oblast
Donetsk Oblast (Donbas) rivalry Shakhtar Donetsk vs. [Illichivets] Mariupol (Top level) (by Segodnya)
Donetsk Oblast (Donbas) rivalry Metalurh Donetsk vs. [Illichivets] Mariupol (Top level) (by Football Federation of Ukraine)
Donetsk Oblast rivalry Illichivets Mariupol vs. Shakhtar-2 Donetsk
Donetsk Oblast rivalry Olimpik Donetsk vs. Avanhard Kramatorsk
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Main Dnipropetrovsk Oblast rivalry FC Dnipro vs. Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (Top level)
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast rivalry Dnipro vs. Stal Dniprodzerzhynsk (Top level)
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast rivalry Metalurh Nikopol vs. Shakhtar Pavlohrad
Luhansk Oblast
Main Luhansk Oblast rivalry Zorya Luhansk vs. Stal Alchevsk (Top level)
Luhansk Oblast rivalry Stal Alchevsk vs. Khimik Severodonetsk
Luhansk Oblast rivalry Zorya Luhansk vs. Khimik Severodonetsk
Sumy Oblast
Main Sumy Oblast rivalry Naftovyk Okhtyrka vs. [Yavir]–Sumy
Sumy Oblast rivalry Naftovyk Okhtyrka vs. SBTS Sumy
Sumy Oblast rivalry Naftovyk Okhtyrka vs. FC Sumy
Poltava Oblast
Main Poltava Oblast rivalry Vorskla Poltava vs. Neftekhimik Kremenchuk
Poltava Oblast rivalry FC Poltava vs. Hirnyk-Sport
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Main Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast rivalry Prykarpattia Ivano-Frankivsk vs. Enerhetyk Burshtyn
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast rivalry Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk vs. Enerhetyk Burshtyn
Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast rivalry Zirka Kropyvnytskyi vs. [Polihraftekhnika] Oleksandriya (Top level)
Zakarpattia Oblast
Zakarpattia Oblast rivalry Zakarpattia Uzhhorod vs. Pryladyst Mukacheve
Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast rivalry Evis Mykolaiv vs. Artania Ochakiv
Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Khmelnytskyi Oblast rivalry Podillya Khmelnytskyi vs. Temp [Ratusha]
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast rivalry Karpary Lviv vs. Hazovyk-Skala
City derbies (professional league games)
Kharkiv
Kharkiv derby: Spartak – Silmash (1937–1939) - Soviet Top League (Group A) (1:4, 0:2, 1:5)
Kharkiv derby: Spartak – Dynamo (1936, 1937, 1939) (1:1, 2:1, 1:5)
Kharkiv derby: Dynamo – Silmash (1937, 1939, 1940) (1:2, 0:5, 3:1, 5:2)
Kharkiv derby: Dynamo – Traktor (1937) (3:0)
Kharkiv derby: Spartak – Traktor (1937) (3:0)
Kharkiv derby: Silmash – Traktor (1937) (1:3)
Kharkiv derby: Lokomotyv – Dzerzhynets (1947, 1948) (1:0, 5:3, 2:0, 8:1)
Kharkiv derby: Torpedo – Dzerzhynets (1949) (0:1, 1:4)
Kharkiv derby: Arsenal – Metalist-2 (1999/0–2001/2) (0:2, 0:0, 2:0, 4:1, 1:0, 0:6)
Kharkiv derby: Arsenal – Metalist (2003/4) (1:2, 1:1)
Kharkiv derby: Helios – Metalist-2 (2003/4, 2004/5) (1:1, 0:1, 4:1, 2:2)
Main Kharkiv derby: Kharkiv – Metalist (2005/6–2008/9) (1:0, 0:1, 2:0, 0:0, 0:2, 0:2, 1:1, 1:2)
Kharkiv derby: Arsenal – Kharkiv-2 (2005/6) (4:0, 2:1)
Kharkiv derby: Helios – Kharkiv (2009/10) (5:0, 0:1)
Kyiv
Kyiv derby: Dynamo – Lokomotyv (1938) – Soviet Top League (Group A) (1:1)
Kyiv derby: DO – Spartak (1949) (2:2, 2:0)
Kyiv derby: Arsenal – Temp/Oktiabrsky Raion (1960–1962) (0:0, 2:0, 2:1, 3:1, 2:0, 2:3)
Kyiv derby: Arsenal – SKA (1963) (1:0, 0:2)
Kyiv derby: Dynamo-2 – SKA/CSKA[-2] (1992, 1996/7–2007/8) (1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 1:1, 3:1, 2:0, 1:0, 1:1, 2:0, 0:1, 3:0, 1:3, 2:2, 0:2, 2:0, 2:2, 4:1, 4:1, 0:1, 0:2, 4:0, 0:0, 1:1, 0:0, 5:1, 3:2)
Kyiv derby: Dynamo-2 – CSKA-Borysfen (1994/5) (4:0, 1:3)
Main Kyiv derby: Dynamo – CSKA/Arsenal (1995/6–2013/14, 2018/19) (2:1, 0:0, 1:0, 2:2, 1:0, 4:0, 4:0, 2:0, 3:0, 3:1, 5:1, 1:0, 1:0, 2:0, 1:0, 3:1, 6:1, 3:0, 0:0, 1:1, 2:0, 3:1, 1:0, 5:2, 1:0, 2:2, 3:0, 2:0, 3:1, 1:0, 3:2, 3:0, 1:0, 2:0, 4:0, 1:0, 2:0, 4:0, 1:0)
Kyiv derby: Obolon – CSKA[-2] (1995/6, 1999/0, 2001/2, 2005/6–2007/8) (0:0, 0:1, 2:1, 0:1, 3:1, 1:2, 2:1, 3:0, 3:2, 1:1, 1:1, 4:3)
Kyiv derby: Dynamo-2 – Obolon (1999/0, 2001/2, 2005/6–2008/9, 2012/13, 2015/16) (4:1, 0:0, 1:2, 0:1, 1:3, 0:2, 2:0, 0:1, 1:0, 0:4, 1:0, 0:0, 2:1, +/-, 1:3, 0:2)
Kyiv derby: Dynamo-3 – Obolon-2 (2001/2, 2003/4–2007/8) (3:2, 5:0, 1:2, 0:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:1, 1:1, 3:0, 1:1, 2:1, 0:1)
Kyiv derby: Dynamo – Obolon (2002/3–2004/5, 2009/10–2011/12) (1:1, 5:3, 4:0, 2:0, 7:0, 3:1, 4:0, 2:1, 2:2, 0:2, 4:0, 1:0)
Kyiv derby: Arsenal – Obolon (2002/3–2004/5, 2009/10–2011/12, 2016/17, 2017/18) (2:0, 2:0, 2:1, 1:3, 1:0, 1:2, 4:1, 0:0, 1:0, 1:1, 4:1, 1:0, 2:1, 1:0, 1:1 , 5:1)
Kyiv derby: Obolon-2 – CSKA (2008/9) (0:2, -/+)
Lviv
Lviv derby: DO – Spartak (1949) (1:3, 1:2)
Lviv derby: SKA – Karpaty (1965–1969) (2:0, 3:0, 1:0, 0:1, 0:0, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:1, 1:2)
Lviv derby: Dynamo – Karpaty-3[2] (1999/0–2001/2) (1:3, 0:1, 1:0, 3:0, 1:0, 0:1)
Lviv derby: Dynamo – SKA-Orbita (2001/2) (4:0, 0:0)
Lviv derby: Karpaty-3 – SKA-Orbita (2001/2) (1:1, 0:0)
Main Lviv derby: Karpaty – Lviv (2008/9, 2018/19, 2019/20) (2:1, 4:2, 0:1, 1:1, 0:0, 0:0, 1:1, 1:1)
Lviv derby: Karpaty-2 – Lviv-2 (2009/10) (2:0, 1:3)
(* Lviv derby: Karpaty – Shakhtar Donetsk (2014/15, 2015/16) (0:2, 2:2, 1:2, 0:3))
Luhansk
Luhansk derby: Trudovi Rezervy – Dynamo (1949) (4:1, 2:1)
Luhansk derby: Zoria – Shakhtar (2002/3) (2:1, 0:0)
Odesa
Main Odesa derby: SKVO/SKA – Chornomorets (1959, 1961, 1962, 1964–1966) – Soviet Top League (Class A, Group 1) (1:0, 0:1, 0:0, 1:2, 0:2, 0:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0:2, 0:1, 1:0, 0:2)
Odesa derby: Odesa – SKA-Lotto (1997/8) (2:0, 0:2)
Odesa derby: Dynamo – SKA-Lotto (1997/8) (1:2, 0:1)
Odesa derby: Odesa – Dynamo[-SKA] (1997/8, 1998/9) (3:0, 1:0, 8:0, +/-)
Odesa derby: Palmira – Chornomorets-2 (2003/4) (1:2, 2:1)
Odesa derby: Palmira – Real (2004/5) (1:1, 2:1)
Odesa derby: Real Pharma – Zhemchuzhyna (2016/17) (1:1, 0:2)
Odesa derby: Real Pharma – Chornomorets-2 (2019/20) (0:0, 0:3)
Poltava
Poltava derby: Kolhospnyk – Lokomotyv (1960, 1961) (5:3, 1:3, 2:1, 2:0, 5:2)
Rivne
Rivne derby: Kolhospnyk – Spartak (1960–1962) (1:0, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 6:0, 3:0)
Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi derby: Avanhard – Spartak (1960) (3:0, 5:0)
Chernivtsi derby: Avanhard – Mashynobudivnyk (1961) (1:0, 4:0)
Chernihiv
Chernihiv derby: Desna – Zirka (1961) (6:0, 5:0)
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv derby: Sudnobudivnyk – Torpedo (1961) (1:1, 2:0)
Mykolaiv derby: Sudnobudivnyk – Vympel (1962) (6:1, 2:0)
Mykolaiv derby: Sudnobudivnyk – Mykolaiv-2 (2017/18) (2:2, 1:4, 1:3)
Ternopil
Ternopil derby: Avanhard – Motor (1960) (1:1, 5:1)
Main Ternopil derby: Nyva – Ternopil (2012/13, 2014/15, 2015/16) (1:0, 2:0, 1:0, 1:1, 2:2, 2:2, 0:1, -/+)
Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia derby: Lokomotyv – Burevisnyk (1962) (4:0, 0:0)
Sumy
Sumy derby: Avanhard – SVADKU (1962) (2:0, 3:1)
Sumy derby: Sumy – Frunzenets-Liha (2001/2) (2:1, 2:1)
Zaporizhzhia
Main Zaporizhzhia derby: Torpedo – Metalurh (1992-1997/8) (3:0, 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 3:1, 0:4, 1:0, 0:2, 0:2, 0:4, 1:0, 1:1)
Zaporizhzhia derby: Viktor – Metalurh-2 (1999/0) (1:1, 0:0)
Zaporizhzhia derby: Torpedo – Metalurh-2 (2002/3) (1:1, 0:2)
Zaporizhzhia derby: Metalurh – Zoria Luhansk (2014/15, 2015/16) (0:1, 0:3, 0:6, 1:4)
Donetsk
Donetsk derby: Shakhtar-2 – Metalurh (1995/6) (2:0, 0:3)
Main Donetsk derby: Shakhtar – Metalurh (1997/8–2013/14) (2:0, 2:1, 4:0, 4:2, 2:0, 3:2, 3:1, 3:0, 1:0, 3:1, 3:1, 2:0, 3:1, 2:0, 3:1, 3:0, 3:1, 2:0, 2:1, 0:0, 4:1, 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 4:1, 1:0, 2:0, 2:0, 2:0, 2:0, 4:0, 4:0, 2:1, 2:2)
Donetsk derby: Shakhtar-2 – Metalurh-2 (1997/8) (1:0, 1:2)
Donetsk derby: Shakhtar-3 – Metalurh-2 (2001/2–2003/4) (3:1, 1:2, 1:0, 2:1, 4:2, 1:0)
Donetsk derby: Shakhtar-3 – Olimpik (2004/5–2010/11) (2:0, 0:2, 0:2, 1:5, 3:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:3, 1:1, 2:6, 0:0, 1:4, 1:3, 1:3)
Donetsk derby: Titan – Olimpik (2007/8, 2008/9) (1:1, 0:3, 1:1, 0:2)
Donetsk derby: Shakhtar-3 – Titan (2007/8, 2008/9) (2:2, 2:1, 3:2, 5:1)
Kremenchuk
Kremenchuk derby: Kremin – Adoms (1999/0) (0:2, 0:4) (Second League Cup) (2:1, 1:0)
Ivano-Frankivsk
Ivano-Frankivsk derby: Fakel – Chornohora (2004/5, 2005/6) (3:2, 1:1, 2:1, 1:0)
Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr derby: Zhytychi – Zhytomyr (2005/6) (0:0, +/-)
Kryvyi Rih
Kryvyi Rih derby: Hirnyk – Kryvbas-2 (2005/6) (2:0, 1:1)
Bila Tserkva
Bila Tserkva derby: Arsenal – Ros (2008/9) (2:2, 1:1)
Crimea
Crimea derby: Tavriya – Sevastopol (2010/11) (2:1, 1:0)
Oleksandria
Oleksandria derby: Oleksandria – UkrAhroKom (2013/14) (2:1, 2:2)
Dnipro
Dnipro derby: Dnipro – Dnipro-1 (2017/18) (2:0, 0:0, 1:2)
References
External links
Regional derbi: history and the present. Sport.if.ua. 13 August 2010
SteveGOLD. New regional derby (Нове обласне дербі). UA-Football. 19 July 2015
Ukraine
Ukraine |
Brzana Górna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobowa, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Bobowa, north-west of Gorlice, and south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
The name Brzana Górna means "Upper Brzana". The village and Brzana Dolna ("Lower Brzana") make up a single administrative unit (sołectwo) called Brzana.
References
Villages in Gorlice County |
```python
"""
Ported using Python-Future from the Python 3.3 standard library.
Parse (absolute and relative) URLs.
urlparse module is based upon the following RFC specifications.
RFC 3986 (STD66): "Uniform Resource Identifiers" by T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding
and L. Masinter, January 2005.
RFC 2732 : "Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's by R.Hinden, B.Carpenter
and L.Masinter, December 1999.
RFC 2396: "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)": Generic Syntax by T.
Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, August 1998.
RFC 2368: "The mailto URL scheme", by P.Hoffman , L Masinter, J. Zawinski, July 1998.
RFC 1808: "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", by R. Fielding, UC Irvine, June
1995.
RFC 1738: "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)" by T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M.
McCahill, December 1994
RFC 3986 is considered the current standard and any future changes to
urlparse module should conform with it. The urlparse module is
currently not entirely compliant with this RFC due to defacto
scenarios for parsing, and for backward compatibility purposes, some
parsing quirks from older RFCs are retained. The testcases in
test_urlparse.py provides a good indicator of parsing behavior.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
from future.builtins import bytes, chr, dict, int, range, str
from future.utils import raise_with_traceback
import re
import sys
import collections
__all__ = ["urlparse", "urlunparse", "urljoin", "urldefrag",
"urlsplit", "urlunsplit", "urlencode", "parse_qs",
"parse_qsl", "quote", "quote_plus", "quote_from_bytes",
"unquote", "unquote_plus", "unquote_to_bytes"]
# A classification of schemes ('' means apply by default)
uses_relative = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'imap',
'wais', 'file', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', '', 'sftp',
'svn', 'svn+ssh']
uses_netloc = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'telnet',
'imap', 'wais', 'file', 'mms', 'https', 'shttp',
'snews', 'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'rsync', '',
'svn', 'svn+ssh', 'sftp', 'nfs', 'git', 'git+ssh']
uses_params = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'prospero', 'http', 'imap',
'https', 'shttp', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips',
'mms', '', 'sftp', 'tel']
# These are not actually used anymore, but should stay for backwards
# compatibility. (They are undocumented, but have a public-looking name.)
non_hierarchical = ['gopher', 'hdl', 'mailto', 'news',
'telnet', 'wais', 'imap', 'snews', 'sip', 'sips']
uses_query = ['http', 'wais', 'imap', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
'gopher', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips', '']
uses_fragment = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'http', 'gopher', 'news',
'nntp', 'wais', 'https', 'shttp', 'snews',
'file', 'prospero', '']
# Characters valid in scheme names
scheme_chars = ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
'0123456789'
'+-.')
# XXX: Consider replacing with functools.lru_cache
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 20
_parse_cache = {}
def clear_cache():
"""Clear the parse cache and the quoters cache."""
_parse_cache.clear()
_safe_quoters.clear()
# Helpers for bytes handling
# For 3.2, we deliberately require applications that
# handle improperly quoted URLs to do their own
# decoding and encoding. If valid use cases are
# presented, we may relax this by using latin-1
# decoding internally for 3.3
_implicit_encoding = 'ascii'
_implicit_errors = 'strict'
def _noop(obj):
return obj
def _encode_result(obj, encoding=_implicit_encoding,
errors=_implicit_errors):
return obj.encode(encoding, errors)
def _decode_args(args, encoding=_implicit_encoding,
errors=_implicit_errors):
return tuple(x.decode(encoding, errors) if x else '' for x in args)
def _coerce_args(*args):
# Invokes decode if necessary to create str args
# and returns the coerced inputs along with
# an appropriate result coercion function
# - noop for str inputs
# - encoding function otherwise
str_input = isinstance(args[0], str)
for arg in args[1:]:
# We special-case the empty string to support the
# "scheme=''" default argument to some functions
if arg and isinstance(arg, str) != str_input:
raise TypeError("Cannot mix str and non-str arguments")
if str_input:
return args + (_noop,)
return _decode_args(args) + (_encode_result,)
# Result objects are more helpful than simple tuples
class _ResultMixinStr(object):
"""Standard approach to encoding parsed results from str to bytes"""
__slots__ = ()
def encode(self, encoding='ascii', errors='strict'):
return self._encoded_counterpart(*(x.encode(encoding, errors) for x in self))
class _ResultMixinBytes(object):
"""Standard approach to decoding parsed results from bytes to str"""
__slots__ = ()
def decode(self, encoding='ascii', errors='strict'):
return self._decoded_counterpart(*(x.decode(encoding, errors) for x in self))
class _NetlocResultMixinBase(object):
"""Shared methods for the parsed result objects containing a netloc element"""
__slots__ = ()
@property
def username(self):
return self._userinfo[0]
@property
def password(self):
return self._userinfo[1]
@property
def hostname(self):
hostname = self._hostinfo[0]
if not hostname:
hostname = None
elif hostname is not None:
hostname = hostname.lower()
return hostname
@property
def port(self):
port = self._hostinfo[1]
if port is not None:
port = int(port, 10)
# Return None on an illegal port
if not ( 0 <= port <= 65535):
return None
return port
class _NetlocResultMixinStr(_NetlocResultMixinBase, _ResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
@property
def _userinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
userinfo, have_info, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition('@')
if have_info:
username, have_password, password = userinfo.partition(':')
if not have_password:
password = None
else:
username = password = None
return username, password
@property
def _hostinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
_, _, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition('@')
_, have_open_br, bracketed = hostinfo.partition('[')
if have_open_br:
hostname, _, port = bracketed.partition(']')
_, have_port, port = port.partition(':')
else:
hostname, have_port, port = hostinfo.partition(':')
if not have_port:
port = None
return hostname, port
class _NetlocResultMixinBytes(_NetlocResultMixinBase, _ResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
@property
def _userinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
userinfo, have_info, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition(b'@')
if have_info:
username, have_password, password = userinfo.partition(b':')
if not have_password:
password = None
else:
username = password = None
return username, password
@property
def _hostinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
_, _, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition(b'@')
_, have_open_br, bracketed = hostinfo.partition(b'[')
if have_open_br:
hostname, _, port = bracketed.partition(b']')
_, have_port, port = port.partition(b':')
else:
hostname, have_port, port = hostinfo.partition(b':')
if not have_port:
port = None
return hostname, port
from collections import namedtuple
_DefragResultBase = namedtuple('DefragResult', 'url fragment')
_SplitResultBase = namedtuple('SplitResult', 'scheme netloc path query fragment')
_ParseResultBase = namedtuple('ParseResult', 'scheme netloc path params query fragment')
# For backwards compatibility, alias _NetlocResultMixinStr
# ResultBase is no longer part of the documented API, but it is
# retained since deprecating it isn't worth the hassle
ResultBase = _NetlocResultMixinStr
# Structured result objects for string data
class DefragResult(_DefragResultBase, _ResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
if self.fragment:
return self.url + '#' + self.fragment
else:
return self.url
class SplitResult(_SplitResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunsplit(self)
class ParseResult(_ParseResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunparse(self)
# Structured result objects for bytes data
class DefragResultBytes(_DefragResultBase, _ResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
if self.fragment:
return self.url + b'#' + self.fragment
else:
return self.url
class SplitResultBytes(_SplitResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunsplit(self)
class ParseResultBytes(_ParseResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunparse(self)
# Set up the encode/decode result pairs
def _fix_result_transcoding():
_result_pairs = (
(DefragResult, DefragResultBytes),
(SplitResult, SplitResultBytes),
(ParseResult, ParseResultBytes),
)
for _decoded, _encoded in _result_pairs:
_decoded._encoded_counterpart = _encoded
_encoded._decoded_counterpart = _decoded
_fix_result_transcoding()
del _fix_result_transcoding
def urlparse(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
"""Parse a URL into 6 components:
<scheme>://<netloc>/<path>;<params>?<query>#<fragment>
Return a 6-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment).
Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
(e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
splitresult = urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = splitresult
if scheme in uses_params and ';' in url:
url, params = _splitparams(url)
else:
params = ''
result = ParseResult(scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment)
return _coerce_result(result)
def _splitparams(url):
if '/' in url:
i = url.find(';', url.rfind('/'))
if i < 0:
return url, ''
else:
i = url.find(';')
return url[:i], url[i+1:]
def _splitnetloc(url, start=0):
delim = len(url) # position of end of domain part of url, default is end
for c in '/?#': # look for delimiters; the order is NOT important
wdelim = url.find(c, start) # find first of this delim
if wdelim >= 0: # if found
delim = min(delim, wdelim) # use earliest delim position
return url[start:delim], url[delim:] # return (domain, rest)
def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
"""Parse a URL into 5 components:
<scheme>://<netloc>/<path>?<query>#<fragment>
Return a 5-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment).
Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
(e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
allow_fragments = bool(allow_fragments)
key = url, scheme, allow_fragments, type(url), type(scheme)
cached = _parse_cache.get(key, None)
if cached:
return _coerce_result(cached)
if len(_parse_cache) >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE: # avoid runaway growth
clear_cache()
netloc = query = fragment = ''
i = url.find(':')
if i > 0:
if url[:i] == 'http': # optimize the common case
scheme = url[:i].lower()
url = url[i+1:]
if url[:2] == '//':
netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
if (('[' in netloc and ']' not in netloc) or
(']' in netloc and '[' not in netloc)):
raise ValueError("Invalid IPv6 URL")
if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
if '?' in url:
url, query = url.split('?', 1)
v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
_parse_cache[key] = v
return _coerce_result(v)
for c in url[:i]:
if c not in scheme_chars:
break
else:
# make sure "url" is not actually a port number (in which case
# "scheme" is really part of the path)
rest = url[i+1:]
if not rest or any(c not in '0123456789' for c in rest):
# not a port number
scheme, url = url[:i].lower(), rest
if url[:2] == '//':
netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
if (('[' in netloc and ']' not in netloc) or
(']' in netloc and '[' not in netloc)):
raise ValueError("Invalid IPv6 URL")
if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
if '?' in url:
url, query = url.split('?', 1)
v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
_parse_cache[key] = v
return _coerce_result(v)
def urlunparse(components):
"""Put a parsed URL back together again. This may result in a
slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed
originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with an empty query
(the draft states that these are equivalent)."""
scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
_coerce_args(*components))
if params:
url = "%s;%s" % (url, params)
return _coerce_result(urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)))
def urlunsplit(components):
"""Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by urlsplit() into a
complete URL as a string. The data argument can be any five-item iterable.
This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that
was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ? with an
empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent)."""
scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
_coerce_args(*components))
if netloc or (scheme and scheme in uses_netloc and url[:2] != '//'):
if url and url[:1] != '/': url = '/' + url
url = '//' + (netloc or '') + url
if scheme:
url = scheme + ':' + url
if query:
url = url + '?' + query
if fragment:
url = url + '#' + fragment
return _coerce_result(url)
def urljoin(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
"""Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
interpretation of the latter."""
if not base:
return url
if not url:
return base
base, url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(base, url)
bscheme, bnetloc, bpath, bparams, bquery, bfragment = \
urlparse(base, '', allow_fragments)
scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = \
urlparse(url, bscheme, allow_fragments)
if scheme != bscheme or scheme not in uses_relative:
return _coerce_result(url)
if scheme in uses_netloc:
if netloc:
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
params, query, fragment)))
netloc = bnetloc
if path[:1] == '/':
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
params, query, fragment)))
if not path and not params:
path = bpath
params = bparams
if not query:
query = bquery
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
params, query, fragment)))
segments = bpath.split('/')[:-1] + path.split('/')
# XXX The stuff below is bogus in various ways...
if segments[-1] == '.':
segments[-1] = ''
while '.' in segments:
segments.remove('.')
while 1:
i = 1
n = len(segments) - 1
while i < n:
if (segments[i] == '..'
and segments[i-1] not in ('', '..')):
del segments[i-1:i+1]
break
i = i+1
else:
break
if segments == ['', '..']:
segments[-1] = ''
elif len(segments) >= 2 and segments[-1] == '..':
segments[-2:] = ['']
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, '/'.join(segments),
params, query, fragment)))
def urldefrag(url):
"""Removes any existing fragment from URL.
Returns a tuple of the defragmented URL and the fragment. If
the URL contained no fragments, the second element is the
empty string.
"""
url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url)
if '#' in url:
s, n, p, a, q, frag = urlparse(url)
defrag = urlunparse((s, n, p, a, q, ''))
else:
frag = ''
defrag = url
return _coerce_result(DefragResult(defrag, frag))
_hexdig = '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef'
_hextobyte = dict(((a + b).encode(), bytes([int(a + b, 16)]))
for a in _hexdig for b in _hexdig)
def unquote_to_bytes(string):
"""unquote_to_bytes('abc%20def') -> b'abc def'."""
# Note: strings are encoded as UTF-8. This is only an issue if it contains
# unescaped non-ASCII characters, which URIs should not.
if not string:
# Is it a string-like object?
string.split
return bytes(b'')
if isinstance(string, str):
string = string.encode('utf-8')
### For Python-Future:
# It is already a byte-string object, but force it to be newbytes here on
# Py2:
string = bytes(string)
###
bits = string.split(b'%')
if len(bits) == 1:
return string
res = [bits[0]]
append = res.append
for item in bits[1:]:
try:
append(_hextobyte[item[:2]])
append(item[2:])
except KeyError:
append(b'%')
append(item)
return bytes(b'').join(res)
_asciire = re.compile('([\x00-\x7f]+)')
def unquote(string, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Replace %xx escapes by their single-character equivalent. The optional
encoding and errors parameters specify how to decode percent-encoded
sequences into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode()
method.
By default, percent-encoded sequences are decoded with UTF-8, and invalid
sequences are replaced by a placeholder character.
unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'.
"""
if '%' not in string:
string.split
return string
if encoding is None:
encoding = 'utf-8'
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
bits = _asciire.split(string)
res = [bits[0]]
append = res.append
for i in range(1, len(bits), 2):
append(unquote_to_bytes(bits[i]).decode(encoding, errors))
append(bits[i + 1])
return ''.join(res)
def parse_qs(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Parse a query given as a string argument.
Arguments:
qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.
A true value indicates that blanks should be retained as
blank strings. The default false value indicates that
blank values are to be ignored and treated as if they were
not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors.
If false (the default), errors are silently ignored.
If true, errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
"""
parsed_result = {}
pairs = parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values, strict_parsing,
encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
for name, value in pairs:
if name in parsed_result:
parsed_result[name].append(value)
else:
parsed_result[name] = [value]
return parsed_result
def parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Parse a query given as a string argument.
Arguments:
qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings. A
true value indicates that blanks should be retained as blank
strings. The default false value indicates that blank values
are to be ignored and treated as if they were not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors. If
false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If true,
errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
Returns a list, as G-d intended.
"""
qs, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(qs)
pairs = [s2 for s1 in qs.split('&') for s2 in s1.split(';')]
r = []
for name_value in pairs:
if not name_value and not strict_parsing:
continue
nv = name_value.split('=', 1)
if len(nv) != 2:
if strict_parsing:
raise ValueError("bad query field: %r" % (name_value,))
# Handle case of a control-name with no equal sign
if keep_blank_values:
nv.append('')
else:
continue
if len(nv[1]) or keep_blank_values:
name = nv[0].replace('+', ' ')
name = unquote(name, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
name = _coerce_result(name)
value = nv[1].replace('+', ' ')
value = unquote(value, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
value = _coerce_result(value)
r.append((name, value))
return r
def unquote_plus(string, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Like unquote(), but also replace plus signs by spaces, as required for
unquoting HTML form values.
unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'
"""
string = string.replace('+', ' ')
return unquote(string, encoding, errors)
_ALWAYS_SAFE = frozenset(bytes(b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
b'0123456789'
b'_.-'))
_ALWAYS_SAFE_BYTES = bytes(_ALWAYS_SAFE)
_safe_quoters = {}
class Quoter(collections.defaultdict):
"""A mapping from bytes (in range(0,256)) to strings.
String values are percent-encoded byte values, unless the key < 128, and
in the "safe" set (either the specified safe set, or default set).
"""
# Keeps a cache internally, using defaultdict, for efficiency (lookups
# of cached keys don't call Python code at all).
def __init__(self, safe):
"""safe: bytes object."""
self.safe = _ALWAYS_SAFE.union(bytes(safe))
def __repr__(self):
# Without this, will just display as a defaultdict
return "<Quoter %r>" % dict(self)
def __missing__(self, b):
# Handle a cache miss. Store quoted string in cache and return.
res = chr(b) if b in self.safe else '%{0:02X}'.format(b)
self[b] = res
return res
def quote(string, safe='/', encoding=None, errors=None):
"""quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.
RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
the following reserved characters.
reserved = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
"$" | ","
Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
but not necessarily in all of them.
By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
section of a URL. Thus, it will not encode '/'. This character
is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
reserved characters.
string and safe may be either str or bytes objects. encoding must
not be specified if string is a str.
The optional encoding and errors parameters specify how to deal with
non-ASCII characters, as accepted by the str.encode method.
By default, encoding='utf-8' (characters are encoded with UTF-8), and
errors='strict' (unsupported characters raise a UnicodeEncodeError).
"""
if isinstance(string, str):
if not string:
return string
if encoding is None:
encoding = 'utf-8'
if errors is None:
errors = 'strict'
string = string.encode(encoding, errors)
else:
if encoding is not None:
raise TypeError("quote() doesn't support 'encoding' for bytes")
if errors is not None:
raise TypeError("quote() doesn't support 'errors' for bytes")
return quote_from_bytes(string, safe)
def quote_plus(string, safe='', encoding=None, errors=None):
"""Like quote(), but also replace ' ' with '+', as required for quoting
HTML form values. Plus signs in the original string are escaped unless
they are included in safe. It also does not have safe default to '/'.
"""
# Check if ' ' in string, where string may either be a str or bytes. If
# there are no spaces, the regular quote will produce the right answer.
if ((isinstance(string, str) and ' ' not in string) or
(isinstance(string, bytes) and b' ' not in string)):
return quote(string, safe, encoding, errors)
if isinstance(safe, str):
space = str(' ')
else:
space = bytes(b' ')
string = quote(string, safe + space, encoding, errors)
return string.replace(' ', '+')
def quote_from_bytes(bs, safe='/'):
"""Like quote(), but accepts a bytes object rather than a str, and does
not perform string-to-bytes encoding. It always returns an ASCII string.
quote_from_bytes(b'abc def\x3f') -> 'abc%20def%3f'
"""
if not isinstance(bs, (bytes, bytearray)):
raise TypeError("quote_from_bytes() expected bytes")
if not bs:
return str('')
### For Python-Future:
bs = bytes(bs)
###
if isinstance(safe, str):
# Normalize 'safe' by converting to bytes and removing non-ASCII chars
safe = str(safe).encode('ascii', 'ignore')
else:
### For Python-Future:
safe = bytes(safe)
###
safe = bytes([c for c in safe if c < 128])
if not bs.rstrip(_ALWAYS_SAFE_BYTES + safe):
return bs.decode()
try:
quoter = _safe_quoters[safe]
except KeyError:
_safe_quoters[safe] = quoter = Quoter(safe).__getitem__
return str('').join([quoter(char) for char in bs])
def urlencode(query, doseq=False, safe='', encoding=None, errors=None):
"""Encode a sequence of two-element tuples or dictionary into a URL query string.
If any values in the query arg are sequences and doseq is true, each
sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
If the query arg is a sequence of two-element tuples, the order of the
parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
input.
The query arg may be either a string or a bytes type. When query arg is a
string, the safe, encoding and error parameters are sent the quote_plus for
encoding.
"""
if hasattr(query, "items"):
query = query.items()
else:
# It's a bother at times that strings and string-like objects are
# sequences.
try:
# non-sequence items should not work with len()
# non-empty strings will fail this
if len(query) and not isinstance(query[0], tuple):
raise TypeError
# Zero-length sequences of all types will get here and succeed,
# but that's a minor nit. Since the original implementation
# allowed empty dicts that type of behavior probably should be
# preserved for consistency
except TypeError:
ty, va, tb = sys.exc_info()
raise_with_traceback(TypeError("not a valid non-string sequence "
"or mapping object"), tb)
l = []
if not doseq:
for k, v in query:
if isinstance(k, bytes):
k = quote_plus(k, safe)
else:
k = quote_plus(str(k), safe, encoding, errors)
if isinstance(v, bytes):
v = quote_plus(v, safe)
else:
v = quote_plus(str(v), safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
else:
for k, v in query:
if isinstance(k, bytes):
k = quote_plus(k, safe)
else:
k = quote_plus(str(k), safe, encoding, errors)
if isinstance(v, bytes):
v = quote_plus(v, safe)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
elif isinstance(v, str):
v = quote_plus(v, safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
else:
try:
# Is this a sufficient test for sequence-ness?
x = len(v)
except TypeError:
# not a sequence
v = quote_plus(str(v), safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
else:
# loop over the sequence
for elt in v:
if isinstance(elt, bytes):
elt = quote_plus(elt, safe)
else:
elt = quote_plus(str(elt), safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + elt)
return str('&').join(l)
# Utilities to parse URLs (most of these return None for missing parts):
# unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
# splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'
# splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'
# splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'
# splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'
# splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'
# splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'
# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
# splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
# '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]
# splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'
# urllib.parse.unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'
# quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def')
def to_bytes(url):
"""to_bytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'."""
# Most URL schemes require ASCII. If that changes, the conversion
# can be relaxed.
# XXX get rid of to_bytes()
if isinstance(url, str):
try:
url = url.encode("ASCII").decode()
except UnicodeError:
raise UnicodeError("URL " + repr(url) +
" contains non-ASCII characters")
return url
def unwrap(url):
"""unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'."""
url = str(url).strip()
if url[:1] == '<' and url[-1:] == '>':
url = url[1:-1].strip()
if url[:4] == 'URL:': url = url[4:].strip()
return url
_typeprog = None
def splittype(url):
"""splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'."""
global _typeprog
if _typeprog is None:
import re
_typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')
match = _typeprog.match(url)
if match:
scheme = match.group(1)
return scheme.lower(), url[len(scheme) + 1:]
return None, url
_hostprog = None
def splithost(url):
"""splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'."""
global _hostprog
if _hostprog is None:
import re
_hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/?]*)(.*)$')
match = _hostprog.match(url)
if match:
host_port = match.group(1)
path = match.group(2)
if path and not path.startswith('/'):
path = '/' + path
return host_port, path
return None, url
_userprog = None
def splituser(host):
"""splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
global _userprog
if _userprog is None:
import re
_userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
match = _userprog.match(host)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return None, host
_passwdprog = None
def splitpasswd(user):
"""splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'."""
global _passwdprog
if _passwdprog is None:
import re
_passwdprog = re.compile('^([^:]*):(.*)$',re.S)
match = _passwdprog.match(user)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return user, None
# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
_portprog = None
def splitport(host):
"""splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'."""
global _portprog
if _portprog is None:
import re
_portprog = re.compile('^(.*):([0-9]+)$')
match = _portprog.match(host)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return host, None
_nportprog = None
def splitnport(host, defport=-1):
"""Split host and port, returning numeric port.
Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
Return numerical port if a valid number are found after ':'.
Return None if ':' but not a valid number."""
global _nportprog
if _nportprog is None:
import re
_nportprog = re.compile('^(.*):(.*)$')
match = _nportprog.match(host)
if match:
host, port = match.group(1, 2)
try:
if not port: raise ValueError("no digits")
nport = int(port)
except ValueError:
nport = None
return host, nport
return host, defport
_queryprog = None
def splitquery(url):
"""splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'."""
global _queryprog
if _queryprog is None:
import re
_queryprog = re.compile('^(.*)\?([^?]*)$')
match = _queryprog.match(url)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return url, None
_tagprog = None
def splittag(url):
"""splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'."""
global _tagprog
if _tagprog is None:
import re
_tagprog = re.compile('^(.*)#([^#]*)$')
match = _tagprog.match(url)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return url, None
def splitattr(url):
"""splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
'/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]."""
words = url.split(';')
return words[0], words[1:]
_valueprog = None
def splitvalue(attr):
"""splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'."""
global _valueprog
if _valueprog is None:
import re
_valueprog = re.compile('^([^=]*)=(.*)$')
match = _valueprog.match(attr)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return attr, None
``` |
Kurt Ott (9 December 1912 – 19 April 2001) was a cyclist from Switzerland. He won the silver medal in the team road race at the 1936 Summer Olympics along with Ernst Nievergelt and Edgar Buchwalder.
References
1912 births
2001 deaths
Swiss male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Switzerland
Olympic silver medalists for Switzerland
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists from Zürich
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics |
This is a list of German television related events from 1990.
Events
29 March - Chris Kempers & Daniel Kovac are selected to represent Germany at the 1990 Eurovision Song Contest with their song "Frei zu leben". They are selected to be the thirty-fifth German Eurovision entry during Ein Lied für Zagreb held at the German Theatre in Munich.
8 July - West Germany beat Argentina 1-0 to win the 1990 World Cup at Rome, Italy.
3 October - German reunification: All FTA channels broadcast reunification themed events in Berlin and other major cities.
Debuts
Domestic
7 January - Talk im Turm (1990–1999) (Sat. 1)
19 January - Zeil um Zehn (1990–1993) (Hessen 3)
21 January - Tutti Frutti (1990–1993) (RTL)
23 August - Mit den Clowns kamen die Tränen (1990) (Das Erste)
17 October - Ein Schloß am Wörthersee (1990–1993) (RTL)
27 December - Kartoffeln mit Stippe (1990) (ZDF)
International
9 January - Hey Dad..! (1987–1994) (Das Erste)
21 March - Moonlighting (1985–1989) (RTLplus)
21 July - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987–1996) (RTL)
8 September - Count Duckula (1988–1993) (Das Erste)
13 October - / Alfred J. Kwak (1989–1990) (ZDF)
10 November - / Pingu (1986-2006, 2017–Present) (ZDF)
13 November - / Babar (1989–1991) (ARD)
December - / My Pet Monster (1987) (Tele 5)
Armed Forces Network
The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! (1989)
Eureeka's Castle (1989–1995)
Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (1989–1990)
/ Beetlejuice (1989–1991)
Garfield and Friends (1988–1994)
BFBS
24 September - Emlyn's Moon (1990)
1 October - The Brollys (1990)
10 October - The Dreamstone (1990–1995)
12 October - Rosie and Jim (1990–2000)
2 November - How 2 (1990–2006)
3 December - Keeping Up Appearances (1990–1995)
12 December - Uncle Jack (1990–1993)
Nellie the Elephant (1990–1991)
Round the Twist (1989–2001)
Alfonso Bonzo (1990–1991)
Tales of Aesop (1990)
Kappatoo (1990–1992)
The Gift (1990)
// The Further Adventures of SuperTed (1989)
Television shows
1950s
Tagesschau (1952–present)
1960s
heute (1963-present)
1970s
heute-journal (1978-present)
Tagesthemen (1978-present)
1980s
Wetten, dass..? (1981-2014)
Lindenstraße (1985–present)
Ending this year
22 December - Formel Eins (1983-1990)
Births
Deaths |
```html
<!doctype html>
<html>
<title>npm-install-test</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../static/style.css">
<link rel="canonical" href="path_to_url">
<script async=true src="../../static/toc.js"></script>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<h1>npm <a href="../cli/install-test.html">install-test</a></h1> <p>Install package(s) and run tests</p>
<h2 id="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<pre><code>npm install-test (with no args, in package dir)
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<tag>
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<version>
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<version range>
npm install-test <tarball file>
npm install-test <tarball url>
npm install-test <folder>
alias: npm it
common options: [--save|--save-dev|--save-optional] [--save-exact] [--dry-run]</code></pre><h2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>This command runs an <code>npm install</code> followed immediately by an <code>npm test</code>. It
takes exactly the same arguments as <code>npm install</code>.</p>
<h2 id="see-also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../cli/npm-install.html">npm-install(1)</a></li>
<li><a href="../cli/npm-test.html">npm-test(1)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 id=npmlogo>
<tr><td style="width:180px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=18> </td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td colspan=6 style="width:60px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 style="width:20px;height:30px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=4 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:20px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=2> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="width:60px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=6> </td><td colspan=10 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=5 style="width:50px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:90px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=9> </td></tr>
</table>
<p id="footer">npm-install-test — npm@6.4.1</p>
``` |
```elixir
defmodule Wallaby.Integration.Browser.InvalidSelectorsTest do
use Wallaby.Integration.SessionCase, async: true
import Wallaby.Query, only: [css: 1]
describe "with an invalid selector state" do
test "find returns an exception", %{session: session} do
assert_raise Wallaby.QueryError, ~r/The css 'checkbox:foo' is not a valid query/, fn ->
find(session, css("checkbox:foo"))
end
end
test "assert_has raises an exception", %{session: session} do
assert_raise Wallaby.QueryError, ~r/The css 'checkbox:foo' is not a valid query/, fn ->
assert_has(session, css("checkbox:foo"))
end
end
test "refute_has raises an exception", %{session: session} do
assert_raise Wallaby.QueryError, ~r/The css 'checkbox:foo' is not a valid query/, fn ->
refute_has(session, css("checkbox:foo"))
end
end
end
end
``` |
Saint Alvia, formerly The Saint Alvia Cartel, was a band formed in 2005 from Burlington, Ontario, Canada. The band's self-titled debut album was nominated for a Juno Award for Rock Album of the Year at the 2008 Juno Awards.
History
Saint Alvia was formed by Rob Pasalic (formerly of Boys Night Out) and Greg Taylor (formerly of Jersey and Grade). The band is named after Ernest Alvia Smith, Canada's last living recipient of the Victoria Cross for valor in World War II.
With roots in punk rock, the band drew inspiration from other genres which included rock and roll, blues, soul, dancehall reggae, country, new wave and hip hop. After recording and releasing demo tracks via MySpace in 2006, the band was signed to Montreal's Stomp Records and released their self-titled debut album in May 2006. The lead single "Don't Wanna Wait Forever" was released in the summer of 2007 and went into the Top 20 for Modern Rock Radio in Canada.
The band followed the 2007 release with 2008's critically acclaimed Between the Lines.
Saint Alvia played their final show on 7 December 2013.
They reunited [at least] one last time for Walk off the Earth's Mike Taylor's Memorial and Tribute Concert.
Members
Greg Taylor – Vocals / Guitar
Ben Rispin – Vocals
Matt Richmond – Drums / Vocals
Greg Fisher – Guitar / Vocals
Jon Laurin – Keyboards
Adam Michael – Bass, Backing Vocals
Former members
Brandon Bliss – Keyboards / Vocals
Rob Pasalic – Vocals / Guitar
Chuck Coles – Bass
Mike Casarin – Bass
Additional musicians
Fatty McGinty of the Creepshow- Trombone (Try To Forget)
John Coombs of The Next Best Thing – Trumpet (Try To Forget)
Adam Michaels – Guitar (Stones On The Road)
Jon Atley – Bongoes (Don't Wanna Wait Forever)
Laura Jane Bradfield – Vocals (Blonde Kryptonite)
Between The Lines
Fatty McGinty of The Creepshow – Trombone (Decadencia De Civilizacion, Roll With it)
Ricky Snips of The Snips – Trumpet (Decadencia De Civilizacion, Roll With it, Mornings In Feng Tu)
Wade Mcneil of Alexisonfire/Black Lungs – Additional Vocals ( Mornings in Feng Tu)
Discography
Albums
The Saint Alvia Cartel – 4 song demo (2006 – Self Released)
The Saint Alvia Cartel (2007 – Stomp Records)
Between The Lines (2008 – Stomp Records)
Jonxer 7-inch (2010 – Paper and Plastic)
Static Psalms (2013 – Divergent Recordings)
Compilations
Borrowed Tunes – A Neil Young Tribute (Thrasher)
Juiceboxdotcom.com compilation – Don't Wanna Wait Forever ( Phil B's Sunshine Remix)
Singles
Don't Wanna Wait Forever
Time To Go
Blonde Kryptonite
Between The Lines
Walk Before You Run DMC
Romeo
Mothers Day
Define Me
Awards
2009 MuchMusic Video Awards: Best Post-Production ( The Saint Alvia Cartel – "Blonde Kryptonite" (post-production: Nick Flook, Mike Sevigny & Jeff Middleton)) – Nominated
Juno Awards of 2008: Rock Album of the Year(The Saint Alvia Cartel) – Nominated
Juno Awards of 2009: Best Video – Blonde Kryptonite ( Directed by Davin Black)-Nominated
2009 FU Awards: – Best FU song ( Romeo)- Nominated
2008 Hamilton Music Awards: Best Punk Album of the Year – Nominated
2008 Hamilton Music Awards: Video of The Year ( Between The Lines Directed by Davin Black, Produced by Ben Rispin) – Nominated
2007 Hamilton Music Awards: Best New Band – Won
Interviews
Saint Alvia’s new album out next Tuesday ups the politics Interview with TorontoMusicScene.ca
Saint Alvia Cartel article July 2007
Altsounds: interview
Truth Explosion: article
Supernova: article
City News: article
See also
List of bands from Canada
References
Musical groups established in 2005
Canadian indie rock groups
Musical groups from the Regional Municipality of Halton
Musical groups disestablished in 2013
2005 establishments in Ontario
2013 disestablishments in Ontario |
Yuliya Kancheva (July 7, 1956 – June 11, 2019) was a Bulgarian actress, television producer and film director.
Biography
Kancheva was born July 1st, 1956 in Sofia, Bulgaria. She graduated from the Krastyo Sarafov National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts in Sofia in 1980 with a specialty in film directing, studying under professor Yanko Yankov.
Kancheva was an author and director of 17 documentary movies, two TV series, one feature-length short story, a TV feature film, and several TV shows made for the Bulgarian National Television (BNT).
Kancheva was a member of the International Documentary Association (IDA), as well as the National Union of Bulgarian Film Makers, and the National Bulgarian Union of Journalists.
The New Bulgarian University named her "Teacher of the Year" in 2008.
Awards received
In 1989, Yuliya Kancheva received the "Silver Dragon" award from the Film Festival in Krakow, Poland, for the movie "Zhivotat e pred nas", (1988).
Filmography
As a director or a producer
Bez Semeina Prilika (2004)
Made in Bulgaria (1992)
Viensko Kolelo (1991)
Zhivotat e pred nas (1988)
As an actress
Yudino Zhelyazo (1989)
Adios, Muchachos (1978)
References
1956 births
2019 deaths
Bulgarian film actresses
Bulgarian television producers
National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts alumni
Academic staff of New Bulgarian University
Actresses from Sofia
20th-century Bulgarian actresses
Women television producers
Bulgarian women film directors |
The Taranaki Basin is an onshore-offshore Cretaceous rift basin on the West Coast of New Zealand. Development of rifting was the result of extensional stresses during the breakup of Gondwanaland. The basin later underwent fore-arc and intra-arc basin development, due to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Australian Plate at the Hikurangi Subduction System. The basin covers approximately 100,000 km2 of which the majority is offshore. The basin contains mostly marine sediment, with significant terrestrial sediment from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene. The majority of New Zealand's oil and gas production occurs within the basin, with over 400 wells and approximately 20 oil and gas fields being drilled.
Overview
The Taranaki Basin lies on the West coast of the North Island of New Zealand in the Taranaki Region, and is approximately 400 km west of the current Pacific-Australian plate boundary. It covers approximately 100,000 km2 and contains up to 9 km in sediment. The basin is divided into two main components, the Western Platform and Eastern Mobile Belt, formerly known as the Taranaki Graben. The Western Platform is a relatively undeformed, stable block compared to the Eastern Mobile Belt. While it underwent block faulting throughout the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene, it has been stable since. This section of the basin contains between 2000 and 5000m of sediment, dating from the Late Cretaceous to present. The Western Platform is separated from the Eastern Mobile Belt on the East by the Cape Egmont fault zone, a northwest trending fault zone consisting of multiple subparallel reverse and normal faults. The Eastern Mobile Belt consists of multiple grabens and contains multiple compressional features, including overthrusts, reverse faults, and inversion structures. The Eastern Mobile Belt extends from this fault zone to the north-south trending Taranaki fault zone, which is adjacent to the a large upthrust basement block that divides the Taranaki Basin from the later-formed, eastward Wanganui Basin.
Nature
The Blue whale, Southern right whale and the critically endangered Maui's dolphin are living beings in the sea in Taranaki Basin, or live near the coast of Taranaki. For the Blue whale it is a breeding ground.
Tectonic Evolution
Basement Structure
Pre-rift rocks in the Taranaki Basin are typically considered basement rocks. The Taranaki basement is extremely heterogeneous, with metasediments and granites representing the original Gondwana Craton, and granitoids, volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks, and accretionary complexes representing later accretionary terrains and plutons.
Rifting
Formation of the Taranaki Basin initiated in the Late Cretaceous, due to the separation of Australia and Zealandia during the breakup of Gondwanaland. This breakup caused the formation of the Tasman Sea, along with multiple extensional basins on the New Zealand subcontinent, including an intra-plate rift that formed the Taranaki Rift, which would develop into the Taranaki Basin.
Syn-rift sediments were deposited within rift controlled grabens across the basin, and are separated from the basement rock by a regional unconformity. These sedimentary layers contain faulting that is indicative of extension during deposition. They include sequencing from non-marine conglomerates to sand, silt, and then coals.
Drift
After the end of extension in the Late Cretaceous, the Taranaki Basin became a passive margin setting, with drift resulting in marine transgression. Subsidence of the basin was slow enough to allow for the massive accumulation of sediment during the Paleocene and Eocene. These Paleocene and Eocene sandstones contain the majority of the petroleum reserves found within the basin. During drift, a decline in sediment deposition occurred, with a thinning of layers from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. The sediments in this sequence lead from coastal plain deposits, to shallow marine sands, to shelf sediments.
Stratigraphy
Pakawau Group
The Pakawau group contains the oldest sediment within the Taranaki Basin, deposited between the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. It includes the Rakopi Formation (85-75 Ma) and the North Cape Formation (75-65 Ma). Rocks within this group include fluvial sandstones and marine, transgressive sandstones. In some areas within the basin, this group is more than 2000 m thick. It overlies the mostly igneous and metasedimentary basement.
Kapuni Group
The Kapuni group contains multiple formations that span the Paleocene and Eocene. These formations are, in ascending order, the Farewell Formation, Kaimiro Formation, Mangahewa Formation, and McKee Formation.
The Farewell Formation (65-55 Ma) contains mostly fluvial sandstone.
The Kaimiro Formation (55-45 Ma) contains mostly poor to moderately sorted alluvial and coastal plain sandstones with some inter-bedded micaceous and carbonaceous mudstones and siltstones. This formation is not fossiliferous.
The Mangahewa Formation (45-34 Ma) consists mostly of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and bituminous coal. This formation has good reservoir sandstones.
The McKee Formation (38-33 Ma) is easily recognizable by its coarse-grained, well sorted sandstones. Small clasts of mudstones and coal can be found throughout this formation.
Tikorangi Limestone
The Tikorangi Limestone (33-23 Ma) is composed of mostly sandy, deep-water limestone along with calcareous mudstone interbedded with calcareous sandstone. It forms a conformable contact with an 8m thick layer of glauconitic sandstone, The Matapo Sandstone Member, which lies above the formation.
Mahoenui Group
The Mahoenui Group consists of calcareous mudstones, with thinly interbedded sandstones, siltstones, and limestones. Sediment in this group was deposited during the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene.
Mokau Group
The Mokau Group is composed of shoreface sandstones with some interbedded siltstones. Layers of fluvial conglomerate and coal can be found as well. The sediment in this group represents deposition in the Early Miocene.
Wai-iti Group
The Mohakatino Formation (~17-13 Ma) is composed of silty mudstones, with andesitic, volcaniclastic sandstones.
The Mt Messenger Formation (11-9 Ma), also known as the Waikiekie Formation, is a massive sandstone unit.
The Urenui Formation (9-5 Ma) is a silty mudstone that contains occasional conglomerates.
Matemateāonga Formation
The Matemateāonga Formation (7-5 Ma) consists of shellbeds, siltstones and sandstones with interbedded conglomerate. This formation represents deposition during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene.
Recent Deposits
Andesitic volcanism began within the basin in the Miocene, and has continued until the present day.
Hydrocarbons
The majority of New Zealand's petroleum production has been within the Taranaki Basin. Over 1.8 billion barrels of BOE have been discovered, of which 70% is gas. More than 400 wells have been drilled throughout the basin, in about 20 fields. A wide variety of petroleum play types, mostly structural, can be seen throughout the basin due to its complex history. The main trap styles found within the basin are fault-dependent closures, inversion anticlines, and overthrusts.
Source Rocks
The majority of oil produced from the Taranaki basement are sourced from coals and marine shales from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene.
Current oil and gas fields within the basin
Mangahewa Field
Maui Field
Kapuni Field
Cardiff/Radno Field
Turangi/Ohanga Field
Pohokura Field
McKee Field
Tuhua Field
Tui oil field
Kupe Field
Rimu Field
Maari Field
Kaimiro Field
Cheal Field
Moturoa Field
Karewa Field
Ngatoro Field
Waihapa Field
Toko Field
See also
Geology of Taranaki
References
Zealandia
Geology of New Zealand
Taranaki |
Birgitte Kiær Ahring (born July 22, 1953) is a Danish biologist and researcher in biofuel. Since 2008, she has been employed as a professor at the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience at Aalborg University Copenhagen.
Education
Ahring graduated as cand.scient. in biology at Copenhagen University in 1982. In 1986, she acquired a PhD in microbiology, also from Copenhagen University.
Career
In 1986, Ahring became head-scientist at ‘The Nordic Council of Ministers’ biofuel research program. Also, she was employed at the Technical Folk High School of Denmark the same year.
Ahring started working as an environmental consultant at the United Nations (UN) focusing on Africa and Asia in 1992. The following year, in 1993, she was employed as a lecturer in environmental engineering at Technical University of Denmark.
In 1997, she started working as a professor in environmental engineering at University of California, Los Angeles, US, and at the same time worked at the research center, Biocentrum, at the Technical University of Denmark.
In 2004, Ahring became the leader of the Danish Center for Biofuels. Later, in 2006, she became the chief executive and owner of the company, Biogasol. Simultaneously, she started leading the Maxifuel project at the Technical University of Denmark.
As part of a collaboration between Washington State University and Aalborg University to develop a new type of biofuel, Ahring was employed as the director of both research centres, in 2008.
References
1953 births
Living people
Academic staff of Aalborg University
Danish women biologists
University of Copenhagen alumni
Danish expatriates in the United States
Washington State University faculty |
René Ladreit de La Charrière (1767–1845) was a French landlord and politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1815 to 1823. He became a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1821.
References
1767 births
1845 deaths
People from Privas
French nobility
French Ultra-royalists
Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the Bourbon Restoration
Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the Bourbon Restoration
Members of Parliament for Ardèche
French landlords
19th-century landowners
Knights of the Legion of Honour |
```kotlin
package net.corda.node.services.api
import net.corda.core.context.InvocationContext
import net.corda.core.flows.FlowLogic
import net.corda.core.flows.StateMachineRunId
import net.corda.core.serialization.SingletonSerializeAsToken
import net.corda.core.utilities.ProgressTracker
import java.time.Instant
/**
* Minimum event specific data for any audit event to be logged. It is expected that the underlying audit service
* will enrich this to include details of the node, so that in clustered configurations the source node can be identified.
*/
sealed class AuditEvent {
/**
* The UTC time point at which the audit event happened.
*/
abstract val timestamp: Instant
/**
* The invocation context at the time the event was generated.
*/
abstract val context: InvocationContext
/**
* A human readable description of audit event including any permission check results.
*/
abstract val description: String
/**
* Further tagged details that should be recorded along with the common data of the audit event.
* Examples of this might be trade identifiers, system error codes, or source IP addresses, which could be useful
* when searching the historic audit data for trails of evidence.
*/
abstract val contextData: Map<String, String>
}
/**
* Sealed data class to mark system related events as a distinct category.
*/
data class SystemAuditEvent(override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>) : AuditEvent()
/**
* Interface to mandate flow identification properties
*/
interface FlowAuditInfo {
/**
* The concrete type of FlowLogic being referenced.
* TODO This should be replaced with the fully versioned name/signature of the flow.
*/
val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>
/**
* The stable identifier of the flow as stored with Checkpoints.
*/
val flowId: StateMachineRunId
}
/**
* Sealed data class to record custom application specified flow event.
*/
data class FlowAppAuditEvent(
override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val auditEventType: String) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Sealed data class to record the initiation of a new flow.
* The flow parameters should be captured to the context data.
*/
data class FlowStartEvent(
override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Sealed data class to record ProgressTracker Step object whenever a change is signalled.
* The API for ProgressTracker has been extended so that the Step can contain some extra context data,
* which is copied into the contextData Map.
*/
data class FlowProgressAuditEvent(
override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val flowProgress: ProgressTracker.Step) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo {
override val contextData: Map<String, String> get() = flowProgress.extraAuditData
}
/**
* Sealed data class to record any FlowExceptions, or other unexpected terminations of a Flow.
*/
data class FlowErrorAuditEvent(override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val error: Throwable) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Sealed data class to record checks on per flow permissions and the verdict of these checks
* If the permission is denied i.e. permissionGranted is false, then it is expected that the flow will be terminated immediately
* after recording the FlowPermissionAuditEvent. This may cause an extra FlowErrorAuditEvent to be recorded too.
*/
data class FlowPermissionAuditEvent(override val timestamp: Instant,
override val context: InvocationContext,
override val description: String,
override val contextData: Map<String, String>,
override val flowType: Class<out FlowLogic<*>>,
override val flowId: StateMachineRunId,
val permissionRequested: String,
val permissionGranted: Boolean) : AuditEvent(), FlowAuditInfo
/**
* Minimal interface for recording audit information within the system. The AuditService is assumed to be available only
* to trusted internal components via ServiceHubInternal.
*/
interface AuditService {
fun recordAuditEvent(event: AuditEvent)
}
/**
* Empty do nothing AuditService as placeholder.
* TODO Write a full implementation that expands all the audit events to the database.
*/
class DummyAuditService : AuditService, SingletonSerializeAsToken() {
override fun recordAuditEvent(event: AuditEvent) {
//TODO Implement transformation of the audit events to formal audit data
}
}
``` |
The white-vented plumeleteer (Chalybura buffonii) is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
Taxonomy and systematics
Most taxonomic systems assign five subspecies to the white-vented plumeleteer:
C. b. micans Bangs & Barbour, 1922
C. b. buffonii Lesson, RP, (1832)
C. b. aeneicauda Lawrence, 1865
C. b. caeruleogaster Gould, (1847)
C. b. intermedia Hartert, EJO & Hartert, CBE, 1894
However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assigns C. b. intermedia as a subspecies of bronze-tailed plumeleteer (C. urochrysia).
Both C. b. caeruleogaster and C. b. intermedia have at times been proposed as separate species.
Description
The white-vented plumeleteer is long. Males weigh and females . All of the subspecies except intermedia have a black bill and black feet; that one has a pinkish base to the mandible and pale pink to red feet.
Males of the nominate subspecies C. b. buffonii have mostly dark metallic green upperparts with a bronzy tinge to the crown and coppery bronze uppertail coverts. Their upper breast is bluish, lower breast bright metallic green, the lower belly whitish, and the undertail coverts long and white. Their tail is blue-black with a bronze gloss on the central feathers. Nominate females are paler metallic green above and gray below with green speckles on the side. Their tail is like the males' with the addition of dull gray tips on the outer feathers.
Subspecies C. b. micans is larger than the nominate. Males' central tail feathers are a deeper blue and females' undersides are a clearer gray. C. b. aeneicauda males are a more golden-green below than the nominate and their central tail feathers are bright bronze-green to copper-bronze. Females have pale gray underparts with sparse green flecks. C. b. caeruleogaster is the largest subspecies. The male has a bluish green throat and belly and a blue breast. Females have gray underparts with no flecking. C. b. intermedia males have a greenish-blue breast, a gray belly, and a dark blue tail.
Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of white-vented plumeleteer are distributed thus:
C. b. micans, central and eastern Panama, western Colombia, and Colombia's Cauca River and far upper Magdalena River valleys
C. b. buffonii, from central Colombia's upper and middle Magdalena valley east through extreme northeastern Colombia into northwestern Venezuela
C. b. aeneicauda, Colombia's lower Magdalena valley and Santa Marta region and east into western and north-central Venezuela
C. b. caeruleogaster, eastern slope of Colombia's Eastern Andes
C. b. intermedia, southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru
The white-vented plumeleteer inhabits a variety of landscapes including the edges and interiors of dry, moist, and wet forests, semi-open woodlands, secondary forest, and scrublands. The subspecies differ somewhat in their requirements; only caeruleogaster and sometimes buffonii frequent the interior of wet forest. In elevation the species ranges from sea level to as high as .
Behavior
Movement
The white-vented plumeleteer is not known to migrate or make seasonal movements.
Feeding
The white-vented plumeleteer forages for nectar at a wide variety of flowering plants from the understory almost to the canopy. It mostly forages by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowers, but also aggressively defends rich patches. In addition to nectar it catches small arthropods by hawking from a perch, hovering, and hover-gleaning from vegetation and spider webs.
Breeding
The white-vented plumeleteer's breeding seasons vary across its range, including September in Panama, February to August in the Magdalena valley, June to November in the Eastern Andes, and perhaps year-round in parts of Venezuela. Its nest is a cup of plant down bound with spiderweb with moss and lichen on the outside. Nests have been found on tree branches as high as above the ground. The only nest that was closely monitored held two eggs and its single hatchling fledged in 21 days.
Vocalization
The white-vented plumeleteer's song has not been described in words, but it is known to make "chip" notes while foraging.
Status
The IUCN has assessed the white-vented plumeleteer as being of least concern. It has a large range and an estimated population of at least 500,000 mature individuals, though the latter is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to fairly common in most areas and seems to be able to tolerate some habitat disturbance. Deforestation of C. b. caeruleogasters range is extensive, however.
References
External links
white-vented plumeleteer
Birds of Panama
Birds of Colombia
Birds of Venezuela
white-vented plumeleteer
Taxa named by René Lesson
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
is a museum in Chūō-ku, Niigata, Japan. It is also called .
Access
Transit bus
There is a Niigata City Loop Bus stop ' ' near the museum.
There is another bus stop ' ', 8 minutes' walk away from the museum. Transit bus operated by Niigata Kotsu C70 (line: C7) runs from Niigata Station Bandai Exit.
Water Shuttle
Shinanogawa Water Shuttle: MINATOPIA
See also
Northern Culture Museum
References
External links
MINATOPIA
Minatopia - Niigata Pref. Official Travel Guide (multilingual)
Museums in Niigata Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Niigata (city)
Giyōfū architecture |
The 1972–73 Honduran Liga Nacional season was expected to be the 8th edition of the Honduran Liga Nacional. However, on 12 August 1972, due to economic problems the tournament was cancelled after nine weeks completed. It's unclear how Club Deportivo Olimpia and C.D.S. Vida obtained berths to the 1973 CONCACAF Champions' Cup.
1972–73 teams
Atlético Indio (Tegucigalpa)
Broncos (Choluteca)
España (San Pedro Sula)
Marathón (San Pedro Sula)
Motagua (Tegucigalpa)
Olimpia (Tegucigalpa)
Platense (Puerto Cortés)
Troya (Tegucigalpa)
Universidad (Tegucigalpa, promoted)
Vida (La Ceiba)
Broncos bought Verdún's franchise
Regular season
Standings
The tournament was canceled after nine rounds.
Squads
Known results
References
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras seasons
1
Honduras
Honduras |
```smalltalk
//
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.
namespace AsmTools
{
public enum NumerationEnum
{
UNKNOWN,
HEX,
BIN,
DEC,
OCT,
}
public static partial class AsmSourceTools
{
public static NumerationEnum ParseNumeration(string str, bool strIsCapitals)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))
{
return NumerationEnum.UNKNOWN;
}
switch (ToCapitals(str, strIsCapitals).Trim())
{
case "HEX": return NumerationEnum.HEX;
case "BIN": return NumerationEnum.BIN;
case "DEC": return NumerationEnum.DEC;
case "OCT": return NumerationEnum.OCT;
default: return NumerationEnum.UNKNOWN;
}
}
}
}
``` |
```xml
import { Readable } from 'stream';
declare namespace getRawBody {
export type Encoding = string | true;
export interface Options {
/**
* The expected length of the stream.
*/
length?: number | string | null;
/**
* The byte limit of the body. This is the number of bytes or any string
* format supported by `bytes`, for example `1000`, `'500kb'` or `'3mb'`.
*/
limit?: number | string | null;
/**
* The encoding to use to decode the body into a string. By default, a
* `Buffer` instance will be returned when no encoding is specified. Most
* likely, you want `utf-8`, so setting encoding to `true` will decode as
* `utf-8`. You can use any type of encoding supported by `iconv-lite`.
*/
encoding?: Encoding | null;
}
export interface RawBodyError extends Error {
/**
* The limit in bytes.
*/
limit?: number;
/**
* The expected length of the stream.
*/
length?: number;
expected?: number;
/**
* The received bytes.
*/
received?: number;
/**
* The encoding.
*/
encoding?: string;
/**
* The corresponding status code for the error.
*/
status: number;
statusCode: number;
/**
* The error type.
*/
type: string;
}
}
/**
* Gets the entire buffer of a stream either as a `Buffer` or a string.
* Validates the stream's length against an expected length and maximum
* limit. Ideal for parsing request bodies.
*/
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: Buffer) => void
): void;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options: (getRawBody.Options & { encoding: getRawBody.Encoding }) | getRawBody.Encoding,
callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: string) => void
): void;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options: getRawBody.Options,
callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: Buffer) => void
): void;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options: (getRawBody.Options & { encoding: getRawBody.Encoding }) | getRawBody.Encoding
): Promise<string>;
declare function getRawBody(
stream: Readable,
options?: getRawBody.Options
): Promise<Buffer>;
export = getRawBody;
``` |
Kalateh-ye Arab or Kalateh Arab () may refer to:
Kalateh-ye Arab, Razavi Khorasan
Kalateh-ye Arab, South Khorasan
Kalateh-ye Arabha |
The Old Cadet Chapel at the United States Military Academy is a church and location of funeral and memorial services. It is the oldest chapel at West Point, having originally been built in 1836. The chapel was originally located in the cadet area near present-day Bartlett Hall, but was disassembled brick-by-brick and moved to the West Point Cemetery when the current Cadet Chapel opened in 1910. Lutheran services are held at the old chapel on Sunday mornings during the school year.
There are marble plaques on the walls commemorating the generals of the American Revolution. Benedict Arnold's plaque contains only the inscription "Major General — Born 1740", his name omitted due to his treason.
References
External links
United States Military Academy
Military chapels of the United States
University and college chapels in the United States
Relocated buildings and structures in New York (state)
Churches completed in 1836
19th-century churches in the United States
Religious buildings and structures in New York (state)
1836 establishments in New York (state) |
```smalltalk
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
using System;
namespace Microsoft.Toolkit.Uwp.SampleApp.Common
{
/// <summary>
/// Command with a name for Sample Shell Commands.
/// </summary>
public class SampleCommand : DelegateCommand
{
public string Label { get; set; }
public SampleCommand(string name, Action action)
: base(action)
{
Label = name;
}
}
}
``` |
JumpStart Games, Inc., formerly Knowledge Adventure, Inc., was an American edutainment video game company based in Torrance, California. Founded in 1991, it was acquired by Chinese holding company NetDragon Websoft in 2017.
History
Until 1994, Knowledge Adventure had created DOS games.
On November 5, 1996, CUC International announced that it would acquire Knowledge Adventure and was completed on February 3, 1997, its Davidson & Associates subsidiary that CUC acquired in February 1996 will later merge with Knowledge Adventure in October 1998.
On May 28, 1997, CUC International announced plans to merge with Hospitality Franchise Systems to create a single, "one-stop" entity. The merger was finalized in December that year and created Cendant. As a result of the merger, CUC Software was renamed Cendant Software. On November 20, 1998, French media company Havas (later acquired by water utility Vivendi) announced that it would acquire Cendant Software for in cash and up to contingent on the performance of Cendant Software. Subsequently, the division was renamed Havas Interactive.
During that time, Knowledge Adventure released many branded games such as JumpStart, Dr. Brain, Fisher-Price, Barbie, Bear in the Big Blue House, Blaster, Teletubbies, Noddy, Jurassic Park III, Captain Kangaroo, Curious George and American Idol.
Knowledge Adventure released JumpStart Baby in 2000.
In October 2004, Vivendi sold Knowledge Adventure to a group of investors interested in taking a more active management strategy, and in developing new educational software. The company has since released new products under both the JumpStart and Math Blaster brands.
In October 2012, Knowledge Adventure changed its name to JumpStart Games.
On March 17, 2014, JumpStart Games purchased Neopets from Viacom.
On July 7, 2017, JumpStart Games was acquired by Chinese online game publisher NetDragon Websoft.
Back-catalog digital re-releases
On November 25, 2014, five Knowledge Adventure titles were re-released digitally as DRM-Free exclusives on ZOOM-Platform.com through a partnership between JumpStart Games and the Jordan Freeman Group. The five titles included 3D Body Adventure, 3D Dinosaur Adventure, Dinosaur Adventure (Original), Space Adventure, and Undersea Adventure.
On March 6, 2015, another Knowledge Adventure title, Bug Adventure, was re-released digitally as a DRM-Free exclusive on ZOOM-Platform.com. This title was also released through the partnership between JumpStart and the Jordan Freeman Group. ZOOM-Platform.com indicated the game was released due to the "incredible reaction" they got to the first batch of Knowledge Adventure titles.
Closure and transfer of Neopets
On June 13, 2023, Jumpstart Games announced the closure of the company and the end of support of all games, excluding Neopets, on June 30, 2023. The company officially closed July 1, 2023 at 3am EST with servers and their website also shutting down. No reason upon the closure was given.
Neopets has been transferred over to Fluffy Dog Studios which was formerly JumpStart Vancouver.
References
Educational software companies
Software companies based in California
Video game companies of the United States
Video game companies established in 1991
Video game development companies
Companies based in Torrance, California
Former Vivendi subsidiaries
2017 mergers and acquisitions
Video game companies disestablished in 2023
1991 establishments in California
2023 disestablishments in California |
Šljivovik (Serbian Cyrillic: Шљивовик) is a mountain in southern Serbia, near the town of Bela Palanka. Its highest peak Šljivovički vrh has an elevation of 1258 meters above sea level.
References
Mountains of Serbia |
Why We Suck: A Feel Good Guide to Staying Fat, Loud, Lazy and Stupid is a 2008 book written by actor and comedian Denis Leary.
Overview
Leary is credited on the book cover as "Dr. Denis Leary", a reference to a joke from his 1993 stand-up special, No Cure for Cancer. During the show he mentions he wants to write a self-help book entitled "Shut the Fuck Up, by Dr. Denis Leary", with the "advice" being telling the people seeking help the one thing no one has ever told them to do ("shut the fuck up"), which he believes would help people more than actual advice.
Leary also uses the "Doctor" title because of an honorary doctorate bestowed upon him by his alma mater Emerson College. "Sure it's just a celebrity type of thing-they only gave it to me because I'm famous." Leary jokes. "But it's legal and it means I get to say I'm a doctor just like Dr. Phil!" In the book, he refers to Dr. Phil as "Dr. Full".
The book reached #7 on the New York Times Best Sellers list in December, 2008.
References
2008 non-fiction books
Comedy books |
```c++
/// Source : path_to_url
/// Author : liuyubobobo
/// Time : 2023-04-22
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
/// BFS + Dijkstra
/// Time Complexity: O(n^2 * log(n^2))
/// Space Complexity: O(n^2)
class Solution {
private:
int R, C;
const int INF = INT_MAX / 2;
const int dirs[4][2] = {{1, 0}, {-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}};
public:
int challengeOfTheKeeper(vector<string>& maze) {
R = maze.size(), C = maze[0].size();
int sx = -1, sy = -1, tx = -1, ty = -1;
for(int i = 0; i < R && (sx == -1 || tx == -1); i ++)
for(int j = 0; j < C && (sx == -1 || tx == -1); j ++)
if(maze[i][j] == 'S') sx = i, sy = j;
else if(maze[i][j] == 'T') tx = i, ty = j;
vector<vector<int>> tdis = bfs(maze, tx, ty);
if(tdis[sx][sy] == INF) return -1;
vector<vector<int>> w(R, vector<int>(C, INF));
for(int i = 0; i < R; i ++)
for(int j = 0; j < C; j ++){
if(maze[i][j] == 'S' || maze[i][j] == 'T'){
w[i][j] = 0; continue;
}
if(maze[i][j] == '#') continue;
int res = 0;
if(maze[R - 1 - i][j] != '#') res = max(res, tdis[R - 1 - i][j]);
if(maze[i][C - 1 - j] != '#') res = max(res, tdis[i][C - 1 - j]);
w[i][j] = res;
}
vector<vector<int>> res = dij(maze, w, sx, sy);
return res[tx][ty] == INF ? -1 : res[tx][ty];
}
private:
vector<vector<int>> dij(const vector<string>& maze, const vector<vector<int>>& w, int sx, int sy){
vector<vector<int>> dis(R, vector<int>(C, INF));
dis[sx][sy] = 0;
vector<vector<bool>> visited(R, vector<bool>(C, false));
priority_queue<pair<int, int>, vector<pair<int, int>>, greater<>> pq;
pq.push({0, sx * C + sy});
while(!pq.empty()){
int cd = pq.top().first, cx = pq.top().second / C, cy = pq.top().second % C; pq.pop();
if(visited[cx][cy]) continue;
visited[cx][cy] = true;
for(int d = 0; d < 4; d ++){
int nx = cx + dirs[d][0], ny = cy + dirs[d][1];
if(in_area(nx, ny) && maze[nx][ny] != '#' && dis[nx][ny] > max(cd, w[nx][ny])){
dis[nx][ny] = max(cd, w[nx][ny]);
pq.push({dis[nx][ny], nx * C + ny});
}
}
}
return dis;
}
vector<vector<int>> bfs(const vector<string>& maze, int sx, int sy){
vector<vector<int>> dis(R, vector<int>(C, INF));
dis[sx][sy] = 0;
queue<pair<int, int>> q;
q.push({sx, sy});
while(!q.empty()){
int cx = q.front().first, cy = q.front().second; q.pop();
for(int d = 0; d < 4; d ++){
int nx = cx + dirs[d][0], ny = cy + dirs[d][1];
if(in_area(nx, ny) && maze[nx][ny] != '#' && dis[nx][ny] == INF){
dis[nx][ny] = dis[cx][cy] + 1;
q.push({nx, ny});
}
}
}
return dis;
}
bool in_area(int x, int y){
return 0 <= x && x < R && 0 <= y && y < C;
}
};
int main() {
return 0;
}
``` |
Triple M Gold Coast (ACMA callsign: 4GLD) is an Australian radio station in Queensland. Owned and operated as part of Southern Cross Austereo's Triple M network, it broadcasts a Mainstream Rock format to Gold Coast, Queensland. The radio station was originally 4GG on the AM band, and broadcasting commenced on 30 September 1965, with Frank Warrick reading the first words broadcast. The station moved to the FM band in 1989 as Triple G – later KROQ, then Gold FM. In November 2019 it was rebranded Triple M.
Programming
5am-9am: Triple M Breakfast with Ali, Flan and Spida
9am-12pm: Rod Maldon
12pm-3pm: Nelly
3pm-4pm: The Marty Sheargold Show
4pm-6pm: The Rush Hour with Liesel, Liam and Dobbo
7pm-10pm: Triple M Nights with Dave Gleeson
References
External links
Radio stations established in 1989
Radio stations on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Adult contemporary radio stations in Australia
[[Category:1989 establishments in Australia][] |
```go
/*
See path_to_url
*/
package mysql
import (
gosql "database/sql"
"fmt"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/github/gh-ost/go/sql"
"github.com/openark/golib/log"
"github.com/openark/golib/sqlutils"
)
const (
MaxTableNameLength = 64
MaxReplicationPasswordLength = 32
MaxDBPoolConnections = 3
)
type ReplicationLagResult struct {
Key InstanceKey
Lag time.Duration
Err error
}
func NewNoReplicationLagResult() *ReplicationLagResult {
return &ReplicationLagResult{Lag: 0, Err: nil}
}
func (this *ReplicationLagResult) HasLag() bool {
return this.Lag > 0
}
// knownDBs is a DB cache by uri
var knownDBs map[string]*gosql.DB = make(map[string]*gosql.DB)
var knownDBsMutex = &sync.Mutex{}
func GetDB(migrationUuid string, mysql_uri string) (db *gosql.DB, exists bool, err error) {
cacheKey := migrationUuid + ":" + mysql_uri
knownDBsMutex.Lock()
defer knownDBsMutex.Unlock()
if db, exists = knownDBs[cacheKey]; !exists {
db, err = gosql.Open("mysql", mysql_uri)
if err != nil {
return nil, false, err
}
db.SetMaxOpenConns(MaxDBPoolConnections)
db.SetMaxIdleConns(MaxDBPoolConnections)
knownDBs[cacheKey] = db
}
return db, exists, nil
}
// GetReplicationLagFromSlaveStatus returns replication lag for a given db; via SHOW SLAVE STATUS
func GetReplicationLagFromSlaveStatus(informationSchemaDb *gosql.DB) (replicationLag time.Duration, err error) {
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(informationSchemaDb, `show slave status`, func(m sqlutils.RowMap) error {
slaveIORunning := m.GetString("Slave_IO_Running")
slaveSQLRunning := m.GetString("Slave_SQL_Running")
secondsBehindMaster := m.GetNullInt64("Seconds_Behind_Master")
if !secondsBehindMaster.Valid {
return fmt.Errorf("replication not running; Slave_IO_Running=%+v, Slave_SQL_Running=%+v", slaveIORunning, slaveSQLRunning)
}
replicationLag = time.Duration(secondsBehindMaster.Int64) * time.Second
return nil
})
return replicationLag, err
}
func GetMasterKeyFromSlaveStatus(connectionConfig *ConnectionConfig) (masterKey *InstanceKey, err error) {
currentUri := connectionConfig.GetDBUri("information_schema")
// This function is only called once, okay to not have a cached connection pool
db, err := gosql.Open("mysql", currentUri)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer db.Close()
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, `show slave status`, func(rowMap sqlutils.RowMap) error {
// We wish to recognize the case where the topology's master actually has replication configuration.
// This can happen when a DBA issues a `RESET SLAVE` instead of `RESET SLAVE ALL`.
// An empty log file indicates this is a master:
if rowMap.GetString("Master_Log_File") == "" {
return nil
}
slaveIORunning := rowMap.GetString("Slave_IO_Running")
slaveSQLRunning := rowMap.GetString("Slave_SQL_Running")
if slaveIORunning != "Yes" || slaveSQLRunning != "Yes" {
return fmt.Errorf("Replication on %+v is broken: Slave_IO_Running: %s, Slave_SQL_Running: %s. Please make sure replication runs before using gh-ost.",
connectionConfig.Key,
slaveIORunning,
slaveSQLRunning,
)
}
masterKey = &InstanceKey{
Hostname: rowMap.GetString("Master_Host"),
Port: rowMap.GetInt("Master_Port"),
}
return nil
})
return masterKey, err
}
func GetMasterConnectionConfigSafe(connectionConfig *ConnectionConfig, visitedKeys *InstanceKeyMap, allowMasterMaster bool) (masterConfig *ConnectionConfig, err error) {
log.Debugf("Looking for master on %+v", connectionConfig.Key)
masterKey, err := GetMasterKeyFromSlaveStatus(connectionConfig)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if masterKey == nil {
return connectionConfig, nil
}
if !masterKey.IsValid() {
return connectionConfig, nil
}
masterConfig = connectionConfig.Duplicate()
masterConfig.Key = *masterKey
log.Debugf("Master of %+v is %+v", connectionConfig.Key, masterConfig.Key)
if visitedKeys.HasKey(masterConfig.Key) {
if allowMasterMaster {
return connectionConfig, nil
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("There seems to be a master-master setup at %+v. This is unsupported. Bailing out", masterConfig.Key)
}
visitedKeys.AddKey(masterConfig.Key)
return GetMasterConnectionConfigSafe(masterConfig, visitedKeys, allowMasterMaster)
}
func GetReplicationBinlogCoordinates(db *gosql.DB) (readBinlogCoordinates *BinlogCoordinates, executeBinlogCoordinates *BinlogCoordinates, err error) {
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, `show slave status`, func(m sqlutils.RowMap) error {
readBinlogCoordinates = &BinlogCoordinates{
LogFile: m.GetString("Master_Log_File"),
LogPos: m.GetInt64("Read_Master_Log_Pos"),
}
executeBinlogCoordinates = &BinlogCoordinates{
LogFile: m.GetString("Relay_Master_Log_File"),
LogPos: m.GetInt64("Exec_Master_Log_Pos"),
}
return nil
})
return readBinlogCoordinates, executeBinlogCoordinates, err
}
func GetSelfBinlogCoordinates(db *gosql.DB) (selfBinlogCoordinates *BinlogCoordinates, err error) {
err = sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, `show master status`, func(m sqlutils.RowMap) error {
selfBinlogCoordinates = &BinlogCoordinates{
LogFile: m.GetString("File"),
LogPos: m.GetInt64("Position"),
}
return nil
})
return selfBinlogCoordinates, err
}
// GetInstanceKey reads hostname and port on given DB
func GetInstanceKey(db *gosql.DB) (instanceKey *InstanceKey, err error) {
instanceKey = &InstanceKey{}
err = db.QueryRow(`select @@global.hostname, @@global.port`).Scan(&instanceKey.Hostname, &instanceKey.Port)
return instanceKey, err
}
// GetTableColumns reads column list from given table
func GetTableColumns(db *gosql.DB, databaseName, tableName string) (*sql.ColumnList, *sql.ColumnList, error) {
query := fmt.Sprintf(`
show columns from %s.%s
`,
sql.EscapeName(databaseName),
sql.EscapeName(tableName),
)
columnNames := []string{}
virtualColumnNames := []string{}
err := sqlutils.QueryRowsMap(db, query, func(rowMap sqlutils.RowMap) error {
columnName := rowMap.GetString("Field")
columnNames = append(columnNames, columnName)
if strings.Contains(rowMap.GetString("Extra"), " GENERATED") {
log.Debugf("%s is a generated column", columnName)
virtualColumnNames = append(virtualColumnNames, columnName)
}
return nil
})
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
if len(columnNames) == 0 {
return nil, nil, log.Errorf("Found 0 columns on %s.%s. Bailing out",
sql.EscapeName(databaseName),
sql.EscapeName(tableName),
)
}
return sql.NewColumnList(columnNames), sql.NewColumnList(virtualColumnNames), nil
}
// Kill executes a KILL QUERY by connection id
func Kill(db *gosql.DB, connectionID string) error {
_, err := db.Exec(`KILL QUERY %s`, connectionID)
return err
}
``` |
Mohammed bin Khalid Al Saud (born 1967) is a member of House of Saud and a businessman. He is the president and director of Al Faisaliah Group. He has been the chairman of the board of directors of the Saudi Telecom Company since 2018.
Early life and education
Mohammed bin Khalid was born in 1967. He is a grandson of Abdullah bin Faisal and therefore, a great grandson of King Faisal. Mohammed's father was Khalid bin Abdullah. His mother is a daughter of King Khalid, Al Jawhara.
Mohammed bin Khalid is a graduate of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and received a bachelor's degree in industrial management. He received an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1996.
Career
Mohammed bin Khalid started his career at Citibank in New York and Geneva. Next he served as the assistant general manager of the Saudi American Bank for seven months. Then in May 1997 he began to work as vice president at Al Faisaliah Group on the request of his uncle, Mohammed bin Abdullah who was then chairman of the company. The company was founded by Mohammed's grandfather Abdullah bin Faisal in 1970. Mohammed bin Khalid has been the president and director of the company since 2002.
Mohammed bin Khalid was appointed chairman of the Saudi Telecom Company in 2018.
Other positions and activities
Mohammed bin Khalid has been serving as a member in distinct organizations: Harvard Alumni Association in Saudi Arabia, King Faisal Foundation, Saudi Arabian National Competitiveness Center, JP Morgan Saudi Arabia and the King Salman Center for Disability Research. As of 2015 he was the JP Morgan Saudi Arabia's chairman of the board of directors.
As of March 2022 Mohammed bin Khalid was among the financiers of the Saudi Media Group which had plans to acquire the English football club Chelsea F.C.
References
Mohammed
Mohammed
1967 births
Mohammed
Mohammed
Mohammed
Living people
Mohammed |
Artem Igorevich Maltsev (; born 24 May 1993) is a Russian cross-country skier.
Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
Olympic Games
Distance reduced to 30 km due to weather conditions.
World Championships
1 medal – (1 silver)
World Cup
Season standings
Individual podiums
3 podiums – (2 , 1 )
Team podiums
1 victory – (1 )
4 podiums – (2 , 2 )
Notes
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Russian male cross-country skiers
Tour de Ski skiers
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Sportspeople from Nizhny Novgorod
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic cross-country skiers for Russia |
Karl Owen Thomas (born November 1, 1963) is a United States Navy vice admiral who serves as the 53rd commander of the United States Seventh Fleet since July 8, 2021.
Biography
Born in Fairfax, Virginia, and raised in Northern Virginia, Thomas earned a bachelor's degree in management systems from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1986. He later received a Master of Science degree in information technology from the Naval Postgraduate School.
Thomas started off as a carrier aviator in the E-2C Hawkeye; he rose quickly to serve as commanding officer of VAW-117 during Operation Iraqi Freedom. He has served on , , U.S. 6th Fleet Command Ship, , and in support of Operation Inherent Resolve.
Thomas served as the commander of Carrier Strike Group 5 for a time, deploying on out of Yokosuka, Japan. While in that role he took the opportunity to stress "Freedom of Navigation Operations" when his weaker allies couldn't. CVN 76 transited the South China Sea regularly in order to send a message to Beijing that the seas must be free and open.
He then served as Assistant Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Operations, Plans, and Strategy.
In April 2021, he was nominated for promotion to vice admiral and assignment to relieve Vice Admiral William R. Merz as commander of the United States Seventh Fleet.
In March 2023, Thomas was nominated for assignment as the deputy chief of naval operations for information warfare and Director of Naval Intelligence.
Awards and decorations
Gallery
References
|-
1963 births
Living people
People from Fairfax, Virginia
Military personnel from Fairfax County, Virginia
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
United States Naval Flight Officers
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
United States Navy admirals |
```objective-c
/* Common VxWorks target definitions for GNU compiler.
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Contributed by Wind River Systems.
Rewritten by CodeSourcery, LLC.
This file is part of GCC.
GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.
GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
for more details.
along with GCC; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301, USA. */
/* In kernel mode, VxWorks provides all the libraries itself, as well as
the functionality of startup files, etc. In RTP mode, it behaves more
like a traditional Unix, with more external files. Most of our specs
must be aware of the difference. */
/* The directory containing the VxWorks target headers. */
#define VXWORKS_TARGET_DIR "/home/tornado/base6/target"
/* Since we provide a default -isystem, expand -isystem on the command
line early. */
#undef VXWORKS_ADDITIONAL_CPP_SPEC
#define VXWORKS_ADDITIONAL_CPP_SPEC " \
%{!nostdinc:%{isystem*}} \
%{mrtp: -D__RTP__=1 \
%{!nostdinc:-isystem " VXWORKS_TARGET_DIR "/usr/h}} \
%{!mrtp:-D_WRS_KERNEL=1 \
%{!nostdinc:-isystem " VXWORKS_TARGET_DIR "/h}}"
/* The references to __init and __fini will be satisfied by
libc_internal.a. */
#undef VXWORKS_LIB_SPEC
#define VXWORKS_LIB_SPEC \
"%{mrtp:%{shared:-u " USER_LABEL_PREFIX "__init -u " USER_LABEL_PREFIX "__fini} \
%{!shared:%{non-static:-u " USER_LABEL_PREFIX "_STI__6__rtld -ldl} \
--start-group -lc -lgcc -lc_internal -lnet -ldsi \
--end-group}}"
/* The no-op spec for "-shared" below is present because otherwise GCC
will treat it as an unrecognized option. */
#undef VXWORKS_LINK_SPEC
#define VXWORKS_LINK_SPEC \
"%{!mrtp:-r} \
%{!shared: \
%{mrtp:-q %{h*} \
%{R*} %{!Wl,-T*: %{!T*: %(link_start) }} \
%(link_target) %(link_os)}} \
%{v:-V} \
%{shared:-shared} \
%{Bstatic:-Bstatic} \
%{Bdynamic:-Bdynamic} \
%{!Xbind-lazy:-z now} \
%{Xbind-now:%{Xbind-lazy: \
%e-Xbind-now and -Xbind-lazy are incompatible}} \
%{mrtp:%{!shared:%{!non-static:-static} \
%{non-static:--force-dynamic --export-dynamic}}}"
/* For VxWorks, the system provides libc_internal.a. This is a superset
of libgcc.a; we want to use it. Make sure not to dynamically export
any of its symbols, though. Always look for libgcc.a first so that
we get the latest versions of the GNU intrinsics during our builds. */
#undef VXWORKS_LIBGCC_SPEC
#define VXWORKS_LIBGCC_SPEC \
"-lgcc %{mrtp:--exclude-libs=libc_internal,libgcc -lc_internal}"
#undef VXWORKS_STARTFILE_SPEC
#define VXWORKS_STARTFILE_SPEC "%{mrtp:%{!shared:crt0.o%s}}"
#define VXWORKS_ENDFILE_SPEC ""
/* We can use .ctors/.dtors sections only in RTP mode.
Unfortunately this must be an integer constant expression;
fix up in override_options. */
#undef VXWORKS_OVERRIDE_OPTIONS
#define VXWORKS_OVERRIDE_OPTIONS do { \
targetm.have_ctors_dtors = TARGET_VXWORKS_RTP; \
} while (0)
/* The VxWorks runtime uses a clever trick to get the sentinel entry
(-1) inserted at the beginning of the .ctors segment. This trick
will not work if we ever generate any entries in plain .ctors
sections; we must always use .ctors.PRIORITY. */
#define ALWAYS_NUMBER_CTORS_SECTIONS 1
/* The name of the symbol for the table of GOTs in a particular
RTP. */
#define VXWORKS_GOTT_BASE "__GOTT_BASE__"
/* The name of the symbol for the index into the table of GOTs for the
GOT associated with the current shared library. */
#define VXWORKS_GOTT_INDEX "__GOTT_INDEX__"
#define VXWORKS_KIND VXWORKS_KIND_NORMAL
``` |
The Sound of The Shadows is the fourth rock album by British instrumental (and sometimes vocal) group The Shadows, released in July 1965 through EMI Records. The album was re-released by Capitol Records of Canada in stereo (as opposed to the original mono) on 4 October 1965.
The photograph for the alternative cover was taken outside EMI House in London in 1964, by staff photographer Tony Leigh. It was originally used as the inside cover of the Cliff Richard album Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp.
Track listing
Personnel
Hank Marvin - Lead guitar and vocals
Bruce Welch - Rhythm guitar and vocals
John Rostill - Bass guitar and vocals
Brian Bennett - Drums and percussion
Norrie Paramor - Producer and orchestral accompaniment on "Blue Sky, Blue Sea, Blue Me" and "The Windjammer"
Charts
References
1965 albums
The Shadows albums
EMI Records albums |
Trichaptum is a genus of poroid fungi. The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1904. Formerly classified in the family Polyporaceae, several molecular studies have shown that the genus belongs to the order Hymenochaetales.
Species
Trichaptum abietinum
Trichaptum agglutinatum
Trichaptum album
Trichaptum basifuscum
Trichaptum biforme
Trichaptum brastagii
Trichaptum bulbocystidiatum
Trichaptum byssogenum
Trichaptum ceraceicutis
Trichaptum deviatum
Trichaptum favoloides
Trichaptum flavum
Trichaptum fumosoavellaneum
Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum
Trichaptum griseofuscum
Trichaptum imbricatum
Trichaptum jackiae
Trichaptum lacunosum
Trichaptum laricinum
Trichaptum molestum
Trichaptum montanum
Trichaptum parvulum
Trichaptum perenne
Trichaptum perpusillum
Trichaptum perrottetii
Trichaptum podocarpi
Trichaptum polycystidiatum
Trichaptum sector
Trichaptum strigosum
Trichaptum subchartaceum
Trichaptum suberosum
Trichaptum trichomallum
Trichaptum variabilis
Trichaptum vinaceobrunneum
References
Hymenochaetales
Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill
Agaricomycetes genera |
```go
package db
import (
"encoding/base64"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"strings"
"time"
)
// CacheControl sets the default cache policy on static asset responses
func CacheControl(next http.Handler) http.HandlerFunc {
return http.HandlerFunc(func(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
cacheDisabled := ConfigCache("cache_disabled").(bool)
if cacheDisabled {
res.Header().Add("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
next.ServeHTTP(res, req)
} else {
age := int64(ConfigCache("cache_max_age").(float64))
etag := ConfigCache("etag").(string)
if age == 0 {
age = DefaultMaxAge
}
policy := fmt.Sprintf("max-age=%d, public", age)
res.Header().Add("ETag", etag)
res.Header().Add("Cache-Control", policy)
if match := req.Header.Get("If-None-Match"); match != "" {
if strings.Contains(match, etag) {
res.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotModified)
return
}
}
next.ServeHTTP(res, req)
}
})
}
// NewEtag generates a new Etag for response caching
func NewEtag() string {
now := fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Unix())
etag := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(now))
return etag
}
// InvalidateCache sets a new Etag for http responses
func InvalidateCache() error {
err := PutConfig("etag", NewEtag())
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
``` |
Leslie Haughey is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at club level for Castleford (Heritage No. 323).
References
External links
Search for "Les" at rugbyleagueproject.org
Search for "Haughey" at rugbyleagueproject.org
Leslie Haughey Memory Box Search at archive.castigersheritage.com
Les Haughey Memory Box Search at archive.castigersheritage.com
Living people
Castleford Tigers players
English rugby league players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Darling is a 1965 British romantic drama film directed by John Schlesinger from a screenplay written by Frederic Raphael. It stars Julie Christie as Diana Scott, a young successful model and actress in Swinging London, toying with the affections of two older men, played by Dirk Bogarde and Laurence Harvey. The film was shot on location in London, Paris and Rome and at Shepperton Studios by cinematographer Kenneth Higgins, with a musical score composed by Sir John Dankworth.
The film premiered at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival on July 16, 1965, and was released in cinemas in the United Kingdom on September 16 by Anglo-Amalgamated. It became a critical and commercial success, grossing $4.5 million, and received five nominations at the 38th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and won in three categories: Best Actress (for Christie), Best Original Screenplay, and Best Costume Design. It also won four BAFTA Awards: Best British Actor (Bogarde), Best British Actress (Christie), Best British Screenplay and Best Art Direction (Black-and-White).
Plot
Diana Scott is a beautiful, bored young model married to Tony Bridges. One day Diana meets Robert Gold, a literary interviewer/director for television arts programmes, by chance when she is spotted on the street by his roving film crew and interviewed by him about young people's views on convention. Diana is invited to watch the final edit in the TV studio, and it's there that their relationship starts. After liaisons in bleak hotel rooms, they leave their spouses (and, in Robert's case, children) and move into an apartment.
As a couple they become part of the fashionable London media/arts set. Initially, Diana is jealous when Robert sees his wife while visiting his children, but she quickly loses this attachment when she mixes with the males of the media, arts and advertising scene, particularly Miles Brand, a powerful advertising executive for the Glass Corporation, who gets her a part in a trashy thriller after she has sex with him. The bookish Robert prefers the quiet life; it is he who now becomes jealous but increasingly detached, depressed and lonely.
Diana attends a high-class charity draw for world hunger for which she is the face. The event, adorned by giant images of African famine victims, is juxtaposed with wealthy guests behaving decadently and gorging themselves with food. Diana later becomes pregnant and decides to have an abortion to sustain her career.
She flies to Paris with Miles for more jet-set sophistication. There she finds the wild party, beat music, strip dance mind game and cross-dressing vaguely repellent but slowly adjusts and holds her own, gaining the respect of the crowd when she taunts Miles during the game. On her return to London, Robert calls her a whore upon discovering her affair with Miles and leaves her, for which she is not emotionally prepared. Miles then, casts her as "The Happiness Girl" in the Glass Corporation's advertising campaign for a chocolate firm.
Diana finds comfort in the company of gay photographer Malcolm, who has created her new famous look. They go shopping, where she randomly decides to shoplift several items. On location at a palazzo near Rome, Diana smiles in her medieval/Renaissance costume and completes "The Happiness Girl" shoot. She is taken with the beauty of the building and the landscape, getting on well with the prince, Cesare, who owns the palazzo. With the friendly Malcolm, Diana decides to stay in Italy. They stay in a simple house by a small harbor in Capri, where Diana flirts half-heartedly with Catholicism. They are visited by Cesare, who arrives in a huge launch, invites them on board and proposes to Diana. She politely declines his proposal, but Cesare leaves the offer open.
Diana returns to London, still living in the flat she shared with Robert, where she has a party with Miles and other assorted media characters. Robert comes by to visit Diana but sees that she's with Miles and departs. Becoming disillusioned with Miles and the vacuous London jet set, Diana flirts with the Catholic church again. Impulsively, she flies to Italy and marries the prince, which proves to be ill-fated. Though waited on hand and foot by the servants, she is almost immediately abandoned in the vast palazzo by Cesare, who visits Rome frequently.
Diana flees to London to visit Robert, who charms her into bed, making her believe they are ready for a stable, long-term relationship. However in the morning he tells her that he's leaving her and that he fooled her only as an act of revenge. He reserves a flight to Rome, packs her into his car and takes her to Heathrow airport to send her back to her life as Princess Della Romita. At the airport Diana is hounded by the press, who address her as Princess. She boards the plane to leave.
Cast
Production
According to Richard Gregson, agent for John Schlesinger, the budget was around £300,000 and was entirely provided by Nat Cohen at Anglo-Amalgamated.
Shirley MacLaine originally was cast as Diana, but was replaced by Christie. Production on Darling commenced in August 1964 and wrapped in December. It was filmed on location in London, Paris, and Rome. The Romita palazzo was portrayed by the Medici villa. The final scene was shot at Heathrow Airport in London.
In 1971, New York magazine wrote of mod fashion and its wearers: "This new, déclassé English girl was epitomized by Julie Christie in Darling—amoral, rootless, emotionally immature, and apparently irresistible."
Reception
Despite receiving many awards at the time of release, the film later developed a mixed reputation. In his New Biographical Dictionary of Film entry on Schlesinger, David Thomson writes that the film "deserves a place in every archive to show how rapidly modishness withers. Beauty is central to the cinema and Schlesinger seems an unreliable judge of it, over-rating Christie and rarely getting close enough to the action to make a fruitful stylistic bond with it". Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide described it as a "trendy, influential '60s film – in flashy form and cynical content". Tony Rayns though, in the Time Out Film Guide, is as damning as Thomson. For him, the film is a "leaden rehash of ideas from Godard, Antonioni and Bergman", although with nods to the "Royal Court school", which "now looks grotesquely pretentious and out of touch with the realities of the life-styles that it purports to represent."
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Darling holds an approval rating of 67% from 18 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10.
Box office
The film was a commercial success, grossing $12 million at the worldwide box office against a budget of only £400,000. It earned $4 million in theatrical rentals.
According to Richard Gregson, the film only earned £250,000 in the United Kingdom, but Nat Cohen sold the U.S. rights to Joe E. Levine for $900,000 and made a profit – and the film was more successful in the U.S.
Accolades
See also
BFI Top 100 British films
References
External links
Darling at the British Film Institute
1965 films
1960s British films
1960s English-language films
1965 romantic drama films
British black-and-white films
British romantic drama films
Films about fashion in the United Kingdom
Films about modeling
Films directed by John Schlesinger
Films featuring a Best Actress Academy Award-winning performance
Films scored by John Dankworth
Films set in London
Films set in Paris
Films set in Rome
Films shot in London
Films shot in Paris
Films shot in Rome
Films shot in Tuscany
Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award
Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award |
Glaucocharis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1938.
Species
References
Diptychophorini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick |
```python
from scipy.stats import multivariate_normal
from scipy.signal import convolve2d
import matplotlib
try:
matplotlib.pyplot.figure()
matplotlib.pyplot.close()
except Exception:
matplotlib.use('Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import os
# the colormap should assign light colors to low values
TERRAIN_CMAP = 'Greens'
DEFAULT_PATH = '/tmp/mujoco_terrains'
STEP = 0.1
def generate_hills(width, height, nhills):
'''
@param width float, terrain width
@param height float, terrain height
@param nhills int, #hills to gen. #hills actually generted is sqrt(nhills)^2
'''
# setup coordinate grid
xmin, xmax = -width/2.0, width/2.0
ymin, ymax = -height/2.0, height/2.0
x, y = np.mgrid[xmin:xmax:STEP, ymin:ymax:STEP]
pos = np.empty(x.shape + (2,))
pos[:, :, 0] = x; pos[:, :, 1] = y
# generate hilltops
xm, ym = np.mgrid[xmin:xmax:width/np.sqrt(nhills), ymin:ymax:height/np.sqrt(nhills)]
mu = np.c_[xm.flat, ym.flat]
sigma = float(width*height)/(nhills*8)
for i in range(mu.shape[0]):
mu[i] = multivariate_normal.rvs(mean=mu[i], cov=sigma)
# generate hills
sigma = sigma + sigma*np.random.rand(mu.shape[0])
rvs = [ multivariate_normal(mu[i,:], cov=sigma[i]) for i in range(mu.shape[0]) ]
hfield = np.max([ rv.pdf(pos) for rv in rvs ], axis=0)
return x, y, hfield
def clear_patch(hfield, box):
''' Clears a patch shaped like box, assuming robot is placed in center of hfield
@param box: rllab.spaces.Box-like
'''
if box.flat_dim > 2:
raise ValueError("Provide 2dim box")
# clear patch
h_center = int(0.5 * hfield.shape[0])
w_center = int(0.5 * hfield.shape[1])
fromrow, torow = w_center + int(box.low[0]/STEP), w_center + int(box.high[0] / STEP)
fromcol, tocol = h_center + int(box.low[1]/STEP), h_center + int(box.high[1] / STEP)
hfield[fromrow:torow, fromcol:tocol] = 0.0
# convolve to smoothen edges somewhat, in case hills were cut off
K = np.ones((10,10)) / 100.0
s = convolve2d(hfield[fromrow-9:torow+9, fromcol-9:tocol+9], K, mode='same', boundary='symm')
hfield[fromrow-9:torow+9, fromcol-9:tocol+9] = s
return hfield
def _checkpath(path_):
if path_ is None:
path_ = DEFAULT_PATH
if not os.path.exists(path_):
os.makedirs(path_)
return path_
def save_heightfield(x, y, hfield, fname, path=None):
'''
@param path, str (optional). If not provided, DEFAULT_PATH is used. Make sure the path + fname match the <file> attribute
of the <asset> element in the env XML where the height field is defined
'''
path = _checkpath(path)
plt.figure()
plt.contourf(x, y, -hfield, 100, cmap=TERRAIN_CMAP) # terrain_cmap is necessary to make sure tops get light color
plt.savefig(os.path.join(path, fname), bbox_inches='tight')
plt.close()
def save_texture(x, y, hfield, fname, path=None):
'''
@param path, str (optional). If not provided, DEFAULT_PATH is used. Make sure this matches the <texturedir> of the
<compiler> element in the env XML
'''
path = _checkpath(path)
plt.figure()
plt.contourf(x, y, -hfield, 100, cmap=TERRAIN_CMAP)
xmin, xmax = x.min(), x.max()
ymin, ymax = y.min(), y.max()
# for some reason plt.grid does not work here, so generate gridlines manually
for i in np.arange(xmin,xmax,0.5):
plt.plot([i,i], [ymin,ymax], 'k', linewidth=0.1)
for i in np.arange(ymin,ymax,0.5):
plt.plot([xmin,xmax],[i,i], 'k', linewidth=0.1)
plt.savefig(os.path.join(path, fname), bbox_inches='tight')
plt.close()
``` |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="path_to_url">
<ItemGroup>
<Filter Include="Source Files">
</Filter>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\SampleParticlesImpactParticles\Main.cpp">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\SampleParticlesImpactParticles\SampleSceneController.cpp">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\SampleParticlesImpactParticles\SampleUIController.cpp">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\SampleParticlesImpactParticles\SampleSceneController.h">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\SampleParticlesImpactParticles\SampleUIController.h">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
``` |
King Madzikane was the founder and a King of the amaBhaca Nation.
Family
King Madzikane's father was King Khalimesh. His firstborn was Crown Prince Sonyangwe followed by Prince Ncapai. However, because of the Mfecane wars, Prince Sonyangwe the crown prince was burnt to death at night in his hut by traitors from the Memela who were vassals of the AmaBhele Clan of u-Mdingi who were subjects of King Madzikane while he still reigned. Prince Sonyangwe died at Rode before he could become King of amaBhaca people.
Therefore, on the death of King Madzikane, Prince Ncaphayi was crowned King of all AmaBhaca people but because his elder brother Sonyangwe had left behind two sons in Natal, (i.e. Princes Mdutyane and Thiba), King Ncaphayi was obliged to share the throne with Sonyangwes' heir. When Prince Mdutyane was only twenty-one, King Ncaphayi died in a war against the AmaMpondo King Faku. Crown Prince Mdutyane was crowned King of all the AmaBhaca Clans and hence became the supreme ruler of the whole AmaBhaca nation consisting of more than forty-four different Clans scattered all over southern Natal.
Wives
King Ncapayi had many wives. Indlu Enkulu birth to Prince Diko and
Prince Sogoni. From his second wife, bore Prince Makaula. His third wife Iqadi Lendlu Enkulu bore Prince Dabula. King Madzikane's kingdom is currently being revived by the Reat House of King Ncapayi, Inkosi King Madzikane II Thandisizwe Diko. The home of the AmaBhacas and their Kingdom is in Mount Frere, KwaBhaca in the Eastern Cape.
King Ncapayi is said to have been a fearless freebooter, a diplomat of note who showed even more intelligence than his father and was respected by many nations (Soga, p. 444)
Death
After many vicissitudes, the AmaBhaca Nation moved down into Thembuland where they attached the amaTshatshu and AmaGcina AbaThembu Kingdom, causing the amaTshatshu to flee to Prince Maqoma for safety. The Paramouncy (AmaXhosa Kingdom), AbaThembu and AmaMpondomise combined forces and crushed the AmaBhaca, killing they leader who was King Madzikane(1823-1865).
The AmaBhaca Kingdom and the AmaMpondo Kingdom entered into an uneasy alliance and launched a joint attack on the AmaBomvana Kingdom , but this was repulsed by the Paramount, King Hintsa. According to Reverend Soga, during the same year in which King Ncapayi’s father King Madzikane was killed, King Ncaphayi entered Thembuland to avenge his father’s death. The AbaThembus under King Ngubengcuka made an ineffectual stand and the AbaBhaca nation swept away a large number of cattle.
Before King Madzikane died, and because of the relationship he had with King Faku, he advised his son to temporarily be a tributary king in Mpondoland. He indeed did that and Faku at this time welcomed the AmaBhaca people as this also coincided with the arrival of Nqetho, a chief of the AmaQwabe clan who had moved from Natal running away from King Tshaka's army because he could not serve under King Dingane. When he entered Mpondoland and tried to secure land by violence, King Faku was anxious to get rid of him and therefore secured assistance from Ncaphayi to eject Nqetho. AmaBhaca drove them back into Natal and King Dingane issued instructions to kill Nqetho.
Soon after Prince Sonyangwe's death King Madzikane died, but before he died he split the Kingdom of the AmaBhaca Kingdom between his deceased crown prince and his son Prince Ncaphayi.
The AbaThembu Kingdom defeat by the AmaBhaca Kingdom, also led to King Faku of AmaMpondo Kingdom making an arrangement with King Ncapayi when the AmaMpondos wanted to attack the AbaThembus. They entered into Thembuland on three successive occasions and each time their raid was a success.
Soga asserts that cupidity is said to have been the force that brought King Faku and King Ncapayi to work together. It is also cupidity that is said to have destroyed their good working relationship. Because they were both strong, it became difficult to know which one was more powerful than the other. King Ncapayi attacked Nyanda, the right hand section of the AmaMpondos under Prince Ndamase, the son of King Faku. He raided Nyanda successfully. Meanwhile, the alarm had been raised with King Faku and he assembled a powerful army and this came up with the AmaBhacas and attacked them on all sides. Faku drove the AmaBhaca people before him onto the kuNowalala Ridge. King Ncaphayi was wounded and forced over the edge, falling onto a ledge some distance from the bottom. He was in helpless condition with both arms broken, besides a severe assegai (spear) wound. He lay there for days, persuading those who came to look at him to put an end to his misery and kill him. And sibobi No one could do this until King Faku gave orders that he must be killed. King Madzikane’s son, King Ncapayi died in 1885.
Ncapai
King Ncapai (also spelt as Ncapayi or Ncaphayi) was the king of the AmaBhaca people between 1826 until his death in 1846. He was the second son from the first wife of King Madzikane ka Zulu. The first born being Prince Sonyangwe his elder brother. He resided at his father's royal residence in Mpoza great place facing Mganu mountains and also build another residence in the nearby Lutateni. While trying to attack mpondo people due to Maitland treaty he fell off the cliff died in a place called Nowalala near Ntabankulu in March 1844. King Faku kaNgqungqushe ordered he must be killed to save him from pain and agony he had suffered as for days he had plunged beneath the cliff. Ncapayi is said to have been a ruthless freebooter.
1837
In about 1837, Boers arrived in Natal with herds of cattle and the AmaBhaca Nation saw an opportunity to attack and raid. Between 1837 and 1840, the Bhacas teamed up with the Bushmen and raided the Boers.
1838
In about February 1838, the Boers settled in the upland of Natal and had successfully set the foundation upon which they could build the Republic of Natalia. After their victories over Dingane, they extended northward to uMfolozi and St. Lucia Bay (Blue Book on Native Affairs, 1885). The Boers had managed to make arrangements with other kings and therefore no longer considered them as potential enemies. For example, they considered King Faku a friendly king and rated Ncapayi a threat as he had a powerful military.
When the Boers returned, they decided to attack the AmaBhacas (Bryant, p. 400) and raided with 700 men and 50 horses (Nchanga, 119). This is said to have provided the spark for the British intervention in the Bhacaland. (At this time this land had become part of Natal). There is an area near the town of Maclear which is still called Ncapayiland (Kapayiland – because they could not pronounce “Nca”).
1845
By 1845 the AmaBhacas had already been stripped of their Kingdom by the Maitland Treaty. King Ncapayi, the first enemy in the Maitland Treaty died and was survived by his first son Diko. But he would be reduced to a headman later on.
He led the AmaBhaca nation for thirty-five years from 1845 to 1880 after the death of his father iKumkani King Ncapayi ka Madzikane. INkosi King Diko was the grandson of King Madzikane Ka Zulu.
1880
iNkosi King Diko was a fierce leader who fought against the annexation of the land by the British colonial government. He resisted handing over the AmaBhaca nation so its people could become British subjects. As a result of his resistance to the oppressive rule of the colonisers he was not a favourite of the colonial government of his time. The government decided to overthrow him in 1880. The oppression of King Diko’s house had been felt by all eight generations, for a period of 130 years.
According to the writings of Anderson Mhlawuli Makaula (1988), by virtue of birth, and according to tradition, King Diko was the heir to iKumkani King Ncaphayi. But because some of the councillors of AmaBhaca liked Mamjucu, the mother of Makaula, she was fraudulently made a great wife, hence her son attained chieftainship. Makhohlisa (the mother of Prince Diko and prince Sogoni) who was King Ncaphayi’s wife of the great house (u-Ndlunkulu), was not loved by these councillors, hence they plotted against her.
It happened that King Ncaphayi had killed a man in one of the Mfecane battles and according to AmaBhaca tradition, iNkosi was not supposed to have any contact with his wives until he had undergone some medical treatment. A separate accommodation was to be provided for him. King Ncaphayi was then placed in isolation for a stipulated period. The councillors under Qulu Siwela further conspired so that the wife who goes to cook for iNkosi King Ncaphayi while he is in isolation, and conceives during that period, would be the one who would give birth to the chief that would succeed him after his death.
After iNkosi King Ncaphayi’s death, King Diko (his first and eldest son) led the AmaBhaca Nation from 1845. iNkosi King Diko was always in conflict with the British government and he blatantly refused the annexation of the AmaBhaca nation's land. When the British supremacy pervaded the Transkei Territory during the 1860s, the government pioneered the annexation of the Transkeian Territories. The amakhosi were to give up their power and become subjects of the British Colonial Government. Magistrates were to take over power from the amaKhosi, especially those who refused to submit their nations to be under British rule. iNkosi King Diko was one of those traditional leaders who resisted and he was then overthrown, deposed, and made headman by the Colonial Government in 1880.
Battles were fought throughout this period. For example, a friend to iNkosi King Diko was iNkosi King Mhlontlo of amaMpondomise who is said to have killed a magistrate at Qumbu while resisting annexation. Other amaKhosi who accepted annexation were rewarded for their loyalty to the colonial government and were looked after and treated well.
The plan to destroy any trace of iNkosi King Diko and his descendants has prevailed over generations after this great hero had died. Even today, King Diko’s files, from iNkosi King Diko himself, King Qoza ka-Diko, Prince Mthakathi ka-Qoza, King Mabhijela ka-Mthakathi, King Dingumhlaba ka-Mabhijela and King Mzawugugi ka-Dingumhlaba (all the descendants of King Diko) have been removed from the archives in Mthatha. The big question is: What happened to these files and where are they?
AmaBhaca are mainly found in the small towns such as Mount Frere, uMzimkhulu, Xopo and some surrounding areas. The isiBhaca language is a mixture of isiXhosa, isiZulu and isiSwati. The language of isiSwati was influenced by the fact that King Madzikane’s mother was from one of the Royal Houses of the Swatis of aMalambo. He grew up within the AmaSwatis from his mother’s side and therefore spoke the language. Although he accepts that he is not an authority on this, Jordan, A.C. (1953) argues and also asserts that in the traditional history of the Bhacas, “u-Dlamini and kwaDlamini” figure a great deal (P.5). He further states that the AmaBhaca language was stifled to death chiefly by isiXhosa through, amongst others, schools and churches and that a large number of enlightened Bhacas were taught to look down upon their mother tongue.
Diko is the first son of King Ncapayi, (Queen Makhohlisa a daughter of AmaDzanibe clan was the first wife of King Ncapayi) with his younger brother Prince Sogoni from the first wife of King Ncaphayi. The younger brother from the second wife was Inkosi King Makaula followed by Inkosi King Dabula and others from other younger wives. Inkosi King Madzikane ll Diko is the crown prince of iNkosi King Dilizintaba, ka King Dingumhlaba, ka King Mabhijelai, ka ka King Mthakathi, ka King Qoza ka King Diko ka King Ncaphayi, ka King Madzikane, ka King Khalimeshe, ka King Vebi, ka King Wabane, ka King Didi, ka King Dlungwana, Mzulu 2nd, ka King Ntombela, ka King Mzulu 1st, ka King Malandela, ka King Luzumana , King Mnguni 2nd .
INkosi King Madzikane II Thandisizwe Diko is currently the head of kwaBhaca/EmaBhacweni Traditional Council at ELundzini Royal Kraal, Ncunteni Great Place, EmaBhacweni A/A in Mount Frere, KwaBhaca.
AmaBhaca Nation were therefore stripped off their dignity and their Kingdomship by the colonial powers, the Boers, the Griquas and later on, the apartheid did not make it any better. The home of the AmaBhacas is in Mount Frere, while other AmaBhacas who went back to KwaZulu are in Mzimkhulu and Ixopo under the AmaZulu Kingdom.
See also
List of Bhaca kings
References
External links
Bhaca| AmaBhaca
Ethnic groups in South Africa
19th-century monarchs in Africa
South African chiefs
Monarchies of South Africa
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown |
Jakub Sypek (born 7 April 2001) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lechia Gdańsk, on loan from Widzew Łódź.
Career
Sypek started playing football for the youth sides of Sparta Paczków and Orzeł Ząbkowice Śląskie, before joining the Zagłębie Lubin academy in 2015. He performed well in the Zagłębie II team earning him a chance to train with the first team in 2020. Sypek made his first team debut against Wisła Płock in the Ekstraklasa. Sypek continued to feature for the second team, and made a few sparse appearances for the first team, going on a season long loan to Górnik Polkowice in 2021, however he returned to Zagłębie in January 2022 after 6 months at Górnik and having made 12 appearances for the club in all competitions.
In 2022 Sypek made a permanent move to Widzew Łódź making 15 league appearances for Widzew in the Ekstraklasa. While Sypek featured regularly for Widzew, he only started twice in the league during the 2022–23 season. It was therefor decided to send him on loan for the following season to increase his playing time. During the July 2023 he made the loan move to recently relegated Lechia Gdańsk in the I liga.
Personal life
Sypek's brother Michał is also a footballer. Both played in the academies of Sparta Paczków and Orzeł Ząbkowice Śląskie.
References
2001 births
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Poland men's youth international footballers
Zagłębie Lubin players
Górnik Polkowice players
Widzew Łódź players
Lechia Gdańsk players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players |
Strategicon is a series of gaming conventions held in Southern California, focusing on role-playing games, Board Games, card games and miniatures gaming.
There are three annual conventions under the Strategicon banner, each held on a different three-day holiday weekend and running from Friday to Monday:
Orccon (President's Day weekend, mid-February)
Gamex (Memorial Day weekend, late May)
Gateway (Labor Day weekend, late August / early September)
Strategicon events are currently based out of the Hilton Los Angeles Airport Hotel
References
External links
Strategicon homepage
Hilton LAX Homepage
Gaming conventions
Role-playing conventions
Annual events in California |
```php
<?hh // strict
/* HH_IGNORE_ERROR[1002] */
$translations = array(
'date and time format' =>
'H:i:s D d/m/Y', //used by date() function
//Translations for IndexController
'Facebook CTF' =>
'Facebook CTF',
'Conquer the world' =>
'Conquista el mundo',
'Play' =>
'Jugar',
'Welcome to the Facebook Capture the Flag Competition. By clicking "Play," you will be entered into the official CTF challenge. Good luck in your conquest.' =>
'Bienvenido a la competicin CTF de Facebook. Al hacer clic en "Jugar," entrars en la competicin CTF. Mucha suerte!.',
'Get ready for the CTF to start and access the gameboard now!' =>
'Preprate para competir y acceder al panel de juego!',
'Gameboard' =>
'Panel de juego',
'Register Team' =>
'Registrar equipo',
'Get ready for the CTF to start and register your team now!' =>
'Preprate para competir y registrar tu equipo!',
'Login' =>
'Inciar sesin',
'Soon' =>
'Prximamente',
'Upcoming Game' =>
'Prximo juego',
'_days' =>
'_das',
'_hours' =>
'_horas',
'_minutes' =>
'_minutos',
'_seconds' =>
'_segundos',
'Official CTF Rules' =>
'Reglas Oficiales de CTF',
'Following actions are prohibited, unless explicitly told otherwise by event Admins.' =>
'Las siguientes acciones se encuentran prohibidas, si no son permitidas explcitamente por los Administradores del evento.',
'Rule' =>
'Regla',
'Cooperation' =>
'Cooperacin',
'No cooperation between teams with independent accounts. Sharing of keys or providing revealing hints to other teams is cheating, dont do it.' =>
'Los equipos con cuentas independientes no pueden cooperar entre s. Compartir claves o pistas con otros equipos es hacer trampa, no lo hagas.',
'Attacking Scoreboard' =>
'Puntuaciones de Ataque',
'No attacking the competition infrastructure. If bugs or vulns are found, please alert the competition organizers immediately.' =>
'Prohibido atacar la infraestructura de la competencia. Si se encuentra alguna vulnerabilidad, por favor alerten inmediatamente a los organizadores.',
'Sabotage' =>
'Sabotaje',
'Absolutely no sabotaging of other competing teams, or in any way hindering their independent progress.' =>
'Est totalmente prohibido sabotear a otros equipos dentro del juego, o impedir el progreso de algn otro modo.',
'Bruteforcing' =>
'Fuerza Bruta',
'No brute forcing of challenge flag/ keys against the scoring site.' =>
'No aplicar fuerza bruta contra el sitio para las claves o soluciones del reto.',
'Denial Of Service' =>
'Denegacin De Servicio',
'DoSing the CTF platform or any of the challenges is forbidden.' =>
'Queda prohibido hacer ataques de denegacin de servicio a la plataform de CTF.',
'Legal' =>
'Legal',
'Disclaimer' =>
'Disclaimer',
'By participating in the contest, you agree to release Facebook and its employees, and the hosting organization from any and all liability, claims or actions of any kind whatsoever for injuries, damages or losses to persons and property which may be sustained in connection with the contest. You acknowledge and agree that Facebook et al is not responsible for technical, hardware or software failures, or other errors or problems which may occur in connection with the contest.' =>
'Al participar en el concurso, usted acepta liberar a Facebook y sus empleados, y a la organizadora del evento de cualquier responsabilidad, reclamos o acciones de cualquier tipo por lesiones, daos o prdidas a las personas y bienes que puedan ir en relacin con el concurso. Usted reconoce y acepta que Facebook y otros no se hacen responsables de fallos tcnicos, de hardware o software, u otros errores o problemas que pueden ocurrir relacionados al concurso',
'If you have any questions about what is or is not allowed, please ask an organizer.' =>
'Si tiene alguna pregunta acerca de lo que est o no permitido, consulte a un organizador.',
'Have fun!' =>
'Divirtete!',
'Name' =>
'Nombre',
'Email' =>
'Correo electrnico',
'Token' =>
'Token',
'Team Registration' =>
'Registro de equipo',
'Team Name' =>
'Nombre de equipo',
'Password' =>
'Contrasea',
'Choose an Emblem' =>
'Elige un emblema',
'or upload your own' =>
'o sube tus propios',
'Clear your custom emblem to use a default emblem.' =>
'Elimine su emblema personalizado para usar un emblema predeterminado.',
'Password is too simple' =>
'La contrasea es demasiado simple',
'Sign Up' =>
'Regstrate',
'Register to play Capture The Flag here. Once you have registered, you will be logged in.' =>
'Regstrate aqu para jugar Capture The Flag. Una vez registrado, acceders al sitio.',
'Not Available' =>
'No disponible',
'Team Registration will be open soon, stay tuned!' =>
'El registro de equipos se habilitar pronto, mantente al tanto!',
'Try Again' =>
'Intentar Nuevamente',
'Select' =>
'Seleccionar',
'Team Login' =>
'Acceso de equipo',
'Please login here. If you have not registered, you may do so by clicking "Sign Up" below. ' =>
'Por favor inicia sesin aqu. Si no lo hiciste, puedes hacerlo haciendo clic en "Registro" ms abajo. ',
'Team Login will be open soon, stay tuned!' =>
'El Acceso de Equipo se abrir pronto, mantente al tanto!',
'ERROR' =>
'ERROR',
'Start Over' =>
'Iniciar',
'Window is too small' =>
'La ventana es muy pequea',
'For the best CTF experience, please make window size bigger.' =>
'Para una mejor experiencia, por favor agranda tu ventana.',
'Thank you.' =>
'Gracias.',
'Logout' =>
'Cerrar sesin',
'Registration' =>
'Registro',
'Play CTF' =>
'Jugar CTF',
'Rules' =>
'Reglas',
//Translations for GameboardController
'Admin' =>
'Admin',
'ADMIN' =>
'ADMIN',
'Navigation' =>
'Navegacin',
'View Mode' =>
'Modo visualizacin',
'View mode' =>
'Modo visualizacin',
'Tutorial' =>
'Tutorial',
'Scoreboard' =>
'Puntuaciones',
'You' =>
'T',
'Others' =>
'Otros',
'All' =>
'Todos',
'Leaderboard' =>
'Ranking',
'Announcements' =>
'Anuncios',
'Teams' =>
'Equipos',
'Filter' =>
'Filtrar',
'Activity' =>
'Actividad',
'Game Clock' =>
'Reloj de juego',
//Translations for AdminController
'Auto' =>
'Auto',
'All Categories' =>
'Todas las categoras',
'Open' =>
'Abrir',
'Tokenized' =>
'Tokenized',
'Hour' =>
'Hora',
'Hours' =>
'Horas',
'Used by' =>
'Utilizado por',
'Used By' =>
'Utilizado Por',
'Available' =>
'Disponible',
'Registration Tokens' =>
'Tokens de registro',
'Create More' =>
'Crear ms',
'Export Available' =>
'Exportar disponibles',
'Not started yet' =>
'No inici an',
'Configuration' =>
'Configuracin',
'Tokens' =>
'Tokens',
'Game Configuration' =>
'Configuracin del juego',
'OK' =>
'OK',
'status_' =>
'estado_',
'On' =>
'On',
'Off' =>
'Off',
'Player Names' =>
'Nombre de los jugadores',
'Players Per Team' =>
'Jugadores por equipo',
'Registration Type' =>
'Tipo de registro',
'Strong Passwords' =>
'Contraseas Sseguras',
'Team Selection' =>
'Seleccin de equipo',
'Password Types' =>
'Politica de contraseas',
'Game' =>
'Juego',
'Scoring' =>
'Puntuacin',
'Progressive Cycle (s)' =>
'Ciclos progresivos',
'Refresh Gameboard' =>
'Refrescar panel de juego',
'Default Bonus' =>
'Bonus por defecto',
'Bases Cycle (s)' =>
'Ciclos Base',
'Default Bonus Dec' =>
'Bonus Dec por defecto',
'Game Schedule' =>
'Calendario',
'Game Start Year' =>
'Ao de inicio',
'Game End Year' =>
'Ao de fin',
'Day' =>
'Da',
'Month' =>
'Mes',
'Minute' =>
'Minuto',
'Timer' =>
'Temporizador',
'Server Time' =>
'Tiempo del servidor',
'Game Duration' =>
'Duracin del juego',
'Begin Time' =>
'Tiempo de inicio',
'Expected End Time' =>
'Tiempo de finalizacin esperado',
'Internationalization' =>
'Internacionalizacin',
'Language' =>
'Lenguaje',
'Branding' =>
'Marca',
'Custom Logo' =>
'Logotipo personalizado',
'Logo' =>
'Logo',
'Custom Text' =>
'Texto personalizado',
'DELETE' =>
'BORRAR',
'Delete' =>
'Borrar',
'No Announcements' =>
'No hay anuncios',
'Game Controls' =>
'Controles del juego',
'Write New Announcement here' =>
'Escribir nuevo anuncio aqu',
'Create' =>
'Crear',
'General' =>
'General',
'Back Up Database' =>
'Hacer copia de seguridad de la base de datos',
'Export Full Game' =>
'Juego completo de exportacin',
'Import Full Game' =>
'Juego completo de importacin',
'Import Teams' =>
'Equipos de importacin',
'Export Teams' =>
'Exportar equipos',
'Import Logos' =>
'Importar logos',
'Export Logos' =>
'Exportar logos',
'Import Levels' =>
'Niveles de importacin',
'Export Levels' =>
'Niveles de exportacin',
'Import Categories' =>
'Categoras de importacin',
'Export Categories' =>
'Categoras de exportacin',
'Levels' =>
'Niveles',
'New Quiz Level' =>
'Nuevo nivel acertijo',
'Title' =>
'Ttulo',
'Question' =>
'Pregunta',
'Level title' =>
'Ttulo del nivel',
'Quiz question' =>
'Acertijo',
'Country' =>
'Pas',
'Answer' =>
'Respuesta',
'Points' =>
'Puntos',
'Hint' =>
'Pista',
'Hint Penalty' =>
'Penalizacin de la pista',
'EDIT' =>
'EDITAR',
'All Quiz Levels' =>
'Todos los niveles acertijo',
'Filter By:' =>
'Filtrar por:',
'All Status' =>
'Todos los estados',
'Enabled' =>
'Habilitado',
'Disabled' =>
'Deshabilitado',
'Quiz Level' =>
'Nivel acertijo',
'Show Answer' =>
'Mostrar respuesta',
'Bonus' =>
'Bonus',
'-Dec' =>
'-Dec',
'Save' =>
'Guardar',
'Quiz Management' =>
'Administracin de acertijos',
'Add Quiz Level' =>
'Aadir nuevo nivel de acertijo',
'New Flag Level' =>
'Nuevo nivel bandera',
'Description' =>
'Descripcin',
'Level description' =>
'Descripcin del divel',
'Category' =>
'Categora',
'Flag' =>
'Bandera',
'flag' =>
'bandera',
'All Flag Levels' =>
'Todos los niveles bandera',
'New Attachment:' =>
'Nuevo adjunto:',
'Attachment' =>
'Adjunto',
'Link' =>
'Link',
'New Link:' =>
'Nuevo Link:',
'Flag Level' =>
'Nivel bandera',
'Categories' =>
'Categorias',
'+ Attachment' =>
'+ Adjunto',
'+ Link' =>
'+ Link',
'Flags Management' =>
'Administrar banderas',
'Add Flag Level' =>
'Aadir nivel bandera',
'New Base Level' =>
'Nuevo nivel base',
'Keep Points' =>
'Mantener puntos',
'Capture points' =>
'Capturar puntos',
'All Base Levels' =>
'Todos los niveles base',
'Base Level' =>
'Nivel base',
'Bases Management' =>
'Administrar bases',
'Add Base Level' =>
'Aadir Nivel Base',
'New Category' =>
'Nueva categora',
'Category: ' =>
'Categora: ',
'Categories Management' =>
'Administrar categoras',
'Add Category' =>
'Aadir Categora',
'All Countries' =>
'Todos lo pases',
'In Use' =>
'En uso',
'In use' =>
'En uso',
'Not Used' =>
'Sin usar',
'Yes' =>
'Si',
'No' =>
'No',
'ISO Code' =>
'Cdigo ISO',
'Countries Management' =>
'Adminsitrar pases',
'No Team Names' =>
'No hay nombre de equipos',
'time' =>
'tiempo',
'type' =>
'tipo',
'pts' =>
'pts',
'Level' =>
'Nivel',
'level' =>
'nivel',
'No Scores' =>
'No hay puntaciones',
'Attempt' =>
'Intento',
'No Failures' =>
'Sin fallas',
'Team' =>
'Equipo',
'team' =>
'equipo',
'Names' =>
'Nombres',
'Scores' =>
'Puntuaciones',
'Failures' =>
'Fallas',
'New Team' =>
'Nuevo equipo',
'Team Logo' =>
'Logo de equipo',
'Selected Logo:' =>
'Logo seleccionado:',
'Select Logo' =>
'Seleccionar logo',
'All Teams' =>
'Todos los equipos',
'Protected' =>
'Protegido',
'Score' =>
'Puntuacin',
'Change Password' =>
'Cambiar contrasea',
'Admin Level' =>
'Administrar nivel',
'Visibility' =>
'Visibilidad',
'Team Management' =>
'Administrar equipo',
'Add Team' =>
'Aadir equipo',
'None' =>
'Ningno',
'Logo Name' =>
'Nombre de logo',
'Logo Management' =>
'Administracin de logo',
'Session' =>
'Sesin',
'Cookie' =>
'Cookie',
'Creation Time' =>
'Tiempo de creacin',
'Last Access' =>
'ltimo acceso',
'Last Page Access' =>
'ltima pgina de acceso',
'Data' =>
'Datos',
'Sessions' =>
'Sesiones',
'entry' =>
'entrada',
'No Entries' =>
'Sin entrada',
'Game Logs' =>
'Logs del juego',
'Game Logs Timeline' =>
'Logs del juego en linea de tiempo',
'End Game' =>
'Finalizar juego',
'Begin Game' =>
'Iniciar juego',
'Game Admin' =>
'Administracin del juego',
'Controls' =>
'Controles',
'Quiz' =>
'Acertijo',
'Flags' =>
'Banderas',
'Bases' =>
'Bases',
'Countries' =>
'Pases',
'Logos' =>
'Logos',
//Translations for inc/* and inc/gameboard/*
'captured' =>
'capturado',
'Status' =>
'Estado',
'Completed' =>
'Completado',
'Remaining' =>
'Restante',
'Start' =>
'Iniciar',
'End' =>
'Finalizar',
'Rank' =>
'Posicin',
'pts' =>
'pts', //points
'Your Rank' =>
'Tu posicin',
'Your Score' =>
'Tu puntuacin',
'Everyone' =>
'Todos',
'Your Team' =>
'Tu equipo',
'Captured' =>
'Capturado',
'Initiating' =>
'Iniciando',
'run : > boot_sequence' =>
'run : > boot_sequence',
'Extracting' =>
'Extrayendo',
//Translations for Utils.php's time_ago() function
'just now' =>
'justo ahora',
'd' =>
'd', //day
'hr' =>
'hr', //hour
'min' =>
'min', //minute
'sec' =>
'seg', //second
'ds' =>
'd', //days
'hrs' =>
'hrs', //hours
'mins' =>
'mins', //minutes
'secs' =>
'segs', //seconds
'ago' =>
'atrs',
//Translations for ModalControllers
'begin_' =>
'comenzar_',
'Are you sure you want to kick off the game? Logs will be cleared and progressive scoreboard will start' =>
'Est seguro de que desea iniciar el juego? Los logs se borrarn y el panel de puntuaciones iniciar',
'end_' =>
'finalizar_',
'Are you sure you want to finish the current game?' =>
'Est seguro que desea finalizar el juego actual?',
'Are you sure you want to logout from the game?' =>
'Est seguro que desea salir del juego?',
'Saved' =>
'Guardado',
'All changes have been successfully saved.' =>
'Todos los cambios fueron guardados exitosamente.',
'Error' =>
'Error',
'Sorry your form was not saved. Please correct the all errors and save again.' =>
'Lo sentimos tu formulario no fue guardado. Por favor corrige los errores e intntalo otra vez.',
'cancel_' =>
'cancelar_',
'Are you sure you want to cancel? You have unsaved changes that will be reverted.' =>
'Est seguro que desea cancelar? Los cambios sin guardar se perdern.',
'choose_logo' =>
'elegir_logo',
'captured_' =>
'captured_',
'flag_owner_' =>
'flag_owner_',
'INACTIVE' =>
'INACTIVO',
'PTS' =>
'PTS',
'category' =>
'categora',
'capture_' =>
'capture_',
'Insert your answer' =>
'Introduce tu respuesta',
'Request Hint' =>
'Solicitar pista',
'Submit' =>
'Enviar',
'hint_' =>
'pista_',
'first_capture' =>
'first_capture',
'completed_by' =>
'completado_por',
'scoreboard_' =>
'scoreboard_',
'filter_' =>
'filter_',
'rank_' =>
'rank_',
'team_name_' =>
'team_name_',
'quiz_pts_' =>
'quiz_pts_',
'flag_pts_' =>
'flag_pts_',
'base_pts_' =>
'base_pts_',
'total_pts_' =>
'total_pts_',
'team_' =>
'team_',
'team_members' =>
'team_members',
'base_pts' =>
'base_pts',
'quiz_pts' =>
'quiz_pts',
'flag_pts' =>
'flag_pts',
'total_pts' =>
'total_pts',
'Tool bars are located on all edges of the gameboard. Tap a category to expand and close each tool bar.' =>
'Las barras de herramientas se encuentran en todos los bordes del panel de juego. Pulsa en una categora para ampliar y cerrar cada barra de herramientas.',
'Tool_Bars' =>
'Tool_Bars',
'Tap the "Game Clock" to keep track of time during gameplay. Dont let time get the best of you.' =>
'Pulsa el "Reloj del juego" para hacer seguimiento del tiempo. No dejes que el tiempo te gane.',
'Game_Clock' =>
'Reloj de juego',
'Countries marked with an ' =>
'Pases marcados con una ',
'are captured by you.' =>
'son capturados por t.',
' are owned by others.' =>
' le pertenecen a otros.',
'Captures' =>
'Capturas',
'Tap Plus[+] to Zoom In. Tap Minus[-] to Zoom Out.' =>
'Pulsa ms[+] para acercarte. Pulsa menos[-] para alejarte.',
'Click and Drag to move left, right, up and down.' =>
'Presiona y rrastra para moverte por la izquierda, derecha, arriba o abajo',
'Zoom' =>
'Zoom',
'Tap Forward Slash [/] to activate computer commands. A list of commands can be found under "Rules".' =>
'Presiona contrabarra [/] para activar los comandos del juego. La lista completa de comandos puede ser encontrada en "Reglas".',
'Command_Line' =>
'Command_Line',
'Click "Nav" to access main navigation links like Rules of Play, Registration, Blog, Jobs & more.' =>
'Presiona "Navegacin" para acceder a los links principales como "Reglas del juego", "Cerrar sesin" y otros.',
'Track your competition by clicking "scoreboard" to access real-time game statistics and graphs.' =>
'Haz un seguimiento del juego haciendo clic en "scoreboard" para acceder a estadsticas y grficas en tiempo real.',
'Have fun, be the best and conquer the world.' =>
'Divirtete, s el mejor y conquista el mundo.',
'Game_On' =>
'Game_On',
'tutorial_' =>
'tutorial_',
'Next' =>
'Siguiente',
'Skip to play' =>
'Continuar para jugar',
'Powered By Facebook' =>
'Powered By Facebook',
'Active Directory / LDAP' =>
'Directorio Activo / LDAP',
'LDAP Server' =>
'LDAP Servidor',
'LDAP Port' =>
'LDAP Puerto',
'LDAP Domain' =>
'LDAP Dominio',
);
``` |
Moyo Akandé is a Scottish-Nigerian actress, writer and producer.
Early life and education
Akandé grew up in Bearsden, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. Her sister, Morayo Akandé is also a writer and producer. As a teenager, Moyo auditioned for the Dance School of Scotland at Knightswood Secondary School and landed a place. She says: "Out of hundreds of applicants, only eight people were chosen. But I knew that was where I belonged [...] A lot of Nigerian families would encourage their kids to become doctors or lawyers, but once my mum knew I wanted to become a performer she encouraged me all the way."
Akandé trained as an actress at Arts Educational Schools, London, and graduated in 2008.
Career
In 2017, Akandé produced and starred in 1745 alongside her sister. The short film focuses on two sisters torn from their home in Nigeria for slavery, who start a perilous journey from foreign hands through the Scottish Highlands in search of freedom. 1745 won the Best Short Film Award at The AFRIFF (African International Film Festival) 2017 in Lagos, Nigeria. It was also nominated for the Best Short Film Award at the BIFAs (The British Independent Film Awards), London 2017 and BAFTA Scotland 2017. In 2019, Akandé appeared in four episodes of the Scottish comedy-drama Guilt. Akandé said of the show, "It's thrilling and exciting and I loved the energy and pace of the script, I wanted to know what happened next, the twists and turns just blew my mind."
In 2023, Akandé appeared in the biographical film Tetris. In May 2023, she appeared as Shelley in series 8 of the dark comedy series Inside No. 9; the episode was titled "Paraskevidekatriaphobia", a fear of Friday the 13th.
Acting credits
Film & television
Theatre
References
External links
Living people
21st-century Scottish actresses
Black British actresses
People educated at the Arts Educational Schools
People from Bearsden
Scottish film actresses
Scottish people of Nigerian descent
Scottish stage actresses
Scottish television actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scottish comedy actresses |
TVP Dokument is a Polish TVP station, which primarily focuses on presenting documentaries and movies. It started broadcasting on 19 November 2020. It is broadcast only in HD via cable and satellite, as well as DVB-T2/HEVC test transmissions.
External links
References
Television channels in Poland
2020 establishments in Poland
Television channels and stations established in 2020 |
For Ladies Only is a cover/compilation album by Killdozer, released in April 1989 through Touch and Go Records on various formats, including LP. CD, cassette, picture disc LP and a box of five 7" singles on different colors of vinyl.
Track listing
This song was on "Side G" (fourth single A-side) with "Funk #49" on "Side H." The fifth single was "American Pie" split between the two sides.
Personnel
Killdozer
Michael Gerald – vocals, bass guitar
Bill Hobson – guitar
Dan Hobson – drums
Production and additional personnel
Terry Talbot – photography
Butch Vig – production
References
External links
1989 compilation albums
Albums produced by Butch Vig
Covers albums
Killdozer (band) albums
Touch and Go Records compilation albums |
Cannanore Indo-Portuguese is an Indo-Portuguese creole spoken on the Malabar coast of India. It formed from contact between the Portuguese and Malayalam languages in Indo-Portuguese households in the city of Kannur. In 2010 it was estimated to have five native speakers remaining. But there are around twenty or more who are dispersed in India and other parts of the world. It could have formed after the Cochin Indo-Portuguese.
References
Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles
Portuguese diaspora in Asia
Portuguese language in Asia |
Teskan may refer to:
Teskan, Afghanistan
Teşkan, Azerbaijan |
VilaWeb () is a Catalan-language web portal and daily news outlet, founded in May 1995 by the journalists Vicent Partal and Assumpció Maresma. It was the first online medium produced completely in Catalan, and the first news media in Spain to be based entirely online. Its editorial line advocates for Catalonia's separation from the Spanish state.
History
VilaWeb grew out of an online directory in Catalan called Infopista, set up by Partal in 1995. It was initially designed as a local directory catalan websites. One year later, Infopista turned into Vilaweb, including new services. Before embarking on this venture, Vicent Partal had been responsible for directing the digital edition of El Temps magazine. Written in Catalan, with the publication of this digital edition in 1994, the magazine was the first media outlet in Spain to establish material and a presence on the World Wide Web.
Later, Vilaweb became one of reference news and media channels for Catalan communities online. In 2007 VilaWeb TV opened as a web TV initiative. Nowadays it is available as a YouTube channel and on iTunes.
In September 2009 VilaWeb opened a newsroom, in El Raval, in downtown Barcelona. The building hosts a space for public events. In January 2014 VilaWeb started a Global Edition in English, managed by Liz Castro, and in June 2017 VilaWeb added an evening print product for subscribers called VilaWeb Paper. VilaWeb Paper is an evening edition, which readers can print, or download on their mobile or tablet. Unlike traditional newspapers, VilaWeb Paper is not available on any newsstands.
In 2018 VilaWeb had an audience of around 2,200,000 unique visitors.
VilaWeb has been awarded several prizes, including the Premi Ciutat de Barcelona de Periodisme, the Premi Nacional de Periodisme, and premi Òmnium Cultural de Comunicació.
Vilaweb has been criticized for being dependent on subsidies and other financial support by the Catalan regional government, even despite it receives far less financial support from public administrations than many Catalan media.
Content
The newspaper runs news 24 hours a day. News from several news agencies are also available. Ed-op pages in the newspaper consist mainly on a daily article by Vicent Partal and weekly articles from other writers like Marta Rojals, Andreu Barnils, Xavier Montanyà, Pere Cardús or Martxelo Otamendi.
VilaWeb TV presents all the videos produced by VilaWeb.
References
Bibliography
External links
VilaWeb
VilaWeb Global Edition
Partal, Maresma & Associats, the company behind VilaWeb.
VilaWeb TV
1995 establishments in Catalonia
1995 establishments in Spain
Mass media in Catalonia
Catalan-language websites
Spanish news websites
Daily newspapers published in Spain
Publications established in 1995 |
Fort McCoy may refer to:
Fort McCoy, Florida, a community in Marion County
Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, a military base
Fort McCoy (film), a 2011 film |
Vivien Inez Saunders, (born 24 November 1946) is a retired English professional golfer, known after winning the Women's British Open in 1977. She had a successful amateur career, appearing in the 1968 Curtis Cup. She has published a number of golf books and instructional videos.
Early years
Saunders was born in Sutton, Surrey on 24 November 1946 and educated at Nonsuch County High School, Cheam, Surrey.
Golf career
Saunders was runner-up to Liz Chadwick in the 1966 British Ladies Amateur Golf Championship, losing 3 & 2 in the final.
Saunders turned professional in early 1969 and became the first European to qualify for the LPGA Tour later in 1969.
Amateur wins
1967 Avia Foursomes (with Bridget Jackson)
Professional wins
1977 Women's British Open
1978 Avia Foursomes (with Mary Everard)
1980 British Car Auctions Tournament (tied with Bridget Cooper)
Keighley Trophy
four tournaments in Australia
Other achievements
She was editor of Lady Golfer for several years, also the founder of the Women's Professional Golf Association and the European Women's Tour. Made honorary life member of PGA and Women's European Tour but had to resign from each to regain amateur status and play. Previously on Executive Committee of PGA, Chairman Women's PGA. Among council member of National Coaching Foundation 1993 to 1997. She has twice won the British Sports Coach of the Year Award.
In 1986, she bought Abbotsley Golf Club, near St Neots, Cambridgeshire. She is the chairman of the Association of Golf Course Owners.
Saunders was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to women's golf in the 1998 New Year Honours.
In the 2015 general election, she ran against Prime Minister David Cameron in Witney for the Reduce VAT in Sport party, which she also led.
Team appearances
Amateur
Curtis Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1968
European Ladies' Team Championship (representing England): 1967 (winners)
Commonwealth Trophy (representing Great Britain): 1967 (winners)
Vagliano Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1967
References
External links
Personal web site
Penguin Books profile
English female golfers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Sportspeople from Sutton, London
People educated at Nonsuch High School
Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
1946 births
Living people |
The A203 is a primary A road in South London.
Route
It runs from Brixton to Vauxhall connecting the A23 and A3 with Vauxhall Bridge, the Albert Embankment as well as the London Inner Ring Road for travel across the River Thames.
Stockwell Road
Between Brixton and Stockwell Underground station it is known as Stockwell Road, as the road leads up to/away from the area of Stockwell.
South Lambeth Road
North of here it is called South Lambeth Road because it passes through the area of South Lambeth. It travels through the Little Portugal district before reaching its northern terminus in Vauxhall, near the River Thames at Vauxhall Bridge.
Victoria line
It is roughly paralleled by TfL London Underground's Victoria line through its route.
External links
Roads in England
Streets in the London Borough of Lambeth |
Mayor General FAP Armando Revoredo Iglesias Airport , known in Spanish as Aeropuerto Mayor General FAP Armando Revoredo Iglesias (with Mayor General often abbreviated as My. Gral.), is an airport serving Cajamarca, capital of the Cajamarca Region in Peru. It is run by CORPAC S.A. (Corporación Peruana de Aeropuertos y Aviación Comercial S.A.), a government organization that oversees management of Peruvian airports.
The runway has high terrain to the north.
The Cajamarca non-directional beacon (Ident: MAR) is located on the field.
Airlines and destinations
See also
Transport in Peru
List of airports in Peru
References
External links
OpenStreetMap - Cajamarca
OurAirports - Cajamarca
SkyVector Aeronautical Charts
Airports in Peru
Buildings and structures in Cajamarca Region
Cajamarca |
The Louderback Mountains are a very small range in central Nevada in the United States. The mountains lie in a north-south direction between Dixie Valley and the Clan Alpine Mountains. The mountains are located in Churchill County, and contain Crown Peak, elevation 6,588 feet above sea level. The Louderback Mountains lie several miles north of Highway 50. The Louderback Mountains were named in 1972 for George Louderback, a geologist who taught at University of Nevada and University of California, Berkeley.
References
Nevada Atlas & Gazetteer, 2001, pg. 44
Mountain ranges of Nevada
Mountain ranges of Churchill County, Nevada |
```yaml
define: DUK_OPT_SEGFAULT_ON_PANIC
introduced: 1.0.0
tags:
- portability
description: >
Cause the default panic handler to cause a segfault instead of using
abort() or exit(). This is useful when debugging with valgrind,
as a segfault provides a nice C traceback in valgrind.
``` |
TSOG: The Thing That Ate the Constitution is a book by Robert Anton Wilson published in 2002. TSOG stands for 'Tsarist Occupational Government,' stemming from Wilson's belief that there were strong parallels with the oppressive Tsarist government of pre-revolutionary Russia and the United States government under George W. Bush. It focuses on issues such as civil liberties, the influence of faith-based organisations on the government and the war on drugs.
References
2002 non-fiction books
Books by Robert Anton Wilson |
Mohamed Al-Zeno (; born 5 February 1983) is a Syrian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Taliya in the Syrian Premier League.
Club career
Early career
Mohamed Al-Zeno's career began with the Al-Ittihad Aleppo youth squad under coach Omar Al-Shaaban in the "Al-Smoud Football School" in Aleppo. Later he joined the youth team of Shorta Aleppo. After playing a few games in the Al-Shorta under-17 youth team, he moved Al-Shorta's first team and in 1999 he signed his first professional contract.
Al-Shorta Aleppo
In season 1999–2000, he played for Shorta Aleppo's first team in the Syrian League 1st Division and helped his team in promotion to the Syrian Premier League. At the end of the season, he was awarded with the "Top Goal Scorer" award of the 1999–2000 Syrian Premier League. After the 2001–2002 season, Shorta Aleppo was dissolved and he went to Damascus and signed a two-year contract with Al-Shorta SC of Damascus.
Al-Shorta Damascus
He played for two seasons for Al-Shorta Damascus. He scored his first goal for his new team on 1 November 2002 against Al-Yaqdhah in the Syrian Premier League.
Al-Jaish
He moved to Al-Jaish SC of Damascus in 2004. He played for Al-Jaish for three seasons. In his first season with Al-Jaish, he won the 2004 AFC Cup, the second biggest association cup in Asia. In the second-leg of the quarter-finals, he scored one goal in 3–0 win over Indian champions Kingfisher East Bengal FC In the semi-finals, he scored one goal each in both the legs, one in the first-leg in a 4–0 win and another in the second-leg in a 2–1 win over Singaporean champions Home United FC and hence helped his team to reach the AFC Cup finals for the first time.
Al-Majd
In July 2007, he moved to Al-Majd SC of Damascus and formed an impressive attacking triangle with Syrian forward Raja Rafe.
In the 2007–08 season, he scored eleven goals and helped his team to finish as the runners-up in the Syrian Premier League 2007–08. He also scored two goals in the 2007–08 Arab Champions League, one in a 3–2 loss against Al-Hilal Omdurman in the Round of 32 and another in a 1–1 draw against Raja Casablanca.
At the end of the season, he was awarded with the "Top Goal Scorer" award of the 2008–09 Syrian Premier League with 17 goals. He also scored three goals in the 2009 AFC Cup, one in a 1–1 draw against Al-Muharraq SC and a brace in a 2–1 win over Al-Faisaly SC.
Rah Ahan F.C.
On 18 September 2009, he signed a one-year contract with Rah Ahan of Iran, but after four months the contract was dissolved.
He played his first game for Rah Ahan on 6 October 2009 against PAS Hamedan in the Persian Gulf Cup 2009–10.
Al-Arabi
In January 2010, he signed a six-months contract with Al-Arabi SC of Kuwait. He made his Kuwaiti Premier League debut on 14 January 2010 in a 3–0 win over Al Salibikhaet.
Al-Karamah
In August 2010, he moved to Al-Karamah SC of the Syria. He made his debut for Al-Karamah on 14 September 2010 in a 1–0 win over Muangthong United in the 2010 AFC Cup quarter-finals.
Al-Naser
On 1 February 2011, he moved to Al-Naser of Kuwait. He made his Kuwaiti Premier League debut for Al-Naser on 3 February 2011 against Al-Qadsia SC.
International career
Mohamed Al-Zeno has been a regular for the Syria national football team since 2004. In the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification, he came on as a substitute for Raja Rafe in a 2–2 draw against Bahrain on 13 October 2004 in the Abbasiyyin Stadium in Damascus.
He was a part of the Syria national football team in the 2007 Nehru Cup in India. He scored two goals in the friendly tournament, one in a 4–1 win over Kyrgyzstan and another in a 5–1 win over Cambodia.
He scored two goals in a 3–0 win over Afghanistan and he scored one goal in a 4–1 win over Indonesia in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification.
In the 2009 Nehru Cup, he scored three goals, one goal in a 2–0 victory over Kyrgyzstan in Syria's first match of the tournament. He also scored a goal in Syria's 4–0 win over Sri Lanka and another in a 1–0 win over Lebanon. At the end of the tournament, he was awarded with the "Top Goal Scorer" award.
He was selected in Valeriu Tiţa's 23-men final squad for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar. In the tournament he scored one goal in a 1–2 loss against Jordan.
International goals
Scores and results table. Syria's goal tally first:
|}
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Aleppo
Syrian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Syria men's international footballers
Syrian expatriate men's footballers
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Al-Shorta SC (Syria) players
Al-Jaish SC (Syria) players
Al-Majd SC players
Al-Karamah SC players
Al-Hussein SC (Irbid) players
Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Iran
Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) players
Al-Nasr SC (Kuwait) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Kuwait
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
Saham Club players
Expatriate men's footballers in Oman
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Oman
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in Jordan
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Jordan
Syrian Premier League players
Al-Salmiya SC players
Kuwait Premier League players
Taliya SC players
Al-Sareeh SC players |
Tanea areolata is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.
Description
The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 18 mm.
Distribution
This species is distributed in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Tanzania and the Mascarene Basin; in the Western Pacific Ocean.
References
Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice
Kabat A.R., Finet Y. & Way K. (1997) Catalogue of the Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described by C.A. Récluz, including the location of the type specimens. Apex 12(1): 15-26
Kabat A.R. (2000) Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 10. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Naticidae. Zoologische Mededelingen 73(25): 345-380
External links
Naticidae |
John Taylor (December 19, 1753August 21, 1824), usually called John Taylor of Caroline, was a politician and writer. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates (1779–1781, 1783–1785, 1796–1800) and in the United States Senate (1792–1794, 1803, 1822–1824). He wrote several books on politics and agriculture. He was a Jeffersonian Republican and his works provided inspiration to the later states' rights and libertarian movements. Sheldon and Hill (2008) locate Taylor at the intersection of republicanism and classical liberalism. They see his position as a "combination of a concern with Lockean natural rights, freedom, and limited government along with a classical interest in strong citizen participation in rule to prevent concentrated power and wealth, political corruption, and financial manipulation."
Early life
According to some sources, John Taylor was born in Orange County, Virginia, in 1753, though others state that this is in error and that he was in fact born in Caroline County in 1754. He was the son of James Taylor and Ann Pollard. She was a sister of Sarah Pollard, wife of Edmund Pendleton, a Founding Father of the State of Virginia who served as president of the Fifth Virginia Convention held between May and July 1776, that declared in favor of independence. Taylor was of the same line as General Zachary Taylor, who became the President of the United States. He graduated from the College of William & Mary in 1770, studied law, and began to practice in Caroline County in 1774. At the onset of the Revolutionary War he joined the Continental army, becoming a colonel of cavalry.
Political career
Taylor served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1779 to 1787, being one of the leading members. About this time he gave up the practice of law and devoted his ample time to politics and agriculture. In 1792 he was appointed to fill the unexpired term of Richard Henry Lee in the United States Senate, and was elected to the term that began March 4, 1793, but resigned, May 11, 1794. He served as a presidential elector in 1797. Taylor was a close friend of Thomas Jefferson, and, as member of the House of Delegates, was one of the men who offered the Virginia Resolves to that body.
Taylor served in the U.S. Senate on two additional occasions. He was appointed to the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Stevens Thomson Mason, and served from June 4, 1803, until December 7, 1803, when he resigned. In 1822, he was elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of James Pleasants, and was elected later to serve the regular term for six years beginning December 18, 1822, but died at his estate in Caroline County, August 20, 1824.
Taylor was a prolific political writer, and was the author of "An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States," 1814; "Construction Construed and the Constitution Vindicated." 1820; "Tyranny Unmasked. 1822; "New Views of the Constitution of the United States." 1823. He was also a scientific agriculturist, and in 1811 was first president of the Virginia Agricultural Societies. His little books, "Arator" ("Ploughman", in Latin), being a series of agricultural essays, practical and political, 1818, was one of the first American books on agriculture. Taylor County, West Virginia, was named in his honor.
Ideas
English legal historian Maurice Vile views Taylor as "in some ways the most impressive political theorist that America has produced." The historian Clyde N. Wilson describes Taylor as "the systematic philosopher of Jeffersonian democracy" and as "representing 'both a conservative allegiance to local community and inherited ways and a radical-populist suspicion of capitalism, 'progress,' government and routine logrolling politics.'" According to historian Adam L. Tate, Taylor was "an agrarian who 'viewed happiness as possession of family, farm, and leisure,' had no great love for organized religion, social hierarchy, and other such traditional institutions." Joseph R. Stromberg wrote, "Taylor took solid liberal ground in holding that men were a mixture of good and evil. Self-interest was the only real constant in human action.... Indeed, while other thinkers, from Thomas Jefferson to Federalist John Adams, agonized over the need for a virtuous citizenry, Taylor took the view that 'the principles of a society may be virtuous, though the individuals composing it are vicious.'" Taylor's solution to the effects of factionalism was to "remove the base from under the stock jobbers, the banks, the paper money party, the tariff-supported manufacturers, and so on; destroy the system of patronage by which the executive has corrupted the legislature; bring down the usurped authority of the Supreme Court." "The more a nation depends for its liberty on the qualities of individuals, the less likely it is to retain it. By expecting publick good from private virtue, we expose ourselves to publick evils from private vices."
Slavery
Taylor wrote in defense of slavery but admitted that it was wrong. "Let it not be supposed that I approve of slavery because I do not aggravate its evils, or prefer a policy which must terminate in a war of extermination." Rather, he defended the institution because he "thought blacks incapable of liberty." Taylor feared that widespread emancipation would ultimately and invariably lead to the horrific bloodshed witnessed in the French colony of Santo Domingo in 1791, the site of the greatest of all successful slave insurrections, the Haitian Revolution. "Taylor is one with most American thinkers from Washington to Jefferson to Lincoln in doubting that the free Negro could ever be anything but a problem for American politics. " Thus, he advocated the deportation of free blacks.
"Negro slavery is a misfortune to agriculture, incapable of removal, and only within the reach of palliation." Taylor criticized Jefferson's ambivalence towards slavery in Notes on the State of Virginia. Taylor agreed with Jefferson that the institution was evil but took issue with Jefferson's repeated references to the specific cruelties of slavery. Taylor argued that "slaves are docile, useful and happy, if they are well managed" and that "the individual is restrained by his property in the slave, and susceptible of humanity.... Religion assails him both with her blandishments and terrours. It indissolubly binds his, and his slaves happiness or misery lortogether."
The possibility that slaveholding may have positive effects on a republican society has been reconsidered recently by Edmund S. Morgan. Taylor's approach, defending the preservation of slavery under the circumstances and apprehensions of his day, would be used to support more emphatic defenses of slavery by writers, such as John C. Calhoun, Edmund Ruffin, and George Fitzhugh, who extended the argument by claiming the institution to be a "positive good."
States' rights
Stromberg says that Taylor's role in calling for Virginia's secession in 1798 and his role in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions "show how seriously he took the reserved rights [interposition (nullification) and secession] of these primary political communities [the States]." Taylor was responsible for guiding the Virginia Resolution, written by James Madison, through the Virginia legislature. He wrote: "enormous political power invariably accumulates enormous wealth and enormous wealth invariably accumulates enormous political power." "Like his radical bourgeois counterparts in England, Taylor would not concede that great extremes of wealth and poverty were natural outcomes of differences in talent; on the contrary they were invariably the result of extra-economic coercion and deceit." "Along with John Randolph of Roanoke and a few others, Taylor opposed Madison's War of 1812—his own party's war—precisely because it was a war for empire."
Tate (2011) undertakes a literary criticism of Taylor's book New Views of the Constitution of the United States, arguing it is structured as a forensic historiography modeled on the techniques of 18th-century whig lawyers. Taylor believed that evidence from American history gave proof of state sovereignty within the union, against the arguments of nationalists such as Chief Justice John Marshall.
Legacy
Taylor's primary plantation estate, Hazelwood, was located three miles from Port Royal, Virginia and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Taylor County, West Virginia was formed in 1844 and named in Senator Taylor's honor.
Writings
An Enquiry into the Principles and Tendency of Certain Public Measures (Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson, 1794).
A Definition of Parties: Or the Political Effects of the Paper System Considered (Philadelphia: Francis Bailey, 1794).
Arator (1818) (first published as a book in 1813 (without attribution) from a collection of sixty-four essays, originally published in a Georgetown newspaper in 1803, which pertain to American agriculture, including some of Taylor's views on slavery).
A Pamphlet Containing a Series of Letters (Richmond: E. C. Stanard, 1809).
An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States (1814) – a detailed and elaborate critique of the political-philosophical system developed and defended by John Adams in his Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1787).
Construction Construed and Constitutions Vindicated (Richmond: Shepherd and Pollard, 1820).
Tyranny Unmasked (Washington: Davis and Force, 1822).
New Views of the Constitution of the United States (Washington: Way and Gideon, 1823).
The last three books listed "are to be valued chiefly for their insight into federal-state relations and the true nature of the Union." M. E. Bradford, ed., Arator 35 (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund 1977).
The above publication notations are credited to F. Thornton Miller, ed., Tyranny Unmasked, Foreword ix-xxii (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund 1992).
From Reprints of Legal Classics (1)
Little-known today, Taylor's work is of great significance in the political and intellectual history of the South and is essential for understanding the constitutional theories that Southerners asserted to justify secession in 1861. Taylor fought in the Continental army during the American Revolution and served briefly in the Virginia House of Delegates and as a U.S. Senator. It was as a writer on constitutional, political, and agricultural questions, however, that Taylor gained prominence. He joined with Thomas Jefferson and other agrarian advocates of states' rights and a strict construction of the Constitution in the political battles of the 1790s. His first published writings argued against Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton's financial program. Construction Construed and Constitutions Vindicated was Taylor's response to a series of post-War of 1812 developments including John Marshall's Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the widespread issuance of paper money by banks, proposals for a protective tariff, and the attempt to bar slavery from Missouri. Along with many other Southerners, Taylor feared that these and other measures following in the train of Hamilton's financial system, were undermining the foundations of American republicanism. He saw them as the attempt of an "artificial capitalist sect" to corrupt the virtue of the American people and upset the proper constitutional balance between state and federal authority in favor of a centralized national government. Taylor wrote, "If the means to which the government of the union may resort for executing the power confided to it, are unlimited, it may easily select such as will impair or destroy the powers confided to the state governments." Jefferson, who noted that "Col. Taylor and myself have rarely, if ever, differed in any political principle of importance," considered Construction Construed and Constitutions Vindicated "the most logical retraction of our governments to the original and true principles of the Constitution creating them, which has appeared since the adoption of the instrument." Later Southern thinkers, notably John C. Calhoun, were clearly indebted to Taylor. Sabin, A Dictionary of Books Relating to America 94486. Cohen, Bibliography of Early American Law 6333. (21527)
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
Notes
References
Christopher M. Curtis, Chapter I, Can These be the Sons of their Fathers? The Defense of Slavery in Virginia, 1831–1832.
Vernon Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought (1927) v 2 online
Sheldon, Garrett Ward, and C. William Hill Jr. The Liberal Republicanism of John Taylor of Caroline (2008)
Tate, Adam. "A Historiography of States' Rights: John Taylor of Caroline's New Views of the Constitution," Southern Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the South, Spring/Summer 2011, Vol. 18 Issue 1, pp. 10–28
Suggested reading
Mudge, Eugene T. The Social Philosophy of John Taylor of Caroline (New York: Columbia University Press 1939).
Shallhope, Robert E. John Taylor of Caroline: Pastoral Republican (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1980).
Wright, Benjamin F. "The Philosopher of Jeffersonian Democracy," American Political Science Review Vol. 22, No. 4 (Nov., 1928), pp. 870–892 in JSTOR
External links
Taylor, John. (1823). "New Views of the Constitution of the United States
Taylor, John. (1821). "Tyranny Unmasked"
Taylor, John. (1820). "Construction Construed and Constitutions Vindicated"
John Taylor's works at the Online Library of Liberty.
1753 births
1824 deaths
American proslavery activists
College of William & Mary alumni
Continental Army officers from Virginia
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
John, Of Caroline
People from Caroline County, Virginia
United States senators from Virginia
Virginia Democratic-Republicans
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators
18th-century American legislators
19th-century American legislators
American libertarians
American white supremacists
Jeffersonian democracy |
Tang Wong () is a 2013 Thai indie coming-of-age drama film directed by Kongdej Jaturanrasmee. It tells the story of a group of secondary school students struggling to learn a traditional dance as an offering for the local spirit shrine, which takes place against the backdrop of the 2010 Thai political crisis. The film won the Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor awards at the 2013 Thailand National Film Association Awards.
References
External links
Thai coming-of-age films
Thai-language films
2013 films
Best Picture Suphannahong National Film Award winners
2010s coming-of-age films |
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Gitchandra Tongbra (6 February 1916 – 3 June 1996), popularly known as G. C. Tongbra, was an Indian satirist, poet, playwright and art academic from Imphal. Born on 6 February 1913 in the Indian state of Manipur, Tongbra was known for his socio-realistic plays such as Mani Manou (1962), Matric Pass (1964) and Upu Baksi (1972).
The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri in 1975. Four years later, he received the Sahitya Akademi Award for his play, Ngabongkhao, in 1978. The Ministry of Culture, Government of India, honoured his memories by staging a Tongbra Drama Festival under the aegis of Ougri Theatre Repertory Manipur on 24 April 2015 which consisted of four selected plays of the dramatist.
References
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
1913 births
1996 deaths
Poets from Manipur
Indian satirists
20th-century Indian poets
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Meitei
People from Imphal
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian male writers |
WIST may refer to:
WIST-FM, a radio station (98.3 FM) licensed to Thomasville, North Carolina, United States
WQNO, a radio station (690 AM) licensed to New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 2005 to 2012
WIST-94, a Polish pistol
Whist, a classic card game
WYFQ, a radio station (930 AM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 1947 to the 1960s
WHVN, a radio station (1240 AM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from the 1960s to 1983
WNKS, a radio station (95.1 FM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST-FM prior to 1972
WGFY, a radio station (1480 AM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 1994 to 1996
WOLS, a radio station (106.1 FM) licensed to Waxhaw, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST-FM from 1995 to 1996
WAME, a radio station (550 AM) licensed to Statesville, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 1996 to 1997 and from 1998 to 2000
WBLO, a radio station (790 AM) licensed to Thomasville, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST during 2004
See also
Wist, an application for smartphones that helped users find top five restaurants, bars and coffee shops nearby
Cole Wist, American attorney and politician
Johannes B. Wist, Norwegian American newspaper editor, journalist and author |
The DeWint House, in Tappan, New York, is one of the oldest surviving structures in Rockland County and is an outstanding example of Hudson Valley Dutch Colonial architecture. It was built using brick and indigenous stone in 1700 by Daniel DeClark, a Hollander, who emigrated to America in 1676 and bought the land from the native inhabitants in 1682. The date of construction is marked by glazed bricks incorporated into the façade.
In 1746, West Indies planter and American patriot Johannes DeWint and his spouse Antje Dewint bought the house. His daughter, Anna Maria, and her husband, Major Fredericus Blauvelt, lived in the house.
The DeWint House became a temporary headquarters of George Washington while he was Commander-in-Chief during the American Revolution. Washington was a guest in the south parlor twice in 1780 and twice in 1783. The "Washington Room" in the DeWint House is a National Masonic Historic Site.
Washington's headquarters
Washington first stayed at the Dewint House from August 8–24, 1780, while inspecting a redoubt on the Hudson River.
Washington returned from September 28 to October 7, 1780, for the nearby trial of British spy Major John André. Washington signed the execution warrant in the house and Andre was subsequently hanged. Andre had been captured in Tarrytown after plotting with Benedict Arnold to surrender West Point to the British. André was held in the Old '76 House in Tappan, a tavern which is now a restaurant. Washington provided meals from his table at the DeWint House to André at the '76 House. A stone on André Hill Road at Gallows Hill marks the site of André's hanging.
Washington and his key staff headquartered at the DeWint House from May 4–8, 1783, while negotiating the final withdrawal of British troops from New York City with British General Sir Guy Carleton. It was said to have been a friendly conference combined with an elegant dinner prepared by Samuel Fraunces, owner of Fraunces Tavern in New York City, who came up to prepare the dinner for Washington and his guest.
From November 11–14, 1783, a terrible snowstorm forced Washington to seek shelter in the DeWint House on his trip to visit West Point and later New York City, where he tendered his resignation.
Grounds and renovation
The property was in disrepair when it was acquired by the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York in 1932. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The DeWint House, along with Stony Point Battlefield in Stony Point and the Blauvelt House in New City, are the only places in Rockland County designated as New York State Paths through History sites.
The site has undergone extensive restoration and upgrading. The house's two first-floor rooms have been restored and furnished to reflect the period of Washington's occupancy. A fully functioning replica kitchen, as Washington might have known it while he was a guest of the DeWints, was completed in 1996.
The grounds include a 19th-century carriage house that contains displays of artifacts uncovered at the site during archaeological digs, as wells as items related to Washington, André and Arnold, and the Masons. A large mill stone from a grist mill in nearby Ramapo is displayed on the grounds, and at the rear of the house stand seven small grave markers each bearing one to three initials, which came from a nearby property. It is believed these markers came from a burial ground for slaves on that property.
The house and grounds are open to the public.
References
External links
Revolutionaryday.com
Co.rockland.ny.us
Hudsonrivervalley.com
Nynjctbotany.org
Travelhudsonvalley.org
Fortklock.com
Paths through History designation
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1700
Museums in Rockland County, New York
Historic house museums in New York (state)
Biographical museums in New York (state)
Houses in Rockland County, New York
American Revolutionary War museums in New York (state)
Historic American Buildings Survey in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Rockland County, New York
1700 establishments in the Province of New York
New York State Register of Historic Places in Rockland County |
Monte Pracaban is a mountain in the Valle Stura, Liguria, northern Italy, part of the Ligurian Apennines.
Geography
The mountain is located on the boundary between the comune of Campo Ligure in Liguria, and that of Bosio in Piedmont.
Nature conservation
The ligurian side of the mountain and its surrounding area are included in a SIC (Site of Community Importance) called Praglia - Pracaban - M. Leco - P. Martin (code IT1331501). Its NE slopes are included in the Piedmontese natural park of the Capanne di Marcarolo.
References
Mountains of Liguria
Mountains of Piedmont
Natura 2000 in Italy
Mountains under 1000 metres
Mountains of the Apennines |
Huldremose Woman, or Huldre Fen Woman, is a female bog body recovered in 1879 from a peat bog near Ramten, Jutland, Denmark. Analysis by Carbon 14 dating indicates that she lived during the Iron Age, sometime between 160 BCE and 340 CE. The mummified remains are exhibited at the National Museum of Denmark. The elaborate clothing worn by Huldremose Woman has been reconstructed and displayed at several museums.
Discovery
On 15 May 1879, the body was discovered by Niels Hansen, who was a worker in Ramten, Denmark, after digging a meter through the peat. Hansen then reported the find to a local teacher, who notified police as well as a pharmacist, who moved the body to a nearby barn for examination. The corpse was later surrendered to the national museum of Copenhagen.
Bioarchaeology
The body was found with the legs bent behind the back, with a nearly severed right arm. It is thought that the arm was damaged before she died. Apart from this, the corpse was well intact.
She had broken one of her legs, although it had healed before she died. Lacerations on one of the feet were thought to be post-mortem injuries inflicted by a shovel until they were then evaluated to have happened near the time of death. A rope was also found around the neck of the body, which suggests that she was hanged or strangled, although it may have been a necklace.
The body was reexamined non-invasively in 1990 and a dietary analysis was conducted in 1999. Radiography showed hair stubble on the scalp as well as the remains of the brain inside the cranium. The bones were demineralized, like many other bog bodies. The dietary analysis consisted of two samples of the gut contents, revealing that the woman's final meal had been rye bread.
Clothing and Textile Analysis
Unlike many other bog bodies, which are often found naked, the Huldremose Woman was found clothed with an array of accessories. Analysis of these items, including the rare evidence of plant fiber textile, has shown that peoples of the Scandinavian Early Iron Age had knowledge of and used a wide but previously unrecognized range of textile weaving and dyeing technologies, as well as animal skin technologies. Her clothing has undergone extensive analysis by scientists at the Danish National Research Foundation's Center of Textile Research and the National Museum of Denmark.
Huldremose woman wore several layered sheep skin capes with the woolly sides turned outward. These were of a complex construction:
"The two skin capes are made from well-prepared, curly fleeces. The outer cape is the largest, measuring 82 cm in height and 170 cm in width (Fig. 3). It is constructed of five primary, rectangular skin pieces, with two minor triangular pieces under the yoke. Most pieces are from dark sheep skin, but on the fur side it has an insertion of four light goat skin pieces. On the flesh side it has an upper, front lining of dark sheep skin, which is a unique detail. The inner cape is slightly smaller, measuring 80 cm in height and 150 cm in width (Fig. 4). It is constructed of 7-8 primary sheep skin pieces, mostly rectangular and 22 secondary patches of sheep, goat and deer skin. Both capes have an asymmetrical design with a slanting neckline."
She also wore a wool plaid scarf, fastened by a bird bone pin, and a wool plaid skirt. Analyses by scientists at the National Museum of Denmark have shown that the color of the skirt was originally a blue or purple plaid, while the scarf was a red plaid. Chemical dye analyses showed the use of natural plant dyes and mordants and revealed that threads of at least 5 colors were woven to create the complex plaid patterns. Impressions on the skin of the Huldremose Woman, as well as a small amount of surviving degraded fibers, suggest that below her wool clothing she wore a white inner garment made from plant fibers that reached from the shoulders to below the knees. The type of plant fiber is unclear but other evidence from the time period suggest that it could have been made of nettle. A horn comb, a leather thong, and wool textile headband were found as well in what appears to be a pocket on the inner cape, made out of a bladder.
In a 2009 study led by Dr. Karin Frei, Huldremose Woman and the set of clothing she wore underwent strontium isotopic analysis. This research indicated that the wool scarf has a local provenance. The wool skirt was found to be made of wool from at least three different provenances, including a local signature and a signature compatible with northern Scandinavia (e.g. Norway or Sweden). The plant fiber garment and the Huldremose Woman herself likely have a non-local origin, again showing compatibility with northern Scandinavia. In general, the study points to the possibility that textiles were either traded or brought as raw materials far more commonly and over longer distances than previously assumed.
See also
List of bog bodies
References
External links
The woman from Huldremose at National Museum of Denmark
Clothing and Hair Styles of the Bog People on archaeology.org
1879 archaeological discoveries
Archaeological discoveries in Denmark
Bog bodies
Year of death unknown
Year of birth missing |
The Ant and the Grasshopper, alternatively titled The Grasshopper and the Ant (or Ants), is one of Aesop's Fables, numbered 373 in the Perry Index. The fable describes how a hungry grasshopper begs for food from an ant when winter comes and is refused. The situation sums up moral lessons about the virtues of hard work and planning for the future.
Even in Classical times, however, the advice was mistrusted by some and an alternative story represented the ant's industry as mean and self-serving. Jean de la Fontaine's delicately ironic retelling in French later widened the debate to cover the themes of compassion and charity. Since the 18th century the grasshopper has been seen as the type of the artist and the question of the place of culture in society has also been included. Argument over the fable's ambivalent meaning has generally been conducted through adaptation or reinterpretation of the fable in literature, arts, and music.
Fable and counter-fable
The fable concerns a grasshopper (in the original, a cicada) that has spent the summer singing and dancing while the ant (or ants in some versions) worked to store up food for winter. When winter arrives, the grasshopper finds itself dying of hunger and begs the ant for food. However, the ant rebukes its idleness and tells it to dance the winter away now. Versions of the fable are found in the verse collections of Babrius (140) and Avianus (34), and in several prose collections including those attributed to Syntipas and Aphthonius of Antioch. The fable's Greek original cicada is kept in the Latin and Romance translations. A variant fable, separately numbered 112 in the Perry Index, features a dung beetle as the improvident insect which finds that the winter rains wash away the dung on which it feeds.
The fable is found in a large number of mediaeval Latin sources and also figures as a moral ballade among the poems of Eustache Deschamps under the title of La fourmi et le céraseron. From the start it assumes prior knowledge of the fable and presents human examples of provident and improvident behaviour as typified by the insects. As well as appearing in vernacular collections of Aesop's fables in Renaissance times, a number of Neo-Latin poets used it as a subject, including Gabriele Faerno (1563), Hieronymus Osius (1564) and Candidus Pantaleon (1604).
The story has been used to teach the virtues of hard work and the perils of improvidence. Some versions state a moral at the end along the lines of "An idle soul shall suffer hunger", "Work today to eat tomorrow", and "July is follow'd by December". In La Fontaine's Fables no final judgment is made, although it has been argued that the author is there making sly fun of his own notoriously improvident ways. But the point of view in most retellings of the fable is supportive of the ant, a point of view influenced by the commendation in the biblical Book of Proverbs, which mentions the ant twice. The first proverb admonishes, "Go to the ant, you sluggard! Consider her ways and be wise, which having no captain, overseer or ruler, provides her supplies in the summer, and gathers her food in the harvest" (6.6–8). Later, in a parallel saying of Agur, the insects figure among the 'four things that are little upon the earth but they are exceeding wise. The ants are a people not strong, yet they provide their food in the summer.' (30.24–25)
There was, nevertheless, an alternative tradition also ascribed to Aesop in which the ant was seen as a bad example. This appears as a counter-fable and is numbered 166 in the Perry Index. It relates that the ant was once a man who was always busy farming. Not satisfied with the results of his own labour, he plundered his neighbours' crops at night. This angered the king of the gods, who turned him into what is now an ant. Yet even though the man had changed his shape, he did not change his habits and to this day goes around the fields gathering the fruits of other people's labour, storing them up for himself. The moral given the fable in old Greek sources was that it is easier to change in appearance than to change one's moral nature. It has rarely been noticed since Classical times. Among the few prominent collectors of fables who recorded it later were Gabriele Faerno (1564), and Roger L'Estrange (1692). The latter's comment is that the ant's "Vertue and Vice, in many Cases, are hardly Distinguishable but by the Name".
In art
Because of the influence of La Fontaine's Fables, in which La cigale et la fourmi stands at the beginning, the grasshopper then became the proverbial example of improvidence in France: so much so that Jules-Joseph Lefebvre (1836–1911) could paint a picture of a female nude biting one of her nails among the falling leaves and be sure viewers would understand the point by giving it the title La Cigale. The painting was exhibited at the 1872 Salon with a quotation from La Fontaine, Quand la bise fut venue (When the north wind blew), and was seen as a critique of the lately deposed Napoleon III, who had led the nation into a disastrous war with Prussia. Another with the same title, alternatively known as "Girl with a Mandolin" (1890), was painted by Edouard Bisson (1856–1939) and depicts a gypsy musician in a sleeveless dress shivering in the falling snow. Also so-named is the painting by Henrietta Rae (a student of Lefebvre's) of a naked girl with a mandolin slung over her back who is cowering among the falling leaves at the root of a tree.
The grasshopper and the ant are generally depicted as women because both words for the insects are of the feminine gender in most Romance languages. Picturing the grasshopper as a musician, generally carrying a mandolin or guitar, was a convention that grew up when the insect was portrayed as a human being, since singers accompanied themselves on those instruments. The sculptor and painter Ignaz Stern (1679–1748) also has the grasshopper thinly clad and shivering in the paired statues he produced under the title of the fable, while the jovial ant is more warmly dressed. But the anticlerical painter Jehan Georges Vibert has male characters in his picture of "La cigale et la fourmi" from 1875. It is painted as a mediaeval scene in which a minstrel with a tall lute on his back encounters a monk on a snow-covered upland. The warmly shrouded monk has been out gathering alms and may be supposed to be giving the musician a lecture on his improvidence. By contrast, the Naturalist Victor-Gabriel Gilbert (1847–1933) pictures the fable as being enacted in the marketplace of a small town in Northern France. An elderly stall-keeper is frowning at a decrepit woman who has paused nearby, while her younger companion looks on in distress. In his lithograph from the Volpini Suite, “Les cigales et les fourmis” (1889), Paul Gauguin avoids making a judgment. Subtitled ‘a souvenir of Martinique', it pictures a group of women sitting or lying on the ground while in the background other women walk past with baskets on their heads. He is content that they exemplify the behaviour proverbially assigned to the insects without moral comment.
For a long time, the illustrators of fable books had tended to concentrate on picturing winter landscapes, with the encounter between the insects occupying only the lower foreground. In the 19th century the insects grew in size and began to take on human dress. It was this tendency that was reproduced in that curiosity of publishing, the 1894 Choix de Fables de La Fontaine, Illustrée par un Groupe des Meilleurs Artistes de Tokio, which was printed in Japan and illustrated by some of the foremost woodblock artists of the day. Kajita Hanko's treatment of the story takes place in a typical snowy landscape with the cricket approaching a thatched cottage, watched through a window by the robed ant. An earlier Chinese treatment, commissioned mid-century by Baron Félix-Sébastien Feuillet de Conches through his diplomatic contacts, uses human figures to depict the situation. An old woman in a ragged dress approaches the lady of the house, who is working at her spinning wheel on an open verandah.
Use of the insects to point a moral lesson extends into the 20th century. In Jean Vernon's bronze medal from the 1930s, the supplicant cicada is depicted as crouching on a branch while the ant rears up below with its legs about a beechnut. Engraved to one side is its sharp reply, Vous chantiez, j’en suis fort aise./ Eh bien, dansez maintenant. (You sang? I'm glad; now you can dance.) Jacob Lawrence depicts much the same scene in his 1969 ink drawing of the fable, but with a different moral intent. There a weeping grasshopper stands before a seated ant who reaches back to lock his storeroom door. It is notable that artistic sentiment has by now moved against the ant with the recognition that improvidence is not always the only cause of poverty. Nevertheless, Hungary used the fable to promote a savings campaign on a 60 forint stamp in 1958. The following year it appeared again in a series depicting fairy tales, as it did as one of many pendents on a 1.50 tögrög stamp from Mongolia. In this case the main stamp was commemorating the 1970 World's Fair in Japan with a picture of the Sumitomo fairy tale pavilion.
Later adaptations
La Fontaine's portrayal of the Ant as a flawed character, reinforced by the ambivalence of the alternative fable, led to that insect too being viewed as anything but an example of virtue. Jules Massenet's two-act ballet Cigale, first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris in 1904, portrays the cicada as a charitable woman who takes pity on "La Pauvrette" (the poor little one). But La Pauvrette, after being taken in and fed, is rude and heartless when the situation is reversed. Cigale is left to die in the snow at the close of the ballet.
La Fontaine's poem has also been subverted by several French parodies. In Joseph Autran's Réhabilitation de la fourmi, the ant, while only having straw to eat himself, agrees to share his stocks with the cicada, so long as she sings him a song that would remind them of the summer, which, to him, will be more than worth the price. Tristan Corbière's A Marcelle - le poete et la cigale is a light-hearted literary criticism of a bad poet. In the 20th century, Jean Anouilh uses it as the basis for two almost independent fables. In La fourmi et la cigale the ant becomes an overworked housewife whom the dust follows into the grave. The cicada's comment is that she prefers to employ a maid. In La Cigale, Anouilh engages with the reality of the artistic life, reviewing the cicada as the type of the female musician. In this fable she figures as a night-club singer who asks a fox to act as her agent. He believes that she will be an easy victim for his manipulations but she handles him with such frosty finesse that he takes up singing himself. Pierre Perret's 1990 version in urban slang satirises the cicada's more traditional role as a thoughtless ‘queen of the hit parade’. The subversion lies in the four-line moral at the end, in which he advises that it is better to be an impresario than a performer.
Roland Bacri takes the tale into fresh territory with his Fable Electorale. An unelected politician out of funds visits the ant and, on being asked what he did during the past election, replied that he sang the national anthem. Playing on the final words of La Fontaine's fable (Eh bien, dansez maintenant), the industrialist advises him to stand for president (presidensez maintenant). On the other hand, Francoise Sagan turns the satire against the too industrious. Her ant has been stockpiling all winter and urges the grasshopper to invest in her wares when spring comes. But the grasshopper's needs are few and she advises holding a discount sale instead. To take a final example, the Anti-Cancer League has turned the fable into an attack on smoking. The grasshopper's appeal, out of pocket and desperate for a cigarette, is turned down by another play on the original ending. So, she had smoked all through the summer? OK, now cough (Et bien, toussez).
The English writer W. Somerset Maugham reverses the moral order in a different way in his short story, "The Ant and The Grasshopper" (1924). It concerns two brothers, one of whom is a dissolute waster whose hard-working brother has constantly to bail out of difficulties. At the end the latter is enraged to discover that his 'grasshopper' brother has married a rich widow, who then dies and leaves him a fortune. The story was later adapted in the film Encore (1951) and the English television series Somerset Maugham Hour (1960). James Joyce also adapts the fable into a tale of brotherly conflict in "The Ondt and the Gracehoper" episode in Finnegans Wake (1939) and makes of the twin brothers Shem and Shaun opposing tendencies within the human personality:
These twain are the twins that tick Homo Vulgaris.
In America, John Ciardi's poetical fable for children, "John J. Plenty and Fiddler Dan" (1963), makes an argument for poetry over fanatical hard work. Ciardi's ant, John J. Plenty, is so bent upon saving that he eats very little of what he has saved. Meanwhile, Fiddler Dan the grasshopper and his non-conforming ant wife survive the winter without help and resume playing music with the return of spring.
Ambrose Bierce has two variant of the tale in his Fantastic Fable. In the first, "The Grasshopper and the Ant", after the ant asks the grasshopper why it didn't make any stocks, it replies that it actually did, but the ants broke in and took them all away. In another, "The Ants and the Grasshopper", the grasshopper is a miner who was too busy digging to prepare, while the ants are replaced by politicians, for whom it is his work which is "profitless amusement".
John Updike's 1987 short story "Brother Grasshopper" deals with a pair of brothers-in-law whose lives parallel the fable of the ant and the grasshopper. One, Fred Barrow, lives a conservative, restrained existence; the other, Carlyle Lothrop, spends his money profligately, especially on joint vacations for the two men's families, even as he becomes financially insolvent. However, at the end comes an unexpected inversion of the characters' archetypal roles. When Carlyle dies, Fred, now divorced and lonely, realizes that he has been left with a rich store of memories which would not have existed without his friend's largesse.
"Revolution" (La Rivoluzione), a poem by the Italian Communist writer Gianni Rodari, offers an alternative political moral by cutting through the debate over duty, compassion, and utilitarianism that has been the legacy of La Fontaine's fable. He describes simply seeing an ant give half of his provisions to a cicada. Such generosity is the true revolution! In Dmitry Bykov's poem "Fable" (Басня) the grasshopper is perishing from cold and dreams that in Heaven the ant will someday ask her to let him share in her dance, to which she'll answer "Go and work!"
Musical settings
La Fontaine's version of the fable was set by the following French composers:
Louis-Nicolas Clérambault, to whom the works in the fables section of Nouvelles poésies spirituelles et morales sur les plus beaux airs (1730–37) have been attributed. The text is modified to fit the tune and is retitled La fourmi et la sauterelle.
Jacques Offenbach in Six Fables de La Fontaine (1842) for soprano and small orchestra
Charles Gounod, part-song for a cappella choir (1857)
Benjamin Godard, the second of Six Fables de La Fontaine for voice and piano, (Op.17 1872/9)
Eugenie Santa Coloma Sourget for high voice and piano (1881).
Louis Lacombe, set for 4 male voices (Op. 88,2 1887)
Charles Lecocq in Six Fables de Jean de la Fontaine for voice and piano (1900)
Camille Saint-Saëns in La cigale et la fourmi for voice and piano or orchestra (circa 1860s)
André Caplet in Trois Fables de Jean de la Fontaine (1919) for voice and piano
Paul-Marie Masson, for voice and piano (1926)
Maurice Delage in Deux fables de Jean de la Fontaine (1931)
Marcelle de Manziarly in Trois Fables de La Fontaine (1935) for voice and piano
Jean-René Quignard for 2 children's voices
Charles Trenet, performed with Django Reinhardt and the Hot Club de France in 1941
Marie-Madeleine Duruflé as the fifth in her 6 Fables de La Fontaine for A cappella female voices (1960)
Claude Ballif, the first of his Chansonettes : 5 Fables de La Fontaine for small mixed choir (Op.72, Nº1 1995)
Ida Gotkovsky, the first fable in Hommage à Jean de La Fontaine for mixed choirs and orchestra (1995)
Jean-Marie Morel (1934-), a small cantata set for children's choir and string quartet in La Fontaine en chantant (1999)
Isabelle Aboulker, the fourth piece in Femmes en fables (1999) for high voice with piano
Vladimir Cosma, the first piece in Eh bien ! Dansez maintenant (2006), a light-hearted interpretation for narrator and orchestra in the style of a gavotte.
There were two comic operas that went under the title La cigale et la fourmi in the 19th century. The one by Ferdinand Poise was in one act and dated 1870. The one by Edmond Audran was in three acts and performed in Paris in 1886, in London in 1890 and in New York in 1891. This was shortly followed by the darker mood of Jules Massenet's ballet Cigale, mentioned above. Later adaptations of the fable to ballet include Henri Sauguet's La cigale at la fourmi (1941) and the third episode in Francis Poulenc's Les Animaux modèles (Model Animals, 1941). In the 21st century there has been "La C et la F de la F", in which the dancers interact with the text, choreographed by Herman Diephuis for Annie Sellem's composite presentation of the fables in 2004. It also figures among the four in the film Les Fables à la Fontaine directed by Marie-Hélène Rebois in 2004.
The Belgian composer Joseph Jongen set La Fontaine's fable for children's chorus and piano (op. 118, 1941) and the Dutch composer Rudolf Koumans set the French text in Vijf fabels van La Fontaine (op. 25, 1964) for school chorus and orchestra. There is a happier ending in the American composer Shawn Allen's children's opera, The Ant and the Grasshopper (1999). At the end of this thirty-minute work, the two insects become musical partners during the winter after the ant revives the dying grasshopper.
Ivan Krylov's variant of the fable was set for voice and piano by Anton Rubinstein in 1851; a German version (Der Ameise und die Libelle) was later published in Leipzig in 1864 as part of his Fünf Fabeln (Op.64). In the following century the Russian text was again set by Dmitri Shostakovich in Two Fables of Krylov for mezzo-soprano, female chorus and chamber orchestra (op.4, 1922). A Hungarian translation of the fable by Dezső Kosztolányi was also set for mezzo-soprano, four-part mixed chorus and 4 guitars or piano by Ferenc Farkas in 1977. The Catalan composer Xavier Benguerel i Godó set the fable in his 7 Fábulas de la Fontaine for recitation with orchestra in 1995. These used a Catalan translation by his father, the writer .
There have also been purely instrumental pieces; these include the first of Antal Dorati's 5 Pieces for Oboe (1980) and the first of Karim Al-Zand's Four Fables for flute, clarinet and piano (2003).
Settings of the Aesop version have been much rarer. It was among Mabel Wood Hill's Aesop's Fables Interpreted Through Music (New York, 1920). It was also included among David Edgar Walther's ‘short operatic dramas’ in 2009. In 2010 Lefteris Kordis set the Greek text as the second fable in his "Aesop Project" for octet and voice.
Moral and artistic debate
La Fontaine follows ancient sources in his 17th century retelling of the fable, where the ant suggests at the end that since the grasshopper has sung all summer she should now dance for its entertainment. However, his only direct criticism of the ant is that it lacked generosity. The Grasshopper had asked for a loan which it promised to pay back with interest, but "The Ant had a failing,/She wasn't a lender".
The readers of his time were aware of the Christian duty of charity and therefore sensed the moral ambiguity of the fable. This is further brought out by Gustave Doré's 1880s print which pictures the story as a human situation. A female musician stands at a door in the snow with the children of the house looking up at her with sympathy. Their mother looks down from the top of the steps. Her tireless industry is indicated by the fact that she continues knitting but, in a country where the knitting-women (les tricoteuses) had jeered at the victims of the guillotine during the French Revolution, this activity would also have been associated with lack of pity.
Other French fabulists since La Fontaine had already started the counter-attack on the self-righteous ant. In around 1800 Jean-Jacques Boisard has the cricket answering the ant's criticism of his enjoyment of life with the philosophical proposition that since we must all die in the end, Hoarding is folly, enjoyment is wise. In a Catholic educational work (Fables, 1851) Jacques-Melchior Villefranche offers a sequel in which the ant loses its stores and asks the bee for help. The ant's former taunt to the grasshopper is now turned on himself:
But then the bee reveals that it has already given the grasshopper shelter and invites the ant to join him since 'All who are suffering/Deserve help equally.'
La Fontaine's fable also had a number of translations into Russian, in most of which the word used for the grasshopper is strekoza. Though that word means a dragonfly today, at the time it could be used for a grasshopper as well. Ivan Krylov's best known "The Grasshopper and the Ant" (Strekoza i muravej, 1808) follows the French original closely, but in the 1782 variant by Ivan Chemnitzer, simply titled "The Grasshopper", there is an alternative ending. This comments on the ant's final words that they were only spoken for the sake of teaching the grasshopper a lesson, after which the ant really did feed the grasshopper out of pity.
In the 20th century the fable entered the political arena. Walt Disney's cartoon version, The Grasshopper and the Ants (1934) confronts the dilemma of how to deal with improvidence from the point of view of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. The Grasshopper's irresponsibility is underlined by his song "The World Owes us a Living", which later that year became a Shirley Temple hit, rewritten to encase the story of the earlier cartoon. In the end the ants take pity on the grasshopper on certain conditions. The Queen of the Ants decrees that the grasshopper may stay, but he must play his fiddle in return for his room and board. He agrees to this arrangement, finally learning that he needs to make himself useful, and 'changes his tune' to
In recent times, the fable has again been put to political use by both sides in the social debate between the enterprise culture and those who consider the advantaged have a responsibility towards the disadvantaged. A modern satirical version of the story, originally written in 1994, has the grasshopper calling a press conference at the beginning of the winter to complain about socio-economic inequity, and being given the ant's house. This version was written by Pittsburgh talk show guru Jim Quinn as an attack on the Clinton administration's social programme in the USA. In 2008 Conservative columnist Michelle Malkin also updated the story to satirize the policies of 'Barack Cicada'. There have been adaptations into other languages as well. But the commentary at the end of an Indian reworking explains such social conflict as the result of selective media presentation that exploits envy and fear.
The fable has equally been pressed into service in the debate over the artist's place within the work ethic. In Marie de France's mediaeval version the grasshopper had pleaded that its work was 'to sing and bring pleasure to all creatures, but I find none who will now return the same to me.' The ant's reply is thoroughly materialistic, however: 'Why should I give food to thee/When you cannot give aid to me?' At the end of the 15th century, Laurentius Abstemius makes a utilitarian point using different insects in his similar fable of the gnat and the bee. The gnat applies to the bee for food and shelter in winter and offers to teach her children music in return. The bee's reply is that she prefers to teach the children a useful trade that will preserve them from hunger and cold.
The fable of "A Gnat and a Bee" was later to be included by Thomas Bewick in his 1818 edition of Aesop's Fables. The conclusion he draws there is that 'The many unhappy people whom we see daily singing up and down in order to divert other people, though with very heavy hearts of their own, should warn all those who have the education of children how necessary it is to bring them up to industry and business, be their present prospects ever so hopeful.' The arts are no more highly regarded by the French revolutionary Pierre-Louis Ginguené whose "New Fables" (1810) include "The Grasshopper and the Other Insects". There the Grasshopper exhorts the others to follow his example of tireless artistic activity and is answered that the only justification for poetry can be if it is socially useful.
Such utilitarianism was soon to be challenged by Romanticism and its championship of the artist has coloured later attitudes. In the early decades of the 20th century, the Romanian poet George Topîrceanu was to make the case for pure artistic creation in "The ballad of a small grasshopper" (Balada unui greier mic), although more in the telling than by outright moralising. A cricket passes the summer in singing; autumn arrives, but he continues. It is only in icy winter that the cricket realizes that he hasn't provided for himself. He goes to his neighbour, the ant, to ask for something to eat, but the ant refuses saying, “You wasted your time all summer long.” The English folk-singer and children's writer Leon Rosselson subtly turns the tables in much the same way in his 1970s song The Ant and the Grasshopper, using the story to rebuke the self-righteous ant (and those humans with his mindset) for letting his fellow creatures die of want and for his blindness to the joy of life.
In the field of children's literature, Slade and Toni Morrison's rap retelling of the fable, Who's Got Game?: The Ant or the Grasshopper? (2003), where the grasshopper represents the artisan, provokes a discussion about the importance of art. An earlier improvisation on the story that involves art and its value was written by the Silesian artist Janosch under the title "Die Fiedelgrille und der Maulwurf" (The fiddling cricket and the mole), originally published in 1982 and in English translation in 1983. There the cricket fiddles for the entertainment of the animals all summer but is rejected by the stag beetle and the mouse when winter comes. She eventually encounters the mole who loves her music, especially because he is blind, and invites her to stay with him.
The theme had been treated at an even further distance in Leo Lionni's Frederick (1967). Here a fieldmouse, in a community narrowly focused on efficiently gathering for the winter, concentrates instead on gathering impressions. When the other mice question the usefulness of this, Frederick insists that 'gathering sun rays for the cold dark winter days' is also work. Indeed, the community comes to recognise this after the food has run out and morale is low, when it is Frederick's poetry that raises their spirits.
See also
The Fly and the Ant
The Little Red Hen, a folk tale with a similar moral
References
External links
"The Ant and the Grasshopper", 15th-20th century book illustrations
"The Grasshopper and the Ants", 15th-20th century book and manuscript illustrations
Aesop's Fables
Fables by Laurentius Abstemius
La Fontaine's Fables
Fiction about insects
Fictional ants
Fictional grasshoppers
Literary duos |
```javascript
const borderRadius = '3px';
const fontFamily = 'Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif';
const styles = {
card: {
'background-color': 'white',
'border-radius': borderRadius,
'box-shadow': '0 1px 1px rgba(50,59,67,0.1)',
padding: '1.5em',
'font-family': fontFamily,
color: '#222',
'max-width': '20em',
},
row: {
width: '100%',
display: 'flex',
'flex-direction': 'row',
},
avatar: {
'border-radius': borderRadius,
height: '6em',
width: '6em',
},
information: {
'padding-left': '1.5em',
display: 'flex',
'flex-direction': 'column',
'justify-content': 'center',
},
name: {
'font-size': '1.5em',
'font-family': fontFamily,
margin: 0,
color: '#222',
},
username: {
'font-size': '1em',
'font-family': fontFamily,
'font-weight': 300,
margin: 0,
color: '#999',
},
paragraph: {
'font-size': '1em',
margin: '1.25em 0',
'font-family': fontFamily,
color: '#222',
},
buttonWrapper: {
display: 'flex',
width: '100%',
'align-items': 'center',
'justify-content': 'center',
},
};
export default styles;
``` |
Cherdpong Punsoni (born 17 November 1947) is a Thai judoka. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
References
1947 births
Living people
Cherdpong Punsoni
Cherdpong Punsoni
Judoka at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Cherdpong Punsoni |
Orange Walk Football Club is a Belizean football team, currently playing in the Premier League of Belize.
The team is based in Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District. Their home stadium is People's Stadium, and was founded on 21 June 2016.
References
Football clubs in Belize
association football clubs established in 2016
2016 establishments in Belize |
```javascript
const dotenvExpand = require('dotenv-expand');
dotenvExpand(require('dotenv').config({ path: '../../.env'/*, debug: true*/}));
const mix = require('laravel-mix');
require('laravel-mix-merge-manifest');
mix.setPublicPath('../../public').mergeManifest();
mix.js(__dirname + '/Resources/assets/js/app.js', 'js/imagelibary.js')
.sass( __dirname + '/Resources/assets/sass/app.scss', 'css/imagelibary.css');
if (mix.inProduction()) {
mix.version();
}
``` |
```c
/* filter_neon_intrinsics.c - NEON optimised filter functions
*
* Written by James Yu <james.yu at linaro.org>, October 2013.
* Based on filter_neon.S, written by Mans Rullgard, 2011.
*
* Last changed in libpng 1.6.16 [December 22, 2014]
*
* This code is released under the libpng license.
* For conditions of distribution and use, see the disclaimer
* and license in png.h
*/
#include "../pngpriv.h"
#ifdef PNG_READ_SUPPORTED
/* This code requires -mfpu=neon on the command line: */
#if PNG_ARM_NEON_IMPLEMENTATION == 1 /* intrinsics code from pngpriv.h */
#include <arm_neon.h>
/* libpng row pointers are not necessarily aligned to any particular boundary,
* however this code will only work with appropriate alignment. arm/arm_init.c
* checks for this (and will not compile unless it is done). This code uses
* variants of png_aligncast to avoid compiler warnings.
*/
#define png_ptr(type,pointer) png_aligncast(type *,pointer)
#define png_ptrc(type,pointer) png_aligncastconst(const type *,pointer)
/* The following relies on a variable 'temp_pointer' being declared with type
* 'type'. This is written this way just to hide the GCC strict aliasing
* warning; note that the code is safe because there never is an alias between
* the input and output pointers.
*/
#define png_ldr(type,pointer)\
(temp_pointer = png_ptr(type,pointer), *temp_pointer)
#if PNG_ARM_NEON_OPT > 0
void
png_read_filter_row_up_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16, pp += 16)
{
uint8x16_t qrp, qpp;
qrp = vld1q_u8(rp);
qpp = vld1q_u8(pp);
qrp = vaddq_u8(qrp, qpp);
vst1q_u8(rp, qrp);
}
}
void
png_read_filter_row_sub3_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x16_t vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp);
uint8x8x2_t *vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t, &vtmp);
uint8x8x2_t vrp = *vrpt;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop;)
{
uint8x8_t vtmp1, vtmp2;
uint32x2_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 3);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[0]);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 6);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vtmp1);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[1], vrp.val[1], 1);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp2);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp1);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp + 12);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t, &vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[0]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[1]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[2]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[3]), 0);
rp += 3;
}
PNG_UNUSED(prev_row)
}
void
png_read_filter_row_sub4_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16)
{
uint32x2x4_t vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp));
uint8x8x4_t *vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
uint8x8x4_t vrp = *vrpt;
uint32x2x4_t *temp_pointer;
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vrp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vrp.val[3]);
vst4_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2x4_t,&vdest), 0);
}
PNG_UNUSED(prev_row)
}
void
png_read_filter_row_avg3_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x16_t vtmp;
uint8x8x2_t *vrpt;
uint8x8x2_t vrp;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
for (; rp < rp_stop; pp += 12)
{
uint8x8_t vtmp1, vtmp2, vtmp3;
uint8x8x2_t *vppt;
uint8x8x2_t vpp;
uint32x2_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld1q_u8(pp);
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 3);
vdest.val[0] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 3);
vtmp3 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 6);
vdest.val[1] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vtmp2);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp1);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 6);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[1], vrp.val[1], 1);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp + 12);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vdest.val[2] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp2);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp3);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[1], vpp.val[1], 1);
vdest.val[3] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp2);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vtmp1);
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[0]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[1]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[2]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[3]), 0);
rp += 3;
}
}
void
png_read_filter_row_avg4_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16, pp += 16)
{
uint32x2x4_t vtmp;
uint8x8x4_t *vrpt, *vppt;
uint8x8x4_t vrp, vpp;
uint32x2x4_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp));
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptrc(uint32_t,pp));
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vdest.val[0] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vpp.val[1]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vrp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vpp.val[2]);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vrp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = vhadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vpp.val[3]);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[3]);
vst4_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2x4_t,&vdest), 0);
}
}
static uint8x8_t
paeth(uint8x8_t a, uint8x8_t b, uint8x8_t c)
{
uint8x8_t d, e;
uint16x8_t p1, pa, pb, pc;
p1 = vaddl_u8(a, b); /* a + b */
pc = vaddl_u8(c, c); /* c * 2 */
pa = vabdl_u8(b, c); /* pa */
pb = vabdl_u8(a, c); /* pb */
pc = vabdq_u16(p1, pc); /* pc */
p1 = vcleq_u16(pa, pb); /* pa <= pb */
pa = vcleq_u16(pa, pc); /* pa <= pc */
pb = vcleq_u16(pb, pc); /* pb <= pc */
p1 = vandq_u16(p1, pa); /* pa <= pb && pa <= pc */
d = vmovn_u16(pb);
e = vmovn_u16(p1);
d = vbsl_u8(d, b, c);
e = vbsl_u8(e, a, d);
return e;
}
void
png_read_filter_row_paeth3_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
uint8x16_t vtmp;
uint8x8x2_t *vrpt;
uint8x8x2_t vrp;
uint8x8_t vlast = vdup_n_u8(0);
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
for (; rp < rp_stop; pp += 12)
{
uint8x8x2_t *vppt;
uint8x8x2_t vpp;
uint8x8_t vtmp1, vtmp2, vtmp3;
uint32x2_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld1q_u8(pp);
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vdest.val[0] = paeth(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0], vlast);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 3);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 3);
vdest.val[1] = paeth(vdest.val[0], vtmp2, vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vtmp1);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[0], vrp.val[1], 6);
vtmp3 = vext_u8(vpp.val[0], vpp.val[1], 6);
vdest.val[2] = paeth(vdest.val[1], vtmp3, vtmp2);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vtmp1);
vtmp1 = vext_u8(vrp.val[1], vrp.val[1], 1);
vtmp2 = vext_u8(vpp.val[1], vpp.val[1], 1);
vtmp = vld1q_u8(rp + 12);
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x2_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vdest.val[3] = paeth(vdest.val[2], vtmp2, vtmp3);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vtmp1);
vlast = vtmp2;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[0]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[1]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[2]), 0);
rp += 3;
vst1_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2_t,&vdest.val[3]), 0);
rp += 3;
}
}
void
png_read_filter_row_paeth4_neon(png_row_infop row_info, png_bytep row,
png_const_bytep prev_row)
{
png_bytep rp = row;
png_bytep rp_stop = row + row_info->rowbytes;
png_const_bytep pp = prev_row;
uint8x8_t vlast = vdup_n_u8(0);
uint8x8x4_t vdest;
vdest.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(0);
for (; rp < rp_stop; rp += 16, pp += 16)
{
uint32x2x4_t vtmp;
uint8x8x4_t *vrpt, *vppt;
uint8x8x4_t vrp, vpp;
uint32x2x4_t *temp_pointer;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp));
vrpt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vrp = *vrpt;
vtmp = vld4_u32(png_ptrc(uint32_t,pp));
vppt = png_ptr(uint8x8x4_t,&vtmp);
vpp = *vppt;
vdest.val[0] = paeth(vdest.val[3], vpp.val[0], vlast);
vdest.val[0] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[0], vrp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = paeth(vdest.val[0], vpp.val[1], vpp.val[0]);
vdest.val[1] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[1], vrp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = paeth(vdest.val[1], vpp.val[2], vpp.val[1]);
vdest.val[2] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[2], vrp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = paeth(vdest.val[2], vpp.val[3], vpp.val[2]);
vdest.val[3] = vadd_u8(vdest.val[3], vrp.val[3]);
vlast = vpp.val[3];
vst4_lane_u32(png_ptr(uint32_t,rp), png_ldr(uint32x2x4_t,&vdest), 0);
}
}
#endif /* PNG_ARM_NEON_OPT > 0 */
#endif /* PNG_ARM_NEON_IMPLEMENTATION == 1 (intrinsics) */
#endif /* READ */
``` |
```smalltalk
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
// provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
// and the following disclaimer.
//
// - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
// conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
// with the distribution.
//
// - Neither the name of Daniel Kollmann nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
// or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY
// WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The above software in this distribution may have been modified by THL A29 Limited ("Tencent Modifications").
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Behaviac.Design.Properties;
namespace Behaviac.Design.Attributes
{
[AttributeUsage(/*AttributeTargets.Field | */AttributeTargets.Property)]
public class DesignerString : DesignerProperty
{
/// <summary>
/// Creates a new designer attribute for handling a string value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="displayName">The name shown on the node and in the property editor for the property.</param>
/// <param name="description">The description shown in the property editor for the property.</param>
/// <param name="category">The category shown in the property editor for the property.</param>
/// <param name="displayMode">Defines how the property is visualised in the editor.</param>
/// <param name="displayOrder">Defines the order the properties will be sorted in when shown in the property grid. Lower come first.</param>
/// <param name="flags">Defines the designer flags stored for the property.</param>
public DesignerString(string displayName, string description, string category, DisplayMode displayMode, int displayOrder, DesignerFlags flags)
: base(displayName, description, category, displayMode, displayOrder, flags, typeof(DesignerStringEditor), null)
{
}
public static string trimQuotes(string text)
{
char[] toTrim = { '"' };
return text.Trim(toTrim);
}
public override string GetDisplayValue(object obj)
{
if (obj == null)
{
return string.Empty;
}
return trimQuotes((string)obj);
}
public override string GetExportValue(object owner, object obj)
{
if (obj == null)
{
return "";
}
if (Plugin.IsCharType(obj.GetType()))
{
return obj.ToString();
}
string s = (string)obj;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s))
{
return "";
}
//return string.Format("\"{0}\"", s);
return trimQuotes(s);
}
public override object FromStringValue(List<Nodes.Node.ErrorCheck> result, DefaultObject node, object parentObject, Type type, string str)
{
if (type == typeof(string))
{
return trimQuotes(str);
}
else if (Plugin.IsCharType(type))
{
if (str.Length >= 1)
{
char r = str[0];
return r;
}
//return "";
return 'A';
}
throw new Exception(Resources.ExceptionDesignerAttributeInvalidType);
}
}
}
``` |
```ruby
require 'spec_helper'
require 'cfn-model'
require 'cfn-nag/custom_rules/EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule'
describe EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule do
describe 'AWS::EMR::Cluster' do
context 'when SecurityConfiguration property is set and config exists in the same template' do
it 'does not return an offending logical resource id' do
cfn_model = CfnParser.new.parse read_test_template('yaml/emr_cluster/emr_cluster_with_properly_configured_encryption.yml')
actual_logical_resource_ids = EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule.new.audit_impl cfn_model
expect(actual_logical_resource_ids).to eq []
end
end
context 'when SecurityConfiguration property is not set or is external' do
it 'returns an offending logical resource id' do
cfn_model = CfnParser.new.parse read_test_template('yaml/emr_cluster/emr_cluster_without_security_configuration.yml')
actual_logical_resource_ids = EMRClusterSecurityConfigurationAttachedRule.new.audit_impl cfn_model
expect(actual_logical_resource_ids).to eq %w[
EMRClusterWithoutSecurityConfiguration
EMRClusterWithExternalSecurityConfiguration
]
end
end
end
end
``` |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
* tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
* in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
* be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
#ifndef VIDEO_ALIGNMENT_ADJUSTER_H_
#define VIDEO_ALIGNMENT_ADJUSTER_H_
#include "api/video_codecs/video_encoder.h"
#include "api/video_codecs/video_encoder_config.h"
namespace webrtc {
class AlignmentAdjuster {
public:
// Returns the resolution alignment requested by the encoder (i.e
// |EncoderInfo::requested_resolution_alignment| which ensures that delivered
// frames to the encoder are divisible by this alignment).
//
// If |EncoderInfo::apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers| is enabled, the
// alignment will be adjusted to ensure that each simulcast layer also is
// divisible by |requested_resolution_alignment|. The configured scale factors
// |scale_resolution_down_by| may be adjusted to a common multiple to limit
// the alignment value to avoid largely cropped frames and possibly with an
// aspect ratio far from the original.
// Note: |max_layers| currently only taken into account when using default
// scale factors.
static int GetAlignmentAndMaybeAdjustScaleFactors(
const VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo& info,
VideoEncoderConfig* config,
absl::optional<size_t> max_layers);
};
} // namespace webrtc
#endif // VIDEO_ALIGNMENT_ADJUSTER_H_
``` |
Foot washing is the act of cleansing one's feet.
Foot washing may also refer to:
Maundy (foot washing), a religious rite involving foot washing observed by various Christian denominations
Wudu, the Islamic procedure for cleansing parts of the body which involves foot washing |
Hemorphin-4 is an endogenous opioid peptide of the hemorphin family which possesses antinociceptive properties and is derived from the β-chain of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. It is a tetrapeptide with the amino acid sequence Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr. Hemorphin-4 has affinities for the μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors that are in the same range as the structurally related β-casomorphins, although affinity to the κ-opioid receptor is markedly higher in comparison. It acts as an agonist at these sites. Hemorphin-4 also has inhibitory effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and as a result, may play a role in the regulation of blood pressure. Notably, inhibition of ACE also reduces enkephalin catabolism.
See also
Casomorphin
References
Delta-opioid receptor agonists
Kappa-opioid receptor agonists
Mu-opioid receptor agonists
Opioid peptides
Tetrapeptides |
Pengiran Zety Sufina (born 31 October 1971) is a Bruneian politician who currently serves as the Deputy Minister of Finance and Economy since 2022. Additionally, she is the co-chair of the Centre of Strategic and Policy Studies, deputy co-chairman of Brunei Economic Development Board (BEDB), Chairman of Ghanim International Corporation, and Director of Royal Brunei Airlines (RBA) from 2021 to 2023. She is also the deputy chairman of the board of directors of several institutions such as Brunei Darussalam Central Bank (BDCB) and Jerudong Park Medical Centre (JPMC).
Career
The Ministry of Education awarded Pengiran Zety Sufina a Special Scheme Scholarship in 1989. In 1993, she earned an Bachelor's Degree in Accounting (hons) in accounting from the University of Hull in the United Kingdom. She started working as a finance officer in the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Finance immediately after graduating, working in a variety of departments including the Housing Loan Unit, the Main Ledger Unit, and the Payroll Unit.
In May 1998, Pengiran Zety Sufina was assigned to the Ministry of Defence's Directorate of Finance & Acquisition (DFA). She received the opportunity to fill the position of Assistant Director of Finance at DFA in December 2005 after being promoted to Senior Finance Officer. She was relocated to the Ministry of Finance's Expenditure Division in March 2010, where her primary responsibility was managing the state budget, and was given the position of Assistant Director of Budget a year later. She gained useful expertise in international development and attempts to reduce poverty while working for a year at the World Bank in Washington, D.C., in 2012 as the Senior Adviser in the Southeast Asia Constituency Executive Director's Office.
Pengiran Zety Sufina was appointed the Deputy Director at the Wawasan Brunei Council Secretariat in the Prime Minister's Office in April 2015, about a year after she returned to Brunei. Prior to that, she spent a few months as the Acting Senior Assistant Accountant General at the Treasury Department in the Ministry of Finance.
Pengiran Zety Sufina was named the Ministry of Defence's Deputy Permanent Secretary (Finance & Administration) on 21 November 2016. She was named Permanent Secretary (Performance & Corporate) at the Ministry of Finance and Economy on 20 September 2018, after being elevated to Permanent Secretary (Economy & Finance) at the Prime Minister's Office on 12 August of same year. She was named Permanent Secretary (Industry) at the Ministry of Finance and Economy as of 5 December 2019.
The Agreement on Mutual Protection of the Results of Intellectual Activity and Intellectual Property Protection in the Course of Bilateral Military-Technical Cooperation between the Governments of Russia and Brunei was signed on 4 April 2018 by Pengiran Zety Sufina and the Head of the Russian Federal Service for Intellectual Property.
On 7 June 2022, the sultan of Brunei announced the replacement of eight ministers and the appointment of the nation's first female cabinet member. Pengiran Zety Sufina, one of the female members of the new cabinet, was elevated from permanent secretary to deputy minister at the Ministry of Finance and Economy (MOFE).
Personal life
Pengiran Zety Sufina is the oldest of her five siblings and was born on 31 October 1971. She has four children, is married to Commander (Retired) Haji Azlan bin Haji Ahmad, and enjoys cycling, travel, and photography.
Honours
Pengiran Shamhary has earned the following honours:
Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei First Class (SPMB) – Datin Seri Paduka (15 July 2022)
References
1971 births
Living people
Bruneian civil servants
Bruneian royalty
Bruneian women civil servants
Bruneian women in politics
Finance ministers of Brunei
Women government ministers of Brunei
Bruneian Muslims
Alumni of the University of Hull |
Ulf Prange (born 25 July 1975 in Oldenburg) is a German lawyer and politician in the SPD and a member of Parliament in the state of Lower Saxony.
External links
Website von Ulf Prange
Website von Rechtsanwalt Ulf Prange
References
Jurists from Lower Saxony
Members of the Landtag of Lower Saxony
People from Oldenburg (city)
1975 births
Living people |
is a junction passenger railway station located in the town of Miyashiro, Saitama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tōbu Railway.
Lines
The station is served by the Tōbu Skytree Line, and forms the starting point of the Tōbu Skytree Line, Tōbu Isesaki Line and the Tōbu Nikkō Line. It is 41.0 km from the line's Tokyo terminus at .
Station layout
The station has two island platforms serving four tracks, with an elevated station building located above the tracks and platforms. Track 1 does not exist, and platform numbering starts from Platform 2
Platforms
Adjacent stations
History
The station opened on 27 August 1899 as . It was renamed on 16 March 1981 after the Tobu zoo and amusement park complex run by Tōbu, which is a ten-minute walk from the station. From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on all Tōbu lines, with Tōbu-dōbutsu-kōen Station becoming "TS-30".
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 31,354 passengers daily.
Surrounding area
Miyashiro Town Hall
Sugito Post Office
Nippon Institute of Technology
Tobu Zoo
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
Railway stations in Saitama Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1899
Tobu Skytree Line
Tobu Nikko Line
Tobu Isesaki Line
Stations of Tobu Railway
Miyashiro, Saitama |
```c++
#include "address_space_usage_stats.h"
#include <ostream>
namespace proton {
AddressSpaceUsageStats::AddressSpaceUsageStats(const vespalib::AddressSpace & usage)
: _usage(usage),
_attributeName(),
_component_name(),
_subDbName()
{
}
AddressSpaceUsageStats::~AddressSpaceUsageStats() = default;
void
AddressSpaceUsageStats::merge(const vespalib::AddressSpace &usage,
const std::string &attributeName,
const std::string &component_name,
const std::string &subDbName)
{
if (attributeName.empty() || usage.usage() > _usage.usage()) {
_usage = usage;
_attributeName = attributeName;
_component_name = component_name;
_subDbName = subDbName;
}
}
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& out, const AddressSpaceUsageStats& rhs)
{
out << "{usage=" << rhs.getUsage() <<
", attribute_name=" << rhs.getAttributeName() <<
", component_name=" << rhs.get_component_name() <<
", subdb_name=" << rhs.getSubDbName() << "}";
return out;
}
} // namespace proton
``` |
Motherwell will compete in the Scottish Premier League, Scottish Cup, Scottish League Cup and UEFA Europa League during the 2010–11 season. This is the third consecutive season in which Motherwell have been involved in European competition, the first time this has happened in the club's 125-year history.
Important Events
21 June 2010 – Draw for the UEFA Europa League second qualifying round. Motherwell draw Icelandic side, Breiðablik.
16 July 2010 – Draw for the UEFA Europa League third qualifying round. Motherwell draw Norwegian side, Aalesund.
21 June 2010 – Draw for the UEFA Europa League play-off round. Motherwell draw Danish side, Odense.
11 August 2010 – The club announce a new year-long sponsorship deal with Scottish telecommunications firm, Commsworld.
31 August 2010 – Draw for the Scottish League Cup third round. Motherwell draw Brechin City (away).
23 September 2010 – Draw for the Scottish League Cup quarter finals. Motherwell draw Dundee United (home).
5 October 2010 – Motherwell appoint new Vice-Chairman, Derek Weir, and report a modest profit for the sixth time in seven years.
28 October 2010 – Draw for the Scottish League Cup semi finals. Motherwell draw Rangers (tie to be played at Hampden).
22 November 2010 – Draw for the Scottish Cup Fourth round. Motherwell draw Dundee (away).
9 December 2010 – Manager Craig Brown resigns.
30 December 2010 – Motherwell appoint Stuart McCall as their new manager on a -year deal.
11 January 2011 – Draw for the Scottish Cup Fifth round. Motherwell draw Stranraer (away).
19 January 2011 – Kenny Black is confirmed as the new assistant manager.
6 February 2011 – Draw for the Scottish Cup quarter finals. Motherwell draw Dundee United (away).
23 February 2011 – Chairman John Boyle announces that he will stand down as Motherwell chairman, and give up his shareholding for free. The club also consider switching to a wider form of ownership.
14 March 2011 – Draw for the Scottish Cup semi finals. Motherwell draw St Johnstone with the tie to be played at Hampden Park.
16 April 2011 – Motherwell defeat St Johnstone 3–0 at Hampden Park to progress to the 2011 Scottish Cup Final where they are to play Celtic, again at Hampden Park.
15 May 2011 – Motherwell finish their league campaign with a 4–0 defeat by Scottish Cup final opponents, Celtic, at Parkhead in their 52nd and penultimate competitive fixture of the season.
21 May 2011 – Motherwell finish their campaign with a 3–0 Scottish Cup final defeat against Celtic at Hampden Park.
Transfers
For a list of Scottish football transfers in 2010–11, see transfers in season 2010–11
In Permanent
Out Permanent
Loans in
Loans out
First-team Squad
Updated 28 January 2011
Statistics
Appearances
Updated 21 May 2011
|}
Top scorers
Last updated on 21 May 2011
Disciplinary record
Last updated 26 July 2011
Last updated: 26 July 2011
Results and fixtures
Friendlies
Scottish Premier League
UEFA Europa League
Scottish Cup
Scottish League Cup
Competitions
Overall
SPL
Classification
Results summary
Results by round
Results by opponent
Source: 2010–11 Scottish Premier League article
See also
List of Motherwell F.C. seasons
Notes and references
External links
Motherwell F.C. Website
BBC My Club Page
Motherwell F.C. Newsnow
Motherwell F.C. seasons
Motherwell |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
require "spec_helper"
describe "Edit initiative" do
let(:organization) { create(:organization) }
let(:user) { create(:user, :confirmed, organization:) }
let(:initiative_title) { translated(initiative.title) }
let(:new_title) { "This is my initiative new title" }
let!(:initiative_type) { create(:initiatives_type, :attachments_enabled, :online_signature_enabled, organization:) }
let!(:scoped_type) { create(:initiatives_type_scope, type: initiative_type) }
let!(:other_initiative_type) { create(:initiatives_type, :attachments_enabled, organization:) }
let!(:other_scoped_type) { create(:initiatives_type_scope, type: initiative_type) }
let(:initiative_path) { decidim_initiatives.initiative_path(initiative) }
let(:edit_initiative_path) { decidim_initiatives.edit_initiative_path(initiative) }
shared_examples "manage update" do
it "can be updated" do
visit initiative_path
click_on("Edit")
expect(page).to have_content "Edit Initiative"
within "form.edit_initiative" do
fill_in :initiative_title, with: new_title
click_on "Update"
end
expect(page).to have_content(new_title)
end
end
before do
switch_to_host(organization.host)
login_as user, scope: :user
end
describe "when user is initiative author" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, author: user, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it_behaves_like "manage update"
it "does not show the header's edit link" do
visit initiative_path
within ".main-bar" do
expect(page).to have_no_link("Edit")
end
end
it "does not have status field" do
expect(page).to have_no_xpath("//select[@id='initiative_state']")
end
it "allows adding attachments" do
visit initiative_path
click_on("Edit")
expect(page).to have_content "Edit Initiative"
expect(initiative.reload.attachments.count).to eq(0)
dynamically_attach_file(:initiative_documents, Decidim::Dev.asset("Exampledocument.pdf"))
dynamically_attach_file(:initiative_photos, Decidim::Dev.asset("avatar.jpg"))
within "form.edit_initiative" do
click_on "Update"
end
expect(initiative.reload.documents.count).to eq(1)
expect(initiative.photos.count).to eq(1)
expect(initiative.attachments.count).to eq(2)
end
context "when initiative is published" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, author: user, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it "cannot be updated" do
visit decidim_initiatives.initiative_path(initiative)
expect(page).to have_no_content "Edit initiative"
visit edit_initiative_path
expect(page).to have_content("not authorized")
end
end
end
describe "when author is a committee member" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, scoped_type:, organization:) }
before do
create(:initiatives_committee_member, user:, initiative:)
end
it_behaves_like "manage update"
end
describe "when user is admin" do
let(:user) { create(:user, :confirmed, :admin, organization:) }
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it_behaves_like "manage update"
end
describe "when author is not a committee member" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, scoped_type:, organization:) }
it "renders an error" do
visit decidim_initiatives.initiative_path(initiative)
expect(page).to have_no_content("Edit initiative")
visit edit_initiative_path
expect(page).to have_content("not authorized")
end
end
context "when rich text editor is enabled for participants" do
let(:initiative) { create(:initiative, :created, author: user, scoped_type:, organization:) }
let(:organization) { create(:organization, rich_text_editor_in_public_views: true) }
before do
visit initiative_path
click_on("Edit")
expect(page).to have_content "Edit Initiative"
end
it_behaves_like "having a rich text editor", "edit_initiative", "content"
end
end
``` |
Vatta is a village in , Hungary. It lies in the south of the county, from Miskolc and from Mezőkövesd.
Etymology
According to local tradition, the name of Vatta from the name of an 11th-century pagan tribal chief called "Vata".
History
The first known record of the village is in a charter of 1323. In the following centuries it was known as Vatha, Woytha, Watha, and Bata. From 1475 the settlement was recorded as ("Lower Vatta") and ("Upper Vatta"), which indicates that there were two distinct and separate settlements. These combined later.
During the Ottoman rule of the 16th century, the village was razed and the inhabitants had to flee several times.
In 1895 Vatta became a town, and from 1950 an independent village. After Communist rule, in 1990 the village got its own parish council.
Landmarks
Odescalch Castle, built in the 18th century.
Roman Catholic church, built in the 18th century in the Baroque style, dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin.
Reform Church.
Monument of Heros, by János Pásztor, erected in 1926.
Notable people
Bertalan Szemere, the second prime minister of Hungary, was born in Vatta on 27 August 1812.
References
External links
Street map
Populated places in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County |
```javascript
'use strict';
const passport = require('../../lib/passport');
const sendConfigurations = require('../../models/send-configurations');
const router = require('../../lib/router-async').create();
const {castToInteger} = require('../../lib/helpers');
router.getAsync('/send-configurations-private/:sendConfigurationId', passport.loggedIn, async (req, res) => {
const sendConfiguration = await sendConfigurations.getById(req.context, castToInteger(req.params.sendConfigurationId), true, true);
sendConfiguration.hash = sendConfigurations.hash(sendConfiguration);
return res.json(sendConfiguration);
});
router.getAsync('/send-configurations-public/:sendConfigurationId', passport.loggedIn, async (req, res) => {
const sendConfiguration = await sendConfigurations.getById(req.context, castToInteger(req.params.sendConfigurationId), true, false);
sendConfiguration.hash = sendConfigurations.hash(sendConfiguration);
return res.json(sendConfiguration);
});
router.postAsync('/send-configurations', passport.loggedIn, passport.csrfProtection, async (req, res) => {
return res.json(await sendConfigurations.create(req.context, req.body));
});
router.putAsync('/send-configurations/:sendConfigurationId', passport.loggedIn, passport.csrfProtection, async (req, res) => {
const sendConfiguration = req.body;
sendConfiguration.id = castToInteger(req.params.sendConfigurationId);
await sendConfigurations.updateWithConsistencyCheck(req.context, sendConfiguration);
return res.json();
});
router.deleteAsync('/send-configurations/:sendConfigurationId', passport.loggedIn, passport.csrfProtection, async (req, res) => {
await sendConfigurations.remove(req.context, castToInteger(req.params.sendConfigurationId));
return res.json();
});
router.postAsync('/send-configurations-table', passport.loggedIn, async (req, res) => {
return res.json(await sendConfigurations.listDTAjax(req.context, req.body));
});
router.postAsync('/send-configurations-by-namespace-table/:namespaceId', passport.loggedIn, async (req, res) => {
return res.json(await sendConfigurations.listByNamespaceDTAjax(req.context, castToInteger(req.params.namespaceId), req.body));
});
router.postAsync('/send-configurations-with-send-permission-table', passport.loggedIn, async (req, res) => {
return res.json(await sendConfigurations.listWithSendPermissionDTAjax(req.context, req.body));
});
module.exports = router;
``` |
Penelope Whetton (5 January 1958 – 11 September 2019) was a climatologist and an expert in regional climate change projections due to global warming and in the impacts of those changes. Her primary scientific focus was Australia.
Early life
Whetton was born in Melbourne, Victoria, on 5 January 1958. She held a Bachelor of Science (Honours), majoring in physics, and an honours year in meteorology, from the University of Melbourne. She received a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the same university in 1986.
Career
Whetton started her career in the late 1980s as a researcher in the Department of Geography at Monash University in Clayton, Victoria.
In 1989, she joined the Atmospheric Research division of CSIRO (later becoming CMAR CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research). Whetton became a research leader in 1999 and a research program leader in 2009. Whetton was a Lead Author on the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Assessment Reports of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Fourth Assessment Report of which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007.
Whetton was an invited speaker at various climate change conferences such as the Aspen Global Change Institute, Four Degrees Or More? Australia in a Hot World at the University of Melbourne in 2011, and the Greenhouse 2011: The Science of Climate Change conference.
Whetton published numerous scientific journal articles on climate change as well as a contribution to more popular publications.
Personal life
Whetton lived in Footscray, Victoria, with her wife Janet Rice, a Greens Senator and former Mayor of Maribyrnong, and their two sons. In 2003, Whetton underwent gender-affirming surgery.
Whetton died on 11 September 2019 in Sisters Beach, Tasmania.
References
External links
Australian climatologists
Women climatologists
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lead authors
Transgender women
1958 births
2019 deaths
University of Melbourne alumni
Transgender scientists
Australian LGBT scientists
Australian transgender people
Transgender academics
Scientists from Melbourne
Academic staff of Monash University |
Santa Maria del Molise is a town and comune in the Province of Isernia, in the Molise region (southern Italy).
References
Cities and towns in Molise |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package com.google.copybara;
import static com.google.copybara.Workflow.COPYBARA_CONFIG_PATH_IDENTITY_VAR;
import static com.google.copybara.config.GlobalMigrations.getGlobalMigrations;
import static com.google.copybara.config.SkylarkUtil.check;
import static com.google.copybara.config.SkylarkUtil.convertFromNoneable;
import static com.google.copybara.config.SkylarkUtil.convertOptionalString;
import static com.google.copybara.config.SkylarkUtil.convertStringList;
import static com.google.copybara.config.SkylarkUtil.convertStringMap;
import static com.google.copybara.config.SkylarkUtil.stringToEnum;
import static com.google.copybara.exception.ValidationException.checkCondition;
import static com.google.copybara.transform.Transformations.toTransformation;
import static com.google.copybara.util.Glob.wrapGlob;
import static com.google.copybara.version.LatestVersionSelector.VersionElementType.ALPHABETIC;
import static com.google.copybara.version.LatestVersionSelector.VersionElementType.NUMERIC;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableCollection;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.Builder;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.copybara.StructModule.StructImpl;
import com.google.copybara.action.Action;
import com.google.copybara.action.StarlarkAction;
import com.google.copybara.authoring.Author;
import com.google.copybara.authoring.Authoring;
import com.google.copybara.config.ConfigFile;
import com.google.copybara.config.LabelsAwareModule;
import com.google.copybara.config.Migration;
import com.google.copybara.doc.annotations.DocDefault;
import com.google.copybara.doc.annotations.Example;
import com.google.copybara.doc.annotations.UsesFlags;
import com.google.copybara.exception.EmptyChangeException;
import com.google.copybara.exception.NonReversibleValidationException;
import com.google.copybara.exception.ValidationException;
import com.google.copybara.folder.FolderModule;
import com.google.copybara.revision.Revision;
import com.google.copybara.templatetoken.Parser;
import com.google.copybara.templatetoken.Token;
import com.google.copybara.templatetoken.Token.TokenType;
import com.google.copybara.transform.CopyOrMove;
import com.google.copybara.transform.ExplicitReversal;
import com.google.copybara.transform.FilterReplace;
import com.google.copybara.transform.Remove;
import com.google.copybara.transform.Rename;
import com.google.copybara.transform.Replace;
import com.google.copybara.transform.ReplaceMapper;
import com.google.copybara.transform.ReversibleFunction;
import com.google.copybara.transform.Sequence;
import com.google.copybara.transform.SkylarkConsole;
import com.google.copybara.transform.SkylarkTransformation;
import com.google.copybara.transform.TodoReplace;
import com.google.copybara.transform.TodoReplace.Mode;
import com.google.copybara.transform.VerifyMatch;
import com.google.copybara.transform.debug.DebugOptions;
import com.google.copybara.util.Glob;
import com.google.copybara.version.LatestVersionSelector;
import com.google.copybara.version.LatestVersionSelector.VersionElementType;
import com.google.copybara.version.OrderedVersionSelector;
import com.google.copybara.version.RequestedVersionSelector;
import com.google.copybara.version.VersionSelector;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.util.IllegalFormatException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import net.starlark.java.annot.Param;
import net.starlark.java.annot.ParamType;
import net.starlark.java.annot.StarlarkBuiltin;
import net.starlark.java.annot.StarlarkMethod;
import net.starlark.java.eval.Dict;
import net.starlark.java.eval.EvalException;
import net.starlark.java.eval.Module;
import net.starlark.java.eval.NoneType;
import net.starlark.java.eval.Starlark;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkCallable;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkInt;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkList;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkThread;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkThread.CallStackEntry;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkThread.PrintHandler;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkValue;
import net.starlark.java.eval.Structure;
import net.starlark.java.syntax.Location;
/**
* Main configuration class for creating migrations.
*
* <p>This class is exposed in Skylark configuration as an instance variable called "core". So users
* can use it as:
*
* <pre>
* core.workspace(
* name = "foo",
* ...
* )
* </pre>
*/
@StarlarkBuiltin(
name = "core",
doc = "Core functionality for creating migrations, and basic transformations.")
@UsesFlags({GeneralOptions.class, DebugOptions.class})
public class Core implements LabelsAwareModule, StarlarkValue {
// Restrict for label ids like 'BAZEL_REV_ID'. More strict than our current revId.
private static final Pattern CUSTOM_REVID_FORMAT = Pattern.compile("[A-Z][A-Z_0-9]{1,30}_REV_ID");
private static final String CHECK_LAST_REV_STATE = "check_last_rev_state";
private final GeneralOptions generalOptions;
private final WorkflowOptions workflowOptions;
private final DebugOptions debugOptions;
private FolderModule folderModule;
private ConfigFile mainConfigFile;
private Supplier<ImmutableMap<String, ConfigFile>> allConfigFiles;
private StarlarkThread.PrintHandler printHandler;
@Nullable private SkylarkConsole console;
public Core(
GeneralOptions generalOptions, WorkflowOptions workflowOptions, DebugOptions debugOptions,
FolderModule folderModule) {
this.generalOptions = Preconditions.checkNotNull(generalOptions);
this.workflowOptions = Preconditions.checkNotNull(workflowOptions);
this.debugOptions = Preconditions.checkNotNull(debugOptions);
this.folderModule = Preconditions.checkNotNull(folderModule);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "reverse",
doc =
"Given a list of transformations, returns the list of transformations equivalent to"
+ " undoing all the transformations",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "transformations",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(
type = net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence.class,
generic1 = Transformation.class), // (or callable)
},
doc = "The transformations to reverse"),
})
public net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<Transformation> reverse(
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> transforms // <Transformation> or <StarlarkCallable>
) throws EvalException {
ImmutableList.Builder<Transformation> builder = ImmutableList.builder();
for (Object t : transforms) {
try {
builder.add(toTransformation(t, "transformations", printHandler).reverse());
} catch (NonReversibleValidationException e) {
throw Starlark.errorf("%s at %s", e.getMessage(), getLocation(t));
}
}
return StarlarkList.immutableCopyOf(builder.build().reverse());
}
private Location getLocation(Object transformationOrCallable) {
if (transformationOrCallable instanceof StarlarkCallable) {
return ((StarlarkCallable) transformationOrCallable).getLocation();
}
if (transformationOrCallable instanceof Transformation) {
return ((Transformation) transformationOrCallable).location();
}
return Location.BUILTIN;
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unused", "unchecked"})
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "workflow",
doc =
"Defines a migration pipeline which can be invoked via the Copybara command.\n"
+ "\n"
+ "Implicit labels that can be used/exposed:\n"
+ "\n"
+ " - "
+ TransformWork.COPYBARA_CONTEXT_REFERENCE_LABEL
+ ": Requested reference. For example if copybara is invoked as `copybara"
+ " copy.bara.sky workflow master`, the value would be `master`.\n"
+ " - "
+ TransformWork.COPYBARA_LAST_REV
+ ": Last reference that was migrated\n"
+ " - "
+ TransformWork.COPYBARA_CURRENT_REV
+ ": The current reference being migrated\n"
+ " - "
+ TransformWork.COPYBARA_CURRENT_REV_DATE_TIME
+ ": Date & time for the current reference being migrated in ISO format"
+ " (Example: \"2011-12-03T10:15:30+01:00\")\n"
+ " - "
+ TransformWork.COPYBARA_CURRENT_MESSAGE
+ ": The current message at this point of the transformations\n"
+ " - "
+ TransformWork.COPYBARA_CURRENT_MESSAGE_TITLE
+ ": The current message title (first line) at this point of the transformations\n"
+ " - "
+ TransformWork.COPYBARA_AUTHOR
+ ": The author of the change\n",
parameters = {
@Param(name = "name", named = true, doc = "The name of the workflow.", positional = false),
@Param(
name = "origin",
named = true,
doc =
"Where to read from the code to be migrated, before applying the "
+ "transformations. This is usually a VCS like Git, but can also be a local "
+ "folder or even a pending change in a code review system like Gerrit.",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "destination",
named = true,
doc =
"Where to write to the code being migrated, after applying the "
+ "transformations. This is usually a VCS like Git, but can also be a local "
+ "folder or even a pending change in a code review system like Gerrit.",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "authoring",
named = true,
doc = "The author mapping configuration from origin to destination.",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "transformations",
named = true,
doc = "The transformations to be run for this workflow. They will run in sequence.",
positional = false,
defaultValue = "[]"),
@Param(
name = "origin_files",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob or list of filesrelative to the workdir that will be read from the"
+ " origin during the import. For example glob([\"**.java\"]), all java files,"
+ " recursively, which excludes all other file types, or ['foo.java'] for a"
+ " specific file.",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "destination_files",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob relative to the root of the destination repository that matches files that"
+ " are part of the migration. Files NOT matching this glob will never be"
+ " removed, even if the file does not exist in the source. For example"
+ " glob(['**'], exclude = ['**/BUILD']) keeps all BUILD files in destination"
+ " when the origin does not have any BUILD files. You can also use this to"
+ " limit the migration to a subdirectory of the destination, e.g."
+ " glob(['java/src/**'], exclude = ['**/BUILD']) to only affect non-BUILD"
+ " files in java/src.",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "mode",
named = true,
doc =
"Workflow mode. Currently we support four modes:<br><ul><li><b>'SQUASH'</b>:"
+ " Create a single commit in the destination with new tree"
+ " state.</li><li><b>'ITERATIVE'</b>: Import each origin change"
+ " individually.</li><li><b>'CHANGE_REQUEST'</b>: Import a pending change to"
+ " the Source-of-Truth. This could be a GH Pull Request, a Gerrit Change,"
+ " etc. The final intention should be to submit the change in the SoT"
+ " (destination in this case).</li><li><b>'CHANGE_REQUEST_FROM_SOT'</b>:"
+ " Import a pending change **from** the Source-of-Truth. This mode is useful"
+ " when, despite the pending change being already in the SoT, the users want"
+ " to review the code on a different system. The final intention should never"
+ " be to submit in the destination, but just review or test</li></ul>",
defaultValue = "\"SQUASH\"",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "reversible_check",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Boolean.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"Indicates if the tool should try to to reverse all the transformations"
+ " at the end to check that they are reversible.<br/>The default value is"
+ " True for 'CHANGE_REQUEST' mode. False otherwise",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = CHECK_LAST_REV_STATE,
named = true,
doc =
"If set to true, Copybara will validate that the destination didn't change"
+ " since last-rev import for destination_files. Note that this"
+ " flag doesn't work for CHANGE_REQUEST mode.",
defaultValue = "False",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "ask_for_confirmation",
named = true,
doc =
"Indicates that the tool should show the diff and require user's"
+ " confirmation before making a change in the destination.",
defaultValue = "False",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "dry_run",
named = true,
doc =
"Run the migration in dry-run mode. Some destination implementations might"
+ " have some side effects (like creating a code review), but never submit to a"
+ " main branch.",
defaultValue = "False",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "after_migration",
named = true,
doc =
"Run a feedback workflow after one migration happens. This runs once per"
+ " change in `ITERATIVE` mode and only once for `SQUASH`.",
defaultValue = "[]",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "after_workflow",
named = true,
doc =
"Run a feedback workflow after all the changes for this workflow run are migrated."
+ " Prefer `after_migration` as it is executed per change (in ITERATIVE mode)."
+ " Tasks in this hook shouldn't be critical to execute. These actions"
+ " shouldn't record effects (They'll be ignored).",
defaultValue = "[]",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "change_identity",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"By default, Copybara hashes several fields so that each change has an unique"
+ " identifier that at the same time reuses the generated destination change."
+ " This allows to customize the identity hash generation so that the same"
+ " identity is used in several workflows. At least ${copybara_config_path}"
+ " has to be present. Current user is added to the hash"
+ " automatically.<br><br>Available variables:<ul> "
+ " <li>${copybara_config_path}: Main config file path</li> "
+ " <li>${copybara_workflow_name}: The name of the workflow being run</li> "
+ " <li>${copybara_reference}: The requested reference. In general Copybara"
+ " tries its best to give a repetable reference. For example Gerrit change"
+ " number or change-id or GitHub Pull Request number. If it cannot find a"
+ " context reference it uses the resolved revision.</li> "
+ " <li>${label:label_name}: A label present for the current change. Exposed"
+ " in the message or not.</li></ul>If any of the labels cannot be found it"
+ " defaults to the default identity (The effect would be no reuse of"
+ " destination change between workflows)",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "set_rev_id",
named = true,
doc =
"Copybara adds labels like 'GitOrigin-RevId' in the destination in order to"
+ " track what was the latest change imported. For `CHANGE_REQUEST` "
+ "workflows it is not used and is purely informational. This field "
+ "allows to disable it for that mode. Destinations might ignore the flag.",
defaultValue = "True",
positional = false),
// TODO: deprecate this in favor of merge_import param, which will take enum and bool
@Param(
name = "smart_prune",
named = true,
doc =
"By default CHANGE_REQUEST workflows cannot restore scrubbed files. This flag does"
+ " a best-effort approach in restoring the non-affected snippets. For now we"
+ " only revert the non-affected files. This only works for CHANGE_REQUEST"
+ " mode.",
defaultValue = "False",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "merge_import",
named = true,
doc =
"A migration mode that shells out to a diffing tool (default is diff3) to merge all"
+ " files. The inputs to the diffing tool are (1) origin file (2) baseline file"
+ " (3) destination file. This can be used to perpetuate destination-only"
+ " changes in non source of truth repositories.",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Boolean.class),
@ParamType(type = MergeImportConfiguration.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "autopatch_config",
doc = "Configuration that describes the setting for automatic patch file generation",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = AutoPatchfileConfiguration.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
positional = false,
named = true,
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "after_merge_transformations",
named = true,
doc =
"Perform these transformations after merge_import, but before Copybara writes to"
+ " the destination. Ex: any BUILD file generations that rely on the results of"
+ " merge_import",
positional = false,
defaultValue = "[]"),
@Param(
name = "migrate_noop_changes",
named = true,
doc =
"By default, Copybara tries to only migrate changes that affect origin_files or"
+ " config files. This flag allows to include all the changes. Note that it"
+ " might generate more empty changes errors. In `ITERATIVE` mode it might"
+ " fail if some transformation is validating the message (Like has to contain"
+ " 'PUBLIC' and the change doesn't contain it because it is internal).",
defaultValue = "False",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "experimental_custom_rev_id",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"DEPRECATED(Remove by 2024/01/01: Use . Use this label name instead of the one"
+ " provided by the origin.",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "custom_rev_id",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"If the destination uses labels to mark the last change migrated, use this label"
+ " name instead of the one provided by the origin. This allows to to have"
+ " two migrations to the same destination without the other migration changes"
+ " interfering this migration. I can also serve to clearly state where the"
+ " change is coming from.",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "description",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
named = true,
positional = false,
doc = "A description of what this workflow achieves",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "checkout",
named = true,
positional = false,
doc =
"Allows disabling the checkout. The usage of this feature is rare. This could"
+ " be used to update a file of your own repo when a dependant repo version"
+ " changes and you are not interested on the files of the dependant repo, just"
+ " the new version.",
defaultValue = "True"),
@Param(
name = "reversible_check_ignore_files",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc = "Ignore the files matching the glob in the reversible check",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "consistency_file_path",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc = "Under development. Must end with .bara.consistency",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@UsesFlags({WorkflowOptions.class})
@DocDefault(field = "origin_files", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@DocDefault(field = "destination_files", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@DocDefault(field = "reversible_check", value = "True for 'CHANGE_REQUEST' mode. False otherwise")
@DocDefault(field = "reversible_check_ignore_files", value = "None")
public void workflow(
String workflowName,
Origin<?> origin, // <Revision>, but skylark allows only ?
Destination<?> destination,
Authoring authoring,
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> transformations,
Object originFiles,
Object destinationFiles,
String modeStr,
Object reversibleCheckObj,
boolean checkLastRevState,
Boolean askForConfirmation,
Boolean dryRunMode,
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> afterMigrations,
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> afterAllMigrations,
Object changeIdentityObj,
Boolean setRevId,
Boolean smartPrune,
Object mergeImportObj,
Object autoPatchFileConfigurationObj,
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> afterMergeTransformations,
Boolean migrateNoopChanges,
Object experimentalCustomRevIdField,
Object customRevIdField,
Object description,
Boolean checkout,
Object reversibleCheckIgnoreFiles,
Object consistencyFilePathObj,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
WorkflowMode mode = stringToEnum("mode", modeStr, WorkflowMode.class);
// Overwrite destination for testing workflow locally
if (workflowOptions.toFolder) {
destination = folderModule.destination();
}
Sequence sequenceTransform =
Sequence.fromConfig(
generalOptions.profiler(),
workflowOptions,
transformations,
"transformations",
printHandler,
debugOptions::transformWrapper,
Sequence.NoopBehavior.NOOP_IF_ANY_NOOP);
Transformation reverseTransform = null;
if (!generalOptions.isDisableReversibleCheck()
&& convertFromNoneable(reversibleCheckObj, mode == WorkflowMode.CHANGE_REQUEST)) {
try {
reverseTransform = sequenceTransform.reverse();
} catch (NonReversibleValidationException e) {
throw Starlark.errorf("%s", e.getMessage());
}
}
ImmutableList<Token> changeIdentity = getChangeIdentity(changeIdentityObj);
if (!Starlark.isNullOrNone(experimentalCustomRevIdField)) {
generalOptions.console()
.warn("experimental_custom_rev_id is deprecated. Use custom_rev_id instead.");
}
String customRevId = convertFromNoneable(customRevIdField,
convertFromNoneable(experimentalCustomRevIdField, null));
check(
customRevId == null || CUSTOM_REVID_FORMAT.matches(customRevId),
"Invalid custom_rev_id format. Format: %s",
CUSTOM_REVID_FORMAT.pattern());
if (setRevId) {
check(
mode != WorkflowMode.CHANGE_REQUEST || customRevId == null,
"custom_rev_id is not allowed to be used in CHANGE_REQUEST mode if"
+ " set_rev_id is set to true. custom_rev_id is used for looking"
+ " for the baseline in the origin. No revId is stored in the destination.");
} else {
check(
mode == WorkflowMode.CHANGE_REQUEST || mode == WorkflowMode.CHANGE_REQUEST_FROM_SOT,
"'set_rev_id = False' is only supported"
+ " for CHANGE_REQUEST and CHANGE_REQUEST_FROM_SOT mode.");
}
if (smartPrune) {
check(
mode == WorkflowMode.CHANGE_REQUEST,
"'smart_prune = True' is only supported" + " for CHANGE_REQUEST mode.");
}
if (checkLastRevState) {
check(
mode != WorkflowMode.CHANGE_REQUEST,
"%s is not compatible with %s",
CHECK_LAST_REV_STATE,
WorkflowMode.CHANGE_REQUEST);
}
Authoring resolvedAuthoring = authoring;
Author defaultAuthorFlag = workflowOptions.getDefaultAuthorFlag();
if (defaultAuthorFlag != null) {
resolvedAuthoring = new Authoring(defaultAuthorFlag, authoring.getMode(),
authoring.getAllowlist());
}
MergeImportConfiguration mergeImport;
if (mergeImportObj instanceof Boolean) {
Boolean objectValue = (Boolean) mergeImportObj;
mergeImport =
objectValue
? MergeImportConfiguration.create(
"", Glob.ALL_FILES, false, MergeImportConfiguration.MergeStrategy.DIFF3)
: null;
} else {
mergeImport = convertFromNoneable(mergeImportObj, null);
}
@Nullable
AutoPatchfileConfiguration autoPatchfileConfiguration =
convertFromNoneable(autoPatchFileConfigurationObj, null);
@Nullable String consistencyFilePath = convertFromNoneable(consistencyFilePathObj, null);
check(
mergeImport == null || !mergeImport.useConsistencyFile() || (consistencyFilePath != null),
"error: use_consistency_file set but consistency_file_path is null");
WorkflowMode effectiveMode =
generalOptions.squash || workflowOptions.importSameVersion ? WorkflowMode.SQUASH : mode;
Workflow<Revision, ?> workflow =
new Workflow<>(
workflowName,
convertFromNoneable(description, null),
(Origin<Revision>) origin,
destination,
resolvedAuthoring,
sequenceTransform,
workflowOptions.getLastRevision(),
workflowOptions.isInitHistory(),
generalOptions,
wrapGlob(originFiles, Glob.ALL_FILES),
wrapGlob(destinationFiles, Glob.ALL_FILES),
effectiveMode,
workflowOptions,
reverseTransform,
wrapGlob(reversibleCheckIgnoreFiles, null),
askForConfirmation,
mainConfigFile,
allConfigFiles,
dryRunMode,
checkLastRevState || workflowOptions.checkLastRevState,
convertListOfActions(afterMigrations, printHandler),
convertListOfActions(afterAllMigrations, printHandler),
changeIdentity,
setRevId,
smartPrune,
mergeImport,
autoPatchfileConfiguration,
asSingleTransform(afterMergeTransformations),
workflowOptions.migrateNoopChanges || migrateNoopChanges,
customRevId,
checkout,
consistencyFilePath);
Module module = Module.ofInnermostEnclosingStarlarkFunction(thread);
registerGlobalMigration(workflowName, workflow, module);
}
private Sequence asSingleTransform(net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> transformations)
throws EvalException {
return Sequence.fromConfig(
generalOptions.profiler(),
workflowOptions,
transformations,
"transformations",
printHandler,
debugOptions::transformWrapper,
Sequence.NoopBehavior.NOOP_IF_ANY_NOOP);
}
private static ImmutableList<Token> getChangeIdentity(Object changeIdentityObj)
throws EvalException {
String changeIdentity = convertFromNoneable(changeIdentityObj, null);
if (changeIdentity == null) {
return ImmutableList.of();
}
ImmutableList<Token> result = new Parser().parse(changeIdentity);
boolean configVarFound = false;
for (Token token : result) {
if (token.getType() != TokenType.INTERPOLATION) {
continue;
}
if (token.getValue().equals(COPYBARA_CONFIG_PATH_IDENTITY_VAR)) {
configVarFound = true;
continue;
}
if (token.getValue().equals(Workflow.COPYBARA_WORKFLOW_NAME_IDENTITY_VAR)
|| token.getValue().equals(Workflow.COPYBARA_REFERENCE_IDENTITY_VAR)
|| token.getValue().startsWith(Workflow.COPYBARA_REFERENCE_LABEL_VAR)) {
continue;
}
throw Starlark.errorf("Unrecognized variable: %s", token.getValue());
}
check(configVarFound, "${%s} variable is required", COPYBARA_CONFIG_PATH_IDENTITY_VAR);
return result;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "move",
doc = "Moves files between directories and renames files",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "before",
named = true,
doc =
"The name of the file or directory before moving. If this is the empty string and"
+ " 'after' is a directory, then all files in the workdir will be moved to the"
+ " sub directory specified by 'after', maintaining the directory tree."),
@Param(
name = "after",
named = true,
doc =
"The name of the file or directory after moving. If this is the empty string and"
+ " 'before' is a directory, then all files in 'before' will be moved to the"
+ " repo root, maintaining the directory tree inside 'before'."),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob expression relative to 'before' if it represents a directory."
+ " Only files matching the expression will be moved. For example,"
+ " glob([\"**.java\"]), matches all java files recursively inside"
+ " 'before' folder. Defaults to match all the files recursively.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "overwrite",
named = true,
doc =
"Overwrite destination files if they already exist. Note that this makes the"
+ " transformation non-reversible, since there is no way to know if the file"
+ " was overwritten or not in the reverse workflow.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "regex_groups",
named = true,
positional = false,
doc =
"A set of named regexes that can be used to match part of the file name."
+ " Copybara uses [re2](path_to_url syntax."
+ " For example {\"x\": \"[A-Za-z]+\"}",
defaultValue = "{}")
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@DocDefault(field = "paths", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@Example(
title = "Move a directory",
before = "Move all the files in a directory to another directory:",
code = "core.move(\"foo/bar_internal\", \"bar\")",
after = "In this example, `foo/bar_internal/one` will be moved to `bar/one`.")
@Example(
title = "Move all the files to a subfolder",
before = "Move all the files in the checkout dir into a directory called foo:",
code = "core.move(\"\", \"foo\")",
after = "In this example, `one` and `two/bar` will be moved to `foo/one` and `foo/two/bar`.")
@Example(
title = "Move a subfolder's content to the root",
before = "Move the contents of a folder to the checkout root directory:",
code = "core.move(\"foo\", \"\")",
after = "In this example, `foo/bar` would be moved to `bar`.")
@Example(
title = "Move using Regex",
before = "Change a file extension:",
code =
"core.move(before = 'foo/${x}.txt', after = 'foo/${x}.md', regex_groups = {"
+ " 'x': '.*'})",
after = "In this example, `foo/bar/README.txt` will be moved to `foo/bar/README.md`.")
public Transformation move(
String before,
String after,
Object paths,
Boolean overwrite,
Dict<?, ?> regexes,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
check(
!Objects.equals(before, after),
"Moving from the same folder to the same folder is a noop. Remove the"
+ " transformation.");
return CopyOrMove.createMove(
before,
after,
convertStringMap(regexes, "regex_groups"),
wrapGlob(paths, Glob.ALL_FILES),
overwrite,
thread.getCallerLocation());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "rename",
doc =
"A transformation for renaming several filenames in the working directory. This is a"
+ " simplified version of core.move() for just renaming filenames without needing to"
+ " use regex_groups. Note that it doesn't rename directories, only regular files.",
parameters = {
@Param(name = "before", named = true, doc = "The filepath or suffix to change"),
@Param(name = "after", named = true, doc = "A filepath or suffix to use as replacement"),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob expression relative to 'before' if it represents a directory."
+ " Only files matching the expression will be renamed. For example,"
+ " glob([\"**.java\"]), matches all java files recursively inside"
+ " 'before' folder. Defaults to match all the files recursively. Note that"
+ " if reversible transformation is needed, the glob should match the filenames"
+ " too in that case (or alternatively use an explicit reversal by using"
+ " `core.transformation()`.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "overwrite",
named = true,
doc =
"Overwrite destination files if they already exist. Note that this makes the"
+ " transformation non-reversible, since there is no way to know if the file"
+ " was overwritten or not in the reverse workflow.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "suffix",
named = true,
doc =
"By default before/after match whole path segments. e.g. before = \"FOO\""
+ " wouldn't match `example/barFOO`. Sometimes only part of the path name needs"
+ " to be replaced, e.g. renaming extensions. When `suffix` is set to true, it"
+ " will match partial parts of the path string.",
defaultValue = "False"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@DocDefault(field = "paths", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@Example(
title = "Rename files",
before = "Rename all FOO files:",
code = "core.rename(\"FOO\", \"FOO.txt\")",
after = "In this example, any `FOO` in any directory will be renamed to `FOO.txt`.")
@Example(
title = "Rename extension",
before = "Rename *.md files to *.txt files:",
code = "core.rename(\".md\", \".txt\", suffix = True)",
after = "In this example, `foo/bar.md` will be renamed to `foo/bar.txt`.")
@Example(
title = "Rename files only in certain paths",
before = "Renaming files in certain paths:",
code = "core.rename(\"/FOO\", \"/FOO.txt\", paths = glob(['dir1/**', 'dir2/**']))",
after =
"In this example, `dir1/FOO` will be renamed to `dir1/FOO.txt`. Note that"
+ " FOO files outside `dir1` and `dir2` won't be renamed")
public Transformation rename(
String before,
String after,
Object paths,
Boolean overwrite,
Boolean suffix,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
check(
!Objects.equals(before, after),
"Renaming from the same filename to the same filename is a noop. Remove the"
+ " transformation.");
return new Rename(
before,
after,
wrapGlob(paths, Glob.ALL_FILES),
overwrite,
suffix,
thread.getCallerLocation());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "copy",
doc = "Copy files between directories and renames files",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "before",
named = true,
doc =
"The name of the file or directory to copy. If this is the empty string and"
+ " 'after' is a directory, then all files in the workdir will be copied to"
+ " the sub directory specified by 'after', maintaining the directory tree."),
@Param(
name = "after",
named = true,
doc =
"The name of the file or directory destination. If this is the empty string and"
+ " 'before' is a directory, then all files in 'before' will be copied to the"
+ " repo root, maintaining the directory tree inside 'before'."),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob expression relative to 'before' if it represents a directory."
+ " Only files matching the expression will be copied. For example,"
+ " glob([\"**.java\"]), matches all java files recursively inside"
+ " 'before' folder. Defaults to match all the files recursively.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "overwrite",
named = true,
doc =
"Overwrite destination files if they already exist. Note that this makes the"
+ " transformation non-reversible, since there is no way to know if the file"
+ " was overwritten or not in the reverse workflow.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "regex_groups",
named = true,
positional = false,
doc =
"A set of named regexes that can be used to match part of the file name."
+ " Copybara uses [re2](path_to_url syntax."
+ " For example {\"x\": \"[A-Za-z]+\"}",
defaultValue = "{}")
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@DocDefault(field = "paths", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@Example(
title = "Copy a directory",
before = "Move all the files in a directory to another directory:",
code = "core.copy(\"foo/bar_internal\", \"bar\")",
after = "In this example, `foo/bar_internal/one` will be copied to `bar/one`.")
@Example(
title = "Copy using Regex",
before = "Change a file extension:",
code =
"core.copy(before = 'foo/${x}.txt', after = 'foo/${x}.md', regex_groups = {"
+ " 'x': '.*'})",
after = "In this example, `foo/bar/README.txt` will be copied to `foo/bar/README.md`.")
@Example(
title = "Copy with reversal",
before = "Copy all static files to a 'static' folder and use remove for reverting the change",
code =
"core.transform(\n"
+ " [core.copy(\"foo\", \"foo/static\", paths = glob([\"**.css\",\"**.html\","
+ " ]))],\n"
+ " reversal = [core.remove(glob(['foo/static/**.css',"
+ " 'foo/static/**.html']))]\n"
+ ")")
public Transformation copy(
String before,
String after,
Object paths,
Boolean overwrite,
Dict<?, ?> regexes,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
check(
!Objects.equals(before, after),
"Copying from the same folder to the same folder is a noop. Remove the"
+ " transformation.");
return CopyOrMove.createCopy(
before,
after,
convertStringMap(regexes, "regex_groups"),
wrapGlob(paths, Glob.ALL_FILES),
overwrite,
thread.getCallerLocation());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "remove",
doc =
"Remove files from the workdir. **This transformation is only meant to be used inside"
+ " core.transform for reversing core.copy like transforms**. For regular file"
+ " filtering use origin_files exclude mechanism.",
parameters = {
@Param(name = "paths", named = true, doc = "The files to be deleted"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@Example(
title = "Reverse a file copy",
before = "Move all the files in a directory to another directory:",
code =
"core.transform(\n"
+ " [core.copy(\"foo\", \"foo/public\")],\n"
+ " reversal = [core.remove(glob([\"foo/public/**\"]))])",
after = "In this example, `foo/one` will be moved to `foo/public/one`.")
@Example(
title = "Copy with reversal",
before = "Copy all static files to a 'static' folder and use remove for reverting the change",
code =
"core.transform(\n"
+ " [core.copy(\"foo\", \"foo/static\", paths = glob([\"**.css\",\"**.html\","
+ " ]))],\n"
+ " reversal = [core.remove(glob(['foo/static/**.css',"
+ " 'foo/static/**.html']))]\n"
+ ")")
public Remove remove(Glob paths, StarlarkThread thread) {
return new Remove(paths, thread.getCallerLocation());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "convert_encoding",
doc = "Change the encoding for a set of files",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "before",
named = true,
doc =
"The expected encoding of the files before transformation. Charset should be"
+ " in the format expected by "
+ "path_to_url"),
@Param(
name = "after",
named = true,
doc = "The encoding to convert to. Same format as 'before'"),
@Param(name = "paths", named = true, doc = "The files to be deleted"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@Example(
title = "ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8",
before = "Convert some files from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8",
code =
"core.convert_encoding(\n"
+ " before = 'ISO-8859-1',\n"
+ " after = 'UTF-8',\n"
+ " paths = glob([\"foo/*.txt\"]),\n"
+ ")",
after = "In this example, `foo/one.txt` encoding will be changed from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8.")
public Transformation convertEncoding(String before, String after, Glob paths,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
Charset cBefore;
try {
cBefore = Charset.forName(before);
} catch (UnsupportedCharsetException | IllegalCharsetNameException e) {
throw new EvalException("Incorrect charset " + before + " for 'before': " + e.getMessage());
}
Charset cAfter = null;
try {
cAfter = Charset.forName(after);
} catch (UnsupportedCharsetException | IllegalCharsetNameException e) {
throw new EvalException("Incorrect charset " + after + " for 'after': " + e.getMessage());
}
return new ConvertEncoding(cBefore, cAfter, paths);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "replace",
doc =
"Replace a text with another text using optional regex groups. This transformation can be"
+ " automatically reversed.",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "before",
named = true,
doc =
"The text before the transformation. Can contain references to regex groups. For"
+ " example \"foo${x}text\".<p>`before` can only contain 1 reference to each"
+ " unique `regex_group`. If you require multiple references to the same"
+ " `regex_group`, add `repeated_groups: True`.<p>If '$' literal character"
+ " needs to be matched, '`$$`' should be used. For example '`$$FOO`' would"
+ " match the literal '$FOO'."
+ " [Note this argument is a string. If you want to match a regular expression"
+ " it must be encoded as a regex_group.]"),
@Param(
name = "after",
named = true,
doc =
"The text after the transformation. It can also contain references to regex "
+ "groups, like 'before' field."),
@Param(
name = "regex_groups",
named = true,
doc =
"A set of named regexes that can be used to match part of the replaced text."
+ "Copybara uses [re2](path_to_url syntax."
+ " For example {\"x\": \"[A-Za-z]+\"}",
defaultValue = "{}"),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob expression relative to the workdir representing the files to apply the"
+ " transformation. For example, glob([\"**.java\"]), matches all java files"
+ " recursively. Defaults to match all the files recursively.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "first_only",
named = true,
doc =
"If true, only replaces the first instance rather than all. In single line mode,"
+ " replaces the first instance on each line. In multiline mode, replaces the"
+ " first instance in each file.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "multiline",
named = true,
doc = "Whether to replace text that spans more than one line.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "repeated_groups",
named = true,
doc =
"Allow to use a group multiple times. For example foo${repeated}/${repeated}. Note"
+ " that this won't match \"fooX/Y\". This mechanism doesn't use"
+ " backtracking. In other words, the group instances are treated as different"
+ " groups in regex construction and then a validation is done after that.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "ignore",
named = true,
doc =
"A set of regexes. If the entire content of any line (or file, if `multiline` is"
+ " enabled) matches any expression in this set, then Copybara will not apply"
+ " this transformation to any text there. Because `ignore` is matched against"
+ " the entire line (or entire file under `multiline`), not just the parts that"
+ " match `before`, the `ignore` regex can refer to text outside the span that"
+ " would be replaced.",
defaultValue = "[]"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@DocDefault(field = "paths", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@Example(
title = "Simple replacement",
before = "Replaces the text \"internal\" with \"external\" in all java files",
code =
"core.replace(\n"
+ " before = \"internal\",\n"
+ " after = \"external\",\n"
+ " paths = glob([\"**.java\"]),\n"
+ ")")
@Example(
title = "Simple replacement in a specific file",
before = "Replaces the text \"internal\" with \"external\" in all java files",
code =
"core.replace(\n"
+ " before = \"internal\",\n"
+ " after = \"external\",\n"
+ " paths = ['foo/bar.txt'],\n"
+ ")")
@Example(
title = "Append some text at the end of files",
before = "",
code =
"core.replace(\n"
+ " before = '${end}',\n"
+ " after = 'Text to be added at the end',\n"
+ " multiline = True,\n"
+ " regex_groups = { 'end' : '\\\\z'},\n"
+ ")")
@Example(
title = "Append some text at the end of files reversible",
before = "Same as the above example but make the transformation reversible",
code =
"core.transform([\n"
+ " core.replace(\n"
+ " before = '${end}',\n"
+ " after = 'some append',\n"
+ " multiline = True,\n"
+ " regex_groups = { 'end' : r'\\z'},\n"
+ " )\n"
+ "],\n"
+ "reversal = [\n"
+ " core.replace(\n"
+ " before = 'some append${end}',\n"
+ " after = '',\n"
+ " multiline = True,\n"
+ " regex_groups = { 'end' : r'\\z'},\n"
+ " )"
+ "])")
@Example(
title = "Replace using regex groups",
before =
"In this example we map some urls from the internal to the external version in"
+ " all the files of the project.",
code =
"core.replace(\n"
+ " before = \"path_to_url{pkg}.html\",\n"
+ " after = \"path_to_url{pkg}.html\",\n"
+ " regex_groups = {\n"
+ " \"pkg\": \".*\",\n"
+ " },\n"
+ " )",
after =
"So a url like `path_to_url` will be transformed to"
+ " `path_to_url`.")
@Example(
title = "Remove confidential blocks",
before =
"This example removes blocks of text/code that are confidential and thus shouldn't"
+ "be exported to a public repository.",
code =
"core.replace(\n"
+ " before = \"${x}\",\n"
+ " after = \"\",\n"
+ " multiline = True,\n"
+ " regex_groups = {\n"
+ " \"x\": \"(?m)^.*BEGIN-INTERNAL[\\\\w\\\\W]*?END-INTERNAL.*$\\\\n\",\n"
+ " },\n"
+ " )",
after =
"This replace would transform a text file like:\n\n"
+ "```\n"
+ "This is\n"
+ "public\n"
+ " // BEGIN-INTERNAL\n"
+ " confidential\n"
+ " information\n"
+ " // END-INTERNAL\n"
+ "more public code\n"
+ " // BEGIN-INTERNAL\n"
+ " more confidential\n"
+ " information\n"
+ " // END-INTERNAL\n"
+ "```\n\n"
+ "Into:\n\n"
+ "```\n"
+ "This is\n"
+ "public\n"
+ "more public code\n"
+ "```")
@Example(
title = "Replace with ignore",
before =
"This example replaces go links that shouldn't be in a public repository with `(broken"
+ " link)`, but ignores any lines that contain `bazelbuild/rules_go/`, to avoid"
+ " replacing file paths present in the text.",
code =
"core.replace(\n"
+ " before = \"${x}\",\n"
+ " after = \"(broken link)\",\n"
+ " regex_groups = {\n"
+ " \"x\": \"(go|goto)/[-/_#a-zA-Z0-9?]*(.md|)\",\n"
+ " },\n"
+ " ignore = [\".*bazelbuild/rules_go/.*\"],\n"
+ " )",
after =
"This replace would transform a text file like:\n\n"
+ "```\n"
+ "public code\n"
+ "go/copybara ... public code\n"
+ "public code ... go/copybara\n"
+ "go/copybara ... foo/bazelbuild/rules_go/bar\n"
+ "foo/bazelbuild/rules_go/baz ... go/copybara\n"
+ "```\n\n"
+ "Into:\n\n"
+ "```\n"
+ "public code\n"
+ "(broken link) ... public code\n"
+ "public code ... (broken link)\n"
+ "go/copybara ... foo/bazelbuild/rules_go/bar\n"
+ "foo/bazelbuild/rules_go/baz ... go/copybara\n"
+ "```\n\n"
+ "Note that the `go/copybara` links on lines that matched the ignore regex were not"
+ " replaced. The transformation ignored these lines entirely.")
public Replace replace(
String before,
String after,
Dict<?, ?> regexes, // <String, String>
Object paths,
Boolean firstOnly,
Boolean multiline,
Boolean repeatedGroups,
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> ignore, // <String>
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
return Replace.create(
thread.getCallerLocation(),
before,
after,
convertStringMap(regexes, "regex_groups"),
wrapGlob(paths, Glob.ALL_FILES),
firstOnly,
multiline,
repeatedGroups,
convertStringList(ignore, "patterns_to_ignore"),
workflowOptions);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "todo_replace",
doc = "Replace Google style TODOs. For example `TODO(username, othername)`.",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "tags",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence.class, generic1 = String.class)
},
doc = "Prefix tag to look for",
defaultValue = "['TODO', 'NOTE']"),
@Param(
name = "mapping",
named = true,
doc = "Mapping of users/strings",
defaultValue = "{}"),
@Param(
name = "mode",
named = true,
doc =
"Mode for the replace:<ul><li>'MAP_OR_FAIL': Try to use the mapping and if not"
+ " found fail.</li><li>'MAP_OR_IGNORE': Try to use the mapping but ignore if"
+ " no mapping found.</li><li>'MAP_OR_DEFAULT': Try to use the mapping and use"
+ " the default if not found.</li><li>'SCRUB_NAMES': Scrub all names from"
+ " TODOs. Transforms 'TODO(foo)' to 'TODO'</li><li>'USE_DEFAULT': Replace any"
+ " TODO(foo, bar) with TODO(default_string)</li></ul>",
defaultValue = "'MAP_OR_IGNORE'"),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob expression relative to the workdir representing the files to apply the"
+ " transformation. For example, glob([\"**.java\"]), matches all java files"
+ " recursively. Defaults to match all the files recursively.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "default",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"Default value if mapping not found. Only valid for 'MAP_OR_DEFAULT' or"
+ " 'USE_DEFAULT' modes",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "ignore",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"If set, elements within TODO (with usernames) that match the regex will be "
+ "ignored. For example ignore = \"foo\" would ignore \"foo\" in "
+ "\"TODO(foo,bar)\" but not \"bar\".",
defaultValue = "None"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@DocDefault(field = "paths", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@Example(
title = "Simple update",
before = "Replace TODOs and NOTES for users in the mapping:",
code =
"core.todo_replace(\n"
+ " mapping = {\n"
+ " 'test1' : 'external1',\n"
+ " 'test2' : 'external2'\n"
+ " }\n"
+ ")",
after =
"Would replace texts like TODO(test1) or NOTE(test1, test2) with TODO(external1)"
+ " or NOTE(external1, external2)")
@Example(
title = "Scrubbing",
before = "Remove text from inside TODOs",
code = "core.todo_replace(\n" + " mode = 'SCRUB_NAMES'\n" + ")",
after =
"Would replace texts like TODO(test1): foo or NOTE(test1, test2):foo with TODO:foo"
+ " and NOTE:foo")
@Example(
title = "Ignoring Regex Patterns",
before = "Ignore regEx inside TODOs when scrubbing/mapping",
code = "core.todo_replace(\n" + " mapping = { 'aaa' : 'foo'},\n" + " ignore = 'b/.*'\n)",
after = "Would replace texts like TODO(b/123, aaa) with TODO(b/123, foo)")
public TodoReplace todoReplace(
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> skyTags, // <String>
Dict<?, ?> skyMapping, // <String, String>
String modeStr,
Object paths,
Object skyDefault,
Object regexToIgnore,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
Mode mode = stringToEnum("mode", modeStr, Mode.class);
Map<String, String> mapping = convertStringMap(skyMapping, "mapping");
String defaultString = convertFromNoneable(skyDefault, /*defaultValue=*/null);
ImmutableList<String> tags =
ImmutableList.copyOf(convertStringList(skyTags, "tags"));
String ignorePattern = convertFromNoneable(regexToIgnore, null);
Pattern regexIgnorelist = ignorePattern != null ? Pattern.compile(ignorePattern) : null;
check(!tags.isEmpty(), "'tags' cannot be empty");
if (mode == Mode.MAP_OR_DEFAULT || mode == Mode.USE_DEFAULT) {
check(defaultString != null, "'default' needs to be set for mode '%s'", mode);
} else {
check(defaultString == null, "'default' cannot be used for mode '%s'", mode);
}
if (mode == Mode.USE_DEFAULT || mode == Mode.SCRUB_NAMES) {
check(mapping.isEmpty(), "'mapping' cannot be used with mode %s", mode);
}
return new TodoReplace(
thread.getCallerLocation(),
wrapGlob(paths, Glob.ALL_FILES),
tags,
mode,
mapping,
defaultString,
workflowOptions.parallelizer(),
regexIgnorelist);
}
public static final String TODO_FILTER_REPLACE_EXAMPLE = ""
+ "core.filter_replace(\n"
+ " regex = 'TODO\\\\((.*?)\\\\)',\n"
+ " group = 1,\n"
+ " mapping = core.replace_mapper([\n"
+ " core.replace(\n"
+ " before = '${p}foo${s}',\n"
+ " after = '${p}fooz${s}',\n"
+ " regex_groups = { 'p': '.*', 's': '.*'}\n"
+ " ),\n"
+ " core.replace(\n"
+ " before = '${p}baz${s}',\n"
+ " after = '${p}bazz${s}',\n"
+ " regex_groups = { 'p': '.*', 's': '.*'}\n"
+ " ),\n"
+ " ],\n"
+ " all = True\n"
+ " )\n"
+ ")";
public static final String SIMPLE_FILTER_REPLACE_EXAMPLE = ""
+ "core.filter_replace(\n"
+ " regex = 'a.*',\n"
+ " mapping = {\n"
+ " 'afoo': 'abar',\n"
+ " 'abaz': 'abam'\n"
+ " }\n"
+ ")";
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "filter_replace",
doc =
"Applies an initial filtering to find a substring to be replaced and then applies"
+ " a `mapping` of replaces for the matched text.",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "regex",
named = true,
doc = "A re2 regex to match a substring of the file",
allowedTypes = {@ParamType(type = String.class)}),
@Param(
name = "mapping",
named = true,
doc = "A mapping function like core.replace_mapper or a dict with mapping values.",
defaultValue = "{}"),
@Param(
name = "group",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = StarlarkInt.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"Extract a regex group from the matching text and pass this as parameter to"
+ " the mapping instead of the whole matching text.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob expression relative to the workdir representing the files to apply the"
+ " transformation. For example, glob([\"**.java\"]), matches all java files"
+ " recursively. Defaults to match all the files recursively.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "reverse",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc = "A re2 regex used as reverse transformation",
defaultValue = "None"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@DocDefault(field = "paths", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
@DocDefault(field = "reverse", value = "regex")
@DocDefault(field = "group", value = "Whole text")
@Example(
title = "Simple replace with mapping",
before = "Simplest mapping",
code = SIMPLE_FILTER_REPLACE_EXAMPLE)
@Example(
title = "TODO replace",
before = "This replace is similar to what it can be achieved with core.todo_replace:",
code = TODO_FILTER_REPLACE_EXAMPLE)
public FilterReplace filterReplace(
String regex,
Object mapping,
Object group,
Object paths,
Object reverse,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
ReversibleFunction<String, String> func = getMappingFunction(mapping);
String afterPattern = convertFromNoneable(reverse, regex);
int numGroup = convertFromNoneable(group, StarlarkInt.of(0)).toInt("group");
Pattern before = Pattern.compile(regex);
check(
numGroup <= before.groupCount(),
"group idx is greater than the number of groups defined in '%s'. Regex has %s groups",
before.pattern(),
before.groupCount());
Pattern after = Pattern.compile(afterPattern);
check(
numGroup <= after.groupCount(),
"reverse_group idx is greater than the number of groups defined in '%s'."
+ " Regex has %s groups",
after.pattern(),
after.groupCount());
return new FilterReplace(
workflowOptions,
before,
after,
numGroup,
numGroup,
func,
wrapGlob(paths, Glob.ALL_FILES),
thread.getCallerLocation());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static ReversibleFunction<String, String> getMappingFunction(Object mapping)
throws EvalException {
if (mapping instanceof Dict) {
ImmutableMap<String, String> map =
ImmutableMap.copyOf(Dict.noneableCast(mapping, String.class, String.class, "mapping"));
check(!map.isEmpty(), "Empty mapping is not allowed." + " Remove the transformation instead");
return new MapMapper(map);
}
check(
mapping instanceof ReversibleFunction,
"mapping has to be instance of" + " map or a reversible function");
return (ReversibleFunction<String, String>) mapping;
}
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "replace_mapper",
doc =
"A mapping function that applies a list of replaces until one replaces the text"
+ " (Unless `all = True` is used). This should be used with core.filter_replace or"
+ " other transformations that accept text mapping as parameter.",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "mapping",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(
type = net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence.class,
generic1 = Transformation.class),
},
named = true,
doc = "The list of core.replace transformations"),
@Param(
name = "all",
named = true,
positional = false,
doc = "Run all the mappings despite a replace happens.",
defaultValue = "False"),
})
public ReplaceMapper mapImports(
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> mapping, // <Transformation>
Boolean all)
throws EvalException {
check(!mapping.isEmpty(), "Empty mapping is not allowed");
ImmutableList.Builder<Replace> replaces = ImmutableList.builder();
for (Transformation t :
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence.cast(mapping, Transformation.class, "mapping")) {
check(
t instanceof Replace,
"Only core.replace can be used as mapping, but got: %S", t.describe());
Replace replace = (Replace) t;
check(
replace.getPaths().equals(Glob.ALL_FILES),
"core.replace cannot use" + " 'paths' inside core.replace_mapper");
replaces.add(replace);
}
return new ReplaceMapper(replaces.build(), all);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "verify_match",
doc =
"Verifies that a RegEx matches (or not matches) the specified files. Does not"
+ " transform anything, but will stop the workflow if it fails.",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "regex",
named = true,
doc =
"The regex pattern to verify. To satisfy the validation, there has to be at"
+ "least one (or no matches if verify_no_match) match in each of the files "
+ "included in paths. The re2j pattern will be applied in multiline mode, i.e."
+ " '^' refers to the beginning of a file and '$' to its end. "
+ "Copybara uses [re2](path_to_url syntax."),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"A glob expression relative to the workdir representing the files to apply the"
+ " transformation. For example, glob([\"**.java\"]), matches all java files"
+ " recursively. Defaults to match all the files recursively.",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "verify_no_match",
named = true,
doc = "If true, the transformation will verify that the RegEx does not match.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "also_on_reversal",
named = true,
doc =
"If true, the check will also apply on the reversal. The default behavior is to"
+ " not verify the pattern on reversal.",
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "failure_message",
named = true,
doc = "Optional string that will be included in the failure message.",
defaultValue = "None")
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@DocDefault(field = "paths", value = "glob([\"**\"])")
public VerifyMatch verifyMatch(
String regex,
Object paths,
Boolean verifyNoMatch,
Boolean alsoOnReversal,
Object failureMessage,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
return VerifyMatch.create(
thread.getCallerLocation(),
regex,
wrapGlob(paths, Glob.ALL_FILES),
verifyNoMatch,
alsoOnReversal,
convertOptionalString(failureMessage),
workflowOptions.parallelizer());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "transform",
doc =
"Groups some transformations in a transformation that can contain a particular,"
+ " manually-specified, reversal, where the forward version and reversed version"
+ " of the transform are represented as lists of transforms. The is useful if a"
+ " transformation does not automatically reverse, or if the automatic reversal"
+ " does not work for some reason."
+ "<br>"
+ "If reversal is not provided, the transform will try to compute the reverse of"
+ " the transformations list.",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "transformations",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(
type = net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence.class,
generic1 = Transformation.class),
},
named = true,
doc = "The list of transformations to run as a result of running this transformation."),
@Param(
name = "reversal",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(
type = net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence.class,
generic1 = Transformation.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"The list of transformations to run as a result of running this"
+ " transformation in reverse.",
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "ignore_noop",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Boolean.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"WARNING: Deprecated. Use `noop_behavior` instead.\nIn case a noop error happens in"
+ " the group of transformations (Both forward and reverse), it will be"
+ " ignored, but the rest of the transformations in the group will still be"
+ " executed. If ignore_noop is not set, we will apply the closest parent's"
+ " ignore_noop.",
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "noop_behavior",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc =
"How to handle no-op transformations:<br><ul> <li><b>'IGNORE_NOOP'</b>: Any no-ops"
+ " among the wrapped transformations are ignored.</li>"
+ " <li><b>'NOOP_IF_ANY_NOOP'</b>: Throws an exception as soon as a single"
+ " wrapped transformation is a no-op.</li> <li><b>'NOOP_IF_ALL_NOOP'</b>:"
+ " Ignores no-ops from the wrapped transformations unless they all no-op, in"
+ " which case an exception is thrown.</li></ul>",
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "None"),
})
@DocDefault(field = "reversal", value = "The reverse of 'transformations'")
@DocDefault(field = "noop_behavior", value = "NOOP_IF_ANY_NOOP")
public Transformation transform(
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> transformations, // <Transformation>
Object reversal,
Object ignoreNoop,
Object noopBehaviorString)
throws EvalException, ValidationException {
checkCondition(
Starlark.isNullOrNone(ignoreNoop) || Starlark.isNullOrNone(noopBehaviorString),
"The deprecated param 'ignore_noop' cannot be set simultaneously with 'noop_behavior'."
+ " Prefer using 'noop_behavior'.");
Sequence.NoopBehavior noopBehavior =
stringToEnum(
"noop_behavior",
convertFromNoneable(noopBehaviorString, "NOOP_IF_ANY_NOOP"),
Sequence.NoopBehavior.class);
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(ignoreNoop)) {
noopBehavior = Sequence.NoopBehavior.IGNORE_NOOP;
} else if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(ignoreNoop)) {
noopBehavior = Sequence.NoopBehavior.FAIL_IF_ANY_NOOP;
}
Sequence forward =
Sequence.fromConfig(
generalOptions.profiler(),
workflowOptions,
transformations,
"transformations",
printHandler,
debugOptions::transformWrapper,
noopBehavior);
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<Transformation> reverseList =
convertFromNoneable(reversal, null);
if (reverseList == null) {
try {
reverseList = StarlarkList.immutableCopyOf(ImmutableList.of(forward.reverse()));
} catch (NonReversibleValidationException e) {
throw Starlark.errorf(
"transformations are not automatically reversible."
+ " Use 'reversal' field to explicitly configure the reversal of the transform");
}
}
Sequence reverse =
Sequence.fromConfig(
generalOptions.profiler(),
workflowOptions,
reverseList,
"reversal",
printHandler,
debugOptions::transformWrapper,
noopBehavior);
return new ExplicitReversal(forward, reverse);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "dynamic_transform",
doc =
"Create a dynamic Skylark transformation. This should only be used by libraries"
+ " developers",
parameters = {
@Param(name = "impl", named = true, doc = "The Skylark function to call"),
@Param(
name = "params",
named = true,
doc = "The parameters to the function. Will be available under ctx.params",
defaultValue = "{}"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@Example(
title = "Create a dynamic transformation without parameters",
before =
"To define a simple dynamic transformation, you don't even need to use"
+ " `core.dynamic_transform`. The following transformation sets the change's message"
+ " to uppercase.",
code = "def test(ctx):\n ctx.set_message(ctx.message.upper())",
testExistingVariable = "test",
after =
"After defining this function, you can use `test` as a transformation in"
+ " `core.workflow`.")
@Example(
title = "Create a dynamic transformation with parameters",
before =
"If you want to create a library that uses dynamic transformations, you probably want to"
+ " make them customizable. In order to do that, in your library.bara.sky, you need"
+ " to hide the dynamic transformation (prefix with '\\_') and instead expose a"
+ " function that creates the dynamic transformation with the param:",
code =
""
+ "def _test_impl(ctx):\n"
+ " ctx.set_message("
+ "ctx.message + ctx.params['name'] + str(ctx.params['number']) + '\\n')\n"
+ "\n"
+ "def test(name, number = 2):\n"
+ " return core.dynamic_transform(impl = _test_impl,\n"
+ " params = { 'name': name, 'number': number})",
testExistingVariable = "test",
after =
"After defining this function, you can use `test('example', 42)` as a transformation"
+ " in `core.workflow`.")
public Transformation dynamic_transform(
StarlarkCallable impl, Dict<?, ?> params, StarlarkThread thread) {
return new SkylarkTransformation(
impl, Dict.<Object, Object>copyOf(thread.mutability(), params), printHandler);
}
// TODO(malcon): Deprecate this method once all references moved to core.action
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "dynamic_feedback",
doc =
"Create a dynamic Skylark feedback migration. This should only be used by libraries"
+ " developers",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "impl",
named = true,
doc = "The Skylark function to call"),
@Param(
name = "params",
named = true,
doc = "The parameters to the function. Will be available under ctx.params",
defaultValue = "{}"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
public Action dynamicFeedback(StarlarkCallable impl, Dict<?, ?> params, StarlarkThread thread) {
return new StarlarkAction(findCallableName(impl, thread),
impl, Dict.<Object, Object>copyOf(thread.mutability(), params), printHandler);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "action",
doc = "Create a dynamic Skylark action. This should only be used by libraries"
+ " developers. Actions are Starlark functions that receive a context, perform"
+ " some side effect and return a result (success, error or noop).",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "impl",
named = true,
doc = "The Skylark function to call"),
@Param(
name = "params",
named = true,
doc = "The parameters to the function. Will be available under ctx.params",
defaultValue = "{}"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
public Action action(StarlarkCallable impl, Dict<?, ?> params, StarlarkThread thread) {
return new StarlarkAction(findCallableName(impl, thread),
impl, Dict.<Object, Object>copyOf(thread.mutability(), params), printHandler);
}
private String findCallableName(StarlarkCallable impl, StarlarkThread thread) {
String name = impl.getName();
ImmutableList<CallStackEntry> stack = thread.getCallStack();
if (name.equals("lambda") && stack.size() > 1
&& !stack.get(stack.size() - 2).name.equals("<toplevel>")) {
name = stack.get(stack.size() - 2).name;
}
return name;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "fail_with_noop",
doc = "If invoked, it will fail the current migration as a noop",
parameters = {
@Param(name = "msg", named = true, doc = "The noop message"),
})
public Action failWithNoop(String msg) throws EmptyChangeException {
throw new EmptyChangeException(msg);
}
@StarlarkMethod(name = "main_config_path",
doc = "Location of the config file. This is subject to change",
structField = true)
public String getMainConfigFile() {
return mainConfigFile.getIdentifier();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "feedback",
doc =
"Defines a migration of changes' metadata, that can be invoked via the Copybara command"
+ " in the same way as a regular workflow migrates the change itself.\n"
+ "\n"
+ "It is considered change metadata any information associated with a change"
+ " (pending or submitted) that is not core to the change itself. A few examples:\n"
+ "<ul>\n"
+ " <li> Comments: Present in any code review system. Examples: GitHub PRs or"
+ " Gerrit code reviews.</li>\n"
+ " <li> Labels: Used in code review systems for approvals and/or CI results. "
+ " Examples: GitHub labels, Gerrit code review labels.</li>\n"
+ "</ul>\n"
+ "For the purpose of this workflow, it is not considered metadata the commit"
+ " message in Git, or any of the contents of the file tree.\n"
+ "\n",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "name",
doc = "The name of the feedback workflow.",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "origin",
doc = "The trigger of a feedback migration.",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "destination",
doc =
"Where to write change metadata to. This is usually a code review system like "
+ "Gerrit or GitHub PR.",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "actions",
doc =
""
+ "DEPRECATED: **DO NOT USE**\n"
+ "A list of feedback actions to perform, with the following semantics:\n"
+ " - There is no guarantee of the order of execution.\n"
+ " - Actions need to be independent from each other.\n"
+ " - Failure in one action might prevent other actions from executing.\n",
defaultValue = "[]",
documented = false,
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "action",
doc =
"An action to execute when the migration is triggered",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "description",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
named = true,
positional = false,
doc = "A description of what this workflow achieves",
defaultValue = "None"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
public NoneType feedback(
String workflowName,
Trigger trigger,
EndpointProvider<?> destination,
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> actionList,
Object action,
Object description,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
ActionMigration migration =
new ActionMigration(
workflowName,
convertFromNoneable(description, null),
mainConfigFile,
trigger,
new StructImpl(ImmutableMap.of("destination", destination.getEndpoint())),
handleActionActionsMigration(actionList, action),
generalOptions,
"feedback",
/* fileSystem= */ false);
Module module = Module.ofInnermostEnclosingStarlarkFunction(thread);
registerGlobalMigration(workflowName, migration, module);
return Starlark.NONE;
}
// TODO(b/269526710): Remove when all users are migrated to 'action' field
private ImmutableList<Action> handleActionActionsMigration(
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> actionList, Object action) throws EvalException {
if (actionList.isEmpty() && action == Starlark.NONE) {
throw new EvalException("'action' is a required field");
}
if ((!actionList.isEmpty()) && action != Starlark.NONE) {
throw new EvalException("Cannot use both 'action' and 'actions' field. 'actions' is"
+ " deprecated, so use 'action'");
}
if (action != Starlark.NONE) {
// Not warn since we are going to migrate our internal users and we don't know of any
// external user using this.
return ImmutableList.of(maybeWrapAction(printHandler, action));
} else {
return convertListOfActions(actionList, printHandler);
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "action_migration",
doc = "Defines a migration that is more flexible/less-opinionated migration than"
+ " `core.workflow`. Most of the users should not use this migration and instead"
+ " use `core.workflow` for moving code. In particular `core.workflow` provides"
+ " many helping functionality like version handling, ITERATIVE/SQUASH/CHANGE_REQUEST"
+ " modes, --read-config-from-change dynamic config, etc.\n"
+ "\n"
+ "These are the features that raw_migration provides:<ul>\n"
+ " <li>Support for migrations that don't move source code (similar to feedback)</li>\n"
+ " <li>Support for migrations that talk to more than one origin/destination endpoits"
+ " (Feature still in progress)</li>\n"
+ " <li>Custom management of versioning: For example moving non-linear/multiple"
+ " versions (Instead of `core.workflow`, that moves source code in relation to"
+ " the previous migrated code and is able to only track one branch).</li>\n"
+ "</ul>\n"
+ "",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "name",
doc = "The name of the migration.",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "origin",
doc = "The trigger endpoint of the migration. Accessible as `ctx.origin`",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "endpoints",
doc = "Zero or more endpoints that the migration will have access for read and/or"
+ " write. This is a field that should be defined as:\n"
+ "```\n"
+ " endpoint = struct(\n"
+ " some_endpoint = foo.foo_api(...configuration...),\n"
+ " other_endpoint = baz.baz_api(...configuration...),\n"
+ " )\n"
+ "```\n"
+ "Then they will be accessible in the action as `ctx.endpoints.some_endpoint`"
+ " and `ctx.endpoints.other_endpoint`",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "action",
doc =
"The action to execute when the migration is triggered.\n",
positional = false,
named = true),
@Param(
name = "description",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
named = true,
positional = false,
doc = "A description of what this workflow achieves",
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "filesystem",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Boolean.class),
},
named = true,
positional = false,
doc = "If true, the migration provide access to the filesystem to the endpoints",
defaultValue = "False"),
},
documented = false,
useStarlarkThread = true)
public NoneType actionMigration(
String workflowName,
Trigger trigger,
Structure endpoints,
Object action,
Object description,
Boolean filesystem,
StarlarkThread thread)
throws EvalException {
ImmutableList<Action> actions = ImmutableList.of(maybeWrapAction(printHandler, action));
ActionMigration migration =
new ActionMigration(
workflowName,
convertFromNoneable(description, null),
mainConfigFile,
trigger, new StructImpl((getEndpoints(endpoints))),
actions,
generalOptions,
"action_migration",
filesystem);
Module module = Module.ofInnermostEnclosingStarlarkFunction(thread);
registerGlobalMigration(workflowName, migration, module);
return Starlark.NONE;
}
private ImmutableMap<String, Object> getEndpoints(Structure endpoints)
throws EvalException {
Builder<String, Object> result = ImmutableMap.builder();
ImmutableCollection<String> fields = endpoints.getFieldNames();
// TODO(b/269526710): Enable more than one endpoint
check(fields.size() == 1 && Iterables.getOnlyElement(fields).equals("destination"),
"Temporarily core.action_migration only supports one endpoint called destination");
for (String fieldName : fields) {
Object epProvider = endpoints.getValue(fieldName);
check(epProvider instanceof EndpointProvider,
"Only enpoints can be used as values in 'endpoints' but got"
+ " type '%s' for %s", Starlark.type(epProvider), fieldName);
result.put(fieldName, ((EndpointProvider<?>) epProvider).getEndpoint());
}
return result.build();
}
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "console",
structField = true,
doc = "Returns a handle to the console object.")
public SkylarkConsole console()
throws EvalException {
synchronized (this) {
if (console == null) {
console = new SkylarkConsole(generalOptions.console());
}
}
return console;
}
/** Registers a {@link Migration} in the global registry. */
protected void registerGlobalMigration(String name, Migration migration, Module module)
throws EvalException {
getGlobalMigrations(module).addMigration(name, migration);
}
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "format",
doc =
"Formats a String using Java's <a"
+ " href='path_to_url#format-java.lang.String-java.lang.Object...-'><code>String.format</code></a>.",
parameters = {
@Param(name = "format", named = true, doc = "The format string"),
@Param(name = "args", named = true, doc = "The arguments to format"),
})
public String format(String format, net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> args)
throws EvalException {
// This function presumably exists because Starlark-in-Java's 'str % tuple'
// operator doesn't support width and precision.
// Convert StarlarkInt to types known to Java's String.format.
Object[] array = args.toArray(new Object[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if (array[i] instanceof StarlarkInt) {
array[i] = ((StarlarkInt) array[i]).toNumber();
}
}
try {
return String.format(format, array);
} catch (IllegalFormatException e) {
throw Starlark.errorf("Invalid format: %s: %s", format, e.getMessage());
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "latest_version",
doc =
"Selects the latest version that matches the format. Using --force"
+ " in the CLI will force to use the reference passed as argument instead.",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "format",
doc =
"The format of the version. If using it for git, it has to use the complete"
+ "refspec (e.g. 'refs/tags/${n0}.${n1}.${n2}')",
named = true),
@Param(
name = "regex_groups",
named = true,
doc =
"A set of named regexes that can be used to match part of the versions. Copybara"
+ " uses [re2](path_to_url syntax. Use the"
+ " following nomenclature n0, n1, n2 for the version part (will use numeric"
+ " sorting) or s0, s1, s2 (alphabetic sorting). Note that there can be mixed"
+ " but the numbers cannot be repeated. In other words n0, s1, n2 is valid but"
+ " not n0, s0, n1. n0 has more priority than n1. If there are fields where"
+ " order is not important, use s(N+1) where N ist he latest sorted field."
+ " Example {\"n0\": \"[0-9]+\", \"s1\": \"[a-z]+\"}",
defaultValue = "{}"),
},
useStarlarkThread = true)
@Example(
title = "Version selector for Git tags",
before = "Example of how to match tags that follow semantic versioning",
code =
"core.latest_version(\n"
+ " format = \"refs/tags/${n0}.${n1}.${n2}\","
+ " regex_groups = {\n"
+ " 'n0': '[0-9]+',"
+ " 'n1': '[0-9]+',"
+ " 'n2': '[0-9]+',"
+ " }"
+ ")")
@Example(
title =
"Version selector for Git tags with mixed version semantics with X.Y.Z and X.Y tagging",
before = "Edge case example: we allow a '.' literal prefix for numeric regex groups.",
code =
"core.latest_version(\n"
+ " format = \"refs/tags/${n0}.${n1}${n2}\","
+ " regex_groups = {\n"
+ " 'n0': '[0-9]+',"
+ " 'n1': '[0-9]+',"
+ " 'n2': '(.[0-9]+)?',"
+ " }"
+ ")")
public VersionSelector versionSelector(
String regex, Dict<?, ?> groups, StarlarkThread thread) // <String, String>
throws EvalException {
Map<String, String> groupsMap = Dict.cast(groups, String.class, String.class, "regex_groups");
TreeMap<Integer, VersionElementType> elements = new TreeMap<>();
Pattern regexKey = Pattern.compile("([sn])([0-9])");
for (String s : groupsMap.keySet()) {
Matcher matcher = regexKey.matcher(s);
check(
matcher.matches(),
"Incorrect key for regex_group. Should be in the "
+ "format of n0, n1, etc. or s0, s1, etc. Value: %s",
s);
VersionElementType type = matcher.group(1).equals("s") ? ALPHABETIC : NUMERIC;
int num = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(2));
check(
!elements.containsKey(num) || elements.get(num) == type,
"Cannot use same n in both s%s and n%s: %s",
num,
num,
s);
elements.put(num, type);
}
for (Integer num : elements.keySet()) {
if (num > 0) {
check(
elements.containsKey(num - 1),
"Cannot have s%s or n%s if s%s or n%s" + " doesn't exist",
num,
num,
num - 1,
num - 1);
}
}
LatestVersionSelector versionPicker = new LatestVersionSelector(
regex, Replace.parsePatterns(groupsMap), elements, thread.getCallerLocation());
ImmutableList<String> extraGroups = versionPicker.getUnmatchedGroups();
check(extraGroups.isEmpty(), "Extra regex_groups not used in pattern: %s", extraGroups);
if (generalOptions.isForced() || generalOptions.isVersionSelectorUseCliRef()) {
return new OrderedVersionSelector(
ImmutableList.of(new RequestedVersionSelector(), versionPicker));
}
return versionPicker;
}
private static ImmutableList<Action> convertListOfActions(
net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence<?> feedbackActions, StarlarkThread.PrintHandler printHandler)
throws EvalException {
ImmutableList.Builder<Action> actions = ImmutableList.builder();
for (Object action : feedbackActions) {
actions.add(maybeWrapAction(printHandler, action));
}
return actions.build();
}
private static Action maybeWrapAction(PrintHandler printHandler, Object action)
throws EvalException {
if (action instanceof StarlarkCallable) {
return new StarlarkAction(((StarlarkCallable) action).getName(),
(StarlarkCallable) action, Dict.empty(), printHandler);
} else if (action instanceof Action) {
return (Action) action;
} else {
throw Starlark.errorf(
"Invalid action '%s 'of type: %s", action, action.getClass());
}
}
@Override
public void setConfigFile(ConfigFile mainConfigFile, ConfigFile currentConfigFile) {
this.mainConfigFile = mainConfigFile;
}
@Override
public void setAllConfigResources(
Supplier<ImmutableMap<String, ConfigFile>> allConfigFiles) {
this.allConfigFiles = allConfigFiles;
}
@Override
public void setPrintHandler(StarlarkThread.PrintHandler printHandler) {
this.printHandler = printHandler;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "merge_import_config",
doc = "Describes which paths merge_import mode should be applied",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "package_path",
doc = "Package location (ex. 'google3/third_party/java/foo').",
named = true,
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "paths",
doc = "Glob of paths to apply merge_import mode, relative to package_path",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class)
},
defaultValue = "None",
named = true,
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "use_consistency_file",
documented = false,
doc = "under development",
defaultValue = "False",
named = true,
positional = false),
@Param(
name = "merge_strategy",
doc =
"The strategy to use for merging files. DIFF3 shells out to diff3 with the -m flag"
+ " to perform a 3-way merge. PATCH_MERGE creates a patch file by diffing the"
+ " baseline and destination files, and then applies the patch to the origin"
+ " file.",
defaultValue = "'DIFF3'",
named = true,
positional = false)
})
public MergeImportConfiguration mergeImportConfiguration(
String packagePath, Object pathsObj, boolean useConsistencyFile, String mergeStrategy)
throws EvalException {
Glob paths = wrapGlob(pathsObj, Glob.ALL_FILES);
return MergeImportConfiguration.create(
packagePath,
paths,
useConsistencyFile,
MergeImportConfiguration.MergeStrategy.valueOf(mergeStrategy));
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@StarlarkMethod(
name = "autopatch_config",
doc = "Describes in the configuration for automatic patch file generation",
parameters = {
@Param(
name = "header",
doc = "A string to include at the beginning of each patch file",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "None"),
@Param(
name = "suffix",
doc = "Suffix to use when saving patch files",
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "'.patch'"),
@Param(
name = "directory_prefix",
doc =
"Directory prefix used to relativize filenames when writing patch files. E.g. if"
+ " filename is third_party/foo/bar/bar.go and we want to write"
+ " third_party/foo/PATCHES/bar/bar.go, the value for this field would be"
+ " 'third_party/foo'",
named = true,
positional = false,
// TODO: temporarily include a default value to not break existing usage
defaultValue = "'None'",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
}),
@Param(
name = "directory",
doc = "Directory in which to save the patch files.",
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "'AUTOPATCHES'"),
@Param(
name = "strip_file_names_and_line_numbers",
doc = "When true, strip filenames and line numbers from patch files",
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "strip_file_names",
doc = "When true, strip filenames from patch files",
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "strip_line_numbers",
doc = "When true, strip line numbers from patch files",
named = true,
positional = false,
defaultValue = "False"),
@Param(
name = "paths",
named = true,
allowedTypes = {
@ParamType(type = Glob.class),
@ParamType(type = StarlarkList.class, generic1 = String.class),
@ParamType(type = NoneType.class),
},
doc = "Only create patch files that match glob. Default is to match all files",
defaultValue = "None",
positional = false),
})
public AutoPatchfileConfiguration autoPatchfileConfiguration(
Object fileContentsPrefix,
String suffix,
Object directoryPrefix,
Object directory,
boolean stripFileNamesAndLineNumbers,
boolean stripFileNames,
boolean stripLineNumbers,
Object globObj)
throws EvalException {
Glob glob = wrapGlob(globObj, Glob.ALL_FILES);
if (stripFileNamesAndLineNumbers && (stripFileNames || stripLineNumbers)) {
throw Starlark.errorf(
"Cannot set both strip_file_names_and_line_numbers and strip_file_names /"
+ " strip_line_numbers");
}
if (stripFileNamesAndLineNumbers) {
stripFileNames = true;
stripLineNumbers = true;
}
return AutoPatchfileConfiguration.create(
convertFromNoneable(fileContentsPrefix, null),
suffix,
convertFromNoneable(directoryPrefix, null),
convertFromNoneable(directory, null),
stripFileNames,
stripLineNumbers,
glob);
}
}
``` |
```smalltalk
"
I am reusable menu group for commands.
I am supposed to group commands which are related to querying the system
"
Class {
#name : 'ClyQueryMenuGroup',
#superclass : 'CmdMenuGroup',
#category : 'Calypso-Browser-MenuGroups',
#package : 'Calypso-Browser',
#tag : 'MenuGroups'
}
{ #category : 'testing' }
ClyQueryMenuGroup >> isInlined [
^true
]
{ #category : 'accessing' }
ClyQueryMenuGroup >> name [
^'Query'
]
{ #category : 'accessing' }
ClyQueryMenuGroup >> order [
^1
]
``` |
```xml
import type { PresetProperty } from 'storybook/internal/types';
export * from './types';
export const addons: PresetProperty<'addons'> = [
require.resolve('@storybook/preset-react-webpack/dist/framework-preset-cra'),
require.resolve('@storybook/preset-react-webpack/dist/framework-preset-react-docs'),
];
``` |
Carmarthen Bridge (also known locally as the Towy Bridge or Town Bridge) is the modern 1930s road bridge crossing the River Tywi in Carmarthen, Wales, carrying the A484 road.
Early history
A stone bridge crossing the River Tywi at Carmarthen, nine miles from the river's mouth at the Bristol Channel, was first recorded in 1233. There was definitely no bridge at Carmarthen in 1188 when Giraldus Cambrensis visited. It is believed that a bridge was built during the 1233 siege of Carmarthen. By 1326 the bridge had clearly become unusable, as it had been replaced by a boat service, and King Edward II allowed the collection of money from ferryboat men to fund a replacement crossing. The town's priory was still raising money for a replacement bridge in 1362. Therefore, the bridge was repaired after this date. It was repaired and widened several times, in 1777 and 1834. The old bridge had seven arches and was recorded in 1849 as having an iron balustrade. The arches were divided by pointed cutwaters. The old bridge was demolished in 1936 to make way for a modern replacement.
20th century
The current road bridge is a three-arch concrete structure designed in 1933 by the architect Clough Williams-Ellis (best known for designing the village of Portmeirion). Construction of the new bridge began in May 1936. Completed at a cost of £89,091, it came into public use in September 1937. It was officially opened by the Minister of Transport, Leslie Burgin, in April 1938.
The Williams-Ellis bridge has curved grey sandstone cutwaters between each arch. The parapets are built up with layers of sandstone ashlar, alternating in thickness. There are Georgian style octagonal lamps attached to the parapets above each arch. The parapets continue some distance beyond the ends of the bridge, for example the southwest parapet curving down Station Approach towards the nearby Carmarthen Railway Station.
The bridge was Grade II listed in 2003, being an early 20th-century concrete bridge designed by an important Welsh architect.
References
External links
Bridges completed in the 13th century
Bridges completed in 1937
Bridges in Carmarthenshire
Buildings and structures in Carmarthen
Concrete bridges in Wales
Grade II listed bridges in Wales
Grade II listed buildings in Carmarthenshire
Rebuilt buildings and structures in Wales
Road bridges in Wales
Bridges over the River Towy |
Sword Of Justice is an American action-adventure television series that aired on NBC for one season during 1978 and 1979.
Synopsis
Dack Rambo starred as Jack Martin Cole, who had emerged from an unjust prison sentence to become a rich playboy by day and a troubleshooting mercenary at night, à la The Saint. Bert Rosario co-starred as Hector Ramirez, a former petty crook who was Cole's junior partner and former cell-mate, and Alex Courtney, another series regular, appeared as Arthur Woods, an attorney who had unsuccessfully defended Cole on criminal charges, who – from his involvement in that case – was motivated to head a special federal task force for the Justice Department to fight white-collar crime. His associate and partner in the task force was a federal agent known only by the family name of Buckner (Colby Chester).
Cole had previously been a full-time playboy, but his family had powerful enemies who framed him for embezzlement. Arthur Woods defended Cole at his trial, but without success. After being wrongly convicted, he served a prison sentence for the crimes he had not committed, à la The Rockford Files; Ramirez became his cell-mate during this period. During his confinement, Cole's parents died, and his family fortune was almost totally destroyed by their enemies. Bitter, hateful, and rage-filled as a direct result of his misfortunes, Cole swore revenge. To that end, once he returned to prison after attending his dead parents' funerals, he learned how to crack safes, break into banks, and most of the other secrets of the criminal trade. Upon his release, he decided to turn the tables on such above-the-law criminals as he blamed for his misfortunes by fighting them at their own game, à la It Takes a Thief, and using a unique way to leave his message: the "3" from a deck of cards, indicating how many years he spent behind bars. On these cards would be a written warning for the criminal(s).
The three of clubs would read: "The club is the sign of vengeance—it holds no man as friend." However, he would also leave clues for Woods to follow, not revealing his true identity. He would leave these with the three of diamonds. In the first installment of the series, "A Double Life," this card read: "A diamond's suit means, 'Fill your cup with wealth and worldly things.'" If there were persons Cole was assisting or protecting, he would leave the three of hearts with them. Presumably, the heart indicated compassion, concern, caring, and a wish not to see this person come to harm. The three of spades would mark the end of the game, and this card read: "The spade is the sword of justice—its rapier marks the end." In the pilot installment, later re-edited into the made-for-television film "A Double Life," the club was the sword; the spade, the vengeance sign. The second series installment, "Aloha, Julie Lang," reversed this.
The primary enemy Cole brought down in Sword Of Justice: "A Double Life" was played by Larry Hagman. Rambo and Hagman would later work together on Dallas.
Cast
Production
The series was produced by Glen A. Larson, who later incorporated the ideas of the choice of a lead best known for daytime television and of a lone crusader protecting helpless, powerless, and/or innocent people against white-collar, above-the-law criminals into Knight Rider.
Episodes
External links
1978 American television series debuts
1979 American television series endings
American action television series
1970s American drama television series
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Television series by Universal Television
Television series created by Glen A. Larson
American action adventure television series
Television shows set in Chicago |
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