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Copamyntis ceroprepriella is a species of snout moth in the genus Copamyntis. It is found in Australia.
References
Moths described in 1901
Phycitini |
András Fejes (born 26 August 1988, in Székesfehérvár) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for III. Kerületi TVE.
Club statistics
References
Profile at HLSZ
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Székesfehérvár
Hungarian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Fehérvár FC players
FC Felcsút players
Puskás Akadémia FC players
BFC Siófok players
MTK Budapest FC players
Paksi FC players
Győri ETO FC players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Nemzeti Bajnokság II players |
Mirkwood is a name used for a great dark fictional forest in novels by Sir Walter Scott and William Morris in the 19th century, and by J. R. R. Tolkien in the 20th century. The critic Tom Shippey explains that the name evoked the excitement of the wildness of Europe's ancient North.
At least two distinct Middle-earth forests are named Mirkwood in Tolkien's legendarium. One is in the First Age, when the highlands of Dorthonion north of Beleriand became known as Mirkwood after falling under Morgoth's control. The more famous Mirkwood was in Wilderland, east of the river Anduin. It had acquired the name Mirkwood after it fell under the influence of the Necromancer; before that it had been known as Greenwood the Great. This Mirkwood features significantly in The Hobbit and in the film The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug.
The term Mirkwood derives from the forest Myrkviðr of Norse mythology; that forest has been identified by scholars as representing a wooded region of Ukraine at the time of the wars between the Goths and the Huns in the fourth century. A Mirkwood was used by the novelist Sir Walter Scott in his 1814 novel Waverley, and then by William Morris in his 1889 fantasy novel The House of the Wolfings. Forests play a major role in the invented history of Tolkien's Middle-earth and are important in the heroic quests of his characters. The forest device is used as a mysterious transition from one part of the story to another.
In Walter Scott's Waverley
The name Mirkwood was used by Walter Scott in his 1814 novel Waverley, which had
In William Morris's fantasies
William Morris used Mirkwood in his fantasy novels. His 1889 The Roots of the Mountains is set in such a forest, while the forest setting in his The House of the Wolfings, also first published in 1889, is actually named Mirkwood. The book begins by describing the wood:
In Tolkien's writings
A Mirkwood appears in several places in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, among several forests that play important roles in his storytelling. Projected into Old English, it appears as Myrcwudu in his The Lost Road, as a poem sung by Ælfwine. He used the name Mirkwood in another unfinished work, The Fall of Arthur. But the name is best known and most prominent in his Middle-earth legendarium, where it appears as two distinct forests, one in the First Age in Beleriand, as described in The Silmarillion, the other in the Third Age in Rhovanion, as described in both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
The First Age forest in Beleriand
In The Silmarillion, the forested highlands of Dorthonion in the north of Beleriand (in the northwest of Middle-earth) eventually fell under Morgoth's control and was subjugated by creatures of Sauron, then Lord of Werewolves. Accordingly, the forest was renamed Taur-nu-Fuin in Sindarin, "Forest of Darkness", or "Forest of Nightshade"; Tolkien chose to use the English form "Mirkwood". Beren becomes the sole survivor of the men who once lived there as subjects of the Noldor King Finrod of Nargothrond. Beren ultimately escapes the terrible forest that even the Orcs fear to spend time in. Beleg pursues the captors of Túrin through this forest in the several accounts of Túrin's tale. Along with the rest of Beleriand, this forest was lost in the cataclysm of the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age.
The forest in Rhovanion
Mirkwood is a vast temperate broadleaf and mixed forest in the Middle-earth region of Rhovanion (Wilderland), east of the great river Anduin. In The Hobbit, the wizard Gandalf calls it "the greatest forest of the Northern world." Before it was darkened by evil, it had been called Greenwood the Great.
After the publication of the maps in The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien wrote a correction stating "Mirkwood is too small on map it must be 300 miles across" from east to west, but the maps were never altered to reflect this. On the published maps Mirkwood was up to across; from north to south it stretched about . The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia states that it is long and wide.
The trees were large and densely packed. In the north they were mainly oaks, although beeches predominated in the areas favoured by Elves. Higher elevations in southern Mirkwood were "clad in a forest of dark fir". Pockets of the forest were dominated by dangerous giant spiders. Animals within the forest were described as inedible. The elves of the forest, too, are "black" and hostile, drawing a comparison with Svartalfheim ("Black elf home") in Snorri Sturluson's Old Norse Edda, quite unlike the friendly elves of Rivendell.
Near the end of the Third Age – the period in which The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are set – the expansive forest of "Greenwood the Great" was renamed "Mirkwood", supposedly a translation of an unknown Westron name. The forest plays little part in The Lord of the Rings, but is important in The Hobbit for both atmosphere and plot. It was renamed when "the shadow of Dol Guldur", namely the power of Sauron, fell upon the forest, and people began to call it Taur-nu-Fuin (Sindarin: "forest under deadly nightshade" or "forest under night", i.e. "mirk wood") and Taur-e-Ndaedelos (Sindarin: "forest of great fear").
In The Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, with Thorin Oakenshield and his band of Dwarves, attempt to cross Mirkwood during their quest to regain their mountain Erebor and its treasure from Smaug the dragon. One of the Dwarves, the fat Bombur, falls into the Enchanted River and has to be carried, unconscious, for the following days. Losing the Elf-path, the party becomes lost in the forest and is captured by giant spiders. They escape, only to be taken prisoner by King Thranduil's Wood-Elves. The White Council flushes Sauron out of his forest tower at Dol Guldur, and as he flees to Mordor his influence in Mirkwood diminishes.
Years later, Gollum, after his release from Mordor, is captured by Aragorn and brought as a prisoner to Thranduil's realm. Out of pity, they allow him to roam the forest under close guard, but he escapes during an Orc raid. After the downfall of Sauron, Mirkwood is cleansed by the elf-queen Galadriel and renamed Eryn Lasgalen, Sindarin for "Wood of Greenleaves". Thranduil's son, Legolas, leaves Mirkwood for Ithilien. The wizard Radagast lived at Rhosgobel on the western eaves of Mirkwood, as depicted in the film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey.
Dol Guldur
Dol Guldur (Sindarin: "Hill of Sorcery") was Sauron's stronghold in Mirkwood, before he moved to Barad-dûr in Mordor. It is first mentioned (as "the dungeons of the Necromancer") in The Hobbit. The hill itself, rocky and barren, was the highest point in the southwestern part of the forest. Before Sauron's occupation, it was called Amon Lanc ("Naked Hill"). It lay near the western edge of the forest, across the Anduin from Lothlórien. Tolkien suggests that Sauron settled on Dol Guldur as the focus for his rise during the period before the War of the Ring in part so that he could search for the One Ring in the Gladden Fields just up the river.
Dol Guldur has been featured in many game adaptations of The Lord of the Rings, including the Iron Crown Enterprises portrayal, which contains scenarios and adventures for the Middle-earth Role Playing game In the strategy battle game The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II, Dol Guldur appears as an iconic building. The campaign-scenario called "Assault on Dol Guldur" appears as the final part of the good campaign. Several portrayals of Dol Guldur are included in the Games Workshop game The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game, appearing prominently in the "Fall of the Necromancer". A number of enemies are listed, including Spider Queens, Castellans of Dol Guldur, Sauron the Necromancer, Wild Warg Chieftain, and their respective armies. Giant Bats are also included in the game. In 1996, the black metal band Summoning released a music album named Dol Guldur.
The Canadian artist John Howe has portrayed Dol Guldur in sketches and drawings, drawn for Electronic Arts. In Myth and Magic: The Art of John Howe, Howe includes Dol Guldur among Middle-earth fortresses. Howe created many drawings for Peter Jackson during the filming of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, worked for Tolkien Enterprises, and drew for Iron Crown Enterprises' collectable Middle-earth card game, which mentions Dol Guldur on Gandalf's card. Mirkwood was added to the MMORPG The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar in the 2009 expansion pack Siege of Mirkwood. The storyline depicts a small Elven assault upon Dol Guldur.
In Peter Jackson's 2012-2014 film trilogy adaptation of The Hobbit, Dol Guldur is depicted as a massive overgrown castle in ruins. According to Alan Lee and John Howe, the conceptual designers, this was used to give the impression that the fortress had been built by Númenóreans during the Second Age, only to fall into ruin when Númenór's power waned. Adrián Maldonado of AlmostArchaeology speculates that the derelict castle could be interpreted by viewers as the ruins of Oropher's halls, erected during the Second Age when he ruled Greenwood the Great from Amon Lanc.
Literary philology
19th-century writers interested in philology, including the folklorist Jacob Grimm and the artist and fantasy writer William Morris, speculated romantically about the wild, primitive Northern forest, the Myrkviðr inn ókunni ("the pathless Mirkwood") and the secret roads across it, in the hope of reconstructing supposed ancient cultures. Grimm proposed that the name Myrkviðr derived from Old Norse mark (boundary) and mǫrk (forest), both, he supposed, from an older word for wood, perhaps at the dangerous and disputed boundary of the kingdoms of the Huns and the Goths.
Morris's Mirkwood is named in his 1899 fantasy novel House of the Wolfings, and a similar large dark forest is the setting in The Roots of the Mountains, again marking a dark and dangerous forest. Tolkien had access to more modern philology than Grimm, with proto-Indo-European mer- (to flicker [dimly]) and *merg- (mark, boundary), and places the early origins of both the Men of Rohan and the hobbits in his Mirkwood. The Tolkien Encyclopedia remarks also that the Old English Beowulf mentions that the path between the worlds of men and monsters, from Hrothgar's hall to Grendel's lair, runs ofer myrcan mor (across a gloomy moor) and wynleasne wudu (a joyless wood).
A Mirkwood is mentioned in multiple Norse texts including Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum, Helgakviða Hundingsbana I and II, Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa, and Völundarkviða; these mentions may have denoted different forests. The Goths had lived in Ukraine until the attack by the Huns in the 370s, when they moved southwest and with the permission of the Emperor Valens settled in the Roman Empire. The scholar Omeljan Pritsak identifies the Mirkwood of Hlöðskviða in Hervarar saga with what would later be called the "dark blue forest" (Goluboj lěsь) and the "black forest" (Černyj lěsь) north of the Ukrainian steppe.
Tom Shippey noted that Norse legend yields two placenames which would place the Myrkviðr in the borderlands between the Goths and the Huns of the 4th century. The Atlakviða ("The Lay of Atli", in the Elder Edda) and the Hlöðskviða ("The Battle of the Goths and Huns", in Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks) both mention that the Mirkwood was beside the Danpar, the River Dnieper, which runs through Ukraine to the Black Sea. The Hlöðskviða states explicitly in the same passage that the Mirkwood was in Gothland. The Hervarar saga also mentions Harvaða fjöllum, "the Harvad fells", which by Grimm's Law would be *Karpat, the Carpathian Mountains, an identification on which most scholars have long agreed.
Influence
Tolkien's estate disputed the right of the novelist Steve Hillard "to use the name and personality of J. R. R. Tolkien in the novel" Mirkwood: A Novel About J. R. R. Tolkien. The dispute was settled in May 2011, requiring the printing of a disclaimer.
A rock music group named Mirkwood was formed in 1971; their first album in 1973 had the same name. A different band in California used the name in 2005.
Tolkien's forests were the subject of a programme on BBC Radio 3, with Eleanor Rosamund Barraclough and the folk singer Mark Atherton.
Literary holidays in the Forest of Dean have been sold on the basis that the area inspired Tolkien, who often went there, to create Mirkwood and other forests in his books.
References
Primary
Secondary
Sources
Middle-earth forests
Forests in fiction
de:Regionen und Orte in Tolkiens Welt#Düsterwald
pl:Lista lasów Śródziemia#Mroczna Puszcza
sv:Platser i Tolkiens värld#Mörkmården |
Necator may refer to:
Necator (fungus), a genus of fungus in the family Corticiaceae
Necator (nematode), a genus of nematodes in the family Ancylostomatidae |
Quissamã () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It sits on Atlantic coastline with the two largest neighboring cities being Campos das Goytacazes to the north and Macaé to the south. Quissamã was part of the municipality of Macaé until the city emancipated in 1989. The population has surpassed 20,000 inhabitants as of the 2010 Census. The city's primary source of tax revenue comes from oil royalties collected from drilling in the waters just off its coast.
References
Populated coastal places in Rio de Janeiro (state)
Municipalities in Rio de Janeiro (state) |
Recursive function may refer to:
Recursive function (programming), a function which references itself
General recursive function, a computable partial function from natural numbers to natural numbers
Primitive recursive function, a function which can be computed with loops of bounded length
Another name for computable function
See also
Recurrence relation, an equation which defines a sequence from initial values
Recursion theory, the study of computability
Recursion |
Anne Wignall, known as Lady Ebury (née Acland-Troyte; 12 June 1912 – 23 June 1982), was an English socialite and author as Alice Acland and Anne Marreco.
Family life
Anne Wignall was born Anne Acland-Troyte in the London Borough of Kensington, the daughter of Herbert Walter Acland-Troyte and Marjorie Florence Pym. She had one younger brother, John Acland-Troyte.
She married:
On 1 July 1933, the 5th Baron Ebury (1914-1957). They had two sons, Francis Egerton Grosvenor, 8th Earl of Wilton (born 1934) and the Hon. Robert Victor Grosvenor (1936–1993). They were divorced in 1941. During their marriage they lived at Redheath (now York House School), Croxley Green, Watford, Kingston Bagpuize House, North Berkshire (now in Oxfordshire) and Day's House (now Philberd's Manor), East Hanney, Berkshire.
On 23 December 1941, Henry Peregrine Rennie Hoare (1901–1981). They were divorced in 1947.
On 13 November 1947, Lt.-Col. Frederick Wignall (1906–1956). They had one daughter, Caroline Louisa Wignall (born 1948). She was widowed in 1956.
On 25 September 1961, Anthony Marreco (1915–2006), a junior counsel at the Nuremberg Trials, and later a founding director of Amnesty International.
She changed her name back to Wignall by deed poll in 1969 and died in 1982 in Tiverton, Devon. She is buried in the churchyard at All Saints Church, Huntsham close to her father's ancestral seat, Huntsham Court.
Bibliography
Anne Wignall wrote 11 books under two different names:
As Alice Acland
Caroline Norton (Constable, 1948) , a biography of the English social reformer and author
Templeford Park (Constable, 1954) , a tale of country life in contemporary 1950s Britain
A Stormy Spring (Constable, 1955) , a novel set in Sussex, Bruges and Paris, about the life of a fictional young lady, Emily Satersham
A Second Choice (Constable, 1956) , a novel about a young girl in love with a philandering middle-aged married man
A Person of Discretion (Collins, 1958) , story of three sisters from Brussels becoming entangled in the black market and the resistance during the closing stages of the Second World War
The Corsican Ladies (Peter Davies Ltd, 1974) , historical novel based on the extensive autobiographical writings of Laure Junot
The Secret Wife (Peter Davies Ltd, 1975) , a historical novel based on the life of Françoise d'Aubigné
The Ruling Passion (Peter Davies Ltd, 1976) , historical novel based on the life of Diane de Poitiers, a mistress of Henry IV of France
As Anne Marreco
The Charmer and the Charmed (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963) , a comedy of manners, in which the wife of a publisher falls in love with one of her husband's authors
The Boat Boy (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1964) , a novel in which the anti-hero brings chaos to rural Ireland
The Rebel Countess – The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967) , a biography of the Irish revolutionary and politician
References
1912 births
1982 deaths
20th-century English novelists
20th-century British women writers
20th-century British biographers
English historical novelists
Women historical novelists
English biographers
British socialites
British baronesses
Burials in Devon
British women biographers
Anne
20th-century pseudonymous writers
Pseudonymous women writers |
Max Lynn Stackhouse (July 29, 1935 – January 30, 2016) was the Rimmer and Ruth de Vries Professor of Reformed Theology and Public Life Emeritus at Princeton Theological Seminary. He was ordained in the United Church of Christ and was the president of the Berkshire Institute for Theology and the Arts.
He specialized in theological ethics and social life, Christianity and the ethics of the world religions, and public theology, and the mission of the churches. He taught courses on the place of faith in educational life, the theological implications of the arts, religion and journalism, and theology in relation to the environment. He was the first director of Princeton Theological Seminary's Abraham Kuyper Center for Public Theology.
Academic life
Dr. Stackhouse retired from his position as the Stephen Colwell Professor of Christian Ethics (1993-2004), Director of the Project on Public Theology and the Rimmer and Ruth de Vries Professor of Reformed Theology and Public Life at Princeton Theological Seminary.
His doctoral dissertation at Harvard University (1961 - 1965) was entitled "Eschatology and Ethical Method in W. Rauschenbusch and H. Niebuhr." He has an M.A. and B.D. from Harvard Divinity School (1958 - 1961), and a B.A from DePauw University (1957).
Max L. Stackhouse was the Coordinating Editor of the Center of Theological Inquiry's groundbreaking God and Globalization project. The findings of the project are edited Stackhouse in partnership with Peter J. Paris, Don S. Browning, and Diane Obenchain and published in 4 volumes entitled God and Globalization by Trinity International Press and Continuum International Publishing Group. The three former volumes are multi-authored while the fourth volume is authored solely by Stackhouse, with a foreword written by the historian Justo Gonzalez. In the final interpretive volume, Stackhouse argues for a view of Christian theology that, in critical dialogue with other world religions and philosophies, is able to engage the new world situation, play a critical role in reforming the "powers" that are becoming more diverse and autonomous, and generate a social ethic for the 21st century.
He also served as the "Herbert Gezork Professor of Christian Social Ethics" at Andover Newton Theological School for almost 30 years, as well as the Robert and Carolyn Frederick Distinguished Visiting Professor of Ethics at DePauw University during the spring semester of 2006-07. Also, He was a visiting professor at United Theological College, Bangalore. In 2010, a collection of essays was published to honor Stackhouse and his works in public theology entitled Public Theology for a Global Society: Essays in Honor of Max L. Stackhouse, edited by Deidre King Hainsworth and Scott R. Paeth (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2010).
Professional Memberships and Offices:
President, 1986-87 Society of Christian Ethics
President, 1982-92 James Luther Adams Foundation
Editorial Board, The Christian Century
Editorial Board, Journal of Political Theology
Editorial Board, Religion in Eastern Europe
Member, American Theological Society
Member, American Academy of Religion
Member, American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy
Member, Société Européenne de Culture
Member, Amnesty International USA
Past Church Activities:
China Academic Consortium (Christian Scholars Exchange and Research Program) B Board Member
World Reformed Alliance - Roman Catholic Bilateral Consultations
World Council of Churches Conference on Faith, Science and the Future
Moscow Interfaith Peace Conference-National Council of Churches & Russian Orthodox Church
Evangelische Kirche der Union-UCC Working Group, Board for World Ministries
World Reformed Alliance-Mennonite Bilateral Consultations
Delegate, American Committee for Human Rights, Mission Team to the Philippines
Delegate, Consultation on the German Churches and Unification, Munich
Personal life
He and his wife, Jean Stackhouse have two sons: Dale and David. He died on 30 January 2016 at his home in West Stockbridge, Massachusetts. His memorial service was held on 13 February at The First Congregational Church of Stockbridge, MA.
Selected publications
Articles
"A Premature Postmodern." First Things 106 (October 2000): 19-22.
"Spheres of Management." Theology Today 60, 3 (October 2003): 370-383.
"Civil Religion, Political Theology and Public Theology: What's the Difference?" Political Theology 5, 3 (July 2004): 275-293.
"For Fairer Trade: Justice and the Global Market." Christian Century 124, 16 (August 7, 2007): 28-31.
"The Christian Ethic of Love." Journal of Religious Ethics 35, 4 (December, 2007): 700-711.
"Framing the Global Ethos." Theology Today 66, 4 (January 2010): 415-429.
"Global Engagement: How My Mind Has Changed." Christian Century 128, 8 (April 19, 2011): 30-34.
Chapters
"Christianity and the Prospects for a New Global Order." In Christian Political Ethics, ed. John A. Coleman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
"Christianity, Civil Society, and the State: A Protestant Response." In Christian Political Ethics, ed. John A. Coleman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
"Ethics and Eschatology." In Oxford Handbook of Eschatology, ed. Jerry L. Walls. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
See also
Hainsworth, Deirdre King, and Scott R. Paeth (Ed). Public Theology for a Global Society: Essays in Honor of Max L. Stackhouse. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2010.
References
Further reading
Max L. Stackhouse's lecture "Covenant Justice in a Global Era" at The Institute for Reformed Theology (accessed 18 October 2010)
Max L. Stackhouse's lecture: "Globalization and the Forms of Grace: Redeeming the Principalities, Authorities, and Dominions" (accessed 18 October 2010)
Max L. Stackhouse's lecture at the 9th Annual Templeton Lecture on Religion and World Affairs entitled "Public Theology and Democracy’s Future" (accessed 18 October 2010)
Max L. Stackhouse's article "Theology in the Public Square: Kuyper's Contributions Highlighted in New PTS Center" (accessed 18 October 2010)
Max L. Stackhouse's article "Humanism after Tillich" (accessed 18 October 2010). Published in First Things 72 (April 1997): 24-28.
Max L. Stackhouse's comments on Stanley Hauerwas' In Good Company: The Church as Polis (accessed 18 October 2010). Max L. Stackhouse, "In the Company of Hauerwas," Journal for Christian Theological Research 2:1 (1997) par. 1-30.
Max L. Stackhouse's Presidential Address Framing the Global Ethos at The American Theological Society, dated 3 April, 2009 (accessed 18 October 2010)
Max L. Stackhouse's CV dated January 2006 (accessed 18 October 2010)
Max L. Stackhouse's faculty page at Princeton Theological Seminary (accessed 18 October 2010)
1935 births
2016 deaths
United Church of Christ members
Princeton Theological Seminary faculty
Andover Newton Theological School faculty
DePauw University alumni
Harvard Divinity School alumni
American theologians
Public theologians |
In the 2018–19 season, MO Béjaïa is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 5th season, as well as the Algerian Cup.
Squad list
Players and squad numbers last updated on 19 August 2016.Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Competitions
Overview
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| Ligue 1
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| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 14th
| 11 August 2018
| 26 May 2019
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| Algerian Cup
| Round of 64
| Round of 32
| 18 December 2018
| 29 December 2018
|-
! Total
Ligue 1
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
Algerian Cup
Squad information
Playing statistics
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! colspan=10 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred out during the season
Goalscorers
Squad list
As of August 11, 2018.
Transfers
In
Out
References
2018-19
MO Béjaïa |
Jason Blair is an American writer and game designer.
Jason Blair may also refer to:
Jason Blair, contestant on the British reality television programme Dumped
Jason Blair (basketball) from 2008–09 LEB Oro season
Jason Blair (coach) from 2011 AFL Under 18 Championships
Jason Blair (politician) from United States House of Representatives elections, 2006
See also
Jayson Blair (actor) (born 1984), American actor
Jayson Blair (born 1976), former reporter for The New York Times |
The following lists events that happened during 1835 in South Africa.
Events
The Voortrekkers start leaving the Cape Colony in what is called the Great Trek into the interior to escape British domination
Port Natal is renamed Durban in honor of the Cape Colony Governor, Sir Benjamin d'Urban
Deaths
12 February - Hintsa ka Khawuta, chief of Gcaleka of the Xhosa tribe, is shot and killed while trying to escape from capture by the British forces (some sources record the date as 12 May)
References
See Years in South Africa for list of References
1830s in South Africa
1835 in Africa
Years of the 19th century in South Africa
South Africa
Years in South Africa |
Pizza Boli's is a pizzeria restaurant chain in the Mid-Atlantic headquartered in Pikesville, Maryland. Their first pizzeria was opened in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, in 1985. By 2013, there were 70 restaurants in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C., and 80 restaurants by 2019.
Recognition
In 2017, Pizza Boli's was rated No. 52 on the Pizza Today Top 100 Companies list with 2019 gross sales of $50,000,000 from its 80 restaurants. An outpost of the chain in the Adams-Morgan neighborhood of Washington, D.C., was a major purveyor of jumbo slices and participated in local disputes as to which restaurant served the most authentic slice to late-night revelers.
References
External links
Chain of Pizza Boli's restaurants
1985 establishments in Maryland
American companies established in 1985
Companies based in Baltimore County, Maryland
Pizza chains of the United States
Regional restaurant chains in the United States
Restaurants established in 1985
Restaurants in Maryland
Restaurants in Washington, D.C. |
(P.77) is a musical setting of the sequence, composed by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi in 1736. Composed in the final weeks of Pergolesi's life, it is scored for soprano and alto soloists, violin I and II, viola and .
The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino.
Background
Many pieces which were said to have been composed by Pergolesi have been misattributed; the is definitely by Pergolesi, as a manuscript in his handwriting has been preserved. The work was composed for a Neapolitan confraternity, the , which had also commissioned a Stabat Mater from Alessandro Scarlatti. Pergolesi composed it during his final illness from tuberculosis in a Franciscan monastery in Pozzuoli, along with a setting, and, as it is said, finished it right before he died.
Reception
The is one of Pergolesi's most celebrated sacred works, achieving great popularity after the composer's death. Jean-Jacques Rousseau showed appreciation for the work, praising the opening movement as "the most perfect and touching duet to come from the pen of any composer". Many composers adapted the work, including Giovanni Paisiello, who extended the orchestral accompaniment, and Joseph Eybler, who added a choir to replace some of the duets. Bach's is a parody cantata based on Pergolesi's composition.
The work was not without its detractors. Padre Martini criticised its light, operatic style in 1774, and believed it was too similar to Pergolesi's comic opera to adequately deliver the pathos of the text.
Structure
The work is divided into twelve movements, each named after the of the text. Much of the music is based on Pergolesi's earlier setting of the sequence.
"", , F minor, common time; duet
"", , C minor, 3/8; soprano aria
"", , G minor, common time; duet
"", , E-flat major, 2/4; alto aria
"", , C minor, common time; duet
—"", , C minor, 6/8
"", , F minor, common time; soprano aria
"", , C minor, 3/8; alto aria
"", , G minor, cut common time; duet
"", , E-flat major, common time; duet
"", , G minor, common time; alto aria
"", , B-flat major, common time; duet
"", , F minor, common time; duet
—"Amen..." , F minor, cut common time
Recordings
References
Further reading
Richard Wagner's of Pergolesi's Stabat Mater:
An IMSLP-hosted scan of Pergolesi's manuscript, viewed here 15.6MB
External links
Pergolesi Stabat Mater Video of a historical performance of the Stabat Mater on original instruments by the ensemble Voices of Music using original baroque instruments.
Pergolesi
1736 compositions
Compositions by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
Compositions in F minor |
Saline County ( ) is located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 123,416. Its county seat and largest city is Benton. Saline County was formed on November 2, 1835, and named for the salt water (brine) springs in the area, despite a differing pronunciation from saline. Until November 2014, it was an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
Saline County is included in the Central Arkansas region.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.9%) is water.
Major highways
Interstate 30
Interstate 30 Business Loop
Interstate 530
U.S. Highway 65
U.S. Highway 67
U.S. Highway 70
U.S. Highway 167
Highway 5
Highway 9
Highway 35
Adjacent counties
Perry County (northwest)
Pulaski County (northeast)
Grant County (southeast)
Hot Spring County (southwest)
Garland County (west)
National protected area
Ouachita National Forest (part)
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 123,416 people, 45,455 households, and 31,395 families residing in the county.
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 83,529 people, 31,778 households, and 24,500 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 33,825 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 95.27% White, 2.20% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. 1.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 31,778 households, out of which 35.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.80% were married couples living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.90% were non-families. 19.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.50% under the age of 18, 7.70% from 18 to 24, 30.20% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 12.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.30 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $42,569, and the median income for a family was $48,717. Males had a median income of $32,052 versus $23,294 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,214. About 5.00% of families and 7.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.80% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over.
Media
The area is served online and in print by The Saline Courier.
Government
Over the past few election cycles Saline County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democrat (as of the 2020 election) to carry this county was Bill Clinton in 1996.
Communities
Cities
Alexander
Benton (county seat)
Bryant
Haskell
Shannon Hills
Traskwood
Town
Bauxite
Census-designated places
Avilla
East End
Hot Springs Village
Salem
Sardis
Unincorporated communities
Brooks
Lakeside
Owensville
Paron
Townships
Banner (contains most of East End)
Bauxite (contains Bauxite, most of Benton)
Beaver (contains Avilla, part of Bryant)
Bryant (contains most of Alexander and Bryant, small parts of Benton and Shannon Hills)
Dyer (contains part of Hot Springs Village)
Fairplay
Haskell (contains Haskell)
Holland
Hurricane (contains small part of East End)
Jefferson
Kentucky
Liberty
Marble (contains part of Hot Springs Village)
Newcomb
Otter (contains most of Shannon Hills, small parts of Alexander and East End)
Owen (contains some of Bryant, small part of Alexander)
Salem (contains Salem, small part of Bryant)
Shaw
Smith
Traskwood (contains Traskwood)
Union
Source:
See also
List of lakes in Saline County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places listings in Saline County, Arkansas
Lanny Fite
References
External links
Government
Saline County Sheriff's Office
General information
Saline County, Arkansas at ARGenWeb (argenweb.net)
Saline County at Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture
Saline County in the Civil War at The Historical Marker Database (HMdb.org)
Saline County Library
1835 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Arkansas counties
Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1835 |
The Wrecking Ball World Tour was a concert tour by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band to promote Springsteen's seventeenth studio album, Wrecking Ball, which was released on March 5, 2012. It was the first tour for the E Street Band without founding member Clarence Clemons, who died on June 18, 2011. The worldwide tour in support of the album, which ended in September 2013, reached 26 countries, the most ever for one of Springsteen's tours. The tour resumed in January 2014 to promote Springsteen's new album, High Hopes, and went under that album's name.
In an attempt to fill the void left by Clemons, Springsteen added a full horn section, which included Jake Clemons, Clarence's nephew. Three background singers and a percussionist were also added, giving the E Street Band its largest lineup ever at seventeen members. As with previous tours, Springsteen's wife and band member, Patti Scialfa, did not appear at all the shows due to family commitments. Guitarist Steven Van Zandt was also unable to perform on the band's Australian leg due to the filming of his television show, Lilyhammer. Van Zandt was replaced by Tom Morello for those dates.
The tour featured over 215 different songs performed, including some songs either making their live debuts or returning after an extended absence.
The tour was named the second highest-grossing tour of 2012 and was the most attended tour of the year, winning the Billboard Touring Award for Top Draw. For the first half of 2013, the tour was named one of the top three grossing tours for the year.
At the end of 2012, the tour placed second on Pollstar's "Top 100 Worldwide Tours", grossing $210.2 million from 81 shows in Europe. At the end of 2013, the tour placed fifth on Pollstar's "Top 100 Worldwide Tours", grossing $145.4 million from 46 shows in Europe. Overall, the tour grossed $340.6 million from 124 shows.
Itinerary
Planning and rehearsals
Private rehearsals started in late January 2012 at the Expo Theater in Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, the same site where rehearsals were held for the Tunnel of Love Express Tour and the Rising Tour. Some rehearsals were held at the Sun National Bank Center in Trenton to allow the band and crew to try a new stage design.
It was announced on February 9, 2012, that Eddie Manion and Clarence Clemons's nephew, Jake Clemons, would share saxophone duties with Clemons handling most of the lead solos. Additional horns were provided by Clark Gayton, Curt Ramm, and Barry Danielian. Everett Bradly provided percussion and backing vocals while Curtis King Jr. and Cindy Mizelle returned as background singers. Michelle Moore joined the tour as a background singer featuring on Rocky Ground for the rap (as on the album).
In advance of the album's release on March 5, 2012, the band kicked off a string of warm-up performances prior to the tour, including a performance of the album's first single, "We Take Care of Our Own", at the 54th Grammy Awards. During the final week of February, talk show host Jimmy Fallon dedicated an entire week of his show, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, to Springsteen's music. Different artists covered Springsteen's songs each night of that week.
The new touring lineup performed their first full show together on March 9, 2012, at the Apollo Theater. Springsteen then gave a keynote speech at the SXSW convention in Austin, Texas, on March 15, 2012, and was joined later in the evening by the E Street Band for a -hour set before a crowd of a few thousand.
Ticket sales
On January 26, 2012, dates for the first U.S. leg of the Wrecking Ball world tour were announced to the public, with many going on sale during the first weekend of February.
Much like with the previous tour, many U.S. fans encountered problems, thought to be due to ticket scalpers, through Ticketmaster as the first dates of the tour went on sale. Shows were selling out within minutes and many tickets appeared, at much higher prices, on resale websites such as StubHub less than an hour after the onsale time. Ticketmaster said web traffic was 2.5 times the highest level of the past year during the online sales. U.S. Representative Bill Pascrell, who introduced the BOSS ACT in 2009 to increase transparency in the ticket industry, said he would reintroduce the bill in Congress.
The show
The world tour began on March 18, 2012, in Atlanta. The early shows established a routine of using "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out", performed as the show closer, as a tribute song to Clarence Clemons. Following the lyric the Big Man joined the band, Springsteen paused the song so the band and audience could pay tribute to Clemons, following which the band resumed the remainder of the song. "My City of Ruins" was used as the band introduction song and frequently included a Springsteen rap about "ghosts", referring to Clemons and Danny Federici, the long-time E Street Band organist who died during the Magic Tour in April 2008. For cities that had more than one consecutive show, American Land was used as the show closer, with the entire band on the front line and finishing the show on the main center platform.
Per Springsteen's standard practice, the set list varied from night to night, sometimes significantly. The tour saw the revival of a number of long-absent aspects of Springsteen's concerts, such as the return (during some shows) of a lengthy instrumental introduction to "Prove It All Night" that fans had unsuccessfully requested during the "sign request" (also sometimes known as "Stump the Band") segments during the Magic and Working on a Dream Tours. The instrumental introduction had been a noted point of 1978's Darkness Tour show but had not been played since. Shows were longer than on recent tours, culminating in Helsinki on July 31, 2012, with the longest performance of Springsteen's career at 4 hours and 6 minutes. Earlier the same night, prior to the show proper, Springsteen had performed a five-song acoustic set for early arrivals.
During the encore of Springsteen's show in London at the Hard Rock Calling festival, the city council pulled the plug on his performance because he ran a few minutes past the show's 10:30 pm curfew. Springsteen was performing "I Saw Her Standing There" and "Twist and Shout" with Paul McCartney when their microphones and instruments were shut off. Springsteen ended the set with a brief a cappella, unamplified version of "Goodnight Irene." The incident resulted in the show being the lone concert on the tour at which "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out", with its Clarence Clemons tribute, was not performed. Following the performance, Steve Van Zandt took to Twitter and said, "English cops may be the only individuals left on earth that wouldn't want to hear one more from Bruce Springsteen and Paul McCartney!" and followed that up with "There's no grudges to be held. Just feel bad for our great fans. Hard Rock is cool. Live Nation is cool. It's some City Council stupid rule." When Springsteen next performed three nights later in Ireland, he poked fun at the London incident. During "Dancing in the Dark" the big screens by the stage displayed only a battery switched "On." A fake policeman came out to the stage to stop them playing "Twist and Shout" but Springsteen refused. While playing American Land, the fake policeman pulled the plug, but Van Zandt plugged it back in.
The tour returned to the United States in August 2012 and focused on baseball and football stadiums. The tour's third (and final) show at MetLife Stadium on September 22, 2012, was delayed for two hours due to a strong thunderstorm. The show finally got underway around 10:30 pm, prompting fans to sing "Happy Birthday" to Springsteen at midnight to celebrate his 63rd birthday. At the end of the show, Springsteen was presented with a guitar-shaped birthday cake onstage.
On October 29, 2012, the New Jersey area was hit hard by Hurricane Sandy. Springsteen's show in Rochester, New York, the following day was forced to be postponed until October 31, 2012. That night, Springsteen dedicated his performance to those affected by the storm and those helping to recover. Springsteen and the E Street Band performed "Land of Hope and Dreams" during a one-hour televised telethon called Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together on November 2, 2012. Springsteen also joined Billy Joel, Steven Tyler and Jimmy Fallon for a performance of "Under the Boardwalk". He later participated in the 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief at Madison Square Garden, a benefit concert for Sandy victims.
Due to filming of his television show, Lilyhammer, Steven Van Zandt was forced to miss the Australian leg of the tour in 2013. Tom Morello replaced Van Zandt for those dates. Van Zandt made his return in late April 2013 when he opened the first of the band's two shows in Oslo, Norway, by singing Frank Sinatra's "My Kind of Town" in character as Frank "the fixer" Tagliano from Lilyhammer. As with 2009's Working on a Dream Tour, some shows featured full-album performances of Born to Run, Darkness on the Edge of Town, and Born in the U.S.A. The European leg ended in late July 2013.
The final leg of the tour took place in September 2013 with Springsteen's first-ever show in Santiago, Chile, on September 12. The tour subsequently featured dates in Argentina and Brazil, with the final show at the Rock in Rio festival on September 21. The show, which was held at Cidade do Rock, was broadcast live on cable in Brazil and over the Internet via YouTube. In the concerts in Brazil, Springsteen performed a cover of "Sociedade Alternativa" by Raul Seixas in addition to his usual setlist.
Critical and commercial reception
The tour was a commercial success and was named the second highest-grossing tour of 2012, finishing behind Madonna, and was the most attended tour of the year, winning the Billboard Touring Award for Top Draw. It was also named the 21st highest-grossing tour worldwide as of December 2012. In July 2013, the tour was named one of the top three grossing tours for the first half of 2013, along with tours by Bon Jovi, who had grossed the highest so far, and the Rolling Stones.
Springsteen was named the #1 musical act by Rolling Stone magazine in their August 2013 issue.
Aftermath and Springsteen's response
During the tour, Springsteen felt inspired to start working on his eighteenth studio album, which eventually became High Hopes. The album was recorded in 2013 during breaks in the Wrecking Ball Tour and was released in January 2014. Springsteen cited Morello, who helped re-introduce some previously recorded songs and cover songs to the recording sessions and live shows, as a huge inspiration on the album.
Broadcasts and recordings
A number of the festival dates performed on the tour had excerpts from the performance broadcast on television. Additionally, 45 minutes of the 2012 Hyde Park show in London was released as a bonus feature on the Springsteen & I DVD release.
Coinciding with the Born in the U.S.A. album's 30th anniversary, Born in the U.S.A. Live: London 2013, a live DVD of the full performance of the album recorded at the 2013 Hard Rock Calling festival, was released through Amazon.com as part of a deluxe edition of the High Hopes album.
Several shows were released as part of the Bruce Springsteen Archives:
Apollo Theater 3/09/12, released November 17, 2014
Ippodromo delle Capannelle, Rome 2013, released November 11, 2015
Olympiastadion, Helsinki July 31, 2012, released May 23, 2017
Leeds July 24, 2013, released November 9, 2018
East Rutherford, NJ 09.22.12, released June 7, 2019
Gothenburg July 28, 2012, released April 3, 2020
St. Paul November 12, 2012, released January 8, 2021.
Fenway Park August 15, 2012, released August 6, 2021.
Paris July 4 and July 5, 2012, released July 1, 2022
Set list
"We Take Care of Our Own"
"Wrecking Ball"
"Death to My Hometown"
"My City of Ruins"
"Spirit in the Night"
"Out in the Street"
"Hungry Heart"
"Prove It All Night"
"Jack of All Trades"
"The Promised Land"
"Badlands"
"She's the One"
"Working on the Highway"
"Because the Night"
"Darlington County"
"The River"
"Shackled and Drawn"
"Waitin' on a Sunny Day"
"The Rising"
"Land of Hope and Dreams"
"Thunder Road"
Encore
"We Are Alive"
"Rocky Ground"
"Born in the U.S.A."
"Born to Run"
"Dancing in the Dark"
"Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out"
"Twist and Shout" (The Top Notes cover)
Shows
Supporting acts
Tom Cochrane – August 26, 2012, Moncton
The Trews – August 26, 2012, Moncton
The Black Crowes – June 22, 2013, Nijmegen
Jamie N Commons – June 22, 2013, Nijmegen
The Cyborgs - July 11, 2013, Rome
Josh Ritter & The Royal City Band – July 27, 2013, Nowlan Park
Glen Hansard – July 27, 2013, Nowlan Park
Damien Dempsey – July 27, 2013, Nowlan Park
Imelda May – July 28, 2013, Nowlan Park
LAPD (Liam O'Flynn, Andy Irvine, Paddy Glackin & Dónal Lunny) – July 28, 2013, Nowlan Park
Delorentos – July 28, 2013, Nowlan Park
Personnel
The E Street Band
Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, harmonica, piano
Roy Bittan – piano, synthesizer, accordion
Nils Lofgren – rhythm guitar, lead guitar, pedal steel guitar, acoustic guitar, accordion, background vocals
Patti Scialfa – background vocals, some duet vocals, acoustic guitar, occasional tambourine (did not appear at every show due to family commitments)
Garry Tallent – bass guitar, background vocals, rare tuba
Steven Van Zandt – rhythm guitar, lead guitar, mandolin, acoustic guitar, background vocals, occasional featured lead vocal
Max Weinberg – drums, rare tambourine
and
Soozie Tyrell – violin, acoustic guitar, percussion, background vocals
Charles Giordano – organ, accordion, electronic glockenspiel, rare piano, occasional background vocals
with
Tom Morello – guitar, backing vocals, co-lead vocals on "The Ghost of Tom Joad" (Morello filled in for Van Zandt during the Australian leg of the tour)
The E Street Horns:
Jake Clemons – saxophone, percussion, background vocals
Eddie Manion – saxophone, percussion
Curt Ramm – trumpet, percussion
Barry Danielian – trumpet, percussion
Clark Gayton – trombone, tuba, percussion
The E Street Choir:
Curtis King – background vocals, tambourine
Cindy Mizelle – background vocals, tambourine
Michelle Moore – background vocals, rapping on Rocky Ground
Everett Bradley – percussion, background vocals
Guest musicians/appearances
Jarod Clemons (3/23/12, 12/6/12)
Peter Wolf (3/26/12)
Adele Springsteen (3/29/12, 9/22/12, 9/30/13 – Bruce's mother danced with her son on "Dancing in the Dark", presented him onstage with a cake on his birthday)
Tom Morello (4/26/12, 4/27/12, 7/14/12, 9/7/12, 9/8/12, 12/4/12, 2013 Australian leg)
Dr. John (4/29/12)
Kevin Buell (5/2/12 – Bruce's guitar tech performed guitar on "Waiting on a Sunny Day")
Garland Jeffreys (5/29/12, 12/6/12)
Mumford & Sons (5/29/12)
Elliott Murphy (6/11/12, 5/3/13, 6/29/13)
Southside Johnny (6/17/12)
Jessica Springsteen (7/5/12 – Bruce's daughter danced with her father during "Dancing in the Dark")
The Roots (7/7/12)
John Fogerty (7/14/12)
Paul McCartney (7/14/12)
Ken Casey (8/15/12)
Tom Cochrane & Red Rider (8/26/12)
Olivia Tallent (9/2/12 – Garry's daughter performed backing vocals on "Working on the Highway" with Michelle Moore's daughter)
Eddie Vedder (9/7/12, 9/8/12)
Ali Weinberg (9/14/12, 7/28/13 – Max's daughter performed accordion on "American Land", backing vocals on "Twist and Shout" and "Shout")
Vini "Mad Dog" Lopez (9/19/12)
Gary U.S. Bonds (9/21/12, 9/22/12)
Virginia Springsteen Shave (9/22/12- Bruce's sister helped celebrate Springsteen's birthday onstage during show)
Vivienne Scialfa (9/22/12- Bruce's mother in law helped celebrate Springsteen's birthday onstage during show)
Mike Scialfa (9/22/12- Bruce's brother in law helped celebrate Springsteen's birthday onstage during show)
Maureen Van Zandt (9/22/12- Steve's wife helped celebrate Springsteen's birthday onstage during show)
Joe Grushecky and son Johnny (10/27/12)
Mike Ness (12/4/12)
Sam Moore (12/6/12)
Jimmy Barnes (3/30/13, 3/31/13)
Jon Landau (5/14/13)
Gaspard Murphy (6/29/13)
Pamela Springsteen (6/30/13 – Bruce's sister was brought onstage and sang during "Dancing in the Dark")
Jay Weinberg (7/5/13)
Ben Harper (7/13/13)
Eric Burdon (7/23/13)
Glen Hansard (7/27/13)
Jon Bon Jovi (12/12/12)
See also
List of highest-grossing concert tours
Notes
References
External links
Bruce Springsteen (Official Site)
Backstreets.com Tour Info & Setlists
Bruce Springsteen Wrecking Ball Tour Blog (Fan blog)
Bruce Springsteen concert tours
2012 concert tours
2013 concert tours |
Agnar may refer to:
Agnar Helgason (born 1968), Icelandic scientist
Agnar Johannes Barth (1871–1948), Norwegian forester
Agnar Mykle (1915–1944), Norwegian writer
Agnar Sandmo (born 1938), Norwegian economist
Agnarr Geirröðsson, son of King Geirröðr in the Poetic Edda poem Grímnismál
King Agnar, a character in the Disney Frozen franchise
Chief of the Mangalores in the 1997 movie The Fifth Element
no:Agnar |
Stelis janetiae is a species of orchid plant native to Costa Rica.
References
janetiae
Flora of Costa Rica |
Antiviral drugs are different from antibiotics. Flu antiviral drugs are different from antiviral drugs used to treat other infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Antiviral drugs prescribed to treat COVID-19 are not approved or authorized to treat flu.
References
Antiviral
Antiviral drugs |
HHGL Limited, trading as Homebase, is a British home improvement retailer and garden centre with stores across the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Founded by Sainsbury's and GB-Inno-BM in 1979, the company was owned by Home Retail Group from October 2006, until it was sold to the Australian conglomerate Wesfarmers in January 2016.
Wesfarmers' management was not a success, which had included an attempt to rebrand the business under its Bunnings Warehouse name, and in August 2018, the business was sold to restructuring firm Hilco for £1. Subsequently, Hilco announced that it would close 42 stores of Homebase, and cut 1,500 jobs through a company voluntary arrangement, in an attempt to get the chain back to profitability. By February 2020, Homebase had 164 outlets, and was again profitable.
History
Homebase was founded by the supermarket chain Sainsbury's and Belgian retailer GB-Inno-BM in 1979, as Sainsbury's Homebase. The goal was to bring a supermarket style layout to the British Do It Yourself (DIY) market. The first store was in Croydon, opening on 3 March 1981, located on the Purley Way.
Homebase tripled in size in January 1995, when Sainsbury's bought rival store group Texas Homecare from Ladbrokes. These stores were rebranded and converted to the Homebase format, beginning in February 1996, with the store in Longwell Green, Bristol. The transformation was completed by 1999.
By the time of the purchase, Texas had staff totalling 11,600, and Homebase had 4,500.
In October 1999, Sainsbury's bought Hampden Group, the franchisee of ten Homebase stores in Ireland. In August 2000, the former chief executive of Texas Homecare, Ron Trenter, made an ultimately unsuccessful bid for Homebase. In September 2000, Focus Do It All considered acquiring Homebase, but instead decided to acquire Great Mills. The next month, Home Depot joined the race to acquire Homebase, but was not successful.
On 22 December 2000, Sainsbury's sold the Homebase chain in a two-part deal worth £969 million: in March 2001, the sale of the chain of 283 stores to venture capitalist Schroder Ventures generated £750 million, and the sale of 28 development sites to Kingfisher plc, parent of Homebase rival B&Q, generated £219 million. At the time, the chain had 13% of the market in the United Kingdom, with 283 stores and 17,000 employees, behind B&Q and Focus Do It All.
Home Retail Group ownership
In November 2002, Homebase was sold again, this time to GUS plc (formerly Great Universal Stores plc) for £900 million, where it became part of Argos Retail Group (ARG). In October 2006, GUS split to form Experian and ARG. ARG was renamed Home Retail Group, within which Homebase operated until 27 February 2016.
In October 2007, Home Retail Group agreed the purchase of 27 leasehold properties from Focus DIY, to be bought for £40 million in cash. The properties were transferred over the period up to 31 December 2007, and were then refitted to the Homebase fascia over the course of several months.
No other infrastructure, and no merchandise stock were acquired as part of the transaction, although staff in these Focus stores transferred to Homebase.
In July 2013, Home Retail Group said the stores in Ireland had not made a profit in the previous five years, and that it intended to close three of the fifteen. In May 2014, Homebase launched the Homebase Design Centres. The new look stores had a Decorating Ideas and Advice Centre, offering touch screen technology, to help customers transform the look of rooms in their homes.
Following a review of the business, Home Retail Group announced in October 2014 that it would close around a quarter of Homebase stores by 2019, and that it would increase the number of Argos and Habitat concessions within the stores. In April 2015, former Tesco executive Echo Lu succeeded Paul Loft as Managing Director.
Wesfarmers ownership
On 18 January 2016, it was announced that Australian retailer Wesfarmers, owners of Australia's leading hardware store Bunnings, would acquire Homebase for £340 million, subject to shareholder approval. The transfer of ownership to Wesfarmers took place on 27 February 2016 and afterwards Peter Davis was appointed Managing Director, succeeding Echo Lu.
Wesfarmers announced in June 2016 that it had cancelled the plans by Home Retail Group to close seven stores, and would seek to prevent the closure of eleven others. It described the closure of five additional stores as "unavoidable". It was also announced that Archie Norman was to advise on the turnaround of Homebase under Wesfarmers.
Laura Ashley plc confirmed in October 2016 that it would remove its concessions trading in 22 Homebase stores by the second quarter of 2017, as Wesfarmers sought to remove all concessions and adopt the same business model as its Australian and New Zealand business.
Bunnings confirmed in November 2016 that the Homebase store in St Albans would be the first to be re-branded as Bunnings Warehouse as part of a trial, and opened in February 2017. An additional three were planned to be opened by June 2017, with up to six more completed by the end of the year. The stores adopted a low-cost warehouse model.
In February 2018, Wesfarmers reported losses relating to the takeover of £57 million in the year to June 2017, and stated that it would begin a review of the business. Wesfarmers sought buyers for the business in March, and by May, had received bids from restructuring firms Alteri Investors and Hilco.
Hilco ownership
On 25 May 2018, it was announced that Homebase had been sold by Wesfarmers to turnaround specialists Hilco, for a nominal one pound sterling. Hilco took ownership of the business on 12 June 2018. All 24 stores converted to the Bunnings format were rebranded back to Homebase. At the end of August 2018, a company voluntary arrangement (CVA) proposed by Hilco to close 42 stores, and reduce rent on others, was approved by Homebase's creditors.
The stores identified for closure in the CVA were planned to close by the beginning of 2019. Homebase secured a £95 million asset lending contract with Wells Fargo Capital Finance on 26 November 2018.
On 24 December 2018, Hilco opened its first redesigned store nicknamed BoB (Best of Both) in Orpington. The store featured traditional Homebase "gondola" shelving alongside the Bunnings red racking, with a heavy focus on decorating, moving away from Wesfarmers' primary focus on tools. At that time Homebase had over 170 stores in the United Kingdom, with a further eleven in Ireland.
In February 2020, it was announced that Homebase had returned to profit earlier than initially forecast, with nearly all of its 164 locations profitable. The company claims that its overhauled website, and the reintroduction of in-store concessions (many of which were removed by Wesfarmers) had helped it to achieve the reprise. Homebase confirmed that it would exit its CVA earlier than planned by April 2020. Hilco put Homebase back up for sale in November 2020.
Operations
The company moved its headquarters within Milton Keynes in December 2016, from premises previously shared with former sister company Argos.
Supply chain
Early in its history, Homebase used its Sainsbury's experience to move into using central warehouses from which to deliver its stock. By the 1990s, it was receiving the vast majority of its stock into central warehouses, then delivering it to stores. Homebase still receives a few direct deliveries to its stores, from manufacturers and vendors.
Loyalty scheme
In May 2009, Homebase discontinued its own loyalty programme, the Spend & Save Card, and replaced it with the Nectar loyalty card scheme, the United Kingdom's largest retail loyalty card. The Spend & Save card had been used by Homebase since 1982, and was believed to be one of the first store loyalty cards in the world.
Following the sale to Wesfarmers, Homebase left the Nectar scheme on 31 December 2016.
Advertising
From 1999 to 2005, Homebase used former Men Behaving Badly couple Neil Morrissey and Leslie Ash as a couple. Morrissey and Ash were the face of the brand for six years, until March 2005, when Homebase launched a series of new advertisements created by Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO, featuring the new slogan "Make a house a home."
From 2005 to 2008, Homebase used the song "Love Machine" by Girls Aloud in their television adverts. From 2007 to 2008, "Orinoco Flow" by Enya was used. From 2009 to 2013, "Young Folks" by Peter Bjorn and John featuring Victoria Bergsman was used.
Controversies
In April 2013, Homebase faced criticism over a poster in a London store. The poster appeared to highlight the benefits of free labour through work experience, called Workfare. The offending poster depicted a number of volunteer staff at the Haringey branch and was captioned: "How the work experience programme can benefit your store. Would 750 hours with no payroll costs help YOUR store?"
Homebase released contradictory statements, the first stating 'The company is not signed up to the Workfare Programme' and the second that 'we have decided to make no further commitment to the Job Centre work experience programme'.
Protest groups called Homebase's scheme a "profit driven attack" on workers and benefit claimants, adding "We hope Homebase will soon join, Wilko, Superdrug and more than twenty other companies who have ended their involvement with workfare. However we are prepared for further protests in the weeks and months ahead should they fail to do so."
References
External links
Companies based in Milton Keynes
Retail companies established in 1979
1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
Garden centres
British brands
Home improvement companies of the United Kingdom
Sainsbury's
2018 mergers and acquisitions |
```emacs lisp
;;; semantic/analyze/complete.el --- Smart Completions
;; Author: Eric M. Ludlam <zappo@gnu.org>
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <path_to_url
;;; Commentary:
;;
;; Calculate smart completions.
;;
;; Uses the analyzer context routine to determine the best possible
;; list of completions.
;;
;;; History:
;;
;; Code was moved here from semantic/analyze.el
(require 'semantic/analyze)
;; For semantic-find-* macros:
(eval-when-compile (require 'semantic/find))
;;; Code:
;;; Helper Fcns
;;
;;
;;;###autoload
(define-overloadable-function semantic-analyze-type-constants (type)
"For the tag TYPE, return any constant symbols of TYPE.
Used as options when completing.")
(defun semantic-analyze-type-constants-default (type)
"Do nothing with TYPE."
nil)
(defun semantic-analyze-tags-of-class-list (tags classlist)
"Return the tags in TAGS that are of classes in CLASSLIST."
(let ((origc tags))
;; Accept only tags that are of the datatype specified by
;; the desired classes.
(setq tags (apply 'nconc ;; All input lists are permutable.
(mapcar (lambda (class)
(semantic-find-tags-by-class class origc))
classlist)))
tags))
;;; MAIN completion calculator
;;
;;;###autoload
(define-overloadable-function semantic-analyze-possible-completions (context &rest flags)
"Return a list of semantic tags which are possible completions.
CONTEXT is either a position (such as point), or a precalculated
context. Passing in a context is useful if the caller also needs
to access parts of the analysis.
The remaining FLAGS arguments are passed to the mode specific completion engine.
Bad flags should be ignored by modes that don't use them.
See `semantic-analyze-possible-completions-default' for details on the default FLAGS.
Completions run through the following filters:
* Elements currently in scope
* Constants currently in scope
* Elements match the :prefix in the CONTEXT.
* Type of the completion matches the type of the context.
Context type matching can identify the following:
* No specific type
* Assignment into a variable of some type.
* Argument to a function with type constraints.
When called interactively, displays the list of possible completions
in a buffer."
(interactive "d")
;; In theory, we don't need the below since the context will
;; do it for us.
;;(semantic-refresh-tags-safe)
(if (semantic-active-p)
(with-syntax-table semantic-lex-syntax-table
(let* ((context (if (semantic-analyze-context-child-p context)
context
(semantic-analyze-current-context context)))
(ans (if (not context)
(error "Nothing to complete")
(:override))))
;; If interactive, display them.
(when (called-interactively-p 'any)
(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Possible Completions*"
(semantic-analyze-princ-sequence ans "" (current-buffer)))
(shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
(get-buffer-window "*Possible Completions*")))
ans))
;; Buffer was not parsed by Semantic.
;; Raise error if called interactively.
(when (called-interactively-p 'any)
(error "Buffer was not parsed by Semantic."))))
(defun semantic-analyze-possible-completions-default (context &optional flags)
"Default method for producing smart completions.
Argument CONTEXT is an object specifying the locally derived context.
The optional argument FLAGS changes which return options are returned.
FLAGS can be any number of:
`no-tc' - do not apply data-type constraint.
`no-longprefix' - ignore long multi-symbol prefixes.
`no-unique' - do not apply unique by name filtering."
(let* ((a context)
(desired-type (semantic-analyze-type-constraint a))
(desired-class (oref a prefixclass))
(prefix (oref a prefix))
(prefixtypes (oref a prefixtypes))
(completetext nil)
(completetexttype nil)
(scope (oref a scope))
(localvar (when scope (oref scope localvar)))
(origc nil)
(c nil)
(any nil)
(do-typeconstraint (not (memq 'no-tc flags)))
(do-longprefix (not (memq 'no-longprefix flags)))
(do-unique (not (memq 'no-unique flags)))
)
(when (not do-longprefix)
;; If we are not doing the long prefix, shorten all the key
;; elements.
(setq prefix (list (car (reverse prefix)))
prefixtypes nil))
;; Calculate what our prefix string is so that we can
;; find all our matching text.
(setq completetext (car (reverse prefix)))
(if (semantic-tag-p completetext)
(setq completetext (semantic-tag-name completetext)))
(if (and (not completetext) (not desired-type))
(error "Nothing to complete"))
(if (not completetext) (setq completetext ""))
;; This better be a reasonable type, or we should fry it.
;; The prefixtypes should always be at least 1 less than
;; the prefix since the type is never looked up for the last
;; item when calculating a sequence.
(setq completetexttype (car (reverse prefixtypes)))
(when (or (not completetexttype)
(not (and (semantic-tag-p completetexttype)
(eq (semantic-tag-class completetexttype) 'type))))
;; What should I do here? I think this is an error condition.
(setq completetexttype nil)
;; If we had something that was a completetexttype but it wasn't
;; valid, then express our dismay!
(when (> (length prefix) 1)
(let* ((errprefix (car (cdr (reverse prefix)))))
(error "Cannot find types for `%s'"
(cond ((semantic-tag-p errprefix)
(semantic-format-tag-prototype errprefix))
(t
(format "%S" errprefix)))))
))
;; There are many places to get our completion stream for.
;; Here we go.
(if completetexttype
(setq c (semantic-find-tags-for-completion
completetext
(semantic-analyze-scoped-type-parts completetexttype scope)
))
;; No type based on the completetext. This is a free-range
;; var or function. We need to expand our search beyond this
;; scope into semanticdb, etc.
(setq c (nconc
;; Argument list and local variables
(semantic-find-tags-for-completion completetext localvar)
;; The current scope
(semantic-find-tags-for-completion completetext (when scope (oref scope fullscope)))
;; The world
(semantic-analyze-find-tags-by-prefix completetext))
)
)
(let ((loopc c)
(dtname (semantic-tag-name desired-type)))
;; Save off our first batch of completions
(setq origc c)
;; Reset c.
(setq c nil)
;; Loop over all the found matches, and categorize them
;; as being possible features.
(while (and loopc do-typeconstraint)
(cond
;; Strip operators
((semantic-tag-get-attribute (car loopc) :operator-flag)
nil
)
;; If we are completing from within some prefix,
;; then we want to exclude constructors and destructors
((and completetexttype
(or (semantic-tag-get-attribute (car loopc) :constructor-flag)
(semantic-tag-get-attribute (car loopc) :destructor-flag)))
nil
)
;; If there is a desired type, we need a pair of restrictions
(desired-type
(cond
;; Ok, we now have a completion list based on the text we found
;; we want to complete on. Now filter that stream against the
;; type we want to search for.
((string= dtname (semantic-analyze-type-to-name (semantic-tag-type (car loopc))))
(setq c (cons (car loopc) c))
)
;; Now anything that is a compound type which could contain
;; additional things which are of the desired type
((semantic-tag-type (car loopc))
(let ((att (semantic-analyze-tag-type (car loopc) scope))
)
(if (and att (semantic-tag-type-members att))
(setq c (cons (car loopc) c))))
)
) ; cond
); desired type
;; No desired type, no other restrictions. Just add.
(t
(setq c (cons (car loopc) c)))
); cond
(setq loopc (cdr loopc)))
(when desired-type
;; Some types, like the enum in C, have special constant values that
;; we could complete with. Thus, if the target is an enum, we can
;; find possible symbol values to fill in that value.
(let ((constants
(semantic-analyze-type-constants desired-type)))
(if constants
(progn
;; Filter
(setq constants
(semantic-find-tags-for-completion
completetext constants))
;; Add to the list
(setq c (nconc c constants)))
)))
)
(when desired-class
(setq c (semantic-analyze-tags-of-class-list c desired-class)))
(if do-unique
(if c
;; Pull out trash.
;; NOTE TO SELF: Is this too slow?
(setq c (semantic-unique-tag-table-by-name c))
(setq c (semantic-unique-tag-table-by-name origc)))
(when (not c)
(setq c origc)))
;; All done!
c))
(provide 'semantic/analyze/complete)
;; Local variables:
;; generated-autoload-file: "../loaddefs.el"
;; generated-autoload-load-name: "semantic/analyze/complete"
;; End:
;;; semantic/analyze/complete.el ends here
``` |
The 2003–04 season was the 80th season in the existence of AEK Athens F.C. and the 45th consecutive season in the top flight of Greek football. They competed in the Alpha Ethniki, the Greek Cup and the UEFA Champions League. The season began on 17 August 2003 and finished on 22 May 2004.
Kits
|
|
|
|}
Overview
The summer of 2003 started with severe financial and administrative problems for another season in the history of AEK. The administration of the court of first instance was trying to put the club in an order after the "mess" of Psomiadis and things were very difficult, while the "star" of the team, Demis Nikolaidis also left for Atlético Madrid. Everything looked disappointing, but suddenly, in the summer, the climate reversed after some strong transfers were made with the acquisition of Nikos Liberopoulos and Ioannis Okkas with the help of the then outsider, Dimitris Melissanidis, while almost all the other players of the very good roster of the previous year remained.
While the roster was very good, the atmosphere was very bad and so the team ultimately presented a bad image. The players were unpaid, Bajević was permanently at odds with some of the fans, without showing that he was the coach he used to be, and as if all this was not enough, the team was roaming around various stadiums in Attica, since the Nikos Goumas Stadium was demolished. The result was the resignation of Bajević during the 18th matchday. With the assumption of the technical leadership by the Romanian Ilie Dumitrescu, AEK eventually finished at the 4th place of the league with the players presenting themselves far below their value and the team looking disjointed and weak throughout during the season.
AEK had the opportunity to compete for the second consecutive season in the Champions League group stage, and the need for this to happen became even more imperative for financial reasons, since the team was facing huge financial problems. On their way, the Swiss Grasshopper and the yellow-blacks were considered favorites for qualification. In the first match at the Hardturm, the AEK did not appear ready and the Swiss had the upper hand and even if they became more threatening offensively in the second half, the Swiss team scored, the match ended 1–0 and things became difficult for the Greek team. The rematch that took place at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium with AEK entering the match very strongly and with 2 goals and an own goal were already getting a qualifying score by the 39th minute. In the second half, however, Grasshoppers scored, but AEK responded with a goal by Liberopoulos and in the last minutes the Swiss team put a lot of pressure on the Greek team without finally being able to score the goal that would have given them qualification. Thus, AEK qualified for a second year in a row in the group stage of the Champions League and were drawn with Monaco, Deportivo La Coruña and PSV Eindhoven, where they finished last after 2 draws and 4 defeats.
In the Greek Cup, AEK first eliminated Doxa Drama then they qualified without an opponent to the Round of 16, where they also eliminated Agrotikos Asteras and then they faced Iraklis, where they also got an easy qualification. In the semi-finals AEK came across Panathinaikos. The first match at the Apostolos Nikolaidis Stadium ended 2–2 with both teams scoring one goal each towards the end of the match. In the rematch at Giannis Pathiakakis Stadium, the yellow-blacks appeared inferior to the circumstances, ultimately losing with 0–1 and thus they were eliminated from the final.
As the season progressed, the team's financial and administrative situation appeared to have reached their limits, with the result that the very existence of the club was threatened. Top scorer of this bad season in the league for AEK, Nikos Liberopoulos with 13 goals, while Vasilios Lakis scored 10 goals.
Management team
|}
Players
Squad information
NOTE: The players are the ones that have been announced by the AEK Athens' press release. No edits should be made unless a player arrival or exit is announced. Updated 22 May 2004, 23:59 UTC+3.
Transfers
In
Summer
Winter
Out
Summer
Winter
Notes
a. Plus 25% of resale.
b. The player paid €400,000 to the club for his contract termination so he could rejoin Olympiacos.
Loan out
Summer
Winter
Contract renewals
Overall transfer activity
Expenditure
Summer: €460,000
Winter: €0
Total: €460,000
Income
Summer: €0
Winter: €0
Total: €0
Net Totals
Summer: €460,000
Winter: €0
Total: €460,000
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Alpha Ethniki
League table
Results summary
Results by Matchday
Fixtures
Greek Cup
First round
Second round
AEK Athens qualified to the Round of 16 without a match.
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
UEFA Champions League
Third Qualifying Round
The draw for the third qualifying round was held on 25 July 2003.
Group stage
The draw for the group stage was held on 28 August 2003.
Statistics
Squad statistics
! colspan="13" style="background:#FFDE00; text-align:center" | Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan="13" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Defenders
|-
! colspan="13" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Midfielders
|-
! colspan="13" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Forwards
|-
! colspan="13" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Left during Winter Transfer Window
|-
|}
Goalscorers
Hat-tricks
Numbers in superscript represent the goals that the player scored.
Assists
Clean sheets
Disciplinary record
|-
! colspan="17" style="background:#FFDE00; text-align:center" | Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan="17" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Defenders
|-
! colspan="17" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Midfielders
|-
! colspan="17" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Forwards
|-
! colspan="17" style="background:#FFDE00; color:black; text-align:center;"| Left during Winter Transfer window
|}
Starting 11
References
External links
masternews.gr Kit source
AEK Athens F.C. Official Website
2003-04
Greek football clubs 2003–04 season |
Bjørn Føyn (21 September 1898 – 8 January 1985) was a Norwegian zoologist, especially known for researching the genetics of algae.
He was born in Trondhjem as a son of educator and major Anton Christian Føyn (1865–1940) and Olga Barth Nielsen (1870–1959). He finished his secondary education at Trondhjem Cathedral School in 1918, and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.real. degree in 1927. He was a research assistant from 1923 to 1928 at the Royal Frederick University, and then under Max Hartmann at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Biologie from 1929 to 1932. He was also a research fellow in Norway during this period, and from 1932 to 1937 he worked in Bergen. From 1938 to 1968 he was a professor at the University of Oslo. He was elected as a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1938, and of the Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft of Vienna in 1963.
He had taken the doctorate in 1935 with the thesis Lebenszyklus, Cytologie und Sexualität der Chiorophycee Cladophora Suhriana Kiltzing, on the algae Cladophora. Other notable publications include the textbook in biology for upper secondary schools; Biologi for gymnasiet ("Biology for the Gymnasium"), which was released for the first time in 1941 together with Trygve Braarud, and released for the last time in 1964. The popular work Norges dyreliv ("Animal Life of Norway") came in four volumes between 1947 and 1950, edited by Føyn together with Johan Huus, Gudrun Ruud and Hagbart Røise. It too was reissued later.
In the 1938 popular release Arvelæren, he criticized racial biology as practiced in Nazi Germany. Then, in World War II came the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. When the Nazi authorities were about to change the rules for admission to the university in autumn 1943, a protest ensued. In retaliation, the authorities arrested 11 staff, 60 male students and 10 female students. The staff Johannes Andenæs, Eiliv Skard, Johan Christian Schreiner, Harald Krabbe Schjelderup, Anatol Heintz, Odd Hassel, Ragnar Frisch, Carl Jacob Arnholm, Endre Berner and Bjørn Føyn were sent to Grini concentration camp. Føyn was first incarcerated at Bredtveit from 15 October to 22 November, then at Berg until 8 December, then at Grini until 24 December 1944.
Føyn married fellow science student Bibba Ruud (1900–1985) in 1927. Through her he was a brother-in-law of Johan T. Ruud. He was also a first cousin of Ernst Føyn. He died in January 1985 in Oslo.
References
1898 births
1985 deaths
People from Trondheim
Norwegian phycologists
Norwegian geneticists
Norwegian expatriates in Germany
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Norwegian resistance members
Bredtveit concentration camp survivors
Berg concentration camp survivors
Grini concentration camp survivors
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
People educated at the Trondheim Cathedral School |
Manduul (also spelled Manduuluu, Manduyul or Manduyulun; ; ), (1438–1479) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1475 to 1479. He was the younger half-brother of Taisun Khan.
Early life
After the death of his nephew Molon Khan, the position remain vacant for nearly a decade as warring Mongol clans fought each other for dominance. Manduul Khan was married to Yeke Qabar-tu, daughter of the Turfan-based warlord Beg-Arslan, sometime between 1463 and 1465. The two disliked each other, and their marriage produced no children. In 1464, he also married Mandukhai, who was only sixteen years old at the time. It was not until 1475 that Manduul Khan was finally crowned as the new khan. Manduul is the earliest Mongol chief known to have actually headed the Chakhar myriarchy.
Reign
During his short rule, Manduul Khan successfully strengthened the power of khan and reduced the power of nobles, and paved the way for his adopted son and great-grandnephew Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) who succeeded him as Manduul Khan had no direct male heirs, and most sources report that he had no children at all.
In Fiction
Manduul's later life is also fictionalized in books one and two of the historical fiction Fractured Empire Saga, by Starr Z. Davies, published 2021-2022, a four-book series: Daughter of the Yellow Dragon, Lords of the Black Banner, Mother of the Blue Wolf, Empress of the Jade Realm.
He is also a character who appears in the historical novel "Manduchai" written by German Author Tanja Kinkel in 2014.
See also
List of khans of the Northern Yuan dynasty
References
1438 births
1479 deaths
Northern Yuan khans
15th-century Mongol khans
15th-century Chinese monarchs |
Nemdargunj (pop. 3000) is a village in Nawada district about 7 km from the main town of Nawada. There are several schools operating under the Government of Bihar. The population consists of both Hindus and Muslims.
A small stream passes by the village and is popularly known as Khuri River.
Villages in Nawada district |
Ripogonum (sometimes Rhipogonum) is a genus of flowering plants confined to eastern Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Until recently this genus was included in the family Smilacaceae, and earlier in the family Liliaceae, but it has now been separated as its own family Ripogonaceae (sometimes Rhipogonaceae).
Like most species of the closely related Smilacaceae, most species of Ripogonum are woody vines. Differences from Smilacaceae include that Ripogonum lacks stipules, it has a wet rather than dry stigma, its seeds and leaves contain starch, and its guard cells contain oil.
Description
The six species of Ripogonum are perennials, either vines or shrubs. The leaves, which may have several different arrangements, lack stipules. The stems may have prickles. The Australian species are bisexual; others are unisexual. Individual flowers have six white to pale green or yellow tepals. The ovary has three locules with two ovules per locule. The fruit is a berry with a few brown seeds.
Taxonomy
In 1769, during explorer Lieutenant James Cook's first voyage of discovery, botanists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander collected specimens of "supplejack" (Ripogonum scandens) in New Zealand. The species was described in Solander's unpublished manuscript and was illustrated by Sydney Parkinson. Cook again visited New Zealand in 1773 during his second voyage. While anchored at Dusky Bay (now Dusky Sound) in the South Island of New Zealand, he remarked in his journal:
During this voyage naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster, assisted by his son Georg Forster collected plant specimens, the elder Forster offering the following description in his journal:
In 1776, the Forsters published the genus Ripogonum in the second edition of their with Ripogonum scandens as the type species. The name Ripogonum is derived from the Greek words (, wickerwork, referring to the long shoots) and (, jointed), from the jointed appearance of the stems.
Because the Greek word begins with an aspirate rho rather than plain rho, classical scholars preferred to transcribe it with rh- rather than r-. Consequently, some early botanists treated the Forsters' spelling as an error to be corrected and the spelling Rhipogonum was used. Which spelling is correct depends on the interpretation of Article 60 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, which recommends that the classical transcription rules should be followed when forming new names (Rec. 60A) and also that "the original spelling of a name or epithet is to be retained, except for the correction of typographical or orthographical errors".
It has been stated that the Forsters' spelling is probably deliberate and should not be liable to correction in the same way as an accidental typographical error would be. The International Plant Names Index treats the spelling Rhipogonum as an "orthographic variant", and the Index Nominum Genericorum database uses the spelling Ripogonum, as does the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families .
Phylogeny and classification
Until recently, Ripogonum was included in the family Smilacaceae (and earlier in the family Liliaceae along with other lilioid monocots) but it has now been separated into its own family Ripogonaceae. The family name was first formally defined by Conran and Clifford in 1985. Armen Takhtajan later created the same family without realising it already existed.
Molecular phylogenetic studies since the early 2000s have consistently shown a close relationship between the four families Ripogonaceae, Philesiaceae, Smilacaceae and the modern narrowly defined Liliaceae. This relationship was confirmed in a 2013 study, which produced the cladogram:
The authors suggested that the Ripogonaceae and Philesiaceae could be combined into a single family based both on the genetic similarity of their plastids and common morphological features. The APG III system treats them as two separate families in the Liliales, both distinct from Smilacaceae.
Species
Ripogonum contains only six known species .
Ripogonum album , White supplejack – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria) & New Guinea
Ripogonum brevifolium , Small-leaved supplejack – Australia (Queensland and New South Wales)
Ripogonum discolor , Prickly supplejack – Australia (Queensland and New South Wales)
Ripogonum elseyanum , Hairy supplejack – Australia (Queensland and New South Wales)
Ripogonum fawcettianum , Small supplejack – Australia (Queensland and New South Wales)
Ripogonum scandens , Supplejack – the sole New Zealand species
Uses
Some species of this genus are used for constructing baskets, ropes, and fish traps by indigenous peoples. In Australia and New Zealand, Ripogonum berries are known foods for some species of mammals and birds.
Ripogonum scandens has a fibrous root rich in starch and used as a beer flavouring. Known to the Māori of New Zealand as or , a concentrated decoction of the supplejack root has a sweetish sarsaparilla-like scent and flavour and is soothing to the throat. It was also used in treating bowel complaints, fever, rheumatism and skin diseases. The edible small berry is dry and insipid but the cooked young shoots reportedly taste like fresh green beans. The sap is also edible.
References
External links
Ripogonaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants : descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 9 March 2006. http://delta-intkey.com
NCBI Taxonomy Browser
Plants for a Future Database: description of uses of Ripogonum scandens
Liliales genera
Flora of Australia
Flora of New Guinea
Flora of New Zealand
Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster |
Trmčare is a village in the municipality of Kruševac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 715 people.
References
Populated places in Rasina District |
Tropaeolum polyphyllum is a species of flowering plant in the nasturtium family Tropaeolaceae. It is endemic to mountainous regions of Chile and Argentina where it is called in Spanish soldadito grande de la cordillera (great soldier of the mountains).
Description
This herbaceous perennial overwinters as a tuber deep in the soil. It sends out long rhizomes from which shoots develop which trail over the ground. These are densely covered with silvery green, deeply lobed leaves. The flower buds have inflated pale green calyces and the sepals are extended backwards into a short spur. The relatively large and showy flowers are borne on long slender stalks and are golden yellow. After flowering, which takes place in mid-summer, the shoots die back and the plant remains dormant until the following year.
Distribution and habitat
Tropaeolum polyphyllum is endemic to the central Andes in Chile and Argentina where it grows at heights of up to above sea level. Its typical habitat is among scantily vegetated stony ground or on scree where it forms small hummocks of grey-green foliage studded with yellow flowers. In this area, summer droughts may last for several months and what precipitation there is, falls mainly in the winter. The plant has small, rounded tubers which are buried deep in the ground and which enable it to survive being covered with snow for several months and withstand temperatures down to .
Cultivation
Tropaeolum polyphyllum needs full sun and neutral or slightly acid, well drained soil. It grows well on hot, dry banks and is hardy when fully established. Propagate from tubers or by seed. The seeds should be sown in the spring in well-drained compost and covered with of sand. The containers should be kept at below until the seedlings appear in about a month. Too high a temperature inhibits germination. The USDA Hardiness Zone is 7.
References
polyphyllum
Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles |
Chen Lili (or Lili Chen, ; born February, 1980) is a transgender singer, model, and actress from People's Republic of China. She has a heterogametic sex and became widely known in 2004 when she competed and attempted to compete in beauty pageants as a woman.
She was born into a peasant family at Yilong County, Nanchong City of Sichuan Province and was assigned male at birth. She received sex reassignment surgery in Qingdao in November 2003. On February 11, 2004, she was issued an ID card establishing her transfeminine identity by the Public Security Bureau of Nanchong.
Chen attempted to compete in the Miss Universe contest in early 2004. Although the Miss Universe China committee initially announced, on February 23, that she would be allowed to participate, on February 25, they retracted their original decision, stating that she would not be allowed to participate because she was not a "natural female." Despite being barred from the competition, Chen was nonetheless given the opportunity to perform at the event. It is believed that Lili is the first transsexual woman to attempt to compete in the Miss Universe contest.
In late 2004, Chen competed in China's first Miss Artificial Beauty pageant. She finished as second runner up.
In 2005, she appeared in the motion picture The Secret ().
Notes
Newspaper sources are not clear whether Chen attempted to enter and was rejected by the Miss World pageant or the Miss Universe pageant.
See also
Trans woman
References
External links
An article about Chen Lili in the Taipei Times: Chinese transsexuals gaining acceptance
An article exploring Beijing's gay and transgender nightlife, and mentioning Chen Lili, in The Standard: Never a drag
An article describing social changes in China favorable to transgender people, and mentioning Chen Lili, in the China Daily: Transsexual's wedding mirrors social changes
An article describing Chinese society's growing tolerance of transsexualism in the People's Daily: Chinese now more tolerant toward transsexuals
An article arguing that transsexuals ought to be permitted to compete in the Miss Universe pageant, by Dann Halem at Slate.com: There He Is... Miss Universe
1980 births
Living people
Transgender actresses
Transgender women musicians
Transgender singers
Chinese LGBT singers
Chinese LGBT actors
Chinese transgender people
Transgender female models
21st-century Chinese LGBT people |
Emre Özkan (born 24 December 1988) is a Turkish football defender who plays for TFF Third League club Ergene Velimeşe.
Career
During his contract with Beşiktaş, he has been on loan at Zeytinburnuspor, Ankaragücü, Eskişehirspor, and Orduspor.
On 31 August 2016, he joined Bucaspor on a one-year contract.
Emre has represented Turkey at youth level, but has not been called up to the full squad.
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Istanbul
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's under-21 international footballers
Turkey men's youth international footballers
Beşiktaş J.K. footballers
Zeytinburnuspor footballers
Eskişehirspor footballers
Bodrum F.K. footballers
Orduspor footballers
Kahramanmaraşspor footballers
Sarıyer S.K. footballers
Süper Lig players
TFF First League players
TFF Second League players
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football defenders |
Textile design, also known as textile geometry, is the creative and technical process by which thread or yarn fibers are interlaced to form a piece of cloth or fabric, which is subsequently printed upon, or otherwise adorned. Textile design is further broken down into three major disciplines: printed textile design, woven textile design, and mixed media textile design, each of which uses different methods to produce a fabric for variable uses and markets. Textile design as an industry is involved in other disciplines such as fashion, interior design, and fine arts.
Overview
Textile designing is the creative technique in which thread or yarn fibers are woven together to form a piece of fabric. Clothing, carpets, drapes, and towels are some products resulting from textile design. Textile design requires understanding of the technical aspects of production and the properties of fiber, yarn, and dyes.
Textile design disciplines
Printed textile design
Printed textile designs are produced by applying different printing processes to fabric, cloth, and other media. Printed textile design is one of the three major disciplines of textile design. Printed textile designers are predominantly involved with home interior design (designing patterns for carpets, wallpapers, or even ceramics), the fashion and clothing industries, and the paper industry (designing stationary or gift wrap).
There are numerous established printed styles and designs that can be broken down into four major categories: floral, geometric, world cultures, and conversational. Floral designs include flowers, plants, or any botanical themes. Geometric designs feature themes (both inorganic and abstract) such as tessellations. Designs surrounding world cultures may be traced to a specific geographic, ethnic, or anthropological source. Finally, conversational design are designs that fit less easily into the other categories; they may be described as presenting "imagery that references popular icons of a particular time period or season, or which is unique and challenges our perceptions in some way." Each category contains sundry, which includes more specific individual styles and designs.
Different clothes, moreover, require different dyes; for example, silk, wool. Other protein-based fabrics require acidic dyes, whereas synthetic fabrics require specialized disperse dyes.
The advent of computer-aided design software, such as Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator, has allowed each discipline of textile design to evolve and innovate new practices and processes, but has most influenced the production of printed textile designs. Digital tools have influenced the process of creating repeating patterns or motifs, or repeats. Repeats are used to create patterns both visible and invisible to the eye: geometric patterns are intended to depict clear, intentional patterns, whereas floral or organic designs are intended to create unbroken repeats that are ideally undetectable. Digital tools have also aided in making patterns by decreasing the amount of an effect known as "tracking", in which the eye is inadvertently drawn to parts of textiles that expose the discontinuity of the textile and reveal its pattern. These tools, alongside the innovation of digital inkjet printing, have allowed the textile printing process to become faster, more scalable, and sustainable.
Woven textile design
Woven textile design originates from the practice of weaving, which produces fabric by interlacing a vertical yarn (warp) and a horizontal yarn (weft), most often at right angles. Woven textile designs are created by various types of looms and are now predominantly produced using a mechanized or computerized jacquard loom.Designs within the context of weaving are created using various types of yarns, using variance in texture, size, and color to construct a stylized patterned or monochromatic fabric. There are a large range of yarn types available to the designer, including but not limited to: cotton, twill, linen, and synthetic fibers. In order to produce the woven fabric, the designer first delineates and visualizes the sequence of threading, which is traditionally drawn out on graph paper known as a point paper.
The designer also will choose a weave structure that governs the aesthetic design that will be produced. The most common process is a plain weave, in which the yarns interlace in an alternating, tight formation, producing a strong and flexible multi-use fabric. Twill weaves, which are also common, alternatively use diagonal lines created by floating the warp or the weft to the left or the right. This process creates a softer fabric favored by designers in the fashion and clothing design industries. Common and recognizable twill styles include patterns like houndstooth or herringbone.
Beyond weave structure, color is another dominant aspect governing woven textile design. Typically, designers choose two or more contrasting colors that will be woven into patterns based on the designer's chosen threading sequence. Color is also dependent on the size of the yarn: fine yarns will produce a fabric that may change colors when it receives light from different angles whereas larger yarns will generally produce a more monochromatic surface.
Mixed media textile design
Mixed media textiles designs are produced using embroidery or other various fabric manipulation processes such as pleating, appliqué, quilting, and laser cutting.
Embroidery is traditionally performed by hand, applying myriad stitches of thread to construct designs and patterns on the textile surface. Similar to printed textile design, embroidery affords the designer artistic and aesthetic control. Typical stitches include but are not limited to the cross stitch, the chain stitch, and couching. Although industrial and mechanized embroidery has become the standard, hand stitching still remains a fixture for fine arts textiles.
Quilting, traditionally used to enhance the insulation and warmth of a textile, also provides the designer the opportunity to apply aesthetic properties. Most commonly quilts feature geometric and collage designs formed from a various textiles of different textures and colors. Quilting also frequently employs the use of recycled scrap or heirloom fabrics. Quilts are also often used as medium for an artist to depict a personal or communal narrative: for example, the Hmong people have a tradition of creating story quilts or cloths illustrating their experiences with immigration to the United States from Eastern and South-eastern Asia.
Environmental impact
The practice and industry of textile design present environmental concerns. From the production of cloth from raw material, to dyeing and finishing, and finally the ultimate disposal of products, each step of the process produces environmental implications that have proliferated with the emergence of fast fashion and other modern industrial practices.
Predominantly, these environmental impacts stem from the heavy use of hazardous chemicals involved in each step of the textile creation process which must be properly disposed of. Other considerations involve the amount of waste created by the disposal of textile design products and the reclamation and re-use of recyclable textiles. The Environmental Protection Agency reported that over 15 million tons of textile waste is created annually. This consists of some 5% of all municipal waste generated and only 15% of that waste is recovered and reused.
The existence of negative environmental impacts due to textile production has resulted in new technologies and practices of textile design. Textile designs involving the use of synthetic dyes and materials can result in harmful effects on the environment. This has caused a shift towards using natural dyes or materials and research towards other mediums that do not harm the environment. This research includes testing new ways to collect natural resources and how these natural resources work with other materials.
Electronic textiles or e-textiles are a new innovation towards eco-friendly textile design. Electronic textiles involve items of clothing with electronic devices or technology weaved into the fabric unnoticeably. These textiles are tested for efficiency and recyclability and have a main priority of being eco-friendly. These new approaches to textile design result in strides towards lowering negative environmental impact from textiles and improving overall recyclability and usage of these pieces. Brands have started to falsely advertise themselves as sustainable which is also known as greenwashing. Brands such as H&M has faced some backlash since being accused of greenwashing.
These concerns have led to the birth of sustainable textile design movements and the practice of ecological design within the field. For instance, London's Royal Society of the Arts hosts design competitions that compel all entrants to center their design and manufacturing methods around sustainable practices and materials.
Textile design in different cultures
Methods, patterns, designs, and importance regarding textiles vary from culture to culture. Those from countries in Africa use textiles as a large form of expression of their culture and way of life. They use textiles to liven up the interior of a space or accentuate and decorate the body of an individual. Whether for a piece of clothing or a rug, the textile designs of African cultures involve the process of strip-woven fibers that can repeat a pattern or vary from strip to strip.
History
The history of textile design goes back thousands of years. Due to decomposition of textile fibers, early examples of textile design are rare. However, some of the oldest known examples of textiles found were discovered in the form of nets and basketry, dating from Neolithic cultures in 5000 BCE. When trade networks formed in European countries, textiles like silk, wool, cotton, and flax fibers became valuable commodities. Many early cultures including Egyptian, Chinese, African, and Peruvian practiced early weaving techniques. One of the oldest examples of textile design was found from an ancient Siberian tomb in 1947. The tomb was said to be that of a prince, aging back to 464 AD, making the tomb and all of its contents over 2,500 years old. The rug, known as the Pazyryk rug, was preserved in ice all those years and is detailed with elaborate deer and men riding on horseback. The designs are similar to present day Anatolian and Persian rugs that apply the directly proportional Ghiordes knot in the weaving. It is currently displayed at the Hermitage Museum located in St. Petersburg, Russia.
See also
Clothing technology
Fashion design
Textile manufacturing
Notes
References
Billie J. Collier, Martin J. Bide, and Phyllis G., Understanding of Textiles, Pearson Publishers, 2009, ,
Bowles, Melanie, 1961- (2012). Digital textile design. Isaac, Ceri. (2nd ed.). London: Laurence King Pub. . OCLC 866622297
Briggs-Goode, A. (Amanda). Printed textile design. London. . OCLC 898176484.
Calamari, Sage; Hyllegard, Karen H. (2016-07-07). "An exploration of designers' perspectives on human health and environmental impacts of interior textiles". Textiles and Clothing Sustainability. 2 (1): 9. ISSN 2197-9936
Clarke, Simon, 1963-. Textile design. London [England]. . OCLC 908338301.
Gale, Colin, Lajwanti Lahori, and Jasbir Kaur, The Textile Book, Berg Publishers, 2002,
Jackson, Lesley : Twentieth-Century Pattern Design, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2002.
Jackson, Lesley : Shirley Craven and Hull Traders: Revolutionary Fabrics and Furniture 1957-1980, ACC Editions, 2009,
Jenkins, David, ed.: The Cambridge History of Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003,
Kadolph, Sara J., ed.: Textiles, 10th edition, Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2007,
Labillois, Tabitha M., ed.: "the meow institute", Mexico, 1756.
Rothstein, Natalie: The Victoria and Albert Museum's Textile Collection: Woven Textile Design in Britain to 1750, Canopy Books, New York, London, and Paris, 1994.
Rothstein, Natalie: The Victoria and Albert Museum's Textile Collection: Woven Textile Design in Britain 1750 to 1850, Canopy Books, New York, London, and Paris, 1994.
Russel, Alex.The Fundamentals of Printed Textile Design, AVA Publishing SA Distributed by Thames & Hudson (ex-North America) Distributed in the USA & Canada by: English Language Support Office,
Shenton, Jan. Woven textile design. Ridsdale, Eleanor,. London [England]. . OCLC 884590266.
Miraftab, M., and A R. Horrocks. Ecotextiles The Way Forward for Sustainable Development in Textiles. Burlington: Elsevier Science, 2007. Print.
Schevill, Margot. Evolution in Textile Design from the Highlands of Guatemala : Seventeen Male Tzutes, or Headdresses, from Chichicastenango in the Collections of the Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley . Berkeley, Calif: Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, 1985. Print.
Robinson, Stuart. A History of Printed Textiles: Block, Roller, Screen, Design, Dyes, fibers, Discharge, Resist, Further Sources for Research. London: Studio Vista, 1969. Print.
Speelberg, Femke. "Fashion & Virtue : Textile Patterns and the Print Revolution, 1520–1620". Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015. Print.
Perivoliotis, Margaret C. "The Role of Textile History in Design Innovation: A Case Study Using Hellenic Textile History". Textile history 36.1 (2005): 1–19. Web.
Grömer, Karina. The Art of Prehistoric Textile Making. Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 2016. Web.
European Textile Forum, In Hopkins, H., In Kania, K., & European Textile Forum. (2019). Ancient textiles, modern science II.
In Siennicka, M., In Rahmstorf, L., & In Ulanowska, A. (2018). First textiles: The beginnings of textile manufacture in Europe and the Mediterranean : proceedings of the EAA Session held in Istanbul (2014) and the 'First Textiles' Conference in Copenhagen (2015)''.
Whewell, Charles S. and Abrahart, Edward Noah. "Textile". Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 Jun. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile. Accessed 7 March 2021.
Gesimondo, Nancy and Postell, Jim. "Materiality and Interior Construction". John Wiley & Sons, 2011, |
Catalonia in the Senate () was a Catalan electoral alliance formed by Convergence and Union (CiU) and Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) to contest the 1982 Spanish Senate election. It then existed as a parliamentary group in the Senate of Spain during the 1982–1986 legislature, whose constitution was allowed through the temporary incorporation of three senators from the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), though in practice it worked as CiU's group upon ERC's withdrawal in April 1983.
Composition
Electoral performance
Senate
References
1982 establishments in Spain
1983 disestablishments in Spain
Defunct political party alliances in Spain
Political parties established in 1982
Political parties disestablished in 1983 |
Hudaraj (, also Romanized as Hūdaraj and Hoodaraj) is a village in Seyyed Jamal ol Din Rural District, in the Central District of Asadabad County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 646, in 144 families.
References
Populated places in Asadabad County |
Leslie Barrett (October 30, 1919 – June 8, 2010) was an American actor whose career spanned Broadway, feature films and television from 1937 to 1998.
Biography
Leslie Klein was born on Staten Island, New York City on October 30, 1919. His parents were Cecil and Theresa ( Leonhardt) Klein. He attended George Washington High School. He changed his name to Leslie Barrett in 1937. He had two marriages: the first to Diana Newman Barth, which ended in divorce, and the second to actress Ruth Livingston.
Career
Barrett made his professional acting debut on January 12, 1937, under the name Leslie Klein at what was then known as the Guild Theatre. He first performed under his stage name upon succeeding Billy Halop in a production of Dead End at the Belasco Theatre. Barrett appeared in numerous original Broadway productions throughout his career, including The Primrose Path in 1939, Rhinoceros in 1961, and The Dresser in 1981.
In 1952, Barrett and Paul Curtis formed the American Mime Theatre. He was an accomplished Shakespearean actor. He joined the Shakespeare Theatre Workshop under the direction of Joseph Papp in April 1955. He appeared in Much Ado About Nothing and As You Like It at the Westport Country Playhouse
later that year, and The Taming of the Shrew at the Walnut Street Theatre in 1974.
Barrett appeared on television as early as 1949. He appeared in four (4) episodes of The Philco Television Playhouse from 1949-53. In 1960, he performed in an episode of The Twilight Zone and on NBC's Startime in the Alfred Hitchcock- directed Incident at a Corner. In 1964, he appeared in an episode of East Side/West Side. In 1962, he appeared in an episode of Dennis the Menace playing the new principal "Mr. Spivey". He played Judge Hanley who presided over the trial of Victoria Winters for witchcraft on the soap opera Dark Shadows. Barrett may be best known as George, Harvey's best friend from The Honeymooners episode "The Bensonhurst Bomber".
Partial filmography
Career (1959) - Kensington's Assistant (uncredited)
Preppies (1984) - Dean Flossmore
Death Mask (1984) - Albert Dalton
Notes
External links
Leslie Barrett correspondence and ephemera, 1942-1996, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Leslie Barrett scrapbooks, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Male actors from New York City
1919 births
2010 deaths
American male stage actors
American male film actors
George Washington Educational Campus alumni |
Rosgosstrakh () was the largest insurance company in Russia for many years (now the second largest, behind SOGAZ). Rosgosstrakh was the main sponsor of the Russian National Football Championship. As Russia started its 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, Rosgosstrakh was sanctioned by the US on 24th February 2022.
History
Rosgosstrakh is the successor of Gosstrakh, which was founded in 1921 during the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Gosstrakh was the Russian government-owned insurance monopolist until 1947, when Ingosstrakh was established as agency of foreign insurance. Rosgosstrakh became a state-owned joint stock company on 10 February 10 1992 by the Government Resolution of the Russian Cabinet №76 "On the establishment of the Russian State Insurance Company".
In July 2003, the controlling stake of 78%, minus four shares, was privatized. As of 2006, Rosgosstrakh was Russia's largest insurance company with US$1,528 billion in premiums per the Russian Federal Insurance Oversight Service (FIOS), aka Federal Service for Insurance Supervision (FSIS) or by the Russian acronym FSSN, the All-Russian Insurance Association (ARIA), Interfax, and public websites of the 20 leading Russian insurance companies.
During 2007 and 2008 Rosgosstrakh bought the insurance company arm of the IFD Kapital Financial Group, consisting of Kapital Insurance, Kapital Reinsurance, Kapital Health Insurance and Kapital Life Insurance. They continue to do business under the name "Capital". On January 1, 2010 Rosgosstrakh restructured its ten regional insurance companies into the unified federal company "Group Rosgosstrakh".
Up until September 2010, Rosgosstrakh was the only insurance company with government shares. At that time the Russian government sold the remaining 13.1% stake in the company and hence lost its power, the golden share.
In 2018, after consecutive losses, when did face profit acquired Ergo Life, a Russian based subsidiary of German Insurance company Munich Re.
References
External links
Official site of Rosgosstrakh (in Russian)
Official site of Rosgosstrakh (in English)
Financial services companies established in 1992
Insurance companies of Russia
Companies of the Soviet Union
Companies based in Moscow
Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange |
Nick Hatzke (born October 16, 1983 in San Jose, California, USA) is an American soccer player.
Starting off by playing soccer at Bellarmine College Preparatory he then played college soccer at the University of California, Berkeley, before being drafted in the first round (13th overall) of the 2007 MLS Supplemental Draft by Houston Dynamo.
Having spent time with Dynamo's reserves, Hatzke made his full professional debut for Dynamo on July 10, 2007, in a US Open Cup third-round game against Charleston Battery. He made his second first team appearance on July 1, 2008, again in a US Open Cup third-round game against Charleston Battery.
References
American men's soccer players
Houston Dynamo FC players
Orange County Blue Star players
USL League Two players
1983 births
Living people
California Golden Bears men's soccer players
Houston Dynamo FC draft picks
Soccer players from San Jose, California
Men's association football midfielders
Bellarmine College Preparatory alumni |
David Bauzá Francés (born 29 May 1976) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a defensive midfielder, and is the manager of CF La Nucía B.
Club career
Bauzá was born in Alicante, Valencian Community. He appeared in 354 Segunda División matches and scored 16 goals over 12 seasons, representing five clubs in that tier, mainly Sporting de Gijón and Albacete Balompié (three years apiece).
Late into his career, during his spell with SD Huesca, Bauzá suffered two nearly-consecutive anterior cruciate ligament injuries – right and left knees – which sidelined him for a period of almost two years. He retired at the end of the 2011–12 campaign whilst at the service of that team, aged 36.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Alicante
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
FC Barcelona C players
Yeclano CF players
UDA Gramenet footballers
CF Gandía players
CD Badajoz players
Sporting de Gijón players
Albacete Balompié players
Gimnàstic de Tarragona footballers
SD Huesca footballers
Spanish football managers
Tercera División managers
CD Eldense managers
Novelda CF managers |
Frederick William Frohawk (16 July 1861 – 10 December 1946) was an English zoological artist and lepidopterist.
Frohawk was the author of Natural History of British Butterflies (1914), The Complete Book of British Butterflies (1934) and Varieties of British Butterflies (1938).
Frohawk was born at Brisley Hall, East Dereham, Norfolk, the son of a yeoman farmer Francis Frohawk and his wife, Lydia Drage. The youngest child in his family, his interest in drawing and natural history was nurtured by his mother. At seven he spotted and caught a rare pale clouded yellow butterfly. The family moved to Great Yarmouth and later Ipswich where he found many interesting butterflies. After the death of his father around 1873, the family moved to Croydon and later South Norwood. He went to school at Norwood College and during this time contracted typhoid leading to near blindness in one eye. In 1880 the family moved to Upper Norwood and here Frohawk concentrated on illustration and obtained his first commission for illustrating The Field. Frohawk was encouraged in his work by Lord Walter Rothschild, who later bought his water-colours of butterflies.
His major butterfly works include the two volume Natural History of British Butterflies (1924) and The Complete Book of British Butterflies (1934). In 1927, a need for money forced him to sell his butterfly collection to Lord Rothschild for £1000. These are now part of the Rothschild collection in the Natural History Museum at London. He also illustrated numerous bird books, including Aves Hawaiienses: The Birds of the Sandwich Islands; and Birds of the British Isles and their Eggs with A G Butler, published around 1898.
He married Margaret Grant in June 1895 and spent the honeymoon in the New Forest. Margaret died on 16 February 1909 leaving him to care for two daughters. In 1911 he married Mabel Jane Bowman on 4 October at St James, Westminster and they had a third daughter Valezina, named after a form of the silver-washed fritillary. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society in 1891 and made a Special Life Fellow in 1926. He died on 10 December 1946 and was buried at Headley, Surrey.
His sister Lydia was married to the equine artist Lynwood Palmer.
In 1996, his daughter Valezina inaugurated a commemorative sign marking the "Frohawk Ride" in the New Forest.
References
External links
1861 births
1946 deaths
English lepidopterists
English naturalists
People from Dereham
British bird artists
19th-century British painters
British male painters
20th-century British painters
19th-century British male artists
20th-century British male artists |
Campiglossa argyrocephala is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Campiglossa of the family Tephritidae.
Distribution
The species is found in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, south to France, Austria, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.
References
Tephritinae
Insects described in 1844
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Hermann Loew |
Greenburg is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Adrian Greenburg (1903–1959), American costume designer
Earl Greenburg (1947–2008), former head of NBC Daytime
Dan Greenburg (born 1936), American author and screenwriter
Jack Carl Greenburg (1909–1990), Los Angeles attorney
Jan Crawford Greenburg (born 1965), legal correspondent for ABC News
J. C. Greenburg, author of the Andrew Lost children's books
Jennifer Greenburg (born 1977), American photographer
Ross Greenburg (born c. 1955), president of HBO Sports
Zack O'Malley Greenburg (born 1985), American writer
See also
Greensburg (disambiguation)
Greenberg
Grünburg |
Send One Your Love is the twelfth studio album by jazz saxophonist Boney James, released in 2009.
The cover of James Taylor's "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight", featuring guest vocalist Quinn, was the only non-instrumental track on the album. It was released as a single, and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance in 2010.
Track listing
Personnel
Boney James – arrangements, tenor saxophone (1, 3-6, 9, 10), soprano saxophone (2), keyboards (4, 9), programming (4, 5, 6), alto saxophone (7, 8)
Tim Carmon – keyboards (1-8, 10), arrangements (2, 7, 10), keyboard bass (5, 7, 10)
Mark Ellis Stephens – keyboards (9), keyboard bass (9)
Dean Parks – guitars (2, 4, 8)
Rob Bacon – guitars (3, 5, 10)
Agape – guitars (6)
Alex Al – bass (1-4, 6, 8)
Lil' John Roberts – drums (1, 2, 8), cymbals (4)
Teddy Campbell – drums (3, 7, 9, 10), cymbals (6)
Lenny Castro – percussion (1-4, 6-10)
Stefan Harris – vibraphone (8)
Sue Ann Carwell – vocals (1)
Kimberly Brewer – vocals (2, 10)
Lynne Fiddmont – vocals (2, 10)
Kenya Hathaway – vocals (2, 10)
Lamont Van Hook – vocals (3, 10)
Lily Mariye – touch (4)
Quinn – vocals (5)
String section (Tracks 2, 6, 7 & 8)
Jerry Hey – arrangements
Ralph Morrison – concertmaster
Stephen Erdody, Paula Hochhalter, Christina Soule and Cecilia Tsan – cello
Marlow Fisher, Roland Kato, Shawn Mann and Victoria Miskolczy – viola
Nina Evluhov, Julie Gigante, Henry Gronnier, Alan Grunfeld, Tamara Hatwan, Aimee Kreston, Ralph Morrison, Sara Parkins, Katia Popov, Tereza Stanislav, Sarah Thornblade and Josefina Vergara – violin
Production
Boney James – producer, recording
Isaiah Abolin – recording
Dave Rideau – recording
Bill Schnee – recording, mixing
Cliff Allen – assistant engineer
Darius Fong – assistant engineer
Steve Genewick – assistant engineer
Eric Rennaker – assistant engineer
Paul Smith – assistant engineer
Sangwook "Sunny" Nam – mastering
Lexy Shroyer – production coordinator
Gravillias, Inc. – art direction, design
Harper Smith – photography
Annie Wolfson – grooming
Melissa Orndorff – stylist
Direct Management Group, Inc. – management
Studios
Recorded at The Backyard and Westlake Studios (Los Angeles, California); Capitol Studios and Sunset Sound (Hollywood, California); Schnee Studios (North Hollywood, California); Legacy Recording Studios (New York City, New York).
Mixed at Schnee Studios
Mastered at The Mastering Lab (Ojai, California).
References
AllMusic overview
2009 albums
Boney James albums
Concord Records albums |
In mathematics, and, more specifically in numerical analysis and computer algebra, real-root isolation of a polynomial consist of producing disjoint intervals of the real line, which contain each one (and only one) real root of the polynomial, and, together, contain all the real roots of the polynomial.
Real-root isolation is useful because usual root-finding algorithms for computing the real roots of a polynomial may produce some real roots, but, cannot generally certify having found all real roots. In particular, if such an algorithm does not find any root, one does not know whether it is because there is no real root. Some algorithms compute all complex roots, but, as there are generally much fewer real roots than complex roots, most of their computation time is generally spent for computing non-real roots (in the average, a polynomial of degree has complex roots, and only real roots; see ). Moreover, it may be difficult to distinguish the real roots from the non-real roots with small imaginary part (see the example of Wilkinson's polynomial in next section).
The first complete real-root isolation algorithm results from Sturm's theorem (1829). However, when real-root-isolation algorithms began to be implemented on computers it appeared that algorithms derived from Sturm's theorem are less efficient than those derived from Descartes' rule of signs (1637).
Since the beginning of 20th century there is an active research activity for improving the algorithms derived from Descartes' rule of signs, getting very efficient implementations, and computing their computational complexity. The best implementations can routinely isolate real roots of polynomials of degree more than 1,000.
Specifications and general strategy
For finding real roots of a polynomial, the common strategy is to divide the real line (or an interval of it where root are searched) into disjoint intervals until having at most one root in each interval. Such a procedure is called root isolation, and a resulting interval that contains exactly one root is an isolating interval for this root.
Wilkinson's polynomial shows that a very small modification of one coefficient of a polynomial may change dramatically not only the value of the roots, but also their nature (real or complex). Also, even with a good approximation, when one evaluates a polynomial at an approximate root, one may get a result that is far to be close to zero. For example, if a polynomial of degree 20 (the degree of Wilkinson's polynomial) has a root close to 10, the derivative of the polynomial at the root may be of the order of this implies that an error of on the value of the root may produce a value of the polynomial at the approximate root that is of the order of It follows that, except maybe for very low degrees, a root-isolation procedure cannot give reliable results without using exact arithmetic. Therefore, if one wants to isolate roots of a polynomial with floating-point coefficients, it is often better to convert them to rational numbers, and then take the primitive part of the resulting polynomial, for having a polynomial with integer coefficients.
For this reason, although the methods that are described below work theoretically with real numbers, they are generally used in practice with polynomials with integer coefficients, and intervals ending with rational numbers. Also, the polynomials are always supposed to be square free. There are two reasons for that. Firstly Yun's algorithm for computing the square-free factorization is less costly than twice the cost of the computation of the greatest common divisor of the polynomial and its derivative. As this may produce factors of lower degrees, it is generally advantageous to apply root-isolation algorithms only on polynomials without multiple roots, even when this is not required by the algorithm. The second reason for considering only square-free polynomials is that the fastest root-isolation algorithms do not work in the case of multiple roots.
For root isolation, one requires a procedure for counting the real roots of a polynomial in an interval without having to compute them, or, at least a procedure for deciding whether an interval contains zero, one or more roots. With such a decision procedure, one may work with a working list of intervals that may contain real roots. At the beginning, the list contains a single interval containing all roots of interest, generally the whole real line or its positive part. Then each interval of the list is divided into two smaller intervals. If one of the new intervals does not contain any root, it is removed from the list. If it contains one root, it is put in an output list of isolating intervals. Otherwise, it is kept in the working list for further divisions, and the process may continue until all roots are eventually isolated
Sturm's theorem
The first complete root-isolation procedure results of Sturm's theorem (1829), which expresses the number of real roots in an interval in terms of the number of sign variations of the values of a sequence of polynomials, called Sturm's sequence, at the ends of the interval. Sturm's sequence is the sequence of remainders that occur in a variant of Euclidean algorithm applied to the polynomial and its derivatives. When implemented on computers, it appeared that root isolation with Sturm's theorem is less efficient than the other methods that are described below. Consequently, Sturm's theorem is rarely used for effective computations, although it remains useful for theoretical purposes.
Descartes' rule of signs and its generalizations
Descartes' rule of signs asserts that the difference between the number of sign variations in the sequence of the coefficients of a polynomial and the number of its positive real roots is a nonnegative even integer. It results that if this number of sign variations is zero, then the polynomial does not have any positive real roots, and, if this number is one, then the polynomial has a unique positive real root, which is a single root. Unfortunately the converse is not true, that is, a polynomial which has either no positive real root or has a single positive simple root may have a number of sign variations greater than 1.
This has been generalized by Budan's theorem (1807), into a similar result for the real roots in a half-open interval : If is a polynomial, and is the difference between of the numbers of sign variations of the sequences of the coefficients of and , then minus the number of real roots in the interval, counted with their multiplicities, is a nonnegative even integer. This is a generalization of Descartes' rule of signs, because, for sufficiently large, there is no sign variation in the coefficients of , and all real roots are smaller than .
Budan's may provide a real-root-isolation algorithm for a square-free polynomial (a polynomial without multiple root): from the coefficients of polynomial, one may compute an upper bound of the absolute values of the roots and a lower bound on the absolute values of the differences of two roots (see Properties of polynomial roots). Then, if one divides the interval into intervals of length less than , then every real root is contained in some interval, and no interval contains two roots. The isolating intervals are thus the intervals for which Budan's theorem asserts an odd number of roots.
However, this algorithm is very inefficient, as one cannot use a coarser partition of the interval , because, if Budan's theorem gives a result larger than 1 for an interval of larger size, there is no way for insuring that it does not contain several roots.
Vincent's and related theorems
(1834) provides a method for real-root isolation, which is at the basis of the most efficient real-root-isolation algorithms. It concerns the positive real roots of a square-free polynomial (that is a polynomial without multiple roots). If is a sequence of positive real numbers, let
be the th convergent of the continued fraction
For proving his theorem, Vincent proved a result that is useful on its own:
For working with real numbers, one may always choose , but, as effective computations are done with rational numbers, it is generally convenient to suppose that are integers.
The "small enough" condition has been quantified independently by Nikola Obreshkov, and Alexander Ostrowski:
For polynomials with integer coefficients, the minimum distance may be lower bounded in terms of the degree of the polynomial and the maximal absolute value of its coefficients; see . This allows the analysis of worst-case complexity of algorithms based on Vincent's theorems. However, Obreschkoff–Ostrowski theorem shows that the number of iterations of these algorithms depend on the distances between roots in the neighborhood of the working interval; therefore, the number of iterations may vary dramatically for different roots of the same polynomial.
James V. Uspensky gave a bound on the length of the continued fraction (the integer needed, in Vincent's theorem, for getting zero or one sign variations:
Continued fraction method
The use of continued fractions for real-root isolation has been introduced by Vincent, although he credited Joseph-Louis Lagrange for this idea, without providing a reference. For making an algorithm of Vincent's theorem, one must provide a criterion for choosing the that occur in his theorem. Vincent himself provided some choice (see below). Some other choices are possible, and the efficiency of the algorithm may depend dramatically on these choices. Below is presented an algorithm, in which these choices result from an auxiliary function that will be discussed later.
For running this algorithm one must work with a list of intervals represented by a specific data structure. The algorithm works by choosing an interval, removing it from the list, adding zero, one or two smaller intervals to the list, and possibly outputs an isolation interval.
For isolating the real roots of a polynomial of degree , each interval is represented by a pair where is a polynomial of degree and is a Möbius transformation with integer coefficients. One has
and the interval represented by this data structure is the interval that has and as end points. The Möbius transformation maps the roots of in this interval to the roots of in .
The algorithm works with a list of intervals that, at the beginning, contains the two intervals and corresponding to the partition of the reals into the positive and the negative ones (one may suppose that zero is not a root, as, if it were, it suffices to apply the algorithm to ). Then for each interval in the list, the algorithm remove it from the list; if the number of sign variations of the coefficients of is zero, there is no root in the interval, and one passes to the next interval. If the number of sign variations is one, the interval defined by and is an isolating interval. Otherwise, one chooses a positive real number for dividing the interval into and , and, for each subinterval, one composes with a Möbius transformation that maps the interval onto , for getting two new intervals to be added to the list. In pseudocode, this gives the following, where denotes the number of sign variations of the coefficients of the polynomial .
function continued fraction is
input: P(x), a square-free polynomial,
output: a list of pairs of rational numbers defining isolating intervals
/* Initialization */
L := [(P(x), x), (P(–x), –x)] /* two starting intervals */
Isol := [ ]
/* Computation */
while L [ ] do
Choose (A(x), M(x)) in L, and remove it from L
v := var(A)
if v = 0 then exit /* no root in the interval */
if v = 1 then /* isolating interval found */
add (M(0), M(∞)) to Isol
exit
b := some positive integer
B(x) = A(x + b)
w := v – var(B)
if B(0) = 0 then /* rational root found */
add (M(b), M(b)) to Isol
B(x) := B(x)/x
add (B(x), M(b + x)) to L /* roots in (M(b), M(+∞)) */
if w = 0 then exit /* Budan's theorem */
if w = 1 then /* Budan's theorem again */
add (M(0), M(b)) to Isol
if w > 1 then
add ( A(b/(1 + x)), M(b/(1 + x)) )to L /* roots in (M(0), M(b)) */
The different variants of the algorithm depend essentially on the choice of . In Vincent's papers, and in Uspensky's book, one has always , with the difference that Uspensky did not use Budan's theorem for avoiding further bisections of the interval associated to
The drawback of always choosing is that one has to do many successive changes of variable of the form . These may be replaced by a single change of variable , but, nevertheless, one has to do the intermediate changes of variables for applying Budan's theorem.
A way for improving the efficiency of the algorithm is to take for a lower bound of the positive real roots, computed from the coefficients of the polynomial (see Properties of polynomial roots for such bounds).
Bisection method
The bisection method consists roughly of starting from an interval containing all real roots of a polynomial, and divides it recursively into two parts until getting eventually intervals that contain either zero or one root. The starting interval may be of the form , where is an upper bound on the absolute values of the roots, such as those that are given in . For technical reasons (simpler changes of variable, simpler complexity analysis, possibility of taking advantage of the binary analysis of computers), the algorithms are generally presented as starting with the interval . There is no loss of generality, as the changes of variables and move respectively the positive and the negative roots in the interval . (The single changes variable may also be used.)
The method requires an algorithm for testing whether an interval has zero, one, or possibly several roots, and for warranting termination, this testing algorithm must exclude the possibility of getting infinitely many times the output "possibility of several roots". Sturm's theorem and Vincent's auxiliary theorem provide such convenient tests. As the use Descartes' rule of signs and Vincent's auxiliary theorem is much more computationally efficient than the use of Sturm's theorem, only the former is described in this section.
The bisection method based on Descartes' rules of signs and Vincent's auxiliary theorem has been introduced in 1976 by Akritas and Collins under the name of Modified Uspensky algorithm, and has been referred to as the Uspensky algorithm, the Vincent–Akritas–Collins algorithm, or Descartes method, although Descartes, Vincent and Uspensky never described it.
The method works as follows. For searching the roots in some interval, one changes first the variable for mapping the interval onto giving a new polynomial . For searching the roots of in , one maps the interval onto by the change of variable giving a polynomial . Descartes' rule of signs applied to the polynomial gives indications on the number of real roots of in the interval , and thus on the number of roots of the initial polynomial in the interval that has been mapped on . If there is no sign variation in the sequence of the coefficients of , then there is no real root in the considered intervals. If there is one sign variation, then one has an isolation interval. Otherwise, one splits the interval into and , one maps them onto by the changes of variable and . Vincent's auxiliary theorem insures the termination of this procedure.
Except for the initialization, all these changes of variable consists of the composition of at most two very simple changes of variable which are the scalings by two , the translation , and the inversion , the latter consisting simply of reverting the order of the coefficients of the polynomial. As most of the computing time is devoted to changes of variable, the method consisting of mapping every interval to is fundamental for insuring a good efficiency.
Pseudocode
The following notation is used in the pseudocode that follows.
is the polynomial for which the real roots in the interval have to be isolated
denotes the number of sign variations in the sequence of the coefficients of the polynomial
The elements of working list have the form , where
and are two nonnegative integers such that , which represent the interval
where is the degree of (the polynomial may be computed directly from , and , but it is less costly to compute it incrementally, as it will be done in the algorithm; if has integer coefficients, the same is true for )
function bisection is
input: , a square-free polynomial, such that ,
for which the roots in the interval are searched
output: a list of triples ,
representing isolating intervals of the form
/* Initialization */
L := [(0, 0, p(x))] /* a single element in the working list L */
Isol := [ ]
n := degree(p)
/* Computation */
while L [ ] do
Choose (c, k, in L, and remove it from L
if then
n := n – 1 /* A rational root found */
add (c, k, 0) to Isol
v :=
if v = 1 then /* An isolating interval found */
add (c, k, 1) to Isol
if v > 1 then /* Bisecting */
add (2c, k + 1, to L
add (2c + 1, k + 1, to L
end
This procedure is essentially the one that has been described by Collins and Akritas. The running time depends mainly on the number of intervals that have to be considered, and on the changes of variables. There are ways for improving the efficiency, which have been an active subject of research since the publication of the algorithm, and mainly since the beginning of the 21st century.
Recent improvements
Various ways for improving Akritas–Collins bisection algorithm have been proposed. They include a method for avoiding storing a long list of polynomials without losing the simplicity of the changes of variables, the use of approximate arithmetic (floating point and interval arithmetic) when it allows getting the right value for the number of sign variations, the use of Newton's method when possible, the use of fast polynomial arithmetic, shortcuts for long chains of bisections in case of clusters of close roots, bisections in unequal parts for limiting instability problems in polynomial evaluation.
All these improvement lead to an algorithm for isolating all real roots of a polynomial with integer coefficients, which has the complexity (using soft O notation, , for omitting logarithmic factors)
where is the degree of the polynomial, is the number of nonzero terms, is the maximum of digits of the coefficients.
The implementation of this algorithm appears to be more efficient than any other implemented method for computing the real roots of a polynomial, even in the case of polynomials having very close roots (the case which was previously the most difficult for the bisection method).
References
Sources
Polynomials
Root-finding algorithms
Real algebraic geometry
Computer algebra |
Ampere Computing LLC is an American fabless semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California that develops processes for servers operating in large scale environments. Ampere also has offices in: Portland, Oregon; Taipei, Taiwan; Raleigh, North Carolina; Bangalore, India; Warsaw, Poland; and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
History
Ampere Computing was founded in the Fall of 2017 by Renée James, Ex-President of Intel with funding from The Carlyle Group. James acquired a team from MACOM Technology Solutions (formerly AppliedMicro) in addition to several industry hires to start the company. Ampere Computing is an ARM architecture licensee and develops its own server microprocessors. Ampere fabricates its products at TSMC.
In April 2019, Ampere announced its second major investment round, including investment from Arm Holdings and Oracle Corporation. In June 2019, Nvidia announced a partnership with Ampere to bring support for Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). In November 2019, Nvidia announced a reference design platform for graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated ARM-based servers including Ampere.
In the first half of 2020, Ampere announced Ampere Altra an 80-core and Ampere Altra Max a 128-core processor without the use of hyper-threading.
In March 2020, the company announced a partnership with Oracle. In September of that year, Oracle said it would launch bare-metal and virtual machine instances in early 2021 based on Ampere Altra.
In November 2020, Ampere was named one of the top 10 hottest semiconductor startups by CRN.
In May 2021, the company announced a partnership with Microsoft. In July of that year, Ampere acquired OnSpecta, an AI technology startup. After the acquisition, the companies were able to demonstrate four times faster acceleration on Ampere-based instances running AI-inference workloads.
In April 2022, Ampere said that it had filed a confidential prospectus with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, signaling its intent to go public.
In June 2022, HPE announced their Gen11 ProLiant system would use Ampere Altra and Ampere Altra Max Cloud Native Processors.
In July 2022, Google announced T2A instances using Ampere Altra in the Google cloud and in August 2022 Microsoft announced their instances of Ampere running in Azure.
Products
Ampere develops ARM-based computer processors and CPU cores under their Altra brands. These are used in databases, media encoding, web services, network acceleration, mobile gaming, AI inference processing, and other applications and programs that need to scale.
On February 5, 2018, Ampere announced the eMAG 8180 featuring 32x Skylark cores fabricated on TSMC’s 16FF+ process. It supports a turbo of up to 3.3 GHz with a TDP of 125 W, 8ch 64-bit DDR4, up to 1 TB DDR4 per socket, and 42x PCIe 3.0 Lanes. The Skylark cores were based on AppliedMicro's X-Gene 3. Packet offers servers with the eMAG 8180 and 128 GB DRAM, 480 GB SSD, and 2x 10 Gbit/s networking. On September 19, 2018, Ampere announced the availability of a version featuring 16x Skylark cores.
2020
On March 3, 2020, Ampere announced the Ampere Altra featuring 80 cores fabricated on TSMC's N7 process for hyperscale computing. It was the first server-grade processor to include 80 cores and the Q80-30 conserves power by running at 161 W in use. The cores are semi-custom Arm Neoverse N1 cores with Ampere modifications. It supports a frequency of up to 3.3 GHz with TDP of 250 W, 8ch 72-bit DDR4, up to 4 TB DDR4-3200 per socket, 128x PCIe 4.0 Lanes, 1 MB L2 per core and 32 MB SLC.
Ampere also announced their roadmap with Ampere Altra Max (2021) in development and AmpereOne (2022) defined.
2021
The 128-core Altra Max was released in 2021 and targeted hyperscale cloud providers. It uses the same server socket and platforms as Ampere Altra, and both products have one thread per core. The Altra Max CPUs provide 128 Arm v8.2+ cores per chip and run up to 3.0 GHz. They also support eight channels of DDR4-3200 memory and 128 lanes of PCIe Gen4.
Also in 2021, Oracle launched its Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) using Ampere Altra processors.
2022
In February 2022, Ampere and Rigetti Computing announced a strategic partnership to create hybrid quantum-classical computers. The companies will combine Ampere’s Altra Max CPUs with Rigetti’s Quantum Processing Units (QPU) in cloud-based High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments.
In April, Microsoft previewed its Azure Virtual Machines running on the Ampere Altra. The VMs run scale-out workloads, web servers, application servers, open source databases, cloud native .NET applications, Java applications, gaming servers, media servers, and other processes.
In May, Ampere announced the sampling of AmpereOne CPUs, 5 nanometer chips based on its in-house Ampere-developed core. AmpereOne will add support for DDR5 main memory and PCIe Gen5 peripherals.
On June 28, 2022, HPE became first tier-one server provider to offer compute with optimized cloud-native silicon for service providers and enterprises embracing cloud-native development with new line of HPE ProLiant RL Gen11 servers, using Ampere® Altra® and Ampere® Altra® Max processors, delivering high performance and power efficiency.
2023
During April 2023, Ampere released the Altra developers kit, a IoT Prototype Kit based on Ampere Altra, aimed at cloud developers, available in 32-core, 64-core, and 80-core formats.
Customers
Ampere’s customers include Microsoft Azure, Tencent Cloud, Oracle, ByteDance, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE), Cloudflare, Equinix, Kingsoft Cloud, Meituan, Scaleway, UCloud, Foxconn Industrial Internet, Gigabyte, Inspur, Cruise, Hetzner, Project Ronin, Wiwynn and Google Cloud Platform
Cruise uses an Ampere Altra variant for its autonomous driving unit. The CPU was selected because of its throughput and low power consumption.
In 2021, Oracle, Microsoft, Tencent, and ByteDance committed to using Ampere’s customized chips, first announced in May. In April 2022, Microsoft previewed Ampere Altra processors in its new Azure D-and E- series virtual machines. The Dpsv5 series is built for Linux enterprise application types, and the Epsv5 series is for memory-intensive Linux workloads. They provide up to 64 vCPUs, include VM sizes with 2GiB, 4GiB, and 8GiB per vCPU memory configurations, up to 40 Gbps networking, and high-performance local SSD storage.
In 2022, Microsoft’s Ampere Altra-based Azure servers became the first cloud solution provider server to be Arm SystemReady SR certified. The Azure VMs, powered by Altra processors, were also the first to be SystemReady Virtual Environment standard certified. SystemReady defines a set of firmware and hardware standards as a baseline for system development for software developers, original equipment vendors, and chipmakers.
References
External links
Companies based in Santa Clara, California
Companies based in Silicon Valley
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Semiconductor companies of the United States
Fabless semiconductor companies
Technology companies established in 2017
American companies established in 2019
Cloud computing
Computer companies of the United States |
William Greenwood may refer to:
Will Greenwood (born 1972), rugby player
William Greenwood (Blessed), one of the Carthusian Martyrs, executed 1537
William Greenwood (politician) (1875–1925), MP for Stockport
Bill Greenwood (baseball) (1857–1902), baseball player
William Greenwood (cricketer) (1798–1872), English cricketer
William Osborne Greenwood (1873–1947), British surgeon and a minister of religion |
"Deep Throats" is the 23rd episode of season four of the television series Family Guy. It was written by Alex Borstein and directed by Greg Colton. Appalled at parking charges introduced by Mayor West, Brian decides to expose the corruption of the Mayor, despite the prospect of potentially destroying Meg's new career as the Mayor's intern. Meanwhile, Peter and Lois decide to participate in the Quahog community talent show with a folk singing act, as they did in the 1980s, but the couple becomes largely reliant on marijuana for inspiration and eventually fail the competition for their poor performance, despite their beliefs they were singing well when under the influence of the drugs.
Plot
Meg is employed as an intern for Mayor West after doing an interview with him. The family is impressed by this news, and Brian feels pressured that he is becoming the "new Meg" due to him not having a job. Brian decides to become a taxicab driver, but soon becomes intent on exposing the corruption of Mayor West after receiving a $400 parking ticket for parking his taxi in a handicapped zone. When discussing his corruption beliefs with Meg, she argues that Mayor West is a nice person and that Brian should drop it. Stewie, after learning of Brian's intentions, decides to help. After meeting in a parking lot with a whistleblower, Kermit the Frog, Brian discovers where Mayor West will be that night, and follows him to a motel with Stewie.
Spying on West through the motel wall, they discover he's in a romantic relationship with Meg. Seeing this as an ideal opportunity to take West down, Brian photographs the two together in romantic scenes and threatens to reveal them to the press. After Meg finds out, she confronts West, who says he and Meg should separate due to the negative press which will follow - because even though he's used to it, he does not want Meg's life to be ruined, stating how much he really cares about her. They separate, with Mayor West telling Meg that even though he's leaving her, he'll always love her. Brian, having secretly heard this, realizes he has made a mistake, destroys the images, and apologizes to Meg that he lost sight of what was really important. His taxicab, however, is destroyed by Cleveland, believing Brian refused to give him a ride.
Meanwhile, Peter and Lois decide to participate in a community talent show with a folk-singing act they did in the 1980s. They have a hard time, however, writing new songs and start to smoke marijuana for inspiration, annoying the family. At one point, Peter rips out a piece of his guitar with his teeth and eats it, and him and Lois lie on the sofa naked in front of Brian and Stewie. At the show, they initially appear to wow the entire crowd with their performance, but, later, they realize that they lost. Chris reveals he was in the audience and then explains that they were completely high and they just shouted "Aah!" to the crowd while plodding chords on the guitar before preaching the dangers of marijuana to Lois and Peter.
Production
It was originally intended for Mayor West to beat Meg up when she is applying for a job within his office, but the scene was never used. The clay cars sketch was not animated by the regular show producers, rather it was drawn by Eileen Colehep, a woman who attended college with show producer Seth MacFarlane. The voice of Bruce the performance artist was performed by Mike Henry, and was originally scheduled to last longer, but it was reduced for unknown reasons. The concept behind the storyline of Peter and Lois performing in pubs when they were younger relates to MacFarlane's father, who used to do stage performances in bars. When he was performing, the woman who was to be MacFarlane's mother, came into the bar and tracked his father down, asking for guitar lessons once she had found him. The song which Peter and Lois were singing when remembering their performances they hosted in their earlier years was created by Alec Sulkin and Patrick Megan, producers of Family Guy. Alex Borstein, voice actor of Lois Griffin had originally wanted Meg to be wearing a business outfit in the episode during her employment by Mayor West, but it was not used.
The episode marks the first time in the series that Stewie has expressed an attraction for Brian. The name of Peter and Lois' band was originally intended to be "Mouthful of Peter," but broadcasting standards insisted that the show producers change the name to "Handful of Peter." In response to this, MacFarlane comments that "a handjob is more acceptable than a blowjob." When performing for the Quahog Talent Competition, one of the lyrics to Peter and Lois' song was scheduled to be "God would do her from behind, even do it a second time," but it was never used. Sound mixer Patrick Clark organized the format of the credits, which were different from the regular set.
Peter singing "Ding Fries are Done" was shortened for the televised version of the episode, with an extended version on the DVD. Cleveland sticking his middle finger up to Brian after he fails to stop in his taxi was allowed on the televised version of the episode. This was permitted because MacFarlane rang the show's broadcasting standards and asked for their explicit permission, explaining that it was very distant, and they allowed it. After smoking marijuana, Peter and Lois are shown lying on top of each other on the sofa; in the television version, they are wearing underwear, but are completely naked on the DVD, Adult Swim, and TBS versions. Similarly, Lois' comment during the scene, "Brian, he's knocking on the back door, what should I do? Should I let him in?" was censored from Fox airings, as it is a reference to anal sex, but remains intact on Adult Swim and TBS airings.
In addition to the regular cast, voice actors H. Jon Benjamin and Frank Welker, and actress Kate Jackson guest starred in the episode. Recurring voice actors Lori Alan, Ralph Garman, and Mike Henry, writers Chris Sheridan, Danny Smith, and John Viener, and actor Adam West, who portrays an exaggerated version of himself, also made minor appearances.
Cultural references
The episode takes its title from a scene when an anonymous informant (later revealed to be Kermit the Frog) secretly meets Brian in an underground parking lot. Brian calls the informant "Deep Throat," in a reference to the anonymous informant Deep Throat. The meeting itself is a reference to the meeting with Deep Throat or to the 1976 film All the President's Men. The part-time job Peter had wherein he sings a song "Ding Fries are Done," was based on a song that was popularized by Doctor Demento in the 1990s concerning Burger King, and is a parody of the popular Christmas song "Carol of the Bells". The Noid attempting to ruin Mayor West's pizza is a reference to the Noid from former Domino's Pizza television advertisements. The scene where Cleveland runs off as a black panther when he notices Meg and Brian looking at him as he destroys Brian's cab with a crowbar is a reference to Michael Jackson's "Black or White" second ending known as the Panther Dance. Stewie references his cousin, Stewie Cruise, showing him jumping up and down on Oprah's couch while shouting "I'm in love with Katie Holmes! I'm not gay!" When Lois mentions to Peter that it would be fun to be in the community talent show, Stewie says "You know what else is fun? Watching Mr. Belvedere without people talking so loudly!". He then proceeds to sing the theme song loudly. When Peter is being driven around by Brian, he refers to him as Bitterman, a reference to the chauffeur in the 1981 film Arthur. The song Mayor West and Meg are listening to in the hotel together is the theme song to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles from the 1987 series. In the DVD version of the episode, Stewie and Brian bump into Scooby-Doo and the gang from Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?. Fred Jones and Stewie argue about who got to City Hall first, but then Stewie sends them off by humming a familiar tune.
References
External links
2006 American television episodes
American television episodes about cannabis
Family Guy (season 4) episodes |
Frédéric Chevillon (12 January 1879 – 21 February 1915) was a French politician.
Early life
Chevillon was born on 12 January 1879 in Marseille, France. His father, Joseph Chevillon, was a politician.
Career
He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1912 to 1915. He was mayor
of Allauch from 1910.
Death
He died on 21 February 1915 in Les Éparges, France.
Legacy
His statue, designed by Henri Raybaud, was dedicated on the Place de la corderie-Henri Bergasse in Marseille in 1917.
References
1879 births
1915 deaths
Politicians from Marseille
Independent Radical politicians
Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
French military personnel killed in World War I |
Nowy Dwór is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbrowa Biskupia, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
References
Villages in Inowrocław County |
Khaled Ahmad Khalaf Matar (; born August 15, 1983, in Kuwait City) is a Kuwaiti footballer who plays in Attack for Kuwaiti Premier League club Al Arabi and the Kuwait national football team with his brothers in Al-Arabi Khalaf Ahmed Khalaf and Ali Khalaf.
He played for Al-Arabi in the 2007 AFC Champions League group stage.
He is away from football for 2 and a half seasons due to injury in his leg and has returned to football in Al-Arabi Sporting Club in season 2014-15.
Youth career
Khalid started his youth career in Al-Arabi SC which he scored many goals for the team and moved on to the 1st team with Ali Maqseed and many other player from the youth team.
Career
After he joined the first team he was a fantastic sub for the coach where he used to substitute him when the team is down or tied he would score with Firas Al-Khatib.
(2006-07)
But Khaled truly made his dominance in Kuwaiti Football in the 2006-2007 season when he scored 2 goals against Qadsia SC. through that season, by scoring in the Final against Kazma Sporting Clubin the Kuwait Crown Prince Cup and Crowning them champions for the 5th time and his first.
2007-08
In 2007-08 Khaled scored 14 goals that season through the league and 3 domestic cups but won the Kuwait Emir Cup At the end of the season.
2008-09
In 2008-09 Khaled scored 7 goals all season which he was one of the starting players in the team and Kuwait national football team he won the Kuwait Super Cup at the start of the season and scored 2 goals in the Classico through that Al-Arabi SC have struggled in the league by going down to 5th position and going out from Kuwait Crown Prince Cup by losing to Al-Jahra SC 3–2 but made it to the Kuwait Emir Cup Final but lost 2–1.
2009-10
After Firas Al-Khatib left the club to join their rivals Qadsia SC Al-Arabi SC had a struggle through the year as finishing 6th in the league and as runner up to the Crown Cup while Khaled scored 7 goals that season.
2010-11
Khaled played half the season until the Waff Cup with the international team he got injured in his knee where he couldn't play the whole season
2011-14
After his recovery he came back and won The Kuwait Crown Prince Cup but after that his Knee got injured again and was spelled out for 2 and a half seasons from the club but all championship the club won was added to his career since he was part of the team.
2014-15
THE GREAT RETURN as of the 2014–15 season Khaled returned and was fully healthy to play again but he played 1 game with the reserves and it was against Burgan SC he played 45 minutes only with one assist and never played a game after those 45 minutes.
and Took another injury after that match in his foot which ruled him out for 1 and a half months and returned to play the last 8 mins against Al-Naser SC in the 2–1 win in the Reserves league. And was crowned champions of the Kuwait Crown Prince Cup for the third time in his career and the 7th for his team.
his Cup return was vs Kazma SC in Kuwait Federation Cup group-stage match 1–1.
International goals
Honors
Club
VIVA Premier League 2001–02
Kuwait Emir Cup 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08
Kuwait Crown Prince Cup 2006–07, 2011–12, 2014–15
Kuwait Super Cup 2008, 2012
Kuwait Federation Cup 2013-14
International
Gulf Cup of Nations 2010
West Asian Football Federation Championship 2010
Individual
Kuwait Super Cup top scorer of 2008
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Kuwaiti men's footballers
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) players
Footballers from Kuwait City
Kuwait men's international footballers
Men's association football wingers
Kuwait Premier League players |
Emamzadeh Ahmad Fedaleh () is a village in, and the capital of, Ahmad Fedaleh Rural District of Shahiyun District, Dezful County, Khuzestan province, Iran.
At the 2011 National Census, its population was below the reporting threshold. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 252 people in 54 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Dezful County
Populated places in Khuzestan Province
Populated places in Dezful County |
This is a list of earthquakes in Canada.
List
Abbreviations used:
See also
Hydraulic fracturing in Canada
References
External links
Natural Resources Canada Earthquakes Canada
Earthquakes Canada Recent earthquakes
Earthquakes
Canada
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Renana Jhabvala is an Indian social worker based in Ahmedabad, India, who has been active for decades in organising women into organisations and trade unions in India, and has been extensively involved in policy issues relating to poor women and the informal economy. She is best known for her long association with the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA), India, and for her writings on issues of women in the informal economy.
In 1990, she was awarded a Padma Shri from the Government of India for her contributions in the field of social work. In April 2012, she became Chancellor of Gandhigram Rural Institute, a Deemed University in Tamil Nadu, India.
Early life, family and education
Renana Jhabvala was born in Delhi to the Booker Prize winning novelist and screenwriter, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, and well-known architect Cyrus S. H. Jhabvala. Her grandparents were active in public life during the early to mid part of the twentieth century. Her grandfather, Shavaksha Jhabvala, was active in the early Indian trade union movement, and her grandmother, Mehraben Jhabvala, in the emerging women's movement. In February 2012 talk given at India International Centre (Delhi), Renana spoke about the work of Mehraben, who was a dedicated organiser and advocate of women and the President of the All-India Women's Conference from 1965 to 1968.
Jhabvala was raised and schooled in Delhi and graduated from Hindu College, University of Delhi, in 1972 with a distinction in BSc Maths. She attended Harvard University to pursue an additional degree in BA Maths. She then went on to the Yale University to pursue post-graduate studies in Economics.
Career and honours
After completing her studies, Jhabvala joined SEWA in Ahmedabad, in 1977 as an organiser. She worked first with the women workers stitching quilts in the Muslim area of Ahmedabad where she was instrumental in forming the first Cooperative in SEWA. Her main work was organising women into SEWA as a trade union. In 1981, she was elected Secretary of SEWA under the leadership of Ela Bhatt and organised beedi workers, agricultural workers, garment workers, street vendors and many others to bargain for higher income, better working conditions, space to work and social security. She was active in fostering the growth of SEWA across India, taking the experiences of the organisation to States like Madhya Pradesh and Bihar and most recently to Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
Jhabvala was instrumental in forming SEWA Bharat, a National Federation of SEWAs now in 17 States of India. In 1995, she became the National Coordinator of SEWA and started the national office in Delhi.
When the women members of SEWA began expressing the need for basic infrastructure and housing, she was one of the founders of the Mahila Housing SEWA Trust. In 2002 she became the Chair of SEWA Bank and helped to increase finance for poor women in many parts of the country.
She has been active at the international level, representing SEWA at the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1995 and 1996 during the discussion on Convention for Home Workers; and subsequently in 2002 during the Resolution on the Informal Economy. At the South Asia level she was instrumental in forming HomeNet South Asia, bringing together organisations in India, Pakistan. Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan working with women home-based workers. She is presently the Chair of HomeNet South Asia. She is one of the founders and present Chair of WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing) and has been active in the formation of international networks for women workers in the informal economy.
In addition to organising women into trade unions and co-operatives she has been interested and involved in policy issues of poor women and of the informal economy. She has been active in many Government committees and task forces which have formulated policies ranging from National Policy for Street Vendors, to the Law for Social Security of Unorganised Workers, to policies for unorganised workers in various States. She has written widely on these issues in journals and newspapers and has co-authored seven books.
Personal life
She is married to Harish Khare. The couple have a son.
Positions held (selected)
In the SEWA family of organisations
Chairperson, SEWA Grih Rin Limited (SEWA housing finance company) (2014–present).
Chairperson, SEWA Bank (2002–2008) & Board member (2009-2017)
National Co-ordinator, SEWA (1995–2017)
Chairperson, SEWA Bharat (All India SEWA) (2001–present)
Executive Trustee, Mahila Housing SEWA Trust (1994–present)
Secretary, SEWA (1981–1995)
In international organisations (selected)
Member, UN Secretary General's High Level Panel on Women's Economic Empowerment in 2016-2017
Chairperson, WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing) (2009–2020)
Chairperson, HomeNet South Asia (2007–present)
In government (selected)
Member, Steering Committee, Working Group on Urban poverty, slum and service delivery system in the context of formulation of the 12th five-year plan (2012–2017) under Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India.
Member, Expert Group to recommend the detailed methodology for Identification of Families living Below Poverty Line in the Urban Areas, Planning Commission, (2010–2014)
Member, Task Force on Affordable Housing, Ministry of Housing and Poverty Alleviation (2008)
Member, Prime Minister's National Skill Development Council. (2009–2014)
Chairperson, Task Force on Workers in Unorganised Sector, Government of Madhya Pradesh. (2001–2002)
Member, Task Force on National Policy for Street Vendors. (2002–2003)
Chairperson, Group on Women workers and Child labour, National Commission on Labour, Government of India (2000)
Other
Member Council, Integrated Research for Action and Development (IRADe)(2015–Present )
Member, India Senior Energy Advisory Council (ISEAC), Sponsored by Shell Company (2014–2016)
Chancellor, Gandhigram Rural University (2012-2017)
Board member, Invest India Micro Pensions (a company for pension for the poor) (2006–2014)
Board member, Institute for Human Development. New Delhi (2006–2016)
Board member, India Development Foundation, Gurgaon (2010–2012)
Board member, Indian Institute for Human Settlements (2010–present)
Awards
Lifetime Achievement Award 2017, awarded by Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industries Ladies Organisation, 2017
"Women of the Year" Award for her commendable contribution in public service, awarded by Radio One, 2014
India Today Woman in Public Service, awarded by India Today Group, 2013
Outstanding Work in Social Service, awarded by Vineet Gupta Memorial Trust, 1991
Padma Shri, awarded by Government of India, 1990
Outstanding Social Worker, awarded by Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industries Ladies Organisation, 1990
Award for Outstanding Young Person, Given by Jaycees Karnavati, 1984
National Science Talent Scholarship Awarded for Excellence in Science, 1969–1972
Publications
1. Books
Basic Income : A Transformative Policy for India: Co-edited by Sarath Davala, Soumya Kapoor Mehta & Guy Standing, Bloomsbury Publication, 2015
The Idea of Work: Co-authored with Ela Bhatt, Indian Academy For Self Employed Women, 2012.
Social Income and Insecurity: A Study in Gujarat: Co-authored with Guy Standing, Jeemol Unni, and Uma Rani. Routledge, 2010.
Empowering Women in an Insecure World: Joining SEWA Makes a Difference: Co-authored with Sapna Desai and Jignasa Dave. SEWA Academy, 2010.
Membership-Based Organization of the Poor: Co-edited with Martha Chen, Ravi Kanbur and Carol Richards. Routledge, 2007.
Women, Work and Poverty: Co-authored by Martha Chen, Joann Vanek, Francie Lund, James Heinz, with Renana Jhabvala and Christine Bonner. UNIFEM, New York, 2005.
Informal Economy Centrestage: New Structures of Employment: Co-edited with Ratna M. Sudarshan and Jeemol Unni. Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2003.
The Unorganised Sector: Work Security and Social Protection: Co-edited with R.K.A. Subrahmanya. Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2000.
Speaking Out: Women's Economic Empowerment in South Asia: Co-edited with Martha Chen and Marilyn Carr. IT Publications, 1996.
2. Selected articles in journals
"Why basic income seems to be the best bet in times of Covid-19" by The Financial Express in June 2020.
"Bhukh ki Andekhi Chhaviya" in Hindustan in June 2020.
"Women: The Invisible Face of Hunger* an analysis by Hindustan Times in May 2020.
"Give all families, irrespective of ration cards, free food for three months" in Times of India in May 2020.
Basic income can transform women's lives (Beyond Trafficking & Slavery) "Opendemocracy.net" September 2019.
"Basic Income should have maximum inclusion", Governance Now, February 2017.
"There Are No Brick-and-Mortar Banks in a Radius of Even Ten Kilometers: Renana Jhabvala on Demonetisation and the Rural Economy", The Caravan, November 2016
"India's time for unconditional cash transfers – we need to move towards a basic income regime, but cautiously, so that the vulnerable population does not suffer" in The Financial Express, May 2016
"Cash gets stuck in that last mile – Banks need to focus on getting the banking correspondent model right" in The Financial Express, December 2015
"Column: Empowering women through cash transfers – Unconditional cash transfers could transform the lives of women and make them more assertive" (with Dr. Guy Standing) in The Financial Express, May 2015
"No conditions apply" in The Indian Express, December 2014
"Let's use CSR to strengthen people's sector" in Governance Now, May 2014
"The unaccounted" in The Indian Express, 2014
"Women Home-Based Workers Creating Ties Across South Asian Countries: Experience of SEWA and Homenet" (with Donna Doane) in SAARC Journal on Human Resource Development, Vol. 7, No. 1, December 2011.
"Clogged Pipes and Bureaucratic Blinkers" (with Guy Standing) in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XLV, Nos. 26 & 27, 2010.
"Social Protection for Women Workers in the Informal Economy" (with Shalini Sinha) in Comparative Labour Law & Policy Journal, Vol. 27, No. 2, Winter 2006.
"The Idea of Work" (with Ela Bhatt) in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXIX, No. 48, 2004.
"Indian Women Use Video to Spark Collective Action" in Communication for Change, 2003.
"New Forms of Workers' Organisations: Towards A System of Representation and Voice" in The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol. 46, No. 2, April–June 2003.
"Liberalisation and the Woman Worker" (with Shalini Sinha) in Economic and Political Weekly, 25 May 2002.
"Humanitarian Trade Unionist: Jhabvala's Pioneering Efforts for Workers' Rights" in Manushi, Issue 127, November–December 2001.
"In the Wake of a Quake: SEWA's Relief Efforts in Kutch" in Manushi, Issue 122.
"Social Security for Women Workers in the Unorganised Sector," (with Shalini Sinha) in The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, October–December 2001 (Conference Issue).
"Liberalisation and Women" in Seminar, Special Issue on Footloose Labour, November 2000.
"Roles and Perceptions" in Seminar, Special Issue on Street Vendors, July 2000.
"Minimum Wages Based on Workers' Needs" in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 10, 1998.
"Social Security for the Unorganised Sector" in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXIII, No. 22, May 1998.
"A Case Study of Interventions in the Labour Market in Gender, Employment and Health", National Council of Applied Economic Research Publication, 1998.
"Policies Affecting the Unorganised Sector: Lesson from the SEWA Experience" in Margin, Vol. 30, No.1, NCAER Publication, October–December 1997.
"Women in the People's Sector: Experiences of SEWA" in Social Welfare, Vol. 44, No. 5-6, August–September 1997.
"Wages for Unorganised Labour" in Seminar, April 1997.
"Out of the Shadows: Home-based Workers Organise for International Recognition" (with Jane Tate) in SEEDS, No. 18, 1996.
"India Can Take the Lead" in Labour File, Vol. 2, No. 4, Centre for Communications, New Delhi, April 1996.
"Invisible Workers Reach International Heights", Economic and Political Weekly, 9 December 1995.
"Ahmedabad 2001: Planning for the Poor—A Focus on Self employed Women", by Renana Jhabvala and Usha Jumani, reprint from Nagarlok, Vol. XX, No.4, October–December 1988.
"Claiming What Is Theirs: Struggle of Vegetable Vendors in Ahmedabad", Manushi, Issue 32, January–February 1986.
"From the Mills to the Streets: A Study of Retrenchment of Women from the Ahmedabad Textile Mills", Manushi, Issue 26, 1985.
"Neither A Complete Success Nor A Complete Failure: SEWA Organises "Bidi" Workers", Manushi, Issue 22, May–June 1984.
3. Selected articles in edited volumes
"Globalisation and Economic Reform as Seen from the Ground: SEWA's Experience in India" (with Ravi Kanbur) in Kaushik Basu (ed.) India's Emerging Economy: Performance and Prospects in the 1990s and Beyond, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 2004. Also presented as a paper at the Indian Economy Conference, Cornell University, 19–20 April 2002.
"Globalisation, Liberalisation and Women in the Informal Economy" in Veena Jha (ed.) Trade, Globalisation and Gender—Evidence from South Asia. UNIFEM publication in collaboration with UNDP and UNCTAD, 2003.
"Women as the Leaders of Development" in Jude Fernando and Alyssa Ayres, Progress, Promise and Partnerships. Asia Society, New York, 1998. Also as a keynote address delivered at the Asia Society Conference, New York, 5 October 1998.
"Working Women: Myth and Reality—Experiences of a Group of Muslim Women Workers" in Vina Mazumdar (ed.) Women Workers in India. Chanakya Publications for ICSSR, 1990.
"Poor Women in Urban Areas: Reaching a Vulnerable Group" in Social Dimensions of Urban Poverty in India. National Institute of Urban Affairs, New Delhi, 1999.
4. SEWA Academy publications
Impact of Implementing the CDS through Sangini Childcare and Workers' Co-operative, by Renana Jhabvala, Mirai Chatterjee and Mita Parikh, 1996.
The World of Work in People's Sector and Its Inherent Strength: SEWA Experience by Renana Jhabvala and Ela Bhatt, 1995.
Women in the Informal Economy by Renana Jhabvala, 1995.
"My Home, My Workplace: A Life of Struggle from Security" in Tana Vana: The Warp and Weft of Life, with Karl Osner and Manali Shah) (n.d.).
The Role of Street Vendors in the Growing Urban Economies (n.d.).
Wage-based Fixation for Home-based Piece Rate Workers: Technical Study based on a Survey of Workers in Gujarat, India with Rahima Shaikh and SEWA Academy Team, 1995.
Textiles in the People's Sector: Impact of Global Trading Practices on Women in the Unorganised Textile Sector in India, 1995. Also part of Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on Global Trading Practices and Poverty Alleviation in South Asia: A Gender Perspective, organised by UNIFEM and Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), New Delhi, 30 January – 1 February 1995.
"My Life, My Work: A Sociological Study of SEWA's Urban Members," with Namrata Bali, Working Paper, Series II, 1991.
References
External links
Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA)
SEWA Bank
SEWA Bharat
Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO)
Law for Social Security of Unorganised Workers
National Policy for Street Vendors
Mahila Housing SEWA Trust
Living people
Parsi people
Indian people of German-Jewish descent
Indian women's rights activists
Writers from Ahmedabad
Hindu College, Delhi alumni
Harvard University alumni
Yale University alumni
Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work
Indian women trade unionists
Trade unionists from Gujarat
Women writers from Gujarat
20th-century Indian women writers
21st-century Indian essayists
Indian women essayists
20th-century Indian essayists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Indian women writers
Women educators from Gujarat
Educators from Gujarat
Social workers from Gujarat |
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Benny Nielsen (12 April 1934 – 26 September 1994) was a Danish boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1934 births
1994 deaths
Danish male boxers
Olympic boxers for Denmark
Boxers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Copenhagen
Welterweight boxers |
Natalija Todorovska, née Natalia Malakhova (born 7 July 1974) is a Russian and then Macedonian handball player.
After playing many years for the Volgograd Akva, she went to the Macedonian Champions club Kometal Gjorče Petrov Skopje in 2001.
Awarded as the best right wing of the 1997 World Championship with Russia, she lately played for the Macedonian team. At the 2005 World Championship, she scored 21 goals against Cameroon and at the 2008 European Women's Handball Championship she finished the fifth top goalscorer.
On 24 March 2009, Natalija Todorovska was awarded the Medal for Service to the Country by the president of the Republic of Macedonia for acknowledgement of her sport achievements and her contribution to developing and popularizing sport in Macedonia as well as promoting the country abroad.
References
1974 births
Living people
Russian female handball players
Macedonian female handball players
RK Podravka Koprivnica players
Russian emigrants to North Macedonia |
Records life-cycle in records management refers to the following stages of a records "life span": from its creation to its preservation (in an archives) or disposal. While various models of the records life-cycle exist, they all feature creation or receipt, use, and disposition.
Overview
The records management phase of the records life-cycle consists of:
creation
classification
maintenance
disposition
Creation occurs during the receipt of information in the form of records. Records or their information is classified in some logical system. As records are used they require maintenance. Disposition encompasses the destruction or transfer to an archive for future reference.
This is then followed by a second, archival phase consisting of:
the selection or acquisition of the records by an archives
a description of the records in inventories, finding aids and the like
the preservation of the records or, perhaps, the information in the records
Researchers and scholars may continue to reference and use of the information contained within the records.
Continuum model
In the 1930s Emmett Leahy of the United States National Archives had a central role in developing a program to define the records life-cycle from creation and use through eventual destruction or archiving. Richard Berner of the University of Washington proposed a single records management-archives goal: "responsible records use and administration leading to either authorized destruction or archival preservation and administration".
The professions of records management and archives, while distinct, surely are working towards the same objective: the effective management of recorded information through all stages of the continuum, from creation to disposal. Effective management of recorded information (what Berner calls "responsible records use and administration") requires ongoing cooperative interaction between the records manager and the archivist in order to:
ensure the creation of the right records, containing the right information, in the right format;
organize the records and analyze their content and significance to facilitate their availability;
make them available promptly to those (administrators and researchers alike) who have a right and a requirement to see them;
systematically dispose of records that are no longer required; and
protect and preserve the information for as long as it may be needed (if necessary, forever).
Important later contributions were made by Frank Upward and his development of the Records Continuum Model.
See also
Information Lifecycle Management
Retention period
References
Further reading
Records management |
Ambodimotso-Atsimo (also Ambodimotso or Ambodimotso Sud) is a town and commune () in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Befandriana-Nord, which is a part of Sofia Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 22,000 in 2001 commune census.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 0.5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, coffee, maize and cassava. Additionally fishing employs 0.5% of the population.
References and notes
Populated places in Sofia Region |
Motorrad (German for motorcycle) is a German magazine about motorcycles and motorcycling. With an average circulation of approximately 135,000 copies it is Europe's largest magazine for this target audience. The magazine is part of Gruner + Jahr. It is published biweekly by the publishing house Motor Presse Stuttgart. The editor-in-chief is Michael Pfeiffer.
A unique feature of the publication is its motorcycle tests (single, comparison and long-term) over several tens of thousands of kilometers (in the column test and technology). Other columns include service, using purchase, on the way (with travel descriptions and tips), magazine and sport.
History
The magazine Motorrad has a history spanning more than a century. On October 4, 1903 the first issue of Das Motorrad — die illustrierte Zeitschrift für die Gesamtinteressen der Motor-Radfahrer was printed by printing and publishing house Paul Förster. Starting in 1907, it was published under the title Der Motor — Gemeinschaftsorgan für Motorrad und Motorwagen. With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the magazine was suspended.
After some unsuccessful attempts of revival, the Berlin publishing house George Koenig took over with the title Das Motorrad. Under the direction of Paul Friedmann, the magazine experienced an upswing. In 1924 publication was changed from biweekly to weekly.
In 1933, as the publication was subjected to National Socialist Gleichschaltung ("coordination"), Paul Friedmann as editor-in-chief was replaced by the regime-faithful Gustav Müller. Three and a half years after the beginning of the Second World War, 20 March 1943, publication was halted. Subscribers received instead the National Socialist Motor Corps publication Deutsche Kraftfahrt, formerly published as so-called "community sheets" DDAC-Motorwelt, Allgemeine Automobilzeitung and Motor und Sport — forerunner of Auto, Motor und Sport — until 1944.
In 1949 Paul Pietsch, cofounder of Motor Presse Stuttgart, bought rights to the title Das Motorrad for 3000 Deutsche Marks; still in the same year the first issue appeared, in 1949 ten issues appeared in all. In the following year the publishing house moved from Freiburg im Breisgau to Stuttgart; Carl Hertweck becomes editor-in-chief. In 1951 publication changed from twice a month to biweekly. In 1954 starting from issue 11 the title changed to Das Motorrad + der Roller (The Motorcycle and Scooter) — however only until the end of 1954. Circulation reached 60,000. In 1958 Siegfried Rauch took over as editor-in-chief.
Starting from the late 1950s, the motorcycle industry generally found itself in a crisis, consumers aspiring to own a comfortable automobile. The circulation of Das Motorrad reached a low point, lasting until the mid-1960s, of 30,000.
In 1969, the release of modern four-stroke, four-cylinder engines, especially the Honda CB750, and the film Easy Rider ushered in a new motorcycle boom. Motorrad, now without the article "Das" in the title, reached a record circulation of 250,000 in 1976.
Further editors-in-chief were Helmut Luckner (1976–1983), Karl Maurer (1983–1985), Hans Joachim Nowitzki (1985–1989), Friedhelm Fiedler (1989–1996) und Walter Gottschick (until 1999).
Since 1997 the magazine has had a presence on the World Wide Web. Its English language website can be found at www.motorcycle-magazine.com.
Notes
External links
Official website in German
Official website in English
1903 establishments in Germany
Biweekly magazines published in Germany
Sports magazines published in Germany
German-language magazines
Gruner + Jahr
Magazines established in 1903
Motorcycle magazines
Motorcycling in Germany
Magazines published in Stuttgart |
The United States Navy Brig, Norfolk Virginia was one of the United States Navy's detention facilities.
It had a capacity to hold 145 prisoners.
Notable inmates included Yaser Esam Hamdi, captured in Afghanistan, then transferred to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, who was transferred to Norfolk when it was realized he was an American citizen.
The Brig was closed and its prisoners and staff moved to the Consolidated Navy Brig in Chesapeake, Virginia. The Norfolk Brig facility was subsequently demolished.
References
Buildings and structures in Norfolk, Virginia
Brig, Norfolk
Military prisons in the United States |
Harriet Katherine Wistrich (born 1960) is an English solicitor and radical feminist who specialises in human-rights cases, particularly cases involving women who have been sexually assaulted or who have killed their violent partners. She works for Birnberg Pierce & Partners in London. She was Liberty's Human Rights Lawyer of the Year in 2014.
Wistrich is co-founder of Justice for Women, the feminist law-reform group, and founding director of the Centre for Women's Justice. She has written for The Guardian and is the editor, with her partner Julie Bindel, of The Map of My Life: The Story of Emma Humphreys (2003).
Background
Family
Harriet Katherine Wistrich
was born in Hampstead to Enid (d. 2020) and Ernest Wistrich (d. 2015), both secular Jews, who wed in 1950. Enid became Reader in Politics and Public Administration at Middlesex University (1979–1995) and thereafter Visiting Professor of Political Science. She had been a Labour councillor (for the Priory ward of Camden Council 1965–1968 and 1971–1974) and chair of the Greater London Council Film Viewing Board in the 1970s. Her publications include "I don't mind the sex, it's the violence": Film Censorship Explored (1979), The Politics of Transport (1983), and, with David M. Smith, Devolution and Localism in England (2014).
Ernest was originally from the Free City of Danzig; he attended boarding school in Brighton before moving to the UK permanently shortly before Germany invaded Poland in 1939. Like his wife, he became a local Labour councillor (for the Swiss Cottage ward of Camden Council 1971–1974), and was a parliamentary candidate. He served as director of the European Movement from 1966 and was appointed CBE. He was the author of The United States of Europe (1992).
Early life and education
The Wistrichs married in 1950 and had three children. Matthew, born in 1957, was disabled and died when he was 14. Harriet followed in 1960 and Daniel in 1964. Raised as secular, non-kosher and non-Zionist, the children joined the Woodcraft Folk and lived in what Julie Bindel called a "liberal, upper-middle-class household". His upbringing notwithstanding, Daniel moved to Israel when he was 23 and became a Hasidic Jew.
Wistrich went to Oxford University, where she became a feminist, came out as a lesbian, and graduated with a degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. After Oxford, she and a friend hitchhiked around the country looking for a city they could make their home. They chose Liverpool, where Wistrich became involved in film-making before deciding to study law. She took a two-year law conversion course and completed her legal practice course in 1995 at the University of Westminster in London. In 1997, she qualified as a solicitor after training with Winstanley Burgess, one of the UK's "most respected asylum and immigration law practices".
Career
Justice for Women
In 1991 Wistrich co-founded the feminist law-reform group Justice for Women (JFW)—with Julie Bindel and Hilary McCollum—to campaign against laws that discriminate against women in cases involving male violence against partners. JFW had originally been set up as the Free Sara Thornton campaign to secure the release of Sara Thornton, convicted in 1989 of murdering her violent husband. E. Jane Dickson wrote in The Independent in 1995 that the group was run by Wistrich, Bindel and their dog, Peggy, out of their home in North London.
One of JFW's earliest cases was that of Emma Humphreys, who had been convicted of murder after killing her violent pimp boyfriend in 1985, when she was 17. In September 1992 she wrote to JFW from prison asking for help, and with Wistrich's and Bindel's support, she successfully appealed the conviction, claiming long-term provocation. News reports from 7 July 1995 (right) show the three women leaving the Old Bailey after the judges ordered that Humphreys be released. Wistrich told a press conference that the case had been "a miscarriage of justice on a par with that of the Guildford Four and Judith Ward".
Three years later, Wistrich and Bindel found Humphreys dead in bed at her home from an accidental overdose of prescription drugs. Based on Humphreys' diary, which was found only after her death, they co-edited a book, The Map of My Life: The Story of Emma Humphreys (2003). JFW awards the annual Emma Humphreys Memorial Prize to those raising awareness about violence against women and children.
Cases
Wistrich joined Birnberg Peirce & Partners in 2002. She has represented several women in successful appeals against murder convictions, including Stacey Hyde, Christine Devaney, Diane Butler, and Kirsty Scamp, and other litigants in high-profile cases. The latter include Jane Andrews, who was released on licence in 2015, two female detainees in Yarl's Wood Immigration Removal Centre who alleged sexual assault by staff, eight women affected by the UK undercover policing relationships scandal, and two women who were attacked by John Worboys, a serial rapist; they successfully sued the police for having failed to investigate their complaints. Wistrich also represented the family of Jean Charles de Menezes, who was shot and killed by police in London in July 2005.
In 2016 she became founding director of the Centre for Women's Justice, a charity that seeks to "hold the state accountable for failures in the prevention of violence against women and girls". Nick Cohen has called her "the best feminist lawyer I know".
Selected works
(2015). "Gayle Newland behaved no worse than rogue undercover police officers". The Guardian, 17 September 2015.
(2015). "New rape guidelines are welcome – if they’re actually followed". The Guardian, 29 January 2015.
(2009). "Jean Charles de Menezes". Socialist Lawyer. 51, January 2009, 12–14.
(2008) with Frank Arnold and Emma Ginn. "Outsourcing Abuse: The use and misuse of state-sanctioned force during the detention and the removal of asylumseekers". Birnberg Peirce & Partners, Medical Justice and the National Coalition of Anti-Deportation Campaigns.
(2003) with Julie Bindel (eds.). The Map of My Life: The Story of Emma Humphreys. London: Astraia Press.
(1988) with Lynn Alderson. "Clause 29: Radical Feminist Perspectives". Trouble & Strife, 13: 3–8.
(1988). "The Use and Misuse of Identity Politics", in D. Harway (ed.) A Word in Edgeways: Jewish Feminists Respond. London: Jewish Feminist Publications, 22–29.
References
External links
Column archive at The Guardian
Justice for Women
"Harriet Wistrich on undercover policing" (video), University of Manchester School of Law, 14 April 2016.
1960 births
Living people
British women's rights activists
English feminist writers
English people of Polish-Jewish descent
English solicitors
English women non-fiction writers
Lesbian feminists
English lesbian writers
People from Crouch End
Political lesbians
Radical feminists
English Jewish writers
Jewish feminists
LGBT Jews |
Fedor Alexandrovich Svechkov (; born 5 April 2003) is a Russian professional ice hockey center who currently plays with the Milwaukee Admirals in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect under contract with the Nashville Predators in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted in the first round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft by the Predators with the 19th selection.
Playing career
Svechkov played as a youth with hometown club, HC Lada Togliatti in the Junior Hockey League (MHL). Demonstrating a high-skill set offensively, Svechkov made his professional debut with Lada Togliatti in the 2020–21 season, in the second tier Supreme Hockey League (VHL). He contributed with 5 goals and 15 points in 38 regular season games while also splitting the season in the MHL, posting a point-per-game pace through 15 appearances.
On 10 May 2021, in order to play at the top level to continue his development, Svechkov was traded by Lada Togliatti to contending KHL club, SKA Saint Petersburg in exchange for financial compensation.
Svechkov was the sixth-rated European skater in NHL Central Scouting's pre-draft rankings and following his selection in the first-round, 19th overall, in the 2021 NHL Entry Draft by the Nashville Predators, he became the second consecutive Russian-born player selected in the first round by the Predators after the team picked fellow teammate Yaroslav Askarov at No. 11 overall in 2020.
On 31 July 2022, Svechkov was among 9 players traded by SKA Saint Petersburg to Spartak Moscow in exchange for Alexander Nikishin.
Following a lone season within Spartak Moscow in 2022–23, Svechkov having concluded his KHL contract was signed to a three-year, entry level contract with the Nashville Predators on 5 May 2023.
International play
Internationally, Svechkov splayed for Russia at 2021 IIHF World U18 Championships, winning a silver medal. Playing at center in the tournament, Svechkov was fourth in team scoring with 10 points through 7 contests.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
HC Lada Togliatti players
Milwaukee Admirals players
Nashville Predators draft picks
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Russian ice hockey centres
SKA-1946 players
SKA-Neva players
SKA Saint Petersburg players
HC Spartak Moscow players
Ice hockey people from Tolyatti |
Mannofield is an area of Aberdeen, Scotland. It is situated in the west end of the city and is accessible by travelling along the A93 Aberdeen–Perth road, the A92 south from Blackdog or north from Stonehaven and the A96 from Inverness (via the A90). Mannofield is also a short walking distance away from Aberdeen City Centre and has good road and bus links to the city and beyond. Much of Aberdeen's water is supplied by the water works/reservoir on St John's Terrace and the reservoir on Craigton Road.
History
Robert Balmanno purchased part of the Aberdeen "Freedom Lands", formerly known as the Foul Moors, from the Rubislaw Estate in 1772 and proceeded to drain the marshy tract for farmland. His strawberries were said to be the best of the Scottish crop, and sold in Covent Garden in London. He built a large home, Friendville, near the edge of his estate (at Countesswells Road). A small community grew at the perimeter of Balmanno's Field, or Enclosure, the name thereafter evolving to Mannofield.
Education
Mannofield is served in the primary sector by Airyhall Primary School, Broomhill Primary School and Cults Primary School. Secondary education is provided by Cults Academy, Harlaw Academy and Hazlehead Academy.
Cricket
Mannofield has been the home of Aberdeenshire Cricket Club since 9 May 1890, with the club playing at Mannofield Park. The ground has been host to many great cricketing names over the years, most notably Sir Donald Bradman, who scored his last first class century on British soil at the ground in 1948. In the modern era the ground has become one of Scotland's finest and has the ability to stage One Day International games between nations.
Scout group
Mannofield's local scout group is the 9th Aberdeen and local Explorer Group is Mannofield Explorers – in addition to the 1st City of Aberdeen Scout Troop on Forest Avenue Lane.
References
External links
Map of Mannofield
Areas of Aberdeen |
Saint Johnstown, Delaware, USA was a stop on the now defunct Queen Anne's Railroad line between Ellendale and Greenwood. After the railroad closed down and the tracks were removed, all property owned by the railroad was returned to its previous landowners and several small towns built around the stops disappeared.
References
Former populated places in Sussex County, Delaware
Rail transportation in Delaware
Former populated places in Delaware |
FEIS or Feis may refer to:
Feis, a traditional Gaelic arts and culture festival
Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland
Herbert Feis (1893–1972), American historian
Feis (rapper) (1986–2019), Dutch rapper
See also
FEI (disambiguation) |
Zayed Central Library (ZCL) () is a national library in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Established in 1977 as one of the academic libraries of the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), it was opened to the general public in 2016 and hosts a collection of more than 100,000 books for readers of all age groups, making it the largest public library in the city. It is overseen by the Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism.
Overview
Zayed Central Library was established in 1977 during the reign of Sheikh Zayed as an academic library of the United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain following the latter's inauguration in 1976. Just like other academic libraries, Zayed Central Library adopted the Dewey Decimal Classification system whereas the cataloging work and the public service was done manually.
The university moved to modernize the library in the 1990s by making it University Libraries Deanship and introducing automated integrated systems to fulfill research requirements and converting its holdings into a bilingual database, both in Arabic and English.
By 2002, the library completed the re-classification of all of its material and resources in accordance with the American Library of Congress. In 2015, the Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism announced the transformation of the library into a public one by 2016 when President Sheikh Khalifa's declared 2016 as the Year of Reading.
Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, the Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism closed down all public libraries in March 2020, including Zayed Central Library and was only reopened at thirty-percent capacity in November 2020.
In 2021, following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in the city, the university hosted the Al Ain Book Fare for nine days between September 21 and 30.
References
Buildings and structures in Al Ain
Education in Al Ain
Libraries established in 1977
Libraries in the United Arab Emirates |
Froilan Ochea Quiño is a Filipino politician from Compostela, Cebu, Philippines. He currently serves as the vice mayor of Compostela since 2022. Quiño previously served as the mayor of Compostela from 2019 to 2022 together with former vice mayor and now councilor Josephine Abing. Quiño previously served as councilor of Compostela and as Association of Barangay Councils (ABC) President.
References
Living people
1987 births |
Spangbergiella viridis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae.
References
Dmitriev D (2009). "Nymphs of some Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) with description of a new tribe". ZooKeys 29: 13-33.
Further reading
Insects described in 1872
Hecalini |
Dinocephalians (terrible heads) are a clade of large-bodied early therapsids that flourished in the Early and Middle Permian between 279.5 and 260 million years ago (Ma), but became extinct during the Capitanian mass extinction event. Dinocephalians included herbivorous, carnivorous, and omnivorous forms. Many species had thickened skulls with many knobs and bony projections. Dinocephalians were the first non-mammalian therapsids to be scientifically described and their fossils are known from Russia, China, Brazil, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania.
Description
Apart from the Biarmosuchians, the dinocephalians are the least advanced therapsids, although still uniquely specialised in their own way. They retain a number of primitive characteristics (e.g. no secondary palate, small dentary) shared with their pelycosaur ancestors, although they are also more advanced in possessing therapsid adaptations like the expansion of the ilium and more erect limbs. They include carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous forms. Some were semiaquatic, others were fully terrestrial. They were among the largest animals of the Permian period; only the biggest Caseidae and Pareiasauridea reaching them in size.
Size
Dinocephalians were generally large. The biggest herbivores (Tapinocephalus) and omnivores (Titanosuchus) may have massed up to , and were some long, while the largest carnivores (such as Titanophoneus and Anteosaurus) were at least as long, with heavy skulls long, and overall masses of around a half-tonne.
Skull
All dinocephalians are distinguished by the interlocking incisor (front) teeth. Correlated features are the distinctly downturned facial region, a deep temporal region, and forwardly rotated suspensorium. Shearing contact between the upper and lower teeth (allowing food to be more easily sliced into small bits for digestion) is achieved through keeping a fixed quadrate and a hinge-like movement at the jaw articulation. The lower teeth are inclined forward, and occlusion is achieved by the interlocking of the incisors. The later dinocephalians improved on this system by developing heels on the lingual sides of the incisor teeth that met against one another to form a crushing surface when the jaws were shut.
Most dinocephalians also developed pachyostosis of the bones in the skull, which seems to have been an adaptation for intra-specific behaviour (head-butting), perhaps for territory or a mate. In some types, such as Estemmenosuchus and Styracocephalus, there are also horn-like structures, which evolved independently in each case.
Evolutionary history
The dinocephalians are an ancient group and their ancestry is not clear. It is assumed that they must have evolved during the earlier part of the Roadian, or possibly even the Kungurian epoch, but no trace has been found. These animals radiated at the expense of the dying pelycosaurs, who dominated during the early part of the Permian and may have even gone extinct due to competition with therapsids, especially the short-lived but most dominant dinocephalians. Even the earliest members, the estemmenosuchids and early brithopodids of the Russian Ocher fauna, were already a diverse group of herbivores and carnivores.
During the Wordian and early Capitanian, advanced dinocephalians radiated into a large number of herbivorous forms, representing a diverse megafauna. This is well known from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Southern African Karoo.
At the height of their diversity (middle or late Capitanian age) all the dinocephalians suddenly died out, during the Capitanian mass extinction event. The reason for their extinction is not clear; although disease, sudden climatic change, or other factors of environmental stress may have brought about their end. They were replaced by much smaller therapsids; herbivorous Dicynodontia and carnivorous Biarmosuchians, Gorgonopsians and Therocephalians.
Taxonomy
Class Synapsida
Order Therapsida
Suborder Dinocephalia
?Driveria
?Eccasaurus
?Mastersonia
?Pelosuchus
?Tappenosaurus
Family Estemmenosuchidae
Estemmenosuchus
Molybdopygus
?Parabradysaurus
?Family Phreatosuchidae
Phreatosaurus
Phreatosuchus
?Family Phthinosuchidae
Phthinosuchus
?Family Rhopalodontidae
?Phthinosaurus
Rhopalodon
Clade Anteosauria
Family Anteosauridae
Family Brithopodidae
Family Deuterosauridae
Clade Tapinocephalia
?Dimacrodon
Family ?Driveriidae
Family ?Mastersoniidae
Family Styracocephalidae
Family Tapinocephalidae
Family Titanosuchidae
See also
Evolution of mammals
List of Permian tetrapods
References
Further reading
Carroll, R. L. (1988), Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, WH Freeman & Co.
External links
Dinocephalia at Palaeos
Dinocephalia at Palaeocritti
Taxa named by Harry Seeley
Guadalupian first appearances
Guadalupian extinctions |
Strato I Dikaios (Greek: , “the Good”) also known as Stratha in Sanskrit, was a Yavana King (reigned 125/120-110 BCE), the son and successor of Menander, Strato’s mother, Agathoclea ruled as Queen Mother and regnant for Strato until 120 BCE, when he was of age to succeed his father. He was dynastically succeeded by his son, Menander II.
Date and genealogy
Until recently, consensus was that he ruled between c. 130–110 BCE in Northern India and that his father was the great king Menander I. Menander ruled the entire Indo-Greek empire, but in this scenario, the western parts including Paropamisade and Arachosia gained independence after the death of Menander I, pushing Strato and Agathokleia eastwards to Gandhara and Punjab. This view was introduced by Tarn and defended as recently as 1998 by Bopearachchi.
The modern view, embraced by R. C. Senior and probably more solid since it is founded on numismatical analyses, suggests that Strato I was a later king, perhaps ruling from 110–85 BCE, though perhaps still a descendant of Agathokleia. In this case, Agathokleia was the widow of another king, possibly Nicias or Theophilus.
A third hypothesis was presented in 2007 by J. Jakobsson: according to this, the coins of Strato in fact belong to two kings who both may have ruled around 105–80 BCE, though in different territories:
Strato Soter and Dikaios (Greek: ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝ Ο ΣΩΤΗΡ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ "Strato the saviour and just/righteous"), was Agathokleia's son.
Strato Epiphanes Soter (Greek: ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝ Ο ΕΠΙΦΑΝΗΣ ΣΩΤΗΡ "Strato the illustrious, saviour"), was a middle-aged king who may have been Agathokleia's brother and ruled in western Punjab.
This theory was based on difference in titles, in monograms and coin types between the two.
Events during his reign
Agathocleia's importance was gradually downplayed on the coins, so presumably her guardianship ended when Strato came of age. Strato I was also the only Indo-Greek king to appear bearded, probably to indicate that he was no longer an infant. Strato I, or the two Stratos, fought for hegemony in Punjab with the king Heliokles II, who overstruck several of their coins. There were very likely wars with other kings as well. The middle-aged Strato, according to the third theory, was succeeded by his son Polyxenios, who ruled only for a short time.
A hoard of Strato's coins was found in Mathura outside New Delhi, which may have been the easternmost outpost of the Indo-Greek territory.
Coins
The coins of Strato show portraits aging from a youth to middle-aged. They have been divided into the following periods, where period 8 may belong to the second king.
Period 1 (Only Agathokleia):
Bronzes: Athena / seated Heracles.
Obverse - Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΘΕΟΤΡΟΠΟΥ ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΙΑΣ "of queen Godlike Agathokleia"
Reverse - Pali: Maharajasa tratarasa dhramikasa Agathukriae "Queen Agathokleia, saviour and follower of the dharma"
Period 2:
Silver: Agathokleia's portrait / walking king forming benediction gesture.
Obverse - Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΙΑΣ "of queen Agathokleia"
Reverse - Pali: Maharajasa tratarasa dhramikasa Stratasa "The Great king Strato, saviour and followers of the Dharma"
Period 3:
Silver: Bust of adolescent Strato / Athena holding Nike.
Obverse - Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ "of king saviour and just/righteous Strato"
Reverse - Pali: Maharajasa tratarasa Dhramikasa Stratasa "Great saviour king Strato, follower of the Dharma"
Period 4:
Silver: Adolescent Strato jointly with Agathokleia / Athena Alkidemos left.
Obverse - Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΙΑΣ "of king saviour Strato, and Agathokleia"
Reverse - Pali: Maharajasa tratarasa Stratasa/Agathukriae "Great saviour king Strato, and Agathokleia"
Period 5-7:
Silver: Strato alone, diademed, helmeted or spear-throwing, sometimes bearded / Athena Alkidemos (left, right or forward).
Bronzes: Heracles / Nike
Obverse - (5-6) Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ "of king saviour Strato"
(7) Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ "of king saviour and Just/Righteous Strato"
Reverse - (5) Pali: Maharajasa tratarasa Stratasa "Great saviour king Strato"
(6) Pali: Maharajasa tratarasa dhramikasa Stratasa "Great saviour king Strato, follower of the dharma"
(7) Pali: Maharajasa tratarasa dhramikasa Stratasa "Great saviour king Strato, follower of the dharma"
Period 8:
Silver: Middle-aged Strato diademed or helmeted / Athena Alkidemos left.
Bronzes: Apollo / Sacrificial tripod
Obverse - Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ "of king illustrious saviour Strato"
Reverse - Pali: Maharajasa pracachasa tratarasa Stratasa "Great saviour king Strato, the illustrious"
See also
Greco-Buddhism
Indo-Scythians
Notes
References
The Greeks in Bactria and India, W.W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press
External links
Coins of Strato I
More coins of Strato I
Indo-Greek kings
2nd-century BC monarchs in Asia
Euthydemid dynasty |
William Slade (9 May 1873 – 30 September 1941) was a British tug of war competitor who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908 he won the bronze medal as member of the British team Metropolitan Police "K" Division.
References
External links
Profile at databaseolympics.com
1873 births
1941 deaths
Metropolitan Police officers
Olympic tug of war competitors for Great Britain
Tug of war competitors at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in tug of war
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics |
Mulobezi District is a district of Zambia, located in Western Province. It was separated from Sesheke District in 2013.
References
Districts of Western Province, Zambia |
Milas (, Mylasa) is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,067 km2, and its population is 147,416 (2022). The city commands a region with an active economy and is very rich in history and ancient remains, the territory of Milas containing a remarkable twenty-seven archaeological sites of note. The city was the first capital of ancient Caria and of the Anatolian beylik of Menteşe in mediaeval times. The nearby Mausoleum of Hecatomnus is classified as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Milas is focused on agricultural and aquacultural processing, related industrial activities, services, transportation (particularly since the opening of Milas–Bodrum Airport), tourism and culture. The centre lies about 20 km from the coast and is closer to the airport than Bodrum itself, with many late arrival passengers of the high season increasingly opting to stay in Milas rather than in Bodrum where accommodation is likely to be difficult to find.
Milas district has a total coastline length of 150 km, both to the north-west in the Gulf of Güllük and to the south along the Gulf of Gökova, and to these should be added the shores of Lake Bafa in the north divided between the district area of Milas and that of Aydın district of Söke.
Along with the province seat of Muğla and the province's southernmost district of Fethiye, Milas is among the prominent settlements of south-west Turkey, these three centers being on a par with each other in terms of all-year population and the area their depending districts cover. Milas center is situated on a fertile plain at the foot of Mount Sodra, on and around which sizable quarries of white marble are found and have been used since very ancient times.
Etymology
The name Mylasa, with the old Anatolian ending in -asa is evidence of very early foundation. On the basis of the -mil syllable found also in the name the Lycians called themselves Trmili, a theory connects the name of Mylasa with the passage of the Lycians from Miletus, also claimed to be a Lycian foundation under the name Millawanda by Ephorus, to their final home in the south. But there is nothing else to suggest a Lycian origin for the name Mylasa. Stephanus of Byzantium in his Ethnica says that the city took its name from a certain Mylasus, son of Chrysaor and a descendant of Sisyphus and Aeolus, an explanation some sources deem unsubstantial for a Carian city.
History
The city's earliest historical mention is at the beginning of the 7th century BC, when a Carian leader from Mylasa by name Arselis is recorded to have helped Gyges of Lydia in his contest for the Lydian throne. The same episode is at the origin of the accounts surrounding the beginning of the cult for and the erection of the statue of Labrandean Zeus in the neighboring sanctuary of Labranda, held sacred by peoples across western Anatolia, with the statue holding the labrys brought over by Arselis from Lydia. Labrandean Zeus (sometimes also named "Zeus Stratios") was one of the three deities proper to Mylasa, all named Zeus but each bearing indigenous characteristics. Of these, the cult of Zeus Carius (Carian Zeus) was also notable in being exclusively reserved, aside from the Carians, to their Lydian and Mysian kinsmen. One of the finest temples was also the one dedicated to Zeus Osogoa (originally, just Osogoa),
Persian period
Under Achaemenid rule Mylasa was the chief city of Caria. A ruler appointed by the Persian Emperor (satrap) ruled the city in varying degrees of allegiance to the emperor. The first dynasty of rulers under the Achaemenid Empire was the Lygdamid dynasty (520-450 BCE). Between 460-450 BC, Mylasa was a regionally prominent member of the Delian League, like most Carian cities, but the Persian rule was restored towards the end of the same century.
Hecatomnid dynasty
The Hecatomnids, the dynasty founded by Hecatomnus, were officially satraps of the Persian Empire but Greek in language and culture, as their inscriptions and coins witness. Mylasa was their capital and the mausoleum of Hecatomnus can still be seen today which served as an architectural precedent from which the later mausolea of the dynasty developed. During the long and striking reign of Mausolus, they became virtual rulers of Caria and of a sizable surrounding region between 377-352 BC. During Mausolus's reign the capital was moved to Halicarnassus, but Mylasa retained its importance. Mausolus was the builder of the famous Ancient Wonder of the World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
Roman period
In 40 BCE Mylasa suffered great damage when it was taken by Labienus in the Roman Civil War. In the Greco-Roman period, though the city was contested among the successors of Alexander, it enjoyed a season of brilliant prosperity, and the three neighbouring towns of Euromus, Olymos and Labranda were included within its limits. Mylasa is frequently mentioned by ancient writers. At the time of Strabo (the first century BCE), the city boasted two remarkable orators, Euthydemos (in Greek Εὐθύδημος) and Hybreas (Ὑβρέας), whose relationship gave rise to the adage "necessary evil". Euthydemos and Hybreas were antagonistic politicians, and when Euthydemos died, Hybreas spoke at his funeral, where he noted, ”You are a necessary evil: we can live neither with you nor without you." Various inscriptions tell us that the Phrygian cults were represented here by the worship of Sabazios; the Egyptian, by that of Isis and Osiris. There was also a temple of Nemesis. An inscription from Mylasa provided one of the few certain data about the life of Cornelius Tacitus, identifying him as governor of Asia in 112-13.
Christian era
Among the ancient bishops of Mylasa was Saint Ephrem (fifth century), whose feast was kept on January 23, and whose relics were venerated in neighbouring city of Leuke. Cyril and his successor, Paul, are mentioned by Nicephorus Callistus and in the Life of Saint Xene. Michel Le Quien mentioned the names of three other bishops, and since his time the inscriptions discovered refer to two others, one anonymous, the other named Basil, who built a church in honour of Saint Stephen. The Saint Xene referred to above was a Roman noblewoman who, to escape the marriage which her parents wished to force upon her, donned male attire, left her country, changed her name from Eusebia to Xene ("stranger"), and lived first on the island of Cos, then at Mylasa. Since the Fourth Crusade, Mylasa has remained a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, Mylasensis; the seat has been vacant since the death of the last bishop in 1966.
Turkish era
Beys of Menteşe
Milas and the surrounding region (the Byzantine theme of Mylasa and Melanoudion) was taken over by the Turks under the command of Menteşe Bey in the late thirteenth century, who gave his name to the beylik (Menteşe) that established its capital in the city. The administrative center of his descendants was the castle of Beçin located in the contemporary dependant township of the same name at a distance of from Milas and which was easier to defend.
Ottoman rule
Milas, together with the entire Beylik of Menteşe was taken over by the Ottoman Empire in 1390. However, just twelve years later, Tamerlane and his forces overcame the Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara, and returned control of this region to its former rulers, the Menteşe Beys, as he did for other Anatolian beyliks. Milas was brought back under Ottoman control, this time in 1420 by the Sultan Mehmed I. One of the first acts of the Ottomans was to transfer the regional administrative seat to Muğla.
From 1867 until 1922, Milas was part of the Aidin Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. At the turn of the twentieth century, according to 1912 figures, Milas' urban center had a population of 9,000, of whom some 2,900 were Greek, a thousand or so Jewish, and the remaining majority were Turkish. The Greeks of Milas were exchanged with Turks living in Greece under the 1923 agreement for the exchange of Greek and Turkish populations between the two countries, while the sizable Jewish community remained as a presence till the 1950s, at which time they emigrated to Israel; Jews formerly of Milas still visit frequently to this day.
Sights of interest
The Mausoleum of Hecatomnus was discovered in 2010 when men were arrested for illegal digging for antiquities. A marble sarcophagus and numerous frescoes were discovered in the tomb, although it was believed many relics had already been taken from the tomb and sold on the black market. Recently a golden crown from the tomb has been identified and agreed to be returned to Turkey. The tomb is very important for understanding of Carian art and craftsmanship as it was built by their best architects and sculptors and was a predecessor of the magnificent Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
The walls surrounding the temenos of one of the temples dedicated to one of the Zeus (probably Zeus Osogoa and built in the first century BC) are still visible, as well as a row of columns.
The eighteenth-century English traveller Richard Pococke relates, in his Travels, having seen the temple of Augustus here; its materials have since partially been taken by Turks to build a mosque.
One of the two ancient symbols of the town is "Baltalıkapı" (Gate with an axe), a well-preserved Roman gate called as due to the eponymous double-headed axe (labrys) carved into a keystone.
There is also a two-storied monumental Roman tomb dating from the 2nd century AD, called "Gümüşkesen" today and which gives its name to a whole quarter of Milas, and referred to as "Dystega" in some dated sources. This monument is most likely a simplified copy of the famous tomb of Mausolus in Halicarnassus.
There are a number of historical Turkish buildings in Milas, dating from both the Menteşe and the Ottoman periods. A number of old houses built in the nineteenth or early twentieth century that have been preserved in their original appearance are also worthy of mention. Among the three most important mosques of Milas, The Great Mosque dating from 1378 and Orhan Bey Mosque dating from 1330 were built when Milas was the capital of the Turkish principality of Menteşe. The slightly more imposing Firuz Bey Mosque was built shortly the first incorporation of Milas into the Ottoman Empire and bears the name of the city's first Ottoman administrator.
Milas carpets and rugs woven of wool have been internationally famous for centuries and bear typical features. In our day, they are no longer produced in the city of Milas, but rather in a dozen villages around Milas. For the whole territory of Milas district, up to 7000 weavers' looms remain active, either full-time or at intervals following the demand, which remains quite lively both in Turkey and abroad.
Beçin Castle, the capital of Menteşe Beys, is situated at the dependent township of Beçin, at a distance of 5 kilometers from Milas city. The fortress has been restored in 1974, and the compound includes two mosques, two medreses, a hamam, the remains of a Byzantine chapel as well as traces from earlier periods.
At a distance of 14 km. from Milas center, set on a steep hillside and surrounded by pine forests is the ancient Carian cult center of Labranda, its name echoing once again the eponymous tradition of labrys. The ruins, including a temple, banqueting halls and tombs, were excavated by a Swedish team in early 20th century, as well as the views over the valley, attract the interest of rather few adventurous visitors prepared for the climb.
Gökçeler Canyon and İncirliin Cave inside the canyon are visitor attractions.
Composition
There are 132 neighbourhoods in Milas District:
Ağaçlıhüyük
Akçakaya
Akçalı
Akkovanlık
Akyol
Alaçam
Alatepe
Aslanyaka
Avşar
Aydınlık Evler
Bafa
Bağdamları
Baharlı
Bahçe
Bahçeburun
Balcılar
Bayırköy
Beçin
Beyciler
Boğaziçi
Bozalan
Bozbük
Burgaz
Çakıralan
Çallı
Çamköy
Çamlıbelen
Çamlıca
Çamlıyurt
Çamovalı
Çandır
Çiftlikköy
Çınarlı
Çökertme
Çomakdağ Kızılağaç
Çukurköy
Cumhuriyet
Damlıboğaz
Danişment
Demirciler
Dereköy
Derince
Dibekdere
Dörttepe
Eğridere
Ekinanbarı
Ekindere
Emek
Epçe
Etrenli
Fesliğen
Gazi-Firuz Paşa
Gökbel
Gökçeler
Göldere
Gölyaka
Güllük
Gümüşlük
Güneş
Günlük
Gürçamlar
Gürceğiz
Hacıahmetler
Hacıapti
Hacıilyas
Hasanlar
Hayıtlı-Ahmet Çavuş
Hisarbaşı Hocabedrettin
Hisarcık
Hüsamlar
İçme
İkizköy
İkiztaş
İsmetpaşa
Kafaca
Kalemköy
Kalınağıl
Kandak
Kapıkırı
Karacaağaç
Karacahisar
Karahayıt
Karakuyu
Karapınar
Kargıcak
Karşıyaka
Kayabaşı
Kayabükü
Kayadere
Kazıklı
Kemikler
Ketendere
Kılavuz
Kırcağız
Kısırlar
Kıyıkışlacık
Kızılağaç
Kızılcakuyu
Kızılcayıkık
Konak
Korucuk
Koruköy
Köşkköy
Küçükdibekdere
Kultak
Kurudere
Kuzyaka
Menteş
Meşelik
Narhisar
Olukbaşı
Ören
Ortaköy
Ovakışlacık
Pınararası
Pınarcık
Pınarköy
Sakarkaya
Sarıkaya
Savran
Sekköy
Selimiye
Şenköy
Şevketiye
Söğütçük
Türkevleri
Tuzabat
Ulaş
Yakaköy
Yaşyer
Yoğunoluk
Yusufca
Notable people from Milas
Hecatomnus; Founder of the Hecatomnid dynasty,
Mausolus; Satrap of the Persian Empire, virtual ruler of Caria between 377-352 BC, builder of the famous Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.
Rabbi Albert Jean Amateau: U.S. Sephardic Jew community leader and social activist.
Turhan Selçuk: Turkish cartoonist. Creator of the fictional character Abdülcanbaz and the homonymous serial comics.
Picture gallery
See also
Labranda
Milas carpet
Lake Bafa
Milas–Bodrum Airport
List of ancient Greek cities
Footnotes
External links
Milas
Populated places in Muğla Province
Populated places in ancient Caria
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Roman sites in Turkey
Mylasa
Turkish Riviera
Jewish communities in Turkey
Districts of Muğla Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey |
Do Dilon Ki Dastaan may refer to the following films:
Do Dilon Ki Dastaan (1966 film), directed by Pradeep Kumar
Do Dilon Ki Dastaan (1985 film), directed by A. C. Tirulokchandar |
Carex cephalotes, also known as wire-head sedge, is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to south eastern Australia and New Zealand.
Description
The sedge has a densely tufted appearance with many shoots appearing along a short rhizome. It has smooth, erect, cylindrically tapering culms that are typically in length but can reach long and are in diameter. The leaves are often shorter than the culms and have a width of and have yellow to brown coloured sheaths. It flowers between October and march and produces erect Inflorescences that are in length and have a single spike. The lowest whorl of specialised leaves beneath the inlforecence or involucral bracts is a good deal shorter than the inflorescence itself.
Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by the Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1855 as a part of the work Definitions of Rare or Hitherto Undescribed Australian Plants. The only synonym is Carex pyrenaica var. cephalotes.
Distribution
It is found in temperate areas of south eastern Australia from New South Wales down to Tasmania, as well as both the North Island and South Island of New Zealand.
In New South Wales is has a limited distribution in area of alpine herbfields around Mount Kosciuszko.It is only found in small area in southern Victoria, where it is considered critically endangered, in the Highlands and Victorian Alps regions.
See also
List of Carex species
References
cephalotes
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
Plants described in 1855
Flora of Victoria (state)
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Tasmania
Flora of New Zealand |
Noctueliopsis pandoralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1914. It is found in Mexico and the southern United States, where it has been recorded from New Mexico.
The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are pale olive brown, the basal area suffused with pink, defined outwardly by slight white scaling. The terminal area is pink, preceded by a white shade. The hindwings are dark smoky with a slight whitish shade above the anal angle and subterminally. Adults have been recorded on wing in September.
Subspecies
Noctueliopsis pandoralis pandoralis
Noctueliopsis pandoralis minimistricta (Dyar, 1913) (Mexico: Tehuacan)
References
Moths described in 1914
Odontiini |
Ariulf (died 602) was the second Duke of Spoleto from 592 (the death of Faroald) until his own death.
In 592, Ariulf, whose position in Spoleto and control of key points along the Via Flaminia, the main communication between Ravenna and Rome, to cut its alternative, the fortified Via Amerina, and capture several Byzantine cities. He took several strongholds in Latium and threatened Rome, where Gregory the Great, cut off from the exarchate, was forced to make a separate peace with him, to the great dissatisfaction of Romanus (exarch), the exarch of Ravenna, who considered himself the imperial representative in Italy and superior to the popes. Ariulf's successes were brief: the exarch's forces retook the Roman fortifications and the city of Perugia, and cleared the roads for the time being.
He then assisted Arechis I of Benevento in besieging Naples, another important city of Imperial Italy. He won a great victory at Camerino, where, according to Paul the Deacon, he claimed to have seen Saint Sabinus, the martyred hero of Spoleto, helping him, and was thus led to convert to Catholic Christianity.
Notes
Sources
Paul the Deacon. (northvegr.org) Historia Langobardorum.
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Dukes of Spoleto
Lombard warriors
6th-century Lombard people
7th-century Lombard people
6th-century monarchs in Europe
7th-century dukes in Europe
6th-century births
602 deaths
Year of birth unknown |
The Cabinet of Democratic People's Republic of Korea or North Korea (Naegak) is, according to the Constitution of North Korea, the administrative and executive body and a general state-management organ in the Government of North Korea. The Cabinet's principal newspaper is Minju Choson.
History
In North Korea's first constitution, adopted in 1948, the executive powers were vested in the Cabinet, chaired by Kim Il Sung himself.
The 1972 constitution saw the establishment of the post of President of North Korea which led the executive branch, and the cabinet was split into two organizations: The Central People's Committee () and the State Administration Council (). The Central People's Committee provided the highest visible institutional link between the government and the party and served in effect as a de facto super-cabinet. According to the 1972 constitution, the Central People's Committee exercised various functions and powers such as shaping the internal and external policies of the state, direct the work of the Administration Council and provincial people's committee, supervising the execution of the constitution, laws and ordinances of the Supreme People's Assembly, establish or abolish ministries, executive bodies of the Administration Council and appoint or remove vice premiers, ministers and other members of the Administration Council and also to declare a state of war and enacting mobilization orders in case of emergency. Article 104 gave the authority to the CPC to adopt decrees and decisions and issue directives.
The National Defence Commission was then sub-committee of this body. The CPC's formal powers were all-inclusive and it was chaired by the President. Among its responsibilities are formulating domestic and foreign policies, directing the work of the State Administration Council and its local organs, directing the judiciary, ensuring the enforcement of the constitution and other laws, appointing or removing the vice premiers and cabinet members, establishing or changing administrative subdivisions or their boundaries, and ratifying or abolishing treaties signed with foreign countries. The CPC also may issue decrees, decisions, and instructions. The State Administration Council was guided by the CPC and was led by a premier (chong-ri) and included vice premiers (bochong-ri), ministers (boojang), committee chairmen, and other cabinet-level members of central agencies. It was responsible for the formulation of state economic development plans and measures for implementing them, the preparation of the state budget, and the handling of other monetary and fiscal matters.
1982 saw the People's Armed Forces and Public Security Ministries assigned directly to the President together with the State Inspection Commission.
In 1990, by a CPC decision, the National Defense Commission became fully independent from it as a separate institution, and 1992 constitutional amendments assigned it directly to the Supreme People's Assembly. In 1998 amendments to the Constitution, the Central People's Committee and the State Administration were abolished, and the Cabinet was re-created. Thus, the Cabinet is not only the highest executive enforcement organ but was also expanded to become the general State management organ.
Emphasizing its expanded role, in January 1999 Kim Jong Il stated that
Selection
The cabinet is appointed and accountable to the Supreme People's Assembly, the North Korean unicameral parliament. The SPA chooses the Premier of North Korea who appoints three vice premiers and the cabinet's ministers. All members of the cabinet are members of the Workers' Party of Korea which rules the country since its establishment in 1948. While the SPA is not in session, the cabinet is accountable to the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly.
, some 260 people have served as cabinet ministers. Six of them have been women: Ho Jong-suk (Minister of Culture, Justice), Pak Chong-ae (Agriculture), Yi Yang-suk (Commerce, Textile and Paper Industries), Pak Yong-sin (Culture), Yi Ho-hyok (Foodstuff and Daily Necessities Industries), and Yun Gi-jong (Finance).
Powers and responsibilities
The Cabinet, as the executive branch of the North Korean state, is responsible for implementing the state's economic policies, as guided by the Workers' Party. The cabinet is not responsible for defense and security issues, as those are handled by the State Affairs Commission. Thus, the security organizations such as the Korean People's Army, Ministry of Social Security and State Security Department report and subordinated directly to the SAC, whose chairman holds full power as the supreme leader of the republic and the party and overall commander-in-chief of all uniformed forces. The Cabinet convenes a plenary meeting and an executive meeting. The plenary meeting consists of all the Cabinet members, while the executive meeting is kind of a presidium, and comprises fewer people, including the Premier, vice premier and other Cabinet members whom the Premier nominates. The cabinet forms acts in the form of decisions and directives. In the performance of its mandate the Cabinet is empowered by the Constitution to:
adopt measures to execute state policy.
institute, amend, and supplement regulations concerning state management based on the Constitution and ministerial laws.
guide the work of the Cabinet commissions, ministries, direct ministries and subordinate agencies of the Cabinet and the local people's committees
set up and remove direct ministries and agencies, main administrative economic organizations, and enterprises, and adopt measures to improve the State management structure.
draft the State plan for the development of the national economy and adopt measures to put it into effect.
compile the State budget and adopt measures to implement it.
organize and exercise works in the fields of industry, agriculture, construction, transportation, communications, commerce, trade, land management, city management, education, science, culture, health, physical training, labor administration, environmental protection, tourism and others.
adopt measures to strengthen the monetary and banking system.
do inspection and control work to establish a state management order.
adopt measures to maintain social order, protect State and social cooperation body's possession and interests, and to guarantee citizens’ rights.
conclude treaties with foreign countries, and conduct external activities.
abolish decisions and directions by economic administrative organs, which run counter to the decisions or directions made by its members.
Those Cabinet ministries that oversee economic sectors also control groups of industries called "complexes". These complexes consist of partially or fully state-owned industrial facilities like factories, mines, or farms, depending on the sector. At a local level, the Cabinet supervises the Local People's Committees.
Structure
, the Cabinet consists of the following:
See also
Politics of North Korea
State Council of South Korea
References
External links
ru:Правительство КНДР |
Çevirme () is a village in the Genç District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 162 in 2021.
The hamlets of Çiçekli, Gökyazı, Kavacık, Taşdam and Ulutaş are attached to the village.
References
Villages in Genç District
Kurdish settlements in Bingöl Province |
Sergiu Zacon (born 13 November 1987) is a Moldavian football striker who plays for FC Nistru Otaci.
Club statistics
Total matches played in Moldavian First League: 109 matches - 11 goals
References
External links
Profile at Divizia Nationala
Profile at UEFA
1987 births
People from Leova District
Moldovan men's footballers
Living people
FC Tighina players
Men's association football midfielders |
is a Japanese physicist and professor at Tohoku University known for his contributions to the field of phase-contrast X-ray imaging.
Biography
Born in 1962 in Toyama Prefecture, Momose graduated with a Master's degree in Engineering from The University of Tokyo in 1987. Between 1987 and 1999, he worked at the Hitachi's Advanced Research Laboratory. During this time he completed his doctoral degree. 1997-1998 he worked one year at the synchrotron facility ESRF in Grenoble, France. In 1999, he was appointed associate professor at the department of applied physics at The University of Tokyo. In 2003, he was appointed associate professor at the Graduate School of Frontier Science. In 2012, he was appointed full professor at Tohoku University in Sendai.
Research
Momose is mainly known for his work on grating-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging. He was the first to show that this could be accomplish in a Talbot setup with two gratings and a detector. He was also one of the first to show grating-based imaging in combination with tomography.
Awards
2021 22nd Optical and Quantum Electronics Achievement Award (Hiroshi Takuma Award) from the Japan Society of Applied Physics
References
Living people
1962 births
Japanese physicists
University of Tokyo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
Academic staff of Tohoku University
People from Toyama Prefecture |
Gmina Zator is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Oświęcim County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Zator, which lies approximately east of Oświęcim and west of the regional capital Kraków.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 9,049 (out of which the population of Zator amounts to 3,726, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,323).
Villages
Apart from the town of Zator, Gmina Zator contains the villages and settlements of Graboszyce, Grodzisko, Laskowa, Łowiczki, Palczowice, Podolsze, Rudze, Smolice and Trzebieńczyce.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Zator is bordered by the gminas of Alwernia, Babice, Przeciszów, Spytkowice, Tomice and Wieprz.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Zator
Oświęcim County |
Damgan (; Damgan in Breton) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. Inhabitants of Damgan are called in French Damganais.
Geography
Damgan is a coastal town located on the south coast of Brittany. The town is located southeast of Vannes. The river Penerf forms a natural boundary to the west. Historically Damgan belongs to Vannetais and Lower Brittany.
Population
Tourism
Damgan is a seaside resort. It is a destination very popular in summer. 73.5% of the properties are holiday homes, the highest percentage in Morbihan.
See also
Communes of the Morbihan department
References
External links
Mayors of Morbihan Association
Communes of Morbihan |
The Europe/Africa Zone was one of the three zones of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2001.
In the Europe/Africa Zone there were four different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier. The top two teams in each Group IV sub-zone advanced to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 2002. All other teams remained in Group IV.
Participating nations
Draw
Venue: Nicosia Tennis Club, Nicosia, Cyprus
Date: 16–20 May
Group A
Group B
and promoted to Group III in 2002.
Group A
Benin vs. Sudan
Cyprus vs. Algeria
Lesotho vs. Rwanda
Benin vs. Cyprus
Lesotho vs. Algeria
Rwanda vs. Sudan
Benin vs. Rwanda
Cyprus vs. Lesotho
Algeria vs. Sudan
Benin vs. Algeria
Cyprus vs. Rwanda
Lesotho vs. Sudan
Benin vs. Lesotho
Cyprus vs. Sudan
Rwanda vs. Algeria
Group B
Tunisia vs. Azerbaijan
San Marino vs. Gabon
Uganda vs. Burkina Faso
Tunisia vs. San Marino
Uganda vs. Gabon
Burkina Faso vs. Azerbaijan
Tunisia vs. Burkina Faso
San Marino vs. Uganda
Gabon vs. Azerbaijan
Tunisia vs. Gabon
San Marino vs. Burkina Faso
Uganda vs. Azerbaijan
Tunisia vs. Uganda
San Marino vs. Azerbaijan
Burkina Faso vs. Gabon
References
External links
Davis Cup official website
Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone
Europe Africa Zone Group IV |
```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# This file is part of OpenMediaVault.
#
# @license path_to_url GPL Version 3
# @author Volker Theile <volker.theile@openmediavault.org>
#
# OpenMediaVault is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# any later version.
#
# OpenMediaVault is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
#
# along with OpenMediaVault. If not, see <path_to_url
import openmediavault.mkrrdgraph
class Plugin(openmediavault.mkrrdgraph.IPlugin):
def create_graph(self, config):
# path_to_url#uid=33r0-0kwi++bu++hX++++rd++kX
config.update(
{
'title_uptime': 'System uptime',
'color_uptime_current': '#f17742', # orange
'color_uptime_max': '#ff1300', # red
'color_uptime_min': '#ffdb70', # yellow
'color_uptime_avg': '#76d6ff', # blue
}
)
args = []
# yapf: disable
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
# autopep8: off
args.append('{image_dir}/uptime-{period}.png'.format(**config))
args.extend(config['defaults'])
args.extend(['--start', config['start']])
args.extend(['--title', '"{title_uptime}{title_by_period}"'.format(**config)])
args.append('--slope-mode')
args.extend(['--lower-limit', '0'])
args.append('--rigid')
args.extend(['--vertical-label', 'Days'])
# Based on path_to_url
args.append('DEF:uptime_sec_avg={data_dir}/uptime/uptime.rrd:value:AVERAGE'.format(**config))
args.append('DEF:uptime_sec_max={data_dir}/uptime/uptime.rrd:value:MAX'.format(**config))
args.append('CDEF:uptime_no_unkn=uptime_sec_max,UN,0,uptime_sec_max,IF')
args.append('CDEF:uptime_peaks=uptime_no_unkn,PREV\(uptime_no_unkn\),LT,PREV\(uptime_no_unkn\),UNKN,IF')
args.append('VDEF:minimum_uptime_secs=uptime_peaks,MINIMUM')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_graph=minimum_uptime_graph,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_days=minimum_uptime_days,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_hours=minimum_uptime_hours,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_mins=minimum_uptime_mins,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:maximum_uptime_secs=uptime_sec_max,MAXIMUM')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_graph=maximum_uptime_graph,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_days=maximum_uptime_days,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_hours=maximum_uptime_hours,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_mins=maximum_uptime_mins,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:average_uptime_secs=uptime_sec_max,AVERAGE')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,/')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR')
args.append('VDEF:avg_uptime_days=average_uptime_days,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:avg_uptime_hours=average_uptime_hours,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:avg_uptime_mins=average_uptime_mins,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,86400,/')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,86400,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR')
args.append('VDEF:curr_uptime_days=current_uptime_days,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:curr_uptime_hours=current_uptime_hours,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:curr_uptime_mins=current_uptime_mins,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:time=uptime_sec_max,POP,TIME')
args.append('VDEF:start=time,FIRST')
args.append('VDEF:last=time,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:time_window=uptime_sec_max,UN,0,uptime_sec_max,IF,POP,TIME')
args.append('CDEF:time_window2=PREV\(time_window\)')
args.append('VDEF:window_start=time_window,FIRST')
args.append('VDEF:window_last=time_window,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:delta=uptime_sec_max,POP,window_last,window_start,-')
args.append('CDEF:system_on_un=uptime_sec_avg,UN,UNKN,1,IF')
args.append('VDEF:total_uptime_secs=system_on_un,TOTAL')
args.append('CDEF:total_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,86400,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:total_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:total_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR')
args.append('VDEF:tot_uptime_days=total_uptime_days,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:tot_uptime_hours=total_uptime_hours,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:tot_uptime_mins=total_uptime_mins,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:temp_perc_on=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,delta,/,100,*')
args.append('VDEF:new_perc_on=temp_perc_on,LAST')
args.append('AREA:current_uptime_graph#66666640')
args.append('LINE1:current_uptime_graph{color_uptime_current}:Current'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('LINE1:max_uptime_graph{color_uptime_max}:Maximum:dashes'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('HRULE:min_uptime_graph{color_uptime_min}:Minimum:dashes'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('LINE1:average_uptime_graph{color_uptime_avg}:Average:dashes'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('COMMENT:" Total "')
args.append('GPRINT:tot_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:tot_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:tot_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:new_perc_on:" %3.2lf%% up\l"')
args.append('COMMENT:"{last_update}"'.format(**config))
# autopep8: on
# yapf: enable
openmediavault.mkrrdgraph.call_rrdtool_graph(args)
return 0
``` |
Puig Estela is a mountain of Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 2,013 metres above sea level., between the villages of Ogassa and Pardines.
See also
Mountains of Catalonia
References
Mountains of Catalonia |
The fifth season of the Case Closed anime was directed by Kenji Kodama (until episode 118) and Yasuichiro Yamamoto (since episode 119) and produced by TMS Entertainment and Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation. The series is based on Gosho Aoyama's Case Closed manga series. In Japan, the series is titled but was changed due to legal issues with the title Detective Conan. The episodes' plot continues Jimmy Kudo's life as a young child named Conan Edogawa and introduces the character Ai Haibara/Vi Graythorn.
The episodes use five pieces of theme music: two opening themes and three closing themes. The first Japanese opening theme by Zard until episode 123. The second opening theme is "Truth (A Great Detective of Love)" by Two-Mix for the rest of the season. The first ending theme is by Miho Komatsu until episode 108. The second ending theme, starting on episode 109, is by Miho Komatsu until episode 131. The third ending theme is "Still for Your Love" by Rumania Montevideo for the rest of the season. The English adaption of season five opening theme was "Spinning the Roulette of Destiny" up until episode 130, and no further dubbed episodes have been released. The English adaptions ending themes were "Negai Goto Hitotsu Dake" until episode 114 and followed by "Kōri no ue ni Tatsu yō ni" until episode 130.
The season initially ran from June 29, 1998 through February 8, 1999 on Nippon Television Network System in Japan. Episodes 107 to 134 were later collected into eight DVD compilations by Shogakukan that were released on March 24, 2006. The season was later licensed and dubbed by FUNimation Entertainment and released in a DVD box set containing episodes one hundred-six to one hundred thirty, one hundred to one twenty-three in the Japanese numbering. The Viridian edition of the season was released on March 23, 2010.
Episode listing
Notes
The episode's numbering as used in Japan
The episode's numbering as used by Funimation Entertainment
The episodes were aired as a single two-hour long episode in Japan
References
1998 Japanese television seasons
1999 Japanese television seasons
Season 5 |
Tarascon is a commune in Bouches-du-Rhône department, France.
Tarascon may also refer to:
People
Jean-Marie Tarascon (born 1953), French chemist
Paul Tarascon (1882–1977), French World War I flying ace
Places
Canton of Tarascon, a former canton of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France
Tarascon-sur-Ariège, a commune in Ariège department, France
Other uses
Tarascon (horse), a racehorse
See also
Tarasque (disambiguation)
Tarasconi |
Kolkata Metropolitan Area (abbreviated KMA; formerly Calcutta Metropolitan Area), also known as Greater Kolkata, is the urban agglomeration of the city of Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the third most populous metropolitan area in India after Delhi and Mumbai. The area is administered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). The area covers four municipal corporations along with 37 municipalities. Kolkata metropolitan district was legally defined in the schedule of the Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Area (Use and Development of Land) Control Act, 1965 (West Bengal Act XIV of 1965), and, after repeal of that Act, redefined as Kolkata metropolitan area in the first schedule of West Bengal Town and Country (Planning and Development) Act, 1979 (West Bengal Act XIII of 1979).
Jurisdiction
Demographics
According to the 2011 census data, the total population of the Kolkata metropolitan area was 14,112,536. KMDA report states the total area is 1,886.67 km2, making the population density 7,480 per km2.
See also
Mumbai metropolitan area
Chennai metropolitan area
Delhi metropolitan area
List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population
References
Geography of Kolkata
Kolkata |
Dilston Castle is an unglazed 15th-century uninhabited tower house (and inactive Catholic chapel built for one family's services) at Dilston in the parish of Corbridge, Northumberland, England. Both are scheduled monuments and Grade I listed buildings giving them recognition for historic and architectural value as well protection from demolition.
The three-storey tower was built by Sir William Claxton on the site of an earlier pele tower in the 15th century.
The Radclyffe family
In 1621 the castle was acquired by the Radclyffe family as a result of the marriage of Edward Radclyffe to the Claxton heiress. The Catholic Radclyffes built a private chapel adjacent in 1616 which stands; it also has ancient monument and listed building status. Four of the Radcliffe children including Margaret Radcliffe were abroad in a convent.
In 1622 Sir Francis Radclyffe incorporated the tower house into a new manor house, which was to become known as Dilston Hall.
A later owener, Francis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Derwentwater was a Royalist during the Civil War and his estates were sequestrated by the Commonwealth. The property was reverted to the family at the 1660 Restoration. The 3rd Earl, as son of Lady Mary Tudor an acknowledged child of Charles II began in 1709 ambitious works to replace the old house with a substantial mansion. The new mansion was never completed. He, James Radclyffe, took part in the Jacobite rising of 1715 named after the deposed King James II who was dubbed a "papish prince" in an era of renewed rivalry with the French colonial empire and Spanish Empire. He was convicted of treason and executed in 1716. The ghost of his wife is reputed to haunt the castle.
His brother Charles Radclyffe, also involved in violent claim to the (per the legal settlements of 1685 and 1686) British Protestant crown, escaped to France, but was (like his brother) attainted of high treason. He returned to support the later 1745 uprising, was captured – and executed in 1746 under the sentence imposed 30 years before.
The Derwentwater estates after 1716
The attainder of the 3rd Earl would normally have resulted in his property (including Dilston) passing to the Crown. However, he only had a life interest under his 1712 marriage settlement, so that his estates passed to his two-year-old son John, who died aged 18. On his death in 1731, the estates would have passed to his uncle Charles Ratclyffe, who was still living abroad, but he had also been attainted in 1716. After him, the estates might have passed to his son James Bartholomew Radclyffe, 4th Earl of Newburgh, but an Act of Parliament (British Nationality Act 1730, 4 Geo. 2. c. 21) had been passed in 1731 amending ("explaining") an Act of Queen Anne concerning naturalisation (Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act 1708, 7 Ann. c. 5) so as to exclude the children born abroad to attainted persons from being British subjects. This prevented James Lord Kinnaird and any siblings from inheriting (since foreigners could not own land in England) thus the land forfeited to the Crown.
The Forfeited Estates Commission had offered for sale in July 1723 the interests in remainder in these estates contingent upon the death without male issue of John. These were purchased by William Smith of Billiter Square, London for £1,060. However the sale was irregular as the original contract was cancelled and a new one made, in the presence of two commissioners (rather than the quorum of four) and without the sale being re-advertised, as required – the sale was declared void by a 1731 Act. The purchase had been, according to the commissioners' registrar, signed on behalf of a group including John Bond, Sir Joseph Eyles and Matthew White. This was a speculative, yet would have given Smith and his colleagues property worth £5,000 per year at the time of the sale, and over £6,000 when the sale was impugned. Two commissioners were held responsible for the contract (irregular and at an undervalue), Denis Bond and John Birch so expelled from the Commons for their part in the affair, whereas Sir John Eyles and Sir Thomas Hales, who had conducted the original sale and whose names had been on the final contract suffered no penalty.
The 1731 Act directed that the Court of Exchequer should sell the property, but it was not sold. Instead, the Greenwich Hospital Act 1735 directed that Crown income from the estate (after payment of various annuities and the interest on mortgages) should be employed to completing the building of Greenwich Hospital. A further Act was passed in 1738 to deal with difficulties that had arisen under this. Dilston Hall (left uncompleted on the execution of the 3rd Earl) thus became residence for the hospital's local estate steward, but, deteriorating, the commissioners ordered its demolition in 1765, leaving the castle tower and the chapel. Following the execution of Charles Ratcliffe in 1746 (see above), Lord Kinnaird as his eldest son petitioned the king, claiming to be entitled the estate, but the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital rejected his claim, because his right had not been claimed before the Forfeit Estates Commission, and because he was an alien. Being unable to finance litigation over this, he asked that the king make financial provision for him, and his mother Charlotte Maria Radclyffe, 3rd Countess of Newburgh (with his approval) asked for provision for his brother and three sisters. Accordingly, a compromise was reached that the Hospital Commissioners should pay Lord Kinnaird £24,000, and that £6,000 should be divided among his siblings, else they would have all become destitute upon the death of their mother.
On the Countess' death in 1755, Lord Kinnaird succeeded as 4th Earl of Newburgh, and lived until 1786. The 5th Earl of Newburgh then applied to Parliament for restitution of the estates, but was granted an annuity of £2,500, which he and his widow enjoyed until the deaths in 1814 and 1861 respectively. The hospital's revenue from the estates had risen by the 1780s to £15,000. The estate remained in their hands until the commissioners transferred it to the Admiralty Board under the Greenwich Hospital Act 1865. The board then sold the estate to Wentworth Blackett Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale.
Restoration of the castle
A restoration of the buildings began in 2001 and the large tower and chapel were opened to the public for part of 2003.
In 2004, £220,000 was awarded towards renovating the early 17th-century bridge (The Lord's Bridge) near the castle and conservation work to the Jacobean (Stuart) range of buildings with cobbled floors that share the grounds with the castle.
Excavations shortly after have documented the remains of the demolished Dilston Hall and its 17th-century service range, and evidenced the medieval manor. The restorations of the castle, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund, included work on a new roof, repointing, rebuilding the missing upper floor in wood, and missing staircase.
The castle shares grounds with Cambian Dilston College, a residential college for young adults with learning difficulties. The college was for some decades a maternity ward, until the charity mentioned began their use of the site. This was partly the purchase decision of the late life peer actor-manager Lord Rix, raised in East Yorkshire, recipient of ten honorary degrees and a knighthood, having a daughter with Down Syndrome and after decades of fundraising for them becoming Mencap's President.
References
External links
Historic Dilston
Structures of the North East
Images of Dilston Castle
Details of possible access
Country houses in Northumberland
Grade I listed buildings in Northumberland
Castles in Northumberland
Scheduled monuments in Northumberland
Ruins in Northumberland
Corbridge |
Lina Sjöberg (born 6 September 1993) is a Swedish trampoline gymnast. She is a three-time gold medalist in the women's double mini trampoline event at the Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships. She also won the gold medal in this event at the 2016 European Trampoline Championships held in Valladolid, Spain.
Career
In 2017, she won the bronze medal in the women's double mini event at the World Games held in Wrocław, Poland.
At the 2018 European Trampoline Championships held in Baku, Azerbaijan, she won the bronze medal in the women's double mini event.
In 2019, she represented Sweden at the European Games in the women's trampoline event. She did not qualify to compete in the final.
She won the bronze medal in the women's double mini event at the 2022 World Games held in Birmingham, United States.
References
Living people
1993 births
Sportspeople from Uppsala
Swedish female trampolinists
Medalists at the Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships
Gymnasts at the 2019 European Games
European Games competitors for Sweden
Competitors at the 2017 World Games
Competitors at the 2022 World Games
World Games bronze medalists
21st-century Swedish women |
Quintus Petronius Didius Severus was a Roman who lived in the 2nd century. Severus' family was one of the most prominent and significant families in Midolanensis or Mediolanum (modern Milan, Italy).
Severus was of the gens Petronia. His father was Quintus Petronius Severus, born c. 70 AD, was a distinguished General and had a sister named Petronia Vara, born c. 75 AD. His mother was Didia Jucunda, of the gens Didia, thus explaining the use of both gentile names in his own, as became the custom around this time. His paternal grandfather Quintus Petronius, son of one Gaius Petronius, was an Insuber or Insubrian in the city. His grandfather, father, aunt and Severus himself were born and raised in Mediolanensis.
Severus married Aemilia Clara, an African woman from Hadrumetum. Their sons were:
Didius Proculus, married, his son was betrothed to his niece Didia Clara.
Didius Nummius Albinus
Marcus Didius Severus Julianus, 137 AD, best known as Didius Julianus, briefly Roman Emperor in 193 AD.
References
Augustan History - Didius Julianus
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070205062029/http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/julianus.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20060511154451/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1761.html
Nobility from Milan
Roman-era inhabitants of Italy
2nd-century Romans
Severus, Quintus Petronius
Didius Severus, Quintus |
Davao del Sur's 2nd congressional district is an obsolete congressional district in Davao del Sur for the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1987 to 2016. The district encompassed eight southern local government units of the previously undivided province, most of which now constitute the province of Davao Occidental. It was created ahead of the 1987 Philippine House of Representatives elections following the ratification of the 1987 constitution which established two districts for Davao del Sur and another three districts for Davao City. Prior to the 1987 apportionment, Davao del Sur residents elected their representatives to the national legislatures on a provincewide basis through the Davao del Sur's at-large congressional district. The district was last contested at the 2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections. Davao del Sur returned to electing its representatives at-large in 2016 after losing most of its southern territory to the province of Davao Occidental created by Republic Act No. 10360 on January 4, 2013.
Representation history
See also
Legislative districts of Davao del Sur
References
Former congressional districts of the Philippines
Politics of Davao del Sur
1987 establishments in the Philippines
2016 disestablishments in the Philippines
Congressional districts of the Davao Region
Constituencies established in 1987
Constituencies disestablished in 2016 |
The house at 356 Albany Avenue (NY 32) in Kingston, New York, United States is a frame house built near the end of the 19th century. It is in the Queen Anne architectural style.
Its front facade has some classically inspired ornament, dating it to the "Free Classical" phase of the Queen Anne style, a precursor to the Colonial Revival style that became popular in the early 20th century. In 2002 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Property
The house is on a lot on the east side of the street, at the southeast corner of the Wiltwyck Avenue intersection. The neighborhood is residential.
It is a two-and-a-half-story building on a stone foundation, sided in clapboard on the first story and shingles on the second. The two stories are divided by a belt course, above which the walls flare. Above the roofline, marked by a molded cornice and denticulated cornice, is a steeply pitched hipped roof pierced by a gabled dormer window on the west (front) elevation.
The front facade has a wooden porch on its north section and a projecting bay on its southern third. Broad Doric columns support the porch's shed roof and plain entablature. An offset pedimented gable surmounts the main steps, with laurel and garland in the tympanum, echoed between the two windows above and the dormer gable. Bay windows of three and four units respectively mark the two stories on the south. Above them a projecting pedimented gable has a small Palladian window at its center.
The south profile is less decorated, with two groups of windows and a lancet on the first floor comprising its fenestration. On the east (rear) is a small single-story extension covered by a hipped roof. The north side, facing Wiltwyck Avenue, has an unusual six-panel stair light. Above it is more classical decoration, a detailed cornice with a swag-ornamented frieze. It is accompanied by a three-paneled bay window similar to the one on the south of the front elevation and a centrally located gabled dormer in the roof, as well.
At the main entrance, paneled entrance doors in a finely crafted floral motif open into a vestibule/stair hall. The stair is the one accompanying the light on the north side, and it has finely crafted balusters and paneling. The central hall is lit by the bay window to the north and a Queen Anne window on the rear. From there an archway leads to the south parlor, with parquet flooring and a period fireplace and mantel. The second floor also retains its original plan and finish, including most of the woodwork.
Behind the house is a carriage house built at the same time, now used as a garage. It is considered a contributing resource to the property's historic character and thus is included in the National Register listing.
History and aesthetics
Like nearby 313 Albany Avenue, built the previous year, 356 Albany reflects the Free Classical phase of the Queen Anne style. One of the most common modes for upscale late Victorian homes, the style was an attempt to evoke the first years of the 18th century in England, when medieval buildings were updated with decorative touches. In the late 19th century, the style was typified by a complex interplay of forms and contrasts in colors and surface textures, all of which are present in 356 Albany.
In the last years of the century, architects expanded the style's ornamental vocabulary to include classical elements, such as the house's porch columns and the laurel-and-garland motif on the east facade. The use of Georgian elements, most notably the Palladian window seen both here and at 313 Albany, was another sign of the maturing style. In the U.S., these eventually led to the wider embrace of mid-18th century forms and the Colonial Revival. The original owner of the house is not known, but it was clearly someone of a socioeconomic stature that could afford to build in the most contemporary style of the day, with elaborate interior detailing (also found at 313 Albany). It has remained a private residence since its construction.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Ulster County, New York
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses in Ulster County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Ulster County, New York
Queen Anne architecture in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1897
Kingston, New York |
Asti Calcio Football Club S.r.l. is an Italian association football club based in Asti, Piedmont. The FIGC registration number of the club was 81,850.
History
Founded officially in 1932 under the name Associazione Calcio Asti (in short: A.C. Asti), the club changed its name several times in subsequent years because of mergers with local clubs. The club participated in Serie C league in the past.
In 2006, the club changed the name from A.C. Asti to A.C.D. Asti Colligiana.
The club reverted to original name A.C.D. Asti during the celebrations for the 75th year of operation in 2008. The club later incorporated as a società a responsabilità limitata as S.D. Asti Calcio S.r.l.. Asti also partnered with Torino F.C. in youth football in 2013.
The club finished as the 14th of the Group A in the 2014–15 Serie D season.
At the start of 2015–16 Serie D season the club was expelled from the league by FIGC's Co.Vi.So.D., due to the club's financial position. The club had appealed to CONI's Collegio di Garanzia dello Sport, however, the court rejected the appeal and confirming FIGC's decision. In that transfer window, the club also attempted to split into two legal persons, leaving only one legal person to bear the debt. At the same time, the club attempted to merge with Prima Categoria club A.S.D. Sandamianese Asti. It was reported that the attempt to transfer the debt was failed. Asti also changed the name to Asti Calcio F.C. S.r.l.. While Sandamianese became A.S.D. Pro Asti Sandamianese, and relocated from San Damiano d'Asti to Asti. Asti was admitted to Lega Nazionale Dilettanti's (LND) Promozione - Piedmont - Aosta Valley division - Group D instead in September 2015.
In May 2017, the club was penalized 2 points, to be applied to 2017–18 season. A shareholder and director of Asti, Pier Paolo Gherlone was also investigated by the FIGC. Gherlone also owned Pro Asti Sandamianese until 2017.
Asti Calcio F.C. bankrupted in 2017.
Asti's FIGC membership was finally revoked in December 2017. While the membership of the spin-off, Pro Asti Sandamianese, was also cancelled in 2019 due to inactivity.
Colors and badge
The team's colors are white and red.
Phoenix clubs
Another club, Colline Alfieri Don Bosco (FIGC registration number: 63519) was renamed to A.S.D. Alfieri Asti as an illegitimate phoenix club. In 2019 the club was renamed to A.S.D. Asti. The club has no relation to yet another club, Don Bosco Asti. The club played in Eccellenza Piedmont-Aosta Valley since 2017 (as of 2019–20 season).
References
Football clubs in Piedmont and Aosta Valley
Association football clubs established in 1932
Association football clubs disestablished in 2017
Serie C clubs
1932 establishments in Italy
2017 disestablishments in Italy
Asti |
Wesley Clapp was an American college football coach. He was the head football coach at Kalamazoo College in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He held that position for the 1904 season. His coaching record at Kalamazoo was 1–6.
Head coaching record
References
Year of death missing
Year of birth missing
Kalamazoo Hornets football coaches |
J. T. Brown may refer to:
Two Yorkshire cricketers, both John Thomas Brown:
Jack Brown (cricketer) (1869–1904), cricketer for Yorkshire and England
John Brown (cricketer, born 1874) (1874–1950), cricketer for Yorkshire
J. T. Brown (musician) (1918–1969), American tenor saxophonist of the Chicago blues era
J. T. Brown (ice hockey) (born 1990), American ice hockey player |
Waldniel is a village, part of the municipality Schwalmtal in the district Viersen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has 11,750 inhabitants (December 2020).
History
The first humans lived at the location of the modern Waldniel in the neolithic (2000 v. Chr.) In 1020, this place was first mentioned in a document.
Geography
The Kranenbach flows through Waldniel.
Notable residents
Albin Windhausen (1863–1946), painter
Josef Windhausen (1888–1946), local politician (CDU)
Heinz Küppenbender (1901–1989), manager
Ludwig Gabriel Schrieber (1907–1975), sculptor, painter and draughtsman
Ernst van Aaken (1910–1984), sports physician and trainer
Rudi Fuesers (1928–2010), trombonist of modern jazz
Herbert Dörenberg (born 1945), football coach and former professional footballer
Stefan Berger (born 1969), Member of Parliament, Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
Bernhard Rösler (1906–1973), entrepreneur, honorary citizen of the municipality of Schwalmtal (1972)
Joachim "Joko" Winterscheidt (born 1979), actor and presenter (grew up in Waldniel)
Karl Oelers (1913–1971), manufacturer
References
Villages in North Rhine-Westphalia |
Francis August Schaeffer (January 30, 1912 – May 15, 1984) was an American evangelical theologian, philosopher, and Presbyterian pastor. He co-founded the L'Abri community in Switzerland with his wife Edith Schaeffer, , a prolific author in her own right. Opposed to theological modernism, Schaeffer promoted what he claimed was a more historic Protestant faith and a presuppositional approach to Christian apologetics, which he believed would answer the questions of the age.
Biography
Schaeffer was born on January 30, 1912, in Germantown, Pennsylvania, to Franz A. Schaeffer III and Bessie Williamson. He was of German and English ancestry.
In 1935, Schaeffer graduated magna cum laude from Hampden–Sydney College. The same year he married Edith Seville, the daughter of missionary parents who had been with the China Inland Mission founded by Hudson Taylor. Schaeffer then enrolled at Westminster Theological Seminary in the fall and studied under Cornelius Van Til (presuppositional apologetics) and J. Gresham Machen (doctrine of inerrancy).
In 1937, Schaeffer transferred to Faith Theological Seminary, graduating in 1938. This seminary was newly formed as a result of a split between the Presbyterian Church of America (now the Orthodox Presbyterian Church) and the Bible Presbyterian Church, a Presbyterian denomination more identified with Fundamentalist Christianity and premillennialism. Schaeffer was the first student to graduate and the first to be ordained in the Bible Presbyterian Church. He served pastorates in Pennsylvania (Grove City and Chester) and St. Louis, Missouri. Schaeffer eventually sided with the Bible Presbyterian Church Columbus Synod following the BPC Collingswood and BPC Columbus split in 1956. BPC Columbus reorganized as the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in 1961, and Schaeffer followed the EPC into the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod when the Bible Presbyterian Church's Columbus Synod merged with the Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod in 1965, a denomination which would merge with the Presbyterian Church in America, in 1982.
In 1948, the Schaeffer family moved to Switzerland and in 1955 established the community called L'Abri (French for "the shelter"). Serving as both a philosophy seminar and a spiritual community, L'Abri attracted thousands of young people, and was later expanded into Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Schaeffer received numerous honorary degrees. In 1954, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Highland College in Long Beach, California. In 1971, he received an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Gordon College in Wenham, Massachusetts. In 1982, John Warwick Montgomery nominated Schaeffer for an honorary Doctor of Laws degree, which was conferred in 1983 by the Simon Greenleaf School of Law, Anaheim, California in recognition of his apologetic writings and ministry.
Schaeffer died of lymphoma on May 15, 1984, in Rochester, Minnesota. He opened a L'Abri branch there before his death. Schaeffer Academy, a private K-12 school in Rochester, is named after him.
Family relationships
In Crazy for God, Schaeffer's son Frank presents a portrait of his father that is far more nuanced and multi-dimensional than was suggested by his public persona. He states, for example, that Schaeffer's primary passions in life were not the Bible and theology but rather art and culture. "And what moved him was not theology but beauty". Schaeffer's son claims he had frequent bouts with depression and a verbally and physically abusive relationship with his wife, Edith. Those in the inner circle at L'Abri challenge Frank's account. Os Guinness, who lived with the Schaeffers and was a close friend of both the younger and elder Schaeffer, described Crazy for God as a "scurrilous caricature" and said, "[N]o one should take Frank's allegations at face value."
Frank Schaeffer initially supported his father's ideas and political program, but has since distanced himself from many of those views, first converting to the Eastern Orthodox Church and later becoming a liberal and a self described "atheist who believes in God."
Apologetics
Schaeffer's approach to Christian apologetics was primarily influenced by Herman Dooyeweerd, Edward John Carnell, and Cornelius Van Til, but he was not known to be a strict presuppositionalist in the Van Tillian tradition. His approach to culture was heavily influenced by his friendship with Hans Rookmaaker. In a 1948 article in The Bible Today, Schaeffer explained his own apologetics and how he walked a middle path between evidentialism and presuppositionalism, noting that "If the unsaved man was consistent he would be an atheist in religion, an irrationalist in philosophy (including a complete uncertainty concerning 'natural laws'), and completely a-moral in the widest sense." J. Budziszewski summarizes the article about this middle path approach by writing:
Schaeffer came to use this middle path as the basis for his method of evangelism which he called "Taking the roof off". An example of Taking the roof off in written form can be found in Schaeffer's work entitled Death in the City. Nancy Pearcey also describes two books by Schaeffer, Escape From Reason and The God Who Is There in this way:
Influence of Rushdoony
In the 1960s Schaeffer read the works of Reconstructionist theologian Rousas John Rushdoony with appreciation, and according to Barry Hankins, "it is quite likely that Schaeffer's belief that the United States was founded on a Christian base came in part from Rushdoony." Schaeffer later lost this fervor because Rushdoony was a postmillennialist (holding the doctrine that the kingdom of God will be built on earth before the second coming of Jesus) while Schaeffer was a premillennialist (holding that the kingdom of God will only be ushered in with the second coming). Further Schaeffer thought that Rushdoony's system would require a merger of church and state, which he opposed. He held that the principles, not the actual details, of Old Testament civil law were applicable under the New Covenant of Jesus. He wrote "The moral law [of the Old Testament], of course, is constant, but the civil law only was operative for the Old Testament theocracy. I do not think there is any indication of a theocracy in the New Testament until Christ returns as king."
Legacy
The Francis A. Schaeffer Foundation in Gryon, Switzerland is led by one of his daughters and sons-in-law as a small-scale alternative to the original L'Abri Fellowship International, which is still operating in nearby Huemoz-sur-Ollon and other places in the world. Covenant Theological Seminary has established the Francis A. Schaeffer Institute directed by a former English L'Abri member, Jerram Barrs. The purpose of the school is to train Christians to demonstrate compassionately and defend reasonably what they see as the claims of Christ on all of life.
According to Michael Hamilton of Christianity Today, "Perhaps no intellectual save C. S. Lewis affected the thinking of evangelicals more profoundly [than Francis Schaeffer]; perhaps no leader of the period save Billy Graham left a deeper stamp on the movement as a whole."
Institute of Church Leadership
In 1978, Schaeffer asked a group of Reformed Episcopal Clergy to research his thoughts and current trends, forming a church guild called "The Society of Reformed Philosophical Thinkers". This was merged in 1988 with "Into Thy Word Ministries", which was then transformed into "The Francis A. Schaeffer Institute of Church Leadership Development" in 1998. Its purpose is to strategize how to reach and train pastors and church leaders to focus on Christ centered principles. Its aim is to point the church back to "true-Truth" and "true spirituality". The foundation develops comprehensive curriculum for pastors, church planters and church leaders.
Political activism
Francis Schaeffer is credited with helping spark a return to political activism among Protestant evangelicals and fundamentalists in the late 1970s and early 1980s, especially in relation to the issue of abortion. In his memoir Crazy for God, Schaeffer's son Frank takes credit for pressing his father to take on the abortion issue, which Schaeffer initially considered "too political". Schaeffer called for a challenge to what he saw as the increasing influence of secular humanism. Schaeffer's views were expressed in two works, his book entitled A Christian Manifesto, as well as the book and film series, Whatever Happened to the Human Race?.
A Christian Manifesto
Schaeffer's book A Christian Manifesto was published in 1981 and later delivered as a sermon in 1982. It was intended as a Christian answer to The Communist Manifesto of 1848 and the Humanist Manifesto documents of 1933 and 1973. Schaeffer's diagnosis is that the decline of Western Civilization is due to society having become increasingly pluralistic, resulting in a shift "away from a world view that was at least vaguely Christian in people's memory… toward something completely different." Schaeffer argues that there is a philosophical struggle between the people of God and the secular humanists. In the sermon version of the book, Schaeffer defines secular humanism as the worldview where "man is the measure of all things". He claims that critics of the Christian right miss the mark by confusing the "humanist religion" with humanitarianism, the humanities, or love of humans. He describes the conflict with secular humanism as a battle in which "these two religions, Christianity and humanism, stand over against each other as totalities." He writes that the decline of commitment to objective truth that he perceives in the various institutions of society is "not because of a conspiracy, but because the church has forsaken its duty to be the salt of the culture."
He then suggests that similar tactics be used to stop abortion. But Schaeffer argues he is not talking about a theocracy:
Christian Reconstructionists Gary North and David Chilton were highly critical of A Christian Manifesto and Schaeffer.
Their critical comments were prompted, they wrote, by the popularity of Schaeffer's book. They suggested that Schaeffer supports pluralism because he sees the First Amendment as freedom of religion for all; and they themselves reject pluralism. Pointing out negative statements Schaeffer made about theocracy, North and Chilton then explain why they promote it. They extend their criticism of Schaeffer:
Influence on Christian conservatives
Christian conservative leaders such as Tim LaHaye have credited Schaeffer for influencing their theological arguments urging political participation by evangelicals.
Beginning in the 1990s, critics began exploring the intellectual and ideological connection between Schaeffer's political activism and writings of the early 1980s to contemporary religious-political trends in the Christian Right, sometimes grouped under the name Dominionism, with mixed conclusions.
Sara Diamond and Frederick Clarkson have written articles tracing the activism of numerous key figures in the Christian Right to the influence of Francis Schaeffer. According to Diamond: "The idea of taking dominion over secular society gained widespread currency with the 1981 publication of...Schaeffer's book A Christian Manifesto. The book sold 290,000 copies in its first year, and it remains one of the movement's most frequently cited texts."
Diamond summarizes the book and its importance to the Christian Right:
In A Christian Manifesto, Schaeffer's argument is simple. The United States began as a nation rooted in Biblical principles. But as society became more pluralistic, with each new wave of immigrants, proponents of a new philosophy of secular humanism gradually came to dominate debate on policy issues. Since humanists place human progress, not God, at the center of their considerations, they pushed American culture in all manner of ungodly directions, the most visible results of which included legalized abortion and the secularization of the public schools. At the end of -- A Christian Manifesto, Schaeffer calls for Christians to use civil disobedience to restore Biblical morality, which explains Schaeffer's popularity with groups like Operation Rescue. Randall Terry has credited Schaeffer as a major influence in his life.
Frederick Clarkson explains that this had practical applications:
"Francis Schaeffer is widely credited with providing the impetus for Protestant evangelical political action against abortion. For example, Randall Terry, the founder of Operation Rescue, says: "You have to read Schaeffer's Christian Manifesto if you want to understand Operation Rescue." Schaeffer, a longtime leader in Rev. Carl McIntire's splinter denomination, the Bible Presbyterian Church, was a reader of Reconstructionist literature but has been reluctant to acknowledge its influence. Indeed, Schaeffer and his followers specifically rejected the modern application of Old Testament law."
Analyses of Schaeffer as the major intellectual influence on Dominionism can be found in the works of authors such as Diamond and Chip Berlet. Other authors argue against a close connection with dominionism, for example Irving Hexham of the University of Calgary, who maintains that Schaeffer's political position has been misconstrued as advocating the Dominionist views of R. J. Rushdoony, who is a Christian Reconstructionist. Hexham indicates that Schaeffer's essential philosophy was derived from Herman Dooyeweerd, not Rushdoony, and that Hans Rookmaaker introduced Schaeffer to his writings. Dooyeweerd was a Dutch legal scholar and philosopher, following in the footsteps of Neo-Calvinist Abraham Kuyper.
Congresswoman and 2012 United States presidential candidate Michele Bachmann has cited Schaeffer's documentary series How Should We Then Live? as having a "profound influence" on her life and that of her husband Marcus.
Writings
Francis A. Schaeffer wrote twenty-two books, which covering a range of issues. They can be roughly split into five sections, as in the edition of his Complete Works ():
A Christian View of Philosophy and Culture: The first three books in this block are known as Schaeffer's "trilogy", laying down the apologetical, philosophical, epistemological, and theological foundation for all his work.
The God Who Is There: Deals with the existence and relevance of God, and how modern man came to first distance himself from, and ultimately disbelieve, God as revealed by the Bible.
Escape from Reason: How the rejection of the biblical God causes man to lose contact with reality and reason.
He Is There and He Is Not Silent: How God speaks to man through the Bible on the three philosophically fundamental areas of metaphysics, morals, and epistemology.
Back to Freedom and Dignity: An answer to B.F. Skinner's Beyond Freedom and Dignity, arguing that freedom and dignity of man are God-given and therefore can't be left aside without dire consequences.
A Christian View of the Bible as Truth
Genesis in Space and Time: Argues that the historical (as opposed to literalist or figurative) view of Genesis as historically true is fundamental to the Christian faith.
No Final Conflict
Joshua and the Flow of Biblical History
Basic Bible Studies: Biblical studies on the fundamentals of the faith.
Art and the Bible
A Christian View of Spirituality
No Little People: Argues that Christians should never despair of having a significant life of realizations, small as they seem to be.
True Spirituality: The spiritual foundation for Schaeffer's work, as a complement to the theological and philosophical approach of most other books. Useful for gaining a balanced view of the whole of Schaeffer's life and ministry.
The New Super-Spirituality: Claims the intellectual decadence of students and the counter-culture from the late sixties to the early seventies can be traced back to the conformism of their fathers, only with fewer moral absolutes, and predicts the contamination of the church. Offers an analysis of Postmodernism.
Two Contents, Two Realities: First presented as a position paper at the First International Congress on World Evangelization at Lausanne, Switzerland in 1974.
A Christian View of the Church
The Church at the End of the Twentieth Century
The Church Before the Watching World
The Mark of the Christian: Analyzes the balance between the holiness of God and the love of God in the spiritual life of the Bible-believing Christian.
Death in the City
The Great Evangelical Disaster
A Christian View of the West
Pollution and the Death of Man. A Christian response to issues concerning ecology.
How Should We Then Live? The Rise and Decline of Western Thought and Culture. This is also a film/video series produced and directed by his son Frank Schaeffer.
Whatever Happened to the Human Race? (with future Surgeon General Dr. C. Everett Koop). A Christian response to abortion, euthanasia, and infanticide. This is also a film/video series produced and directed by his son Frank Schaeffer.
A Christian Manifesto: Christian principles for secular politics.
In addition to his books, one of the last public lectures Schaeffer delivered was at the Law Faculty, University of Strasbourg. It was published as "Christian Faith and Human Rights", The Simon Greenleaf Law Review, 2 (1982–83) pp. 3–12. Most of his writings during his Bible Presbyterian days have not been collected, nor reprinted in decades.
In addition to the five volume Complete Works listed above there were also two books by Dr. Schaeffer published after his death:
Dennis, Lane T. (ed) Letters of Francis A. Schaeffer, Crossway Books, Westchester, 1985.
Schaeffer, Francis A. The Finished Work of Christ: The Truth of Romans 1–8, Crossway Books, Wheaton, 1998.
Films
Schaeffer was persuaded to adapt his book How Should We Then Live? The Rise and Decline of Western Thought and Culture to film by Gospel Films, Inc. CEO and executive evangelical media producer Billy Zeoli who pitched the idea of hiring Schaeffer's then recently married son, teenage father, and painter Frank Schaeffer as a producer for the film project. Zeoli was instrumental in providing the Schaeffers with introductions to wealthy American evangelicals who would eventually bankroll the How We Should Then Live film project. This book is still being read and used today in American Universities as well as in various small group studies to help shed light on the contemporary cultural problems of the past and how they have led to many of the issues that America is facing today. Issues such as race, apathy, abortion, and the non-compassionate use of wealth are topics still relevant today. Schaeffer argues that the humanist base for morals is fundamentally a weak base upon which to build a moral framework for society. By contrast, the Bible, understood as the revealed revelation from God is able to provide a fundamentally sound basis for societal norms as well as a base for science. The president of Christian Leaders Institute (CLI), Henry Reyenga Jr., secured rights to post this film series in an ethics class at CLI. This freemium ministry training school lists "deceased" Francis Schaeffer on its faculty.
The American distribution of the book and film was responsible for bringing many evangelical Protestants into the then largely Roman Catholic public protest movement against the United States Supreme Court Roe v. Wade decision, supporting legal abortion in the United States.
How Should We Then Live? The Rise and Decline of Western Thought and Culture (1976). Frank Schaeffer produced his father Francis Schaeffer's film series, which was released with a book by the same title.
Whatever Happened to the Human Race? (1979). A Christian response to abortion, euthanasia, and infanticide, narrated by Francis Schaeffer and future Surgeon General Dr. C. Everett Koop; it was released with a book by the same title.
Notes
Cited sources
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Further reading
Bazinek, Leonore, "Schaeffer, Francis A. (1912-1984)", in Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon Vol. 8, 1398–1405.
Bazinek, Leonore, "Das Problem der Erkenntnis von Wahrheit im Feld der Begegnung von pluralistischer und biblisch-christlicher Weltanschauung, Regensburg: Roderer, 1990.
Boa, Kenneth D., and Robert M. Bowman, Faith Has Its Reasons: An Integrative Approach to Defending Christianity, NAV Press, Colorado Springs, 2001.
Burson, Scott R. and Jerry L. Walls. C.S. Lewis and Francis Schaeffer: Lessons for a New Century from the Most Influential Apologists of Our Time. Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 1998.
Coward, Harold, Pluralism: The Challenge to World Religions, Orbis Books, Maryknoll, 1986.
Cunningham, Stuart, "Towards A Critique of Francis Schaeffer's Thought", Interchange, 24 (1978) pp. 205–21.
Dennis, Lane T. (ed) Francis A. Schaeffer: Portraits of the Man and His Work, Crossway, Westchester, 1986.
Follis, Bryan A., Truth With Love: Apologetics of Francis Schaeffer, Crossway, Wheaton, 2006.
Fowler, Robert Booth, A New Engagement: Evangelical Political Thought 1966–1976, William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1982.
Hankins, Barry, Francis Schaeffer And the Shaping of Evangelical America, Wm. B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 2008.
Hexham, Irving, "The Evangelical Response to the New Age", in Perspectives on the New Age, edited by James R. Lewis & J. Gordon Melton, State University of New York Press, Albany, New York, 1992, pp. 152–63.
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Morris, Thomas V., Francis Schaeffer's Apologetics: A Critique, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, 1987.
Parkhurst, Louis Gifford, Francis Schaeffer: The Man and His Message, Tyndale House, Wheaton, 1985.
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Ramsey, George W., The Quest for the Historical Israel, SCM Press, London, 1982, pp. 107–15.
Roper, D. L., "A Sympathetic Criticism of Francis Schaeffer's Writings", Interchange, 41 (1987) pp. 41–55.
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External links
L'Abri Fellowship International
The Francis A. Schaeffer Foundation
Continuing work of Francis A. Schaeffer
Continuing the Legacy and Influence of Francis Schaeffer with New Research and Findings
The Francis A. Schaeffer Institute of Church Leadership Development
Cybershelter
Schaeffer's Papers at the PCA Historical Center
The Francis Schaeffer Institute at Covenant Seminary
The L'Abri Network, Free Online Biographies on Francis and Edith Schaeffer
The Shelter, a site dedicated to the thought and writings of Schaeffer
Francis Schaeffer Studies, a site dedicated to the study of the Works of Francis Schaeffer
Schaeffer, Francis (1982). A Christian Manifesto – Lecture based on book.
Anthony Oughton's article in Evangelical Times offers an evangelical perspective on Schaeffer and his influence on contemporaries including Edgar and Barrs.
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The women's shot put event at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics was held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo on July 15.
Results
References
Results
2004 African Championships in Athletics
Shot put at the African Championships in Athletics
2004 in women's athletics |
Yuma is a 2012 Polish-Czech action film directed by Piotr Mularuk.
Cast
Jakub Gierszał - Zyga
Krzysztof Skonieczny - Kula (Bullet)
Jakub Kamieński - Młot (Hammer)
Tomasz Kot - Opat (Abbot)
Katarzyna Figura - Halinka
- Majka
Helena Sujecka − Bajadera
Malwina Wasilewska − Klara
Jerzy Schejbal − Zyga's father
Aldona Struzik − Zyga's mother
Kazimierz Mazur − Rysio
Tomasz Schuchardt − Ernest
Zbigniew Stryj − Shopkeeper in Frankfuhrt
Przemysław Bluszcz − Mayor
References
External links
2012 action films
Polish action films
Czech action films |
Malaysia participated in the 2021 Southeast Asian Games in Hanoi, Vietnam from 12 to 23 May 2022. The Malaysian contingent consisted of 584 athletes, competing in 37 out 40 sports (all except Handball, Vovinam and Wrestling), 58 percent of which are debutants.
Background
Preparations
Datuk Haji Hamidin Haji Mohd Amin, President of the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) was initially appointed as the delegation's Chef de Mission on 9 March 2021. However, he resigned to focus on his responsibilities as deputy president of Olympic Council of Malaysia (OCM), and was replaced by Malaysian Karate Federation (MAKAF) secretary-general, Datuk Paduka Nur Azmi Ahmad for the position on 14 September 2021.
On 29 December 2021, the OCM Selection Committee under the Chairmanship of OCM President Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Norza Zakaria held a meeting to discuss the selection criteria for the 2021 Southeast Asian Games and decided that:
For individual sports, athletes must be at least in the top three of their respective events to qualify as Category A, and top six as Category B (reduced from top eight due to tightened criteria);
For team sports, a team needs to be in top four to be considered under Category A;
The Committee will utilise competitions from 2018 to February 2022 as basis for selection; And,
The deadline for entry by name will be on 12 March 2022.
On 23 April 2022, the OCM announced diver Nur Dhabitah Sabri to be the flag bearer at the Opening Ceremony and unveiled a new set of apparel for the national delegation sponsored by Yonex-Sunrise and made from TruVapor, a type of multi-groove micropolyester fibre which absorbs and dispels sweat quickly; subsequently lowering body temperature.
During the flag handover ceremony at Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur on 27 April 2022, Malaysian Youth and Sports Minister Ahmad Faizal Azumu announced the 146-medal target for the delegation, which consists of 36 gold, 35 silver and 75 bronze medals. Several factors were taken into consideration when setting the target, such as the lack of events which the national delegation is capable of winning medals, as well as the constraints due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the postponement and cancellation of many tournaments worldwide.
Broadcasters
Medal summary
Medal by sport
Medal by date
Medalists
Archery
Recurve
Compound
Athletics
Men
Women
Badminton
Malaysia will be sending a total 20 badminton players, 10 players per gender.
Men
Women
Mixed
Basketball
Basketball 3x3
Basketball 5x5
Billiards
Men
Women
Bodybuilding
Bowling
Chess
Men
Women
Cycling
Mountain biking
Road cycling
Dancesport
Diving
Malaysia will be sending a total of 12 divers, 7 male and 5 female.
Men
Women
Esports
Fencing
Men
Women
Finswimming
Men
Women
Mixed
Football
Malaysia will only be participating in the men's tournament, sending a total of 20 players.
Futsal
Golf
Individual
Team
Gymnastics
Artistic
Men
All-around
Apparatus Finals
Women
All-around
Apparatus Finals
Rhythmic
Individual and Group Qualification
Karate
Kata
Kumite
Kickboxing
Men
Women
Judo
Jujitsu
Kurash
Muay Thai
Pencak silat
Seni
Tanding
Pétanque
Shooting
Doubles
Triples
Rowing
Men
Sepak takraw
Men
Women
Shooting
Swimming
Men
Women
Table tennis
Men
Women
Mixed
Team
Taekwondo
Tennis
Men
Women
Mixed
Triathlon
Triathlon
Duathlon
Volleyball
Beach
Indoor
Weightlifting
Men
Women
Wushu
Taolu
Sanda
Xiangqi
Men
Women
References
2022 in Malaysian sport
2021
Nations at the 2021 SEA Games |
The Bezdna (; ) is a river in Tatarstan, Russian Federation, a left-bank tributary of the Volga, flowing into the Kuybyshev Reservoir near Kuralovo, Spassky District. It is long, and its drainage basin covers .
The maximal mineralization is 300–500 mg/L. The average sediment deposition at the river mouth is per year. In 1963 the average discharge was . The town of Spassk, the ancestor of modern Bolgar stood on the river prior to 1956. In 1956–57 the Kuybyshev reservoir was created, flooding the town and the lower stream of Bezdna.
References
Rivers of Tatarstan |
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