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Jung Jung-hwa () was a Korean independence activist of the Japanese occupation period. She worked as a fundraiser for more than a decade, taking the role of raising funds for the provisional government's independence movement. In addition, during her 27 years in exile in China, she took care of temporary government agents such as Lee Dong-nyeong and Kim Gu and supported the provisional government to continue its independence movement.
She left her memoir, "The Green Bean Flower," and the revised edition of "Janggang Diary." Based on this memoir, the play "Janggang Diary," "Cheerma" and "Ah! Jeong Jeong-hwa's life-long play was performed.
She was awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation in 1982.
References
20th-century memoirists
1900 births
1991 deaths
Women Korean independence activists
Members of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea |
The 2018–2022 Israeli political crisis was a period of political instability in Israel, in which five Knesset snap elections were held in a span of less than four years: in April 2019, September 2019, March 2020, March 2021 and November 2022.
In the early phase of the crisis, the popular phrasing of the core division within the parties and the public was "only Bibi" (nickname for Benjamin Netanyahu) or "only not Bibi". This stalemate was created due to the refusal of the liberal wing of the parliament to form a coalition with Netanyahu, while the Likud party – the prominent party of the conservative wing – refused to remove Netanyahu from the party's leadership. The rest of the conservative-wing parties refused to form a coalition without Netanyahu and the Likud. None of the wings were able to form a coalition by themselves, due to the tie-breaking parliament seats held by the Arab parties. Some parliament members from Jewish parties (both wings) and Arab parties had considered the possibility of governmental cooperation to be out of the question.
The first two elections of the crisis in April and September 2019 failed to produce a governing coalition, and the third election in March 2020 led to a unity government led by Netanyahu and Benny Gantz, before it was dissolved in December of that year, triggering a fourth election in March 2021. The 2021 election resulted in the thirty-sixth government of Israel, a diverse coalition of parties with various ideologies that was led by Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid, but it was dissolved in June 2022. A fifth election in November of that year saw the victory of the right-wing bloc, returning Netanyahu to lead the thirty-seventh government of Israel.
Background
During the 20th Knesset, elected after the 2015 Israeli legislative election, Benjamin Netanyahu secured his fourth term in office as the head of the thirty-fourth government of Israel. On 26 May 2016, Yisrael Beiteinu joined the government, with 5 MKs, and Avigdor Lieberman was appointed Defense Minister in place of Moshe Ya'alon.
On 14 November 2018, Lieberman resigned from his position and from the coalition in protest at the government's approval of a ceasefire with Hamas after two days of clashes, thereby undermining the stability of the government. On 26 December, the law to dissolve the Knesset was approved, and the election campaign for the twenty-first Knesset began.
April 2019 election
The crisis began after the elections of April 2019 left no party able to form a government. The two major parties, Blue and White and Likud, received an equal number of 35 seats. The Likud received a mandate from the president to attempt to form a government, but Netanyahu failed to arrange a majority coalition of 61 seats. Netanyahu's Likud and their supporting parties voted to dissolve the Knesset instead of letting the president give the mandate to another Knesset member.
September 2019 election
A second election was held in September 2019. This time, Blue and White overcame the Likud by a single seat. Nonetheless, the Likud received the mandate from the president, after gaining the support of one Knesset member more than Blue and White. Netanyahu, again, failed to form a government. This time, the mandate passed to Benny Gantz, who also failed to achieve a majority. The President passed the mandate to the Knesset members for 21 days. After no other candidate was offered, the Knesset was dissolved.
March 2020 election
In March 2020, the third election was held. This time, Likud gained more seats than Blue and White, but Gantz achieved more recommendations from potential allies in the Knesset and received the mandate from the president. Gantz nevertheless was unable to unite enough allies into a coalition. His bloc was still agreed to replace the Speaker of the Knesset. Following this, the former Knesset Speaker Yuli Edelstein refused to convene the plenary to vote on his replacement. His refusal created a constitutional crisis. The Movement for Quality Government in Israel appealed to the Supreme Court, which ordered Edelstein to convene the Knesset. Following this Edelstein resigned. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel worsened, which precipitated negotiations for a national emergency government. On March 26, Gantz was sworn in as the new Knesset Speaker, with the support of the Likud party, causing a split in Blue and White. On 20 April, the Likud and Blue and White agreed on an equal unity government, which included a "rotation agreement" between Gantz and Netanyahu on the prime minister's chair. However, following a failed budgetary vote in December 2020, the government coalition collapsed, and a fourth election was called for 23 March 2021.
March 2021 election
Israeli President Reuven Rivlin met with the heads of all political parties on 5 April 2021, and charged Netanyahu with forming the government the next day. Netanyahu had been given until the end of 4 May to form a government. Netanyahu failed to form a new government by the deadline. The next day, Rivlin entrusted Yair Lapid with the second mandate. On 9 May, it was reported that Lapid and Naftali Bennett had made major headway in the coalition talks. On 10 May, it was reported that plans were made to form a new government consisting of the current opposition, but that the Islamist Ra'am Party, which froze talks with both Lapid and Bennett in the wake of recent warfare in Gaza, still needed to pledge support for the Change bloc in order for the opposition MKs to secure a majority. In late May, Lapid secured the support from Blue and White, Labor Party, Yisrael Beiteinu, New Hope, and Meretz, with Yamina and Ra'am possibly giving support. On 30 May, Bennett announced in a televised address that Yamina would join a unity government with Lapid, after all but one Yamina MK agreed to back this decision.
On 2 June 2021, following negotiations with Lapid and Bennett, Ra'am leader Mansour Abbas signed a document tethering his party to the coalition, and agreed to allow his party to join a non-Netanyahu government. Just an hour before his 2 June mandate was set to expire, Lapid informed outgoing president Reuven Rivlin that he could form a new government. On 11 June, Bennett's Yamina party became the last opposition faction to sign a coalition agreement with Lapid's Yesh Atid party, thus allowing the thirty-sixth government of Israel to be sworn in on 13 June, with Bennett becoming the Prime Minister and Lapid becoming the Alternate Prime Minister. The 2021–2022 state budget was passed on 5 November under this government.
On 6 April 2022, less than a year after the government was sworn in, MK Idit Silman of the Yamina party announced her withdrawal from the coalition, becoming the second of Yamina's seven elected MKs to join the opposition after Amichai Chikli, who had earlier voted against the government in its swearing. Silman's move cost the coalition its majority. MK Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi of the Meretz party initially resigned on 19 May, but reversed course and rejoined the coalition on 22 May. On 13 June, Nir Orbach left the coalition. On 20 June 2022, Bennett and Lapid announced that they would begin the process of dissolving the Knesset, citing the various crises the coalition had faced since its formation. The move thus led to a fifth election on 1 November. Lapid served as interim Prime Minister in the run-up to the election.
November 2022 election
The fifth election in November 2022 saw the national camp win a majority of seats in the Knesset, likely returning Netanyahu to the post of Prime Minister and thus ending the deadlock. Increases in the number of MKs for Likud and the Religious Zionist Party was attributed to a lack of support for liberal wing and Arab parties, most notably the failure of Meretz to cross the electoral threshold to qualify for parliamentary representation. Following a two-month negotiation period, on 21 December, Netanyahu announced that he had succeeded in forming the new coalition. The thirty-seventh government of Israel was sworn in on 29 December.
Some of the government's policy proposals, including a flagship program centered around reforms in the judicial branch, have drawn widespread domestic and international criticism, sparking waves of protests across the country.
See also
2020s in political history
References
2018 in Israeli politics
2019 in Israeli politics
2020 in Israeli politics
2021 in Israeli politics
2022 in Israeli politics
Israeli political crisis
Israeli political crisis
Benjamin Netanyahu
Naftali Bennett
Yair Lapid |
USS Miami was a light cruiser of the United States Navy, which were built during World War II. The class was designed as a development of the earlier s, the size of which had been limited by the First London Naval Treaty. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the Clevelands used the same hull as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The Clevelands carried a main battery of twelve guns in four three-gun turrets, along with a secondary armament of twelve dual-purpose guns. They had a top speed of .
Miami was commissioned in December 1943, and saw service in several campaigns in the Pacific. Like almost all her sister ships, she was decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, and never saw active service again. Miami was scrapped in the early 1960s.
Design
The Cleveland-class light cruisers traced their origin to design work done in the late 1930s; at the time, light cruiser displacement was limited to by the Second London Naval Treaty. Following the start of World War II in September 1939, Britain announced it would suspend the treaty for the duration of the conflict, a decision the US Navy quickly followed. Though still neutral, the United States recognized that war was likely and the urgent need for additional ships ruled out an entirely new design, so the Clevelands were a close development of the earlier s, the chief difference being the substitution of a two-gun dual-purpose gun mount for one of the main battery gun turrets.
Miami was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of . Her standard displacement amounted to and increased to at full load. The ship was powered by four General Electric steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Rated at , the turbines were intended to give a top speed of . Her crew numbered 1285 officers and enlisted men.
The ship was armed with a main battery of twelve 6 in /47 caliber Mark 16 guns in four 3-gun turrets on the centerline. Two were placed forward in a superfiring pair; the other two turrets were placed aft of the superstructure in another superfiring pair. The secondary battery consisted of twelve /38 caliber dual-purpose guns mounted in twin turrets. Two of these were placed on the centerline, one directly behind the forward main turrets and the other just forward of the aft turrets. Two more were placed abreast of the conning tower and the other pair on either side of the aft superstructure. Anti-aircraft defense consisted of twenty-eight Bofors guns in four quadruple and six double mounts and ten Oerlikon guns in single mounts.
The ship's belt armor ranged in thickness from , with the thicker section amidships where it protected the ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces. Her deck armor was thick. The main battery turrets were protected with faces and sides and tops, and they were supported by barbettes 6 inches thick. Miamis conning tower had 5-inch sides.
Service history
Construction and initial training
The keel for Miami was laid down at William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia on 2 August 1941. She was launched on 12 August 1942, and after completing fitting-out work, was commissioned into the fleet on 28 December 1943, with the hull number CL-89. The ship began sea trials on the Delaware River on 1 January 1944, and from 21 January to 3 February, she remained at Philadelphia for modifications and to take on a load of ammunition. She got underway on 4 February to resume training operations in Delaware Bay that lasted until 7 February, when she joined the destroyer to sail for Chesapeake Bay for further training. On 12 February, Miami moved to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia, before departing two days later in company with the heavy cruiser and the destroyers and . The four ships steamed south to Trinidad in the British West Indies for a shakedown cruise. While en route, one of Miamis crew fell overboard and couldn't be found.
Over the next two weeks, Miami took part in drills with the other ships in the Gulf of Paria until 3 March, when she and Quincy left to return to Norfolk, this time escorted by the destroyers and . They arrived four days later, where Miami was inspected by Rear Admiral Donald B. Beary. On 11 March, the ship sailed for the Naval Research Laboratory Annex in Chesapeake Bay for tests the following day. She then returned to Delaware Bay on the 13th, and then to Philadelphia on 14 March for repairs that lasted through the end of the month. On 2 April, the ship was moved to Boston, Massachusetts, departing there on 7 April for Casco Bay, Maine, where she conducted shooting practice with her sister ship , the destroyer , and the destroyer escort . After a week of practice, Miami and Edwards then sailed back to Boston on 14 April.
The Navy thereafter ordered Miami to sail for the Pacific, and she departed on 16 April. For the voyage south, she was assigned to Task Group (TG) 27.7, which also included her sisters Houston and and the destroyers Edwards, , , and . They passed through the Panama Canal on 22 April, and the next day, the unit was re-designated TG 12.3 and Broome and Simpson were detached. The rest of the ships proceeded on to San Diego, California, arriving there on 30 April. From there, the task group sailed for Pearl Harbor the next day, arriving there on 6 May. While there, Miami joined the heavy cruiser for training exercises on 8 May. She thereafter underwent maintenance from 13 to 24 May.
Operations in the Pacific Theater
Mariana and Palau Islands campaign
Miami was next transferred to TG 12.1, which also included the fast battleships and , the cruisers Vincennes and Houston, the minelayer , and the destroyers , , , , and . The unit departed on 24 May, bound for Majuro Atoll in the Marshall Islands, and arrived there six days later. They then joined the Fast Carrier Task Force, then under the command of 5th Fleet and designated Task Force (TF) 58. Miami was assigned to the subordinate unit TG 58.4, which also included the aircraft carriers , , and . The American fleet embarked on the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, beginning with air strikes against Japanese positions on Saipan on 11 June and continuing over the following week. Miami contributed to the fleet's anti-aircraft defenses when the Japanese launched an aerial counterattack on 19 June, though she was not heavily engaged. Later that day, the ship's secondary guns opened fire on what was believed to be a Japanese submarine but was in fact merely an abandoned sampan.
Miami continued to escort the carriers as they launched air strikes in support of the invasion of Saipan until 27 June, when she was detached as part of Task Unit 58.4.5 and sent bombard Guam before American forces landed on that island as well. The unit included Houston and five destroyers. In addition to Japanese positions on the island, Miami shelled a cargo ship that was moored in Apra Harbor. A Japanese coastal artillery battery on the Orote Peninsula engaged Miami during the bombardment, and the latter eventually silenced the Japanese guns. Miami and the other vessels thereafter returned to their positions screening the carriers. On 6 July, Miami was sent to Eniwetok to replenish stores and ammunition before returning to the fleet on 14 June. By that time, she had been transferred to TG 58.3, which was centered on the carriers , , and . The ships anchored at Saipan on 31 July, by which time had been secured by American forces. The next morning, the ships sortied to carry out a raid on Japanese installations on Iwo Jima. Miami was again detached for replenishment and maintenance at Eniwetok on 11 August. She joined TU 58.2.1 on 25 August, along with her sister and four destroyers.
On 26 August, Miami left the fleet to pick up the crew from a OS2U Kingfisher from the battleship , but she was recalled before she arrived. By this time, the Fast Carrier Task Force had passed to the command of the Third Fleet, and all of the units were renumbered. Miami was transferred to TG 38.2, which included the carriers Bunker Hill, , and , the light carriers and , and the fast battleships and . She escorted the carriers that struck Japanese positions on Peleliu and Anguar in the Palau Islands on 7 September to prepare for the invasion of Peleliu. The fleet thereafter shifted its attention to Japanese airfields in the Philippines from 12 to 15 September; during this period, on the 14th, Miami picked up the pilot of an F6F Hellcat that had been shot down. The ship steamed to Saipan on 28 September to replenish ammunition and stores.
Philippines campaign
As the fleet began preparations for the next major campaign, Miami joined TF 34, along with the battleships Washington, New Jersey, Iowa, and and the carrier for training exercises that ended the next day. Later on the 30th, Miami sailed to the fleet's advance base at Ulithi Atoll in the Caroline Islands, where she joined TG 38.2. On 6 October, Miami and the rest of the Fast Carrier Task Force sortied to conduct air strikes against Japanese installations on Okinawa and Formosa, which began on 10 October. Two days later, during strikes on Formosa, Japanese aircraft attacked the fleet, and late that day, Miamis anti-aircraft gunners shot down one aircraft and assisted in the destruction of another. In the early hours of 13 October, she shot down another Japanese aircraft. With the invasion of Leyte approaching, the fleet turned its attention to Japanese forces in the Philippines on 18 October, striking targets in Aparri and Laoag. Two days later, American forces went ashore on Leyte, leading to heavy Japanese counterattacks.
Japanese efforts to disrupt the landing culminated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, an effort by three squadrons to attack the invasion fleet. After the American carrier task force was drawn north by a feint from the Northern Force, the main Japanese unit, the Center Force, attempted to penetrate the San Bernardino Strait. Miami remained with the carriers until the Center Force encountered a group of American escort carriers, destroyers, and destroyer escorts on the morning of 25 October. Frantic calls for support from the Fast Carrier Task Force led its commander, Admiral William Halsey Jr. to detach a group of ships, including Miami, south to stop the Center Force. By the time they arrived, the Japanese had broken off their attack, convinced they had stumbled into TF 38 itself. Miami and several cruisers and destroyers nevertheless caught and sank the destroyer on 26 October.
The following day, Miami and the rest of TG 38.2 briefly withdrew eastward before resuming operations against Japanese forces in the Philippines. These consisted of a series of strikes on airfields on Luzon from 5 to 6 November, after which Miami was detached to return to Ulithi, where she remained from 9 to 13 November. She sortied the next day to rejoin her unit, which carried out further attacks on Luzon from 18 to 25 November. Through this period, Japanese aircraft repeatedly attacked the fleet, and during one attack on the 25th, Miami shot down a dive bomber. Another brief return to Ulithi to replenish fuel and ammunition followed the next day, and she thereafter took part in training exercises there for a week. The ship next joined TG 30.4, which sortied on 9 December to wage additional attacks on Luzon from 14 to 16 December. She was present when the fleet was struck by Typhoon Cobra on 18 December, which sank three destroyers and inflicted serious damage to several ships, including Miami. The ship had serious hull damage between frames 21 and 33. One of her Kingfishers was thrown overboard and the other was so badly damaged that the crew discarded it. She remained in the area to assist in the search for survivors before returning to Ulithi on 24 December.
After repairs were completed, Miami joined TG 38.3, which sortied on 1 January 1945 to carry out the South China Sea raid. The raid was an effort to isolate Japanese forces in the Philippines by neutralizing airfields in occupied China, Formosa, and Southeast Asia. The fleet's carriers initially struck targets on and around Formosa, turned to attack Luzon once more from 6 to 8 January, before entering the South China Sea in the early hours of 10 January. The carriers then launched strikes on Japanese-occupied French Indochina before turning back north to attack Formosa again on 15 and 16 January. On the latter day, Miami shot down an A6M5 Zero fighter. The fleet thereafter passed through the Balintang Channel and then the Luzon Strait, continuing north to launch an attack on Okinawa on 20 and 21 January. The fleet thereafter returned to Ulithi to make preparations for the next major offensive, arriving there on 27 January.
Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign
On 10 February, Miami and the rest of the fleet sortied to begin its next major operation, beginning with supporting attacks for the invasion of Iwo Jima. By this time, the fleet had passed back to 5th Fleet command, and Miami had been transferred to TG 58.1. The fleet began air strikes on Tokyo on the night of 15 February, which continued over the following two days. On 18 February, the fleet sailed south to attack Japanese positions on Chichijima, followed by strikes on Okinawa from 20 to 22 February, by which time American forces had begun the invasion of Iwo Jima. Later that month, Miami was detached to form Task Unit 58.1.22 along with her sister ships and , the cruiser , and fifteen destroyers. The unit carried out a rail on the island of Okidaitōjima on 2 March. Three days later, she returned to Ulithi to replenish fuel and munitions. She got underway again on 14 March and rejoined the Fast Carrier Task Force, which raided Japanese installations on Okinawa and the main island of Kyushu between 18 and 31 March. During this period, Miami helped to defend the fleet against heavy Japanese air attacks. Still part of TG 58.1, she escorted the carriers , , and as they directly supported American forces during the battle of Okinawa beginning on 1 April. These operations continued through 11 April.
The next day, Miami took part in searches for American pilots who had been shot down during the fighting around Okinawa; that afternoon, Kingfishers from Miami recovered one man from the water and a further two from Amami Ōshima. On 14 April, Miamis anti-aircraft gunners claimed several Japanese planes shot down during a particularly heavy attack. TF 58 began attacks on Amami Ōshima, Tokuno Shima, and Kikaijima from 20 to 30 April. Miami returned to Ulithi later that day, remaining there for repairs and replenishment for more than a week. On 10 May, Miami departed for Pearl Harbor, sailing independently and arriving seven days later. There, she embarked passengers bound for the West Coast of the United States, and carried them to San Pedro, California. She reached the port on 24 May, unloaded ammunition, and then entered the dry dock the following day for an overhaul. The work lasted more than a month, and the ship re-entered the water on 7 July. She conducted limited trials on 14 July and was thoroughly inspected between 1 and 11 August. She departed for Pearl Harbor on 20 August, arriving four days later; by that time, Japan had announced it would surrender, ending the war. Miami left for Guam on 30 August, and while en route on 2 September, the formal surrender took place aboard the battleship . For her service during the conflict, Miami was awarded six battle stars.
Post-war operations
Miami departed for Okinawa on 9 September, accompanied by the destroyer escort . After arriving there on 12 September, she was used to accept the surrender of Japanese garrisons in the Ryukyu islands. Four days later, she went to sea along with TF 55 to avoid a major typhoon; she returned to Buckner Bay in Okinawa on 17 September. On 22 September, she covered the arrival of Tenth Army to begin occupation duties in the Ryukus. Another typhoon forced Miami back to sea on 3 October. Four days later, she dropped anchor in Naze, Kagoshima on the island of Amami Ōshima. After patrolling the area for several days, she returned to Buckner Bay on 15 October. She remained there until 29 October, when she got underway to visit Yokosuka, Japan, though she remained there for only a short time before sailing south to the Caroline Islands, ultimately arriving in Truk on 11 November. Her crew conducted a survey of the damage inflicted during Operation Hailstone, a major carrier raid on the atoll during the war. Miami was ordered home on 25 November, and she arrived in Long Beach, California, on 10 December.
For the next year and a half, Miami operated off the coast of California, conducting training cruises for naval reservists. She was decommissioned on 30 June 1947 and thereafter assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet. She remained in the Navy's inventory until 1 September 1961, when she was stricken from the naval register. The ship was then sold for scrap to the shipbreaking firm Nicholai Joffe Corp. on 26 July 1962.
Footnotes
Notes
Citations
References
External links
Cleveland-class cruisers
World War II cruisers of the United States
Ships built by William Cramp & Sons
1942 ships |
Conesville is a city in Muscatine County, Iowa, United States. The population was 352 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Conesville was once a depot on the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway. It was named for Beebe Stewart Cone, a prosperous landowner. Beebe S. Cone had previously established himself as a co-owner of a distillery in Conesville, Ohio. The distillery burned down in 1857, but was not rebuilt by him. By 1870, Cone had established himself as a notable farmer in Orono Township in Muscatine County, Iowa.
Geography
Conesville is located at (41.379323, -91.350211).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 432 people, 132 households, and 105 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 153 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 57.6% White, 0.7% African American, 1.6% Asian, 38.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 63.0% of the population.
There were 132 households, of which 52.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 13.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 20.5% were non-families. 15.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.27 and the average family size was 3.66.
The median age in the city was 29 years. 35.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.6% were from 25 to 44; 16.7% were from 45 to 64; and 7.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.3% male and 47.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 424 people, 133 households, and 100 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 144 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 78.77% White, 0.24% Asian, 20.28% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.96% of the population.
There were 133 households, out of which 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.19 and the average family size was 3.62.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 36.3% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 14.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,464, and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had a median income of $28,000 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,097. About 11.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.3% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.
References
Cities in Iowa
Cities in Muscatine County, Iowa
Muscatine, Iowa micropolitan area |
Tang Ying Chi (born 1956 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong based artist, curator, art administrator, art educator and editor. Tang is interested in a wide span of local issues including culture, identity and communication in the context of Hong Kong. She always seeks to explore these topics through her art works, from the identity issue of Hong Kong people during the pre- and post-handover period in 1990s to her recent research on the behaviour of people on the streets in Hong Kong.
Education
Graduated with a BA (Hons) in Fine Art at the Goldsmiths College, University of London, England, in 1989, Tang was awarded Master of Fine Art and Doctor of Fine Art degrees at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University in Australia in 2003 and 2008 respectively.
Work
Tang has become active in Hong Kong art scene since 1990s and has been pursuing her career as an artist and art advocate in Hong Kong. In 2012, she was invited by the Hong Kong Design Institute as the Creator-in-Residency and the Faculty of Art of Chiangmai University in Thailand to participate in an Artist Residency programme. In 2010, she was the Artist-in-Residence at the Department of Visual Studies of Lingnan University. In 2008, she was honoured as one of the People of the Times by the British Council in Hong Kong as part of its 60th anniversary celebration. In 1996, Tang received the “Visual Art Award” in the Hong Kong Art Biennial.
Collection
Tang’s works has been collected by public institutions including the Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong Heritage Museum, Central Library of Sydney, as well as private collectors and art lovers.
Recent exhibitions and art projects
2014
We are street people - an interactive project, i-dArt Gallery, Hong Kong
Take Them Home Art Project, JCCAC Handicraft Market, Hong Kong
Art PopUP! @ PMQ, PMQ, Hong Kong
Coming Home–Art Container Project Documentation and Art Exhibition, Koo Ming Kown Exhibition Gallery, HKBU Communication and Visual Arts Building, Hong Kong
2013
These Streets Here Are So Nice - New work of Tang Ying Chi, Voxfire Gallery, Hong Kong
Let's take a photo, Street people, various locations, Hong Kong
2010
Walk-in Tuen Mun, A Residency Project at Lingnan University, Hong Kong
2008
Art Container Project, West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong
Organisation
Tang is the founder of Art Readers which is an organisation that connects art practitioners, curates art exhibitions, encourages art writing and brings its members' research outcomes in print.
References
External links
Tang Ying Chi's website
Tang Ying Chi's blog
Art Readers
Living people
Hong Kong photographers
Hong Kong women photographers
Chinese photographers
Chinese women photographers
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Alumni of the University of London
RMIT University alumni
1956 births |
Charles Henry Stapley (23 July 1925 – 8 January 2011) was an English actor, best known for playing Ted Hope in the television soap opera Crossroads. He also appeared in various theatrical roles, in The Benny Hill Show, and in a television version of The Adventures of Robin Hood in which he took 26 different roles.
Early life
Charles Stapley was born in Ilford, Essex, the son of a business executive father who worked for the Blue Circle cement company in London. He was educated at Ilford County High School and Brighton and Hove Grammar School after the family moved to Portslade, East Sussex.
Career
Stapley served in the Royal Air Force at the end of the Second World War. He then worked in the film distribution division of the Rank Organisation.
He subsequently acted in the theatre before moving into television, including playing 26 different roles in Associated Television's series The Adventures of Robin Hood in 1955–56. He appeared in The Benny Hill Show, but was best known for playing Ted Hope in the television soap opera Crossroads.
Personal life
Stapley's first wife was Nan Winton, BBC television's first female newsreader. They were divorced in 1962. He had two further marriages, both of which ended in divorce. He had a son and a daughter from each of his first two marriages.
In November 1978, whilst married to his third wife, he met Beatrice Mills and they soon started an affair. She eventually left her husband Mark Mills, and moved to London to be with Stapley. Six years later, her three children joined them after Mark Mills was jailed for fraud, and Stapley became their stepfather. The eldest, then 15, was Heather Mills, who would later call him "evil" and a "snooty actor". Stapley commented that "Heather is simply a very confused woman for whom reality and fantasy have become blurred". They "repeatedly clashed in print".
References
1925 births
2011 deaths
English male soap opera actors
20th-century English male actors
English male stage actors
Actors from Ilford
People educated at Ilford County High School
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II |
Domingo de Ulloa, O.P. (died 1601) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Michoacán (1598–1601),
Bishop of Popayán (1591–1598),
and Bishop of Nicaragua (1585–1591).
Biography
Domingo de Ulloa was born in Toro, Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers.
On 4 February 1585, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Nicaragua and ordained bishop in 1586 in Spain. On 9 December 1591, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Popayán On 3 April 1598, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Michoacán where he served until his death in 1601.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Antonio Calderón de León, Bishop of Puerto Rico (1597), and Juan de Labrada, Bishop of Cartagena (1597).
References
External links and additional sources
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Nicaragua
16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Mexico
Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIII
Bishops appointed by Pope Innocent IX
Bishops appointed by Pope Clement VIII
1601 deaths
Dominican bishops
16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in New Granada
Roman Catholic bishops of León in Nicaragua
Roman Catholic bishops of Popayán |
Lukáš Lacko was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Cem İlkel.
Marsel İlhan won the title after defeating İlkel 6–2, 6–4 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
Turk Telecom Izmir Cup - Singles
2016 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup |
Ring of Fear may refer to:
Ring of Fear (film), a 1954 murder mystery starring Mickey Spillane and Clyde Beatty
"Ring of Fear" (A Dangerous Assignment), an episode of TV show Police Squad!
Ring of Fear, a 1971 Anne McCaffrey romance novel |
El Watania 2, also known as Télévision Tunisienne 2, is the second Tunisian public national television channel. It is owned and operated by Télévision Tunisienne (formerly ERTT). Formerly known as Canal 21 (1994–2007), then as Tunisie 21 (2007–2011), and as El Watania 2 since 2011. The television channel started broadcasting on November 7, 1994.
History
The French, who wanted to set up the relay for the second ORTF channel in Tunisia in 1966, came up against the refusal of Tunisian officials. In 1969, ORTF officials agreed to finance the creation of a second French-speaking Tunisian channel, to fit out a studio at the RTT headquarters equipped with light technical means of transmission and to install four transmitters and repeaters around the capital, and in the north of the country. The project stumbled and the agreement was not signed until 1982.
The decree of December 25, 1982 provides for the creation within the direction of television of a sub-direction of the international chain which must “ensure the design, the programming, the production and the diffusion of the programs in French language”.
Officially launched on 12 June 1983 at 8:30pm with the national anthem, RTT 2 broadcast its programs daily between 8:30pm and 11pm (7pm to midnight on Saturdays and Sundays) from studio 12 of the RTT house. However, aside from its television news, the channel didn't have its own budget or means of production.
10% of Tunisian television's total budget allocated to it was primarily used to pay its staff. Added to this was unattractive programming. For lack of live and spontaneity, the managers of the second channel are forced to select programs from French public channels and TV5. A study carried out in 1988 credits RTT 2 with a weekly audience of 20%.
The channel disappeared in 1989 when its signal was transferred to the relays of the second French television channel, Antenne 2 (which became France 2 in 1992) until the end of October 1999, when Canal 21 (which since 1994 broadcasts daily on the same channel for more than two hours) obtains exclusive use of the network.
One year after the creation of the Arab Maghreb Union in 1989 and a few months after the disappearance of RTT 2 whose technical means were no longer used, it was decided to launch the Arab Maghreb Channel to mark the pro-Maghreb orientation from the Tunisian government.
Since the second UHF channel is now used for the broadcast of Antenne 2, the choice falls on the VHF channel used since August 1960 for the broadcast of Rai Uno programs in Tunisia. Thus, Italian broadcasts must be interrupted on this VHF channel for almost three hours a day. They are not cut on the UHF channels covering the entire Tunisian territory.
Around 1993, faced with the stagnation of the Maghreb process and the low audience that the channel aroused (notably because its broadcasting territory was restricted to Tunis), the channel was renamed Tunis 2 and a more “Tunisian” orientation was adopted. However, the lineup still consisted mostly of reruns.
The channel disappeared on November 6, 1994, when Canal 21 was created; studio 12 used by Tunis 2 must be used for the production of programs for the new channel. The Tunis 2 and Rai Uno VHF channel is definitively abandoned on this date.
Aimed at the youth, the number 21 evoking the Youth Day held on March 21, it only broadcasts its programs between 5:40pm and 8:15pm instead of those of France 2 (in particular during the 8pm newscast deemed critical of the Tunisian government). Following President Ben Ali's triumphant re-election in 1999 (with over 99% of the vote), the French media, including France 2, strongly criticized the Tunisian government and punished the regime's lack of democracy.
In response, the latter summoned the ERTT to put an end to the broadcasting of the French channel, which was done at the end of October 1999. From that date, the second terrestrial network was entirely occupied by Canal 21 which broadcast from 4pm (later 2pm) to midnight. However, the channel is struggling to find its audience with an audience share not exceeding 5% because it faces strong competition from private national channels and other Arab channels broadcast by satellite. In addition, its distribution is exclusively hertzian.
On July 25, 2007, Ben Ali announced in a speech the “conversion of the second national television channel Canal 21 into a satellite channel in a new form and with modern programming”.
The channel was effectively renamed Tunisie 21 on November 7 and began broadcasting on the satellite the same day. The broadcast takes place between noon and midnight while a new schedule and a new look for the channel are put in place. This satellite broadcast allows the channel to expand its audience.
In March 2010, Tunisie 21 moved into the new premises of Tunisian Television. After the fall of President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali on January 14, 2011, on the occasion of the Tunisian revolution, the channel changed its name again on January 20 to National Tunisian Television 2 (التلفزة التونسية ـ الوطنية 2) in Arabic and Télévision Tunisienne 2 in French.
From January 2, 2012, the channel changed register and adopted programming devoted to the regions; its broadcast then covers 17 hours a day. From January 1, 2013, the channel switches to 24-hour broadcasting.
References
External links
Television stations in Tunisia
Television channels and stations established in 1994
1994 establishments in Tunisia |
Howard Douglas Stendahl (born August 1, 1951) is the Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force, promoted to Major General with an effective date of August 2, 2012. He was officially promoted and installed as the Air Force Chief of Chaplains at a ceremony held at Bolling Air Force Base on August 31, 2012.
Early life
Born and reared in St. Paul, Minnesota, Stendahl was ordained in 1977 into the ministry of The American Lutheran Church now a part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. He studied Clinical Pastoral Education and served as a parish pastor in Texas and Wisconsin before entering the Air Force Chaplain Service in 1985.
Education
According to Stendahl's official U.S. Air Force bio, his education includes:
1973 Bachelor of Arts, Hamline University, St. Paul Minn.
1977 Master of Divinity, Luther Theological Seminary, St. Paul Minn.
1988 Squadron Officer School (Residence)
1994 Doctor of Ministry, Graduate Theological Foundation, South Bend Ind.
1995 Air Command and Staff College (Residence)
2001 Air War College (Seminar)
2004 Master of Strategic Studies, Air War College (Residence)
Military assignments
Stendahls's past assignments, prior to his promotion to brigadier general and assignment as U.S. Air Force deputy chief of chaplains, included:
1985 - Chaplain, Basic Military Training School, Permanent Party Chapel, Lackland AFB TX
1988 - Protestant Chaplain, Shaw AFB SC (deployed to Al Dhafra AB, UAE 1990-91)
1991 - Chaplain to Cadets, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colo.
1994 - Student, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
1995 - Senior Protestant Chaplain, Vandenberg AFB, Calif.
1997 - Command Staff Chaplain, U.S. European Command, Patch Barracks, Stuttgart-Vaihingen GE
1999 - Senior Staff Chaplain, HQ Air Force Recruiting Service, Randolph AFB, Texas
2002 - Wing Chaplain, Ellsworth AFB, S.D.
2003 - Student, Air War College, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
2004 - Director, USAF Chaplain Service Institute, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
2006 - Command Chaplain, Air Education and Training Command, Randolph AFB, Texas
2009 - Command Chaplain, Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, Va.
Awards and honors
Stendahl's numerous military awards include:
Doctor of Divinity, Honoris Causa, Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary of Lenoir-Rhyne University, May 24, 2014.
See also
Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force
Armed Forces Chaplains Board
References
United States Air Force generals
Living people
American religious leaders
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Christians
1951 births
Deputy Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States Air Force
Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States Air Force
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Graduate Theological Foundation alumni |
In parallel computing, loop scheduling is the problem of assigning proper iterations of parallelizable loops among n processors to achieve load balancing and maintain data locality with minimum dispatch overhead.
Typical loop scheduling methods are:
static even scheduling: evenly divide loop iteration space into n chunks and assign each chunk to a processor
dynamic scheduling: a chunk of loop iteration is dispatched at runtime by an idle processor. When the chunk size is 1 iteration, it is also called self-scheduling.
guided scheduling: similar to dynamic scheduling, but the chunk sizes per dispatch keep shrinking until reaching a preset value.
References
See also
OpenMP
Automatic parallelization
Loop nest optimization
Parallel computing |
Thismia hongkongensis is a species of Thismia. S.S.Mar and R.M.K.Saunders, the discoverers, published their discovery in the journal PhytoKeys on 4 February 2015. This species is endemic to Hong Kong.
References
Flora of Hong Kong
Burmanniaceae
Parasitic plants
Plants described in 2015 |
The men's ski cross competition of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2013 was held at Myrkdalen-Voss, Norway on March 10 (qualifying and finals).
54 athletes from 21 countries competed.
Results
Qualification
The following are the results of the qualification.
Elimination round
1/8 round
The top 32 qualifiers advanced to the 1/8 round. From here, they participated in four-person elimination races, with the top two from each race advancing.
Heat 1
Heat 3
Heat 5
Heat 7
Heat 2
Heat 4
Heat 6
Heat 8
Quarterfinals round
Heat 1
Heat 3
Heat 2
Heat 4
Semifinals round
Heat 1
Heat 2
Final round
Small final
Final
References
Ski cross, men's |
Blue House Field was a football ground in the Hendon area of Sunderland, England. It was the original home of Sunderland A.F.C hosting the club between 1880 and 1881. It hosted rivals Sunderland Albion F.C. between 1888 and 1892. While the home of Sunderland Albion, Blue House Field hosted matches in the Football Alliance and the FA Cup.
Sunderland A.F.C. Tenancy
Sunderland A.F.C, originally called Sunderland District Teachers Association Football Club, rented the Blue House Field on their formation in 1879 as it was in close proximity to the Hendon Board School where founder James Allan taught. They used it to train until they hosted their very first game on 13 November 1880. They had dropped the 'District Teachers' part of the name before playing a single game, having struggled to find enough teachers to field a team. The first game was a friendly against Ferryhill, which the visitors won 1 - 0. A few weeks later on Blue House Field, Sunderland won their first game; a 4 - 0 victory over Ovingham.
Blue House Field hosted its first competitive football game on December 11, 1880, when Sunderland faced Burnopfield in the Northumberland and Durham Challenge Cup, a precursor to the Durham Challenge Cup and the only opportunity for football teams in the North East to play competitive games at that time. The game ended in a 2 - 2 draw.
The following season, Blue House Field hosted a handful of friendlies, but no competitive games, as Sunderland had been eliminated from the challenge cup while playing away to Sedgefield. The annual rent of £10 was proving onerous for the fledgling club, so it moved away from Blue House Field to find a cheaper home.
Sunderland Albion F.C. Tenancy
In 1888, following a dispute over the direction of the club, Sunderland Albion F.C. were formed as a rival to Sunderland A.F.C. Although they played their first game at Newcastle Road, Albion came to find Blue House Field their home. Blue House Field lacked stands and fencing, meaning that spectators could watch games for free. This was in contrast to their older neighbours, who had moved into Newcastle Road and were charging spectators an entry fee. Undeterred, Albion, which contained a number of players poached from Sunderland A.F.C, quickly grew in stature, winning the Durham Challenge Cup in 1889 (holders Sunderland had chosen to withdraw from a game against Albion rather than allow them to take the gate receipts).
Football Alliance
Both clubs applied for membership to the Football League in 1889, but neither was accepted. Albion decided to become founder members of the Football Alliance instead. Blue House Field therefore hosted the first competitive league football in Sunderland, as Albion hosted 12 matches in the 1889-90 Football Alliance against teams including Nottingham Forest F.C. (won 4 - 0), Small Heath (later to become Birmingham City F.C.) (won 6 - 1), Newton Heath (later to become Manchester United F.C.) (won 4 - 0), and the eventual champions Sheffield Wednesday F.C. (lost 3 - 2). The relative success of the club led to Blue House Field being expanded, with a cycle track and a grandstand added.
Albion's application to join the Football League was again rejected, while Sunderland A.F.C (who had spent the 1889-90 season playing friendly matches) were accepted into the league. League membership brought with it both national prestige and local crowds, which dealt a huge blow to Albion's long-term ambitions of becoming the town's main team. Now over-shadowed by their neighbours, they decided to play in two leagues simultaneously; the Football Alliance and the Northern Football League. In the 1890–91 Football Alliance they finished a narrow second to Stoke City F.C. who had been ejected from the Football League at Sunderland's expense. They remained unbeaten at Blue House Field that season and recorded an impressive 11 - 1 victory over Walsall F.C.
Northern League
Albion also took part in the 1890-91 Northern Football League, finishing third. In that season, Blue House Field also hosted FA Cup football, as Albion reached the last 16, drawing at home to Nottingham Forest F.C. before losing a third replay on neutral ground.
Despite impressive performances, Albion's league application was once again rejected, with a solitary vote being cast in their favour. Facing financial difficulty, Albion elected not to play in the Alliance (with its relatively long-distance travel), instead choosing to focus on the more local Northern Football League. They finished sixth in the 1891-92 season.
in April 1892, Blue House Field once again hosted Sunderland A.F.C - eleven years after the club moved away. Albion welcomed their Football League rivals for a friendly match, the fourth and final meeting between the clubs, and the first not to be played at Newcastle Road. It did not end well for the hosts, with Sunderland, who were just about to be crowned English Champions for the first time, running out 8 - 0 winners in front of an estimated crowd of 2,000.
With the financial troubles mounting, Albion folded in the summer of 1892, and Blue House Field no longer played host to professional football, though to this day it still plays host to amateur and junior teams.
References
Football Alliance venues
Home Grounds of Sunderland A.F.C. |
Fritz Spiess (2 February 1925 – 12 March 1998 in Germany) was a Canadian cinematographer.
Biography
Spiess studied photography in Germany and immigrated to Canada in 1951. Spiess initially worked as a still photographer until 1954 and then focused on cinematography from 1954 until his retirement in 1990. He also directed television commercials. He was a founding member of the Canadian Society of Cinematographers. Because of the many awards his commercials won and the awards that were created in his name, he became known as the "dean of Canadian cinematographers". Significant portions of his commercial cinematography legacy have been permanently archived at the University of Toronto.
Photography
Spiess' still photography featured works taken during post-war Germany and early 1950s Canada. His Canadian photos from the 1950s appeared in major publications such as Life and Mayfair. Many of these photographs are now featured at Toronto's Bulger Gallery. Eight photographs from his "Paris in Munich" 1948 photoshoot form part of the permanent collection of the Art Gallery of Ontario and were on display at the AGO in February 2012.
Cinematography
First Film: St. Thomas Choirboy
Spiess' first film was shot in 1941 when he was 16 years of age. The film was "A day in the life of a St. Thomas choirboy". Spiess was a student of the St. Thomas school in Leipzig while he was growing up. The film was initially silent, but after his death sound was added by friends and colleagues to honour his memory. The film premiered at Spiess' memorial service, held on April 19, 1998. In March 2012 portions of Spiess's 1941 film were used in an MDR documentary about the St. Thomas School on the Choir's 800th anniversary.
Television Commercials
In 1954 in Toronto, Spiess began working on TV commercials. Commercials became his primary focus and his skill and craft developed steadily. He became widely known for his innovative lighting effects and special effects, especially molten gold. Later in his career, he added directing to his skill set along with the director of photography. In total, he shot over 3,000 TV commercials for many major Canadian and international brands.
Fables of La Fontaine
In 1958, Spiess was the cinematographer of the Fables of La Fontaine, a TV series that appeared on CBC.
Disney Expo 67: 360 Film
Hired by Walt Disney, Spiess flew across Canada shooting scenes for the 360-degree film that was the highlight of the Telephone pavilion at Expo 67.
Awards
1973 Canadian Society of Cinematographers (CSC) Bill Hilson Award (Initial Recipient) - Outstanding service contributing to the development of the motion picture industry
1974 CSC Annual Award for Best Cinematography in a TV Commercial
1979 TVB Bessies Fritz Spiess Award (Initial Recipient) Each year, the Spiess Award is given to a person who has displayed "continuing, consistent dedication to excellence in the art of the television commercial". It can be presented to a cameraman, director, producer, editor, composer, art director, copywriter or an advertiser, who has "fulfilled the set-out criteria of overall excellence".
1979 CSC Annual Award for Best Cinematography in a TV Commercial
1987 Kodak New Century Award (Initial Recipient) - Persons who have made an outstanding contribution to the art of cinematography
1983 Fuji Award - Extraordinary contributions to the CSC
Various dates - Gold, Silver and Bronze Lions in Cannes and Venice
1999 The CSC Fritz Spiess Award for Commercial Cinematography - The CSC unveiled this new award in honour of Fritz's legacy at their 1999 Awards Gala
Archives
After his death, hundreds of his commercials and other materials were sorted and archived. Released to the public on December 12, 1999, the archives were initially and generously hosted by William F. White, a major Toronto film rental firm that Spiess had worked with for many years. The donated material is now a significant asset of the Media Commons archive at the University of Toronto.
References
External links
The Fritz Spiess Archive Website
Fritz Spiess artist profile at the Bulger Gallery
University of Toronto Media Commons Fritz Spiess Archive
Playback magazine remembers Fritz Spiess - Dean of Cinematographers
Playback on the launch of the Fritz Spiess Archives
UofT Student presentation on the Archive
Canadian cinematographers
1925 births
1998 deaths
German emigrants to Canada |
Prometheus Bringing Fire to Earth is an outdoor sculpture by Icelandic artist Nína Sæmundsson, installed in MacArthur Park, in Los Angeles, California, United States.
References
Outdoor sculptures in Greater Los Angeles
Prometheus
Sculptures of mythology
Statues in Los Angeles
Westlake, Los Angeles |
The Union Fair is an annual agricultural fair in Union, Maine. It began in 1869 and, since 1886, all fairs in Knox County have taken place in Union.
No fair was held in 1917–18, 1942–45 nor 2020.
For many years the fair started on the third Saturday before Labor Day and run for eight days closing on the following Saturday. The fair now takes place in late July.
See also
Smokey's Greater Shows
References
Further reading
The First Century — Union Fair 1869–1969 by Donald and Marion Mattoon
External links
Union Fair - Official site
Fairs in the United States
Recurring events established in 1869
Tourist attractions in Knox County, Maine
1869 establishments in Maine
Union, Maine |
Ludmila Javorová (born 31 January 1932 in Brno) is a Czech Roman Catholic woman who worked in the underground church during the time of communist rule in Czechoslovakia and served as a vicar general of a clandestine bishop. She was one of a number of Czech women who were allegedly ordained priests, the religious validity of which has been disputed since.
Life
Javorová was born into a Catholic family in Brno in 1932. Although she expressed a wish to become a nun, that was not possible in the time of communism, so she started to work in civilian professions and to support Church activities in her free time.
According to statements made in 1995 and later, the underground bishop Felix Maria Davídek, a friend of Javorová's family, secretly ordained her on 29 December 1970, during the early years of Soviet occupation of the country after the Prague Spring. She had served as his secretary and deputy after his release from prison in 1964 and "gradually took over important tasks in organising the clandestine Church structure ." Davídek named her his vicar general and later ordained her a priest. Around five women were thought to have been ordained in total, with Javorová the only one publicly known.
After the end of communist rule in Czechoslovakia in 1989, Javorová seemingly tried for some time to conceal her status from the public, saying that "the time is not ripe to talk about that". Around 1995, she changed her mind and decided to speak publicly. She helped to prepare a book interview about her experiences, authored by Miriam Therese Winter. Javorová now lives in Brno and remains an active member of the Roman Catholic Church. She is currently a speaker of the Liturgical Commission of her local parish.
Controversy
Although there is thought to be no evidence that an ordination ceremony did or did not take place as claimed, its theological significance has been the subject of controversy.
On one side, Davidek, who had himself spent 14 years in prison as a result of his faith, justified the ordinations based on the pastoral needs of a church suffering harsh persecution, particularly of women tortured in prison who had no contact with male priests but could be ministered to by priests of the same gender. Archbishop John Bukovsky has described the ordinations as "illicit but valid".
On the other side, the Catechism of the Catholic Church states that an ordination ceremony performed on a woman would be invalid as well as illicit; this doctrine is found in the writings of Thomas Aquinas and many others. Pope John Paul II has written "Priestly ordination, which hands on the office entrusted by Christ to his Apostles of teaching, sanctifying and governing the faithful, has in the Catholic Church from the beginning always been reserved to men alone" in his Apostolic Letter, Ordinatio sacerdotalis. This is reflected in the current Code of Canon Law.
Within Davídek's group itself, the ordination of women and of married men was highly controversial and may have played a role in its splitting in the early 1970s. Davídek himself concealed Javorová's ordination from many of his co-workers and demanded written promises of "absolute silence on the matter" from people participating in his secret ordinations. Historians Fiala and Hanuš argue that these ordained women had very few specific sacerdotal tasks in Davídek's group, and conclude from this that their ordinations can therefore be considered as only a "symbolical act and a precedent".
Christian publisher - who had met Javorová - said in an interview that the ordination had been real, but was invalidated by the Vatican after the fall of the communist regime.
See also
Roman Catholic Womenpriests
Christian views of women
References
Sources
Miriam Therese Winter: Out of the Depths (a biography of Ludmila Javorová) 2001.
Fiala, Petr and Hanuš, Jiří: Skrytá církev, Felix M. Davídek a společenství Koinótés, CDK Brno 1999 ()
1932 births
Living people
20th-century Roman Catholics
Christian feminist theologians
Clergy from Brno
Women's ordination activists
Ordination of women and the Catholic Church |
Christopher Terne M.D. (also Tearne) (1620–1673) was an English physician.
Life
He was born in Cambridgeshire, entered the University of Leyden on 22 July 1647, and there graduated M.D. In May 1650 he was incorporated first at Cambridge and then at Oxford. He was examined as a candidate at the College of Physicians on 10 May 1650, and was elected a fellow on 15 November 1655. He was elected assistant physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital on 13 May 1653 and held office until 1669.
He was appointed lecturer on anatomy to the Barber-Surgeons' Company in 1656, and in 1663 Samuel Pepys heard him lecture. He delivered the Harveian oration at the College of Physicians, in which, as in his lectures, he speaks reverently of William Harvey. He was one of the original Fellows of the Royal Society.
Terne died at his house in Lime Street, London, on 1 December 1673, and was buried in St. Andrew's Undershaft. His library was sold on 12 April 1686 with that of Dr. Thomas Allen.
Works
The only writings of Terne that were printed were some Latin verses on Christopher Bennet which are placed below his portrait in the Theatrum Tabidorum. The Harveian oration exists in manuscript (Sloane MS. 1903). His 'Prælectio Prima ad Chirurgos' and other lectures were preserved in the Sloane Collection in the British Museum. The lectures, which are dated 1656, begin with an account of the skin, going on to the deeper parts, and were delivered contemporaneously with the dissection of a body on the table. Several volumes of notes of his medical reading are preserved in the same collection, and an essay entitled 'An respiratio inserviat nutritioni?'
Family
He married Susan, daughter of Henry Borne. His daughter Henrietta married Dr. Edward Browne.
Notes
External links
RCP page
Attribution
1620 births
1673 deaths
17th-century English medical doctors
Original Fellows of the Royal Society |
Saint Joavan may refer to:
Saint Joavan (died c. 562), Irish priest and bishop in Brittany.
Jovan Vladimir (990–1016), ruler of Duklja, Serbian principality |
Clayton Park may refer to:
Clayton Park, Nova Scotia, a suburb of Halifax, Nova Scotia
Clayton Park (album), a 1999 album by Canadian rock band Thrush Hermit |
The Icaro Laminar is a large family of Italian high-wing, single-place and two-place hang gliders, designed and produced by Icaro 2000.
Design and development
The Laminar family of hang gliders was introduced in 1994 and has undergone continuous product improvement, keeping the line at the top of world competition.
The aircraft is made from aluminum and carbon fibre tubing, with the wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Some models use Mylar sail components. The competition Laminars are "topless" designs with no kingpost or upper rigging. The MastR model was introduced for pilots who wanted the Laminar wing with a kingpost.
Operational history
The Laminar series has won many World Hang Gliding Championships, including the 2011 contest held at Monte Cucco, Italy, when first and second places went to Alex Ploner and Christian Ciech flying Laminar Z9 models.
Variants
Laminar 12 MR 700
Small sized model for lighter pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 130°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.25:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified.
Laminar 13 MR 700
Medium sized model for mid-weight pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 130°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.41:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified.
Laminar 14 MR 700
Large sized model for heavier pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 130°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.51:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified.
Laminar Easy 14
Small sized model for lighter pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 127°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.3:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified.
Laminar Easy 16
Large sized model for heavier pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 127°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified.
Laminar Biplace
Two-place model for flight training and tourist flying, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 127°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 5:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified.
Laminar MastR 12
Small sized model for lighter pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 130°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.3:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 2-3.
Laminar MastR 13
Medium sized model for mid-weight pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 130°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.6:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV and SHV certified as Class 2-3.
Laminar MastR 14
Large sized model for heavier pilots, produced circa 2003 and no longer in production. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 130°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.51:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV and SHV certified as Class 3.
Laminar Z9 12.6
Introduced in 2010, extra small sized model for small pilots. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 132°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.38:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
Laminar Z9 13.2
Introduced in 2010, small sized model for light pilots. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 132°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.63:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
Laminar Z9 13.7
Introduced in 2010, medium sized model for mid-weight pilots. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 132°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.28:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
Laminar Z9 14.1
Introduced in 2010, large small sized model for heavier pilots. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 134°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.85:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
Laminar Z9 14.8
Introduced in 2010, extra large sized model for very heavy pilots. Its span wing is a "topless" design without a kingpost. The nose angle is 134°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.5:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
MastR S
Small sized model for light pilots. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 128°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.01:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
MastR M
Medium sized model for mid-weight pilots. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 131°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.35:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
MastR L
Large sized model for heavy pilots. Its span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 131°, wing area is and the aspect ratio is 7.38:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is . DHV certified as Class 3.
Applications
Icaro Pit-Trike
Specifications (Laminar Z9 14.1)
References
External links
Laminar
Hang gliders |
Archaeoses pentasema is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
References
Cossidae |
The Security of Information Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. O-5), formerly known as the Official Secrets Act, is an Act of the Parliament of Canada that addresses national security concerns, including threats of espionage by foreign powers and terrorist groups, and the intimidation or coercion of ethnocultural communities in and against Canada.
Key provisions of the Act
Certain departments ('Scheduled department') and classes of people (past and current employees) are 'permanently bound to secrecy' under the Act. These are individuals who should be held to a higher level of accountability for unauthorized disclosures of information obtained in relation to their work. For example, Military Intelligence, employees of Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), Communications Security Establishment and certain members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).
This act applies to anyone who has been granted security clearance by the Federal Government, including those who have been granted Reliability Status for accessing designated information. Previously, only 'classified' information was protected under the Official Secrets Act 1981.
Convictions
The first conviction and sentencing under the Security of Information Act was handed down in February, 2013. Sub-Lieutenant Jeffrey Delisle was convicted for selling top secret Canadian military intelligence to the Embassy of Russia in Ottawa.
See also
Security clearances in Canada
Information classification in Canada
Information security
References
External links
Canadian federal legislation
2001 in Canadian law |
```kotlin
package com.mattermost.rnshare.helpers
import android.content.Context
import android.net.Uri
import android.provider.DocumentsContract
import android.provider.OpenableColumns
import android.text.TextUtils
import android.util.Log
import java.io.File
import java.io.FileInputStream
import java.io.FileOutputStream
import java.io.IOException
object RealPathUtil {
const val CACHE_DIR_NAME: String = "mmShare"
init {
deleteTempFiles(File(CACHE_DIR_NAME))
}
fun getRealPathFromURI(context:Context, uri:Uri?): String? {
if (uri == null) {
return null
}
// DocumentProvider
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
val docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri)
val split = docId.split((":").toRegex()).dropLastWhile { it.isEmpty() }.toTypedArray()
val type = split[0]
if ("primary".equals(type, ignoreCase = true)) {
return context.getExternalFilesDir(split[1])?.absolutePath
}
} else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
// DownloadsProvider
val id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri)
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(id)) {
if (id.startsWith("raw:")) {
return id.replaceFirst(("raw:").toRegex(), "")
}
try {
return getPathFromSavingTempFile(context, uri)
} catch (e:NumberFormatException) {
Log.e("ReactNative", "DownloadsProvider unexpected uri $uri")
return null
}
}
}
else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
// MediaProvider
return getPathFromSavingTempFile(context, uri)
}
}
if ("content".equals(uri.scheme, ignoreCase = true)) {
// MediaStore (and general)
if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri)) {
return uri.lastPathSegment
}
// Try save to tmp file, and return tmp file path
return getPathFromSavingTempFile(context, uri)
}
else if ("file".equals(uri.scheme, ignoreCase = true)) {
return uri.path
}
return null
}
private fun getPathFromSavingTempFile(context:Context, uri:Uri): String? {
val tmpFile:File
var fileName: String? = null
// Try and get the filename from the Uri
try
{
val returnCursor = context.contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null)
val nameIndex = returnCursor?.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME)
returnCursor?.moveToFirst()
fileName = sanitizeFilename(nameIndex?.let { returnCursor.getString(it) })
returnCursor?.close()
} catch (e:Exception) {
// just continue to get the filename with the last segment of the path
}
try
{
if (fileName == null) {
fileName = sanitizeFilename(uri.lastPathSegment.toString().trim())
}
val cacheDir = File(context.cacheDir, CACHE_DIR_NAME)
if (!cacheDir.exists()) {
cacheDir.mkdirs()
}
tmpFile = File(cacheDir, fileName!!)
tmpFile.createNewFile()
val pfd = context.contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(uri, "r")
val src = FileInputStream(pfd?.fileDescriptor).channel
val dst = FileOutputStream(tmpFile).channel
dst.transferFrom(src, 0, src.size())
src.close()
dst.close()
pfd?.close()
}
catch (ex:IOException) {
return null
}
return tmpFile.absolutePath
}
private fun sanitizeFilename(filename: String?): String? {
if (filename == null) {
return null
}
val f = File(filename)
return f.name
}
private fun isExternalStorageDocument(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents" == uri.authority
}
private fun isDownloadsDocument(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents" == uri.authority
}
private fun isMediaDocument(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents" == uri.authority
}
private fun isGooglePhotosUri(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content" == uri.authority
}
fun getExtension(uri: String?): String? {
if (uri == null) {
return null
}
val dot = uri.lastIndexOf(".")
return if (dot >= 0)
{
uri.substring(dot)
} else {
// No extension.
""
}
}
fun getMimeTypeFromUri(context: Context, uri: Uri): String? {
try {
val cR = context.contentResolver
return cR.getType(uri)
} catch (e: java.lang.Exception) {
return "application/octet-stream"
}
}
fun deleteTempFiles(dir: File) {
try
{
if (dir.isDirectory) {
deleteRecursive(dir)
}
}
catch (e:Exception) {
// do nothing
}
}
private fun deleteRecursive(fileOrDirectory:File) {
if (fileOrDirectory.isDirectory) {
val files = fileOrDirectory.listFiles()
if (files?.size!! > 0) {
for (child in files) {
deleteRecursive(child)
}
}
fileOrDirectory.delete()
}
}
}
``` |
The history of Chinese Buddhism begins in the Han dynasty, when Buddhism first began to arrive via the Silk Road networks (via overland and maritime routes). The early period of Chinese Buddhist history saw efforts to propagate Buddhism, establish institutions and translate Buddhist texts into Chinese. The effort was led by non-Chinese missionaries from India and Central Asia like Kumarajiva and Paramartha well as by great Chinese pilgrims and translators like Xuanzang.
After the Han era, there was a period in which Buddhism became more Sinicized and new unique Chinese traditions of Buddhism arose, like Pure Land, Chan, Tiantai and Huayan. These traditions would also be exported to Korea, Japan and Vietnam and they influenced all of East Asian Buddhism.
Though Buddhism suffered numerous setbacks during the modern era (such as the widespread destruction of temples during the Taiping Rebellion and Cultural Revolution), it also experienced periods of reform and revival. Buddhism is currently the largest institutionalized religion in mainland China.
Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE)
Various legends tell of the presence of Buddhism on Chinese soil in very ancient times. While the scholarly consensus is that Buddhism first came to China in the first century CE during the Han dynasty, through missionaries from India, it is not known precisely when Buddhism entered China.
Generations of scholars have debated whether Buddhist missionaries first reached Han China via the maritime or overland routes of the Silk Road. The maritime route hypothesis, favored by Liang Qichao and Paul Pelliot, proposed that Buddhism was originally practiced in southern China, the Yangtze River, and Huai River region. On the other hand, it must have entered from the northwest via the Gansu corridor to the Yellow River basin and the North China Plain in the course of the first century CE. The scene becomes clearer from the middle of the second century onward, when the first known missionaries started their translation activities in the capital, Luoyang. The Book of the Later Han records that in 65 CE, the prince Liu Ying of Chu (present-day Jiangsu) "delighted in the practices of Huang-Lao Daoism" and had both Buddhist monks and laypeople at his court who presided over Buddhist ceremonies. The overland route hypothesis, favored by Tang Yongtong, proposed that Buddhism disseminated through Central Asia – in particular, the Kushan Empire, which was often known in ancient Chinese sources as Da Yuezhi ("Great Yuezhi"), after the founding tribe. According to this hypothesis, Buddhism was first practiced in China in the Western Regions and the Han capital Luoyang (present-day Henan), where Emperor Ming of Han established the White Horse Temple in 68 CE.
In 2004, Rong Xinjiang, a history professor at Peking University, reexamined the overland and maritime hypotheses through a multi-disciplinary review of recent discoveries and research, including the Gandhāran Buddhist Texts, and concluded:
The French sinologist Henri Maspero says it is a "very curious fact" that, throughout the entire Han dynasty, Daoism and Buddhism were "constantly confused and appeared as single religion". A century after prince Liu Ying's court supported both Daoists and Buddhists, in 166 Emperor Huan of Han made offerings to the Buddha and sacrifices to the Huang-Lao gods Yellow Emperor and Laozi. The first Chinese apologist for Buddhism, a late second-century layman named Mouzi, said it was through Daoism that he was led to Buddhism—which he calls dàdào (, the "Great Dao").I too, when I had not yet understood the Great Way (Buddhism), had studied Taoist practises. Hundreds and thousands of recipes are there for longevity through abstention from cereals. I practised them, but without success; I saw them put to use, but without result. That is why I abandoned them.Early Chinese Buddhism was conflated and mixed with Daoism, and it was within Daoist circles that it found its first adepts. Traces are evident in Han period Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures, which hardly differentiated between Buddhist nirvana and Daoist immortality. Wuwei, the Daoist concept of non-interference, was the normal term for translating Sanskrit nirvana, which is transcribed as nièpán () in modern Chinese usage.
Traditional accounts
A number of popular accounts in historical Chinese literature have led to the popularity of certain legends regarding the introduction of Buddhism into China. According to the most popular one, Emperor Ming of Han (28–75 CE) precipitated the introduction of Buddhist teachings into China. The (early third to early fifth century) Mouzi Lihuolun first records this legend:
The emperor then sent an envoy to Tianzhu (Southern India) to inquire about the teachings of the Buddha. Buddhist scriptures were said to have been returned to China on the backs of white horses, after which White Horse Temple was named. Two Indian monks also returned with them, named Dharmaratna and Kaśyapa Mātaṅga.
An eighth-century Chinese fresco at Mogao Caves near Dunhuang in Gansu portrays Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BCE) worshiping statues of a golden man; "golden men brought in 121 BCE by a great Han general in his campaigns against the nomads". However, neither the Shiji nor Book of Han histories of Emperor Wu mention a golden Buddhist statue (compare Emperor Ming).
The first translations
The first documented translation of Buddhist scriptures from various Indian languages into Chinese occurs in 148 CE with the arrival of the Parthian prince-turned-monk An Shigao (Ch. ). He worked to establish Buddhist temples in Luoyang and organized the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese, testifying to the beginning of a wave of Central Asian Buddhist proselytism that was to last several centuries. An Shigao translated Buddhist texts on basic doctrines, meditation, and abhidharma. An Xuan (Ch. ), a Parthian layman who worked alongside An Shigao, also translated an early Mahāyāna Buddhist text on the bodhisattva path.
Mahāyāna Buddhism was first widely propagated in China by the Kushan monk Lokakṣema (Ch. , active c. 164–186 CE), who came from the ancient Buddhist kingdom of Gandhāra. Lokakṣema translated important Mahāyāna sūtras such as the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, as well as rare, early Mahāyāna sūtras on topics such as samādhi, and meditation on the buddha Akṣobhya. These translations from Lokakṣema continue to give insight into the early period of Mahāyāna Buddhism. This corpus of texts often includes emphasizes ascetic practices and forest dwelling, and absorption in states of meditative concentration:
Early Buddhist schools
During the early period of Chinese Buddhism, the Indian early Buddhist schools recognized as important, and whose texts were studied, were the Dharmaguptakas, Mahīśāsakas, Kāśyapīyas, Sarvāstivādins, and the Mahāsāṃghikas.
The Dharmaguptakas made more efforts than any other sect to spread Buddhism outside India, to areas such as Afghanistan, Central Asia, and China, and they had great success in doing so. Therefore, most countries which adopted Buddhism from China, also adopted the Dharmaguptaka vinaya and ordination lineage for bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs. According to A.K. Warder, in some ways in those East Asian countries, the Dharmaguptaka sect can be considered to have survived to the present. Warder further writes that the Dharmaguptakas can be credited with effectively establishing Chinese Buddhism during the early period:
Six Dynasties and Southern and Northern period (220–589)
Early translation methods
Initially, Buddhism in China faced a number of difficulties in becoming established. The concept of monasticism and the aversion to social affairs seemed to contradict the long-established norms and standards established in Chinese society. Some even declared that Buddhism was harmful to the authority of the state, that Buddhist monasteries contributed nothing to the economic prosperity of China, and that Buddhism was barbaric and undeserving of Chinese cultural traditions. However, Buddhism was often associated with Taoism in its ascetic meditative tradition, and for this reason a concept-matching system was used by some early Indian translators, to adapt native Buddhist ideas onto Daoist ideas and terminology.
Buddhism appealed to Chinese intellectuals and elites, and the development of gentry Buddhism was sought as an alternative to Confucianism and Daoism, since Buddhism's emphasis on morality and ritual appealed to Confucianists and the desire to cultivate inner wisdom appealed to Daoists. Gentry Buddhism was a medium of introduction for the beginning of Buddhism in China, it gained imperial and courtly support. By the early fifth century, Buddhism was established in south China. During this time, Indian monks continued to travel along the Silk Road to teach Buddhism, and translation work was primarily done by foreign monks rather than Chinese.
The arrival of Kumārajīva (334–413 CE)
When the famous monk Kumārajīva was captured during the Chinese conquest of the Buddhist kingdom of Kucha, he was imprisoned for many years. When he was released in AD 401, he immediately took a high place in Chinese Buddhism and was appraised as a great master from the West. He was especially valued by Emperor Yao Xing of the state of Later Qin, who gave him an honorific title and treated him like a god. Kumārajīva revolutionized Chinese Buddhism with his high-quality translations (from AD 402–413), which are still praised for their flowing smoothness, clarity of meaning, subtlety, and literary skill. Due to the efforts of Kumārajīva, Buddhism in China became not only recognized for its practice methods, but also as high philosophy and religion. The arrival of Kumārajīva also set a standard for Chinese translations of Buddhist texts, effectively doing away with previous concept-matching systems.
The translations of Kumārajīva have often remained more popular than those of other translators. Among the most well-known are his translations of the Diamond Sutra, the Amitabha Sutra, the Lotus Sutra, the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra, the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, and the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra.
A completed Sūtra Piṭaka
Around the time of Kumārajīva, the four major Sanskrit āgamas were also translated into Chinese. Each of the āgamas was translated independently by a different Indian monk. These āgamas comprise the only other complete surviving Sūtra Piṭaka, which is generally comparable to the Pali Sutta Pitaka of Theravada Buddhism. The teachings of the Sūtra Piṭaka are usually considered to be one of the earliest teachings on Buddhism and a core text of the Early Buddhist Schools in China. It is noteworthy that before the modern period, these āgama were seldom if ever used by Buddhist communities, due to their Hīnayāna attribution, as Chinese Buddhism was already avowedly Mahāyāna in persuasion.
Early Chinese Buddhist traditions
Due to the wide proliferation of Buddhist texts available in Chinese and the large number of foreign monks who came to teach Buddhism in China, much like new branches growing from the main tree trunk, various specific focus traditions emerged. Among the most influential of these was the practice of Pure Land Buddhism established by Hui Yuan, which focused on Amitābha Buddha and his western pure land of Sukhāvatī. Other early traditions were the Tiantai, Huayan and the Vinaya school. Such schools were based upon the primacy of the Lotus Sūtra, the Avataṃsaka Sūtra, and the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, respectively, along with supplementary sūtras and commentaries. The Tiantai founder Zhiyi wrote several works that became important and widely read meditation manuals in China such as the "Concise samatha-vipasyana", and the "Great samatha-vipasyana".
Daily life of nuns
An important aspect of a nun was the practice of vegetarianism as it was heavily emphasized in the Buddhist religion to not harm any living creature for the purpose of them to consume. There were also some nuns who did not eat regularly, in an attempt to fast. Another dietary practice of nuns was their practice of consuming fragrant oil or incense as a "preparation for self-immolation by fire".
Some daily activities of nuns include reading, memorizing, and reciting of Buddhist scriptures and religious texts. Another was meditation, as it is seen as the "heart of Buddhist monastic life". There are biographers explaining when nuns meditate they enter a state where their body of becomes hard, rigid, and stone-like where they are often mistaken as lifeless.
Chan: pointing directly to the mind
In the fifth century, the Chan (Zen) teachings began in China, traditionally attributed to the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma, a legendary figure. The school heavily utilized the principles found in the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, a sūtra utilizing the teachings of Yogācāra and those of Tathāgatagarbha, and which teaches the One Vehicle (Skt. Ekayāna) to buddhahood. In the early years, the teachings of Chan were therefore referred to as the "One Vehicle School". The earliest masters of the Chan school were called "Laṅkāvatāra Masters", for their mastery of practice according to the principles of the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra.
The principal teachings of Chan were later often known for the use of so-called encounter stories and koans, and the teaching methods used in them. Nan Huai-Chin identifies the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra and the Diamond Sūtra (Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra) as the principle texts of the Chan school, and summarizes the principles succinctly:
Sui and Tang dynasty (589–907 CE)
Xuanzang's journey to the west
During the early Tang dynasty, between 629 and 645, the monk Xuanzang journeyed to India and visited over one hundred kingdoms, and wrote extensive and detailed reports of his findings, which have subsequently become important for the study of India during this period. During his travels he visited holy sites, learned the lore of his faith, and studied with many famous Buddhist masters, especially at the famous center of Buddhist learning at Nālanda University. When he returned, he brought with him some 657 Sanskrit texts. Xuanzang also returned with relics, statues, and Buddhist paraphernalia loaded onto twenty-two horses. With the emperor's support, he set up a large translation bureau in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), drawing students and collaborators from all over East Asia. He is credited with the translation of some 1,330 fascicles of scriptures into Chinese. His strongest personal interest in Buddhism was in the field of Yogācāra, or "Consciousness-only".
The force of his own study, translation and commentary of the texts of these traditions initiated the development of the Faxiang school in East Asia. Although the school itself did not thrive for a long time, its theories regarding perception, consciousness, karma, rebirth, etc. found their way into the doctrines of other more successful schools. Xuanzang's closest and most eminent student was Kuiji who became recognized as the first patriarch of the Faxiang school. Xuanzang's logic, as described by Kuiji, was often misunderstood by scholars of Chinese Buddhism because they lack the necessary background in Indian logic. Another important disciple was the Korean monk Woncheuk.
Xuanzang's translations were especially important for the transmission of Indian texts related to the Yogācāra school. He translated central Yogācāra texts such as the Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra and the Yogācārabhūmi Śāstra, as well as important texts such as the Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra and the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra (Medicine Buddha Sūtra). He is credited with writing or compiling the Cheng Weishi Lun (Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi Śāstra) as composed from multiple commentaries on Vasubandhu's Triṃśikā-vijñaptimātratā. His translation of the Heart Sūtra became and remains the standard in all East Asian Buddhist sects. The proliferation of these texts expanded the Chinese Buddhist canon significantly with high-quality translations of some of the most important Indian Buddhist texts.
Caves, art, and technology
The popularization of Buddhism in this period is evident in the many scripture-filled caves and structures surviving from this period. The Mogao Caves near Dunhuang in Gansu province, the Longmen Grottoes near Luoyang in Henan and the Yungang Grottoes near Datong in Shanxi are the most renowned examples from the Northern Wei, Sui and Tang dynasties. The Leshan Giant Buddha, carved out of a hillside in the eighth century during the Tang dynasty and looking down on the confluence of three rivers, is still the largest stone Buddha statue in the world.
At the Longmen cave complex, Wu Zetian (r. 690–705) –– a notable proponent of Buddhism during the Tang dynasty (reigned as Zhou)–– directed mammoth stone sculptures of Vaircōcana Buddha with Bodhisattvas. As the first self-seated woman emperor, these sculptures served multiple purposes, including the projection of Buddhist ideas that would validate her mandate of power.
Monks and pious laymen spread Buddhist concepts through story-telling and preaching from sutra texts. These oral presentations were written down as bianwen (transformation stories) which influenced the writing of fiction by their new ways of telling stories combining prose and poetry. Popular legends in this style included Mulian Rescues His Mother, in which a monk descends into hell in a show of filial piety.
Making duplications of Buddhist texts was considered to bring meritorious karma. Printing from individually carved wooden blocks and from clay or metal movable type proved much more efficient than hand copying and eventually eclipsed it. The Diamond Sūtra (Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra) of 868 CE, a Buddhist scripture discovered in 1907 inside the Mogao Caves, is the first dated example of block printing.
Ch'an Buddhism
After the arrival of Boddhidharma in the either 4th or 5th century in China, he founded the Chan Buddhism school becoming the first Patriarch (which is now known as Zen around the world due to the popularization of Japanese Zen ). The school of teaching became a major force during the Tang Dyansty with the Fifth Patriarch Hongren, his student Shenxiu who became the national teacher under the rule of Wu Zhetian, and the Sixth Patriach Huineng.
Shenxiu and Huineng seemingly divided style created the Northern and Southern School of Chan. The Platform Sutra written by Huineng is the only Chinese produced Buddhist work that is given the status of a sutra normally only given to those expounded by the Buddha himself in India.
Arrival of Esoteric Buddhism
The Kaiyuan's Three Great Enlightened Masters, Śubhakarasiṃha, Vajrabodhi, and Amoghavajra, established Esoteric Buddhism in China from AD 716 to 720 during the reign of emperor Xuanzong. They came to Daxing Shansi (, Great Propagating Goodness Temple), which was the predecessor of Temple of the Great Enlightener Mahavairocana. Daxing Shansi was established in the ancient capital Chang'an, today's Xi'an, and became one of the four great centers of scripture translation supported by the imperial court. They had translated many Buddhist scriptures, sutra and tantra, from Sanskrit to Chinese. They had also assimilated the prevailing teachings of China: Taoism and Confucianism, with Buddhism, and had further evolved the practice of the Chinese Esoteric Buddhist tradition.
They brought to the Chinese a mysterious, dynamic, and magical teaching, which included mantra formula and detailed rituals to protect a person or an empire, to affect a person's fate after death, and, particularly popular, to bring rain in times of drought. It is not surprising, then, that all three masters were well received by the emperor Tang Xuanzong, and their teachings were quickly taken up at the Tang court and among the elite. Mantrayana altars were installed in temples in the capital, and by the time of emperor Tang Daizong (r. 762–779) its influence among the upper classes outstripped that of Daoism. However, relations between Amoghavajra and Daizong were especially good. In life the emperor favored Amoghavajra with titles and gifts, and when the master died in 774, he honored his memory with a stupa, or funeral monument. Master Huiguo, a disciple of Amoghavajra, imparted some esoteric Buddhist teachings to Kūkai, one of the many Japanese monks who came to Tang China to study Buddhism, including the Mandala of the Two Realms, the Womb Realm and the Diamond Realm. Master Kukai went back to Japan to establish the Japanese Esoteric school of Buddhism, later known as Shingon Buddhism. The Esoteric Buddhist lineages transmitted to Japan under the auspices of the monks Kūkai and Saicho, later formulated the teachings transmitted to them to create the Shingon sect and the Tendai sect.
Unlike in Japan, Esoteric Buddhism in China was not seen as a separate and distinct "school" of Buddhism but rather understood as a set of associated practices and teachings that could be integrated together with the other Chinese Buddhist traditions such as Chan. Hence, the other schools of Chinese Buddhism such as Chan and Tiantai began to adopt esoteric practices such as deity visualization and dharani chanting.
Tang state repression of 845
Opposition to Buddhism accumulated over time during the Tang dynasty, culminating in the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution under Emperor Tang Wuzong.
There were several components that led to opposition of Buddhism. One factor is the foreign origins of Buddhism, unlike Taoism and Confucianism. Han Yu wrote, "Buddha was a man of the barbarians who did not speak the language of China and wore clothes of a different fashion. His sayings did not concern the ways of our ancient kings, nor did his manner of dress conform to their laws. He understood neither the duties that bind sovereign and subject, nor the affections of father and son."
Other components included the Buddhists' withdrawal from society, since the Chinese believed that Chinese people should be involved with family life. Wealth, tax-exemption status and power of the Buddhist temples and monasteries also annoyed many critics.
As mentioned earlier, persecution came during the reign of Emperor Wuzong in the Tang dynasty. Wuzong was said to hate the sight of Buddhist monks, who he thought were tax-evaders. In 845, he ordered the destruction of 4,600 Buddhist monasteries and 40,000 temples. More than 400,000 Buddhist monks and nuns then became peasants liable to the Two Taxes (grain and cloth). Wuzong cited that Buddhism was an alien religion, which is the reason he also persecuted the Christians in China. David Graeber argues that Buddhist institutions had accumulated so much precious metals which the government needed to secure the money supply.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960/979)
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval in China, between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the founding of the Song dynasty. During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one another in the north, and more than 12 independent states were established, mainly in the south. However, only ten are traditionally listed, hence the era's name, "Ten Kingdoms". Some historians, such as Bo Yang, count eleven, including Yan and Qi, but not Northern Han, viewing it as simply a continuation of Later Han. This era also led to the founding of the Liao dynasty.
After the fall of the Tang dynasty, China was without effective central control during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. China was divided into several autonomous regions. Support for Buddhism was limited to a few areas. The Huayan and Tiantai schools survived, but they still suffered from the changing circumstances, since they had depended on imperial support. The collapse of Tang society also deprived the aristocratic classes of wealth and influence, which meant a further drawback for Buddhism. Shenxiu's Northern Chan School and Henshui's Southern Chan School didn't survive the changing circumstances. Nevertheless, Chan emerged as the most popular tradition within Chinese Buddhism, but with various schools developing various emphasises in their teachings, due to the regional orientation of the period. The Fayan school, named after Fayan Wenyi (885–958), became the dominant school in the southern kingdoms of Nan-Tang (Jiangxi, Chiang-hsi) and Wuyue (Che-chiang).
Song dynasty (960–1279)
The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods: the Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song (, 960–1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of inner China. The Southern Song (, 1127–1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of northern China to the Jin dynasty. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze River and established their capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional birthplace of Chinese civilization along the Yellow River, the Song economy was not in ruins, as the Southern Song Empire contained 60 percent of China's population and a majority of the most productive agricultural land.
During the Song dynasty, Chan () was used by the government to strengthen its control over the country, and Chan grew to become the largest sect in Chinese Buddhism. An ideal picture of the Chan of the Tang period was produced, which served the legacy of this newly acquired status.
During the early Song dynasty, Chan and Pure Land practices became especially popular. Buddhist ideology began to merge with Confucianism and Daoism, due in part to the use of existing Chinese philosophical terms in the translation of Buddhist scriptures. Various Confucian scholars of the Song dynasty, including Zhu Xi (wg: Chu Hsi), sought to redefine Confucianism as Neo-Confucianism.
During the Song dynasty, in 1021 CE, it is recorded that there were 458,855 Buddhist monks and nuns actively living in monasteries. The total number of monks was 397,615, while the total number of nuns was recorded as 61,240.
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
During the Yuan dynasty, the emperors made Esoteric Buddhism an official religion of their empire, and Tibetan lamas were given patronage at the court. A common perception was that this patronage of lamas caused corrupt forms of tantra to become widespread. When the Yuan dynasty was overthrown and the Ming dynasty was established, the Tibetan lamas were expelled from the court, and this form of Buddhism was denounced as not being an orthodox path.
Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
During the Ming dynasty, there was a significant revival of Tiantai, Huayan and Yogacara traditions, as well as ordination ceremonies. While there were sometimes disagreements between certain lineage holders of the various Buddhist schools on doctrines, mixed practice of rituals and traditions from all the different schools remained the norm among monastics and lay people as opposed to strict sectarian divides. According to Weinstein, by the Ming dynasty, the Chan school became especially popular such that, at one point, most monks were affiliated with either the Linji school or the Caodong school.
Eminent monks
During the Ming dynasty, Hanshan Deqing was one of the great reformers of Chinese Buddhism. Like many of his contemporaries, he advocated the dual practice of the Chan and Pure Land methods, and advocated the use of the nianfo ("Mindfulness of the Buddha") technique to purify the mind for the attainment of self-realization. He also directed practitioners in the use of mantras as well as scripture reading. He was also renowned as a lecturer and commentator and admired for his strict adherence to the precepts. According to Jiang Wu, for Chan masters in this period such as Hanshan Deqing, training through self-cultivation was encouraged, and clichéd or formulaic instructions were despised. Eminent monks who practiced meditation and asceticism without proper Dharma transmission were acclaimed for having acquiring "wisdom without a teacher".
Another eminent monastic in this era was the monk Youxi Chuandeng (1554–1628), who spearheaded the revival of the Tiantai teachings and lineage. While revitalizing Tiantai, he made an effort to harmonize rather than criticize other Buddhist schools. For instance, he incorporated the important intellectual themes of the late Ming, especially those found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra, with traditional Tiantai thought; by drawing upon the notions of pure mind and the seven elements found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra, he reinterpreted nature-inclusion and the Dharma-gate of inherent evil emphasizing inherent evil as pure rather than defiled.
Eminent nuns
During the Ming dynasty, women of different ages were able to enter the monastic life from as young as five or six years old to as old as seventy. There were various reasons why a Ming woman entered the religious life of becoming a nun. Some women had fallen ill and believed that by entering the religious life they would be able to relieve their sufferings. Women who had been widowed due to the death of her husband or betrothed sometimes chose to join a convent. Many women who were left widowed were affected financially as they often had to support their in-laws and parents. Remarriage was frowned upon in Ming society, where women were expected to remain faithful to their husband. By devoting themselves to religion, they received less social criticism. An example of this is Xia Shuji. Xia's husband, Hou Xun, (1591–1645), had led a resistance in Jiading which arrested the Qing troops who later on beheaded him. Xia Shuji chose to seclude herself from outside life to devote herself to religion, and took on the religious name of Shengyin.
During the late Ming, a period of social upheaval, the monastery or convent provided shelter for these women who no longer had protection from a male in their family (a husband, son, or father) due to death, financial constraint, and other situations. However, in most circumstances, women who joined a nunnery did so because they wanted to escape a marriage, or they felt isolated as her husband has died. Such women also had to overcome many difficulties that arose socially from this decision. For most of these women, a convent was seen as a haven to escape their family or an unwanted marriage. Such difficulties were due to the social expectation of the women as it was considered unfilial to leave their duty as a wife, daughter, mother, or daughter in law. There were also cases where individuals were sold by their family to earn money in a convent by reciting sutras and performing Buddhist services because they weren't able to financially support them. Jixing entered a religious life as a young girl because her family had no money to raise her.
Lastly, there were some who joined the Buddhist convent because of a spiritual calling where they found comfort in the religious life, such as Zhang Ruyu. Zhang took the religious name Miaohui, and just before she entered the religious life she wrote the poem below:
Drinking at Rain and Flowers Terrace,
I Compose a Description the Falling Leaves
For viewing the vista, a 1000-chi terrace.
For discussing the mind, a goblet of wine.
A pure frost laces the tips of the trees,
Bronze leaves flirt with the river village.
Following the wave, I float with the oars;
Glory and decay, why sigh over them?
This day, I've happily returned to the source.
Through her poetry, Miaohui (Zhang Ruyu) conveyed the emotions of fully understanding and concluding the difference in the life outside without devotion to religion and the life in a monastery, known as the Buddhist terms between "form and emptiness". Women like Miaohui found happiness and fulfillment in the convent that they could not seek in the outside world. Despite the many reasons for entering the religious life, most women had to obtain permission from a male in their life (father, husband, or son). Most nuns secluded themselves from the outside life away from their family and relatives.
Most nuns participated in religious practices with devotions to many different bodhisattva and Buddha. Some examples of bodhisattvas are Guanyin, Amitabha Buddha, Maitreya, and Pindola. One of the most prominent bodhisattvas in Chinese Buddhism is Guanyin, known as Goddess of Compassion, Mercy, and Love, and a protector and savior for those who worship and needs her aid.
Qing dynasty (1644–1911)
The Qing court endorsed the Gelukpa School of Tibetan Buddhism.
During the devastating Taiping rebellion (December 1850 – August 1864), the Taiping rebels targeted Buddhism destroying temples, and burning Buddhist images and scriptures. In the Battle of Nanjing (1853), the Taiping army butchered thousands of monks in Nanjing. But from the middle of the Taiping rebellion, Taiping leaders took a more moderate approach, demanding that monks should have licences.
Around 1900, Buddhists from other Asian countries showed a growing interest in Chinese Buddhism. Anagarika Dharmapala visited Shanghai in 1893, intending "to make a tour of China, to arouse the Chinese Buddhists to send missionaries to India to restore Buddhism there, and then to start a propaganda throughout the whole world", but eventually limiting his stay to Shanghai. Japanese Buddhist missionaries were active in China in the beginning of the twentieth century.
Republic of China (established 1912)
Pre-Communist Revolution
The modernisation of China led to the end of the Chinese Empire, and the installation of the Republic of China, which lasted on the mainland until the Communist Revolution and the installation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 which also led to the ROC government's exodus to Taiwan.
Under influence of the western culture, attempts were being made to revitalize Chinese Buddhism. Most notable were the Humanistic Buddhism of Taixu and Yin Shun, and the revival of Chinese Chan by Hsu Yun. Hsu Yun is generally regarded as one of the most influential Buddhist teachers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Other Buddhist traditions were similarly revitalized as well. In 1914, Huayan University, the first modern Buddhist monastic school, was founded in Shanghai to further systemize Huayan teachings to monastics and helped to expand the Huayan tradition. The university managed to foster a network of educated monks who focused on Huayan Buddhism during the twentieth century. Through this network, the lineage of the Huayan tradition was transmitted to many monks, which helped to preserve the lineage down to the modern day via new Huayan-centred organizations that these monks would later found. For Tiantai Buddhism, the tradition's lineage (specifically the Lingfeng lineage) was carried from the late Qing into the twentieth century by the monk Dixian. His student, the monk Tanxu (1875–1963), is known for having rebuilt various temples during the Republican era (such as Zhanshan temple in Qingdao) and for preserving the Tiantai lineage into the PRC era. Other influential teachers in the early twentieth century included Pure land Buddhist master Shi Yinguang and Vinaya master Hong Yi. Upasaka Zhao Puchu had worked very hard on the revival.
Until 1949, monasteries were built in the Southeast Asian countries, for example by monks of Guanghua Monastery, to spread Chinese Buddhism. Presently, Guanghua Monastery has seven branch monasteries in the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia. Several Chinese Buddhist teachers left mainland China during the Communist Revolution, and settled in Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Post-Communist Revolution
After the communist takeover of mainland China, many monastics followed the ROC's exodus to Taiwan. In the latter half of the twentieth century, many new Buddhist temples and organizations were set up by these monastics, which would later come to become influential back in mainland China after the end of the Cultural Revolution.
Four Heavenly Kings
Master Hsing Yun (1927–present) is the founder of Fo Guang Shan monastic order and the Buddha's Light International Association lay organization. Born in Jiangsu Province in mainland China, he entered the Sangha at the age of 12, and came to Taiwan in 1949. He founded Fo Guang Shan monastery in 1967, and the Buddha's Light International Association in 1992. These are among the largest monastic and lay Buddhist organizations in Taiwan from the late twentieth to early twenty-first centuries. He advocates Humanistic Buddhism, which the broad modern Chinese Buddhist progressive attitude towards the religion.
Master Sheng Yen (1930–2009) was the founder of the Dharma Drum Mountain, a Buddhist organization based in Taiwan which mainly advocates for Chan and Pure Land Buddhism. During his time in Taiwan, Sheng Yen was well known as one of the progressive Buddhist teachers who sought to teach Buddhism in a modern and Western-influenced world.
Master Cheng Yen (born 14 May 1937) is a Taiwanese Buddhist nun (bhikkhuni), teacher, and philanthropist. She was a direct student of Master Ying Shun, a major figure in the early development of Humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan. She founded the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, ordinarily referred to as Tzu Chi in 1966. The organization later became one of the largest humanitarian organizations in the world, and the largest Buddhist organization in Taiwan.
Master Wei Chueh was born in 1928 in Sichuan, mainland China, and ordained in Taiwan. In 1982, he founded Lin Quan Temple in Taipei County and became known for his teaching on Chan practices by conducting many lectures and seven-day Chan meditation retreats, and eventually founded the Chung Tai Shan Buddhist order. The order has established more than 90 meditation centers and branches in Taiwan and abroad, including branches in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines, and Thailand.
Huayan
Several new Huayan-centred Buddhist organizations have been established since the latter half of the twentieth century. In contemporary times, the largest and oldest of the Huayan-centered organizations in Taiwan is the Huayan Lotus Society (Huayan Lianshe 華嚴蓮社), which was founded in 1952 by the monk Zhiguang and his disciple Nanting, who were both part of the network fostered by the Huayan University. Since its founding, the Huayan Lotus Society has been centered on the study and practice of the Huayan Sutra. It hosts a full recitation of the sutra twice each year, during the third and tenth months of the lunar calendar. Each year during the eleventh lunar month, the society also hosts a seven-day Huayan Buddha retreat (Huayan foqi 華嚴佛七), during which participants chant the names of the buddhas and bodhisattvas in the text. The society emphasizes the study of the Huayan Sutra by hosting regular lectures on it. In recent decades, these lectures have occurred on a weekly basis. Like other Taiwanese Buddhist organization's, the Society has also diversified its propagation and educational activities over the years. It produces its own periodical and runs its own press. It also now runs a variety of educational programs, including a kindergarten, a vocational college, and short-term courses in Buddhism for college and primary-school students, and offers scholarships. One example is their founding of the Huayan Buddhist College (Huayan Zhuanzong Xueyuan 華嚴專宗學院) in 1975. They have also established branch temples overseas, most notably in California's San Francisco Bay Area. In 1989, they expanded their outreach to the United States of America by formally establishing the Huayan Lotus Society of the United States (Meiguo Huayan Lianshe 美國華嚴蓮社). Like the parent organization in Taiwan, this branch holds weekly lectures on the Huayan Sutra and several annual Huayan Dharma Assemblies where it is chanted. It also holds monthly memorial services for the society's spiritual forebears.
Another Huayan-focused organization is the Huayan Studies Association (Huayan Xuehui 華嚴學會) which was founded in Taipei in 1996 by the monk Jimeng (繼夢), also known as Haiyun (海雲). This was followed in 1999 by the founding of the larger Caotangshan Great Huayan Temple (Caotangshan Da Huayansi 草堂山大華嚴寺). This temple hosts many Huayan-related activities, including a weekly Huayan Assembly. Since 2000, the association has grown internationally, with branches in Australia, Canada, and the United States.
Tangmi
Chinese Esoteric Buddhism is also subject to a revitalization in both Taiwan and China, largely through connections and support from Kongōbu-ji, the head temple of the Kōyasan Shingon-shū (the school of Shingon Buddhism of Mount Kōya) and its affiliate temples.
The revival is mainly propagated by Chinese Buddhist monks who travel to Mount Kōya to be initiated and receive dharma transmission as acharyas in the Shingon tradition and who bring the esoteric teachings and practices back to Taiwan after their training has ended. While some of these Chinese acharyas have chosen to officially remain under the oversight of Kōyasan Shingon-shū and minister as Chinese branches of Japanese Shingon, many other acharyas have chosen to distinguish themselves from Shingon by establishing their own Chinese lineages after their return from Japan. Members from the latter group, while deriving their orthodoxy and legitimacy from Shingon, view themselves as re-establishing a distinctly Chinese tradition of Esoteric Buddhism rather than merely acting as emissaries of Japanese Shingon, in the same way that Kūkai started his own Japanese sect of Esoteric Buddhism after learning it from Chinese teachers. One pertinent example is Master Wuguang (悟光上師), who was initiated as a Shingon acharya in Japan in 1971. He established the Mantra School Bright Lineage the following year in Taiwan, which recognizes itself as a resurrection of the Chinese Esoteric Buddhist transmission rather than a branch of Shingon. Some Tangmi organizations in Taiwan that have resulted from the revival are:
Mantra School Bright Lineage (真言宗光明流), which has branches in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
Zhenyan Samantabhadra Lineage (真言宗普賢流), which is mainly located in Taiwan.
Malaysian Mahā Praṇidhāna Parvata Mantrayāna (马来西亚佛教 真言宗大願山), an offshoot organization of the Mantra School Bright Lineage which is located in Malaysia.
Mahavairocana Temple (大毘盧寺), which has branches in Taiwan and America.
Mount Qinglong Acala Monastery (青龍山不動寺), located in Taiwan.
People's Republic of China (1949—present)
Chinese Buddhist Association
Unlike Catholicism and other branches of Christianity, there was no organization in China that embraced all monastics in China, nor even all monastics within the same sect. Traditionally each monastery was autonomous, with authority resting on each respective abbot. In 1953, the Chinese Buddhist Association was established at a meeting with 121 delegates in Beijing. The meeting also elected a chairman, 4 honorary chairmen, 7 vice-chairmen, a secretary general, 3 deputy secretaries-general, 18 members of a standing committee, and 93 directors. The 4 elected honorary chairmen were the Dalai Lama, the Panchen Lama, the Grand Lama of Inner Mongolia, and Venerable Master Hsu Yun.
Persecution during the Cultural Revolution
Chinese Buddhism suffered extensive repression, persecution and destruction during the Cultural Revolution (from 1966 until Mao Zedong's death in 1976). Maoist propaganda depicted Buddhism as one of the four olds, as a superstitious instrument of the ruling class and as counter-revolutionary. Buddhist Clergy were attacked, disrobed, arrested and sent to camps. Buddhist writings were burned. Buddhist temples, monasteries and art were systematically destroyed and Buddhist lay believers ceased any public displays of their religion.
Reform and opening up – Second Buddhist Revival
Since the implementation of Boluan Fanzheng by Deng Xiaoping, a new revival of Chinese Buddhism began to take place in 1982. Some of the ancient Buddhist temples that were damaged during the Cultural Revolution were allowed to be restored, mainly with the monetary support from oversea Chinese Buddhist groups. Monastic ordination were finally approved but with certain requirements from the government and new Buddhist temples are being built. Monastics who had been imprisoned or driven underground during the revolution were freed and allowed to return to their temples to propagate Buddhist teachings. For example, the monks Zhenchan (真禪) and Mengcan (夢參), who were trained in the Chan and Huayan traditions, travelled widely throughout China as well as other countries such as the United States and lectured on both Chan and Huayan teachings. Haiyun, the monk who founded the Huayan Studies Association in Taiwan, was a tonsured disciple of Mengcan.
Monks who had fled the mainland to Taiwan, Hong Kong or other overseas Chinese communities after the establishment of the People's Republic of China also began to be welcomed back onto the mainland. Buddhist organizations which had been founded by these monks thus began to gain influence, revitalizing the various Buddhist traditions on the mainland. Recently, some Buddhist temples, administered by local governments, became commercialized by sales of tickets, incense, or other religious items; soliciting donations. In response, the State Administration for Religious Affairs announced a crackdown on religious profiteering in October 2012. Many sites have done enough repairs and have already cancelled ticket fares and are receiving voluntary donation instead.
In April 2006 China organized the World Buddhist Forum, an event now held every two years, and in March 2007 the government banned mining on Buddhist sacred mountains. In May of the same year, in Changzhou, the world's tallest pagoda was built and opened. Currently, there are about 1.3 billion Chinese living in the People's Republic. Surveys have found that around 18.2% to 20% of this population adheres to Buddhism. Furthermore, PEW found that another 21% of the Chinese population followed Chinese folk religions that incorporated elements of Buddhism.
Revival of Buddhist traditions
One example of the revitalization of Buddhist traditions on the mainland is the expansion of Tiantai Buddhism. The monk Dixian was a lineage holder in Tiantai Buddhism during the early twentieth century. During the Chinese Civil War, various dharma heirs of Dixian moved to Hong Kong, including Tanxu and Baojing. They helped establish the Tiantai tradition in Hong Kong, where it remains a strong living tradition today, being preserved by their dharma heirs. After the reforms in mainland China, Baojing's dharma heir, Jueguang, helped to transmit the lineage back to mainland China, as well as other countries including Korea, Indonesia, Singapore and Taiwan. The monk Yixing (益行), a dharma heir of Dixian who was the forty-seventh generation lineage holder of Tiantai Buddhism, was appointed as the acting abbot of Guoqing Temple and helped to restore Guanzong Temple, both of which remain major centres of Tiantai Buddhism in China.
Chinese Esoteric Buddhism was also revived on the mainland, similar to the situation in Taiwan. Organizations and temples propagating this tradition in China include Daxingshan Temple in Xi'an, Qinglong Temple in Xi'an, Yuanrong Buddhist Academy (圓融佛學院) in Hong Kong as well as Xiu Ming Society (修明堂), which is located primarily in Hong Kong, but also has branches in mainland China and Taiwan.
Over the years, more and more Buddhist organizations have been approved to operate in the mainland. One example is the Taiwan-based organizations Tzu Chi Foundation and Fo Guang Shan, which were approved to open a branch in mainland China in March 2008.
Chinese Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Chinese Buddhism is mainly practiced by Overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia.
Chinese Buddhism in the West
The first Chinese master to teach Westerners in North America was Hsuan Hua, who taught Chan and other traditions of Chinese Buddhism in San Francisco during the early 1960s. He went on to found the City Of Ten Thousand Buddhas, a monastery and retreat center located on a 237-acre (959,000 m2) property near Ukiah, California. Chuang Yen Monastery and Hsi Lai Temple are also large centers.
Sheng Yen also founded dharma centers in the US.
With the rapid increase of immigrants from mainland China to Western countries in the 1980s, the landscape of the Chinese Buddhism in local societies has also changed over time. Based on fieldwork research conducted in France, some scholars categorize three patterns in the collective Buddhism practice among Chinese Buddhists in France: An ethnolinguistic immigrant group, a transnational organizational system, and information technology. These distinctions are made according to the linkages of globalization.
In the first pattern, religious globalization is a product of immigrants' transplantation of local cultural traditions. For example, people of similar immigration experiences establish a Buddha hall (佛堂) within the framework of their associations for collective religious activities.
The second pattern features the transnational expansion of a large institutionalized organization centered on a charismatic leader, such as Fo Guang Shan (佛光山), Tzu Chi (慈濟) and Dharma Drum Mountain (法鼓山).
In the third pattern, religious globalization features the use of information technology such as websites, blogs, Emails and social media to ensure direct interaction between members in different places and between members and their leader. The Buddhist organization led by Jun Hong Lu is a typical example of this kind of group.
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
Chen, Kenneth Kuan Sheng. Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1964.
Han Yu. Sources of Chinese Tradition. c. 800.
Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd centuries CE. John E. Hill. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. .
Liebenthal, Walter. Chao Lun – The Treatises of Seng-Chao Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong University Press, 1968.
Liebenthal, Walter. Was ist chinesischer Buddhismus Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft, 1952 Was ist chinesischer Buddhismus
Mullin, Glenn H. The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnations (2001) Clear Light Publishers. .
Saunders, Kenneth J. (1923). "Buddhism in China: A Historical Sketch", The Journal of Religion, Vol. 3.2, pp. 157–169; Vol. 3.3, pp. 256–275.
Welch, Holmes. The Practice of Chinese Buddhism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1967.
Welch, Holmes. The Buddhist Revival in China. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1968.
Welch, Holmes. Buddhism under Mao. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1972.
China
History of Buddhism in Asia |
Everybody Dance Now is the third album from Crazy Frog, released on 25 August 2009. "Daddy DJ", "Cha Cha Slide", and "Safety Dance" were the three singles released from the album. In France, they respectively peaked at #4 and #18 on the SNEP chart, and the album reached #23.
Track listing
Based on Discogs:
References
2009 albums
Crazy Frog albums
Ministry of Sound albums |
Robert James Mattick (December 5, 1915 – December 16, 2004) was an American professional baseball player, scout, and manager. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop for the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds. After his playing career, he most notably worked in the Toronto Blue Jays organization, including two seasons as the team's manager.
Playing career
Born in Sioux City, Iowa, Mattick was the son of outfielder Wally Mattick, who played for the Chicago White Sox in 1912 and 1913 and the St. Louis Cardinals in 1918. Bobby played only one season as a regular with the Chicago Cubs in 1940, although he played for the Cubs from 1938 to 1940 and the Cincinnati Reds in 1941 and 1942. Hampered in 1936 by a foul ball which cracked his skull above his right eye and caused double vision, he was a career .233 hitter with no home runs and 64 RBIs in 206 games.
Post-playing career
Mattick began his managerial career in the Southern League in 1944 and 1945.
From 1946 to 1978, Mattick worked for nine different baseball organizations including as a scout for the Reds, Houston Astros, Milwaukee Brewers and Montreal Expos. He was credited by some baseball personnel as an incomparable longtime scout and player development specialist, signing such stars as Frank Robinson, Vada Pinson, Curt Flood, Rusty Staub, Don Baylor, and Gary Carter.
One of the Blue Jays' original employees in its inaugural season, Bobby joined the team in 1976 as the scouting supervisor, and helped draft the expansion Blue Jays.
In 1978 Mattick was appointed the director of player development. 1980 saw him take over the role of manager from Roy Hartsfield, the Blue Jays' original manager, becoming the oldest rookie manager to start a season at 64. Mattick turned down the job several times before finally accepting; he had initially wanted to manage the team only if he could wear his regular business clothing while in the dugout, rather than a uniform. This would have made him the first manager to not wear a uniform since Connie Mack retired in the early 1950s, but the Blue Jays insisted that Mattick wear a uniform.
The Blue Jays had their best season of their young existence in 1980, missing the 100-loss mark for the first time and finishing at 67–95. The following season was interrupted by the 1981 MLB strike, and the Blue Jays improved their winning percentage but still finished in last place in the American League East division in both halves of the season. Mattick was offered the opportunity to continue managing the Blue Jays for a third season, but elected to step down.
Following the 1981 season and a 104–164 career record during his two-year tenure as manager, Mattick continued to work in the organization as executive co-ordinator of baseball operations before his promotion to vice president of baseball in 1984.
Mattick played a key administrative role in scouting and development, leading to the Blue Jays' five AL East division championships, and World Series crowns in and .
Mattick was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999, and the club renamed its spring training complex the Bobby Mattick Training Center at Englebert Complex in 2003. He was part of the Blue Jays' delegation at the 2004 Winter Meetings in Anaheim, California.
Mattick died 11 days after his 89th birthday after suffering a stroke at his Scottsdale, Arizona, home. Mattick's wife Jackie had died about two years previously. They had no children.
Managerial record
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
References
External links
1915 births
2004 deaths
American expatriate baseball people in Canada
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Sean Michael Turrell is a director of music videos and documentary television. He has directed videos for Canadian bands such as Billy Talent, Lights, Protest the Hero, Hedley, MSTRKRFT, Blue Rodeo, Great Lake Swimmers, Magneta Lane and Sum 41. He has also directed videos for Hawksley Workman, Michael Bublé, David Usher, Brendan Canning, Buck 65, Tegan and Sara and Good Charlotte.
He has been nominated for several MMVAs (Much Music Video Awards). His video for Billy Talent's "Try Honesty" won the 2004 Best Rock Video award at the MMVAs and "River Below" won the Best Video, and Best Rock Video awards at the 2005 MMVAs. His video for Hedley's "Cha-Ching" won Pop Video of the Year in 2010. He is also winner of a Juno Award for Best Video 2001 for Hawksley Workman's "Jealous of Your Cigarette". He has also made an appearance on MuchMusic's half-hour show Video On Trial as a juror, as well as an appearance on the 2006 VJ Search, and as a member of 90's art rocker band Misha Forke.
Sean's television direction includes the National Parks Project, Discovery Network's Invention Nation, Murder In Paradise, and Lifetime Network's two-hour documentary Colleen Stan: Girl In The Box.
His debut dramatic short film Follow, starring Rookie Blue's Gregory Smith, was produced by Rhombus Media and was nominated for a Golden Sheaf award for Best Canadian Drama at the Yorkton Film Festival. His second short film Odessa won the Grand Jury Prize at the Gasparilla International Film Festival, a Jury Award at the Santa Fe Film Festival, and the Silver Remi Award at WorldFest Houston.
He is currently a film and television writer represented by Anonymous Content in Los Angeles.
References
Canadian music video directors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Juno Award for Video of the Year winners |
Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) is a collaborative project to completely overhaul European airspace and its air traffic management (ATM). The actual program is managed by the SESAR Joint Undertaking as a public–private partnership (PPP).
Project
The SESAR project is composed of three phases:
a Definition phase (2004–2008) to deliver an ATM master plan defining the content, development, and deployment plans of the next generation of ATM systems. This definition phase is led by Eurocontrol, and co-funded by the European Commission under the Trans-European Transport Networks program and executed by a large consortium of all air transport stakeholders.
a Development phase (2008–2013), to produce the required new generation of technological systems and components as defined in the definition phase. This phase (budget: 2.1 billion euro) is managed by the SESAR Joint Undertaking.
a Deployment phase (2014–2020), for large-scale production and implementation of the new air traffic management infrastructure, composed of fully harmonized and interoperable components which guarantee high-performance air transport activities in Europe.
SESAR's target concept relies on several new key features:
the network operation plan, a dynamic rolling plan for continuous operations that ensures a common view of the network situation;
full integration of airport operations as part of ATM and the planning process;
trajectory management, reducing the constraints of airspace organisation to a minimum;
new aircraft separation modes, allowing increased safety, capacity and efficiency;
system-wide information management (SWIM), securely connecting all the ATM stakeholders which will share the same data;
humans as the central decision-makers: controllers and pilots will be assisted by new automated functions to ease their workload and handle complex decision-making processes.
The SESAR project has a parallel in the NextGen project within the United States.
History
In the 20th century, unlike United States, Europe did not have a single civilian airspace – i.e., one in which air navigation is managed at the European level. Furthermore, European airspace is among the busiest in the world with over 33,000 flights daily and airport density in Europe is very high. This makes air traffic control more complex.
The EU Single European Sky (SES) legislature was drawn to overcome the air control management's fragmentation and flight capacity limitation by structuring airspace and air navigation services at a pan-European level.
To develop the needed technological capacity, the SESAR program was initiated in 2004 as a continuation of a smaller effort by the Eurocontrol SESAME project.
In June 2010, European and American authorities reached a preliminary agreement on interoperability between their future air traffic management systems, SESAR and NextGen.
SESAR Deployment Phase was launched on December 5, 2014. This is seen as a key milestone of the SESAR project: a partnership agreement was signed by EU's Transport Commissioner Violeta Bulc and the SESAR Deployment Alliance consortium.
Dates
November 2000: establishment of the SES regulation.
2004: SESAR definition phase started.
June 2008: SES-II regulation adopted.
8 December 2008: inauguration of the SESAR Joint Undertaking.
3 June 2009: official start of the SESAR development programme.
12 June 2009: SESAR Joint Undertaking signs agreement with 16 partners totalling €1.9 billion for the creation of the Europe's future ATM system.
19 July 2010: SESAR Joint Undertaking opens to Associate partners.
8 March 2011: The first SESAR Release during the SESAR Forum at ATC Global in Amsterdam.
October 2012: European ATM Master Plan – Edition 2 was issued as pdf
See also
Single European Sky
References
Bibliography
Single European Sky (SES)
The European ATM Master plan
SESAR Joint Undertaking Top Management speaking at the Forum on Integration & Harmonization of NextGen and SESAR in Montreal
External links
SESAR Joint Undertaking website
Projects established in 2004
European Commission projects
Air traffic control in Europe
Air traffic control organizations
International aviation organizations
Information technology organizations based in Europe |
County Hall () is a municipal facility on Castle Hill in Carmarthen, Wales. The building, which is the headquarters of Carmarthenshire County Council, is a Grade II listed building.
History
Following the implementation of the Local Government Act 1888, which established county councils in every county, it became necessary to find a home for Carmarthenshire County Council. The county council initially met in Llandovery and then moved to Bank House on Spilman Street in Carmarthen in 1907. After finding that the Spilman Street facilities were too cramped, county leaders decided to procure modern facilities. The site selected had been occupied by the old Carmarthen gaol, which had originally been designed by John Nash and built on part of the Carmarthen Castle site in 1792.
The construction began with the demolition of the old gaol which took place in 1936. The construction work on new building, which was designed by Percy Thomas in the French Renaissance style and built by W.T. Nicholls of Gloucester, was delayed by the advent of the Second World War and was not completed until 1955. It was officially opened in 1956. The design, which used grey Forest of Dean stone, involved a symmetrical main frontage of fifteen bays facing north; the central section of five bays featured a doorway with a stone surround containing heraldic devices carved by David Evans and a metal balcony and French doors on the first floor; there were also metal balconies and French doors on the first floor in the end bays which were curved, turreted and projected forwards. Internally, the principal room was the council chamber. The building was described by Cadw as "one of the most notable mid 20th century public buildings in Wales by a leading Welsh architect".
After the implementation of the Local Government Act 1972, the new building became the home of Dyfed County Council in 1974. On 1 April 1996, under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, Dyfed County Council was broken up and the building became the headquarters of the new Carmarthenshire County Council. The Earl of Wessex visited County Hall on 17 October 2002 in his capacity as a trustee of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award. In August 2018 a six-metre statue sculpture of a bike designed by "Wild Creations" was erected at the south west corner of building as part of the preparations for the Tour of Britain the route of which went past County Hall on the way from Pembrey Country Park to Llandovery.
Works of art in the building include a painting by the Welsh artist, Evan Walters, depicting Eve in the Garden of Eden.
References
Grade II listed buildings in Carmarthenshire
County halls in Wales
Government buildings completed in 1955 |
Bellak () is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
George Bellak (1919–2002), American television writer
James Bellak (1813–1891), American musician
Laszlo Bellak (1911–2006), Hungarian table tennis player
Leopold Bellak (1916–2000), American psychologist
Hungarian-language surnames |
Brett Woods (born 4 April 1963) is an Australian former soccer player who played as a defender.
Career
Woods played his club football for Sydney City and Sydney United in the National Soccer League.
In 1981, he played one match for Australia against Indonesia.
References
1963 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Men's association football defenders
Australia men's international soccer players
Hakoah Sydney City East FC players
Sydney United 58 FC players
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Pablo César Pachón Henao (born 8 October 1983) is a Colombian retired football defender.
Career
Pachón began his playing career with Independiente Santa Fe in 2001. He joined Patriotas F.C. in 2009.
Pachón partnered with José de la Cuesta in central defense at the Colombia national under-20 football team at the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship in UAE, where Colombia finished fourth. Between 2005 and 2006 he made four appearances for the Colombia national team.
References
External links
BDFA profile
1983 births
Living people
Colombian men's footballers
Colombia men's international footballers
Colombia men's under-20 international footballers
Independiente Santa Fe footballers
Patriotas Boyacá footballers
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Bogotá
21st-century Colombian people |
Berts bekymmer () is a diary novel, written by Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson and originally published in 1994. It tells the story of Bert Ljung during the calendar year he turns 15 during the autumn term in the 9th grade at school in Sweden. The book only uses chapter titles, but no names. The book also introduces a new concept, "Dagens dikt" ("Poem of the day"), a poem connected to the chapter plot.
Book cover
The book depicts a short-haired Bert, wearing a red sweater, sitting on a stool at Christmastime looking into the mirror. His pet turtle Ove lies on his neck. Next to a Christmas tree, with its roots placed in a jar, and on the floor is a broken, heart-shaped, gingerbread with the letters B + G (Bert + Gabriella).
Plot
Bert has started the 9th grade at school, and has love problems. No longer, he feels ashamed for liking Gabriella, since she has started the 7th grade. Before a PE lesson, the girls of the class have forgotten closing their door to the changing room. Bert walks past, staring, when suddenly Sanna shows up and pulls up Bert's shorts.
Åke has fallen in love with Isabella Riez in class 9F, who comes from El Salvador, and hates Europe meaning they started up everything mean on Earth, like colonies, black slave, industry and English (a school subject where Åke has bad notes). In class 9F, Åke also has a friend called Douglas.
At a toilet, Bert notices someone has written a telephone number to call once you want to have sex. Calls, and think Gabriella is behind, but soon learns it's the number to Travtjänst.
Klimpen makes a short return from Motala, now as a member of religious organization "Lennarts ord", before returning to Motala. In Heman Hunters, it's fought over which music the band will play.
Åke turns 15 years old and gets a moped.
Bert's classmate gets cancer, but the doctors managed to save him, and Bert and his friends visit him at the hospital. Meanwhile, Beckaskolan is appointed Sweden's most moldy school.
Around Saint Lucy's Day, Bert writes over Åke driving engine tuned moped, and throws it into the lake of Nöckeln, later reporting it stolen. Bert also joins the school choir because Gabriella does.
Bert also describes the market day Höstskojet in Öreskoga, when the guys they have teased last year now want revenge, but this year Björna isn't there to defend them, since he is a hospital. At the market is also a "test your might"-punching ball, where Bert gets two points and is appointed "-En fjärt" ("-a flart"), while Hannu Vresi Määrkku in class 7D wins with 390 points, and is appointed "superstarkt muskelberg" ("superstrong muscle-mountain"). Bert also loses an amateur wrestling match against Lill-Erik.
Bert also visits Dalecarlia for a bass seminar, and being out of money, he stands alone by the country road hitchhiking home. Hoping to ride with some hot girls, but instead encounters a German family with an Audi car on their way to Öreskoga to visit some friends, dropping off Bert at the town square.
The book closes on Christmas Eve (24 December). Bert has gotten a parcel with condoms by his grandmother for Christmas present. Bert also talks over telephone with Nadja. Nadja thinks Bert has grown, and reminds Bert over feeling ashamed for his name, pretending his name was Åke (see Berts dagbok).
Trivia
In this book, Bert uses Charlie Tjenis a major nickname for his penis, not Vilde Bill (Wild Bill) as usual.
See also
:sv:Figurer i Bert-serien (Characters in the "Bert" series; in Swedish)
References
Bert och badbrudarna, Rabén & Sjögren, 1993
1994 children's books
Sequel novels
Bert books
Rabén & Sjögren books
1994 Swedish novels |
Pentagonothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.
Species
Pentagonothrips antennalis
References
Phlaeothripidae
Thrips
Thrips genera |
Alfredo Adolfo Fioravanti (1886–1963) was an Italian sculptor, who was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
References
Authenticity in Art: The Scientific Detection of Forgery by Stuart James Fleming
1886 births
1963 deaths
Place of birth missing
20th-century Italian sculptors
20th-century Italian male artists
Italian male sculptors
Art forgers |
The 1987 World Women's Hockey Tournament was held April 21–26, 1987, in North York, Toronto, Ontario. It was the first major world tournament for national women's ice hockey teams and was the first unofficial tournament before the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) launched the Women's World Championship in 1990. The Ontario Women's Hockey Association (OWHA) hosted the tournament and director Fran Rider is credited as the driving force behind the event's success. The six-day tournament was held at the North York Centennial Arena, now called the Carnegie Centennial Centre.
Delegates from the participating nations and five additional countries met during the tournament to establish a strategy to lobby the International Ice Hockey Federation for the creation of a Women's World Championship. The success of the tournament and the positive reports presented to the IIHF gave women's ice hockey the legitimacy needed to pave the way for the creation of the modern Women's World Championship.
Team Canada won the tournament defeating Team Ontario by 4–0 in the final game. The championship trophy was named the Hazel McCallion World Cup, in honor of Mississauga mayor and women's ice hockey advocate Hazel McCallion.
Teams
The following teams played at the tournament. It is assumed that these teams were selected on an invitational basis, but that is not confirmed.
Ontario
was scheduled to participate but pulled out shortly before the tournament, possibly due to displeasure with the choice to not allow body checking.
The Swedish team was able to travel to and participate in the tournament because of the sponsorship of Toronto Maple Leafs defenceman, Börje Salming.
Venue
The six-day tournament was held at the North York Centennial Arena, now called the Carnegie Centennial Centre.
Format
The seven participating teams played in a single round robin tournament format. The top four teams from the group proceeded to the Medal Round, while the remaining teams played in the placement games.
Games were 45 minutes long, three periods of fifteen minutes each.
Group stage
Round robin
Standings
Results
Playoff stage
Placing Round
5th/6th-place game
Medal round
Semi-finals
Bronze-medal game
Final
Champions
Final standings
Awards
References
IIHF Women's World Ice Hockey Championships
World
1987
April 1987 sports events in Canada
Women's ice hockey competitions in Canada
1987 in Ontario
1987 in women's sport
Ice hockey competitions in Toronto |
The House of the Binns, or simply the Binns, is a historic house in West Lothian, Scotland, the seat of the Dalyell family (pronounced dee el). It dates from the early 17th century, and was the home of Tam Dalyell until his death in January 2017.
The estate spreads over two hills (bens in Gaelic) from which its name is derived, i.e. it is named "the house of the hills". It is set in 200 acres (80 hectares) of parkland, and the house enjoys panoramic views of central Scotland: to the north, across the River Forth to the Highlands, and south over the Pentland Hills. The house contains a collection of porcelain, furniture, and portraits which trace the family's lives and interests through the centuries.
History of the Estate
Perhaps inhabited since prehistoric times, Binns Hill may have been the site of a Pictish fort.
Written records begin in 1335, and record a land of the "Bynnis". There was certainly a manor house here by 1478, when records indicate the owner was an Archibald Meldrum, son of the late James Meldrum of the Bynnis. In 1599, it was owned by James Lord Lyndsay, who sold it to Sir William Livingston of Kilsyth.
In 1612 the estate was purchased by a wealthy and well-connected Edinburgh burgess, Thomas Dalyell. Dalyell was a butter merchant, who had become prosperous importing butter from Orkney to Leith (to be sold as axle grease). In 1601, he had married the daughter of Edward, Lord Kinloss and, when the Scots King, James VI, ascended to the English throne and Kinloss was made his Master of the Rolls in London, Dalyell obtained the lucrative post of deputy. In that senior position, he acquired enough of a fortune to return to Scotland and join the landed gentry. He bought "the lands of Bynnis and Croceflattis wirth the manor place thereof", and the Dalyell family have lived there ever since. Between 1621 and 1630, this Thomas Dalyell rebuilt the original house, and parts of the interior still reflect that period; in particular the north-west portion of the present entrance front, and decoration of the High Hall and King's Room (created in the hope of a visit from Charles I, which never came to be). These rooms still contain examples of some of the earliest cornices and mouldings in Scotland. Thomas Dalyell's more famous son, the Royalist General Sir Tam Dalyell continued the development of the house, adding the first of the towers, and the western range.
Today the house principally reflects its extensions of the mid 18th and early 19th century. In the 1740s, Robert Dalyell added the dining-room and a morning room, whilst around 1810, the architect William Burn (1789–1870) adapted the building to the Scottish baronial style, adding further towers and mock battlements. Some of the Gothic exterior decoration was inspired by Walter Scott, who was a friend of the Dalyell family. Today, the building is three-storey at the main north facade, with two-storey wings.
In 1944, the house, its parkland, its contents, and an endowment for its upkeep were given to the National Trust for Scotland by Eleanor Dalyell. The charter she granted states that the "history, legend and memory of the family of Dalyell of the Binns, shall be preserved..." for the benefit and enjoyment of the nation. However, the right of the family to reside in the house was retained. The former MP for Linlithgow and "Father of the House", Sir Tam Dalyell (1932–2017), lived in the western range of the house. His widow, Kathleen, is the National Trust's representative for the House of the Binns and heavily involved in its maintenance.
General Tam o' the Binns
The house's main historic claim to fame is the occupancy of General Sir Tam Dalyell (1615–1685). Dalyell served as a military commander for both Charles I and Charles II. During the Civil War, he was taken prisoner by the parliamentarians at the battle of Worcester and imprisoned in the Tower of London. However, he escaped and travelled to Russia where he fought for the Tsar — earning the epithet "Muscovite De'il". He returned to Scotland at the Restoration of the king, and secured his feared reputation (as "Bluidy Tam") by his violent suppression of the Covenanters from the 1660s. In 1678, he became Commander-in-Chief in Scotland and, in 1681, he mustered a new regiment at the Binns, becoming its first colonel. That Regiment, the Royal Regiment of Scots Dragoons, which later became the Royal Scots Greys in 1877, was to have itself a long history. Many artefacts belonging to General Dalyell (including his boots) are still located at the Binns. Some are connected with the fairly dubious stories that have grown up around him. In this house, the General is said to have played cards with the Devil: and today, in the entrance (or Laigh) hall, the very table on which he is supposed to have played can still be seen. The story goes that, although the devil normally beat Tam, one night Tam won, and in fury the Devil threw a marble table at him. However, it missed and it landed in the Sergeants' Pond outside. A marble table was indeed found when the pond dried up 200 years later. The cards, goblet and spoon, supposedly used in the game are displayed in the house. The General is said to have told the Devil, who threatened to blow down his house and its walls, that "I will build me a turret at every corner to pin down my walls".
The Parkland
The house is set in of parkland, and approached by two drives: the current west drive, and main east drive that has been disused since 1913. The category "B" listed folly Binns Tower is situated at the highest point of the park, Binns Hill. It was designed by Alexander Allan in 1826, allegedly as the result of a wager placed with the then owner, Sir James Dalyell. On the west side of Binns Hill is a woodland garden with walks through it to the tower. Beneath the escarpment to the south-west of the Tower is General Tam's cave, supposedly used by him for meditation.
In addition to the folly, the park contains a number of other important features. Off the west drive is a derelict stables complex (built before 1818) and a walled garden. The walled garden, constructed at an unknown date, served as a kitchen garden until World War II. It was used previous by a contractor as a tree and shrub nursery, although part was also used to provide flowers for the house. Towards the west drive is the remains of an old quarry (believed to be pre 19th century). Also near the west drive is the Sergeant's Pond, which was constructed circa 1681 as a watering place for the horses of the Royal Scots Greys by General Dalyell. The pond was also used again as a watering place for the Royal Scots Greys regiment in 1935 when they were encamped at the Binns.
In a valley in the south-east corner of the park lies a ruined former mid 19th century chapel that eventually became a farmers cottage. A caravan park was established in 1978 in the valley beside the Errick burn and a small woodland area. The caravan park has since closed.
See also
Dalyell baronets
List of National Trust for Scotland properties
References
External links
National Trust for Scotland
Gazetteer for Scotland
National Trust for Scotland properties
Castles in West Lothian
Country houses in West Lothian
Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
Historic house museums in West Lothian
Category A listed buildings in West Lothian |
Oksana Petrovna Grigorieva (; born 23 February 1970) is a Russian singer-songwriter and pianist. She studied music in Moscow and completed conservatoire studies in Kazan, before moving to London. After studying music at the Royal Academy of Music, she moved to the United States, with periods spent living in New York City and Los Angeles, California. She taught music in the U.S., and patented a technique of teaching musical notation to children.
Grigorieva gained attention as a songwriter in 2006, after a song that she wrote, "Un día llegará", became popular on the Josh Groban album Awake. In 2009, Grigorieva's album Beautiful Heartache was released; the actor and director Mel Gibson, with whom she was romantically involved and had a child, served as executive producer. The following year, the couple had a widely publicized falling-out that eventually involved highly public legal proceedings and acrimony.
Early life
Grigorieva was born Oksana Petrovna Chernukha in Saransk, Mordovian ASSR in 1970. Her parents were both music professors. She grew up in Ukraine and Russia, and at the age of 15 moved to Moscow to attend university to learn piano. She said of the experience learning music as a child, "Diplomas were everything. It wasn't unusual for students to play ten hours a day. Our skin would start to crack. We'd literally have bleeding fingers." Grigorieva finished conservatoire studies in Kazan.
She moved to London where she continued her studies and taught music to others. Grigorieva studied music at the Royal College of Music. While in London she worked as a model; having been spotted by photographer Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield. Grigorieva noted, "In order to support myself I started to model. I did a lot of it, print, mostly. I've always looked after myself. I've never been dependent on anyone financially." In the U.K. she worked under the name Sacha Chernuha before changing it to Oksana Grigorieva. Grigorieva subsequently moved to the United States, and spent time living in New York City and Los Angeles, California. She taught music in the U.S., and patented a technique of teaching musical notation to children. Grigorieva composed and performed music, and produced works for theatre and advertisements.
Music career
Grigorieva gained attention as a songwriter in 2006, after the song that she wrote, "Un día llegará" (Translated from Spanish: A Day Will Come), became popular on the Josh Groban album, Awake. Las Vegas Review-Journal highlighted "Un día llegará" in particular in a review of Groban's album Awake, commenting, "Groban's most effective tunes tend to be his most unadorned, when he favors understatement over ostentation, such as on the flickering piano ballad 'Lullaby' or the tremulous slow burn of 'Un día llegará,' with its touches of flamenco guitar." Prior to singing "Un día llegará" at a 2007 live performance, the song was "endorsed as a beauty" by Groban, in a statement to his fans. In a review of Awake, the Philippine Daily Inquirer called "Un día llegará" an "outstanding track". Fred Shuster of Los Angeles Daily News reviewed the album, and commented, "The gorgeous 'Un día llegará,' opening with a sweep of guitar, sets the mood for romantic highlights to come".
In 2009, Grigorieva's music album Beautiful Heartache was released; Mel Gibson supplementing her music career at the time by serving as executive producer. The album includes 11 tracks, and features a cover of the Russian song "Dark Eyes" and a collaboration with Charlie Midnight. Beautiful Heartache was marketed as "grown-up, piano-led pop, heavy on classical motifs". Save for the song "Say My Name", which was co-written with Gibson, Grigorieva wrote the entire album on her own. "Say My Name" was included in the 2010 film Edge of Darkness. ABC News reported that Beautiful Heartache garnered the singer "rave reviews" from music critics. Reuters commented of the album, "'Beautiful Heartache' features a collection of wistful love songs, blending shimmering string arrangements with pop and jazz-influenced arrangements that showcase Grigorieva's soulful voice." In a review of the album, Jack Foley of IndieLondon gave it a rating of 4 out of 5, and observed, "throughout, she displays a keen ear for melody, for honest emotional simplicity and classic values. She’s well worth taking the time to check out".
In December 2012 it was revealed Grigorieva was taking a detour into hip hop and dance music, scheduled for release in 2013.
Personal life
Grigorieva was married in 1989 for three months to Russian lawyer Igor Baranov. In 1992, she married British artist Nicholas Rowland. She had a relationship with James Bond actor Timothy Dalton; Grigorieva met Dalton in 1995 while she was employed as a translator for filmmaker Nikita Mikhalkov. Dalton and Grigorieva had a son together (born August 1997) named Alexander. Their relationship ended in 2003.
Grigorieva has been involved in charity work with Chernobyl Children's Project International in Belarus.
Relationship and breakup with Mel Gibson
Starting in 2007, Grigorieva was romantically involved with actor Mel Gibson, and their daughter Lucia was born on 30 October 2009. The couple separated in April 2010. In June 2010, Grigorieva obtained a restraining order against Gibson, after stating he had physically assaulted her. Gibson was barred from coming near Grigorieva or their daughter. In July 2010, Gibson was identified as a possible suspect in a domestic violence investigation initiated after detectives spoke in Malibu to Grigorieva. Grigorieva and Gibson were involved in a child custody dispute involving their daughter in a confidential court case.
In 2010, Gibson offered a settlement worth approximately $15 million, but it was refused by Grigorieva. In May 2011, Oksana Grigorieva dropped claims of domestic abuse against Gibson. In August 2011, Grigorieva settled with Gibson and was awarded $750,000, joint legal custody, and a house in Sherman Oaks, California to live in until their daughter Lucia turns 18, at which point the house will be sold and the proceeds turned into a trust fund for Lucia.
In 2013, Grigorieva sued her attorneys, accusing them of advising her to sign a bad agreement, including one with Gibson that states that if she took legal action against him, her previous settlement would be compromised. In 2014, a judge ruled that Oksana had violated a confidentiality clause due to a conversation she had on the Howard Stern radio show where Gibson was mentioned; she lost half of her $750,000 award.
Discography
"Un día llegará", Josh Groban album, Awake (2006)
Beautiful Heartache, executive produced by Mel Gibson (2009)
Notes
References
External links
1970 births
Feminist musicians
Living people
Russian expatriates in the United States
Russian feminists
Russian women pianists
Russian classical pianists
Russian women singer-songwriters
Russian singer-songwriters
21st-century Russian women singers
21st-century pianists
21st-century women pianists |
Un uomo in ginocchio (internationally released as A Man on His Knees) is a 1979 Italian crime-drama film directed by Damiano Damiani. For his performance Giuliano Gemma won the Grolla d'oro for Best Actor.
Cast
Giuliano Gemma: Nino Peralta
Michele Placido: Platamona
Eleonora Giorgi: Peralta's wife
Tano Cimarosa: Colicchia
Ettore Manni: Don Vincenzo Fabbricante
Luciano Catenacci: Policeman
Nello Pazzafini: Patranka
Nazzareno Zamperla
References
External links
1979 films
Italian crime drama films
Films directed by Damiano Damiani
1979 crime drama films
1970s Italian films |
"Chocolate" is the fifth episode of the first season of Masters of Horror. It originally aired in North America on November 25, 2005. It was directed by Mick Garris and based on his short story.
Plot
A divorced young man Jamie (Henry Thomas) who develops artificial flavorings begins witnessing and experiencing the sights, smells and sounds of a woman he's never met starting with the taste of chocolate in his mouth. Troubled by these sudden experiences, he soon witnesses the woman murdering her former artist lover by stabbing and slashing his chest. Determined to find his mystery mate, his search leads to Catherine (Lucie Laurier), a beautiful Canadian woman who is suspicious of his actions. They become closer until Catherine attempts to murder him due to the psychological and psychosexual experiences that she also feels and doesn't enjoy the fact someone she doesn't know can feel what she can. In an attempt to save himself, he suddenly sees through Catherine's eyes at the wrong moment, killing her when he randomly shoots her.
The entire episode revolves around Jamie's story of the circumstances to the cops that interrogate him of the events that led to the murder. He states that he "knew what it felt like to die" when Catherine did and that it all happened because his life was so empty and hers was so full.
Cast
Henry Thomas as Jamie
Lucie Laurier as Catherine
Stacy Grant as Vanessa
Leah Graham as Elaine
Matt Frewer as Wally
DVD and Blu-ray
The DVD was released by Anchor Bay Entertainment on May 9, 2006. The episode was the fifth episode and the fourth to be released on DVD. The episode appears on the fourth volume of the Blu-ray compilation of the series.
Sources
Review for Chocolate at Dread Central
Review for Chocolate at Slant Magazine
References
External links
2005 American television episodes
Masters of Horror episodes |
Petr Bohačík is a professional Czech basketball player playing for BK JIP Pardubice. He was twice honoured to be part of All Star Game (2007 and 2011). He has been a member of the Czech Republic national basketball team, competing in the 2005 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, 2009 EuroBasket, and the 2011 EuroBasket.
Bohačík started the 2010–11 season strongly, scoring 88 points in his first 8 matches, including 19 points against Svitavy, and being singled out by Czech news agency iDNES.cz as star of the league. He went on to score 15 points for Pardubice in a 70–50 win over Děčín in March 2011. He finished the season being nominated for the All Star Game.
References
External links
Profile at eurobasket.com
1985 births
Living people
Czech men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Sportspeople from Opava |
NHL Network may refer to:
NHL Network (American TV channel)
NHL Network (Canadian TV channel)
The NHL Network (1975–79)
See also
National Hockey League on television |
Debacle: The First Decade is a compilation released by Violent Femmes in 1990.
Track listing
Personnel
Violent Femmes
Gordon Gano – vocals, guitar
Brian Ritchie – bass, vocals
Victor DeLorenzo – drums, vocals
Charts
References
Violent Femmes compilation albums
1990 compilation albums
Slash Records compilation albums |
Gianetto Cordegliaghi or Gianetto Cordella Aghi, also called il Cordella, (Early 16th century) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Venice.
He was a pupil of Giovanni Bellini. He died young. He painted a portrait of Cardinal Bessarion and his Reliquary, commissioned by the Scuola di Santa Maria della Carita, and probably based on a lost work by Bellini, also commissioned by Ulisse Aliotti in 1472. The painting is now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia of Venice.
References
16th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Painters from Venice
Italian Renaissance painters |
Vexillum mutabile, common name the changeable mitre, is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.
Description
The length of the shell attains 19 mm.
(Original description) The shell is abbreviately fusiform. The spire is turreted, sometimes elevated, sometimes rather short. The sutures are somewhat deep. The whorls are depressed at the upper part and longitudinally concentrically ribbed. The ribs are narrow, latticed with fine transverse ridges. The shell is whitish, banded with olive-green. The apex is brown. The columella is four-plaited.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off the Philippines, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea; also off Australia (Queensland)
References
Schepman, M.M. 1911. The Prosobranchia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4: Rhachiglossa. pp. 247-364, pls 18-24 in Weber, M. (ed.). Siboga Expeditie. Monograph 49.
Dautzenberg, P. & Bouge, L.J. 1923. Mitridés de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et de ses dépendances. Journal de Conchyliologie 67(2): 179-259
Maes, V.O. 1967. The littoral marine mollusks of Cocos-Keeling Islands (Indian Ocean). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 119: 93–217
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1970. Systematics of the families Mitridae & Volutomitridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 8: 1-190
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific marine shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian marine shells. Prosobranch gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
Salisbury, R. 2000. Costellariidae of the World, Pt. 3. Of Sea and Shore 23(1): 4-14
Arnaud, J.P., Berthault, C., Jeanpierre, R., Martin, J.C. & Martin, P. 2002. Costellariidae et Mitridae de Nouvelle Calédonie. Xenophora. Association française de conchyliologie. Supplément 100: 52 pp.
External links
Souverbie, [M.. (1875). Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles de l'Archipel Calédonien (22e article). Journal de Conchyliologie. 23(4): 282-296, pl. 13.]
mutabile
Gastropods described in 1845 |
is a Japanese rower. She competed in the women's lightweight double sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Japanese female rowers
Olympic rowers for Japan
Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Saitama Prefecture
21st-century Japanese women |
Epascestria croesusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in South Africa.
References
Endemic moths of South Africa
Moths described in 1913
Odontiini |
Ivan Kelic (born 29 December 1968) is an Australian former soccer player who is last known to have played as a striker for Melbourne Knights.
Career
Kelic was born at sea.
Before the 1989 season, he signed for Australian top flight side Melbourne Knights after playing for St Albans Saints in the Australian lower leagues.
Playing for Melbourne Knights, he was the league's equal top goal-scorer in the 1990/91 season with 17 goals. However, he missed with his penalty-kick and South Melbourne won the match and the title.
Before the 1996 season, he signed for Singaporean club Tanjong Pagar United.
References
External links
Australian men's soccer players
Singapore Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Singapore
Living people
1968 births
Soccer players from Melbourne
Australian people of Croatian descent
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Melbourne Knights FC players
Sydney Olympic FC players
South Melbourne FC players
Men's association football forwards
People born at sea |
Zohre Esmaeli (born 1 July 1985) is a model, designer and author from Afghanistan. She lives in Berlin, Germany. She was said to be the only international top model from Afghanistan in 2014.
Biography
Early years
Zohre Esmaeli was born on July 1, 1985, in Kabul, the youngest of seven children. Her mother, who was her father's second wife, died in a traffic accident when she was two years old. She was raised by her dad's first wife and has four brothers and two sisters. Like her sisters, as a girl, she could not attend a public school, but after pleading with her father he agreed to her being home schooled by private tutors.
Escape from Afghanistan
When Esmaeli was thirteen years old, her parents sold all their belongings and decided to leave Afghanistan to escape from the war and the Taliban regime. Her father left Kabul with three of his children and his second wife on the load bed of a truck. They paid a Russian people smuggling gang to bring them to Germany to join her brothers who already lived there. Their difficult and 10000 km long journey took six months, via Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, and the Czech Republic, but in 1999, they finally crossed the border to Bavaria. During the dangerous journey with long wintry walks through woods, and rides hidden in train waggons and car boots, Zohre Esmaili nearly drowned crossing a border river in Slovakia. The family were imprisoned for several days in the Ukraine where Esmaili became seriously ill due to malnutrition and bad hygienic conditions. After arriving in Germany, the family first stayed in three asylum seekers' hostels in Darmstadt, Schwalbach, and Calden, before moving to their own flat in Vellmar near Kassel.
Life in Germany
Zohre Esmaeli attended a comprehensive school and after an internship she wanted to pursue the career of an airplane electronics engineer. Her school years were difficult for her as she and her brother were the only foreigners in the class at her first school and also after moving to Vellmar she was bullied at her school in Ahnatal.
Although now staying in Germany, her father and older brothers insisted on her living according to the Afghan tradition and had chosen a husband for her to marry. In order to escape from the family pressures and live according to her own wishes Zohre Esmaeli left at age 17 her family in spring of 2003 and moved into a children's home. After 12 days she ran away and went into hiding in Zuffenhausen near Stuttgart living with the family of her then boyfriend. During her first year living there she did not have any contact with her family. Later Esmaeli established again a normal relationship with her father although she does not discuss her work at home. Esmaeli speaks four languages, Dari (her mother tongue), Persian, English, and German.
During three weeks in July 2013 a 4x5 meter large picture of Esmaeli could be seen by S-Bahn travellers in Düsseldorf on an empty windowless house wall which was painted by airbrush artist Andi Ponto. It was a birthday present of her boyfriend who lived in a house opposite of the wall. By order of the house owner the painting had to be whited out by the artist.
Her brother, Abdul Gharfour Esmaeli, is a cruiserweight boxer who started his professional career at the Internationale Box-Gala in Kassel in November 2012.
Career
When Zohre Esmaeli was 16 years old the then current Miss Hessen approached her during a shopping trip in a H&M store in Kassel and asked if she was a model and wanted to have photos taken. She agreed and two days later she went to a model agency and started to do secret shootings without telling her parents. Her first shooting took place in Frankfurt. This, however, soon came to an end when her family found out and forbade her to continue.
About a year after she had left her family and moved to Stuttgart she resumed her modeling career. Her first big clients were the furniture manufacturer Bretz who made her the centre of a large advertising campaign from 2003 until 2007 and the German designer Manfred Bogner who featured her from 2007 in many adverts for his fashion line BONNIE which were published in magazines like Vogue. Soon she appeared in other fashion and lifestyle journals as Elle, Cosmopolitan, Madame, Zink, Lounge, InStyle and Marie Claire. On 30 April 2004 Esmaeli took for Afghanistan part in the Queen of the World beauty pageant in Munich.
In 2006, Belgian designer Gerald Watelet discovered Esmaeli and she ran the catwalk for his label at the Fashion Week in Paris. She currently appears in fashion shows and photo shoots in New York, Paris, Milan and Berlin.
In February 2014 Zohre Esmaeli published her book Meine neue Freiheit. Von Kabul über den Laufsteg zu mir selbst in which she describes her story, the situation in Kabul, the months-long flight from Afghanistan and her life as a refugee in Germany. Esmaeli works also as independent fashion adviser in Düsseldorf.
Zohre Esmaeli designed her own fashion collection "Zoraya" which was first presented at a charity fashion show on 13 November 2015 in Berlin to help raise funds for her new project "Culture Coaches" which supports refugees.
Social engagements
Zohre Esmaeli works with several German charities. She supports the charity Afghanistan - Hilfe die ankommt e.V. in Bad Kreuznach by taking part in fund-raising events like fashion shows and is especially involved in their sewing project. She also supports the international charity program Women for Women, which was developed by Dr. Marita Eisenmann-Klein, the Secretary General of IPRAS, the International Society for Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Dr. Constance Neuhann-Lorenz, the Chairperson of Quality Assurance of IPRAF, the International Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Foundation
In 2014 Esmaeli was made ambassador of the German Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency.
Save Society
Esmaeli is ambassador of the German charity Save Society which fights against discrimination. Other ambassadors of the charity are the German épée fencer Monika Sozanska, runner Marius Broening, actress Vanessa Eichholz and film producer Catherine Ackermann. Official supporters include the members of the German Bundestag Stefan Kaufmann and Hartmut Koschyk.
Culture Coaches
Based on her own experience as refugee Esmaeli founded the project "Culture Coaches" to help the sustainable integration of refugees. The project wants to give newly arrived families from the start an insight into German culture and the values of German society by developing a bicultural didactics and a tutor team. It is supported by the Bürgerstiftung Berlin, a charitable foundation under the patronage of Wolfgang Thierse, which was started 1999 by Berlin citizens. The costs of the project have been raised by crowd funding and through a refugee fundraising event on 13 November 2015 in Berlin which raised the indented target of 40.000 Euros.
TV appearances and radio broadcasts
Guten Abend, RTL (TV, 12.2011)
Frank Elstner: Menschen der Woche, SWR (TV, 11.02.2012)
Couchgespräche, SWR-RP (TV, 19.11.2012)
glanz & gloria, SRF (TV, 22.05.2013)
WDR Lokalzeit, WDR (TV, 21.08.2013
Markus Lanz, ZDF (TV, 20.02.2014)
mittagsmagazin, ZDF (TV, 21.02.2014)
Eins zu Eins. Der Talk, BR Bayern 2 (Radio, 30.03.2014)
SWR1 Leute, SWR (Radio, 10.10.2014)
hallo deutschland, ZDF (TV, 12.11.2014)
Hart aber fair, ARD (TV, 23.02.2015)
So gesehen - Talk am Sonntag, Sat.1 (TV, 12.04.2015)
Christiane Amanpour: Sex & Love Around the World, episode 4, Berlin (Netflix, 07.04.2018)
Music and film videos
Swarm (2011, music video by Jens Hocher for Badmarsh & Shri, awarded the Intervideo - Young Talent award)
The Grief of the Wind (2011, short film by Jens S. Achtert)
Book
Exhibition
Zohre escaped (2013) 6.4.-14.4.2013 Pfaffenhofen, photos by Richard Kienberger
References
External links
Save Society
Culture Coaches
Express Dress
Living people
1985 births
Afghan female models
Afghan women writers
Afghan writers
People from Kabul
Afghan refugees
Afghan emigrants to Germany
21st-century Afghan women writers |
Kevin Griffith (born 17 January 1950) is a former English cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket for Worcestershire between 1967 and 1972.
Griffith made his first-class debut against Leicestershire in late August 1967, scoring 11 and 0 and going wicketless in his four overs.
He played one more game that season, taking the single wicket of Leicestershire's Peter Marner,
and three more in 1968, but did not achieve any notable successes.
1969 was the first season in which Griffith played a significant part, turning out in nine first-class and one List A games. Against Oxford University in June, he claimed a second-innings 7/41, comfortably his best first-class innings return.
He played just one first-team game in 1970, being almost entirely confined to the Second XI.
In 1971, he played a substantial part in Worcestershire's season, appearing in 24 first-class games while scoring 575 runs at just under 20 and taking 32 wickets at a little over 37. He also played 14 List A matches. It was in 1971 that Griffith had his best match for Worcestershire, versus Yorkshire in early June: he made 42 and 59 (his only half-century) and took four second-innings wickets as Worcestershire ran out comfortable winners.
In 1972 Griffith played several games early on, including the tour match against the Australians,
but was increasingly relegated to the Second XI. Indeed, his last two first-team games — both in the John Player League — were 11 weeks apart.
Notes
References
English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
1950 births
Living people
Cricketers from Warrington |
Maryland's Legislative District 17 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. It covers part of Montgomery County.
Demographic characteristics
As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 142,567, of whom 111,177 (78.0%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 57,733 (40.5%) White, 19,939 (14.0%) African American, 1,096 (0.8%) Native American, 28,795 (20.2%) Asian, 31 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 18,519 (13.0%) from some other race, and 16,362 (11.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33,170 (23.3%) of the population.
The district had 80,488 registered voters as of October 17, 2020, of whom 19,436 (24.1%) were registered as unaffiliated, 11,993 (14.9%) were registered as Republicans, 47,800 (59.4%) were registered as Democrats, and 791 (1.0%) were registered to other parties.
Political representation
The district is represented for the 2023–2027 legislative term in the State Senate by Cheryl C. Kagan (D) and in the House of Delegates by Ryan Spiegel (D), Joe Vogel (D) and Julie Palakovich Carr (D).
References
Montgomery County, Maryland
17
17 |
Reggie Benjamin is an Indian-American pop singer, actor and host.
Early life and career
Benjamin was born in Canada to parents that had recently immigrated from India. At the age of nine his parents moved to the US and his childhood and youth was spent in Chicago. His father was a Christian preacher, who raised Benjamin on Elvis Presley's gospel music. He graduated from Chicago's Columbia College with a degrees in Music Voice and the city's College du Page with a degree in Business Communications, both in 1997. Upon leaving school he founded the recording label Club 2X Records. He began the label with $110, and by July 2001 the label had more than $2,000,000 in turnover. As of 2019Reggie Benjamin is currently one part of a Pop Duo called Rewona. (The Duo Includes Reggie Benjamin himself and Iwona Benjamin ) managed by Mark Shayatovich. The Duo has had much success all over the world and has sold out many venues (all music is written and produced by Reggie Benjamin). Reggie Benjamin has appeared as a singer on many TV shows including The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills.
Recording career
In 2001 Benjamin broke out from the Chicago club scene by filming a music video at the Playboy Mansion for his debut single Hurry Up from his debut album 2X Centrix, which became popular in India. The video reached the number two spot on MTV Asia that year. The single Hurry Up also reached the top 10 charts of fifteen countries, including Italy, Spain and Russia. At this point he had already signed five additional acts to his label. The full album was released in May 2002, with newspapers naming him the "first Indian pop star". Benjamin collaborated with Joanie Laurer on the album (better known as WWF wrestler Chyna), which served as Laurer's debut album. He also collaborated with reality television contestant Sarah Kozer on the song "Crazy Freaky". In 2004 Benjamin and Laurer released a second album called Smile.
In 2005 E! Entertainment named Benjamin one of the ten most influential Indians living in the United States (citations needed), as the first Indian-American to ever reach a position on the US Billboard music charts. The statement was made during an on-air Celebrity Uncensored segment entitled "First Indian Pop Artist in America", featuring Benjamin's career and his hit song Ride reaching number four on the Billboard Breakouts for Hot Dance Club Play chart. Overall, he his music has reached the music charts of more than fifteen countries. In May 2005 he was invited to sing the national anthem at a Los Angeles Dodgers baseball game and he was nominated at the 2006 Black Music Awards for Best New Artist and Best Neo-Soul Song. He was the winner in the America's Next Star/Best New Artist category. That year he was also named by Bibi Magazine as one of the world's sexiest men. By 2006 he had recorded ten hit songs reaching the charts in more than twenty-five countries.
Film career
Reggie produced and scored the documentary on ending human trafficking, called Save Her, Co-financed and produced with Producer Nitish Kannan. It will be released on Amazon Prime in 2020.
Rewona and Reggie Benjamin as of 2019 are working with award winning producer Michael Lloyd (Who has over 150 Gold and Platinum records under his belt) on a new album entitled Gin Dobry. Reggie Benjamin also wrote a song for charity against human trafficking and many celebrities including Justin Bieber have shown their support.
References
External links
Reggie Benjamin Official Site
Canadian male singer-songwriters
Canadian singer-songwriters
Canadian pop musicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Syarhey Pyatrovich Amelyanchuk (, ; ; born 8 August 1980) is a Belarusian football coach and former player.
International career
Amelyanchuk has been capped for national team regularly since 2002 and is currently the third most-capped player of the team behind Aliaksandr Kulchiy and Sergei Gurenko.
International goal
Honours
Legia Warszawa
Ekstraklasa champion: 2001–02
Polish League Cup winner: 2001–02
Lokomotiv Moscow
Russian Super Cup winner: 2005
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Gomel
Belarusian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Belarus men's international footballers
Belarusian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Ukraine
Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Belarusian Premier League players
Ekstraklasa players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Russian Premier League players
FC RUOR Minsk players
FC Torpedo Minsk players
Legia Warsaw players
FC Arsenal Kyiv players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
FC Shinnik Yaroslavl players
FC Rostov players
FC Akhmat Grozny players
FC Tom Tomsk players
FC Minsk players |
The Virgo III Groups, or Virgo III Cloud, are a series of at least 75 galactic clusters and individual galaxies stretching approximately off the eastern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. Parts of it are in the constellations Virgo, Libra, and Serpens Caput. It is located approximately to from the Solar System, at a right ascension of to .
These clusters include:
NGC 5248 Group:
NGC 5248
UGC 8575
UGC 8614
NGC 5364 Group:
NGC 5300
NGC 5348
NGC 5356
NGC 5360
NGC 5363
NGC 5364
NGC 5506 Group:
IC 976
NGC 5496
NGC 5506
NGC 5507
UGC 9057
NGC 5566 Group:
NGC 5560
NGC 5566
NGC 5569
NGC 5574
NGC 5576
NGC 5577
UGC 9215
NGC 5638 Group:
IC 1024
NGC 5636
NGC 5638
NGC 5668
UGC 9310
UGC 9380
NGC 5746 Group:
NGC 5658
NGC 5690
NGC 5691
NGC 5692
NGC 5705
NGC 5713
NGC 5719
NGC 5725
NGC 5740
NGC 5746
NGC 5750
UGC 9299
UGC 9469
UGC 9482
NGC 5775 Group:
IC 1066
IC 1067
IC 1070
NGC 5770
NGC 5774
NGC 5775
NGC 5846 Group:
NGC 5813
NGC 5831
NGC 5846
NGC 5846A
NGC 5854
NGC 5864
NGC 5869
UGC 9746
UGC 9751
UGC 9760
Additional galaxies in the group:
IC 1014
NGC 5334
NGC 5470
NGC 5584
NGC 5645
NGC 5669
NGC 5701
NGC 5792
NGC 5806
NGC 5838
NGC 5921
UGC 9169
UGC 9500
See also
M96 Group
Leo II Groups
Virgo II Groups
References
Galaxy clusters
Virgo Supercluster |
Joseph Hyman Lookstein (Hebrew: ; December 25, 1902 – July 13, 1979) was a Russian-born American rabbi who served as spiritual leader of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun on the Upper East Side of Manhattan and was a leader in Orthodox Judaism, including his service as president of the Rabbinical Council of America and of the cross-denominational Synagogue Council of America and New York Board of Rabbis. He was President of Bar-Ilan University from 1957 to 1967.
Biography
Lookstein was born in Mogilev, Belarus, then in the Russian Empire, and after emigrating to the United States, attended City College of New York and did graduate work at Columbia University. He received his Jewish education at Rabbi Jacob Joseph School and received his rabbinic ordination in 1926 from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary at Yeshiva University. He had already served as an assistant for three years at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun, assisting his grandfather-in-law Rabbi Moses S. Margolies, and continued in that role after receiving his ordination, assuming the title of senior rabbi after Margolies's death in 1936.
In 1930, he established the Hebrew Teachers Training School for Girls, now part of Yeshiva University, and served as its principal for ten years. Shortly after the establishment of Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel, Rabbi Lookstein became the institution's acting president in 1957 for nine years, succeeding Pinkhos Churgin, before being succeeded by Max Jammer and named as the school's chancellor in 1966. During his tenure, the school grew from a single building with 40 students into a school with an enrollment of thousands.
He was elected as head of the Synagogue Council of America in 1979, was a past president of the Rabbinical Council of America and the New York Board of Rabbis.
He founded the Ramaz School in 1937, which was named in honor of his grandfather-in-law. Lookstein's son, Rabbi Haskel Lookstein, was a member of the school's inaugural first grade class. By the time of his death, the school had an enrollment of 800 students.
He died at age 76 on July 13, 1979, at Mount Sinai Hospital in Miami Beach, Florida. His son, Haskel Lookstein, had served as the Assistant Rabbi at Congregation Kehillath Jeshurun starting in 1958, and assumed the title of Senior Rabbi upon his father's death.
References
1902 births
1979 deaths
American Orthodox rabbis
Orthodox rabbis from Russia
City College of New York alumni
Columbia University alumni
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary semikhah recipients
Rabbi Jacob Joseph School alumni
Yeshiva University faculty
People from Mogilev
Presidents of universities in Israel
20th-century American rabbis |
Katherine Hunt may refer to:
Catherine Hunt (1854–1948), mayor of Colchester, England
Kathryn Hunt, British actress
See also
Hunt (surname) |
Paloma Cecilia San Basilio Martínez (born 22 November 1950), known as Paloma San Basilio (), is a Spanish singer, songwriter, producer and actress. She was awarded with a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for contributions to Latin music. She has sold over 16 million records throughout her career, with styles that range from melodic songs to pop. She often appeared in various musicals such as the Spanish-language premiere production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Evita in Madrid. Some other musical theater works include Man of La Mancha, My Fair Lady, Victor/Victoria, and Sunset Boulevard.
She announced her retirement in 2013, touring in Europe and America. She is currently doing a symphonic tour in Colombia, where she will be stopping in Armenia, Cali, Bucaramanga, Pereira, Bogotá, Medellín and Manizales as one of her last musical projects in her artistic life.
Life
In the early 1970s, she married the athlete Ignacio Gómez Pellico; they divorced shortly after. She had a daughter from that marriage, Ivana. Paloma later started a relationship with businessman Claudio Rey; they have been together for over 30 years. Paloma prefers to keep her personal and private lives separated. She rarely speaks about her private affairs, yet she is respected by journalists. She has a cordial relationship with the press, and she received the award Premio Naranja in the ‘80s, an award granted by journalists to those public figures with whom they better relate.
Career
Paloma San Basilio was born in Madrid, lived her childhood in Seville and her adolescence in Lugo. Before she started her artistic career in 1975, she began her studies of Philosophy and Psychology at the Complutense University of Madrid but never completed them.
Early years
During the first years of the 70's, she hosted the TV show Siempre en domingo and worked as an actress in a zarzuela show called Divertido siglo. In 1975 she recorded her first album “Sombras”, which was an international hit including her own songs as well as classic songs like “The Way We Were”, “The Long And Winding Road” or “Feelings”. Her following album, "Dónde vas" (1977) included more dynamic tunes, composed by Bebu Silvettu, and also ballads like "Dónde vas", that gave the record its name and that was pre-selected to represent Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1977. Her influences are very diverse—from artists like The Beatles, Sarah Vaughan, Billie Holiday or Barbra Streisand to artists that she often listens to in her stay in Seville, like Lola Flores or Gracia Montes, which makes it impossible to categorize her in any musical genre.
23 October 1978, she recorded in the Teatro Monumental in Madrid her album "En Directo", where we can find one of her most popular songs “Beso a Beso… dulcemente”, as well as versions of classic solo international women songs — such as I Say a Little Prayer (Aretha Franklin), People (Barbra Streisand), Parole Parole (Mina) and "Sweet Sadie the Savior" (Patti Austin).
Also in 1978 the album was republished for the Latin-American fans, including versions like “Ahora” ("Ancora, ancora, ancora", from the Italian singer Mina) and “Sobre el arcoiris”, from The Wizard of Oz (Over the Rainbow) that she recorded in Spanish. She also added a self-written song, “Atardecer”. There were two singles in the album. The first one, “Secretos”, from Bebu Silvetti and Miguel Tottis, is a disco song with high notes. The second one, Beso a beso... dulcemente, which was also the name of the album, became one of her most successful hits and is now a classic in her repertory.
Evita and Eurovision Song Contest
In December 1980 she released the musical Evita in many theaters like Madrid, Barcelona, San Juan de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Ciudad de México, Caracas, Panamá, Santo Domingo, San José, Bogotá, Quito, Lima, Santiago de Chile and Miami with huge success. Paloma's fame was in ascent not only in those countries she visited, but also in those where her play Evita did not arrive due to political problems, which was the case of Argentina, where a military dictatorship had taken over the country at that time. Her outstanding performance in Evita made both the character and the actress become closely related. It was released both in a double disc and in a single disc edition. Andrew Lloyd Webber himself, one of the authors of the play, praised and depicted Paloma as one of the best Evita's performances. According to the critics of the moment, she created this character such a way, that hat not existed in her predecessors. Again, her vocal abilities were surprising in songs such as "Buenos Aires", "La Nueva Argentina" or "Vals para Eva y Ché". When Oliver Stone was going to shoot the film, something he never got to do, Paloma was one of the soundest candidates to interpret Eva Perón.
Evita was performed for a two-year period, during which her next two studio albums were released. "Ahora" (1981) increased even more its popularity with songs like the famous "Juntos", "La Hiedra", "Recuerdos (Memory)" (main theme of the musical Cats and "El Inmenso" (with arrangements slightly different from the ’78 release). This album is one of the most celebrated of the singer and includes a beautiful photo shoot, made by the photographer Antonio Molina. It meant her return to the discographic world, after a three-year break. "Dama", her following album (1983), became famous for songs like "Dama", "El aire del sábado tarde" and other rhythmic sounds such as "Bailando", "Fiesta del interior" and "Unas vacaciones". Between 1983 and 1984, she started in Puerto Rico a triumphant series of tours throughout Latin America, and on her return to Spain she presented her new work "Paloma", which was already a hit in Latin America with "Por qué me abandonaste" and was one of her best-selling works. Synthesizers and instruments could be heard in this album, that were very common at the time. She was also co-author of several of her themes, something she would often do in the years that were to come.
In 1985 she participated in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "La fiesta terminó", name of her new album composed and produced by Juan Carlos Calderón. By then Eurovision took place in the Swedish city of Gothenburg and was an important thing for her career, despite of not getting very high score in the ranking. According to her style, she included versions of classics like "Sin ti (Without You)" original of the Welsh band Badfinger, "We're All Alone", of Rita Coolidge, adapted with the title "Impaciencia", or "Que Va Que va" (the classic song "Manureva" by Serge Gainsbourg).
Within the Televisión Española Channel TV series La comedia musical española she starred Las Leandras and La Cenicienta del Palace and took part in a third TV series, El sobre verde, where she interprets the Fortune Goddess and sings "De una monedita de oro". Those three were published in the collection "La Revista" of Hispavox. Even today, it is usual for Paloma to perform "Los Nardos" in her concerts, a melody included in Las Leandras.
She hosted the show "En vivo" at the Teatro Monumental in Madrid, with the release of a successful double album. She sang for those affected by the earthquake in Mexico and by the volcano Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia both in 1985. She hosted the OTI Festival with Emilio Aragón and throughout that year she could be heard on the radio with songs like "Por culpa de una noche enamorada", "Como el viento", "El beso de tu boca", "Impaciencia" and "Sin ti". Since then, her tours and presentations went on, giving the best out of herself in each of them; she took great care of the character, costumes, the stage, choreography, repertoire, lightning, etc., which made her highly valued by critics and public as they were great shows; very similar to those made in the United States.
Juan Carlos Calderón produced her new work, "Vuela alto", in 1986, where "Cariño mío" excels. This show was again one of the best-selling albums of her career, given the quality of her compositions. Vuela alto was also the name of the world tour that broke box-office records. In the following years, Paloma continued to release records continuously; "Grande" (1987), awarded with a Platinum album and the tour under the same name kept the star on tour for more than 6 months, including a version of the song from Theodorakis "Luna De Miel", as well as Obregón Pareja's songs, Mendo and Fuster (successful authors of "Puerta de Alcalá"), Albertelli, Rosa Girón, KC Porter, Armando Manzanero, etc. There were two versions of this album—one for the American market with "Los Sueños Son Tan Grandes" and another one for Spain, where the song was replaced by "La tragedia de Eva". It's followed by "Life" (1988), album that was released in Latin America without the song “Bienvenido al Paraíso" and that includes in its CD format an extra song titled "Amor Diablo". It also includes a version of Pat Benatar's classic "We Belong" (Mi Pasión), the Spanish song of Los Miserables "On My Own" or a compendium of fragments of songs like "Bésame Mucho", "The Fool On The Hill", "Alfonsina y el mar", "No te mires en el río", "Music "... all together in a fantastic song called "Música" which shows the restlessness and admiration that the singer feels for this eclectic kind of music.
1990
To celebrate her 15-year career in 1990, she simultaneously recorded and edited two albums; "Nadie como tú", for Latin America (from which the enormous success “Demasiado herida” stands out) and "Quiéreme Siempre" for Spain. From this last album, the song "Un largo camino" duet with CRAG is highlighted, as well as one of the best versions that has ever been made of “Wind Beneath My Wings” from Bette Midler. On 3 March 1991, she performed a duet concert with the tenor Plácido Domingo in Miami, which was edited in video and LP and reached multimillion-dollar sales and that was, in the words of the performer herself, one of the most wonderful experiences of her life. She sings Zarzuela pieces like "la Revoltosa" in it, Operetta, like “Vals de la Viuda Alegre”, American musicals, like "Phantom of the Opera" or "New York, New York", boleros, tango, Hispano-American songs and, of course, her extraordinary interpretation of "No llores por mí, Argentina" (from Evita).
Paloma continued her success with productions such as "De mil amores" (1991), which included songs such as "Orí Oro", "No Quiero Arrepentirme", "De Mil Amores" or "Un Gran Amor". This work has been made simultaneously with "Paloma Mediterránea" (1992), in which she recreated the song "Mediterráneo" by Serrat and others like "Apres Toi" by Vicky Leandros, "El Concierto de Aranjuez" by Joaquín Rodrigo or "Himno al Amor" by Édith Piaf. The first album was released for the American market only and the second one for Spain. Two years later, she released "Al Este del Edén" (1994), album including songs from unknown young authors and which was one of the singer's favorites. That same year she performed a duet concert with the tenor José Carreras, with 20,000 people in Bogotá. "Como un sueño" (1995) celebrates her 20-year career and led her to touring for about twenty months. This concert was published in a double CD for Spain and was reduced to a single CD in Latin America. Different celebrities joined in, such as Estela Raval, Gloria Lasso, Cristina del Valle (from the duet Amistades Peligrosas), El Dúo Dinámico, El Consorcio and Juan Pardo.
In 1997, Paloma sang pieces from classical musicians like Beethoven, Pachelbel or Massenet in her new work "Clásicamente tuya", which was released in early 1998 in Latin America with a different cover and did not include the song "Meditación". In November 1997, after 17 years, she resumed her performance in the musical El hombre de La Mancha with José Sacristán, which broke box-office records. This musical was also released in a double CD, and played for 2 years in Madrid, 1 month in Barcelona and 2 months in Buenos Aires.
In 1999 she announced "Perlas", a pop-style recording based on versions of Anglo-Saxon classics adapted to Spanish ("You've Got a Friend", "Un-break my heart", "Immortality", "Let the River Run", "Angel of Mine", etc.), where Paloma first sings with her daughter Ivana Vanessa Gómez the song "Calling you".
Decade of the 2000
In 2000 Paloma left EMI (her lifelong record label since 1984) and released with Sony her bolero album called "Escorpio" in 2001. Produced by Bebu Silvetti, it became very popular in America. This album included the first Spanish version of Michael Bolton famous song "How Am I Supposed To Live Without You", as well as songs like "No Ha Pasado Nada" by Armando Manzanero and a Medley of Brazilian music songs ("Voce Abusó", "Aguas De Marzo", "Mais que Nada").
In 2001 she also returned to theaters performing in My Fair Lady, again with José Sacristán. The musical played for 19 months at the Teatro Coliseum in Madrid, achieving the well-deserved recognition for great artist in a difficult genre like musicals, and received the title of "Queen of the Musical" by the Spanish critic. A CD was released from that musical. In 2002, she recorded and edited an album with songs of musicals, "Eternamente, grandes éxitos de grandes musicales", for the company Ventura Discos SL, with songs from some of the musicals she interpreted herself. It highlights an impeccable version of "Summertime", as well as the song from Jesus Christ Superstar, "Es más que amor" ("I don't know how to love him"), which had become popular by Ángela Carrasco. This album, despite reuniting hits from musicals like Evita, The Phantom of the Opera, Porgy and Bess, Jesus Christ Superstar, Cats or Sunset Boulevard, did not have huge success perhaps because there was not much chemistry with the producer, Christian De Walden, who had already produced other albums with performers such as Marta Sánchez.
On 28 September 2005, she successfully premiered the musical Victor/Victoria at the Teatro Coliseum in Madrid. Her difficult Victoria Grant character was a big success, in which she played a man and a woman at the same time. Her cast partner was the great Paco Valladares. On 1 Novemberst, 2006, Paloma was awarded with a Latin Grammy Award in New York City: the 2006 Music Excellence Award.
In 2006 she produced and recorded "Invierno Sur", an inward-looking album with smooth jazz and really exquisite compositions from several authors such as Armando Manzanero or Amaury Gutiérrez. The album featured a song based on a composition by Hans Zimmer, who transferred her the rights for "Nyah and Ethan", music that gave the name to the song as well as the album, "Invierno Sur". It additionally included a version of the song "Vives entre sombras" ("Livin' in the shadows") from the musical Victor/Victoria. The album was released in Spain on 29 January 2007, and is co-produced with RLM. It was again an innovative album due to its jazz grounds and the intimate character of many of its songs.
In 2008 she did the "Encantados tour", accompanied by the maestro Luis Cobos, along with a symphony orchestra of more than 60 musicians. A DVD was released from this tour as well as a CD gathering the best moments and highlighting the "O Mio Babbino Caro", an opera song that Paloma performs easily. In Latin America the album was released without the DVD.
She then toured the "PSB tour" (Piano, Sax and Bass). This tour included simultaneously several Spanish provinces and cities of Latin America, achieving a huge success both from the public and the critics. This tour began in early 2009 and ended up in 2010. It was a show where she reviewed her most successful songs along with international well-known songs, only followed by a piano, bass and saxophone.
Decade of the 2010
At the beginning of 2010 she was invited to record the theme song of an Argentinian soap opera starring by the actress Soledad Silveyra ("Secretos de Amor", which was broadcast by the Argentinian TELEFE channel). The song is called "Amor sin edad" and was composed by Eduardo Frigerio.
In March 2012 she published the album "Amolap" (Paloma written backwards), whose first released song not only amazed some but cause different opinions. This might be claimed to the tecno music sound and the lyrics in English which state: "Love makes my world go round". The first single from the album was "Yo quiero volar", a sophisticated pop sound comparable to an Anglo-Saxon pop ballad.
In June 2012 she also premiered the musical My Fair Lady that toured in several Spanish cities; ending the tour in Valencia on 4 November. On 22 November she announced on Twitter and Facebook her last year on tour.
On 6 Januaryth, 2014, she gave a concert in the Teatro Real in Madrid, where great operas and classical music take place and where only a few singers have performed. She played songs from musicals such as Mary Poppins, Cats or Evita and ended with "Los Nardos" by las Leandras, which was a big success.
On 2 January 2016, she premiered a concert along with Los Chicos del Coro de Saint Marc, called "Voces para el alma".
Farewell Tour 'Hasta Siempre' and new album with Los Chicos del Coro
Paloma San Basilio announced her withdrawal from the music scene after 40 years. For that reason, in 2013 she started a farewell tour and she chose Latin America as a starting point in order to show her gratitude for her artistic career. She participated in the Viña del Mar International Song Festival 2014 (Chile) where she won the Silver and the Gold Torch as well as the Silver and Gold Seagull awards. She is also working on an album in collaboration with Los Chicos Del Coro, which will include musical songs and versions of classics such as "I Say A Little Prayer" or "Amazing Grace", which were expected to be released in October 2015.
Discography
Sombras (1975)
Dónde vas/ El color del mar (1977, single)
Beso a beso... dulcemente (1978)
En directo (1978)
Evita (musical) (1980)
Ahora (1981)
Dama (1983)
Paloma (1984)
La Cenicienta del Palace (1985)
Las Leandras (1985)
El sobre verde (1985)
La Fiesta Terminó (1985)
En vivo (1985)
Vuela alto (1986)
Grande (1987)
La sinfonía de los tres tiempos de América (1988)
Vida (1988)
Nadie como tú (1990)
Quiéreme siempre (1990)
Plácido, Paloma por fin juntos! [Live] (1991)
De mil amores (1991)
Paloma mediterránea (1992)
Al este del edén (1994)
Como un sueño (1995)
Clásicamente tuya (1997)
El hombre de La Mancha (musical) (1997)
Perlas (1999)
Escorpio (2001)
My Fair Lady (musical) (2001)
Eternamente, grandes éxitos de grandes musicales (2002)
La música es mi vida (compilation) (2003)
Víctor Victoria (musical) (2005)
Diva (compilation) (2006)
Invierno Sur (2006)
Encantados (2008)
Amolap (2012)
Las canciones de mi vida (2015)
References
External links
Official website
Foro internacional
1950 births
Living people
Singers from Madrid
Spanish women singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1985
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Spain
EMI Latin artists
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
OTI Festival presenters
Women in Latin music
People named in the Pandora Papers |
Lokmat Stylish Awards are Indian awards presented by Lokmat Media Pvt. Ltd. to acknowledge the style statement of leaders in their respective fields including politics, business, sports, lifestyle, and the entertainment industry. The awards were started in 2016 by the media company. Lokmat Stylish Awards 2022 was the sixth edition of the Awards. The award event was organized on September 28, 2022, at JW Marriott in Juhu, Mumbai. The event was hosted by television actor and presenter Manish Paul. Salman Khan was the chief guest.
History
Lokmat Stylish award’s concept was developed by Rishi Darda, Joint Managing Director & Editorial Director of Lokmat Media Group. These awards were started to honor the style statement of individuals beyond the entertainment industry. The goal of these awards is to acknowledge the talent and creativity of individuals from different sectors. The first edition was attended by then Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis and politician Aaditya Thackeray. The first edition of the award was held in 2016. Since then, 6 editions of the awards have been completed. The awards are organized in Mumbai every year.
Winners
References
Indian awards
Fashion awards |
Jeffrey Omura (born April 23, 1985) is an American actor, politician, and labour organizer.
Early life and education
Omura was born at Sparrow Hospital in Lansing, Michigan, on April 23, 1985, and raised in the suburb of Okemos, Michigan. He is the third child of Linda Omura (née Ratliff), founder and owner of Cherry Tree Catering; and Glenn Omura, a professor and Dean at Michigan State University. Glenn is of Japanese descent, born in Hawaii and raised in Los Angeles, California and Falls Church, Virginia. Though Linda was raised in Hazel Park, Michigan, her family has multi-generational roots in Appalachia. The couple met while attending Michigan State University, and were married in 1969 - only two years after interracial marriage was legalized in the United States in Loving v. Virginia.
Omura graduated from Carnegie Mellon University in 2007.
Career
Acting
In 2007, Omura was cast in The Public Theater's Shakespeare in the Park production of Romeo and Juliet, directed by Michael Greif. In 2008 Omura earned his Actors’ Equity Association union card performing in “The Plant That Ate Dirty Socks” an early musical written by Tony Award nominee Joe Iconis.
Omura made his television debut on the CW’s Gossip Girl episode “Desperately Seeking Serena”, playing Todd Jansen, the ex-boyfriend of Nelly Yuki. The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) featured Omura in its 2009 Walt Disney Television Casting Project Showcase.
Political campaigning
Omura was a volunteer for the John Kerry campaign, registering students in Okemos, Michigan, to vote. In 2008, Omura spent a month as a full-time field organizer for the Barack Obama campaign in Lansing, Michigan. In 2018, Omura campaigned for congressional candidate Katie Hill in Santa Clarita, California. Omura was active in two 2020 Democratic campaigns: first, Elizabeth Warren’s Democratic Primary campaign in New Hampshire; and then Joe Biden’s Presidential campaign in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Actors’ Equity
In 2016, the Actors' Equity Association was gearing up to renegotiate its agreement with the Off-Broadway League of Theaters. Omura helped create and lead the Fair Wage OnStage grassroots movement to demand higher wages. With their help, Equity negotiated record-breaking wage increases from 32% to 83%. In 2017, Omura ran for a seat on Equity's National Council and won a three year term. In 2018, he was elected the chair of the International Actors Committee, allowing him to advocate for immigrant artists. Omura was re-elected to Equity's Council in 2020, where he has helped support union members during an industry-wide shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He was influential in resolving a public jurisdictional battle between SAG-AFTRA and Equity. He is one of the organizers behind the #BeAnArtsHero campaign, which organized the national arts sector to collectively lobby Congress for direct arts relief during the 2020 pandemic. The campaign was instrumental in securing $15 billion for the arts.
In 2021, City & State New York named Omura to their Labor 40 Under 40 List in recognition of his work with Actors Equity Association.
City Council
Omura is running to represent New York City Council District 6 in 2021. If elected, he will be the first openly gay person to represent District 6 and the first Japanese-American ever to win elected office in New York State.
Television credits
Theater credits
Off-Broadway
Romeo & Juliet (Public Theater/NYSF)
Joe Iconis's The Plant That Ate Dirty Socks (TheatreWorksUSA)
Charles Francis Chan Jr's Exotic Oriental Murder Mystery (National Asian American Theater Company)
House Rules (Ma-Yi Theater Company)
Hamlet (Public Theater Mobile Unit)
Hello, from the Children of Planet Earth (The Playwrights' Realm)
Fruiting Bodies (Ma-Yi Theater Company)
Regional
Take Me Out (barebones productions)
Macbeth (Hartford Stage)
La Dispute (Hartford Stage)
A Midsummer Night's Dream (The Repertory Theater of St. Louis)
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Weston Playhouse)
References
1985 births
American gay actors
American actor-politicians
American trade union leaders
American activists
Gay politicians
Living people |
Elinor Carucci (born 1971) is an Israeli-American photographer and educator, living in New York City, noted for her intimate porayals of her family's lives. She has published four monographs; Closer (2002), Diary of a Dancer (2005), Mother (2013) and Midlife (2019). She teaches at the School of Visual Arts in New York.
Carucci's work is held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, Jewish Museum and Brooklyn Museum in New York, Houston Museum of Fine Arts, and Harwood Museum of Art in New Mexico.
Early life and education
Carucci was born in Jerusalem. She graduated in 1995 from Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design with a degree in photography and moved to New York City.
Teaching career
She currently teaches in the graduate program of photography at the School of Visual Arts in New York City.
Photography
Carucci told an interviewer that she tries to find universal meaning in things that are personal to her. She admires the work of Nan Goldin and Sally Mann, who embody what she calls two opposite extremes in her own work: Some of her photographs are spontaneous snapshots, like Goldin's while other images are carefully staged, more like Mann's.
Closer
Carucci's first monograph, Closer, contains her earlier work focusing on immediate family and her closest relationships.
Diary of a Dancer
Her second monograph, Diary of a Dancer (2005), documents Carucci's experience as a professional Middle-Eastern belly dancer entertaining at events like weddings and bar/bat mitzvahs in the five boroughs of New York City. Her husband, Eran, helped her to capture photographs of herself dancing. The images in this series depict Carucci preparing for jobs and applying makeup in dismal looking bathrooms and on subway rides, snapshots of her dancing and images of the people she was entertaining.
Mother
Carucci's third monograph, Mother (2013), "documents ten years of New York City-based child rearing." Beginning during the pregnancy of her twins and ending when they turn eight years old, she explores the complex realities of motherhood in images that show her joys and the pains, the beautiful and the ugly, and the love and dysfunctions. Mother also shed light on the sensual and erotic connections between mother and child in photographs reflecting the range of Carucci's experience, from bliss to the less attractive raw moments.
Crisis
Crisis (2001–2003) narrates a tumultuous time in her marriage. Taking place at a time when her and her husband were working through her infidelity and mind-body induced physical pain and his marijuana usage, these photographs look straight into the darkness of post-arguments, as well as at their tender moments. Carucci has described how photographing this process brought them closer together, as they ultimately demonstrated to each other in the taking of these photographs that their love for one another is held above all else. Photographing was a way of reconnecting.
A Time Lightbox article from 2013 summarizes the work as chronicling
"her tumultuous relationship with her husband and parents through incidents of infidelity (hers) too much dope (her husband’s) and her parents fractious relationship and eventual divorce. The mood was gentle, though, with plenty of high notes; the everyday ebb and flow of relationships were lovingly and lavishly documented, while the larger narratives played out in the background."
Midlife
Midlife (2011–2019) chronicles the years of middle of life, a time that is overlooked by our culture and society, especially in women's life. It explores themes of women's bodies and health, intergenerational relationship, love and marriage over decades, children getting older, and brings attention to the beauty and challenges of this period of time in women's life.
Publications
Closer. San Francisco: Chronicle, 2002. .
Chronicle, 2009. . Second edition. With a foreword by Susan Kismaric. 80 photographs.
Diary of a Dancer. SteidlMack, 2005. .
Mother. Prestel, 2013. .
Midlife. Monacelli, 2019. . With a foreword by Kristen Roupenian.
Exhibitions
Solo exhibitions
1999: Print Room, The Photographers' Gallery, London
2005: It's me, Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art, Herzlia, Israel
2010: My Children, Centre pour la Fotografie Contemporaine Le Bleu du Ciel, Lyon
2014: Mother, Edwynn Houk Gallery, New York
2018: Getting Closer Becoming Mother; About Intimacy and Family 1993–2012, festival, main artist show, Cortona, Italy
2020: Elinor Carucci – Sheltering in Place: A Photographer’s Diary of Life in Isolation, the gallery of the University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO
Group exhibitions
2010–2011: Pictures by Women: a History of Modern Photography, Museum of Modern Art, New York, May 2010 – April 2011
2011: Insight, Fotomuseum Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, August–September 2011. With Alexandra Cool, Jacques Sonck and Elke Andreas Boon.
Awards
2000: "Thirty under 30 Young Photographers to Watch", Photo District News
2001: Winner, Best Young Photographer, Infinity Award, International Center of Photography, New York
2002: Guggenheim Fellowship, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
2010: Artists' Fellowship, New York Foundation for the Arts, New York
Collections
Carucci's work is held in the following permanent collections:
Museum of Modern Art, New York: 2 prints (as of 31 August 2023)
Jewish Museum, New York
Brooklyn Museum
Houston Museum of Fine Arts
Harwood Museum of Art, New Mexico
Fotomuseum Antwerp, Antwerp
References
External links
American photographers
Israeli photographers
Living people
Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design alumni
1971 births
American women photographers
Israeli emigrants to the United States
21st-century American women |
Popławy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańsk, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Brańsk, west of Bielsk Podlaski, and south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
References
Villages in Bielsk County |
Parastathes is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.
subgenus Antennastathes
Parastathes apicalis (Aurivillius, 1925)
subgenus Parastathes
Parastathes basalis (Gahan, 1907)
Parastathes flavicans (Gahan, 1907)
Parastathes moultoni (Aurivillius, 1914)
References
Astathini
Cerambycidae genera |
Jose Luis Ceballos (born 1963) is currently Principal at S-3 Group in Washington, DC. He was formerly the Government Affairs Director for the National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) until March 2021.
Ceballos graduated from Florida State University in 1991, and ran campaign operations for vice-presidential nominee John Edwards. Prior to the campaign, Ceballos served as director of Policy & Strategic Planning at the National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA), where he focused on grassroots advocacy campaigns. Ceballos has worked for Vice President Al Gore, Transportation Secretary Rodney Slater, and Commerce Secretary Ron Brown.
References
Living people
People from New York City
Florida State University alumni
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
1959 births |
Anthony Michael Teresa (December 8, 1933 – October 16, 1984) was an American gridiron football halfback. He played college football for San Jose State, then played professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL), National Football League (NFL), and American Football League (AFL).
Following his college career at San Jose State, Teresa played quarterback in the CFL for the BC Lions in 1956 and 1957. He completed 35.8% of his 67 passes for 371 yards. In 1958, Teresa played one game for the NFL's San Francisco 49ers. He later played one season for the AFL's Oakland Raiders. He was the first player to score a touchdown for the Raiders franchise. In the Raiders inaugural season, Teresa led the team in rushing touchdowns and receiving touchdowns, and threw one touchdown pass.
1933 births
1984 deaths
People from Pittsburg, California
Players of American football from Contra Costa County, California
American football running backs
Canadian football quarterbacks
Players of Canadian football from California
San Jose State Spartans football players
BC Lions players
San Francisco 49ers players
Oakland Raiders players
American Football League players |
Intaver Institute is a software development company that develops a suite of project management, risk analysis and risk managementapplications. Intaver Institute's product is project risk management and risk analysis software suite RiskyProject. Intaver Institute is a privately owned company headquartered in Naples, Florida, United States and Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Company
Intaver Institute Inc. was founded in 2002. Intaver Institute develops quantitative and qualitative risk analysis and risk management software. Particularly Intaver Institute develops software for schedule and cost risk analysis using Event chain methodology. Intaver Institute also performs project management and risk management consulting and training. Intaver Institute published papers and books on project risk management and decision analysis with particular focus on application of psychology of judgement and decision making in project management.
History
In 2004, Intaver launched RiskyProject 1.0 which featured project scheduling, Monte Carlo simulations of project schedules, multiple statistical distributions for task cost and durations, discrete risk event modelling, reporting, and integration with 3rd party project scheduling software. In 2005 Intaver Institute's reseller program launched its reseller program. In 2006 Intaver Institute started academic program, where RiskyProject software was offered with discounts for educational use.
In 2007, Intaver released RiskyProject 2 that included probabilistic and conditional branching, task success rate and crucial tasks analysis, reporting,
risk templates, probabilistic calendars, and probabilistic cost analysis charts. In 2009, Intaver released RiskyProject 3 that included an integrated risk register Risk register included risk customizable risk properties, risk categories. RiskyProject 3 also included integration with Microsoft Project using RiskyProject toolbars in Microsoft Project.
In 2010, Intaver release Risky Project 4 that included risk response and mitigation planning. Risk analysis of project cost was significantly improved. This release also included a management of non-schedule risks, such as safety, security, quality, etc. The release included a Microsoft Project 2010 Add-in that allows user to perform Monte Carlo simulations on cost and schedule inside Microsoft Project. In 2012, Intaver released RiskyProject 5 that included upgraded risk management features: history of risk changes, and risk reviews. Probability-Impact risk matrix included risk tolerance customization features and information about risk mitigation. In October 2014, Intaver released version 6 that included a new project portfolio risk management client/server application RiskyProject Enterprise to the existing RiskyProject Professional and Lite. RiskyProject 6 also implemented multiprocessing architecture. In January 2017, Intaver opened new US Headquarters located in Naples, Florida. In June 2017, Intaver released RiskyProject Lite, Professional, and Enterprise 7. In April 2022, Intaver Institute released RiskyProject version 7.2.
Products
RiskyProject is a suite of project risk analysis and management software that is used to analyse and manage risks across a variety of project types and industries. The RiskyProject suite provides software for both single desktop users to a client/server enterprise system. The RiskyProject suite of products includes RiskyProject Lite, RiskyProject Professional, and RiskyProject Enterprise.
RiskyProject Professional and Lite
RiskyProject Professional and Lite are desktop software that provides Monte Carlo risk analysis with Event Chain Methodology. Quantitative analysis
includes schedule risk, cost risk, and integrated cost and schedule risk. RiskyProject includes an integrated risk register with properties, reviews, and history. Risk assessment tools include a risk matrix and risk scores. Risk response features include mitigation plans with waterfall chart and pre and post-mitigation scores and baselines. RiskyProject includes Microsoft Project Add-in as well integrates with most scheduling software including Oracle Primavera, and others.
RiskyProject Enterprise
RiskyProject Enterprise is a client/server application launched in January 2014 that adds additional project portfolio risk analysis
and management capability when used in conjunction with RiskyProject desktop applications. In addition to the basic features that are found in the desktop software, RiskyProject Enterprise uses the desktop client to provide organization-wide risk registers, project
portfolio hierarchies, risk scores and ranking for portfolio, programs, and projects, organization-wide response and mitigation plans, risk analysis using RiskyProject Professional or Lite, and risk approval process based on different user roles and permissions.
See also
Monte Carlo simulation
List of project management topics
Event chain methodology
Risk register
Risk Breakdown Structure
References
External links
Project management software
Companies based in Calgary
Companies based in Alberta |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.dubbo.spring.starter.env;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.env.MapPropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.env.MutablePropertySources;
import org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import static org.apache.dubbo.spring.starter.util.DubboUtils.*;
/**
* The lowest precedence {@link EnvironmentPostProcessor} processes
* {@link SpringApplication#setDefaultProperties(Properties) Spring Boot default properties} for Dubbo
* as late as possible before {@link ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh() application context refresh}.
*/
public class DubboDefaultPropertiesEnvironmentPostProcessor implements EnvironmentPostProcessor, Ordered {
/**
* The name of default {@link PropertySource} defined in SpringApplication#configurePropertySources method.
*/
public static final String PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME = "defaultProperties";
/**
* The property name of "spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding".
* Please refer to: path_to_url#bean-overriding
*/
public static final String ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY = "spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding";
@Override
public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplication application) {
MutablePropertySources propertySources = environment.getPropertySources();
Map<String, Object> defaultProperties = createDefaultProperties(environment);
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(defaultProperties)) {
addOrReplace(propertySources, defaultProperties);
}
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
private Map<String, Object> createDefaultProperties(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
Map<String, Object> defaultProperties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
setDubboApplicationNameProperty(environment, defaultProperties);
setDubboConfigMultipleProperty(defaultProperties);
setDubboApplicationQosEnableProperty(defaultProperties);
setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(defaultProperties);
return defaultProperties;
}
private void setDubboApplicationNameProperty(Environment environment, Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
String springApplicationName = environment.getProperty(SPRING_APPLICATION_NAME_PROPERTY);
if (StringUtils.hasLength(springApplicationName)
&& !environment.containsProperty(DUBBO_APPLICATION_NAME_PROPERTY)) {
defaultProperties.put(DUBBO_APPLICATION_NAME_PROPERTY, springApplicationName);
}
}
private void setDubboConfigMultipleProperty(Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
defaultProperties.put(DUBBO_CONFIG_MULTIPLE_PROPERTY, Boolean.TRUE.toString());
}
private void setDubboApplicationQosEnableProperty(Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
defaultProperties.put(DUBBO_APPLICATION_QOS_ENABLE_PROPERTY, Boolean.FALSE.toString());
}
/**
* Set {@link #ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY "spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding"} to be
* <code>true</code> as default.
*
* @param defaultProperties the default {@link Properties properties}
* @see #ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY
* @since 2.7.1
*/
private void setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
defaultProperties.put(ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY, Boolean.TRUE.toString());
}
/**
* Copy from BusEnvironmentPostProcessor#addOrReplace(MutablePropertySources, Map)
*
* @param propertySources {@link MutablePropertySources}
* @param map Default Dubbo Properties
*/
private void addOrReplace(MutablePropertySources propertySources,
Map<String, Object> map) {
MapPropertySource target = null;
if (propertySources.contains(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME)) {
PropertySource<?> source = propertySources.get(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME);
if (source instanceof MapPropertySource) {
target = (MapPropertySource) source;
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
if (!target.containsProperty(key)) {
target.getSource().put(key, map.get(key));
}
}
}
}
if (target == null) {
target = new MapPropertySource(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, map);
}
if (!propertySources.contains(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME)) {
propertySources.addLast(target);
}
}
}
``` |
Cape San Juan Light (Faro de Las Cabezas de San Juan) is a historic lighthouse located on the northeastern part of the highest point of Cape San Juan in Fajardo, Puerto Rico. The lighthouse was constructed in 1880 and was officially lit on May 2, 1882. The original illuminating apparatus, not changed until after 1898, had an range and displayed a fixed white light which every three minutes flashed red.
The lighthouse owned by the Puerto Rico Conservation Trust is part of the Las Cabezas de San Juan Nature Reserve. The reserve includes a bioluminescence bay, rare flora and fauna, various trails and boardwalks, and a scientific research center. Despite its small size, the reserve shelters seven different ecological systems, including beaches, lagoons, dry forest, coral reefs and mangroves.
In 1898, the lighthouse played a major role in the Battle of Fajardo during the Puerto Rican Campaign of the Spanish–American War. The lighthouse was listed in the National Register of Historic Places by the United States government on October 22, 1981.
In 2001, under the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act, it became the first lighthouse to be transferred to a non-governmental organization in Puerto Rico.
Gallery
See also
List of lighthouses in Puerto Rico
References
External links
Faro De Las Cabezas De San Juan. National Park Service
Las Cabezas de San Juan Reserva Natural 'El Faro'. Lonely Planet review
Puerto Rico Conservation Trust
Lighthouses completed in 1882
Fajardo, Puerto Rico
Historic American Engineering Record in Puerto Rico
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
Spanish Colonial architecture in Puerto Rico
Neoclassical architecture in Puerto Rico
1882 establishments in Puerto Rico |
Chirnside Park is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 38 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Chirnside Park recorded a population of 11,779 at the .
History
From 1838, the area formed part of an extensive grazing grant that was developed further by a succession of owners up until the 1920s. The original sub-division of Chirnside Park was, at that time, known as Mooroolbark Park. Around of mainly rich black basaltic soil was grazed and cultivated, watered from two perpetual springs.
In 1921, George Chirnside sold Werribee Park, moving the family's stud herds and the contents of Werribee Mansion to Mooroolbark Park. After George Chirnside's death in 1941, permission to sell the estate was given in 1950 and finalised some years later. Subdivision was approved by the then Shire of Lillydale in 1956 with the residential area, centred on the two-storey stone homestead, country club and golf course, named Chirnside Park in 1962 in honour of Thomas Chirnside, who founded the Chirnside empire in 1839.
Amadeo DeVincentiis, an Italian from Abruzzo, also owned great swathes of what is now known as Chirnside Park. However, he sold it for a paltry amount in the 1960s, and within years the fortunate purchasers stood to make thousands. Amadeo attempted to rescind the sale, spending thousands, but failed.
Formerly West Lilydale, the surrounding region became known as Chirnside Park in the 1970s, the Post Office opening on 25 September 1979.
Chirnside Park today
Nominally a suburb, Chirnside Park is a satellite community of Lilydale. Thus the services that cannot be met in the nearby shopping complex are found elsewhere. The residential area was originally structured around the large 18-hole golf course, although this has now been closed and a new estate known as Cloverlea has commenced construction, with dwellings on the North Eastern corner now completed. Further residential development exists to the west and north. Some new medical facilities have arrived recently. Chirnside Park Family Clinic is one of them.
In area, however, most of the 'suburb' still retains a rural flavour, extending well into the Yarra Valley to the north, with commercial wineries, orchards and livestock farming, as well as large area residential estates. The Heritage Golf and Country Club, designed by Jack Nicklaus, also nestles in the northwest corner of the suburb directly on the Yarra River.
The Chirnside Park Shopping Centre is located within the suburb.
Schools
Private Schools
Oxley College (Chirnside Park).
Most Private Schools offer P-12 education.
Government Schools
Chirnside Park Primary School
Sport
The suburb has an Australian Rules football club as well as a Netball Club (established in the late 1990s), the Chirnside Park Panthers, competing in the Eastern Football League and Lilydale & Yarra Valley Netball Association.
Chirnside Park is also the home of the St Edmunds Basketball Club, one of Australia's largest basketball clubs, based out of the Oxley Stadium, competing in the Kilsyth & Mountain District Basketball Association.
The Chirnside Park Cricket club competes in the Ringwood District Cricket Association. Established in 1984, the 'Panthers' Chirnside Park CC is located 35 km east of Melbourne and is primarily affiliated with both the Ringwood District CA and the Women's Competition. Located at Kimberley Reserve, Kimberley Drive, Chirnside Park Cricket Club has 8 senior teams (6 men's, 1 women's & 1 winter men's), multiple junior teams (3 x U10, 3 x U12, U12 girls, 3 x U14, U15 girls & U18), and a Woolworths Junior Blasters.
Demographics
At the , Chirnside Park had a population of 9,872 people.
The median age of the Chirnside Park residents was 39 years of age, one year over the Australian average. 75.4% of residents were born in Australia, compared to the Australian average of 66.7%. The other top responses for country of birth were England 5.3%, Italy 1.7%, and New Zealand 1.3%.
When asked about religion, the most common response was "No Religion" (35.1%), followed by Catholic (23.3%), and Anglican (11.9%).
References
External links
St Edmunds 'Saints' Basketball Club
Oxley College Co-Educational Christian School
Australian Places - Chirnside Park
Chirnside Park Primary School
Suburbs of Melbourne
Yarra Ranges Shire |
```c++
#include "filestorhandlerimpl.h"
#include "filestormetrics.h"
#include "mergestatus.h"
#include <vespa/storageapi/message/bucketsplitting.h>
#include <vespa/storageapi/message/persistence.h>
#include <vespa/storage/bucketdb/storbucketdb.h>
#include <vespa/storage/common/statusmessages.h>
#include <vespa/storage/common/messagebucket.h>
#include <vespa/storage/persistence/asynchandler.h>
#include <vespa/storage/persistence/messages.h>
#include <vespa/storageapi/message/stat.h>
#include <vespa/vespalib/stllike/hash_map.hpp>
#include <vespa/vespalib/stllike/hash_set.hpp>
#include <vespa/vespalib/util/exceptions.h>
#include <vespa/vespalib/util/string_escape.h>
#include <vespa/log/log.h>
LOG_SETUP(".persistence.filestor.handler.impl");
using document::BucketSpace;
using vespalib::xml_attribute_escaped;
using vespalib::xml_content_escaped;
namespace storage {
namespace {
uint32_t per_stripe_merge_limit(uint32_t num_threads, uint32_t num_stripes) noexcept {
// Rationale: to avoid starving client ops we want to ensure that not all persistence
// threads in any given stripe can be blocked by processing merges all at the same time.
// We therefore allocate half of the per-stripe threads to non-merge operations.
// Note that if the _total_ number of threads is small and odd (e.g. 3 or 5), it's still
// possible to have a stripe where all threads are busy processing merges because there
// is only 1 thread in the stripe in total.
return std::max(1u, (num_threads / num_stripes) / 2);
}
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::FileStorHandlerImpl(MessageSender& sender, FileStorMetrics& metrics,
ServiceLayerComponentRegister& compReg)
: FileStorHandlerImpl(1, 1, sender, metrics, compReg, vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::DynamicThrottleParams())
{
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::FileStorHandlerImpl(uint32_t numThreads, uint32_t numStripes, MessageSender& sender,
FileStorMetrics& metrics,
ServiceLayerComponentRegister& compReg,
const vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::DynamicThrottleParams& dyn_throttle_params)
: _component(compReg, "filestorhandlerimpl"),
_state(FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE),
_metrics(&metrics),
_dynamic_operation_throttler(vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::make_dynamic_throttler(dyn_throttle_params)),
_unlimited_operation_throttler(vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::make_unlimited_throttler()),
_active_throttler(_unlimited_operation_throttler.get()), // Will be set by FileStorManager
_stripes(),
_messageSender(sender),
_bucketIdFactory(_component.getBucketIdFactory()),
_max_active_merges_per_stripe(per_stripe_merge_limit(numThreads, numStripes)),
_paused(false),
_throttle_apply_bucket_diff_ops(false),
_last_active_operations_stats(),
_max_feed_op_batch_size(1)
{
assert(numStripes > 0);
_stripes.reserve(numStripes);
for (size_t i(0); i < numStripes; i++) {
_stripes.emplace_back(*this, sender);
}
uint32_t j(0);
for (Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.setMetrics(_metrics->stripes[j++].get());
}
// Add update hook, so we will get callbacks each 5 seconds to update metrics.
_component.registerMetricUpdateHook(*this, 5s);
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::~FileStorHandlerImpl()
{
waitUntilNoLocks();
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::addMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket, std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus> status)
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
if (_mergeStates.find(bucket) != _mergeStates.end()) {
LOG(warning, "A merge status already existed for %s. Overwriting it.", bucket.toString().c_str());
}
_mergeStates[bucket] = status;
}
std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus>
FileStorHandlerImpl::editMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket)
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus> status = _mergeStates[bucket];
if ( ! status ) {
throw vespalib::IllegalStateException("No merge state exist for " + bucket.toString(), VESPA_STRLOC);
}
return status;
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::isMerging(const document::Bucket& bucket) const
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
return (_mergeStates.find(bucket) != _mergeStates.end());
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::clearMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket)
{
clearMergeStatus(bucket, nullptr);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::clearMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket, const api::ReturnCode& code)
{
clearMergeStatus(bucket, &code);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::clearMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket, const api::ReturnCode* code)
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
auto it = _mergeStates.find(bucket);
if (it == _mergeStates.end()) {
if (code != nullptr) {
LOG(debug, "Merge state not present at the time of clear. "
"Could not fail merge of bucket %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
} else {
LOG(debug, "No merge state to clear for bucket %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str());
}
return;
}
if (code != nullptr) {
std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus> statusPtr(it->second);
assert(statusPtr.get());
MergeStatus& status(*statusPtr);
if (status.reply.get()) {
status.reply->setResult(*code);
LOG(debug, "Aborting merge. Replying merge of %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
_messageSender.sendReply(status.reply);
}
if (status.pendingGetDiff.get()) {
status.pendingGetDiff->setResult(*code);
LOG(debug, "Aborting merge. Replying getdiff of %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
_messageSender.sendReply(status.pendingGetDiff);
}
if (status.pendingApplyDiff.get()) {
status.pendingApplyDiff->setResult(*code);
LOG(debug, "Aborting merge. Replying applydiff of %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
_messageSender.sendReply(status.pendingApplyDiff);
}
}
_mergeStates.erase(bucket);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::flush(bool killPendingMerges)
{
LOG(debug, "Wait until queues and bucket locks released.");
flush();
LOG(debug, "All queues and bucket locks released.");
if (killPendingMerges) {
std::map<document::Bucket, std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus>> my_merge_states;
{
std::lock_guard mergeGuard(_mergeStatesLock);
std::swap(_mergeStates, my_merge_states);
}
api::ReturnCode code(api::ReturnCode::ABORTED, "Storage node is shutting down");
for (auto & entry : my_merge_states) {
MergeStatus& s(*entry.second);
if (s.pendingGetDiff) {
s.pendingGetDiff->setResult(code);
_messageSender.sendReply(s.pendingGetDiff);
}
if (s.pendingApplyDiff) {
s.pendingApplyDiff->setResult(code);
_messageSender.sendReply(s.pendingApplyDiff);
}
if (s.reply) {
s.reply->setResult(code);
_messageSender.sendReply(s.reply);
}
}
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::setDiskState(DiskState state)
{
// Mark disk closed
setState(state);
if (state != FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
flush();
}
}
FileStorHandler::DiskState
FileStorHandlerImpl::getDiskState() const
{
return getState();
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::close()
{
if (getDiskState() == FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
LOG(debug, "AVAILABLE -> CLOSED");
setDiskState(FileStorHandler::CLOSED);
}
LOG(debug, "Closing");
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.broadcast();
}
LOG(debug, "Closed");
}
uint32_t
FileStorHandlerImpl::getQueueSize() const
{
size_t sum(0);
for (const auto & stripe : _stripes) {
sum += stripe.get_cached_queue_size();
}
return sum;
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::schedule(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage>& msg)
{
if (getState() == FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
document::Bucket bucket = getStorageMessageBucket(*msg);
return stripe(bucket).schedule(MessageEntry(msg, bucket, _component.getClock().getMonotonicTime()));
}
return false;
}
FileStorHandler::ScheduleAsyncResult
FileStorHandlerImpl::schedule_and_get_next_async_message(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage>& msg)
{
if (getState() == FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
document::Bucket bucket = getStorageMessageBucket(*msg);
return ScheduleAsyncResult(stripe(bucket).schedule_and_get_next_async_message(MessageEntry(msg, bucket, _component.getClock().getMonotonicTime())));
}
return {};
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::reconfigure_dynamic_throttler(const vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::DynamicThrottleParams& params)
{
_dynamic_operation_throttler->reconfigure_dynamic_throttling(params);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::use_dynamic_operation_throttling(bool use_dynamic) noexcept
{
// Use release semantics instead of relaxed to ensure transitive visibility even in
// non-persistence threads that try to invoke the throttler (i.e. RPC threads).
_active_throttler.store(use_dynamic ? _dynamic_operation_throttler.get()
: _unlimited_operation_throttler.get(),
std::memory_order_release);
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::messageMayBeAborted(const api::StorageMessage& msg)
{
if (msg.getType().isReply()) {
return false;
}
// Create/DeleteBucket have already updated the bucket database before
// being scheduled and must be allowed through to avoid getting out of
// sync between the service layer and the provider.
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::SPLITBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::JOINBUCKETS_ID:
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVELOCATION_ID:
case api::MessageType::SETBUCKETSTATE_ID:
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::abortQueuedOperations(const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd)
{
// Do queue clearing and active operation waiting in two passes
// to allow disk threads to drain running operations in parallel.
api::ReturnCode abortedCode(api::ReturnCode::ABORTED,
"Sending distributor no longer owns bucket operation was bound to, "
"or storage node went down");
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>> aborted;
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.abort(aborted, cmd);
}
for (auto & msgReply : aborted) {
msgReply->setResult(abortedCode);
_messageSender.sendReply(msgReply);
}
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.waitInactive(cmd);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::update_active_operations_metrics()
{
auto& metrics = _metrics->active_operations;
auto stats = get_active_operations_stats(true);
auto& last_stats = _last_active_operations_stats;
auto delta_stats = stats;
if (last_stats.has_value()) {
delta_stats -= last_stats.value();
}
last_stats = stats;
uint32_t size_samples = delta_stats.get_size_samples();
if (size_samples != 0) {
double min_size = delta_stats.get_min_size().value_or(0);
double max_size = delta_stats.get_max_size().value_or(0);
double avg_size = ((double) delta_stats.get_total_size()) / size_samples;
metrics.size.addValueBatch(avg_size, size_samples, min_size, max_size);
}
uint32_t latency_samples = delta_stats.get_latency_samples();
if (latency_samples != 0) {
double min_latency = delta_stats.get_min_latency().value_or(0.0);
double max_latency = delta_stats.get_max_latency().value_or(0.0);
double avg_latency = delta_stats.get_total_latency() / latency_samples;
metrics.latency.addValueBatch(avg_latency, latency_samples, min_latency, max_latency);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::updateMetrics(const MetricLockGuard &)
{
std::lock_guard lockGuard(_mergeStatesLock);
_metrics->pendingMerges.addValue(_mergeStates.size());
_metrics->queueSize.addValue(getQueueSize());
_metrics->throttle_window_size.addValue(operation_throttler().current_window_size());
_metrics->throttle_waiting_threads.addValue(operation_throttler().waiting_threads());
_metrics->throttle_active_tokens.addValue(operation_throttler().current_active_token_count());
for (const auto & stripe : _metrics->stripes) {
const auto & m = stripe->averageQueueWaitingTime;
_metrics->averageQueueWaitingTime.addTotalValueWithCount(m.getTotal(), m.getCount());
}
update_active_operations_metrics();
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::tryHandlePause() const
{
if (isPaused()) {
// Wait a single time to see if filestor gets unpaused.
if (!isClosed()) {
std::unique_lock g(_pauseMonitor);
_pauseCond.wait_for(g, 100ms);
}
return !isPaused();
}
return true;
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::messageTimedOutInQueue(const api::StorageMessage& msg, vespalib::duration waitTime)
{
if (msg.getType().isReply()) {
return false; // Replies must always be processed and cannot time out.
}
return (waitTime >= static_cast<const api::StorageCommand&>(msg).getTimeout());
}
std::unique_ptr<api::StorageReply>
FileStorHandlerImpl::makeQueueTimeoutReply(api::StorageMessage& msg)
{
assert(!msg.getType().isReply());
std::unique_ptr<api::StorageReply> msgReply = static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(msg).makeReply();
msgReply->setResult(api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::TIMEOUT, "Message waited too long in storage queue"));
return msgReply;
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::getNextMessage(uint32_t stripeId, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
if (!tryHandlePause()) {
return {}; // Still paused, return to allow tick.
}
return _stripes[stripeId].getNextMessage(deadline);
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessageBatch
FileStorHandlerImpl::next_message_batch(uint32_t stripe_id, vespalib::steady_time now, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
if (!tryHandlePause()) {
return {};
}
return _stripes[stripe_id].next_message_batch(now, deadline);
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::LockedMessageBatch::release_as_single_msg() noexcept
{
assert(lock && messages.size() == 1);
return {std::move(lock), std::move(messages[0].first), std::move(messages[0].second)};
}
std::shared_ptr<FileStorHandler::BucketLockInterface>
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::lock(const document::Bucket &bucket, api::LockingRequirements lockReq) {
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (isLocked(guard, bucket, lockReq)) {
LOG(spam, "Contending for filestor lock for %s with %s access",
bucket.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), api::to_string(lockReq));
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
return std::make_shared<BucketLock>(guard, *this, bucket, 255, api::MessageType::INTERNAL_ID, 0, lockReq);
}
namespace {
struct MultiLockGuard {
using monitor_guard = FileStorHandlerImpl::monitor_guard;
std::map<uint16_t, std::mutex*> monitors;
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<monitor_guard>> guards;
MultiLockGuard();
MultiLockGuard(const MultiLockGuard &) = delete;
MultiLockGuard & operator=(const MultiLockGuard &) = delete;
~MultiLockGuard();
void addLock(std::mutex & lock, uint16_t stripe_index) {
monitors[stripe_index] = & lock;
}
void lock() {
for (auto & entry : monitors) {
guards.push_back(std::make_shared<monitor_guard>(*entry.second));
}
}
};
MultiLockGuard::MultiLockGuard() = default;
MultiLockGuard::~MultiLockGuard() = default;
document::DocumentId
getDocId(const api::StorageMessage& msg) {
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::GET_ID:
return static_cast<const api::GetCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
return static_cast<const api::PutCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::UpdateCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::RemoveCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
default:
LOG_ABORT("should not be reached");
}
}
uint32_t
findCommonBits(document::BucketId a, document::BucketId b) {
if (a.getUsedBits() > b.getUsedBits()) {
a.setUsedBits(b.getUsedBits());
} else {
b.setUsedBits(a.getUsedBits());
}
for (uint32_t i=a.getUsedBits() - 1; i>0; --i) {
if (a == b) return i + 1;
a.setUsedBits(i);
b.setUsedBits(i);
}
return (a == b ? 1 : 0);
}
}
int
FileStorHandlerImpl::calculateTargetBasedOnDocId(const api::StorageMessage& msg, std::vector<RemapInfo*>& targets)
{
document::DocumentId id(getDocId(msg));
document::Bucket bucket(msg.getBucket().getBucketSpace(), _bucketIdFactory.getBucketId(id));
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < targets.size(); i++) {
if (targets[i]->bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0 &&
targets[i]->bucket.getBucketSpace() == bucket.getBucketSpace() &&
targets[i]->bucket.getBucketId().contains(bucket.getBucketId())) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
namespace {
const char *
splitOrJoin(FileStorHandlerImpl::Operation op) {
return (op == FileStorHandlerImpl::Operation::SPLIT) ? "Bucket was just split" : "Bucket was just joined";
}
}
document::Bucket
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapMessage(api::StorageMessage& msg, const document::Bucket& source, Operation op,
std::vector<RemapInfo*>& targets, api::ReturnCode& returnCode)
{
document::Bucket newBucket = source;
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::GET_ID:
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
// Move to correct queue
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op == SPLIT) {
int idx = calculateTargetBasedOnDocId(msg, targets);
if (idx > -1) {
cmd.remapBucketId(targets[idx]->bucket.getBucketId());
targets[idx]->foundInQueue = true;
newBucket = targets[idx]->bucket;
} else {
document::DocumentId did(getDocId(msg));
document::BucketId bucket = _bucketIdFactory.getBucketId(did);
uint32_t commonBits(findCommonBits(targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId(), bucket));
if (commonBits < source.getBucketId().getUsedBits()) {
std::ostringstream ost;
ost << bucket << " belongs in neither "
<< targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId() << " nor " << targets[1]->bucket.getBucketId()
<< ". Cannot remap it after split. It "
<< "did not belong in the original "
<< "bucket " << source.getBucketId();
LOG(error, "Error remapping %s after split %s",
cmd.getType().toString().c_str(), ost.str().c_str());
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::REJECTED, ost.str());
} else {
std::ostringstream ost;
assert(targets.size() == 2);
ost << "Bucket " << source.getBucketId() << " was split and "
<< "neither bucket " << targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId() << " nor "
<< targets[1]->bucket.getBucketId() << " fit for this operation. "
<< "Failing operation so distributor can create "
<< "bucket on correct node.";
LOG(debug, "%s", ost.str().c_str());
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, ost.str());
}
}
} else {
LOG(debug, "Remapping %s operation to bucket %s",
cmd.toString().c_str(), targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId().toString().c_str());
cmd.remapBucketId(targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId());
newBucket = targets[0]->bucket;
}
} else {
LOG(debug, "Did not remap %s with bucket %s from bucket %s",
cmd.toString().c_str(), cmd.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), source.toString().c_str());
LOG_ABORT("should not be reached");
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
// Move to correct queue including filestor thread state
// if op == MOVE. If op != MOVE, fail with bucket not found
// and clear filestor thread state
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
std::ostringstream ost;
ost << "Bucket " << (op == SPLIT ? "split" : "joined")
<< ". Cannot remap merge, so aborting it";
api::ReturnCode code(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, ost.str());
clearMergeStatus(cmd.getBucket(), &code);
}
}
// Follow onto next to move queue or fail
}
[[fallthrough]];
case api::MessageType::SPLITBUCKET_ID:
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op is JOIN
// Ok if op is SPLIT, as we have already done as requested.
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op == MOVE) {
} else if (op == SPLIT) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, "Bucket split while operation enqueued");
} else {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, "Bucket was just joined");
}
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::STAT_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVELOCATION_ID:
case api::MessageType::SETBUCKETSTATE_ID:
{
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op != MOVE
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, splitOrJoin(op));
}
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::CREATEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::JOINBUCKETS_ID:
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE. Otherwise ignore.
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op == MOVE) {
}
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::INTERNAL_ID:
{
const api::InternalCommand& icmd(static_cast<const api::InternalCommand&>(msg));
document::Bucket bucket;
switch(icmd.getType()) {
case RequestStatusPage::ID:
// Ignore
break;
case CreateIteratorCommand::ID:
bucket = static_cast<CreateIteratorCommand&>(msg).getBucket();
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op != MOVE
if (bucket == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, splitOrJoin(op));
}
}
break;
case GetIterCommand::ID:
bucket = static_cast<GetIterCommand&>(msg).getBucket();
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op != MOVE
if (bucket == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, splitOrJoin(op));
}
}
break;
case RecheckBucketInfoCommand::ID:
{
LOG(debug, "While remapping load for bucket %s for reason %u, "
"we abort read bucket info request for this bucket.",
source.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), op);
break;
}
case RunTaskCommand::ID:
LOG(debug, "While remapping load for bucket %s for reason %u, "
"we fail the RunTaskCommand.",
source.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), op);
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::INTERNAL_FAILURE,
"Will not run task that should be remapped.");
break;
default:
// Fail and log error
{
LOG(error, "Attempted (and failed) to remap %s which should not be processed at this time",
msg.toString(true).c_str());
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::INTERNAL_FAILURE,
"No such message should be processed at this time.");
break;
}
}
break;
}
default:
{
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::INTERNAL_FAILURE, "Unknown message type in persistence layer");
LOG(error, "Unknown message type in persistence layer: %s", msg.toString().c_str());
}
} // End of switch
return newBucket;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueueNoLock(const RemapInfo& source, std::vector<RemapInfo*>& targets, Operation op)
{
BucketIdx& idx(stripe(source.bucket).exposeBucketIdx());
auto range(idx.equal_range(source.bucket));
std::vector<MessageEntry> entriesFound;
// Find all the messages for the given bucket.
for (BucketIdx::iterator i = range.first; i != range.second; ++i) {
assert(i->_bucket == source.bucket);
entriesFound.push_back(std::move(*i));
}
// Remove them
idx.erase(range.first, range.second);
// Reinsert all that can be remapped.
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entriesFound.size(); ++i) {
// If set to something other than source.diskIndex, move this message
// to that queue.
MessageEntry& entry = entriesFound[i];
// If not OK, reply to this message with the following message
api::ReturnCode returnCode(api::ReturnCode::OK);
api::StorageMessage& msg(*entry._command);
assert(entry._bucket == source.bucket);
document::Bucket bucket = remapMessage(msg, source.bucket, op, targets, returnCode);
if (returnCode.getResult() != api::ReturnCode::OK) {
// Fail message if errorcode set
if (!msg.getType().isReply()) {
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply> rep = static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(msg).makeReply();
LOG(spam, "Sending reply %s because remapping failed: %s",
msg.toString().c_str(), returnCode.toString().c_str());
rep->setResult(returnCode);
_messageSender.sendReply(rep);
}
} else {
entry._bucket = bucket;
// Move to correct disk queue if needed
assert(bucket == source.bucket || std::find_if(targets.begin(), targets.end(), [bucket](auto* e){
return e->bucket == bucket;
}) != targets.end());
stripe(bucket).exposeQueue().emplace_back(std::move(entry));
}
}
stripe(source.bucket).unsafe_update_cached_queue_size();
for (const auto *target: targets) {
stripe(target->bucket).unsafe_update_cached_queue_size();
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueueAfterJoin(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target)
{
remapQueue(source, target, FileStorHandlerImpl::JOIN);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueueAfterSplit(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target1, RemapInfo& target2)
{
remapQueue(source, target1, target2, FileStorHandlerImpl::SPLIT);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueue(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target, Operation op)
{
// Use a helper class to lock to solve issue that some buckets might be
// the same bucket. Will fix order if we accept wrong order later.
MultiLockGuard guard;
guard.addLock(stripe(source.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(source.bucket));
if (target.bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
guard.addLock(stripe(target.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(target.bucket));
}
std::vector<RemapInfo*> targets;
targets.push_back(&target);
guard.lock();
remapQueueNoLock(source, targets, op);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueue(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target1, RemapInfo& target2, Operation op)
{
// Use a helper class to lock to solve issue that some buckets might be
// the same bucket. Will fix order if we accept wrong order later.
MultiLockGuard guard;
guard.addLock(stripe(source.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(source.bucket));
if (target1.bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
guard.addLock(stripe(target1.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(target1.bucket));
}
if (target2.bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
guard.addLock(stripe(target2.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(target2.bucket));
}
guard.lock();
std::vector<RemapInfo*> targets;
targets.push_back(&target1);
targets.push_back(&target2);
remapQueueNoLock(source, targets, op);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::failOperations(const document::Bucket &bucket, const api::ReturnCode& err)
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
BucketIdx& idx(bmi::get<2>(*_queue));
std::pair<BucketIdx::iterator, BucketIdx::iterator> range(idx.equal_range(bucket));
for (auto iter = range.first; iter != range.second;) {
// We want to post delete bucket to list before calling this
// function in order to release bucket database lock. Thus we
// cannot delete the delete bucket operation itself
if (iter->_command->getType() != api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET) {
if (!iter->_command->getType().isReply()) {
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply> msgReply = static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(*iter->_command).makeReply();
msgReply->setResult(err);
_messageSender.sendReply(msgReply);
}
iter = idx.erase(iter);
} else {
++iter;
}
}
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::sendCommand(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageCommand>& msg)
{
_messageSender.sendCommand(msg);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::sendReply(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>& msg)
{
_messageSender.sendReply(msg);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::sendReplyDirectly(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>& msg)
{
_messageSender.sendReplyDirectly(msg);
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::MessageEntry(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage>& cmd,
const document::Bucket& bucket,
vespalib::steady_time scheduled_at_time)
: _command(cmd),
_timer(scheduled_at_time),
_bucket(bucket),
_priority(cmd->getPriority())
{ }
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::MessageEntry(const MessageEntry& entry) noexcept
: _command(entry._command),
_timer(entry._timer),
_bucket(entry._bucket),
_priority(entry._priority)
{ }
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::MessageEntry(MessageEntry && entry) noexcept
: _command(std::move(entry._command)),
_timer(entry._timer),
_bucket(entry._bucket),
_priority(entry._priority)
{ }
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::~MessageEntry() = default;
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::~Stripe() = default;
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::Stripe(Stripe &&) noexcept = default;
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::flush()
{
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.flush();
}
}
uint64_t
FileStorHandlerImpl::dispersed_bucket_bits(const document::Bucket& bucket) noexcept {
return vespalib::xxhash::xxh3_64(bucket.getBucketId().getId());
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::Stripe(const FileStorHandlerImpl & owner, MessageSender & messageSender)
: _owner(owner),
_messageSender(messageSender),
_metrics(nullptr),
_lock(std::make_unique<std::mutex>()),
_cond(std::make_unique<std::condition_variable>()),
_queue(std::make_unique<PriorityQueue>()),
_cached_queue_size(_queue->size()),
_lockedBuckets(),
_active_merges(0),
_active_operations_stats()
{}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::operation_type_should_be_throttled(api::MessageType::Id type_id) const noexcept
{
// Note: SetBucketState is intentionally _not_ included in this set, even though it's
// dispatched async. The rationale behind this is that SetBucketState is very cheap
// to execute, usually comes in large waves (up to #buckets count) and processing all
// requests should complete as quickly as possible. We also don't want such waves to
// artificially boost the dynamic throttle window size due to a sudden throughput spike.
//
// Merge-related operations are transitively throttled by using the operation throttler
// directly for all async ops within the MergeHandler.
switch (type_id) {
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVELOCATION_ID:
case api::MessageType::CREATEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET_ID:
return true;
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
return _owner.throttle_apply_bucket_diff_ops();
default:
return false;
}
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::next_message_impl(monitor_guard& guard, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
ThrottleToken throttle_token;
// Try to grab a message+lock, immediately retrying once after a wait
// if none can be found and then exiting if the same is the case on the
// second attempt. This is key to allowing the run loop to register
// ticks at regular intervals while not busy-waiting.
for (int attempt = 0; (attempt < 2) && !_owner.isPaused(); ++attempt) {
PriorityIdx& idx(bmi::get<1>(*_queue));
PriorityIdx::iterator iter(idx.begin()), end(idx.end());
bool was_throttled = false;
while ((iter != end) && operationIsInhibited(guard, iter->_bucket, *iter->_command)) {
iter++;
}
if (iter != end) {
const bool should_throttle_op = operation_type_should_be_throttled(iter->_command->getType().getId());
if (!should_throttle_op && throttle_token.valid()) {
throttle_token.reset(); // Let someone else play with it.
} else if (should_throttle_op && !throttle_token.valid()) {
// Important: _non-blocking_ attempt at getting a throttle token.
throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().try_acquire_one();
if (!throttle_token.valid()) {
was_throttled = true;
_metrics->throttled_persistence_thread_polls.inc();
}
}
if (!should_throttle_op || throttle_token.valid()) {
return getMessage(guard, idx, iter, std::move(throttle_token));
}
}
if (attempt == 0) {
// Depending on whether we were blocked due to no usable ops in queue or throttling,
// wait for either the queue or throttler to (hopefully) have some fresh stuff for us.
if (!was_throttled) {
_cond->wait_until(guard, deadline);
} else {
// Have to release lock before doing a blocking throttle token fetch, since it
// prevents RPC threads from pushing onto the queue.
guard.unlock();
throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().blocking_acquire_one(deadline);
guard.lock();
if (!throttle_token.valid()) {
_metrics->timeouts_waiting_for_throttle_token.inc();
return {}; // Already exhausted our timeout window.
}
}
}
}
return {}; // No message fetched.
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::getNextMessage(vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
return next_message_impl(guard, deadline);
}
namespace {
constexpr bool is_batchable_feed_op(api::MessageType::Id id) noexcept {
return (id == api::MessageType::PUT_ID ||
id == api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID ||
id == api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID);
}
// Precondition: msg must be a feed operation request (put, remove, update)
document::GlobalId gid_from_feed_op(const api::StorageMessage& msg) {
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
return static_cast<const api::PutCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId().getGlobalId();
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::RemoveCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId().getGlobalId();
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::UpdateCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId().getGlobalId();
default: abort();
}
}
} // anon ns
FileStorHandler::LockedMessageBatch
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::next_message_batch(vespalib::steady_time now, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
const auto max_batch_size = _owner.max_feed_op_batch_size();
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
auto initial_locked = next_message_impl(guard, deadline);
if (!initial_locked.lock || !is_batchable_feed_op(initial_locked.msg->getType().getId()) || (max_batch_size == 1)) {
return LockedMessageBatch(std::move(initial_locked));
}
LockedMessageBatch batch(std::move(initial_locked));
fill_feed_op_batch(guard, batch, max_batch_size, now);
return batch;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::fill_feed_op_batch(monitor_guard& guard, LockedMessageBatch& batch,
uint32_t max_batch_size, vespalib::steady_time now)
{
assert(batch.size() == 1);
assert(guard.owns_lock());
BucketIdx& idx = bmi::get<2>(*_queue);
auto bucket_msgs = idx.equal_range(batch.lock->getBucket());
// Process in FIFO order (_not_ priority order) until we hit the end, a non-batchable operation
// (implicit pipeline stall since bucket set might change) or can't get another throttle token.
// We also stall the pipeline if we get a concurrent modification to the same document (not expected,
// as the distributors should prevent this, but _technically_ it is possible).
const auto expected_max_size = std::min(ssize_t(max_batch_size), std::distance(bucket_msgs.first, bucket_msgs.second) + 1);
vespalib::hash_set<document::GlobalId, document::GlobalId::hash> gids_in_batch(expected_max_size);
gids_in_batch.insert(gid_from_feed_op(*batch.messages[0].first));
for (auto it = bucket_msgs.first; (it != bucket_msgs.second) && (batch.messages.size() < max_batch_size);) {
if (!is_batchable_feed_op(it->_command->getType().getId())) {
break;
}
auto [existing_iter, inserted] = gids_in_batch.insert(gid_from_feed_op(*it->_command));
if (!inserted) {
break; // Already present in batch
}
if (messageTimedOutInQueue(*it->_command, now - it->_timer.start_time())) {
// We just ignore timed out ops here; actually generating a timeout reply will be done by
// next_message_impl() during a subsequent invocation. This avoids having to deal with any
// potential issues caused by sending a reply up while holding the queue lock, since we
// can't release it here.
++it;
continue;
}
auto throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().try_acquire_one();
if (!throttle_token.valid()) {
break;
}
// Note: iterator is const; can't std::move(it->_command)
batch.messages.emplace_back(it->_command, std::move(throttle_token));
it = idx.erase(it);
}
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::get_next_async_message(monitor_guard& guard)
{
if (_owner.isPaused()) {
return {};
}
PriorityIdx& idx(bmi::get<1>(*_queue));
PriorityIdx::iterator iter(idx.begin()), end(idx.end());
while ((iter != end) && operationIsInhibited(guard, iter->_bucket, *iter->_command)) {
++iter;
}
if ((iter != end) && AsyncHandler::is_async_unconditional_message(*(iter->_command))) {
// This is executed in the context of an RPC thread, so only do a _non-blocking_
// poll of the throttle policy.
auto throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().try_acquire_one();
if (throttle_token.valid()) {
return getMessage(guard, idx, iter, std::move(throttle_token));
} else {
_metrics->throttled_rpc_direct_dispatches.inc();
}
}
return {};
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::getMessage(monitor_guard & guard, PriorityIdx & idx, PriorityIdx::iterator iter,
ThrottleToken throttle_token)
{
std::chrono::milliseconds waitTime(uint64_t(iter->_timer.stop(
_owner._component.getClock().getMonotonicTime(),
_metrics->averageQueueWaitingTime)));
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage> msg = iter->_command; // iter is const; can't std::move()
document::Bucket bucket(iter->_bucket);
idx.erase(iter); // iter not used after this point.
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
if (!messageTimedOutInQueue(*msg, waitTime)) {
auto locker = std::make_unique<BucketLock>(guard, *this, bucket, msg->getPriority(),
msg->getType().getId(), msg->getMsgId(),
msg->lockingRequirements());
return {std::move(locker), std::move(msg), std::move(throttle_token)};
} else {
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply> msgReply(makeQueueTimeoutReply(*msg));
_cond->notify_all();
guard.unlock();
_messageSender.sendReply(msgReply);
return {};
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::waitUntilNoLocks() const
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (!_lockedBuckets.empty()) {
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::waitInactive(const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd) const {
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (hasActive(guard, cmd)) {
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::hasActive(monitor_guard &, const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd) const {
for (auto& lockedBucket : _lockedBuckets) {
if (cmd.shouldAbort(lockedBucket.first)) {
LOG(spam, "Disk had active operation for aborted bucket %s, waiting for it to complete...",
lockedBucket.first.toString().c_str());
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::abort(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>> & aborted,
const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd)
{
std::lock_guard lockGuard(*_lock);
for (auto it(_queue->begin()); it != _queue->end();) {
api::StorageMessage& msg(*it->_command);
if (messageMayBeAborted(msg) && cmd.shouldAbort(it->_bucket)) {
aborted.emplace_back(static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(msg).makeReply());
it = _queue->erase(it);
} else {
++it;
}
}
update_cached_queue_size(lockGuard);
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::schedule(MessageEntry messageEntry)
{
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
_queue->emplace_back(std::move(messageEntry));
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
}
_cond->notify_one();
return true;
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::schedule_and_get_next_async_message(MessageEntry entry)
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
_queue->emplace_back(std::move(entry));
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
auto lockedMessage = get_next_async_message(guard);
if ( ! lockedMessage.msg) {
_cond->notify_one();
}
return lockedMessage;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::flush()
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (!(_queue->empty() && _lockedBuckets.empty())) {
LOG(debug, "Still %ld in queue and %ld locked buckets", _queue->size(), _lockedBuckets.size());
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
}
namespace {
bool
message_type_is_merge_related(api::MessageType::Id msg_type_id) noexcept {
switch (msg_type_id) {
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_REPLY_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
// DeleteBucket is usually (but not necessarily) executed in the context of a higher-level
// merge operation, but we include it here since we want to enforce that not all threads
// in a stripe can dispatch a bucket delete at the same time. This also provides a strict
// upper bound on the number of in-flight bucket deletes in the persistence core.
case api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET_ID:
return true;
default: return false;
}
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::release(const document::Bucket & bucket,
api::LockingRequirements reqOfReleasedLock,
api::StorageMessage::Id lockMsgId,
bool was_active_merge)
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
auto iter = _lockedBuckets.find(bucket);
assert(iter != _lockedBuckets.end());
auto& entry = iter->second;
Clock::time_point start_time;
bool wasExclusive = (reqOfReleasedLock == api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive);
if (wasExclusive) {
assert(entry._exclusiveLock);
assert(entry._exclusiveLock->msgId == lockMsgId);
if (was_active_merge) {
assert(_active_merges > 0);
--_active_merges;
}
start_time = entry._exclusiveLock.value().timestamp;
entry._exclusiveLock.reset();
} else {
assert(!entry._exclusiveLock);
auto shared_iter = entry._sharedLocks.find(lockMsgId);
assert(shared_iter != entry._sharedLocks.end());
start_time = shared_iter->second.timestamp;
entry._sharedLocks.erase(shared_iter);
}
Clock::time_point now_ts = Clock::now();
double latency = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(now_ts - start_time).count();
_active_operations_stats.guard().stats().operation_done(latency);
if (!entry._exclusiveLock && entry._sharedLocks.empty()) {
_lockedBuckets.erase(iter); // No more locks held
}
bool emptySharedLocks = entry._sharedLocks.empty();
if (wasExclusive) {
_cond->notify_all();
} else if (emptySharedLocks) {
_cond->notify_one();
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::decrease_active_sync_merges_counter() noexcept
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
assert(_active_merges > 0);
const bool may_have_blocked_merge = (_active_merges == _owner._max_active_merges_per_stripe);
--_active_merges;
if (may_have_blocked_merge) {
_cond->notify_all();
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::lock(const monitor_guard &, const document::Bucket & bucket,
api::LockingRequirements lockReq, bool count_as_active_merge,
const LockEntry & lockEntry) {
auto& entry = _lockedBuckets[bucket];
assert(!entry._exclusiveLock);
if (lockReq == api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive) {
assert(entry._sharedLocks.empty());
if (count_as_active_merge) {
++_active_merges;
}
entry._exclusiveLock = lockEntry;
} else {
// TODO use a hash set with a custom comparator/hasher instead...?
auto inserted = entry._sharedLocks.insert(std::make_pair(lockEntry.msgId, lockEntry));
(void) inserted;
assert(inserted.second);
}
_active_operations_stats.guard().stats().operation_started();
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::isLocked(const monitor_guard &, const document::Bucket& bucket,
api::LockingRequirements lockReq) const noexcept
{
if (bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() == 0) {
return false;
}
auto iter = _lockedBuckets.find(bucket);
if (iter == _lockedBuckets.end()) {
return false;
}
if (iter->second._exclusiveLock) {
return true;
}
// Shared locks can be taken alongside other shared locks, but exclusive locks
// require that no shared locks are currently present.
return ((lockReq == api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive)
&& !iter->second._sharedLocks.empty());
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::operationIsInhibited(const monitor_guard & guard, const document::Bucket& bucket,
const api::StorageMessage& msg) const noexcept
{
if (message_type_is_merge_related(msg.getType().getId())
&& (_active_merges >= _owner._max_active_merges_per_stripe))
{
return true;
}
return isLocked(guard, bucket, msg.lockingRequirements());
}
ActiveOperationsStats
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::get_active_operations_stats(bool reset_min_max) const
{
auto guard = _active_operations_stats.guard();
auto result = guard.stats();
if (reset_min_max) {
guard.stats().reset_min_max();
}
return result;
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::BucketLock::BucketLock(const monitor_guard& guard, Stripe& stripe,
const document::Bucket& bucket, uint8_t priority,
api::MessageType::Id msgType, api::StorageMessage::Id msgId,
api::LockingRequirements lockReq)
: _stripe(stripe),
_bucket(bucket),
_uniqueMsgId(msgId),
_lockReq(lockReq),
_counts_towards_merge_limit(false)
{
if (_bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
_counts_towards_merge_limit = message_type_is_merge_related(msgType);
_stripe.lock(guard, _bucket, lockReq, _counts_towards_merge_limit, Stripe::LockEntry(priority, msgType, msgId));
LOG(spam, "Locked bucket %s for message %" PRIu64 " with priority %u in mode %s",
bucket.toString().c_str(), msgId, priority, api::to_string(lockReq));
}
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::BucketLock::~BucketLock() {
if (_bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
_stripe.release(_bucket, _lockReq, _uniqueMsgId, _counts_towards_merge_limit);
LOG(spam, "Unlocked bucket %s for message %" PRIu64 " in mode %s",
_bucket.toString().c_str(), _uniqueMsgId, api::to_string(_lockReq));
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::BucketLock::signal_operation_sync_phase_done() noexcept
{
// Not atomic, only destructor can read/write this other than this function, and since
// a strong ref must already be held to this object by the caller, we cannot race with it.
if (_counts_towards_merge_limit){
LOG(spam, "Synchronous phase for bucket %s is done; reducing active count proactively",
_bucket.toString().c_str());
_stripe.decrease_active_sync_merges_counter();
_counts_towards_merge_limit = false;
}
}
std::string
FileStorHandlerImpl::dumpQueue() const
{
std::ostringstream os;
for (const Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.dumpQueue(os);
}
return os.str();
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::dumpQueueHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
for (const Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.dumpQueueHtml(os);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::dumpActiveHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
for (const Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.dumpActiveHtml(os);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::dumpQueueHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
const PriorityIdx& idx = bmi::get<1>(*_queue);
for (const auto & entry : idx) {
os << "<li>" << xml_content_escaped(entry._command->toString()) << " (priority: "
<< static_cast<int>(entry._command->getPriority()) << ")</li>\n";
}
}
namespace {
void
dump_lock_entry(const document::BucketId& bucketId, const FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::LockEntry& entry,
api::LockingRequirements lock_mode, FileStorHandlerImpl::Clock::time_point now_ts, std::ostream& os) {
os << api::MessageType::get(entry.msgType).getName() << ":" << entry.msgId << " ("
<< bucketId << ", " << api::to_string(lock_mode)
<< " lock) Running for " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(now_ts - entry.timestamp).count() << " secs<br/>\n";
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::dumpActiveHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
Clock::time_point now = Clock::now();
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
for (const auto & e : _lockedBuckets) {
if (e.second._exclusiveLock) {
dump_lock_entry(e.first.getBucketId(), *e.second._exclusiveLock,
api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive, now, os);
}
for (const auto& shared : e.second._sharedLocks) {
dump_lock_entry(e.first.getBucketId(), shared.second,
api::LockingRequirements::Shared, now, os);
}
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::dumpQueue(std::ostream & os) const
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
const PriorityIdx& idx = bmi::get<1>(*_queue);
for (const auto & entry : idx) {
os << entry._bucket.getBucketId() << ": "
<< xml_content_escaped(entry._command->toString())
<< " (priority: " << static_cast<int>(entry._command->getPriority()) << ")\n";
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::getStatus(std::ostream& out, const framework::HttpUrlPath& path) const
{
bool verbose = path.hasAttribute("verbose");
out << "<h1>Filestor handler</h1>\n";
out << "<h2>Disk " << "</h2>\n";
out << "Queue size: " << getQueueSize() << "<br>\n";
out << "Disk state: ";
switch (getState()) {
case FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE: out << "AVAILABLE"; break;
case FileStorHandler::CLOSED: out << "CLOSED"; break;
}
out << "<h4>Active operations</h4>\n";
dumpActiveHtml(out);
if (verbose) {
out << "<h4>Input queue</h4>\n";
out << "<ul>\n";
dumpQueueHtml(out);
out << "</ul>\n";
}
std::lock_guard mergeGuard(_mergeStatesLock);
out << "<p>Active merge operations: " << _mergeStates.size() << "</p>\n";
if (verbose) {
out << "<h4>Active merges</h4>\n";
if (_mergeStates.empty()) {
out << "None\n";
}
for (auto & entry : _mergeStates) {
out << "<b>" << entry.first.toString() << "</b><br>\n";
}
}
}
ActiveOperationsStats
FileStorHandlerImpl::get_active_operations_stats(bool reset_min_max) const
{
ActiveOperationsStats result;
for (const auto & stripe : _stripes) {
auto stats = stripe.get_active_operations_stats(reset_min_max);
result.merge(stats);
}
return result;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::waitUntilNoLocks()
{
for (const auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.waitUntilNoLocks();
}
}
ResumeGuard
FileStorHandlerImpl::pause()
{
_paused.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
waitUntilNoLocks();
return ResumeGuard(*this);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::resume()
{
std::unique_lock guard(_pauseMonitor);
_paused.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
_pauseCond.notify_all();
}
} // storage
``` |
Alexis Conran is a British actor, writer and presenter on TV and radio, who currently hosts the weekend afternoon show on Times Radio and as of 2023 the afternoon segment of the Jeremy Vine Show on Channel 5 which follows Storm Huntley’s slot. He is also known for co-hosting the BBC Three show The Real Hustle from 2006 until 2012. He was born in south Paris, France, and moved to Greece when he was a child. Conran won Celebrity Masterchef 2016 on 29 July, beating Louise Minchin and Jimmy Osmond in the final.
Early life
Conran was born in Paris to a father who was a gambling addict and started to get into debt. He turned to crime and became a thief and conman, eventually getting arrested. When Conran was 7 years old, his parents got divorced. He was then raised by his mother with the help of her parents. He is of Greek heritage.
Aged 16, he moved to London to study at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
Career
In 2000, Conran starred in the music video for Blockhead's "Insomniac Olympics", directed by Sam Arthur.. Later that year he had a minor role in the TV miniseries Arabian Nights, playing Prince Ali.
His stage work includes Excuses! in 2003.
In 2003, he was a member of a team of experts advising the writers and actors of the hit BBC series Hustle, which he later co-wrote and presented (confidence trickster) on the follow-up 2006-2012 hit series The Real Hustle on BBC Three. In 2015 he starred in the show Man v Expert on the Discovery Channel, in which he used various tricks to try to beat experts in their own field of expertise. In 2013 Conran wrote and presented Hustling America for Channel 5 and National Geographic, which was similar to The Real Hustle.
He has helped the Office of Fair Trading show consumers how to avoid becoming the victim of a fraud.
His other television roles include 2 episodes he starred in season 5 of the show Waking the Dead, as Michael Sherman. He appeared in the TV show Wire in the Blood. He also starred in a TV advert for Zovirax cold sore cream. In 2013 he appeared in the Channel 4 show Eye Spy and in August 2015 he presented the Channel 5 morning show The Wright Stuff whilst the host was on holiday.
Conran played the role of Dr Petridis in ITV's The Durrells.
In 2016, he co-presented The Joy of Techs with his best friend, Marcus Brigstocke.
He was Celebrity MasterChef Champion 2016.
Conran presented Radio Hustles on Talkradio, a consumer affairs based talk show which aired from 1pm to 3pm on Saturday afternoons. From 20 January 2018 to June 2020, the show changed from being consumer affairs based to being a news phone-in discussion programme, still presented by Conran, with the new airtime of 4pm to 7pm on Saturdays. He also presented a Sunday morning political programme until June 2020, when he left the station for Times Radio.
Since July 2020, he has presented a show on Times Radio between 1-4pm on Saturday and Sunday.
Personal life
Conran is a technophile. He is a collector of playing cards, owning over 5 060 decks and spends an hour each day practising card tricks.
References
External links
Alexis Conran Official site.
Magicians.co.uk – Alexis Conran
British male television actors
British magicians
British television presenters
British writers
English people of French descent
English people of Greek descent
French people of Greek descent
Greek people of French descent
British gamblers
French gamblers
Greek gamblers
Living people
Reality cooking competition winners
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Super Concorde (20 April 1975 – 1987) was an American-bred French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was the highest-rated two-year-old in France in 1977 when he won Prix de Cabourg and Prix Morny over sprint distances before defeating a strong field in France's premier race for juveniles, the Grand Critérium. He was disappointing in three runs in 1978 and was retired to stud after having won four of his eight races.
Background
Super Concorde was a "strong, attractive" brown horse bred in Kentucky by Nelson Bunker Hunt. He was from the second of three crops of foals sired by Bold Reasoning, the winner of the Withers Stakes in 1971. Bold Reasoning also sired the American Triple Crown winner Seattle Slew before dying at the age of seven in 1975. Super Concorde's dam, Prime Abord won the Prix de Royallieu and finished seventh when second favourite for The Oaks in 1970. A daughter of the Oaks winner Homeward Bound, she was born with a club foot and was reportedly bought by Nelson Bunker Hunt only because his agents visited the farm during a snowstorm and failed to notice the deformity.
As a yearling, Super Concorde was sent to the sales and was bought for $200,000 by representatives of Walter Haefner. The colt was sent to Europe where he was trained in France by François Boutin.
Racing career
1977: two-year-old season
On his racecourse debut, Super Concorde defeated three opponents in race over 1000 metres at Chantilly Racecourse and then won the Prix de Cabourg over 1200 metres at Deauville. The colt was then moved up in class for the Group One Prix Morny run on 21 August over the same course and distance as the Prix de Cabourg and started the 8/10 favourite after Philippe Paquet elected to ride him in preference to the Prix Robert Papin winner Vific. Super Concorde led soon after the start, as he had done in his previous starts, and held on in the closing stages to win by a neck from Little Love, with the Italian colt El-Muleta a length and a half away in third. The colt started favourite for the Prix de la Salamandre over 1400m at Longchamp Racecourse on 11 September, but failed to reproduce his earlier form, fighting his jockey's attempts to restrain him and finishing fourth of the eight runners behind the British-trained outsider John de Coombe, Bilal and Kenmare.
On 9 October at Longchamp, Super Concorde started 3.4/1 second favourite for the Grand Critérium against a field which included Bilal, Kenmare, Jaazeiro, John de Coombe, Pyjama Hunt, Little Love and Acamas. The Boutin stable also ran Crazy Dmitri as a pacemaker in order to ensure a true test of stamina over the 1600m course. Super Concorde settled behind the leaders, took the lead 400m from the finish and won by three-quarters of a length and a neck from Pyjama Hunt and Acamas.
1978: three-year-old season
Super Concorde was difficult to train as a three-year-old and ran only three times. On 16 April he started odds-on favourite for the Prix de Guiche at Longchamp but finished fifth of the six runners behind Gay Mecene. He did not reappear until late June when he was matched against older horses in the Group One Prix d'Ispahan. He produced his best effort of the season to finish fourth behind the four-year-olds Carwhite, Trillion and Gairloch, with Kenmare, Roland Gardens and Enstone Spark among the beaten horses. On his final start he finished sixth of the nine runners in the Eclipse Stakes, appearing unsuited by the firm ground.
Assessment
There was no International Classification of European two-year-olds in 1977: the official handicappers of Britain, Ireland and France compiled separate rankings for horses which competed in those countries. Super Concorde topped the French handicap, two pounds ahead of Pyjama Hunt and Acamas. The independent Timeform organisation awarded him a rating of 128, two pounds below the Irish-trained Try My Best. In the following year, he was rated 123 by Timeform, fifteen pounds below their top-rated horse Alleged. In the International Classification for three-year-olds he was rated thirteen pounds below the top-rated Ile de Bourbon.
Stud record
On his retirement from racing Super Concorde was bought back by Nelson Bunker Hunt and became a breeding stallion at Gainesway Farm in Kentucky, beginning his stud career at a fee of $20,000. He was not a particularly successful stallion, but sired some good winners including Martha Stevens (Nell Gwyn Stakes), Big Shuffle (Cork and Orrery Stakes, leading sire in Germany), Super May (Mervyn Leroy Handicap), Over the Ocean (Prix Perth), Concorde Bound (Suffolk Downs Sprint Handicap) and Croeso (Florida Derby). Super Concorde died in 1987.
Pedigree
References
1975 racehorse births
1987 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in France
Thoroughbred family 3-l |
Pincourt-Terrasse-Vaudreuil is a commuter rail station operated by Exo in Terrasse-Vaudreuil, Quebec, Canada. on weekdays, 9 of 11 inbound trains and 11 of 12 outbound trains on the line call at this station; one train each way is short turned and one inbound train skips the stop. On weekends, all trains (four on Saturday and three on Sunday in each direction) call here.
The station is located at the corner of 3e Avenue and 5e Boulevard, a short distance from the Boulevard Cardinal-Léger exit of Autoroute 20. It has two side platforms connected by the 3e Avenue level crossing, and is equipped with shelters but no station building.
Bus connections
CIT La Presqu'Île
References
External links
Pincourt-Terrasse-Vaudreuil Commuter Train Station Information (RTM)
Pincourt-Terrasse-Vaudreuil Commuter Train Station Schedule (RTM)
Exo commuter rail stations
Railway stations in Montérégie
Rail transport in Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality |
Adarna is a Philippine television drama fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is loosely based on the Philippine epic Ibong Adarna. Directed by Ricky Davao, it stars Kylie Padilla in the title role. It premiered on November 18, 2013 on the network's Telebabad line up replacing Kahit Nasaan Ka Man. The series concluded on March 7, 2014 with a total of 80 episodes. It was replaced by Kambal Sirena in its timeslot.
The series is streaming online on YouTube.
Premise
Ada is prophesied to be the most powerful healer in Pugad Sanghaya. As she discovers the path towards fulfilling her fate, she meets three men - Migo, Bok and Falco.
Cast and characters
Lead cast
Kylie Padilla as Ada / Angel
Supporting cast
Geoff Eigenmann as Migo "Miggy" Salva
Benjamin Alves as Bok / Agalon
Mikael Daez as Falco
Jean Garcia as Larka / Lupe
Michelle Madrigal as Garuda
Ryza Cenon as Mikay
Chynna Ortaleza as Janelle
Saab Magalona as Robin Abrientos
Maureen Larrazabal as Jinky
Jestoni Alarcon as Simon
Dante Rivero as Uwakro
Guest cast
Neil Ryan Sese as Kestrel
Anica Tindoy as young Ada
Josh Clement Eugenio as young Miggy
Frances Makil-Ignacio as Teray
Kris Bernal as Berbola
Solenn Heussaff as Daiana
Katrina Halili as Theresa
Isay Alvarez as Annaliza Salva
Arkin Magalona as Mikel
Patricia Ysmael as Wendy
Marc Acueza as Leon
Mike "Pekto" Nacua as Hugho
Timmy Cruz as Calisay
Dianne Hernandez as Maya
Carme Sanchez as Ima Pepita
Angie Ferro as Uraculo
JC Tiuseco as Heron
Daniella Amable as Migo's niece
Miko Zarasadias as Migo's nephew
Buboy Villar as Jerry
RJ Padilla as Rocco
Roldan Aquino as Gregorio Abrientos
Diva Montelaba as Raya
Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of Adarna earned an 18.5% rating. While the final episode scored a 20.8% rating.
References
External links
Ibong Adarna
2013 Philippine television series debuts
2014 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network drama series
Philippine fantasy television series
Television shows set in the Philippines |
Issaquah ( ) is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 40,051 at the 2020 census. Located in a valley and bisected by Interstate 90, the city is bordered by the Sammamish Plateau to the north and the "Issaquah Alps" to the south. It is home to the headquarters of the multinational retail company Costco. Issaquah is included in the Seattle metropolitan area.
History
"Issaquah" is an anglicization of the Southern Lushootseed placename /sqʷáxʷ/, meaning either "the sound of birds", "snake", or "little stream". "Squak Valley", an older name for the area, also derives from this same Native American name.
In September 1885, the then-unincorporated area was the scene of an attack on Chinese laborers who had come to pick hops from local fields. Three of the laborers died from gunshot wounds, and none of the attackers were convicted of any wrongdoing.
The city was officially incorporated on April 29, 1892. Initially a small mining town, the city has changed noticeably both in its appearance and economic focus. Issaquah was originally developed to service the mining industry (on the two nearby mountains that now lend their names to the Cougar/Squak Corridor Park), and began as the town of "Gilman". As the mining deposits neared depletion in the late 1890s, other companies started to realize Issaquah's potential to support a lucrative lumber business. These companies exported timber from Issaquah and other small, local towns to Seattle and larger, rapidly growing communities throughout western Washington. These early boom industries, however, faded into a period of relative quiet by the time of the Great Depression.
The town's industries remained similar through most of the century, with Boeing providing the majority of employment in the area. Microsoft and other technological industries moved into Redmond and other cities in the area, and later established operations in Issaquah itself. In June 1996, Costco moved its global headquarters to Issaquah from nearby Kirkland.
Geography
Issaquah is located east-southeast of Seattle at the south end of Lake Sammamish. Its neighboring cities are Bellevue to the west and Sammamish to the north. Issaquah resides within the Mountains to Sound Greenway.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and are water.
Issaquah is surrounded on three sides by what are known locally as the Issaquah Alps: Cougar Mountain on the west, Squak Mountain to the south, and Tiger Mountain to the southeast. To the north of Issaquah is Lake Sammamish. Cougar and Squak Mountains are home to sizable neighborhoods on their lower slopes, though the bulk of all three mountains are preserved in public ownership as Squak Mountain State Park, Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park, West Tiger Mountain NRCA, and Tiger Mountain State Forest. Geologists have noted the chemical and geological content of these three mountains to be much different from that of the Cascade Range, because they are not volcanic in origin, while the entire Cascade Range is postulated to have formed from volcanic action. They believe that these three mountains are the remains of a much older mountain range long since eroded by earthquakes, volcanic action, and shifting plates.
Climate
Issaquah has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb) with chilly, extremely wet winters and warm, moderately humid summers. Although there is no dry season in Issaquah, winters are many times wetter than the summers.
Economy
Warehouse retailer Costco has been headquartered in Issaquah since 1996. Other major Issaquah employers include Microsoft, Siemens Medical Solutions' Ultrasound Group, Overtime Technologies, Boehm's Candies, and Darigold. Apparel wholesaler SanMar is also headquartered in the city.
Demographics
According to a 2012 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $87,074, and the median income for a family was $115,814. The per capita income for the city was $47,949.
According to the Washington State Office of Financial Management, Issaquah ranked 6th of 279 eligible incorporated communities in population growth between 2000 and 2005. Forbes.com ranked Issaquah the 2nd fastest-growing suburb in the state, and the 89th in the nation.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 30,434 people, 12,841 households, and 8,018 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 13,914 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 74.7% White, 1.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 17.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% of the population.
There were 12,841 households, of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.6% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.95.
The median age in the city was 36.8 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 35.5% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 12.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.
The population has increased immensely since then such as in the 2020 census it revealed 40,058 people lived in Issaquah.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,212 people, 4,840 households, and 2,908 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,330.9 people per square mile (514.1/km2). There were 5,195 housing units at an average density of 616.7 per square mile (238.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.95% White, 0.88% African American, 0.63% Native American, 6.04% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.46% from other races, and 2.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race made up 4.95% of the population.
There were 4,840 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the city the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 36.5% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $57,892, and the median income for a family was $77,274. Males had a median income of $55,049 versus $36,670 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,222. About 3.4% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
Highways and roads
Issaquah is bisected by Interstate 90, which runs from Seattle to Boston, and Washington State Route 900, which connects the city to neighboring Renton. There is a chronic traffic congestion problem on Front Street, which traverses the historic downtown. Proposals have been made to create a bypass, but opponents have argued that this will only result in more sprawl in the area beyond downtown and thus bring in more traffic and pollution. In 2008, the Issaquah City Council voted to cancel the 15-year-running SE Bypass project. In addition, King County has no funding in its seven-year capital plan to improve Issaquah-Hobart Road, the southern terminus of the proposed bypass.
Public transportation
Bus service in Issaquah is provided by King County Metro as well as regional Sound Transit routes to Seattle and Bellevue. There are two primary park-and-rides in the city, at Issaquah Transit Center and Issaquah Highlands Park & Ride, which have a total of 1,999 parking spaces.
Since August 1995, the city and King County Metro provided a free circulator bus (route 200) between business districts and community centers in Issaquah as a form of traffic congestion relief.
As part of the expansion of Sound Transit services, a Link light rail line to Issaquah from Bellevue is proposed to begin service by 2041.
Local attractions
Issaquah Alps
The Issaquah Alps are a range of highlands situated in close proximity to the city of Issaquah. This region offers a variety of hiking trails and other outdoor activities and is primarily composed of three distinct peaks: Tiger Mountain, Cougar Mountain, and Squak Mountain.
Issaquah Valley Trolley
The Issaquah Valley Trolley was a project initiated by the Issaquah Historical Society, which aimed to introduce a regular heritage trolley service on the remaining section of railroad track in downtown Issaquah. The society organized a trial operation in 2001-02, providing public rides in a trolley car borrowed from Yakima Valley Trolleys. While the Issaquah Historical Society had acquired three trolleys of its own by 2010, the planned service had not yet commenced due to two of the cars being narrow gauge and incompatible with the standard gauge rails left in Issaquah. Additionally, all three cars were not in operating condition.
However, a federal transportation grant was obtained, providing funds for track evaluation and repairs. In 2012, one of the two narrow gauge cars was sent to the Gomaco Trolley Company to be refurbished and regauged to standard gauge. The restored trolley car, previously known as ex-Lisbon 519, returned to Issaquah in August 2012, and regular public rides started in October 2012. The trolley service operated seasonally and on weekends only. The service was discontinued in November 2020 as a result of increasing costs and financial pressures on its operator, the Issaqauah History Museums.
The Trolley Project had some proponents who hoped to extend trolley service by reinstalling the track along the eastern shore of Lake Sammamish, which the county had removed several years ago. They envisioned the trolley service being extended to a northern re-extension of the removed track to the southern tip of Lake Sammamish or beyond to downtown Redmond. However, the opening of the East Lake Sammamish Trail in March 2006 along that proposed line put an end to the possibility of Issaquah-Redmond service.
Village Theatre
The Village Theatre has presented live stage plays on its main stage in downtown Issaquah since 1979. It is an Equity theater.
Salmon Days Festival
Issaquah Salmon Days is a two-day award-winning festival held in Issaquah on the first full weekend of October every year. It is initiated by a parade, celebrates the return of the salmon to their birth waters, and praises Issaquah's history, culture, and ethnic diversity. The free festival encompasses several arts and crafts conventions, attracting many Northwest artists; these artisans feature wood, glass, jewelry, paintings, pottery and metal artworks for sale in booths spread all across the downtown and historic area. There are four stages for entertainment such as live music. Sporting events include 5 km/10 km runs (and a 3 km run for children), a fencing invitational, bike rides, and a golf tournament. Memorial Field, adjacent to the city hall, hosts a "Field of Fun" providing free entertainment for children of all ages, thanks to the many festival sponsors. Visitors are encouraged to visit the newly restored Salmon Hatchery to view the returning salmon in close detail. In 2005, the register revealed over 400,000 people attended the Salmon Days Festival.
Cougar Mountain Zoo
The Cougar Mountain Zoo is located on the north slope of Cougar Mountain, just to the west of Issaquah. This zoo offers a glimpse at many endangered species from across the globe, including many endangered birds from around the world and small lemurs from Madagascar. The highlight of the zoo for many observers is the cougar, named Nashi. Nashi is provided enrichment on a near-daily basis, which consists of a stimulant to keep him active mentally and physically. The zoo currently specializes in eight "worlds" of animals: cougars, lemurs, cranes, reindeer, macaws, wallabies, ratites, camelids.
On June 16, 2007, another world was added to the list, when the zoo introduced its newest members, two male tiger cubs. Named Taj and Almos, they are the only Bengal tigers in Washington state. The Zoo is open for general admission Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (excluding the month of December). Each December the Zoo also offers a special Reindeer Festival, during which people may come view, and feed Santa's Reindeer, and visit the "big guy" in person.
Issaquah Salmon Hatchery
The Issaquah Salmon Hatchery was built in 1936 under the federal Works Project Administration. It is located on the Issaquah Creek within the city limits of Issaquah. The hatchery is owned and operated by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife. It annually raises about 4 million Chinook (King) and Coho (Silver) salmon which then migrate from the Issaquah Creek to Puget sound and on to the North Pacific. Friends of the Issaquah Salmon Hatchery (FISH) is a non-profit organization that trains volunteer guides who lead free educational tours of the hatchery and advocates retaining and improving the historic hatchery. Local elementary schools often raise small numbers of salmon eggs that are spawned in the hatchery and release them into the creeks as part of their science curriculum on the salmon life cycle. The Issaquah Salmon Hatchery is located in the cultural and geographical heart of Issaquah and is the Department of Fish and Wildlife's most visited hatchery, with an estimated 350,000 visitors a year.
Gilman Village
Gilman Village is a specialty shopping center created from rescued buildings dating back to the origins of the Issaquah community. Gilman Village was founded in 1972, when developers Marvin and Ruth Mohl started saving old, unwanted farming and mining buildings, as well as pioneer homes, from around Issaquah. They moved, renovated and combined them into an attractive retail area in a park-like setting. Their goal was to create a haven for independent shops and restaurants. In saving the buildings, the intent was to honor the character and ambiance of the old community rather than to create a museum. Still, the buildings that house the shops and restaurants of Gilman Village represent a significant portion of Issaquah's history.
The 40-plus shops and restaurants that make up Gilman Village became one of Puget Sound's best known and most distinctive shopping destinations. In its initial decades, Gilman Village was a destination while Issaquah was still a somewhat rural area. Over time, Gilman Village began to compete with other local shopping centers for tenants serving the Issaquah population.
Designers of Gilman Village have included the Baylis Architects, Richard Haag Associates and landscape architect Stephen G. Ray. Their combined efforts have won official recognition by the King County Board of Realtors in 1976 and the Issaquah Design Commission in 1977 for quality of design and landscaping. In 1985, The Bellevue Chamber of Commerce presented the Eastside Quality of Life Award to Gilman Village for "the pleasures it gives through its rich discoveries of space and forms".
Flight
Paragliders and hang gliders launch from Tiger Mountain in Issaquah.
Government
The City of Issaquah uses the mayor-council form of government. The City Council acts as the legislative body. The City Council consists of seven councilmembers, who each have four-year terms in staggered tranches.
Mary Lou Pauly was elected mayor of Issaquah in 2017 with 64.19% of the vote. She was re-elected in 2021 to another term.
In 2023, Issaquah became the first Washington city to be awarded LEED Gold certification for its environmental conservation and sustainability initiatives.
Education
Public education for 21,358 students within the city and surrounding area is provided by the Issaquah School District, which operates 28 schools in and around Issaquah. This school district includes the southern part of Sammamish with the zip code 98075. This area also includes the northern part of Renton.
Healthcare
Swedish Medical Center opened a full-service hospital and healthcare facility in the Issaquah Highlands with a capacity of 175 inpatient beds and a 24-hour emergency room in 2012.
Notable people
Ray Allen, basketball player
Kyle Seager, 3rd Basemen for the Mariners
Brian Basset, comic strip artist
Isaac Brock, lead singer, guitarist, banjoist and songwriter for Modest Mouse
Jay Buhner, former Seattle Mariners baseball player from Kentucky. Nicknamed "Bone"
Deb Caletti, author
David Call, actor
Colin Curtis, former member of the New York Yankees
Joseph C. Decuir, IEEE fellow who made important contributions to early computer graphics and video games
Cynthia Geary, actress from Mississippi
Ken Griffey Jr., former Seattle Mariners player
Margaret Larson, journalist
Phil Lucas, documentary filmmaker
Patrick Monahan, lead singer of rock band Train
Jeff Nelson, baseball player
Chris Pirillo, founder and maintainer of Lockergnome and host of Gnomedex and VloggerFair
J. J. Putz, baseball player
Nate Query, bassist for The Decemberists
Rick Rizzs, Seattle Mariners sportscaster
Mark Rosewater, Magic: The Gathering head designer
Detlef Schrempf, basketball player
Paul Sorrento, former Seattle Mariners player
Mel Stottlemyre, Seattle Mariners pitching coach from Missouri
Ichiro Suzuki, baseball player
Dave Valle, baseball player, fill-in sportscaster for the Seattle Mariners
Omar Vizquel, Venezuelan baseball player
Brian Yorkey, Tony Award– and Pulitzer Prize–winning playwright, lyricist, and theatre director
Sister cities
Sunndal, Norway
Chefchaouen, Morocco (since 2007)
See also
Issaquah-Sammamish Reporter
References
External links
Official website
Issaquah Historical Society
Cities in Washington (state)
Cities in King County, Washington
Cities in the Seattle metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1892
Washington placenames of Native American origin |
Mieczysław Stefan Chmura (1 January 1934 – 9 April 1980), was a Polish ice hockey player. He played for Podhale Nowy Targ during his career. He also played for the Polish national team at the 1956 Winter Olympics, and the 1959 World Championship. After his playing career he turned to coaching.
References
External links
1934 births
1980 deaths
Ice hockey players at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey players for Poland
Ice hockey people from Nowy Targ
Podhale Nowy Targ players
Poland men's national ice hockey team coaches
Polish ice hockey defencemen |
The list of shipwrecks in October 1834 includes ships sunk, foundered, wrecked, grounded or otherwise lost during October 1834.
1 October
2 October
3 October
4 October
5 October
6 October
7 October
8 October
9 October
10 October
12 October
13 October
14 October
15 October
16 October
17 October
18 October
19 October
20 October
21 October
22 October
23 October
24 October
25 October
26 October
27 October
28 October
29 October
30 October
31 October
Unknown date
References
1834-10 |
Ric Holden is an American politician from the state of Montana. A member of the Republican Party, he represented the 1st district in the Montana Senate from 1995 to 2003.
Career
Holden was elected to the Montana Senate in 1994 and re-elected in 1998. He did not seek re-election in 2002 as he was term limited. After leaving office, he returned to working as a rancher.
Holden has announced that he will run for U.S. House in the in the 2024 election if incumbent Republican Matt Rosendale runs for the United States Senate.
Personal life
Holden lives in Glendive.
References
Living people
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Glendive, Montana
Republican Party Montana state senators |
Porfirio Andrés Bautista García is a politician, lawyer and agricultural producer from the Dominican Republic. He was president of the Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM) from 2014 to 2018, and senator for the Espaillat Province of the Dominican Republic for four terms from 1994 to 2010. Bautista García also served as president of the Senate of the Dominican Republic in 2001-2003 and 2004-2006.
Background
Bautista García was born and raised in Moca (Dominican Republic). He graduated with a law degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra in Santiago (Dominican Republic) and received two honorary doctorates from the academic institutions of the Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago (UTESA) and the Universidad Federico Henríquez y Carvajal (UFHEC).
In 1977, he married Nuris del Carmen Taveras and they procreated three children: Emmanuel, Susanna and Lawrence Bautista Taveras. Their son Enmmanuel Bautista was deputy for the province of Espaillat in 2010 and is currently Secretary General of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) of the Municipality of Moca and has held the position of Consul General of the Dominican Republic in Haiti since August 2020.
Career in the agricultural industry
Bautista García started as an agronomist in the Secretariat of Agriculture (today Ministry of Agriculture of the Dominican Republic) and started his first poultry farm with the help of his father (Don Chacho) in the community of Zanjón, Salcedo. Over the past 50 years, the company has become one of the largest producers of agricultural products in the country.
In 1973, Bautista García founded Cooperativa Avícola Nacional, where he also served as general manager. He was founder and director of Cooperativa Nacional de Productores Porcinos (COONAPROCE). He is also a member of several agricultural organizations, including the Asociación de Productores Agrícolas de la Provincia de Espaillat INC (APAPE), Productores Agrícolas Unidos (PRO-AUNI), Asociación para el Desarrollo de la Provincia de Espaillat (ADEPE) and the Junta de Agroempresarial Dominicana (JAD).
Politics
Bautista García represented the province of Espaillat in the Senate of the Dominican Republic for four terms, in 1994-1998, 1998-2002, 2002-2006 and 2006-2010. He also served as President of the Senate, the Upper House of the Congress of the Dominican Republic, from 2001-2003 and 2005-2006.
Odebrecht Case
According to several sources, Porfirio Andrés Bautista García was involved in the Odebrecht Case, an investigation by the Dominican Public Prosecutor's Office of Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction company's activity related to bribery of the country's top government officials. As the source notes, 14 people were charged with bribery or money laundering, including Bautista Garcia, who was arrested in his office by the Swat Team of the National Police on May 29, 2017. However, Bautista García denied the allegations and claimed that the charges against him were made for a "political motivation.” In March 2018, Bautista García left his position as president of the Modern Revolutionary Party.
As noted by Listín Diario on October 14, 2021 the Collegiate Court of the National District of the Dominican Republic, declared Andrés Bautista García free of all charges brought against him by the Public Prosecutor's Office, including bribery, falsehood, prevarication, money laundering and illicit enrichment.
The court, composed of magistrates Tanía Yunes, Giselle Méndez and Jisell Naranjo, determined that the facts for which the Public Prosecutor's Office accused Bautista did not exist. The court pointed out that "Bautista was not the president of the Senate at the time the contracts in favor of the Brazilian capital company were approved."
In relation to the case, on September 23, 2020, Bautista filed a lawsuit against the former Attorney General of the Republic, Jean Alain Rodríguez, for 500 million pesos for moral and material damages.
Political affiliations
Member of the National Council of the Magistracy.
President of the Permanent Commission of Industry and Commerce of the Senate of the Dominican Republic.
President of the Dominican Revolutionary Party in the Chapter House of Moca, 1982-1986.
Secretary of Organization of the Dominican Revolutionary Party in Moca, province of Espaillat.
President of the Provincial Committee of the Dominican Revolutionary Party from 1991 to date.
References
Dominican Republic politicians
Modern Revolutionary Party politicians
Members of the Senate of the Dominican Republic
Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra alumni
People from Moca, Dominican Republic
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Parliamentary elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 16 May 2006. They were won by the Progressive Bloc led by the Dominican Liberation Party, which took 96 of the 178 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 of the 32 Senate seats.
Results
References
Elections in the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Election
May 2006 events in North America |
Homer Township, Ohio, may refer to:
Homer Township, Medina County, Ohio
Homer Township, Morgan County, Ohio
Ohio township disambiguation pages |
Regine ( , ) or Régine () is a feminine given name, the French and German form of Regina.
People with the first name include:
Regine
Regine Heitzer (born 1944), Austrian figure skater
Regine Hildebrandt (1941–2001), German biologist and politician
Regine Mösenlechner (born 1961), German alpine skier
Regine Olsen (1822–1904), Danish woman who was engaged to the philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard
Regine Velasquez (born 1970), Filipino singer, actress, record producer, designer and TV host
Regina Jonas (German: Regine Jonas) (1902–1944), German woman who became the first female rabbi
Regine Bakenecker (born 1993), German pole vaulter
Régine
Régine Chassagne (born 1976), Canadian musician and founding member of the band Arcade Fire
Régine Crespin (1927–2007), French opera soprano
Régine Deforges (1935–2014), French author, editor, director and playwright
Régine Pernoud (1909–1998), French historian and medievalist
Régine Robin (1939–2021), French-Canadian novelist, writer, translator and professor of sociology
Régine Zylberberg (1929–2022), French singer and nightclub impresario better known as simply Régine
References
Feminine given names |
Benjamin Koon Doe (born 23 June 1999) is a Liberian professional footballer who plays for Croatian Third Football League club HAŠK and the Liberia national team. He can play both as a defender and defensive midfielder.
International career
Doe made his debut for Liberia in a 1–0 friendly loss to Egypt on 7 November 2019.
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
People from Sinoe County
Liberian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
LISCR FC players
NK HAŠK players
Liberian First Division players
Second Football League (Croatia) players
Liberian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
Liberian expatriate sportspeople in Croatia |
Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev (; born 1 February 1952) is a Tajikistani politician who was Mayor of Dushanbe, the national capital, from 1996 to 2017. He had also served as Chairman of the Majlisi Milli (the upper chamber of the Tajik parliament) from 2000 until 2020. He was awarded the Order of Zarintoj 1st Class on January 13, 2016.
External links
Tajikistan local digest
Chairmen of the National Assembly of Tajikistan
Living people
People from Dushanbe
1956 births
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan politicians
Mayors of Dushanbe
References |
NGC 6939 is an open cluster in the constellation Cepheus. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1798. The cluster lies 2/3° northwest from the spiral galaxy NGC 6946. The cluster lies approximately 4,000 light years away and it is over a billion years old.
Observation
NGC 6939 is located near the border of the constellations Cepheus and Cygnus, at the southwest corner of Cepheus. The open cluster is located two degrees southwest of Eta Cephei and 2/3° northwest from the spiral galaxy NGC 6946, which has visual magnitude 8.8. They appear as two patches of haze with 10x50 binoculars. NGC 6939 can be glimpsed with 7x35 binoculars where as 25x200 binoculars are required to start resolve the cluster. The cluster can be glimpsed with 4 inches telescope and is resolved at x72 magnification. NGC 6939 is included in the Herschel 400 Catalogue.
Characteristics
NGC 6939 is an old open cluster, located 400 parsec above the galactic plane and 8.400 parsec away from the galactic centre. With the use of photometric studies, the age of the cluster was estimated to be between 1,0 and 1,3 billion years, using as sample 638 stars within the field. The metallicity of the cluster is slightly subsolar (-0.19±0.09).
Some of its members are variable stars: a study in 1998 led to the discovery of six variable stars among the red giants of the cluster, with two of which are Algol type and V466 Cephei appears to be a W Ursae Majoris type. A further study in 2004 identified further 10 variables near the cluster, five of which were W Ursae Majoris type and one RR Lyrae.
References
External links
Open clusters
Cepheus (constellation)
6939
Astronomical objects discovered in 1798 |
Beach Street in a street located in Fremantle, Western Australia. It runs along the historic (original before Victoria Quay was built) southern shore of the Swan River, south-east of the inner harbour, between Parry Street and East Street.
It crosses under the Fremantle Traffic Bridge and turns uphill next to the Fremantle Railway Bridge.
At one end, south-west of Parry Street, Beach Street becomes Elder Place; the other end, east of East Street, becomes Riverside Road.
In the 1920s its general condition was noted as being hazardous by local businesses.
The harbour section of the street is lined with heritage buildings, such Dalgety Woolstores, Australia Hotel, and other shipping and export related industries, as well as former businesses existing in the street, such as Western Ice Works, and Western Engineering and Foundry Company.
Due to its location, it was possible to see the development of the portion of Eastern Fremantle (formerly known as Richmond), from Beach Street over time.
Notes
Streets in Fremantle |
"I'm Not the Only One" is a 2014 song by Sam Smith.
I'm Not the Only One may also refer to:
I'm Not the Only One (book), a 2004 autobiography of George Galloway
"I'm Not the Only One", a song by Rene and Rene, composed by Milt Lance 1965
"I'm Not the Only One", a song by Rancid from the EP Rancid 1992
"I'm Not the Only One", a song by Laura Branigan, composed by D. Warren, from the album Branigan 2 1983
"I'm Not the Only One", a song by Filter, composed R. Patrick, from the album Title of Record 1999, also Filter: The Very Best Things (1995-2008)
"I'm Not the Only One", a song by Atlanta Rhythm Section, composed by Buddy Buie & Ronnie Hammond, from Truth in a Structured Form 1989 and Eufaula (album) 1999
"I'm Not the Only One", a single by Ed Hale and The Transcendence from Sleep With You 2003
See also
Not the Only One (disambiguation)
"Imagine" (John Lennon song), containing the line "I'm not the only one"
"Rape Me" (Nirvana song), containing the line "I'm not the only one" |
The Iran national badminton team () represents Iran in international badminton team competitions. The national team of Iran is administered by the Iran Badminton Federation.
The Iranian junior badminton team competed in the Badminton Asia Junior Championships mixed team event in 2011. The team were eliminated in the group stages.
History
Badminton has been played in Iran since the early 20th century. The sport was brought over to the country when British oil experts came to the country following the establishment of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and played badminton in their spare time. Eventually, local Iranians also became interested in the sport. After the nationalization of oil and the expulsion of British experts from Iran, the sport was starting to be forgotten and was only more or less common among the employees of the oil company. The first badminton court was built in the city of Masjed Soleyman. Iran held its first national badminton championships in 1973.
Men's team
Iran hosted the 1974 Asian Games and were granted auto-qualification for the men's team event. The team were eliminated in the quarter-finals after the team lost 3–0 to Indonesia. In the 5th to 8th place classification round, the Iranian men's team lost 3–0 to Hong Kong and the Philippines.
Women's team
The Iranian women's team competed in the 1974 Asian Games. Like the men's team, the team lost 3–0 to Indonesia in the quarter-finals. The team then finished in 6th place after losing the 5th place tie to North Korea.
Competitive record
Asian Games
Men's team
Women's team
Junior competitive record
Asian Junior Team Championships
Men's team
Mixed team
Players
Current squad
Men's team
Women's team
References
Badminton
National badminton teams
Badminton in Iran |
```c++
#include <Common/typeid_cast.h>
#include <Common/assert_cast.h>
#include <Columns/FilterDescription.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnsNumber.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnNullable.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnConst.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnSparse.h>
#include <Core/ColumnWithTypeAndName.h>
namespace DB
{
namespace ErrorCodes
{
extern const int ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER;
}
ConstantFilterDescription::ConstantFilterDescription(const IColumn & column)
{
if (column.onlyNull())
{
always_false = true;
return;
}
if (isColumnConst(column))
{
const ColumnConst & column_const = assert_cast<const ColumnConst &>(column);
ColumnPtr column_nested = column_const.getDataColumnPtr()->convertToFullColumnIfLowCardinality();
if (!typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(column_nested.get()))
{
const ColumnNullable * column_nested_nullable = checkAndGetColumn<ColumnNullable>(&*column_nested);
if (!column_nested_nullable || !typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(&column_nested_nullable->getNestedColumn()))
{
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for constant filter. Must be UInt8 or Nullable(UInt8).",
column_nested->getName());
}
}
if (column_const.getValue<UInt64>())
always_true = true;
else
always_false = true;
return;
}
}
FilterDescription::FilterDescription(const IColumn & column_)
{
if (column_.isSparse())
data_holder = recursiveRemoveSparse(column_.getPtr());
if (column_.lowCardinality())
data_holder = column_.convertToFullColumnIfLowCardinality();
const auto & column = data_holder ? *data_holder : column_;
if (const ColumnUInt8 * concrete_column = typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(&column))
{
data = &concrete_column->getData();
return;
}
if (const auto * nullable_column = checkAndGetColumn<ColumnNullable>(&column))
{
ColumnPtr nested_column = nullable_column->getNestedColumnPtr();
MutableColumnPtr mutable_holder = IColumn::mutate(std::move(nested_column));
ColumnUInt8 * concrete_column = typeid_cast<ColumnUInt8 *>(mutable_holder.get());
if (!concrete_column)
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for filter. Must be UInt8 or Nullable(UInt8).", column.getName());
const NullMap & null_map = nullable_column->getNullMapData();
IColumn::Filter & res = concrete_column->getData();
const auto size = res.size();
assert(size == null_map.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
{
auto has_val = static_cast<UInt8>(!!res[i]);
auto not_null = static_cast<UInt8>(!null_map[i]);
/// Instead of the logical AND operator(&&), the bitwise one(&) is utilized for the auto vectorization.
res[i] = has_val & not_null;
}
data = &res;
data_holder = std::move(mutable_holder);
return;
}
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for filter. Must be UInt8 or Nullable(UInt8) or Const variants of them.",
column.getName());
}
SparseFilterDescription::SparseFilterDescription(const IColumn & column)
{
const auto * column_sparse = typeid_cast<const ColumnSparse *>(&column);
if (!column_sparse || !typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(&column_sparse->getValuesColumn()))
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for sparse filter. Must be Sparse(UInt8)", column.getName());
filter_indices = &assert_cast<const ColumnUInt64 &>(column_sparse->getOffsetsColumn());
}
}
``` |
```xml
/*
* LiskHQ/lisk-commander
*
* See the LICENSE file at the top-level directory of this distribution
* for licensing information.
*
* Unless otherwise agreed in a custom licensing agreement with the Lisk Foundation,
* no part of this software, including this file, may be copied, modified,
* propagated, or distributed except according to the terms contained in the
* LICENSE file.
*
* Removal or modification of this copyright notice is prohibited.
*
*/
import BaseBootstrapCommand from '../../../src/base_bootstrap_command';
import ModuleCommand from '../../../src/commands/generate/module';
import { getConfig } from '../../helpers/config';
import { Awaited } from '../../types';
describe('generate:module command', () => {
let stdout: string[];
let stderr: string[];
let config: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getConfig>>;
beforeEach(async () => {
stdout = [];
stderr = [];
config = await getConfig();
jest.spyOn(process.stdout, 'write').mockImplementation(val => stdout.push(val as string) > -1);
jest.spyOn(process.stderr, 'write').mockImplementation(val => stderr.push(val as string) > -1);
});
describe('generate:module', () => {
it('should throw an error when all arg is not provided', async () => {
await expect(ModuleCommand.run([], config)).rejects.toThrow('Missing 1 required arg');
});
});
describe('generate:module should check app directory', () => {
it('should throw error if cwd is not a lisk app directory', async () => {
jest.spyOn<any, any>(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype, '_isLiskAppDir').mockReturnValue(false);
jest.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/my/dir');
await expect(ModuleCommand.run(['nft'], config)).rejects.toThrow(
'You can run this command only in lisk app directory. Run "lisk init --help" command for more details.',
);
expect(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype['_isLiskAppDir']).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/my/dir');
});
it('should not throw error if cwd is a lisk app directory', async () => {
jest.spyOn<any, any>(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype, '_isLiskAppDir').mockReturnValue(true);
jest
.spyOn<any, any>(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype, '_runBootstrapCommand')
.mockResolvedValue(null as never);
jest.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/my/dir');
await expect(ModuleCommand.run(['nft'], config)).resolves.toBeNull();
expect(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype['_isLiskAppDir']).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/my/dir');
expect(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype['_runBootstrapCommand']).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
'lisk:generate:module',
{ moduleName: 'nft' },
);
});
});
});
``` |
Saint Viventiolus () (460 – July 12, 524) (also known as Juventiole) was the Archbishop of Lyon (ancient Lugdunum) 514–523. Later canonized and venerated as a saint within the Catholic Church, Archdiocese of Lyon, France his feast Day is July 12. He is recognised in the Orthodox Church and the True Orthodox Church, including amongst the Tikhonites, as a pre-Great Schism Western Saint.
Family
Viventiolus and his brother Rusticus were the sons of Aquilinus (c. 430-c. 470), a nobleman of Lyon, and friend of Sidonius Apollinaris (c. 400). Aquilinus was a vicarius of a province in Gaul between 423 and 448 under Apollinaris, the father of Sidonius.
Through his paternal grandmother, Tullia, Viventiolus was the great-grandson of Saint Eucherius and his wife Gallia. His paternal grandfather was the son of Decimus Rusticus and his wife Artemia.
Career
Viventiolus was a monk of St. Oyend (St. Claude), in Jura, where he was elected prior. Avitus of Vienne recommended him for the See of Lyon. In 517, he and Avitus presided over the Council of Epaone.
He is also the author of a book Life of the Jura Fathers, which described the beginnings of monasticism in that region.
References
Bibliography
Bishop of Tours Gregory, Historia Francorum (The History of the Franks) (London, England: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1974).
Sidonius Apollinaris, The Letters of Sidonius (Oxford: Clarendon, 1915) (orig.), pp. clx-clxxxiii; List of Correspondents, Notes, V.ix.1.
460 births
524 deaths
6th-century Burgundian bishops
6th-century Christian saints
Archbishops of Lyon
Gallo-Roman saints
6th-century archbishops
Year of birth unknown
6th-century writers in Latin |
Palen or Palén is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anna von Palen (1875–1939), German actress
Cole Palen (1925–1993), American flier & collector
Fyodor Palen (1780–1863), Russian diplomat and administrator
Paul Palén (1881–1944), Swedish shooter
Rufus Palen (1807–1844), American politician
Tim Palen, American motion picture marketing executive and photographer
See also
Palen Mountains, northern Colorado Desert, California, USA
Palen Creek Correctional Centre, about 100 km south west of Brisbane
Frank A. Palen House, historic home located at Kingston in Ulster County, New York
Frederic Palen Schoonmaker (1870–1945), United States federal judge
Palin
Pahlen |
The N260 is a regional road in Belgium between Grimbergen/Vilvoorde (N211a) and Brussels (N277a) where the road changes into the N260a. The road has a length of about 9 kilometers.
The N260a will continue from the N277a along the Brussels-Schelde Sea Canal to the R20a/b. This part of the road is about 1.9 kilometers.
The N260b is a connection between the N260a and the N201 via the Redersbrug that crosses the Brussels-Scheldt Sea Canal. This road has a length of about 250 meters.
References
260 |
The Iroquois Lacrosse Arena is a box lacrosse arena on the outskirts of Hagersville, Ontario, Canada on the Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve. The arena opened in 2004 and does not host hockey games, there is no refrigeration system for ice.
The arena is the home of the six-time Mann Cup winners the Six Nations Chiefs, the five-time Minto Cup winners the Six Nations Arrows, and the seven-time Founders Cup winners the Six Nations Rebels. From 2012 to 2016, the arena was home to two professional lacrosse clubs of the Canadian Lacrosse League, the SouthWest Cyclops and Ohsweken Demons.
The arena is the main practice facility of the Rochester Knighthawks. The Iroquois Lacrosse Arena hosted the 2006 Minto Cup tournament and the 2009 Canadian Senior B Presidents Cup Championships.
References
External links
Webpage at Pointstreak
ILA Sports on Facebook
Sports venues in Ontario
Lacrosse in Ontario
Indoor lacrosse venues in Canada
Lacrosse of the Iroquois Confederacy
2004 establishments in Ontario
Sports venues completed in 2004 |
Calyptronectria is a genus of fungi in the family Melanommataceae.
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;
Calyptronectria argentinensis
Calyptronectria indica
Calyptronectria platensis
Former species; Calyptronectria ohiensis = Mattirolia ohiensis, Sordariomycetes
References
Melanommataceae |
Richard Roth may refer to:
Richard Roth (CBS News journalist) (born 1949), American journalist for CBS News
Richard Roth (journalist) (born 1955), American journalist for CNN
Richard Roth (politician) (born 1950), American politician
Dick Roth (Richard William Roth, born 1947), American swimmer
See also
Rick Roth, member of the Florida House of Representatives |
The 2016–17 UAB Blazers basketball team represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Blazers, led by first-year head coach Robert Ehsan, played their home games at the Bartow Arena as members of Conference USA. They finished the season 17–16, 9–9 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for seventh place. They defeated Charlotte in the first round of the C-USA tournament before losing to Louisiana Tech.
Previous season
The Blazers finished the 2015–16 season 26–7, 16–2 in C-USA play to win the regular season championship. They lost in the quarterfinals of the C-USA tournament to WKU. As a regular season conference champion who failed to win their conference tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to BYU.
Following the season, head coach Jerod Haase left UAB to accept the head coaching position at Stanford. On April 4, 2016, the school hired Robert Ehsan, who had been an assistant under Haase at UAB, as head coach .
Preseason
The Blazers were picked to finish in first place in the preseason Conference USA poll. Chris Cokley and William Lee were selected to the preseason All-Conference USA team.
Departures
Incoming recruits
Roster
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=9 style=|Exhibition
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!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Conference USA regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Conference USA tournament
References
UAB Blazers men's basketball seasons
UAB
UAB Blazers men's basketball
UAB Blazers men's basketball |
Grahak Cunningham (born Stuart Cunningham, 21 May 1977) is an ultra-distance runner and motivational speaker from Perth, Western Australia.
Biography
Cunningham grew up in Busselton, south of Perth, he did very little running. It was only when he was about 16 and stressed with school exams that his mother took him along to a meditation class.
At university, he began attending classes at a Sri Chinmoy center. He adopted the name Grahak from Sri Chinmoy (a Sanskrit word meaning "eagerness"). Already running marathons and longer distances and getting ever more deeply involved in Chinmoy's teachings, Cunningham first witnessed the New York race in 2003.
Races and results
2007 Bunbury 50 km Ultramarathon, 5th
2008 Bunbury 50 km Ultramarathon, 9th
2009 Self-Transcendence 3100-Mile Race, 2nd
2012 Bunbury 50 km Ultramarathon, 2nd
2012 Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race, 1st
References
External links
grahakcunningham.com
Media Archive
Video : Today, 6/ 2015
Video : Change Savvy, 1/ 2015
1977 births
Living people
Australian ultramarathon runners
Devotees of Sri Chinmoy
Athletes from Perth, Western Australia
Male ultramarathon runners
Australian male long-distance runners |
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