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Gene Dub (born September 20, 1943) is a Canadian architect and former politician. Born in Edmonton, Dub is a first generation Ukrainian-Canadian. Dub created his own architecture firm, Dub Architects in 1975, and served on Edmonton City Council from 1977 to 1980.
Dub is noted for his award-winning residential architecture, including condo conversions, and the historic restoration and adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. His most well-known building is Edmonton City Hall, which was completed in 1992. He is also known for his 2008 competition entry to create crystalline welcome features for the City of Edmonton which was narrowly defeated by city council, and his 2009 proposal for a new downtown arena district. He was inducted as a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 2014.
Works
References
External links
Dub Architects
Alberta's Real Estate - Gene Dub
Biographies of Mayors and Councillors - Edmonton Public Library
Canadian architects
Edmonton city councillors
Canadian people of Ukrainian descent
Living people
1943 births
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts |
This article documents the history of Chelsea Football Club, an English association football team based in Fulham, West London. For a general overview of the club, see Chelsea F.C.
The late 1970s through to the '80s was a turbulent period for Chelsea. An ambitious redevelopment of Stamford Bridge threatened the financial stability of the club, star players were sold and the team were relegated. Further problems were caused by a notorious hooligan element among the support, which was to plague the club throughout the decade. In 1982, Chelsea were, at the nadir of their fortunes, acquired by Ken Bates for the nominal sum of £1, although by now the Stamford Bridge freehold had been sold to property developers, meaning the club faced losing their home. On the pitch, the team had fared little better, coming close to relegation to the Third Division for the first time, but in 1983 manager John Neal put together an impressive new team for minimal outlay. Chelsea won the Second Division title in 1983–84 and established themselves in the top division with two top-six finishes, before being relegated again in 1988. The club bounced back immediately by winning the Second Division championship in 1988–89.
After a long-running legal battle, Bates reunited the stadium freehold with the club in 1992 by doing a deal with the banks of the property developers, who had been bankrupted by a market crash. Chelsea's form in the new Premier League was unconvincing, although they did reach the 1994 FA Cup Final. The appointment of Ruud Gullit as player-manager in 1996 began an upturn in the team's fortunes. He added several top international players to the side and led the club to their first major honour since 1971, the FA Cup. Gullit was replaced by Gianluca Vialli, whose reign saw Chelsea win the League Cup, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Super Cup in 1998, and the FA Cup in 2000. They also mounted a strong title challenge in 1998–99, finishing four points behind champions Manchester United, and made their first appearance in the UEFA Champions League. Vialli was sacked in favour of Claudio Ranieri, who guided Chelsea to the 2002 FA Cup Final and Champions League qualification in 2002–03.
Revival (1983–89)
The summer of 1983 marked a turning point in Chelsea's history. Manager John Neal made a series of signings who were to be crucial in turning around the club's fortunes. In came striker Kerry Dixon from Reading, skillful winger Pat Nevin from Clyde, midfielder Nigel Spackman from AFC Bournemouth and goalkeeper Eddie Niedzwiecki from Wrexham in addition to John Hollins returning as player-coach, all for a combined total of less than £500,000. Dixon struck up a prolific strike partnership with fellow Neal signing David Speedie and both linked up well with Nevin, a combination that would produce almost 200 goals in three years.
The new-look Chelsea began the 1983–84 season with a 5–0 win against Derby County on the opening day and romped to promotion; among the highlights were a 5–3 win at Fulham and a 4–0 win over Kevin Keegan's Newcastle United. After a dip in form around Christmas, Neal signed winger Mickey Thomas and Chelsea did not lose another game that season. Dixon hit 36 goals in all competitions – a seasonal tally bettered only by Bobby Tambling and Jimmy Greaves – and promotion was sealed with another 5–0 win over old adversaries Leeds United. The team were crowned Second Division champions on the final day with a win away at Grimsby Town, with some 10,000 Chelsea fans making the trip to Lincolnshire.
Upon their return to the First Division, Chelsea were unlikely European contenders in 1984–85, eventually finishing sixth, although the events at Heysel that season rendered European qualification moot. They were also on course to reach their third League Cup final, drawing relegation candidates Sunderland in the semi-finals. Ex-Chelsea winger Clive Walker, however, inspired his team to a 3–2 win at Stamford Bridge to seal a 5–2 aggregate win for Sunderland, which was followed by a near-riot; the game continued with mounted police and supporters on the pitch, with the violence later spilling over onto the streets. Neal retired at the end of the season due to ill health, and was replaced by Hollins.
The 1984–85 season is also notable for the erection of an electric perimeter fence around the pitch at Stamford Bridge, the response of chairman Ken Bates to regular pitch invasions and fights during matches. The local council, however, refused permission for the electric supply to the fence to be switched on, and it was dismantled within months of being erected.
In Hollins' first season, Chelsea challenged for the title, topping the table in February, but long-term injuries to Dixon and Niedzwiecki, combined with a poor run of results, especially during the Easter period, during which the side conceded ten goals in two games, appeared to end their chances. A 2–1 win over Manchester United at Old Trafford and another by the same scoreline over West Ham at Upton Park – effectively denying the latter the title – left Chelsea three points behind leaders Liverpool with five games remaining. One point from the remaining fixtures, however, denied them the title and they finished sixth again. In the same season, the inaugural Full Members Cup was won with a 5–4 win over Manchester City at Wembley, thanks to a Speedie hat-trick and in spite of the opposition fighting back from 1–5 down.
Following this new beginning, the form of the side slumped again, finishing 14th in the next season. The spirit of the side began to disintegrate after Hollins and his assistant Ernie Walley fell out with several key players, notably Speedie and Spackman, who were subsequently sold. Hollins was sacked in March the following season with the side again in relegation trouble. Bobby Campbell took over in March but could not prevent Chelsea's relegation via the short-lived play-off system with a loss to Middlesbrough, a match which was again followed by crowd trouble and an attempted pitch invasion, resulting in a six-match closure of the terraces the following season. Nevertheless, the club bounced back immediately and emphatically, despite failing to win any of their opening six league games, and were promoted as Second Division champions with 99 points, 17 points clear of nearest rivals Manchester City. Importantly, Chelsea had managed to hang onto striker Kerry Dixon, who had a similarly prolific new partner up front in the shape of Gordon Durie, and Chelsea entered the 1990s as a First Division side.
The 1990s: back on track
Chelsea had an impressive return to the First Division in 1989–90. Campbell guided a squad of mostly unremarkable players to a creditable fifth place in the final table. Although the ban on English clubs in European football was lifted that year, Chelsea missed out on a UEFA Cup place because the only English place in the competition that year went to league runners-up Aston Villa. In the same season, he led Chelsea to their second Full Members Cup success, with a 1–0 win over Middlesbrough in the final at Wembley. Despite recruiting the club's first million pound players, Dennis Wise and Andy Townsend, the next season proved a disappointment, as Chelsea finished 11th in the First Division and were knocked out of both cups by lower league opposition.
Campbell was promoted to general manager at the end of the season; he was succeeded as team manager by first team coach Ian Porterfield. Porterfield's tenure began brightly and the team were 6th in February, but a poor run of results in the final months of the season meant they finished a disappointing 14th. Meanwhile, a run to the FA Cup quarter-finals was ended by Second Division Sunderland after a replay. In the close season, Chelsea were one of the 22 First Division clubs to formally resign from the Football League and join the newly formed Premier League. Porterfield was sacked halfway through the 1992–93 season, with the team having not won a league match for two months. He was replaced on a caretaker basis by 1970 FA Cup winner, David Webb, who steered the club clear of relegation and eventually secured an 11th-place finish. Webb was replaced by 35-year-old former England midfielder Glenn Hoddle, who had just won promotion to the Premiership as player-manager of Swindon Town.
Hoddle's first season as manager saw Chelsea's league form dip slightly, and for a time they were threatened by relegation, with the goals of £1.5 million signing Mark Stein and form of £400,000 signing Dmitri Kharine playing an important part in survival. In the same season, Chelsea reached the FA Cup Final, where they faced Premiership champions Manchester United, a team Chelsea had beaten 1–0 in both league games that season. After going in 0–0 at half-time, United were awarded two second-half penalties by referee David Elleray in the space of five minutes, both of which were scored. With Chelsea having to attack, it left gaps in defence and United eventually won 4–0. This was nevertheless sufficient for Chelsea to compete in the 1994–95 Cup Winners' Cup, since United had already qualified for the Champions League. They reached the semi-finals of that competition, going out 3–2 on aggregate to eventual winners Real Zaragoza.
With Chelsea's future at Stamford Bridge now secure, Bates and millionaire director Matthew Harding were now making money available for the club to spend on players. In the summer of 1995, Chelsea recruited two world-famous players, Dutch legend Ruud Gullit, on a free transfer from Sampdoria, and Manchester United striker Mark Hughes (£1.5 million), both of whom would play a significant role in the club's future success. Hoddle also signed talented Romanian full-back Dan Petrescu for £2.3 million. Hoddle guided Chelsea to another 11th-place finish in 1995–96, and another FA Cup semi-final, and then resigned to become manager of the England national team.
The Italian Renaissance: Gullit, Vialli and Zola (1996–2000)
Gullit was appointed player-manager for the 1996–97 season, and added several top-class players to the side, including European Cup-winning Juventus striker Gianluca Vialli, cultured French defender Frank Leboeuf and Italian internationals Gianfranco Zola (whose skill would make him a firm favourite with the crowd and see him become one of Chelsea's greatest ever players) and Roberto Di Matteo (the latter for a club record £4.9 million). They were later joined by the powerful and prolific Uruguayan midfielder Gus Poyet and Norwegian "super-sub" Tore André Flo. With such players, it was under Gullit and his successor that Chelsea emerged as one of England's top sides again and gained a reputation for playing a neat, entertaining and attractive passing game performed by technically gifted players, though the club's inconsistency against supposed "smaller" teams remained.
Gullit capped an impressive first season in management by leading Chelsea to their highest league placing since 1990 (sixth) and winning the FA Cup, ending the club's 26-year wait for a major trophy. The most memorable match of the run was a fourth round comeback against Liverpool, in which Chelsea, inspired by Hughes, overturned a 2–0 half-time deficit to win 4–2. The 2–0 victory over Middlesbrough in the final at Wembley got off to a frantic start with Di Matteo scoring after 43 seconds; Eddie Newton's late goal clinched it. The win was a happy end to a season which had looked to be dominated by sadness after the death in October of popular director and financial benefactor Matthew Harding in a helicopter crash following a League Cup match against Bolton Wanderers.
Gullit was suddenly sacked in February 1998, ostensibly after a contract dispute, with the team second in the Premiership, and in the semi-finals of two cup competitions. Another player-manager was appointed, the 33-year-old Vialli. Vialli began his management career in style by winning two trophies in two months. The League Cup was secured with another 2–0 win over Middlesbrough at Wembley (with Di Matteo again on the scoresheet). Chelsea reached the Cup Winners' Cup final following a dramatic semi-final win against Vicenza. Having lost the away leg 1–0 and then conceded an away goal in the second leg, Chelsea bounced back to win 3–1 on the night and go through, with Hughes again the catalyst. They won their second Cup Winners' Cup title with a 1–0 victory against VfB Stuttgart at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm; Zola, a second-half substitute, scored the winning goal just 17 seconds after coming on. Following that, Vialli led the club to a 1–0 win over European champions Real Madrid in the Super Cup at the Stade Louis II in Monaco.
During the 1998–99 Premiership campaign, Chelsea made their first sustained challenge for the title for years. Despite an opening day loss against Coventry City, the side were not beaten in the League again until January and topped the table at Christmas. Their title chances eventually disappeared after a home loss to West Ham and consecutive draws against Middlesbrough, Leicester City and Sheffield Wednesday in April, which saw the Blues finish third, four points behind winners Manchester United. A season which promised much ultimately ended trophyless, as Chelsea's defence of their Cup Winners' Cup title ending in a semi-final loss against Mallorca. They were also knocked out of both the other cups in the quarter-finals. Third place in the league was nevertheless high enough for a first-ever appearance in the Champions League.
Forty-four years after being denied entry to the inaugural championship, Chelsea made their debut in Europe's premier competition in August 1999 and they put in a series of impressive performances en route to a quarter-final tie against Barcelona. It included memorable draws at the San Siro and the Stadio Olimpico against Milan and Lazio respectively, as well as a thumping 5–0 win against Turkish side Galatasaray at the Ali Sami Yen Stadium. During the first leg of the quarter-final against Barcelona at Stamford Bridge, Chelsea took a 3–0 lead, only to concede a late Luís Figo away goal. Trailing 2–1 during the second leg at the Camp Nou, the team were just seven minutes away from the semi-finals, but conceded a third and were eventually beaten 5–1 after extra time, losing 6–4 on aggregate.
By now, Chelsea had a top-notch multi-national squad which included Zola, Di Matteo, Poyet but also Spanish full-back Albert Ferrer, Dutch goalkeeper Ed de Goey, and French World Cup-winning trio Frank Leboeuf, Marcel Desailly and Didier Deschamps. Under Vialli, Chelsea would become the first side in English football to field a starting 11 composed entirely of foreign players, highlighting the increasing internationalization of the game. The 1999–2000 season saw inconsistency return to Chelsea's league form as the side struggled to juggle Premier League and Champions League commitments, ultimately finishing a disappointing fifth. Vialli did lead the team to a second FA Cup win in four years that season – this time against Aston Villa, with Di Matteo again scoring the winner – in the last final to be played at Wembley before its redevelopment. The Charity Shield was added in August with a 2–0 win against Manchester United, to make Vialli Chelsea's then most successful manager.
Early 2000s: Claudio Ranieri
Vialli spent almost £26 million on new players during the summer, including high-scoring Dutchman Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and talented Icelandic striker Eiður Guðjohnsen, but was dismissed in September 2000 after winning just one of the opening five matches and, once again, with rumours circulating that the manager had fallen out with important players. He was replaced by another Italian, Claudio Ranieri, who, in spite of his initial problems with the English language, guided them to another top six finish in his first season. Ranieri gradually re-built the side, reducing the average age of the squad by selling some older players, including Wise and Poyet, and replacing them with Carlo Cudicini, John Terry, William Gallas, Frank Lampard and Jesper Grønkjær.
Ranieri's second season saw some more progress, mainly in the cups, with Chelsea reaching the League Cup semi-finals and another FA Cup final, but was unable to prevent them from losing to double winners Arsenal in the latter. League form saw little improvement, though, and Chelsea again finished sixth. With rumours of the club's perilous financial state circulating, Ranieri was unable to sign any more players. As a result, expectations of Chelsea in the 2002–03 season were more limited. Chelsea nevertheless made an unexpected title challenge and, in perhaps one of the most significant matches in the club's history, defeated Liverpool 2–1 in the final game of the season to finish fourth and secure the final Champions League berth ahead of the Merseysiders.
Notes
References
Chelsea F.C.
Chelsea
Chelsea |
The Libertarian National Committee (LNC) controls and manages the affairs, properties, and funds of the United States Libertarian Party. It is composed of the party officers, five at-large representatives elected every two years at the national convention, and a theoretical maximum of 10 regional representatives. The current chair is Angela McArdle, elected at the 2022 Libertarian National Convention.
The LNC has lobbied or filed lawsuits against laws and regulations that restrict contributions to parties and candidates.
Current members
At-large members
Regional representatives
List of LNC chairs
Subcommittees
See also
Democratic National Committee
Green National Committee
Republican National Committee
List of state parties of the Libertarian Party (United States)
References
External links
Official Website
Members of the Libertarian National Committee
Libertarian Party Bylaws and Convention Rules (PDF) adopted in Convention, July 2018, New Orleans, Louisiana
Libertarian Party (United States)
Libertarian Party (United States) organizations
Executive committees of political parties
Organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia |
Richard Robert Yonakor (October 3, 1958 – March 3, 2022) was an American retired basketball player. He played one season for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Yonakor, a 6'9" forward/center from Euclid, Ohio, played collegiately at the University of North Carolina from 1976 to 1980 where he averaged 5.4 points and 3.7 rebounds per game for his career.
Despite his modest college statistics, Yonakor was drafted in the third round of the 1980 NBA Draft by the San Antonio Spurs. After playing a season in Italy for Bartolini Brindisi, Yonakor made his NBA debut on March 8, 1982. He appeared in 10 games, averaging 3.3 points and 2.3 rebounds per game in his only NBA season. He also played in the Continental Basketball Association for the Rochester Zeniths and Montana Golden Nuggets.
Rich was the son of former NFL football player John Yonakor.
Rich Yonakor died on March 3, 2022.
References
External links
Italian League profile
1958 births
2022 deaths
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American men's basketball players
American people of Lithuanian descent
Basketball players from Ohio
Centers (basketball)
Montana Golden Nuggets players
North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball players
People from Euclid, Ohio
Power forwards (basketball)
Rochester Zeniths players
San Antonio Spurs draft picks
San Antonio Spurs players
Sportspeople from Cuyahoga County, Ohio |
Comiac (; ) is a former commune in the Lot department in south-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sousceyrac-en-Quercy. Its population was 211 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Lot department
References
Former communes of Lot (department) |
Aldo Emilio Seidler (born 1954), is an Argentine chess player.
Biography
In the 1970s Aldo Emilio Seidler was one of Argentina's leading junior chess players. He twice won Argentine Chess Junior Championships: 1971 and 1973. He twice participated in the Argentine Chess Championship finals (1976, 1978). His best result in this tournaments was 5th place in 1976 He was participant in a number of strong international chess tournaments. Aldo Emilio Seidler twice won Mar del Plata Open Chess Tournament (1976, 1978).
Aldo Emilio Seidler played for Argentina B team in the Chess Olympiad:
In 1978, at second board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+6, =3, -3).
References
External links
Aldo Emilio Seidler chess games at 365chess.com
1954 births
Living people
Argentine chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
20th-century chess players |
The Game of Life, also known as Life, is an 1860 board game by Milton Bradley.
Game of Life also often refers to:
Conway's Game of Life, in mathematics, a cellular automaton
Game of Life or The Game of Life may also refer to:
Games
Jinsei Game, the 1967 Japanese version of the board game
The Game of Life Card Game, a 2002 card game based on the board game
The Game of Life/Yahtzee/Payday, a 2005 video game based on the board game
The Game of Life: Twists & Turns, a 2007 board game variant of the original game
Other
Game of Life (film) (2007, 2011), a film originally titled Oranges
The Game of Life (TV programme), a 1986 ABC programme
"The Game of Life", a song by Scorpions from their album Humanity: Hour I
The Game of Life (1922 film), a 1922 film by G. B. Samuelson
The Game of Life (album), a 2007 music album by Arsonists Get All the Girls
The Game of Life (book), a 1925 book by Florence Scovel Shinn
Da Game of Life (film), a 1998 direct-to-video short film starring Snoop Dogg
Da Game of Life, a 2001 rap music album by Totally Insane
See also
Evolution: The Game of Intelligent Life
Life simulation game |
Jergens is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Adele Jergens (1917–2002), American actress
Diane Jergens (1935–2018), American film and television actress
See also
Andrew Jergens Company
Jurgens |
Credicoop San Cristóbal is a Peruvian football club located in the city of Moquegua, Peru.
History
Copa Perú
The Club Deportivo Credicoop San Cristóbal was founded in 2017.
In 2017 Copa Perú, Credicoop San Cristóbal classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Las Palmas in the Second Round.
In 2018 Copa Perú, Credicoop San Cristóbal classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Pirata in the Quarterfinals.
In 2019 Copa Perú, Credicoop San Cristóbal classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Carlos Stein in the Quarterfinals.
In 2021 Copa Perú, Credicoop San Cristóbal classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Alfonso Ugarte in the Semifinals.
Honours
Regional
Liga Departamental de Moquegua:
Winners (4): 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022
Liga Provincial de Mariscal Nieto:
Winners (1): 2018
Runner-up (1): 2017
Liga Distrital de Samegua:
Winners (1): 2018
Runner-up (1): 2017
See also
List of football clubs in Peru
Peruvian football league system
References
External links
Official Facebook
Football clubs in Peru
Association football clubs established in 2017 |
Millmount is a large fortified complex situated on a great mound on the South bank of the River Boyne located in Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland. The fort has played a crucial part in Drogheda's history and has been a dominant feature from Norman settlement, to Cromwell's invasion to the more recent Civil War in 1922, in which the famous Martello tower was shelled and all but destroyed. Today the complex houses the Millmount Museum which houses a wide variety of artifacts of local and national importance. The complex is Drogheda's most dominant feature, clearly visible from all parts of the town. The Martello tower is affectionately known as "The Cup and Saucer" by locals. The whole fort is a national monument and has been designated as Drogheda's Cultural Quarter.
History
It has been fortified in historical times since the early 12th Century CE when the invading Normans built a motte and bailey on what was probably originally a neolithic passage grave similar to Newgrange. In Irish cosmology, it is often assumed to be the burial place of Amhairgin mac Míled, whose name ("Amhair" = singing; "gin" = give birth) indicates that in ancient Irish mythology he was regarded as the originator of the arts of song, poetry and music. The shamanistic Early Irish poem "The Song of Amhairgin", uttered by him in the story of his entry into Ireland by the River Boyne, was therefore conventionally regarded as the first Irish poem.
Hugh De Lacy, one of the Normans who came to Ireland after Strongbow, built the original fort circa 1172, having been granted the Kingdom of Meath by Henry II. Later a stone castle was built on the site. This castle formed part of the defences of the town during the siege of Drogheda during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649. The fort's English defenders attempted to surrender to Parliamentarian troops under Oliver Cromwell but were massacred when they gave themselves up on 11 September 1649.
The complex was later called Richmond Barracks. Some of the present buildings, in the courtyard, were built circa 1714. After the unrest and rebellions of the 1790s and the Act of Union in 1800 the complex was re-fortified and the present tower built. The fort suffered considerable damage during the Irish Civil War. It was occupied by Anti-Treaty forces and on 4 July 1922, it became the target of shelling by the army of the Irish Free State. The Free State Forces under Michael Collins had been given extensive support by the British Army at the express wish of Winston Churchill who insisted that the Republican Forces be crushed. Using the same British Army 18-pounder artillery piece which had shelled the Republican H.Q. in the Four Courts in Dublin some days earlier the Free State Forces bombarded Millmount fort for several hours before the Republican garrison retreated. It has been restored in 2000 and is now open to the public as a military museum.
Museum
The Museum houses a wide variety of artifacts of local and national importance. Chief amongst the attractions is the unique collection of Guild and Trade Banners. This collection is recognised by Ireland's National Museum as being of special significance and includes the only remaining guild banners in Ireland. Popular exhibits at the Millmount Museum include an authentic 18th century Irish folk kitchen, dairy and laundry, and the Irish History Room which details the major events in Ireland's history.
List of structures
Gallery
References
External links
Drogheda Museum Millmount website
Mill Mount Barracks, Barrack Street, LAGAVOOREN, Drogheda, LOUTH
Museums in County Louth
Buildings and structures in Drogheda
Towers completed in 1808
Military and war museums in the Republic of Ireland
History museums in the Republic of Ireland |
T
TACX - Transport Arts Corporation
TAEA - Tangipahoa and Eastern
TAG - Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia Railway; Southern Railway; Norfolk Southern Railway
TANX - Transitank Car Leasing Corporation
TARX - Sandersville Leasing
TASD - Terminal Railway Alabama State Docks
TATX - Tanco Transportation Corporation
TBCX - The Boeing Company
TBOX - TTX Company
TBRY - Thermal Belt Railway
TBV - Trinity and Brazos Valley Railway
TC - Tennessee Central Railroad, Temple and Texas Central Railroad
TCAX - Transportation Corporation of America
TCB - Texas Central Business Lines
TCBR - Tecumseh Branch Connecting Railroad
TCBX - AIG Rail Services
TCCX - TCCX Corporation
TCDX - Tennessee Chemical Company
TCGB - Tucson, Cornelia and Gila Bend Railroad
TCGX - Tri-County Gas
TCIX - Trinity Chemical Leasing
TCKR - Turtle Creek Industrial Railroad
TCL - Twin City Lines
TCLX - Trinity Chemical Leasing
TCMX - Transportation Company of America
TCRT - Twin City Rapid Transit Company
TCRY - Tri-City Railroad
TCStL - Toledo, Cincinnati and St Louis Railroad
TCSX - Tank Car Services, Inc.
TCSZ - Triple Crown Service
TCT - Texas City Terminal Railway
TCWR - Twin Cities and Western Railroad
TCX - General American Transportation Corporation
TDB - Toledo, Delphos and Burlington Railroad
TE - Tacoma Eastern Railway
TECX - Texas Crushed Stone Company
TECO - Teamo-Tacoma Railroad; Lincoln Pacific Railway
TEIX - Transportation Equipment, Inc.
TELX - Penwalt Carriers Corporation; ELF Atochem North America
TEM - Temiskaming and Northern Ontario
TEMX - Temple-Eastex
TENN - Tennessee Railway
TER - Texas & Eastern Railroad, Texas Electric Railway
TEXC - Texas Central Railroad
TFM - Grupo Transportación Ferroviaria Mexicana
TFS - Texarkana and Fort Smith Railway; Kansas City Southern Railway
TG - Tonopah and Goldfield Railroad, Tremont and Gulf Railway
TGAX - Texasgulf
TGCX - PolyOne Company
TGIX - Texasgulf; PCS Phosphate Company
TGOX - US Rail Services
TGPX - Tamak Transportation Corporation
TGSX - Texasgulf; Tg Soda Ash
THB - Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway; Canadian Pacific Railway
THR - Thunder Rail
THRX - Transportation Company of America
THSX - New York, Susquehanna, & Western Technical and Historical Society
TI - Turners Island, LLC
TIBR - Timber Rock Railroad
TILX - Trinity Industries Leasing
TIMX - Trinity Industries Leasing
TIPP - Tippecanoe Railway
TIRL - Tonawanda Island Railroad
TJRX - S. M. Brooks Company
TKCX - Thiele Kaolin Company
TKEN - Tennken Railroad
TLCX - Pullman Leasing Company
TLDX - Pullman Leasing Company; General Electric Rail Services
TLTX - Tilcon-Tomasso Construction
TM - Texas Midland Railroad, Texas Mexican Railway; Kansas City Southern Railway
TMAX - Tennessee River Pulp and Paper Company
TMBL - Tacoma Municipal Belt Line Railway
TMER&L - The Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Company
TMLX - Thunder Mountain Line
TMO - Vitebsk Seaway and Continental Railway; Lincoln Pacific Railway
TMPX - Texas Municipal Power Agency
TMSS - Towanda-Monroeton Shippers Lifeline, Inc.
TMT - Trailer Marine Transportation Corporation
TMTC - Tri-County Metropolitan Transit District of Oregon
TN - Texas and Northern Railway
TNCX - North American Car Corp.; General Electric Railcar Services Corp.; General Electric Rail Services Corp. (Lessee: Nestlé)
TNER - Texas Northeastern Railroad
TNHR - Three Notch Railroad
TNM - Texas - New Mexico Railway
TNMR - Texas-New Mexico Railroad; Austin and Northwestern Railroad
TNO - Texas and New Orleans Railroad; Southern Pacific Railroad; Union Pacific Railroad
TNSR - Nashtown and Southern Railroad; Lorraine, Eastern and Pacific Railroad;
TNVR - Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
TNW - Toledo and Northwestern Railroad; Chicago and Northwestern Railway
TOC - Conrail
TOE - Texas, Oklahoma and Eastern Railroad
TOV - Tooele Valley Railway
TP - Texas & Pacific Railway; Missouri Pacific Railroad; Union Pacific Railroad
TPBX - General American Transportation Corporation
TPCX - The Purdy Company
TPFX - General Electric Rail Services
TPIX - Tropicana Products; PepsiCo
TPOC - Tulsa Port of Catoosa
TPPX - Thilmany
TPRX - Texas Power and Light Company
TPT - Conrail
TPTX - Trailer Train Company
TPW - Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway; BNSF
TQEX - First Union Rail
TR - Tomahawk Railway
TRAX - RailTex
TRBX - Timken Roller Bearing Company
TRC - Trona Railway
TRCX - Tri-Rail
TRE - Trinity Railway Express
TRGX - Terminal Grain Corporation
TRIN - Trinidad Railway
TRIX - Midwest Energy Services Company
TRLX - Texas Railcar Leasing Company
TRMW - Tacoma Rail
TRMX - TRM Industries
TRNX - General Electric Rail Services
TRPX - Tropigas
TRR - Torch River Rail
TRRA - Terminal Railroad Association of St Louis
TRRY - Trillium Railway
TRSX - General Electric Rail Services
TRTX - W. J. Kirberger, Trustee
TRUX - Midwest Bottle Gas Company
TRYX - Tri-County Cooperative Association
TS - Tidewater Southern Railway
TSBY - Tuscola & Saginaw Bay Railway
TSE - Texas South-Eastern Railroad
TSH - Tshiuetin Rail Transportation
TSO - Tidewater Southern Railway
TSPX - Texas Sulphur Products Company
TSR - Texas State Railroad
TSRD - Twin State Railroad
TSRR - Tennessee Southern Railroad
TStLW - Toledo, St Louis & Western Railroad
TSU - Tulsa-Sapulpa Union Railway
T&T - Tama and Toledo Railroad
TT - Toledo Terminal Railroad, Tonopah & Tidewater Railroad
TTAX - TTX Company
TTBX - TTX Company
TTCX - TTX Company
TTDX - TTX Company
TTER - Tomiko Tilden & Eastern Railway
TTEX - TTX Company
TTFX - TTX Company
TTGX - TTX Company
TTHX - TTX Company
TTIS - Transkentucky Transportation Railroad
TTIX - TTX Company
TTJX - TTX Company
TTKX - TTX Company
TTLX - TTX Company
TTMX - TTX Company
TTNX - TTX Company
TTOX - TTX Company
TTPX - TTX Company
TTQX - TTX Company
TTR - Tijuana and Tecate Railway; Talleyrand Terminal Railroad
TTRX - TTX Company
TTSX - TTX Company
TTTX - TTX Company
TTUX - TTX Company
TTVX - TTX Company
TTWX - TTX Company
TTX - TTX Company
TTXX - TTX Company
TTYX - TTX Company
TTZX - TTX Company
TUGX - Texas Utilities Generating Company
TUST - Texarkana Union Station Trust
TVAX - Tennessee Valley Authority
TVRM - Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
TVRR - Tulare Valley Railroad, Tanana Valley Railroad
TWGX - Tidewater Grain Company
TWRY - Tradewater Railway
TXIX - Texas Industries
TXN - Texas & New Mexico Railway
TXNW - Texas North Western Railway
TXOR - Texas and Oklahoma Railroad
TXPF - Texas Pacifico Transportation
TXR - Texas Rock Crusher Railroad
TXRC - Texas Export Railroad
TXTC - Texas Transportation Company
TXTX - Econo-Rail Corporation
TYBR - Tyburn Railroad
TYC - Tylerdale Connecting
TYNT - Tyner Terminal Railroad
TZPR - Tazewell & Peoria Railroad
T |
evertontv (formerly ToffeeTV) is an online TV subscription channel. It allows people to view of Everton football match highlights and exclusive interviews.
The evertontv launched in conjunction with the newly designed evertonfc.com website.
Everton became one of the first clubs in the Premier League to provide live television content when they ‘webcast’ their pre-season friendlies from the United States in 2006.
A deal with Fox Sports was ensured meaning that the channel's programmes were given global distribution.
In August 2011, evertontv became a free service for registered users of evertonfc.com.
Commentators/Presenters
Elton Welsby
References
External links
http://www.evertonfc.com/evertontv
Everton F.C.
Football club television channels in the United Kingdom
Television channels in the United Kingdom
Television channels and stations established in 2006
2006 establishments in the United Kingdom |
Pre-Drink is a Canadian dramatic short film by Marc-Antoine Lemire, which won the Toronto International Film Festival Award for Best Canadian Short Film at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.
The film stars Alex Trahan as Carl and Pascale Drevillon as Alexe, a gay man and a transgender woman whose longtime friendship is complicated when they decide to have sex.
In December, TIFF named the film to its annual Canada's Top Ten list of the ten best Canadian short films. The film received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards, and won the Prix Iris for Best Short Film at the 20th Quebec Cinema Awards.
References
External links
2017 films
Canadian LGBT-related short films
2017 LGBT-related films
LGBT-related drama films
Films about trans women
Quebec films
2017 drama films
2017 short films
French-language Canadian films
Canadian drama short films
2010s Canadian films
Best Live Action Short Film Jutra and Iris Award winners |
Zielenice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borów, within Strzelin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately south of Borów, north-west of Strzelin, and south of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Zielenice |
Wyżyny is a district in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
History
Construction was started in the Wyżyny district on 3 May 1971. The development was intended to house around 60,000 inhabitants and was completed in 1982. Its main architect was Andrzej Modrzejewski.
Public buildings
Church of the Holy Polish Brothers Martyrs
Church Matki Bożej Fatimskiej
Church Sacred Joseph
"Perła" pool
Chemik Bydgoszcz Stadium
Schools
Elementary school number 25
Junior High number 16
I.J.Paderewski Junior High number 17
Synów Pułków Junior High number 38
High school number 9
Main streets
Pope John Paul II
Glinki
Szpitalna
Bełzy
Perłowa
Polish Army
References
Neighbourhoods in Bydgoszcz |
Polygamy is legal in Egypt, but not common.
Legal status
Polygamy is legal in Egypt.
In 2019, Ahmed al-Tayeb, the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, caused controversy by ruling that polygamy is unlawful for Muslims, but he did not call for a legal prohibition of polygamy.
Prevalence
As of 2020, less than 1% of Muslim men in Egypt live with more than one spouse.
References
Bibliography
Polygamy in Africa
Egypt
Society of Egypt |
The Afghanistan men's national volleyball team represents Afghanistan in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches.
Competitive record
Asian Championship
2011 — 15th place
2013 — 20th place
2023 — 14th place
Asian Games
2022 — Q
Squad
Afghanistan national volleyball team 2022
The squad is made up of 14 players and 3 coaches and manager.
Head coach: Mohammad Asadollahi Saraghein
Assistant: Mohammad Sabir Noori
Assistant: Nesar Ahmad Hanafi
Team manager: Mohammad Nasir Noori
Naseer Kohistani
Gulam Rasool Haidari
Ozair Mohammad Asefi
Sayed Habib Yousufi
Abdul Malik Mamoozai
Lutfullah Azizi
Shafiqullah Chaparhari
Mohammad Sabawoon Wardak
Mohammad Imran Niazai
Besmallah Sultani
Adil Shah Zakeeri
Abdulmutaleb Mohammadi
Abadullah Pacha
Sabawoon Ghorzang
References
Volleyball
National men's volleyball teams
Volleyball in Afghanistan
Men's sport in Afghanistan |
L (Learning) is a 2011 Greek comedy-drama film directed by Babis Makridis in his debut, and written by Makridis and Efthymis Filippou, based on an original idea by Yorgos Giokas. It stars Aris Servetalis as a 40 year old man whose life rapidly changes over the course of a single day.
Makridis had previously produced a short film, The Last Fakir (2005), which received the Newcomer's Prize at the 2005 International Short Film Festival in Drama. L, his first feature film, was the first Greek selection to compete at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival (19–29 January 2012) where its international premiere took place. It was also nominated to compete in the official Tiger Awards competition in the International Film Festival Rotterdam (25 January – 5 February 2012). The film was nominated for Best Script award at the Hellenic Film Academy Awards. A six-minute extract was first released at the Work Progress Section of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, at the Czech Republic in July 2011.
Plot
A Man lives in his car. He is 40 years old and although he does not have a lot of free time, when he does, he chooses to spend it with his family. He meets his wife and two children at a specified day and time in car parking lots. His job is to locate and bring the finest honey to a 50-year-old man. A New Driver shows up and the Man gets fired. The Man's life changes and he finds it absurd that no one trusts him anymore.
Cast
Aris Servetalis as the Man
Makis Papadimitriou as the Black Rider
Yannis Bostantzoglou as the Boss
Eleftherios Matthaios as The Bear
Nota Tserniafski as the Wife
Stavros Raptis as the Friend
Thanassis Dimou as the New Driver
Christoforos Skamnakis as the Yachtsman
Pavlos Makridis as the Son
Natalia Tserniafski as the Daughter
Alexis Kanakis as Motorbiker
Antonis Iliakis as Meteor
Production
Filming
Filming took place during March and April 2011 in outdoor locations in Attica, Greece and additional filming took place at the end of July 2011. Filming was concluded within 27 days.
Technical information
The movie was filmed in 35mm with an Arriflex BL camera, is 87 minutes long, in colour, sound Dolby SRD, language Greek with English subtitles, 1:85:1 format, edited in Avid.
Production credentials
Directed, by Babis Makridis
Script, Efthymis Filippou Babis Makridis, based on an original idea by Yorgos Giokas about a man who lives in his car
Location Manager, Dimitris Chalkiadakis
Line Producer, Yorgos Papadimitriou
Sets, Dafni Kalogianni
Costumes, Dimitris Papathomas
Sound, Stefanos Efthimiou
Mixing/Sound Design, Costas Fylaktidis
Music, Coti K
Editor, Yannis Chalkiadakis
Director of Photography, Thimios Bakatakis
Executive Producer, Peter Carlton, Christos V. Konstantakopoulos
Production, Beben Films (Amanda Livanou, Babis Makridis)
Co Production, NOVA, Feelgood Entertainment, Faliro House Productions, Top Cut, Modiano S.A., Dennis Iliadis, Efthymis Filippou, Yannis Chalkiadakis, Thimios Bakatakis, Yorgos Papadimitriou, Dimitris Papathomas, in association with Warp Films and the support of the Greek Film Center.
Release and distribution
The movie was released in Greek movie theaters in February 2012 by Feelgood Entertainment movie distribution company.
Festivals
Sundance Film Festival 2012 . Official selection world drama competition.
Rotterdam Film Festival 2012 . IFFR's Tiger Awards Competition.
Copenhagen Film Festival 2012. Official competition for New talent grand pix
Indielisboa 2012. Official Competition.
Seattle International Film Festival 2012. New Directors Competition.
Melbourne International Film Festival 2012. Competition Telescope Section.
Mumbai Film Festival 2012. International Competition.
42 Molodist. Kyiv Film Festival 2012. International Competition. WINNER THE GRAND PRIX OF MOLODIST
Arizona Underground Film Festival 2012. International Competition.
Festival International du Film Indépendant de Bordeaux 2012. International Competition.
36o São Paulo International Film Festival. New Directors Competition.
Shadowline Salerno 2012. Official Competition.
Sydney Film Festival 2012. Section Push Me to the Edge
D' A Festival Internacional de cinema d'author de Barcelona 2012.
Istanbul Film festival 2012. At a special section called " What's happening in Greece?"
Karlovy Vary 2012. Section Another View.
Stockholm Film Festival 2012. Section Twilight Zone .
19th Greek Film Festival 2012 (Melbourne).
Eurasia Film Festival 2012. Section Cinema bridge: East
23 Ljubljana Film Festival 2012. Section Panorama
Sevilla Festival de Cine Europeo. 2012. Section: Focus Europa : Greece.
27º Festival international de cine de mar del plata FESTIVAL INTERNACIONAL DE CINE DE MAR DEL PLATA
18ο Vilnius International Film Festival Lithuania Programm Discoveries
Words about L
FILM DE CULTE
FLIX
FLIX GR
CUEDOTCOMFESSIONS
THE LIMERICK REVIEW
QUIET EARTH
ALTERNATIVE CHRONICLE
SUNDANCE FILM FESTIVAL
SBS.COM.AUSTRALIA
HOLLYWOOD REPORTER
External links
The official movie blog
L official facebook page
L official site
2012 films
2012 comedy-drama films
Greek comedy-drama films
2010s Greek-language films |
The Mego Corporation is an American toy company that in its original iteration was first founded in 1954. Originally known as a purveyor of dime store toys, in 1971 the company shifted direction and became famous for producing licensed action figures (including the long running "World's Greatest Super Heroes" line), celebrity dolls, and the Micronauts toy line. For a time in the 1970s, their line of 8-inch-scale action figures with interchangeable bodies became the industry standard.
In 1982 Mego filed for bankruptcy, and by 1983, the Mego Corporation ceased to exist; today, Mego action figures and playsets can be highly prized collectibles, with some fetching hundreds, or even in some cases, thousands of dollars (depending on rarity) in the collectibles market.
In July 2018, the newly-reformed Mego Corporation announced they would be producing a limited run of their classic style clothed dolls in their traditional 1/9 scale, as well as some 1/5 figures sold exclusively through Target. These dolls, which include recreations of action figures released in the 1970s, began seeing release later in the year.
Corporate history
Mego was founded in 1954 by D. David Abrams and Madeline Abrams. The company thrived in the 1950s and early 1960s as an importer of dime store toys until the rising cost of newspaper advertising forced Mego to change its business model. In 1971, the Abrams's son Martin, a recent business school graduate, was named company president.
Under Martin Abrams's direction, the company shifted its production to dolls with interchangeable bodies. Generic bodies could be mass-produced and different dolls created by interposing different heads and costumes on them.
In 1972 Mego secured the licenses to create toys for both National Periodical Publications (DC Comics) and Marvel Comics. The popularity of this line of 8" dolls—dubbed "The World's Greatest Super Heroes"—created the standard action-figure scale for the 1970s.
Mego began to purchase the license rights of motion pictures, television programs, and comic books, eventually producing doll lines for Planet of the Apes, Star Trek, and the Wizard of Oz. Mego also obtained licenses from Edgar Rice Burroughs for his creations, such as Tarzan.
Beginning in 1974 Mego released the Planet of the Apes action-figures, the first such toys sold as film tie-ins. 1975 saw the release of figures from Star Trek: The Original Series, which was steadily gaining fandom in syndication. The Planet of the Apes and Star Trek figures proved popular and inspired the rise of action figure series based on popular culture franchises.
During this period, Mego was known for the lavish parties the company threw at the annual New York American International Toy Fair. In 1975, Mego launched its Wizard of Oz film dolls with a gala whose special guests were every surviving member of the film's main cast. Mego's party at the Waldorf-Astoria with Sonny and Cher introducing their dolls drew a thousand people. Both dolls were formally unveiled on The Mike Douglas Show. The Cher doll was the number-1-selling doll in 1976, helping to make Mego the sixth-ranked American toy manufacturer, based on retail sales.
In 1976, Martin Abrams hashed out a deal with the Japanese toy manufacturer Takara to bring their popular lucite 3" fully articulated Microman figures to the United States under the name "Micronauts." While Marty was in Japan, Fox's lawyer Mark Peders dropped by the office to show stills from the upcoming motion picture Star Wars, but no one in the office could sign the deal, so Peders visited Kenner in the same building and Kenner president Bernie Loomis was in the office and signed the deal. This decision seemed of little consequence to Mego at first, because the Micronauts figures initially sold well, earning the company more than $30 million at their peak. On the other hand, the Star Wars film was extremely popular and competitor Kenner Products sold substantial numbers of Star Wars action figures.
Following Star Wars' huge cultural impact, and Kenner's great success with its action figure line, Mego negotiated licenses for the manufacturing rights to a host of science fiction motion pictures and television shows, including Moonraker, Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, The Black Hole, and Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Although these lines of Mego dolls were of much higher quality than Kenner's 12" Star Wars figures, none were as successful. The widespread success of Kenner's Star Wars 3-3/4" toy line soon made the newer, smaller size the industry standard, shifting sales away from the 8" standard popularized by Mego.
In the late 1970s, Mego was earning about $100 million in sales. Around this time, Mego began shifting their focus toward electronic toys like the 2-XL toy robot and the Fabulous Fred hand-held game player, but sales were not commensurate with the company's investment, and Mego went deeply into debt. Other problems included a rat infestation in Mego's warehouse and a lawsuit from Kenner over illegal appropriation of trade secrets related to the manufacture of their stretch figures. In the fiscal years 1980 and 1981, Mego reported combined losses of $40 million. In fiscal year 1982, the company reported losses of between $18 and $20 million.
In February 1982 the remaining staff was let go and the Mego offices were closed. On June 14, 1982, Mego filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy; the company officially went under in 1983.
In 1986, Martin Abrams co-founded Abrams Gentile Entertainment (AGE), in order to retain and manage Mego's licensing contracts, rights and deals. In October 1995 AGE attempted to reclaim the Mego trademark. In March 2002, they abandoned the effort. In early 2009, Martin Abrams announced that AGE had reclaimed the rights to the name Mego.
Mego Corporation is headquartered in Great Neck, NY, with manufacturing facilities in China and Mexico. In July 2018, Mego Corporation premiered an exclusive line
with Target stores of their classic 8 inch clothed action figures as well as several 14 inch DC Superheroes figures at San Diego Comic Con with Joe Namath on hand to autograph his own 14 inch action figure. The Target exclusive featured three waves of figures hitting Target stores in August, October, and November. These figures were limited to 10,000 of each character.
Starting in 2019, Mego has continued to work with Target and other major retailers like Wal-Mart to bring the classic Star Trek, monsters, celebrities, and superheroes back to store shelves and on-line. Mego created action figures from the iconic Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan movie, giving fans of that 1982 classic the Mego figures they expected to see back then. Mego has also expanded distribution internationally, working with distributors in other countries to bring the magic of Mego to the rest of the world as well.
In 2020 Mego launched new waves of action figures and products with the help of Dr. Mego (Paul Clarke) to a wide audience via Target Corporation stores around the United States; Marty Abrams is greeting old and new fans at comic-cons and conventions nationwide.
Products history
Fighting Yank
A toy similar to GI Joe; so similar, in fact, that Hasbro was able to show that the toy's body had been copied directly from authentic GI Joe tooling. Hasbro threatened a lawsuit and Mego discontinued the product.
Broadway Joe Namath
An action doll based on New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath. The 1970s toyline included Broadway Joe in New York Jets football uniform, plus additional fashions sold separately.
Action Jackson
One of Mego's first toys under Martin Adams was an original character, Action Jackson, meant to compete with Hasbro's popular G.I. Joe line. Heavily promoted on television commercials and in newspaper advertisements, the Action Jackson line included dolls, vehicles, and playsets. It was a big seller on its 1971 launch, but soon faded in popularity and was discontinued after 1974. The body design was reused for 8-inch licensed dolls.
Dinah Mite
A fashion doll produced as a female counterpart to Action Jackson. The doll was not a success, but the body design was reused for 8-inch licensed female dolls.
World's Greatest Super Heroes!
Beginning in 1972, Mego released the first comprehensive line of DC Comics and Marvel Comics superhero and villain dolls, coining the term "World's Greatest Super Heroes!" (WGSH) as an umbrella title for all the dolls released in this line. To start the line, Mego produced Batman, Robin, Aquaman, and Superman dolls. (For the South African market, a local radio play hero, Jet Jungle, was included in the series.) The earliest dolls were released in a solid box, but these boxes were often damaged by shoppers who wanted to see the figure inside. The design was quickly changed to a "window" style box. The WGSH line was offered from 1972 until 1983.
Fashion dolls
Mego marketed various fashion doll lines designed to compete with Mattel's popular Barbie line. The company's first attempt was the 1973 "Maddie Mod" line, which included an extensive wardrobe and Maddie's boyfriend "Richie," was not a success. Next, Mego created "Dinah-Mite," a poseable eight-inch (203 mm) scale Barbie-like doll with a boyfriend named Don. Other fashion dolls included "Beautiful Lainie," a 19" doll that danced back and forth from the hips; and Candi, a line that included "Coppertone Candi," a "tanning" doll co-branded with Coppertone sunscreen.
TV and movie dolls
The popularity of the 1974 releases of the Planet of the Apes and Star Trek: The Original Series lines led Mego to produce a variety of licensed figures based on films and TV shows, including The Flintstones, Happy Days, Laverne & Shirley, Our Gang, Starsky & Hutch, The Waltons, and Wizard of Oz.
Mego introduced a Lynda Carter Wonder Woman doll line in 1977. The first edition of the Wonder Woman dolls and accessories included:
Wonder Woman (factory-painted bustier top with cloth star-spangled bottoms, bracelets, golden lasso, tiara, and red boots), as well as a Diana Prince Navy Yeoman outfit, featuring black glasses and black high-heeled shoes
Nubia, Wonder Woman's super-foe
Queen Hippolyta, Wonder Woman's mother
Major Steve Trevor, Wonder Woman's best friend and boss
Mego added 12-inch dolls from the Superman movie in 1978, which included Superman, Jor-El, Lex Luthor, and General Zod.
In the early 1980s Mego produced dolls and vehicles for the popular TV shows CHiPs, Dallas, Dukes of Hazzard, and The Greatest American Hero. The Dukes of Hazzard dolls sold well, but Mego failed with its CHiPs and Dallas dolls.
Comic Action Heroes!
Always thinking of ways to reduce costs of production, in 1975 Mego released a smaller plastic line of action toys called Comic Action Heroes! that had the costumes molded onto the figure (and later adopted by Star Wars and Super Powers lines), thus eliminating the extra cost of creating the suits. The line featured Batman, Robin, The Joker, and The Penguin, as well as other DC Comics characters, and Marvel characters such as Spider-Man, Captain America, and the Hulk. Later, in 1979, Mego re-released the line under the new name Pocket Super Heroes.
Celebrity dolls
In 1976, Mego launched a highly successful -inch celebrity doll line. The first dolls were Sonny and Cher, with famed fashion designer Bob Mackie designing an extensive wardrobe for Cher. Farrah Fawcett, Jaclyn Smith, Diana Ross, Suzanne Somers, Captain and Tennille, and Kiss celebrity dolls followed in 1977 and 1978.
Micronauts
From 1976 to 1980 Mego produced a licensed line of Takara's Microman figures under the name Micronauts. The 3-3/4" toy line's popularity led Marvel Comics to launch a Micronauts comic book in 1979, which ran until 1986.
2-XL robot
In 1978, Martin Abrams purchased inventor Michael J. Freeman's toy robot, the 2-XL, which was introduced to the public and became a success. The toy was sold in different countries and was voiced in seven languages, including English. 2-XL was a revolutionary idea, combining toys and education. A lot of games were also developed for the toy. By 1981, the 2-XL's popularity had waned, and it was later discontinued. However, the 2-XL robot was upgraded and reintroduced in the early 1990s by Tiger Electronics, a US based toy company. The programs for this version were also voiced by Freeman and sold worldwide.
The 2-XL was part of Mego's electronic games line, which included the handheld devices Mini-Vid and Fabulous Fred.
Military dolls
In 1976, Mego began producing a small collection of World War II-themed military dolls marketed in France, Italy (under the Polistil name), Germany, Australia, and the United Kingdom under different names. Most of these products were branded under the "Lion Rock" name, Mego's manufacturing arm. These dolls were released in United States the early 1980s as "Johnny Action" or "Combat Man." Using the format, they were produced after the G.I. Joe dolls had lost their popularity and before the revival of the G.I. Joe line in -inch format; they were also intended to compete with Spain's Madelman line of soldier dolls. The combat line was not a success.
Eagle Force
One of Mego's final large product lines was Eagle Force, a die-cast action figure toy line co-designed by Paul Kirchner and marketed in 1981-1982. Produced during Ronald Reagan's first term as president, the Eagle Force toy line was marketed as a counter-terrorist task force, to send the message that the United States wasn't going to be "pushed around" anymore.
The line was similar to Hasbro's G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero dolls.
Reissued Marx playsets
Mego acquired the moulds of World War II soldiers, vehicles and landscape terrain from Louis Marx and Company, reissuing their Battleground (1980) and Navarone (1981) playsets. Mego also reissued a Prehistoric Dinosaur, Fort Apache and Galaxy Command playsets.
Toys and games manufactured by Mego
Dolls
Action Jackson (1971–1974)
CB McHaul line (1977) – figures and vehicles designed to cash in on the short-lived citizens band radio craze
Comic Action Heroes (1976–1978) – 3-3⁄4" action figures of DC Comics characters
Eagle Force line (1982) – included playset and vehicles
Elastic Superheroes line (1979–1980) – stretchable dolls designed to compete with the popular Kenner product Stretch Armstrong; includes Mego Elastic Donald Duck, Mego Elastic Batman, Mego Elastic Incredible Hulk, and Mego Elastic Plastic Man
Fighting Yank (1973–1974) – discontinued by Mego after being sued by Hasbro as being too similar to G.I. Joe
Johnny Action/Combat Man (c. 1981–1982)
Legends (1975) – historical characters from the American West, Robin Hood, "Super Pirates," "Super Knights," and a medieval playset
Micronauts (1976–1980)
One Million B.C. (1976–1977) – included "Cave People" and dinosaurs
Pocket Super Heroes (1980–1982) – line of 3-3/4" DC Comics and Marvel Comics figures, vehicles, and playsets
Tarzan (1975) – 3" "Bendy" figure made of poseable, malleable plastic
World's Greatest Super Heroes! (1972–1983)
DC Comics characters Aquaman, Batgirl, Batman, Catwoman, Green Arrow, Isis, Joker, Mr. Mxyzptlk, Penguin, Riddler, Robin, Captain Marvel (for legal reasons labeled as "Shazam"), Supergirl, Superman, Tarzan, Teen Titans (Speedy, Kid Flash, Aqualad, and Wonder Girl), and Wonder Woman, as well as a Batmobile that could seat two 8-inch dolls
Marvel Comics characters Captain America, Conan, Falcon, Green Goblin, Hulk, Human Torch, Invisible Girl, Iron Man, Lizard, Mr. Fantastic, Spider-Man, The Thing and Thor
American West series (1974) – included Sitting Bull, Davy Crockett, Wyatt Earp, Wild Bill Hickok and his horse Shadow, Cochise, Buffalo Bill, and a Dodge City playset
Mad Monster Series (1974–1975) – included Frankenstein, Dracula, the Wolfman, and the Mummy
Secret Identity line (1974) – exclusive to Montgomery Ward; included Bruce Wayne, Dick Grayson, Clark Kent, and Peter Parker
TV/movie dolls
The Black Hole (fall 1979) – 12" and 4" lines
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1979–1981) – 12" line and a series of 3.75" figures and scaled spaceships
CHiPs (1981–1982) – 3-3⁄4" figures
Dallas (1981)
Doctor Who (1977–1978) – released only in the United Kingdom in partnership with Denys Fisher; 9" dolls including the Fourth Doctor, Leela, K-9 (released in 1978 after the first six), the Giant Robot, a Cyberman, a Dalek, and a TARDIS
Dukes of Hazzard (1981–1982)
Flash Gordon (1978)
The Flintstones (1977)
Greatest American Hero (1982)
Happy Days (1977–1978) – included Fonzie, Richie Cunningham, Potsie, Ralph Malph, Fonzie's Garage playset and Fonzie's Motorcycle
King Kong (1977)
Laverne & Shirley (1978) – included Laverne, Shirley, Lenny, and Squiggy
Lynda Carter Wonder Woman doll line (1977–1979) – included Wonder Woman, Nubia, Queen Hippolyta, and Major Steve Trevor
Moonraker (1979)
Our Gang (1976–1977)
Planet of the Apes (1974–1977)
Star Trek: The Original Series (1974–1976) – 8" line included Captain Kirk, Mr. Spock, Dr. Leonard McCoy "Bones", Mr. Scott "Scottie", Lt. Uhura, the 9 Star Trek Aliens (a Klingon, a Neptunian, the Keeper, a Gorn, a Cheron, a Romulan, a Talos, an Andorian, and a Mugato), and playsets of the U.S.S. Enterprise, Star Trek: Mission To Gamma VI, as well as a standalone Star Trek Transporter
Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) – 3-3/4" line and 12" line
Star Trek Super Phaser II Target Game
Starsky & Hutch (1976–1978)
Superman doll line (1978) – included Superman, Jor-El, Lex Luthor, and General Zod
The Waltons (1974–1976)
Wizard of Oz (1975)
Celebrity dolls
Captain and Tennille (1977)
Diana Ross (1977)
Farrah Fawcett (1977–1978)
Jaclyn Smith (c. 1977)
Kiss (1978)
Kristy McNichol (1978)
Muhammad Ali (1976–1977)
Sonny and Cher (1976–1978)
Suzanne Somers (c. 1977)
Fashion dolls
Candi (1979)
Dinah-Mite (1973–1975)
Lainie (1973) —19" doll
Maddie Mod (1973)
Electronic games and toys
2-XL (1978–1982) – toy robot
Batman Command Console (1977)
Fabulous Fred (1980) – handheld device with 10 games
Time Out (1980) – A short-lived rebrand of Nintendo's early Game & Watch titles, such as Ball (retitled as Toss-Up), Vermin (Exterminator), and Fire (Fireman Fireman), that was discontinued when the then-recently established Nintendo of America began releasing the games under their original titles the same year.
Mini-Vid (1979) – handheld electronic games like Break Free, Dodge City Gunfight, Sea Battle, and Spacewar
Pulsonic baseball (1980)
Star Trek tricorder (1976) – life-size
Games
Ball Buster (1975)
Magnadoodle (1978)
Mazeroni (1975)
Obsession (1978–1979)
See 'N Drive (1978)
Sixth Sense (1978–1979)
Other
Beanie Buddies (1978)
Bubble Yum Baby (1977) – doll that blew a chewing gum bubble; co-branded with Bubble Yum
Chills 'N Thrills stunt car game (1975)
Clown Around (1981)
Commander Zack Power and his Lightning Cycle (1975)
Dare Bros. toy glider (1975)
Doodlebugs (1978–1979) – wooden toy cars
Dune Machine (1980) – toy dune buggy
Evel Knievel bike accessories (1975)
Luv'n'Stuff (1975) – soft animal characters
Magnanimals (1978) – wooden toy animals, vehicles, and playsets, including some Disney characters
Poz 'N Play (1978)
Puppet Love (1978)
Speed Burners (1976/1977/1978) – diecast cars designed to compete with Matchbox and Hot Wheels
Woodies (1973) – wooden preschool toys
"Mego Melt"
Several different (but not all) plastic dolls made by Mego have suffered from "Mego Melt" (also known as "Mego Molt"), a term coined by toy collectors to describe the material deteriorating over time. The plastic used for the doll's torso reacts with the rubberized plastic used for the arms and legs. The result is a melting of the torso at those joining points: shoulder, underarm, hips, and buttocks. Even when stored carefully, this melting often results in the costumes becoming stuck to the dolls. Excessive heat from storage in hot attics or garages exacerbates this problem. The dolls' hair and eyelashes are prone to similar deterioration when exposed to high temperatures.
In popular culture
From 1996–2011, Mego's dolls, particularly the superhero line, found new life in Twisted ToyFare Theater (originally called "Twisted Mego Theatre"), a humorous photo comic strip appearing in ToyFare, a monthly magazine published by Wizard Entertainment. ToyFare staff posed and took photos depicting the dolls in bizarre situations, with added dialogue balloons. The series was well known in comic book and collectors' circles for its distinctive, off-the-wall sense of humor. The popular strips were later published separately in their own collections.
Mego dolls as well as similarly styled figures are used in sexually perverted adult oriented situations in the Cartoon Network/Adult Swim program Robot Chicken. The show, which debuted in February 2005, is directly based on Twisted ToyFare Theater and features three of its writers.
See also
Hasbro
Kenner Products
Mattel
Trendmasters
References
Sources consulted
Bonavita, John. Mego Action Figure Toys, 3rd Edition (2001)
Holcomb, Benjamin. Mego 8" Super-Heroes: World's Greatest Toys!, (2008) TwoMorrows Publishing
Further reading
Jones, Jonathon (2015). Mego World's Greatest Super-Heroes: An Action Figure Field Guide. Amazon.com. ASIN B019BAYWMG
Zenker, Gary (2013). Ultimate DC Comics Action Figures and Collectibles Checklist. White Lightning Publishing.
Notes
External links
Official website
Mego Museum — the leading authority on Mego toys and company history
Mego Museum Forum — Mego community message boards
MegoMeet official website
MegoMeet on Facebook- Annual Mego Collector Convention
Comprehensive list of Mego action figures and accessories
Foreign Mego — focusing on Mego products from outside the U.S.
Megocollector — comprehensive guide to Mego Star Trek, among other products
Joseph's Star Trek Mego — dedicated to Mego's line of Star Trek toys
Toy companies of the United States
Defunct toy manufacturers
Action figures
DC Comics action figure lines
Marvel Comics action figure lines
Defunct companies based in New York City
American companies established in 1954
Toy companies established in 1954
1954 establishments in New York (state)
King Kong (franchise) |
Crochet braids, also known as latch hook braids, are techniques for braiding hair that involve crocheting synthetic hair extensions to a person's natural hair with a latch hook or crochet hook. While crochet braids are a hybrid of traditional braids, they're considered to be more similar to weaves. This method is associated with African hair styles. Known as a protective style, the technique can assist with hair growth if cared for properly. Crochet braids can be worn straight, curly, twisted, or braided.
Description
Installation
The natural hair can be twisted or braided, but is most commonly styled into cornrows before affixing the synthetic hair. Using a latch hook or crochet hook, the synthetic hair (in the form of loose bulk or braiding hair) is then attached. Parts of the hair extensions are grabbed by the hook and pulled through the underside of each cornrow, working from the front of the hair to the back at a 90 degree angle. This process can take up to 4-6 hours. Popular methods include traditional, individuals, and invisible knot method.
Maintenance
Moisturizing hair and scalp with oils or leave-in-conditioner is a matter of preference. A light oil spray, such as Argan Oil, works well with crochet braids, since it is light and deep moisturizing. However, over-moisturization can lead to product build up. The protective style is typically preserved during sleep by covering with a satin bonnet or scarf.
Removal
To remove, pull loop over pre-braided or twisted synthetic hair end reversing installation. Take down may require scissors for loose or wavy crochet hair. Cutting as close to knots as possible.
Post removal treatment such as deep conditioning, helps prevent hair breakage by restoring moisture.
See also
List of hairstyles
References
Braid hairstyles
African-American hair
Crochet |
Slogans of the United States Army changed rarely in the 20th century, relative to the 21st.
World War I
"I Want YOU for US Army" featured on a poster of Uncle Sam painted by James Montgomery Flagg.
1950s–1971
"Choice, Not Chance" and "Modern Army Green" were both used as slogans to advertise for having the choice of job training, travel, and branch and to highlight the newly introduced Class A Uniform, respectively. Public announcements on broadcast television, and highway roadway signs advertised slogans during a time of a national draft of young men 18 to 34 years of age. The advantage of volunteering for service as opposed to being drafted was the option to choose which career field you wanted to serve in along with the first unit and/or location of assignment.
1971 to 1980
"Today's Army Wants You" and "Today's Army Wants to Join You" were recruiting slogans from the 1971 Volunteer Army (Project VOLAR) campaign, introduced as the country prepared to transition to an all-volunteer military. When N. W. Ayer & Son, who were engaged by the US Army, believed they felt the army said "Today's Army is changing; we want to meet you half way", the firm came up with that slogan. General William Westmoreland asked "Do we have to ask it that way?" but agreed to the campaign. The slogan was replaced by "Join the People Who've Joined the Army" in 1973, which later evolved into "This is the Army."
Slogan was written in 1971 by Ted Regan Jr., Executive Vice President and Executive Creative Director of N.W. Ayer, the Army's ad agency. Regan also wrote the follow-up slogan, "Join the people who've joined the Army.'
1980 to 2001
"Be All That You Can Be" was the recruiting slogan of the United States Army for over twenty years. Earl Carter (pen-name, E.N.J. Carter) working for the N. W. Ayer Advertising Agency as a Senior Copywriter created the "Be All You Can Be" theme line in 1980. In January 2003, the U.S. Army awarded Carter its Outstanding Civilian Service Award. Carter's original concept sheet, with words "Be All That You Can Be", is now part of a permanent collection at the US Army Heritage Center Foundation.
In 2023, The U.S Army decided to bring back the slogan for newer recruitment campaigns.
2001 to 2006
"Army of ONE" was a relatively short-lived recruiting slogan. Misunderstood, it was for Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and Enlisted. It replaced the popular "Be All You Can Be" and was replaced in 2006 by the new slogan "Army Strong". The reason for the replacement, states Frank Luntz, is that the slogan "Army of One" is contrary to the idea of teamwork.
2006 to 2018
"Army Strong" was the recruiting slogan used for more than a decade by the United States Army. The composer of the music used in the Army Strong television advertisements is Mark Isham.
2018 to 2023
The Army debuted a new recruiting slogan, "Warriors Wanted," in October 2018. The Army updated the recruiting slogan to "What's Your Warrior?" in 2019. The slogan launched on broadcast, print and digital properties in November 2019 and used "soldier stories" to persuade youths to enlist.
2023
The Army has returned to the recruiting slogan of "Be All You Can Be." The effective date is March 8, 2023.
See also
United States Armed Forces
References
External links
U.S. Army Website
"Army Strong" theme song
United States Army
United States Army traditions |
Lamproderma is a genus of slime molds in the family Lamprodermataceae. As of 2015, there are 46 species in the genus.
Species
Lamproderma acanthosporum
Lamproderma aeneum
Lamproderma alexopouli
Lamproderma anglicum
Lamproderma arcyrioides
Lamproderma argenteobrunneum
Lamproderma cacographicum
Lamproderma collinsii
Lamproderma columbinum
Lamproderma cristatum
Lamproderma cucumer
Lamproderma debile
Lamproderma disseminatum
Lamproderma echinosporum
Lamproderma echinulatum
Lamproderma elasticum
Lamproderma granulosum
Lamproderma griseum
Lamproderma gulielmae
Lamproderma hieroglyphicum
Lamproderma kowalskii
Lamproderma latifilum
Lamproderma laxum
Lamproderma lycopodiicola
Lamproderma maculatum
Lamproderma magniretisporum
Lamproderma meyerianum
Lamproderma mucronatum
Lamproderma muscorum
Lamproderma nordica
Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum
Lamproderma ovoideum
Lamproderma piriforme
Lamproderma pseudomaculatum
Lamproderma pulchellum
Lamproderma pulveratum
Lamproderma puncticulatum
Lamproderma retirugisporum
Lamproderma sauteri
Lamproderma scintillans
Lamproderma spinulosporum
Lamproderma splendens
Lamproderma thindianum
Lamproderma tuberculosporum
Lamproderma verrucosum
Lamproderma zonatum
References
Myxogastria
Amoebozoa genera |
The 2010 Ukrainian Super Cup became the seventh edition of Ukrainian Super Cup, which is an annual football exhibition game contested by the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Top League and Ukrainian Cup competitions.
The match was played on 4 July 2010 in Zaporizhia at the Slavutych Arena which was completely rebuilt four years before.
This year the Super Cup was contested by league winner Shakhtar Donetsk and cup winner Tavriya Simferopol. Shakhtar won it by thrashing Crimeans 7–1.
Match
Details
2010
2010–11 in Ukrainian football
FC Shakhtar Donetsk matches
SC Tavriya Simferopol matches
Sport in Zaporizhzhia |
Charles Michael Healy (5 September 1899 – 18 March 1985) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
1899 births
1985 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
North Melbourne Football Club players
People from Flemington, Victoria |
Dommartin-la-Chaussée () is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
Parc naturel régional de Lorraine
References
Dommartinlachaussee |
Sir Alok Kumar Sharma (born 7 September 1967) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as President for COP26 from 2021 to 2022, having previously served as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2020 to 2021 and Secretary of State for International Development from 2019 to 2020. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Reading West since 2010.
Sharma served in Theresa May's government as Minister of State for Housing from 2017 to 2018 and as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Employment from 2018 to 2019. In 2019, he was appointed to Boris Johnson's cabinet as Secretary of State for International Development. In the 2020 cabinet reshuffle he was promoted to being Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, an office in which he served until 2021. Sharma was President of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) and negotiated the Glasgow Climate Pact.
Early life and career
Sharma was born in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, and moved to Reading with his parents when he was five years old. He had a Hindu upbringing. His father, Prem, was involved in Conservative politics in Reading, and became chairman of the Berkshire area of Conservatives before helping to establish the Conservative Friends of India.
Sharma was brought up in the Reading suburbs of Earley and Whitley Wood and attended Presentation College, Reading Blue Coat School in Sonning and the University of Salford, from where he graduated with a BSc in Applied Physics with Electronics in 1988.
He subsequently qualified as a chartered accountant, training with Deloitte Haskins & Sells in Manchester before moving into corporate finance advisory with Nikko Securities and then the Swedish Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, where he held senior roles based in London, Stockholm and Frankfurt. Sharma was an adviser to clients in the corporate and private-equity sector on cross-border mergers and acquisitions, listings and restructurings.
Sharma is a governor of a local primary school in Reading. Previously he served as a chairman of the political think-tank the Bow Group's Economic Affairs Committee.
Political career
Member of Parliament
Sharma was selected as the Conservative Party candidate for the Reading West constituency in 2006. He was elected as the MP for Reading West in the 2010 general election, winning a majority of 6,004 after the retirement of the Labour MP Martin Salter.
In the 2015 general election he was re-elected with an increased majority of 6,650.
In the 2017 general election, he won his seat with a reduced majority of 2,876. On being re-elected, Sharma wrote on his website: "Having grown up locally in Reading and being very much a local Reading man, I am delighted to have been re-elected for a constituency in my home town".
In the 2019 general election Sharma increased his majority to 4,117.
On 26 September 2023, Sharma announced his intention to stand down at the next general election.
Early parliamentary career (2010–2016)
Sharma served as a member of the Science and Technology Select Committee between July 2010 and February 2011 and the Treasury Select Committee between September 2014 and March 2015.
Sharma was Conservative Party Vice-Chairman from 2012 to 2015 and co-chairman of Conservative Friends of India in 2014.
In September 2011, Sharma was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Mark Hoban, the then Financial Secretary to the Treasury. During his time as a PPS, Sharma sat on a number of public bill committees including two finance bills, the 2013 Banking Reform Bill and the 2011 Pensions Bill. He also served as PPS to Sir Oliver Letwin, the former Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, who had overall responsibility for the Cabinet Office.
Following the death of two cyclists in Purley on Thames, Sharma campaigned in 2014 for longer prison sentences for those convicted of death by dangerous driving. Sharma initiated a Parliamentary debate on the issue and backed a petition, started by the families of victims, which gained more than 55,000 signatures.
Sharma campaigned to reduce the number of first-class carriages on trains operating on the Great Western route between Reading and London. In January 2015, he held a meeting with Rail Minister Claire Perry and First Great Western managing director Mark Hopwood to discuss proposals to increase Standard Class capacity to reduce overcrowding.
In 2016, Sharma was appointed as the Prime Minister's "Infrastructure Envoy to India".
Junior minister (2016–2019)
Sharma was Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from July 2016 to June 2017.
In June 2017 he was appointed Housing Minister, replacing Gavin Barwell, who lost his seat in the 2017 general election.
As the Minister of State for Housing, Sharma was responsible for the Government's response to the Grenfell Tower fire. He attracted media attention when he was visibly moved while making a statement to the House of Commons on 5 July 2017.
In January 2018, he became the Minister of State for Employment.
Secretary of State for International Development (2019–2020)
Sharma was appointed Secretary of State for International Development by Boris Johnson following the resignation of Rory Stewart in July 2019. Upon assuming the role, he said: "I am delighted... We will work across the whole of government to deliver Brexit and make sure the United Kingdom's aid is tackling global challenges that affect us all".
In October, Sharma stated he wanted to use the United Kingdom's leverage over the World Bank to focus the use of the nineteenth International Development Association fund on fighting climate change, building sustainable economies and promoting women's rights.
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2020–2021)
Following the dismissal of Andrea Leadsom in the 2020 cabinet reshuffle, Sharma was appointed to the position of Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, taking office on 13 February.
As Secretary of State, Sharma was one of the government's speakers at the daily coronavirus pandemic briefings from Downing Street. In June 2020, he appeared visibly unwell while delivering a statement in the House of Commons. Although he underwent a test for COVID-19 which came back negative, the situation led to questions being raised about the government's decision to end the use of the virtual parliament and make MPs return to the House of Commons chamber. Certain employees of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy were advised not to return to their work by the Public and Commercial Services Union, who said that there was a lack of evidence that the department had provided enough preventative measures against the virus.
In July 2020, Sharma instructed officials to purchase half of OneWeb, a satellite communications company, for $500 million. The company was purchased from Chapter 11 bankruptcy by the United Kingdom's government and Bharti Enterprises.
With the help of Lord Callanan, Sharma introduced the National Security and Investment Act 2021 to Parliament.
President for COP26 (2021–2022)
In addition to his appointment as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 13 February 2020, Sharma was also appointed President of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), following the dismissal of Claire Perry O'Neill in January 2020. At that time the conference was planned for November 2020; in May 2020 it was rearranged for November 2021. The Glasgow Climate Pact was negotiated at the conference under Sharma's Presidency.
On 8 January 2021, Sharma left his position as Secretary of State to become President of COP26 on a full-time basis, and chair of the Climate Action Implementation Committee. He moved to the Cabinet Office and retained his status as a full member of the cabinet. Sharma formally served as a Minister of State in the Cabinet Office.
Amid the July 2022 Conservative Party leadership election, Sharma threatened to resign if the winning candidate did not remain committed to the UK's net zero targets. He was reappointed to his role by the Truss ministry on 6 September 2022. Upon the appointment of Rishi Sunak as Prime Minister, Sharma retained the Presidency for COP26 but was removed from cabinet. Sharma left office on 20 November 2022 following the closing plenary of COP27 held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
Sharma was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to tackling climate change.
Political positions
Free schools
Sharma supported the opening in his Reading West constituency of one of the first free schools in England: All Saints Junior School opened in September 2011 and received an 'outstanding' rating in its first Ofsted report.
Sharma has also been appointed a patron of the Wren School, a new secondary free school opening in west Reading in September 2015. Sharma supported the West Reading Education Network in getting the new school approved and is helping the school to find an appropriate permanent site.
Heathrow Airport
Sharma has been a vocal supporter of the expansion of Heathrow Airport and has spoken in support of increasing the number of airport runways in the South East of England, claiming that "a lack of hub capacity is costing the United Kingdom jobs and investment". This is despite opposition in his own constituency. In 2009 he had opposed the third runway for the envionmentally unsustainable way it was being planned and had said: "A third runway at Heathrow would inflict huge damage to the environment and to the quality of life of millions of people. It is time for the government to abandon its plans for a third runway and, if a conservative government is elected, we will certainly stop this environmental disaster". He has argued that the expansion needs to be environmentally sustainable.
East West Leaders' Forum
Sharma set up the East West Leaders' Forum, a discussion forum between business leaders, to promote dialogue between the European Union, India and China. Theresa May, then Home Secretary, gave the keynote speech at the inaugural event, held in London in September 2014.
Brexit
Sharma supported the United Kingdom remaining within the European Union prior to the 2016 referendum. He backed Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit withdrawal agreement in early 2019, and subsequently supported Prime Minister Boris Johnson's withdrawal agreement in October 2019.
Personal life
Sharma is married and lives in Caversham, Reading, with his wife and two daughters. His wife is Swedish. Sharma took his oath in the House of Commons on the Bhagavad Gita in 2019.
Notes
References
External links
|-
1967 births
Living people
People from Agra
People educated at Reading Blue Coat School
Alumni of the University of Salford
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Reading
Ministers of State for Housing (UK)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Indian emigrants to England
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom |
George Burnaby Drayson (9 March 1913 – 16 September 1983) was a British Conservative Party politician.
Drayson was educated at Borlase School and was a company director and a member of the London Stock Exchange 1935–54. During World War II he served in the Western Desert with the Royal Artillery and was taken prisoner. He escaped in September 1943, and walked 500 miles, with a companion, through Axis-occupied Italy from north to south. He was a member of the Royal Agricultural Society and the Livestock Export Council of Great Britain.
Drayson was member of parliament for Skipton from 1945 to 1979, preceding John Watson. Drayson saw off strong Liberal Party challenges to his position. He came closest to losing in the October 1974 general election to the ebullient, local Liberal candidate Claire Brooks just holding on with the narrow majority of 590 (1.4%).
References
Times Guide to the House of Commons October 1974
External links
1913 births
1983 deaths
Royal Artillery officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979 |
```javascript
/**
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* as published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*
*/
import { combineReducers, } from 'redux'
import liveValueReducer from './liveValueReducer'
const metadataReducer = combineReducers({
liveValues: liveValueReducer,
})
export default metadataReducer
``` |
Rubí () is a municipality in Catalonia (Spain), in the comarca of Vallès Occidental and the province of Barcelona, 15 kilometers from Barcelona. It is bordered on the north by Terrassa and Ullastrell, on the south by Sant Cugat del Vallès, on the west by Castellbisbal and on the east by Sant Quirze del Vallès.
History
The city is believed to be of Roman origin, in view of the number of amphoras and writings that have been found, although the city was reportedly founded 986 with the name of Rivo Rubeo. At the death of Wilfred the Hairy, the border between Al-Andalus and Catalan counties was delimited by the river Llobregat, with Catalans to the north and Muslims to the south; Rubí was therefore very close to the border.
In 1233, Berenguer de Rubí asked the king Jaume I to build a new castle, which is now the Ecomuseu Castell de Rubí, a museum about the town.
With the Industrial Revolution, the town's population grew dramatically, with the decline of agriculture and the growth of textile industries near the . Some of the early mills still exist.
In 1919 Rubí was connected to Barcelona and Terrassa by railway and the new, rich bourgeoisie built modernista-style buildings such as the Escoles Ribas and Torre Bassas. The Celler Cooperatiu was built during the period of the Commonwealth of Catalonia and the dominance of the cooperativism in agriculture.
Industry developed very quickly and now many different kinds of industries are located in Rubí, ranging from textile manufacturing to electronics and chemical products. Some of these factories have been closed in recent years to move to China or eastern countries.
Rubí lost most of its agriculture in 1962, when disastrous flooding destroyed the lowest part of the town and affected the cities near the Riera de Rubí. Those floods are considered to have been the worst such catastrophe to have occurred in Spain.
Since the 1990s, Rubí has been receiving a new wave of immigration from South America and North Africa.
Economy
The population of Rubí is currently growing due to immigration and the movement of population from Barcelona city because of the high housing prices there. Most of the population works in services sector (47.9%), basically in minor commerce. Industry is still a very important sector (40.1%), although the unemployment rate (6.4% in 2006) is higher than the provincial average.
Main sights
Castle
Celler Cooperatiu, a Modernist building constructed in 1920-1921
Church of Sant Pere
Roman archaeological site of Ca n'Oriol
Ethnographical Museum
Can Oriol Forest
Typical Farmhouses Route
Education
Rubí has eleven public elementary schools (CEIP): CEIP 25 de Setembre, CEIP Ca n'Alzamora, CEIP Joan Maragall, CEIP Maria Montessori, CEIP Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer, CEIP Pau Casals, CEIP Ramon Llull, CEIP Rivo Rubeo, CEIP Schola, CEIP Teresa Altet and CEIP Torre de la Llebre.
The town has four public middle schools (IES): 'IES Duc de Montblanc, IES J. V. Foix, IES L'Estatut and IES La Serreta.
It also has the private schools of Regina, Ribas, Nostra Senyora de Montserrat, Balmes and Escola Maristes de Rubí.
Health
Rubí has three health centers (CAP): CAP1 Mútua de Terrassa, CAP2 Anton de Borja and CAP3 Sant Genís. In addition, there is the Ferran Salsas i Roig Health Orientation Center (COS) and a mental health day center (CDSM). A new hospital is being planned in Can Sant Joan.
Sport
The In-line hockey club, Cent Patins Rubí, was founded in 1992 during the Olympic Games in Barcelona. The club is playing at national and European level. The professional team has won the European Cup Championships 2009 and two national titles the seasons 2005/06 and 2008/09.
Rubí's football team was founded in 1912 and is playing in the third division of Spain.
MotoE World Cup champion Jordi Torres was born in Rubí.
Transportation
The municipality of Rubí is situated near one of Catalonia's main communications hubs. Its public transport lines are included in the integrated fare system of Barcelona, under the aegis of the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità.
Railway
Both the main railway companies that operate in Catalonia have stations in Rubí.
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya's lines, known as "Metro del Vallès", join Barcelona with Terrassa and Sabadell. Lines S1 and S5 serve Rubí.
Renfe Rodalies Barcelona opened a new station in Rubí a few years ago. Line R7 serves Rubi's RENFE station and joins Martorell with Barcelona.
Urban Buses
L1 - El Pinar - Can Serrafossà
L2 - El Pinar/Can Rosés - Can Vallhonrat
L3 - Castellnou - Estació
L4 - Can Rosés - Estació
L5 - Estació - Can Rosés
L6 - Pol. La Bastida - Pol. Rubí Sud
L7 - Estació - ?
Interurban Bus
Autos Castellbisbal. SA: Rubí - El Papiol - Molins de Rei
Autos Castellbisbal. SA: Rubí - Castellbisbal
Autos Castellbisbal. SA: Sabadell - Sant Quirze del Vallès - Rubí - Hospital General
Sarbus nocturno (N61): Barcelona - Rubí - Les Fonts
Sarbus B7: Rubí - Sant Cugat del Vallès - Cerdanyola del Vallès
Sarbus B8: Sant Quirze del Vallès - Terrassa - Rubí - Sant Cugat del Vallès
Transports Generals d'Olesa, S.A.: Ullastrell - Rubí - Terrassa
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Rubí is twinned with:
Boyeros, Cuba
Clichy, France
Ocotal, Nicaragua
Pudahuel, Chile
References
External links
Official website
Government data pages
Municipalities in Vallès Occidental |
Yitzhak Olshan (, February 19, 1895 – February 5, 1983) was an Israeli jurist and the second President of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1954 to 1965.
Biography
Olshan was born in Kaunas in the Russian Empire (now Lithuania) in 1895 and immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1912. He joined the Hagana and the Jewish Legion. He studied law and oriental studies at the University of London. As an attorney, he represented the Yishuv before the British Mandate of Palestine authorities.
In 1948 he was appointed a Supreme Court of Israel judge. He headed a parliamentary commission to investigate the Israel Defense Forces' (IDF) economy and the Central Elections Committee of the second Knesset. In 1954 he was appointed by Moshe Sharett head of the inquiry commission regarding the Lavon affair with President of the Technion and former IDF Chief of Staff, Yaakov Dori.
In 1954, he succeeded Moshe Smoira as President of the Supreme Court. He retired in 1965 and was succeeded by Shimon Agranat. He died in 1983.
References
1895 births
Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Israel
Lithuanian Jews
1983 deaths
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire
Alumni of the University of London |
Savannah station may refer to:
Savannah station (Amtrak), the current train station in Savannah, Georgia
Savannah Union Station, a demolished former train station in Savannah
The former train station at the Central of Georgia Railroad: Savannah Shops and Terminal Facilities |
is a 2006 role-playing video game developed by Brownie Brown and HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. It is the third entry in the Mother series. The game follows Lucas, a young boy with psychic abilities, and a party of characters as they attempt to prevent a mysterious invading army from corrupting and destroying the world.
Like previous entries, Mother 3 focuses on exploring the game world from a top-down perspective and engaging in turn-based combat with enemies. Its development spanned twelve years and four consoles, beginning in 1994 for the Super Famicom and then transitioning to the Nintendo 64 and its 64DD add-on. It was initially canceled in 2000, but development was restarted in 2003 for the Game Boy Advance.
Mother 3 was never localized or released outside Japan, due to its release near the end of the Advance's lifespan and the company focusing on the Nintendo DS. However, it was a critical and commercial success in the years that followed and has generated a cult following, in which it received praise for its character development, stylized graphics, music, and story, but was criticized for its lack of innovation in the role-playing genre. The game is noted for its themes of grief and rebellion against tyranny, and its progressively more mature and dramatic tone than its previous two installments.
An unofficial English fan translation was released by the Starmen.net internet community in 2008, and received over 100,000 downloads within a week. Mother 3 was re-released for the Wii U Virtual Console in Japan in 2016.
Gameplay
Mother 3 is a single-player role-playing video game similar to previous games in the Mother series. The player controls a party of playable characters who explore the game's two-dimensional fictional world, primarily shown from a top-down perspective. While navigating the overworld, the player may converse with non-player characters, obtain items, or encounter enemies. Winning battles against enemies awards experience points to the party, which is required for leveling up. Leveling up a character permanently enhances its individual attributes such as maximum hit points (HP), power points (PP), offense, and defense. Weapons, armor, or accessories can be equipped on a character to increase certain attributes. The player can restore their characters' HP and PP or heal various status ailments by visiting hot springs which are abundant in the game world, and the player can save the game by talking to frogs. Currency is introduced in the later half of the game as Dragon Points (DP), earned by winning battles and used to purchase items. The player can deposit or withdraw DP from frogs.
Mother 3 retains the turn-based battle system featured in EarthBound. When the player comes into contact with an enemy in the overworld, the game transitions to a battle screen. Battles are viewed from a presumed first-person perspective, showing the enemies against a distorted, animated background. The player can assign each character in their party to perform an action, such as attacking an enemy or using items to restore HP or PP. Some characters can utilize psychic-based abilities referred to as PSI, which includes stronger attacks and healing abilities, and require PP to execute. Like EarthBound, combat uses a "rolling health" system: when one of the player's characters is injured, its HP will gradually "roll" down, similar to an odometer, rather than immediately decremented. This allows a mortally wounded character to perform actions like attacking or healing themselves, as long as the player acts quickly enough. If a character loses all HP, it will become unconscious and cannot participate unless revived by another character. The player loses a battle if all characters become unconscious; the player will then be given the option to continue play from the nearest save point, but with half the DP on their person.
Combat in Mother 3 includes a unique musical combo system not seen in previous Mother games. When one of the player's characters directly attacks an enemy with a weapon, they can repeatedly attack the enemy by pressing the button in time with the beat of the background music, with each enemy possessing a musical theme with different rhythms. Using this system, the player can attack the enemy up to sixteen times in a row. When the correct beat is not apparent, the player can put the enemy to sleep to isolate the beat from the music.
Plot
Mother 3 is set in the fictional Nowhere Islands, an unknown length of time after the events of Mother 2. The game begins with twins Lucas and Claus and their mother Hinawa preparing to return home to Tazmily Village after visiting Hinawa's father, who lives in the northern reaches of the Islands. Before they can return, Tazmily Village is attacked by a mysterious military force known as the Pigmask Army, who bomb the nearby forest and start a forest fire. Hinawa's husband, Flint, is alerted to the fire and sets out to rescue his family. He finds Lucas and Claus, but discovers that Hinawa was killed defending them from a hostile Drago, a normally peaceful lizard-like creature. Later, Claus leaves the village to take revenge on the Drago; Flint attempts to follow him and discovers and defeats the Drago, which has been turned into a cyborg, but fails to find Claus.
In response to the Pigmasks' invasion, neophyte thief Duster is sent by his father and teacher Wess to the abandoned Osohe Castle to retrieve the mysterious Egg of Light. While there he meets the spirited young Princess Kumatora, but both he and the Egg are caught in a trap and vanish. At the same time a mysterious peddler known as Yokuba, who works with the Pigmasks, sells television-like devices known as Happy Boxes to the townspeople, with the unwilling help of a monkey named Salsa who he abuses. Yokuba introduces the villagers to the concept of currency, giving some money to one of them and then framing Duster for the theft of it. Salsa escapes from Yokuba's control with the help of Kumatora, Lucas, and Wess.
Three years later, Tazmily Village has been taken over by the Pigmask Army, who have modernized it with railways, Happy Boxes, and other modern technology. Lucas hears rumours that Duster, who has been missing since leaving for Osohe Castle, is working as a bassist at the nearby Club Titiboo, and sets off with his dog Boney. While travelling there, he learns psychic powers from a superpowered, benevolent, androgynous creature known as a Magypsy. At the club, he finds Kumatora working as a waitress, as well as Duster, who has lost his memory. They join and recover the Egg and restore Duster's memory, but while attempting to board a flying Pigmask airship, a mysterious Masked Man shakes them off and sends them flying to the ground, separating them.
Lucas and Boney land in a haystack back in Tazmily, and learn from the Magypsies that beneath the Islands is a massive dragon. The Magypsies' purpose is to guard seven Needles that were placed in the dragon to control its power; whoever pulls most of the Needles will be able to use the dragon's incredible power to completely reshape the world. Because of this, the Masked Man is trying to find and pull the Needles. Lucas and Boney reunite with Duster and Kumatora and race to pull the Needles before the Masked Man, but only manage to pull three before him, with the Masked Man pulling another three.
The seventh and final Needle is located beneath New Pork City, the capital of the Pigmasks. Lucas and company travel there and meet Leder, another villager, who reveals that the inhabitants of Tazmily Village are the last survivors of a global apocalypse, who travelled to the Nowhere Islands as they were protected by the dragon's power. To prevent a second apocalypse from reoccurring, the survivors sealed their previous memories in the Egg of Light; Leder was given the role of revealing the truth if the situation called for it. He also reveals that the leader of the Pigmasks is Porky Minch (Known as Pokey Minch in Mother 2), who after the events of Mother 2 travelled in time to the Nowhere Islands and began building an empire there, kidnapping inhabitants from other time periods (including Dr. Andonuts from Mother 2) to populate it, as well as transforming the local wildlife into twisted new forms (including the Drago that killed Hinawa).
Lucas and company set out to confront Porky and pull the last needle. While fighting their way to him, they discover that Yokuba was the Magypsy responsible for protecting the seventh Needle, who turned traitor and started working for the Pigmasks. The heroes confront Porky deep beneath New Pork City, but he seals himself inside an "Absolutely Safe Capsule" built by Dr. Andonuts; unbeknownst to him, however, Andonuts has tricked him, as the Absolutely Safe Capsule also renders the outside world safe by permanently sealing Porky within it.
Lucas reaches the seventh needle and confronts the Masked Man, who is revealed to be a brainwashed Claus. During the battle between Claus and Lucas, Claus's memory of his mother restores his humanity and ultimately unleashes the lightning on Lucas as a sacrifice, which was reflected by the Franklin's badge. Lucas pulls the final Needle, awakening the Dragon and destroying the Nowhere Islands.
In an epilogue set in pitch darkness, the game's cast reveals that they have survived and wish the player farewell. After the credits, the Mother 3 logo is shown restored to being made completely of wood.
Development
Development of Mother 3 began in 1994 for the Super Famicom with Shigeru Miyamoto and Satoru Iwata as producers. The team mostly consisted of members involved in the development of the previous Mother game, EarthBound. Inspired by Super Mario 64, the team transitioned from the Super Famicom to the Nintendo 64, believing that they could also creatively flourish by making a 3D world without technical restrictions. However, their early specifications exceeded the capabilities and memory limits of Nintendo 64; halfway through development the team scaled back its large scope and changed the platform to the 64DD, a Nintendo 64 expansion peripheral that was later released only in Japan in 1999. Mother 3 was expected to be a 64DD launch game, but development shifted back to the Nintendo 64 after the 64DD's commercial failure.
Nintendo showcased a demo of Mother 3 at the 1999 Nintendo Space World trade show. It was expected to be released in North America under the title EarthBound 64, on a 256-megabit cartridge, similar to The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. IGN reacted favorably to the demo and compared the multi-character narrative to the Japan-only Super Famicom RPG Live A Live, and Famitsu readers ranked the game as one of their top ten most anticipated towards the end of 1999.
Shigesato Itoi announced in late August 2000 that Mother 3 had been cancelled following a number of delays. Iwata and Miyamoto clarified in an interview that resources had been moved to the development of the GameCube, the next Nintendo console. Itoi stated that an additional two years would have been required to finish the game, which was 30% complete at the time of cancellation. Iwata stated retrospectively that the focus on 3D graphics made the project overcomplex. Miyamoto also stated that the Mother franchise had not been abandoned and that he was still interested in bringing the game to fruition.
In 2003, in a Japanese commercial for the compilation game Mother 1+2, Nintendo announced that it had restarted the development of Mother 3 for the portable Game Boy Advance console. Itoi had believed that restarting the project was impossible but changed his mind following encouragement from the Mother fanbase. Nintendo subsidiary Brownie Brown developed the game, with input from Itoi. While the graphics were changed from 3D to 2D, the story was not altered. Mother 3 was about 60% complete by July 2004, and was released on April 20, 2006 in Japan.
Design
Itoi thought of the concept behind Mother 3 towards the end of Mother 2 production, a "detective story where the city was the main character". He thought of a hack, small-time, womanizing private investigator who would become engrossed in a big murder case, and the story would unfold from a young female clerk at a flower shop who would slowly recall parts of a story consequential to the plot. Thus, the city would appear to grow. This idea of a "single place changing over time" was central to Mother 3. Unlike previous RPGs, which he saw as "road movies" with little reason to revisit, he wanted the player to see the town gossip grow dynamically. It was enough of a departure from the series that the development team questioned whether fans would consider it part of the series. Itoi intended the game to have 12 chapters with various game mechanics and rotating player-characters. He conceptualized the development as moving 3D puppets before realizing the degree of programming required. As development wore on, Itoi reduced the scope of the chapters until seven or nine were left. The "uncomfortable beauty" of chimera—multiple creatures fused into one—was central to the game and the idea behind the metallic and wooden Mother 3 logo. Itoi served less of a manager role and more as a team member and scriptwriter than in previous Mother development cycles. He saw himself as simultaneously making the game he wanted to play and setting traps for the player, and as making a game Nintendo could not.
Itoi chose to use the pixelated style of Mother 2 for the Game Boy Advance Mother 3 because he was uninterested in computer graphics trends. The series' games were written in the hiragana alphabet instead of in kanji (Chinese characters) so as to remain accessible to young children. Itoi described the game world as governed by a "might equals right ... macho" power struggle. The antagonist, Porky, was designed as a "symbol of humankind", complementing Itoi's view of evil on a fungible morality spectrum with "pranks" and "crimes" at its extremes. Itoi compared the way in which the characters realize their psychic powers with menstruation and added that human physiology was "one of his themes". Players sweat when learning an ability based on Itoi's belief of how physical struggle facilitates growth. He also included characters like the Magypsies and Duster (who has a bad leg) to show the value of having friends with different qualities.
Another of his themes was the duality of the seriousness and lightheartedness of games, which is why he added a serious death scene to the first chapter. Itoi's Nintendo 64 version of the final battle was darker, "dirtier", and more upsetting, though the final version changed little in concept. Itoi attributed the change in tone to his own growth and the character composition of the new development team. Itoi later reflected on the ending's lesson on the virtue of helping bad people. Itoi felt that the ending's renewal theme reflected his worldview of appreciating our time on Earth in light of the planet's inevitable end. Much of the rest of the script was written after-hours at a local hotel where they would continue their work.
Music
Shogo Sakai, a video game composer at HAL Laboratory whose previous works include music for Kirby Air Ride and Super Smash Bros. Melee, composed Mother 3 soundtrack. Shigesato Itoi stated that Sakai was chosen for the role given his deep understanding of the game's story and the EarthBound series in general, in addition to the fact that EarthBound composers Keiichi Suzuki and Hirokazu Tanaka were both unavailable. Sakai worked to make the music feel similar to previous entries in the series. The Mother 3 soundtrack was released on compact disc on November 2, 2006. Kyle Miller of RPGFan wrote that the game retained the quirkiness of the previous soundtracks in the series despite the change in composers. He found the second half of the album, which included reinterpreted "classics" from the series, to be its strongest.
"Love Theme", the main theme of Mother 3, was composed late in the game's development; earlier in development Itoi intended to use the "Pigmask Army" theme as the main theme of the game. During the creation of an important scene in the game, however, Sakai was asked to create a song that would have a greater impact than the Pigmask theme; upon its creation, it was chosen to be used as the main theme instead of the "Pigmask Army" song. Itoi claims that, given how quickly Sakai composed the song, that he had been "waiting for the order" to make a song like "Love Theme". Itoi requested that "Love Theme" be playable on a piano with only one finger, as the "Eight Melodies" theme from Mother had gained popularity and been played in elementary schools due to its simplicity. The "OK desu ka?" that plays after the player chooses the character's name was recorded without Itoi's knowledge by Hirokazu Tanaka more than a decade before the release of Mother 3.
Release
Mother 3 was released in Japan on April 20, 2006, where it became a bestseller. Prior to its release, the game was in the "top five most wanted games" of Famitsu and at the top of the Japanese preordered game charts. At one point leading up to its release, the game's "Love Theme" would play as music on hold for the Japan Post. A limited edition Deluxe Box Set was produced with a special edition Game Boy Micro and Franklin Badge pin. The game was marketed in Japan with a television commercial that has Japanese actress Kō Shibasaki on the verge of tears as she explains her feelings about Mother 3. Itoi has said that her performance was unscripted. The game was released for the Japanese Virtual Console on the Wii U in December 2015. Game Informer editor Imran Khan alleges that Nintendo planned an English localization but canceled it due to fears that the central theme of bereavement, as well as instances of drug use and animal cruelty, would generate controversy. Former Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé later said in an interview with Bloomberg News that the lack of localization was because it "just didn't make business sense" to make one for a game released very late in the handheld's lifespan. He also said that he was in talks with Iwata to possibly release it on the North American Wii U eShop prior to Iwata's passing.
Fan translation
Mother 3 did not receive an official release outside Japan. On October 17, 2008, Starmen.net released a fan translation patch that, when applied on a copy of the Mother 3 ROM image, converts all the game's text into English. Reid Young, co-founder of Starmen.net, said that when they realized Nintendo was not going to localize Mother 3, they decided to undertake the task, for themselves and for fans of the game. The translation team consisted of around a dozen individuals, including project lead Clyde "Tomato" Mandelin, a professional Japanese-to-English translator. The project took two years and thousands of work-hours to complete; it was estimated that the theoretical freelance cost of the translation was $30,000.
The project included translating, writing, and revising about 1,000 pages of the game script in addition to extensive ROM hacking and testing to ensure that the game properly displays the translated text. The translation included minor deviations from the original, such as localization of place names and puns. The few dramatic changes included renaming some characters and locations. For example, the character "Yokuba", loosely derived from , was renamed "Fassad", loosely derived from the French word façade and, incidentally, the Arabic word fasād (فساد, "corruption"). The ROM hacking entailed assembly-level changes to the game code to support features such as variable width fonts.
The team reported that "the highest levels" of Nintendo of America knew about their project, though they did not intervene. The localization team planned to end the project if Nintendo were to make an announcement about the future of the game, or if they were asked to cease development of the translation. They acknowledged that the legality of the localization was unclear since the final translation required use of an emulator or a flash cartridge. The localization patch was downloaded over 100,000 times in the first week following its release. Along with the translation, the team announced the Mother 3 Handbook, an English player's guide for the game that had been in development since June 2008. Wired reported the full-color, 200-page player's guide to be akin to a professional strategy guide, with quality "on par with ... Prima Games and BradyGames". The Verge cited the two-year fan translation of Mother 3 as proof of the fan base's dedication, and Jenni Lada of TechnologyTell called it "undoubtedly one of the best known fan translations in existence", with active retranslations into other languages.
Reception
Mother 3 received critical acclaim, it sold around 200,000 copies in its first week of sales in Japan and despite not having an English localization, critics imported it for reception and gave it mostly positive reviews. It was one of Japan's top 20 bestselling games for the first half of 2006, and received a "Platinum Hall of Fame" score of 35/40 from Japanese reviewer Weekly Famitsu. It ended the year with over 368,000 copies sold, the 36th highest of the year in Japan. Jenni Lada of TechnologyTell called it the "perfect" Game Boy Advance role-playing game. Reviewers praised its story (even though the game was only available in Japanese) and graphics, and lamented its 1990s role-playing game mechanics. Critics also complimented its music.
Famitsu reviewers noted the level of detail from the game's direction, accessibility and wit of the story, unconventional art style, and conventional game mechanics. They considered the timed battles to be both useful and difficult. Eurogamer Simon Parkin detailed the 12-year development, the series' legacy as both "one of Japan's most beloved" and the video game cognoscenti's "sacred cow", and the endurance of its fan community. He was impressed by the quality of the fan translation and described Itoi as a "storyteller" who chose the Japanese role-playing game medium to tell his story. Parkin noted how the "excellent" script unfurled from a "straightforward tale" into "breadth and depth of quality that few titles many times its budget achieve" with "affecting scenes" and "unexpected impact". He compared the chapter approach with the method of Dragon Quest IV. Parkin wrote that the script allowed for the somewhat "heavy-handed" juxtaposition of "nature and technology, feudalism and capitalism, individuals and community", and that what he first considers a name customization "trick" becomes useful later in the game. NGC Magazine Mark Green wrote that the game felt like Mother 2.5 in its look and feel, which he did not consider negative, albeit somewhat antiquated. Lada of TechnologyTell said Mother 3 was surprisingly "darker" than its forebears.
Eurogamer Parkin wrote that the "childlike" and "unusually Western" graphics were similar to EarthBound in "flat pastel textures devoid of shading" as juxtaposed with background art that "fizzes with life and character". He described the cutscenes' animations as "bespoke", rare for 16-bit role-playing games, and of greater dramatic impact. RPGamer Jordan Jackson wrote that the visuals are typical of the series and fit the game's mood, and the website's Mike Moehnke criticized the inventory limits carried over from the previous game. Green of NGC said the game mechanics were "depressingly basic" against more advanced role-playing games. Eurogamer Parkin felt that the role-playing game elements were less interesting and added that Mother 3 had few standout selling points other than its attention to detail and "only systemic innovation": the rhythm-based battle system. Kotaku Richard Eisenbeis praised the system, and GameSpot Greg Kasavin compared it with that of the Mario & Luigi series. Jackson wrote that the music was "just as catchy as previous games" despite being "almost completely new". Moehnke agreed, calling it "nothing less than stunning". He noted overtones of Wagner and Chuck Berry. Jackson said that the game was somewhat easier than the rest of the series and somewhat shorter, at about 30 hours in length. Both RPGamer reviewers noted that Mother 3 has few penalties for death. Jackson reflected that while the game is humorous and grows in enjoyment, it has some somber moments as well. Eisenbeis of Kotaku cited "the importance of mothers" as a key theme about which the game revolves, which he preferred to the mid-game "slapstick insanity" and final plot twist. Parkin wrote that the game was filled with "memorable moments", including a character who criticizes the player "for not giggling at puns", frogs with progressively silly costumes that save the game, a "reconstructed mecha caribou" battle, a bad haiku, and the "campfire scene", and that while the game's simpleness could have leaned towards "raw stupidity", instead it was "elegant in its simplicity".
Legacy
Multiple critics wrote that Mother 3 was one of the best role-playing games for the Game Boy Advance. GamePro Jeremy Signor listed it among his "best unreleased Japanese role-playing games" for its script and attention to detail. Tim Rogers posited that Mother 3 was "the closest games have yet come to literature."
Nintendo has been heavily criticized for Mother 3 lack of an international release. IGN referred to the Mother series as "neglected" in regards to EarthBound being the only game to be released outside Japan across the decades until 2015. Bob Mackey of 1UP.com wrote of Mother 3 that no other game in the history of time garnered such demand for translation, and Chris Plante of UGO Networks wrote that the lack of an official Mother 3 English localization was one of 2008's "worst heartbreaks". Frank Caron of Ars Technica said that the fan translation's "massive undertaking ... stands as a massive success" and that "one cannot even begin to fathom why Nintendo wouldn't see fit to release the game in the West".
Although acclaimed, Mother series writer and creator Shigesato Itoi has stated that he does not have any plans to create a fourth installment in the series.
The Super Smash Bros. series features Lucas as a playable fighter, as well as minor characters as collectibles, items, or stage hazards.
During Nintendo's digital event at E3 2014, Nintendo made a humorous reference to Mother 3s lack of a localization by presenting a stop-motion animation created by Robot Chicken. The short features a fan in attendance talking to then-Nintendo of America President Reggie Fils-Aimé. After the fan says "Come on, Reggie, give us Mother 3!", Fils-Aimé responds by saying "How about this instead?" and then proceeds to eat a Fire Flower from the Super Mario series in order to throw a fireball at the fan.
Notes
References
Sources
External links
2006 video games
Brownie Brown games
Cancelled 64DD games
Cancelled Nintendo 64 games
Cancelled Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Science fiction comedy
Video games about dinosaurs
Fiction about mind control
Fiction about suicide
Game Boy Advance games
Grief in fiction
HAL Laboratory games
Japan-exclusive video games
Japanese role-playing video games
Media containing Gymnopedies
Mother (video game series)
Vaporware video games
Video games about psychic powers
Video games about twins
Science fantasy video games
Single-player video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set on islands
Video games scored by Shogo Sakai
Video games with oblique graphics
Virtual Console games for Wii U
Works about twin brothers
Video games produced by Kensuke Tanabe
Video games about siblings |
Redcar British Steel (also known as British Steel Redcar) is a mothballed railway station on the Tees Valley Line, which runs between and via . The station, situated east of Middlesbrough, served the Teesside Steelworks, Redcar and Cleveland in North Yorkshire, England. At the time of the station's closure, it was owned by Network Rail and managed by Arriva Rail North.
History
The station was opened by British Rail on 19 June 1978. It is situated on a re-sited portion of route that was commissioned to allow the previous alignment to be used for an expansion of the Teesside Steelworks. This included a station at , which was closed and replaced by the current station.
In the 2014–15 period, the Office of Rail and Road recorded a total of 1,570 entries and exits. In 2015, the majority of the Teesside Steelworks closed, resulting in a drop in passenger usage of the station.
In the 2016–17 period the entries and exits dropped to fifty, making it the fourth least-used station in Britain. In the 2017–18 period, it was named the least used station in Britain with only forty entries and exits, surpassing .
The station saw a significant increase in passengers in the 2018–19 and 2019–20 periods, with 360 and 1,060 entries and exits respectively, which was likely attributed to its "least-used" status. This "least-used" status was highlighted in Geoff Marshall's video about the station.
Arriva Rail North suspended services from the station on 14 December 2019, and as of September 2022, services have not resumed. However, work to regenerate the site of the former Teesside Steelworks is being undertaken by South Tees Development Corporation, which aims to redevelop the station and improve services.
Facilities
At the time of the station's closure, it had two platforms, both of which had very basic amenities. There was a waiting shelter on both platforms, as well as timetable posters. There was no step-free access between platforms, which could be accessed only by a metal footbridge.
Services
At the time of closure, the station was served by four trains per day. Heading east, two trains per day operated to , which commenced at Hexham via Hartlepool (morning) and (afternoon) respectively. Heading west, two trains per day operated to Bishop Auckland, both of which commenced at Saltburn. All services were operated by Arriva Rail North.
Rolling stock used: Class 142 Pacer, Class 156 Super Sprinter and Class 158 Express Sprinter
References
Notes
External links
Disused railway stations in Redcar and Cleveland
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1978
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 2019
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Low usage railway stations in the United Kingdom
Redcar |
Frank James Coyle (November 2, 1886 – February 20, 1947) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. In 1912 he finished eighth in the pole vault event.
References
External links
1886 births
1947 deaths
Track and field athletes from Chicago
American male pole vaulters
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
A holdfast is a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate.
Holdfasts vary in shape and form depending on both the species and the substrate type. The holdfasts of organisms that live in muddy substrates often have complex tangles of root-like growths. These projections are called haptera and similar structures of the same name are found on lichens. The holdfasts of organisms that live in sandy substrates are bulb-like and very flexible, such as those of sea pens, thus permitting the organism to pull the entire body into the substrate when the holdfast is contracted. The holdfasts of organisms that live on smooth surfaces (such as the surface of a boulder) have flattened bases which adhere to the surface. The organism derives no nutrition from this intimate contact with the substrate, as the process of liberating nutrients from the substrate requires enzymatically eroding the substrate away, thereby increasing the risk of organism falling off the substrate.
The claw-like holdfasts of kelps and other algae differ from the roots of land plants, in that they have no absorbent function, instead serving only as an anchor.
References
Plant morphology
es:Rizoide |
An election to Dublin County Council in the electoral county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown within Dublin County took place on 27 June 1991 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 28 councillors were elected from 7 local electoral areas on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote for a five-year term of office. It was one of three electoral counties within Dublin County at this election, the others being Fingal and South Dublin.
The councillors elected for the electoral areas of Ballybrack, Blackrock and Dún Laoghaire also served as the members of the Corporation of Dún Laoghaire, the council of the Borough of Dún Laoghaire.
From 1 January 1994, on the coming into effect of the Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993, County Dublin was disestablished as an administrative county, and in its place the electoral counties became three new counties. The Borough of Dún Laoghaire was also disestablished as of that date. The councillors listed below became the councillors for Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council from that date.
The term of office was extended twice, first to 1998, then to 1999.
Results by party
Results by local electoral area
Ballybrack
Blackrock
Clonskeagh
Dundrum
Dún Laoghaire
Glencullen
Stillorgan
References
External links
Official website
irishelectionliterature
Dublin County Council
Dublin County Council elections
Elections in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown |
Will S. Kendrick is a Republican politician who served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008, representing the 10th District.
History
Kendrick was born in Carrabelle and served on the Franklin County Commission from 1980 to 1984. He then served on the county school board from 1986 to 2000, including a seven-year stint as chairman from 1992 to 1999. Kendrick was elected to his final term on the Board in 1998, beating challenger David Hinton 71–29%.
Florida House of Representatives
In 2000, when incumbent State Representative Janegale Boyd opted to run for the State Senate rather than seek re-election, Kendrick ran to succeed her in the 10th District, which stretched from Apalachicola to the Tallahassee suburbs in the Panhandle down to outer Gainesville and Ocala in North Central Florida. In the Democratic primary, he faced attorney Joyce Dove, businessman Johnny "Hank" Hankerson, developer George Johnston, attorney Joseph Lander, Wakulla County Commissioner Murray McLaughlin, and former State Representative Carl Ogden. In the initial primary, no candidate received a majority—Kendrick won 23% the vote, Hankerson won 21%, Lander won 18%, McLaughlin won 15%, Dove won 11%, Ogden won 9%, and Johnston won 4%. Accordingly, a runoff was held between Kendrick and Hankerson. Despite the closeness of the initial primary, however, Kendrick defeated Hankerson in a rout, receiving 61% of the vote to Hankerson's 39%. In the general election, Kendrick faced Carol "Sunny" Phillips, state comptroller Bob Milligan's chief lobbyist and the Republican nominee. Despite the district's conservative lean, Kendrick easily defeated Phillips, winning 61–39%.
In 2002, Kendrick faced no opposition in the Democratic primary and was only opposed by Libertarian candidate John McElligott in the general election. Kendrick won in a landslide, beating McElligott 85–15%. In 2004 and 2006, Kendrick was unopposed for re-election.
After winning re-election in 2006, Kendrick announced that he was switching to the Republican Party. He criticized the Democratic Party for taking him for granted, and argued that he would be better able to win state funding for projects in his district as a Republican in the Republican-dominated house. Following his party switch, he was named Chairman of the House Committeeon on Conservation and State Lands. As Chairman, he successfully pushed to increase funding for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission by increasing fees, protected state funding for wildlife preservation, established a program to preserve seagrass by creating seagrass mitigation banks, and backed an effort to restore the Crooked River Light Station's beam. Kendrick also sponsored legislation to provide breakfast to middle school students and successfully pushed to expand the Franklin Correctional Institution in Carrabelle to add a work camp.
2008 campaign for Franklin County Superintendent of Schools
On January 25, 2007, Kendrick announced that he would run for Franklin County Superintendent as a Republican. However, he later filed to run for Superintendent without party affiliation, arguing that it would better enable him to win the votes of Democrats and Republicans. He faced off in the general election against School Board member Denise Butler, the Republican nominee, and Nina Marks, the dean of Franklin County High School and the Democratic nominee. After a closely fought race, Kendrick lost to Marks, winning 30% of the vote to Marks's 39%, and narrowly edging out Butler, who placed third with 29% of the vote.
After politics
After leaving the Florida House in 2008, Kendrick began working as a legislative liaison for the Florida Department of Corrections. In 2015, when Franklin County Supervisor of Elections Ida Cooper Elliott resigned, Kendrick applied to replace her. However, Governor Rick Scott ended up appointing County Commissioner Pinki Jackel instead.
References
External links
Florida House of Representatives - Will Kendrick
1960 births
Living people
People from Apalachicola, Florida
Florida Democrats
Florida Republicans
Republican Party members of the Florida House of Representatives |
Jake Hamilton (born January 18, 1988) is an American entertainment reporter, film critic, and documentary producer. Formerly a teen film critic for the Houston Chronicle he is now the lead Entertainment Anchor for Good Day Chicago.
Hamilton was named "one of the nation's top show business journalists" by Forbes.
Hamilton is a member of the Broadcast Film Critics Association.
Career
Hamilton began his career as a film critic in print at the age of 14, writing for the Houston Chronicle in 2002 while still attending Seabrook Intermediate School. While writing for the Chronicle, Hamilton was criticized for his inclusion of R-rated films in his "Top 10 Films of the Year" lists. He continued with the Houston Chronicle until he graduated from Clear Lake High School (Houston, Texas) in 2006.
Later in 2006, Hamilton, 18, was brought on as the film critic for the late night talk show, The After Party, hosted by Ernie Manouse. The show received positive reviews from both critics and audiences alike, and was nominated for a "Best Entertainment/Variety program" Emmy in its first season. The program ended its run after over 50 episodes on November 15, 2006.
After The After Party ended, Ernie Manouse brought on Hamilton to help produce the HoustonPBS documentary, The Last 24. Covering the last 24 hours before the opening of a contemporary dance company's latest production, the documentary was met with critical praise when in aired in August 2007. The Last 24 would eventually garner Hamilton, 20, an Emmy nomination in September 2008.
In 2008, Hamilton began hosting the film review segment Jake's Takes on KHOU-TV (CBS Houston). Reviewing films, covering international film festivals and interviewing celebrities like Tom Cruise, Meryl Streep, and Will Smith. Jake's Takes, was nominated for "Outstanding Achievement In Cinema" by the Houston Film Critic Society in 2008 for "bringing celebrities back to Houston."
In 2009, Hamilton moved "Jake's Takes" from the local CBS affiliate (KHOU-TV) to the local FOX affiliate (KRIV).
In 2012, Hamilton won the Los Angeles Press Club's National Entertainment Journalism Award by for hosting "Jake's Takes."
In 2013, Hamilton joined WFLD-TV (FOX Chicago) Good Day Chicago, where he is now the lead Entertainment Anchor.
In 2021, he was named "one of the nation's top show business journalists" by Forbes.
To date, Hamilton has over 100,000 subscribers to his YouTube channel "Jake's Takes," and has earned ten Emmy nominations for his work—of the ten nominations, he's won two.
References
1988 births
Living people
American film critics
American television talk show hosts
American columnists
Journalists from Houston
Houston Chronicle people
American male journalists |
```kotlin
package `in`.hbb20.countrycodepickerproject
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.RadioButton
import android.widget.RadioGroup
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import com.hbb20.CountryCodePicker
import com.hbb20.CountryCodePicker.Language.*
/**
* A simple [Fragment] subclass.
*/
class LanguageSupportFragment: Fragment() {
private lateinit var radioGroup: RadioGroup
private lateinit var radioEnglish: RadioButton
private lateinit var radioJapanese: RadioButton
private lateinit var radioSpanish: RadioButton
private lateinit var ccp: CountryCodePicker
private lateinit var buttonNext: Button
private lateinit var rootView: View
override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_language_support, container, false)
return rootView
}
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
assignViews()
setClickListener()
}
private fun setClickListener() {
radioGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener { _, checkedId ->
when (checkedId) {
R.id.radioEnglish -> {
ccp.changeDefaultLanguage(ENGLISH)
Toast.makeText(context, "Language is updated to ENGLISH", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
R.id.radioJapanese -> {
ccp.changeDefaultLanguage(JAPANESE)
Toast.makeText(context, "Language is updated to JAPANESE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
R.id.radioSpanish -> {
ccp.changeDefaultLanguage(SPANISH)
Toast.makeText(context, "Language is updated to SPANISH", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
}
buttonNext.setOnClickListener { (activity as ExampleActivity).viewPager.currentItem = (activity as ExampleActivity).viewPager.currentItem + 1 }
}
private fun assignViews() {
ccp = rootView.findViewById(R.id.ccp)
radioGroup = rootView.findViewById(R.id.radioGroup)
radioEnglish = rootView.findViewById(R.id.radioEnglish)
radioJapanese = rootView.findViewById(R.id.radioJapanese)
radioSpanish = rootView.findViewById(R.id.radioSpanish)
buttonNext = view!!.findViewById(R.id.button_next)
}
}
``` |
The Film Fest New Haven (FFNH) is an annual film festival held in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, home of Yale University. Also sometimes known as the New Haven Film Fest, it is a non-profit organisation that was founded in 1995. This independent film festival features premieres and screenings of films made by filmmakers around the world. It screens dramatic, documentary, short, comedic and experimental films and presents Special, Jury and Audience awards in many categories.
External links
Archived version of official website
New Haven
Culture of New Haven, Connecticut
Tourist attractions in New Haven, Connecticut |
Jeff Carl Greenlaw (born February 28, 1968) is a former Canadian ice hockey player. He played 57 games in the National Hockey League with the Washington Capitals and Florida Panthers between 1986 and 1994. Greenlaw was born in Aylmer, Ontario.
Playing career
A former member of the Canadian National Team, Greenlaw was selected by the Washington Capitals in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft, but spent most of his time in the minors. In 1993, Greenlaw signed as a free agent with the expansion Florida Panthers, but again spent most of his time in the minors with the Cincinnati Cyclones.
After several years with the Cyclones, he signed with the Austin Ice Bats of the Central Hockey League, where upon his retirement from active play he would become head coach of the team for a time.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
External links
1968 births
Living people
Austin Ice Bats players
Austin Ice Bats (WPHL) players
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Binghamton Whalers players
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Cincinnati Cyclones (IHL) players
Florida Panthers players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
People from Elgin County
Washington Capitals draft picks
Washington Capitals players |
Poshtkuh Rural District () is in the Central District of Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.
At the census of 2006, its population was 20,878 in 4,468 households; there were 21,395 inhabitants in 5,442 households at the following census of 2011; and in the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 10,933 in 3,083 households. The largest of its 24 villages was Alikuh, with 2,206 people.
References
Ardal County
Rural Districts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Populated places in Ardal County |
Ahmadabad-e Panjeh (, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād-e Panjeh; also known as Aḩmadābād and Aḩmadābād-e Panjeh ‘Alī) is a village in Panjeh Ali-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 237, in 47 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
References
Towns and villages in Qorveh County
Kurdish settlements in Kurdistan Province |
The 1938 CCNY Beavers football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Benny Friedman, the team compiled a 4–3 record.
Schedule
References
CCNY
CCNY Beavers football seasons
CCNY Beavers football |
The historic center of Mexico City (), also known as the Centro or Centro Histórico, is the central neighborhood in Mexico City, Mexico, focused on the Zócalo (or main plaza) and extending in all directions for a number of blocks, with its farthest extent being west to the Alameda Central. The Zocalo is the largest plaza in Latin America. It can hold up to nearly 100,000 people.
This section of the capital lies in the municipal borough of Cuauhtémoc, has just over nine square km and occupies 668 blocks. It contains 9,000 buildings, 1,550 of which have been declared of historical importance. Most of these historic buildings were constructed between the 16th and 20th centuries. It is divided into two zones for preservation purposes. Zone A encompasses the pre-Hispanic city and its expansion from the Viceroy period until Independence. Zone B covers the areas all other constructions to the end of the 19th century that are considered indispensable to the preservation of the area's architectural and cultural heritage.
This is where the Spaniards began to build what is now modern Mexico City in the 16th century on the ruins of the conquered Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire. As the centre of the ancient Aztec Empire and the seat of power for the Spanish colony of New Spain, the Centro Historico contains most of the city's historic sites from both eras as well as a large number of museums. This has made it a World Heritage Site.
History
What is now the historic downtown of Mexico City roughly correlates with the ancient Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, which was founded around 1325. During the prehispanic era, the city developed in a planned fashion, with streets and canals aligned with the cardinal directions, leading to orderly square blocks. The island that the city was founded on was divided into four calpullis or neighborhoods that were divided by the main north-south roads leading to Tepeyac and Iztapalapa respectively and the west-east road that lead to Tacuba and to a dike into the lake, respectively. The calpullis were named Cuepopan, Atzacualco, Moyotla and Zoquipan, which had subdivisions and a "tecpan" or district council each. The intersection of these roads was the center of the city and of the Aztec world. Here were the Templo Mayor, the palaces of the tlatoani or emperors, palaces of nobles such as the "House of the Demons" and the "House of the Flowers". Also located here were the two most renowned Aztec schools: the Telpuchcalli for secular studies and the Calmecac for priestly training. When the Spaniards arrived, the city had aqueducts built by Moctezuma Ilhuicamina and Ahuizotl as well as a large dike constructed to the east of the city.
After the Spanish conquest, this design remained largely intact, mostly due to the efforts of Alonso Garcia Bravo, who supervised much of the rebuilding of the city. This reconstruction conserved many of the main thoroughfares such as Tenayuca, renamed Vallejo; Tlacopan, renamed México Tacuba, and Tepeyac, now called the Calzada de los Misterios. They also kept major divisions of the city adding Christian prefixes to the names such as San Juan Moyotla, Santa María Tlaquechiuacan, San Sebastián Atzacualco and San Pedro Teopan. In fact, most of the centro historicos is built with the rubble of the destroyed Aztec city.
A number of people during this time, all Spaniards, accumulated vast wealth mostly through mining and commerce in the 17th and 18th centuries. This wealth is reflected in the various mansions scattered in the centro such as the Palace of Iturbide and Casa de Azulejos (House of Tiles). This house was built in the 16th century in Arab style but its namesake tiles were added in 1747 when the Count of the Valley of Orizaba ordered the Talavera tiles from Puebla.
In the early part of the 20th century, as a result of the Latin American posture of then-Minister of Public Education José Vasconcelos, many of the streets to the north and west of the Zocalo were renamed after Latin American countries.
The Zócalo and surrounding sites
Historically, the Zócalo, or main plaza, has been a venue for fine and popular cultural events. Some example of events held here recently are Spencer Tunick's photo shoot, the Ashes and Snow Nomadic museum and a skateboarding/BMX event that drew 50,000 young people on 24 August 2008. The Festival de México is an annual event with programs dedicated to art (popular and high) and academia. In 2008, was the 24th Festival with 254 performances and shows from over 20 countries in 65 plazas and other locations in this section of the city.
It is central to national level protests such as those staged by Lopez Obrador after the 2006 Presidential Elections and the nationwide protest against crime held on August 30, 2008.
Just off the Zócalo are the Palacio Nacional, the Cathedral Metropolitana, the Templo Mayor with its adjoining museum, and Nacional Monte de Piedad building. The Palacio Nacional borders the entire east side of the Zocalo and contains the offices of the President of Mexico, the Federal Treasury, the National Archives as well as murals depicting pre-Hispanic life and a large mural filling the central stairway depicting the entire history of the Mexican nation from the Conquest on. This palace was built on the ruins of Moctezuma II's palace beginning in 1521, using the same tezontle stone used to build the Aztec palace. It was originally in the Hernán Cortés family until the king of Spain bought it to house the viceroys of New Spain and remained so (despite being destroyed and rebuilt again in 1692) until Mexican independence. Facing the Zócalo above a central balcony is the Campana (Bell) of Dolores, which is rung by the president each 15th of Sept to celebrate Independence.
The Metropolitan Cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, occupies the north end of the Zócalo. The site originally was part of the Aztec Sacred Precinct (called the Teocalli) and contained the main tzompantli, or rack for the skulls of sacrifice victims. The first church was erected between 1524 or 1526 and 1532 and was elevated to the rank of cathedral on 2 September 1530 by Pope Clement VII. The foundations for a new cathedral were begun in 1562 and the foundation stone was laid in 1573 in the time of Archbishop Pedro Moya de Contreras and of the 4th Viceroy. Although the works had not been concluded, the cathedral received its first dedication on 2 February 1656. The completion in 1813 of the neo-classical additions designed by Manuel Tolsa was celebrated on 15 August 2013 by Cardinal Carrera who opened and entered through the Holy Door in the center of the façade prior to celebrating Pontifical High Mass in the cathedral.
Between 1989 and 2000 extensive engineering works were conducted to arrest and rectify damage and distortions caused to the structure by the uneven rate and extent of the sinking of the building provoked by the continuous settlement of the ground on which it stands. This began with the drainage of the lake of the Valley of Mexico initiated in 1607 and has continued with the reduction of the water-table caused by the pumping of water for use by Mexico City's rapidly expanding population. The last of the temporary props which had disfigured the interior of the building during the engineering works were removed on 28 November 2000.
The Templo Mayor archeological site and museum, is the center of the ancient teocalli, located now just northeast of the Zócalo. It was demolished by Hernán Cortés in the 1520s and its location forgotten. The exact site was determined in the beginning of the 20th century, but the decision to excavate was not made until 1978, when electrical workers chanced upon an eight-ton stone disk depicting the Aztec goddess Coyolxauhqui. Excavation unearthed a pyramid built in multiple layers. This is the spot where, according to legend, the Aztecs saw their sign to settle from their wanderings, an eagle perched on a nopal cactus with a snake in its beak, which is still the symbol of Mexico today.
The Nacional Monte de Piedad building is the national pawn shop, founded in 1775 and one of the largest second-hand shops in the world. On this site were houses that belonged to the last Aztec ruler, Moctezuma II, which Hernán Cortés took for his own after the Conquest. These houses originally stretched from modern-day Isabel la Catolica, Madero, Tacuba and Monte de Piedad streets, prompting one chronicler, Cervantes de Salazar to comment that the residence was not a palace but rather another city.
Notable sites north of the Zócalo
Santo Domingo refers to the Church of Santo Domingo and the adjoining plaza. Both are located three blocks north of the Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral following Republica de Brasil Street with Belisario Dominguez Street separating the two. Officially known as the Señor de la Expiación Chapel, the church is located on the north side of Belisario Dominguez and faces the plaza. It is all that is left from the first convent to be established in New Spain. To the south of the church is Plaza San Domingo. It is flanked to the west by the Portal de Evangelistas, which is a Tuscan colonnade with round arches. Scribes with typewriters and antique printing machines work in this Portal. Scribes offer their services to illiterate clients, often offering services similar to that of lawyers, counselors, and financial consultants. A statue of Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, a heroine of the Mexican War of Independence stands in a fountain in the middle of the plaza.
The San Ildefonso College currently is a museum and cultural center considered to be the birthplace of the Mexican muralism movement. San Ildefonso began as a prestigious Jesuit boarding school, and after the Reform War, it gained educational prestige again as National Preparatory School. This school and the building closed completely in 1978, then reopened as a museum and cultural center in 1994. The museum has permanent and temporary art and archeological exhibitions in addition to the many murals painted on its walls by José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera and others. The complex is located between San Ildefonso Street and Justo Sierra Street in the historic center of Mexico City.
Secretaría de Educación Pública at Calle Argentina
Centro Cultural de España (Cultural Center of Spain), located on Republica de Guatemala street just north of the Mexico City Cathedral
Museum Archive of Photography, located at the corner of Republica de Guatemala and Republica de Argentina Street
Lirico Theatre, located on Republica de Cuba street
Antigua Escuela de Economía (Old School of Economics), located on Republica de Cuba Street
Colegio Nacional, located on The Colegio Nacional Building, located on Luis Gonzalez Obregon Street
Old Customs building, on Republica de Brasil just off the Plaza Santo Domingo
Palace of the Inquisition (Museum of Mexican Medicine) located on Republica de Brasil
Notable sites south of the Zócalo
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation is located just off the Zócalo, on the corners of Pino Suárez and Carranza Streets. It was built between 1935 and 1941 by Antonio Muñoz Garcia. Prior to the Conquest, this site was reserved for the ritual known as "Dance of the Flyers" which is still practiced today in Papantla. Its ownership was in dispute during much of the colonial period, eventually becoming the site of a very large market known as El Volador. The interior of the building contains four panels painted in 1941 by José Clemente Orozco, two of which are named "The Social Labor Movement" and "National Wealth." There is also one mural done by American artist George Biddle entitled "War and Peace" at the entrance to the library.
Temple of Saint Augustine Located on Avenida Republica de El Salvador
The original El Palacio de Hierro store located on Carranza and 20 de noviembre streets
The original Liverpool department store on Carranza and 20 de noviembre streets
Saint Augustine House Located on Republica de Uruguay and 5 de Febrero streets
The Chapel of the Most Holy Conception of Tlaxcoaque, one of the oldest churches in Mexico City, on Fray Servando de Mier
Church of San Bernardo off the Zocalo
Notable sites west of the Zocalo
The Palace of Iturbide - this large palatial home on Madero Street #17 was built by the Count of San Mateo Valparaíso in the 18th century as a wedding gift for his daughter. It gained the name "Palace of Iturbide" because Agustín de Iturbide lived and accepted the crown as Mexico's first emperor there after independence from Spain. Today, the restored building houses the Fomento Cultural Banamex and has been renamed the Palacio de Cultura Banamex.
The Torre Latinoamericana - This is one of the best-known skyscrapers in Latin America. It was begun in 1948 and completed in 1956 and is 182 meters tall, antennae included. It is located on the corner of Eje Central and Juarez Streets. It was the tallest tower in Mexico prior to the construction of Torre Pemex. The building has survived two major earthquakes since it was built, one in 1957 and the other in 1985.
The Museo Nacional de Arte (MUNAL) is the Mexican National Art Museum, housed in a neoclassical building at No. 8 Tacuba, Colonia Centro. It houses a collection representing the history of Mexican art from the late pre-Hispanic era to the early 20th century. It is recognizable by Manuel Tolsá's large equestrian statue of Charles IV of Spain who was the monarch just before Mexico gained its Independence. It was originally in the Zocalo but it was moved to several locations, not out of deference to the king but rather to conserve a piece of art, according to the plaque at the base. It arrived to its final location in 1979.
The Palacio de Correos de Mexico (Postal Palace of Mexico City) also known as the "Correo Mayor" (Main Post Office) is located on the Eje Central (Lázaro Cárdenas) near the Palacio de Bellas Artes. It is an early 20th-century building built in the style of an Italian Renaissance palace. It was designed by Italian Adamo Boari, who also designed part of the Palacio de Bellas Artes across the street.
Casa de los Azulejos a former mansion completely covered in blue and white Puebla tile between Avenida Madero and Avenida Cinco de Mayo
Colegio de Minería (College of Mining) on Tacuba Street
Mexican Army Museum originally Bethlemites Hospital, located at Tacuba and Mata
Garden of the Triple Alliance on corner of Tacuba and Mata
Cámara de Senadores on Xicoténcatl Street
Museo de Estanquillo (cartoons and magazines) on corner of Isabel la Catolica and Madero
Temple of San Felipe Neri "La Profesa" with collection of artwork from the 17th to 20th centuries, and guided tours on Saturdays from 1200 to 1400 hrs
Interactive Museum of Economics on Tacuba Street
Santa Clara church - Library of Congress on corner of Tacuba and Mata
Senate of Mexico Chambers on corner of Donceles and Xicotencatl streets
Chamber of Deputies on Donceles Street
Teatro de la Ciudad on Donceles Street
Academia Mexicana on Donceles 66
Notable sites east of the Zócalo
The Museo de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público is an art museum located at Moneda Street #4. It is housed in what was the Palacio del Arzobispado (Palace of the Archbishopric), built in 1530 under Friar Juan de Zumárraga on the base of the destroyed pyramid dedicated to the Aztec god Tezcatlipoca. It remained the archbishphoric until 1867 when the Finance Ministry Accountancy Department was established there. The modern museum houses an exhibit dedicated to this god as well as a large art collection.
La Santísima Church is located at the corner of La Santísima and Emiliano Zapata streets. Its full name is Temple and Hospital of the Most Holy Trinity (Templo y Antiguo Hospital de la Santisíma Trinidad). The church was built between 1755 and 1783 as a temple for the adjoining hospital/hospice for priests. The church still retains its original function but the adjoining hospital and office sites have since moved into private hands with only parts of the original structures still intact and preserved. The church is also noted for the fact that it has sunk almost three meters since it was built.
The José Luis Cuevas Museum is located just off the city's main plaza, or Zócalo, in a building that was the convent for the neighboring Church of Santa Ines (Agnes of Rome). This convent was founded in 1600 by Don Diego Caballero and his wife Doña Inés de Velasco. The convent existed until 1861, when, due to the Nationalization of Church Property Act, all convents and monasteries in the country were disbanded. The convent's church and residence hall where separated and the Church of Santa Inés still maintains its original function. The residence hall became private property, functioning mostly as tenements until artist José Luis Cuevas bought the property with the intention to restoring it and establishing the current museum dedicated to his art and art of contemporary Latin America.
The House of the First Print Shop in the Americas at the corner of Moneda and Licenciado Primo Verdad streets was the home of the first printing press/print shop in the New World. The house was originally constructed by Gerónimo de Aguilar in 1524 and is located on the outer edge of what was the sacred precinct of the Templo Mayor prior to the Conquest.
Cathedral Nuestra Señora de Balvanera and Sanctuary of San Charbel, built in the 17th century located at Rep Uruguay and Correo Mayor.
Palacio de la Autonomia de UNAM, (Palace of UNAM's Autonomy) located off of Moneda Street.
Departamento de Estadistica Nacional (Dept. of National Statistics) building on Correo Mayor
Around the Alameda Central
Alameda Central is a public park adjacent to the Palacio de Bellas Artes, between Juarez Avenue and Hidalgo Avenue. It is a green garden with paved paths and decorative fountains and statues, and is frequently the center of civic events. The area used to be an Aztec marketplace and after the Conquest, the Catholic Church used the area for the burning of heretics and witches. The park was created in 1592, when Viceroy Luis de Velasco decided to create green space here as a public park. The name comes from the Spanish word álamo, which means poplar tree, which were planted here. By the late 19th century, the park included a bandstand and gas (now electric) lamps. On the south side of the park, facing toward the street is the Hemiciclo a Juárez, which is a large white semi-circular monument to Benito Juárez, who is one of Mexico's most beloved presidents.
Palacio de Bellas Artes on Juárez Street
Teatro Hidalgo on Hidalgo Street north of the Alameda Central
Parish of Santa Cruz, Mexico City on Hidalgo Street
Museo Nacional de la Estampa (National Print Museum) located on Hidalgo Street
Franz Mayer Museum on Hidalgo Street
Parish of La Santa Vera Cruz de San Juan de Dios on Hidalgo Street
Ex Temple of Corpus Christi on Juarez Street
Barrio Chino
Mexico City's Chinatown, known locally as "Barrio Chino", is located on two blocks of Dolores Street, just south of the Palacio de Bellas Artes. It is very small, consisting only of a number of restaurants and businesses that import goods. Its diminished size is because most descendants of Chinese immigrants to Mexico in the late 19th and early 20th centuries either intermarried with the local Mexican population and/or were expelled from the country in the 1930s. Despite this, it is considered the nucleus of the approximately 3,000 families with Chinese heritage in the city.
Architecture
Even though Spanish colonial buildings make up most of Centro histórico there are examples of different architectural styles
Baroque: Palacio de Iturbide, Casa de los Azulejos, Palacio Nacional and Palacio de los Condes de Valparaíso
Neoclassical: Palacio de Mineria
Italiante style: Palacio de Correos
Art Nouveau Palacio de Bellas Artes
Beaux-Arts: Museo Nacional de Arte, Banco de México
Art Deco Banco de Mexico, Interior of Palacio de Bellas Artes
Functionalist: Torre Latinoamericana
Education
Primary and secondary schools:
Colegio de San Ignacio de Loyola Vizcaínas
20th and 21st centuries
Deterioration of the area
From Aztec times, the Centro Historico used to be where the wealthy and elite lived. However, in the early 20th century, these classes began to move to areas west and southwest of the Centro, to neighbourhoods such as Colonia Juárez, Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Colonia Roma and Colonia Condesa. The Centro remained the commercial, political and intellectual center through the mid 20th century although it was around this time that UNAM moved most of its facilities to the new . The reason for the decline of the city center was partly man-made and partly natural. In the 1940s, the city government froze rents so that until 1998 when the government repealed the law, tenants were still paying 1950's-level rents. With no financial incentive to keep up their properties, landlords let their buildings disintegrate. The 1985 earthquake took its toll on a number of these structures, which were never fixed or rebuilt, leading to slums and garbage-strewn vacant lots. The result was the loss of about 100,000 residents of the "Colonia Centro", leaving the area almost deserted at night.
By the 1980s, so many had fled the Centro that many of its former mansions were either abandoned or turned into tenements for the poor, and its sidewalks and streets taken over by pickpockets and milling vendors. For many people, especially international visitors, Mexico City's reputation for pollution, traffic and crime has made the city someplace to "get into and out of as fast as you can", seeing it as little more than an airport through which to make their connecting flights to resort areas like Cozumel. Until recently, many of the restaurants in the area, even the best, would close early to allow employees time to get home because the area was not particularly safe at night.
Deterioration of religious buildings
Many of historic churches in the oldest parts of the city are in serious disrepair and are in danger of being lost. Efforts to save these churches are hampered by disagreements between the Church and the federal government. Because these churches are both active religious institutions and historical landmarks, their legal situation is complicated. By law, religious institutions cannot appeal to the government for financial help, but agencies like the National Council for Culture and Arts (CONACULTA) do have say in how these places are maintained because of their historic value.
Some of the disagreement is over the extent of the deterioration. Conaculta does not believe that any of the 68 religious buildings in the oldest part of city are in imminent danger of collapse. However the Archdiocese of Mexico believes that the structural problems noted constitute a grave danger to both people and to the "incalculable artistic and historic value of the buildings." One of the churches in imminent danger is called San Lorenzo Diácono y Mártir, with Our Lady of Loreto, La Santísima Trinidad and La Santa Cruz also requiring prompt attention to avoid collapse. The San Lorenzo and Loreto churches both have had incidences where large pieces of the building, a stone and a window respectively, have fallen, causing damage but no injuries. Despite efforts by the archdiocese to demonstrate the extent of the damage of many of the churches, Conaculta still maintains that none of the buildings are in danger of coming down. Another problem is that the depopulation of the historic center, which leaves these churches fairly empty and the diocese unable to fund restoration work.
Revitalization
Starting in the early 2000s, the government has infused 500 million Mexican pesos (US$55 million) into the Historic Center Trust and entered into a partnership with the Fundación Centro Histórico, an organization established by Carlos Slim, to buy dozens of centuries-old buildings for rehabilitation. The significance of this effort was recognized when, in 2006, the Historic Center was included in the 2006 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund. Work began with the beautification of 34 blocks just north of the Zócalo, digging up the antiquated drainage system and improving water supply. An architect was put in charge of each of the thirteen main streets to restore the facades of more than 500 buildings. The latest infrastructure projects of this type have focused on the southwest portions of the area, on República de El Salvador, Talavera, Correo Mayor, Mesones and Pino Suárez streets, mostly focusing on repaving and improving the outdated drainage systems. In the process, artifacts dating from as early as the pre-Hispanic period have been unearthed.
All over the historic center, streets have been pedestrianized, buildings have been restored, and new museums opened. In the 1990s, after many years of controversy, protests and even riots, most street vendors were evicted to other parts of the city. The impetus to bring things back to the city center included the construction of the new mayoral residence just off the Zócalo. The government has buried electric and telephone cables in the area, and replaced old asphalt with paving stones. It has also installed nearly 100 security cameras to help with crime issues. This paved the way for the opening of upscale eateries, bars and fashionable stores. Also, young people are moving into downtown lofts. To attract more tourists, there are new red double-decker buses.
As of 2004, investment in the city center has climbed to over 5 billion pesos or 438 million U.S. dollars. According to the Historic Center of Mexico City Trust, this has led to the creation of 15,000 jobs and property owners in the area are showing interest in improving on their investments here. It has also attracted outside investment into the area.
Transportation
Tour buses, locally known as "Turibuses", are the most commonly used transportation for tourism in the historical center as well as many other parts of the city. This is a paid service which transports visitors to different tourist attractions and cultural points in the city center. The Mexico City Metro is the most commonly used means of transport for locals to visit the spaces of the historic center. The area is serviced by several stations. The Zócalo is served by Zócalo/Tenochtitlan metro station; Allende station the northern zone; Bellas Artes, Hidalgo and Juárez stations cover the Alameda area; and San Juan de Letrán, Salto del Agua, Isabel la Católica, Pino Suárez and Merced stations cover the southern zones. The Mexico City Metrobús service also covers the zone with the Line 4 route. Another commonly used form of transportation is the taxi service. These are regulated by the Mexico City government and can be summoned by the government app "Mi Taxi". Cycle rickshaws, known in Mexico as "ciclotaxi" (English for cycle taxi) were a commonly used means of transport to visit the spaces of the historic center, however their usage decreased significantly in the late 2010s.
See also
List of pre-columbian archaeological sites in Mexico City
List of colonial churches in Mexico City
Barrios Mágicos of Mexico City
References
External links
Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City
Mexico City
Neighborhoods in Mexico City
Shopping districts and streets in Mexico
Tourist attractions in Mexico City
World Heritage Sites in Mexico |
Michael Pobjie (born 28 April 1961) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. Pobjie played for Newtown, Souths and Balmain in the NSWRL competition, and for Salford in England. He played at either Fullback or Centre.
Playing career
Pobjie started his first grade career at Newtown in 1981 but was not a part of the side which made the 1981 grand final against Parramatta. In 1983, Pobjie moved to Souths and played there for five seasons before moving to Balmain. Pobjie played in 1988 and 1989 grand finals for Balmain losing on both occasions, the latter of which has been described as one of the greatest grand finals of all time.
Post playing
After retiring from rugby league, Pobjie became managing director of Prouds homes in Sydney's west but the company later collapsed and was liquidated.
References
1961 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Balmain Tigers players
Rugby league fullbacks
Newtown Jets players
Salford Red Devils players
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Rugby league players from Sydney |
Mohd Shukri bin Yahaya (born 13 June 1988) is a Malaysian actor and director. Starting his acting career in 2011 after his talent was discovered by renowned film director Osman Ali through the film Jiwa Taiko. Since then, he has appeared in leading roles in many successful and high-rated television series including Asam Pedas Untuk Dia (2015), 7 Hari Mencintaiku (2016), Andainya Takdir (2017), Andainya Takdir 2 (2018), Kerana Dia Manusia Biasa (2019), 7 Hari Mencintaiku 2 (2020), Rindu Awak Separuh Nyawa (2021) and Andai Itu Takdirnya (2023). Throughout his career, he has won several awards for his roles in the television series 7 Hari Mencintaiku, Andainya Takdir and Split TV Series.
Early life
Shukri was born on 13 June 1988 in the Kuala Lumpur Hospital and is the fifth child of six siblings. He was educated with Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM).
Prior to joining showbiz, he began his career as an auditor at the 7-Eleven, Watsons and Maxis, where he subsequently conducted auditing in branch premises.
He later worked as a clerk at Bank Muamalat's Human Resources division in Jalan Melaka, Kuala Lumpur. During his tenure at Bank Muamalat, he handled internal program of the institution and assist teamwork.
Acting career
Shukri began his acting career in film, Jiwa Taiko and TV3 television series, Juvana. Since then, he remain active in television and film.
Personal life
Shukri married former actress Siti Nurfatihah "Tya" Adnan on 20 November 2015 and together they have a daughter Aaira Ameena, born in August 2016 and a son Maleeq Miqayl, born in July 2020.
Filmography
Film
Television series
Telemovie
Videography
Music video
Discography
Soundtrack appearance
Brand Ambassador
Toyota Vios (2019 - present)
Bulan Bintang (2021 - present)
VANZO
Nivea
Nescafé
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Actors from Kuala Lumpur
21st-century Malaysian male actors
Malaysian male actors
Malaysian male film actors
Malaysian male television actors |
Gender transposition is a term in linguistics to describe the substitution of a gendered personal pronoun for the other gendered form. When used to describe a woman, this would be using the pronouns his or him instead of her, and he instead of she. For men, it would be the reverse.
Often used in the argot of gay men, it can be intended either as a put-down, a self-mocking appellation, a term of endearment, or neutrally. It may be considered gay bashing or homophobic when used by heterosexual people to mock a gay person.
See also
Gay slang
Polari
LGBT slang |
Blažo Jovanović bridge () is a bridge across the Morača river in Podgorica, Montenegro. The bridge is located near the confluence of the Ribnica and Morača rivers and is part of the Saint Peter of Cetinje boulevard. It is 115.20m long and 22.35m wide and the city's busiest bridge.
History
Most Blaža Jovanovića was constructed between 1948 and 1950. It was projected by the famous Serbian architect Branko Žeželj. The bridge was named after the Montenegrin national hero Blažo Jovanović. The bridge underwent a major reconstruction in 2008 and was officially re-opened in March 2009.
References
Bridges completed in 1950
Bridges in Podgorica
Tourist attractions in Podgorica |
Beijing Urban Construction Group (BUCG, ) is a Chinese construction contractor. Several of the most recognizable buildings in Beijing including venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics were built by the company. The company has also carried out several projects in Belarus and Bangladesh.
Subsidiaries
One of BUCG's subsidiaries, Yunnan Jingjian Rail Transit, is the operator of Kunming Metro Line 4.
Belarus
The company was chosen as the general contractor to build a football stadium in June 2020. In the same announcement, BUCG's Beijing competitor Beijing Construction Engineering Group was named as the general contractor for a swimming pool meeting international standards.
Bangladesh
In April 2020, the company signed a deal with Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh to construct a new terminal building at Osmani International Airport in Sylhet.
References
Real estate companies of China
Government-owned companies of China |
Onișor Mihai Nicorec (born 28 March 1986) is a Romanian football player who currently plays for Liga IV side Universitatea Oradea. Nicorec played in his career mostly for Hungarian clubs, among others: Győri ETO, Zalaegerszeg and Mezőkövesd, but he played also in Romania for: Rapid II București, Minerul Lupeni and Farul Constanța.
Honours
Club
Győri ETO FC
Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 2012–13
References
External links
Onișor Nicorec at hlsz.hu
Onișor Nicorec at frf-ajf.ro
1986 births
Living people
People from Târgu Lăpuș
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Liga II players
FC Rapid București players
CS Viitorul Minerul Lupeni players
FCV Farul Constanța players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Győri ETO FC players
Zalaegerszegi TE players
Mezőkövesdi SE footballers
Cigánd SE players
Szeged-Csanád Grosics Akadémia footballers
Romanian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary |
Anthrenocerus schwarzeneggeri is a species of beetles, native to Australia. It is within the genus Anthrenocerus and the family Dermestidae. It is native to New South Wales It is named after Arnold Schwarzenegger.
References
Dermestidae |
Chris Edwards (born 1973 in Roseburg, Oregon) is an American politician, and University Administrator from Oregon; he is a member of the Democratic party.
Edwards currently works in an administrative role at the University of Oregon overseeing the creation of the new Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, he came to this job having served in the Oregon State Senate, representing District 7, for six years. Previously, Edwards served in the Oregon House of Representatives, representing District 14 from 2006 until his appointment to the Senate.
Electoral history
References
External links
Oregon State House - Chris Edwards official government website
Project Vote Smart - Representative Chris Edwards (OR) profile
Follow the Money - Chris Edwards
2006 campaign contributions
1973 births
Living people
Members of the Oregon House of Representatives
Oregon state senators
21st-century American politicians |
Portage la Prairie Airport may refer to:
Canadian Forces Base Portage la Prairie
Portage la Prairie/Southport Airport
Portage la Prairie (North) Airport, a small public airport
See also
Portage la Prairie (disambiguation) |
Bristow Helicopters operate a large fleet of 490 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. In 2015 it operated 24 helicopter types, however as a result of their restructure due to previous financial difficulties it now operates approximately six types, a significant reduction. The fleet includes unconsolidated affiliates and joint venture partners.
Current fleet
Training
Training helicopters are used for initial pilot training, typically carrying up to 4 passengers and crew. Many of Bristow's aircraft are part of a technologically advanced fleet from an avionics perspective. This has allowed pilots from the academy to transition more smoothly into various roles including aerial tours, utility, and various other operations. While the majority of Bristow's training helicopters are operated by Bristow Academy in Titusville, Florida, a small number of aircraft operate out of a secondary training base located in New Iberia, Florida.
Fixed-wing aircraft
Bristow's Fixed Wing Service provides a range of fixed-wing transportation services for crew transport to helicopter bases around the world. Bristow operates jet and turbo prop aircraft to meet the needs of the global oil and gas industry. For subsidiary Eastern Airways fixed wing jet and turboprop aircraft, see Eastern Airways.
Former fleet
Westland Widgeon - Offshore support operations initially the Persian Gulf and then in Nigeria. Three abandoned in Nigeria as a result of the Nigeria-Biafra conflict. Five operated from 1957 to 1968.
Westland Wessex - 15 Wessex Mk.60s built at Yeovil, based on the RAF HC.2 but with improved avionics and seating for 10, and one conversion from an ex-Ghana Air Force Wessex Mk.53 by Bristow at Redhill. 16 operated from 1965 to 1981.
Westland Whirlwind
Westland AB-47G-4A
Aerospatiale SA-330J Puma
AS332L Super Puma - Branded by Bristow as "Tiger", were used for North West Shelf hydrocarbon personnel transfer operations & North Sea Oil and Gas. No longer operated.
Eurocopter AS350
Eurocopter EC 135
Eurocopter EC 155 - Six were in service for Shell Nigeria, aircraft also have external life rafts and are equipped for SAR duties.
Sikorsky S-61 - Were used for SAR out of Den Helder. No longer operated.
Sikorsky S-76A
Bell 206L
Bell 212
Bell 412
BO-105
BK-117
Britten-Norman BN-2A-20 Islander
Twin Otter
Hiller UH-12C - Purchased in 1964 and operated at their Redhill and Middle Wallop flying schools.
Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer Srs1 - Crashed on 4 April 1967 in Nigeria after stalling and during a single engine approach.
References
Lists of aircraft by operator
Bristow Helicopters |
WZ may refer to:
WZ sex-determination system, also known as the ZW sex-determination system
WZ theory, a technique for simplifying certain combinatorial summations in mathematics
Eswatini (FIPS 10-4 country code WZ)
Westdeutsche Zeitung, a German newspaper
Wetzlar, Germany
WinZip, a computer file compression software
Wizet, a Korean online gaming developer, which uses the file extension
W and Z bosons in particle physics |
Greatest Hits is the first compilation album released by British trio N-Dubz, released following the announcement of the group's plans to go on a two-year hiatus. It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2011 by Island Records. The album contains tracks from the band's three studio albums "Uncle B" (2008), "Against All Odds" (2009) and "Love.Live.Life" (2010). It includes fourteen of the group's singles, (excluding "Feva Las Vegas" and "We Dance On"), one album track, two live lounge covers and the original N-Dubz version of Dappy's first solo single, "No Regrets".
The album's release comes after the group announced an indefinite hiatus to focus on solo careers.
Following the announcement of their Reformation Tour in May 2022, the album saw a resurgence in popularity, surpassing the peak of 38 upon the album's original release, entering the top 10 at number 10 on 27 May 2022.
Critical reception
Jon O'Brien From AllMusic gave the album a mixed review Claiming that "Their Greatest Hits feels like a cynical cash-in that's appeared way too early in the band's career to make any impact." as well as criticizing the fact there are no new songs and that it did not include the song "We Dance On" which was a top 10 hit on the UK Singles Charts.
Track listing
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
N-Dubz albums
2011 greatest hits albums |
Pike County is located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 33,009. Its county seat is Troy. Its name is in honor of General Zebulon Pike, of New Jersey, an explorer who led an expedition to southern Colorado and discovered Pikes Peak in 1806.
Pike County comprises the Troy, AL Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The area of present-day Pike County was inhabited by Native Americans from prehistoric times. Spain, France, and Great Britain all claimed the area, but except for scattered military outposts like Fort Toulouse near present-day Wetumpka, European inhabitants were concentrated along the Gulf Coast, with very few settling inland. In 1763, at the close of the French and Indian War, France ceded all the territories of New France (including what is now Pike County, Spanish claims notwithstanding) to the victorious British. In the same year, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 prohibited British subjects from settling in this area, which was reserved for the native peoples.
Between the years of 1767 and 1783, the area that is now Pike County was part of the colony of British West Florida, though still with nearly all whites concentrated in the settlements along the coast or near the Mississippi River. After the American victory in the Revolutionary War, the British ceded the territory to Spain, an American ally. However, Spain and the United States both claimed the region fell until Spain gave up its claims to the land north of the 31st parallel (present-day border of Alabama and Florida) in the Treaty of Madrid (1795). The United States organized the entire region north of that border and east of Georgia as the Mississippi Territory. In 1812, following the Louisiana Purchase, the United States unilaterally annexed the Mobile District from Spanish West Florida, most of the rest of which was acqurired with the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819 (ratified 1821).
In 1817, the Mississippi Territory was divided, with the western part admitted to the Union as the State of Mississippi; the remainder was admitted as the State of Alabama in 1819, and was soon organized into counties. Pike County is one of the oldest in the state, organized on December 17, 1821. The temporary county seat was established at the house of Andrew Townsend. Pike County comprised a large tract of country, so large that it was called the State of Pike, including a part of what are now Crenshaw, Montgomery, Macon, Bullock, and Barbour counties, and extended to the Chattahoochee River on the east.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.1%) is water.
Major highways
U.S. Highway 29
U.S. Highway 231
State Route 10
State Route 87
State Route 93
State Route 125
State Route 130
State Route 167
State Route 201
State Route 223
Transit
Pike Area Transit System (PATS) provides demand-response service.
Adjacent counties
Bullock County (northeast)
Barbour County (east)
Dale County (southeast)
Coffee County (south)
Crenshaw County (west)
Montgomery County (northwest)
Demographics
2020 Census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 33,009 people, 11,601 households, and 6,422 families residing in the county.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 32,899 people, 13,210 households, and 7,759 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 15,267 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 58.2% White, 36.6% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. 2.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 13,210 households, out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.3% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.3% under the age of 18, 21.2% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $29,181, and the median income for a family was $41,570. Males had a median income of $38,605 versus $26,495 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,013. About 20.5% of families and 28.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.8% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 29,605 people, 11,933 households, and 7,649 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 13,981 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 60.77% White, 36.60% Black or African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. 1.23% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 11,933 households, out of which 29.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.60% were married couples living together, 16.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.90% were non-families. 29.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 15.80% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $25,551, and the median income for a family was $34,132. Males had a median income of $27,094 versus $18,758 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,904. About 18.50% of families and 23.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.90% of those under age 18 and 21.90% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Communities
Cities
Brundidge
Troy (county seat)
Towns
Banks
Goshen
Unincorporated communities
China Grove
Curry
Henderson
Jonesville
Josie
Kent
Needmore
Orion
Pronto
Saco
Shady Grove
Spring Hill
Tennille
Notable people
Littleton Prince (?-1833), a white man executed for helping a runaway slave.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pike County, Alabama
Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Pike County, Alabama
References
External links
Pike County Chamber of Commerce
Pike County Sheriff's Office
1821 establishments in Alabama
Populated places established in 1821 |
The A23 road is a major road in the United Kingdom between London and Brighton, East Sussex, England. It is managed by Transport for London for the section inside the Greater London boundary, Surrey County Council and West Sussex County Council for the section shadowed by the M23 motorway, National Highways (as a trunk road) between the M23 and Patcham, and by Brighton and Hove Council from the A27 to the centre of Brighton.
The road has been a major route for centuries, and seen numerous upgrades, bypasses and diversions.
Route
The A23 begins near Lambeth North tube station. Formerly, it started as Westminster Bridge Road near Waterloo station, but this is now part of the A302. Almost immediately it turns south; the straightness of much of the heading south shows its Roman origins.
The road becomes:
Kennington Road: long; near Kennington Park it joins the A3 (Kennington Park Road), but soon bears south again, becoming in turn over the next :
Brixton Road
Brixton Hill
Streatham Hill
Streatham High Road
at Norbury the road becomes London Road; after , at
Thornton Heath the Croydon bypass, Thornton Road and then Purley Way (known for its superstores, particularly IKEA, and for the site of Croydon Airport) takes the place of the original road through Croydon, now the A235, rejoining the A23 at Purley near the Purley War Memorial Hospital, now named Brighton Road.
continuing south through Coulsdon on the Farthing Way (the relief road for Coulsdon town centre, opened in 2006), over the North Downs to Hooley, the start of the M23 motorway.
here is now Surrey
through the built-up areas of Merstham, Redhill and Salfords, skirting Horley
here is now West Sussex
making an end-on connection with the M23 spur to Gatwick Airport the A23 becomes a dual carriageway as it is diverted round the airport; it rejoins the original route at Lowfield Heath and continues south into Crawley as London Road
Crawley ByPass: the original road was through the town
Pease Pottage, southern junction with the M23
through the relatively rural countryside of West Sussex, before following along valleys to cross the South Downs and entering Brighton
here is now East Sussex
becomes the London Road, Brighton, passing under the London Road railway viaduct
the road ends at Old Steine, Brighton, at a roundabout intersecting with the coastal A259 road, and opposite the entrance to the Palace Pier.
Major roads intersected by the A23
A3 and A202 at Kennington
A205 South Circular Road at Streatham Hill
A214 at Streatham
A232 at Waddon
M23 close to Junction 7 (no southbound access)
A25 at Redhill
A264 at Crawley
M23 at Pease Pottage
A272 at Bolney
A27 Brighton Bypass at Mill Road Roundabout
History
What is now the A23 became an arterial route following the construction of Westminster Bridge in 1750 and the consequent improvement of roads leading to the bridge south of the river by the turnpike trusts. The increase in population of Brighton in the late eighteenth century, which transformed it from a small fishing village to a large seaside resort, enhanced the importance of this road, as did the residence there of George IV, as Prince of Wales, who made Brighton a place of fashion.
When roads were originally classified, the A23 started at Purley Cross. The road north of this section, including Purley Way, which opened to traffic in April 1925, was part of the A22. The current route north to Westminster Bridge dates from April 1935.
The A23 in London has frequently been one of the city's most congested roads. The M23 motorway was originally proposed to run as far north as Streatham, relieving congestion on the route, but the section north of Hooley was never built. At junction 7 of the M23 motorway, signs for the northbound M23 (which terminates a few miles to the north) simply read "Croydon" with no other London destinations marked.
In July 2000, control of the section of road inside the Greater London boundary was transferred from the Highways Agency to Transport for London. This caused delays to a planned relief road of Coulsdon, which had been announced in 1998. The then mayor, Ken Livingstone apologised in 2002 that TfL was unable to construct the relief road due to a lack of funds. The road was eventually completed in 2007, and which under TfL's ownership had acquired a bus lane that suffered ridicule for not having any buses actually running on it.
On 18 March 2010, plans to widen the section between Handcross and Warninglid in West Sussex to three lanes, removing an accident prone bend, were given the go ahead. Work started in autumn 2011 and the scheme was completed and opened in October 2014, with a better-than-expected improvement to safety.
London to Brighton Veteran Run
The road from London to Brighton forms the basis of the route of the annual London to Brighton Veteran Car Run. This is featured in the film ''Genevieve':, although most of the rural motoring scenes were shot in Buckinghamshire. The A23 is also used for various other London to Brighton events, although in many cases part of the route diverges to parallel roads to reduce congestion or add variety.
Junction list
See also
Great Britain road numbering scheme
References
External links
SABRE page on the A23
Streets in the London Borough of Croydon
Streets in the London Borough of Lambeth
Roads in London
Roads in Surrey
Transport in Crawley
Roads in West Sussex
Roads in East Sussex |
Nasirul Islam Nasir (; born 10 August 1988), is a Bangladeshi professional footballer who plays as a right back. He last played for Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club in the Bangladesh Premier League. He played for Bangladesh national team. He is regarded as one of the best offensive fullbacks the country has produced.
International career
Nasir has represented Bangladesh by playing for the Bangladesh U-23 team. On November 8, 2010, he made his international debut for the Bangladesh U-23 team in the match against Uzbekistan U-23 team at the 2010 Asian Games. He has participated in 3 matches for the age group of Bangladesh.
On 26 April 2009, a 20 year old Nasir made his international debut for Bangladesh, during the group stages of the 2010 AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers, against Cambodia. He was included in the starting XI of that match. Bangladesh won the match 1–0. In his debut year for Bangladesh, Nasir played a total of 5 matches.
After a 5 year absence from the national team, Nasir was recalled by interim Óscar Bruzón, in 2021, for the 2021 SAFF Championship. However, Nasir failed to make the final squad for the tournament.
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Bangladeshi men's footballers
Bangladesh men's youth international footballers
Bangladesh men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Abahani Limited Dhaka players
Mohammedan SC (Dhaka) players
Sheikh Russel KC players
Saif Sporting Club players
Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club players
Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Bangladesh
Chittagong Abahani Limited players
South Asian Games gold medalists for Bangladesh
South Asian Games medalists in football
People from Chapai Nawabganj district
Sportspeople from Rajshahi Division |
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Events
May – Antoni de Bofarull and Víctor Balaguer re-establish the Barcelona Floral Games (jocs florals), contests for Catalan Renaixença poetry.
The first translation of Adam Mickiewicz's Polish epic poem Pan Tadeusz (1834) into a different language, Belarusian, is made by Belarusian writer and dramatist Vintsent Dunin-Martsinkyevich, in Vilnius but because of pressure from the authorities of the ruling Russian Empire he is able to publish only the first two chapters of the poem.
Works published in English
United Kingdom
William Barnes:
Hwomely Rhymes (see also 1844, 1862, 1868)
The Song of Solomon in the Dorset Dialect
Edmund Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (revised in 1868, 1872, 1879 [with the Salaman and Absal of Jami — see 1856])
Louisa Shore and Arabella Shore, written anonymously, Gemma of the Isles
Alfred Lord Tennyson, Idylls of the King including "Enid," "Vivien," "Elaine," and "Guinevere" (see also The Holy Grail 1869, Idylls of the King 1870, Gareth and Lynette 1872, "Balin and Balan" in Tiresias 1885, Idylls of the King 1889)
Other in English
Thomas Bailey Aldrich, The Ballad of Babie Bell and Other Poems, United States
William Kirby, The U.E.: A Tale of Upper Canada, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada
Works published in other languages
Victor Hugo, La Légende des siècles, first series (see other series 1877, 1883), France
Auguste de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Premières Poésies, France
Frédéric Mistral, Mireio, France
Casimiro de Abreu, As Primaveras, Brazil
Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
January 13 (January 8 OS) – Kostis Palamas (died 1943), Greek poet
February 24 – Susie Frances Riley, Canadian poet
February 25 – James Kenneth Stephen (died 1892), English poet and tutor to Prince Albert Victor, son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
March 26 – A. E. Housman (died 1936), English classical scholar and poet
April 5 – William Herbert Carruth (died 1924), American educator and poet
May 6 – Willem Kloos (died 1938), Dutch poet and critic
June 10 – Jacques Perk (died 1881), Dutch poet
June 12 – Guido Mazzoni (died 1943), Italian poet
July 17 – Ernest Rhys (died 1946), English writer, essayist, poet, novelist, playwright and short-story writer best known as founding editor of Everyman's Library series of affordable classics
July 25 – Minnie Gow Walsworth (died 1947), American poet
August 12 – Katharine Lee Bates (died 1929), American poet best known as the author of the words to the anthem "America the Beautiful"; her poem "Goody Santa Claus on a Sleigh Ride" (1889) popularizes "Mrs. Santa Claus"
September 19 – Annie Wall Barnett (died 1942), American poet
November 2 – Augusta Peaux (died 1944), Dutch poet
November 4 – Perceval Gibbon (died 1926), South African poet, short-story writer, author and journalist
December 16 – Francis Thompson (died 1907) English poet
Also – Narasinghrao (died 1937), Indian, Gujarati-language poet and writer
Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
January 23 – Bettina von Arnim (born 1785), German writer, poet, composer and novelist
January 23 – Iswarchandra Gupta (born 1811), Bengali poet and writer
February 13 – Eliza Acton (born 1799), English poet and cook who produced one of the country's first cookbooks aimed at the domestic reader rather than the professional
March 30 – James Matthews Legaré (born 1823), American poet and failed inventor
April 3 – Reginald Heber (born 1783, English Anglican bishop, poet and hymn writer
April 14 – Sydney, Lady Morgan, née Owenson (born about 1781), Irish novelist and poet
July 23 – Marceline Desbordes-Valmore (born 1786), French
August 28 – Leigh Hunt (born 1784), English critic, essayist, poet and writer
November 28 – Washington Irving (born 1783) American author, essayist, biographer, historian and poet
December 28 – Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay (born 1800) English historian, Whig politician and poet
See also
19th century in poetry
19th century in literature
List of years in poetry
List of years in literature
Victorian literature
French literature of the 19th century
Poetry
Notes
19th-century poetry
Poetry |
Grace Elizabeth Scrivens (born 10 November 2003) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Kent, Sunrisers and London Spirit. An all-rounder, she is a left-handed batter and right-arm off break bowler.
Early life
Scrivens was born on 10 November 2003 in Kent.
Domestic career
Scrivens made her county debut in 2018, for Kent against Surrey. In her second match, she hit 24* from 17 balls in a Twenty20 against Yorkshire to help her side to a 5 wicket victory. In 2019, she was part of the Kent squad that won the 2019 Women's County Championship. In 2021, she was Kent's leading run-scorer as they won the South East Group of the 2021 Women's Twenty20 Cup, with 191 runs at an average of 47.75, as well as taking 4 wickets. She hit 94* from 62 balls in a match against Surrey, which was named the Women's Moment of the Year at the end of season Kent Cricket Awards. Scrivens was also voted the Players' Player of the Year. In the 2022 Women's Twenty20 Cup, she was the third-highest run-scorer across the entire competition, with 265 runs including three half-centuries.
In 2020, Scrivens played for Sunrisers in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy. She appeared in all six matches, scoring 137 runs at an average of 22.83 and taking 3 wickets. She hit her List A high score in her final game of the tournament, scoring 72 against Western Storm. In 2021, she scored 161 runs and took 4 wickets in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, as well as scoring 92 runs and taking 5 wickets in the Charlotte Edwards Cup. Scrivens top-scored with 34* in the side's only victory that season, over Western Storm. She also played two matches for London Spirit in The Hundred. At the end of the 2021 season, it was announced that Scrivens had signed a professional contract with Sunrisers. In April 2022, she was bought by the London Spirit for the 2022 season of The Hundred.
Scrivens was ever-present for Sunrisers in 2022, across the Charlotte Edwards Cup and the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy. In the Charlotte Edwards Cup, she scored 141 runs as well as taking seven wickets, the joint most for her side. In a Charlotte Edwards Cup match against Western Storm, she scored 56 with the bat and took 4/33 with the ball. In the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, Scrivens was the tournament's joint-leading wicket-taker, with 13 wickets at an average of 14.69, and the tournament's third-highest run-scorer, with 297 runs at an average of 49.50 including four half-centuries. She took a four-wicket haul and scored a half-century against South East Stars, as well as taking 4/20 from 10 overs against Northern Diamonds and scoring half-centuries against Western Storm, Lightning and Central Sparks. She was also ever-present for London Spirit in The Hundred, scoring 57 runs and taking three wickets. At the end of the season, Scrivens was awarded Sunrisers' Player of the Year, Batter of the Year, Bowler of the Year and Supporters' Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy Player of the Competition awards. She was also nominated for the PCA Women's Young Player of the Year award.
In 2023, she was Sunrisers' leading run-scorer in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, with 398 runs at an average of 39.80. She scored her maiden List A century in September 2023, scoring 107 against The Blaze. She was also named captain of Sunrisers in September 2023. She played four matches for London Spirit in The Hundred, scoring 38 runs.
International career
In October 2022, Scrivens was selected in the England Under-19 squad for the 2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup. She was later named as captain of the side. She was ever-present for the side as they reached the final, scoring 293 runs at an average of 41.85 and taking 9 wickets. She ended the tournament as the second-highest run-scorer across the competition, scoring three half-centuries including the tournament's highest score, 93 against Ireland. Against Zimbabwe, she took 4/2 from her four overs. She was subsequently named Player of the Tournament.
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
Kent women cricketers
Sunrisers women's cricketers
London Spirit cricketers
Cricketers from Kent |
The 1904–05 season was the 17th season of The Football League. Woolwich Arsenal were the first club from southern England to feature in the top flight of English football since its inception in 1888–89.
Final league tables
Beginning in the 1894–95 season, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded). In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976–77 season.
During the first six seasons of the league, (up to the 1893–94 season), re-election process concerned the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the league. From the 1894–95 season and until the 1920–21 season the re-election process was required of the clubs which finished in the bottom three of the league.
First Division
Results
Maps
Second Division
Results
Maps
See also
1904–05 in English football
1904 in association football
1905 in association football
References
External links
Ian Laschke: Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888–89 to 1978–79. Macdonald and Jane's, London & Sydney, 1980.
English Football League seasons
1904–05 in English association football leagues |
Uri Orlev (; 24 February 1931 – 26 July 2022) born Jerzy Henryk Orłowski, was a Polish-born Israeli children's author and translator. He received the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1996 for his "lasting contribution to children's literature", the Prime Minister’s Prize for Hebrew Literary Works in 1972 and the Bialik Prize for literature in 2006.
Biography
Uri Orlev was born in 1931 in Warsaw, Poland, the son of a physician. During World War II, his father was taken captive by the Russians and he lived with his mother in the Warsaw Ghetto until she was killed by the Nazis. A relative hid him and his brother in the ghetto until he was caught by the Germans and deported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1943. As a prisoner in Bergen-Belsen, he wrote and recited poetry which would later be published by Yad Vashem in 2005. He survived the Holocaust and was liberated by the British Army in 1945. He and his brother emigrated to Israel and were placed in kibbutz Ginegar. They were joined by their father in 1954. After finishing high school on the kibbutz, Orlev served in the Israel Defense Forces as an infantryman. Upon completing his regular military service, Orlev returned to the kibbutz and began working in the cowsheds. He continued to serve as a reservist and subsequently fought in the Suez Crisis, Six-Day War, and Yom Kippur War.
While living and working at Ginegar, Orlev began imagining short stories. He typically spent his weekends travelling to and from Haifa to watch movies there along with a German-born kibbutznik named Shlomo. During their bus rides, Orlev told Shlomo his stories, who urged him to write them down. After writing a rough draft, Orlev was granted permission by the kibbutz to spend a year with the family of Eliyahu Soloveitchik, a man he'd met in Bergen-Belsen who was living near Haifa. While there, he continued writing his manuscript, which would become his book The Lead Soldiers. He returned to Ginegar where he resumed his cowshed work and had the book published in 1956.
In 1968, Orlev and his family moved to the Yemin Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem. He began writing children's literature as a profession and ended up publishing over 30 books, which are often biographical, about his childhood during the Holocaust or his early years in Israel, and from an accessible perspective for children. His books have been translated from Hebrew into 36 languages. Among his more famous works are Run, Boy, Run, The Island on Bird Street and The Lead Soldiers.
He was also a translator of Polish literature into Hebrew, such as Quo Vadis by Henryk Sienkiewicz.
Orlev appeared in the documentary film "Life is Strange" where he was interviewed about his books and life before World War II.
Orlev was twice married and had two sons, a daughter, and four grandchildren. One of his sons, Itamar Orlev, is also a writer and made his debut with the novel Bandit in 2015.
He died on 26 July 2022.
Awards and critical acclaim
The biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books. Orlev received the writing award in 1996. The jury stated:
In 1972, he received the Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works. In 2006, he was awarded the Bialik Prize for literature (jointly with Ruth Almog and Raquel Chalfi).
In the U.S., four books by Orlev have won the Batchelder Award in English-language translations by Hillel Halkin published by Houghton Mifflin. The annual American Library Association award recognizes the "children's book considered to be the most outstanding of those books originally published in a foreign language in a foreign country, and subsequently translated into English and published in the United States". The four American titles were The Island on Bird Street, The Man from the Other Side, The Lady with the Hat, and Run, Boy, Run, published from 1984 to 2003 by Houghton Mifflin, eventually by its Walter Lorraine Books imprint.
Published works
Awards
1992: National Jewish Book Award for The Man From the Other Side
References
External links
Biography & Bibliography from the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature
1931 births
2022 deaths
Israeli children's writers
Israeli Jews
Polish children's writers
Polish emigrants to Israel
Polish male writers
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Writers from Warsaw
Hans Christian Andersen Award for Writing winners
Warsaw Ghetto inmates
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp survivors
Recipients of Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works |
Jamshedpur (, ) or Tatanagar is the largest and most populous city in Jharkhand and the first planned industrial city in India. It is a Notified Area Council and Municipal Corporation and also the headquarter of the East Singhbhum district. It is a popular tourist destination known for its forests, ancient temples and royal palaces. It was ranked as the cleanest city of India in the year 2019.
It was founded by Jamsetji Tata, founder of the Tata Group, and was named after him. It was established in 1919.
Jamshedpur was ranked as the cleanest city of India in 2020 by Swach Survekshan in 2020. Jamshedpur was ranked the 7th cleanest city of India in 2010. The city is also ranked as 2nd in India in terms of quality of life. Jamshedpur is the 84th fastest growing city in the world according to City Mayors Foundation. It is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and is the 36th – largest urban agglomeration and 72nd largest city in India by population. It is one of the first Smart Cities in India along with Naya Raipur.
Etymology
In 1919 Lord Chelmsford renamed the city, which was originally Sakchi, to Jamshedpur in honour of its founder, Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. Tata had written to his son Dorabji Tata about his vision of a great city in the area. On Founders Day (3 March), the Jubilee Park is decorated with brilliant lightwork for about a week.
History
The prospectors C. M. Weld, Dorabji Tata and Shapurji Saklatvala took nearly three years in a painstaking search across vast stretches of inhospitable terrain to find a location for a steel plant. One day they came across Sakchi (present-day a business district), on the densely forested stretches of the Chota Nagpur plateau, near the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. It seemed to be the ideal choice and the place was selected.
In 1908, the construction of the plant as well as the city officially began. The first steel ingot was rolled on 16 February 1912. It was a momentous day in the history of industrial India.
Jamsetji Tata's plan for the city was clear. He envisioned far more than a mere row of workers' hutments. He insisted upon building all the comforts and conveniences a city could provide. As a result, many areas in the city are well planned and there are public leisure places such as the Jubilee Park. While building the city, Tata had said:
Messrs Julin Kennedy Sahlin from Pittsburgh prepared the first layout of the town of Jamshedpur. Jamshedpur is a million-plus city with three municipal corporations, Jamshedpur Notified area committee, Jugsalai Municipal corporation and Mango Notified area committee.
In 1945, Tata Motors was setup here. It is now the second largest industry in Jamshedpur. A municipal corporation was proposed in 2005 but after protests from the residents this did not happen.
Geography
Jamshedpur is situated in the southern end of the state of Jharkhand and is bordered by the states of Odisha and West Bengal. The average elevation of the city is 135 metres while the range is from 129 m to 151 m. Total geographical area of Jamshedpur is 224 km square. Jamshedpur is primarily located in a hilly region and is surrounded by the Dalma Hills running from west to east and covered with dense forests. The other smaller hill ranges near the city are Ukam Hill and the Jadugoda-musabani hill range. The city is also a part of the larger Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The region is formed of the sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks belonging to the Dharwarian period.
Jamshedpur is located at the confluence of the Kharkai and Subarnarekha Rivers. Subarnarekha is the principal river of Jamshedpur, which flows from west to south-eastern part of the territory. Many small rivers, especially the tributaries, join the Subarnarekha river in this area. The Kharkai flows from the south and joins the Subarnarekha river at a place called Domuhani. The two rivers are the major sources of drinking water and groundwater for the city. Several lakes of varying size are also located near the fringes of the city. The major of them being the Dimna lake located in between the Dalma range and the Sitarampur reservoir situated beside Kharkai river. It is also a major tourist spot in the region. Both of them also act as reservoirs for drinking water in the city. The city falls under deciduous type of forest region and the green cover is estimated to be around 33% of the total land area. The city falls under the Seismic Zone II region. Jamshedpur has many parks around it. Jubilee Park at Sakchi is the largest park in Jamshedpur. It was built by Jamshedji Tata, who was inspired by Vrindavanan Gardens of Mysore.
Climate
Cityscape and urban structure
The center of Jamshedpur has commercial areas and main areas. Central Jamshedpur contains a financial and business district. Famous landmarks in the center include Jubilee Park and Tata Steel. Sakchi and Bistupur are the business and financial district. Center part is also the oldest part of the city. The Western portion of the city has the areas of Adityapur, Gamharia, and Sonari. Sonari is a residential and commercial neighborhood, while Adityapur and Gamharia are the major industrial neighborhoods. Adityapur is also a city and a part of Jamshedpur. Gamharia has an industrial area namely Industrial Area, Gamharia. Adityapur has the Adityapur Industrial Area. There are five national highways crossing the city. Mango Bridge connects the city center to Mango. Marine Drive is a popular road and picturesque promenade in Jamshedpur. It starts from Sonari and connects Adityapur.Adityapur has the NIT Jamshedpur. The southern part of Jamshedpur contains Jugsalai, Birsanagar, Kadma, Burmamines, TELCO Colony, Bagbera Colony and Jojobera. Jugsalai is the commercial area which is known for the wholesale market. while Birsanagar, Kadma and Bagbera consists of residential and commercial hubs. Burmamines, TELCO Colony, Bagbera Colony and Jojobera are the other main and major industrial areas of the city. Apart from north, whole areas of Jamshedpur has at least one industrial area. Other tall towers are TCE Building and Voltas House. In Jamshedpur, many hi-rise buildings are under construction now. Now the tallest building will be City Center II, which will be built at Adityapur. These tall buildings are mostly on the Central and Western side of the city. Jamshedpur has 10 - 14 floors of buildings.
Localities
Demographics
Population
According to the 2011 census of India, the city of Jamshedpur had a population of 629,659, but the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration had a population of 1,337,131. The city is designated as a Million Plus Urban Agglomeration as per Government terminology. Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%. Jamshedpur has an average literacy rate of 89.41% – higher than the national average of 74%. In Jamshedpur, 11.5% of the population is under six years of age.
Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration includes: Jamshedpur (Industrial Town), Jamshedpur (NAC), Tata Nagar Railway Colony (OG), Mango (NAC), Jugsalai (M), Bagbera (CT), Chhota Gobindpur (CT), Haludbani (CT), Sarjamda (CT), Gadhra (CT), Ghorabandha (CT), Purihasa (CT), Adityapur (M Corp.), Chota Gamahria (CT) and Kapali (CT).
Language
The official language is Hindi. The second most spoken language is Urdu. Additionally, in Jamshedpur, many East Indian languages are spoken, including Bengali, Magahi, Santhali and Odia. Punjabi is also spoken, as are some South Indian languages, such as Kannada and Tamil.
(For language details see Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai block#Language and religion.)
Religion and Ethnicity
Hindus form the majority religion in Jamshedpur. While Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians form a significant minority. Jains and Buddhists also live in the city. Hindus are found in almost all areas of Jamshedpur. Muslims are also found in almost all areas of Jamshedpur, but many are concentrated in Maango, Sakchi, and Golmuri. Most Sikhs live in Golmuri and Sakchi. Christians are mostly found in the central part of the city. Tribals constitute around 28% of the population, and live in Birsanagar, a very large area covering a major part of Jamshedpur.
Migration
Migration is a major reason behind Jamshedpur's increase in population and it being multicultural. When Jamshedpur was established, many people from Bihar, especially Muslims, migrated to the city for employment and later settled down there. In Jamshedpur many Muslims are from Bihari cities such as Bhagalpur, Darbhanga and Patna. Many Tamil and Kannadigas also settle in the city. Many other cities such as Dhanbad, Ranchi and Bokaro, which are in Jharkhand, are also filled with many migrants for jobs. While many other local people are also living in Jamshedpur, including Muslims, many Sikhs have also settled in the city. Many Punjabi Refugees are also present in the city at Punjabi Refugee Colony in Golmuri.
The 1974 Indian smallpox epidemic was partially traced to economic migrants returning from Jamshedpur. With funding from J. R. D. Tata, the World Health Organization quarantined the city's unvaccinated population, successfully limiting further spread.
Economy
The largest industry in Jamshedpur is that of Tata Steel. It is situated in the centre of the city and occupies approximately 1/5 of the entire city area. It acts as a pivotal center for the industries of the city of Jamshedpur with a large number of them having direct or indirect linkages with it. Tata Motors is the second major industry. It is spread over an area of in the eastern side of the city. It manufactures Medium and Heavy commercial vehicles and the main components. The company also has its own township commonly known as Telco.
Nuvoco Vistas Corp. Ltd is a cement plant located in Jojobera, Jamshedpur. It is Asia's largest Cement Grinding Unit.
There is a varied and powerful industrial base in the Adityapur Industrial Area. Jamshedpur is regarded as the industrial capital of Jharkhand.
Arts and Culture
Cinema
Jamshedpur has influence on Hindi, and Bengali. Many films have been shot and based in the city and it is also sometimes called "Mini Mumbai" because of a great cinema culture and producing many film and television artists. Ritwik Ghatak's Subarnarekha, a 1962 Bengali film and Satyakam, a 1969 Hindi film starring Dharmendra and Sharmila Tagore were shot in Ghatsila area. Years after, film Udaan was shot and based in the city which also got screened in Cannes Film Festival. Bubble Gum film was based in the city and portions of M.S.Dhoni: The Untold Story were also shot in Jamshedpur. Buddhadeb Dasgupta's Bengali film, Urojohaj was also shot in outskirts of city. The movie Dil Bechara, starring Sushant Singh Rajput and John Abraham's directorial Banana were also shot in the city. Many entertainers are also from this city such as Priyanka Chopra, R. Madhavan and Imtiaz Ali.
Government
The civic administration of the city is under Greater Jamshedpur Metropolitan Region, Govt of Jharkhand.
The major urban local bodies are:
Jamshedpur Industrial Town
Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee (JNAC)
Mango Municipal Corporation
Adityapur Municipal Corporation
Jugsalai Nagar Parishad
Kapali Nagar Parishad
Education
Important educational institutions in Jamshedpur are:
XLRI, founded in 1949, is the oldest management institute of India; Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, established in 1961; and the engineering college National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, an Institute of National Importance, established as a Regional Institute of Technology on 15 August 1960. The National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), one of the 38 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories, was inaugurated on 26 November 1950 by Jawaharlal Nehru. Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute (SNTI), established in 1921 as the technical training department of Tata Steel, now develops skilled employees for other companies as well. Its 400,000 volume library is one of the most popular in the city. Many high level institutions are located in Jamshedpur. Now there is further development to setup more universities and several other educational institutions.
Sports
Jamshedpur's private clubs provide opportunities for activities, such as golf, tennis, squash, billiards, horseriding and water scootering. Jamshedpur FC is a professional football club based in Jamshedpur which competes in the Indian Super League (ISL), the top flight of Indian Football. The club is owned by Tata Steel.
Facilities and academies
Sporting facilities and academies include:
JRD Tata Sports Complex has an international standard multi-use stadium and an eight-lane mono-synthetic track. It is primarily used for football and athletics but facilities for various other sports including archery, basketball, field hockey, swimming, table tennis, tennis, volleyball, skating, yoga as well as a modern gymnasium, are available at the complex. The stadium is currently being used by Jamshedpur FC as their home ground. it hosted the women football competition & archery event of the 34th National Games in 2011.
Keenan Stadium hosted its 1st International One Day Cricket match on 7 December 1983 in which India lost to the touring West Indies Team. Many other International matches have been played here in which India has won only one match against South Africa in 1999–2000.
Tata Football Academy was started in 1987 to nurture budding Indian footballers and raise the standard of Indian football. TFA is a football club in Jamshedpur, sponsored by Tata Steel. Today, Tata Football Academy is one of the premier football breeding grounds in India.
Tata Archery Academy: archery is a sport indigenous to the tribal people of Chhotanagpur and Santhal Pargana. Tata Steel has pursued and nurtured the local tribals and provided them with facilities and training to bring them up to international competition standards in archery. Its students have attributed a lot of fame to the institute by bringing in many medals in National and International competitions.
Tata Steel Adventure Foundation – Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest, is the director of Tata Steel Adventure Foundation.
Jamshedpur has two golf courses—the Beldih Golf Course and the Golmuri Golf Course. Both of these courses are at the heart of the city. The biggest is the Beldih Golf Course which is around 6,000 yards. The Golmuri Golf Course although smaller is also challenging. They together hold the annual Tata Open Golf Tournament which is an event held under the support of the Professional Golf Tour of India. The tournament was started in 2002. Jamshedpur also has the Jamshedpur Gliding Club and the Jamshedpur Co-operative Flying club.
Media
Television
Jamshedpur has various local news broadcast and cable media channels including:
ABP News
Print
English, Santali, and Bengali newspapers are published from the city, including.
Hindi newspapers
Dainik Jagran
Dainik Bhaskar
Hindustan Dainik
Prabhat Khabar
English newspapers
The Avenue Mail.
Bengali Newspapers
Khobor Kagoj
Transportation
The Tatanagar Junction on the Chakradharpur railway division of the South Eastern Railway, is the major railhead of Jamshedpur. Other railway stations in the city include Adityapur, Gamharia, Kandra and Govindpur.
Jamshedpur is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major highways are:
National Highway 33 (NH-33) touches the city and connects it to Mumbai and further joins the NH32, which connects with Kolkata, Delhi NH-2, NH-33 and NH-6 connects it to Kharagpur, Kolkata.
National Highway 18 (NH-18) connects Jamshedpur to Dhanbad, Via Bokaro.
Tata-Kandra Road connects Jamshedpur to Kandra via Gamahria.
Marine Drive, Jamshedpur connects Adityapur Toll Bridge to Mango via Kadma, Sonari through the western corridors of Jamshedpur
Jamshedpur has a bus station in Maango. This bus station have buses which go to other cities like Bokaro, Dhanbad, Ranchi etc. However, now there is a plan to update and rebuild and renovate this bus stand/station.
Sonari Airport is serving the city at present. It is spread over a 25-acre area in the Sonari area of the city. The airport is primarily used for bringing in chartered planes of TATA group. In previous days there were flights from Jamshedpur to Kolkata.
Dhalbhumgarh Airport is a proposed public airport located at Dhalbhumgarh, in the state of Jharkhand, India as a greenfield airport for Jamshedpur. It will be built on the site of an abandoned World War II airfield situated from Jamshedpur on NH-33. The old airfield was built around 1942, as an ancillary runway for other airfields in the vicinity that were being built around India's eastern frontier as part of the war effort.
It was one of the airfields used by Allied forces to repel the advancing Japanese troops and to maintain transport links with China. As the Japanese forces came to control shipping in the China Sea, seaborne supply routes to China were cut and the difficult route over the Himalayas was increasingly used. The airfield was abandoned after the war. The technical team of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) conducted a survey in 2017 and approved the Dhalbhumgarh site for a greenfield airport. The government plans to invest Rs 300 crore through AAI for the new airport which will have a runway. In January 2018, Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha announced that the Union Civil Aviation Ministry and the Jharkhand Government would sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the construction of Dhalbhumgarh Airport.
In 2022, it is announced that the Sonari Airport will start commercial public flights for Jamshedpur to Bhubaneswar and Kolkata. After efforts from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of Jharkhand and Tata Steel, the airport has been reopened on 31 January 2023, with flight services provided by the new low-cost regional airline, IndiaOne Air, to Kolkata and Bhubaneswar.
Tourism
Jamshedpur has a number of popular tourist destinations, including:
Jubilee Park, built by Jamsetji Tata and was inspired by Vrindavan Gardens of Mysore
Dalma Wild Life Sanctuary
Dimna Lake, artificial reservoir
Tata Steel Zoological Park
JRD Tata Sports Complex, home stadium of Jamshedpur FC and held 2011 National Games
Marine Drive, Jamshedpur, one of the few marine drives in India
Dalma Hills, hill range surrounding East Singhbhum
Ghatshila, a picnic spot
Jamshedpur Coin Museum, museum has got 1200 rare and antique coins of varied mint & metals and also has the world's smallest coin dating back to 300–400 AD
Sumant Moolgaonkar Park, build near HUDCO Lake
Millenium Park
The Russi Modi Centre of Excellence
Notable people
Varun Aaron, cricketer
Imtiaz Ali, director
Pratyusha Banerjee, television actress
Priyanka Chopra, Indian singer, actress and winner of Miss World 2000
Rasika Dugal, actress
Gerald Durrell, OBE, conservationist
Ishita Dutta, actress
Tanushree Dutta, former Femina Miss India and actress
Adarsh Gourav, actor
Ishank Jaggi, cricketer
Saba Karim, cricketer
Kamlesh Kumar, teacher and social activist
R. Madhavan, actor
Manmohan, actor
Shomu Mukherjee, filmmaker
Gourav Mukhi, footballer
Shweta Prasad, actress
Arshadul Qadri, scholar
K. V. P. Rao, cricketer
Shilpa Rao, singer
Randhir Singh, cricketer
Simone Singh, Indian television actress
Akshat Singh, YouTuber
Saurabh Tiwary, cricketer
References
External links
East Singhbhum District Administration website
TataSteel.com: Fact File on Jamshedpur (Tata City)
Galli Magazine: Photo essay on Jamshedpur (Tatanagar / Tata City)
Wikimapia.org: Satellite images of Jamshedpur
1919 establishments in British India
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011
Cities and towns in East Singhbhum district
Company towns in India
East Singhbhum district
Metropolitan cities in India
Planned communities in India
Populated places established in 1919
Tata Group
Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2012 |
() is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and district of La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking and French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365.
History
Prehistory
The region around Fribourg has been settled since the Neolithic period, although few remains have been found. These include some flint tools found near Bourguillon, as well as a stone hatchet and bronze tools. A river crossing was located in the area during the Roman Era. The main activity in the Swiss plateau bypassed the area to the north, however, and was instead centered around the valley of the river Broye and Aventicum. Therefore, only a few remains from the Roman era have been found in Fribourg. These include the traces of a wall foundation on the plains near Pérolles.
Middle Ages
The town was founded as Freiburg in 1157 by Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen. Its name is derived from German (free) and (fort). Its most ancient part is conveniently located on a former peninsula of the river Sarine, protected on three sides by steep cliffs. The easily defended city helped the Dukes of Zähringen to strengthen and extend their power in the Swiss plateau in the area between the Aare and La Sarine.
Beginning at the time of its inception, Fribourg built a city-state; initially, the land it controlled lay some distance away. When the dukes of died out in 1218, the city was transferred to the related family. They granted the city its former privileges and wrote the municipal laws in the so-called in 1249, in which the legal, institutional and economic organizations were established. Several treaties with neighbouring city-states, including (1239), Bern (1243), and () (1245), were signed at this time.
The city was sold to the Habsburgs in 1277. Trade and industry began as early as the mid-13th century. In the early period, Fribourg consisted of four distinct inner city districts: Burg, Au, La Neuveville, and Spital. The city developed rapidly, which led to its first expansion: the Burg district expanded to the west in 1224, a town was established across the river in 1254, and in 1280 development began near Place Python. These expansions reflect the economic boom in Fribourg. The 14th century was dominated by trade, and cloth and leather production, which brought the city renown in Central Europe by 1370. In 1339, Fribourg participated alongside the Habsburgs and the County of Burgundy in the Battle of Laupen against Bern and its Swiss Confederacy allies.
The treaty with Bern was renewed in 1403. The leaders of the city began a territorial acquisition, in which they gradually brought more nearby land under their control. This laid the ground-work for the Canton of Fribourg. By 1442 the city had control of all the land within about , on both sides of the Saane. It was therefore directly controlled by the city leaders, not by any intermediate administration.
The mid-15th century was shaped by various military conflicts. First, considerable losses in a war against Savoy had to be made good. The Savoyard influence on the city grew, and the Habsburgs ceded it to them in 1452. It remained under the control of Savoy until the Burgundian Wars in 1477. As an ally of Bern, Fribourg participated in the war against Charles I of Burgundy, thereby bringing more land under its control.
After the city was released from the sphere of influence of Savoy, it attained the status of Free Imperial City in 1478. The city and its canton joined the Swiss Confederation in 1481, and has long influenced Swiss and European Catholicism. In the 16th century, Fribourg continued to grow, first following the invasion of in 1536 with the help of Bern, and then in 1554 through the annexation of land formerly controlled by the Count of .
Several prominent families developed as a result of the cloth and leather trade, beginning in the 14th century, including , , , (originally from Bern), , , and . Together with the local nobles (the , /Velga, , and families) they formed the 15th century patrician class. This contributed to the decline of the cloth trade, however, as the families involved in the industry began to be more concerned with governing the city and its surrounding possessions.
An important milestone for the politics of the city was reached in 1627, when the patricians drew up a new constitution, in which they declared that they were the only people capable of ruling the city, and thereby took control of all voting rights. This consolidated the oligarchy which had begun to form as early as the 15th century.
Importance of monasteries and churches
The monasteries of Fribourg have always formed a centre of religious culture, which includes architecture, sculpture and painting, and have contributed to the culture of the city. The Franciscan monastery was donated by Jakob von Riggisberg in 1256. In early times, it was closely associated with the city council, because it housed the city archives and its monastery church was used for town meetings until 1433.
Similarly, the Augustinian monastery was founded in the mid-13th century, and enjoyed the support of the noble Velga family for a long time. Additionally, La Maigrauge Abbey has existed since 1255, and has belonged to the Cistercians since 1262. An important institution was the public hospital, opened in the mid-13th century, which provided services for the poor.
During the Reformation, Fribourg remained Catholic, although it was nearly surrounded by the Protestant Bern. This led to repeated conflicts over religion in border regions, and in areas controlled jointly by Fribourg and Bern. The city was a major centre of the Counter-Reformation. At the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th, new monasteries were established in the city, including: a Capuchin monastery (1608), another on Bisemberg (1621), an Ursuline monastery (1634), and a Visitandine monastery (1635). The most influential monastery, however, was that of the Jesuits, which contributed to a large extent to the advancement and prosperity of the city. It established the College of Saint Michael in 1582, the theological faculty of which formed the basis of the University of Fribourg. The concept of an objective press was also begun by the Jesuits.
In 1613 Fribourg became the seat of the Bishop of Lausanne, who, after the Reformation, was forced first into Evian, and then into exile in Burgundy. Today it is the seat of the Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg.
1780–1809
The strong patrician regime, consisting of no more than 60 families, filled all of the influential positions in the city and dominated all political, social, economic and cultural arenas of Fribourg. On several occasions unhappy citizens joined to attempt a revolt, including in 1781 under the leadership of Pierre-Nicolas Chenaux. These revolts were repressed with the help of Bern and Bernese troops. The invasion of Switzerland by French troops in 1798 led to the downfall of this Ancien Régime. Fribourg capitulated to the French on 2 March and relinquished leadership of its lands. This freed the way for the first municipal elections, in which Jean de Montenach was elected the first mayor. With the introduction of the Act of Mediation under Napoleon in 1803, the separation of the city of Fribourg from its Canton was finally carried out. Fribourg was made the capital of its region and Canton, and, between 1803 and 1809, was one of the capitals of Switzerland.
Sonderbund
The patricians regained control of the city in 1814 during the Restoration period. They ruled until 1830. Its leadership was followed by a new and more liberal constitution. Fribourg was part of the 1845-1847 Sonderbund, a "separate alliance" of Catholic cantons attempting to secede from Switzerland. Fribourg and the Sonderbund capitulated to Federalist forces under General Dufour on 14 November 1847 in what amounted to a brief and nearly bloodless Swiss civil war. Since 1848, the new national constitution and the amendment to the Canton constitution has guaranteed every citizen the right to vote.
Modern times
The later 19th and the 20th century brought about drastic changes to the city's culture and physical nature. In 1848 the city wall was partially torn down and a new bridge constructed across the Saane/La Sarine. The opening of the midland railway line through the city in 1862 led to the development of a "railway station quarter" of the city. The improved transportation enabled Fribourg to undergo industrialisation. The city centre shifted from the Old City to the new Train Station quarter. Extensive areas in Pérolles, Beauregard and Vignettaz were developed with industry or houses around 1900. The inauguration of the university in 1889 was an important event in Fribourg. Another economic boon to the city was the opening of the nearby A12 highway.
Geography
Topography
Fribourg has an elevation of (in the Old City), and is situated southwest of Bern. It is located on the Swiss plateau, and extends on both sides of the Sarine, which, in the vicinity of Fribourg, has cut deeply into the molasse. The Old City is located on a hill, only about wide, which rises about above the valley floor. Most quarters of the city are located on the High Plateau and the surrounding hills, which have an average elevation of . The valley floor is only settled in the area immediately around the Old City.
Fribourg has an area, , of . Of this area, or 13.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 17.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 63.3% is settled (buildings or roads), or 5.7% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.8% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 4.5% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 34.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 15.2%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.5%. Out of the forested land, 14.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.9% is used for growing crops and 6.0% is pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 1.7% is in lakes and 4.0% is in rivers and streams.
The area of the municipality, which is relatively small for a city, covers an area of Molasse in the central part of Canton of Fribourg. The area is cut through from south to north by the tightly wound Saane/La Sarine, which has eroded a valley, in some places, to a depth of below the surrounding Plateau. In general, the valley floor is between wide. Le Lac de Pérolles, formed as a reservoir by Maigrauge Dam, the first Gravity Dam in Europe, in 1872, is located south of the city. The head of the Schiffenensee is located just north of the city. At both of these artificial lakes, La Sarine covers nearly the entire valley floor.
The hills flanked on both sides by steep, largely wooded, slopes. To the east, the municipality reaches up the slopes of Mount Schönberg, which, with an elevation of , is the highest point in Fribourg. The river Galtera, also deeply cut into the plateau, flows between the mountain and the river, emptying into the Saane/La Sarine near the Old City.
The former village of Bourguillon lies within the municipality. Fribourg borders on Düdingen and Tafers to the east, Pierrafortscha to the southeast, Marly to the south, Villars-sur-Glâne and Givisiez to the west, and Granges-Paccot to the north.
Climate
Politics
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a Castle embattled and towered on dexter issuant from a Semi Annulet all Argent.
The canton and the capital share the same name but have different coats of arms.
Administrative divisions
Government
The Municipal Council (, ) constitutes the executive government of the City of Fribourg and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (, ), each presiding over a directorate comprising several departments and the related commissions. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (syndic). In the mandate period 2021–2026 (la législature) the Municipal Council is presided by Monsieur le Syndic Thierry Steiert. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the General Council (parliament) are carried by the Municipal Council. The regular election of the Municipal Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every five years. Any resident of Fribourg allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council. Due to the constitution by canton of Fribourg not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of type C and being resident in the canton of Fribourg for at least 5 years. The current mandate period is from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Proporz. The mayor is elected as such by a public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Town Hall (L'Hôtel de Ville), in the old city on Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville.
As of 2021, Fribourg's Municipal Council is made up of two representatives of the PS/SP (Social Democratic Party, of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of PDC/CVP (Christian Democratic Party), PCS/CSP (Christian Social Party), and PES/GPS (Green Party), giving the left parties a majority of four out of five seats. The last regular election was held on 7 March 2021. All previous members have been re-elected.
Parliament
The General Council (, ), the city parliament, holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every five years. The General Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the Municipal Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.
The sessions of the General Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipal Council, members of the General Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Fribourg allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the General Council. Due to the constitution by canton of Fribourg not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of type C and being resident in the canton of Fribourg for at least 5 years. The Parliament holds its meetings in the Grande salle de la Maison de Justice, in the old city on rue des Chanoines 1.
The last regular election of the General Council was held on 7 March 2021 for the mandate period (la législature) from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. Currently the General Council consist of 23 (-7) members of the Social Democratic Party (PS/SP), 21 (+13) Green Party (PES/GPS), 1 (-1) Christian Democratic People's Party (PDC/CVP), 8 (-2) The Liberals (PLR/FDP), 7 (+2) Centre Gauche (PCS/CSP), 6 (-2) Swiss People's Party (UDC/SVP), and one (-) for parti des artistes (PA/KP), giving the left parties a very strong absolute majority.
Elections
National Council
In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS/SP which received 29.4% (-6.8) of the vote. The next four most popular parties were the Green Party 20.9% (+11.0), the PDC/CVP 15.5% (-7.0), the UDC/SVP 9.7% (-4.1), and the FDP/PLR 9.1% (+0.4). In the federal election, a total of 9,426 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.6%.
In the 2015 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS/SP which received 36.3% of the vote. The next four most popular parties were the PDC/CVP (22.5%), the UDC/SVP (13.8%), the Green Party (9.8%), and the FDP/PLR (8.7%). In the federal election, a total of 9.795 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.4%.
Demographics
Population
Fribourg has a population () of . , 31.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 8.3%. Migration accounted for 8.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.9%.
Fribourg is the largest city in Canton Fribourg. The population of Fribourg grew markedly at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as from 1930 to 1970. The maximum population of 42,000 was reached in 1974. Since then, there had been a population loss of approximately 14%, which might have recently reversed.
The population of the agglomeration around Fribourg is 110,000, or, counting only the most nearby suburbs, 75,000 (2015). This includes the municipalities of Avry, Belfaux, Corminboeuf, Givisiez, Granges-Paccot, Marly, Matran and Villars-sur-Glâne. Surrounding municipalities include Givisiez, Granges-Paccot, Villars-sur-Glâne, Marly, as well as Corminboeuf, Belfaux, Grolley, and stretches as far as Düdingen (French Guin) and Tafers (French Tavel) on the right bank of the Sarine.
The growth of the agglomeration around Fribourg has fused the city proper with the neighboring towns of Villars-sur-Glâne, Givisiez, and Granges-Paccot. The town of Klein-Schönberg, which belongs to Tafers, and the village of Uebewil, which belongs to Düdingen, are located right on the eastern edge of town. This settlement area itself has a population of 60,000 (2015).
, the population was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The population was made up of 12,080 Swiss men (31.8% of the population) and 6,475 (17.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 13,855 Swiss women (36.4%) and 5,636 (14.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 10,756 or about 30.3% were born in Fribourg and lived there in 2000. There were 6,394 or 18.0% who were born in the same canton, while 7,164 or 20.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 8,981 or 25.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.9%.
, there were 17,825 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 13,581 married individuals, 2,146 widows or widowers and 1,995 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 15,839 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2. persons per household. There were 7,342 households that consist of only one person and 687 households with five or more people. , a total of 15,409 apartments (87.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,757 apartments (9.9%) were seasonally occupied and 549 apartments (3.1%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 5.5 new units per 1000 residents.
the average price to rent an average apartment in Fribourg was 1062.05 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 623.40 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 792.47 CHF (US$630, £360, €510), a three-room apartment was about 993.14 CHF (US$790, £450, €640) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1870.76 CHF (US$1500, £840, €1200). The average apartment price in Fribourg was 95.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.45%.
Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Languages
Most of the population () speaks French (22,603 or 63.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (7,520 or 21.2%) and Italian is the third (1,359 or 3.8%). There are 55 people who speak Romansh. Few inhabitants in village of Basse-Ville speak Bolze, a mixed language created from the blend of French and Swiss German. Fribourg, the city and the canton, has two official languages, and French outweighs German as both the language of the local government and the most commonly spoken language in public discourse and business in the canton.
Fribourg has always been located on the Swiss language border, but at the time of the city's founding in the 12th century, German was the prevailing language. Although German was the official language of the city until 1800, French gradually became more influential. This was aided by industrialization, which led to an influx of French-speaking immigrants. Since the political changes of the late 18th century and early 19th century, the German-speaking population has been a minority. Even in German, the town is often called "Fribourg" instead of the Standard German "Freiburg", which helps distinguish it from Freiburg im Breisgau on the edge of the Black Forest, Germany. Another explanation is that in the local Alemannic German dialect, the city is called Frybùrg or Friburg (pronounced: [ˈfrib̥ʊrɡ]), from which the French name "Fribourg" was probably derived.
Religion
From the , 24,614 or 69.2% were Roman Catholic, while 2,763 or 7.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 443 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.25% of the population), there were 13 individuals (or about 0.04% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 668 individuals (or about 1.88% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 62 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,676 (or about 4.71% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 161 individuals who were Buddhist, 71 individuals who were Hindu and 43 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,843 (or about 8.00% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 2,509 individuals (or about 7.06% of the population) did not answer the question.
The city remained Catholic during the Reformation, and has since become a centre of Catholicism. It has a greater than average number of churches and monasteries. Fribourg has been the seat of the Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg since 1613. (See Sonderbund)
Economy
Development of trade and economy
Several types of industry developed in Fribourg as early as the 13th and 14th centuries. The extension of the city along the east bank of the Saane/La Sarine made about this time was indicative of a strong economic upturn. In Galterntal, water power was used for various mills. Along the Saane new trade districts developed with the towns of Au, Neustadt and Matten.
The tanneries and cloth manufacturers, strengthened by widespread sheep raising, led to an economic boom in the 14th and 15th centuries. This helped Fribourg by making its trades well known throughout central Europe. A gradual decline in cloth making in the second half of the 15th century occurred as local farmers replaced their sheep with cattle. Other reasons for the collapse of the cloth industry in the 16th century include the fact that the guild refused to use new materials or modern styles, and that the social structure of the city changed with the rise of the patrician class.
After this time, Fribourg was shaped by low-level trade, and was not industrialized until it was connected to the Swiss Railroad, beginning in the 1870s. After Lake Pérolles was built in 1872, energy was able to be supplied to the plateau south and west of the city. Thus, an industrial area developed there, dominated in its early years by a wagon factory and a lumber mill. Later, two breweries were established in this area. A chocolate factory was established in Villârs-sur-Glâne in 1901, but it came under Fribourg's jurisdiction in 1906 after a change of borders.
In the course of the 20th century, the plateau became the industrial section of the city. The development of new industrial areas in neighbouring municipalities, beginning in the 1970s, has permitted continued economic growth.
Economic situation today
, Fribourg had an unemployment rate of 4.9%. , there were 18 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 3,821 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 232 businesses in this sector. 21,614 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 2,004 businesses in this sector. There were 17,207 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 47.1% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 20,099. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, of which 4 were in agriculture, 8 were in forestry or lumber production and 1 was in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3,530 of which 1,744 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 9 or (0.3%) were in mining and 1,455 (41.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 16,555. In the tertiary sector; 2,633 or 15.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 993 or 6.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 1,003 or 6.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 568 or 3.4% were in the information industry, 957 or 5.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 1,535 or 9.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 3,273 or 19.8% were in education and 1,970 or 11.9% were in health care.
Fribourg has more jobs than laborers, and is therefore a large commuter destination for the largely agricultural surrounding area. Local industry includes food and luxury products, drinks (the breweries are owned by the Danish firm Carlsberg), metal and machine construction, electronics, and computer technology.
The largest number of workers are active in the service industries. Many of these work in government administrative positions. Other important sectors are education (at the university), banks and insurance companies, tourism and restaurants, as well as health services. Fribourg is home to the administrative offices of several international companies. The Cantonal hospital is on the border with Villars-sur-Glâne.
, there were 16,572 workers who commuted into the municipality and 6,505 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.5 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 35% used public transportation to get to work, and 37.8% used a private car.
Education
Schools at the compulsory and pre-university level are available in both French and German. The university is officially bilingual, meaning students are expected to have a passive knowledge of both languages, even though it is possible to graduate with a degree exclusively in either language, or both. It is also reputed abroad for its legal and theological studies.
The Villa St. Jean International School was also located in Fribourg.
University of Fribourg
University of Applied Science Fribourg: offers applied tertiary education in technical and management disciplines. Part of UAS Western Switzerland/HES-SO.
École de multimédia et d'art de Fribourg: multimedia and art school, Fribourg, is a professional school on new media communication, image and technics.
Fribourg is home to 5 libraries. These libraries include; the BCU Fribourg, the Deutsche Bibliothek Fribourg, the Bibliothèque de la Ville, the Haute école de santé Fribourg and the École d’ingénieurs et d’architectes (EIA-FR). There was a combined total () of 3,531,605 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 611,405 items were loaned out.
In Fribourg about 11,649 or (32.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 5,671 or (16.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 5,671 who completed tertiary schooling, 47.7% were Swiss men, 31.2% were Swiss women, 12.4% were non-Swiss men and 8.7% were non-Swiss women.
The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four-year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into gymnasium (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend a Tertiary school or continue their apprenticeship.
During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 14,170 students attending 974 classes in Fribourg. A total of 4,966 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There were 25 kindergarten classes with a total of 385 students in the municipality. The municipality had 117 primary classes and 2,037 students. During the same year, there were 117 lower secondary classes with a total of 2,313 students. There were 470 vocational upper Secondary classes and were 186 upper Secondary classes, with 4,012 upper Secondary students and 4,840 vocational upper Secondary students The municipality had 46 specialized Tertiary classes and were 13 non-university Tertiary classes, with 273 non-university Tertiary students and 310 specialized Tertiary students. With its vast diversity of languages and course offerings, University of Fribourg is a popular destination for students on their Erasmus Programme.
, there were 8,234 students in Fribourg who came from another municipality, while 305 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Transport
Fribourg is the most important transport hub of the canton of Fribourg.
Roads
The town lies on the old main road from Bern to Vevey, and acts as an access point to Payerne, Morat and Thun. The connection to the Swiss motorway network was established in 1971 with the opening of the A12 motorway from Bern to Matran, which was extended in 1981 to Vevey. The Swiss east-west A1 from the West Bern bypasses the town to the north and west, only affecting the communities of Tälchen and Chamblioux. The access points of Fribourg-Sud and Fribourg-North are each about 3 km from the city centre.
Railway
The connection to the railway network was accomplished in several stages from 1860. Initially, the railway line from Bern to Fribourg opened on 2 July 1860 with a temporary terminal at Balliswil about 4 km north of the city, as the Grandfey Viaduct over the Sarine valley was not yet finished. On 4 September 1862, the whole of the line from Balliswil to Lausanne via Fribourg opened, with a temporary station building at Fribourg railway station, until the permanent building opened in 1873. A line to Payerne opened on 25 August 1876 and to Morat on 23 August 1898.
Public transport
A funicular railway has been operated from the Neuveville district to the upper city since 1899 by the sewage works. The Fribourg funicular is one of the world's few remaining water-powered funiculars, and the only one powered by sewage water. The upper station is located at the sewage plant which pumps sewage water into the descending car, which makes it heavier than the ascending car. The sewage is released at the bottom.
From 1897 to 1965 in Fribourg there was a long tram network in operation, with the trams replaced from 1949 with the Fribourg trolleybus system. The current bus network is now operated by the Transports publics fribourgeois, with connections to Bulle, Avenches, Schmitten, Schwarzenburg and in the tourist region Schwarzsee.
Airport
The regional Bern-Belp Airport is an hour away from the area.
Culture and tourism
Fribourg is a day trip destination for tourists who want to visit the sights of the city. These include the historic Old City with its Gothic Cathedral of Saint Nicholas renowned for its stained glass windows designed by Józef Mehoffer, and the museums. The Natural History Museum was founded in 1873, and is now located in the natural sciences building at the university. The Museum of Art and History, located in the Ratzéhof since 1920, has exhibits on ancient and early history, sculpture and paintings, traditional tin figures, arts and crafts, as well as money and graphic collections. In the cathedral, a treasure chamber has been on display since 1992. Other museums include the Swiss Museum of Marionnettes, the Swiss Sewing Machine Museum, the Gutenberg Museum, the Bible and Orient Museum and a beer museum.
Cultural experiences include the festival of religious music, the international folklore convention, the jazz parade, an international film festival and Cinéplus (since 1972).
Like its sister city Bern, Fribourg has preserved its medieval center as a whole that is now one of the largest in Europe. It is located on a spectacular peninsula, surrounded on three sides by the Saane/La Sarine. The architecture of the Old City date primarily from the Gothic period; it was built predominately before the 16th century. Most houses are built of the local molasse stone. Consisting of the neighborhoods Bourg, Auge and Neuveville, its old town is rich in fountains and churches dating from the 12th century until the 17th century. Its cathedral, reaching in height, was built between 1283 and 1490. The fortifications of Fribourg form the most important medieval military architecture of Switzerland: of ramparts, 14 towers and one big bulwark. The protections are especially well preserved east and south of the city.
Heritage sites of national significance
Fribourg is home to 67 buildings or sites that are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Religious Buildings: Cistercians Maigrauge Abbey with Library, the former Convent of the Augustinians, Former Commandry de Saint-Jean, Notre-Dame Basilica, Saint-Nicolas et Trésor Cathedral, Centre paroissial du Christe-Roi, Chapel de Lorette, Chapel Saint-Barthélemy and Chapel de Pérolles, Convent of the Capucins, Convent of the Cordeliers, Convent of the Ursulines, Church of Saint-Pierre, Monastère de la Visitation and Monastère of the Capucines de Montorge
Secular Buildings: Former Hôtel des Postes et Télégraphes, Centrale énergétique de la Maigrauge, Cercle de la Grande Société, Chancellerie de l’État, Poya Castle, Cure at Rue de la Lenda 1, Factory Complex of the Chocolats Villars company, Fortifications, Funiculaire Neuveville-Saint-Pierre, Hôpital of the Bourgeois, Hôtel de Ville, Immeuble de rapport Sallin, Les Arcades, Motta Swimming Pool and Vieille Village
Houses and Private Buildings: Auberge de la Cigogne, House at Rue de la Neuveville 48, House at Rue d’Or 7, House at Rue d’Or 13, House d’Alt at Place de l’Hôtel-de-Ville 1, House de Castella, House de Fégely-d’Estavayer dite Vicarino, House de François-Prosper de Castella, House de Gottrau dite Les Tornalettes, House de Jean-François d’Ammann de Macconens, House de Lanthen-Heid, House de Reyff, House de Reyff de Cugy, House de Techtermann, House de Nicolas Kuenlin, House des tanneurs Reyff, House Fégely (?) dite tannerie Deillon and Villa Mayer
Schools: Collège Saint-Michel, Université Miséricorde
Archives, Libraries and Museums: Archives de l’État de Fribourg, Archives de la Ville de Fribourg, Cantonal and University Library, Grenier de Derrière-Notre-Dame et Museum Gutenberg, Musée suisse des arts graphiques, Grenier de la Planche and Hôtel Ratzé et Museum d’art et d’histoire
Fountains: Fountain de la Fidélité, Fountain de la Force, Fountain de la Samaritaine, Fountain de la Vaillance, Fountain de Sainte-Anne, Fountain de Saint-Georges, Fountain de Saint-Jean, Fountain de Samson and Jo Siffert Fountain
Bridges: Pont de Bern, Pont de Saint-Jean, Pont du Gottéron and Pont du Milieu
Sports
The most popular sport club in the town is the ice hockey club HC Fribourg-Gottéron, which plays in the National League (NL). Their home arena is the 8,934-seat BCF Arena. Established in 1937, it has never won a Swiss championship, but has been runner-up five times.
Basketball is played by Fribourg Olympic, which plays its home games at the 3,500-capacity gym of the Holy Cross College. The club has been successful, winning 13 championships (1966, '71, '73, '74, '78, '79, '81, '82, '85, '91, '92, '98, '99 and 2007), six Swiss Cups (1967, '76, '78, '97, '98 and 2007) and one League Cup in 2007.
The football club FC Fribourg plays in the 2. Liga Interregional, the fifth tier of Swiss Football.
Since 1933, on the first Sunday in October, a race from Murten to Fribourg, the "Murtenlauf" (Murten Run), is held to commemorate the Battle of Murten. The race is one of the most popular fun runs in Switzerland.
Notable residents
Prior to the 19th century
The de Weck family, prominent in Fribourg politics beginning in the 15th century
Hans Fries (c. 1465 – c. 1523), Swiss painter before the Reformation
Johann Augustanus Faber (c. 1470–1531), Swiss theologian
Petrus Canisius SJ (1521–1597), Dutch Jesuit Catholic priest, lived in Fribourg 1577–1597 and founded the Jesuit Collège Saint-Michel
Hans Gieng (first mentioned 1525 – died 1562), Swiss Renaissance sculptor best known for his public fountain figures
Jean Jacques Joseph d'Alt (1653—1714), Swiss officer and administrator
Jean-Baptiste Girard (1765–1850), Swiss Franciscan educator
19th century
Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), Swiss-American biologist and geologist
Johannes Bapst (1815–1887), Swiss Jesuit missionary, first president of Boston College
Pierre Rossier (1829–1886), pioneering Swiss photographer, used albumen photographs
Adèle d'Affry (1836–1879), Swiss artist and sculptor from a noble and military family
Jules Repond (1853–1933), Swiss lawyer and law professor, writer and journalist, politician, entrepreneur and military officer. Commander of the Pontifical Swiss Guard 1910–1921
Johann Jakob Hess (1866–1949), Swiss Egyptologist and Assyriologist
Wilhelm Schmidt SVD (1868–1954 in Fribourg), Austrian linguist, anthropologist and ethnologist
Oswald Pilloud (1873–1946 in Fribourg), Swiss painter and illustrator
Jean-Edouard de Castella (1881–1966 in Fribourg), Swiss painter and illustrator
Oskar Naegeli (1885–1959 in Fribourg), Swiss dermatologist and chess master
Léon Savary (1895–1968), Swiss writer and journalist, historian of the city of Fribourg
20th century
Jean Bourgknecht (1902–1964), Swiss politician, mayor of Fribourg 1950–1959 and member of the Swiss Federal Council 1959–1962
Jean Tinguely (1925–1991), Swiss sculptor of machines or kinetic art, in the Dada tradition
Anni-Frid Lyngstad (born 1945), singer from Swedish pop group ABBA, lives near Fribourg
Joseph Deiss (born 1946), economist and Swiss politician; member of the Swiss Federal Council 1999–2006
Arlette Zola (born 1949), singer for Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982.
Pierre Hemmer (1950–2013), Internet pioneer in Switzerland
Urs Schwaller (born 1952), Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Council of States for the Canton of Fribourg since 2003
Daniel Vasella M.D. (born 1953), physician, author and CEO of the Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis
Jean-Francois Mayer (born 1957), religious historian, writer and analyst
Claude Longchamp (born 1957), Swiss historian, political scientist and analyst for Swiss TV
Thomas Baumer (born 1960), Swiss economist and expert for intercultural competence and personality assessment
Caroline Charrière (1960–2018), Swiss composer, conductor, flautist and educator
Franz Treichler (born 1961) Swiss musician, member of The Young Gods
Alexander Laszlo (born 1964), polycultural systems scientist, residing in Argentina
Jean-Claude Bastos de Morais (born 1967), corrupt Swiss-Angolan entrepreneur
Alain Berset (born 1972), politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council
René Brülhart (born 1972), Swiss lawyer, president of the board of directors of the Financial Information Authority (AIF) of Vatican City
Mia Aegerter (born 1976), Swiss musician, model, and stage and film actress
BARON.E (formed 2019), a music duo formed by Faustine Pochon and Arnaud Rolle
Sport
Paul Aeby (1910–??), Swiss footballer, played for Switzerland in the 1938 FIFA World Cup
Georges Aeby (1913–1999), footballer, played for Switzerland in the 1938 FIFA World Cup
Jo Siffert (1936–1971), Swiss F1 racing driver
René Fasel (born 1950), president of the International Ice Hockey Federation; also a dentist
Sandra Kolly (born 1974), Swiss sport shooter, competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics
David Aebischer (born 1978), National Hockey League goaltender
Yves Miéville (born 1983), Swiss football player, over 250 team games
Pascal Mancini (born 1989), Swiss 100 metres sprinter, nandrolone user and racist
Volkan Oezdemir (born 1989), mixed martial artist
Sister cities
Nova Friburgo, Brazil
See also
List of mayors of Fribourg
Franco-Provençal language
Villa St. Jean International School
Nova Friburgo, Brazil
Sonderbund
Notes
References
External links
Cantonal capitals of Switzerland
Cities in Switzerland
Fribourg (capital)
Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg
1150s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1157 establishments in Europe
Free imperial cities
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Fribourg
Populated places established in the 12th century |
Maazel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Fiona Maazel (born 1975), American writer, daughter of Lorin Maazel
Lorin Maazel (1930–2014), American conductor, violinist and composer
Lincoln Maazel (1903-2009), American actor, father of Lorin
See also
Mazel, a surname
Surnames of Jewish origin
Yiddish-language surnames |
ε-Amanitin (epsilon-Amanitin) is a cyclic peptide. It is an amatoxin, all of which are found in several members of the mushroom genus Amanita. The oral of ε-amanitin is approximately 0.1 mg/kg.
Toxicology
Like other amatoxins, ε-amanitin is an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II. Upon ingestion, it binds to the RNA polymerase II enzyme which completely prevents mRNA synthesis, effectively causing cytolysis of hepatocytes (liver cells) and kidney cells.
See also
Mushroom poisoning
References
External links
Amatoxins REVISED
Poisonous Mushrooms (German)
Cyclic peptides
Amatoxins
Hepatotoxins
Tryptamines |
The Coca-Cola sign is an electro-kinetic sculpture on the Two Times Square building in Times Square, Manhattan, New York City. The current sign, installed in 2017, is tall and wide, and is the latest in a line of Coca-Cola Times Square signs dating back to 1920.
The new sign was installed in 2017, starting with the removal of the old sign in February. Construction of the new sign started in March, and the new sign was finished and premiered on August 8, 2017. Guinness World Records has awarded the sign the title of the "first 3D robotic billboard".
History and design
Early signs (1920–2003)
The first Coke Times Square debuted in 1920 at 49th Street and Broadway with neon lighting being added in 1923. It flashed the words "Drink Coca-Cola, Delicious and Refreshing" and was the world's second-largest electric billboard at the time. This sign was replaced in 1932 with a new sign on 47th Street which highlighted a soda jerk, and was replaced again in the 1960s with a simpler sign that read, "The Pause That Refreshes." By the mid 1960s, the slogan "Things Go Better With Coke" was the latest slogan on the sign.
In late October 1969, Coca-Cola embarked on a multimillion-dollar advertising campaign which at its helm was a new logo for the company, in which the trademark was housed in a square with a "dynamic ribbon" near the bottom. A large electric sign, which alternated the new look and slogan "It's the Real Thing" in vibrant and eclectic red and white color patterns, replaced the previous one, remaining installed at Times Square for over 20 years.
The sign wouldn't be updated again until 1991, with the addition of a $3 million, neon-illuminated display, which featured a Coke bottle as the centerpiece. The Coke bottle displayed was the world's largest Coca-Cola bottle, and the sign featured both daytime and evening routines.
2004 sign
The 1991 sign was replaced in 2004 by a new Coke sign. The Coca-Cola Company and MoMA (The Museum of Modern Art) selected Brand Architecture's distinctive design from fifteen design firms from the United States.
The multi-layered billboard had a complex pattern of stainless steel planes and exposed superstructure. The sign's design was inspired by Manhattan's steel and glass monoliths and the frenetic pace of midtown street traffic. The three-dimensional composition rendered the Dynamic Ribbon Device in both positive form and negative space. The display also offered the possibility of live video streaming across the sign's curvature. Built by digital LED display manufacturer Daktronics and titled "Simply Coke," the sign was covered in programmable light-emitting diodes and allowed graphics to be displayed.
The sign attained 180-degree visibility by sculpting LED panels around the horizontal thrust. Wright Massey, owner of Brand Architecture Inc. and creator of the sign, said, "We realized that a vibrant, simple design would draw focus in the frenzied pandemonium of Times Square. Drawing from recent Coca-Cola marketing research, we found the Dynamic Ribbon Device the best vehicle for conveying key brand values. We wanted a contemporary, authentic statement, full of energy, optimism, and youthful spirit. We wanted our sculpture to inspire consumers on all three emotional levels: head, heart and gut."
During the unveiling ceremony on July 1, 2004, which was also in the middle of an advertising campaign for Coca Cola C2, the sign showed "The Time Machine", a tribute to the past of Coca Cola and New York City, soon after activation.
2017 sign
The 2017 sign measures approximately and contains 1,760 LED cubes that can move independently. The cubes are programmed to move in several preset configurations over the course of the day, producing different images. Some images are designed solely to elicit moods, while others communicate product names, seasonal promotions, and corporate logos in different languages. The images vary with the time of day and the season.
The sign was designed and built by Space150 and Radius Displays, with sign testing, management, and assembly by other businesses.
Gallery
See also
Candler Building, the former Coca-Cola headquarters on 42nd Street
References
External links
Coca-Cola buildings and structures
Times Square
Billboards
Individual signs in the United States
Kinetic sculptures in the United States |
The 604th Air Support Operations Squadron is a United States Air Force unit located at Camp Humphreys, Republic of Korea. The 604th provides tactical command and control of airpower assets through the use of joint terminal attack controllers to the Joint Forces Air Component Commander and Joint Forces Land Component Commander for combat operations within the Korean peninsula.
Mission
The 604th provides joint terminal attack controllers and Air Liaison Officers to direct close air support to Army units with which they are embedded. The squadron's controllers coordinate air strikes with direct fire missions. The squadron's Air Liaison Officers advise Army commanders on the optimum use of airpower resources to support the Army.
History
The squadron was first activated at Wheeler Air Force Base, Hawaii in September 1968 as the 604th Direct Air Support Squadron to provide Air Force personnel to man a Direct Air Support Center, an element of the Tactical Air Support System coordinating air support at the Corps level. It absorbed the mission, personnel and equipment of the 7th Direct Air Support Flight, which had been performing the mission at Wheeler since October 1964 under 326th Air Division, and which was simultaneously inactivated. The squadron was inactivated in May 1971.
Five years later, in June 1976, the squadron was activated once again in Korea, when it replaced the 603d Direct Air Support Squadron. Squadron members were stationed in detachments at Camp Red Cloud, Camp Humphreys, and Camp Casey, South Korea, where they train to support both United States and Republic of Korea Army forces. The squadron supports the United States Eighth Army. From 15 December 1994 through 13 February 1998, the terminal air controllers were organized into a separate colocated unit, the 607th Air Support Operations Center Squadron.
In 2018, in conjunction with the closure of Camp Red Cloud, the squadron was relocated to Camp Humphreys, where it is currently located.
Lineage
Constituted as 604th Direct Air Support Squadron on 26 August 1968
Activated on 15 September 1968
Inactivated on 17 May 1971
Activated on 15 June 1976
Redesignated 604th Air Support Operations Center Squadron on 15 December 1989
Redesignated 604th Air Support Operations Squadron on 13 February 1998
Assignments
5th Tactical Control Group, 15 September 1968 – 17 May 1971
51st Composite Wing, 15 June 1976
5th Tactical Air Control Group (later 5th Tactical Control Group, 5th Air Control Group), 8 January 1980
51st Wing (later 51st Fighter Wing), 1 July 1993
607th Air Support Operations Group, 15 December 1998 – present
Stations
Wheeler Air Force Base, Hawaii, 15 September 1968 – 17 May 1971
Camp Red Cloud, Republic of Korea, 15 June 1976 – 1 November 2018
Camp Humphreys, Republic of Korea, 1 November 2018 – Present
Awards and campaigns
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
United States Army Garrison Camp Humphreys: 604th Air Support Operations Squadron
Air Support Operations 0604 |
The National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC) is an organization in the United States of America of the states, the District of Columbia, and the territories that works to improve the use and sharing of geospatial data and GIS tools. The purpose of the organization is "to encourage effective and efficient government through the coordinated development of geographic information and technologies to ensure that information may be integrated at all levels of government."
Membership
NSGIC members include state GIS coordinators and senior state GIS managers, representatives of federal agencies, local and county governments, the private sector, the academic sector, and other professional organizations. Among the NSGIC membership are experts, recognized nationally and internationally, in GIS, in IT policy, and in data creation and data management.
Goals
NSGIC works to foster the creation of "intelligent maps and databases that enable public and private decision makers to make better informed and timelier decisions in a wide array of governmental areas."
Among the major focus areas of NSGIC are:
Support for The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).
Establishing well-planned, comprehensive, nation-scale "For the Nation" data initiatives such as Imagery for the Nation and Transportation for the Nation.
Creating standards and a national approach to address location data.
Bringing all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the territories up to a common standard of GIS coordination.
Meetings and communication
NSGIC members gather in person twice each year; once in early spring for a Mid-Year Meeting and once in the early fall for an Annual Conference. Mid-Year meetings are held in Annapolis, Maryland and include meetings with federal leaders on Capitol Hill. NSGIC Annual Conferences have been held since 1991 and rotate among the states.
The NSGIC Board of Directors meets monthly by conference call. Several standing committees and special workgroups meet by conference call monthly, or as needed.
The membership is kept informed via a NSGIC e-mail list, a NSGIC web site, and a NSGIC Blog.
Notes
Information technology organizations based in North America
Geographic data and information organizations |
The 2023–24 season is Kasımpaşa S.K.'s 103rd season in existence and 12th consecutive in the Süper Lig. They are also competing in the Turkish Cup.
Players
First-team squad
Out on loan
Transfers
In
Out
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overall record
Süper Lig
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
The league fixtures were unveiled on 19 July 2023.
Turkish Cup
References
External links
Kasımpaşa S.K. seasons
Kasımpaşa S.K. |
Amanasaurus (meaning "rain lizard") is a genus of silesaurid dinosauriform from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Supersequence of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The genus contains a single species, A. nesbitti, known from two partial femora.
Discovery and naming
The Amanasaurus holotype specimen, CAPPA/UFSM 0374, was discovered in the Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Candelária Sequence) of the Paraná Basin, dated to the late Carnian stage of the Late Triassic. It consists of a proximal right femur. CAPPA/UFSM 0375, a distal left femur belonging to a larger individual from the same locality, was also referred to Amanasaurus.
In 2023, Müller & Garcia described Amanasaurus nesbitti as a new genus and species of silesaurid based on these remains. The generic name, "Amanasaurus", combines the Tupi word "amana", meaning "rain", with the Greek "saurus", meaning "lizard", in reference to the Carnian pluvial episode. The specific name, "nesbitti", honors North American paleontologist Sterling J. Nesbitt.
Classification
Müller & Garcia (2023) recovered Amanasaurus as the sister taxon to Ignotosaurus and Silesaurus. Similar to a number of recent studies, these taxa, along with other "traditional" silesaurids, are treated as a paraphyletic grade of ornithischians. The results of their phylogenetic analyses are shown in the cladogram below:
References
Silesaurids
Carnian genera
Late Triassic reptiles of South America
Triassic Brazil
Fossils of Brazil
Fossil taxa described in 2023
Taxa named by Rodrigo T. Müller |
Taillefer is originally an Old French nickname (from the medieval Latin incisor ferri or sector ferri, meaning "hewer of iron"). It may refer to:
Taillefer, an eleventh-century Norman juggler and singer.
the Taillefer Rocks, small Tasmanian granite islands
the Massif du Taillefer in the Dauphiné Alps
Le Taillefer, highest peak in the Massif du Taillefer
The House of Taillefer was the first dynasty of Counts of Angoulême (839–1246)
Taillefer (Strauss), a cantata for choir, soloists and orchestra written by German composer Richard Strauss in 1903
People with the surname
Jean Taillefer (1869–1941), French fencer
Germaine Tailleferre born Marcelle Germaine Taillefesse (1892–1983), French composer
See also
William Taillefer (disambiguation), several medieval rulers had this name
Telfer (disambiguation), Scottish surname based on Taillefer
Taliaferro, a Virginian family |
Theagenes (, floruit 470s–480s) was an Athenian politician.
Biography
A native of Athens, Theagenes belonged to a wealthy and aristocratic family that claimed descent from Miltiades and Plato. He had a wife, Asclepideneia, who was the great-granddaughter of the Neoplatonic philosopher Plutarch of Athens. He also had a son called Hegias.
He was a Roman senator, a patricius and an archon. He was a supporter of the Neoplatonic school of Proclus. After Proclus' death however, Theagenes came into conflict with the school's headmasters, as he used its patronage to increase his own prestige. He was a supporter of Pamprepius when the poet went to Athens, but later they fell out (Theagenes styled himself a philosopher, while Pamprepius' ambition was to become the best philosopher) and Pamprepius was forced to leave the city.
A panegyric dedicated to Theagenes, probably written by Pamprepius, exists.
Notes
Patricii
5th-century Byzantine people
Byzantine Athenians
Late-Roman-era pagans |
Slice Inc. was founded by T.J. Scimone in 2008 and is headquartered in Miami, Florida. The company mostly manufactures small hand-held cutting tools, including box-cutters, knives, and scissors.
History
Slice began as a product-design firm specializing in housewares and "developing ultramodern interpretations of kitchen staples like vegetable peelers and cheese graters." The company was successful in a "pocket-size ceramic blade" for opening packages and other shrink-wrapped items," according to Entrepreneur magazine, so "Scimone pivoted, vowing to make common tools like box cutters . . . both sleeker and safer." The magazine added: "It's that emphasis on aesthetics that has brought Slice to the attention of merchants outside the traditional business-to-business segment. The company's products are now available at retailers that include Michaels Stores and The Container Store, along with office-supply vendors."
Products
Some of the products manufactured by Slice Inc. are:
Ceramic-Blade Box Cutter, made in two versions – one a manual, three-position and the other an auto-retract. The former was a winner of the Red Dot Design Award for tools in 2011, with its double-sided ceramic blade featuring a rounded tip.
Precision Cutter. Winner of the Good Design Award of the Chicago Athenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design in 2008, the cutter was designed by Karim Rashid, a "designer partner" within Slice. It has "a zirconium-oxide-based micro-ceramic blade that lasts longer than traditional steel blades and never rusts."
References
External links
About Slice, Inc., on the company website
Core77, International Home and Housewares Show, 2011, statement by T.J. Scimone
Sebil Kaede, "Advanced Safety of Cutter: Cut In With Designer's Eye," Nikkei Marketing Journal, January 9, 2012 (Japanese)
2008 establishments in California
Manufacturing companies based in Miami
Knife manufacturing companies
Manufacturing companies established in 2008 |
Prosopocera viridegrisea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hintz in 1911. It is known from Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
Subspecies
Prosopocera viridegrisea kenyana Breuning, 1958
Prosopocera viridegrisea viridegrisea Hintz, 1911
References
Prosopocerini
Beetles described in 1911 |
Ubrodowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Hrubieszów, within Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately north of Hrubieszów and south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Ubrodowice |
```swift
import ExpoModulesCore
internal class PictureInPictureUnsupportedException: Exception {
override var reason: String {
"Picture in picture is not supported on this device"
}
}
internal class DRMUnsupportedException: GenericException<DRMType> {
override var reason: String {
"DRMType: `\(param)` is unsupported on iOS"
}
}
internal class DRMLoadException: GenericException<String?> {
override var reason: String {
"Failed to decrypt the video stream: \(param ?? "unknown")"
}
}
internal class PlayerException: GenericException<String?> {
override var reason: String {
"Failed to initialise the player: \(param ?? "unknown")"
}
}
internal class PlayerItemLoadException: GenericException<String?> {
override var reason: String {
"Failed to load the player item: \(param ?? "unknown")"
}
}
``` |
John S. Hall (born John Charles Hall, September 2, 1960) is an American poet, author, singer and lawyer perhaps best known for his work with King Missile, an avant-garde band that he co-founded in 1986 and has since led in various incarnations.
Biography
Early life
John S. Hall was born in Brooklyn, New York and grew up in Manhattan's West Village. He recalls being "very quiet and shy" as a child and a social outcast as an adolescent. In 1978 he graduated from Stuyvesant High School.
Participation in poetry scene
In the early 1980s, Hall began participating in the Lower East Side poetry scene. He read his poems at such venues as Speakeasy and ABC No Rio. According to performance poet Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz, Hall "became an easily recognizable figure in the scene: pale, bald, dressed mostly in black and white, with wire-rimmed glasses and a porkpie hat."
Hall has long been a vocal opponent of slam poetry, taking issue with such factors as its inherently competitive nature and what he considers its lack of stylistic diversity. In a 2005 interview by Aptowicz, he recalled seeing his first slam, at the Nuyorican Poets Café:
Despite his reservations about slam poetry, Hall has performed alongside slam poets on such television programs as PBS's The United States of Poetry, MTV's Spoken Word Unplugged, and HBO's Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry.
Early bands
Hall performed in at least two musical groups before co-founding King Missile. One was Purple Sunshine, a "hippie band" Hall started because he "was really into hippies and LSD, and tuning in and dropping out, and all that stuff." The other was You Suck, which Hall says was inspired by a band led by punk musician Mykel Board:
Over the objections of the band, Board released the You Suck single with a pornographic album cover. The single was not a commercial success, and the band broke up shortly after its release.
King Missile
In 1985, Hall began presenting his work at open mic poetry readings. After three shows, he became a "featured" poet at the Backfence, a performance space in Manhattan's East Village. In 1986, feeling that "20 minutes of me reading poetry would be totally boring"," Hall asked his guitarist friend Dogbowl to augment his performances with original music. Dogbowl agreed, and with the addition of bassist Alex DeLaszlo, drummer R.B. Korbet, and xylophonist George O'Malley, King Missile (Dog Fly Religion) was born. The band released two albums on the Shimmy Disc label, 1987's Fluting on the Hump and 1988's They, and then dissolved because Dogbowl wanted to pursue a solo career.
After Dogbowl's departure, Hall asked Bongwater guitarist Dave Rick to help him put together a new band. Rick recruited multi-instrumentalist Chris Xefos, and Hall retained They drummer Steve Dansiger. Hall dubbed the new lineup King Missile, dropping the parenthetical "Dog Fly Religion" subtitle "since that was [Dogbowl's] idea." In late 1989 and early 1990, the band recorded the album Mystical Shit, and in 1990 released it on Shimmy Disc. On the strength of the single "Jesus Was Way Cool", the album hit #1 on the CMJ charts, and the band was signed by a major label, Atlantic Records. This series of events led Hall to make a habit of joking, "'Jesus' got me signed to Atlantic Records." Shortly after getting signed, Hall released an album on Shimmy Disc with permission from Atlantic: Real Men, a side project recorded with producer and Shimmy Disc founder Kramer. King Missile was featured in the 1990 documentary CutTime which chronicled the East Village music scene at the time.
King Missile recorded three albums for Atlantic: 1991's The Way to Salvation, 1992's Happy Hour, and 1994's King Missile. Happy Hour spawned a modest hit in "Detachable Penis," which reached No. 25 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. Nonetheless, after the commercial failure of King Missile, the band was dropped from Atlantic, and broke up shortly thereafter because, according to Hall, "there was no reason to stay together."
In 1996, Hall released a "solo album," The Body Has a Head, on the German label Manifatture Criminali. The album featured considerable input from multi-instrumentalists Sasha Forte, Bradford Reed, and Jane Scarpantoni. With these musicians, as well as They cellist Charles Curtis, Hall formed a new band, King Missile III (pronounced "the third"). In 1998, the new lineup released its "debut" album, Failure, on Shimmy Disc. Curtis and Scarpantoni left the band after the release of Failure, and King Missile III continued as a trio, releasing two more albums, 2003's The Psychopathology of Everyday Life and 2004's Royal Lunch.
In 2015, Hall formed a new lineup of King Missile, King Missile IV, with the band LoveyDove. They toured New Zealand, and released an EP, called This Fuckin' Guy on Powertool Records. King Missile's classic lineup also reformed for live shows in 2015, continuing through 2016 and 2017.
In 2016, Hall started two new bands: Unusual Squirrel and Sensation Play. Unusual Squirrel released their debut album, Fuck Sandwich, through Bandcamp.
Books
Hall has released two books, both on Soft Skull Press. The first, 1997's Jesus Was Way Cool, is a collection of 40 poems recorded on King Missile and Hall solo albums, plus a never-recorded poem, "Hope."
The second, 2007's Daily Negations, is a dark-humored satire of self-help books. In it, Hall presents a negative thought for each day of the calendar year (including Leap Day). He posts daily readings of these thoughts on his Facebook and Instagram pages.
Dominant themes of work
Asked in a 2003 interview to speak about the common themes of his work, Hall replied:
Other recurring subjects of Hall's work include religion and spirituality (e.g., "The Fish That Played the Ponies," "Jesus Was Way Cool," "The God"), nihilism (e.g., "No Point," "Ed," "Jim"), and masochism (e.g., "Pickaxe," "Take Me Home," "My Lover").
Writing and performance styles
Hall's writing varies in format from straightforward narrative to abstract, disjointed free verse. The writing frequently contains absurdist imagery (e.g., "A giant testicle rolled over a Waffle House, killing several clowns") and/or adynata (e.g., "P]igeons came along and ate his eyes, and seagulls ripped his stomach out, and pelicans ate his liver, and his spleen popped out all on its own and turned into a harmonica and played a pleasant little tune. Then out came his pancreas, which turned into the dog that bit him last week, and it bit him again and again and again many times").
Hall's performance style is also eclectic, his delivery ranging from a deadpan monotone to melodic tenor singing to overwrought screaming. In a 1998 interview, Hall expressed a preference for his spoken material over his sung: "Most of my work that I prefer is this type, and in most cases, the singing stuff [on albums] is filler, with the exception of songs here and there... [F]or the most part, I'm better at the spoken shit."
Stage name
In a 2003 missive to his electronic mailing list, Hall explained how he chose his stage name:
Legal career
After the collapse of the second incarnation of King Missile, Hall decided to attend law school. He graduated cum laude from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University in Manhattan, and after graduation co-founded Heraty Hall, a law firm specializing in entertainment law. Hall later left the firm to go into solo practice until 2006, when he took a position as a corporate analyst at a law firm.
Asked by Aptowicz in the aforementioned 2005 interview if he became a lawyer out of disillusionment with the contemporary poetry scene, Hall laughed and replied, "I became a lawyer to make money."
Political and personal beliefs
Hall has used his vehement dislike of President George W. Bush and his administration as subject matter for several King Missile III songs, including "The President," "Suggested Response to the Coming Crises," and "Another Political Poem." He campaigned for Democratic candidate John Kerry in the United States presidential election of 2004.
Hall considers himself both Buddhist and agnostic. On his MySpace page, he summarizes his faith as follows: "I don't believe in God, but I do believe in something. I'm just not sure what."
Hall is also a vegan.
Family
Hall is the older brother of Francis Hall, better known as Faceboy, an actor, producer, and activist working in the New York City arts community. As of 2014, Hall was married with a daughter he and his wife had in 2007.
References in popular culture
American rapper MC Lars acknowledges Hall in his song "My Rhymes Rhyme": "Shout-outs to Wesley Willis, Adam G. and John Hall / Word to MC Paul Barman; hey, return my call!" Lars also praises King Missile in his song "The Dialogue": "Nine Inch Nails, Primus, "Weird Al" and King Missile / Influenced me like a postmodern epistle."
Discography
With King Missile (Dog Fly Religion)
With King Missile
With King Missile III
With King Missile IV
With Unusual Squirrel
With Kramer
Solo
Bibliography
Jesus Was Way Cool (Soft Skull Press, 1997)
Daily Negations (Soft Skull Press, 2007)
References
External links
John S. Hall MySpace page
King Missile MySpace page
Heraty Law (Hall's former legal practice)
1960 births
Living people
Musicians from Brooklyn
People from Greenwich Village
Stuyvesant High School alumni
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law alumni
American spoken word poets
American male poets
American male singers
American humorists
American Buddhists
American agnostics
New York (state) lawyers
Performance art in New York City
King Missile members
21st-century American poets
21st-century American male writers |
Athara Hazari (), is a city and capital of 18-Hazari Tehsil situated on the Jhang-Bakhar Highway within the boundaries of the Jhang District, Punjab, Pakistan.
It is about 7 kilometers from the Trimmu Barrage. To the north of the town, the rivers Jhelum and Chenab meet and the water flows down to the Trimmu Barrage.
References
Jhang District
Populated places in Jhang District
Cities in Punjab (Pakistan) |
Ahsan Manzil is a palace located in the Kumartoli area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was formerly the residence and seat of the Nawab of Dhaka and has been designated an Old Dhaka Heritage Site. It now serves as a museum.
History
During the Mughal Empire, Sheikh Enayet Ullah, Zamindar of the Jamalpur Porgona district, had a garden house on this property and later added a palace, which he called Rongmohol. He was buried on the northeast corner of the palace yard but his gravesite was ruined at the beginning of the 20th century. His son Sheikh Moti Ullah sold the property to French traders, who erected a trading house beside the property. After changing hands a number of times over the next several centuries, the property was purchased by Khwaja Alimullah in the 1800s. Alimullah renovated the property, turning the trading house into a residence and adding a stable and family mosque. After his death, his son Khwaja Abdul Ghani named the property Ahsan Manzil after his son, Khwaja Ahsanullah. He continued renovations; the old building was renamed Ondor Mohol and the new building was called Rangmahal.
On 7 April 1888, a tornado severely damaged Ahsan Manzil and it was temporarily abandoned. With the exception of Rangmahal, which only required repairs, all buildings had to be rebuilt. Abdul Ghani and Ahsanullah continued renovations. What was previously the French trading house was rebuilt as a two-storey building similar to the Rangmahal. A wooden bridge connected the first floors of the two buildings. The palace was repaired again following the 1897 Assam earthquake. After Ahsanullah's death in 1901, the property again changed hands due in part to disagreements within the family. It was a slum for a period before the government acquired it in 1952 under the East Bengal Estate Acquisition Act. It was made the formal seat of the Nawab of Dhaka but due to financial constraints, it fell to disuse. It again passed under multiple owners for the next several decades.
The Government of Bangladesh acquired the palace and property in 1985 and began renovating it, taking care to preserve the remaining structure. Renovations were completed in 1992 and ownership was transferred to the Bangladesh National Museum. Part of the northern side of the property was given to the Dhaka City Corporation while half of the Andarmahal and the Nawab residential area were beyond acquisition. Just under was then used for the musem.
Architecture
Ahsan Manzil was built on a raised platform and the palace measured by . There are porticos on the northern and southern sides of the palace. The building itself faces the Buriganga River. On the river side is a stairway leading up to the second portal. A fountain previously sat at the foot of the stairs but was not rebuilt. Along the north and south sides of the building are verandas with open terraces.
The palace is divided into the eastern side, the Rangmahal, and the western side, the Andarmahal. The Rangmahal features the dome, a drawing room, a card room, a library, a state room, and two guest rooms. The Andarmahal has a ballroom, a storeroom, an assembly room, a chest room, a dining hall, a music room, and a few residential rooms. Both the drawing room and the music room have artificial vaulted ceilings. The dining and assembly rooms have white, green, and yellow ceramic tiles.
The dome is at the center of the palace and is complex in its design. The room at its base is square with brickwork placed around the corners to make it circular. Squinches were added to the roof corners to give the room an octagonal shape and slant gradually to give the dome the appearance of a lotus bud. The dome's peak is tall.
Political use
High-profile visitors to the area, including Lord Dufferin, often boarded at the palace. The All India Muslim League emerged from this property. This is the former official seat of the Nawab of Dhaka.
References
ArchNet on Ahsan Manzil Restoration
Muntasir Mamun, Dhaka: Smriti Bismritir Nogori, vol1, Anyna Publishers 2008, Ahsan Majil, pg39
Further reading
Taifoor, S.M. Glimpses of Old Dacca, on Dhaka, 1956
Dhaka 1961
Old Dhaka
Palaces in Bangladesh
Museums in Dhaka
History museums in Bangladesh
Buildings and structures in Dhaka
National symbols of Bangladesh
Tourist attractions in Dhaka
Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture
British colonial architecture in Bangladesh
Dhaka Nawab family |
is a term used in Japanese martial arts to describe free-style practice (sparring). The term denotes an exercise in 取り tori, applying technique to a random ( 乱 ran) succession of uke attacks.
The actual connotation of randori depends on the martial art it is used in. In judo, jujutsu, and Shodokan aikido, among others, it most often refers to one-on-one sparring where partners attempt to resist and counter each other's techniques. In other styles of aikido, in particular Aikikai, it refers to a form of practice in which a designated aikidoka defends against multiple attackers in quick succession without knowing how they will attack or in what order.
In Japan
The term is used in aikido, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu dojos outside Japan. In Japan, this form of practice is called , which literally means multiple attackers.
In judo
The term was described by Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo, in a speech at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympic Games: "Randori, meaning "free exercise", is practiced under conditions of actual contest. It includes throwing, choking, holding the opponent down, and bending or twisting of the arms. The two combatants may use whatever methods they like provided they do not hurt each other and obey the rules of judo concerning etiquette, which are essential to its proper working."
There are 2 types of randori.
In aikido
Most commonly, one or more attackers rush toward tori and try to grab both elbows. The tori's goal is to perform quick tai sabaki and avoid hurting the attackers as much as possible. Therefore, the tori does not punch, but rather tries to avoid the attacks or to throw the attackers. In some aikido styles, the attack is free, and so are the techniques applied, as long as they follow the principles of aikido.
In karate
Although in karate the word kumite is usually reserved for sparring, some schools also employ the term randori with regard to "mock-combat" in which both karateka move with speed, parrying and attacking with all four limbs (including knees and elbows). In these schools, the distinction between randori and kumite is that in randori, the action is uninterrupted when a successful technique is applied. (Also known as ju kumite or soft sparring.)
In ninjutsu
Randori is also practiced in Bujinkan ninjutsu and usually represented to the practitioner when he reaches the "Shodan" level. In ninjutsu, randori puts the practitioner in a position where he is armed or unarmed and is attacked by multiple attackers.
See also
Kata
Sparring
Randori-no-kata
References
External links
Judo Information Site
YouTube: Randori In Tenshin Aikido
Aikido
Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts terminology
Judo
Mock combat
Training |
Tsegaye Degineh Gugssa (Ge'ez: ፀጋዬ ደግነህ ጉግሣ, born April 1969) is an Ethiopian economist. He is holder of the Federal Cross of Merit, Knowledge Transfer Activist and the first Ethiopian mainly brought modern Ju-Jitsu to Ethiopia. He received his Ph.D. (2000) at the Department of Economics and Business Administration, Humboldt University Berlin and holds 6th Dan in Ju-Jitsu that initially dominated by the style of the German Ju-Jitsu Federation.
He is known as the founder and the first Patron Board President of the Ju-Jitsu Association in Ethiopia (2007) and later the first Board Patron of Judo that merged with the Ju-Jitsu in 2011. He is also Vice President of the Ju-Jitsu African Union (2010), which is a member of Ju-Jitsu International Federation and SCSA (Supreme Council of Sports in Africa) as well as AASC (African Association of Sports Confederations). In 2016 he has been elected as Vice President of the Ethics Commission by Ju-Jitsu International Federation. Degineh enabled the participation of Ethiopian Athletes in World Judo Championships 2011 and World Ju-Jitsu Championships 2010 for the first time ever in the sports' history of Ethiopia. In April 2019, Ethiopia won the first ever gold medal in its history at the African Ju-Jitsu Championship in Morocco. Since 2020, he has taken responsibility for sustainability activities.
In June 2021, he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit on Ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany by the Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier. It was awarded to him for his commitment to the people of Germany, Ethiopia and Africa, linked to the goal of development, peace, fairness, education and the transfer of values through sport as well.
In May 2014, he has received the highest golden needle of honor of the German Ju-Jutsu Federation for his outstanding engagement to spread Ju-Jitsu and sport across the world particularly in Africa, Ethiopia and in December 2019, he was honored by the Mayor of Addis Ababa for his long voluntary engagement in Judo & Ju-Jitsu and for enabling the contribution of the Ethiopian athletes to Africa and World respectively.
Degineh is also known for his professional papers, interviews and textbooks especially in Amharic language “Project Management Guide for millennium Ethiopia” and “Ju-Jitsu-Martial Art Philosophy and Basic Techniques” and in German language “Property Rights during the economic reform” (Property Rights während der Wirtschaftsreform). He is involved on knowledge transfer in Ethiopia particularly with conveying the value of the German development experiences and for raising the issue of dual citizenship.
References
Ethiopian economists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany |
Silva rerum (plural: silvae rerum, Latin for "forest of things"; also Polonized as sylwa, sometimes described as home chronicle) was a multi-generational chronicle kept by many Polish and Lithuanian noble families from the 16th through 18th centuries. Some authors of modern Polish postmodern literature try to create works similar to the silvae rerum of the past.
In historical Poland it was written by members of the szlachta (Polish nobility) as a diary or memoir for the entire family, recording family traditions, among other matters; they were not intended for a wider audience or printing (although there were a few exceptions); some were also lent to friends of the family, who were allowed to add their comments to them. It was added to by many generations, and contained various information: diary-type entries on current events, memoirs, letters, political speeches, copies of legal documents, gossips, jokes and anecdotes, financial documents, economic information (price of grain, etc.), philosophical musings, poems, genealogical trees, advice (agricultural, medical, moral) for the descendants and others. The wealth of information in silva is staggering; they contain anything that their authors wished to record for future generations. Some silvae rerum were of truly enormous proportions, with thousands of pages (Gloger cites one of 1764 pages) although most common size is from 500 to 800 pages. They were written from the 16th century (the earliest entries are from the times of the king Stefan Batory) to the mid-18th century (times of the Saxon kings in Poland).
Silvae rerum were the source of our modern knowledge of poems by such writers as Andrzej Morsztyn, and even long diaries, including the famous Chocim War by Wacław Potocki and the Diaries by Jan Chryzostom Pasek. They also contain a wealth of information about the customs of Polish nobility of the past centuries. A major collection of silvas perished during the destruction of Polish libraries by Germans in World War II.
Silva Rerum (2008-2016) is the title of a four part saga of internationally bestselling historical novels by Lithuanian writer Kristina Sabaliauskaitė about the noble Norvaiša family set in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1659-1795.
See also
Commonplace book
Family cookbooks
Family traditions
References
External links
Stanisław Burkot, review of silva rerum by Kajetan Kraszewski
Silva rerum by Kristina Sabaliauskaite
Further reading
Janusz Tazbir, Silva Rerum Historicarum, Warszawa: Iskry, 2002
works by Aleksander Brückner, a scholar of Polish literature
Documents
History of literature
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish literature
Books of quotations
Family |
Nathan Walsh (born 1972) is a contemporary realist painter living and working in Wales, United Kingdom. While he paints in his studio in Wales, he travels abroad to large cities like New York to research his compositions.
Paintings
Walsh spends days becoming familiar with the ever-changing city landscape in any major city that he visits. He sketches the basic composition of each painting on a postcard-sized piece of paper. Then, he photographs specific areas of the city that he chooses to paint. When he returns to his studio in Wales, he compiles as many as 1000 images to prepare a verist composition for a new painting. His underpaintings are very intricate and architectural. This results in colossal paintings measuring up to 9 feet in width.
Repentir App
Walsh's intricate painting process is documented in an app called Repentir. The app works with his paintings, Transamerica (2013) and 23 Skidoo (2013). With the app, the user can take a photo of any, or the entire, painting and rewind the painting in time down to the underdrawing.
References
Further reading
Meisel, Louis, Photorealism in the Digital Age (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., , 2013)
Head, Clive, Nathan Walsh: New York Cityscapes (New York: Bernarducci Gallery, 2018).
Press, Marina, Nathan Walsh: Cityscapes Paintings (New York: Bernarducci Meisel Gallery, , 2013).
External links
Official Website
1972 births
Living people
20th-century English painters
English male painters
21st-century English painters
Modern painters
Alumni of the University of Hull
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
20th-century English male artists
21st-century English male artists |
Rykacze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zambrów, within Zambrów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south of Zambrów and west of the regional capital Białystok.
References
Rykacze |
The Master of Thornfield is a 1954 play by Huntington Hartford, which is an adaptation of Charlotte Bronte's 1847 novel Jane Eyre. It was later rewritten by John F. Matthews.
The play marked Errol Flynn's return to the stage after many years.
US Production
Errol Flynn
In 1957 it was announced Errol Flynn would star in a production in the US opposite Jan Brooks directed by Peter Ashmore.
Flynn had not appeared on stage since the 1930s. He was enticed to do so by a large salary, including free accommodation at one of Huntington's houses, and the writer's promise to produce a play that Flynn had written, an adaptation of the 1839 play Richelieu by Edward George Bulwer-Lytton. Flynn was reportedly paid a flat fee of $100,000 plus $1,000 a week expenses.
The play opened in Detroit with a view of bringing it to New York. Variety reported response was "dismal".
Flynn struggled with the show, often forgetting lines. He quit the play in Cincinnati claiming that the play was "no more fit for Broadway than Jack and the Beanstalk... I can't do much with the way its written." Hartford responded that, "In my defence, I'd like to say that I have as yet to hear my play, from Mr Flynn, as it was written." Flynn was replaced by John Emery and Demetrios Vilain replaced Ashmore as director.
Hedda Hopper later wrote that she heard Flynn "just wouldn't study" only rehearsing nine hours in four weeks, and thinking Flynn instead simply wanted to accept a role in The Roots of Heaven.
Post-Flynn
Eric Portman took over the role of Rochester and the production was renamed Jane Eyre. The production debut in New York on 1 May 1958 and ran for 52 performances.
References
External links
1954 plays
Plays based on novels
Works based on Jane Eyre |
Mohammed ben Mizzian (born as Mohammed Ameziane; 1 February 1897 – 1 May 1975) was a Moroccan marshal from Beni Ansar.
During the Spanish Civil War he commanded a section of the Regulares Indígenas troops, who formed the shock troops of the Nationalist Army. Their fierceness in combat made them highly feared among Spanish Republican Army ranks. After holding many high military posts in Francoist Spain Mizzian reached the rank of Lieutenant General of the Spanish Army.
Summoned by King Mohammed V, in 1957 he moved to Morocco following the independence of the country. In 1970, he was made a Field Marshal and is the only person to have ever held that title in the Moroccan Army.
Family
Born on 1 February 1897 in Beni Ansar, son of Bel Qasem al-Zahrawi al-Mazzuji al-Qale'i, the caïd of the Mazzuja tribe, called by the Spanish Mizián "el Bueno" ("the Good One").
In Spain
Trained at the Military Academy in Toledo, Spain, which he joined in 1913, he was patronized by King Alfonso XIII following his father's death. After graduating as a junior officer (alférez) Mizzian served for a long period in the Army of Africa, of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco. He took part in 1921 in the Rif Wars against Abdelkrim. In 1923 he became a Captain and in 1925 a commander of the Spanish Colonial Army. During this time he established a deep friendship with Francisco Franco, whose life he saved on one occasion.
Spanish Civil War
At the time of the coup of July 1936 Mizzian was posted as commander of the II Tábor of Regulares 5, based at Segangan, about 20 km from Melilla. He promptly took the side of the rebel faction and in his first battle of the Spanish Civil War, he stormed the seaplane base of Atalayón in Melilla where the commanders had refused to join the rebellion. Even though the loyalist troops defending the post surrendered, the base commanders, Commander Virgilio Leret Rui and Second Lieutenants, Armando Gonzalez Corral and Luis Calvo Calavia, were executed the following morning along with all the men of the garrison, their place of burial remaining unknown.
Mizzian then moved with his Regulares to the Peninsula, where he zealously implemented General Mola's policy of instilling terror in Republican ranks. After the battle for Navalcarnero American historian John Thompson Whitaker wrote that among the Spanish Republican prisoners were two young militia women that Mizzian personally interrogated, after which he handed them over to his men. When Whitaker expressed his concern about the fate of the girls he "attended horrified in helpless anger" when Meziane stated that the two teenage women "will not live more than four hours" once at the hands of his troops.
After the Army of Africa commanded by Francisco Franco took over Toledo on 27 September 1936, Mizzian went with his troops to the military hospital and killed over 200 wounded Republican militia men in their beds, allegedly as a revenge for the Siege of the Alcazar. The proverbial cruelty and reckless behaviour of the Regulares troops were not random, but were part of a calculated plan of the Francoist military machine to allow these shock troops to spread fear among Republicans in order to demoralize them.
In Madrid Mizzian was wounded in combat during the Battle of Ciudad Universitaria. After recovery he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and participated in the Siege of Oviedo at the head of the Galician column.
Later in the Civil War, in 1938, he was promoted to Colonel and was named Commander of the First Navarra Division (1ª División de Navarra) of the Francoist army, at the head of which he took part in the Battle of the Ebro, breaking the deadlock of the battle at the Serra de Cavalls in October 1938, taking 19 fortified enemy positions, killing 1,500 republican troops and taking 1,000 prisoners. Shortly thereafter El Mizzian moved on with his troops to spearhead the Catalonia Offensive.
Following the defeat of the Spanish Republic, Franco named Mizzian Commander General of Ceuta in the North African coast. In 1953, he was promoted to Lieutenant General and was sent to Galicia, in north-western Spain, as Captain General of the VIII Military Region. In 1955, he was named Governor General of the Canary Islands in what would be his last post in the Spanish Armed Forces.
In Morocco
In 1956, Morocco became an independent nation, and King Mohammed V called on Mizzian to take charge of the reorganisation of the new Royal Moroccan Army. Mizzian formally asked for Franco to relieve him from his duties in the Spanish Army, and the request was duly granted on 22 March 1957.
In 1964, Mizzian was named Morocco's Minister of Defence, a post that he held for two years, when he returned to Spain after King Hassan II named him ambassador 'as a gesture of goodwill towards the Spanish State'. He lived quietly at the Moroccan Embassy in Madrid until 1970, when he returned to Morocco having been named Minister of State. In November that year, he was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal. He held the post of Minister of State of the Moroccan government until March 1975, when he fell gravely ill and was flown to Madrid to be treated. He died at the Air Force Hospital in Madrid in May that year, and his remains were later flown back to Morocco for burial in his home country.
Museum
In 2006 a museum was opened in Rabat dedicated to Mohamed Meziane. It is located in a house near the British Embassy that had been given to him as a present by Franco. The museum project was an initiative from his daughter Leïla Mezian. The architect who was in charge of the project is a well-known architect from Casablanca, Mohamed Lamnaouar.
See also
Regulares
White Terror (Spain)
References
1897 births
1975 deaths
Francoist Spain
Moroccan military personnel
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
Moroccan anti-communists
Spanish anti-communists
Spanish mass murderers
Moroccan murderers
People from Nador
Moroccan Muslims
Spanish Muslims
Government ministers of Morocco
Ambassadors of Morocco to Spain
Moroccan generals
Spanish generals
Francoists
Riffian people
War criminals |
Pot-Pourri is an Australian opera/musical theatre group who perform a blend of opera, music theatre, cabaret, magic, didgeridoo and comedy both within Australia and internationally. The artists have all performed with Australia's major musical and opera companies.
Members
Current
Tania de Jong – (soprano)
Rebecca Bode – (soprano)
Jonathan Bode – (tenor)
Jonathan Morton – (baritone) and
Anthony Barnhill – (pianist)
Former
Dominique Oyston – (soprano)
Craig MacDonald – (tenor)
Rosa Scaffidi – (pianist)
Adam Przewlocki – (pianist)
Antoinette Halloran – (soprano)
Rebecca Chambers – (pianist)
History
Pot-Pourri began its life at a smoky jazz nightclub Madegans, in Brunswick, Melbourne in 1987 and has since toured overseas on more than 40 occasions and released six CDs. The group began with the aim of making opera and musical theatre accessible to a wider audience.
Performances include sell-out concerts at the Melbourne Concert Hall, Sydney Town Hall, Burswood Theatre, The Plush Room San Francisco, Hong Kong Jockey Club and the Port Fairy Folk Festival. The group has toured throughout many parts of USA, Europe, New Zealand and Asia performing as guest artists with the Seoul Symphony Orchestra, touring major concert halls in Taiwan. They were the only Australian production to be invited to perform at the 2002 International Music Theatre Festival in Korea. Pot-Pourri have performed a season at The Summit Theatre in Japan and were the first Australian artists invited to play at the Macau Cultural Centre, as well as performances in Penang and Hong Kong.
The Warbles
The five classically trained performers also become The Warbles for children's charity The Song Room. The performers take on the personae of Sylvie Soprano, Miffy Mezzo, Terry Tenor, Barry Baritone and Priscilla Pianist, teaching children about opera and classical music.
Reviews
"The four very talented Pot-Pourri singers … showed both their singing prowess and confidence as performers." – The Dominion Post
"The group really is a must-see. If you're not a classical buff, this show is your way into the genre in a humorous and very entertaining way." – The Press, Christchurch
"(Pot-Pourri) have extended the public’s perceptions of opera and music theatre and have developed new audiences on a national and international scale for the performing arts in general" – Yarrawonga Chronicle
Discography
1995: Rhythm of Life
1997: Something Familiar!, Something Peculiar!
1999: This is the Moment
2001: Friends for Life
2003: Chanson d'Amour
2006: Nella Fantasia
References
External links
Pot-Pourri website
Music Theatre Australia website
Pot-Pourri page at Music Theatre Australia
Tania de Jong's website
Victoria (state) musical groups |
Hunger is the sixteenth studio album by the American folk singer/songwriter Janis Ian, released on September 30, 1997. It is the follow-up to her 1995 album Revenge. Recording was held in various studios in the spring of 1997. Production for the album was initially handled by an unnamed producer, but disagreements between Ian and the producer caused that producer to leave and Jeff Balding was brought in to finish production work.
Track listing
Personnel
Production
Janis Ian – producer
Jeff Balding – producer, mixing
Ani DiFranco – producer ("Searching for America")
Andrew Gilchrist – mixing ("Searching for America")
Simon Renshaw – management
Karen Krattigner Sternberg – management
Sonny Mediana – art direction and design
Musicians
Janis Ian – vocals, acoustic guitar
Cyro Baptista – percussion
Kevin Breit – electric and National Steel guitars, bazoukis
David Piltch – upright bass
Ani DiFranco – background vocals, bass, sampling ("Searching for America")
Andrew Gilchrist – electric guitar ("Searching for America")
Andy Stochansky – drums, percussion ("Searching for America")
Steve Brewster – drums ("Honor Them All")
Dann Huff – electric guitar ("Honor Them All")
Randy Leago – accordion ("Honor Them All")
Terry McMillian – percussion ("Honor Them All")
Glenn Worf – upright bass ("Honor Them All")
Ron Huff – ("Getting Over You")
References
1997 albums
Janis Ian albums
Windham Hill Records albums |
Julius Ceaser Osley (May 15, 1915 – January 1968) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1930s.
A native of Acmar, Alabama, Osley played for the Birmingham Black Barons in 1937 and 1938. In his nine recorded appearances, he yielded eight earned runs in 22.1 innings on the mound. Osley died in 1968 at age 52.
References
External links
and Seamheads
1915 births
1968 deaths
Date of death missing
Place of death missing
Birmingham Black Barons players
Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Alabama
People from St. Clair County, Alabama
20th-century African-American sportspeople |
Hans Lange (February 17, 1884 in Istanbul – August 13, 1960 in Albuquerque, New Mexico) was a German-American conductor and musician. He was a son of Paul Lange, who had been a lecturer for music at the American College for Girls and German High School Istanbul in the 1890s, and later was appointed the Sultan's director of music. Hans Lange himself was an alumnus of German High School Istanbul.
Lange was educated in Prague and other European cities. After assignments in several German cities, one being in Bielefeld, he entered the United States in 1925 with a German orchestra to give concerts. The orchestra was dissolved during the tour, and Lange had to restart his career.
Lange joined the New York Philharmonic Orchestra as a violinist in 1927, but began soon to conduct as well. He became assistant to Arturo Toscanini, and rehearsed almost all his performances. At that time, he also worked on his own as a conductor: besides numerous assignments as conductor of the New York Philharmonic in concerts at Carnegie Hall until 1936, he recorded a concert of Wagner excerpts with the famous soprano Kirsten Flagstad for HMV Records.
In 1936–1946 he worked as Associate Conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. As he had not taken up US citizenship during the war, his contract with CSO was not extended after 1946. On May 12, 1940, he recorded with the CSO and the Polish American piano virtuoso Jozef Hofmann Beethovens Piano Concert No. 5 ("Emperor"). The recording (35 minutes) has been published in CSO's own historic series and in Jozef Hofmann anthologies. In the same year Lange conducted the CSO during its legendary concert with U.S. piano legend Liberace at the Pabst Theater in Milwaukee.
In 1946-1949 Lange worked in Toledo, Ohio, with the local Friends of Music Orchestra (later Toledo Symphony Orchestra). On April 13, 1947, he was invited again by his former boss Toscanini to New York to perform as guest conductor at the NBC Symphony Orchestra.
In 1950, Lange started to work with the Albuquerque Civic Symphony, less than two years after his predecessor Kurt Frederick had managed to bring the world premiere of Schoenberg's "A Survivor from Warsaw" to Albuquerque in November 1948. Lange transformed the ACS from an amateur ensemble into what is today known as New Mexico Symphony Orchestra (NMSO) and one of the leading professional orchestras in the United States.
He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.
During his tenure in Chicago, Lange was one of the teachers and mentors of composer Leon Stein.
References
1884 births
1960 deaths
German male musicians
Deutsche Schule Istanbul alumni
20th-century male musicians
Expatriates in the Ottoman Empire
Emigrants from the Weimar Republic to the United States |
Zipper Spy is a project by the American multimedia artist Maria Moran which incorporates a variety of
sound and visual sources, especially zippers. She was married to Emil Beaulieau, an American noise artist.
Discography
Watch Your Damage (CD) (Vinyl Communications 1997)
Living In A Free World? (12") (Stichting Mixer 1999)
Extortionist (12") (The Homewrecker Foundation 1999)
Icki Beats (CD) (Ground Fault Recordings 1999)
Japan 2000 (CDr) (RRRecords 2000)
Untitled (2x12") (K.Ktus Tribe Record 2000)
Untitled (12") (K.Ktus Tribe Record 2001)
American experimental musical groups |
HR 858 is a star with a planetary system located 104 light years from the Sun in the southern constellation of Fornax. It has a yellow-white hue and is visible to the naked eye but is a challenge to see with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.4. The star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 10 km/s. It has an absolute magnitude of +3.82.
This object is a slightly-evolved F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F6V, which indicates it is generating energy through core hydrogen fusion. It is roughly two billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 8.3 km/s. The star has 1.1 times the mass of the Sun and 1.3 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 2.3 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,201 K.
There is a faint co-moving stellar companion, designated component B, at an angular separation of . This corresponds to a projected separation of . It is most likely a red dwarf star.
Planetary system
In May 2019, it was announced to have at least 3 exoplanets as observed by transit method of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. All three are orbiting close to the host star and appear to be super-Earths, about twice the size of the Earth. Components 'b' and 'c' may be in a 3:5 mean motion resonance.
References
External links
in-the-sky.org
F-type main-sequence stars
Planetary systems with three confirmed planets
Binary stars
Fornax
CD-31 1148
017926
013363
0858
M-type main-sequence stars
396 |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
namespace :decidim do
namespace :mailers do
desc "Sends the notification digest email with the daily report"
task notifications_digest_daily: :environment do
notifications_digest(:daily)
end
desc "Sends the notification digest email with the weekly report"
task notifications_digest_weekly: :environment do
notifications_digest(:weekly)
end
end
def notifications_digest(frequency)
target_users = Decidim::User.where(notifications_sending_frequency: frequency)
time = Time.now.utc
target_users.find_each do |user|
Decidim::EmailNotificationsDigestGeneratorJob.perform_later(user.id, frequency, time:)
end
end
end
``` |
Darwaz-e Bala, also known as Nusay, is a district in Badakhshan province, Afghanistan. It was created in 2005 from part of Darwaz District. It is home to approximately 11,000 residents.
This district borders the Shekay, Kuf Ab, and Maimay districts, along with districts in Darvoz, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Tajikistan.
The district was historically part of the Darvaz principality, a semi-independent statelet ruled by a mir.
See also
Darwaz
Darwaz District
References
External links
Badakhshan Province Map – United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Districts of Badakhshan Province |
In 1983 the Catholic Church introduced the possibility of entrusting the pastoral care, of one or more parishes to a team of priests in solidum. This provision in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, which resembles ancient models of pastoral care in the Roman titular churches with their colleges of priests, was introduced to help resolve some of the difficulties facing many dioceses. These difficulties include shortages of priests, overpopulated urban parishes, depleted and scattered rural parishes, and decline in attendance at Mass. This model of pastoral care is viewed as a practical way of promoting pastoral co-responsibility, as well as fostering a greater sense of the presbyterium among the priests of a diocese.
Establishment
Canon 517 § 1 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, provides a generic norm for constituting a team of priests to look after one or more parishes; ubi adiuncta id requirant (when circumstances require it), which concedes flexibility to the diocesan bishop in organising the structures for pastoral care within his diocese: "When circumstances require it, the pastoral care of a parish or of different parishes together can be entrusted to several priests in solidum, with the requirement, however, that in exercising pastoral care one of them must be the moderator, namely, the one who is to direct the joint action and to answer for it to the bishop." However, the Codifying Commission responsible for drafting the canons on in solidum pastoral care expressed that it should be considered an "exceptional" provision.
Nature of the team
Commentators acknowledge that there is confusion regarding the ecclesiastical office conferred upon the team of priests in solidum. The law entrusts the cura pastoralis (pastoral care) to each member of the team of priests equally. However, the team of priests is not a juridical person. The team is made up of single priests who assume pastoral care simultaneously or conjointly, and are obligated to the majority of duties proper to a parish priest.
It is generally agreed that a single parochial office for the pastoral care of the entrusted parish or parishes is conferred upon all priests in the team. However, the modus procendi (way of proceeding) for exercising the office is only grasped when the juridical principle in solidum is understood. The legal term originates in the Roman law of Obligations; where entering into an in solidum agreement involved a high degree of risk. For if one creditor had received all that was due, or one debtor had paid all, there was no subsequent right of contribution by the others.
Diverse juridical methods were developed as a means of avoiding personal loss from entering into in solidum agreements. Amongst these was the forming of societates (societies) or partnerships which were created by mutual consent and characterised by a binding commitment to fraternitas (fraternity) and established prior to entering into in solidum agreements. The eminent canonist, Eugenio Corecco has suggested that in solidum in the context of parochial care, analogously reflects the diverse but still collective responsibility of all the members of the presbyterium of a particular Church.
Rights and duties of the moderator
When establishing a team of priests in solidum, the diocesan bishop must outline the rights and specific duties of the moderator. The focal point of the moderator's authority within the team of priests is to guarantee that the faithful are assisted by their pastors from the spiritual riches of the Church, especially the word of God and the Sacraments.
The principal role of the moderator is directing the team's common action, holding responsibility for that common action before the diocesan bishop, and directing the exercise of faculties held by all of the team members. The moderator is also entrusted with the juridical representation of the parish or parishes. However, this does not automatically entitle him the administrator of parochial goods, and hence the necessity of a provision of particular law. His relationship to the parochial pastoral and finance councils should also be established in particular law.
Rights and duties of the priests
The diocesan bishop needs to determine what particular qualities are required for this parochial office. It is strongly recommended that the bishop establish with the team, a division of pastoral tasks in a common plan, which should be outlined in each priest's decree of appointment. Questions surrounding the obligation of Residence and Community life also need to be clarified, as well consideration of the in solidum obligation to celebrate the missa pro populo.
Finally, the cessation from ecclesiastical office by any one member of the group in solidum does not render the parochial office vacant.
Footnotes
Further reading
Calvo, J., Parishes, Parish Priests and Assistant Priests, Commentary on can. 517, § 1, in Code of Canon Law Annotated, Caparros, E., Theriault, M., Thorn, J., (eds.), Montréal, 1993, pp. 427–469.
Read, G., Parishes, Parish Priests and Assistant Priests, Commentary on cann. 515-552, in The Canon Law, Letter & Spirit: A Practical Guide to the Code of Canon Law, Sheehy, G. (eds.), London, 1995, pp. 285–305.
Renken, John A., Parishes, Pastors and Parochial Vicars in New Commentary of the Code of Canon Law, John P. Beal, James A. Coriden, Thomas Joseph Green, (eds.), New York - Mahwah, 2000, pp. 673-724.
Rozzo, Karl J., Parochial Care In Solidum - The New Legislation of Canon 517, § 1: Its Dynamic, Purpose and Question that Arise, Dissertatio ad Lauream in Facultate Iuris Canonici apud Pontificiam Universitatem S. Thomæ in Urbe, Romæ, 2006.
Canon law of the Catholic Church
Church parishes
Types of Roman Catholic organization |
Bow Common was an area of common land, that lay on Bow Common Lane in what is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Despite the name, the common lay just inside Mile End's parish boundary with Bromley by Bow, and not in the parish of Bow which was further to the north.
The term is also used to refer to the locale around the former common, on both sides of the parish boundary.
The Common
Bow Common was a small common which lay on either side of part of Bow Common Road.
In the Middle Ages it was known as Furseyheath, presumably due to Furze (also known as Gorse) growing there. In 1720 it was recorded as Pesthouse Common and in 1745 as Brumley (ie Bromley) Common. From the 1770s onward it was known as Bow Common. It was destroyed in the mid 1800s.
Ropery Street approximates to the northern edge of the Common with Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park laid out on adjoining land to the north.
The district
The term Bow Common has been applied to areas around the Common from soon after urbanisation; the earliest reference to Bow Common as a neighbourhood rather than as an area of common land is from 1847. The area includes the housing estates of Burdett and Lincoln Estates.
History
Bow Common was an industrial district producing and supplying London's town gas demands – the former Victorian Gas works site at Bow Common is one of a few remaining following the surrounding area's ongoing transformation. In 1883 anti-poverty campaigner Andrew Mearns commented on the lack of church attendance amongst locals, and Charles Booth described it as 'worse than almost any district in London.' Slums were cleared during the course of the 20th century, most hastened by bomb damage in the Second World War when Bow was targeted for it being an important artery to feed the demands of the city at that time.
St Paul's Church was rebuilt in the fashionable 'new brutalism' style of 1960 (replacing one damaged in the war) and is now a Grade II* listed building.
Contemporary
The Spratt's Complex was redeveloped and split into studio workshops (live/work units) and sold by JJAK (Construction) Ltd for leaseholders to fit out. The first building to be converted was Limehouse Cut, varying in size between . The building was featured in the Sunday Times in June 1986 and again in 1989.
A new site for the local Irish Travellers community was built in 2008 within the Bow Triangle Business Park, after the old site was required for Crossrail construction.
Professor Brian Cox and Baron Mawson opened the new £500,000 Lincoln Pharmacy in 2019, featuring a robot that fulfills customer prescriptions, freeing up staff for health advice. This was part of a project to modernise Bow Common.
Transport
Bow Common has no connection to the London Underground, and is connected to the Docklands Light Railway at Devons Road DLR station. Historically it had a stop on London, Tilbury and Southend Railway called Burdett Road that opened on 11 September 1871 by the Great Eastern Railway who had leased it to the London and Blackwall Extension Railway (LBER) from 1866, with the demands placed on the railway system by World War II and bomb damage in December 1940 saw the station closed for a week for emergency repairs but further damage saw the station closed on 21 April 1941.
Bow Common is served several London Buses, 108, 277, 309, 323, D6 and D7 call in the area. It is also linked to the London Night Bus network by the N277 while the 108 is a 24-hour service. The 108 uses the Blackwall Tunnel, a source of severe delays which leads to the route often being cited as amongst the least reliable in London.
References
External links
Small article about Bow Common
Districts of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Areas of London |
Paraphasis is a monotypic moth genus of the family Tortricidae described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. Its only species, Paraphasis perkinsi, described by the same author in the same year, is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai.
See also
List of Tortricidae genera
References
External links
Tortricidae.com
Archipini
Endemic moths of Hawaii
Monotypic moth genera
Moths described in 1907
Taxa named by Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham
Tortricidae genera |
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