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Taillefer, Op. 52, TrV 207, is a cantata for choir and orchestra composed by Richard Strauss in 1903. The text is a rendering of the medieval tale Taillefer by the German poet Ludwig Uhland (1787–1862). The piece was written to celebrate the centenary of Heidelberg University and was premiered on the same day that Strauss received his honorary doctorate from the university, on 26 October 1903 in the newly built Heidelberg Town Hall with Strauss conducting. It is written for a mixed chorus with three soloists, tenor (Taillefer), baritone (Duke William of Normandy), and soprano (the Duke's daughter and admirer of Taillefer), with a large orchestra. The work was performed at the last night of The Proms in 2014.
Composition history
Taillefer is the hero of a romantic medieval tale set in the court of Duke William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) around the time of the invasion of England and the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Strauss used the version in a poem by Ludwig Uhland written in 1816. He had previously used several of Uhlands poems for songs, including "Des Dichters Abendgang" written in 1900. Professor Philip Wolfrum, music director and choir master at Heidelberg University commissioned the work, to be premiered in the new Town Hall in Heidelberg, coinciding with the award of an honorary doctorate for Strauss and with the centenary of the reestablishment of the university as a state-owned institution. In fact, Strauss had been working on early drafts of the piece in the summer of 1902, prior to the commission (Strauss first mentions it in his notebook on 20 April, whilst in Berlin). In May he spent a short holiday in England, including a visit to the beach at Ventnor on the Isle of Wight, which further inspired him. However, Strauss realized that a large scale choral work like this would be a perfect piece for the commission and event. Most of the work was done over the period July–November 1902. The honorary doctorate was confirmed in June 1903 (while Strauss was again visiting London), and the award and premiere arranged for 26 October 1903.
According to Norman Del Mar: Uhland was always a most stirring writer and many of his poems have over the years taken on the popularity of folk songs. This particular ballad describes in heroic terms the Norman conquest and the courageous part played in it by Taillefer, Duke William’s favourite minstrel. Strauss thoroughly enjoyed making the most of the merry text. There are beautiful and exciting solos for baritone, tenor and soprano representing respectively Duke William, Taillefer and the Duke's sister. The chorus acts as narrator and commentator whilst the orchestra comes into its own with a graphic description of the battle of Hastings in a splendid interlude which even outdoes the battle scene in Ein Heldenleben. The whole score is carried through impetuously with a most infectious spirit, verging at times on the hilarious.
Strauss described the piece as "written in the grandest music festival style", and the premiere was noteworthy for innovative features to show off the new concert hall: the lights were lowered, the orchestra performed from a pit, and the large brass section was shifted to the back of the orchestra. Some were critical of the performance: critic and poet Otto Julius Bierbaum quipped that it was "a huge orchestral sauce" ("Eine große Orchestersauce"). Others were more enthusiastic: in 1906 Gustav Mahler saw the work performed at the Concertgebouw, conducted by Willem Mengelberg and wrote to Strauss "I have just heard a splendid performance in Amsterdam of your Taillefer, of which I am especially fond among your works".
Lyrics
Forces
In addition to the three soloists (baritone, tenor and soprano) there is a mixed chorus split into eight parts, each of the four voices split into two. The orchestra consists of:
Four flutes, two piccolos, four oboes, two English horns, six clarinets, two bass clarinets, Four bassoons, one double bassoon.
Eight french horns, six trumpets, four trombones, two tubas
Timpani and percussion.
Strings: Twenty first and eighteen second violins, sixteen violas, fourteen cellos, twelve basses
However, while large, the orchestral resources were only slightly larger than those Mahler was to use in his 8th Symphony of 1910 and less than Arnold Schoenberg in his Gurre-Lieder of 1911.
References
Notes
Sources
Del Mar, Norman, Richard Strauss. A Critical Commentary on his Life and Works, Volume 2, London: Faber and Faber (2009)[1969] (second edition), .
Lodata, Suzanne, The Challenge of the Choral Works, chapter 11 in Mark-Daniel Schmid, Richard Strauss Companion, Praeger Publishers, Westfield CT, (2003), .
Trenner, Franz (2003) Richard Strauss Chronik, Verlag Dr Richard Strauss Gmbh, Wien, .
Cantatas
1903 cantatas
Compositions by Richard Strauss
Heidelberg University
Compositions in D major
Adaptations of works by Ludwig Uhland |
```nsis
Section "Uninstall"
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# Delete (optionally) installed files
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DeleteRegKey HKLM "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\${GROUPNAME} ${APPNAME}"
SectionEnd
``` |
Vogtei may refer to:
the territory of a Vogt
Vogtei, Thuringia, a municipality in Thuringia, Germany
Vogtei (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft), a former local government unit in Thuringia, Germany |
The Gage, later Rokewode-Gage Baronetcy, of Hengrave in the County of Suffolk, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 15 July 1662 for Edward Gage. The eighth Baronet assumed in 1843 by Royal licence the additional surname of Rokewode in compliance with the will of his uncle, John Gage Rokewode. The title became extinct on the death of the ninth Baronet in 1872.
Gage, later Rokewode-Gage baronets, of Hengrave (1662)
Sir Edward Gage, 1st Baronet (–1707)
Sir William Gage, 2nd Baronet (c. 1651–1727)
Sir Thomas Gage, 3rd Baronet (c. 1710–1741)
Sir William Gage, 4th Baronet (c. 1712–1767)
Sir Thomas Rookwood Gage, 5th Baronet (c. 1720–1796)
Sir Thomas Gage, 6th Baronet (c. 1752–1798)
Sir Thomas Gage, 7th Baronet (1781–1820)
Sir Thomas Rokewode-Gage, 8th Baronet (1810–1866)
Sir Edward Rokewode-Gage, 9th Baronet (1812–1872)
References
The London Gazette
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England |
The Romanovs Collect: European Art from the Hermitage was an art exhibition at the University of Michigan Museum of Art (UMMA), on display from September 21 to November 23, 2003. It was part of the festival "Celebrating St. Petersburg: 300 Years of Cultural Brilliance."
Background
The traveling exhibition included 142 objects from the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. UMMA was the only North American venue to host it, and a team of curators from the Hermitage traveled to Ann Arbor for the duration of the show. It was the first large-scale partnership between the Hermitage and a North American university museum, and negotiations took about three years to complete. The exhibition was sponsored by the Ford Motor Company. James Christen Steward (a professor of art history) was UMMA's director at the time.
Description
The exhibition was organized chronologically by the Romanov tsars who collected the pieces, all the way from the founding of St. Petersburg in 1703 through the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. A large percentage of pieces were collected by Catherine the Great. It also included seven pieces collected by Nicholas II, the last Romanov tsar.
Steward said of the exhibition, "The uneasy tension within the royal family grew out of a desire to be of their time and acknowledgment of democratic values amidst a fundamental distrust of the people. Nonetheless, this exhibit seeks to humanize a complex and tragic family history."
Art and objects on display
The show included 142 objects, by approximately 80 different European (including French, English, Dutch, and German) artists and artisans. It include paintings, sculptures, ceramics, porcelain, tapestry, and furniture.
Each piece included was accompanied by a label explaining the lineage of the piece, including information about who acquired it and often some context about his or her reign.
Notable pieces included:
Decorative art
Elizabeth of Russia's Meissen porcelain tureen with the Order of St. Andrew
a Meissen candlestick, cup and saucer, plate and sauce boat
an album of allegorical prints by Marten Heemskerk
furniture by David Roentgen
pieces from the "Cameo" dinner and dessert service made for Catherine the Great by the royal Sèvres Porcelain Factory
a jeweled cane
cream vases with covers by Josiah Wedgewood
Paintings
Moonrise by Caspar David Friedrich (circa 1835)
Ancient Ruins Serving as a Public Bath by Hubert Robert (1796)
Allegory of Spring by Hans Bol
Portrait of a Young Man in a Hat by Jean-Baptiste Greuze
Annunciation by Anton Raphael Mengs
a painting of ships (acquired by Tsar Peter)
Entrée du port de Palerme au clair de lune by Joseph Vernet
Sculptures
three 17th-century Roman sculptures
References
Art exhibitions in the United States
2003 in Michigan
2003 in the arts
Hermitage Museum
Art in Michigan
Tsardom of Russia
Russia–United States relations
September 2003 events in the United States
October 2003 events in the United States
November 2003 events in the United States
Culture of Ann Arbor, Michigan
University of Michigan |
```c++
// Sieve of Eratosthenes
//
// Author: Bedir Tapkan
//
// Desc: Find the prime numbers from 1 - n
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
void sieve(long n, bool * composite, vector<int> &primes){
// n -> the max number to check for primes
// composite -> bool arr to mark composite nums
// primes -> vector that contains primes from 2 -> n
// O(n*sqrt(n)) - but much faster in practice
for (long i = 2; i <= n; ++i){
// Check 2->n if they are already marked as composite
// and mark composites along the way
if (!composite[i]){
// Checking if prime
primes.push_back(i);
for (long j = i*i; j <= n; j += i){
composite[j] = true;
}
}
}
}
void printVector(vector<int> vc) {
for (int i = 0; i < vc.size(); ++i)
cout << vc[i] << " ";
cout << endl << endl;
}
int main() {
long n;
cin >> n; // number to check for primes up to
bool composite[n+1];
memset(composite, false, sizeof composite);
vector<int> primes;
sieve(n, composite, primes);
printVector(primes);
}
``` |
Natalya Aleksandrovna Kachuevskaya née Spirova (; 22 February 1922 – 20 November 1942) was a medic in the Red Army during World War II who committed suicide with a grenade when surrounded, taking out several enemy soldiers in her death as well as avoiding capture. She was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation in 1997.
Early life
Born on 22 February 1922 to a Russian family in Petrograd, she grew up with heavy influence of the theater arts since her mother and aunts were actresses. Shortly after her birth her family moved to Moscow, where she graduated from her tenth grade of school in 1940 before entering the State Institute of Theater Arts.
World War II
The theater school she had completed one semester at was evacuated to Saratov in 1941; there, she organized the development of a frontline concert brigade with fellow students. They gave concerts to military stations and hospitals. During one of those concerts in a Moscow hospital she met her soon-to-be husband Pavel Kachuevsky, a partisan since September 1941 who had been recently evacuated from the front after being wounded in battle with surrounding German forces. They married in spring 1942, shortly before Pavel was sent back to combat, having been assigned to a new partisan detachment. Wanting to go with her husband, she requested to be deployed with him, but was denied, and he was soon killed in action while attacking a German convoy in Gomel on 4 July 1942. However, her hope of being sent to the frontlines was soon realized; in summer that year she graduated from training for snipers and medics aimed at volunteers recruited from the Komsomol. Initially she was assigned to the 16th Airborne Brigade, which was transformed into the 105th Guards Rifle Regiment in August 1942. The unit was posted to an area of Kalmykia where a gap between the Southeastern Front and part of the Transcaucasian Front had formed. Deployed to the warfront in September 1942 as a medic in the 105th Guards Rifle Regiment, she briefly fought on the Southeastern Front that month before going on the Stalingrad Front, seeing combat in the Battle of Stalingrad.
On 20 November her unit engaged in an offensive to encircle enemy forces. While tending to a group of wounded soldiers in a recently retaken dugout, she saw through the broken door in the dugout a sizable force of German soldiers advancing across the steppe. Taking satchel of grenades and a machine gun belonging to one of the wounded, she ran out from the dugout towards a hill to distract the Germans, who opened fire on her. Despite her wounds, she reached the hill and positioned herself to return fire, taking out several German soldiers before running out of bullets. When the Germans came close to her, she detonated her grenades, killing herself while taking out enemy soldiers surrounding her.
Posthumous recognition
Not awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union during the war unlike other people who did similar feats, she was eventually posthumously awarded the Medal "For Courage" on 19 February 1996 before receiving the title Hero of the Russian Federation on 12 May 1997. Nevertheless, she was honored and celebrated in numerous ways before receiving the title, with streets, a young pioneer squad, and a minor planet named in her honor.
See also
Valeriya Gnarovskaya
Natalya Kovshova
Mariya Polivanova
References
Bibliography
1922 births
1942 deaths
Heroes of the Russian Federation
Soviet women in World War II
Soviet military personnel killed in World War II
Deaths by hand grenade |
A.J. Ernststraat is a tram stop within the city of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The stop serves tram lines 5 and 25. Line 25, dubbed the Amsteltram before receiving its line number, opened officially on 13 December 2020, unofficially 4 days earlier on 9 December.
Before being rebuilt in 2019 and 2020, the stop used to serve both the low-floor trams of tram line 5 plus the high-floor trams of metro line 51, a hybrid metro/sneltram (light rail) service that opened in 1990. Both lines 5 and 51 shared the same pair of tracks but used separate, adjacent platforms. There were a pair of low-level platforms for line 5 and a separate pair of high-level platforms for line 51, with stairs connecting the two platform levels. In 2019, metro line 51 service south of Amsterdam Zuid station was terminated to rebuild stations to accommodate only the low-floor trams of lines 5 and 25; the high-level platforms were demolished, and the low-level platforms were lengthened to handle a coupled pair of low-floor trams. As part of the rebuild, the stop was relocated from the south side of Arent Janszoon Ernststraat to the north side of the intersection with Buitenveldertselaan.
References
Tram stops in Amsterdam
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 2020s |
A barrier or barricade is a physical structure which blocks or impedes something.
Barrier may also refer to:
Places
Barrier, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Barrier, Voerendaal, a place in the municipality of Voerendaal, Netherlands
Barrier Bay, an open bay in Antarctica
Barrier Canyon, the former name of Horseshoe Canyon (Utah)
Barrier Lake, Alberta, Canada
Barrier Mountain, the former name of Mount Baldy (Alberta)
Barrier Ranges, a mountain range in New South Wales, Australia
Division of Barrier, a former Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales
The Barrier, a common synonym for the city of Broken Hill, New South Wales
The Barrier Miner, the city's newspaper
Barrier Highway, in Australia, from SA to NSW via Broken Hill
The Barrier, a lava dam in British Columbia, Canada
The Barrier (Kenya), an active shield volcano in Kenya
The Barrier, an early name for the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Biology
Blood-brain barrier, a biological barrier that prevents entry of harmful substances into the brain by selectively allowing some substances to pass through it
Blood-testis barrier, the biological barrier between blood and testes
Blood-placental barrier, the biological barrier between a pregnant person's blood and foetal blood (blood of the baby or babies)
Blood-CSF barrier, the biological barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; brain fluid)
Blood–spinal cord barrier, the biological barrier between blood and the spinal cord
In arts and entertainment
Film
The Barrier (1917 film), a lost 1917 American silent drama film
The Barrier (1926 film), a silent film
The Barrier (1937 film), an American film
Barrier (film), a 1966 Polish film, released in the U.S. as Barrier
, an Egyptian film; see Gheorghe Dinică
The Barrier (1979 film), a Bulgarian film
The Barrier (1990 film), a Bahraini film
Games
Barrier (video game), a 1979 arcade game by Vectorbeam
Music
Barriers (album), by Frank Iero (2019)
"Barrier", a 1985 song by Simon Townshend on the album Moving Target
"Barriers", a song by Suede on their 2013 album Bloodsports
"Barrier", a track from the soundtrack of the 2015 video game Undertale by Toby Fox
Television
Barriers (TV series), a UK television series
The Barrier (TV series), a 2020 Spanish-language dystopian drama TV series
Other uses
Barrier (surname)
Barrier (computer science), a type of synchronization in parallel computing
Barrier (video game), a 1979 maze arcade game
Barrier Air, a New Zealand airline
Barrier cream, hand cream
USS Barrier, a minesweeper in the U.S. Navy
See also
Concrete barrier (disambiguation)
Great Barrier (disambiguation)
Barrière (disambiguation) |
The 2019 GEICO 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 28, 2019, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama. Contested over 188 laps on the 2.66 mile (4.28 km) superspeedway, it was the 10th race of the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season.
Report
Background
Talladega Superspeedway, formerly known as Alabama International Motor Speedway, is a motorsports complex located north of Talladega, Alabama. It is located on the former Anniston Air Force Base in the small city of Lincoln. A tri-oval, the track was constructed in 1969 by the International Speedway Corporation, a business controlled by the France family. Talladega is most known for its steep banking. The track currently hosts NASCAR's Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, Xfinity Series and Gander Outdoors Truck Series. Talladega is the longest NASCAR oval with a length of 2.66-mile-long (4.28 km) tri-oval like the Daytona International Speedway, which is a 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km).
Entry list
Practice
First practice
Kurt Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 47.249 seconds and a speed of .
Final practice
Ryan Newman was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 46.905 seconds and a speed of .
Qualifying
Austin Dillon scored the pole for the race with a time of 49.734 and a speed of .
Qualifying results
Tyler Reddick practiced and qualified the No. 62 for Brendan Gaughan, who was attending his son’s first communion.
Eight cars failed post-qualifying inspection and would be forced to drop to the rear at the start (Nos. 6, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 51)
Race
Stage Results
Stage One
Laps: 55
Stage Two
Laps: 55
Final Stage Results
Stage Three
Laps: 78
Race statistics
Lead changes: 37 among 15 different drivers
Cautions/Laps: 6 for 21
Red flags: 1 for 8 minutes and 47 seconds
Time of race: 3 hours, 5 minutes and 59 seconds
Average speed:
Media
Television
Fox Sports covered their 19th race at the Talladega Superspeedway. Mike Joy, six-time Talladega winner – and all-time restrictor plate race wins record holder – Jeff Gordon and four-time Talladega winner Darrell Waltrip called the race in the booth for the race. Jamie Little, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum handled the action on pit road for the television side.
Radio
MRN had the radio call for the race which was also simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. Alex Hayden, Jeff Striegle and two-time Talladega winner Dale Jarrett called the race in the booth when the field raced through the tri-oval. Dave Moody called the race from the Sunoco spotters stand outside turn 2 when the field raced through turns 1 and 2. Mike Bagley called the race from a platform inside the backstretch when the field raced down the backstretch. Kurt Becker called the race from the Sunoco spotters stand outside turn 4 when the field raced through turns 3 and 4. Winston Kelley, Kim Coon, Steve Post, and Dillon Welch worked pit road for the radio side.
Standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
Manufacturers' Championship standings
Note: Only the first 16 positions are included for the driver standings.
. – Driver has clinched a position in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series playoffs.
References
GEICO 500
GEICO 500
GEICO 500
NASCAR races at Talladega Superspeedway |
Dôn () is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the "Children of Dôn", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.
The House of Dôn
In astronomy
Llys Dôn (literally "The Court of Dôn") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion ("The Castle of Gwydion") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod ("The Castle of Arianrhod") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.
See also
The House of Llŷr
Tuatha Dé Danann
Danu (Irish goddess)
Donn
References
External links
The New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.
Welsh goddesses
Mother goddesses |
Napoleon and Love is a 1974 British television series originally aired on ITV and lasting for 9 episodes from 5 March to 30 April 1974. The series stars Ian Holm in the title role as Napoleon and depicts his relationships with the women who featured in his life as a backdrop to his rise and fall.
Main cast
Ian Holm as Napoleon
Billie Whitelaw as Josephine Bonaparte
Peter Bowles as Murat
Ronald Hines as Berthier
Peter Jeffrey as Talleyrand
T. P. McKenna as Barras
Sorcha Cusack as Hortense
Edward de Souza as Joseph Bonaparte
Wendy Allnutt as Madame Tallien
Veronica Lang as Madame de Remusat
John White as Constant
Tim Curry as Eugene
Karen Dotrice as Desiree
Cheryl Kennedy as Pauline
Nicola Pagett as Georgina
Stephanie Beacham as Madame Duchatel
Diana Quick as Eleonore
Catherine Schell as Marie Walewska
Susan Wooldridge as Marie-Louise
Ian Trigger as Raguideau
Episodes
References
External links
1974 British television series debuts
1974 British television series endings
1970s British television miniseries
1970s British drama television series
ITV television dramas
Films about Napoleon
Cultural depictions of Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
Cultural depictions of Joséphine de Beauharnais
English-language television shows
Period television series
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows produced by Thames Television
Television shows shot at Teddington Studios |
Cornelius "Cor" Schilder, M.H.M. (born 19 September 1941) is an emeritus Roman Catholic Bishop from the Netherlands. He was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ngong in Kenya from 2003 to 2009.
Biography
Cornelius Schilder was born on 19 September 1941 in Westwoud in the Netherlands. He studied philosophy at Mill Hill College in Roosendaal, and later theology at Mill Hill College in London, England. On 29 June 1968, he was ordained as priest in Westwoud. In 1971, he went to Kenya with the Mill Hill Missionaries and worked in the dioceses Ngong and Garissa. In 2002, he was appointed Bishop of Ngong after Colin Cameron Davies retired. On 25 January 2003 he was consecrated as bishop. In 2009, he retired "due to [a] health problem".
Although highly esteemed, after contradicting allegations of sexual abuse of a boy, many years ago, and of which there was no proof, it is claimed that the Vatican induced the bishop when in his late sixties into retirement. Schilder currently does not celebrate masses in public and exercises no pastoral tasks. He lives with the Mill Hill Missionaries in Oosterbeek, Netherlands.
References
1941 births
Living people
Dutch Roman Catholic missionaries
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Kenya
People from Drechterland
Roman Catholic missionaries in Kenya
Dutch expatriates in Kenya
Roman Catholic bishops of Ngong |
Richard Wellington McLaren (April 21, 1918 – February 25, 1976) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.
Education and career
Born on April 21, 1918, in Chicago, Illinois, McLaren received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1939 and a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1942, and thereafter briefly entered private practice in New York City, New York. He was in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, serving from 1942 to 1946, where he attained the rank of captain. Afterwards, he returned to private practice in New York. In 1950, he moved back to Chicago. He became an Assistant Attorney General of the United States, supervising the Antitrust Division from 1969 until his appointment to the federal bench. As Assistant Attorney General, he argued for the Government in the United States Supreme Court in Blonder-Tongue Labs., Inc. v. University of Ill. Foundation and FTC v. Sperry & Hutchinson Co.
Federal judicial service
McLaren was nominated by President Richard Nixon on December 2, 1971, to a seat vacated by Judge Julius Hoffman on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. He was confirmed on December 2, 1971, and received his commission on January 26, 1972. He remained on the court until his death of the effects of an undisclosed debilitating illness on February 25, 1976, in Chicago.
References
Sources
1918 births
1976 deaths
Lawyers from Chicago
Military personnel from Illinois
Yale University alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
United States district court judges appointed by Richard Nixon
United States Assistant Attorneys General for the Antitrust Division
20th-century American judges
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II |
John Sebright (fl. 1413) of Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in May 1413.
References
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English MPs May 1413
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes |
The Avioane Craiova IAR-93 Vultur (Eagle) is a twinjet, subsonic, close support, ground attack and tactical reconnaissance aircraft with secondary capability as low level interceptor. Built as single-seat main attack version or combat capable two-seat version for advanced flying and weapon training, it was developed in 1970s by Romania and Yugoslavia to become more independent from Soviet equipment. The Romanian aircraft were built by I.R.Av. Craiova as IAR-93, and its Yugoslav counterpart by Soko as the Soko J-22 Orao. For Romania, the IAR-93 was intended to replace MiG-15s and MiG-17s in the fighter-bomber role.
Development
On May 20, 1971, Romania and Yugoslavia signed the governmental agreements for the YuRom R&D programme. The program managers were Dipl. Dr. Engineer Teodor Zamfirescu for the Romanian party and Colonel Vidoje Knežević for the Yugoslav party.
The requirements called for a light subsonic aircraft for ground attack and tactical reconnaissance missions and with low level air combat as a secondary capability. It was to be built on a simple structure, using locally produced equipment and avionics (but compatible with Western components), tough (able to operate on grass or damaged runways), easy to maintain, and reliable. The aircraft was of conventional twin-engine, high mounted wing monoplane configuration with all flying surfaces swept. The Rolls-Royce Viper was chosen as the powerplant, as SOKO had experience with licence-building this engine. It was originally intended that an afterburner would be developed for the Viper engines, but there were prolonged difficulties with this project, meaning that none of the pre-production aircraft featured it, and neither did early production examples. During the 1980s, both countries developed slightly different versions to take advantage of the afterburning engines that had since become available.
Flight testing
The Romanian single-seat prototype White 001 made its first flight which lasted 21 minutes on October 31, 1974 at Bacău (simultaneously with the Yugoslav prototype at Batajnica Air Base). The aircraft was flown by Colonel Gheorghe Stănică. On September 20, 1979 the plane was lost when, during a test flight both engines stopped and the pilot ejected. This prompted modifications to the combustion chamber (including all aircraft already delivered).
On July 18, 1975 the aircraft was presented to Nicolae Ceauşescu on the Bacău airfield.
The DC (two-seat) prototype #003 first flew on January 23, 1977, and was lost on November 24, 1977 due to tail flutter. The left elevator broke off while in level flight at 500 m altitude and 1,045 km/h. The Martin-Baker Mk RU10J zero-zero ejection seats functioned well and the two test pilots ejected safely. After this event the aft fuselage structure was reinforced.
Prototype #004 crashed at Craiova Air Base on February 20, 1979 during an aerobatics demonstration. The pilot, Capt. Eng. Dobre Stan did not manage to eject.
On August 23, 1979 three IAR-93 (#001, #002 and #005) were first presented to the public in flight during the military parade celebrating the national day of Romania at that time.
Variants
IAR-93A: initial production version with non-afterburning Viper Mk 632-41 turbojets15 pre-production aircraft delivered in 1979; entered service in 198126 built (#109-119 pre-production, #150-164 series) as single-seaters and 9 DC (two-seat) trainers (#005-008 pre-production, #180-184 series)
IAR-93MB: MB = Motor de Baza (basic engine). This version had the fuselage of the IAR-93B but used the non-afterburning engine of the IAR-93Adelivered starting with 198215 single-seaters built (#201-215)
IAR-93B: refined version with afterburning Viper Mk 633-47 engines, increased internal fuel capacity, upgraded hardpoints and revised wing, including leading edge extensions. Also, the ventral fins, inboard wing fences and forward fuselage strakes were removedfirst flew in 1985; entered service in 198727 built as single-seater (#200, #216-241) and 7 DC (#600-606)
Operators
Romania
Romanian Air Force (67th Fighter-Bomber Regiment and 49th Fighter-Bomber Regiment from Craiova and Ianca respectively)
Lost aircraft
Data from Romanian press and partially from ejection-history.org.uk
#002, November 24, 1977 The left elevator broke off due to flutter. Both pilots, Col. Gheorghe D. Stanica and Col. Petru Ailiesei, ejected safely.
#003, February 20, 1979 at Craiova Air Base. Capt. Eng. Dobre Stan did not manage to eject.
#001, September 20, 1979 Both engines stopped. Col. Ilie P. Botea ejected safely.
#113, March 8, 1983 Maj. Crashed on landing due to pilot error. Maj Ion G. Tanase ejected safely.
#???, August 14, 1986 G.M. Stoica (not confirmed or incomplete info)
#602, August 25, 1992 Both pilots, Maj. Dan C. Cosaceanu and Cpt. Traian G. Neagoe, ejected safely.
#200, November 26, 1996 at Recea-Slatina. Crashed during a test flight. Cpt. Cmdr. Matei "Bebe" Constantin ejected safely.
#210, July 9, 1997 at Craiova Air Base. Exploded on the runway during preparations for Romanian-made cluster munitions testing. 16 ground personnel died. The pilot, Cmdr. Ion Marculescu, had not yet approached the plane and was unharmed.
#219, April 9, 1998 at Ghercesti, near Craiova. The forward landing gear could not be deployed after a test flight. Cmdr. Ion Marculescu ejected safely after exhausting the fuel and the airplane crashed a few km further. This was the last flight for the type.
Retirement
Following the outbreak of the war in Yugoslavia and the UN embargo, the IAR-93 program ended in Romania in 1992, with several airframes in different stages of construction. Around 75 aircraft were still in service, a few of them being used for testing and research (#200 – first B model with afterburners, #600 (DC) – the only one fitted with canards).
The last IAR-93s were withdrawn and mothballed from the Romanian Air Force in 1998. Surviving airframes are stored at Deveselu (IAR-93A #116), Timișoara (IAR-93MB #214), and Craiova (about 60 aircraft), not flight worthy (engines and other equipment removed) and most of them are up for sale. Apparently 20 of them were scrapped until 2006, with the rest awaiting the same fate in 2007.
The J-22 Orao are still in service with the air force of Serbia. The last Yugoslav aircraft was delivered in February 1992, and the plant in Mostar was destroyed shortly after.
Aircraft on display
#002 (prototype DC) Aviation Museum, Bucharest (44°28'39.7"N 26°06'41.8"E)
#109 (A) Henri Coandă School courtyard, Perișor, Dolj
#112 (A) Aviation Museum, Bucharest (44°28'39.8"N 26°06'42.2"E)
#114 (A) Aviation Museum, Bucharest (44°28'38.9"N 26°06'40.9"E)
#153 (A) at the National Military Museum, Bucharest (44°26'25.3"N 26°04'36.4"E)
#157 (A) donated by the Romanian Air Force to the Museum of Aviation in Košice, Slovakia on October 23, 2006
#159 (A) in Bucharest, at the gate of I.N.C.A.S./Comoti Institut (the birthplace of IAR 93 and IAR 99) (44°26'03.5"N 26°00'21.3"E)
#182 (A) Aviation Museum, Bucharest (44°28'38.5"N 26°06'39.7"E)
#201 (MB) in Timișoara, on the road to Resita (45°43'8.27"N; 21°11'58.77"E)
#205 (MB), #207, #208 (August 2022) in Orăștie, at Arsenal Park (45°50'02.7"N 23°09'52.7"E)
#206 (MB) in Pivka Military History Park, Pivka, Slovenia
#207 (MB) in Timișoara (45°44'4.65"N; 21°15'49.65"E)
#208 (MB) Faur factory courtyard, Bucharest (44°25'38.7"N 26°10'49.3"E)
#215 (MB) Colonești, Olt (44°38'01.3"N 24°40'41.2"E)
#216 (MB) Bălăbănești, Galați (46°05'22.1"N 27°43'04.6"E)
#223 (B) Gagu, Dascălu, (44°36'43.4"N 26°15'36.1"E)
#229 (B) Vădeni, Brăila (45°21'46.572" N 27°56'22.716" E)
#232 (B) in the Military Technical Academy's courtyard, Bucharest
#600 (DC) in the Air Force Academy's courtyard, Brașov
Iasi
#IAR93 Vulturul
[https://mec.tuiasi.ro/
Facultatea de mecanica "Gheorghe Asachi" din Iași
Specifications (IAR-93B)
See also
References
External links
National Institute for Aerospace Research "Elie Carafoli"
Photos of IAR-93 at Airliners.net
More photos at aeroflight.co.uk
Retired aircraft at 322 Aviation Maintenance Centre, Craiova
Movie at YouTube
93
1970s international attack aircraft
1970s Romanian attack aircraft
1970s Romanian military reconnaissance aircraft
1970s Romanian military trainer aircraft
Romania–Serbia relations
Twinjets
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1974
Romania–Yugoslavia relations |
Lucas da Silva Carvalho (born 16 July 1993) is a Brazilian sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. He represented his country at the 2017 World Championships without qualifying for the semifinals. He was also an unused reserve runner for the Brazilian 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
His personal best in the event is 44.79 seconds set in São Paulo in 2023. Earlier in his career he competed in the 110 metres hurdles.
Personal bests
200 m: 20.40 (wind: +1.2 m/s) – São Paulo, 13 Dec 2020
400 m: 44.79 – São Paulo, 29 Jul 2023
All information from World Athletics profile.
International competitions
References
1993 births
Living people
Brazilian male sprinters
World Athletics Championships athletes for Brazil
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 South American Games
South American Games gold medalists for Brazil
South American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in athletics
Ibero-American Championships in Athletics winners
South American Games gold medalists in athletics
Troféu Brasil de Atletismo winners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Brazil
Sportspeople from Santo André, São Paulo
21st-century Brazilian people
South American Games competitors for Brazil
Athletes (track and field) at the 2022 South American Games |
A list of films produced by the Turkish film industry in Turkey in 2007.
Highest-grossing films
References
2007
Turkey
Films |
Strachosław is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamień, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Kamień, south-east of Chełm, and east of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Villages in Chełm County |
Uğrak () is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bismil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 95 in 2022.
The village was depopulated in 1994 until 2000.
References
Neighbourhoods in Bismil District
Kurdish settlements in Diyarbakır Province |
CFMY-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format at 96.1 FM in Medicine Hat, Alberta. The station is branded as My96 and is owned by the Jim Pattison Group.
History
The station originally began broadcasting as CJCY at 1390 AM in 1982, until it moved to its current frequency in 1998.
References
External links
My96
Fmy
Fmy
Fmy
Radio stations established in 1982
1982 establishments in Alberta |
A forked cross, is a Gothic cross in the form of the letter Y that is also known as a crucifixus dolorosus, furca, ypsilon cross, Y-cross, robber's cross or thief's cross.
According to recent research, the forked cross emerged under the influence of the mystics in the late 13th or early 14th century and is especially common in the German Rhineland, where it is also called a Gabelkreuz ("fork cross"), Mystikerkruzifix ("mystic's cross"), Gabelkruzifix ("fork crucifix"), Schächerkreuz ("robber's cross"), or Pestkreuz ("plague cross").
Description
It is believed that the forked cross represents a tree, or more precisely, the Tree of Knowledge, which brought sin into the world. However sin was defeated by the suffering of Jesus on the cross at Calvary.
Typical of the mystic crucifixes is the body of Christ hanging on a Y-shaped tree fork with his head falling low over his chest, his mouth contorted with pain and his eyes full of tears. His narrow, sinewy arms stretch more upward than sideways, his thin body is strongly bent and deeply sunken below the breastbone, with prominently protruding ribs and a gaping wound in his side. Fingers and toes are spread apart and spasmodically bent. The overall impression of the painted figure was intended to be so horrific that believers would be in fear and terror. It is recorded that in 1306 the Bishop of London removed a mystic crucifix for this reason.
Emergence
Religious currents of the 13-14th century developed, under the influence of mysticism, a piety centred on Christ's Passion, which expressed itself in this image form that portrayed Jesus' suffering in a particularly graphic way. In art history, the technical term crucifixus dolorosus has come to be used, a term introduced by Geza de Francovich. Gothic passion crucifixes often use forked crosses, but not in all cases. Quite a few hang on Latin crosses. But they are almost always in the form of branches that recall the Tree of Life. The aforementioned term "plague cross" (Pestkreuz) is misleading, since crucifixi dolorosi appeared soon after 1300, i.e. before the outbreak of the great plague in Western Europe. Little is known about their original function. What is certain is that the Coesfeld Cross had already been carried through the town during processions from the beginning.
Many forked crosses are found in places run by the Dominican and Franciscan orders, especially in Italy.
Not until the Counter-Reformation did people begin to honour the crosses in many places with a special procession. Often the two thieves will appear on a forked cross, while Jesus is depicted hanging on a straight beam. Hence the alternative name of "robber's cross" or "thief's cross" (Schächerkreuz).
Distribution
The forked cross in the church of St. Mary's in the Capitol in Cologne was thought for a long time to be the oldest forked crucifix. Restoration work revealed, however, that it was not the original prototype for all forked crosses, but that this crucifix may have been the catalyst for the popularization of this type of cross in the Rhineland.
The cross at St. Mary's in the Capitol was carved in the 14th century (before 1312). Restoration work in recent years revealed much of the late medieval, second painting (Zweitfassung). Small sections of the exposed, first painting revealed astonishing similarities with the original coat of paint of the Bocholt Cross, once again visible since 1967, which used the Cologne Cross as a prototype, even though different sculptors were employed.
The crucifixus dolorosus from St. Mary's in the Capitol bears very little similarity with the style of the Rhenish and Cologne sculptors of its time; it appears to be a singular work of outstanding quality. It is therefore questionable whether this forked cross was created by a Cologne wood carver. Even the other sculptures of this type in Germany appear to be by "foreign" craftsmen when compared with the local art of their particular region. They only had a limited, local following. On the other hand, artistic links to crosses in other countries can be recognised. Especially clear is an Italian influence. Thus it is possible that the original forked crosses are imported pieces, or that they were carved by itinerant craftsmen, which may explain why local walnut wood was used for the crucifix of St. Mary's in the Capitol.
Another early example of these mystic crucifixes, besides the one in St. Mary's in the Capitol, is that in St. Severin's Church in Cologne. Other, later crosses exist in Haltern, Bocholt, Borken and in St. Lambert's, Coesfeld. The crucifixes in St. Simon and St. Jude's in Thorr (Bergheim county), St. John's in Lage/Rieste (Lower Saxony), the cross in St. Peter's Church, Merzig and the crucifix in the Roman Catholic parish church of St. John the Baptist in Kendenich (Hürth) also belong to this group.
These sorts of crucifix are also found, albeit in much smaller numbers, in other European countries, not just in Italy, but also in Switzerland and in Upper Austria and in Spain.
Heraldry
In heraldry, the pall is a charge that resembles a forked cross. Its diminutive is known as a shakefork. However, the pall is thought to derive from an ecclesiastical vestment, the pallium.
References
Literature
Monika von Alemann-Schwartz: Crucifixus dolorosus. Beiträge zur Polychromie und Ikonographie der rheinischen Gabelkruzifixe. Bonn, 1976 (Bonn, Univ., Diss.).
Géza de Francovich: L'origine e la diffusione dell crocifisso gotico doloroso. In: Kunstgeschichtliches Jahrbuch der Bibliotheca Hertziana. 2, 1938, , pp. 143–265.
Godehard Hoffmann: Das Gabelkreuz in St. Maria im Kapitol zu Köln und das Phänomen der Crucifixi dolorosi in Europa. Werner, Worms 2006, (Arbeitsheft der rheinischen Denkmalpflege 69 = Studien zu Kunstdenkmälern im Erzbistum Köln 2).
Felix Liebermann: Ein deutscher Bildhauer in London 1306. In: Repertorium für Kunstwissenschaft. 33, 1910, , p. 550.
Fried Mühlberg: Crucifixus Dolorosus. Über Bedeutung und Herkunft des gotischen Gabelkruzifixes. In: Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch. 22, 1960, , pp. 69–86.
Max Strucken: Literarische und künstlerische Quellen des Gabel-Kruzifixus. Strucken, Düsseldorf, 1928 (Cologne, Univ., Diss., 1928).
External links
Late Gothic passion crucifixes - forked cross in St. Mary's in the Capitol at Cologne
Crosses by form |
Kavas Jamas Badshah (also Kavasji Jamasji Badshah) OBE, (1858 Mumbai - 1931) was a senior officer of the Indian Civil Service who retired to Ipswich, Suffolk where he contributed to civil life and served as Mayor of Ipswich.
Education
Badshah was educated at the Elphinstone High School, Mumbai followed by Bombay University. He then completed his education at University College London. He passed the exam for the Indian Civil Service in 1877 and took up appointment on 12 November 1879.
Career in Indian Civil Service
1879: Commissioner of Excise and Salt, Bengal (Indian Salt Service)
1887: Post-Master of North Western Provinces and Oudh
1896: Deputy Director-General of the Post Office
1897: Comptroller of the Post Office
1902: Post Master General, Bengal
Family life
Badshah married Emma Collington Pierson in 1885. Their son, Cecil Pierson Badshah was born in 1886 followed by Lilian Mary Collington Badshah on 14 Sep 1890 in Allahabad. His family settled in Ipswich in 1892, with Badshah joining them when he retired in 1904.
His son Cecil qualified as a solicitor and changed his name to Cecil Pierson Bradshaw in 1915. He died on 29 September 1919 in Ipswich, survived by his wife and daughter.
Civic career in Ipswich
In 1913 he was elected for Middle Ward, Ipswich, becoming mayor for the period 1925-6. In 1918 he was awarded the Order of the British Empire for war services.
References
1858 births
1931 deaths
Mayors of Ipswich, Suffolk
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
People from Bombay Presidency
British civil servants in British India |
Charles Powell Clinch (October 20, 1797 – December 16, 1880) was an American playwright and public official. A longtime appointed official at the U.S. Custom House in New York City, he was most notable for his service as acting Collector of the Port of New York from 1865 to 1866.
Early life
Charles Powell Clinch was born in New York City on October 20, 1797, a son of prominent ship chandler James Clinch and his first wife Susannah (Banker) Clinch. Among Clinch's siblings was Cornelia, the wife of Alexander Turney Stewart. Clinch was educated in the schools of New York City and worked briefly as a private secretary to Henry Eckford, a clerk at City Bank of New York and an editor at the Aurora newspaper. In his early life, Clinch was left independently wealthy by the death of his father. Much of his wealth was in insurance company stock, and he lost most of it as the result of higher than usual claims caused by 1835's Great Fire of New York, which caused several insurers to fail.
Career
A Democrat in politics, Clinch served in the New York State Assembly From 1835 to 1836, the 58th, 59th, and 60th Legislatures. In addition, he was active in the Tammany Hall organization and served as a sachem.
Because of his reduced financial circumstances, in 1838 Clinch obtained an appointment as an inspector in the New York Custom House, and he remained a customs official for the next thirty-eight years, regardless of the collector's party affiliation. In 1839 he was appointed one of the custom house's deputy collectors, a position in which he remained until 1857. Clinch provided continuity between collectors, who were political appointees, and became renowned for his knowledge of customs laws and regulations. In 1857, he was appointed a special deputy, empowered to act for the collector in the collector's absence, and he remained in this position until 1863.
In 1863, Collector Hiram Barney appointed Clinch as assistant collector, the collector's chief deputy, and a position which was not filled before or after Clinch's appointment. He remained in this position until retiring in November 1876. Clinch served as acting collector from November 13, 1865, to May 16, 1866, between the suicide of Preston King and appointment of Henry A. Smythe. He resisted the efforts of John Van Buren and other supporters to obtain the collector's position for him, arguing that he did want to lose his independence by becoming a political appointee. A pro-Union Democrat during the American Civil War, when news of Robert E. Lee's surrender reached New York, Clinch informed his staff by marching into the custom house rotunda with an American flag and singing every verse to The Star-Spangled Banner.
Clinch was a poet and author and maintained a wide circle of literary and artistic friends, including James Gordon Bennett Sr., Thurlow Weed, Fitz-Greene Halleck, and Emma Stebbins. Among his published works were the plays were The Spy, The Avengers Vow, The Expelled Collegians, and The First of May in New York.
Family
Clinch was married to Abigail (Abby) Mary Allen (1782-1770). She was the mother of a daughter, Annie (d. 1890), whom Clinch adopted. His sister was Cornelia Mitchell Clinch, who married Alexander Turney Stewart.
Death and burial
Clinch died in New York City on December 16, 1880. He was buried at Moravian Cemetery on Staten Island.
References
1797 births
1880 deaths
Politicians from Manhattan
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
Collectors of the Port of New York
19th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Burials at Moravian Cemetery |
Alexander Wood (January 1772 – 11 September 1844) was a Scottish merchant and magistrate in Upper Canada who was the centre of a sex scandal in 1810.
Early life and career
Wood was born at Fetteresso near Stonehaven, Scotland, and he moved to Upper Canada in 1793, settling in the town of York (now Toronto) four years later. His original home was located on King Street, between Bay and York Streets, in the heart of what is now Toronto's Financial District. Going into business with William Allan, he established himself as one of the city's leading merchants, was gazetted lieutenant in the York militia in 1798, and was appointed a city magistrate in 1800. In 1801, Wood opened his own store providing quality goods imported from London and Glasgow. The first sidewalk of Toronto was laid on the northwest corner of his King and Frederick shop.
Scandal of 1810
In 1810, Wood found himself at the centre of a scandal when he investigated a rape case. The victim, referred to as Miss Bailey, came to Wood claiming that she did not know the identity of her attacker, however she had scratched her assailant's penis during the assault. In order to identify the assailant, Wood personally inspected the genitals of a number of suspects for injury. There is no evidence on the public record that Wood acted improperly during the investigation, nor indeed of Wood's actual sexual orientation; however, contradictory rumours began to emerge about his conduct, including allegations that Miss Bailey never existed at all and that Wood had fabricated the rape charge as an opportunity to fondle and seduce young men.
When confronted with the charges by his friend, Judge William Dummer Powell, Wood wrote back, "I have laid myself open to ridicule & malevolence, which I know not how to meet; that the thing will be made the subject of mirth and a handle to my enemies for a sneer I have every reason to expect." Wood became the subject of ridicule and was tagged with the nickname "Molly Wood", "Molly" then being a derisive slang expression for a homosexual man. John Robinson, at the time a young law clerk in Powell's office, called Wood the "Inspector General of private Accounts."
Judge Powell buried the potential sodomy charges on condition that Wood leave Upper Canada, and Wood left for Scotland in October 1810.
Return to York
Wood returned to York by 1812, resuming his prior appointment as a magistrate. He fought in the War of 1812 and was on the boards of several organizations. His life in York continued without incident until 1823, when Rev. John Strachan, a longtime friend of Wood's, recommended him for a position on the 1812 War Claims Commission. Judge Powell was the appointing authority and refused Wood on moral grounds due to the 1810 scandal. Wood sued Powell for defamation and won, but Powell refused to pay and subsequently published a pamphlet attacking Wood even further.
Wood remained in York, continuing his service in civic duties for the next seventeen years. In 1827 he purchased 50 acres (0.2 km²) of land at Yonge and Carlton Streets, which was referred to as "Molly Wood's Bush" throughout the 19th century.
Death
Alexander Wood finally returned to Scotland in 1842 and he died there two years later at the age of 72 in Woodcot. The British Colonist paid tribute to Wood as one of Toronto's most distinguished founding citizens.
Wood had never married — and neither had any of his brothers and sisters, all of whom were themselves already deceased by the time of Wood's death — and he consequently had no legal heirs. Owing to differences between Scottish and Canadian estate law, it took seven years after his death for the Court of Session and the British House of Lords to decide that his estate would be divided up under Scottish, rather than Canadian, law. His estate thus passed to a first cousin once removed in 1851.
Legacy
The area once known as Molly Wood's Bush is now part of Toronto's Church and Wellesley gay village, and contains an Alexander Street, a Wood Street and an Alexander Place.
In 1994, playwrights John Wimbs and Christopher Richards launched a play entitled Molly Wood, based on Wood's life. This production garnered Dora Awards for Best New Play and Best Production in 1995.
The Alexander Wood Letterbooks, which are in the collection of the Baldwin Room at the Toronto Public Library, are widely used as a resource for researching trade in early Upper Canada.
In 2005, Church Wellesley Village Business Improvement Association (CWVBIA) launched a beer named for Wood. Alexander Wood Lager was brewed by Lakes of Muskoka Cottage Brewery and was marketed exclusively to bars in the Church and Wellesley area.
Statue
In 2005, the CWVBIA erected a statue of Wood in the neighbourhood, honouring him as a forefather of Toronto's modern gay community. The statue by sculptor Del Newbigging was unveiled on 28 May 2005. The $200,000 cost was shared by the business association and the City of Toronto. The statue incorporated a rose on the lapel of Wood's coat, in a secondary nod to Pierre Elliott Trudeau, the prime minister at the time a law was passed where a limited exception was added to the Criminal Code for the offenses of buggery or gross indecency – provided the acts took place in private and those involved were over 21. Homosexual acts remained defined in law as a crime.
On 8 June 2021, the Church-Wellesley Village BIA called for the removal of the statue because of the involvement of Alexander Wood in the Society for Converting and Civilizing the Indians and Propagating the Gospel Among Destitute Settlers in Upper Canada, which contributed to the organization of the Indian residential school system in Canada. The statue was taken down on 4 April 2022 by the business improvement association.
Notes
1772 births
1844 deaths
LGBT history in Canada
Businesspeople from Toronto
Pre-Confederation Ontario people
Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Canadian merchants
People from Stonehaven
Immigrants to Upper Canada |
Lidia Ravera (born 6 February 1951 in Turin, Piedmont) is an Italian writer, journalist, essayist and screenwriter.
Ravera has been a regular contributor to the italian edition of Cosmopolitan. Her most popular novel, Porci con le ali ("Winged Pigs"), dealt with the disillusionment of her generation with the ideals of the late 1960s. In 1977 Ravera wrote a film adaptation of the book.
She'a an atheist.
Bibliography
Porci con le ali (1976, with )
Ammazzare il tempo (1978)
Bambino mio (1979)
Bagna i fiori e aspettami (1986)
Per funghi (1987)
Se dico perdo l'America (1988)
Voi grandi (1990)
Tempi supplementari (1990)
Due volte vent'anni (1992)
In quale nascondiglio del cuore: lettera a un figlio adolescente (1993)
Il paese di Eseap (1994)
Sorelle ("Sisters", 1994)
I compiti delle vacanze (1997)
Nessuno al suo posto (1998)
Maledetta gioventù (1999)
Né giovani né vecchi (2000)
Un lungo inverno fiorito e altre storie (2001)
Il paese all'incontrario (2002)
La festa è finita (2002)
Il freddo dentro (2003)
In fondo, a sinistra... (2005)
Screenplays
Porci con le ali (1977)
Maschio Femmina Fiore Frutto (1979)
Oggetti smarriti (1980)
Adamo ed Eva, la prima storia d'amore (1982)
Pathos - un sapore di paura (1987)
Fair Game (1988)
32 dicembre (1988)
Amori in corso (1989)
Due madri per Rocco (1994)
Dopo la tempesta (1995)
Due volte vent'anni (1995)
Un nero per casa (1998)
Il Dolce Rumore Della Vita (1999)
Una vita in gioco (TV series)
Una vita in gioco 2. Dopo la tempesta (TV series)
Theater
Comprami! (2012, with Marco Fusi)
Nuda proprietà (2014).
References
External links
Official website
"Lidia Ravera", scrittoriperunanno RAI
1951 births
Living people
Writers from Turin
Italian women journalists
Italian women writers
Italian screenwriters
Italian atheists |
Ian Riddoch is a former CEO of the Glasgow Warriors, a professional Scottish rugby union club playing in the Pro14.
On leaving Leeds Beckett University in 1994 Riddoch got a job with Leeds City Council in Promotions and Tourism. This evolved into being a co-ordinator for Leeds becoming a host city for the football tournament Euro 96.
This gave a natural progression into the sporting world; first as an account manager working on football sponsorship accounts between 1995 and 1998; then as head of sales and marketing for Super League (Europe) marketing rugby league. Staying with rugby league he became the commercial director of Wigan Warriors in 2000.
Moving to football, he was the head of sales and marketing at Aberdeen FC for five years from 2001. He stepped down from this role to become a consultant in May 2006. He briefly worked with Milton Keynes Dons to develop a programme for their new stadium plan.
A move to rugby union saw him become the Commercial Director for Edinburgh Rugby. He moved to the Edinburgh club in August 2006.
He was made interim General Manager of the Glasgow Warriors in June 2007. This move to Glasgow was made permanent by Riddoch accepting the post of Chief Executive Officer in July 2007. The new CEO was keen on new sponsorship deals and together with Edinburgh Rugby they announced a sponsorship deal for the 2008-09 season's 1872 Cup with the backing of the fitness operator David Lloyd Leisure.
Riddoch stepped down as CEO in July 2009. This seemed to be following a review by the SRU of its commercial operation. It was hinted that this review took back the commercial activities from the professional clubs to the SRU and was accompanied by a drop in salary for both Edinburgh Rugby and Glasgow Warriors CEOs. Riddoch refused the new deal. After a short caretaker stint by Colin Thomson, the Warriors replaced Riddoch as CEO by Kenny Baillie in October 2009.
In 2010 it was announced that he was the new Commercial Director of football club Southend Utd. The post lasted last than a year and he became a consultant again in 2011.
From 2011 he has been consulting in Doha, Qatar developing football's commerciality there ahead of the 2022 World Cup. He is presently the Acting Director of Sales for the Qatar Stars League.
External links
Riddoch parts company with Glasgow
Chief Executive Ian Riddoch quits Glasgow
References
Scottish chief executives
Living people
Glasgow Warriors
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Xtreme () is a 2021 Spanish revenge thriller and martial arts film directed by , written by Teo García, Iván Ledesma and Genaro Rodríguez and starring Teo García, Óscar Jaenada, Sergio Peris-Mencheta and Óscar Casas.
Cast
See also
List of Spanish films of 2021
References
External links
Spanish-language Netflix original films
Spanish action thriller films
2021 martial arts films
2020s Spanish-language films
2020s Spanish films
Spanish films about revenge |
```c++
#include "source/extensions/filters/udp/udp_proxy/session_filters/dynamic_forward_proxy/config.h"
#include "envoy/registry/registry.h"
#include "envoy/server/filter_config.h"
#include "source/extensions/common/dynamic_forward_proxy/dns_cache_manager_impl.h"
#include "source/extensions/filters/udp/udp_proxy/session_filters/dynamic_forward_proxy/proxy_filter.h"
namespace Envoy {
namespace Extensions {
namespace UdpFilters {
namespace UdpProxy {
namespace SessionFilters {
namespace DynamicForwardProxy {
DynamicForwardProxyNetworkFilterConfigFactory::DynamicForwardProxyNetworkFilterConfigFactory()
: FactoryBase("envoy.filters.udp.session.dynamic_forward_proxy") {}
FilterFactoryCb DynamicForwardProxyNetworkFilterConfigFactory::createFilterFactoryFromProtoTyped(
const FilterConfig& proto_config, Server::Configuration::FactoryContext& context) {
Extensions::Common::DynamicForwardProxy::DnsCacheManagerFactoryImpl cache_manager_factory(
context);
ProxyFilterConfigSharedPtr filter_config(
std::make_shared<ProxyFilterConfig>(proto_config, cache_manager_factory, context));
return [filter_config](Network::UdpSessionFilterChainFactoryCallbacks& callbacks) -> void {
callbacks.addReadFilter(std::make_shared<ProxyFilter>(filter_config));
};
}
/**
* Static registration for the dynamic_forward_proxy filter. @see RegisterFactory.
*/
REGISTER_FACTORY(DynamicForwardProxyNetworkFilterConfigFactory, NamedUdpSessionFilterConfigFactory);
} // namespace DynamicForwardProxy
} // namespace SessionFilters
} // namespace UdpProxy
} // namespace UdpFilters
} // namespace Extensions
} // namespace Envoy
``` |
The Végh Quartet was a Hungarian string quartet founded in 1940 and led by its first violinist Sándor Végh for 40 years. The quartet was based in Budapest until it departed Hungary in 1946. It is particularly known for its recordings of the Beethoven (recorded twice – 1952 mono and 1972-4 stereo) and Bartók cycles. The quartet disbanded in 1980.
Personnel
The personnel from 1940 to 1978 were:
Sándor Végh (violin)
Sándor Zöldy (violin)
Georges Janzer (viola)
Paul Szabo (cello)
In 1978 Philipp Naegele replaced Sándor Zöldy, and Bruno Giuranna replaced Georges Janzer.
Origins
Sándor Végh, a pupil of Jenő Hubay and Zoltán Kodály at Budapest Academy, led the Hungarian Quartet from its foundation in 1935 until 1937, when he ceded the first violin desk to Zoltán Székely, and went to the second in the place of Péter Szervánsky: Denes Koromzay was the viola and Vilmos Palotai the 'cello. Székely was a friend of Béla Bartók, and the group became rapidly known by giving the premiere performance of the Bartók 5th Quartet, which it studied with the composer. By 1938, the group had been heard in every major city of Western Europe. In 1940 Végh left to found his own quartet.
The Vegh Quartet was founded in Budapest and was based there during the War, but left Hungary in 1946 and settled in Paris. They won the Grand Prix at Geneva at its first international music festival 1946. The 1952 recording of the Beethoven quartets was made in Boston, Massachusetts. The personnel of the quartet remained the same for almost 40 years. Then, in 1978 the second violin and viola left the group. (The original violist, Georges Janzer, and his wife, cellist Eva Czako, went on to teach at the Indiana University School of Music, alongside Czako's childhood teacher, János Starker. The Janzers also made a number of recordings of chamber music with the legendary Belgian violinist Arthur Grumiaux.) They were both replaced, but after two more years the ensemble was disbanded.
In 1958, the Quartet completed an acclaimed tour of Southern Africa.
Recordings
Beethoven: Quartets, recorded 1952, Les Discophiles Français
Kodály – String Quartet No. 2, Op. 10, issued 1954. (Decca LP LXT2876: London LP LL-865)*
Smetana – String Quartet No. 1 in E flat, issued 1954. (Decca LP LXT2876: London LP LL-865)*
(*These reissued in a joint remastering by Dr John Duffy & Andrew Rose, October 2008, for Pristine Audio, PACM061. Personnel: Végh, Zöldy, Janzer, Szabo.)
Mozart – Quartets no 14 in G major K 387 'Spring': no 15 in D minor K 421 (417b): no 17 in Bb major K 458 'Hunt': no 18 in A major K 464: no 21 in D major K 575: no 23 in F major K 590. Studio recordings in Paris, 1951–1952, Les Discophiles Français. (Archipel 2-CD set)
Mozart – Adagio & Fugue in C minor K546. (Les Discophiles Français LP)
Brahms – Quartet no 1 op 51 no 1: Clarinet Quintet (with Antoine-Pierre de Bavier).
Brahms – Quartets no 2 in A minor op 51 no 2: no 3 in Bb major op 67, recorded 1954. (Decca Heritage CD 475 6155)
Bartók – 6 Quartets, recorded 1954–1956
Beethoven Quartets, complete in Stereo version, 1972-4. (Telefunken)
Bartók – 6 Quartets, recorded 1972 (Astrée)
Schubert – Quartet no 15 in G major D 887 (Op. posth. 161). (Orfeo CD)
External links
ProductID=651 at www.andante.com
A Biographical notice
Article on Sandor Vegh by Elizabeth Mortimer
Review of Bartok recordings
References
Musical groups established in 1940
Hungarian string quartets
Musical groups disestablished in 1980 |
This is a list of Time Team episodes from series 3.
Episode
Series 3
Episode # refers to the air date order. The Time Team Specials are aired in between regular episodes, but are omitted from this list. Regular contributors on Time Team include: Tony Robinson (presenter); archaeologists Mick Aston, Phil Harding, Carenza Lewis; Robin Bush (historian); Beric Morley (historic buildings); Victor Ambrus (illustrator); Stewart Ainsworth (landscape investigator); John Gater (geophysicist); Henry Chapman (surveyor).
References
External links
Time Team at Channel4.com
Time Team (Series 03)
1996 British television seasons |
The Sheffield Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based in Sheffield, England.
Founded in 1956, the orchestra plays a challenging repertoire including many works written in the last hundred years. The orchestra normally augments a season of four concerts with two events at New Year featuring Viennese classics amongst other lighter works.
After the departure of John Longstaff in 2011, SSO welcomed the acclaimed Australian conductor Dane Lame to the post of musical director who held the post for two years until being replaced by Juan Ortuno.
References
External links
Official site
British symphony orchestras
English orchestras
Musical groups established in 1956
Musical groups from Sheffield
1956 establishments in England |
This is a list of lists of serial killers.
List of serial killers by country
List of serial killers in Chile
List of serial killers in Colombia
List of Czech serial killers
List of French serial killers
List of German serial killers
List of Russian serial killers
List of serial killers in South Africa
List of serial killers in the United Kingdom
List of serial killers in the United States
List of serial killers by number of victims: Includes only killers active after 1900
List of serial killers before 1900
List of serial killers active in the 2020s
List of nicknames of serial killers
List of Soviet and post-Soviet serial killers nicknamed after Andrei Chikatilo |
David Adrian Smith (born 1968) is a British designer, glass embosser, gilder and signwriting artist based in Torquay, Devon (United Kingdom)
He started his own sign writing company in 1990 and after 13 years sold the business in 2003 to concentrate more on hand crafted lettering and glass gilding. His main techniques include water and oil gilding, verre églomisé, acid etching, brilliant cutting, French embossing, glue chipping, sand blasting, screen printing and sign writing. In recent years David Smith has also focused on traditional, ornamental hand drawn design. He teaches the craft of sign writing and reverse glass gilding all over the world. He was awarded an MBE for services to reverse glass ornamental artistry in the 2020 New Year Honours.
Early life
David Smith was born in 1968 in Stroud, Gloucestershire. He moved to Torquay in 1978. In 1984, with help from his father, he began a traditional 5 year apprenticeship at Harmony Signs in Paignton, learning glass embossing and sign writing.
Career
In 2012, Smith was hired by American singer songwriter John Mayer from Sony Music/Columbia Records to design an album cover for John Mayer's studio album Born and Raised. The cover was styled like a circa-1900 trade card. After completion, Mayer used the album-cover on the Ellen DeGeneres Show and the David Letterman Show. Besides the album cover, David Smith designed artwork for the single "Queen of California". He has also worked on posters and other merchandise associated with the album and single.
Also in 2012, David Smith was commissioned by Jameson Whiskey to design a St.Patrick's Jameson Whiskey bottle for the brand. The design, apart from being used on the limited edition bottle, was produced as a hand crafted mirror that can be seen at Jameson Experience, Midleton.
In 2013 Smith made gold leaf glass signs for the Burberry store in Regent Street in London. The Ginstitute on Portobello Road, London, has received ornate gilded advertising mirrors produced by Dave Smith. Later in 2013, the artist worked on an album cover for the band The Kings of Leon. The artwork was used for the single "Beautiful War" of their album "Mechanical Bull". Other notable commissions in the music industry include artwork for the Band The Grateful Dead (Typography and poster) Bernie Marsden's biography book cover (Whitesnake) Wheres My Guitar.
In 2015, Smith was invited to Disney World, Florida to talk and present to over 100 Disney Imagineers about his philosophy on design across Europe, as well as his Victorian style lettering he has become famous for. In 2015 Smith designed the bottle artwork for Booth's Gin.
In 2016, Smith made a commission for John Mayer and PRS Guitars to design a hand-signed sticker in the f-hole of a special Limited Edition run of Private Stock named the “Super Eagle” guitar.
In 2019, Smith hand designed the monograms for the Limited Edition guitars made for The Dropkick Murphys made by Duesenberg Guitars. In 2019 Smith created and designed the Album Cover for the Kris Barras Band. Light it Up.
Smith was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to reversed glass ornamental artistry.
References
External links
Official website
Crafting Booth’s Gin With David A Smith
1968 births
Living people
People from Stroud
English stained glass artists and manufacturers
English designers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Album-cover and concert-poster artists |
Predictions of apocalyptic events that would result in the extinction of humanity, a collapse of civilization, or the destruction of the planet have been made since at least the beginning of the Common Era. Most predictions are related to Abrahamic religions, often standing for or similar to the eschatological events described in their scriptures. Christian predictions typically refer to events like the rapture, the Great Tribulation, the Last Judgment, and the Second Coming of Christ. Many religious-related end-time events are predicted to occur within the lifetime of the person making the prediction, who often quote the Bible, and in particular the New Testament, as either the primary or exclusive source for the predictions. This often takes the form of mathematical calculations, such as trying to calculate the point where it will have been 6000 years since the supposed creation of the Earth by the Abrahamic God, which according to the Talmud marks the deadline for the Messiah to appear. Predictions of the end from natural events have also been theorised by various scientists and scientific groups. While these disasters are generally accepted within the scientific community as plausible "end of the world" scenarios, the events and phenomena are not expected to occur for hundreds of thousands or even billions of years from now.
Little research has been done into why people make apocalyptic predictions. Historically, it has been done for reasons such as diverting attention from actual crises like poverty and war, pushing political agendas, and promoting hatred of certain groups; antisemitism was a popular theme of Christian apocalyptic predictions in medieval times, while French and Lutheran depictions of the apocalypse were known to feature English and Catholic antagonists respectively. According to psychologists, possible explanations for why people believe in modern apocalyptic predictions include mentally reducing the actual danger in the world to a single and definable source, an innate human fascination with fear, personality traits of paranoia and powerlessness and a modern romanticism involved with end-times due to its portrayal in contemporary fiction. The prevalence of Abrahamic religions throughout modern history is said to have created a culture which encourages the embracement of a future that will be drastically different from the present. Such a culture is credited with the rise in popularity of predictions that are more secular in nature, such as the 2012 phenomenon, while maintaining the centuries-old theme that a powerful force will bring the end of humanity.
Polls conducted in 2012 across 20 countries found over 14% of people believe the world will end in their lifetime, with percentages ranging from 6% of people in France to 22% in the US and Turkey. Belief in the apocalypse is observed to be most prevalent in people with lower rates of education, lower household incomes, and those under the age of 35. In the UK in 2015, 23% of the general public believed the apocalypse was likely to occur in their lifetime, compared to 10% of experts from the Global Challenges Foundation. The general public believed the likeliest cause would be nuclear war, while experts thought it would be artificial intelligence. Only 3% of Britons thought the end would be caused by the Last Judgement, compared to 16% of Americans. Between one and three percent of people from both countries said the apocalypse would be caused by zombies or alien invasion.
Past predictions
First millennium CE
11th–15th centuries
16th century
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
21st century
Future predictions
21st century
22nd–23rd centuries
Far future predictions
See also
Apocalypticism
Doomsday cult
Extinction risk from climate change
List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
Predictions and claims for the Second Coming
Unfulfilled Christian religious predictions
References
Bibliography
External links
Apocalyptic predictions on ReligiousTolerance
Library of Date Setters of The End of the World: "Over 200 predictions and counting"
Apocalypticism
Future problems
Prophecy |
Gudaghe (गुडघे) is a small village in Dapoli Taluka of Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 687 residents in the village. Gudaghe's geographical area is approximately .
Geography
Gudaghe is a village which is located about 30.6 km from Dapoli. It has a consistent elevation from the coastal region to the hilly region. As part of the Western Ghats, the forests are evergreen, consisting mainly of tropical forest. Alphonso mangos, cashew Nuts, jack fruit & coconuts are grown commercially in this area. The place is subjected to different kind of weathers all around the year and so the flora and fauna are affected accordingly.
Main Spoken language is Marathi and most of the people belong to a single large family.
Major followed religion is Hinduism.
Education
The village has a very old school named Zilla Parishad Primary Marathi School Gudaghe. Mostly Students travel to Dapoli, Khed, Ratnagiri, Mumbai and Pune for Higher Education.
Sports
Cricket is a very popular game in the village of Gudaghe. In addition, Kho-Kho and Kabaddi are also played in sports especially at school level.
References
External links
Villages in Ratnagiri district |
Vernonia unicata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is endemic to Yemen. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
References
unicata
Endemic flora of Socotra
Vulnerable plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Earl of Minto
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = {{Collapsible list
|framestyle=border:none; padding:0;
|title= Blazon
|1= Quarterly:1st & 4th, counterquartered, I & IV, Argent a Hunting Horn Sable, stringed Gules, in the dexter chief point a Crescent Gules, on a Chief wavy Azure, three Mullets Argent (Murray of Melgund); II & III, Azure, a Chevron Argent, between three Fleurs-de-lis Or (Kynynmound of that Ilk); 2nd & 3rd, Gules, on a Bend engrailed Or, a Baton Azure, within a Bordure Vair (Elliot of Minto); overall a Chief Argent, charged with a Moor’s Head couped in profile proper (augmentation, being the arms of Corsica).
}}
| creation_date = 24 February 1813
| creation =
| monarch = The Prince Regent (acting on behalf of his father King George III)
| peerage = Peerage of the United Kingdom
| baronetage =
| first_holder = Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto
| last_holder =
| present_holder = Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto
| heir_apparent = Gilbert Francis Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, Viscount Melgund
| heir_presumptive =
| remainder_to =
| subsidiary_titles = Viscount Melgund Baron Minto Baronet ‘of Headshaw’
| status = Extant
| extinction_date =
| family_seat =
| former_seat =
| motto = Over the Crest: NON EGET ARCU (He needs not the bow) Below the shield: SUAVITER ET FORTITER (Mildly but firmly)
| footnotes =
}}
Earl of Minto, in the County of Roxburgh, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1813 for Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Baron Minto. The current earl is Gilbert Timothy George Lariston Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto (born 1953).
The family seat is Minto Park, near Hawick in the Scottish Borders. The original family seat, Minto Castle, was demolished some years ago after having been abandoned for some time.
History
The family descends from the politician and judge Gilbert Elliot, who served as a Lord of Session under the judicial title of Lord Minto. In 1700 he was created a baronet, of Minto in the County of Roxburgh, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. He was succeeded by his son, the second Baronet. He was also a prominent judge and politician and served as a Lord of Session (under the judicial title of Lord Minto) from 1726 to 1733, as a Lord of the Justiciary from 1733 to 1765 and as Lord Justice Clerk from 1763 to 1766. His eldest son, the third Baronet, was a politician and held ministerial office as a Lord of the Admiralty from 1756 to 1762 and as Treasurer of the Navy from 1767 to 1770. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the fourth Baronet. He was a noted diplomat, politician and colonial administrator and served as Governor-General of India from 1807 to 1813. In 1797 he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baron Minto, of Minto in the County of Roxburgh. In 1813 he was further honoured when he was made Viscount Melgund, of Melgund in the County of Forfar, and Earl of Minto, in the County of Roxburgh. The latter titles are in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. In 1797 Lord Minto assumed by Royal licence the additional surnames of Murray-Kynynmound after those of Elliot.
He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He was a diplomat and Whig politician and held office as First Lord of the Admiralty from 1835 to 1841 and as Lord Privy Seal from 1846 to 1852. Lord Minto was succeeded by his eldest son, the third Earl. He sat as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Hythe, Greenock and Clackmannanshire. On his death the titles passed to his son, the fourth Earl. He was a prominent colonial administrator and served as Governor General of Canada from 1898 to 1904 and as Viceroy of India from 1905 to 1910. the titles are held by his great-grandson (the titles having descended from father to son), the seventh Earl, who succeeded in 2005.
The family seat is Minto, near Hawick, Roxburghshire. In 1992 Minto House was listed as Category A, and largely demolished within weeks.
Elliot baronets, of Minto (1650–1797)
Sir Gilbert Elliot, 1st Baronet (c. 1650–1718)
Sir Gilbert Elliot, 2nd Baronet (c. 1693–1766)
Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet (1722–1777)
Sir Gilbert Elliot, 4th Baronet (1751–1814) (created Baron Minto in 1797)
Baron Minto (1797–1813)
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Baron Minto (1751–1814) (created Earl of Minto in 1813)
Earls of Minto (1813–present)
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto (1751–1814)
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto (1782–1859)
William Hugh Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 3rd Earl of Minto (1814–1891)
Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1845–1914)
Victor Gilbert Lariston Garnet Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 5th Earl of Minto (1891–1975)
Gilbert Edward George Lariston Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 6th Earl of Minto (1928–2005)
Gilbert Timothy George Lariston Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto (born 1953)
The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son Gilbert Francis Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, Viscount Melgund (born 1984).
Other family members
Numerous other members of the family have also gained distinction.
John Elliot, younger son of the second Baronet, was an admiral in the Royal Navy and also served as Commodore Governor of Newfoundland.
Andrew Elliot, another younger son of the second Baronet, was the last colonial governor of New York.
Jean Elliot, daughter of the second Baronet, was a poet and wrote one of the most famous versions of the Scottish folk tune The Flowers of the Forest.
Hugh Elliot, second son of the third Baronet, was a diplomat and colonial administrator and served as Governor of the Leeward Islands from 1808 to 1814. His son Sir Charles Elliot was an admiral in the Royal Navy and colonial administrator.
The Hon. Sir George Elliot, second son of the first Earl, was an admiral in the Royal Navy and also held political office under Lord Grey as First Secretary to the Admiralty from 1830 to 1834. He was the father of:
1) Sir George Augustus Elliot (1812–1901), an admiral in the Royal Navy, and
2) Sir Alexander James Hardy Elliot, a major-general in the army.
The Hon. John Edmund Elliot, third son of the first Earl, was a Member of Parliament. His grandson Charles Sinclair Elliot (1853–1915) was a captain in the Royal Navy.
The Hon. Sir Henry George Elliot, second son of the second Earl, was a noted diplomat and served as Ambassador to Austria from 1877 to 1884. His son Sir Francis Edmund Hugh Elliot (1851–1940) was also a diplomat and served as Minister to Greece.
Sir Charles Gilbert John Brydone Elliot (1818–1895), third son of the second Earl, was an Admiral of the Fleet.
The Hon. Arthur Ralph Douglas Elliot (known as Arthur Elliott), second son of the third Earl, was a Conservative politician and served as Financial Secretary to the Treasury in 1903.
The Hon. Hugh Frederick Hislop Elliot, third son of the third Earl, sat as Member of Parliament for Ayrshire North.
Notes
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1813
Lists of Scottish people |
Carel Benjamin van den Berg (12 February 1924 – 29 June 1971) was a Dutch chess International Master (IM) (1963).
Biography
Carel van den Berg spent his childhood in Leiden, where he also attended the Stedelijk Gymnasium. Van den Berg studied in Delft University between 1942 and 1944, after the Second World War briefly in Amsterdam and then philosophy in University of Groningen.
Carel van den Berg was a well-known tournament chess player and international chess master (1963). He won Dutch Correspondence Chess Championship in 1943 and won the Daniël Noteboom memorial tournaments four times: in 1948, 1953, 1954 and 1959. Carel van den Berg was also a chess theorist and edited Losbladige Schaakberichten. He collaborated with Max Euwe in Candidates Tournament (Zürich, 1953) and on the books Theorie der Schaakopeningen series.
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the Chess Olympiad:
In 1958, at fourth board in the 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+2, =5, -4).
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the European Team Chess Championship:
In 1965, at third board in the 3rd European Team Chess Championship in Hamburg (+1, =2, -5).
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the European Team Chess Championship preliminaries:
In 1957, at eighth board in the 1st European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+1, =0, -1),
In 1965, at sixth board in the 3rd European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+1, =1, -0).
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the Clare Benedict Chess Cups:
In 1956, at fourth board in the 3rd Clare Benedict Chess Cu in Lenzerheide (+2, =2, -1) and won team silver and individual gold medals,
In 1957, at third board in the 4th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in Bern (+2, =1, -2) and won team silver medal,
In 1958, at fourth board in the 5th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in Neuchâtel (+0, =3, -1),
In 1963, at second board in the 10th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in Lucerne (+1, =4, -0) and won team silver medal,
In 1965, at third board in the 12th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in West Berlin (+1, =3, -1) and won team bronze medal.
References
External links
Carel van den Berg chess games at 365chess.com
1924 births
1971 deaths
Sportspeople from Rotterdam
Dutch chess players
Dutch journalists
Chess International Masters
Chess Olympiad competitors
20th-century chess players |
Qualitative marketing research involves a natural or observational examination of the philosophies that govern consumer behavior. The direction and framework of the research is often revised as new information is gained, allowing the researcher to evaluate issues and subjects in an in-depth manner. The quality of the research produced is heavily dependent on the skills of the researcher and is influenced by researcher bias.
Data collection
Qualitative marketing researchers collect data ranging from focus group, case study, participation observation, innovation game and in-depth interviews.
Focus group
The focus group is marketing research technique for qualitative data that involves a small group of people (6–10) that share a common set characteristics (demographics, attitudes, etc.) and participate in a discussion of predetermined topics led by a moderator. There are opportunities to conduct focus groups with the use of focus group software. There are many types of focus group as well, but they always involve discussion among the group(s). The problem of the focus group is the issue of observer dependency: the results obtained are influenced by the researcher or his own reading of the group's discussion, raising questions of validity. Non-verbal cues, which may contradict the views participants articulate, are important and can easily be missed if the researcher is not familiar with visual cues, body language and other non verbal cues.
Qualitative case study
Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts. Because it only studies one case, so it is very up-close, in-depth. It contains high levels of internal validity (the extent to which one is able to say that no other variables except the one being studied caused the result), but the external validity is low. Customer behaviour is a good example for qualitative market research.
Participation observation
Participation observation is watching participants' behavior in real world settings without trying to manipulate their actions. This method is high in external validity but low in internal validity.
Innovation game
Innovation game refers to a form of primary market research developed by Luke Hohmann where customers play a set of directed games as a means of generating feedback about a product or service. A facilitator explains the game(s) to be played and controls the paces, monitors the participants' levels and manages the time. There are many types of innovation games, such as 20/20 vision, me and my shadow, and buy a feature.
In-depth interviews
In-depth interviews, also called IDIs, have been an integral component of market research since its inception in the 1920s. This method is useful when you want detailed information about a person’s thoughts and behaviors or want to explore new issues in depth. One can get unique points from each respondent, and their answers will not be influenced by other people as in a focus group. In-depth interviews are typically held one-on-one between the respondent and the interview via a telephone, conducted in person, by email, or through an online platform (increasingly common).
The primary advantage of in-depth interviews is the amount of detailed information provided as compared to other data collection methods, such as surveys. Another advantage is reaching respondents that are geographically dispersed, which cannot occur in a focus group. This method is often used to refine future research or provide context to future studies. The primary disadvantage of in-depth interviews is the time to conduct, transcribe, and analyze. As such, this method could have higher costs associated with it than other methods.
Uses
Qualitative market research is often part of survey methodology, including telephone surveys and consumer satisfaction surveys. We apply the qualitative market research when:
New product idea generation and development
Investigating current or potential product/service/brand positioning and marketing strategy
Strengths and weaknesses of products/brands
Understanding dynamics of purchase decision dynamics
Studying reactions to advertising and public relations campaigns, other marketing communications, graphic identity/branding, package design, etc.
Exploring market segments, such as demographic and customer groups
Assessing the usability of websites or other interactive products or services
Understanding perceptions of a company, brand, category and product
Differences between consumer and B2B qualitative research
Qualitative research is used in both consumer research and business-to-business (B2B) research. However, qualitative research methods are used depending on whether consumers or business decision-makers are being inter-viewed. In consumer research, a range of qualitative methods are used, particularly in-depth interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observation.
In B2B research, focus groups and ethnographic observation are used far less frequently due to the nature of business decision-makers, and in-depth interviews are most frequently used in B2B research:
Time-poor business decision-makers often don’t have time to attend in-person focus groups, or for observation techniques that require a lot of time to set-up.
Many B2B decision-makers work within offices that have strict security/privacy regulations. Also, many are par-ticipating in the research in their own time, and don’t necessarily want colleagues to know they are taking part in the study. As a result, face-to-face techniques which require interviewers to attend their offices (e.g., face-to-face interviews or observation) are often not realistic.
The target audience for a study is often small and spread across multiple locations – getting respondents in one place for a face-to-face focus group can often be unrealistic.
Decision-makers can often be unwilling to share confidential information in front of potential competitors, so group activities that require multiple people from the same sector don’t work.
Typical general procedure
Setting the question
Deciding the objectives
Planning research design
Select data collection techniques
Sample design
Data collection
Analysis
Do the report
Advantages
More detailed and in-depth questions
Reduced cost, since the scale of this kind of research is small
Discovering the "why" behind certain behaviors
Quick turnaround: the direction of the research can be changed easily
Disadvantages
Issues on confidentiality and anonymity can pose problems during presentation of findings.
If researcher does not have enough skills such as communication skill, the quality of research is likely to be low.
The sample size is relatively small, the result may not be very accurate.
Qualitative research produces large amounts of data which requires a tremendous amount of work and labor on the part of the researcher.
Vs. quantitative marketing research
Objective
Qualitative research is usually aimed to have an inside look about opinions or motivations, while quantitative research uses data to simplify the result.
Sample
Qualitative research usually has a smaller sample size than quantitative research due to the complexity of its data.
Data collection
Qualitative research usually uses unstructured or semi-structured techniques to collect data, e.g. in-depth interviews or group discussions, while quantitative research only uses structured techniques such as online questionnaires, on-street or telephone interviews.
Outcome
The outcomes of qualitative marketing research are usually not conclusive and cannot be used to make generalizations about the population of interest, instead developing an initial understanding and sound base for further decision making. The findings of quantitative marketing research are conclusive and usually descriptive in nature.
Data analysis
Coding
Coding is an interpretive technique that both organizes the data and provides a means to introduce the interpretations of it into certain quantitative methods.
Cross Tabulation
Cross tabulation divides raw data into subgroups, showing how each dependent variable changes when represented in each subgroup. This is typically the most used data analysis tool due to its ability to clarify how data variables relate to each other.
See also
Focus group
Innovation game
Online panel
Qualitative data analysis
Qualitative psychological research
References
Business intelligence terms
. |
"" (O most holy) is a Roman Catholic hymn in Latin, seeking the prayers of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and often sung in various languages on her feast days. The earliest known publication was from London in 1792, presenting it as a traditional song from Sicily; but no original source or date has been confirmed for the simple melody or the poetic text. The tune is often called "Sicilian Mariners Hymn" or similar titles, referring to the seafarers' nightly invocation of Mary as their maternal protector: Our Lady, Star of the Sea. The tune has been notably reused for the German Christmas carol "O du fröhliche" (O, how joyful) and the English recessional hymn "Lord, Dismiss Us With Thy Blessing", and appears to have been adapted as the first half of the American civil rights anthem "We Shall Overcome".
Similar Latin lyrics have been set to entirely different tunes since the 1500s, by notable composers and arrangers including Leonhard Kleber (probably editing another composer), Louis-Nicolas Clérambault, E.T.A. Hoffmann, Antonín Dvořák, and Fritz Kreisler (using a melody of Arcangelo Corelli).
Latin lyric and English translation
Below is a common version of the text; many other versions exist.
The first lines of the Latin text are similar to the final line of the 12th-century prayer Salve Regina: "O clemens, O pia, O dulcis Virgo Maria." An 1820 book claims, without verification, that these words were already engraved at Speyer Cathedral at the time of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153). A 1612 book also associates the saint and the cathedral with these words, without claiming they were already engraved there during his lifetime.
Widening circulation
"O sanctissima" was published as "The Prayer of the Sicilian Mariners", with text and music for voice and harp, in Edward Jones's Miscellaneous Collection of French and Italian Ariettas. His undated publication is sometimes estimated as 1785, but his cited position as Bard to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales did not begin until "about 1790". The hymn was published anonymously by European Magazine in 1792 and then by an American magazine in 1794. By the early 1800s, "O sanctissima" was spreading widely in multiple languages. J.G. Herder included the song posthumously in his prominent book of traditional folksongs (, 1807), while Haydn (Hob. XXIIIc:F2) and Beethoven (WoO 157:4) each wrote choral arrangements of the Latin hymn. A German-language version ("O du fröhliche", c.1816) became a well-known Christmas carol, with original lyrics by J.D. Falk referring not to the Blessed Virgin Mary, but rather to Jesus himself and his day of birth. In English:
O, how joyfully; O, how merrily
Christmas comes with its grace divine.
Grace again is beaming; Christ the world redeeming.
Hail, ye Christians, hail the joyous Christmas time!
Or, in another English-language rendition:
O thou happy, O thou holy,
Glorious peace bringing Christmas time.
Angel throngs to meet thee; on Thy birth we greet Thee:
Hail to Christ, the Son of God, our newborn king!
In the 20th century, a group of textual variants commonly known as "O Thou Joyful" became popular in the United States. Although most of these texts are anonymous, one has been attributed to William Glass.
By 1835, the tune (with its first half repeated) also came to be used for the English recessional hymn "Lord, Dismiss Us With Thy Blessing", and by 1945 it appears to have influenced the melody of the American civil rights anthem "We Shall Overcome", with a close match between the chantlike first half of both tunes.
References
External links
, The Cathedral Singers, Richard Proulx
Christmas carols
Hymn tunes
Italian Christian hymns
Christian hymns in Latin
Marian hymns
Music of Sicily |
Amir Abedzadeh (; born 26 April 1993), known as Amir, is an Iranian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga Portugal 2 club Marítimo and the Iranian national team.
Club career
Youth teams
Abedzadeh was a member of the Persepolis Youth Academy from 2006 to 2007, having previously trained under his father since he was 7. He moved to the United Kingdom at the age of 15, and after spending two months with the third-tier outfit of Brentford and taking part in a trial with Arsenal, he joined Tottenham Hotspur's academy team in 2009. Abezadeh left Tottenham in the same year, following their signing of Italian goalkeeper Mirko Ranieri.
During his time in the UK, Abedzadeh also played for amateur youth teams Dinamo Dorigo, London Tigers, and Persian FC, the latter of the G.E. Roberts Enfield Football Alliance League.
United States
Abedzadeh was unable to obtain a work permit in UK and after briefly returning to Iran and training with Iran Pro League side Steel Azin, where his father was a coach, to keep himself on form, he moved to the United States in 2011, and signed for the Los Angeles Blues in the USL Championship, where his father was an assistant coach. He made his debut on 7 June 2011, playing for Los Angeles Blues U-23 (LA Blues' reserve team) in a USL Premier Development League game against Orange County Blue Star. He made eight saves but conceded five goals, and was also shown a yellow card.
In 2012, he had the option to join Chivas USA of Major League Soccer, but he decided to extend his contract with the Blues.
Persepolis
Abedzadeh signed a three-year contract with Persepolis on 15 July 2012. He played for Persepolis U21 in AFC Vision Asia U-21 Tehran Premier League. He scored a goal for Persepolis U21 in game with Niroye Zamini U21. Abedzadeh left the Persepolis in 2014 and without playing a single game for the club.
Rah Ahan
On 3 July 2014, Abedzadeh joined Rah Ahan with signing a four-year contract. He worked under the supervision of his father, Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh who also worked at Rah Ahan as goalkeeping coach. He played his first professional match on 19 September 2014 against his former team Persepolis, where he came in as a substitute of injured Igor Nenezić in 34th minute. He was released by Rah Ahan at the end of the 2014–15 season.
Marítimo
Abedzadeh signed with Portuguese Primeira Liga club Marítimo on 23 January 2017 after good performances with Barreirense in the Campeonato de Portugal. He became the second Iranian goalkeeper to sign for the club after Alireza Haghighi who played for the club in 2016. He made his first appearance in September 2017 in a Portuguese League Cup match.
He made his Taça de Portugal debut on 14 October 2017 in a third round match against União Torcatense. Abedzadeh kept a clean sheet and was named Man of the Match, as Marítimo won the match 1–0.
Ponferradina
Abedzadeh joined SD Ponferradina on 7 July 2021 making him the first Iranian to play for the club.
Return to Marítimo
On 30 August 2023, Marítimo, who had been relegated to the Liga Portugal 2 the previous season, announced the signing of Abedzadeh.
International career
Abedzadeh was once called up to Iran national under-17 football team's camp for 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Kish Island, but never invited again.
About his playing probability in Iran national under-23 football team, Abedzadeh said:
"Again, they told me that they wanted to take the players who have been together for a long time and know each other well... They also explained that if we should qualify, they are going to call in and examine new players . So hopefully they can beat Iraq and qualify for the Olympics, and hopefully I'll get my chance then. I think the problem is that I was in England for the past four years and that they weren't able to watch me play as much as the local players. That has been pretty disappointing for me."
Abedzadeh was part of Iran's team for in 2014 AFC U-22 Championship, but he did not play any match. In 2015, he was invited to Olympic team for 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualification.
Senior
On 5 November 2017, Abedzadeh was called into the Iran national team for the first time for friendlies against Panama and Venezuela. In June 2018, he was named in Iran's final squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.
He made his debut against Uzbekistan on 19 May 2018.
Personal life
He is the son of former Iranian national team legendary goalkeeper Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh.
Career statistics
Club
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 23 September 2022 .
Honours
Persepolis
Iran Pro League: runner-up 2013–14
Hazfi Cup: runner-up 2012–13
Iran U-23
WAFF U-23 Championship: 2015
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Tehran
Iranian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Orange County SC players
OC Pateadores Blues players
Persepolis F.C. players
Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players
F.C. Barreirense players
C.S. Marítimo players
SD Ponferradina players
USL League Two players
USL Championship players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Campeonato de Portugal (league) players
Primeira Liga players
Segunda División players
Iran men's international footballers
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Iranian expatriate men's footballers
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain |
Cannabis in Réunion is illegal, but is grown illicitly and is locally known as zamal. It is used both recreationally and ritually.
History
It is not known when cannabis, locally referred to as zamal, was introduced to Réunion, although it was likely brought in by slaves from nearby Madagascar. Inspired by the prevalence of cannabis in Indian traditions and in the tradition of the French, some Réunion poets and writers openly praised cannabis. Cannabis usage began to pick up in the 1950s especially in the more developed parts of the country and among the youth. However, law enforcement then was lax, as authorities did not view cannabis as a "social menace".
Cultivation and consumption
The climate of Réunion is particularly suitable for the cultivation of cannabis. Cannabis cigarettes are smoked by both the Malagasy people and Indian priests in Réunion for ritualistic reasons. Cannabis is also cultivated by the locals to ward off pests and, less commonly, treat fever by boiling its roots and leaves. In recent years, the recreational use of cannabis among the youth is no longer as prevalent as compared to that of other drugs like cocaine and MDMA.
Legality
Cannabis in Réunion is illegal. Under the Code of Public Health, individuals found guilty of trafficking cannabis face a fine of up to 75,000 euros and a five-year prison sentence, whereas the possession and intent to sell cannabis is punishable by a ten-year prison sentence and a fine of 500,000 euros. Cannabis users face up to 3,750 euros in fines and one year in prison.
In popular culture
In 1951, Réunion poet Jean Albany released his first anthology of poems titled Zamal, which was described by Peter France in The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French as "breaking out with a long-standing tradition of exoticism and out-moded Parnassianism in the literature of Réunion".
References
Reunion
Réunion |
Scotus College was a seminary in Bearsden, Glasgow. It was founded in 1985 under the name of Chesters College and in 1993 was reconstituted as Scotus College. It was then the only remaining Roman Catholic seminary in Scotland.
Its closure was announced in April 2009.
History
St Peter's College, Newlands
In February 1980, the Archdiocese of Glasgow transferred its seminary from St Peter's Seminary, Cardross, because of maintenance difficulties, to the site of a former convent of the Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception in Newlands, Glasgow. It was also the site of the St Mungo centre, an ecumenical organisation. St Peter's College, Newlands remained there for four years, until November 1984 when it was closed and the students transferred to Bearsden. The old convent was renamed Merrylee House and later demolished to make space for a housing development. In 1997, further construction work was carried out on the site when additions and alterations were made to the chapel.
Chesters College
The building dates from 1955. The college site was purchased by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Glasgow in 1984 and opened in 1985 under the name of Chesters College. With the closure of Blairs College in 1986, it was to train men for the priesthood from all of the Scottish dioceses, except the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh.
National Seminary
On 4 October 1993 it reopened as a seminary, or training college for the priesthood for all the dioceses, under the patronage of the Blessed John Duns Scotus, a philosopher-theologian of the High Middle Ages. In that role it replaced Gillis College, the seminary of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh, which closed as Scotus College was opening, making the college at Bearsden the National Seminary for Scotland. Thanks to its dedication, the college took the new name of "Scotus College". Scotus College was affiliated to Maynooth Pontifical University who accredited Diplomas and Degrees for Scotus College.
Closure
In November 2002, a provisional decision was made to close the seminary by the Bishops' Conference of Scotland, but this was reversed shortly afterwards. In April 2009, it was announced that the college, the last Roman Catholic seminary in Scotland, would close because of a lack of students studying for the priesthood. The remaining nine students were transferred to The Pontifical Scots College in Rome.
Present
The college site was put up for sale in 2009. In 2012, applications to demolish the buildings and build 28 homes on the site failed because it is in a conservation area. In August 2013, Westpoint Homes, a Glasgow building company, finished converting the site into housing. The chapel was demolished and replaced with apartments.
References
Catholic seminaries in Scotland
Education in Glasgow
Christianity in Glasgow |
Chuwar may refer to:
Chuwar, Queensland, Australia
Chavar, Iran |
Carola Scarpa (August 24, 1971, São Paulo February 25, 2011), born Ana Carolina Rorato de Oliveira in São Paulo, was a Brazilian actress and socialite.
She was married to Brazilian playboy . She lived in the U.S. and had an affair with the mobster John A. Gotti in New York City.
References
1971 births
2011 deaths
20th-century Brazilian people
Brazilian socialites
Brazilian expatriates in the United States
Actresses from São Paulo
Deaths from diabetes |
Gerold Meyer von Knonau (2 March 1804 - 1 November 1858) was a Swiss geographer and historian whose most enduring contribution to scholarship may well have been his pioneering work between 1837 and 1858 as cantonal archivist for Zürich and the surrounding region.
He is often confused, wrongly, with his eponymous son, who was also a Swiss historian: Gerold Meyer von Knonau, the son, was a prolific contributor to the widely respected Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (multi-volume biographical dictionary).
Life
Gerold Meyer von Knonau was born and grew up, like his father before him, in Zürich. He was the elder of his parents' two recorded sons. There were also two sisters. Ludwig Meyer von Knonau (1769–1841), his father, was a leading politician who, like his son and grandson, had himself acquired a measure of notability as an historian. The Meyer von Knonau family had been part of (or close to) the Zürich oligarchy since at least as far back as 1363. Regula Lavater-Meyer (1773–1834), Gerold's mother, came from a long line of notable Zürich philosophers and physicians. Her father, Johann Jakob Lavater (1750–1807), was a hospital worker and a city judge.
He received his schooling in Zürich and then, in 1824, moved with his brilliant but shy younger brother Konrad to Berlin in order to complete a broadly based programme of study that included civic administration and Jurisprudence. His time in Berlin brought him into contact with German scholars and also enabled him to progress his interest in Geography. One of those whom he met in Berlin in connection with his Geography studies was Carl Ritter. The two men became lifelong friends. From Berlin he moved west, probably during 1826, to France, where he met the francophile philosopher Philipp Albert Stapfer, with whom he subsequently corresponded. Following a lengthy stay, he returned home to Zürich in 1827.
Between 1827 and 1837 he worked in an administrative capacity for the city administration. His work in local government left him with time and energy for various forms of charitable work and to sustain a parallel career as a researcher. He produced a couple of popular-scholarly books during this period, reflecting his interests in Swiss history and geography, and with at least half an eye on the schools market. Within the Swiss intellectual élite he became increasingly well networked as a side-effect of his research work, notably with the polymath statistician-politician Stefano Franscini, with whom he would later collaborate on at least one statistical project.
Gerold Meyer von Knonau married the pharmacist's daughter, Emmerentiana Cleopha Meyer (1817–71) in 1837. Emmerentiana is described as a highly intelligent and well-educated woman who was able to support her husband's work both during his life and after his relatively early death. The marriage was followed in 1843 by the birth of the couple's son, another scholarly historian called Gerold Meyer von Knonau.
After a lengthy trip abroad Gerold Meyer von Knonau fell ill with Typhus and died on 1 November 1858 at Zürich. His body was buried at the Privatfriedhof Hohe Promenade (cemetery), a couple of hundred meters from the lakeshore.
Work
Zürich's First Cantonal Archivist
In 1837 Meyer von Knonau accepted an appointment as the First Cantonal Archivist for the First Cantonal Archivist for the Canton of Zürich, a position he would retain until his death. He applied himself to making the accumulated records accessible, for the first time, to researchers. There was, in addition, an extensive programme of centralisation undertaken, with important separately held archival records being integrated into the main Cantonal Archive, starting in 1838 with the reginal church archives. These were followed in 1840 by the cantonal financial records. An important expansion came in 1848 when the foundation archives of the Grossmünster (main Protestant Church) were taken over. Through the 1840s various archives relating to the cantonal commercial directorate were added The Cantonal Archive underwent a further significant expansion in 1853 when all the school records of the "Karolinum" academy attached to the Grossmünster were incorporated, together with land records and registers dating back to the middle ages that had hitherto been kept in the Grossmünster Sacristy, and records of contracts and property deeds registered with the old "Stadtstaat" (loosely, city state), from the days before the French term "canton" came to be commonly applied. He also, in 1839, created the first listing of archival records, and in 1850 the first printed set of plans for the Cantonal Archive. These were quickly rendered obsolete by the pace of acquisitions, however.
Historian and geographer
The "Abriss der erdbeschreibung und stastskunde der Schweiz" ("Outline Description of the Earth and Geography of Switzerland") which Meyer von Knonau published in 1824 reappeared as a greatly expanded two volume work in 1838/39 as the slightly more punchily titled "Erdkunde der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaf" ("Geography of the Swiss confederation"). He also teamed up with the book dealer-publisher "Huber & Co" of St. Gallen to mastermind a plan for a "Comprehensive Description of Switzerland" and "In-depth Statistics", envisioned both as a reference source for students of Swiss Geography and as a travel guide. The intention was to provide "the most truthful guide to our homeland possible, both in terms of its present state and in terms of its former conditions".
There was also a succession of short biographical works, clearly targeting a wider audience. His 1835 biography of Anna Reinhart, wife to the influential Zürich reformation leader, Huldrych Zwingli, was and has probably remained the most widely read of these. It may be a reflection of the international interest in the subject of the biography that it was printed not in Switzerland but in Erlangen, a commercially dynamic city which had been well exceptionally networked internationally at least since as far back as 1685, after which it had become home to large numbers of Huguenots (i.e. Protestants). Also worth a mention is his 1833 volume "Heldinnen des Schweizerlands" ("Heroines of the Swiss lands"), a compilation of biographical essays by Meyer von Knonau which, unusually, incorporated a number of lithographic plate based illustrations, and which became popular among the reading classes of the time. In 1847 he published "Die Böcke, ein Beitrag zur zürcherischen Familien- und Sittengeschichte" (loosely, "Young bucks, a contribution to Zürich’s family and moral history"), intended for. and evidently of interest to, a narrower readership.
During his later years Meyer von Knonau was able to combine his duties as Cantonal Archivist with an ever more broadly based contribution to literature. He pursued and applied his interest in the rapidly evolving study of Statistics, and corresponded with fellow scholars internationally. He also participated in the philosophical and scientific developments closer to home. He undertook a major project for the "General Swiss Historical Research Society" ("Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Geschichte" - as it was known at that time) to produce four volumes of an "archives series". In his capacity of Cantonal Archivist, in 1859 he published an "Archive of Kappel Abbey", a very large formerly Cistercian Monastery near Zürich that had recently been acquired by the municipality and converted for use as an orphanage and related welfare and schooling purposes. There was also a book on the Res gestae according to the imperial records residing in Zürich from the centuries before 1400. For numismatists he marked the 1852 Swiss Coinage reforms with a "Verzeichniß der Schweizerischen Münzen von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart", a directory of Swiss coinage "from the earliest times to the present day". He expanded the Historical Atlas of Switzerland and oversaw contributions for the "Geschichtsfreund des historischen Vereins der fünf Orte" (loosely, "Friends of the Historical Association of the [five ancient Swiss] places". Towards the end of his life he accepted an offer from the federal (Swiss) government to publish the multi-volume archival collection "Sammlung der älteren eidgenössischen Abschiede", himself compiling the fifth volume, completed in 1856.
Historical-Geographical statistical portraits of Switzerland [by canton]
The "Historisch-geographisch-statistisches Gemälde der Schweiz" series, which Meyer von Knonau created and for many years managed, can be seen as his most important publishing venture. The volumes were described as a combination of "Housebook" and "Handbook" - reference works for the home. He himself authored the volumes on the Canton of Zürich which appeared in 1834 and the Canton of Schwyz.
In 1853 he got together with Salomon Vögelin to found the Zürcher Taschenbücher book publishing business.
Output (selection)
Abriß der Erdbeschreibung und Staatskunde der Schweiz. Zürich, 1824.
Heldinnen des Schweizerlands. Zürich, 1833.
Hist.-geogr.-statist. Gemälde der Schweiz, Bände Kanton Zürich und Kanton Schwyz. Zürich, 1834/35.
Züge aus dem Leben der Anna Reinhard, Gattin des schweizerischen Reformators Ulrich Zwingli. Erlangen, 1835.
Erdkunde der schweiz. Eidgenossenschaft. Zürich, 1838/1839.
Archiv, Bd. I–IV der Allgemeinen geschichtforschenden Gesellschaft der Schweiz. Zürich, 1840–1845.
Die Böcke, ein Beitrag zur zürcherischen Familien- und Sittengeschichte. Zürich, 1847.
Bibliothek der Schweizergeschichte, Edition von Gottl. Eman. v. Haller
Verzeichniß der Schweizerischen Münzen von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart
Edition der Älteren eidg. Abschiede, Band 8 bzw. Jahre 1778–1798. Zürich, 1852.
Zürcher. Volkssagen. Zürich, 1853.
Die Chronik im weissen Buche zu Sarnen. Zürich, 1857.
Notes
References
19th-century geographers
19th-century Swiss historians
Swiss archivists
Writers from Zürich
1804 births
1858 deaths
Swiss geographers |
Eupithecia appendiculata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1946. It is found in western North America, including Utah, Colorado, Idaho and California, as well as Baja California.
The wingspan is about 15 mm.
References
Moths described in 1946
appendiculata
Moths of North America |
Georgia Winkcup (born 9 May 1997) is an Australian athlete. She represented Australia in the women’s 3000m steeplechase at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Winkcup ran 13th in her Women's 3000m steeplechase heat but failed to qualify for the final.
Early years
Georgia Winkcup started athletics in the under 8's at the Cherrybrook Little Athletics, encouraged by her grandmother Betty Moore, a former world record holding athlete. Initially a distance runner, she started steeplechasing under her then coach Ross Forster. She won the Australian All Schools U18 2000m steeple. In 2016 she was a finalist in the 3000m steeple at the World Junior Championships.
Winkcup then studied Arts/Law and worked part-time as a paralegal.
Achievements
In 2016, Winkcup finished in 15th place in the final of the women's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2016 IAAF World U20 Championships held in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
She then competed in the women's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships held in Doha, Qatar.
In June, 2021 Winkcup resumed racing and in Queensland ran 9:57 and then clocked 9:39.27. Back in Sydney she ran two more races clocking 9:40.25 and 9:46.03 in wet conditions and qualified for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Australian female middle-distance runners
Australian female steeplechase runners
Place of birth missing (living people)
World Athletics Championships athletes for Australia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Australia
Universiade bronze medalists for Australia
Medalists at the 2021 Summer Universiade
Universiade bronze medalists in athletics (track and field) |
The 2013–14 Trabzonspor season was the club's 39th consecutive season in the Süper Lig.
Squad
Out on loan
Transfers
Summer
In:
Out:
Winter
In:
Out:
Competitions
Süper Lig
Results
League table
Turkish Cup
First stage
UEFA Europa League
Qualifying rounds
Group stage
Knockout phase
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
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|colspan="14"|Players away from the club on loan :
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|colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Trabzonspor no longer at the club:
|}
Goal scorers
Disciplinary Record
References
2013-14
Turkish football clubs 2013–14 season
2013–14 UEFA Europa League participants seasons |
Shohola Falls is a 2003 novel written by Michael Pearson. The novel imagines the true story of Thomas Blankenship, the young man that Mark Twain reputedly based the character of Huck Finn upon in his novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In Shohola Falls, Mark Twain is set as an important character, the fictional reality aligned to the historical one.
Michael Pearson (born 1949) is the author of five books—besides Shohola Falls, he has written four works of nonfiction: Imagined Places: Journeys into Literary America (a NY Times Notable Book of 1991), A Place That's Known: Essays (1994), John McPhee (1997), and Dreaming of Columbus: A Boyhood in the Bronx (1999).
For a decade – from 1997-2006 – he directed the MFA Program in Creative Writing at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. Now, he teaches nonfiction writing and American literature there.
2003 American novels
American historical novels |
Pristimantis luscombei is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is known from north-eastern Peru (Loreto, Amazonas, and Ucayali Regions), adjacent Amazonian Ecuador (Pastaza and Morona-Santiago Provinces), and from Acre state, Brazil. Some of the paratypes were later identified as belonging to another species, described in 2014 as Pristimantis miktos. At the same time, Pristimantis achuar was identified as synonym of Pristimantis luscombei.
Description
Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. There is a W-shaped, usually black dermal ridge in the scapular region. The dorsum is light to medium brown whereas the venter is immaculate yellowish white. The iris is bronze with black reticulation and with a reddish median stripe. Dorsal skin is smooth to finely shagreen. Pristimantis luscombei resembles Pristimantis kichwarum, but lacks the dark canthal stripe of the latter and has a blunter snout.
Habitat and conservation
Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests, mostly at elevations of but one record from above sea level. These nocturnal frogs are typically found on the leaves of herbaceous plants and bushes above the ground. It is probably locally threatened by habitat loss.
References
luscombei
Amphibians of Brazil
Amphibians of Ecuador
Amphibians of Peru
Amphibians described in 1995
Taxa named by William Edward Duellman
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
The Saint Gayane Church (; pronounced Surb Gayane yekeghetsi) is a 7th-century Armenian church in Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), the religious center of Armenia. It is located within walking distance from the Etchmiadzin Cathedral of 301. St. Gayane was built by Catholicos Ezra I in the year 630. Its design has remained unchanged despite partial renovations of the dome and some ceilings in 1652.
Gayane was the name of an abbess who was martyred with other nuns by Tiridates III of Armenia in the year 301, and subsequently made a saint of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
In 2000, Saint Gayane Church was listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites along with historical churches of Vagharshapat.
History
Saint Gayane Church sits on the site where the aforementioned saint was martyred during the time of the conversion of Armenia to Christianity in the year 301 AD. The fifth century Armenian historian Agathangelos wrote that the young and beautiful Hripsime, who at the time was a Christian nun in Rome, was to be forcefully married to the Roman emperor Diocletian. She and the abbess Gayane among other nuns fled the tyrant emperor and left to Armenia. The pagan Armenian King Trdat received a letter from Diocletian in which he described her beauty. Trdat discovered where the nuns were hiding, and fell in love with Hripsime and later Gayane. After her refusal of his advances, Hripsime was tortured and martyred at the location of Saint Hripsimé Church, while Gayane was tortured and martyred at this site where the church was later built. The remaining group of thirty-eight unnamed nuns were martyred at the location of Shoghakat Church. During the time that Hripsime was being tortured, Gayane told her to "be of good cheer, and stand firm" in her faith. King Trdat was to be later converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of the kingdom.
Architecture
Saint Gayane Church is a three-nave domed basilica with an octagonal drum resting on four internal pillars that divide the interior of the church into three naves. The middle sections of the side naves are elevated slightly over the corner ones and roofed with vaults across the building, forming a transversal nave. At the eastern wall of the church's interior is a semicircular apse with a rectangular chamber at either side. Three portals lead into the interior of the building. The main portal enters through the arched portico, while two side entries are located at the north and south walls.
The exterior of Saint Gayane differs from the interior in that it has a cruciform-plan gable roof with the drum and dome placed central to the main structure.
An airy, triple-arched portico was added to the western façade of the church in 1683 as the burial place for prominent Armenian clergymen. The gallery is made up of five distinct yet continuous bays, each being open and linked to the one adjacent. Its three central bays have vaulted ceilings and large arched openings that lead to the exterior courtyard. The two side bays are slightly lower in height and are vaulted as well. Each is surrounded by walls at three sides with small quatrefoil windows placed on the exterior walls. Frescos of clergymen adorn niches along the interior walls of the portico while saints are depicted on the fresco of the tympanum above the main door. Six-columned cupolas sit on the roof above the two end bays and may be seen from the exterior.
Burials
Arakel Davrizhetsi
Lusine Zakaryan
Daniel Bek-Pirumian
Gallery
See also
Vagharshapat
Etchmiadzin Cathedral
Saint Hripsimé Church
Zvartnots Cathedral
References
Bibliography
External links
Saint Gayane Church
Armenica.org: Church of S. Gayane
About Saint Gayane Church
7th-century churches in Armenia
Armenian Apostolic churches in Vagharshapat
Oriental Orthodox congregations established in the 7th century
World Heritage Sites in Armenia
Tourist attractions in Armavir Province
Churches completed in 630 |
The 2002–03 VfL Bochum season was the 65th season in club history.
Review and events
Matches
Legend
Bundesliga
DFB-Pokal
Squad
Squad and statistics
Squad, appearances and goals scored
Transfers
Summer
In:
Out:
Winter
In:
Out:
VfL Bochum II
Sources
External links
2002–03 VfL Bochum season at Weltfussball.de
2002–03 VfL Bochum season at kicker.de
2002–03 VfL Bochum season at Fussballdaten.de
Bochum
VfL Bochum seasons |
Nkiru "Kiki" Mordi is a Nigerian investigative journalist, filmmaker, writer and entrepreneur. She dropped out of school because she was harassed by a lecturer in her school. This ordeal was what led her to shoot the Sex for Grades video with the BBC Africa Eye. The documentary exposed the depth of sexual harassment among Nigerians and Ghanaian lecturers. In 2016, she won the award of Outstanding Radio Program Presenter (South-South) at the Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards.
Career
Kiki Mordi is a Nigerian investigative journalist and on-air personality. She is known for the 2019 BBC Africa Eye program Sex for Grades documentary that amplified the voices of victims of sexual assault in tertiary institutions in Nigeria and Ghana. In 2017, Mordi started an online petition to stop the extortion and exploitation of youths by the Nigeria policemen. She launched this petition after her ordeal with some Nigerian policemen who invaded her home, arrested her and boyfriend and accused them of being cultists and obstructing justice. In October 2019, Kiki Mordi and her team at the BBC Africa Eye released the 13-minute Sex for Grades documentary.
She also produced a documentary film Life at the Bay in Lagos, Nigeria. The film tells the story of the inhabitants of Tarkwa Bay and the survival and struggles of their women. The film was later selected by Real Time International Film Festival. It was also to show at the 2019 Africa International Film Festival. In 2020, she was listed as one of the Most Influential Young Africans alongside Alex Iwobi, Adekunle Gold, Falz, Adetola Nola, among others.
2019 Sex for Grades documentary
On 7 October 2019, Mordi and her team at the BBC Africa Eye released a 13-minute documentary exposing sexual harassment of students by lecturers in University of Lagos and University of Ghana. Dr. Boniface Igbeneghu of University of Lagos, Dr. Ransford Gyampo and Dr. Paul Kwame Butakor of University of Ghana were the lecturers implicated in a viral video that came with the exposé. Igbeneghu is a senior lecturer in the faculty of arts, University of Lagos and a pastor of the Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria. Gyampo is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Ghana and Butakor is a lecturer at the College of Education in the University of Ghana. Mordi, who was disguised as a 17-year-old admission seeker in the video, stated that it took she and her team nine months to complete the investigation. After the exposé, Gyampo threatened to sue the BBC. Due to the documentary, University of Lagos suspended Igbeneghu and Foursquare Gospel Church asked him to step down from the pulpit. A "Cold Room" caught in the video where lecturers sexually harass students was shut down by the University of Lagos. Nigerian musician, Adekunle Gold and wife, Simi, hailed Mordi for her Sex for Grades documentary. A former vice president of Nigeria, Atiku Abubakar and a former senate president of Nigeria, Bukola Saraki, called on the Nigerian government to take immediate action against sexual harassment in Nigerian universities. In an interview with Sahara Reporters, Mordi revealed that she has received subtle threats since concluding the investigation.
On 8 October 2019, Mordi and her team at the BBC Africa Eye released a full hour long documentary that featured more lecturers that are guilty of sexually harassing students and led to the suspension of Dr Samuel Oladipo, a lecturer at the Department of Economics, University of Lagos.
On 9 October 2019, the Nigerian senate heeded the call of Nigerians and re-introduced the anti-sexual harassment bill and was read on the floor of the senate.
On 9 July 2020, the Nigerian Senate passed the anti-sexual harassment bill, while proposing up to 14 years jail term for offenders.
Awards and nominations
See also
List of Nigerian media personalities
List of Nigerian human rights activists
References
External links
Kiki Mordi at FilmFreeway
Nigerian radio presenters
Nigerian women radio presenters
Nigerian documentary filmmakers
Igbo writers
Nigerian writers
Documentary film producers
Living people
Igbo radio personalities
Igbo television personalities
People from Rivers State
Nigerian journalists
Nigerian women journalists
Nigerian radio journalists
Nigerian investigative journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nigerian businesspeople
Nigerian women in business |
Gavrilovka () is an urban locality (a work settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the city of oblast significance of Dzerzhinsk in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located west of Nizhny Novgorod. Population:
References
Urban-type settlements in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Dzerzhinsk Urban Okrug
Former urban-type settlements of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast |
Jeffrey Manber is regarded as one of the pioneering commercial space entrepreneurs. As CEO of NanoRacks, from 2009, Manber has steered the growth of the first company to own and market its own hardware and services on board the International Space Station. Manber has been involved in several of the key breakthrough commercial space projects, principally those revolving around the commercialization of space assets as well as the integration of the Russian space industry into major space programs, including that of the International Space Station. Manber is believed to be the only American to be an official part of the Russian space corporation, RSC Energia, during their privatization period of the 1990s.
History
His early interest in space took the form of writing on microgravity business opportunities for publications such as The New York Times, McGraw-Hill, and Town & Country magazine, among others.
Reagan Administration and Russian cooperation
This work led him to be invited by the Reagan Administration to help establish the Office of Space Commerce within the U.S. Department of Commerce. In so doing, he became involved in the early efforts by the Soviet Union to privatize and commercialize that nation's space efforts. In 1988 he assisted in the first ever commercial contract between the brand-new Soviet space station Mir and a U.S. company, Boston-based Payload Systems. The highly controversial pharmaceutical research undertaken on this project showed that microgravity was not always conducive to industrial research, despite the claims of NASA at that time. He was invited to the Soviet Union in 1989 to witness the launch, and began working with the Russians and the international banking community to privatize post Soviet space assets.
Energia
In 1992, Manber became the managing director of Energia Ltd, which represented the Russian space company NPO Energia. His initial task was to help support the first contact between the U.S. space agency NASA and the Russian space program for use of the Soyuz TM crewed spacecraft as a lifeboat for the then-planned space station Freedom. His work with senior NASA officials Arnie Aldrich and Sam Keller helped open the door between the Russian space program and key U.S. aerospace firms, including Lockheed, Boeing and Rockwell Aerospace. His efforts to market the space station Mir played a role in bringing the Russian and American space industries together, ensuring greater safety for astronauts and continuity for the International Space Station project. The payoff in terms of safety took place when the Clinton Administration agreed to raise the orbital inclination of the U.S. space station to allow for flights from the Russian Soyuz and cargo ship Progress, which proved critical after each of the two groundings of the space shuttle program.
MirCorp
In 1999, Manber was asked by space entrepreneur Walt Anderson and RSC Energia to head MirCorp, which leased the aging space station Mir for two years. Though commercially unsuccessful, it proved the business model that a private company could lease a human space program and generate revenues in a non-traditional manner, as profiled in the documentary film, Orphans of Apollo
History was made in April 2000 when the world's first privately funded crewed mission to orbit was launched. Two cosmonauts, commander Sergei Zalyotin and Alexander Kalery traveled to the dormant space station Mir, opened it up and returned the station to normal life. During the more than 70-day mission, a number of critical firsts were achieved: the first commercially funded space walk, the first space mission without government funding, and the first space explorers to be paid fully by a private company.
Commercial record of MirCorp
MirCorp concluded a number of ground-breaking agreements. Jeffrey Manber signed Dennis Tito, the first space tourist to pay for his own ticket, to his launch contract. He also signed a contract with television producer Mark Burnett, who produced the Survivor reality television series, and with NBC, to develop a game show that would have sent the winner blasting off for a one-week stay on the Mir. However, due to extreme political pressure from NASA, the space station was de-orbited in March 2001 and MirCorp was shut down.
Later, Manber negotiated an agreement that allowed retailer Radio Shack to film the first commercial shot on the International Space Station, to be shown on American television, which featured a Russian Cosmonaut opening a Father's Day gift.
NanoRacks
Since 2009, Jeffrey Manber has been the CEO of NanoRacks, the first company to own and market its own hardware and services on board the International Space Station. At NanoRacks, Manber has overseen the deployment of over 300 payloads to the ISS, with 64 satellites deployed to low Earth orbit as of September 2015. The NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer became the first commercial platform to deploy satellites from the ISS in 2014.
Works
In addition to many published articles on space and foreign policy, Manber is the author of the 2009 book, Selling Peace: Inside the Soviet Conspiracy That Transformed the U.S. Space Program, which was published by Apogee Books. He is also the co-author of the 2005 book, Lincoln's Wrath: Fierce Mobs, Brilliant Scoundrels and a President's Mission to Destroy the Press, published by Sourcebooks, which tells the story of media censorship against anti-war newspapers during the time of Abraham Lincoln and the American Civil War.
Other activities
Manber also served as CEO of Yuzoz MSNBC.com, which generates random numbers from live astronomical events, such as solar flares, northern lights and solar winds, for a variety of commercial products.
See also
Orphans of Apollo, a 2008 documentary in which he appeared
References
External links
JeffreyManber.com
SellingPeace.com
Lincoln's Wrath - Amazon.com
NanoRacksllc.com
MirCorp.org
Living people
American businesspeople
Private spaceflight
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male writers |
The Fritz London Memorial Lectures at Duke University invites scientists who impinge at one or more points upon the various fields of physics and chemistry to which Fritz London contributed. The series is partially supported by an endowment fund established by John Bardeen "to perpetuate the memory of Fritz London, distinguished scientist and member of the Duke faculty from 1939 to the time of his death in 1954, and to promote research and understanding of Physics at Duke University and in the wider scientific community. "
List of lecturers
1956 Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim
1957 James Franck
1958 Hendrik Casimir
1959 Felix Bloch
1960 Cornelis J. Gorter
1962 Linus C. Pauling
1963 Peter J.W. Debye
1964 John Bardeen
1965 William M. Fairbank
1966 Chen Ning Yang
1968 Walter Thirring
1969 Eugene P. Wigner
1971 Lars Onsager
1972 Jesse Beams
1973 David Pines
1974 J. Robert Schrieffer
1975 Michael Fisher
1976 Hans Bethe
1977 Victor Weisskopf
1978 Philip W. Anderson
1981 Edward Teller
1982 Murray Gell-Mann
1984 John C. Wheatley
1984 John A. Wheeler
1985 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1986 Richard N. Zare
1987 Benjamin Widom
1988 K. Alex Müller
1989 William Klemperer
1990 Freeman Dyson
1991 Rudolph Marcus
1992 Heinrich Rohrer
1993 John C. Polanyi
1994
1995 Walter Kohn
1996 Russell J. Donnelly
1998 Robert C. Richardson
1999 Ahmed H. Zewail
2000 Wolfgang Ketterle
2001 Richard Smalley
2002 Harry Swinney
2003 Harry B. Gray: Electron Tunneling Through Proteins
2004 Myriam Sarachik: Metal-Insulator Transitions
2005 Charles M. Lieber: Nanotechnology: Emerging Opportunities in Electronics, Biology and Much More!
2006 Frank Wilczek: The Universe is a Strange Place
2007 John Hopfield: How do we Think so Fast? From Neurons to Brain Computations
2008 : Novel Ways of Studying Fluid Flows
2009 William H. Miller: Quantum effects in the dynamics of complex molecular systems
2010 Anthony James Leggett: Does the everyday world really obey quantum mechanics?
2011 Daan Frenkel:Van der Waals, Kamerlingh Onnes, and Phase Transitions: From Helium to Protein Crystal Nucleation
2012 Mildred Dresselhaus:The Wonders of Low-Dimensional Nanocarbons
2013 Judith Klinman:Moving through Barriers: Unlocking the Mysteries of How Enzymes Really Work
2014 David Weitz: Dripping, Jetting, Drops and Wetting: The Magic of Microfluidics
2015 Mark A. Ratner: "By Indirections find Directions Out: Electronic Motion in Non-periodic Molecular Solids"
2016 Sidney R. Nagel: "The Life and Death of a Drop"
2017 Emily A. Carter: "Quantum mechanical solutions for our energy future"
2018 Charles L. Kane: "Topological Phases of Matter"
2019 Josef Michl: "Porphene - a Heterocyclic Analog of Graphene"
References
London
Duke University
1956 establishments in North Carolina
Recurring events established in 1956 |
In nine-dimensional geometry, a nine-dimensional polytope or 9-polytope is a polytope contained by 8-polytope facets. Each 7-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 8-polytope facets.
A uniform 9-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 8-polytope facets.
Regular 9-polytopes
Regular 9-polytopes can be represented by the Schläfli symbol {p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w}, with w {p,q,r,s,t,u,v} 8-polytope facets around each peak.
There are exactly three such convex regular 9-polytopes:
{3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3} - 9-simplex
{4,3,3,3,3,3,3,3} - 9-cube
{3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4} - 9-orthoplex
There are no nonconvex regular 9-polytopes.
Euler characteristic
The topology of any given 9-polytope is defined by its Betti numbers and torsion coefficients.
The value of the Euler characteristic used to characterise polyhedra does not generalize usefully to higher dimensions, whatever their underlying topology. This inadequacy of the Euler characteristic to reliably distinguish between different topologies in higher dimensions led to the discovery of the more sophisticated Betti numbers.
Similarly, the notion of orientability of a polyhedron is insufficient to characterise the surface twistings of toroidal polytopes, and this led to the use of torsion coefficients.
Uniform 9-polytopes by fundamental Coxeter groups
Uniform 9-polytopes with reflective symmetry can be generated by these three Coxeter groups, represented by permutations of rings of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams:
Selected regular and uniform 9-polytopes from each family include:
Simplex family: A9 [38] -
271 uniform 9-polytopes as permutations of rings in the group diagram, including one regular:
{38} - 9-simplex or deca-9-tope or decayotton -
Hypercube/orthoplex family: B9 [4,38] -
511 uniform 9-polytopes as permutations of rings in the group diagram, including two regular ones:
{4,37} - 9-cube or enneract -
{37,4} - 9-orthoplex or enneacross -
Demihypercube D9 family: [36,1,1] -
383 uniform 9-polytope as permutations of rings in the group diagram, including:
{31,6,1} - 9-demicube or demienneract, 161 - ; also as h{4,38} .
{36,1,1} - 9-orthoplex, 611 -
The A9 family
The A9 family has symmetry of order 3628800 (10 factorial).
There are 256+16-1=271 forms based on all permutations of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams with one or more rings. These are all enumerated below. Bowers-style acronym names are given in parentheses for cross-referencing.
The B9 family
There are 511 forms based on all permutations of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams with one or more rings.
Eleven cases are shown below: Nine rectified forms and 2 truncations. Bowers-style acronym names are given in parentheses for cross-referencing. Bowers-style acronym names are given in parentheses for cross-referencing.
The D9 family
The D9 family has symmetry of order 92,897,280 (9 factorial × 28).
This family has 3×128−1=383 Wythoffian uniform polytopes, generated by marking one or more nodes of the D9 Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. Of these, 255 (2×128−1) are repeated from the B9 family and 128 are unique to this family, with the eight 1 or 2 ringed forms listed below. Bowers-style acronym names are given in parentheses for cross-referencing.
Regular and uniform honeycombs
There are five fundamental affine Coxeter groups that generate regular and uniform tessellations in 8-space:
Regular and uniform tessellations include:
45 uniquely ringed forms
8-simplex honeycomb: {3[9]}
271 uniquely ringed forms
Regular 8-cube honeycomb: {4,36,4},
: 383 uniquely ringed forms, 255 shared with , 128 new
8-demicube honeycomb: h{4,36,4} or {31,1,35,4}, or
, [31,1,34,31,1]: 155 unique ring permutations, and 15 are new, the first, , Coxeter called a quarter 8-cubic honeycomb, representing as q{4,36,4}, or qδ9.
511 forms
521 honeycomb:
251 honeycomb:
152 honeycomb:
Regular and uniform hyperbolic honeycombs
There are no compact hyperbolic Coxeter groups of rank 9, groups that can generate honeycombs with all finite facets, and a finite vertex figure. However, there are 4 paracompact hyperbolic Coxeter groups of rank 9, each generating uniform honeycombs in 8-space as permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams.
References
T. Gosset: On the Regular and Semi-Regular Figures in Space of n Dimensions, Messenger of Mathematics, Macmillan, 1900
A. Boole Stott: Geometrical deduction of semiregular from regular polytopes and space fillings, Verhandelingen of the Koninklijke academy van Wetenschappen width unit Amsterdam, Eerste Sectie 11,1, Amsterdam, 1910
H.S.M. Coxeter:
H.S.M. Coxeter, M.S. Longuet-Higgins und J.C.P. Miller: Uniform Polyhedra, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Londne, 1954
H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973
Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995,
(Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380–407, MR 2,10]
(Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591]
(Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, 1966
External links
Polytope names
Polytopes of Various Dimensions, Jonathan Bowers
Multi-dimensional Glossary
9-polytopes |
Bulbophyllum multiflorum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Madagascar.
References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
multiflorum
Orchids of Madagascar |
Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont (29 November 1422 – 10 July 1460) was a scion of a leading noble family from northern England during the fifteenth century. Described by one historian as "quarrelsome, violent and contemptuous of all authority", Egremont was involved in numerous riots and disturbances in the northern localities, and became a leading figure in the internecine Percy–Neville feud. When the Wars of the Roses began mid-decade, Egremont fought for the king on the Lancastrian side, being killed five years later at the Battle of Northampton.
Early years
His youth was rarely peaceful; at the age of twenty five he was part of a force that engaged the tenants of the Archbishop of York, John Kemp in a physical confrontation (possibly to the disapproval of his father and elder brother, Henry, Lord Poynings, although it is equally possible that he began a 'propaganda campaign' against Kemp at the same time) outside the village of Stamford Bridge. Following the skirmish with the men of Beverley, he was subsequently imprisoned at York Castle- the direct result, it has been suggested of the Archbishop manipulating the jury and County Sheriff, whilst getting his own tenants released instead. It is possible that the king's clear support for the Archbishop, notwithstanding their position as one of the region's greatest magnatial families, was influential in their decision to later feud with the Percies rather than take it to the king for arbitration.
Conflict in the north was not only over local rivalries; English relations with Scotland periodically descended into warfare throughout the Middle Ages, and the mid-fifteenth century was no exception. However, Egremont seems not to have been part of the campaign of October 1448, when his father the earl and his brother Lord Poyning's led an army of 6,000 men across the border only to be routed at the Battle of Sark; Poynings himself was captured, to be eventually ransomed by the Scots.
Lands and estates
Cockermouth, in Cumberland, held by Thomas Percy, was a traditional Percy Honour, as was that of Egremont; it is likely to have been due to his father's influence at court, as the earl of Northumberland was currently a Royal Councillor, and his connections with the king's chief minister Cardinal Beaufort that on 20 November 1449 he was made Lord Egremont by Letters Patent, drawing £10 per annum from the county revenues. This figure reflects the fact that Egremont was never to be a wealthy man; it has been calculated that the Percy Cumberland estates suffered a decline of 25% between 1416 and 1470. Equally diminishing to Egremont's income was the fact that the barony itself had been divided threeways through inheritances, and at least one-third of it- that of the Fitzwalter family- had been granted to the earl of Salisbury under a 40-year lease at the time of Thomas Percy's grant.
Percy-Neville feud
It is not certain exactly when the bad blood between the two families begun; A. J. Pollard has pointed out that they were cooperating together over parliamentary elections in 1449, and as late as 1453; the former husting was attended by Sir Thomas Percy shortly before his elevation to the peerage.
See also
Percy-Neville feud
Hundred Years' War
Wars of the roses
Footnotes
References
1422 births
1460 deaths
English military personnel killed in action
People of the Wars of the Roses
Thomas Percy, 01st Baron Egremont
Barons in the Peerage of England
Younger sons of earls |
George Leland Dyer (August 26, 1849 in Calais, Maine – April 2, 1914 in Winter Park, Florida) was an American naval commander and the Governor of U.S. territory of Guam. In 1870, he graduated from the United States Naval Academy with honors and began his career in the United States Navy. During his career, he commanded the (1898), the (1898–1901), the (1902–1903), and the (1903–1904).
From 1904–1905, he served as Governor of Guam.
In 1908, he was promoted to Commodore and retired that year.
Dyer was the brother of inventor Leonard Dyer and father of composer Susan Hart Dyer.
Authorship
Translated Practical Hints in Regard to West Indian Hurricanes from Spanish in 1885
Wrote The Use of Oil to Lessen the Dangerous Effect of Heavy Seas in 1886
Published an article in National Geographic magazine entitled Geography of the Sea in 1889.
Personal life
In 1875 Dyer married Susan Hart Palmer. They had three children, George, Susan (Daisy), and Dorothy. Dyer and his family lived in places including Guam and Winter Park, Florida.
On April 2, 1914, Dyer died in Winter Park, Florida.
References
Governors of Guam
United States Naval Academy alumni
People from Calais, Maine
Writers from Maine
1849 births
1914 deaths |
Ophir is the name of a locality in New South Wales, Australia in Cabonne Shire.
History and discovery
Ophir is located near the Macquarie River northeast of the city of Orange. Ophir is the place where gold was first discovered in New South Wales in 1851, leading to the Australian gold rushes. In popular literature it has been stated that William Tom Jr, John Lister and Edward Hargraves found payable gold in February 1851 at the Ophir gold diggings, located at the confluence of Summer Hill Creek and Lewis Ponds Creek ( ). Hargraves was awarded £10,500 (worth $1,125,434 in 2004 values) by the NSW Government.
William Tom's father (Parson Tom) suggested the name 'Ophir', after a region in the Old Testament noted for its fine gold.
There was a gold rush to the area in 1851 and 1852. The village of Ophir was laid out in 1851 by Major Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, its first lots were sold in 1852, and reef gold discovered in 1868 by Joseph Christopherson.
Although Hargraves was honoured and rewarded, it may have been William Tipple Smith mineralogist, who first discovered gold at what would be later named Ophir, in 1848. On 27 February 1852 William Tipple Smith wrote to geologist Sir Roderick Murchison in England saying the spot now called Ophir was the very spot where he had found nugget gold in 1848. Smith's claims and correspondence are exhaustively studied in a 1986 book "A Fool's Gold?" by Lynette Ramsay Silver, in the foreword of which geology Professor David Branagan of Sydney University concurs and states "It is good to see him deservedly remembered in the pages of this book". William Tipple Smith was one of the owners of the Fitzroy Iron Works at Mittagong and, during a visit in February 1849, Governor Charles Augustus Fitz Roy was presented with a steel knife "mounted with colonial gold".
Some remnants of old alluvial, reef, and deep lead mines, are located within the Ophir Reserve, which includes the former site of the town. The town's cemetery also remains. There is an obelisk that commemorates the discovery of payable gold, in 1851, giving credit to Edward Hargraves, John Lister, James Tom, and William Tom.
All that remains of William Tipple Smith is one small gold sample and a previously unmarked grave (number 4929, section 4, Rookwood Cemetery) that was only recently provided with a headstone recognising him as the discoverer of the first payable gold in Australia.
See also
Australian gold rushes
New South Wales gold rush
Edward Hargraves
Hargraves, New South Wales
Hargraves House
References
External links
Map of the Town of Ophir (Wellington County)
Ghost towns in New South Wales
Towns in New South Wales
Towns in the Central West (New South Wales)
Cabonne Council |
Casper may refer to:
People
Casper (given name)
Casper (surname)
Casper (Maya ruler) (422–487?), ruler of the Mayan city of Palenque
Tok Casper, first known king of Maya city-state Quiriguá in Guatemala, ruling beginning in 426
Caspar David Friedrich (born 1774), German Romantic painter
David Gray (snooker player) (born 1979), nicknamed Casper
Casper (rapper) (born 1982), German musician
DJ Casper (1965–2023), American musician
Places in the United States
Casper, Wyoming, a city
Casper Mountain, overlooking Casper, Wyoming
Entertainment
Casper Gutman, the primary antagonist of The Maltese Falcon
Casper the Friendly Ghost, a Paramount cartoon character owned by Harvey Comics
Casper the Friendly Ghost in film, a series of films based on the Harvey Comics character
Casper (film), a 1995 live-action film featuring Casper the Friendly Ghost
Casper: A Spirited Beginning, a direct-to-video prequel of the 1995 film
Casper Meets Wendy, a direct-to-video sequel to Casper: A Spirited Beginning
Casper's Haunted Christmas, a direct-to-video animated feature set in Christmas Time
Casper's Scare School, second direct-to-video animated film
Casper and the Spectrals, a 2009-2010 three issued comic book miniseries that revamped Casper the Friendly Ghost
Casper (video game), a series of video games based on the 1995 film
"Casper" (song), by Takeoff
"The Day That Never Comes", a song by Metallica with the working title "Casper"
Casper, one of three parts of the biocomputer in the anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion
Science and technology
Casper (persistency), a file used for persistency in Linux
Casper, the Apollo Command/Service Module of the Apollo 16 spacecraft
Transportation
Hyundai Casper, a sport utility vehicle
Other uses
, a World War II frigate
Casper (admissions test), a medical school admissions test
Casper (cat) (c. 1997–2010), a cat famous for riding on buses
Casper College, Casper, Wyoming, US
Casper (skateboarding), a skateboarding trick
Casper Sleep, a mattress manufacturer
Casper's, a hot dog restaurant chain in Northern California
a line of Swedish boardgames published by Target Games
See also
Caspar (disambiguation)
CASPR, a human protein
Casspir, a South African armored personnel carrier
Gasper (disambiguation)
Kasper (disambiguation) |
Group B of the 2008 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II of the 2008 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the 2009 Group I.
Kazakhstan vs. Turkmenistan
Singapore vs. Sri Lanka
Kazakhstan vs. Sri Lanka
Singapore vs. Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan vs. Singapore
Turkmenistan vs. Sri Lanka
See also
Fed Cup structure
References
External links
Fed Cup website
2008 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone |
Franklin Bache ( – ) was an American physician, chemist, professor and writer from Pennsylvania. He taught chemistry at West Point Academy, the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Jefferson Medical College. He published several scientific textbooks including a pharmacopoeia with Dr. George B. Wood in 1830 that became the basis of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and U.S. Dispensatory. He was the first American to perform original research on the study of acupuncture for the treatment of pain.
He was the son of Benjamin Franklin Bache and great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin.
Early life and education
Bache was born on in Philadelphia to Benjamin Franklin Bache and Margaret Hartman Markoe. He was the great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1810, and began to study medicine under Dr. Benjamin Rush. He left medical school in 1813 and entered the United States Army as a surgeons mate in an infantry division during the War of 1812. He returned to school after the war and received his medical diploma from the University of Pennsylvania in 1814.
Career
He was commissioned a surgeon in the U.S. Army in 1814 and taught at West Point Academy. He resigned from the Army in 1816 and began the practice of medicine in Philadelphia. In 1821, he published the first American version of the Dictionary of Chemistry. In 1822, he succeeded Gerard Troost as professor of chemistry at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and became the chair of materia medica from 1831 to 1841. He was physician to the Walnut Street Prison from 1826 to 1832, professor of chemistry at the Franklin Institute from 1829 to 1836 and physician to the Eastern State Penitentiary. He served as professor of chemistry at Jefferson Medical College from 1841 until his death.
In 1819 he published a System of Chemistry for the Use of Students of Medicine. Along with Dr. George B. Wood, he prepared a pharmacopoeia in 1830 that was adopted by a national convention of physicians, and became the basis of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia and U. S. Dispensatory. He continued to refine and publish new versions of the pharmacopeia with Dr. Wood, from 1833 until his death. He published a Supplement to Henry's Chemistry (1823); Letters on Separate Confinement of Prisoners (1829-'30); and Introductory Lectures on Chemistry (1841-'52). He partnered with Dr. Robert Hare and edited the American version of Andrew Ure's Dictionary of Chemistry. From 1823 to 1832, he was one of the editors of the North American Medical and Surgical Journal and contributed significantly to other scientific journals. He prepared for publication a treatise by chemist James Cutbush titled A System of Pyrotechny, published after Cutbush's death.
Bache was the first American to perform original research on the study of acupuncture to relieve pain. While working at the state penitentiary, he treated 12 different prisoners with various ailments including muscular rheumatism, chronic pain, neuralgia and ophthalmia.
He was elected a member of the Franklin Institute in 1827. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1820 and served as president from 1854 to 1855. He served as vice-president of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and as president of the deaf and dumb asylum corporation.
Personal life
In 1818, Bache married Aglaé Dabadie. She died of consumption in May 1835. He was a Master Mason in the Franklin Lodge, No. 134 of the Free and Accepted Masons named after his great-grandfather.
Death and legacy
Bache died of typhoid fever on 19 March 1864 in Philadelphia and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery. A memoir of him was published and presented to the American Philosophical Society by Dr. George B. Wood in 1865.
Publications
A System of Chemistry for the Use of Students of Medicine, William Fry, Philadelphia, 1819
A Dictionary of Chemistry, on the Basis of Mr. Nicholson's; in which the Principles of the Science are Investigated Anew, and its Applications to the Phenomena of Nature, Medicine, Mineralogy, Agriculture, and Manufactures, Detailed, Robert Desilver, Philadelphia, 1821
Observations and Reflections on the Penitentiary System. A Letter from Franklin Bache, M.D. to Roberts Vaux, Jasper Harding, Philadelphia, 1829
Elements of Chemistry, Including the Recent Discoveries and Doctrines of the Science, John Grigg, Philadelphia, 1830
The Dispensatory of the United States of America, Grigg & Elliot, Philadelphia, 1839
An Obituary Notice of Thomas T. Hewson, M.D., Late President of the Philadelphia College of Physicians, W.F. Geddes, Philadelphia, 1850
Valedictory Address to the Graduates of Jefferson Medical College. Delivered at the Public Commencement, held March 15, 1859, Joseph M. Wilson, Philadelphia, 1859
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Franklin Bache papers at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Portrait of Dr. Franklin Bache at The Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery
Created via preloaddraft
1792 births
1864 deaths
19th-century American chemists
19th-century American physicians
Acupuncturists
American Freemasons
American surgeons
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Deaths from typhoid fever
Franklin family
Jefferson Medical College faculty
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Military personnel from Philadelphia
People from Pennsylvania in the War of 1812
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni
Physicians from Pennsylvania
United States Army Medical Corps officers
United States Army personnel of the War of 1812
United States Military Academy faculty
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of the Sciences faculty
Chemists from Pennsylvania |
Crinophtheiros comatulicola is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.
Distribution
This species occurs in the following locations:
European waters (ERMS scope)
Greek Exclusive Economic Zone
Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone
Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
Eulimidae
Gastropods described in 1875 |
Sid L Mokhtar is a town in Chichaoua Province, Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco. According to the 2004 census, it has a population of 11,138.
See also
Chichaoua
Imintanut
Sidi Zouine
References
Populated places in Chichaoua Province |
Morgan Geekie (born July 20, 1998) is a Canadian ice hockey centre currently playing for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Personal life
Geekie was born on July 20, 1998, Strathclair, Manitoba to parents Craig and Tobi. Geekie was born into an athletic family with his father and brothers all playing the same sport. His father played with the Brandon Wheat Kings and Spokane Chiefs before turning to coaching while his brother Noah played AAA hockey before switching to baseball. Likewise, his younger brother Conor currently plays for the Wenatchee Wild and was drafted in the first round, 11th overall, by the Arizona Coyotes in the 2022 NHL Entry Draft.
Playing career
Amateur
Growing up in Manitoba, Geekie played youth hockey with the Yellowhead Chiefs of the Manitoba U-18 'AAA' Hockey League (MMHL). In his rookie season, Geekie led the team with 53 points through 44 games and was subsequently named a Second Team All-Star in addition to Player of the Week, Rookie of the Week, and Offensive Player of the Month. Following his outstanding season, Geekie signed a contract with the Tri-City Americans of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He subsequently joined the Americans for their final regular-season game, where he scored the teams' only goal in an eventual 6–1 loss.
Geekie returned to the Yellowhead Chiefs for the majority of the 2014–15 season while also playing two games with the Neepawa Titans of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL). On January 8, 2015, Geekie was named a First-Team All-Star in the MMHL after he tallied 44 points in 29 games to lead the league in scoring. Geekie finished the season with new career-highs with 27 goals and 36 assists for 63 points through 44 games.
Major junior
Following another successful junior season, Geekie began his first full major junior campaign in the 2015–16 season. He had a strong rookie season where he scored 12 goals and 25 points through 66 games. However, he was passed over in his first year of draft eligibility and returned to the Americans for his sophomore season. Geekie exploded offensively in the 2016–17 season and tallied a career-best 90 points through 72 games. He subsequently earned a final ranking of 42 amongst North American skaters by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. When speaking of his success, Geekie pointed towards his increased confidence as a player being the major contributing factor. In June 2017, he was one of two players drafted by the Carolina Hurricanes in the third round of the 2017 NHL Entry Draft. Following the draft, he participated in the Hurricanes' Development Camp prior to the start of the 2017–18 season.
In his final junior hockey campaign, Geekie tallied 84 points in the regular season as he helped the Americans qualify for the Western Conference finals. Through 14 playoff games, Geekie scored 17 goals and 10 assists to finish sixth in playoff scoring. He also tallied four game-winning goals which were tied for first with Glenn Gawdin and Giorgio Estephan.
Professional
Following the American's elimination from the playoffs, Geekie signed an Amateur Tryout Agreement with the Hurricanes American Hockey League (AHL), the Charlotte Checkers, for the remainder of their regular season. On May 10, 2018, Geekie signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Carolina Hurricanes. After attending the Hurricanes' training camp, Geekie was re-assigned to the Checkers for the 2018–19 season. In his first full professional season, Geekie helped the team win their first Calder Cup during the 2019 Calder Cup playoffs.
On March 7, 2020, Geekie was called up to the Hurricanes and made his NHL debut the following day against the Pittsburgh Penguins. In his NHL debut, he recorded two goals and an assist in the 6–2 win. On March 10, 2020 Geekie scored his third goal on only the third shot of his NHL career.
On July 16, 2021, Geekie signed a one year contract extension to remain with the Hurricanes. However, a few days later, Geekie was selected from the Hurricanes at the 2021 NHL Expansion Draft by the Seattle Kraken. In the Kraken's inaugural season, Geekie established himself in a regular top-nine forward role, and responded in setting career highs with 7 goals and 15 assists for 22 points in 73 regular season games.
As a restricted free agent in the off-season, Geekie filed for arbitration before settling to a one-year, $1.4 million contract extension with the Kraken on July 24, 2022.
After the season, and with Geekie's contract expiring, the Kraken attempted to trade Geekie's restricted free-agent rights in part due to salary cap considerations, but when a deal could not be made, the team did not extend a qualifying offer to Geekie, allowing him to be released to unrestricted free agency. On July 1, 2023, the opening day of free agency, he signed a two-year, $4 million contract with the Boston Bruins.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
1998 births
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Carolina Hurricanes draft picks
Carolina Hurricanes players
Charlotte Checkers (2010–) players
Chicago Wolves players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Neepawa Natives players
Seattle Kraken players
Tri-City Americans players |
Bishop Pinkham Junior High School is a public junior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It has classes for grades 7 through 9, offering French, and English programs. Bishop Pinkham is located in the Lakeview community of Calgary. September 2017 was the last year that French grade 6 was offered at BP. As of September 2017, students leaving the elementary Spanish Bilingual program will enter middle school at AE Cross instead of Bishop Pinkham. At that point, Bishop Pinkham will only offer French and English to grades 7, 8, and 9.
The school is named after Bishop William Cyprian Pinkham who was the first Anglican bishop in Calgary.
School history
The school was founded in 1959 and was named after William Cyprian Pinkham who was a bishop in the city of Calgary. The school was classified as public. It features a late French immersion program, which starts in grade 7, as well as programs for continuing French immersion, and English students. French students take 4 subjects in French (math, social studies, science, and french language arts).
References
External links
Middle schools in Calgary
Educational institutions established in 1964
1964 establishments in Alberta |
Jharkhand State Electricity Board is a Government of Jharkhand enterprise, entrusted with the generation and distribution of electrical power in the state of Jharkhand, India. It suffers a loss of more than 1,000 crore (US$200mn) every year.
In 2011, it was revealed that in the last ten years, as much as 80 crores in outstanding dues to various units had been waived. For example, ex-Chief Minister Madhu Koda, in prison for graft since 2008, waived of a 10 crore bill from a company owned by fellow minister Vinod Sinha, who is also in jail on graft charges.
The official website for the boards is https://jbvnl.co.in/
Jharkhand State Electricity Board is presently known as Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited (JBVNL).
JBVNL Bill Will be Available at Home - Send Meter Photo in WhatsApp
Keeping this in mind, Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited is going to do a unique experiment for the first time for revenue collection. For this, separate WhatsApp numbers have been issued as per different power divisions. To avail of this service, the consumer will send a meter photograph and send it. After this the JBVNL Jharkhand bill will be received on WhatsApp itself. For this, the consumers will have to send the consumer number, kWh-meter reading and the meter's serial number. After reading the electricity meter, the JBVNL bijli bill will be sent to the consumer's WhatsApp number. Now, consumers will be able to make online or offline JBVNL Bill Payment.
JBVNL WhatsApp Customer Care Number:
Doranda, Hinoo, Birsa Chowk: 9431135623
HEC, Dhurwa: 9431135633
Tupudana, Hatia, Singhmod: 9431135632
RMCH, Morhabadi, Bariatu: 9431135602
Lalpur, Kantatoli, Karam Toli: 9431135626
Kokar, Namkum: 9431135627
Main Road, Hindpiri: 9431135624
Ashok Nagar, Pundag: 9431135646
Harmu, Kishoreganj: 9431135625
Upper Bazar, Court, Pahari: 9431135628
Kanke, Pithoriya: 9431135629
Tatisilway, Silli, Rampur: 9431135631
Bundu, Tamad: 9431135638
BIT, Ormanjhi, Booty More: 9431135676
Ratu Road, Piska Mor, Kamde: 9431135630
Mandar, Khalari, Bachra: 9431135635
Ratu, Itki, Bedo: 943113567
PEG: 9431135636
Torpa: 9431135637
Power Plants
Patratu Thermal Power Station. It an installed capacity of 840 MW. The generating units of the power plant are very old and is operating at around 10% PLF. The power plant is undergoing renovation.
Subernrekha Hydel Power Station, Sikidiri, a 130 MW (2x65 MW) hydel power plant.
See also
Patratu Super Thermal Power Project
Bihar State Electricity Board
References
External links
official website
Official website of Jharkhand Urja Utpadan Nigam Limited
State electricity agencies of India
Energy in Jharkhand
State agencies of Jharkhand
Electric-generation companies of India
Year of establishment missing |
is a mountain in Takarazuka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.
Outline
Mount Iwakura is a part of Setonaikai National Park. The mountain is a peak on the eastern ridge of the Rokko Mountains. It is said that the mountain received its name because of the stone shrine (Iwakura) on the top of the mountain.
Access
Takarazuka Station of the JR Fukuchiyama Line (JR Takarazuka Line)
Takarazuka Station of the Hankyu Takarazuka Line or the Hankyu Imazu Line
References
Shozo Tamaki, Rokkosan Hakubutsushi, Kobe Shimbun Shuppan Center
Official Home Page of Setonaikai National Park
Official Home Page of the Geographical Survey Institute in Japan
Iwakura |
The Baba 30 was the smallest craft in the range but very popular, with some 170 having been built. They were built as sturdy vessels suitable for making long offshore and ocean passages needing only a couple of people to crew the boat. Although capable of sleeping 5 people they are generally sailed by couples. Most of these boats can be found in NW America but are also spread all around the world's ports and anchorages.
History
In 1977 Bob Berg, founder of Flying Dutchman International, commissioned yacht designer Robert Perry to design a new small luxury cruising yacht for him. The result was the range of Babas. Production soon started in Taiwan in the yard of Ta Shing. This yard is still producing high quality motoryachts. The yachts were transported to Seattle in the US, the home of Bob Berg. Many of the Babas produced still reside in the Puget Sound area. It is believed that the name of the boat came from the way the Taiwanese workers pronounced Bob Berg's name, Ba-Ba, which also means "father" in Chinese.
Exterior
The Baba 30 is made of a solid GRP (glass reinforced plastic) hull moulded with plank lines to give the effect of a timber hull. Alternating layers of 1.5oz Mat and 24 ounce woven roving were used in the hull's construction, six layers of this were used on most of the hull but 10 - 12 layers were used around the keel. It has a full keel with a cutaway forefoot. The keel contains encapsulated iron ballast. It also has a long rudder with a cutaway for the propeller. The boat has a canoe shaped stern
The deck is cored fibreglass and is usually covered in extensive teak. The coachroof is treated the same.
The first Babas were supplied with wooden spars but many of the boats have since been upgraded to aluminium mast and boom. Early Babas had no lower shrouds, but these were soon added after a dismasting.
The rig is a traditional cutter style and a characteristic feature of many of Robert Perry's boats from this stable is a 4 ft laminated teak bowsprit which supports the forestay/headsail. A large platform sits on the bowsprit supporting two anchor rollers, a set-up typical on many long distance cruisers where two anchors are desirable in many exposed anchorages.
Most Babas are fitted with Edson or similar wheel steering systems, however a few tiller steered versions exist.
Interior
The interior of the Baba contains a lot of custom teak work. Some versions of the boat have the entire interior staved with teak. The cabin sole is made from teak planking separated with holly strips. It has a very spacious-feeling 6'4" of headroom.
Sleeping berths consist of a spacious V berth with good storage below and access to the chain locker via louvred doors, a full length berth in the main cabin on either side of the boat and on many models, a quarter berth on the aft starboard quarter, however in some models this was replaced by extra stowage.
A small galley is built on the port aft side and opposite is a spacious chart table. Forward on the starboard side are the heads.
The engine is mounted below the cabin companionway and is boxed in with a substantial teak housing. There are lockers and stowage areas all over the boat.
The Baba 30 typically came with two separate water tanks which reside under the port and starboard berths, each holding about 100 L (25 US gal). However many variants of this tankage have been discovered on different Babas.
Baba Sailing Boats
The range of Baba cruising yachts includes the Baba 30, Baba 35 and the Baba 40. The number represents the length, on deck, in feet. These yachts were designed by Robert Perry and built by Ta Shing Yacht Building Company, Ltd. in Tainan, Taiwan from 1978 through 1985. Other variations of these yachts came later in the Panda and Tashiba models.
Hull Specifications
Engine Details
The early Babas were often supplied with a Volvo Penta MD11c 23BHP Engine, however later versions were generally shipped with a Yanmar engine. A single fuel tank capable of holding approximately 100 L (25 US gal) of diesel is located midships in the bilge forward of the engine
External links
Mailing list & discussion group for Baba, Panda and Tashiba owners
Website for Baba, Panda, & Tashiba owners
Robert Perry boats site
Official Ta Shing Site
Review and history of the Baba 30 at sailboat.guide
Review and history of the Baba 35 at sailboat.guide
Review and history of the Baba 40 at sailboat.guide
Google map of some Baba Locations
Owners Sites
Lady Stardust Home site
Whisper Home site
Querencia Home site
References
Sailing yachts
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailboat type designs by Robert Perry |
Principle Group is an international brand implementation company headquartered in Huddersfield, UK, with offices in the USA, Mexico, Germany, France, Italy, Brazil, China, Japan, Russia, South Africa, Australia and India.
History
Principle Group was established in 1987 in a rented office in a former textile mill in Scissett, Huddersfield. Founder Richard Butterfield remains the sole shareholder of the UK registered company.
Initially, the company offered a management service for the implementation of signage change to commercial buildings. Principle expanded its service offerings and the company was transformed from signage middleman into a global implementer of brand and corporate identity,
Its expansion has seen it open further UK offices in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire and London, along with international operations in Milan, Munich, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Shanghai, Mumbai, Cape Town, Moscow, Tokyo, Mexico City and Brisbane. In February 2009, it launched a North American operating division based in Knoxville, Tennessee. Principle has also established an international affiliate network to work on major projects.
In July 2014, Principle Group announced details of a £3 million plan to expand its presence in Huddersfield by redeveloping an industrial site adjacent to its head office. In May 2015, Simon Blagden MBE, the non-executive Chairman of Fujitsu Telecommunications Europe, joined Principle's board as a non-executive director. In 2016 Principle Group FD Victoria Woodings was promoted to the position of CEO.
Principle Group now supplies services to more than 60 countries and its clients include Chrysler, Accenture, TE Connectivity, Barclays, HSBC, Nissan, Royal Bank of Scotland Group, ArcelorMittal, BMW, Xerox, and Towers Watson.
In 2015, Principle became a sponsor of Clerkenwell Design Week.
Innovation
In 2011, Principle Group designed and manufactured the world’s first solar-powered signage for green car manufacturer Fisker Automotive. The first installation took place at Century Automotive’s showroom in Huntsville, Alabama.
Principle Link, the facilities maintenance division of Principle Group, has developed two unique products designed to help its clients improve communication with hearing aid users. The patented Dual Amp Loop helps two hearing aid users to speak to and hear each other without the intrusion of excessive background noise, while Link Audio is a monitor arm which features integrated induction loop technology.
Awards
The company won the Huddersfield Daily Examiner Business of the Year Award 2012 and the Examiner Creative Enterprise Award 2008.
In December 2013, Principle was named as one of the London Stock Exchange’s 1000 Companies To Inspire Britain. It was also included in the BDO 2015 Yorkshire Report detailing the region's top 250 businesses.
Principle chairman Richard Butterfield was named as a finalist in EY’s North of England Entrepreneur of the Year Awards 2014, while in March 2015, Victoria Woodings, CEO, was named as Rising Star at the inaugural Barclays Women in Business Awards.
In 2017 Principle achieved a hat trick of Sunday Times Awards - Grant Thornton Top Track 250, HSBC International Track 100 and the BDO Profit Track 100. Principle were also recognised as one of Mexico's most prestigious brands by Superbrands Mexico.
In 2018 Principle achieved the Queen's Award for Enterprise: International Trade and Global Brand Management Experts of the Year at the UK Enterprise Awards 2018. CEO Victoria Woodings was named as one of Yorkshire's most inspirational business women in the Yorkshire Business Insider Magazine, whilst Chairman and founder Richard Butterfield was recognised as a game-changing entrepreneur in the Maserati 100.
References
External links
Official Website
Marketing companies established in 1987
Companies based in Huddersfield
Branding companies of the United Kingdom |
Ventricular hypertrophy (VH) is thickening of the walls of a ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more common, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), as well as concurrent hypertrophy of both ventricles can also occur.
Ventricular hypertrophy can result from a variety of conditions, both adaptive and maladaptive. For example, it occurs in what is regarded as a physiologic, adaptive process in pregnancy in response to increased blood volume; but can also occur as a consequence of ventricular remodeling following a heart attack. Importantly, pathologic and physiologic remodeling engage different cellular pathways in the heart and result in different gross cardiac phenotypes.
Presentation
In individuals with eccentric hypertrophy there may be little or no indication that hypertrophy has occurred as it is generally a healthy response to increased demands on the heart. Conversely, concentric hypertrophy can make itself known in a variety of ways. Most commonly, chest pain, either with or without exertion is present, along with shortness of breath with exertion, general fatigue, syncope, and palpitations. Overt signs of heart failure, such as edema, or shortness of breath without exertion are uncommon.
Physiology
The ventricles are the chambers in the heart responsible for pumping blood either to the lungs (right ventricle) or to the rest of the body (left ventricle). Ventricular hypertrophy may be divided into two categories: concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy. These adaptations are related to how the cardiomyocyte contractile units, called sarcomeres, respond to stressors such as exercise or pathology. Concentric hypertrophy is a result of pressure overload on the heart, resulting in parallel sarcomerogenesis (addition of sarcomere units parallel to existing units). Eccentric hypertrophy is related to volume overload and leads to the addition of sarcomeres in series.
Concentric hypertrophy results from various stressors to the heart including hypertension, congenital heart defects (such as Tetralogy of Fallot), valvular defects (aortic coarction or stenosis), and primary defects of the myocardium which directly cause hypertrophy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). The underlying commonality in these disease states is an increase in pressures that the ventricles experience. For example, in tetralogy of Fallot, the right ventricle is exposed to the high pressures of the left heart due to a defect in the septum; as a result the right ventricle undergoes hypertrophy to compensate for these increased pressures. Similarly, in systemic hypertension, the left ventricle must work harder to overcome the higher pressures of the vascular system and responds by thickening to deal with increased wall stress.
Concentric hypertrophy is characterized by an addition of sarcomeres (the contractile units of cardiac cells) in parallel. The result is an increase in thickness of the myocardium without a corresponding increase in ventricular size. This is maladaptive largely because there is not a corresponding proliferation of the vasculature supplying the myocardium, resulting in ischemic areas of the heart. Ultimately, this response can be compensatory for a duration, and allow for improved cardiac function in the face of stressors. However, this type of hypertrophy can result in a dilated ventricle which is unable to effectively pump blood, leading to heart failure. When stressors that encourage this concentric hypertrophy are reduced or eliminated (either surgically corrected in the case of cardiac defects, or hypertension is reduced from diet and exercise) it is possible for the heart to undergo 'reverse remodeling', returning to a somewhat more 'normal' state instead of progressing to a dilated, pathologic phenotype. This reversion may even go beyond muscle mass, and repair abnormalities in cardiac connective tissue.
Eccentric hypertrophy is generally regarded as healthy, or physiologic hypertrophy and is often termed "athlete's heart." It is the normal response to healthy exercise or pregnancy, which results in an increase in the heart's muscle mass and pumping ability. It is a response to 'volume-overload', either as a result of increased blood return to the heart during exercise, or a response to an actual increase in absolute blood volume as in pregnancy. This increase in pumping ability is the result of the addition of sarcomeres in series, which enables the heart to contract with greater force. This is explained by the Frank Starling mechanism, which describes the sarcomere's ability to contract with greater force as more of the elements of its contractile units become engaged. This response can be dramatic; in trained athletes have hearts that have left ventricular mass up to 60% greater than untrained subjects. Rowers, cyclists, and cross-country skiers tend to have the largest hearts, with an average left ventricular wall thickness of 1.3 centimeters, compared to 1.1 centimeters in average adults. Though eccentric hypertrophy is termed 'athlete's heart' it is typically only found in individuals who are aerobically conditioned. For example, weight lifters tend to undergo remodeling which more closely resembles concentric hypertrophy, as the heart does not experience a volume-overload, but instead responds to transient pressure overload as a consequence of increased vascular resistance from pressures exerted on arteries by sustained muscular contraction.
Though it is the case that eccentric hypertrophy is largely considered to be a healthy response to increased cardiac demand, it is also associated with risks. For example, in athletes with significantly increased left ventricular weight there is also a corresponding increased risk for conduction abnormalities and sudden cardiac death. Additionally, in pregnant individuals, a subpopulation progress to peripartum cardiomyopathy, characterized by a dilation of the left ventricle and a corresponding deficit in heart function. There are suggestions that this progression is partially determined by underlying metabolic derangement (diabetes) and hypertension which may result in a more maladaptive cardiac response to pregnancy. As such, though it is convenient to consider clear cut distinctions between pathologic and physiologic cardiac hypertrophy, there may be a broader range of phenotypes than may be accounted for by gross cardiac phenotypes alone.
The development of pathologic states in LVH is complex. Electrical abnormalities are commonly found in individuals with LVH, both ventricular and super-ventricular tachycardia. Additionally, cytoarchitecture and the extracellular environment of the myocardium are altered, specifically genes typically expressed in the fetal heart are induced, as are collagen and other fibrotic proteins. LVH may interfere with heart functionality in a number of ways. Before progression to a dilated phenotype, mechanical obstruction of the outflow tract can occur, leading to reduced cardiac output. Additionally, increased fibrosis of the ventricle can result in a failure to relax appropriately which impairs cardiac filling and may lead to diastolic dysfunction or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Research
Androgens, especially dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are active in the ventricle and promote hypertrophy. Researchers are investigating the potential for finasteride—a drug that inhibits the synthesis of DHT—to reduce hypertrophy.
Mechanics of cardiac growth
As described in the previous section, it is believed that the eccentric hypertrophy is induced by volume-overload and that the concentric hypertrophy is induced by pressure-overload. Biomechanical approaches have been adopted to investigate the progression of cardiac hypertrophy for these two different types.
In the framework of continuum mechanics, the volumetric growth is often modeled using a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic part and a growth part , where . For the generic orthotropic growth, the growth tensor can be represented as
,
where and are normally the orthonormal vectors of the microstructure, and is often referred as growth multipliers, which regulates the growth according to certain growth laws.
In eccentric growth, cardiomyocyte lengthens in the direction of the cell's long axis, . Therefore, the eccentric growth tensor can be expressed as
,
where is the identity tensor.
The concentric growth, on the other hand, induces parallel deposition of the sarcomeres. The growth of cardiomyocyte is in the transverse direction, and thus the concentric growth tensor is expressed as:
,
where is the vector perpendicular to tangent plane of the cardiac wall.
There are different hypothesis on the growth laws governing the growth multipliers and . Motivated by the observation that eccentric growth is induced by volume-overload, strain-driven growth laws are applied to the . For the concentric growth, which is induced by pressure-overload, both stress-driven and strain-driven growth laws have been investigated and tested using computational finite element method. The biomechanical model based on continuum theories of growth can be used to predict the progression of the disease, and therefore can potentially help developing treatments to pathological hypertrophy.
Diagnosis
Quantification
Hypertrophy of the ventricle can be measured with a number of techniques.
Electrocardiogram (EKG), a non-invasive assessment of the electrical system of the heart, can be useful in determining the degree of hypertrophy, as well as subsequent dysfunction it may precipitate. Specifically, an increase in Q wave size, abnormalities in the P wave, as well as giant inverted T waves, are indicative of significant concentric hypertrophy. Specific changes in repolarization and depolarization events are indicative of different underlying causes of hypertrophy and can assist in the appropriate management of the condition. Changes are common in both eccentric and concentric hypertrophy, though are substantially different from one another. In either condition fewer than 10% of patients with significant hypertrophy display a normal EKG.
Transthoracic echocardiography, a similarly non-invasive assessment of cardiac morphology, is also important in determining both the degree of hypertrophy, underlying pathologies (such as aortic coarction), and degree of cardiac dysfunction. Important considerations in echocardiography of the hypertrophied heart include lateral and septal wall thickness, degree of outflow tract obstruction, and systolic anterior wall motion (SAM) of the mitral valve, which can exacerbate outflow obstruction.
It is not uncommon to undergo cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), which measures the heart's response to exercise, to assess the functional impairment caused by hypertrophy, and to prognosticate outcomes.
In other animals
In most situations, described above, the increase in ventricular wall thickness is a slow process. However, in some instances hypertrophy may be "dramatic and rapid." In the Burmese python, consumption of a large meal is associated with an increase in metabolic work by a factor of seven and a 40% increase in ventricular mass within 48 hours, both of which return to normal within 28 days.
See also
Athletic heart syndrome
Cardiac fibrosis
Cardiology
Cardiomegaly
Cardiovascular disease
ECG – See diagnosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
References
External links
Exercise physiology
Cardiomegaly |
Cape la Hune was a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador.The community was part of the provincial governments resettlement program, beginning in the 1950's, that saw the residents of many isolated communities relocated to larger communities to reduce costs from ferry and infrastructure services. The former site of Cape la Hune is completely abandoned, with few remnants of the previous buildings remaining.
Populated places in Newfoundland and Labrador
Road-inaccessible communities of Newfoundland and Labrador |
Archimedes was a celebrated mathematician and engineer of ancient Greece.
Archimedes may also refer to:
People
Given name
Archimedes of Tralles, ancient Greek writer
Arquimedes Caminero (born 1987), Dominican baseball player
Archimedes Patti (1913–1998), American intelligence officer
Archimedes Russell (1840–1915), American architect
Archimedes Trajano (1956–1977), Filipino torture victim
Arquimedez Pozo (born 1973), Dominican baseball player
Other usages
Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert (1833–1880), Union general officer during the American Civil War
Pseudo-Archimedes, pseudo-anonymous writers of the Islamic Golden Age
Places
Archimedes (crater), an impact crater on the Moon
Archimedes Ridge, a ridge in Alaska, United States
Montes Archimedes, a mountain range on the Moon
3600 Archimedes, an asteroid
Organizations
Archimedes, Inc., an American healthcare modeling company
Archimedes Foundation, an independent body established by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research
Archimedes Group, an Israeli intelligence agency
Entertainment and media
Archimedes, Merlin's owl in T. H. White's 1958 novel The Once and Future King and Disney's 1963 film The Sword in the Stone
Archimedes, a character in the TV series The Little Mermaid
Archimedes, the Medic's dove from Team Fortress 2
Science and technology
Archimedes (CAD), an open-source computer-aided design project
Archimedes Geo3D, a software package for dynamic geometry in three dimensions
Acorn Archimedes, a home computer
Claw of Archimedes, an ancient weapon devised by Archimedes
GNU Archimedes, the GNU package for Monte Carlo semiconductor devices simulations
Transportation
Archimedes (1797), a ship built in Britain
SS Archimedes, a steamship built in Britain in 1839
Archimedes (ship)
Archimedes (rocket engine)
Other uses
Archimedes (bryozoan), an extinct genus of fenestrate bryozoan
Archimedes pyrg, a species of mollusc in the family Hydrobiidae
Crambus archimedes, a moth in the family Crambidae
Garden of Archimedes, a museum of mathematics in Florence, Italy
See also
Archimede (disambiguation)
Archimedean (disambiguation)
List of things named after Archimedes
fr:Archimède (homonymie)
it:Archimede (disambigua) |
Saccharomycetales belongs to the kingdom of Fungi and the division Ascomycota. It is the only order in the class Saccharomycetes. There are currently 13 families recognized as belonging to Saccharomycetales. GBIF also includes; Alloascoideaceae (with 5 genera), Eremotheciaceae (16) Trigonopsidaceae (with 36) and Wickerhamomycetaceae (with 141 genera).
Genera incertae sedis
According to The Mycota, genera included in the order, but of uncertain taxonomic position (incertae sedis) include Ascobotryozyma , Babjeviella, Botryozyma, Candida pro parte, Citeromyces, Coccidiascus, Komagataella, Kuraishia, Macrorhabdus (2), Nadsonia , Nakazawaea, Pachysolen, Peterozyma, Schizoblastosporidon , Sporopachydermia, and Trigonopsis.
GBIF also lists; Actonia , Aphidomyces (5), Ascotrichosporon, Azymocandida, Bacillopsis , Berkhoutia, Blastodendrion, Cicadomyces , Dabaryomyces , Deakozyma (3), Diutina (24), Dolichoascus , Enantiothamnus , Endomycodes , Entelexis , Ephebella , Eutorulopsis , Fragosia , Limtongella, Menezesia , Metahyphopichia, Middelhovenomyces (4), Mycotorula, Oleina , Parendomyces , Pseudomycoderma , Psyllidomyces , Sachsia , Saturnospora , Starmerella (103), Suhomyces (60), Syringospora , Teunomyces (22), Thailandia, Torulopsis (26), and Tyridiomyces .
Figures in brackets are approx. how many species per genus.
References
External links
Tree of Life: Saccharomycetales
Yeasts
Saccharomycetes
Ascomycota orders |
Centro de Ensino Unificado de Brasília Esporte Clube, commonly known as CEUB, were a Brazilian football club from Brasília. They won the Campeonato Brasiliense once and competed in the Série A three times.
History
They were founded in 1968, by college students of Centro de Ensino Unificado de Brasília (UniCEUB). The club won the Campeonato Brasiliense in 1973, when they beat Relações Exteriores in the final. They competed in the Série A in 1973, 1974 and in 1975. CEUB closed their professional football department in 1976 under Adílson Peres' term as the club's president.
Stadium
The club played their home games at the Pelezão stadium. The stadium had a maximum capacity of 20,000 people.
Achievements
Campeonato Brasiliense:
Winners (1): 1973
References
Defunct football clubs in the Federal District (Brazil)
Association football clubs established in 1968
Association football clubs disestablished in 1976
1968 establishments in Brazil
1976 disestablishments in Brazil |
Cannington Lake, also known as Cannington Lake Resort, is a hamlet within the Rural Municipality of Moose Mountain No. 63 in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan at the north-east corner of Cannington Lake. Listed as a designated place by Statistics Canada, the hamlet had a population of 0 in the Canada 2011 Census.
The resort is on the north-eastern shore of the lake and has over 20 lots owned, with six occupied cabins. The 2016 Canada Census does not list a population for Cannington Lake, only for the RM of Moose Mountain, which was 492 in 2016.
History
Cannington Lake was once a popular resort as the population would grow during the summer months. Until the 1980s, it was home to several campsites, barbecue areas, two boat launches, a beach, several rentable cabins, a miniature golf course, and other services. In the 1960s, Ed McCullough had wanted to build a ski hill north of the lake and had purchased the CPR railway station from the nearby town of Carlyle for the project. The movers got the railway station as far as Cannington then refused to move it up the hill, so the project was never completed. Over the years the lake water levels declined severely due to beaver damming, resulting in many of the residents moving their cabins away. Other nearby lakes, such as White Bear (Carlyle) Lake and Kenosee Lake have had similar issues with beaver dams. The lake levels have been on the rise in recent years due to beaver control measures.
Demographics
See also
List of communities in Saskatchewan
Tourism in Saskatchewan
References
Wawken No. 93, Saskatchewan
Former designated places in Saskatchewan
Organized hamlets in Saskatchewan
Division No. 1, Saskatchewan |
Prasophyllum holzingeri is a species of orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single tubular, shiny dark green leaf and up to fifteen unscented, greenish to brownish pink and white flowers. It is only known from a few populations in the Barrington Tops area.
Description
Prasophyllum holzingeri is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single shiny, dark green, tube-shaped leaf, long and wide with a purplish base. Between eight and fifteen flowers are crowded along a flowering spike long, reaching to a height of up to . The flowers are unscented, greenish to brownish pink. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped to lance-shaped, long, about wide and has three to five darker veins and a pointed tip. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, long, about wide and fused to each other when the flower first opens. The petals are white with a red central line, linear, long and about wide. The labellum is white, oblong to elliptic, long, about wide and turns sharply upwards through more than 90°. The edges of upturned part of the labellum are wavy and there is an oblong yellow or greenish yellow callus with a dark green base in the centre of the labellum and extending well past the bend. Flowering occurs between late January and early March.
Taxonomy and naming
Prasophyllum holzingeri was first formally described in 2018 by David Jones and Lachlan Copeland from a specimen collected in the Barrington Tops State Conservation Area and the description was published in Australian Orchid Review. The specific epithet (holzingeri) honours "William (Bill) Holzinger".
Distribution and habitat
This leek orchid grows in woodland with dense tussocks of snow grass at altitudes of about in the Barrington Tops area.
References
holzingeri
Orchids of New South Wales
Endemic orchids of Australia
Plants described in 2018 |
The Mule Mountains are a north/south running mountain range located in the south-central area of Cochise County, Arizona. The highest peak, Mount Ballard, rises to . Prior to mining operations commencing there, the mountains were heavily forested with large Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca) and other conifers, but these were all cut down for housing needs and to feed the ore smelting furnaces in Douglas, Arizona, approximately 20 miles due east. Now, the primary vegetation of the Mules consists of manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.) brush, juniper, lowland oaks and pines, and various grasses. To the east of the mountain range lies Sulphur Springs Valley, and the San Pedro River and Valley to the west.
The terrain is very rough, with very steep slopes descending into deep canyons. Common wildlife species include desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus eremicus), Coues' White-tailed deer (O. virginianus couesi), Collared Peccary (Pecari tajacu) (locally known as javalinas), various types of rodents, lizards and a wide variety of birds. The upper ridges of the mountains consist primarily of a very hard brecciate limestone, and it is very common to find fossils of clams and snails imbedded in them.
Immediately to the east central area of the Mules lies the Lavender Pit, a large and very deep open pit copper mine dug and mined by the Phelps Dodge Corporation between 1951 through 1974. Over a billion tons of copper were extracted from the mine, along with significant quantities gold, silver and lead. Also, as a by-product of the mining operations, high quality turquoise (locally known as Bisbee Blue) was also discovered.
On the east central slope of the Mule Mountains can be found the Copper Queen Mine. In its days of production, (late 19th century – early 20th century) it was the richest copper deposit ever discovered, causing the accompanying town of Bisbee, Arizona to prosper. Under this part of the Mule Mountains are many mining tunnels dug in pursuit of the rich copper ore. Today, Bisbee (also known as the "mile-high city," at elevation ) is largely a tourist town and retirement community along the slopes of Tombstone Canyon in the heart of the Mules. There are currently no organized mining operations in effect in the Mule Mountains. Much of the east/southeastern area of the range is private property.
References
External links
Mule Mountains
Mountain ranges of Cochise County, Arizona
Madrean Sky Islands mountain ranges
Mountain ranges of Arizona |
Homoeosoma stypticellum is a species of snout moth in the genus Homoeosoma. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1878. It is found in North America, including Alberta, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Washington and West Virginia.
References
Moths described in 1878
Phycitini |
Oregon High School (OHS) is a high school located in Oregon, Wisconsin in the United States. It is part of the Oregon School District. Student enrollment is 1233. It is a member of the Badger Conference. The current building was constructed in the 1960s to replace the original building built in 1922. OHS was later remodeled in 2017 including athletic facilities and an academic wing..
Notable people
Dave Ahrens, professional football player who played for the Wisconsin Badgers and four teams in the NFL as a linebacker.
Shaka Smart, head basketball coach for the Marquette Golden Eagles, graduated from Oregon High School in 1995
Homer A. Stone, Wisconsin State Representative, ;farmer, and businessman, graduated from Oregon High School in 1885.
Lisa Stone, women's basketball head coach, Saint Louis University and University of Wisconsin
Kevin J. Anderson, is an American science fiction author
Micah Alberti, American model and actor
Everly McKarns, American race track heiress
References
External links
Oregon School District
Public high schools in Wisconsin
Schools in Dane County, Wisconsin
Educational institutions established in 1969
1969 establishments in Wisconsin |
The Sud-Ouest SO.6000 Triton was an early experimental French jet aircraft. It has the distinction of being the first indigenously-designed jet-powered aircraft to be flown by the nation, having been designed and manufactured during the 1940s by the French aircraft construction consortium SNCASO.
Work on the French jet aircraft initiative had begun in secret during the Second World War, and harnessed research retrieved from Nazi Germany. Almost immediately after the end of the conflict, the French government issued a requirement for a batch of five prototype jet aircraft to be developed by French industry. To avoid delaying the overall project, it was decided to use the German-designed Junkers Jumo 004-B2 engine after severe development issues were encountered with the indigenously-developed Rateau-Anxionnaz GTS-65 turbojet engine. The British Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine was also adopted for some of the prototypes.
On 11 November 1946, the first prototype performed its maiden flight, flown by test pilot Daniel Rastel. This feat was viewed by the government as being an important, and public, advancement in the capabilities of French industry and military capability. A total of five aircraft were produced for the test programme, including one for static testing only. Despite multiple aircraft been built and successfully flown, further development of the SO.6000 was abandoned following the rapid emergence of more advanced jet-powered fighter aircraft.
Design and development
Origins
According to aviation author Peter Caygill, France's aviation industry was in dire straits, perhaps having been more damaged than that of any other nation, as a consequence of events in the Second World War. Regardless, French industrialists and government officials alike were keen to make rapid advances in aviation technology to not only revive the nation's aviation capabilities, but to utilise the newest advances and produce a new generation of competitive indigenously-built aircraft. France, like the other Allied nations in the war, had benefitted from captured Germany high speed research; these factors combined gave a great impetus to undertaking advanced research projects.
Amongst the first new aviation projects to be launched in post-war France was the SO.6000. According to aviation author John W.R. Taylor, the origins of the SO.6000 can be found during 1943; allegedly, the aircraft is based upon a clandestine research effort conducted during the German occupation of France, headed by the French aeronautics engineer Lucien Servanty. Shortly after the end of the conflict, the new French government issued a requirement, calling for a total of five prototype aircraft to be constructed for testing purposes. The development of indigenously designed jet aircraft was seen as of national importance to the government, being intended to symbolise and embody the speedy recovery of France's industrial and military strength.
Design
The SO.6000 was, despite the use of jet propulsion, an otherwise conventional aircraft. It was a compact and unarmed two-seater, having a deep-set fuselage and furnished with a mid-mounted straight wing. The spacious fuselage provided sufficient space for multiple engine models to be readily accommodated. Caygill observed that while SNCASO had to start from scratch on the fuselage's design, by pursuing a clean-sheet approach and the originality which that entailed, the SO.6000 lacked much of the conservatism present in the contemporary designs of several British aircraft manufacturers.
While having been envisioned from the onset to be powered by a jet engine, the availability of such a powerplant to install upon the aircraft was no straightforward issue. At one stage, it had been planned for the type to receive a French-designed Rateau-Anxionnaz GTS-65 turbojet engine. However, as a result of the delays encountered in the development of this engine, it was decided to instead adopt the German-designed Junkers Jumo 004-B2 engine for use upon the first prototype. The choice of a German engine was opted for as a means of preventing any unnecessary delay in the project.
Operational history
On 11 November 1946, the first prototype performed its maiden flight, conducted by test pilot Daniel Rastel amid unfavourable weather conditions. The timing of the flight was deliberate, being only four days before the opening of an international aviation exhibition held at the Grand Palais; the French government were keen to demonstrate that they possessed technological parity with Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. According to Caygill, the Junkers engine was only capable of producing up to 1,980 lb of thrust and was quite underpowered for the SO.6000, being barely capable of achieving sustained flight and therefore lacked practicality. Accordingly, further prototypes were not powered by the Junkers engine.
The second prototype was used for static testing only, while the three other aircraft were powered by a license-built model of the British Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine, the last of these performing its first flight in November 1950. None of the aircraft would be powered by the intended GTS-65 engine, the development of which would eventually be terminated without any production examples being completed. When flown with the Nene engine, the SO.6000 was capable of achieving speeds of up to 593 mph, but was also beset by several vibration and stability issues when flown near these speeds.
The SO.6000's lead designer, Lucien Servanty, also worked on another aircraft during the late 1940s, the Sud-Ouest Espadon, which became France's first post-war jet fighter; he also participated in the design of numerous aircraft following this, including the Anglo-French supersonic airliner Concorde. Further development of the SO.6000 was ultimately abandoned during the early 1950s without any direct follow-on; as such, the SO.6000 was never use in any operational circumstance. The type had been rendered obsolete by the rapid pace of advancements, both in terms of jet propulsion specifically and wider aerospace capabilities generally, with numerous jet-powered designs being produced around this timeframe.
Variants
SO. 6000J Triton - Powered by a Junkers Jumo 109-004 engine, Two built, one for static testing.
SO. 6000N Triton - Three aircraft powered by a Rolls-Royce Nene engine.
Surviving aircraft
SO.6000N Triton No. 03 F-WFKY is exhibited in the Musee de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget Airport, to the north of Paris. This aircraft incorporates parts from No. 05 F-WFKX.
Specifications (SO.6000-04)
References
Citations
Bibliography
Buttler, Tony and Jean-Louis Delezenne. X-Planes of Europe: Secret Research Aircraft from the Golden Age 1946-1974. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2012.
Carbonel, Jean-Christophe. French Secret Projects 1: Post War Fighters. Manchester, UK: Crecy Publishing, 2016.
Caygill, Peter. Sound Barrier: The Rocky Road to MACH 1.0+. Pen and Sword, 2006. .
Ogden, Bob, Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, 2006. .
External links
Video of preserved SO 6000 Triton
Cancelled aircraft projects
1940s French experimental aircraft
Triton |
Stuart Alfred Queen (February 26, 1890 – September 28, 1987) was an American sociologist and the 31st President of the American Sociological Association (for the year 1941).
Biography
Queen studied at Pomona College in California, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1910. He did his master's degree at the University of Chicago, where he studied under George Elliott Howard. In Chicago he also received his Ph.D. Queen took several breaks from his studies and teaching career to work for charities. From 1920 to 1922 he lectured at the Simmons College. 1922 to 1930 he was a sociology professor at the University of Kansas. From 1932 until his retirement he was a professor at the University of Washington. He was elected to the position of the President of the American Sociological Association in 1941.
Queen's main scientific concern was the utilization of sociological knowledge for social work.
Works
The Passing of the County jail. George Banta Publishing Company, Menasha (Wisconsin) 1920.
Social work in the light of history. JB Lippincott company, Philadelphia and London 1922.
Social Pathology. Thomas Y Crowell, New York 1925.
The City (with William Isaac Thomas ), McGraw-Hill, New York 1939.
The American social system. Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1956.
References
Further reading
Carpenter, David B. 1988. “Stuart A. Queen.” Footnotes (American Sociological Association) 16 (January): 15.
Odum, Howard W. 1951. “Stuart A. Queen.” Pp. 197-200 in American Sociology: The Story of Sociology in the United States through 1950. New York: Longmans, Green.
External links
Bernard's biography at ASA
University of Chicago Library. Guide to the Stuart Alfred Queen Papers n.d.
1890 births
1987 deaths
Presidents of the American Sociological Association
University of Chicago alumni
University of Kansas faculty
University of Washington faculty |
Adam Air Flight 574 (KI574 or DHI574) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Adam Air between the Indonesian cities of Surabaya and Manado that crashed into the Makassar Strait near Polewali in Sulawesi on 1 January 2007. All 102 people on board died, making it the deadliest aviation accident involving a Boeing 737-400. A national investigation was launched into the disaster. The final report, released on 25 March 2008, concluded that the pilots lost control of the aircraft after they became preoccupied with troubleshooting the inertial navigation system and inadvertently disconnected the autopilot. Despite a series of safety incidents, which contributed to the shut down of Adam Air in 2008, this was the only incident resulting in fatalities during the airline's 5-year existence.
The crash is one of several transportation accidents, including the subsequent non-fatal crash of Flight 172, which resulted in the United States downgrading its safety rating of Indonesian aviation and led to large-scale transportation safety reforms in Indonesia. All Indonesian airlines were banned from flying into the European Union for several years after the crash. Adam Air was banned from flying by the Indonesian government in June 2008, and declared bankruptcy.
History
Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-4Q8 with serial number 24070, registration PK-KKW, which was manufactured in 1989. Prior to service with Adam Air, owned by International Lease Finance Corporation the aircraft had been leased to seven airlines: Dan-Air, British Airways, GB Airways, Transaero, WFBN, Air One and Jat Airways. The plane was equipped with 2 CFM56-3C1 engines, had around 50,000 hours flying, and was last evaluated and declared airworthy by the Indonesian transport ministry on 25 December 2005. It was due to be checked again in late January 2007. The Surabaya airport duty manager said that there were no technical problems with the aircraft prior to departure.
Pilots
The pilot-in-command was 47-year-old Captain Refri Agustian Widodo from Sidoarjo, Indonesia, who joined Adam Air in 2006. The first officer was 36-year-old Yoga Susanto from Magelang, an employee of Adam Air who also joined the company in 2006. Captain Widodo was a seasoned veteran, having logged more than 13,300 hours of flying time. As pilot-in-command of Boeing 737 aircraft, he had more than 3,800 hours of experience. First Officer Susanto had 4,200 total flying hours and he had almost 1,000 hours logged as a Boeing 737 first officer.
Flight chronology
On 1 January 2007, at around 13:00 local time (06:00 UTC), the plane departed from Juanda Airport, Surabaya, with 96 passengers (85 adults, 7 children and 4 infants), a 56 percent load factor, and 6 crew on board. The passenger list was composed mainly of Indonesian nationals and a majority of passengers were returning to Manado after New Year's Day; the foreigners were an American family of three. The two-hour flight, scheduled to arrive at Sam Ratulangi Airport, Manado, at 16:00 local time, was as expected until the plane vanished from air traffic control radar screens at Makassar, South Sulawesi, with the final contact at around 15:00 local time. The last known beacon position was detected by a Singaporean satellite. The altitude of the plane was shown as on the radar screen.
Weather in the region was stormy; the Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology and Geophysics noted that the cloud thickness was up to in height and wind speed at an average of in the area. Although the Juanda Airport operator, PT Angkasa Pura I, had given warnings to the pilot concerning the weather condition, the plane had departed as scheduled. The plane ran into crosswinds of more than over the Makassar Strait, west of Sulawesi, where it changed course eastward toward land before losing contact.
Problems started when the pilots noticed an anomaly in the inertial reference system (IRS). The first officer then attempted to troubleshoot, resetting his IRS unit by switching the knob on his side to ATT mode; this blanked out his attitude indicator, effectively making it the captain's responsibility to fly the plane straight and level for 30 seconds as the realignment process is completed. The captain did not do this. As a result of his fixation on the faulty IRS, he did not fly the aircraft, and previous maintenance issues involving the aircraft's ailerons caused the airplane to gradually roll slowly to the right. When the aircraft reached 35 degrees right bank, and increasing, a "bank angle" audible warning sounded in the cockpit.
In a panic, Captain Widodo told the First Officer to switch the IRS mode back to NAV, to hopefully reverse the situation they got themselves into. Now that the first officer's attitude indicator had returned to its normal state, First Officer Susanto could see that the aircraft was in a dangerous position, and attempted to notify the captain. When this failed, he then tried to recover the aircraft from its descent by turning the yoke to the left. Believing that the aircraft was flying straight and level, Captain Widodo then unknowingly reminded First Officer Susanto that the aircraft needed to fly straight and level in order to complete the IRS alignment process. The aircraft now was in a 100 degree bank with a 60 degree nose down attitude. First Officer Susanto successfully notified the captain of their situation. In response to the first officer telling him to pull up to stop the rapid descent towards the sea, Captain Widodo pulled back on his yoke, and the aircraft, travelling over 90 percent of the speed of sound, began to break apart in-flight. All recordings stopped at 9000 feet, presumably because the aircraft had fully broken apart.
No distress signals were sent by the aircraft.
Victims
There was one German, 98 Indonesians and three American citizens on board the flight.
Search and rescue efforts
3,600 army and police personnel were mobilised in the search for the missing aircraft. One Boeing 737-200 Surveiller (a military surveillance plane), two infrared-equipped Fokker-50 aircraft from the Republic of Singapore Air Force, a Navy Nomad plane and six helicopters were dispatched to aid searching for the missing plane from the air. The Indonesian sonar-equipped ship Pulau Rengat, capable of detecting underwater metallic objects later joined the team, equipped with a mini remote-controlled submarine. It searched the sea for five days between 3 and 8 January, without success.
Naval ships combed the Makassar Strait while military personnel went through jungles and mountains of Sulawesi. In the face of heavy rain and strong winds in the area, the search efforts, coordinated from Makassar city, were focused in the area between the coastal town of Majene and the mountainous region of Toraja. The search in the two areas was due to twin signals, each carrying different emergency locator transmitter frequencies, received by the Singaporean satellite and an Indonesian military air base. The two separate locations produced on radar screens were a spot on the sea in Majene and on land in Rantepao, Tana Toraja. Searches were then expanded throughout the Island of Sulawesi; some were triggered by unknown distress signals received by a commercial Lion Air flight and an airport. A police officer at the Barru district police operational centre said that all the districts with stretches of coastline along the Makasser Strait had teams searching for the plane.
The head of the National Search and Rescue Agency told the Associated Press that he believed the aircraft was probably lost at sea. From 5 January 2007, the main focus of the search was relocated to areas south of Manado, after Manado's Sam Ratulangi Airport reported detecting a signal from the plane a day before. The rugged terrain coupled with thick and low hanging clouds continued to hamper the search efforts, however, and three relatives of missing passengers who overflew part of the area on a military reconnaissance plane admitted that the chances of finding the plane were slim. Officials said that it was unlikely any bodies had survived in one piece. On 14 January, at Indonesia's request, Singapore lent four towed underwater locator beacon detectors, sometimes called Towed Pinger Locators, and six consultants in their use to aid in the search. One week later, one of these Towed Pinger Locators, operated from the USNS Mary Sears successfully located the black boxes. On 24 January, the British ship MN Endeavour joined the search for wreckage. The ship is operated by local mining firm PT Gema Tera Mustikawati and is usually used by oil and gas drilling companies to map the seabed. By then, the Indonesian government had spent an average of Rp 1 billion (about US$110,000) a day on the search.
On 10 February, search operations were officially halted by the Search and Rescue Agency, according to Transportation Minister Hatta Rajasa, finalising the legal status of both the plane and its passengers and crew. This announcement allowed the families of the victims to start the insurance claims process.
Discovery of wreckage
Unidentified submerged objects
On Monday, 8 January, three large metal objects, suspected to be wreckage, were detected by the Indonesian ship KRI Fatahillah's sonar. First Admiral Gatot Subyanto of the Indonesian Navy indicated three locations, between apart, off Mamuju city on Sulawesi's western coast. Due to limitations of the navy's sonar equipment, it was not clear what the metal was, and Indonesia had no other equipment of its own. A United States Navy oceanographic survey ship, Mary Sears, arrived in the area on 9 January with better equipment to help identify the objects, and on the same date a Canadian jet with five separate air crews, working in shifts, was sent to aid with aerial mapping of the suspected location. The Indonesian Marine and Fishery Department has since suggested that the metal objects could instead have been instruments deployed to study the underwater sea current. A total of twelve Indonesian Navy ships were deployed in the area, including the KRI Ajak, KRI Leuser and KRI Nala. Extra underwater equipment, including a metal detector and an undersea camera, was sent from the United States, and arrived aboard the USNS Mary Sears on 17 January. The flight recorders were subsequently located elsewhere, in the waters in an area known as Majene, and a wide, sweeping search of the area revealed high amounts of scattered debris there, too. This debris was analysed to confirm it belonged to the 737.
Floating debris
The aircraft's right horizontal stabiliser was found by a fisherman, south of Pare Pare, about off the beach on 11 January, although it was not originally handed in, as its discoverer thought it to be a piece of plywood, only later realising it was a piece of the tail. This was confirmed by the part number on the stabiliser, 65C25746-76, which matched that of components on the missing 737. The fisherman received a reward of 50 million rupiah (equivalent to about $5,500) for his discovery. Later, other parts of the aircraft, including passenger seats, life jackets, a food tray, part of an aircraft tire, eight pieces of aluminium and fibre, an ID card, a flare and a headrest were also recovered from the area. By 13 January, a piece of a wing was also recovered. It is unclear whether the long section was a section of the right wing or the left wing, although it was examined in an attempt to discover this. The total count of recovered objects associated with aircraft, as of 29 January, was 206, of which 194 were definitely from the 737. Pieces of clothing thought to belong to passengers were also recovered, and on 15 January, pieces of human hair and what is thought to be human scalp were recovered from a headrest that had been pulled from the sea. They were DNA tested to attempt to identify them; the results of this test are, however, unknown.
Cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder
On 21 January 2007, the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR), popularly known as black boxes, were located 42 nautical miles off the coast of West Sulawesi by the US vessel Mary Sears. The flight data recorder was located at at a depth of , while the cockpit voice recorder was located at at a depth of , approximately apart. The Indonesian vessel Fatahillah travelled to the location. The Mary Sears used its side scan sonar (SSS) unit to map an area of approximately 10.3 km2 (3 sq nmi) around the recorders in high resolution, an operation that required 18 passes across the area at approximately , taking six hours per pass including lining up for the next pass. It discovered a large amount of wreckage in the area, which was considered to be all that remained of the aircraft. A senior Indonesian marine official said on 24 January that he did not believe that the equipment required to retrieve the boxes from that depth was available in any Asian country. The black boxes had a battery life of just 30 days, and would subsequently be unable to emit locator signals.
On 3 February, Indonesian naval vessel KRI Tanjung Dalpele took affected families out to the crash site where a memorial service was held, which included throwing flowers into the sea.
Salvage
On 26 January 2007, a dispute arose between Adam Air and the Indonesian government regarding the retrieval of the black boxes. Due to the depth involved, recovery required an underwater remotely operated vehicle, but Indonesia did not have such equipment. Vice-president of Indonesia Jusuf Kalla went so far as to question the need to retrieve the black boxes at all, although experts said in response that the accident was of international significance as it could indicate a fault with the aircraft. Adam Air said that in its opinion, the black boxes should be recovered, describing the accident as being relevant on both national and international levels, but refused to pay, saying that was the responsibility of the government. Indonesia did request technical assistance from the United States, Japan and France. Jim Hall, a former chairman of the US National Transportation Safety Board, said that it was essential the boxes be recovered quickly, as at that point their 30-day battery life was about to expire, which subsequently did happen. He cited problems such as poor visibility and strong currents making it difficult to recover the devices without the signal.
On 31 January, it was reported that the US had to withdraw the vessel Mary Sears from the searches, the US military saying that the vessel had other duties. Further funding and help from the US would have to be approved by the United States Congress. At the same time, external companies were suggested as possible retrievers of the black boxes. Indonesia continued to seek help from other countries, such as France and Japan. Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee head Setio Rahardjo maintained that Adam Air should be charged with the retrieval costs.
It was originally confirmed that Indonesia would not pay for the salvage operation, and neither could they force Adam Air to do so. Nonetheless, Adam Air signed a contract with Phoenix International for the recovery operation. On 23 August, the Eas arrived in Sulawesi's Makassar port to begin salvage operations, which began with several days survey. The vessel was carrying a mini-submarine that could dive up to , and was equipped with sonar and deep sea cameras.
A Phoenix International underwater robot scouring the sea off Majene for on Sulawesi finally retrieved the flight data recorder on 27 August and cockpit voice recorder on 28 August. The two devices were found at a depth of around and were apart. They had been moved from their original locations by powerful underwater currents. The black boxes were sent to Washington, D.C. for analysis. The final cost of the salvage operation to retrieve the black boxes was US$3 million, of which two million was contributed by the Indonesian government, with Adam Air paying the rest. Efforts continued with the hope of recovering various large pieces of wreckage from the seabed.
Investigation
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered a full investigation to discover the cause of the aircraft's disappearance, including the cause of any accident it may have had, before the main debris field had even been found. The investigation also looked at the airworthiness of the plane and standard procedure on aircraft operations. A team from the United States with representatives from the National Transportation Safety Board, the Federal Aviation Administration, Boeing and General Electric were sent to Indonesia to assist the Indonesian National Committee for Transportation in the investigation. A wider investigation into Indonesia's transport system as a whole was planned. Eyewitnesses reported seeing a low-flying, unstable aircraft in the area from which the wreckage has been recovered but lost sight of it after hearing a loud bang. The chief of the Indonesian Aircraft Technicians Association, Wahyu Supriantono, said that the plane was unlikely to have suffered an in-flight break up or explosion, as the debris field would have been larger, and as a result, wreckage would have been discovered earlier. The flight recorders were recovered in August 2007, without which it would not have been possible to discover the cause of the accident. The National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC, or KNKT as per its Indonesian name) described the near eight-month wait for the recovery of the flight recorders as "unacceptable".
On 25 March 2008, the inquiry ruled that pilot error and a faulty navigation device were to blame. While cruising at , the pilots became preoccupied with troubleshooting the aircraft's two inertial reference systems (IRS), part of the navigation system. As they were correcting the problem, they accidentally disengaged the autopilot and failed to correct for a slow right roll even after a "bank angle" alarm sounded. By the time the pilots noticed the situation, the bank angle had reached 100° with almost 60° nose down attitude. Contrary to the correct recovery procedure, the pilots did not level the wings before trying to regain pitch control. The aircraft reached at the end of the recording, in excess of the aircraft's maximum operating speed (). The descent rate varied during the fatal dive, with a maximum recorded value of 53,760 feet per minute, roughly . The tailplane suffered a structural failure 20 seconds prior to the end of the recording, at which time the investigators concluded the aircraft was in a "critically unrecoverable state". Both flight recorders ceased to function when the 737 broke up in mid-air at above sea level.
The NTSC determined that:
Flight crew coordination was less than effective, as the pilot in command (PIC) did not manage task sharing and crew resource management practices were not followed.
The crew focused their attention on troubleshooting the Inertial Reference System (IRS) failure and neither pilot was flying the aircraft.
After the autopilot disengaged and the aircraft exceeded 30 degrees right bank, the pilots appeared to have become spatially disoriented.
The Adam Air syllabus of pilot training did not cover complete or partial IRS failure.
The pilots had not received training in Aircraft upset recovery, including spatial disorientation.
Maintenance concerns
Investigators quickly became concerned about apparent poor maintenance and believed it might have been an important factor in the accident.
Adam Air
Adam Air's safety record, like that of a number of other Indonesian airlines at the time, has been heavily criticized. Adam Air has reportedly bullied pilots to fly planes they knew were unsafe. Pilots have reported repeated and deliberate breaches of international safety regulations, and aircraft being flown in non-airworthy states (including one aircraft flying with a damaged door handle and another with a damaged window) for months. Other incidents include pilots being ordered to fly aircraft even after exceeding the take-off limit of five times per pilot per day, using spare parts from other planes to keep planes in the air, and ignoring requests not to take off due to unsafe aircraft. According to the Associated Press, one ex-Adam Air pilot stated that "every time you flew, you had to fight with the ground staff and the management about all the regulations you had to violate." Pilots also claimed that if they confronted their seniors, they were grounded or docked pay.
Founder Adam Adhitya Suherman had personally denied the accusations, stating that maintenance had made up "40 percent of our total operational costs".
Specific aircraft
Investigators discovered that the aircraft was the subject of a large number of maintenance discrepancies filed by pilots (called "write-ups" in the aviation industry). The highest number of complaints concerned the captain's side vertical speed indicator, which informs the air crew of the in feet per minute (1ft/min = 0.00508m/s), metres per second, or knots (1kn ≈ 0.514m/s), depending on country and type of at which the aircraft is ascending or descending. In all, 48 complaints were made regarding the instrument in the three months before the crash. The aircraft's inertial navigation system, which informs pilots of their position, orientation, and velocity, was complained about a total of thirty times. The International Herald Tribune reported that this may be of particular significance. The third most-complained about instrument was a fuel differential light, which received fifteen write-ups. Numerous complaints were also received about inoperative cockpit instrument lights, as well as multiple other malfunctions. Several complaints were made that the flaps, which modify drag and lift during take-off and landing, were jamming at twenty-five degrees upon landing, and there were two complaints that the weather radar was faulty.
Legal action
Adam Air was sued by Indonesian consumer and labour groups over the accident, for a total of one trillion rupiahs (US$100 million), to be paid to the families of the victims. According to a lawyer for the families, speaking in a press conference along with the secretary for the Adam Air KI-574 Passengers' Families Association (formed in the aftermath of the disaster), 30 of the victims' families intend to sue Boeing instead of Adam Air over the accident. This does not necessarily mean that all of the others will sue Adam Air, however, as they may not necessarily exercise their right to sue at all. Representatives of the families have explained that they believe the plane was brought down by a faulty rudder control valve, similar to the accidents involving United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427, which went down in the early 1990s, although there is no evidence that proves this. They have explained that, as a result, they are suing Boeing and Parker Hannifin, the valve's manufacturer, although airlines using the 737-300, -400, and -500 have been warned about problems with the rudder control valves.
Reaction
Government
Vice-president Jusuf Kalla described the disappearance as an "international issue." A few days after the disappearance, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono set up the National Team for Transportation Safety and Security, partially as a response to the high number of recent transportation accidents in Indonesia, and partially as a direct response to the event. The team was tasked to evaluate thoroughly the transport safety procedures and review the existing regulations on transportation. It was not, however, to investigate accidents; the entity deemed responsible for this was the Komisi Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT), or in English the National Transportation Safety Commission (NTSC), which is part of Departemen Perhubungan (Ministry of Transportation).
Adam Air
Adam Air has been accused by multiple organisations of poor maintenance, and of ordering pilots to fly in all weather and regardless of aircraft conditions. Adam Adhitya Suherman, founder of the family-run airline, has personally denied these accusations, and has said that maintenance consumes "up to 40 percent of our total operational costs".
Adam Air has compensated the families of deceased passengers Rp 500 million (equivalent to about US$55,000 or €42,000) per passenger. It also compensated families of the flight crew.
There have been calls from relatives of the dead for Adam Air to build a memorial to the victims in Makassar, South Sulawesi. Adam Air said that if an agreement could be reached, then they would fulfill the request.
Aftermath
Shortly after the crash, Adam Air changed the number of the regular Surabaya–Manado flight from Flight 574 to Flight 582. This accident also weakened Adam Air's image, which at the time was already negative among the public because of their frequent breakdowns and delays. The crash also exacerbated financial difficulties at the airline, which ceased operations a few years later.
The Indonesian government announced plans immediately after the accident to ban jets over ten years old for any commercial purpose. Previously the age limit was 35 years. Although this was in response to a large number of aircraft accidents, it was mainly in response to this accident and the Flight 172 incident. Indonesia also announced that the Transportation Ministry would be reshuffled in response to this accident and the loss of the ferries MV Senopati Nusantara and Levina 1. Among those replaced were the directors of air and sea transports and the chairman of the National Committee for Transportation Safety. Indonesia also introduced a new system of ranking airlines according to their safety record, with a level one ranking meaning the airline has no serious issues, a level two ranking meaning the airline must fix problems, and a level three ranking meaning that the airline may be forced to shut down.
In March 2007, the Indonesian government announced that Adam Air was one of fifteen airlines that would have their licences revoked within three months unless they could improve their safety standards. The other airlines included Batavia Air, Jatayu Airlines, Kartika Airlines, Manunggal Air Services, Transwisata Prima Aviation and Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines. These airlines were all targeted as a direct result of the crash, as they were in the third level of the ranking system introduced as a result. All Indonesian airlines, including state-owned Garuda Indonesia, were told they would need to make some improvements, with none of them receiving a level one ranking.
It was reported on 28 June 2007, that Adam Air would escape closure and had been upgraded one rank in safety rating, to the middle tier. The airlines that lost their licences were Jatayu Gelang Sejahtera, Aviasi Upataraksa, Alfa Trans Dirgantara, and Prodexim. Additionally, Germania Trisila Air, Atlas Delta Setia, Survey Udara Penas, Kura-Kura Aviation and Sabang Merauke Raya Air Charter were grounded pending improvements and facing potential licence revocation.
On 16 April 2007, the American Federal Aviation Administration responded to the results of the new airline survey by downgrading Indonesia's air safety oversight category from a 1 to a 2 because of "serious concerns" over safety. This means it views Indonesia's civil aviation authority as failing to oversee air carriers in accordance with minimum international standards. As a direct result, the US Embassy in Jakarta issued a warning to all American citizens flying in or out of Indonesia to avoid using Indonesian airlines, and instead use international carriers with better safety reputations. This was followed on 28 June 2007 by the addition of all Indonesia's airlines, none of which flew to Europe at the time, to the List of air carriers banned in the EU; the ban was lifted for flag carrier Garuda Indonesia and three smaller airlines in 2009, and by 2018 all Indonesian airlines were once again permitted to fly to the EU. Budhi Mulyawan Suyitno, Director-general of civil aviation at the Indonesian transport ministry, responded by saying that he felt Indonesia had made the improvements required by the EU. A blanket ban on all Indonesian airlines flying to the United States was imposed in 2007, and lifted in 2018.
On 18 March 2008, shortly after a further accident in Batam, the airline's Air Operator's Certificate was suspended by the Indonesian government. Three months later, the air certificate was revoked, and the airline ceased operations and filed for bankruptcy.
Flight 172
On 21 February 2007, just 51 days after the loss of Flight 574, Flight 172, an Adam Air Boeing 737-300 aircraft (registration PK-KKV) flying from Jakarta to Surabaya had a hard landing at Juanda International Airport. The incident caused the fuselage of the plane to crack and bend in the middle, with the tail of the plane drooping towards the ground. There were no reports of serious injuries from the incident. As a result, six Adam Air 737s were grounded awaiting safety checks. Adam Air described this as "harsh punishment" for an accident it blamed on poor weather conditions, but Vice-president Kalla had said that all Boeing 737-300s should be checked.
Alleged cockpit voice recording leakage
In early August 2008, a five-minute-38-second digital recording allegedly retrieved from the plane's cockpit voice recorder was widely circulated on the Internet and transcribed by the media. The recording, which had been publicly distributed through chain e-mails, begins with what is believed by some to be a conversation between pilot Refi Agustian Widodo and co-pilot Yoga Susanto before the crash. Approximately two minutes before the end of the recording, the autopilot disconnect horn can be heard to sound, followed approximately a minute later by "bank angle" warnings from the GPWS and the altitude alerter. Immediately thereafter, as the aircraft begins its final dive, the shotgun-like sounds of engine compressor surges and the overspeed "clacker" can be heard, along with two background voices screaming in terror and shouting out the Takbir. Towards the end of the recording, there is a dramatic increase in windshield noise as well as two loud bangs, the second greater than the first, consistent with structural failure of the aircraft. This is followed 20 seconds later by abrupt silence. It is likely that, when the pilots regained visual ground contact, they quickly pulled up, overloading the horizontal stabiliser downwards and a main wing spar upwards. This recording was dismissed by officials who said that it was not authentic and was not the original recording.
Dramatization
The crash was featured in Season 7 of the documentary series Mayday, on the episode "Flight 574: Lost".
See also
Aviation safety
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities
List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline (A–C)
MV Senopati Nusantara, which sank during the same storm.
West Air Sweden Flight 294
Korean Air Flight 8509
Copa Airlines Flight 201
Air India Flight 855
Birgenair Flight 301
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
National Transportation Safety Committee
Final report (Archive)
PUBLIC RELEASE OF FINAL REPORT – PK-KKW – FL DHI 574 (Archive)
PEMBUKAAN PUBLIC RELEASE PK-KKW TGL 25 MARET 200 (Archive)
Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary
2007 in Indonesia
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2007
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Classic
Marine salvage operations
January 2007 events in Asia
Adam Air accidents and incidents
Makassar Strait |
Dany is a 2001 Indian Malayalam-language political comedy drama film written, directed and produced by T.V. Chandran with Mammootty in the title role. Also starring in the film are noted dancer Mallika Sarabhai, Vani Viswanath, Siddique, Vijayaraghavan, Ratheesh, popular television actress Maya Moushmi, Raji menon and Narendra Prasad. It was released coinciding with the festival of Christmas in December 2001. The film met with critical acclaim with most of the critics hailing the performance of Mammootty. It won numerous awards including a National Film Award and three Kerala State Film Awards.
Plot
The film is about Daniel Thompson, a saxophone player who is a mute witness to many of the historical happenings taking place around the world. The film traces the life of this character up to his seventy-third year and comments upon many things that may have social and political relevance. Dany as he is known, was born on the day of the Dandi Salt March (12 March 1930). His mother died on the day Guruvayur Satyagraha was conducted (21 September 1932). His father died on the day of the first widow remarriage in Namboothiri caste (15 September 1935). His wife leaves him on the day the first Communist Government of Kerala loses power (31 July 1959). Dany's love, disappointments, triumphs everything coincides with historical events. Dany dons many roles in life. He sings in the church. Then he becomes a saxophone player. He marries Margaret, the daughter of a rich man named Chavero when the old man asks him to save the honor of their family. Margaret is pregnant and her lover has died. But with the passage of time, Dany is abandoned by all and he finds himself destined to lead a desolate existence. He ends up in a hospital. It is here that he meets Bhargavi Amma, a retired professor, who is also desolate after the death of her daughter and after being totally isolated in life. Dany and Bhargavi Amma develop an intimacy and they travel back together from the hospital. But Dany passes away on the way. Anyhow Bhargavi Amma decides to perform the funeral rites in the Christian manner in the compound of her house, a house of orthodox Hindus. This creates certain problems, but Bhargavi Amma decides to dare all such problems.
Cast
Mammootty as Daniel Thompson aka Dany
Mallika Sarabhai as Bhargavi Amma
Vani Viswanath as Margarette, Dany's wife
Siddique as Freddy
Vijayaraghavan as Robert, Dany's son.
Maya Moushmi as Louisiana, Daughter of Dany and Clara
Ratheesh as Dr. Renji Thomas
Narendra Prasad as Fr. Simon
N. F. Varghese as Prof. Padmanabha Menon
Poornima Mohan as Madhavi
Urmila Unni as Jayalakshmi
Devadevan Vijayaraghavan as younger Robert and Albert, Robert's son
Aliyar as Narayanan Nair
Irshad as Murukan
Sona Nair as Anna
Reena
Sivaji as Ramabhadran
P. Sreekumar as Chavaro
Raji Menon as Clara, as Dany's first wife
Awards
National Film Awards
Best Feature Film in Malayalam - T. V. Chandran
Kerala State Film Awards
Best Director - T. V. Chandran
Best Photography - K. G. Jayan
Best Processing Lab - Chitranjali
Other awards
John Abraham Award for Best Malayalam Film - T. V. Chandran
References
External links
Dany at the Malayalam Movie Database
Unni R. Nair. (7 June 2001). "Dani— Travelling with history". Screen India
"മമ്മൂട്ടി:ഭാഷയും ദേശവും- 6". Mathrubhumi.
2000s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Johnson
2001 comedy-drama films
2001 films
Films directed by T. V. Chandran
Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners
2001 comedy films
2001 drama films
Indian comedy-drama films |
Universo is an American pay television channel owned by the NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises subsidiary of NBCUniversal. The network serves as a companion cable channel to the NBCUniversal's flagship broadcast television network NBC and, to some extent, its Spanish network Telemundo.
Aimed at Hispanic Adults between the ages of 18 and 49, the majority of its programming – which is tailored toward bilingual audiences – consists mainly of sports, scripted and reality series, and music programming. The network is headquartered in Miami Springs, Florida, while its master control operations are housed at the CNBC Global Headquarters in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, which serves as master control facilities for most of NBCUniversal's cable networks.
The network was founded by Empresas 1BC as GEMS Television. In 2001, the network was acquired by Telemundo and re-branded as mun2. The network was renamed NBC Universo in February 2015 to align it with Telemundo's sister English-language network NBC. , NBC Universo's programming was available to approximately 39.326 million pay television households (33.8% of cable, satellite and telco customers with at least one television set) in the United States.
Background
The network was launched on October 10, 1993, as GEMS Television, under founding owner Empresas 1BC. Cable television provider Cox Cable (now Cox Communications) acquired an ownership interest in the network the following year. The network's programming was aimed towards Latina women.
As mun2
In 2001, GEMS was purchased by the Telemundo Communications Group (then a joint venture led by Sony Pictures Entertainment and Liberty Media), and revamped its programming format to target younger viewers; it was renamed mun2, a name chosen to reflect the "two worlds" that Latino Americans live in (the name being a Spanish-language pun on "mundo" and the number 2, which is pronounced like "mundos" or "worlds").
Its initial lineup included programs from Telemundo's then sister company Columbia TriStar Television (now Sony Pictures Television), including repeats of Spanish language adaptations of Charlie's Angels (Angeles) and The Dating Game that had aired on Telemundo as part of a failed programming revamp in 1998 in an attempt to counterprogram its rival, Univision. In addition, mun2 ran blocks of programming from the Home Shopping Network's Spanish language network Home Shopping Español (HSE) daily from 12:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time.
In 2002, NBC acquired Telemundo and mun2 from Sony Pictures and Liberty Media, and on August 2, 2004, General Electric, then-owners of NBC, acquired an 80% stake in Universal Pictures, merging it with NBC to form NBCUniversal, which was later acquired by Comcast in 2011.
The network's most well known series was the candid reality series I Love Jenni, which featured the life of banda/ranchero singer Jenni Rivera. After her death in a plane crash near Monterrey on December 9, 2012, the final season of the series earned the highest season average of any mun2 original program in its history, reaching a total of 5.5 million people across all of its telecasts during the season's 18-week run. It also ranked as the #1 show among all Hispanic cable networks in every key demographic during its Sunday night premiere. The series on-demand traffic increased, with over eight million video streams on mun2.tv, and over one million video on demand views.
As Universo
thumb|left|Logo used until January 17, 2017.
On December 24, 2014, NBCUniversal announced that it would relaunch mun2 as NBC Universo on February 1, 2015, to coincide with the network's Spanish-language broadcast of Super Bowl XLIX. The relaunch of the network under the NBC name and peacock logo was designed to reflect the broadcaster's commitment to the Spanish-language television market.
Eight months prior to the relaunching announcement, at NBCUniversal Hispanic Enterprises and Content's upfront presentation at New York City's Frederick P. Rose Hall on May 13, 2014, the company announced that NBC Universo would be revamping its programming. The new line-up would increase its focus on sports coverage (which included the re-organization of Telemundo's sports division as Telemundo Deportes, a branch of the English-language NBC Sports division), primarily in preparation for its broadcast of the 2016 Summer Olympics and its assumption of Spanish-language cable rights to FIFA tournaments (such as the 2018 FIFA World Cup), which began with the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
In February 2017, the channel's name was shortened to Universo as part of a brand refresh.
Programming
Universo's programming consists of sports, original scripted drama series, reality series largely centered on popular Hispanic celebrities, movies, and music videos and music-related magazine programming; it also broadcasts series originating from Telemundo and networks operated as part of sister division NBCUniversal Cable, made up of original series from sister networks Syfy and USA Network, which incorporated Spanish subtitles. To reflect its audience, Universo does not exclusively air programming in Spanish, airing a mix of shows presented in English, dubbed into Spanish and incorporating Spanish language subtitles, and programs presented interchangeably in both languages.
Music programming on the network during its existence as mun2 usually consisted of a mix of music videos in English and Spanish from a variety of genres. In early April 2009, mun2 introduced two new music video-oriented shows called Indie y Nuevo (a program focusing more on independent artists, which has since been cancelled) and The Urban Tip (focusing on R&B, rap and reggaeton videos). In late December 2009, the network dropped its overnight block of infomercials that aired daily from 3:00 to 6:00 a.m. Eastern Time, and replaced it with additional music video programming either in the form of Reventon Mix (focusing on contemporary Latin party music) or Morning Breath (featuring a selection of videos from various artists). In January 2010, the network also began broadcasting a weekly block of feature films on Friday nights.
Sports programming
Universo broadcasts Spanish-language sports programming in conjunction with the Telemundo Deportes branch of the NBC Sports Group. Since the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, Universo is the Spanish-language cable rightsholder of FIFA tournaments through 2026.
In January 2010, NBC Universal announced that the channel would continue to broadcast Mexican soccer games (under the brand Fútbol Mexicano); most of the games aired to date were English-language telecasts of matches featured on Telemundo's Fútbol Estelar broadcasts. In February 2010, mun2 debuted mun2 Sports Arena, a half-hour sports news program that aired on Sunday evenings. The network held English-language rights to a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers match between the United States and Mexico on August 12, 2009. mun2 offered a free preview for the day of the match.
On July 23, 2013, NBC Sports announced that Telemundo and mun2 would broadcast NASCAR events in Spanish in beginning in 2015, as part of NBC's new rights deal to cover the second half of the Cup Series and Xfinity Series season. As a prelude to the new contract, mun2 broadcast the opening event of the Toyota Series—NASCAR's Mexican series, at Phoenix International Raceway during the weekend of The Profit on CNBC 500 on February 28, 2014. Through NBC Sports' contract to televise the Premier League, the network began airing Spanish-language simulcasts of select matches broadcast in English on NBCSN with the 2013–14 season.
Through NBC's rights agreement with the NFL, mun2 carried its first Spanish simulcast of an NFL game, airing a Thanksgiving matchup between the Seattle Seahawks and San Francisco 49ers on November 27, 2014; the re-branded channel has served as the Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl during years NBC holds the rights. NBC had proposed using Telemundo to act as a Spanish-language simulcast partner for years following its 2001 purchase of the network, but this did not occur until the Premier League agreement.
List of programs broadcast by Universo
Current
Original programming
El Vato (April 17, 2016 – present)
I Love Jenni (reruns)
Larrymania (October 7, 2012 – present)
The Riveras (October 16, 2016 – present)
Latinx Now! (October 3, 2018 – present)
Acquired programming
12 Corazones
Atrapados en la aduana
El Socio (July 22, 2018 – present)
Encarcelados
Escuela para maridos
Fuerza especial de fugitivos
La frontera
La ley de Laredo
Mi historia de fantasmas
Motivo para matar (May 27, 2018 – present)
Narcos: Guerra antidrogas
Pandilleros Paraíso perdido Preppers Prison Break ¿Quién da más? Seguridad de frontera: Australia Seguridad de frontera: Canada Seguridad de frontera: USASon of Anarchy The Walking DeadReruns of Telemundo programming
Caso Cerrado Historias de la Virgen Morena Exatlón Estados Unidos (July 17, 2018 – present)
Sports
Premier League (August 16, 2013 - prsesent)
FIFA World Cup (June 14, 2018 – present)
Telenovelas
Pasión de gavilanes (June 8, 2017 – present)
La hija pródiga (October 1, 2018 – present)
Los herederos del Monte (December 3, 2018 – present)
Former
Chiquis 'N Control Day in Day Out El Show Fugitivos De La Ley: Los Angeles Gran Hermano: La Novela Guerra de ídolos Jenni Rivera Presents: Chiquis & Raq-C La Patrona Law & Order Law & Order: LA Los Thunderbirds Lugar Heights mun2 Shuffle Milagros de Navidad Niño Santo One Nation Operación Repo Pablo Escobar, el Patrón del Mal RPM Miami Reto superhumanos Se Habla Rock! Sons of Anarchy South Park Stan Lee's Superhumans
Shockwave Suelta la sopa (July 16, 2018 – August 17, 2018)
The Chicas Project The Look The mun2 Shift Vivo Welcome to Los Vargas WWE ECW (January 9, 2009 – February 19, 2010)
WWE Raw (October 5, 2005 – 2020)
WWE NXT (2010)
WWE SmackDown'' (October 2, 2010 – September 29, 2019)
Notes and references
External links
Telemundo
NBCUniversal networks
NBC Sports
Music video networks in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 1993
Spanish-language television networks in the United States |
Defending champions Nikola Mektić and Mate Pavić defeated John Isner and Diego Schwartzman in the final, 6–2, 6–7(6–8), [12–10] to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2022 Italian Open. The pair saved a championship point en route to their tenth career title as a team.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
Seeded teams
The following are the seeded teams, based on ATP rankings as of 2 May 2022.
Other entry information
Wildcards
Alternates
Withdrawals
Before the tournament
Marin Čilić / Ivan Dodig → replaced by Ivan Dodig / Austin Krajicek
Taylor Fritz / Reilly Opelka → replaced by Reilly Opelka / Tommy Paul
Marcel Granollers / Horacio Zeballos → replaced by Julio Peralta / Franko Škugor
Karen Khachanov / Andrey Rublev → replaced by Lloyd Glasspool / Harri Heliövaara
Marcelo Melo / Alexander Zverev → replaced by Aslan Karatsev / Marcelo Melo
References
External links
Main draw
Doubles men
Italian Open - Doubles |
William Suttor may refer to:
William Henry Suttor, Australian pastoralist and politician
William Suttor Jr., his son, Australian politician and pastoralist |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
# shareable_constant_value: literal
require 'date'
# :stopdoc:
# = time.rb
#
# When 'time' is required, Time is extended with additional methods for parsing
# and converting Times.
#
# == Features
#
# This library extends the Time class with the following conversions between
# date strings and Time objects:
#
# * date-time defined by {RFC 2822}[path_to_url
# * HTTP-date defined by {RFC 2616}[path_to_url
# * dateTime defined by XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes ({ISO
# 8601}[path_to_url
# * various formats handled by Date._parse
# * custom formats handled by Date._strptime
# :startdoc:
class Time
class << Time
#
# A hash of timezones mapped to hour differences from UTC. The
# set of time zones corresponds to the ones specified by RFC 2822
# and ISO 8601.
#
ZoneOffset = { # :nodoc:
'UTC' => 0,
# ISO 8601
'Z' => 0,
# RFC 822
'UT' => 0, 'GMT' => 0,
'EST' => -5, 'EDT' => -4,
'CST' => -6, 'CDT' => -5,
'MST' => -7, 'MDT' => -6,
'PST' => -8, 'PDT' => -7,
# Following definition of military zones is original one.
# See RFC 1123 and RFC 2822 for the error in RFC 822.
'A' => +1, 'B' => +2, 'C' => +3, 'D' => +4, 'E' => +5, 'F' => +6,
'G' => +7, 'H' => +8, 'I' => +9, 'K' => +10, 'L' => +11, 'M' => +12,
'N' => -1, 'O' => -2, 'P' => -3, 'Q' => -4, 'R' => -5, 'S' => -6,
'T' => -7, 'U' => -8, 'V' => -9, 'W' => -10, 'X' => -11, 'Y' => -12,
}
#
# Return the number of seconds the specified time zone differs
# from UTC.
#
# Numeric time zones that include minutes, such as
# <code>-10:00</code> or <code>+1330</code> will work, as will
# simpler hour-only time zones like <code>-10</code> or
# <code>+13</code>.
#
# Textual time zones listed in ZoneOffset are also supported.
#
# If the time zone does not match any of the above, +zone_offset+
# will check if the local time zone (both with and without
# potential Daylight Saving \Time changes being in effect) matches
# +zone+. Specifying a value for +year+ will change the year used
# to find the local time zone.
#
# If +zone_offset+ is unable to determine the offset, nil will be
# returned.
#
# require 'time'
#
# Time.zone_offset("EST") #=> -18000
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def zone_offset(zone, year=self.now.year)
off = nil
zone = zone.upcase
if /\A([+-])(\d\d)(:?)(\d\d)(?:\3(\d\d))?\z/ =~ zone
off = ($1 == '-' ? -1 : 1) * (($2.to_i * 60 + $4.to_i) * 60 + $5.to_i)
elsif zone.match?(/\A[+-]\d\d\z/)
off = zone.to_i * 3600
elsif ZoneOffset.include?(zone)
off = ZoneOffset[zone] * 3600
elsif ((t = self.local(year, 1, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
off = t.utc_offset
elsif ((t = self.local(year, 7, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
off = t.utc_offset
end
off
end
# :stopdoc:
def zone_utc?(zone)
# * +0000
# In RFC 2822, +0000 indicate a time zone at Universal Time.
# Europe/Lisbon is "a time zone at Universal Time" in Winter.
# Atlantic/Reykjavik is "a time zone at Universal Time".
# Africa/Dakar is "a time zone at Universal Time".
# So +0000 is a local time such as Europe/London, etc.
# * GMT
# GMT is used as a time zone abbreviation in Europe/London,
# Africa/Dakar, etc.
# So it is a local time.
#
# * -0000, -00:00
# In RFC 2822, -0000 the date-time contains no information about the
# local time zone.
# In RFC 3339, -00:00 is used for the time in UTC is known,
# but the offset to local time is unknown.
# They are not appropriate for specific time zone such as
# Europe/London because time zone neutral,
# So -00:00 and -0000 are treated as UTC.
zone.match?(/\A(?:-00:00|-0000|-00|UTC|Z|UT)\z/i)
end
private :zone_utc?
def force_zone!(t, zone, offset=nil)
if zone_utc?(zone)
t.utc
elsif offset ||= zone_offset(zone)
# Prefer the local timezone over the fixed offset timezone because
# the former is a real timezone and latter is an artificial timezone.
t.localtime
if t.utc_offset != offset
# Use the fixed offset timezone only if the local timezone cannot
# represent the given offset.
t.localtime(offset)
end
else
t.localtime
end
end
private :force_zone!
LeapYearMonthDays = [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31] # :nodoc:
CommonYearMonthDays = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31] # :nodoc:
def month_days(y, m)
if ((y % 4 == 0) && (y % 100 != 0)) || (y % 400 == 0)
LeapYearMonthDays[m-1]
else
CommonYearMonthDays[m-1]
end
end
private :month_days
def apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
if off < 0
off = -off
off, o = off.divmod(60)
if o != 0 then sec += o; o, sec = sec.divmod(60); off += o end
off, o = off.divmod(60)
if o != 0 then min += o; o, min = min.divmod(60); off += o end
off, o = off.divmod(24)
if o != 0 then hour += o; o, hour = hour.divmod(24); off += o end
if off != 0
day += off
days = month_days(year, mon)
if days and days < day
mon += 1
if 12 < mon
mon = 1
year += 1
end
day = 1
end
end
elsif 0 < off
off, o = off.divmod(60)
if o != 0 then sec -= o; o, sec = sec.divmod(60); off -= o end
off, o = off.divmod(60)
if o != 0 then min -= o; o, min = min.divmod(60); off -= o end
off, o = off.divmod(24)
if o != 0 then hour -= o; o, hour = hour.divmod(24); off -= o end
if off != 0 then
day -= off
if day < 1
mon -= 1
if mon < 1
year -= 1
mon = 12
end
day = month_days(year, mon)
end
end
end
return year, mon, day, hour, min, sec
end
private :apply_offset
def make_time(date, year, yday, mon, day, hour, min, sec, sec_fraction, zone, now)
if !year && !yday && !mon && !day && !hour && !min && !sec && !sec_fraction
raise ArgumentError, "no time information in #{date.inspect}"
end
off = nil
if year || now
off_year = year || now.year
off = zone_offset(zone, off_year) if zone
end
if yday
unless (1..366) === yday
raise ArgumentError, "yday #{yday} out of range"
end
mon, day = (yday-1).divmod(31)
mon += 1
day += 1
t = make_time(date, year, nil, mon, day, hour, min, sec, sec_fraction, zone, now)
diff = yday - t.yday
return t if diff.zero?
day += diff
if day > 28 and day > (mday = month_days(off_year, mon))
if (mon += 1) > 12
raise ArgumentError, "yday #{yday} out of range"
end
day -= mday
end
return make_time(date, year, nil, mon, day, hour, min, sec, sec_fraction, zone, now)
end
if now and now.respond_to?(:getlocal)
if off
now = now.getlocal(off) if now.utc_offset != off
else
now = now.getlocal
end
end
usec = nil
usec = sec_fraction * 1000000 if sec_fraction
if now
begin
break if year; year = now.year
break if mon; mon = now.mon
break if day; day = now.day
break if hour; hour = now.hour
break if min; min = now.min
break if sec; sec = now.sec
break if sec_fraction; usec = now.tv_usec
end until true
end
year ||= 1970
mon ||= 1
day ||= 1
hour ||= 0
min ||= 0
sec ||= 0
usec ||= 0
if year != off_year
off = nil
off = zone_offset(zone, year) if zone
end
if off
year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
force_zone!(t, zone, off)
t
else
self.local(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
end
end
private :make_time
# :startdoc:
#
# Takes a string representation of a Time and attempts to parse it
# using a heuristic.
#
# This method **does not** function as a validator. If the input
# string does not match valid formats strictly, you may get a
# cryptic result. Should consider to use `Time.strptime` instead
# of this method as possible.
#
# require 'time'
#
# Time.parse("2010-10-31") #=> 2010-10-31 00:00:00 -0500
#
# Any missing pieces of the date are inferred based on the current date.
#
# require 'time'
#
# # assuming the current date is "2011-10-31"
# Time.parse("12:00") #=> 2011-10-31 12:00:00 -0500
#
# We can change the date used to infer our missing elements by passing a second
# object that responds to #mon, #day and #year, such as Date, Time or DateTime.
# We can also use our own object.
#
# require 'time'
#
# class MyDate
# attr_reader :mon, :day, :year
#
# def initialize(mon, day, year)
# @mon, @day, @year = mon, day, year
# end
# end
#
# d = Date.parse("2010-10-28")
# t = Time.parse("2010-10-29")
# dt = DateTime.parse("2010-10-30")
# md = MyDate.new(10,31,2010)
#
# Time.parse("12:00", d) #=> 2010-10-28 12:00:00 -0500
# Time.parse("12:00", t) #=> 2010-10-29 12:00:00 -0500
# Time.parse("12:00", dt) #=> 2010-10-30 12:00:00 -0500
# Time.parse("12:00", md) #=> 2010-10-31 12:00:00 -0500
#
# If a block is given, the year described in +date+ is converted
# by the block. This is specifically designed for handling two
# digit years. For example, if you wanted to treat all two digit
# years prior to 70 as the year 2000+ you could write this:
#
# require 'time'
#
# Time.parse("01-10-31") {|year| year + (year < 70 ? 2000 : 1900)}
# #=> 2001-10-31 00:00:00 -0500
# Time.parse("70-10-31") {|year| year + (year < 70 ? 2000 : 1900)}
# #=> 1970-10-31 00:00:00 -0500
#
# If the upper components of the given time are broken or missing, they are
# supplied with those of +now+. For the lower components, the minimum
# values (1 or 0) are assumed if broken or missing. For example:
#
# require 'time'
#
# # Suppose it is "Thu Nov 29 14:33:20 2001" now and
# # your time zone is EST which is GMT-5.
# now = Time.parse("Thu Nov 29 14:33:20 2001")
# Time.parse("16:30", now) #=> 2001-11-29 16:30:00 -0500
# Time.parse("7/23", now) #=> 2001-07-23 00:00:00 -0500
# Time.parse("Aug 31", now) #=> 2001-08-31 00:00:00 -0500
# Time.parse("Aug 2000", now) #=> 2000-08-01 00:00:00 -0500
#
# Since there are numerous conflicts among locally defined time zone
# abbreviations all over the world, this method is not intended to
# understand all of them. For example, the abbreviation "CST" is
# used variously as:
#
# -06:00 in America/Chicago,
# -05:00 in America/Havana,
# +08:00 in Asia/Harbin,
# +09:30 in Australia/Darwin,
# +10:30 in Australia/Adelaide,
# etc.
#
# Based on this fact, this method only understands the time zone
# abbreviations described in RFC 822 and the system time zone, in the
# order named. (i.e. a definition in RFC 822 overrides the system
# time zone definition.) The system time zone is taken from
# <tt>Time.local(year, 1, 1).zone</tt> and
# <tt>Time.local(year, 7, 1).zone</tt>.
# If the extracted time zone abbreviation does not match any of them,
# it is ignored and the given time is regarded as a local time.
#
# ArgumentError is raised if Date._parse cannot extract information from
# +date+ or if the Time class cannot represent specified date.
#
# This method can be used as a fail-safe for other parsing methods as:
#
# Time.rfc2822(date) rescue Time.parse(date)
# Time.httpdate(date) rescue Time.parse(date)
# Time.xmlschema(date) rescue Time.parse(date)
#
# A failure of Time.parse should be checked, though.
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def parse(date, now=self.now)
comp = !block_given?
d = Date._parse(date, comp)
year = d[:year]
year = yield(year) if year && !comp
make_time(date, year, d[:yday], d[:mon], d[:mday], d[:hour], d[:min], d[:sec], d[:sec_fraction], d[:zone], now)
end
#
# Works similar to +parse+ except that instead of using a
# heuristic to detect the format of the input string, you provide
# a second argument that describes the format of the string.
#
# If a block is given, the year described in +date+ is converted by the
# block. For example:
#
# Time.strptime(...) {|y| y < 100 ? (y >= 69 ? y + 1900 : y + 2000) : y}
#
# Below is a list of the formatting options:
#
# %a :: The abbreviated weekday name ("Sun")
# %A :: The full weekday name ("Sunday")
# %b :: The abbreviated month name ("Jan")
# %B :: The full month name ("January")
# %c :: The preferred local date and time representation
# %C :: Century (20 in 2009)
# %d :: Day of the month (01..31)
# %D :: Date (%m/%d/%y)
# %e :: Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)
# %F :: Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format)
# %g :: The last two digits of the commercial year
# %G :: The week-based year according to ISO-8601 (week 1 starts on Monday
# and includes January 4)
# %h :: Equivalent to %b
# %H :: Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)
# %I :: Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)
# %j :: Day of the year (001..366)
# %k :: hour, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)
# %l :: hour, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..12)
# %L :: Millisecond of the second (000..999)
# %m :: Month of the year (01..12)
# %M :: Minute of the hour (00..59)
# %n :: Newline (\n)
# %N :: Fractional seconds digits
# %p :: Meridian indicator ("AM" or "PM")
# %P :: Meridian indicator ("am" or "pm")
# %r :: time, 12-hour (same as %I:%M:%S %p)
# %R :: time, 24-hour (%H:%M)
# %s :: Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
# %S :: Second of the minute (00..60)
# %t :: Tab character (\t)
# %T :: time, 24-hour (%H:%M:%S)
# %u :: Day of the week as a decimal, Monday being 1. (1..7)
# %U :: Week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as
# the first day of the first week (00..53)
# %v :: VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)
# %V :: Week number of year according to ISO 8601 (01..53)
# %W :: Week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday
# as the first day of the first week (00..53)
# %w :: Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
# %x :: Preferred representation for the date alone, no time
# %X :: Preferred representation for the time alone, no date
# %y :: Year without a century (00..99)
# %Y :: Year which may include century, if provided
# %z :: Time zone as hour offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)
# %Z :: Time zone name
# %% :: Literal "%" character
# %+ :: date(1) (%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)
#
# require 'time'
#
# Time.strptime("2000-10-31", "%Y-%m-%d") #=> 2000-10-31 00:00:00 -0500
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def strptime(date, format, now=self.now)
d = Date._strptime(date, format)
raise ArgumentError, "invalid date or strptime format - `#{date}' `#{format}'" unless d
if seconds = d[:seconds]
if sec_fraction = d[:sec_fraction]
usec = sec_fraction * 1000000
usec *= -1 if seconds < 0
else
usec = 0
end
t = Time.at(seconds, usec)
if zone = d[:zone]
force_zone!(t, zone)
end
else
year = d[:year]
year = yield(year) if year && block_given?
yday = d[:yday]
if (d[:cwyear] && !year) || ((d[:cwday] || d[:cweek]) && !(d[:mon] && d[:mday]))
# make_time doesn't deal with cwyear/cwday/cweek
return Date.strptime(date, format).to_time
end
if (d[:wnum0] || d[:wnum1]) && !yday && !(d[:mon] && d[:mday])
yday = Date.strptime(date, format).yday
end
t = make_time(date, year, yday, d[:mon], d[:mday], d[:hour], d[:min], d[:sec], d[:sec_fraction], d[:zone], now)
end
t
end
MonthValue = { # :nodoc:
'JAN' => 1, 'FEB' => 2, 'MAR' => 3, 'APR' => 4, 'MAY' => 5, 'JUN' => 6,
'JUL' => 7, 'AUG' => 8, 'SEP' => 9, 'OCT' =>10, 'NOV' =>11, 'DEC' =>12
}
#
# Parses +date+ as date-time defined by RFC 2822 and converts it to a Time
# object. The format is identical to the date format defined by RFC 822 and
# updated by RFC 1123.
#
# ArgumentError is raised if +date+ is not compliant with RFC 2822
# or if the Time class cannot represent specified date.
#
# See #rfc2822 for more information on this format.
#
# require 'time'
#
# Time.rfc2822("Wed, 05 Oct 2011 22:26:12 -0400")
# #=> 2010-10-05 22:26:12 -0400
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def rfc2822(date)
if /\A\s*
(?:(?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun)\s*,\s*)?
(\d{1,2})\s+
(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\s+
(\d{2,})\s+
(\d{2})\s*
:\s*(\d{2})
(?:\s*:\s*(\d\d))?\s+
([+-]\d{4}|
UT|GMT|EST|EDT|CST|CDT|MST|MDT|PST|PDT|[A-IK-Z])/ix =~ date
# Since RFC 2822 permit comments, the regexp has no right anchor.
day = $1.to_i
mon = MonthValue[$2.upcase]
year = $3.to_i
short_year_p = $3.length <= 3
hour = $4.to_i
min = $5.to_i
sec = $6 ? $6.to_i : 0
zone = $7
if short_year_p
# following year completion is compliant with RFC 2822.
year = if year < 50
2000 + year
else
1900 + year
end
end
off = zone_offset(zone)
year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec)
force_zone!(t, zone, off)
t
else
raise ArgumentError.new("not RFC 2822 compliant date: #{date.inspect}")
end
end
alias rfc822 rfc2822
#
# Parses +date+ as an HTTP-date defined by RFC 2616 and converts it to a
# Time object.
#
# ArgumentError is raised if +date+ is not compliant with RFC 2616 or if
# the Time class cannot represent specified date.
#
# See #httpdate for more information on this format.
#
# require 'time'
#
# Time.httpdate("Thu, 06 Oct 2011 02:26:12 GMT")
# #=> 2011-10-06 02:26:12 UTC
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def httpdate(date)
if date.match?(/\A\s*
(?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun),\x20
(\d{2})\x20
(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\x20
(\d{4})\x20
(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})\x20
GMT
\s*\z/ix)
self.rfc2822(date).utc
elsif /\A\s*
(?:Monday|Tuesday|Wednesday|Thursday|Friday|Saturday|Sunday),\x20
(\d\d)-(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)-(\d\d)\x20
(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)\x20
GMT
\s*\z/ix =~ date
year = $3.to_i
if year < 50
year += 2000
else
year += 1900
end
self.utc(year, $2, $1.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i)
elsif /\A\s*
(?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun)\x20
(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\x20
(\d\d|\x20\d)\x20
(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)\x20
(\d{4})
\s*\z/ix =~ date
self.utc($6.to_i, MonthValue[$1.upcase], $2.to_i,
$3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i)
else
raise ArgumentError.new("not RFC 2616 compliant date: #{date.inspect}")
end
end
#
# Parses +time+ as a dateTime defined by the XML Schema and converts it to
# a Time object. The format is a restricted version of the format defined
# by ISO 8601.
#
# ArgumentError is raised if +time+ is not compliant with the format or if
# the Time class cannot represent the specified time.
#
# See #xmlschema for more information on this format.
#
# require 'time'
#
# Time.xmlschema("2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00")
# #=> 2011-10-05 22:26:12-04:00
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def xmlschema(time)
if /\A\s*
(-?\d+)-(\d\d)-(\d\d)
T
(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)
(\.\d+)?
(Z|[+-]\d\d(?::?\d\d)?)?
\s*\z/ix =~ time
year = $1.to_i
mon = $2.to_i
day = $3.to_i
hour = $4.to_i
min = $5.to_i
sec = $6.to_i
usec = 0
if $7
usec = Rational($7) * 1000000
end
if $8
zone = $8
off = zone_offset(zone)
year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
force_zone!(t, zone, off)
t
else
self.local(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
end
else
raise ArgumentError.new("invalid xmlschema format: #{time.inspect}")
end
end
alias iso8601 xmlschema
end # class << self
#
# Returns a string which represents the time as date-time defined by RFC 2822:
#
# day-of-week, DD month-name CCYY hh:mm:ss zone
#
# where zone is [+-]hhmm.
#
# If +self+ is a UTC time, -0000 is used as zone.
#
# require 'time'
#
# t = Time.now
# t.rfc2822 # => "Wed, 05 Oct 2011 22:26:12 -0400"
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def rfc2822
strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %T ') << (utc? ? '-0000' : strftime('%z'))
end
alias rfc822 rfc2822
#
# Returns a string which represents the time as RFC 1123 date of HTTP-date
# defined by RFC 2616:
#
# day-of-week, DD month-name CCYY hh:mm:ss GMT
#
# Note that the result is always UTC (GMT).
#
# require 'time'
#
# t = Time.now
# t.httpdate # => "Thu, 06 Oct 2011 02:26:12 GMT"
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def httpdate
getutc.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT')
end
#
# Returns a string which represents the time as a dateTime defined by XML
# Schema:
#
# CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD
# CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sssTZD
#
# where TZD is Z or [+-]hh:mm.
#
# If self is a UTC time, Z is used as TZD. [+-]hh:mm is used otherwise.
#
# +fraction_digits+ specifies a number of digits to use for fractional
# seconds. Its default value is 0.
#
# require 'time'
#
# t = Time.now
# t.iso8601 # => "2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00"
#
# You must require 'time' to use this method.
#
def xmlschema(fraction_digits=0)
fraction_digits = fraction_digits.to_i
s = strftime("%FT%T")
if fraction_digits > 0
s << strftime(".%#{fraction_digits}N")
end
s << (utc? ? 'Z' : strftime("%:z"))
end
alias iso8601 xmlschema
end
``` |
KDXT (97.9 FM, "The Ranch") is a radio station licensed to serve Lolo, Montana. The station is licensed to Western Rockies Radio, Inc. It airs a country music format.
The station was assigned the KDXT call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on July 5, 2006.
On May 10, 2011, KDXT changed their format from classic rock to country, branded as "The Ranch".
It was noted that the KDXT call letters formerly belonged to a CHR station in Missoula at 93.3. XT 93 as it then called was the "music FM" It operated as the main CHR station in Missoula before becoming KGGL in 1996, also playing country music.
HD Radio
KDXT airs an adult contemporary format on its HD2 subchannel, branded as "95.3 Star FM" (simulcast on translator K237DZ 95.3 Missoula) and a classic hits format on its HD3 subchannel, branded as "94.3 The Ride" (simulcast on translator K232CI 94.3 Missoula).
Translators
KDXT also broadcasts on the following translators:
Previous logo
References
External links
KDXT official website
Mountain Broadcasting
DXT
Missoula County, Montana
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1996 |
Swæfheard was a king of Kent, reigning jointly with Oswine, Wihtred, and possibly Swæfberht.
Swæfheard's charter dated 1 March 689, in the second year of his reign, identifies his father as Sæbbi, King of Essex (ac consensu patris mei Sebbe regis). He witnessed two charters of Oswine , one of which is dated 27 January 690.
Swæfheard apparently ruled West Kent as a sub king under his father, while Oswine ruled the eastern half. According to Bede, Swæfheard was still reigning jointly with Withred in July 692.
See also
List of monarchs of Kent
Chronology of Kentish Kings
References
External links
Kentish monarchs
7th-century English monarchs |
Jim Panagos (born 1975) is an American football coach who is the defensive tackles coach at the University of Kansas.
Coaching career
Minnesota Vikings
Panagos joined the Minnesota Vikings as an offensive assistant and quality control coach in 2002. His title was defensive quality control coach from 2003–2004. In 2005, he was named assistant defensive line coach and assistant special teams coach.
UCF Knights
Panagos was the defensive line coach at the University of Central Florida from 2007 to 2011.
Rutgers
After leaving UCF, Panagos served as the defensive line coach for Rutgers underneath Kyle Flood from 2012–15.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scarletknights.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/jim_panagos_926458.html |title="/>
Pittsburgh
Panagos spent the 2016 season as a defensive consultant with Pittsburgh
Temple
In January 2017, Panagos was named the defensive line coach for Temple underneath new Temple coach Geoff Collins. Panagos had previously worked with Collins at UCF. During his first season at Temple, Panagos led a defensive line that finished No. 11 in the nation in sacks. Panagos was named a semi-finalist for the Broyles Award, given annually to the nation's top assistant coach.
Minnesota
In 2019, Panagos was the defensive line coach for Minnesota.
Return to Rutgers
On December 14, 2019, it was announced that Jim was leaving Minnesota to return to Rutgers to once again be their defensive line coach.
Kansas
In January of 2022, Panagos joined Lance Leipold's staff at Kansas as the defensive tackles coach.
References
External links
Minnesota profile
1971 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Maryland Terrapins football coaches
Maryland Terrapins football players
Minnesota Golden Gophers football coaches
Minnesota Vikings coaches
Temple Owls football coaches
UCF Knights football coaches
Rutgers Scarlet Knights football coaches
High school football coaches in Florida
Players of American football from Brooklyn |
Mount Bushnell () is a mountain, high, between Mount Durham and Pincer Point in the northwest part of the Tapley Mountains. It was first roughly mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and remapped by the United States Geological Survey, 1960–64. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Vivian C. Bushnell of the American Geographical Society, editor of the Society's Antarctic Map Folio Series.
References
Mountains of the Ross Dependency
Gould Coast |
The Ottawa Jail Hostel is a hostel operated by Saintlo Hostels and located at 75 Nicholas Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The hostel was originally the Carleton County Gaol (jail), more commonly known as the Nicholas Street Gaol or Ottawa Jail. When the jail closed in 1972, Hostelling International purchased and converted the building, but left much of the structure intact, allowing guests to experience spending a night "in jail". The top floor, which had served as the jail's death row, has been restored to much of its original condition and daily tours are conducted.
In 2009, the hostel's bar, Mugshots, was opened to the public. In July 2011, the courtyard space of the former jail was converted into an outdoor bar for the summer months.
As of April 1, 2022 the hostel is no longer affiliated with Hostelling International. The hostel intends to reopen in April 2023 under Saintlo Hostels.
History
The Nicholas Street Gaol was the main jail of Ottawa for over a century. The structure was built in 1862 next door to the courthouse, and connected by a tunnel. Designed by Henry Horsey, the jail was the site of the hanging of Patrick J. Whelan on February 11, 1869, for the assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee. Over 5,000 people witnessed Whelan's hanging, which was a large number considering the size of Ottawa at the time. Staff and guests have reported that Whelan's spirit is one of many that haunts the hostel and will appear at the end of guests' beds or in his death-row cell. The third (official) and final execution at the jail took place on March 27, 1946, when Eugène Larment, who had killed an Ottawa police detective, was hanged. The building remained in use as a jail until 1972 when the outdated facility was closed. The original gallows, however, are intact and remain fully functional. While open, the jail inflicted very inhumane conditions upon those imprisoned there and modern day excavations of the property have revealed numerous unmarked graves. Up to 150 prisoners, consisting of men, women, and children, would be forced to share 60 small cells (1x3 meters) and 30 larger cells (2x3 meters); as well as six solitary confinement units. Inmates included murderers, the mentally ill, or those incarcerated for minor infractions such as drunk and disorderly conduct.
Television
The hostel was featured in the third episode of the Canadian television show The Girly Ghosthunters that aired on Space in 2005. It was also featured on the second episode of the Canadian television show Mystery Hunters in 2002.
See also
List of designated heritage properties in Ottawa
Notes
External links
Ottawa Jail Hostel in photos
1973 establishments in Ontario
Hostels in Canada
Hotels in Ottawa
Defunct prisons in Ontario
Execution sites
Reportedly haunted locations in Ottawa |
Quercus nixoniana is an endangered species of oak tree native to southern Mexico. It is found in humid mountain forests of southwestern Mexico, in the states of Jalisco, Guerrero, and Oaxaca.
Description
Quercus nixoniana is a medium-sized to large tree, growing 20 to 25 meters tall at maturity. Leaves are narrow, lanceolate, and glabrous. Acorns mature within a year.
Range and habitat
Quercus nixoniana has a fragmented distribution in the Sierra Madre del Sur and western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of southwestern Mexico. It is known from four locations – in the eastern Sierra el Cuale and Sierra de Manantlán of southern Jalisco, in the upper basin of the Atoyac River in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, and in the Sierra de Miahuatlán of southern Oaxaca. It has an estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of 40 km2.
The tree is native to cloud forests and humid pine–oak and oak forests between 1,300 and 2,300 meters elevation. Associated trees include Carpinus tropicalis and species of Meliosma, Sloanea, Symplocos, Styrax and Tilia.
Conservation and threats
Quercus nixoniana has a limited range, with four widely separated populations. It is threatened by habitat loss from logging, including illegal logging, and conversion of forests to agriculture. Stands of Q. nixoniana were selectively logged in the Sierra de Manantlán during the 1960s. Much of the Sierra de Manantlán is now a biosphere reserve, but the other populations are outside protected areas.
References
nixoniana
Flora of the Sierra Madre del Sur
Flora of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Trees of Guerrero
Trees of Jalisco
Trees of Oaxaca
Endemic oaks of Mexico
Cloud forest flora of Mexico |
Royal Australian Air Force is the aerial warfare branch of the Australian Defence Force.
RAAF may also refer to:
Roswell Army Air Field, later Walker Air Force Base
Royal Auxiliary Air Force
Royal Auxiliary Air Force (Police)
, Polish organization
See also
Raaff |
This is a list of the bird species recorded in the British Virgin Islands. The avifauna of the British Virgin Islands included a total of 209 species, according to
Bird Checklists of the World as of June 2023. Of them, seven have been introduced by humans and 116 are rare or accidental. Three species have been extirpated.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories of occurrence.
(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in the British Virgin Islands
(I) Introduced - a species introduced directly to the British Virgin Islands or elsewhere in the New World
(Ex) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in the British Virgin Islands although populations exist elsewhere
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
West Indian whistling-duck, Dendrocygna arborea (A)
Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (A)
Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors
Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata (A)
American wigeon, Mareca americana
White-cheeked pintail, Anas bahamensis
Northern pintail, Anas acuta (A)
Green-winged teal, Anas crecca (A)
Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris (A)
Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis (A)
Masked duck, Nomonyx dominicus (A)
Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis
Guineafowl
Order: GalliformesFamily: Numididae
Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.
Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris (I)
Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls, and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
Red junglefowl, Gallus gallus (I)
Flamingos
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
American flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber
Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Least grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus (A)
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (A)
Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
Scaly-naped pigeon, Patagioenas squamosa
White-crowned pigeon, Patagioenas leucocephala
Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto (I)
Common ground dove, Columbina passerina
Ruddy quail-dove, Geotrygon montana (A)
Bridled quail-dove, Geotrygon mystacea
White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica
Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita
Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (A)
Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunner,s and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.
Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus (A)
Mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor
Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (A)
Antillean nighthawk, Chordeiles gundlachii
Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis (A)
Swifts
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Black swift, Cypseloides niger (A)
Hummingbirds
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Puerto Rican mango, Anthracothorax aurulentus (Ex)
Green-throated carib, Eulampis holosericeus
Antillean crested hummingbird, Orthorhyncus cristatus
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Clapper rail, Rallus crepitans
Sora, Porzana carolina (A)
Spotted crake, Porzana porzana (A)
Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
American coot, Fulica americana
Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinica (A)
Stilts and avocets
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus
Plovers and lapwings
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (A)
Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
Piping plover, Charadrius melodus (A)
Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia
Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus
Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda (A)
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus (A)
Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa (A)
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
Red knot, Calidris canutus (A)
Ruff, Calidris pugnax (A)
Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
Sanderling, Calidris alba (A)
Dunlin, Calidris alpina (A)
Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii (A)
Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri (A)
Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus
Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus (A)
Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata (A)
Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia
Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria (A)
Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
Willet, Tringa semipalmata
Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus (A)
Skuas and jaegers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
Great skua, Stercorarius skua (A)
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (A)
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus (A)
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (A)
Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla
Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis (A)
Herring gull, Larus argentatus (A)
Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (A)
Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus (A)
Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscata
Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
Least tern, Sternula antillarum
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica (A)
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia (A)
Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
Common tern, Sterna hirundo (A)
Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri (A)
Royal tern, Thalasseus maxima
Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
Black skimmer, Rynchops niger (A)
Tropicbirds
Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus
Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus
Southern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)
Northern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous (A)
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata (A)
Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis (A)
Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri
Frigatebirds
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens
Boobies and gannets
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Masked booby, Sula dactylatra (A)
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)
Cormorants and shags
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colourful.
Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum (A)
Neotropic cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum (A)
Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (A)
Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis
Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus (A)
Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis (A)
Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
Great egret, Ardea alba
Little egret, Egretta garzetta (A)
Western reef-heron, Egretta gularis (A)
Snowy egret, Egretta thula
Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea
Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor
Reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (A)
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
Green heron, Butorides virescens
Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (A)
Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
Scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber (I) (not established)
Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja (A)
Osprey
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius (A)
Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus (A)
Black kite, Milvus migrans (A)
Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus (A)
Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Puerto Rican owl, Gymnasio nudipes (Ex)
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus (A)
Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon
Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Puerto Rican woodpecker, Melanerpes portoricensis (Ex)
Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius (A)
Falcons and caracaras
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
American kestrel, Falco sparverius
Merlin, Falco columbarius (A)
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus (A)
New World and African parrots
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
Brown-throated parakeet, Eupsittula pertinax (A)
White-winged parakeet, Brotogeris versicolurus (A)
Tyrant flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain colouring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
Caribbean elaenia, Elaenia martinica
Puerto Rican flycatcher, Myiarchus antillarum
Gray kingbird, Tyrannus dominicensis
Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble New World warblers apart from their heavier bills.
White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus (A)
Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons (A)
Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus (A)
Black-whiskered vireo, Vireo altiloquus
Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (A)
Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis (A)
Caribbean martin, Progne dominicensis
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (A)
Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva (A)
Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their colouring tends towards dull-greys and browns.
Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (A)
Pearly-eyed thrasher, Margarops fuscatus
Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos
Thrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus (A)
Bicknell's thrush, Catharus bicknelli (A)
Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
Waxbills and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (I) (A)
Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
Spindalises
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Spindalidae
The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017.
Puerto Rican spindalis, Spindalis portoricensis (A)
Troupials and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (A)
Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula (A)
Shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis (A)
Greater Antillean grackle, Quiscalus niger (A)
New World warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla
Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorus (A)
Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla (A)
Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera (A)
Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera (A)
Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia (A)
Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea (A)
Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla (A)
Connecticut warbler, Oporornis agilis (A)
Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosus (A)
Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas (A)
Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina (A)
American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina
Northern parula, Setophaga americana
Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia (A)
Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea (A)
Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca (A)
Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica (A)
Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata
Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens (A)
Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum (A)
Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata (A)
Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica (A)
Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor
Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens (A)
Cardinals and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
Summer tanager, Piranga rubra (A)
Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea (A)
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus (A)
Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea (A)
Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
Tanagers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly coloured. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.
Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola
Lesser Antillean bullfinch, Loxigilla noctis
Black-faced grassquit, Melanospiza bicolor
See also
List of birds
Lists of birds by region
References
British Virgin Islands
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