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R136c is a star located in R136, a tight knot of stars at the centre of NGC 2070, an open cluster weighing 450,000 solar masses and containing 10,000 stars. At and 3.8 million , it is the one of the most massive stars known and one of the most luminous, along with being one of the hottest, at over . It was first resolved and named by Feitzinger in 1980, along with R136a and R136b.
Description
R136c is a Wolf–Rayet star of the spectral type WN5h and with a temperature of , making it one of hottest stars known. It is the one of the most massive stars known, with a mass of , and it is one of the most luminous stars known, with a luminosity of 3.8 million . The extreme luminosity is produced by the CNO fusion process in its highly compressed hot core. Typical of all Wolf–Rayet stars, R136c has been losing mass by means of a strong stellar wind with speeds over and mass loss rates in excess of solar masses per year. It is strongly suspected to be a binary, due to the detection of hard x-ray emission typical of colliding wind binaries, but the companion is thought to make only a small contribution to the total luminosity.
Evolution
R136c is so energetic that it has already lost a substantial fraction of its initial mass, even though it is only a few million years old. It is still effectively on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen at its core via the CNO cycle, but it has convected and mixed fusion products to the surface and these create a powerful stellar wind and emission spectrum normally only seen in highly evolved stars.
Its fate depends on the amount of mass it loses before its core collapses, but is likely to result in a supernova. The most recent models for single star evolution at near-solar metallicities suggest that the most massive stars explode as highly stripped type Ic supernovae, although different outcomes are possible for binaries. Some of these supernovae are expected to produce a type of gamma-ray burst and the expected remnant is a black hole.
References
Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Tarantula Nebula
Wolf–Rayet stars
Extragalactic stars
?
Dorado
Large Magellanic Cloud |
Cooper v Phibbs [1867] UKHL 1 is an English contract law case, concerning the doctrine of mistake.
Facts
An uncle told his nephew, not intending to misrepresent anything, but being in fact in error, that he (the uncle) was entitled to a fishery. The nephew, after the uncle's death, acting in the belief of the truth of what the uncle had told him, entered into an agreement to rent the fishery from the uncle's daughters. However, the fishery actually belonged to the nephew himself. After the uncle died, the lease was renewed through Mr Cooper’s aunt, via her three daughters, Cooper’s cousins, and Mr Phibbs acting as their agent. The aunt, three sisters, and Mr Cooper, had all assumed that they were entitled to the land through a right of inheritance. In fact, Cooper was truly entitled to an equitable residual interest, because the uncle in his will had granted Cooper a life tenancy. When the sisters asked for the next rental payment, this had transpired and Mr Cooper sought a declaration that he was the owner and that the lease was not enforceable.
Judgment
The House of Lords held that the contract was voidable at Mr Cooper’s instance, on the basis of a mistake that it was possible for the aunt and sisters to lease the land to Mr Cooper. Since Mr Cooper was the true beneficial owner, in equity, it was impossible for a lease to be granted to him in law.
Lord Cranworth said the following.
Lord Westbury agreed, and expressed the issues as follows:
Lord Colonsay concurred.
Significance
The case has been seen as an example of how a contract will be unenforceable if there is a mistake by both parties about the possibility, in law, to perform a contract. This doctrine of mistake in equity was expanded upon by Denning LJ in Solle v Butcher, which emphasised that mistakes in equity would render a contract voidable (at the instance of the claimant), rather than void. However, mistake in equity was held to have been abolished in The Great Peace. This remains a point of controversy.
Notes
References
English contract case law
1867 in British law
1867 in case law
House of Lords cases |
Clivina vittata is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Sloane in 1896.
References
vittata
Beetles described in 1896 |
Walter Martin & Paloma Muñoz, also known as Martin & Muñoz are artists who collaborate to create dystopian sculptures and large photographic works often based on dioramas.
Biography
Walter Martin was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1953. He received his B.A. from Old Dominion University in Virginia and his M.F.A. from Virginia Commonwealth University.
Paloma Muñoz was born in Madrid, Spain in 1965. She received her B.A. from Universidad Complutense de Madrid and UNED. She is the daughter of Spanish artist Paloma Navares and sister of film maker and producer David Muñoz.
Martin and Muñoz have been professional and personal partners since soon after they met in 1993. They live in Milford, Pennsylvania and maintain a studio in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. They work summers at a family retreat in Spain
Work
Walter Martin & Paloma Muñoz are best known for their sculptures and photographs contrasting pristine settings with foreboding scenes infused with liberal doses of gallows humor. In their work they explore the human condition, dystopias and alienation. They focus on the multiple narratives implied in a captured moment. Their most popular works are the Travelers snow globes and large photographs. Of these Ken Johnson wrote: "Like fairy tales or dreams, the tiny tableaus work as psychological metaphors: specifically, a stage everyone is bound to enter when life has lost its warmth and promise, at which point finding a new way becomes desperately urgent". Art critic Carlo McCormick considered their snow globes and derived photographs "a medium of futurity": "The magic here is very much about the premonitory, a way of tapping into the globe as a kind of fortune-teller's crystal ball. The cryptic misfortunes, the intimations of mortality, the panoramic tableaux of misadventure, bad luck, and wrong decisions, are all ultimately a medium of futurity..."
Some of their other projects include Blind House, Spheres and A Cure for All Remedies and Other Short Stories. Curator Dan Cameron has complemented the artists on their ability to juggle both visual and psychological charges: "At the same time that they produce riddle-like parables about modern existence, they do not shirk the artist's obligation to invent a new formulation of tactile and even sensual pleasure."
Martin & Muñoz were commissioned in 2001 by the Arts and Design program of New York City's Metropolitan Transportation Authority to create a permanent installation for the Canal Street Station on the A, C and E trains. Their installation, titled "A Gathering", consists of 181 black bronze birds perched throughout the station. The birds can be found on the token booth, railings, and beams throughout mezzanine.
Aperture Foundation published a monograph of their work with a short story written by Jonathan Lethem, who was inspired by their work.
Martin & Muñoz provided the cover and interior art for the New Pornographers' album Together.
Martin & Muñoz started using augmented reality (AR) technology in 2020 to create and place virtual works, based on their snow globes, in their exhibitions and in user's environments. Their first AR work was presented at the Cervantes Institute in New York in early 2022.
Selected exhibitions
2022, "The Houses Are Blind, but the Trees Can See", Cervantes Institute, New York, NY, USA
2019, "A Mind of Winter", Museum der Moderne Rupertinum, Salzburg, Austria
2019, "Blind House: Utopia and Dystopia in the Age of Radical Transparency", Institute for the Humanities, Ann Arbor, MI
2018, "Esferas", Centro de Arte Contemporaneo Tomás y Valiente, Madrid, Spain
2017, "Snowbound", Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN
2017, "The Times", The FLAG Art Foundation, New York, NY
2015, "Cross-Pollination", Great Hall at the Institute of Fine Art, New York, NY
2014, "Disturbing Innocence", curated by Eric Fischl, The FLAG Art Foundation, New York, NY
2012, "Martin & Muñoz", Virginia MOCA, Virginia Beach, VA
2012, "Night Falls", P.P.O.W Gallery, New York, NY
2011, "White Nights", Institute for the Humanities at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
2011, "Otherworldly", curated by David Revere McFadden, Museum of Arts and Design, NY
2009, "Walter Martin & Paloma Muñoz: Wayward Bound", John Michael Kohler Arts Center, Sheboygan, WI
2008, "Buried 'till Spring", Galeria Isabel Hurley, Málaga, Spain
2008, "Objects and Photographs", Bentley Gallery, Scottsdale, AZ.
2008, "Islands", P.P.O.W, New York, NY
2007, "Photographs", Cerealart Project Room, Philadelphia, PA
2007, "Secrets Sleep In Winter Clothes", MAM Mario Mauroner Contemporary Art, Vienna, Austria
2007, "White Out", ARCO Projects, Madrid, Spain
2005, "Cold Front", P.P.O.W Gallery, New York, NY
2004, "The Frigid Zone", Mario Mauroner Contemporary Art, Salzburg, Austria
2004, "Travelers", Museo de la Universidad de Alicante, Spain
2004, "Travelers", Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, IL
2003, "Travelers", P·P·O·W, New York, NY
2003, "Travelers", Moriarty Gallery, Madrid, Spain
2001, "A Gathering", a permanent installation of 181 bronze birds at Canal Street Station on the A, C and E lines, New York, NY
2001, P·P·O·W, New York, NY
2000, "Loss of Experience", Santa Barbara Contemporary Arts Forum, Santa Barbara, CA
1999, "Dis", Momenta, Brooklyn, New York
1999, Espacio Caja Burgos, Burgos, Spain
1998, P·P·O·W, New York, NY
1997, Alejandro Sales Gallery, Barcelona, Spain
1996, P·P·O·W, New York, NY
1996, Moriarty Gallery, Madrid, Spain
1994, P·P·O·W, New York, NY
Collections
Their work is in the collections of many prominent museums, including the Museum of Contemporary Art Kiasma in Helsinki the Museum der Moderne Salzburg in Austria, the Centro de Arte Contemporaneo de Málaga, Spain, the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid and the Hunter Museum of American Art in Chattanooga, TN. They are also represented in the private collections of other prominent institutions, including the Progressive Art Collection, Bloomberg L.P. and 21c Museum Hotel in Louisville, KT.
Further reading
References
External links
Facebook
Great Big Story Video
Galería Isabel Hurley
Aperture Foundation
Public Art Fund
MTA Arts for Transit
American sculptors
Living people
Spanish sculptors
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Martin Zachary Mondinde Njeuma (1940–2010) was a Cameroonian historian in the field of African history, and one of the first formally trained historians from Cameroon. After over a decade studying abroad, he returned to Cameroon in 1970 to work as the Director of the National Archives in Buea and later as a professor at the University of Yaoundé. He was also the Head of the History Department and the Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences. He later became the pioneer Dean of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Buea.
Early life and education
On 9 April 1940, Njeuma was born in the city of Buea to Isaac Mase Njeuma and Ma Sophie Mondinde. He was the first of ten siblings.
He attended St. Joseph's College Sasse from 1954 to 1958. Between 1959 and 1960, he studied in King's College in Lagos, Nigeria. He later received his BA in History from the University of Ghana in 1964. From 1965 to 1966, he studied French at the University of Paris. In 1969, he received his PhD in African history from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London. In 1972, he also studied German at the Goethe Institute at Grafin.
Career
After returning to Cameroon in 1970, Njeuma assumed the position of Director of National Archives in Buea. He was later recruited as a professor of history, Head of the History department, and Dean of the faculty of Letters and Human sciences at the University of Yaounde in 1981. He eventually became the first Dean of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Buea. He retired in 1995.
Honours
In 1993, Njeuma was made an honorary foreign member of the American Historical Association "for his manifold services to the history profession" becoming the first and only African scholar to receive this award. He was a recipient of the Fulbright–Hays grant, in 1976, 1984 and 1994, and in 1996 the Rockefeller grant. He was a visiting professor of a number of Universities in Europe and the United States. He became influential in the University system in Cameroon.
Personal life
Dorothy Njeuma, also an academic, was Martin's spouse. Among their two children was Christine Njeuma, the first female airline pilot in Central Africa. Christine is also a tennis player, and became the National Champion in Cameroon three years in a row from 1995 to 1997. She also had the opportunity to represent Cameroon in international competitions, including the Billie Jean King Cup. An autobiographical sketch is given in Njeuma 1999
References
Cameroonian non-fiction writers
University of Ghana alumni
University of Paris alumni
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Academic staff of the University of Yaoundé
Historians of Africa
American Historical Association
1940 births
2010 deaths |
Norway's geography is dominated by fjords and islands. As of 2011, the country has thirty-three undersea tunnels, most of which are fixed links. Tunnels are chosen to replace ferries to allow residents of islands and remote peninsulas access to regional centers, where water-crossings are too long for bridges. The Bømlafjord Tunnel is the country's longest, at . Its length is surpassed by that of the Karmøy Tunnel, which opened September 5, 2013.
The Eiksund Tunnel is the world's deepest, reaching below mean sea level. Norway's first subsea tunnel was the Vardø Tunnel, which opened in 1982. Most of the tunnels are built as fixed links, allowing ferry services to be abandoned. In 2010, the first three tunnel in cities, the Bjørvika Tunnel, the Skansen Tunnel and the Knappe Tunnel, were opened, all of which were built as motorways to bypass the city center. Suspended tunnels have been proposed, which could be installed in places too deep for conventional tunnels, such as the Sognefjord.
Current
The following lists all subsea tunnels in use as of 2011. It includes the name, length in meters and feet, depth below mean sea level in meters and feet, the year the tunnel was taken into use with ordinary traffic (which may differ from the year it was officially opened), the road the tunnel carries, the county or counties the tunnel is in, and the municipalities, including any the tunnel passes through. Roads starting with E indicates a European route, while FV indicates a county road without signposted road number; only numbers indicates roadside-numbered county roads which are former national roads.
Under construction
The following tunnels are under construction, but are not yet completed or taken into use.
Proposed
The following includes tunnels which have been proposed and which are either being planned by the Norwegian Public Road Administration, or are in the National Transport Plan 2010–2019. Projects which have been abandoned or have not been subject to public investigations are not included. Several of the most trafficked ferry sections are not currently proposed, as the fjords are too deep to have a tunnel with current technology. As of 2011, there are 160 ferry crossings in the country, the majority of which could potentially be replaced by fixed links. For the authorities, the decision to build new tunnels depends on the length, possibility of building a bridge, depth of the sound or fjord and population in the affected areas. While the first tunnels were mostly part of fixed links to connect island and sealocked communities to the mainland, focus has recently shifted more towards replacing ferries on main roads connecting regions, in particular European Route E39, which runs along the west coast.
References
See also
List of tunnels in Norway
Norway
Norway transport-related lists
Tunnels, subsea |
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Metoncholaimus is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Oncholaimidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
Metoncholaimus albidus
Metoncholaimus amplus
Metoncholaimus antarcticus
Metoncholaimus anthophorus
Metoncholaimus demani
Metoncholaimus denticaudatus
Metoncholaimus filispiculum
Metoncholaimus haplotretos
Metoncholaimus intermedius
Metoncholaimus isopapillatus
Metoncholaimus longiovum
Metoncholaimus medispiculatum
Metoncholaimus moles
Metoncholaimus murphyi
Metoncholaimus paracavatus
Metoncholaimus parasimplex
Metoncholaimus pelor
Metoncholaimus perdisus
Metoncholaimus pristiurus
Metoncholaimus sanmatiensis
Metoncholaimus scissus
Metoncholaimus siddiqii
Metoncholaimus simplex
Metoncholaimus trichospiculum
Metoncholaimus unguentarius
Metoncholaimus uvifer
References
Nematodes |
Karma Tshering is a Bhutanese politician who has been an appointed member of the National Council of Bhutan, since May 2018. Previously, he was an appointed member of the National Council of Bhutan from 2015 to 2018.
References
Members of the National Council (Bhutan)
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
This is a list of episodes from the sixth season of Barnaby Jones.
Broadcast history
The season originally aired Thursdays at 10:00-11:00 pm (EST).
Episodes
Barnaby Jones (season 6) |
Mohammed Aziz Bouattour (; born 1825 in Tunis, died in 1907 in La Marsa), was Prime Minister of the Beylik of Tunis from 1882 to 1907.
Early life
He was born in the family home of the Rue du Pacha in Tunis, the Dar Ben Achour. He came from a patrician family descended from the third caliph Uthman that had originated in Sfax in the before moving to Tunis at the end of the 18th century.
His education at the Zaytuna Mosque began in 1839, and here he studied Arabic and the Sharia from distinguished scholars such as Sidi Ibrahim al-Riahi, Muhammad al-Shazli bin Saleh and Muhammad al-Taher ibn Ashour.
His grandfather and his uncles had reach high positions in the society of Tunis as notaries and in the state chancellery (diwan al-insha’ ). Bouattour followed their example and became secretary of the chancellery under the direction of the first secretary (bach kateb), Mohamed Lasram IV. When Lasram died in 1861, the private secretary of the young Sadok Bey, Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf was approached to succeed him but his reformist leanings and his numerous criticisms counted against his promotion and Mustapha Khaznadar appointment the young Bouattour instead.
Ministerial career
Bouattour became Minister of the Pen on November 26, 1864 and witness the signing of the Treaty of Bardo. The day after the establishment of the French protectorate of Tunisia in 1882, he was appointed Prime Minister of Tunisia, a position he held until 1907. He was the first ethnic Tunisian to occupy this post, as all previous officeholders had been foreign-born mamluks. In office, he deferred to the French Resident General, Paul Cambon, who reorganized and effectively headed the Tunisian administration.
The day after Ali Bey moved to La Marsa, Bouattour bought a large villa there from Sadok Bey's Italian doctor and settled there until his death. He is one of the ministers buried in the Tourbet el Bey mausoleum in the medina of Tunis.
References
1825 births
1907 deaths
Prime Ministers of Tunisia |
Manchester Union Station was a union station in Manchester, New Hampshire for passenger trains passing through the city. It was built in 1898, and by 1910 it was used only for Boston and Maine Railroad trains.
Location
The station was situated a short distance east of the Merrimack River. It was at the foot of Depot Street, and was near the intersection of Canal and Granite streets.
Passenger services
During the 1940s peak of railway travel, passenger service included these named trains:
Ambassador and New Englander, a night train, Boston - Montreal, taking a route through Montpelier and Essex Falls in central Vermont
Alouette and Red Wing, a night train, Boston - Montreal, taking a route through Wells River and St. Johnsbury in northern Vermont; in Newport, Vermont coach passengers on the Red Wing could change to the Connecticut Yankee, bound for Sherbrooke and Quebec City (a sleeping car splitting from the Red Wing directly hitched to the Connecticut Yankee)
It also served trains that in Lowell, Massachusetts connected with the direct New York - Portland, Maine train that bypassed Boston, the State of Maine Express
The station served local trains to Boston via Methuen and Lawrence, Massachusetts, and trains north through Concord, Laconia and Plymouth to Woodsville. Additionally, it served east–west trains to Portsmouth on the Atlantic coast.
Demise
By the end of the 1950s the number of trains had declined, with the unnamed remnant of the Ambassador being the only Montreal-bound train. The station was demolished in 1962. Yet a train still went through the city to White River Junction, Vermont, where connections could be made to the New Haven Railroad's Montrealer. And service continued through Manchester to Concord. Service in Manchester ended in 1967 with the discontinuing of the Boston-Concord train.
References
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1898
Demolished railway stations in the United States
Former railway stations in New Hampshire
Former Boston and Maine Railroad stations
Manchester, New Hampshire
Buildings and structures in Manchester, New Hampshire
MBTA Commuter Rail stations
Railway stations in the United States closed in 1962 |
Mahesh Basnet may refer to
Mahesh Basnet (Nepalese politician, born 1975), former member of parliament for Bhaktapur 2 and Minister for Industry
Mahesh Basnet (Nepalese politician, born 1960), incumbent member of parliament for Ilam 1 |
WCJC (99.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Van Buren, Indiana, United States, the station serves the Ft. Wayne area. The station is currently owned by Hoosier AM/FM LLC, formerly Mid-America Radio Group, Inc.
The station's line-up includes Big John (John Morgan) in the mornings (5–10am), Ben Rutz from 10am to 2pm, And Paisley Dunn (2–7pm) and The Big Time with Whitney Allen from 7pm to Midnight. WCJC carries Fox News in the morning and local news with Ed Thurman throughout the day.
References
External links
CJC
Country radio stations in the United States
Grant County, Indiana |
Elizabeth Kite (1864–6 January 1954) was an American historian specializing in Franco-American history.
Life and work
Elizabeth Sarah Kite was born to a Quaker family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1864. She attended a Quaker boarding school in West Chester, Pennsylvania and then studied abroad for six years, during which time she converted to Catholicism. When she returned to the United States, Kite taught in private schools in three different states. From 1912 to 1918, she participated in psychological research at the Vineland Training School for Feeble-Minded Girls and Boys in Vineland, New Jersey. She helped to research the psychologist and eugenicist Henry H. Goddard's seminal book The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness in which Goddard argued that variety of mental traits were hereditary and society should limit reproduction by people possessing these traits. Kite also translated a book by the French psychologists, Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon, The Intelligence of the Feeble-minded () in 1916. During this time, she began researching Franco-American topics and published Beaumarchais and the War of American Independence in 1917. A dozen years later she wrote L’Enfant and Washington, and in 1931, Correspondence of General Washington and Compte de Grasse was published. Two years later Kite wrote Lebegre Duportail, Comdt. of Engineers, 1777–1783. In 1934, she wrote Lafayette and His Companions in the Victorie, followed by The Catholic Part in the Making of America two years later. Kite was instrumental in placing photostats of documents from the French Revolution in the Library of Congress, for which she was awarded the Légion d’honneur in the grade of Chevalier. Kite died in Wilmington, Delaware on 6 January 1954.
Notes
References
1864 births
1954 deaths
American women historians
Writers from Philadelphia
Historians from Pennsylvania
20th-century American historians
20th-century American women writers
Knights of the Legion of Honour |
Echizen-Takefu Station may refer to:
Echizen-Takefu Station (JR West), a planned railway station on the Hokuriku Shinkansen
Takefu-shin Station, formerly called Echizen-Takefu Station, a railway station on the Fukui Railway Fukubu Line |
Dolenja Vas (; , ) is a village southwest of Cerknica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
Name
The name Dolenja vas literally means 'lower village'. Dolenja vas and names like it are quite common in Slovenia and other Slavic countries, and they indicate that the settlement lay at a lower elevation than nearby settlements. It lies about lower than neighboring Cerknica. The village was known as Niederdorf in German in the past.
History
Ancient settlement of the area is testified by the discovery of the remains of a Hallstatt- or Roman-era fortress on Tržišče Hill above the village. The site included a large cache of weapons. An Urnfield burial site was discovered on the southeast slope of the hill and was excavated in 1877. Southwest of this there was a second fortress, the embankments of which are well preserved.
Mass grave
Dolenja Vas is the site of a mass grave associated with the Second World War. The Balant Valleys Shaft Mass Grave () is located southwest of the settlement. The narrow shaft has been explored to a depth of and contains unidentified remains.
Church
The local church, built southwest of the settlement, is dedicated to Saint Lawrence and belongs to the Parish of Cerknica. The church dates from 1616 and contains a gilded altar dedicated to Saint Margaret.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Dolenja Vas include:
Lojze Perko (1909–1980), artist
Franjo Sterle (1889–1930), painter
References
External links
Dolenja Vas on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Cerknica |
Muscle Beach is a 1948 short documentary film directed by Joseph Strick and Irving Lerner, showing amateur athletes and bodybuilders at the original Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, California. The soundtrack consists of songs sung by Earl Robinson.
Muscle Beach and The Savage Eye (1959) were restored by the Academy Film Archive in 2009 and 2008, respectively. The films premiered in February 2009 at San Francisco Cinematheque.
References
External links
, posted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
1948 films
1948 documentary films
1948 short films
1940s sports films
American short documentary films
American black-and-white films
1940s short documentary films
Films directed by Joseph Strick
Films directed by Irving Lerner
Documentary films about bodybuilding
Venice, Los Angeles
Documentary films about Los Angeles
Films scored by Earl Robinson
1940s English-language films
1940s American films |
USS Thorn (DD-647), a , was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Jonathan Thorn.
Thorn was laid down on 15 November 1942 at Kearny, New Jersey, by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co.; sponsored by Mrs. Beatrice Fox Palmer and launched on 28 February 1943. The ship was commissioned on 1 April 1943 at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
Service history
Atlantic service, May 1943 – January 1944
Following shakedown and trials out of Casco Bay, Maine, Thorn joined Destroyer Squadron 19 (DesRon 19). Between 28 May 1943 and 2 January 1944, the destroyer conducted four round-trip convoy escort mission signs on the New York–Norfolk–Casablanca route — the first trip as part of Task Force 69 (TF69) and the other three as part of TF64. On her last convoy run, she escorted two oilers to Ponta Delgada, in the Azores, in company with — the first ships to enter the port under the terms of the new agreement between the Allies and the government of Portugal.
On 3 January 1944, the day after Thorn arrived back in New York harbor, blew up and sank in Ambrose Channel, astern of Thorn. Calling away the ship's motor whaleboat, Thorn sent: a rescue party to try to recover survivors. Lt. James P. Drake, USNR, and Boatswain's Mate, First Class, E. Wells were awarded Navy and Marine Corps Medals for their bravery in the rescue of three Turner survivors, and three other men received commendation bars for their part in the operation.
Southwest Pacific service, February – September 1944
Late in January, Thorn sailed for the Pacific and transited the Panama Canal on 29 January. Ordered to report to relieve DesRon 1 in New Guinea waters, the destroyer and her sisters of Destroyer Division 37 (DesDiv 37) headed for the southwest Pacific. Thorn was detoured to Guadalcanal and Rendova Islands to escort a detached oiler group. She finally arrived at Milne Bay, New Guinea, on 29 February.
Thorn moved directly from there to Cape Sudest where, on 4 March, the destroyer embarked troops and supplies of the Army's 7th Cavalry and immediately proceeded to Los Negros Island for the invasion of the Admiralties. In addition to making three additional escort trips between Cape Sudest and Seeadler Harbor, Thorn participated in two shore bombardments of Pityilu Island, conducted antisubmarine patrols north of the Admiralties, and acted as a fighter director vessel.
On 10 April — while making a practice torpedo run during preparations for forthcoming Allied landings at Hollandia — Thorn struck an uncharted reef. Damage to her screws and shafts forced the ship back to the West Coast for an overhaul. En route home, she escorted the battleship to Bremerton, Washington. She subsequently escorted the escort carrier from the Puget Sound Navy Yard to San Francisco, California, where she eventually arrived on 22 May.
After completing her overhaul at the Hunter's Point Navy Yard, Thorn conducted refresher training and then escorted the battleship to Hawaii. She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 11 August. She then escorted the battleship to Purvis Bay, Solomon Islands, where she joined escort carrier Task Unit 32.7.1 (TU 32.7.1) and proceeded to the Palaus for the landings on 15 September. During this deployment as screen and plane guard, Thorn rescued the crews of three Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bombers which had "ditched."
Philippines service, October – December 1944
Detached from escort duty at the end of September, Thorn joined the U.S. Seventh Fleet at Manus Island, in the Admiralties, on 3 October. As American forces massed for the initial assaults on the Japanese-occupied Philippine Islands, Thorn joined the fire support screen for TF 77. She entered Leyte Gulf on the night of 18 October and screened battleships and cruisers during their early shore bombardments.
As Allied troops swarmed ashore two days later, the destroyer provided interdiction fire at Abuyog, south of the Leyte beaches, and patrolled the southern end of Leyte Gulf for the following week. At dawn on 21 October, Thorns gunners opened fire on a Japanese Aichi D3A and sent the enemy dive bomber splashing into the sea near the transport area. On 22 October, the destroyer and the cruiser splashed another enemy aircraft.
During the fierce night action at Surigao Strait, Thorn screened the American battleships as they mauled the Japanese force coming through the strait. Originally ordered to conduct a torpedo attack on the Japanese battle line, Thorn and her mates were recalled as the Japanese retreated back south through Surigao Strait. She then formed up with the lefthand flank of cruisers and destroyers and headed south to polish off the cripples from the Japanese force. The American ships came across one Japanese destroyer and smothered it with fire which summarily dispatched it to the depths. During her 17 salvoes, Thorn observed 12 hits.
On the evening of 25 October, Thorns division received orders to lie-to off Homonhon Island, on the east side of Leyte Gulf, to conduct a torpedo attack on a Japanese force expected from the eastward. The enemy, however, had already retired into the San Bernardino Strait that afternoon, and the American destroyer unit was recalled on the 26th.
Ordered to Ulithi, Thorn departed Philippine waters to rejoin the U.S. Third Fleet in the Carolines, for duty with the Fast Carrier Task Force (then designated TF38). From 6 to 24 November Thorn participated in TF 38's strikes against Japanese targets in the Philippines, screening and planeguarding for the fast carriers. She returned to Ulithi with TG 30.8 for duty with a logistics support group. She subsequently resumed planeguarding, this time standing by escort carriers. She assisted during Typhoon Cobra on 18 December. Following this heavy storm — which sank three destroyers — Thorn searched for survivors in the storm area.
Off Japan, January – October 1945
During the carrier strikes on Lingayen in early January 1945 and the subsequent carrier raids on Japanese shipping in the South China Sea, Thorn escorted a fast oiler group for replenishment evolutions with the aircraft carriers. While returning to the Carolines, via Leyte Gulf and the Mindoro Strait, Thorn rescued the crew of a downed TBM and the pilot of a crashed fighter before arriving at Ulithi on 27 January. The destroyer again screened oilers during the operations against Iwo Jima and also entered waters near the strategic island to screen heavy fire support units. On 21 February, Thorn and learned that the escort carrier had been struck by two Japanese kamikazes, and they rushed to aid the stricken ship. However, when they searched the scene the escort carrier had already gone to the bottom.
Two days in Ulithi followed the ship's return, and, on 13 March, Thorn reformed with the U.S. 5th Fleet support group built around the cruiser for the Ryūkyū operations. On 25 March, Thorn and made depth charge attacks on a sonar contact and observed an oil slick after the last drop. They conducted a retirement search before rejoining the formation on 26 March, but could not verify that the contact had actually been a submarine.
Thorn subsequently conducted four escort missions with the replenishment group, escorting oilers into Kerama Retto to fuel the fire support ships off Okinawa and making her first run on 1 April. On the second run, Thorn observed two enemy planes splashing into the sea, victims of combat air patrol (CAP) fighters and ship gunfire. On the third, a kamikaze hit , two miles (3.7 km) astern, while another enemy kamikaze splashed alongside a nearby small patrol craft.
The destroyer then spent two weeks at Ulithi, replenishing for further operations with the logistics support group. She rejoined the oilers and supply ships at sea on 28 May. On 5 June, Thorn rode out her second major typhoon, steaming through the eye of the storm at 05:30. Two days later, she joined a group of four damaged escort aircraft carriers which were retiring to Guam.
On 4 July, soon after screening the CVEs out of the "front lines" for repairs, Thorn resumed work with the replenishment and support group and continued screening and supporting it through the surrender of Japan. During this period, she sank seven drifting mines.
Following Japan's surrender, Thorn steamed off Tokyo Bay until 9 September, when the entire group entered Sagami Wan. The next day, the support group's base was established at the Yokosuka Naval Base, where Thorn remained through the end of September.
Streaming her homeward-bound pennant, Thorn, in company with DesRon 19, steamed out of Tokyo Bay on 8 October and joined the battleships and off Wakayama the following day. On 15 October, the group sailed on the first leg of their homeward bound voyage, subsequently stopping at Singapore, Colombo, and Cape Town. The destroyer eventually arrived in New York on 7 December 1945, via St. Helena and Ascension Islands in the Atlantic. After a month's overhaul, she proceeded to Charleston, South Carolina, where she was decommissioned and placed in reserve on 6 May 1946.
Reserve and disposal
Thorn lay in reserve through the late 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Struck from the Navy list on 1 July 1971, the ship's hulk was authorized for use as a target and was sunk by aircraft from the aircraft carrier on 22 August 1974, approximately 75 miles (140 km) east of Jacksonville, Florida.
Several veterans of Thorn were invited to observe the SinkEx, including George D. Bailey, who had worked on Thorn'''s construction before enlisting in the Navy, and then served in her throughout the war; he observed, “I was at the birth and death of the old 647.”Thorn'' received seven battle stars for her World War II service.
References
External links
navsource.org: USS Thorn
hazegray.org: USS Thorn
USS Thorn Association website
World War II destroyers of the United States
Ships built in Kearny, New Jersey
1943 ships
Gleaves-class destroyers of the United States Navy
Ships sunk as targets
Maritime incidents in 1974
Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean |
An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as "foils" or "transparencies") with the image to be projected either printed or hand-written/drawn. These are placed on the glass platen of the projector, which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens assembly above it (hence, "overhead"). They were widely used in education and business before the advent of video projectors.
Optical system
An overhead projector works on the same principle as a slide projector, in which a focusing lens projects light from an illuminated slide onto a projection screen where a real image is formed. However some differences are necessitated by the much larger size of the transparencies used (generally the size of a printed page), and the requirement that the transparency be placed face up (and readable to the presenter). For the latter purpose, the projector includes a mirror just before or after the focusing lens to fold the optical system toward the horizontal. That mirror also accomplishes a reversal of the image in order that the image projected onto the screen corresponds to that of the slide as seen by the presenter looking down at it, rather than a mirror image thereof. Therefore, the transparency is placed face up (toward the mirror and focusing lens), in contrast with a 35mm slide projector or film projector (which lack such a mirror) where the slide's image is non-reversed on the side opposite the focusing lens.
A related invention for enlarging transparent images is the solar camera. The opaque projector, or episcope is a device which displays opaque materials by shining a bright lamp onto the object from above. The episcope must be distinguished from the diascope, which is a projector used for projecting images of transparent objects (such as films or slides), and from the epidiascope, which is capable of projecting images of both opaque and transparent objects.
Condenser
Because the focusing lens (typically less than in diameter) is much smaller than the transparency, a crucial role is played by the optical condenser which illuminates the transparency. Since this requires a large optical lens (at least the size of the transparency) but may be of poor optical quality (since the sharpness of the image does not depend on it), a Fresnel lens is employed. The Fresnel lens is located at (or is part of) the glass plate on which the transparency is placed, and serves to redirect most of the light hitting it into a converging cone toward the focusing lens. Without such a condenser at that point, most of the light would miss the focusing lens (or else the focusing lens would have to be very large and prohibitively expensive). Additionally, mirrors or other condensing elements below the Fresnel lens serve to increase the portion of the light bulb's output which reaches the Fresnel lens in the first place. In order to provide sufficient light on the screen, a high intensity bulb is used which often requires fan cooling.
Focus adjustment
Overhead projectors normally include a manual focusing mechanism which raises and lowers the position of the focusing lens (including the folding mirror) in order to adjust the object distance (optical distance between the slide and the lens) to focus at the chosen image distance (distance to the projection screen) given the fixed focal length of the focusing lens. This permits a range of projection distances.
Increasing (or decreasing) the projection distance increases (or decreases) the focusing system's magnification in order to fit the projection screen in use (or sometimes just to accommodate the room setup). Increasing the projection distance also means that the same amount of light is spread over a larger screen, resulting in a dimmer image. With a change in the projection distance, the focusing must be readjusted for a sharp image. However, the condensing optics (Fresnel lens) is optimized for one particular vertical position of the lens, corresponding to one projection distance. Therefore, when it is focused for a greatly different projection distance, part of the light cone projected by the Fresnel lens towards the focusing lens misses that lens. This has the greatest effect towards the outer edges of the projected image, so that one typically sees either blue or brown fringing at the edge of the screen when the focus is towards an extreme. Using the projector near its recommended projection distance allows a focusing position where this is avoided and the intensity across the screen is approximately uniform.
Source of illumination
The lamp technology of an overhead projector is typically very simple compared to a modern LCD or DLP video projector. Most overheads use an extremely high-power halogen lamp that may consume up to 750 or 1000 watts. A high-flow blower is required to keep the bulb from melting due to the heat generated, and this blower is often on a timer that keeps it running for a period after the light is extinguished.
Further, the intense heat accelerates failure of the high intensity lamp, often burning out in less than 100 hours, requiring replacement, which is often the most expensive part of owning a projector. In contrast, a modern LCD or DLP projector often uses an Ultra-high-performance lamp which has a higher luminous efficacy and lasts for thousands of hours. A drawback of that technology is the warm up time required for such lamps.
Older overhead projectors used a tubular quartz bulb which was mounted above a bowl-shaped polished reflector. However, because the lamp was suspended above and outside the reflector, a large amount of light was cast to the sides inside the projector body that was wasted, thus requiring a higher power lamp for sufficient screen illumination. More modern overhead projectors use an integrated lamp and conical reflector assembly, allowing the lamp to be located deep within the reflector and sending a greater portion of its light towards the Fresnel lens; this permits using a lower power lamp for the same screen illumination.
A useful innovation for overhead projectors with integrated lamps/reflectors is the quick-swap dual-lamp control, allowing two lamps to be installed in the projector in movable sockets. If one lamp fails during a presentation the presenter can merely move a lever to slide the spare into position and continue with the presentation, without needing to open the projection unit or waiting for the failed bulb to cool before replacing it.
History
Some ancient projectors like the magic lantern can be regarded as predecessors of the overhead projector. The steganographic mirror possibly came closest to how the overhead projector was used.
German Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher's 1645 book Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae included a description of his invention, the "Steganographic Mirror": a primitive projection system with a focusing lens and text or pictures painted on a concave mirror reflecting sunlight, mostly intended for long-distance communication. In 1654 Belgian Jesuit mathematician André Tacquet used Kircher's technique to show the journey from China to Belgium of Italian Jesuit missionary Martino Martini. It is unknown how exactly Tacquet used Kircher's system, but it is imagined that he drew pictures on the projecting mirror while details of the journey were explained.
The "solar microscope" was employed in early photographic experiments with photosensitive silver nitrate by Thomas Wedgwood and Humphry Davy in making the first, but impermanent, enlargements of minute objects.
French physicist Edmond Becquerel developed the first known overhead projection apparatus in 1853. It was demonstrated by French instrument maker and inventor Jules Duboscq in 1866.
Subsequently, in 1857 Baltimore painter David Acheson Woodward' patented a solar enlarging camera, a large instrument operated out-of-doors. It used sunlight and copying lenses for enlargements from a small negative onto large photographically sensitized paper or canvas. Portrait artists found it a boon that provided a guide in making accurate likenesses which they would paint in oils, watercolour or pastel over the enlargement, often made at life size.
An overhead projector designed by American scientist Henry Morton was marketed around 1880 as a "vertical lantern".
The use of transparent sheets for overhead projection, called viewfoils or viewgraphs, was largely developed in the United States. Overhead projectors were introduced into U.S. military training during World War II as early as 1940 and were quickly being taken up by tertiary educators, and within the decade they were being used in corporations. After the war they were used at schools like the U.S. Military Academy. The journal Higher Education of April 1952 noted;
Allied to the US Navy development of the improved lightweight overhead projector was its adaptation of the Ozalid dry printing process, developed in Germany in 1923, to copy training documents and illustrations on projection transparencies, a process simple enough to be carried out in the field and which ensured uniformity of instructional material used.
Overhead projectors were used early on for police work with a cellophane roll over a 9-inch stage, allowing facial characteristics to be rolled across the stage.
As the demand for projectors grew, Buhl Industries was founded in 1953, and became the leading US contributor for several optical refinements for the overhead projector and its projection lens.
Overhead projectors began to be widely used in schools and businesses in the late 1950s and early 1960s, beside the contemporaneously developed carousel slide projectors with a horizontally mounted tray manufactured by Kodak.
In the late 1950s Roger Appeldorn was challenged by his boss at 3M to find a use for the transparencies that were the waste of their color copy process. Appeldorn developed a process for the projection of transparent sheets that led to 3M's first marketable transparency film. The Strategic Air Command base in Omaha was one of the first big clients, using circa 20,000 sheets per month. 3M then decided to develop their own overhead projector instead of the one they had been selling until then, which was produced by an outside manufacturer. It took several prototypes before a cost-effective, small and foldable version could be presented on January 15, 1962. It had a new fresnel lens made with a structured-surface plastic, much better than other plastic lenses and much cheaper than glass.
In 1957, the United States' first Federal Aid to Education program stimulated overhead sales which remained high up to the late 1990s and into the 21st Century.
Use in education
Overhead projectors were widely used in education and business before the advent of computer-based projection.
The overhead projector facilitates an easy low-cost interactive environment for educators. Teaching materials can be pre-printed on plastic sheets, upon which the educator can directly write using a non-permanent, washable color marking pen. This saves time, since the transparency can be pre-printed and used repetitively, rather than having materials written manually before each class.
The overhead is typically placed at a comfortable writing height for the educator and allows the educator to face the class, facilitating better communication between the students and teacher. The enlarging features of the projector allow the educator to write in a comfortable small script in a natural writing position rather than writing in an overly large script on a blackboard and having to constantly hold their arm out in midair to write on the blackboard.
When the transparency sheet is full of written or drawn material, it can simply be replaced with a new, fresh sheet with more pre-printed material, again saving class time vs a blackboard that would need to be erased and teaching materials rewritten by the educator. Following the class period, the transparencies are easily restored to their original unused state by washing off with soap and water.
LCD overhead displays
In the early 1980s–1990s, overhead projectors were used as part of a classroom computer display/projection system. A liquid-crystal panel mounted in a plastic frame was placed on top of the overhead projector and connected to the video output of the computer, often splitting off the normal monitor output. A cooling fan in the frame of the LCD panel would blow cooling air across the LCD to prevent overheating that would fog the image.
The first of these LCD panels were monochrome-only, and could display NTSC video output such as from an Apple II computer or VCR. In the late 1980s, color models became available, capable of "thousands" of colors (16-bit color), for the color Macintosh and VGA PCs. The displays were never particularly fast to refresh or update, resulting in the smearing of fast-moving images, but it was acceptable when nothing else was available.
The Do-It-Yourself community has started using this idea to make low-cost home theater projectors. By removing the casing and backlight assembly of a common LCD monitor, one can use the exposed LCD screen in conjunction with the overhead projector to project the contents of the LCD screen to the wall at a much lower cost than with standard LCD projectors. Due to the mirroring of the image in the head of the overhead projector, the image on the wall is "re-flipped" to where it would be if one was looking at the LCD screen normally.
Decline in use
Overhead projectors were once a common fixture in most classrooms and business conference rooms in the United States, but in the 2000s they were slowly being replaced by document cameras, dedicated computer projection systems and interactive whiteboards. Such systems allow the presenter to project video directly from a computer file, typically produced using software such as Microsoft PowerPoint and LibreOffice. Such presentations can also include animations, interactive components, or even video clips, with ease of paging between slides. The relatively expensive printing or photocopying of color transparencies is eliminated.
The primary reason for this gradual replacement is the deeply ingrained use of computing technology in modern society and the inability of overheads to easily support the features that modern users demand. While an overhead can display static images fairly well, it performs poorly at displaying moving images. The LCD video display panels that were once used as an add-on to an overhead projector have become obsolete, with that combination of display technology and projection optics now optimally integrated into a modern video projector.
The standards of users have also increased, so that a dim, fuzzy overhead projection that is too bright in the center and too dim around the edges is no longer acceptable. The optical focus, linearity, brightness and clarity of an overhead generally cannot match that of a video projector . Video projectors use extremely small picture generation mechanisms, allowing for precision optics that far exceed the plastic fresnel lens' optical performance. They also include additional optics that eliminate the hotspot in the center of the screen directly above the light source, so that the brightness is uniform everywhere on the projection screen.
Critics feel that there are some downsides as these technologies are more prone to failure and have a much steeper learning curve for the user than a standard overhead projector.
See also
Opaque projector
Slide projector
Slide show
Telestrator
Transparency (projection)
Bibliography
References
External links
Projectors
Office equipment
Display devices
Educational technology |
DNA polymerase delta subunit 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD2 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.
Interactions
POLD2 has been shown to interact with PCNA.
References
Further reading
External links |
Kyzylkala, or Kzylkala (Red Fortress), was a medieval trading settlement on the Silk Road, situated close to the mountain Sherkala. The town developed around the 10th century with the arrival of settlers from Khorezm, and declined in the 13th century after the Mongol conquest of Khorezm. This decay was reinforced by changes in the level of the Caspian Sea, which caused caravans to take a new route, bypassing Kyzylkala.
According to al-Khwārizmī Kyzylkala was founded by the invading Sheikh of Khorezm Astsyz after conquering Mankashlak in 1138. Remains of several buildings including fortifications, an extensive caravanserai, mausoleum and three ovens have been identified. Remains of Oguz, Khorezm pottery and stone talc vessels originating from Sultan-Uizdag mountain have been found. But coins have never been found either here or at Sherkala, implying that only bartering occurred.
References
Former populated places in Kazakhstan |
Pasto is the capital of the department of Nariño, in southern Colombia.
Pasto may also refer to:
Places
Pasto, Aibonito, Puerto Rico
Pasto, Coamo, Puerto Rico
Pasto, Guayanilla, Puerto Rico
Pasto, Morovis, Puerto Rico
Other uses
, an ethnic group of Colombia and Ecuador
Pasto language, the extinct language associated with them
Pasto (album), an album by Argentine rock group Babasónicos
See also
Impasto
Pasto-1, an Indonesian music group
Pashto |
Marta Vannucci (10 May 1921 – São Paulo, 15 January 2021) was a Brazilian biologist and professor whose main research in biological oceanography was focused on mangroves and plankton. Marta was the first woman to become a full member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and one of the precursors of oceanography in Brazil.
Early life
Marta was born in Florence, Italy and moved to Brazil with her family when she was still a child in 1927. Her father was a medical doctor and surgeon and a Full Professor at the University of Pádua and the University of Florence. The Vannucci family was a rich and traditional family who left Italy after the fascism ascension. In Brazil, her father worked as a surgeon at the . Marta had a lot of contact with Brazilian scientists due to his father's job.
Career
She studied at the Colégio Dante Alighieri and the University of São Paulo. She earned her PhD in 1944 and continued working as an assistant for Ernst Marcus, a professor at the Zoology Department, until 1950.
Marta was invited to be part of the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia, the first institute of oceanography research in Brazil, which was part of the Agriculture Department. Together with Wladimir Besnard, who was the institute director, they shared the views that the institute should focus more than just fishing but on oceanographic science research in general. That is why they worked to get the institute incorporated into the University of São Paulo. The entire process happened in nine months, and the institute was renamed Instituto Oceanográfico, becoming a research institute at the University of São Paulo in 1951.
Under the knowledge and influence of Wladimir Besnard, who was studying in Cananéia, a region rich in mangroves, Marta had an opportunity to specialise in mangrove ecosystems. In 1956, Marta earned a scholarship from UNESCO to research at the University of Marine Biological Station Millport, having the opportunity to visit other research centres in Scotland and learn techniques to study plankton.
She became the first woman director of the Instituto Oceanográfico in 1964. During her management, she organised post-graduate courses, started the construction of the institute building at the University of São Paulo, and negotiated the purchase and followed the construction of the first Brazilian oceanography research ship, which was named to honour the institute's first director, Wladimir Besnard. And in 1966, she was the first woman to become a full member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.
From 1969 to 1971, she worked for UNESCO at the Indian Ocean Biological Centre at Cochin in India as a curator of the international Indian Ocean expedition plankton collections. She moved to Mexico in 1972 to work at the Universidad Autónoma de México and returned to India in 1974 as the UNESCO director regional officer in Delhi. From 1982 to 1990, she became the chief technical advisor of UNDP/UNESCO programmes on mangroves in the Asian and Pacific regions.
In 1989, Marta published a book about the relationship of humans and mangroves for non-specialists called "The Mangroves and Us: a synthesis of Insights." The first Portuguese edition of the book was published in 1999. For 15 years, Marta was invited by Dr Shigeyuki Baba to teach a mangrove course to international students in Japan. Through this work, she had the chance to contribute to a collaborative publication of a world mangrove atlas.
From 1990 to 1999, Marta was the vice president of the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, becoming the acting President in 1999 and, in the following year, an Honorary adviser for the Society.
In 1997, she received, from the Brazilian President, the Grand Cross of the Order of Scientific Merit.
Marta became internationally known for her work in biological oceanography, with over 100 published scientific papers. Many scientists who knew Marta would call her "Mother of Mangroves".
Marta retired from UNESCO in 1989.
Personal life
Marta got married twice and had two sons, Érico and Dino. During an interview with the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, she stated it "is actually difficult to reconcile the life of a wife and mother with that of a scientist".
Marta died on 15 January 2021 in São Paulo at 99 years old.
References
1921 births
2021 deaths
Brazilian scientists
Brazilian women scientists |
The Jatco 5R01, also called RE5R01A (Nissan part) or JR502E/JR503E (Jatco part), was a 5-speed automatic transmission from Jatco and Nissan Motors for use in rear wheel drive vehicles with longitudinal engines.
Applications
Nissan Cedric
Nissan Gloria
Nissan Cefiro
Nissan Skyline
Nissan Laurel
BMW 5 Series (E39) Japanese and South African models (only pre-facelift)
BMW 3 Series (E36) Japanese and South African models
BMW 5 Series (E34) Japanese and South African models
See also
List of Jatco Transmissions
5R01 |
The Bhāgīrathī (Pron: /ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. In the Hindu faith, history, and culture, the Bhagirathi is considered the source stream of the Ganges. However, in hydrology, the other headstream Alaknanda, is considered the source stream on account of its great length and discharge. The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda join at Devprayag in Garhwal and are thereafter known as the Ganges.
Etymology
Bhagiratha was a descendant of King Sagara of the Suryavanshi, or Surya Dynasty. He played an important role in the descent of the Ganges. The story of Bhagiratha is narrated in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas.
Wanting to show his sovereignty, King Sagara performed a ritual known as ashvamedha, where a horse was left to wander for one year. However, Indra stole the horse to prevent the ritual from being successful. Learning that the horse had disappeared, King Sagara sent his sixty thousand sons to look for it. They eventually found the horse at the ashram of sage Kapila. Thinking that sage Kapila had stolen the horse, the sons interrupted him while he was in deep meditation. This infuriated sage Kapila and with his ascetic's gaze burned all sixty thousand sons to ashes. King Sagara sent his grandson, Anshuman, to ask sage Kapila what could be done to bring deliverance to their souls.
Sage Kapila advised that only the water of the Ganges, which flowed in the heavens, could liberate them. Bhagiratha, Anshuman's grandson, undertook ascetic practice and won the favour of Brahma and Shiva. Brahma allowed Ganga to descend on earth, while Shiva broke Ganga's fall in the coils of his hair so that her force would not shatter the earth.
When Ganga descended, Bhagiratha took her through the mountains, foothills, the plains of India, and to the sea where she liberated the sixty thousand sons of King Sagara. Due to Bhagiratha's role in the descent of the Ganges, the source stream came to be known as Bhagirathi.
Course
The headwaters of the Bhagirathi River are formed at Gaumukh at the foot of the Gangotri glacier. From Gaumukh the river reaches the town of Gangotri. From Gangotri, it travels down a deep gorge and arrives at Bhaironghati. The river continues to travel to Harsil and crosses the Bhagirathi Granite. It then enters a wide valley and meets two tributaries near Jhala. The river continues to flow downwards to Uttarkashi and then through Dharasu, Chinyalisaur, and the old town of Tehri. From Tehri, the river reaches Devprayag via the Himalayas. At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi River converges with the Alaknanda River and travels onward as the Ganges River.
The Bhagirathi River is mythologically known to be the source stream for the Ganges River. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is the source stream for the Ganges River due to its length and discharge. The Alaknanda River, including its tributaries, is and the Bhagirathi River, including its tributaries, is .
Tributaries
The Bhagirathi River is joined by several tributaries; these are, in order from the source:
Kedar Ganga at Gangotri (elevation ),
Jadh Ganga at Bhaironghati (elevation ),
Kakora Gad and Jalandhari Gad near Harsil (elevation ),
Siyan Gad near Jhala (elevation ),
Asi Ganga near Uttarkashi (elevation ),
Bhilangna River near Old Tehri (elevation ).
The Bhilangna itself rises at the foot of the Khatling Glacier (elevation ) approximately south of Gaumukh.
The controversial Tehri dam lies at the confluence of the Bhagirathi River and the Bhilangna, at , near Tehri. Chaukhamba I is the highest point of the Bhagirathi basin.
Dams
There are 18 dams along the Bhagirathi River , either in operation, under construction or planned. These are, in order from the source:
Notes
References
available on microfilm
External links
Rivers of Uttarakhand
Rivers of West Bengal
International rivers of Asia
Sacred rivers
Rigvedic rivers
Bhagirathi
Ganges basin |
"Go" is a song by American rock band Pearl Jam, released in October 1993 as the first single from the band's second studio album, Vs. (1993). Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music primarily written by drummer Dave Abbruzzese. The song peaked at number three on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart and number two in New Zealand (their highest-charting song there alongside "Spin the Black Circle"), and it received a Grammy nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 1995 Grammy Awards. The song was included on Pearl Jam's 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003).
Origin and recording
"Go" was one of the songs the band produced during the first week of recording for Vs. The main guitar riff for "Go" was written by drummer Dave Abbruzzese. He initially wrote the music for the song using an acoustic guitar. Abbruzzese said, "With "Go", I just happened to pick up the guitar at the right moment. Stone asked what I was playing and started playing it, then Jeff started playing it, and Eddie started singing with it, and it turned into a song."
Guitarist Stone Gossard added the siren-like guitar part. Gossard on the song:
That song went through a cool evolution that goes back to what we've been saying about creative input. Dave played us the two main parts, that BAM-BAM-BAM groovy chordal riff bit and then the main ascending riff in more of an acoustic vein. Then, when he got behind the drums, everyone turned up real loud and it evolved into something else, a little more hard core.
Guitarist Mike McCready played a yellow Telecaster on the song. McCready threw the guitar on the ground at the end of the take, which can be heard on the recorded version. McCready on the song:
That solo on "Go" was probably the second of three or four takes. And I do have a problem recreating it live, because I wasn't thinking about it at all when we did it in the studio. So on stage, I get into this mode where I'll start to think while I'm playing, "Okay, this sounds like the album, and I want to emulate that." But to really capture that feel of being in the moment, I have to be in contact with the emotion that's running through me RIGHT NOW.
Lyrics
In Kim Neely's book Five Against One: The Pearl Jam Story, Abbruzzese quips that vocalist Eddie Vedder told him he wrote the lyrics for "Go" about his pickup truck. This may be a clever joke on the chorus of the song "Please don't go on me," but the full lyrics of the song suggest it is of a much more serious nature.
Release and reception
While the "Go" single was released commercially to international markets in 1993, the commercial single was not released in the United States until June 27, 1995, and was only available as a more expensive import version beforehand. "Go" was released as a single in 1993 with a previously unreleased B-side titled "Alone", of which an alternate version can also be found on the compilation album, Lost Dogs (2003). The song peaked at number three on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart and number eight on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. At the 1995 Grammy Awards, "Go" received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance.
Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. The UK release of this single included a bonus cassette featuring a live version of the Vs. track "Animal", which was distributed free with all the vinyl "Go" singles. This made the song ineligible to reach the UK top 40, and it stalled at number 190. It is unknown how many sales the single generated, but as this was the case Pearl Jam essentially missed out on breaking into the UK's top ten single sales with this release ("Spin the Black Circle" eventually reached number 10 in November 1994, the band's only UK top-ten single). "Go" peaked at number 22 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, number 21 in the Netherlands, and number five in Norway. In New Zealand, the single reached number two to become Pearl Jam's highest-charting song in that country. "Spin the Black Circle" matched this peak in 1994.
Chris True of AllMusic said that "Go" "can at times feel like a jam, but a jam that has stripped all the useless meanderings and solos in favor of sheer pace." He added, "For them to open up their second album, Vs. with this rather aggressive song...was an obvious statement by Pearl Jam that they were no longer the band of "Jeremy" fame. This was a band intent on writing its own rule book, taking over their way."
Live performances
"Go" was first performed live at the band's May 13, 1993, concert in San Francisco, California at Slim's Café. On April 3, 1994, in Atlanta, Georgia at the Fox Theatre, Vedder dedicated a live version of the song to Kurt Cobain, days after the Nirvana frontman had escaped from rehab. Cobain's body would be found five days later, on April 8; he is believed to have died on April 5. Live performances of "Go" can be found on the "Dissident"/Live in Atlanta box set, the live album Live on Two Legs, various official bootlegs, and the Live at the Gorge 05/06 box set. A performance of the song is also included on the DVD Touring Band 2000. When played live, the percussive intro at the beginning of the song is omitted, with the band launching straight into the main chord progression.
Track listings
All songs were written by Dave Abbruzzese, Jeff Ament, Stone Gossard, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder.
CD (US, Australia, Austria, Canada, and Europe) and Cassette (Australia, Indonesia, and Thailand)
"Go" – 3:13
"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" (acoustic) – 3:18
"Alone" – 3:35
CD (Austria and The Netherlands)
"Go" – 3:13
"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" (acoustic) – 3:18
CD (UK) and 12-inch vinyl (UK)
"Go" – 3:13
"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" (acoustic) – 3:18
"Alone" – 3:35
Included a bonus cassette featuring "Animal" (live) recorded at the MTV Video Music Awards on September 2, 1993.
Charts
References
External links
Lyrics at pearljam.com
[ Review of "Go"] at Allmusic
1993 singles
1993 songs
Epic Records singles
Pearl Jam songs
Alternative metal songs
Song recordings produced by Brendan O'Brien (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Dave Abbruzzese
Song recordings produced by Eddie Vedder
Song recordings produced by Jeff Ament
Song recordings produced by Mike McCready
Song recordings produced by Stone Gossard
Songs written by Dave Abbruzzese
Songs written by Eddie Vedder
Songs written by Jeff Ament
Songs written by Mike McCready
Songs written by Stone Gossard |
Jerry Franklin "B. J." Young II (July 23, 1977 – November 30, 2005) was an American professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the sixth round, 157th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He played one game in the National Hockey League with Red Wings.
Young played junior hockey with the Tri-City Americans and Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League (WHL). While with Red Deer he led the WHL in goal scoring during the 1996–97 season and was named to the WHL East First All-Star Team. Young spent the majority of his career in the minor leagues playing for the Adirondack Red Wings and Cincinnati Mighty Ducks of the American Hockey League, the Manitoba Moose of the International Hockey League, and the Anchorage/Alaska Aces in both the West Coast Hockey League and ECHL. Born in Anchorage, Alaska Young represented the United States at the 1997 World Junior Championships, winning a silver medal.
Career
Amateur
Young began playing hockey at age four, and by age eight, he was playing travel ice hockey for the Alaska All-Stars. He began his junior career with the Tri-City Americans of the Western Hockey League (WHL). In his first season with the Americans Young scored 19 goals and 43 points in 54 games, adding another goal and two points in two playoff games. During the 1994–95 season, his second, with Tri-City Young was traded to the Red Deer Rebels. Though he only scored 23 points in 51 games between the two teams, Americans' general manager Dennis Beyak stated it was a deal that could come back to haunt them. In his first full season with Red Deer Young had a breakout season scoring 49 goals and 94 points. He followed up by scoring 58 goals and 114 points in 63 games during the 1996–97 season. The goal total led the WHL and he was named to the WHL East First All-Star Team. In the off-season Young was drafted by the National Hockey League's (NHL) Detroit Red Wings in the sixth round, 157th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.
Professional
After being drafted Young signed three-year two-way contract with the Red Wings. He played in six preseason games for the Red Wings, but with Detroit being the defending Stanley Cup champions he was unable to make the team out of camp. He began his professional career with Detroit's American Hockey League affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings. Young played two seasons in Adirondack scoring 67 points in 123 games. In his third professional season Young joined the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks who he led in goals with 25. He also made his NHL debut during the season playing one game for the Red Wings. He played two shifts in the game without registering a point. It was the only NHL game of his career.
In the off-season Young re-signed with Detroit. He returned to Cincinnati but after 42 games Detroit moved Young to the Manitoba Moose in the International Hockey League (IHL). Young finished the year scoring 22 goals and 51 points in 75 games between the two teams. The following season he signed with his hometown Anchorage Aces in the West Coast Hockey League (WCHL). He was named team captain for the 2002–03 season. After which he took a year off from hockey for personal and family matters. Prior to the 2004–05 season he was given a tryout to return to the Aces, now called the Alaska Aces playing in the ECHL. He made the team due in part to making an impression on the coaching staff after not quitting on a difficult conditioning skate. He recorded 13 goals and 35 points in 48 games in his final professional season.
International
Young represented the United States at the 1997 World Junior Championships in Geneva, Switzerland. Young scored two goals and four points in six games helping the US win the silver medal.
Death
Young was killed in a single-car accident in Vancouver, British Columbia on November 30, 2005, when the car he was driving veered off the road, struck a tree and hit a light pole.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards
Western Hockey League East First All-Star Team - 1997
See also
List of Detroit Red Wings draft picks
List of players who played only one game in the NHL
References
External links
1977 births
2005 deaths
Accidental deaths in British Columbia
Adirondack Red Wings players
Alaska Aces (ECHL) players
American men's ice hockey right wingers
Anchorage Aces players
Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players
Detroit Red Wings draft picks
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Anchorage, Alaska
Manitoba Moose (IHL) players
Red Deer Rebels players
Road incident deaths in Canada
Tri-City Americans players |
RMS Lucania was a British ocean liner owned by the Cunard Steamship Line Shipping Company, built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Govan, Scotland, and launched on Thursday, 2 February 1893.
Identical in dimensions and specifications to her sister ship and running mate , RMS Lucania was the joint largest passenger liner afloat when she entered service in 1893. On her second voyage, she won the prestigious Blue Riband from the other Cunarder to become the fastest passenger liner afloat, a title she kept until 1898.
Power plant and construction
Lucania and Campania were partly financed by the Admiralty. The deal was that Cunard would receive money from the Government in return for constructing vessels to admiralty specifications and also on condition that the vessels go on the naval reserve list to serve as armed merchant cruisers when required by the government. The contracts were awarded to the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, which at the time was one of Britain's biggest producers of warships. Plans were soon drawn up for a large, twin-screw steamer powered by triple expansion engines, and construction began in 1891, just 43 days after Cunards' order.
Lucania and Campania had the largest triple-expansion engines ever fitted to a Cunard ship. These engines were also the largest in the world at the time, and still rank today amongst the largest of the type ever constructed. They represent the limits of development for this kind of technology, which was superseded a few years later by turbine technology. In height, the engines were 47 feet, reaching from the double-bottom floor of the engine room almost to the top of the superstructure – over five decks. Each engine had five cylinders. There were two high-pressure cylinders, each measuring in diameter; one intermediate-pressure cylinder measuring in diameter; and two low-pressure cylinders, each measuring in diameter. They operated with a stroke of . Steam was raised from 12 double-ended scotch boilers, each measuring in diameter and having eight furnaces. There was also one single-ended boiler for auxiliary machinery and one, smaller, donkey boiler. Boiler pressure was 165 lb, and enabled the engines to produce , which translated to an average speed of , and a record speed of knots. Normal operating speed for the engines was about 79 rpm.
Each engine was located in a separate watertight engine compartment. In case of a hull breach in that area, only one engine room would then be flooded, and the ship would still have use of the adjacent engine. In addition to this Lucania had 16 transverse watertight compartments, with watertight doors that could be manually closed on command from the telegraph on the bridge. She could remain afloat with any two compartments flooded.
Passenger accommodation
In their day, both ships offered the most luxurious first-class passenger accommodations available. According to maritime historian Basil Greenhill, in his book Merchant Steamships, the interiors of Campania and Lucania represented Victorian opulence at its peak – an expression of a highly confident and prosperous age that would never be quite repeated on any other ship. Greenhill remarked that later vessels' interiors degenerated into "grandiose vulgarity, the classical syntax debased to mere jargon".
All the first-class public rooms, and the en-suite staterooms of the upper deck, were generally heavily panelled, in oak, satinwood or mahogany; and thickly carpeted. Velvet curtains hung aside the windows and portholes, while the furniture was richly upholstered in matching design. The "French Renaissance" style was applied to the forward first-class entrance hall, whilst the 1st class smoking room was in "Elizabethan style", comprising heavy oak panels surrounding the first open fireplace ever to be used aboard a passenger liner.
Perhaps the finest room in the vessels was the first class dining saloon, over high and measuring long by wide. Over the central part of this room was a well that rose through three decks to a skylight. It was done in a style described as "modified Italian style", with a coffered ceiling in white and gold, supported by ionic pillars. The panelled walls were done in Spanish mahogany, inlaid with ivory and richly carved with pilasters and decorations.
Wireless history
On 15 June 1901 Lucania became the first Cunard liner to be fitted with a Marconi wireless system. Cunard made a long trial of the installation, making their second installation to the RMS Campania on 21 September. Shortly after these installations, the two ships made history by exchanging the first wireless transmitted ice bulletin.
In October 1903, Guglielmo Marconi chose Lucania to carry out further experiments in wireless telegraphy, and was able to stay in contact with radio stations in Nova Scotia and Poldhu. Thus it became possible to transmit news to Lucania for the whole duration of the Atlantic crossing. On 10 October, Lucania made history again by publishing an onboard news-sheet based on information received by wireless telegraphy whilst at sea. The newspaper was called Cunard Daily Bulletin and quickly became a regular and successful publication.
Final days
Lucania and Campania served as Cunard's major passenger liners for 14 years, during which time both liners were superseded in speed and size by a succession of four-funnelled German liners, starting with the in 1897. The German competition necessitated the construction of replacements for the two Cunarders, which came to fruition in 1907 with the appearance of the and . It was soon decided that Lucania was no longer needed, and her last voyage was on 7 July 1909, after which she was laid up at the Huskisson Dock in Liverpool. On the evening of 14 August 1909, she was badly damaged by a fire and partially sank at her berth. Five days later she was sold for scrap and the contents of her interior auctioned.
See also
Ships built at Govan
References
External links
Cunard Line hall poster
Film footage of Lucania circa 1901.
|-
Ships built on the River Clyde
Ships of the Cunard Line
Blue Riband holders
Passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Govan
Steamships
1893 ships
Maritime incidents in 1909
Ship fires
Shipwrecks of the River Mersey |
The Bridges Point 24 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Joel White as a daysailer and cruiser and first built in 1985.
Production
The design was built by Bridges Point Boatyard, starting in 1985 and later by the Bridges Point Boat Company in Bar Harbor, Maine, United States and remains in production.
The boat was originally a 1984 design commission by Wade Dow, a local lobster fisherman, who wanted a boat to sail in the off-season, with an emphasis on traditional aesthetics. Dow put the boat into production and produced 80 examples over 25 years. In 2008, with waning demand, the molds were put into storage.
In 2012 Dow offered the molds to Jock Williams of the John Williams Boat Company to restart production, but Williams declined. The molds were instead purchased by an employee of his, Bill Wright, the production department manager, who formed the Bridges Point Boat Company to produce the design.
Design
The Bridges Point 24 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of seven-layer, hand laid fiberglass, with extensive wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig; a spooned, raked stem; a raised counter, angled transom; a lazarette; a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed long keel. It displaces and carries of lead ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the standard keel.
The boat has a choice of inboard Yanmar diesel engines or gasoline engines, or outboard motors for docking and maneuvering. If an outboard motor is fitted it is mounted in a stern well.
The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two quarter berths aft, under the cockpit. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove and a sink, with an icebox optional. The head is portable type. Cabin headroom is .
During early production a daysailer or cruiser option was offered. The former has a longer cockpit and smaller cabin. Kits for amateur completion were also offered.
The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 246 and a hull speed of .
Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club that organizes racing events, the Bridges Point Sailing Club.
In a 2010 review of the Bridges Point Boatyard model, Steve Henkel wrote, "Best features: This boat features very high quality construction in the Maine boatyard tradition. If you buy new, you can have pretty much whatever kind of boat you want. Worst feature: New or used, you'd better bring your checkbook with
you—the one for the account with lots of disposable cash."
See also
List of sailing boat types
References
External links
Old official Bridges Point Boatyard website archives on Archive.org
Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Joel White
Sailboat types built by Bridges Point Boat Company
Sailboat types built by Bridges Point Boatyard |
Giraffe, Erdmännchen & Co. is a German television series.
External links
Television series about mammals
2006 German television series debuts
2010s German television series
German-language television shows
Television shows set in Frankfurt
Das Erste original programming |
You're Me is an album by pianist Tommy Flanagan and bassist Red Mitchell.
Music and recording
The album was recorded on February 24, 1980, in New York City. The version of "Milestones" recorded is not the 1958 composition, but an earlier tune.
Track listing
"You're Me" (Red Mitchell) – 4:31
"Darn That Dream" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Edgar DeLange) – 8:11
"What Am I Here For?" (Duke Ellington, Frankie Laine) – 4:50
"When I Have You" (Mitchell) – 7:31
"All the Things You Are" (Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II) – 6:45
"Milestones" (Miles Davis) – 4:59
"Whisper Not" (Benny Golson) – 6:54
"There Will Never Be Another You" (Harry Warren, Mack Gordon) – 5:14
Personnel
Tommy Flanagan – piano
Red Mitchell – bass
References
1980 albums
Tommy Flanagan albums |
Acmaeodera tiquilia is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
tiquilia
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1998 |
The RAAF Washington Flying Unit was a temporary Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) unit formed to ferry Australia's first twelve General Dynamics F-111C aircraft from the United States to Australia. It was formed in March 1973 and disbanded in July of that year after the ferry flights were completed.
History
The RAAF Washington Flying Unit was formed at McClellan Air Force Base, California on 31 March 1973 under the command of Group Captain John Newham. The unit was tasked with ferrying the RAAF's first twelve (out of a total order of 24) F-111Cs to Australia. The unit comprised twelve F-111 crews, each consisting of a pilot and a navigator. Newham was also the commanding officer of No. 82 Wing, which was to operate the F-111Cs once they arrived in Australia.
Following their arrival in the United States, the Australian airmen were provided with training on the F-111 by General Dynamics. Once this was completed, they ferried F-111s from the company's facilities at Fort Worth to McClellan Air Force Base.
The first ferry flight of six F-111Cs departed McClellan Air Force Base in May 1973. The aircraft first flew to Hickam Air Force Base where they refueled. On 30 May they flew to Pago Pago International Airport. The next day they departed for RAAF Base Amberley, and arrived there on 1 June (Australian time). The remaining six F-111Cs began their ferry flight on 23 July, and used the same route as the first. Once this flight was completed and all twelve F-111Cs had arrived in Australia, the Washington Flying Unit was disbanded on 26 July 1973. The RAAF's other twelve F-111Cs were ferried to Australia in two flights later that year, which arrived at Amberley on 28 September and 4 December.
Despite the unit's name, the Washington Flying Unit was not the RAAF unit which was responsible for operating two Washington B.1 (B-29 Superfortress) heavy bombers in the early 1950s. These aircraft were operated by the RAAF's Aeronautical Research and Development Unit.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Washington
Military units and formations established in 1973
Cold War history of Australia |
The Wilbur Cross Highway is the designation for a freeway beginning at Wethersfield, running along a portion of Connecticut Route 15 and U.S. Route 5 to East Hartford, Connecticut, and then continuing northeast as a section of Interstate 84, part of which is also cosigned as U.S. Route 6. The freeway ends at a junction with the tolled Massachusetts Turnpike in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. The entire route was formerly signed as Route 15.
Route description
Route 15 and U.S. Route 5
The Wilbur Cross Highway begins as a Y-interchange with the Berlin Turnpike in Wethersfield. South of here, Route 15 and U.S. Route 5 (US 5) continue south along the turnpike. The highway proceeds in a northeasterly direction and has an interchange with Route 99 (Old Route 9) before entering Hartford and reaching interchanges with Interstate 91 (I-91) and the Hartford–Brainard Airport access road. The highway then crosses the Connecticut River by way of the Charter Oak Bridge, curving to a more east-west direction, before merging into the median of I-84 in East Hartford.
Interstate 84
US 6 is cosigned with I-84 on the Wilbur Cross Highway from exit 57 in East Hartford to exit 60 in Manchester. I-84 intersects one of the remnants of an abandoned project, I-384, as part of a three-mile (4.8 km) series of complex interchanges in Manchester including the end of the US 6 concurrency at exit 60, and a connection to the only built as originally planned portion of I-291 at exit 61.
Beyond Manchester, I-84 climbs steadily from the Connecticut River Valley and passes through the Tolland County towns of Vernon, Tolland, and Willington. After briefly entering the Windham County town of Ashford, it reenters Tolland County in the town of Union. After exit 74 (Route 171), I-84 crosses the Massachusetts state line. All lanes eventually enter into Sturbridge, but the westbound lanes pass briefly through the town of Holland before entering Sturbridge. Eight miles (13 km) later, I-84 reaches its eastern terminus at the Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90).
History
The highway was built in the 1940s, before the Interstate Highway era, as a continuation of the Wilbur Cross Parkway, which itself is a continuation of the Merritt Parkway – all of which were once signed Route 15. Originally, the parkways were to span continuously from Greenwich to Union, but with the opening of Interstate 91, the planned segment between Meriden and Hartford was never built, and Route 15 was instead routed along the Berlin Turnpike.
In 1958, the highway north of the Charter Oak Bridge was cosigned as I-84, as part of the interstate highway's planned route through Connecticut. In 1968, this designation was moved to a proposed highway from Hartford to Providence, and the then-cosigned portion with Route 15 was renumbered to I-86. The Route 15 designation remained cosigned with I-86 section south of the Massachusetts border until October 1, 1980, when it was truncated to its current northern terminus at exit 57 of I-84. The I-84 designation was restored in 1984 when the planned highway to Providence was cancelled.
From 1948 to 1982, US 44 was signed along the highway from current exit 60 to current exit 69.
Charter Oak Bridge
The Charter Oak Bridge, which carries the highway across the Connecticut River, has been operational since 1942. Due to the bridge's failing condition and the clogging on the nearby Bissell and Founders Bridges in the late 1980s, the Charter Oak Bridge and approach was completely rebuilt in 1991 to its current form.
Exit list
Exit numbers correspond to those of Route 15 and Interstate 84. Old exit numbers correspond to when the I-84 was signed as Route 15.
References
State highways in Connecticut
Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts)
Transportation in Hartford County, Connecticut |
Manhattan (YTB‑779/YT-800) is a United States Navy named for Manhattan, New York.
Construction
The contract for Manhattan was awarded 31 January 1964. She was laid down on 1 October 1964 at Marinette, Wisconsin, by Marinette Marine and launched 15 July 1965.
Operational history
Assigned to the Pacific Fleet, Manhattan transited the Panama Canal and steamed to Hawaii for duty in the US Naval Shipyard at Pearl Harbor.
Manhattan served in Viet Nam between November 1966 and September 1968.
After Viet Nam, Manhattan was assigned to Naval Submarine Base Bangor.
Stricken from the Navy Directory 1 October 2004, Manhattan was sold by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS), 23 August 2005, to Grant Westmoreland, LMW Investments Inc. for $151,888.
Ex-Manhattan was converted to twin z-drive and reacquired by the US Navy, 7 October 2008 and was designated as unnamed yard tug YT-800.
Notes
References
External links
– name misspelled at ABS
Natick-class large harbor tugs
Ships built by Marinette Marine
1965 ships |
The Sultanate of Darfur () was a pre-colonial state in present-day Sudan. It existed from 1603 to 24 October 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr, and again from 1898 to 1916, when it was occupied by the British and the Egyptians and was integrated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. At its peak in the late 18th and early 19th century it stretched all the way from Darfur in the west to Kordofan and the western banks of the White Nile in the east, giving it the size of present-day Nigeria.
History
Origins
Darfur is composed mostly of semi-arid plains that cannot support a dense population. The one exception is the area in and around the Jebal Marra mountains. It was from bases in these mountains that a series of groups expanded to control the region. According to written records the Daju and the 14th century migrants the Tunjur were the earliest powers in Darfur. The transition of power from the Daju to the Tunjur was facilitated through marriage.
Eventually the Tunjur began marrying amongst the Fur people producing Sultan Dali, a celebrated figure in Darfur histories, who was on his mother's side a Fur, and thus brought the dynasty closer to the people it ruled. Dali divided the country into provinces and established a penal code which, under the title of Kitab Dali or Dali's Book, is still preserved, and differs in some respects from Sharia law. His grandson Suleiman (or "Sulayman", usually distinguished by the Fur epithet Solon, meaning "the Arab" or "the Red") reigned from 1603 to 1637, and was a great warrior and a devoted Muslim. Suleiman Solon is considered the founder of the Keira dynasty and the Sultanate of Darfur. During the 17th century, the Keira sultans introduced the feudal hakura system into Darfur.
Soleiman's grandson, Ahmed Bukr (c.1682 – c.1722), made Islam the religion of the state, and increased the prosperity of the country by encouraging immigration from Bornu and Bagirmi.
Civil War (1722–1786)
The death of Bukr initiated a long-running conflict over the succession. On his deathbed, Bukr stated that each of his many sons should rule in turn. Once on the throne, each of his sons instead hoped to make their own son heir, leading to an intermittent civil war that lasted until 1785/1786 (AH 1200). Due to these internal divisions, Darfur declined in importance and engaged in wars with Sennar and Wadai.
Peak
One of the most capable of the monarchs during this period was Sultan Mohammed Terab, one of Ahmad Bukr's sons. He led a number of successful campaigns. In 1785/1786 (AH 1200), he led an army against the Funj, but got no further than Omdurman. Here he was stopped by the Nile, and found no means of getting his army across the river. Unwilling to give up his project, Terab remained at Omdurman for months and the army began to grow disaffected. According to some stories Terab was poisoned by his wife at the instigation of disaffected chiefs, and the army returned to Darfur. While he tried to have his son succeed him, the throne instead went to his brother Abd al-Rahman.
Sultan Abd-er-Rahman established a new capital at al-Fashir, meaning "the capital", in 1790. The capital had formerly been moved from place to place then at another location called Kobb. During his reign Abd-er-Rahman, Napoleon Bonaparte was campaigning in Egypt. In 1799 Abd-er-Rahman wrote to congratulate the French general on his defeat of the Mamluks. Bonaparte replied by asking the sultan to send him 2,000 strong and vigorous black slaves who were upwards of sixteen years old in the next caravan .
Muhammad al-Fadl, his son, was for some time under the control of an energetic eunuch, Mohammed Kurra, but he ultimately made himself independent, and his reign lasted till 1838, when he died of leprosy. He devoted himself largely to the subjection of the semi-independent Arab tribes who lived in the country, notably the Rizeigat, thousands of whom he slew.
An account of life and the geography in Darfur was written in the early 19th century by Muḥammad al-Tūnisī (d. 1857), who spent ten years as a merchant from Cairo in the sultanate and described the kingdom in detail and with his own drawings in the book translated as In Darfur.
The Turkiyya (Ottoman rule)
In 1821, el-Fahl lost the province of Kordofan to the Egyptians under Mehemet Ali, who planned to conquer the Sudan. The Keira dispatched an army but it was routed by the Egyptians near Bara on 19 August 1821. The Egyptians had intended to conquer all of Darfur, but their difficulties consolidating their hold on the Nile region forced them to abandon these plans. Al-Fadl died in 1838 and of his forty sons, the third, Muhammad al-Husayn, was appointed his successor. Al-Husayn is described as a religious but avaricious man. In 1856 he went blind and for the rest of his reign Zamzam Umm al-Nasr, the sultan's eldest sister or ayabasi, was the de facto ruler of the sultanate. Zamzam and other members of the sultan's inner circle exploited his weakness to repossess and pillage large tracts of land, terrorizing the citizens and weakening the sultanate.
In 1856, a Khartoum businessman, al-Zubayr Rahma, began operations in the land south of Darfur. He set up a network of trading posts defended by well-armed forces and soon had a sprawling state under his rule. This area, known as the Bahr el Ghazal, had long been the source of the goods that Darfur would trade to Egypt and North Africa, especially slaves and ivory. The natives of Bahr el Ghazal paid tribute to Darfur, and these were the chief articles of merchandise sold by the Darfurians to the Egyptian traders along the road to Asyut. Al-Zubayr redirected this flow of goods to Khartoum and the Nile.
Sultan al-Husayn died in 1873 and the succession passed to his youngest son Ibrahim, who soon found himself engaged in a conflict with al-Zubayr. After earlier conflicts with the Egyptians, Al-Zubayr had become their ally and in cooperation with them agreed to conquer Darfur. The war resulted in the destruction of the kingdom. Ibrahim was slain in battle in the autumn of 1874, and his uncle Hassab Alla, who sought to maintain the independence of his country, was captured in 1875 by the troops of the khedive, and brought to Cairo with his family.
Ali Dinar
In 1898, with the decline of the Mahdists, sultan Ali Dinar managed to re-establish Darfur's independence. Darfur was conquered by the British Empire in 1916, officially because Dinar gave his support to the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Dinar was killed and his kingdom was incorporated into the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium.
Warfare
The armies of Darfur underwent a three-staged evolution. Before the 18th century they consisted entirely of levy warbands, youths armed with spears, hide shields and occasionally throwing knives. They were commanded by an older man titled ornang or 'aqid. By the 18th century, a new type of warrior developed, the heavily armoured fursan. They would form the small core of the armies of Darfur. These fursan were armed with long swords imported from Solingen in Germany, lances, maces and sometimes firearms. Body armour consisted of locally made gambesons, German-made mail armour, silk coats, greaves and helmets. The horses were a Nubian breed imported from the Dongola Reach and were purchased with slaves. Like the riders they were armoured with gambesons and mail armour as well as additional armour for the head. All this equipment had to be organized and maintained by the chiefs responsible for the fursan. By the 1850s and 1860s, Darfur entered the third stage, when it attempted to build an army based on muskets. While firearms were already used in Darfur before it was only then when they were used tactically and in large numbers. These experiments were, however, ended with the invasion of al-Zubayr in 1874. Sultan Ibrahim died in a cavalry charge. The regular army of the revived state of Ali Dinar reportedly numbered 7,700 men in 1903 and 5,000 in 1916 and wielded a wide array of weapons, ranging from spears and shields to muzzle loaders, shotguns and Remington rifles.
Sultans and nobles were guarded by the korkwa, armed pages wielding spears and hide shields.
List of Rulers
Notes
References
Further reading
Former monarchies of Africa
Sahelian kingdoms
History of Sudan
Darfur
Lists of monarchs in Africa
States and territories established in 1603
States and territories disestablished in 1874
States and territories established in 1898
States and territories disestablished in 1916
ja:ダルフール・スルターン国 |
Penstemon anguineus is a species of penstemon known by the common name Siskiyou beardtongue. It is native to the mountains of Oregon and northern California, where it grows in coniferous forests, often in open areas left by logging operations. It is a perennial herb reaching up to about 90 centimeters in maximum height. The oppositely arranged leaves are lance-shaped to oval, the ones higher on the plant clasping the stem. The inflorescence produces several light blue or purple flowers between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The sepals and flowers are coated in glandular hairs. The inside of the flower has many long hairs and the staminode has a sparse hair coating.
External links
anguineus
Flora of California
Flora of Oregon
Flora of the United States
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
Mark Henderson (born 1957) is a British lighting designer who won the 2006 Tony Award for Best Lighting Design for The History Boys.
Henderson began his Broadway career with a 1986 comedy revue starring Rowan Atkinson. His Broadway credits include revivals of The Merchant of Venice (1989), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1990), Hamlet (1995), The Iceman Cometh (1999), The Real Thing (2000), Faith Healer (2006), and A Moon for the Misbegotten (2007), and the original productions of Indiscretions (1995), Copenhagen (2000), Decocracy (2004), Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (2005), and Deuce (2007).
In the UK, Henderson has worked at the Almeida Theatre, the Donmar Warehouse, the Royal National Theatre, and the Old Vic. He has designed projects for the Really Useful Group, the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal Opera, the English National Opera, the Welsh National Opera, the Scottish Opera, and the Royal Ballet, among others. He was involved in the refurbishment of the Royal Court Theatre and has designed for Madame Tussauds in London, New York City, and Las Vegas.
Henderson's West End productions include Arsenic and Old Lace, Grease, West Side Story, Spend Spend Spend, Follies, Carmen Jones, The Duck House and Three Sisters. He also has designed tours for Eddie Izzard, Victoria Wood, French & Saunders, Ruby Wax, and Steve Coogan. Most recently he has worked on the much acclaimed Kate Bush Before the Dawn at the Hammersmith Apollo. Designed the 360 degree Peter Pan.
Henderson has been nominated for the Tony Award for Faith Healer, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, The Iceman Cometh, and Indiscretions and the Drama Desk Award for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and Indiscretions. He has won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Lighting Design five times out of nine nominations. In 2013 he designed the National Theatres 50 years on Stage celebration.
References
External links
Mark Henderson credits at PBJ Management
1957 births
Lighting designers
People from Mansfield
Tony Award winners
Living people |
XZL may refer to:
XZL, the station code for Edmonton station, Alberta, Canada
XZL, the station code for Xinzhen Road station, Zhejiang, China |
Golden Ring is the seventh studio album by American country music artists George Jones and Tammy Wynette, released in August 1976 on the Epic Records label. It reached No. 1 on the Billboard Country Album chart. The singles "Near You" and "Golden Ring" both reached No. 1 on the Country Singles chart.
Background
Although Jones and Wynette had divorced in 1975, Epic still released duets they had recorded together because public interest in the couple remained so intense. In fact, Golden Ring would be their only number one LP together, and the pair would score four top five hits between 1976 and 1980. As Bob Allen points out in his biography George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend, the couple, who had endured a very bitter, public divorce, were forced to make appearances together because "After the divorce, the demand for concert bookings with either Tammy or George, separately, fell off drastically...Tammy found herself strangely ill at ease in front of disappointed and often angry audience members, a few of whom never failed to holler and scream, even in the middle of one of her songs: 'Where's George!?'" (In a 1995 television special on The Nashville Network, Wynette recalled that she would often reply, "I don't know and he doesn't know, either.") Jones was faring little better: his 1975 album Memories of Us had barely broken the top 50 on Billboard, stalling at number 43. Jones, who at the time made no secret of the fact that he still carried a torch for his ex-wife, later addressed the issue of reteaming with Wynette in his 1996 memoir by insisting, "That wasn't my idea. In fact, I hated to work with her. It brought back too many unpleasant memories, and when some fans saw us together, they got it in their heads that we were going to get back together romantically." The album cover, which looks like the stoic couple are silently watching television at home together, is a far cry from the beaming faces that appeared on their earlier albums just a few years before. Jones accepted the responsibility for the failure of the marriage but vehemently denied Wynette's allegations in her autobiography that he beat her and fired a shotgun at her. Their next album, Together Again, would not come until four years in 1980.
Composition
The song "Golden Ring" was conceived by songwriter Bobby Braddock, who had seen a television drama about the life of a handgun. The story showed the gun changing hands several times, with a hunter, police officer, criminal and a father of a 2-year-old child all owning the gun at one point, with the consequences played out in each segment. Braddock applied the same concept to a song about the life of a wedding ring. Here, a young couple from Chicago - apparently very much in love - goes to a pawn shop to shop for a ring for their upcoming wedding. The man (both characters are unnamed in the song) laments that he is unable to pick out a more expensive band, but he's willing to buy it to show how much he loves his bride-to-be, whom - in the song's second verse - he marries in a small wedding chapel later on that afternoon. In the third verse, the couple has been fighting which leads to "their final round". The man accuses his wife of planning to leave town; the woman retorts by telling her husband she doesn't love him anymore and throws down the ring "as she walks out the door." The final verse features the ring once again in a pawnshop waiting for its next owners. The refrains tell about the meaning of the ring through its lifecycle with the couple with the hook: "By itself, it's just a cold metallic thing, only love can make a golden wedding ring". The song could not have been a better fit for Jones and Wynette in 1976 in the wake of their broken marriage and shot to the top of the charts. This was followed with another number one, "Near You", a pop standard written and originally recorded by Francis Craig and His Orchestra in 1947 with lyrics provided by Kermit Goell. Recorded in the winter of 1974, it reached the top of the country charts in 1977, its atypical arrangement proof positive that country fans still had an appetite for any music performed by the estranged couple. Golden Ring also includes a painfully sad version of the Buck Owens composition "Cryin' Time".
Reception
Writing for AllMusic, Thom Jurek deems Golden Ring "simply a classic," enthusing: "This is a set full of heartbreak songs accompanied by real heartbreak. Jones went on a multi-year bender after the divorce was final, putting his health, reputation, and even career on the line. It's no stretch to say that these songs are loaded with emotion..." In July 2013 Uncut called the LP "A collection of brutal songs...sung by two people breaking each other's hearts."
Track listing
External links
George Jones' Official Website
Tammy Wynette's Official Site
Record Label
1976 albums
George Jones albums
Tammy Wynette albums
Albums produced by Billy Sherrill
Epic Records albums
Vocal duet albums |
William Ford (born December 15, 1986) is a former American football running back. He played college football at South Carolina State University and attended Travelers Rest High School in Travelers Rest, South Carolina. Ford was a CFL East Division All-Star in 2013 as a member of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He has also been a member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
College career
Ford is second all-time in rushing yards and first in rushing touchdowns in South Carolina State University and Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference history with 4,688 yards and 35 touchdowns.
Professional career
Toronto Argonauts
Ford was signed by the Toronto Argonauts in 2010 but released before seeing any playing time after suffering a leg injury.
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Ford was signed by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in July 2012. He was a CFL East Division All-Star in 2013.
Ford was released by the Blue Bombers in July 2014.
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Ford was signed by the Saskatchewan Roughriders on July 22, 2014. On July 26, 2014, he scored three rushing touchdowns against the Toronto Argonauts in his first game for the Roughriders. He was released by the Roughriders on October 21, 2014.
References
External links
Just Sports Stats
Saskatchewan Roughriders profile
NFL Draft Scout profile
Living people
1986 births
Players of American football from South Carolina
American football running backs
Canadian football running backs
Players of Canadian football from South Carolina
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
South Carolina State Bulldogs football players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
People from Travelers Rest, South Carolina
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people |
Chaîne de la Selle is a mountain range in Haiti, on the island of Hispaniola.
The range's Pic la Selle is the highest point of Haiti, at a height of 2,680 meters (8,793 feet) above sea level.
See also
References
Mountain ranges of Haiti |
China Huabiao Film Awards (), also simply known as Huabiao Awards, is an annual awards ceremony for Chinese cinema. Named after the decorative Chinese winged columns (huabiaos), The Huabiao Awards were first instituted in 1957 as the Ministry of Culture Excellence Film awards. Between 1958 and 1979, no awards were given. In 1994, the awards were renamed "Huabiao." The ceremony is held in Beijing, and is the highest government honor in the film industry. Along with the Golden Rooster Awards and Hundred Flowers Awards, these are known as China's three main film awards.
Unlike other award ceremonies, Huabiao Awards for individual categories are often given to multiple nominees.
Ceremonies
Categories
Outstanding Film
Outstanding Producer
Outstanding Director
Outstanding Writer
Outstanding Actor
Outstanding Actress
Outstanding Composer
Outstanding New Actor
Outstanding New Actress
Outstanding Animation
Outstanding Documentary
See also
Golden Rooster Awards
Hundred Flowers Awards
Shanghai Film Critics Awards
External links
Huabiao Film Awards at the Internet Movie Database
Chinese film awards
Awards established in 1957
1957 establishments in China
Recurring events established in 1957
Annual events in China |
File sharing in the United Kingdom relates to the distribution of digital media in that country. In 2010, there were over 18.3 million households connected to the Internet in the United Kingdom, with 63% of these having a broadband connection. There are also many public Internet access points such as public libraries and Internet cafes.
In 2009, an online survey undertaken by Harris Interactive on behalf of the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) stated that of 3,442 people surveyed in the UK, 1,012 (29%) reported downloading music from peer-to-peer networks, giving an indication of the level of file sharing occurring in the UK.
A survey by XTN Data in 2006 found that of the 1000 people interviewed, 28% admitted to having downloaded copyrighted material without paying for it.
Legislation
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Digital Economy Act 2010 are applicable to and may be breached by file sharing activity.
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 aims to protect the intellectual property rights of the creator or copyright holder. File sharing violates this act when the copyright owner has not given permission for its material to be shared.
The Digital Economy Act 2017 changed the penalties related to copyright infringement. The legislation is concerned more directly with copyright on the Internet than previous legislation that was more concerned with commercial abuse of copyright.
Action to prevent illegal file sharing
Institutions such as the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) sought help from the government to force Internet service providers (ISPs) to identify those users suspected of file sharing and to take action against them. With the backing of the government this was made part of the Digital Economy Act and passed into law after parliamentary debate in April 2010. A list of domain names affected by court orders is maintained on the website ukispcourtorders.co.uk by BT plc, a similar list is hosted by Sky.
As a result of this pressure, the five main ISPs (BT, Virgin Media, Sky, TalkTalk, EE) became responsible for the notification of users identified by the BPI. The notification will be a cease and desist order that will threaten legal action if the behaviour continues or if a compensation payment is not made. Further steps can also be taken by ISP's, if the identified users continue to breach copyright, such as the restriction of the bandwidth available to them or even total disconnection and possible bans or suspensions from the Internet. The movie industry has also signed up to seek action against those it has determined to be persistent infringers of its copyrights.
However, amendments proposed in 2010 to the Digital Economy Bill by the industry regulator Ofcom, made ISPs with fewer than 400,000 subscribers exempt. Also exempt are ISPs that provide mobile broadband access due in part to the way in which this service operates. One of the main reasons for providing the exemption is the costs and time-scale required for smaller ISPs to put the monitoring in place.
The legality of the software used by ISPs to monitor the Internet activity of suspected illegal file-sharers has itself been called into question because of concerns over the privacy issues that its use raises. Virgin Media want to use new software called Cview, which monitors activity and compares any downloaded material to a database of copyrighted material in order to determine if there has been an infringement. As of 2010 this software was being evaluated for suitability by the European Commission and Ofcom with particular attention to whether the software violates privacy or data protection directives.
The music industry in Britain is not the only industry to seek action against illegal file sharing. The computer games industry, worth an estimated £2 billion, also sought compensation for copyright infringement. Five major game companies: Atari, Codemasters, TopWare Interactive, Reality Pump and Techland, sent notices to over 25,000 UK Internet users they feel have breached their copyright by downloading or sharing games on file sharing websites. The companies demanded a payment of £300 in order to settle the matter out of court, warning that non-payment would result in legal action. In what was a landmark case in terms of file sharing, one company, Topware Interactive, took a user, Isabella Barwinska, to court over copyright infringement of its game Dream Pinball 3D, which had been illegally downloaded, uploaded, and shared with many other users. The court found in favour of Topware Interactive and imposed a penalty of £16,000.
In July 2010 the music company, Ministry of Sound, also sent notices to Internet users it claimed had breached its copyright by downloading music tracks. Notices were sent to around 2,000 users via London lawyers Gallant Macmillan demanding a compensation payment of around £350 in order to avoid legal action. Many users have challenged these claims, stating either their innocence or challenging the legality of the action taken.
The BPI, however, does not support mass mailing to end users, preferring to target persistent uploaders who make copyrighted material available to others and persistent downloaders.
The BPI has also complained to Google about illegal downloads and the ease with which these can be located or identified using its search engine, believing that Google has a responsibility to help prevent access to such material and that links to the infringing materials should be removed. This material is not actually hosted by Google, but by sites locatable through the use of Google's services.
April 2012 saw the UK high court order five leading UK ISPs to block access to Swedish file sharing website The Pirate Bay. The case was brought after the ISPs refused to block the site voluntarily and after one ISP was ordered to block a similar site Newzbin2 in July 2011.
Discussions between the Intellectual Property Office, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and search engines Google and Bing led to the announcement in February 2017 of a voluntary code of practice, under which websites associated with copyright violation would be demoted within search engine rankings. Implementation was expected to begin by the summer of that year.
Opposition
There are groups which actively oppose the actions taken by institutions like BPI and the government's copyright policy, most of these groups are opposed to either the criminalisation of file sharers or the privacy infringements from Internet monitoring. The Open Rights Group and Pirate Party UK are prominent examples. These groups are opposed to the copyright infringement provisions of the Digital Economy Act.
UK ISP TalkTalk has openly stated that they will refuse to send warning letters to their customers or hand over any of their personal information, even if it became a legal requirement for them to do so. TalkTalk has stated that the "government's plans to punish people suspected of illegal downloading are an assault on human rights", and pledged to fight government anti-piracy laws. In 2010 TalkTalk launched a major campaign, Don't Disconnect Us, against government plans to disconnect connections suspected of repeat copyright infringement.
Opposition has also come from English comedian, actor, writer, and director, Stephen Fry, who has defended non-commercial "piracy", supported TalkTalk's Don't Disconnect Us campaign and admitted to using BitTorrent to download episodes of House and 24.
See also
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)
Censorship in the United Kingdom
Copyright aspects of downloading and streaming
Computer and network surveillance
Copyright in the United Kingdom
Copyright law of the European Union
EU Copyright Directive
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom
Legal aspects of copyright infringement
Legal aspects of file sharing
List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom
References
United Kingdom
Peer-to-peer file sharing
Law of the United Kingdom |
Spantik (Balti Language), or Golden Peak, is a mountain situated in the Spantik-Sosbun Mountains subrange within the Karakoram range. It is located in the Arandu Valley of Shiger, Skardu District, within the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. The northwest face of Spantik is renowned for its exceptionally challenging climbing route, famously referred to as the "Golden Pillar."
Spantik is positioned to the east of Diran and northeast of Malubiting. There are various routes leading to Spantik, including paths from the Arandu village in the Shigar District, as well as routes originating from the Hoper and Hispar valleys in the Nagar District
Climbing
Spantik's first ascent took place in 1955, accomplished by a German expedition led by Karl Kramer. The most frequently chosen route for climbers follows the southeast ridge, a line that was originally attempted by the Bullock Workman party in 1906.
The southeast ridge presents a challenging ascent, spanning 2,700 meters over a lateral distance of 7.6 km. The terrain along this ridge is diverse, ranging from rocky outcrops to snow, ice, and scree. The incline along this route generally remains under 30 degrees, with a few sections reaching up to 40 degrees
The mountain is very popular with organised commercial expeditions, due to its relative ease of ascent and scarcity of objective dangers. The short 3-day approach trek across straightforward terrain also provides for easy access and gradual acclimatization.
This peak was scaled by Aus-Pak expedition in July 2011, led by a team of mountaineers from Army High Altitude School Rattu. Lt Col Abdul Aziz was supervising the team of Climbers. The peak can be approached from Nagar Valley as well as from Baltistan side. The First expedition was held in 1988, the team composed of six Pakistan Army Personnel with German Team, The first Pakistani who reached the summit was Captain (now Brigadier) Muhammad Moiz Uddin Uppal. Another expedition named the China-Pakistan Friendship Expedition scaled Spantik Peak. Expedition leader Lt Col (retired) Dr Abdul Jabbar Bhatti in a call from the summit said that the expedition members took turns to reach the summit between 1:45pm and 2:15pm on Sunday July 15. Earlier, the summit team, which had started from Camp II (5, 600 meters) on July 14, set up Camp III (6,000 metres) the same day and pushed for the summit the following day. C III was established 300 meters lower than planned, which, combined with worst weather conditions and lack of visibility during return from summit, resulted in missing the route, and it forced the whole team to spend the night outside the camp, at a time when members were already exhausted. Digging out snow caves was the only option for protection from extreme environment.
Uzma Yousaf on August 2, 2017 scaled the Spantik peak. Uzma is the first Pakistani lady to climb Spantik as well as any peak above 7000 meters in Pakistan. She climbed Spantik Peak approaching from Chogholungma glacier above Arandu in Basha valley, Shigar district of Gilgit Baltistan.
Uzma's high-altitude team included Wajid Ullah Nagri, Asghar Hussain and Yaseen. Uzma and her team reached at the top of Spantik at 9:16 am August 2, (Wednesday) 2017.
The 43-year old, who started her climbing career by scaling 6050-metre Mingling Sar in October 2016 and 5098-metre Rush Peak in February 2017, said that it took her team 31 days to complete the voyage.
On 17-Jul-2019 a 10 year old Selena Khawaja Pakistani girl (resident of Abbottabad) reach the summit of the Spantik peak. By doing this she became the youngest person to scale Spantik and any peak over 7000 meters in the World.
She became the youngest to scale the 5,765-metre-high Quz Sar Peak in Shimshal valley of Gojal upper Hunza on 02-Mar-2018. She achieved this feat at the age of 9. Selena told in an interview that she has a special love for peaks in her heart. Her goal for 2019 is to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
See also
Miar Glacier
Nagar Valley
List of mountains in Pakistan
Gilgit Baltistan
References
Dave Hancock - Climbing Spantik, The FTA trip Files (Perth, WA 2004)
External links
Northern Pakistan detailed placemarks in Google Earth
Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan
Seven-thousanders of the Karakoram |
Lovászi is a village in Zala County, Hungary.
References
Populated places in Zala County |
Follansbee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Clyde Follansbee (1902–1948), American politician
Edward Follansbee Noyes (1832–1890), American politician
Elizabeth Follansbee (1839–1917), American physician and professor |
Nabi (, also Romanized as Nabī) is a village in Seyyed Abbas Rural District, Shavur District, Shush County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Shush County |
Gustavo Kuerten defeated Marat Safin in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 5–7, 7–6(7–3) to win the singles tennis title at the 2000 Hamburg European Open.
Marcelo Ríos was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Safin.
Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.
Pete Sampras (second round)
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (first round)
Magnus Norman (quarterfinals)
Cédric Pioline (quarterfinals)
Gustavo Kuerten (champion)
Nicolás Lapentti (first round)
Thomas Enqvist (second round)
Tim Henman (third round)
Álex Corretja (third round)
Lleyton Hewitt (second round)
Patrick Rafter (first round)
Marat Safin (final)
Younes El Aynaoui (third round)
Dominik Hrbatý (first round)
Juan Carlos Ferrero (second round)
Tommy Haas (first round)
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
Qualifying
Qualifying seeds
Qualifiers
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
Fifth qualifier
Sixth qualifier
Seventh qualifier
Eighth qualifier
References
External links
Official Results Archive (ATP)
Official Results Archive (ITF)
Singles |
Lodewyk is a Dutch and Afrikaans given name, equivalent to Louis or Lewis in English. While in modern Dutch the name is spelled Lodewijk, Afrikaans retains Lodewyk. Notable people with the name include:
Lodewyk van Bercken (fl. 1456), Flemish jeweler and diamond cutter who invented the scaif
Lodewyk de Deyster (1656–1711), Flemish artist and maker of musical instruments
William Lodewyk Crowther (1817–1885), Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania 1878–79
Edward Lodewyk Crowther (1843–1931), Australian politician, son of William
Christian Lodewyk Stals (born 1935), South African businessperson
François Philippus Lodewyk Steyn (born 1987), South African rugby player
See also
Lode (name)
Lodewijk
Ludwig (given name) |
The Canadian province of Saskatchewan held municipal elections on November 9, 2020. Elections in Saskatoon, Swift Current and Maple Creek were delayed or deferred due to a snowstorm.
Listed below are selected municipal mayoral and city councillor races across the province. An "(X)" is listed next to the incumbent's name (if there is one).
Balgonie
Rural Municipality of Corman Park No. 344
Estevan
Humboldt
Lloydminster
Martensville
Meadow Lake
Melfort
Moose Jaw
By-election
A by-election was held November 3, 2021 to replace Tolmie, who was elected to parliament in the 2021 Canadian federal election.
North Battleford
Pilot Butte
Mayor
Council
Prince Albert
Mayor
Regina
Mayor
Regina City Council
Saskatoon
Due to a massive snowstorm, the Saskatoon election was extended to November 13.
Mayor
Saskatoon City Council
Swift Current
Due to a massive snowstorm, the election was postponed until November 12.
Warman
Weyburn
Yorkton
References
Municipal elections in Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan, municipal
Municipal elections
Saskatchewan municipal elections |
John Maywood Grubb, Jr. (born August 4, 1948) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder and designated hitter, who also occasionally played at first base. He played with the San Diego Padres (1972–1976), Cleveland Indians (1977–1978), Texas Rangers (1978–1982), and the Detroit Tigers (1983–1987).
Major League career
Grubb was drafted by the San Diego Padres in 1971 with the 24th pick in the first round. He had been previously drafted by the Boston Red Sox, Cincinnati Reds, and Atlanta Braves, but did not sign with them. He made his major league debut on September 10, 1972.
In his 1973 rookie season, Grubb put up good numbers and earned himself a starting position in the outfield by hitting .311 with eight home runs, 37 RBI, and 52 runs scored. Grubb made the 1974 National League All-star team during his sophomore season, and struck out in his only at-bat.
Highlights after the 1974 season included a 21-game hitting streak in 1979 while a member of the Texas Rangers. He was nearly dealt along with Sparky Lyle from the Rangers to the Philadelphia Phillies for Tug McGraw, Bake McBride and Larry Christenson at the 1979 Winter Meetings in Toronto, but the proposed transaction was never executed because a deferred money issue in Lyle's contract went unresolved.
Grubb was a member of the Detroit Tigers' 1984 World Series Championship team; the Tigers defeated his former team the San Diego Padres 4 games to 1. In his 16-year career, he posted a .278 batting average with 99 home runs, 475 RBI, and 553 runs scored. In the era since the designated hitter came into play (1973), he is the all-time leader among American League players when used as a pinch hitter batting for the #9 hitter in the line-up. He was released by the Detroit Tigers after a disappointing 1987 season, despite having arguably the best season of his career in 1986.
Personal life
Since retiring from professional baseball, Grubb has kept a low profile. He was the former varsity baseball coach at his alma mater, Meadowbrook High School in Richmond. There he coached former San Diego Padres pitcher Cla Meredith. Grubb and his wife are also active members of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).
See also
1984 Detroit Tigers season
References
External links
Johnny Grubb at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
Johnny Grubb at Baseball Almanac
1948 births
National League All-Stars
Living people
San Diego Padres players
Cleveland Indians players
Texas Rangers players
Detroit Tigers players
Baseball players from Richmond, Virginia
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball center fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
Nashville Sounds players
Orlando Juice players
Richmond Braves players
SCF Manatees baseball players
Florida State Seminoles baseball players
State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota alumni |
Labyrinth (German: Labyrinth der Leidenschaften, Italian: Neurose) is a 1959 German-Italian drama film directed by Rolf Thiele and starring Nadja Tiller, Peter van Eyck and Amedeo Nazzari.
Cast
Nadja Tiller as Georgia
Peter van Eyck as Ron Stevens
Amedeo Nazzari as Professor De Lattre
Nicole Badal as Mother Superior
Matteo Spinola as Armand
Elisabeth Flickenschildt as Frau Gretzer
Benno Hoffmann as Beckmeyer
Tilla Durieux as Schwester Celestine
Fritz Eckhardt as Khan
Piera Arico as Brotkugel
Harald Kreutzberg as Sir Agamemnon
Hanne Wieder as Priorin
Werner Finck as Präsident
Ljuba Welitsch as Ljubas
Hans Leibelt as Padre Jeannot
Ina Duscha as Juliette
Tilo von Berlepsch as Graf
Bobby Todd as Generaldirektor
Eduard Linkers as Jacques
Hugo Lindinger as Swoboda
Anna Maria Lussi as Michèle
Gregor von Rezzori as Schweizer Zöllner
References
Bibliography
Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema. Berghahn Books, 2009.
External links
1959 films
1959 drama films
German drama films
Italian drama films
West German films
1950s German-language films
Films directed by Rolf Thiele
UFA GmbH films
1950s Italian films
1950s German films |
Neoterebra variegata, common name the variegated auger, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.
Description
The length of the shell varies between 25 mm and 100 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean from Baja California peninsula to Peru; off Galápagos Islands.
References
Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). Living terebras of the world. A monograph of the recent Terebridae of the world. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Florida & Burlington, Massachusetts. 240pp
Terryn Y. (2007). Terebridae: A Collectors Guide. Conchbooks & NaturalArt. 59pp + plates.
External links
Griffith, E. & Pidgeon, E. (1833-1834). The Mollusca and Radiata. Vol. 12, In: E. Griffith, [1824−1835, The Animal Kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, [...]. London: Whittaker and Co., viii + 601 pp., 61 pls. [1−138 (Date of publication according to Petit & Coan, 2008: pp 1–192, Mollusca pls. 1−39 - 1833; pp 193–601, pls. Zoophytes 2−20, Mollusca corrected pls. 28*, 36*, 37*, pls. 40-41 - 183 ]
gastropods.com: Terebra (Variegata-group) variegata
Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies
Terebridae
Gastropods described in 1834
Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
Chloe Louise Bibby (born 15 June 1998) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Frankston Blues of the NBL1 South. She played college basketball for the Mississippi State Bulldogs and the Maryland Terrapins.
Career
WNBL
Bibby made her WNBL debut with the Dandenong Rangers during the 2013–14 season. She played her fourth and final season with the Rangers in 2016–17.
On 2 August 2022, Bibby signed with the Perth Lynx for the 2022–23 WNBL season.
Australian state leagues
In 2015 and 2016, Bibby played for the Dandenong Rangers in the SEABL. She helped the Rangers win SEABL championships both years. In 2017, she joined the Bendigo Braves and helped them reach the SEABL grand final.
In 2022, Bibby played for the Kilsyth Cobras of the NBL1 South. She joined the Frankston Blues for the 2023 NBL1 South season and earned NBL1 South All-Star Five honours.
College and WNBA
In 2017, Bibby moved to the United States to play college basketball for the Mississippi State Bulldogs. In 2020, she transferred to Maryland, where she played two seasons.
In April 2022, Bibby spent training camp and preseason with the Minnesota Lynx of the WNBA.
National team
Bibby made her international debut, representing Australia at the 2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship in the Czech Republic. Australia finished in fifth place. With the Gems, Bibby won Gold at the 2016 FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship, qualifying for the 2017 World Championship in Italy.
References
1998 births
Living people
Australian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Australian women's basketball players
Dandenong Rangers players
Forwards (basketball)
Maryland Terrapins women's basketball players
Mississippi State Bulldogs women's basketball players
Perth Lynx players
People from Horsham, Victoria
Sportswomen from Victoria (state) |
Big Sister was a daytime radio drama series created by Lillian Lauferty and broadcast on CBS from September 14, 1936, to December 26, 1952. It was sponsored by Lever Brothers for Rinso until 1946 when Procter & Gamble became the sponsor.
Set in the fictional town of Glen Falls, the program dramatized the life of Ruth Evans who sacrificed her own happiness to care for her younger sister Sue and their crippled brother Neddie. After Sue married reporter Jerry Miller, Ruth continued to care for Neddie. She fell in love with Neddie's doctor, John Wayne, who cured Neddie. Ruth and John married on October 19, 1939, but during World War II, John was held in a Japanese prison camp. He returned to Glen Falls suffering from shell-shock. John was played by Staats Cotsworth, Martin Gabel, and Paul McGrath.
The actresses who portrayed Ruth over the decades were Alice Frost, Nancy Marshall, Marjorie Anderson and Mercedes McCambridge. Sue was played by Haila Stoddard, Dorothy McGuire, Peggy Conklin and Fran Carlon. Michael O'Day was heard in the role of little Neddie Evans. In 1940, ZaSu Pitts joined the cast as Mamie Wayne.
Over the years the program's writers, in addition to Lauferty, were Julian Funt, Carl Bixby, Bob Newman and Bill Sweets. Announcers for the program were Fred Uttal, Jim Ameche and Hugh Conover. Organist Richard Leibert furnished the background music and the opening theme, "Valse Bluette". Ameche's son, Jim Ameche, Jr., played Richard, the son of John and Ruth Wayne.
In an indication of the program's popularity, listeners sent truckloads of wedding presents to the CBS studio when characters Ruth Evans and Dr. John Wayne were married. Its success led to a spin-off radio series, Bright Horizon, which CBS began broadcasting in 1941. To attract audience to the new show, Alice Frost reprised her role as Ruth Evans Wayne in early episodes of Bright Horizon.
Note
References
External links
"Big Sister: The Story", in Radio and Television Mirror, January 1942 issue
"34 episodes", at Archive.org, retrieved Aug 17, 2021.
American radio soap operas
1936 establishments in the United States
1952 disestablishments in the United States |
Melvin Douglas Queen (March 26, 1942 – May 11, 2011) was an American professional baseball player, manager, coach, scout and executive. He played all or part of nine seasons as an outfielder and pitcher in Major League Baseball, and also served for four seasons as a pitching coach. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
Early life
Queen's father, Melvin Joseph Queen (1918–1982), was a Major League pitcher for the New York Yankees and Pittsburgh Pirates for parts of eight seasons from 1942 to 1952. The younger Mel Queen was born in Johnson City, New York and the family moved to California in the early 1950s when his father was playing for the Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League. He was signed to a bonus by the Reds after a stellar three-sport high school career at San Luis Obispo High School in San Luis Obispo, California, where he was a teammate of future Major League pitcher Jim Lonborg.
Professional career
Cincinnati Reds
Queen started his minor league career as a third baseman with the Palatka Redlegs of the Florida State League. The following year, Queen led Three-I League third basemen with 228 assists while playing for the Topeka Reds. After spending 1962 with the Macon Peaches, Queen was converted into an outfielder in 1963 while with the San Diego Padres, at the time the Reds' Triple-A affiliate in the Pacific Coast League.
In 1964, Queen started the season with the major league Reds, making his MLB debut on Opening Day, April 13, as a pinch hitter in the sixth inning, lining out to center field off Houston Astros pitcher Ken Johnson. He got his first hit 11 days later with a single against the San Francisco Giants, off future Hall of Famer Juan Marichal. He spent the entire season with the Reds, appearing in 46 games and batting .200.
Conversion to pitching
After spending nearly all of 1965 back with the minor league Padres, appearing in only five games for the Reds, Queen returned to the majors full-time in 1966. It was this season that he was again converted, this time into a pitcher.
He made his pitching debut on July 15 against the St. Louis Cardinals, pitching the ninth inning of a blowout loss. Altogether, he appeared in 56 games for the Reds, 32 as an outfielder, seven as a pitcher, and the rest as a pinch-hitter. As a pitcher, he compiled a 6.43 earned run average in seven relief appearances for the Reds and did not have a decision.
Queen's most productive season came in 1967, when he posted a 14-8 record and a 2.76 ERA in 31 games, striking out 154 batters in a career-high 195.2 innings pitched, while allowing two or less earned runs in 15 of his 24 starts. His season highlights included a six-hit shutout against the San Francisco Giants in his first career start on April 16, and a two-hit shutout against the New York Mets on September 8.
Queen developed shoulder problems including a torn rotator cuff and missed most of the 1968 season, then spent much of 1969 in the minor leagues.
California Angels
Queen was purchased by the California Angels in October 1969. He appeared in 34 games in 1970, all but three in relief, posting a record of 3-6 and an ERA of 4.20 with nine saves. In 1971, he pitched in 44 games, all in relief, and posted a career-best 1.78 ERA. In 1972, he appeared in 17 games, posting a 4.35 ERA with no decisions, while spending part of the year back in the minor leagues. It was his last year as an active player.
Career overview
In a seven-season career, Queen went 20–17 with a 3.14 ERA and 14 saves in 140 games, giving up 154 runs (136 earned) on 336 hits and 143 walks while striking out 306 in 389.2 innings of work. As a pitcher, Queen relied almost entirely on his fastball.
"I just went to the mound and threw as hard as I could", he said in an interview.
Even after his conversion to pitching, he occasionally came off the bench to pinch-hit against right-handed pitchers, finishing his career with a collective .179 average with two home runs and 25 runs batted in through 269 games as a hitter.
Coaching career
Following his playing career, Queen managed a friend's seafood restaurant and was thus able to spend more time with his wife Gail and their three children. Queen joined the Indians' organization in 1979 as a minor league pitching coach after former manager Dave Bristol recommended him, and had a stint on their major league staff in 1982. He later joined the Los Angeles Dodgers organization, serving as manager of the Bakersfield Dodgers in 1985.
In 1986, Queen joined the Toronto Blue Jays, where he would play a significant role in the development of the homegrown players during their 11 straight winning seasons. He started as a coach, being promoted as their farm director in 1990 and served as their major league pitching coach from 1996 through 1999. During his four seasons in that role, two Toronto hurlers won three consecutive Cy Young Awards as the top pitcher in the American League — Pat Hentgen in 1996 and Roger Clemens in the 1997 and 1998 seasons.
In addition, Queen was instrumental in helping shape the careers of a number of top Blue Jays players, to include pitchers Chris Carpenter, Pat Hentgen, Todd Stottlemyre, Mike Timlin, David Wells and Woody Williams; infielders Alex Gonzalez and Jeff Kent, as well as outfielders Shawn Green and Shannon Stewart, among some other notables.
Queen also served as the Blue Jays interim manager for the final five games of the 1997 season after Cito Gaston was let go, and later became a scout for the organization.
Nevertheless, one of his major achievements came in 2000, when the Blue Jays coaxed him out of retirement to help revive the sagging career of Roy Halladay, by then a 23-year-old pitcher. Queen met Halladay in Dunedin, Florida, where the Jays had sent their once-promising hurler after his ERA had soared to 10.64 in the major leagues, at which he ran a virtual boot camp for Halladay, rebuilding his delivery, teaching him new grips for his pitches and helping him develop a new mental approach.
"There's no one I made that drastic a change to and verbally abused the way I did Doc", Queen explained after Halladay won his first Cy Young Award in 2003. "There aren’t many people that would have gone through what I put him through. I had to make him understand that he was very unintelligent about baseball. He had no idea about the game", he added.
In 2009, then Toronto's general manager J. P. Ricciardi brought Queen out of retirement again to serve as a senior advisor, working on special assignments with minor league pitchers, retaining that position for the rest of his life.
Managerial record
Personal life
Queen's brother-in-law was Jim Lonborg, whose sister Celia Lonborg, Queen married and with whom he had a son Steven Queen. Lonborg had also been Queen's high school teammate. Lonborg pitched from 1965 to 1979 for the Boston Red Sox, Milwaukee Brewers and Philadelphia Phillies.
Mel Queen was a longtime resident of Morro Bay, California, where he died at age 69 on May 11, 2011, as a result of complications from cancer.
He was survived by his second wife of 44 years, Gail, his daughter Shirlee and her two children, Tanner and Rocky, as well as his son Jeffrey Todd Queen and his two children, Ashley and Jeffrey, as well as his son Steven from his first marriage. He is also survived by 2 stepsons and 7 step-grandchildren .
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
Notes
External links
, or Retrosheet
SABR Biography Project
Venezuelan Winter League
1942 births
2011 deaths
American expatriate baseball people in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Baseball coaches from New York (state)
Baseball players from New York (state)
California Angels players
Deaths from cancer in California
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians coaches
Florida Instructional League Astros/Reds players
Indianapolis Indians players
Macon Peaches players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
Palatka Redlegs players
People from Johnson City, New York
People from Morro Bay, California
Petroleros de Poza Rica players
Salt Lake City Angels players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Seattle Rainiers players
Baseball players from San Luis Obispo County, California
Syracuse Chiefs managers
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Topeka Reds players
Toronto Blue Jays coaches
Toronto Blue Jays executives
Toronto Blue Jays managers
Toronto Blue Jays scouts |
Detective Investigation Files (刑事偵緝檔案) is a TV series in Hong Kong about detectives, produced by TVB. The series had four installments, spanning from 1995 to 1999. It's believed that the entire franchise is a blatant ripoff of the many Japanese detective fiction.
Cast
The first (1995), second (1995), and third (1997) installments starring:
Michael Tao Dai Yu
Joey Leung Wing Chung
Kenix Kwok Ho Ying
Louisa So Yuk Wah
The fourth installment (1999) is a complete reboot of the series, with new cast led by:
Louis Koo Tin Lok
Sunny Chan Kam Hung
Jessica Hester Hsuan
Charmaine Sheh Shi Man
Lee San San
Availability
The VCDs of Detective Investigation Files I - IV are now available worldwide.
TVB dramas |
```xml
import { useState } from 'react';
import { c, msgid } from 'ttag';
import { Button } from '@proton/atoms';
import type { ModalStateProps } from '@proton/components';
import {
Alert,
Checkbox,
ModalTwo,
ModalTwoContent,
ModalTwoFooter,
ModalTwoHeader,
useModalTwoStatic,
} from '@proton/components';
import { useLoading } from '@proton/hooks';
import { DRIVE_APP_NAME } from '@proton/shared/lib/constants';
import noop from '@proton/utils/noop';
interface Props {
onClose?: () => void;
onSubmit: () => Promise<unknown>;
volumeCount: number;
}
const DeleteLockedVolumesConfirmModal = ({
onClose = noop,
onSubmit,
volumeCount,
...modalProps
}: Props & ModalStateProps) => {
const [isChecked, setIsChecked] = useState(false);
const [isLoading, withLoading] = useLoading();
const modalTitle = c('Label').ngettext(msgid`Delete drive?`, `Delete drives?`, volumeCount);
const warningTitle = c('Label').t`This will permanently delete all files in your locked drive.`;
const warningInfo = c('Info')
.t`Note: data may still be available locally on devices where you have installed ${DRIVE_APP_NAME}.`;
const confirmationText = c('Label').t`Yes, I want to permanently delete my old files`;
const handleChange = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
setIsChecked(e.target.checked);
};
const handleSubmit = (e: React.FormEvent) => {
e.preventDefault();
return withLoading(onSubmit());
};
return (
<ModalTwo
onClose={onClose}
size="small"
as="form"
disableCloseOnEscape={isLoading}
onSubmit={handleSubmit}
{...modalProps}
>
<ModalTwoHeader title={modalTitle} />
<ModalTwoContent>
<Alert type="warning" className="mb-8">
<span>
<strong>{warningTitle}</strong>
</span>
</Alert>
<p>{warningInfo}</p>
<Checkbox onChange={handleChange}>{confirmationText}</Checkbox>
</ModalTwoContent>
<ModalTwoFooter>
<Button type="button" onClick={onClose}>
{c('Action').t`Back`}
</Button>
<Button color="danger" type="submit" disabled={!isChecked} loading={isLoading}>
{c('Action').t`Delete`}
</Button>
</ModalTwoFooter>
</ModalTwo>
);
};
export default DeleteLockedVolumesConfirmModal;
export const useDeleteLockedVolumesConfirmModal = () => {
return useModalTwoStatic(DeleteLockedVolumesConfirmModal);
};
``` |
Oreodera albata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Villiers in 1971.
References
Oreodera
Beetles described in 1971 |
Time in Guinea is given by a single time zone, denoted as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT; UTC±00:00). Guinea shares this time zone with several other countries, including fourteen in western Africa. Guinea does not observe daylight saving time (DST).
History
French Guinea—the French colonial possession that preceded Guinea—first adopted UTC−01:00 on 1 January 1912.
IANA time zone database
In the IANA time zone database, Guinea is given one zone in the file zone.tab – Africa/Conakry, which is an alias to Africa/Abidjan. "GN" refers to the country's ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code. Data for Guinea directly from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database; columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself:
See also
Time in Africa
List of time zones by country
References
External links
Current time in Guinea at Time.is
Time in Guinea at TimeAndDate.com
Time in Guinea |
Damon Records was a United States record label.
Original
Victor "Vic" L. Damon started a recording business, Damon Transcription Laboratory in 1933 in Kansas City (Midland Building at 1221 Baltimore). He later moved the studio to 117 W. 14th Street and operated it, under the name Damon Recording Studios, until retirement in 1973. His assistant, Chuck Chapman, kept the studio running until 1975, then moved into the Cavern Sound facility in Independence, Missouri, for two more years operating as Cavern/Damon.
Damon was an in-house label of the Damon's studio. Damon used musicians and singers who were not members of the American Federation of Musicians labor union to make recordings during the ban on Union recordings ordered by James Petrillo.
In May 1948, the singing duo of Jon and Sondra Steele released "My Happiness" on Damon Records, a fact that was acknowledged on sheet music promoting the song. One of the better known artists with Damon was big band bandleader Al Trace. The Al Trace Orchestra recorded for major labels in the 1940s in addition to Damon. Trace was a writer on several popular songs, including "If I'd Known You Were Coming I'd Have Baked a Cake."
The label was still in existence up to at least 1960, when a rock 'n' roll group from Pittsburg, Kan., Conny and the Bellhops, had a regional hit with a 45 titled "Shot Rod," an instrumental on the Damon label.
Rebirth
Damon was a Canadian music label during the 1970's and 1980s. The Edmonton-based label released several notable artists including Juno nominee Jimmy Arthur Ordge, country singer-songwriter Jack Hennig, The Rodeo Song's Garry Lee and the Showdown, Bob and Doug McKenzie's 1981 The Great White North album, and polka great Bob Kames.
In 2010, a small group of people "relaunched" Damon Records as an independent record label. The label's primary genre focus is indie rock music, different from the types of music that the original Damon Records put out.
See also
List of record labels
References
External links
Rockin' Country Style
Damon Record Co. Website
Damon Records on the Internet Archive's Great 78 Project
Damon Records |
Hubert Utterback (June 28, 1880 – May 12, 1942) served very briefly on the Iowa Supreme Court, then was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives, serving only one term.
Personal background
Born on a farm near Hayesville, Iowa, Utterback attended the rural schools and Hedrick (Iowa) Normal and Commercial College. He graduated from Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He commenced practice in Des Moines, Iowa. Early in his practice, he began to teach, serving as an instructor at Drake University Law School from 1908 to 1935, and lecturing in law at Still College (now Des Moines University), Des Moines, Iowa from 1911 to 1933.
He served as member of the Iowa State Conference of Social Work and served as chairman of its legislative committee from 1923 to 1925.
Judicial service
As a judge, he first served on the police court of Des Moines from 1912 to 1914, and was then elevated to the Ninth Iowa Judicial District, serving from 1915 to 1927.
According to the Iowa Supreme Court's biography of Utterback, he "served on the Iowa Supreme Court from December 5, 1932, when he was issued a certificate of election to fill a supposed vacancy, until April 16, 1933, when it was judicially determined that no vacancy on the court had existed, and therefore his election to the Supreme Court was a nullity." The episode began when Iowa Supreme Court Justice E. A. Morling died less than one month before the 1932 general election, and a controversy arose about whether a seat could become open to an election so close to the general election's date (or whether, conversely, no vacancy could exist until the scheduled completion of Morling's term several years later). Republican George C. Claussen was appointed to replace Morling and began to serve on the Court. However, the seat was added to the general election ballot, with the Republican Party nominating Claussen and the Democratic Party nominating Utterback. Utterback outpolled Claussen, received a certificate of election, and began to serve in Claussen's place. However, a legal challenge to his election succeeded, when a trial court judge concluded that the seat had not been open to election, ordered Claussen reinstated, and the Iowa Supreme Court upheld the ruling.
Congressional elections and service
Utterback was the only Democrat elected by Iowa's 6th congressional district from its creation in 1920 until 1956. He defeated incumbent Republican Cassius C. Dowell in 1934, and served from January 3, 1935 to January 3, 1937.
In 1936 Utterback gave up a chance at re-election to his House seat, choosing instead to run for the U.S. Senate, but was defeated in the Democratic Primary by Iowa Governor Clyde L. Herring. That year, Dowell recaptured the House seat, defeating Harry Dunlap. Two years later, in 1938, Utterback tried unsuccessfully to win back his House seat, but Dowell easily won the rematch. The district would not send another Democrat to Congress until 1956, when Merwin Coad defeated James I. Dolliver by 198 votes, in one of Iowa's closest Congressional elections.
He was the cousin of John G. Utterback, who served in Congress from Maine from 1933–1935.
After Congress
After leaving Congress, Utterback served as chairman of the State Board of Parole from 1937 to 1940, and served as a State Democratic National committeeman from 1937 to 1940.
He died in Des Moines, Iowa, on May 12, 1942. He was interred in Glendale Cemetery.
References
External sources
1880 births
1942 deaths
Des Moines University people
Justices of the Iowa Supreme Court
American Disciples of Christ
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
20th-century American judges
20th-century American politicians
Drake University Law School alumni |
CGS Vigilant was a Fisheries Protection patrol vessel employed on the Canadian Great Lakes. Completed in 1904, the vessel remained in service on the Great Lakes until 1924. The vessel was then chartered by the Canadian Customs Preventive Service until 1929 for service on the East Coast of Canada. The ship was sold to private interests and converted to a barge. She remained in service until 1956 when the vessel was broken up.
Description
Vigilant, designed as an armed patrol vessel for service on the Great Lakes, was of steel construction and fitted with a ram bow. The vessel was long with a beam of and a draught of . Vigilant had a tonnage of . The ship was powered by two triple expansion steam engines driving two screws creating (nominal) or . This gave the vessel a maximum speed of . The vessel was armed with two QF 3-pounder guns.
Service history
Vigilant, described as the "first modern warship to be built in Canada", was acquired for patrol service on the Great Lakes to replace the aging . The vessel was constructed by Polson Iron Works Limited at their shipyard in Toronto and was launched on 11 September 1904, and completed later in the year.
Vigilant was sometimes described as a "third class cruiser". Vigilant was credited at the time by the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Louis-Philippe Brodeur as being the nucleus of the future Royal Canadian Navy. Upon entering service, the crew of the vessel wore naval-style uniforms, a first for Canada. The vessel entered service in 1904 as a fisheries patrol vessel. On 7 June 1905 Vigilant collided with the fishing steamer Grace M. east of Middle Island in Lake Erie. Grace M sank and two of fishing vessel's crew drowned in the incident. Vigilant remained on fisheries patrol until 1924, when the vessel was sold by the Department of Marine and Fisheries.
In 1926 Vigilant was chartered by the Customs Preventive Service for East Coast patrols to counter smuggling. Between 1927 and 1929, Vigilant patrolled Nova Scotia's Atlantic coast. The vessel was later converted to a barge and was scrapped in 1956 by Steel Co. in Hamilton, Ontario.
Notes
Citations
Sources
Cruisers of the Royal Canadian Navy
Patrol vessels of the Canadian Coast Guard
1904 ships
Fishery protection vessels
Ships built in Toronto
Cruisers of Canada
Auxiliary ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
Canadian Government Ship |
Organized crime in Minneapolis refers to the illegal activity of the early 20th century in Minneapolis. This issue was first brought to public attention by Lincoln Steffens in the book The Shame of the Cities which chronicles the widespread corruption in major political parties in the 19th century and the continued efforts to fix this ongoing issue. A. A. Ames was a notable figure who was exposed due to this book, as he and the Minneapolis police force were caught dealing with illegal businesses syndicates. In 1902, Ames fled to Indiana and resigned as mayor on the 6th September.
In his memoir Augie's Secrets, Twin Cities journalist Neal Karlen concedes that the power temporarily wielded in Minneapolis by Jewish-American organized crime figures like Kid Cann and David Berman beginning in the Prohibition-era gave a major boost to local anti-Semitism, for which Minneapolis became infamous nationwide. Karlen further argues, however, that the pervasive criminality during Mayor Ames' last term demonstrates that the city of Minneapolis was even more corrupt when Scandinavians and White Anglo-Saxon Protestants were still running it.
See also
Crime in Minnesota
Crime in the United States
A. A. Ames
References
Further reading
Steffens, Lincoln. The shame of the cities. New York: McClure, Phillips, 1904.
Minneapolis Organized Crime (1900-2000)
History of the Fire and Police Departments of Minneapolis, 1890
History of Minneapolis
Organized crime in Minnesota
Minnesota |
This is a list of rivers in Bhutan, all rivers in Bhutan ultimately drain to the Brahmaputra River in India.
Western Bhutan
Jaldhaka River or Di Chu
Amo Chhu or Torsa
Wong Chhu or Raidak
Ha Chhu
Paro Chhu
Thimphu Chhu/Wang Chhu
Puna Tshang Chhu or Sankosh River
Pho Chhu
Mo Chhu
Tang Chuu.
Eastern Bhutan
Manas River
Mangde Chhu or Tongsa
Bumthang River or Murchangphy Chhu
Drangme Chhu (sometimes considered part of the Manas River)
Kuru Chhu or Lhobrak
Kulong Chhu
Womina Chhu
Tawang Chhu or Gamri
Pagladiya River
Puthimari Nadi
Dhansiri Nadi
References
Bhutan
Rivers |
Perfect Enemy may refer to:
"Perfect Enemy" (song), 2005 song by Russian musical group t.A.T.u.
Perfect Enemy (album), 2015 album by American singer-songwriter Tilian Pearson
A Perfect Enemy, 2020 film |
Rosemary Casals and Billie Jean King were the defending champions, but lost in the third round to Jane Bartkowicz and Julie Heldman.
Margaret Court and Judy Tegart defeated Patti Hogan and Peggy Michel in the final, 9–7, 6–2 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1969 Wimbledon Championships.
Seeds
Margaret Court / Judy Tegart (champions)
Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King (third round)
Françoise Dürr / Ann Jones (third round)
Lesley Turner / Virginia Wade (first round)
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
References
External links
1969 Wimbledon Championships – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Doubles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Women's doubles
Wimbledon Championships
Wimbledon Championships |
The Cologne Bonn Region (German: Region Köln/Bonn) is a metropolitan area in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, covering the cities of Cologne, Bonn and Leverkusen, as well as the districts of Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis, Oberbergischer Kreis, Rhein-Erft-Kreis and Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. The region covers an area of 3,839 km² with 3.13 million inhabitants (population density 815/km²). The city centres of Cologne and Bonn are 24 kilometres apart as the crow flies. At the outer city limits, there are only 8 kilometres between Cologne-Libur and Bonn-Geislar.
The Cologne/Bonn Region was established by local governments within the Cologne Government Region in 1992, to promote common policies in regional and urban planning, traffic management, environment and investment. Among the most prominent co-operative projects are the Cologne/Bonn Airport, the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg and the former Bonn–Cologne Railway Company. Also the Stadtbahn of both cities are connected, so there are light rail trains from Cologne Stadtbahn in Bonn and the Bonn Stadtbahn in Cologne. The largest local banks, Sparkasse KölnBonn and Volksbank Köln Bonn, operate in both cities. Both cities are directly connected by the autobahn A555.
The Cologne/Bonn region lies within the larger Rhine-Ruhr region, and forms a counterbalance to the more integrated Ruhr area, which also lies within the Rhine-Ruhr. Since 2008, studies have been undertaken to incorporate cities of the Lower Rhine region (most notably the city of Düsseldorf) into the alliance, in order to form a Rhineland metropolitan region (Metropolregion Rheinland).
Larger Urban Zones
Eurostat's Urban Audit splits the Cologne/Bonn region into two Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). These two Urban Zones do not cover the district of Oberbergischer Kreis.
Population figures for 2012
See also
Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region
Ruhr Metropolitan Region
Metropolitan regions in Germany
References
External links
Region Köln/Bonn
Regional Marketing Cologne Bonn Ltd
Geography of Cologne
Bonn
Leverkusen
Rhineland
Metropolitan areas of Germany
Regions of North Rhine-Westphalia |
Juan Antonio de Iza Zamácola y Ocerín (1756–1826) was a Spanish journalist, historian and writer. He is best known for his music criticism and his collections of folk songs.
References
Spanish male writers
1756 births
1826 deaths
18th-century Spanish journalists
19th-century Spanish journalists |
The Tour of the Zenne Valley () was a men's road cycling road race that took place annually from 1962 to 1976 around Dworp, in Belgian Flemish Brabant.
The competition's roll of honor includes the successes of Rik Van Looy and Eddy Merckx.
Winners
References
Cycle races in Belgium
1962 establishments in Belgium
Defunct cycling races in Belgium
Recurring sporting events established in 1962
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1976
1976 disestablishments in Belgium |
Hooping (also called hula hooping or hoop dance) is the manipulation of and artistic movement or dancing with a hoop (or hoops). Hoops can be made of metal, wood, or plastic. Hooping combines technical moves and tricks with freestyle or technical dancing. Hooping can be practiced to or performed with music. In contrast to the classic toy hula hoop, modern hoopers use heavier and larger diameter hoops, and frequently rotate the hoop around parts of the body other than the waist, including the hips, chest, neck, shoulders, thighs, knees, arms, hands, thumbs, feet, and toes. The hoop can also be manipulated and rotated off the body as well. Modern hooping has been influenced by art forms such as rhythmic gymnastics, hip-hop, freestyle dance, fire performance, twirling, poi, and other dance and movement forms.
Hooping is a physical dexterity activity that has been described as a part of flow arts, and a form of object manipulation. It is sometimes described as a form of juggling.
In its modern incarnation as an art or dance form, and form of exercise, the practice of manipulating a hoop is referred to either as hoop dance or simply hooping. Hoop dance artists commonly refer to themselves, and the greater hoop dance community, as hoopers.
The hoop
Hoopers generally use hoops crafted from polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 7/8", or 1" diameter) tubing and wrap the hoop with colorful tape, which serves the dual purpose of providing decoration and grip. These modern hoops differ from the water-filled plastic toys commonly available for children. The heavier weight of these hoops allows for more controlled movement around the body; the larger diameter and heavier rotational mass allows for both slower rotation, and ease of learning moves such as "portal" tricks, where the hooper steps through the hoop while it is still rotating. In contrast, children's hoops are typically made of lightweight plastic, have a very small diameter, and are incredibly difficult for most adults to use.
Traditionally, Circus hoopers such as Elena Lev (of Cirque du Soleil) typically use lightweight hoops made of aluminium, or, in earlier days, wood. Nowadays, however modern circus hoopers like Lisa Lottie will choose lightweight plastics such as Polypropylene.
Typically, an adult will begin with a hoop of approximately 38-44" diameter. While these hoops may seem huge compared to children's hoops, they are typically required for adults to learn the skill quickly. As their skill improves people can use hoops of a smaller diameter. Advanced hoopers typically use a hoop between 30" and 36" diameter. There are however hoops that go all the way down to an 18" diameter and lower, these are mainly used by hoopers of a higher skill level. These hoops are called mini hoops.
Many modern hoopers make their own hoops out of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, or polypropylene tubing. The size and the weight of the hoop affects style of the hooper. Heavier, larger hoops are more often used for slow hooping and body tricks while lighter, thinner tubing is used for quick hand tricks. These hoops may be covered in a fabric or plastic tape to ease the amount of work in keeping a hoop twirling around the dancer, and can be very colourful. Some use glow-in-the dark, patterned, or sparkling tape, and others are produced with clear tubing and filled with plastic balls, glitter, or even water to produce visual or audio effects when used.
Hoops can be made collapsible for easy transport and versatility: each hoop breaks down into four or more pieces to later be reassembled. Other collapsible hoops are simply twisted down, and folded in half for easy storage.
Other types of hoops are also used by hoopers, including fire hoops and LED or glow hoops.
History
Ancient
The earliest known incidence of hooping was in ancient Egypt as early as 1000 BC, where children used large hoops made of grape vines, which they rolled along the ground propelled by sticks, or swung around their waists a la the modern hoop. In other parts of the ancient world, hoops were made of stiff grasses as opposed to vine.
Old world
In the 14th century, recreational hooping swept across England. The records of doctors at the time attribute numerous dislocated backs and heart attacks to "hooping." The word "hula" became associated with the toy in the early 19th century when British sailors visited the Hawaiian Islands and noted the similarity between "hooping" and traditional hula dancing.
Independently, Native Americans developed their own traditions surrounding the Hoop Dance. Native American Hoop Dance focuses on very rapid moves, and the construction of hoop formations around and about the body. Up to 30 hoops may be used in storytelling rituals to create formations such as the butterfly, the eagle, the snake, and the coyote. Native American hoops are typically of very small diameter (1 to 2.5 feet).
The late 1800s and early 1900s saw the introduction of hoop dancing into the world of physical fitness; a Swedish instructor began to incorporate the hoop into his special training system for dancers and musicians.
Twentieth century
In 1957, an Australian company began manufacturing bamboo hoops for sale in retail stores. This caught the attention of a new California-based toy company by the name of Wham-O, founded by Richard P. Knerr and Arthur K. Melin. In 1958, Knerr and Melin traveled to playgrounds across Southern California, where they gave away free hula hoops and performed hooping demonstrations for the children. From this humble beginning, over 25 million hula hoops were sold in a four-month period.
Today
The annual Burning Man festival has also served as a melting pot and fertile ground for hoopers from all around the world to share their tricks, techniques, and energy. Ubiquitous grassroots "hoop jams" and "convergences" such as HoopCamp (Watsonville, CA), Hoop Convergence (Efland, NC), SWOOP (Bristol, UK), and Return to Roots Hoop Gathering (Medford, NJ) happen throughout the world almost every month of the year. These meet-ups, as well as various online communities, are the foundations of the hooping subculture.
An international celebration called World Hoop Day began in 2007 and has continued every year since. Hoopers perform in many cities and countries to raise money for charity and donate hoops to people who cannot afford them.
Native American Hoop Dance has been recognized as a cultural heritage. The most popular Native Hoop Dance competition occurs annually at the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona. Recent competitions have drawn as many as 10,000 spectators.
Hooping has recently become more popular as an activity in dance studios, as a circus skill, and through its inclusion in music videos and films.
Hoop busker
A hoop busker is a street performer who performs artistic movement with one or more hoops in the dance style of hooping.
Performances given by a hoop busker will usually combine hooping with other disciplines including acrobatics, contortion, juggling, singing, and playing one or more musical instruments. There are many busker festivals around the world that feature one or more hoop buskers including the World Buskers Festival held annually in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Fire hooping
A fire hoop consists of a hoop with one to six spokes radiating outward. The spokes typically extend 6-8 inches from the connection points on the hoop, and are capped with a roll of cotton and Kevlar wicking, which can then be lit. This design keeps the fire a fair distance from the hooper's body. Any skill where fire is a component risks injury to the person doing it.
The construction and weight of the fire hoop, combined with the fact that it is on fire, limits the possible moves or tricks than those possible with a standard hoop. Some modern fire hoops have been designed to be much lighter, with smaller diameter tubing and with flexible wick spokes. The use of these hoops has enabled hoopers to perform a greater range of tricks than with standard fire hoops.
LED hooping
LED hooping involves the use of a translucent or transparent hoop which has multiple LEDs inside the tube. LED hoops have internal batteries and are lit with light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
These hoops are slightly heavier than standard hoops, although typically lighter than fire hoops .
There are a variety of LED hoops that hoopers use including ones with various color LEDs, ones that are programmable through the use of a microchip and ones that are collapsible.
Programmable hoops can be programmed to create patterns due to the persistence of vision effect. The quickly changing the color of the LEDs, and the movement of the hoop can create basic pixel images or geometric patterns. Some models incorporate motion sensors to produce more elaborate visual effects in response to the motion of the hoop and the user, as well as wireless interfaces for control and synchronization.
The standard grip tape is not typically used on LED hoops because it would block the lights. Sanded tubing can provide added friction, as can a thin strip of grip tape along the inside of the hoop.
Fitness
In recent years hooping has become popularized as a fitness regimen alongside kickboxing, breakdancing and bellydancing. Hoop dance classes can now be found in gyms, and is often combined with Pilates or yoga disciplines, all of which build strength, balance, and flexibility.
Hooping improves cardiovascular health and burns calories, since it is a type of aerobic exercise. A study by the American Council on Exercise found that a thirty-minute hooping workout burns around 200 calories. A 2015 study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research found that during a six-week trial with weighted hoops, participants lost an average of 1.3 inches (3.3 centimeters) from their waistline and 0.5 inch (1.27 centimeters) from their hips. Hooping works many muscles in the body and has the potential to build core muscle strength while improving flexibility and balance.
World records
Duration
The longest continuous hula hooping record was held for a decade by Aaron Hibbs from Columbus, Ohio who kept a hoop spinning for 74 hours and 54 minutes from October 22–25, 2009. In November 2019, Jenny Doan broke that record by hula-hooping for 100 hours at the District Brew Yards in Chicago, following the Guinness World Record protocol.
Simultaneous twirling
The record for most hula hoops twirled at the same time is 200, by Marawa Ibrahim set on November 25, 2015.
Simultaneous dancing
On February 19, 2013, 4,483 people swung hula hoops to dance music for seven minutes. They did this without interruption at Thammasat University stadium in Thailand, setting a world record for the most people dancing with hula hoops simultaneously in one place.
Other records
The largest hoop successfully twirled was in diameter, by Ashrita Furman of the United States in September, 2010.
In 2000, Roman Schedler spun a 53-pound tractor tyre for 71 seconds at the 5th Saxonia Record Festival in Bregenz, Austria.
In April 2010, 70 hoopers on Team Hooprama hula hooped the Music City Half-Marathon () to raise awareness and funds for Hooping for Hope.
In March 2013, the largest hula hoop workout (407 participants) was achieved at Ravenscraig Regional Sports Facility in Scotland by North Lanarkshire Leisure and Powerhoop Fitness.
See also
Hoop rolling
The Hooping Life
Native American Hoop Dance
References
External links
Hooping on the Open Directory Project
Hooping.org online hub for the worldwide hooping community since 2003
infinitecircles.org An online hooping community
Street performance
Novelty and fad dances
Twirling
Sports culture
Youth culture
Musical subcultures
Native American dances |
Pronexus is a software company established in 1994 and located in Ottawa, Ontario. They specialise in producing tools for voice applications and Interactive Voice Response (IVR) tools that developers can use to integrate voice/speech technology in business systems. The company is well-known for its development of VBVoice, which is a rapid application development (RAD) Interactive Voice Response (IVR) toolkit for telephony and speech that developers can use in Microsoft Visual Studio. First introduced in 1994, VBVoice includes a graphical user interface (GUI) for call flow and call control. The VBVoice toolkit enables developers to create various IVR applications, such as auto attendants, outbound IVRs, predictive dialers, and self-service IVRs.
History
2020
ProNexus LLC. joined the Oracle NetSuite Solution Provider Program
2010
Pronexus releases VBVoice 7
Pronexus launches IVR solutions locator
Pronexus achieves Microsoft Gold Certified Partner status
Pronexus partners with distributor Bludis
2009
Pronexus opens Compentency Center in Mumbai, India under joint operating agreement with Techtree IT
Pronexus wins its 14th Product of the Year award for VBVoice
VBVoice 5.6 IVR Development Application voted "Best Development Tool" at World's Communication Conference – ITEXPO EAST 2009
2007
Pronexus introduces a Japanese version of its Interactive Voice Response (IVR) toolkit VBVoice
2004
Pronexus awarded "Innovation Award of Excellence - Exporting"
2003
Gary T. Hannah named a recipient of the 'Forty under 40' Award
2001
Gary T. Hannah and employees acquire Pronexus ownership, making it a 100% private, Canadian corporation
2000
Active Voice takes 100% interest in Pronexus, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Active Voice
Gary T. Hannah is named president and CEO of Pronexus
Pronexus announces partnership with Nuance Communications
1997
Active Voice acquires 51% shares in Pronexus
1996
VBVoice awarded 1st Computer Telephony Product of the Year
1994
Pronexus is incorporated and VBVoice is launched, Microsoft an early adopter
1993
Ian Bowles, founder of Pronexus, starts programming VBVoice
References
Companies based in Ottawa
Telephony
Software companies of Canada |
Hugh Montgomery, 2nd Viscount Montgomery of the Great Ards, (1597–1642) was an Irish aristocrat who supported the Royalist cause in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
Biography
Montgomery was born in 1597 son of Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of the Great Ards, Ireland, and Sara Maxwell, daughter of Sir John Maxwell, 4th Lord Herries of Terregles. Montgomery was a colonel in the Royalist army during the Irish Rebellion of 1641. He died on 15 November 1642.
Marriage and children
Montgomery married Jean, eldest daughter of William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling, Secretary of State for Scotland and Janet Erskine, (d. autumn 1670), who survived him and remarried to Major-General Robert Monro. By his wife he had four children:
Hugh Montgomery, 1st Earl of Mount Alexander, eldest son and heir;
James Montgomery;
Henry Montgomery;
Elizabeth Montgomery.
References
Sources
1597 births
1642 deaths
Viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland |
Janice Kim is an American professional Go player, author, and business-owner.
Early life and education
Kim was born in Illinois in 1969 and grew up in New Mexico. She earned a bachelor's degree from New York University.
Career
As a teenager, she studied Go in Korea under Jeong Soo-hyon. She represented the U.S. in the first World Youth Go Championship in 1984, placing third. In 1986, she played for the U.S. again and won the event. In 1987, she became the first westerner to be accepted by the Korea Baduk Association as a pro. She remains one of only five western females ever to attain professional status (with Joanne Missingham, Svetlana Shikshina, Diana Koszegi and Mariya Zakharchenko).
In 1997, she created Samarkand, an online store for go-related items. Samarkand later became wholesale only. In 2003, she was promoted to a 3-Dan professional Go player, the first female westerner to do so. Kim is the author of the Getting Go articles that accompany installments of Hikaru No Go, a manga about a boy who releases the spirit of a famous Go player, in the American magazine Shonen Jump. She also writes occasionally for The American Go E-Journal.
Personal life
Kim lived in New York City, Denver, and San Francisco Bay Area before settling in New Mexico with her family. She has since become a professional poker player.
Bibliography
Learn to Play Go: A Master's Guide to the Ultimate Game ()
Learn to Play Go: Volume II: The Way of the Moving Horse ()
Learn to Play Go: Volume III: The Dragon Style ()
Learn to Play Go: Volume IV: Battle Strategies ()
Learn to Play Go: Volume V: The Palace of Memory ()
See also
American Go Association
Go professional
Go players
References
External links
American Go Association
1969 births
Living people
American Go players
Go (game) writers
21st-century American women writers
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers |
George Chamier (8 April 1842–25 April 1915) was a New Zealand engineer, surveyor and novelist. He was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England on 8 April 1842.
Writings
The Utilisation of Water in South Australia, 1886
Philosopher Dick, 1890
A south sea siren, 1895
The Story of a successful man, 1895
War and Pessimism, and Other Studies, 1911
References
1842 births
1915 deaths
New Zealand engineers
New Zealand surveyors
British emigrants to the Colony of New Zealand
New Zealand male novelists
19th-century New Zealand novelists
19th-century male writers
19th-century New Zealand engineers |
The UAZ-452 is a family of four wheel drive off-road vans and light trucks with body-on-frame construction and cab over engine design, built by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) since 1965. Since 1985, the vans received updates: more modern engines and internationally compliant lighting, as well as new model numbers, UAZ-3741 for the standard van, while (crew-cab) trucks mostly starting with UAZ-3303, often with one or two extra digits specifying the version. From 1997, bigger UAZ-33036 truck variants with a 25 cm (10 in) longer wheelbase, and taller soft-top roof bows and drop-sides were added.
Overview
The model's predecessor, the UAZ-450 (produced between 1958 and 1966), was based on the chassis and engine of the four-wheel drive light truck GAZ-69, and was the first "forward control" vehicle of this type to be built in Russia or anywhere else in the Soviet Union. The UAZ-450 was lightly revised and simplified, resulting in the UAZ-452. Because of the external similarities to a loaf of bread, the van became known as Буханка (bukhanka, or 'loaf' in Russian). The ambulance version was nicknamed Таблетка (tabletka, a pill). The van is produced in several modifications, with the main difference being the body type (e.g. UAZ-3741 van (known as bukhanka), or the UAZ-3303 pickup truck, which is known as golovastik, tadpole).
The body of the van is normally equipped with two front doors, a single-wing door on the right side and a double-wing door at the rear, although the exact configuration can vary depending on the specific modification. Notable in the van are the fuel ports on the left and the right side of the van, leading to two separate fuel tanks.
The engine, placed between the driver and the passenger seats, was the same UMZ-452MI inline-four as the UAZ-469, and was able to run on gasoline of as low as 72 octane (76 was preferred).
History
Vehicles produced between 1965–1979 were equipped with old-style lights: turn signal lights were colorless (white), rear lights were round, and the back of the body was rounder. Subsequent post-1979 models got amber (yellow) signal lights, and rear lights were slightly bigger and rectangular.
In 1985 the van was upgraded and spun off into separate submodels: UAZ-39625, UAZ-3962, UAZ-3303, UAZ-3909 and UAZ-2206. The upgrade consisted of lighting fixtures that met modern international requirements, alarms, a new instrument panel, and a new speedometer. The brakes were redesigned. The engine was also upgraded, and its power output increased to 99 hp against the previous 78 hp.
In the early 2000s, the model was given new plastic side mirrors taken from the GAZ GAZelle van, headrests on front seats; and new passenger seats for a minibus version (UAZ-2206) were also given headrests. The pickup truck (UAZ-3303) was fitted with a metal body instead of a wooden one.
In subsequent years, the engine was upgraded to meet modern emissions requirements, and the van was also fitted with an injury-reducing plastic steering wheel.
In March 2011, models UAZ-39625, UAZ-3962, and UAZ-2206 received upgrades, consisting of ABS brakes, power steering, seat belts and the Euro-4 engine as standard equipment.
Models
Former
UAZ-452 variants:
UAZ-452 – van, the main version
UAZ-452A – ambulance, aka "санитарка" (Sanitarka - the medic lady), popularly nicknamed the "таблетка" (tabletka - "tablet" or "pill"). The van could seat up to 4 stretchers or 6 on the benches and one accompanying both. The vehicle was not comfortable for people on the move, as suspension in the submodel remained that of the standard model, but this van was, and in many places is still the only ambulance vehicle that can reach some of the most remote places.
UAZ-452AS – ambulance for Arctic areas
UAZ-452AE – chassis cab for installation of various equipment
UAZ-452V – convertible van wagon
UAZ-452D – a truck with double cab and wooden body (cutaway-van chassis)
UAZ-452DG – experimental 6x6 version
UAZ-452G – ambulance with different capacity from the UAZ-452A
UAZ-452K – experimental 16-seater three-axle bus (6×4) (1973).
UAZ-452P – tractor
Current
List of current UAZ-452 models:
UAZ-2206 – 6 to 11 seat Minibus
UAZ–22069 – a modification of the UAZ-2206 with a 98-horsepower engine UMZ-4218.10, increasing to 2.9 liters volume. Rough terrain buses provide permanent all-wheel drive and increased ground clearance. The maximum speed of 110–115 km/h.
UAZ-3303 (UAZ-452D) Golovastik (En:Tadpole) – pickup truck with a 2-person all-metal cab
UAZ-3741 – all-metal cargo van capable of carrying loads up to 850 kg
UAZ-3909 – "фермер" (farmer), Combi which carries 6 passengers and 450 kg of cargo; the rear compartment is separated from the front (driver's) row with a window.
UAZ-3909i – military ambulance with a red cross on the roof and bonnet
UAZ-3962 – "Tabletka" (Tablet) ambulance, can accommodate up to 9 people or equivalent load.
UAZ-39625 – strict passenger and cargo version of the UAZ-3962. Differs from the 3909 version in the fact that the 3909 version has real and stationary passenger seats, and a separate not glassed-in cargo compartment behind the passenger compartment; and a fully glazed version 39625 has seats installed in the cargo hold, and the sides have a hinged bench.
UAZ-39094 – crewcab pickup truck with a 10 cm metal platform with a wooden floor equipped with a removable frame tent and awning, 3 dropsides. Cargo bed replaceable by utility and special service bodies.
Users
Specifications
Gallery
See also
Barkas B 1000
Jeep Forward Control
Land Rover 101 Forward Control
Volvo C303, 4x4 cab-over vans
Volkswagen Type 2 ("Microbus")
References
This article has been brought over from the Russian Wikipedia article.
External links
UAZ official site
UAZ-452 official site
Military vehicles of the Soviet Union
Soviet automobiles
Military light utility vehicles
UAZ
Cars of the Soviet Union
1960s cars
1970s cars
1980s cars
1990s cars
2000s cars
2010s cars
Cab over off-road vehicles
Cab over vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s |
Kosmos 129 ( meaning Cosmos 129) or Zenit-2 No.33 was a Soviet, first generation, low resolution, optical film-return reconnaissance satellite launched in 1966. A Zenit-2 spacecraft, Kosmos 129 was the forty-second of eighty-one such satellites to be launched and had a mass of .
Kosmos 129 was launched by a Vostok-2 rocket, serial number U1500-05, flying from Site 41/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The launch took place at 12:14 GMT on 14 October 1966, and following its successful arrival in orbit the spacecraft received its Kosmos designation; along with the International Designator 1966-091A and the Satellite Catalog Number 02491.
Kosmos 129 was operated in a low Earth orbit, at an epoch of 14 October 1966, it had a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 65.0°, and an orbital period of 89.4 minutes. After seven days in orbit, Kosmos 129 was deorbited, with its return capsule descending under parachute, landing at 06:14 GMT on 21 October 1966, and recovered by Soviet force.
References
Kosmos satellites
Spacecraft launched in 1966
Spacecraft which reentered in 1966
Zenit-2 satellites
1966 in the Soviet Union |
Orlando Bolivar Willcox (April 16, 1823 – May 11, 1907) was an American soldier who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Early life
Willcox was born in Detroit, Michigan. He entered the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York, in 1843. Following graduation in 1847, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the 4th U.S. Artillery. He would subsequently serve in the United States Army in various capacities over a period of forty years. Willcox served in the Mexican–American War, fought against the Indians on the frontier, and again in the Third Seminole War. Following the latter conflict, he resigned from the Army in 1857.
Civil War
When the Civil War began, Willcox was practicing law in Detroit. He was appointed colonel of the 1st Michigan Volunteer Infantry. He was wounded and captured in the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) while in command of a brigade in Maj. Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman's division. He later received the Medal of Honor in 1895 for "most distinguished gallantry" during the battle.
After his release and exchange more than a year later, on August 19, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Willcox a brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from July 1, 1861. The President had to submit the nomination three times, the last on March 7, 1863, before the U.S. Senate finally confirmed the appointment on March 11, 1863. Willcox commanded the 1st Division of Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside's IX Corps in 1862. He led the division at the Battle of Antietam and the corps at the Battle of Fredericksburg.
During the 1863 draft riots, Willcox commanded the District of Indiana and Michigan. He again led a division at Knoxville and during Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign. On December 12, 1864, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Willcox for appointment to the brevet grade of major general of volunteers to rank from August 1, 1864, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on April 14, 1865. Following the Siege of Petersburg, he led the first troops to enter Petersburg, Virginia, before ending the war serving in North Carolina. He was mustered out of the volunteers on January 15, 1866.
Later life
Willcox returned to Detroit to resume his career as a lawyer but when the United States (Regular Army) was expanded in July 1866, he accepted appointment as colonel of the 29th U.S. Infantry Regiment.
On March 26, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Willcox for appointment to the brevet grade of brigadier general, USA (regular army), to rank from March 2, 1867, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on April 5, 1867. Also, on the same dates of nomination, rank and confirmation, President Johnson nominated and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment of Willcox to the brevet grade of major general, USA (regular army).
Willcox transferred to the 12th U.S. Infantry Regiment in 1869 and served in San Francisco, except for brief periods, until 1878 when he became Commander of the Department of Arizona. In this capacity, he put down the raids of Apache Indians. For his service in the West, he was awarded a Vote of Thanks by the Arizona Legislature. Willcox was appointed a brigadier general, USA (regular army), October 13, 1886. From 1886 to 1887, he was head of the Department of the Missouri. He retired April 16, 1887 as a brigadier general. After his retirement, Willcox was governor of the Soldiers' Home in Washington, D.C. from February 27, 1889 to July 8, 1892.
General Willcox was a member of the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.
Willcox moved to Canada in 1905. He died in Cobourg, Ontario, at 84 years of age but was buried in Section 1, Grave 18, of Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
Honors
The town of Willcox, Arizona is named in his honor.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Colonel, 1st Michigan Infantry. Place and date: At Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Entered service at: Detroit, Mich. Birth: Detroit, Mich. Date of issue: March 2, 1895.
Citation
Led repeated charges until wounded and taken prisoner.
See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z
List of American Civil War generals (Union)
Notes
References
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. .
New York Times, "Brig. Gen. Willcox Dead, He Was a Veteran of the Mexican and Civil Wars and Indian Campaigns", May 11, 1907, p. 7.
Further reading
Forgotten Valor: the memoirs, journals and Civil War letters of Orlando B. Willcox, Orlando B. Willcox and Robert Garth Scott (ed) (1999)
External links
1823 births
1907 deaths
Military personnel from Detroit
United States Military Academy alumni
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Members of the Aztec Club of 1847
American people of the Seminole Wars
Union Army generals
People of Michigan in the American Civil War
American Civil War prisoners of war
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Members of the Sons of the American Revolution
United States Army generals |
Agriculture is an important part of the economy of Hawaii. Though Hawaii relies heavily on imports of food from mainland United States and other parts of the world, export of cash crop specific to the tropical growing environment of Hawaii has made agriculture one of the more important economic sectors.
During the early part of control of Hawaii by the United States, early cash crops included pineapple and sugar, which were tightly controlled by a small network of businessmen "the Big Five", who monopolized control of the sugar industry's profits. The industry has since diversified in terms of ownership in exports.
According to the USDA in 2022, the state of Hawaii had over 7300 farm operations working on 1,100,000 acres. By weight, honey bees may be the state's most valuable export. According to the Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service, agricultural sales were million from diversified agriculture, million from pineapple, and million from sugarcane. Hawaii's relatively consistent climate has attracted the seed industry, which is able to test three generations of crops per year on the islands, compared with one or two on the mainland. Seeds yielded million in 2012, supporting 1,400 workers.
Historic practices
Aquaculture
Crops
Coffee
Macadamia nuts
Sugar
Wine
Issues
GMOs
References
Agriculture in Hawaii
History of Hawaii |
Covadonga (Asturian: Cuadonga, from cova domnica "Cave of Our Lady") is one of 11 parishes in Cangas de Onís, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in Northwestern Spain. It is situated in the Picos de Europa mountains.
With a permanent population of 58 (2008), it consists essentially of the "Real Sitio de Covadonga"/"Real Sitiu de Cuadonga" also known as the "cradle of Spain", a pilgrimage site dedicated to Our Lady of Covadonga/Cuadonga and commemorating the Battle of Covadonga of 718/722.
History
The Battle of Covadonga of c. 722 was the first Christian victory in the Iberian Peninsula over the Arabs invading from north Africa under the Umayyad banner, and is often considered to be the start of the almost eight century-long effort to expel Muslim rulers governing Iberia during the Reconquista. Our Lady of Covadonga is a significant Marian shrine. The Spanish Army has, over the years, named several of its units "Covadonga".
In the mountains above the town are located the two lakes of Covadonga, Enol and Ercina, and the road leading to the lakes is often featured in the Vuelta a España bicycle race.
Sanctuary
The Sanctuary of Covadonga is a monument dedicated to Our Lady of Covadonga that commemorates the Battle of Covadonga. It comprises the
Basílica de Santa María la Real de Covadonga ("Basilica of Saint Mary the Royal of Covadonga"), a church built in the 19th century to a design by Roberto Frassinelli,
Santa Cueva de Covadonga ("Holy Cave of Covadonga"), in which the bodies of Kings Pelagius and Alfonso I lie,
Collegiate church of Nuestra Señora de Covadonga, built in the 16th century and declared a Bien de Interés Cultural ("Property of Cultural Interest") in 1884,
Monasterio de San Pedro ("Monastery of Saint Peter"), and
Esplanade, with the Museum of the Real Sitio de Covadonga ("Royal Site of Covadonga").
Gallery
See also
Alfonso, Count of Covadonga
Edelmira, Countess of Covadonga
Spanish schooner Virgen de Covadonga
References
External links
Covadonga
Real sitio de Covadonga
Parishes in Cangas de Onis
Reconquista
Picos de Europa |
Jason Valentine St Juste (born 21 September 1985 in Leeds) is a Kittitian footballer who plays for Ossett Town. He previously played in the Football League for Darlington.
Playing career
St Juste started his career under the guidance of Simon Clifford at Garforth Town. He became a graduate of the Leeds Brazilian Soccer School's program and was spotted by Football League Two side Darlington, joining them early in the 2004–05 season.
He made his Darlington debut in November 2004, playing as a substitute for Adrian Webster in the 2–0 win away to Cheltenham Town. He made his second appearance for Darlington on 3 January 2005 as he played the full 90 minutes and helped the team to a 3–1 win over Macclesfield Town.
On 19 March 2005 St Juste made his seventh appearance for Darlington in an away match against Grimsby Town, scoring his first goal for the club. St Juste hit headlines by scooping a hat-trick of awards. He walked away with the young player of the season and both goal of the season awards for his goals against Grimsby Town and Bristol Rovers.
He was out of contract at the end of the 2004–05 season and was linked with Southampton who initially insisted that they did not want to sign him. However, he eventually signed for Southampton on a short-term contract in September 2005 following Simon Clifford's appointment as a coach at the club.
He failed to appear for Southampton and rejoined Garforth Town in November 2006. He left Garforth to join Sandnes Ulf in 2009.
In February 2011 St Juste signed on loan for non-league 'phoenix club' Chester F.C. until the end of the season but his loan was cancelled at the end of March after he failed to make an impact whilst on loan.
He later joined FC Halifax Town in September 2011. Despite coming on from the bench in most games, Jason was able to score in two games for the Shaymen, at home to Blyth Spartans and away at Corby Town. In the 2012–13 season, St Juste started more games due to a groin injury to Scott McManus, but this meant playing in an unfamiliar left back position. St Juste had a very strong start to the season, including a goal against Chelmsford City in the FA Trophy Third Round, but a hernia meant that he would spend a month on the sidelines.
He joined Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C. on 5 September 2015.
In summer 2016 he joined Boston United. In summer 2017, he joined FC United of Manchester.
In September 2017 he moved to Trafford on dual registration terms.
International career
In August 2014, St Juste was called up to represent Saint Kitts and Nevis for the first time during 2014 Caribbean Cup qualification.
Honours
North Ferriby United
FA Trophy: 2014–15
References
External links
Farsley Profile
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Leeds
Saint Kitts and Nevis men's footballers
Saint Kitts and Nevis men's international footballers
English men's footballers
English sportspeople of Saint Kitts and Nevis descent
Men's association football midfielders
Garforth Town A.F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Sandnes Ulf players
Chester F.C. players
FC Halifax Town players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
Whitehawk F.C. players
Farsley Celtic F.C. players
North Ferriby United A.F.C. players
AFC Fylde players
English Football League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Southampton F.C. players
Boston United F.C. players
F.C. United of Manchester players
Trafford F.C. players |
Ab Kuch (, also Romanized as Āb Kūch) is a village in Hanza Rural District, Hanza District, Rabor County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 244, in 39 families.
References
Populated places in Rabor County |
The 2024 United States presidential election in Minnesota is scheduled to take place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia will participate. Minnesota voters will choose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Minnesota has 10 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state neither gained nor lost a seat. Although a Democratic-leaning state, Minnesota is expected to be targeted by both parties in 2024. Minnesota has the longest active streak of voting for Democratic presidential nominees of any state, as it has not voted for a Republican for president since Richard Nixon won the state in 1972. Despite this, the state is generally not seen as a safe blue state, evident by the fact that no Democrat since 1964 has won more than 55% of the vote in the state, with elections having been particularly close in 1984, 2000, 2004 and 2016. If the Democratic nominee wins in 2024, it will be the thirteenth consecutive Democratic win.
Incumbent president Joe Biden has stated that he intends to run for reelection to a second term.
Primary elections
Democratic primary
The Minnesota Democratic primary is scheduled be held on Super Tuesday, March 5, 2024.
Republican primary
The Minnesota Republican primary is scheduled be held on Super Tuesday, March 5, 2024.
General election
Polling
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump
Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis
See also
United States presidential elections in Minnesota
2024 United States presidential election
2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
2024 United States elections
Notes
References
Minnesota
2024
Presidential |
Noel Baba (Father Noel) is the Turkish version of Père Noël, which is a widely celebrated figure for New Year celebrations, substituting Christmas Holiday in predominantly Christian countries.
Noel Baba is the bearer of gifts to children and adults alike for the New Year. Just like the Christian Christmas Holiday celebrated in predominantly Christian countries, in Turkey he is expected to leave his gifts under a pine tree called New Year Tree for the New Year eve. For this purpose, he does not represent a religious persona but merely a secular imaginary figure.
See also
Ded Moroz
References
Christmas characters
Christmas traditions |
The Theodul Glacier (also spelled Theodule Glacier; , , ) is a glacier of the Alps, located south of Zermatt in the canton of Valais. It lies on the Swiss side of the Pennine Alps, although its upper basin touches the Italian region of the Aosta Valley. The glacier descends from the west side of the Breithorn () and splits into two diverging branches above Gandegg: the Upper Theodul Glacier (Oberer Theodulgletscher), spilling on a high plateau near Trockener Steg, together with the Furgg Glacier, and the Lower Theodul Glacier (Unterer Theodulgletscher), reaching a height of about above the Gorner Glacier. Both branches are part of the Rhone basin, through the rivers Gornera, Mattervispa, and Vispa. Slightly above the glacier splitting is the Theodul Pass, crossing the border between Switzerland and Italy, and connecting Zermatt to Breuil-Cervinia. On the west, the Theodul Glacier is overlooked by the Matterhorn.
Until about 1980s the Lower Theodul Glacier was still connected to the Gorner Glacier and one of its tributaries.
The upper section of the Theodul Glacier consists of a flat plateau at around 3,800 metres, named Breithorn Plateau. The plateau lies between the Breithorn, the Gobba di Rollin and the Klein Matterhorn. The Breithorn Pass (3,814 m) separates the Breithorn from the Gobba di Rollin (). A 3,795 m high saddle lies between the Gobba di Rollin and the Klein Matterhorn. Between the Klein Matterhorn and the Breithorn is a distinct glacier, named Klein Matterhorn Gletscher, which joins the Lower Theodul Glacier at about 3,000 metres. The Breithorn Plateau area can be easily accessed by several cable cars connecting Zermatt to the Klein Matterhorn.
At around 3,500 metres is the Plateau Rosa, whose name derives from the Valdôtain patois term Rouése, meaning "ice" (as for the nearby Monte Rosa). This area lies between Testa Grigia () (3,479 m) and the Klein Matterhorn, south of and slightly above the Theodul Pass. Southeast of Testa Grigia is a saddle named Passo di Ventina Nord (3,445 m). This area can also be easily accessed by several cable cars connecting Breuil-Cervinia to Testa Grigia.
Most of the glacier is part of the year-round ski area marketed as Matterhorn Glacier Paradise. It is the highest in Europe and largest summer ski area in the world, with 21 kilometres of prepared pistes. The culminating point is on the summit of Gobba di Rollin and the lowest is above Trockener Steg. The Matterhorn Glacier Paradise links the ski areas of Zermatt and Breuil-Cervina. Ski lifts connect Trockener Steg, Theodul Pass, Testa Grigia, Klein Matterhorn and Gobba di Rollin. A chair lift also connects Trockener Steg to the Furggsattel (3,349 m), north of the Theodul Pass.
Several lakes recently formed at the bottom of the Upper Theodul Glacier, west of Trockener Steg. The largest, named Theodulgletschersee is 7.76 ha wide and lies at an elevation of 2,851 metres above sea level. It is the highest lake over 4 ha in Switzerland and the largest lake in the Matter Valley (the valley of Zermatt). The second-largest, named Furggsee is 2.57 ha wide and lies at 2,874 metres.
Climate
The Theodul Glacier has an alpine climate (Koppen: ET)
References
Swisstopo topographic maps (1:25,000)
External links
Glaciers of Valais
Glaciers of the Alps
Skiing in the Alps
Skiing in Switzerland |
USS Endurance is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:
, a coastal minesweeper launched on 19 June 1941.
, an auxiliary repair dry dock, delivered to the Navy on 1 February 1944.
, a minesweeper launched 8 August 1952.
United States Navy ship names |
The right of conquest is a right of ownership to land after immediate possession via force of arms. It was recognized as a principle of international law that gradually deteriorated in significance until its proscription in the aftermath of World War II following the concept of crimes against peace introduced in the Nuremberg Principles. The interdiction of territorial conquests was confirmed and broadened by the UN Charter, which provides in article 2, paragraph 4, that "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations." Although civil wars continued, wars between established states have been rare since 1945. Nations that have resorted to the use of force since the Charter came into effect have typically invoked self-defense or the right of collective defense.
History and arguments
Proponents state that the right of conquest acknowledges the status quo, and that denial of the right is meaningless unless one is able and willing to use military force to deny it. Further, the right was traditionally accepted because the conquering force, being by definition stronger than any lawfully entitled governance which it may have replaced, was, therefore, more likely to secure peace and stability for the people, and so the right of conquest legitimizes the conqueror towards that end.
The completion of colonial conquest of much of the world (see the Scramble for Africa), the devastation of World War I and World War II, and the alignment of both the United States and the Soviet Union with the principle of self-determination led to the abandonment of the right of conquest in formal international law. The 1928 Kellogg–Briand Pact, the post-1945 Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, the UN Charter, and the UN role in decolonization saw the progressive dismantling of this principle. Simultaneously, the UN Charter's guarantee of the "territorial integrity" of member states.
Conquest and military occupation
Until 1945, the disposition of territory acquired under the principle of conquest had to be conducted according to the existing laws of war. This meant that there had to be military occupation followed by a peace settlement, and there was no reasonable chance of the defeated sovereign regaining the land. While a formal peace treaty "makes good any defects in title", it was not required. Recognition by the losing party was not a requirement: "the right of acquisition vested by conquest did not depend on the consent of the dispossessed state". However, the alternative was annexation (part or in whole) which if protested as unlawful, a peace treaty was the only means to legitimize conquest in a time of war. Essentially, conquest itself was a legal act of extinguishing the legal rights of other states without their consent. Under this new framework, it is notable that conquest and subsequent occupation outside of war were illegal.
In the post-World War II era, not all wars involving territorial acquisitions ended in a peace treaty. For example, the fighting in the Korean War paused with an armistice, without any peace treaty covering it. North Korea is still technically at war with South Korea and the United States as of 2023.
See also
References
Works cited
Law of war legal terminology
Property law
Political theories
Political terminology
International law
Sovereignty
Property law legal terminology
International law legal terminology |
Hanam City Hall Station is a subway station on the Hanam Line of Seoul Subway Line 5 in Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do.
Station layout
References
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Metro stations in Hanam
Seoul Subway Line 5
Railway stations in South Korea opened in 2021 |
The Satu Mare ghetto was one of the Nazi-era ghettos for European Jews during World War II. It was located in the city of Satu Mare () in Satu Mare County, Transylvania, now part of Romania, but administered as part of Szatmár County by the Kingdom of Hungary from the 1940 Second Vienna Award's grant of Northern Transylvania until late 1944. The ghetto was active in the spring of 1944, following Operation Margarethe.
History
Due to the relatively high number of Jews in the county, including the Satmar Hasidic dynasty, Hungarian authorities set up two ghettos - one in Satu Mare, and one in Baia Mare. Carei was initially also a ghetto site for the Jews of that city and its surroundings. However, after a short period, the inhabitants, led by a Judenrat composed of István Antal, Jenő Pfefferman, Ernő Deutsch, and Lajos Jakobovics, were transferred to Satu Mare.
On April 26, a regional ghettoization conference took place at Satu Mare; there, the county's representatives included László Csóka, mayor of Satu Mare; Endre Boér, assistant to the county prefect; Zoltán Rogozi Papp, assistant to Csóka; Ernő Pirkler, the city's secretary general; and members of the police and gendarmerie. Shortly after the conference, a meeting set up committees for arresting Jews in the city and its surroundings. The meeting was chaired by Csóka, and attended by Károly Csegezi, Béla Sárközi, and Jenő Nagy of the police, and N. Deményi of the gendarmerie. Additionally, members of the finance and education committees of Satu Mare took part in the committee work. Within the city, Csóka administered the ghettoization, while Boér handled the rest of the county.
At its peak, there were some 18,000 residents in the ghetto. They had been rounded up from the following districts: Ardud, Baia Mare, Carei, Copalnic-Mănăștur, Csenger, Fehérgyarmat, Mátészalka, Orașu Nou, Satu Mare, Șomcuta Mare, and Seini. Sárközi, the policeman in charge of the National Central Alien Control Office's local branch, commanded the ghetto. The Judenrat was headed by Zoltán Schwartz, and included Jewish community head Samuel Rosenberg, Singer, Lajos Vinkler, and József Borgida, all highly respected figures among the city's Jews.
The search for valuables was undertaken with the usual level of cruelty by Sárközi, Csegezi, and Deményi. A special unit of fifty gendarmes from the Mérk area increased their efficiency. The ghetto was liquidated in six transports: May 19 (3,006), May 22 (3,300), May 26 (3,336), May 29 (3,306), May 30 (3,300), and June 1 (2,615), with a total of 18,863 Jews sent to Auschwitz concentration camp.
References
External links
Jewish Romanian history
Jewish Hungarian history
History of Satu Mare
Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Hungary
1944 establishments in Hungary |
Clarkenia pantherina is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is endemic to Ecuador (Napo Province).
The wingspan is . The ground colour of the forewings is whitish cream with a slight yellowish admixture especially along the edges of the spots and in the apical area. The markings are brownish black. The hindwings are white cream, in the apical area tinged with brownish.
References
External links
Moths described in 2009
Endemic fauna of Ecuador
Euliini
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski |
Shalpin is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Union council Shalpin has 3 village councils i.e. Shalpin, Faqira and Bawrai.
Village council Faqira includes the following villages:
Faqira, Banda, Sholgara and Karal etc.
Shalpin is a village of Swat District situated 32 kilometres away from Mingaora. Elevation of the area is 4,300 ft. The most cultivated crops of the area are Wheat and Maize. Shalpin is also famous for its fruits like Peaches locally named is Shaltaloo, Apricots and Persimons. The Shalpin valley is diverse in vegetation. Pashtu is the most common language although few families in the mountain areas maybe speaking kohistani and gujri. Shalpin has a public high School for boys and girls and two private middle Schools. Shalpin also has a basic health Unit. People of Shalpin are highly educated and several alumni of high school are serving at different key positions in the country and abroad.
District Swat has 9 Tehsils i.e. Khwazakhela, Kabal, Madyan, Barikot, Mingora, and Kalam. Each Tehsill comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 65 union councils in district Swat, 56 rural and 9 urban.
See also
Swat District
References
External links
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Government website section on Lower Dir
United Nations
Hajjinfo.org Uploads
PBS paiman.jsi.com
Swat District
Populated places in Swat District
Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Union Councils of Swat District |
South Shore is a neighborhood in Alameda in Alameda County, California. It lies at an elevation of 13 feet (4 m). It is located mostly on landfill extending from the (old sea wall) original south shore of the island, now a chain of artificial lagoons. The land was created by the Utah Construction Company during the 1950s and 1960s, and the neighborhood was built in a more suburban style than the rest of the island, with a mix of Tract housing and large apartment complexes, and strict Single-use zoning. It is the location of the South Shore Center shopping complex, Alameda's only large shopping mall. The two mile long Crown Memorial State Beach lies along the neighborhood's southern shore.
See also
Bay Farm Island
Save the Bay
Utah Construction Company
References
Neighborhoods in Alameda, California |
Nagycenk is a large village in Győr-Moson-Sopron county in Hungary, on the Austrian border, near Sopron and the Lake Neusiedl/Lake Fertő.
Places of interest
Saint Stephen's Church
Széchenyi Mansion
Széchenyi Mausoleum
Széchenyi Railway Museum
References
External links
in Hungarian, English and German
Street map
Populated places in Győr-Moson-Sopron County |
Aaron Scotus, Irish abbot and musician, fl. late 10th century – 14 December 1052.
Background
Aaron was an Irish abbot and music theorist, the term Scotus at the time denoting Irish (person).
St. Martin's of Cologne
A Benedictine, Scotus was the abbot of St. Martin, Cologne, Germany in the year 1042. He pilgrimaged in his youth to Colonia to the Gaelic-Irish convent of St. Martin. He became abbot of the same in 1042. He was identified with Aaron, abbot of St. Pantaleon. Today historians reject this identification.
Work as a composer
It is believed that he first introduced the Gregorian evening service (nocturns) into Germany. He authored two historically important treaties: De utilitate cantus vocalis et de modo cantandi atque psallendi and De regulis tonorum et symphoniarum. The library of St. Martin, Cologne conserves his work Tractatum de utilitate cantus vocalis et de modo cantandi atque psallendi. He wrote three musical treatises, all of which have been lost.
Aaron died on 14 December 1052.
Bibliography
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie – online version
Slonimsky, Nicolas (ed.): Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 7th edition, New York: 1984). .
Huglo, Michel: "Aaron Scotus", Grove Music Online , ed. L. Macy, (subscription required; retrieved on 4 September 2007).
See also
Marianus Scotus
Blessed Marianus Scotus
Johannes Scotus Eriugena
Tilmo
References
Year of birth unknown
1052 deaths
11th-century German clergy
11th-century Irish writers
11th-century scholars
11th-century Irish abbots
Irish expatriates in Germany
Irish-language singers
11th-century writers in Latin
Medieval European scribes
Medieval Irish musicians |
Orna Ben-Ami (Hebrew: אורנה בן-עמי, born in 1953), is an Israeli sculptor and former journalist.
Early life
Ben-Ami was born in Rehovot and was raised in Ashdod, Israel.
In 1971, she joined the service at IDF and became the first female military correspondent for the Army Radio station "Gallei Zahal". Following her military service, she became a reporter and news editor for the Israeli Broadcasting Authority radio station.
Career
In 1998, Ben-Ami began to learn gold and silversmith at the Jerusalem Technological Center. She continued her studies in 1992 and enrolled in the Corcoran School of Art in Washington, D.C. where she studied sculpting.
In 2003, her exhibition, "Soft – Iron Sculpturing", was presented in seven museums around the United States, a museum in Taiwan and galleries in Paris and Rome. In 2005, she sculpted "Roots", which represented Israel in an international exhibition honouring 60 years of the United Nations in Geneva.
In 2017, her exhibition was hosted at United Nations headquarters in Geneva and New York City, under the title "Entire Life in a Package". The exhibition brought attention to the global refugee crisis. The exhibits were a combination of original "Reuters" photographs of refugees and iron sculpting.
Ben-Ami is married to Israeli journalist and broadcaster Oded Ben-Ami.
Selected solo exhibitions
Selected group exhibitions
Selected commissions and public sculptures
References
Israeli sculptors
Israeli journalists
Israeli women sculptors
Israeli women journalists
1953 births
Living people |
This is a list of Albanian football transfers in the summer transfer window 2010 by club.
Superliga
Besa Kavajë
In:
Out:
KF Tirana
In:
Out:
Flamurtari Vlorë
In:
Out:
Vllaznia Shkodër
In:
Out:
Shkumbini Peqin
In:
Out:
Teuta Durrës
In:
Out:
Skënderbeu Korçë
In:
Out:
Apolonia Fier
In:
Out:
Gramozi Ersekë
In:
Out:
References
External links
Footballdatabase.eu
Albania
Trans
2010 |
The Stickleback-class submarines were midget submarines of the British Royal Navy initially ordered as improved versions of the older s. They were designed to allow British defences to practice defending against midget submarines since it was theorised that the Soviet Union had or could develop such craft.
The Royal Navy developed plans to use these craft to carry a 15-kiloton nuclear naval mine (based on the Red Beard weapon) codenamed Cudgel into Soviet harbours. The project was unsuccessful as there were problems finding and paying for the necessary fissile material.
Boats
There were four boats, launched 1954–1955:
X51 Stickleback, launched 1 October 1954, sold to the Royal Swedish Navy in 1958 and was renamed Spiggen (Swedish name for "Stickleback"). After a period on display at the Imperial War Museum Duxford, and then in storage at Portsmouth Naval Dockyard, X51 was moved to the Scottish Submarine Centre in Helensburgh, where it has been on display since 2018.
X52 Shrimp, launched October 1954, scrapped 1965
X53 Sprat, launched 30 December 1954, loaned to US Navy 1958, scrapped 1966
X54 Minnow, launched 5 May 1955, scrapped 1966
Citations
References
Submarine classes |
Linneman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Moos Linneman (1931–2020), Dutch boxer
Peter Linneman (born 1951), American businessman
See also
Linneman Building, a historic building in Lima, Ohio, United States
Linnemann |
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