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The Dark Jewel Classic is a Scone Race Club Group 3 Thoroughbred quality handicap horse race for fillies and mares, over a distance of 1400 metres, held at Scone Racecourse in Scone, New South Wales, Australia in May. Total prize money for the race is A$200,000.
History
The race is named after the mare Dark Jewel, who is considered one of the most prodigious post World War II Australian broodmares. She had eleven foals of which five were Group race winners (Baguette, Betelgeuse, Birthright, Cabochon and Heirloom).
The race is held in Scone, New South Wales in the Hunter Valley which is world renowned for the horse breeding farms in the area. The 2020 event was held at Rosehill Racecourse due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Grade
1999–2013 - Listed Race
2014 onwards - Group 3
Venue
1999–2019 - Scone Racecourse
2020 - Rosehill Racecourse
Winners
2023 - More Prophets
2022 - Bring The Ransom
2021 - Rocha Clock
2020 - Irithea
2019 - Con Te Partiro
2018 - Siren's Fury
2017 - Daysee Doom
2016 - Danish Twist
2015 - Divertire
2014 - Seaside
2013 - Arctic Flight
2012 - Upon This Rock
2011 - Shannara
2010 - So Anyway
2009 - Rio Osa
2008 - Sung
2007 - Rosa’s Spur
2006 - Really Flying
2005 - Kosta Nothin'
2004 - Romare
2003 - Chuckle
2002 - Hot Riff
2001 - Nanny Maroon
2000 - Stella Marie
1999 - Little Pattie
1998 - Amber
1997 - Timeless Winds
1996 - Tripping
See also
List of Australian Group races
Group races
References
Horse races in Australia
Sprint category horse races for fillies and mares |
Orcas Island () is the largest of the San Juan Islands of the Pacific Northwest, in northwestern Washington, United States.
History and naming of the island
The name "Orcas" is a shortened form of Horcasitas, from Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo, the Viceroy of New Spain who sent an exploration expedition under Francisco de Eliza to the Pacific Northwest in 1791. During the voyage, Eliza explored part of the San Juan Islands. He did not apply the name Orcas specifically to Orcas Island, but rather to part of the archipelago. In 1847, Henry Kellett assigned the name to Orcas Island during his reorganization of the British Admiralty charts. Kellett's work eliminated the patriotically American names that Charles Wilkes had given to many features of the San Juans during the Wilkes Expedition of 1838–1842. Wilkes had named Orcas Island "Hull Island" after Commodore Isaac Hull. Other features of Orcas Island Wilkes named include "Ironsides Inlet" for East Sound and "Guerrier Bay" for West Sound. One of the names Wilkes gave remains: Mount Constitution. Wilkes's names follow a pattern: Hull was the commander of "Old Ironsides" (the ) and won fame after capturing the British warship HMS Guerriere in the War of 1812. The islands were first claimed by Spain, then by Britain, who agreed that everything below the 49th parallel was part of the US, in the treaty signed after the War of 1812. The Oregon territory, which then included Washington state and this island, was used jointly by the US and Britain until 1848, but border disputes specifically concerning the San Juan Islands, including the Pig War (1859), were not settled until 1871. The similarity to the name of the orca, which is popularly associated with coastal Washington state, is coincidental.
Geography
With an area of and a population of 6000 (2020 census), Orcas Island is slightly larger, but less populous, than neighboring San Juan Island. It is shaped like a pair of saddlebags, separated by fjord-like Eastsound, and two prominent bays, Westsound and Deer Harbor, on the southwest side. At the island's northern end is the village of Eastsound, the largest population center on Orcas and the second largest in San Juan County.
Other, smaller hamlets on the island include Orcas Landing (where the inter-island/mainland ferry lands), West Sound (with Eastsound addresses), Deer Harbor, Rosario (with Eastsound addresses), Olga and Doe Bay. A number of former settlements no longer exist, which were mostly built up around the lime kiln and fruit growing industries.
Island access
The state supports island access through the Washington State Ferries system. In addition, the island can be accessed through a variety of air, seaplane and sea charter services. Private watercraft can use public docks located near the villages around the island, and various public shoreline access points. During the summer season, there is an island shuttle van that runs from the ferry landing to Eastsound and other points.
Museums and media
The Orcas Island Historical Museum is located down town Eastsound and is the only object-based, interpretive heritage facility for the island, with a permanent collection containing approximately 6000 objects, paper documents and photographs.
Crow Valley School Museum is a one-room school house built in 1888, open by appoint only.
Orcas Island is also home to three historic camps: Camp Orkila, Four Winds Westward Ho and Camp Indralaya.
The Islands' Sounder, originally named the Orcas Sounder, is a weekly newspaper published in Eastsound since 1964.
Public services
The Orcas Island School District operates three schools on a single campus: Orcas Island Elementary School housed in the island's historic Nellie S. Milton school building; Orcas Island Middle School; and Orcas Island High School. All of the island's public schools are located in Eastsound.
The Orcas Island Public Library is located in Eastsound and serves a population of approximately 6,000 card holders. The Orcas Island Library District is a junior-taxing district that funds the Orcas Island Public Library's operating budget through property taxes. The annual Library Fair sells books donated by Orcas Island residents and visitors, the proceeds of which are donated back to the Library's operating budget.
In 2018 Orcas Island Voters approved the creation of San Juan County Public Hospital District #3 (OIHCD) and later elected five Commissioners to the board. OIHCD funds local health care services ensuring care services to locals.
Parks
Village Green
The Village Green is located in the center of Eastsound village. The Village Green, with an expansive lawn and shade trees, picnic tables and outdoor performance stage, is the site of community gatherings, music performances, and the weekly farmer’s market.
Buck Park
Buck Park is located just north of the school on Mt. Baker Road. The park includes a world-class skateboard park, tennis courts, pickleball courts, baseball/softball and ultimate frisbee fields, soccer pitch, sand volleyball court, a fenced dog off-leash area, a new state-of-the-art running track, and the hub to a network of running trails and walking paths through the Eastsound area.
Moran State Park
Mount Constitution (elevation is the highest point in the San Juan islands. The mountain is part of Moran State Park, the largest public recreation area in the San Juan Islands, and the largest State Park in Washington. Moran State Park encompasses over of woodland and has several lakes, including Cascade Lake, Mountain Lake, Summit Lake, and Twin Lakes, and numerous waterfalls.
Obstruction Pass State Park
Obstruction Pass State Park is an 76-acre park with access to more than a mile of public saltwater shoreline on the south end of Orcas Island, south of Moran State Park.
Madrona Point
Madrona Point is a traditional burial ground which was controversially sold by the Cemetery Association in 1890. In 1989, the site was purchased out of private ownership for $2.2 million from the Department of the Interior and returned to the Lummi Nation. The tribe agreed to manage the property as an open space open to individuals and groups under a memorandum of understanding with San Juan County. However, the Lummi Nation closed the site in 2007 citing disrespect to the land.
In popular culture
The 2011 Film Your Sister's Sister starring Emily Blunt was partially filmed on Orcas Island.
The 2017 video game What Remains of Edith Finch takes place on Orcas Island.
The 2022 Netflix Original film Lou takes place on Orcas Island.
References
External links
Moran State Park on Orcas Island
Deer Harbor
Orcas Island Chamber of Commerce (Orcas Island)
Orcas Island Heritage
Orcas Island Historical Museum
Orcas Island
Orcas Today
Orcas Island Film Festival
San Juan Islands |
Akçavakıf is a village in the Çankırı District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 334 (2021).
References
Villages in Çankırı District |
Keysville may refer to a location in the United States:
Keysville, California, former name of Keyesville, California
Keysville, Florida
Keysville, Georgia
Keysville, Missouri
Keysville, Maryland
Keysville, Virginia |
Allée des Acacias, in the Bois de Boulogne is a gouache on card painting by French artist Roger de La Fresnaye, from 1908. It depicts a car on a strete in the Bois de Boulogne. It is held in the Musée Carnavalet, in Paris. It was once used on a poster promoting cars made by the painter's brother.
References
1908 paintings
Paintings by Roger de La Fresnaye
Paintings in the Musée Carnavalet |
"The Zeppo" is episode thirteen of season three of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It was written by Dan Vebber, directed by James Whitmore, Jr., and first broadcast on The WB on January 26, 1999. Feeling left out by the gang, Xander ends up accompanying a student named Jack O'Toole. Meanwhile, the rest of the gang are trying to stop an apocalypse.
Plot
Xander helps out the gang with another demon vanquishing, but Buffy worries about his safety and asks him to stay out of the fighting, upsetting him.
When a student throws him a football, Xander drops it onto Jack O'Toole's lunch, resulting in Jack threatening to beat him up. Cordelia, having witnessed the event, tells Xander he is useless and extraneous, since all of his friends are slayers, werewolves, witches, and watchers, while he is nothing. Meanwhile, Giles informs Buffy that the end of the world is near. The Sisterhood of Jhe, a group of fierce demons, is planning to reopen the Hellmouth.
Xander gets himself a car in the hope it will make him useful and cool, but accidentally rear-ends Jack, who is sitting in a parked car. Jack threatens Xander with a knife, but when a cop shows up, Xander covers for Jack and gains his respect. They go to get the rest of Jack's friends who, being dead, need to be raised from their graves.
Buffy, Willow and Giles are researching in the library. Giles leaves to contact some spirits and hopefully get their help with stopping the sisterhood.
Xander takes Jack and his group of friends to get supplies. He spots Willow leaving the magic shop and tries to talk to her; she tells him that she loves him before hurrying off to help Buffy. When Jack and friends try to initiate Xander into their group, he flees. He rescues Faith from a member of the sisterhood by hitting it with his car, then they go to Faith's motel room where she seduces him. Afterwards, she kicks him out, clothes in hand.
Meanwhile, back at the library, Willow and Giles struggle to get Oz (in werewolf form) away from the Hellmouth. They sedate him and lock him in the basement.
Xander realizes that Jack and his group have built a bomb. He seeks help from Buffy, but she is too busy having an emotional encounter with Angel. On his way to see Giles to warn him, Xander sees Jack's zombie group and drags one of them with his car until he confesses the location of the bomb. Xander finds the bomb in the school basement and vanquishes three of Jack's zombie minions, but Jack shows up and they fight. Xander positions himself between Jack and the exit door so that Jack has no hope of escaping before the bomb explodes. Jack defuses the bomb with seconds to spare and turns to leave, swearing revenge. He opens the door, releasing Oz, who immediately attacks and eats him. Meanwhile, at the library, Buffy, Angel, Faith, Giles and Willow fight off a giant multi-headed monster and the members of the Sisterhood of Jhe before successfully closing the Hellmouth.
The next day, the bruised Buffy, Willow, Giles, and Oz sit at a table discussing how they saved the world from destruction. Oz finds himself oddly disgusted by his appetite after waking up. Xander, not knowing anything of their battle and vice versa, comes by to chat with them. After a few seconds of talk, Xander decides to keep his harrowing night-long adventure to himself (aware that his friends will never believe such a story, no matter how he tells it). As he walks away, Cordelia once again taunts him over being left out of the group, but Xander merely smiles and walks by... quietly secure and confident in his place in the world and realizing that with or without Buffy, he can survive on his own.
Production details
Dan Vebber wrote two scripts for the show: "Lovers Walk" and "The Zeppo". Although there are earlier episodes where Xander is central to the plot (e.g. "The Pack"), this episode is unusual in that the story is largely told from Xander's point of view. The world-saving activities of the main cast are portrayed as secondary until the plot lines eventually converge.
Reception and influence
Noel Murray of The A.V. Club wrote that "The Zeppo" had become a favorite episode of his, saying, "What I loved about 'The Zeppo' is how Xander's feelings of abandonment pervade the structure of the episode, which is filled with moments that are (intentionally) dramatically unsatisfying." In Entertainment Weekly list of the 25 best Whedonverse episodes—including episodes from Buffy, as well as Angel, Firefly and Dollhouse—"The Zeppo" placed at No. 23. TV Squad's Keith McDuffee listed "The Zeppo" as the fifth best episode of the series. The episode was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Makeup in a Series.
The episode has proved influential on later television writers. In his "Production Notes: Doodles in the Margins of Time", Doctor Who executive producer Russell T Davies said that he was inspired by "The Zeppo", along with the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Lower Decks", when writing the 2006 "Doctor-lite" episode "Love & Monsters", which started an annual tradition for an episode with little involvement of the lead cast. Joss Whedon himself cites it as influential to his later series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
References
External links
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 3) episodes
1999 American television episodes
Television episodes about zombies
Television episodes about bullying
Television episodes about gangs |
```rust
use std::fmt;
/// Enumeration of HTTP status classes.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum StatusClass {
/// Indicates a provisional response: a status code of 1XX.
Informational,
/// Indicates that a request has succeeded: a status code of 2XX.
Success,
/// Indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in
/// order to fulfill the request: a status code of 3XX.
Redirection,
/// Intended for cases in which the client seems to have erred: a status
/// code of 4XX.
ClientError,
/// Indicates cases in which the server is aware that it has erred or is
/// incapable of performing the request: a status code of 5XX.
ServerError,
/// Indicates that the status code is nonstandard and unknown: all other
/// status codes.
Unknown
}
macro_rules! class_check_fn {
($func:ident, $type:expr, $variant:ident) => (
/// Returns `true` if `self` is a `StatusClass` of
#[doc=$type]
/// Returns `false` otherwise.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn $func(&self) -> bool {
*self == StatusClass::$variant
}
)
}
impl StatusClass {
class_check_fn!(is_informational, "`Informational` (1XX).", Informational);
class_check_fn!(is_success, "`Success` (2XX).", Success);
class_check_fn!(is_redirection, "`Redirection` (3XX).", Redirection);
class_check_fn!(is_client_error, "`ClientError` (4XX).", ClientError);
class_check_fn!(is_server_error, "`ServerError` (5XX).", ServerError);
class_check_fn!(is_unknown, "`Unknown`.", Unknown);
}
/// Structure representing an HTTP status: an integer code.
///
/// A `Status` should rarely be created directly. Instead, an associated
/// constant should be used; one is declared for every status defined in the
/// HTTP standard. If a custom status code _must_ be created, note that it is
/// not possible to set a custom reason phrase.
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// // Create a status from a known constant.
/// let ok = Status::Ok;
/// assert_eq!(ok.code, 200);
/// assert_eq!(ok.reason(), Some("OK"));
///
/// let not_found = Status::NotFound;
/// assert_eq!(not_found.code, 404);
/// assert_eq!(not_found.reason(), Some("Not Found"));
///
/// // Or from a status code: `reason()` returns the phrase when known.
/// let gone = Status::new(410);
/// assert_eq!(gone.code, 410);
/// assert_eq!(gone.reason(), Some("Gone"));
///
/// // `reason()` returns `None` when unknown.
/// let custom = Status::new(599);
/// assert_eq!(custom.code, 599);
/// assert_eq!(custom.reason(), None);
/// ```
///
/// # Responding
///
/// To set a custom `Status` on a response, use a [`response::status`]
/// responder, which enforces correct status-based responses. Alternatively,
/// respond with `(Status, T)` where `T: Responder`, but beware that the
/// response may be invalid if it requires additional headers.
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// # use rocket::get;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// #[get("/")]
/// fn index() -> (Status, &'static str) {
/// (Status::NotFound, "Hey, there's no index!")
/// }
/// ```
///
/// [`response::status`]: ../response/status/index.html
///
/// # (De)serialization
///
/// `Status` is both `Serialize` and `Deserialize`, represented as a `u16`. For
/// example, [`Status::Ok`] (de)serializes from/to `200`. Any integer in the
/// range `[100, 600)` is allowed to deserialize into a `Status`.`
///
/// ```rust
/// # #[cfg(feature = "serde")] mod serde_impl {
/// # use serde as serde;
/// use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
/// # #[serde(crate = "serde")]
/// struct Foo {
/// status: Status,
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct Status {
/// The HTTP status code associated with this status.
pub code: u16,
}
impl Default for Status {
fn default() -> Self {
Status::Ok
}
}
macro_rules! ctrs {
($($code:expr, $code_str:expr, $name:ident => $reason:expr),+) => {
$(
#[doc="[`Status`] with code <b>"]
#[doc=$code_str]
#[doc="</b>."]
#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
pub const $name: Status = Status { code: $code };
)+
/// Creates a new `Status` with `code`. This should be used _only_ to
/// construct non-standard HTTP statuses. Use an associated constant for
/// standard statuses.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Create a custom `299` status:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// let custom = Status::new(299);
/// assert_eq!(custom.code, 299);
/// ```
pub const fn new(code: u16) -> Status {
Status { code }
}
/// Returns the class of a given status.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::{Status, StatusClass};
///
/// let processing = Status::Processing;
/// assert_eq!(processing.class(), StatusClass::Informational);
///
/// let ok = Status::Ok;
/// assert_eq!(ok.class(), StatusClass::Success);
///
/// let see_other = Status::SeeOther;
/// assert_eq!(see_other.class(), StatusClass::Redirection);
///
/// let not_found = Status::NotFound;
/// assert_eq!(not_found.class(), StatusClass::ClientError);
///
/// let internal_error = Status::InternalServerError;
/// assert_eq!(internal_error.class(), StatusClass::ServerError);
///
/// let custom = Status::new(600);
/// assert_eq!(custom.class(), StatusClass::Unknown);
/// ```
pub const fn class(self) -> StatusClass {
match self.code / 100 {
1 => StatusClass::Informational,
2 => StatusClass::Success,
3 => StatusClass::Redirection,
4 => StatusClass::ClientError,
5 => StatusClass::ServerError,
_ => StatusClass::Unknown
}
}
/// Returns a Status given a standard status code `code`. If `code` is
/// not a known status code, `None` is returned.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Create a `Status` from a known `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// let not_found = Status::from_code(404);
/// assert_eq!(not_found, Some(Status::NotFound));
/// ```
///
/// Create a `Status` from an unknown `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// let unknown = Status::from_code(600);
/// assert!(unknown.is_none());
/// ```
pub const fn from_code(code: u16) -> Option<Status> {
match code {
$($code => Some(Status::$name),)+
_ => None
}
}
/// Returns the canonical reason phrase if `self` corresponds to a
/// canonical, known status code. Otherwise, returns `None`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Reason phrase from a known `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// assert_eq!(Status::Created.reason(), Some("Created"));
/// assert_eq!(Status::new(200).reason(), Some("OK"));
/// ```
///
/// Absent phrase from an unknown `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// assert_eq!(Status::new(499).reason(), None);
/// ```
pub const fn reason(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
match self.code {
$($code => Some($reason),)+
_ => None
}
}
/// Returns the canonical reason phrase if `self` corresponds to a
/// canonical, known status code, or an unspecified but relevant reason
/// phrase otherwise.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// assert_eq!(Status::NotFound.reason_lossy(), "Not Found");
/// assert_eq!(Status::new(100).reason_lossy(), "Continue");
/// assert!(!Status::new(699).reason_lossy().is_empty());
/// ```
pub const fn reason_lossy(&self) -> &'static str {
if let Some(lossless) = self.reason() {
return lossless;
}
match self.class() {
StatusClass::Informational => "Informational",
StatusClass::Success => "Success",
StatusClass::Redirection => "Redirection",
StatusClass::ClientError => "Client Error",
StatusClass::ServerError => "Server Error",
StatusClass::Unknown => "Unknown"
}
}
};
}
impl Status {
ctrs! {
100, "100", Continue => "Continue",
101, "101", SwitchingProtocols => "Switching Protocols",
102, "102", Processing => "Processing",
200, "200", Ok => "OK",
201, "201", Created => "Created",
202, "202", Accepted => "Accepted",
203, "203", NonAuthoritativeInformation => "Non-Authoritative Information",
204, "204", NoContent => "No Content",
205, "205", ResetContent => "Reset Content",
206, "206", PartialContent => "Partial Content",
207, "207", MultiStatus => "Multi-Status",
208, "208", AlreadyReported => "Already Reported",
226, "226", ImUsed => "IM Used",
300, "300", MultipleChoices => "Multiple Choices",
301, "301", MovedPermanently => "Moved Permanently",
302, "302", Found => "Found",
303, "303", SeeOther => "See Other",
304, "304", NotModified => "Not Modified",
305, "305", UseProxy => "Use Proxy",
307, "307", TemporaryRedirect => "Temporary Redirect",
308, "308", PermanentRedirect => "Permanent Redirect",
400, "400", BadRequest => "Bad Request",
401, "401", Unauthorized => "Unauthorized",
402, "402", PaymentRequired => "Payment Required",
403, "403", Forbidden => "Forbidden",
404, "404", NotFound => "Not Found",
405, "405", MethodNotAllowed => "Method Not Allowed",
406, "406", NotAcceptable => "Not Acceptable",
407, "407", ProxyAuthenticationRequired => "Proxy Authentication Required",
408, "408", RequestTimeout => "Request Timeout",
409, "409", Conflict => "Conflict",
410, "410", Gone => "Gone",
411, "411", LengthRequired => "Length Required",
412, "412", PreconditionFailed => "Precondition Failed",
413, "413", PayloadTooLarge => "Payload Too Large",
414, "414", UriTooLong => "URI Too Long",
415, "415", UnsupportedMediaType => "Unsupported Media Type",
416, "416", RangeNotSatisfiable => "Range Not Satisfiable",
417, "417", ExpectationFailed => "Expectation Failed",
418, "418", ImATeapot => "I'm a teapot",
421, "421", MisdirectedRequest => "Misdirected Request",
422, "422", UnprocessableEntity => "Unprocessable Entity",
423, "423", Locked => "Locked",
424, "424", FailedDependency => "Failed Dependency",
426, "426", UpgradeRequired => "Upgrade Required",
428, "428", PreconditionRequired => "Precondition Required",
429, "429", TooManyRequests => "Too Many Requests",
431, "431", RequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge => "Request Header Fields Too Large",
451, "451", UnavailableForLegalReasons => "Unavailable For Legal Reasons",
500, "500", InternalServerError => "Internal Server Error",
501, "501", NotImplemented => "Not Implemented",
502, "502", BadGateway => "Bad Gateway",
503, "503", ServiceUnavailable => "Service Unavailable",
504, "504", GatewayTimeout => "Gateway Timeout",
505, "505", HttpVersionNotSupported => "HTTP Version Not Supported",
506, "506", VariantAlsoNegotiates => "Variant Also Negotiates",
507, "507", InsufficientStorage => "Insufficient Storage",
508, "508", LoopDetected => "Loop Detected",
510, "510", NotExtended => "Not Extended",
511, "511", NetworkAuthenticationRequired => "Network Authentication Required"
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Status {
#[inline(always)]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{} {}", self.code, self.reason_lossy())
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
mod serde_impl {
use super::*;
use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer};
use serde::de::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Error, Visitor, Unexpected};
impl Serialize for Status {
fn serialize<S: Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
serializer.serialize_u16(self.code)
}
}
struct DeVisitor;
impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for DeVisitor {
type Value = Status;
fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(formatter, "HTTP status code integer in range [100, 600)")
}
fn visit_i64<E: Error>(self, v: i64) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
if v < 100 || v >= 600 {
return Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Signed(v), &self));
}
Ok(Status::new(v as u16))
}
fn visit_u64<E: Error>(self, v: u64) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
if v < 100 || v >= 600 {
return Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Unsigned(v), &self));
}
Ok(Status::new(v as u16))
}
}
impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Status {
fn deserialize<D: Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
deserializer.deserialize_u16(DeVisitor)
}
}
}
``` |
The Sandown Cobras Football Netball Club is an Australian rules football and netball club located in Springvale, Victoria. Sandown currently plays in the Southern Football Netball League.
History
The "Sandown Football Club" was formed in 1961 when local identities had a meeting at 44 Grace St, North Springvale at the home of Alby Schmidt. Present at that meeting with Alby were Alec Felton, Fred Esdaile (who became its first president), Carlie Coates, Alan Smith, Ron Currie, Alan Stevens, David Leatham, Laurie Matheson, Jack Milnes and Roger Page. They decided that a local team was needed by the youth of the area and made an application to the Caulfield & Oakleigh Football League for the admission of a team for 1962.
Managed by Fred Dinnie, Sandown won its first senior premiership (Division 2) in 1967. The premiership team as selected, was: B: Wal Foley, Peter Camilleri, Ron Sheedy; HB: Robin Crewther, Rex Atkinson, Merv Williams; C: Cliff Atkinson, Ross Tucker, Vic Faoro; HF: Trevor Schmidt, Ken Wells, Rick Allsop; F: Harry Gunther, Bert Zelinskis, John Pascoe; Foll: Ross Manniche, Grant McAndlish, Brenden Milnes; Inter: Don Clarke, Graeme Dawes
Coached by Alan Roberts, Sandown won its second premiership title in 1972.
The club merged with South Waverley Juniors FC in 1984, therefore it renamed to "South Waverley–Sandown FC". The club played the Eastern District Football League's Division 4 Grand Final v. Lillydale in 1987, winning 18.15 (123) – 14.7 (91).
In 1996 the club changed its name to "South Waverley–Sandown Southern Cobras FC", using the nickname Cobras for the first time as an official name. South Waverley–Sandown won the 1997 EDFL Grand Final v. the Waverley Amateurs by 16.14 (110) – 8.15 (63). The club went into recess in 1999, returning to the Southern league in 2001.
The last name changing came in 2005 when the club identified itself as "Sandown Cobras FC".
Local legend, Jesse Tregea, was a prominent icon in the Cobra family. His football prowess can only be match by his ability to simp over any woman who takes a small interest in him. But within all his accomplishments there's a glaring red mark. With the game on the line in finals, a failed tackle letting an opposition player get loose and kicking the winning goal and thus be known as the reason why Cobras ressies never made a grand final and he's never pulled on the boots since. But don't let that deter you from the great specimen of a man 'JT' is, he is a good friend.
Senior Premierships
Southern Football League:
Second Division (2): 1967, 1972
References
External links
Official website
Southern Football League (Victoria)
Australian rules football clubs established in 1962
1962 establishments in Australia
Sport in the City of Greater Dandenong |
Huérfanos Street is an east-west street in downtown Santiago, Chile. The word huérfanos is Spanish for orphans and the street is so named because an orphanage that was built here in 1758.
Description
Huérfanos Street's eastern end originates west of Santa Lucía Hill. The segment between Mac Iver and Teatinos streets is pedestrianized. Many banks, stores and cinemas operate on this segment. It is also home to the headquarters of Codelco and the Constitutional Court of Chile, which occupies the Ex Caja de Crédito Hipotecario building. At the center of this segment, Huérfanos and Paseo Ahumada form a busy pedestrian intersection.
Palacio Pereira is located at the corner of Huérfanos and San Martín Street. A block west of the palace, the street is interrupted by the east branch of the Autopista Central, however a cable-stayed footbridge gives to Huérfanos some level of continuity.
Going westward, the street is first part of the Barrio Brasil and then part of the Barrio Yungay. At the southeastern corner of Huérfanos and Almirante Barroso Street is the Basílica del Salvador. From Brasil Avenue to Maturana Street, Huérfanos borders Plaza Brasil.
Many blocks west of Brasil Avenue, Huérfanos marks the southern border of some quaint streets and alleys. A skyway that is part of the San Juan de Dios Hospital passes over the street before being interrupted by the Quinta Normal Park.
References
External links
Streets in Chile
Tourist attractions in Santiago, Chile |
Girolamo d'Andrea (1812–1868) was an Italian Cardinal. He was born at Naples, educated at the Collège of La Flèche, France, and was early appointed Archbishop of Mytilene in partibus infidelium.
Biography
In 1852 he was appointed Cardinal-abbot of Subiaco, and Prefect of the Congregation of the Index, and in 1860 Bishop of Sabina.
He took sides with the Patriotic party in 1859 on the question of the national unity of Italy, and at the same time counseled extensive liberal reforms in Church policy. He was suspended from his diocese and abbacy and threatened with permanent deposition from office. He ultimately submitted, and in 1868 was rehabilitated, without, however, being restored to his diocese and the abbacy of Subiaco.
References
19th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Pius IX
Cardinal-bishops of Sabina
1812 births
1868 deaths |
Nilva Records was a jazz record label in Geneva, Switzerland established by drummer Alvin Queen. The name is an anagram of Queen's first name.
History
Queen ran Nilva for ten years, then stopped during the 1990s when there were complications with distribution. Inspired by the "Blue Note sound", he began recording in the early 1980s at Minot Studios in White Plains, New York. The first album released was Alvin Queen in Europe (1981). This was followed by Ashanti and albums by Charles Davis, Ray Drummond, Junior Mance, and Bill Saxton.
Discography
NQ 3401: Alvin Queen – In Europe (1980)
NQ 3402: Alvin Queen – Ashanti (1981)
NQ 3403: Alvin Queen – Glidin' and Stridin' (1982)
NQ 3404: Khaliq Al-Rouf & Salaam – Elephant Trot Dance (1979)
NQ 3405: Junior Mance & Martin Rivera – The Tender Touch (1983)
NQ 3406: John Patton – Soul Connection (1983)
NQ 3407: Alvin Queen & Dusko Goykovich – A Day in Holland (1983)
NQ 3408: Bill Saxton – Beneath the Surface (1984)
NQ 3409: Ray Drummond – Susanita (1984)
NQ 3410: Charles Davis – Super 80 (1984)
NQ 3411: Bob Cunningham – Walking Bass (1985)
NQ 3412: John Collins – The Incredible John Collins (1985)
NQ 3413: Alvin Queen – Jammin' Uptown (1985)
NQ 3414: Ronnie Mathews – So Sorry Please (1985)
NQ 3415: Ray Drummond – Maya's Dance (1989)
NQ 3416: Edmund J. Wood – Immanent Domain (1985)
NQ 3417: Piano Seven (Thierry Lang) – Live! (1988)
NQ 3418: Raymond Court – Beautiful Friendship (1988)
NQ 3419: John Hicks & Elise Wood – Luminous (1988)
NQ 3420: Moncef Genoud – Waiting for Birth (1989)
NQ 3421: Alvin Queen – I'm Back (1992)
References
External links
Discogs
Jazz record labels
Swiss record labels
Record labels established in 1980 |
Alexander (, Alek'sandre) or Eskandar-Mirza () ( – 27 September 1711) was a Georgian prince royal (batonishvili) of the Bagratid House of Mukhrani of Kartli. He was killed fighting in the Safavid Iranian ranks against the Afghan rebels.
Biography
According to the 18th-century historian and Alexander's close relative Prince Vakhushti, Alexander was a son of Prince Luarsab, son of King Vakhtang V of Kartli (Shah Nawaz Khan). Alternatively, based on the account of Sekhnia Chkheidze, a contemporary historian and a companion of the Georgian royals to Iran, Alexander is considered by the historians Marie-Félicité Brosset and Cyril Toumanoff to have been a son of Levan of Kartli (Shah Quli Khan), Vakhtang V's another son.
At that time, the Kingdom of Kartli was under the Safavid vassalage and several Georgian royals occupied important positions in the Iranian military. So did Alexander, who served as a lieutenant to his uncle George XI (Gurgin Khan), a commander-in-chief of the Safavid armies, first in Kerman and then in Afghanistan, where an anti-Iranian rebellion of the Pashtun and Baloch tribes was in progress. The rebel leader Mir Wais Hotak capitalized on the absence of the Georgian troops under Alexander on a raid into a recalcitrant tribal area, murdered Gurgin Khan in Kandahar and took control of that city in April 1709. The detachment under Alexander was able to fight its way back to Iran through Khorasan. In 1711, the Safavid government dispatched yet another Georgian royal, Kaikhosro of Kartli (Kay Khusraw Khan), at the head of a new army, in which Alexander commanded a 2,000-strong Georgian contingent. This army besieged the rebels in Kandahar, but the Afghans resisted successfully. Alexander was killed during the siege and Kaikhosro fell on his disastrous retreat from Kandahar. The same fate would befall on another member of Alexander's family, Rostom (Rustam Khan), in 1722.
References
1680s births
1711 deaths
House of Mukhrani (royal line)
Georgian princes
Safavid generals
Iranian people of Georgian descent
17th-century people from Georgia (country)
18th-century people from Georgia (country)
17th-century people from Safavid Iran
18th-century people from Safavid Iran |
Iris Silva Tang Sing (born August 21, 1990) is a taekwondo competitor from Brazil. She won bronze medals at the world championships and at the Pan American Games in 2015, and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 49 kg division.
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Brazilian female taekwondo practitioners
Taekwondo practitioners at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Taekwondo practitioners at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic taekwondo practitioners for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in taekwondo
South American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in taekwondo
Competitors at the 2014 South American Games
World Taekwondo Championships medalists
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
21st-century Brazilian women |
The Karachi American School (KAS) (), formerly known as Karachi American Society School, is a preschool to Grade 13 day school located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
History
The school was founded in 1952 as Karachi American Society School with funding from the U.S. Government.
Formerly, it was known as the International School of Karachi. It is considered an elite school of Karachi.
In August 2017, the school expanded its offerings and founded a college called Karachi American College.
Alumni
Yasin Anwar
Fatima Bhutto
Fauzia Kasuri
Mir Ibrahim Rahman
Tina Sani
See also
Americans in Pakistan
VonHayat School
References
External links
Official Site
American international schools in Pakistan
International schools in Karachi
Private schools in Pakistan
1952 establishments in Pakistan |
Kampen Zuid is a railway station in the Netherlands, located on the Lelystad–Zwolle railway, also known as the Hanzelijn. The station is located in the south of Kampen, Overijssel.
The station opened on 9 December 2012, with there being 2 platforms and 2 tracks. InterCity trains from The Hague and to and pass through the station on the middle tracks.
Earlier station
Between 1 October 1913 and 15 May 1934 there also was a station called Kampen Zuid. This was at the end of the Kampen–Hattem railway line, which connected with the Zwolle–Apeldoorn railway line in Hattem.
Train services
, the following train services call at this station:
2× per hour local Sprinter service from The Hague to Leiden, Amsterdam, Almere, Lelystad, and Zwolle
Bus services
11. Kampen Zuid Station to Flevowijk, Hagenbroek, and Kampen Station
12. Kampen Zuid Station to Bovenbroek, and Kampen Station
See also
Kampen railway station
External links
NS website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner
Railway stations on the Hanzelijn
Railway stations in Overijssel
Railway stations opened in 1913
Railway stations closed in 1934
Railway stations opened in 2012
Kampen, Overijssel
1913 establishments in the Netherlands
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 2010s
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1910s |
Tom Neville (born 25 September 1975) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick County constituency from 2016 to 2020.
He had been a member of Limerick County Council from 2003 to 2009 and from 2014 to 2016. His father is the former Fine Gael TD Dan Neville.
He lost his seat at the 2020 general election. He unsuccessfully contested the 2020 Seanad election.
Neville is also an actor and stand-up comedian.
References
External links
Living people
Members of the 32nd Dáil
Fine Gael TDs
Local councillors in County Limerick
1975 births |
This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in Kentucky. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are women who achieved other distinctions such becoming the first in their state to graduate from law school or become a political figure.
Firsts in Kentucky's history
Lawyers
First female: Sophonisba Breckinridge (1895)
First African American female: Sallie J. Seals White (1904)
First African American female prosecutor: Alberta O. Jones (1959)
State judges
First female: Kathleen Mulligan in 1928
First female (Kentucky Court of Appeals): Judy Moberly West in 1987
First African American female: Janice R. Martin (1977) in 1991
First female elected (Kentucky Supreme Court): Janet Stumbo in 1993
First female to sit (Kentucky Supreme Court): Sara Walter Combs (1979) in 1993
First female (Sixth Judicial District): Lisa Ann Payne in 2001
First female (Chief Judge; Kentucky Court of Appeals): Sara Walter Combs (1979) from 2004-2010
First African American female (Kentucky Court of Appeals): Denise G. Clayton in 2007
First female (Forty-Third Judicial Circuit): Traci Peppers in 2014
First female (Nineteenth Judicial District Court): Kim Leet Razor in 2018
First female (Third Supreme Court District of the Supreme Court of Kentucky): Debra Hembree Lambert in 2019
First African American female (circuit court): Denise G. Clayton
First Latino American female: Ellie Kerstetter in 2020
First openly lesbian female (family court): Shelley Santry in 2022
First African American (female) (Chief Judge; Kentucky Court of Appeals): Denise G. Clayton in 2023
Federal judges
First female (Eastern District of Kentucky): Julia Kurtz Tackett
First female (U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky; U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky: Jennifer B. Coffman (1978) in 1993
Assistant Attorney General
First female: Blanche Mackey in 1943
Firsts in local history
Traci Peppers: First female to serve on the Forty-Third Judicial Circuit in Kentucky (Barren and Metcalfe Counties, Kentucky; 2014)
Kim Leet Razor: First female to serve on the Nineteenth Judicial District Court in Kentucky (2018) [Bracken, Fleming, and Mason Counties, Kentucky]
Julia Fields: First female to serve as a Judge of the District Court in the Oldham-Trimble-Henry County District, Kentucky (1983)
Betty Springate (1979): First female lawyer in Anderson County, Kentucky
Martha Agnes (Gunn) Howle: First female magistrate in Ballard County, Kentucky
Lynne Pierce Dean: First female to serve as the County Attorney for Boyle County, Kentucky (2017)
Tina Teegarden: First female judge-executive in Bracken County, Kentucky (2018)
Rebecca Sue Ward (1986): First female judge in Bullitt County, Kentucky (1999)
Lisa Ann Payne: First female to serve on the Sixth Judicial District in Kentucky (2001) [Daviess County, Kentucky]
Julia Kurtz Tackett: First female Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney in Fayette County, Kentucky (c. 1974)
Margaret Kannensohn: First female to serve as the County Attorney for Fayette County, Kentucky (c. 1995)
Cassie J. Patrick Allen: First female member of the Floyd County Bar Association, Kentucky
Phyllis Sharon Bowles (1985): First female admitted to the Hart County Bar Association in Kentucky
Denise G. Clayton: First African American female to serve as a circuit judge in Jefferson County, Kentucky
Shelley Santry: First openly lesbian female to serve as a Judge of the Jefferson Family Court (2022)
Yvette De La Guardia: First Latino American female elected as a District Judge in Jefferson County (2022)
Rebecca Westerfield: First female to serve as President of the Louisville Bar Association [Jefferson County, Kentucky]
Ruth Long Wells: First female attorney in Johnson County, Kentucky (1928). Ms. Wells was admitted to the Kentucky Bar in 1928 and was a member of the law firm of Wells & Wells (currently Porter, Banks, Baldwin & Shaw, PLLC) in Paintsville, Kentucky.
Judy Moberly West: First female to serve on the Kenton County District Court in Kentucky (1980)
Durenda Lundy Lawson: First female judge in Knox County, Kentucky (2006)
Fredora P. Lay: First female to serve as the County Attorney for Laurel County, Kentucky (1969)
Sue Carol Browning: First female judge in Logan County, Kentucky
Melissa Fannin Phelps: First female to serve as the County Attorney for Martin County, Kentucky (2018)
Nancy C. Doty: First female elected as a Judge of the Oldham County Fiscal Court (1981-1988)
Flora Templeton Stuart (c. 1976): First female lawyer to try a case before a jury in Bowling Green, Kentucky [Warren County, Kentucky]
Amy Hale Milliken: First female to serve as the County Attorney for Warren County, Kentucky (2004)
See also
List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
Other topics of interest
List of first minority male lawyers and judges in the United States
List of first minority male lawyers and judges in Kentucky
References
Lawyers, Kentucky, first
Kentucky, first
Women, Kentucky, first
Women, Kentucky, first
Women in Kentucky
Lists of people from Kentucky
Kentucky lawyers
Lists of first women lawyers and judges |
The Worth–Jefferis Rural Historic District is a national historic district that is located in East Bradford Township and West Bradford Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
History and architectural features
This district encompasses forty-two contributing buildings and five contributing sites that are located in rural Chester County. It includes a variety of vernacular stone farmhouses, Pennsylvania bank barns, and farm outbuildings.
Notable properties include the Georgia Farm (1740), the Glen-Worth Farm, the Barr Farm, the Lucky Hill Farm, the Blue Rock Farm, the Allerton Farm, the Barry Farm, and the Sarah Baldwin Farm. Also located within the district is the separately listed Carter-Worth House and Farm.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
References
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Historic districts in Chester County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Chester County, Pennsylvania |
Oliver Partridge (1712-1792) was a military commander, politician and early American patriot. He represented Massachusetts at the Albany Congress of 1754, and at the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 where he supported resistance to the British Stamp Act in the events leading up to the American Revolution.
Life
Family
Partridge was born in Hatfield, Massachusetts to a family of English colonial officers and magistrates. He was a member of the Dudley-Winthrop Family, known for their involvement in colonial politics. He was a great-grandson of Massachusetts Royal Governor Simon Bradstreet and a great-great-grandson of Massachusetts Governor and Harvard founder Thomas Dudley. He was the only son of Colonel Edward Partridge, and grandson of Colonel Samuel Partridge. His grandson, Edward Partridge (1793 – 1840), was an early convert to the Latter Day Saints and the church's first Presiding Bishop. His great-grandson Edward Partridge Jr. was a member of the Utah Legislature and the Utah Constitutional Convention of 1895 which ratified Utah statehood.
Education and early offices
His commanding position among the "River Gods" or ruling families of Western New England is reflected in his ranking 2nd in his Yale class of 1730 at a time when Harvard and Yale graduates were ranked according to their family's social standing. Oliver's uncle, Col. Elisha Williams, of the influential Williams clan that later founded Williams College, was the president of Yale College during Partridge's student years there, reading law and surveying. Col. Williams went on to serve as a judge on Connecticut's Supreme Court. In 1734 Partridge married Anna Williams, the daughter of the Reverend William Williams of Weston and was appointed joint Clerk of the Court of Hampshire County. He also served as a selectman of Hatfield almost every year from 1731 to 1774 and again in 1780–81; a representative in the Massachusetts General Court 1741, 1761, and 1765–1767; and High Sheriff of Hampshire County from 1741–1743.
Later offices and the Revolution
In June 1744, at the outbreak of King George's War, he was appointed to a committee of 3 by Massachusetts Governor William Shirley (along with John Leonard and his cousin John Stoddard) to oversee the construction of a line of military forts along the western frontier of the Colonies to defend against the French. In 1754 he represented Massachusetts in the first American Congress which was convened at Albany, New York. Congress ultimately passed Benjamin Franklin’s plan for colonial union. Upon his return to Massachusetts from New York he was commissioned a Colonel and succeeded his uncle Israel Williams in command of Britain's provincial forces on the Western frontier. In 1765 with Samuel Adams, James Otis Jr. and Timothy Ruggles, he was called to represent Massachusetts at the Stamp Act Congress in New York, which resulted in the first official American opposition to British policy. Partridge signed the Declaration of Rights and Grievances to HM King George III and Parliament in which the American Congress respectfully explained their reasons for their opposition to the Act. The Declaration emphasized the colonists' rights as natural born Englishmen with all of the rights and liberties pertaining thereto including the right to trial by jury and representation in matters of taxation. The Stamp Act Congress and its Declaration of Rights eventually resulted in the Stamp Act's repeal in March 1766. It also led the colonists to focus on the idea of constitutional limitations on parliamentary authority, a concept that contributed to the American Revolution. While Partridge was in favor of Benjamin Franklin's proposed colonial union (later the United States) and publicly defended the colonists' English liberties, when he later received a letter from revolutionary leaders in Boston in 1775 as to whether he would take up arms against the mother country he replied that he feared such action might bring the country more harm than good. As matters progressed he reconciled himself to the inevitability of separation from the Britain, and resumed his legal duties as an American patriot. Such was the respect in which he was held by his countrymen that his revolutionary neighbors in the meantime did not molest his person or property during the American Revolutionary War, and in 1780 and 1781 he was again appointed selectman for Hatfield, Massachusetts. His descendants remained active in America politics. His son William Partridge supported the career of his brother-in-law the Hon. Barnabas Bidwell who clerked under his cousin the Hon. Theodore Sedgwick (former Speaker of the House in the George Washington administration) and was elected a Massachusetts Congressman, Senator, Attorney General and U.S. Congressman and administration spokesman for President Thomas Jefferson. Oliver Partridge's great granddaughter Emily Partridge married Utah Governor Brigham Young of the Richards-Young family and his great great grandson Edward Partridge Jr. was a Utah representative and delegate to the Utah Constitutional Convention of 1895.
Epitaph
He died at Hadley. His epitaph states that "His usefulness in church and state was early known to men; Blest with an active life, till late, and happy in his end."
See also
Franklin Bowditch Dexter, Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College October, 1701 - May, 1745, New York Henry Holt & Co., 1885
Michael Coe, The Line of Forts, Historical Archaeology on the Colonial Frontier of Massachusetts University Press of New England, 2006
Richard Melvoin, New England Outpost: War & Society in Colonial Deerfield, 1988
Lucretia Lyman Ranney, My Children's American Ancestry, Published Privately 1959
1712 births
1792 deaths
People from Hatfield, Massachusetts |
On 2 July 2021, a number of managed service providers (MSPs) and their customers became victims of a ransomware attack perpetrated by the REvil group, causing widespread downtime for over 1,000 companies. The attack was carried out by exploiting a vulnerability in VSA (Virtual System Administrator), a remote monitoring and management software package developed by Kaseya.
Timeline and impact
Researchers of the Dutch Institute for Vulnerability Disclosure identified the first vulnerabilities in the software on April 1. They warned Kaseya and worked together with company experts to solve four of the seven reported vulnerabilities. Despite the efforts, Kaseya could not patch all the bugs in time.
The source of the outbreak was identified within hours to be Kaseya's VSA software package. An authentication bypass vulnerability in the software allowed attackers to compromise VSA and distribute a malicious payload through hosts managed by the software, amplifying the reach of the attack. In response, the company shut down its VSA cloud and SaaS servers and issued a security advisory to any customers, including those with on-premises deployments of VSA.
Initial reports of companies affected by the incident include Norwegian financial software developer Visma, who manages some systems for Swedish supermarket chain Coop. The supermarket chain had to close down its 800 stores for almost a week, some in small villages without any other food shop. They did not pay ransom, but rebuilt their systems from scratch after waiting for an update from Kaseya.
The REvil ransomware gang officially took credit for the attack and claimed to have encrypted more than one million systems during the incident. They initially asked for a $70 million ransom payment to release a universal decryptor to unlock all affected systems. On July 5, Kaseya said that between 800 and 1,500 downstream businesses were impacted in the attack.
Marcus Hutchins criticized the assessment that the impact of the Kaseya attack was larger than WannaCry, citing difficulties in measuring the exact impact.
After a 9 July 2021 phone call between United States president Joe Biden and Russian president Vladimir Putin, Biden told the press, "I made it very clear to him that the United States expects when a ransomware operation is coming from his soil even though it’s not sponsored by the state, we expect them to act if we give them enough information to act on who that is." Biden later added that the United States would take the group's servers down if Putin did not.
On 13 July 2021, REvil websites and other infrastructure vanished from the internet.
On 23 July 2021, Kaseya announced it had received a universal decryptor tool for the REvil-encrypted files from an unnamed "trusted third party" and was helping victims restore their files.
On 8 November 2021, the United States Department of Justice unsealed indictments against Ukrainian national Yaroslav Vasinskyi and Russian national Yevgeniy Polyanin. Vasinskyi was charged with conducting ransomware attacks against multiple victims including Kaseya, and was arrested in Poland on 8 October. Polyanin was charged with conducting ransomware attacks against multiple victims including Texas businesses and government entities. The Department worked with the National Police of Ukraine for the charges, and also announced the seizure of $6.1 million tied to ransomware payments. If convicted on all charges, Vasinskyi faces a maximum penalty of 115 years in prison, and Polyanin 145 years in prison.
References
2021 in computing |
Sanguine is a red pigment.
Sanguine may also refer to:
Sanguine, a personality type, one of the four temperaments
Sanguine (band), an alt-metal band
Sanguine (heraldry), a tincture in heraldry
Sanguine (transmitter), an antenna of the US Navy
Sanguine, a fruit, type of blood orange
HMS Sanguine (P266), a submarine
Project Sanguine, a research project for radio communication with submarines
See also
5081 Sanguin |
The Frauenfeld–Wil railway is a railway line in Switzerland, which connects the town of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, to the town of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen, following the valley of the Murg river. The Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn (FWB) opened the line in 1887 and operated it until 2021, when that company merged into Appenzell Railways. The line is included in Tarifverbund Ostwind, and operates as service S15 of the St. Gallen S-Bahn.
Plans to build an interurban tramway between Frauenfeld and Wil were first made in the early 1850s. The rail line opened in 1887, and was electrified in 1921. Around 1.25 million passengers use the line every year.
Locals call the train "Wilerbähnli" or "Wiler Bähnli".
Operation
Trains run every 30 minutes as S15 service of St. Gallen S-Bahn, requiring 3 trains in operation at once, with trains crossing at the stations of Matzingen and Schweizerhof.
In 2011 the railway company ordered five new ABe4/8 low floor trains from Stadler Rail, to replace the old trains. However, there are plans for a 15 minutes interval in future and therefore some of the old trains will be retained. The first train was delivered in March 2013 and was tested for 3 months. It went into regular service on 26 June 2013. FWB closed the station at Murkart in 2018 in order to maintain connections with long-distance trains at Frauenfeld.
Route
– –
Frauenfeld
(stops only on request)
(stops only on request)
(stops only on request)
(stops only on request)
Wängi
(stops only on request)
(stops only on request)
Wil SG
Freight traffic
Freight trains ran on the line from 1907 until the early 2000s. This included transporter wagons from 1977 onwards.
References
Further reading
External links
fw-bahn.ch Official Website
125 Jahre Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn - Geschichte und Zukunft der Regionalbahn
Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn buys five new Stadler vehicles Stadler Media Release, June 30, 2011
bahnweb.ch bahnweb.ch
Frauenfeld
Metre gauge railways in Switzerland
Railway lines in Switzerland
Railway lines opened in 1887
Transport in the canton of St. Gallen
Transport in Thurgau |
The Craney Island Light was a screwpile lighthouse located just east of Craney Island at the mouth of the Elizabeth River in Virginia. This light replaced the first permanently stationed lightship in the United States.
History
Craney Island forms the west side of the entrance to Norfolk's harbor and has been used as a military facility since the War of 1812. In 1820 a lightship was stationed off its eastern side to protect the edge of the channel. This ship had previously been stationed off Willoughby's Shoal, but was quickly moved after it was determined that the first location was too exposed. This was the first permanent lightship station in the country; it was replaced in 1859 by the first of two screw-pile lights, a square house which survived until 1884. In that year the decrepit structure was replaced with a new hexagonal house, which in turn was removed in 1936, to be replaced by an automated light on the old foundation. In the early 1970s the light was completely removed and replaced by a buoy. Although not a historical name for the ship or station, a lightship named Portsmouth commemorates the first lightship at Craney Island at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum in Portsmouth, Virginia.
References
Craney Island Light, from the Chesapeake Chapter of the United States Lighthouse Society
Lighthouses in Virginia
Lighthouses completed in 1859
1859 establishments in Virginia
1936 disestablishments in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Portsmouth, Virginia
Hexagonal buildings
Lighthouses in the Chesapeake Bay
Buildings and structures demolished in 1936
Lighthouses completed in 1884 |
Kansas's at-large congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a defunct congressional district. It existed from statehood January 29, 1861 to March 4, 1907.
List of members representing the district
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
At-large United States congressional districts
Former congressional districts of the United States
At-large
1861 establishments in Kansas |
Kozły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Supraśl, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
References
Villages in Białystok County |
Bhai Pratap () (April 14, 1908 – August 30, 1967), was an Indian businessman, philanthropist and freedom fighter, best remembered as the founder of the city of Gandhidham-Adipur to resettle refugees from Sindh after the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan in August 1947.
Pratap Moolchand Dialdas was born in Hyderabad, Bombay Presidency, British India on 14 April 1908 into an affluent family. Bhai Pratap was widely travelled and had established his businesses in India as well as internationally. His ethnic as well as international taste is reflected amply in Pratab Mahal, which also had a huge library with books from around the world. After the partition of India, he left along with his family for Bombay, India, and established a city for the displaced Sindhi Hindus. Actually it was two twin cities that he founded one next to the other by the names of Gandhidham and Adipur, as well as the Kandla Port, in Kutch.
Bhai Pratap died at the age of 59 in London on August 30, 1967. His body was brought to Adipur and cremated in the Nat Mandir compound where his samadhi was built adjacent to the Gandhi Samadhi.
Gallery
References
Sindhu Resettlement Corporation, about Bhai Pratap *
The tale of a neighboring state: The entrepreneurial Gujarat
1908 births
1967 deaths
People from Hyderabad, Sindh
Sindhi people
Businesspeople from Gujarat
20th-century Indian philanthropists
Sindhi Hindus |
In music theory, the spiral array model is an extended type of pitch space. A mathematical model involving concentric helices (an "array of spirals"), it represents human perceptions of pitches, chords, and keys in the same geometric space. It was proposed in 2000 by Elaine Chew in her MIT doctoral thesis Toward a Mathematical Model of Tonality. Further research by Chew and others have produced modifications of the spiral array model, and, applied it to various problems in music theory and practice, such as key finding (symbolic and audio), pitch spelling, tonal segmentation, similarity assessment, and musical humor. The extensions and applications are described in Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Tonality: Theory and Applications.
The spiral array model can be viewed as a generalized tonnetz, which maps pitches into a two-dimensional lattice (array) structure. The spiral array wraps up the two-dimensional tonnetz into a three-dimensional lattice, and models higher order structures such as chords and keys in the interior of the lattice space. This allows the spiral array model to produce geometric interpretations of relationships between low- and high-level structures. For example, it is possible to model and measure geometrically the distance between a particular pitch and a particular key, both represented as points in the spiral array space. To preserve pitch spelling, because musically A# ≠ Bb in their function and usage, the spiral array does not assume enharmonic equivalence, i.e. it does not fold into a torus. The spatial relationships between pitches, between chords, and between keys agree with those in other representations of tonal space.
The model and its real-time algorithms have been implemented in the tonal visualization software MuSA.RT (Music on the Spiral Array . Real-Time) and a free app, MuSA_RT, both of which have been used in music education videos and in live performance.
Structure of the spiral array
The model as proposed covers basic pitches, major chords, minor chords, major keys and minor keys, represented on five concentric helices. Starting with a formulation of the pitch helix, inner helices are generated as convex combinations of points on outer ones. For example, the pitches C, E, and G are represented as the Cartesian points P(0), P(1), and P(4) (see definitions in next section), which outline a triangle. The convex combination of these three points is a point inside the triangle, and represents their center of effect (ce). This interior point, CM(0), represents the C major chord in the spiral array model. Similarly, keys may be constructed by the centers of effect of their I, IV, and V chords.
The outer helix represents pitches classes. Neighboring pitch classes are a music interval of a perfect fifth, and spatially a quarter rotation, apart. The order of the pitch classes can be determined by the line of fifths. For example, C would be followed by G (C and G are a perfect fifth apart), which would be followed D (G and D are a perfect fifth apart), etc. As a result of this structure, and one of the important properties leading to its selection, vertical neighbors are a music interval of a major third apart. Thus, a pitch class's nearest neighbors and itself form perfect fifth and major third intervals.
By taking every consecutive triads along the helix, and connecting their centers of effect, a second helix is formed inside the pitch helix, representing the major chords.
Similarly, by taking the proper minor triads and connecting their centers of effect, a third helix is formed, representing the minor chords.
The major key helix is formed by the centers of effect of the centers of effect of the I, IV, and V chords
The minor key helix is formed by connecting similar combinations of the i, iv/IV, and V/v chords.
Equations for pitch, chord, and key representations
In Chew's model, the pitch class helix, P, is represented in parametric form by:
where k is an integer representing the pitch's distance from C along the line of fifths, r is the radius of the spiral, and h is the "rise" of the spiral.
The major chord helix, CM is represented by:
where and .
The weights "w" affect how close the center of effect are to the fundamental, major third, and perfect fifth of the chord. By changing the relative values of these weights, the spiral array model controls how "close" the resulting chord is to the three constituent pitches. Generally in western music, the fundamental is given the greatest weight in identifying the chord (w1), followed by the fifth (w2), followed by the third (w3).
The minor chord helix, Cm is represented by:
where and
The weights "u" function similarly to the major chord.
The major key helix, TM is represented by:
where and .
Similar to the weights controlling how close constituent pitches are to the center of effect of the chord they produce, the weights control the relative effect of the I, IV, and V chord in determining how close they are to the resultant key.
The minor key helix, Tm is represented by:
where and and and .
References
Further reading
, a free Mac App implementing and animating the spiral array model for MIDI input.
Pitch space
Music theory
Music cognition
Music psychology |
Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council [1940] 1 KB 532, the "deckchair case", is an English contract law case on offer and acceptance and exclusion clauses. It stands for the proposition that a display of goods can be an offer and a whole offer, rather than an invitation to treat, and serves as an example for how onerous exclusion clauses can be deemed to not be incorporated in a contract.
Facts
David Chapelton went to a beach with his friend, Miss Andrews, at Cold Knap, a district of Barry in south Wales. There was a pile of deckchairs. A notice next to them said,
It also said tickets should be obtained from attendants. Mr Chapelton took two chairs from an attendant, paid the money and received two tickets. He put them in his pocket. On the tickets was written,
When Mr Chapelton sat on the chair it gave way, the canvas tearing from the top of the chair. He was injured. The county court judge held the council would have been negligent but that liability was exempted by the ticket. Mr Chapelton appealed.
Judgment
The Court of Appeal upheld Mr Chapelton's claim, overturning the judgment at first instance; it held that there was a valid offer when the chairs were on display, accepted when picked up the chairs from the defendant. Therefore, the ticket was merely a receipt of the contract, and the exclusion clause could not be incorporated as a term, because it was too late. Slesser LJ read the facts and gave his judgment first.
See also
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd.
Notes
English incorporation case law
English unfair terms case law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
1940 in British law
1940 in case law
Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
20th century in Glamorgan |
Vilana is a white Greek wine grape variety. Vilana may also refer to
Vilana Udagama, a village in Sri Lanka
Vilana Pallegama, a village in Sri Lanka
Vilana (surname) |
Cooper v. Aaron, 358 U.S. 1 (1958), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that denied the school board of Little Rock, Arkansas the right to delay racial desegregation for 30months. On September12, 1958, the Warren Court delivered a decision that held that the states are bound by the Court's decisions and must enforce them even if the states disagree with them, asserting the judicial supremacy established in Marbury v. Madison (1803). The decision in this case upheld the rulings in Brown v. Board of Education and Brown II that had held that the doctrine of separate but equal was unconstitutional.
Background of the case
In the wake of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the school district of Little Rock, Arkansas formulated a plan to desegregate its schools. Meanwhile, other school districts in the state opposed the Supreme Court's rulings and did not make any attempts to desegregate their schools. The Arkansas state legislature amended the state constitution to oppose desegregation and then passed a law relieving children from mandatory attendance at integrated schools. During this time the school board of Little Rock still continued with desegregation.
However, on February 20, 1958, five months after the integration crisis involving the Little Rock Nine, members of the Little Rock school board (along with the Superintendent of Schools) filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, seeking to suspend their plan for desegregation. They alleged that public hostility to desegregation along with opposition by Governor Orval Faubus and the state legislature created "chaos, bedlam and turmoil". The relief the plaintiffs requested was for the African-American children to be returned to segregated schools and for the implementation of the desegregation plan to be postponed until January 1961. The district court granted the school board's request, but the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed that decision after the NAACP, represented by Thurgood Marshall, appealed. Prior to the Eighth Circuit's decision, the Supreme Court had denied the defendants' request to decide the case without waiting for the appeals court to deliberate on the case. Once the appeals court handed down their decision in favor of the defendants, the school board appealed to the Supreme Court, which met in a rare special session to hear arguments.
The court's decision
In a joint opinion authored by all nine Justices (the only instance of that occurring on record), but primarily drafted by Justice Brennan, the Court noted that the school board had acted in good faith, asserting that most of the problems stemmed from the official opposition of the Arkansas state government to racial integration. Nonetheless, it was constitutionally impermissible under the Equal Protection Clause to maintain law and order by depriving the black students of their equal rights under the law.
More importantly, the Court held that since the Supremacy Clause of Article VI made the US Constitution the supreme law of the land and Marbury v. Madison (1803) made the Supreme Court the final interpreter of the Constitution, the precedent set forth in Brown v. Board of Education is the supreme law of the land and is therefore binding on all the states, regardless of any state laws contradicting it. The Court therefore rejected the contention that the Arkansas legislature and Governor were not bound by the Brown decision. The Supreme Court also rejected the doctrines of nullification and interposition in this case, which had been invoked by segregationists. Segregation supporters argued that the states have the power to nullify federal laws or court rulings that they believe to be unconstitutional and the states could use this power to nullify the Brown decision. The Arkansas laws that attempted to prevent desegregation were Arkansas' effort to nullify the Brown decision. The Supreme Court held that the Brown decision "can neither be nullified openly and directly by state legislators or state executive or judicial officers nor nullified indirectly by them through evasive schemes for segregation." Thus, Cooper v. Aaron held that state attempts to nullify federal law are ineffective.
Moreover, since public officials are required to swear an oath to uphold the Constitution (as per Article VI, Clause 3), the officials who ignored the supremacy of the Court's precedent in the Brown case violated their oaths. Cooper also maintained that even though education is the responsibility of the state government, that responsibility must be carried out in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Constitution, particularly the Fourteenth Amendment.
Critical response
Despite all nine Justices signing the opinion, Justice Frankfurter published a separate, concurring, opinion. He was, however, dissuaded from announcing it the same day as the main opinion by Justices Brennan and Black, who felt a unanimous decision would emphasize how strongly the Court felt about the issue. Frankfurter's opinion did not directly contradict the majority opinion, but it did reemphasize the importance of judicial supremacy and expressed disdain for the Arkansas State Legislature's actions.
Some legal scholars criticized the Court's rationale in Cooper. Perhaps the most famous criticism of the case was that of former US Attorney General Edwin Meese, in a law review article entitled The Law of the Constitution. There, Meese accused the Court of taking too much power for itself by setting itself up as the sole institution responsible for the interpretation of the Constitution. He wrote that while judicial interpretation of the Constitution binds the parties of the case, it should not establish a supreme law of the land that must be accepted by all persons.
See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 358
Notes
Sources
Farber, Daniel A.; Eskridge, William N., Jr.; Frickey, Philip P. Constitutional Law: Themes for the Constitution's Third Century. Thomson-West Publishing, 2003.
Hall, Kermit L. ed. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005.
Freyer, Tony A. Little Rock on Trial: Cooper v. Aaron and School Desegregation. Lawrence (KS), 2007.
External links
Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: Aaron v. Cooper
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
Supremacy Clause case law
United States racial desegregation case law
1958 in United States case law
Nullification (U.S. Constitution)
Legal history of Arkansas
Civil rights movement case law
Education in Little Rock, Arkansas
Thurgood Marshall
United States Supreme Court per curiam opinions |
Der Bialistoker Shtern (, ) was a Yiddish-language newspaper published in Bialystok during the period of Soviet rule 1939–1941. It was the sole Jewish newspaper published in the territories of the Second Polish Republic incorporated in 1939 into the Byelorussian SSR (referred to as Western Belorussia or Western Belarus) during this period, and the editorial board of the newspaper became a hub for the Jewish intelligentsia of the city and attracted Jewish refugee writers displaced by the German occupation of Poland. The contents of the newspaper were predominantly translations of Soviet press materials and party editorials, and Jewish-related content to large extent restricted to attacks on Jewish religion and Jewish political parties. The spellings in the newspaper diverged from standard Soviet orthography. Publication of the newspaper was discontinued as Germany attacked the Soviet Union.
Founding
The newspaper began publishing in October 1939. It was an organ of the City and District Committees of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Byelorussia and the City and District Executive Committees of Soviets. The party leaderhip in Minsk had approached , a non-party Jewish writer, regarding publishing a Yiddish newspaper in Bialystok. Akselrod managed to locate , a Jewish communist cadre who had recently been released from Polish prison in Brest, asking him to join the effort for the launch of the newspaper. The former printing house of Undzer Lebn ('Our Life') was taken over by Der Bialistoker Shtern to serve as its office. Following the Soviet capture of Bialystok, a period in which the city received large number of Jewish refugees from Poland, the newspaper played a key role as a significant population could not read and write in any other language than Yiddish. Apart from the short-lived Lvov-based Der Royter Shtern publication ('The Red Star', published for a few weeks in June 1941), Der Bialistoker Shtern was the sole Jewish newspaper in the territories of former eastern Poland. In spite of limited circulation numbers, the newspaper became the mouthpiece towards entire Jewish popualtion in former eastern Poland.
During the Soviet period in Bialystok 1939–1941 the city also had a Russian language and a Polish language daily, these two dailies were almost identical in content whilst Der Bialistoker Shtern had a distinct character. The Minsk newspaper Oktyabr ('October') and the Kiev newspaper Der Shtern (´The Star') were also distributed in the Bialystok region. The newspaper was initially published daily, but frequency was later reduced.
Editors and contributors
Technically Der Bialistoker Shtern was a continuation of the newspaper Undzer Lebn, which had been founded by in 1918. In Bialystok Akselrod and Smolar approached the former members of the Undzer Lebn editorial board, offering them posts as correspondents for the new publication. The former Undzer Lebn editorial board members that joined Der Bialistoker Shtern included Aaron Berezinsky, the poet Mendel Goldman and the journalist Asher Zinowitz, among others. Kaplan, who was barred from joining the editorial board of Der Bialistoker Shtern due to his Zionist leanings, was allowed to contribute to the newspaper under a pen name and his salary would be brought directly to his home by editorial board members. The editorial board of the newspaper emerged as a meeting point for the Jewish intelligentsia in the city as well as Jewish refugee writers (the latter group seeking to be recognized as Soviet writers, which would confer job stability and protection from persecution). Editorial board members included displaced writers from Warsaw; Binem Heller (editor of the sports column), , (editor of the culture and education column), (former secretary of Linke shrayber-grupe in Poland, now a key functionary among displayed Yiddish writers), Dawid Mitzmacher and Dawid Rikhter (who was named deputy managing editor in 1940). Also represented on the editorial board were wristers from Vilna such as Shmuel Dreyer (former deputy editor of Der Tog) and Meyer Pups. Contributors to the newspaper included poets Peretz Markish (from Moscow), Shmerke Kaczerginski, Shalom Zirman, Pesach Binetsky, journalists Leib Strilovsky and Abraham Berakhot, writers I. Yonasewitz, Y. Akrutny and .
I. Teveliev from Minsk served as the first managing editor of Der Bialistoker Shtern. In early February 1940 Beinish Shulman replaced Teveliev as managing editor. B. L. Gantman became the new managing director in early October 1940, a post he would hold until the demise of the newspaper in June 1941.
Journalistic profile
The newspaper mainly carried TASS news stories and party editorials – much of the articles were translations from Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian. The editors of the newspaper found themselves under pressure to accommodate translations of Soviet press material, leaving little space in the pages of Der Bialistoker Shtern for the some 50 unemployed Jewish displaced writers that had arrived in the city. Initially the newspaper provided space for Jewish refugee writers, but over time they were removed in favour of writers from Moscow, Kiev and Minsk.
Between November 1939 and February 1940 the newspaper ran a campaign, calling on refugees in Western Belorussia to move to the Soviet interior to seek employment there. The newspaper called on refugees to take Soviet citizenship, to oppose black-market activities and to join the Soviet industrial production. The campaign reached its peak in February 1940 with Der Bialistoker Shtern publishing a series of letters from resettled refugees who had taken industrial posts in other parts of the Soviet Union, highlighting satisfaction with living and working conditions in their new abodes.
Distinctly Jewish themes covered in Der Bialistoker Shtern largely focused attacks on Judaism, Shabbat observance and Jewish holidays. Such articles attacking Judaism would usually appear around Jewish holidays. The newspaper carried articles condemning the General Jewish Labour Bund, and occasionally against the Left Poalei Zion and other Zionist organizations. Occasionally the newspaper would carry reports on Jewish community events in Western Belorussia, but such articles would carry a disclaimer absolving the editorial staff of separatist, nationalist or chauvinist deviations.
Orthography
Der Bialistoker Shtern had a unique spelling policy, with Hebrew words spelt according to Soviet orthography but retaining the traditional final form of Hebrew letters. In the final phase of the existence of the newspaper it fully switched to Soviet orthography. In its 191st issue (April 20, 1941) the word Shtern in the banner of the newspaper written with the regular nun letter for the first time, rather than its final form version.
Decline and outbreak of war
Approximately 200 issues of the newspaper was published during the course of 20 months. Der Bialistoker Shtern was printed in between 4,000 and 6,000 copies. Der Bialistoker Shtern was distributed to a very limited extent in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. Copies generally contained 4 pages, with exceptions for special editions (such as for electoral campaigns or May 5 Soviet Press Day). Over time Der Bialistoker Shtern declined in readership, with many readers shifting to the Minsk newspaper Oktyabr. The format of the newspaper was revised at least thrice, on each occasion the format became smaller than before. Frequency of publishing progressively decreased as well. In 1940 publishing frequency reduced from 7 days a week to 3 days a week. It eventually became a weekly publication.
The final issue of Der Bialistoker Shtern was published on June 22, 1941, the day of the German attack on the Soviet Union. The editorial team plastered copies of the last issue on walls of the deserted streets of the city.
References
Mass media in Białystok
Jews and Judaism in Białystok
Newspapers published in the Soviet Union
Newspapers established in 1939
Publications disestablished in 1941
Daily newspapers
Yiddish communist newspapers |
Boy Gobert (5 June 1925 – 30 May 1986) was a German film and television actor.
Partial filmography
Island of the Dead (1955) – Schiffs-Steward
A Heart Full of Music (1955) – Granito Bubiblanca
My Children and I (1955) – Charlie Scheller – Manager
Pulverschnee nach Übersee (1956) – Bob Webster
The Model Husband (1956) – Freddy Evans
Uns gefällt die Welt (1956) – Regisseur im Revuetheater
Imperial and Royal Field Marshal (1956) – Manfred von Pisewitz
Victor and Victoria (1957) – Lacoste
Tolle Nacht (1957) – Hotelbesitzer Ernst Castell
Dort in der Wachau (1957) – Emil Bayerl
Love From Paris (1957) – Monpti (old)
The Daring Swimmer (1957) – Fritz Hohebirke
(1957) – Rombach, Kunsthändler
Europas neue Musikparade 1958 (1957) – Karl
A Piece of Heaven (1957) – Sir Jackie Taft-Holery
Schwarzwälder Kirsch (1958) – Freddy Weller
(1958) – Carl von Heymendorf – Leutnant im Regiment 'Prinz Eugen'
Peter Voss, Thief of Millions (1958) – Ramon Cadalso
Majestät auf Abwegen (1958) – Graf Elopatak
Here I Am, Here I Stay (1959) – Gustave
(1959) – Peer
Alle lieben Peter (1959) – Bernd Werding
The Rest Is Silence (1959) – Mike R. Krantz
The Ideal Woman (1959) – Jaroslaw Martini
(1959) – Eduard von Persipan, Obrist
Paradise for Sailors (1959) – Seemann Kai Brinkmann
Frauen in Teufels Hand (1960) – Emil
Pension Schöller (1960) – Eugen Rümpel
Crime Tango (1960) – Taschen-August
You Don't Shoot at Angels (1960) – Federico
Who Are You, Mr. Sorge? (1961) – Meissinger
The Adventures of Count Bobby (1961) – Slippery, Gangster aus Chicago
Junge Leute brauchen Liebe (1961) – Pierre Papillon jr.
Die Fledermaus (1962) – Prinz Orlofsky
The Spendthrift (1964) – Chevalier Dumont
Le repas des fauves (1964) – Kaubach
Emma Hamilton (1968) – Le peintre George Romney
Shadow of Angels (1975) – Chief of Police: Mülller II
Kamikaze 1989 (1982) – Konzernchef
The Roaring Fifties (1983) – Udo von Gerresheim
References
External links
1925 births
1986 deaths
German male film actors
German male television actors
Male actors from Hamburg
20th-century German male actors |
is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Kodai Sato played for NEC Tokin, Grulla Morioka and Vanraure Hachinohe from 2008 to 2015.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Fuji University alumni
Association football people from Miyagi Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J3 League players
Japan Football League players
Iwate Grulla Morioka players
Vanraure Hachinohe players
Men's association football forwards |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package v5
import (
"net/http"
"reflect"
"testing"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/lib/go-tc"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/lib/go-util"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/lib/go-util/assert"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/traffic_ops/testing/api/utils"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/traffic_ops/toclientlib"
client "github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/traffic_ops/v5-client"
)
func TestProfilesImport(t *testing.T) {
WithObjs(t, []TCObj{CDNs, Types, Parameters, Profiles, ProfileParameters}, func() {
methodTests := utils.TestCase[client.Session, client.RequestOptions, tc.ProfileImportRequest]{
"POST": {
"OK when VALID request": {
ClientSession: TOSession,
RequestBody: tc.ProfileImportRequest{
Profile: tc.ProfileExportImportNullable{
Name: util.Ptr("GLOBAL"),
Description: util.Ptr("Global Traffic Ops profile"),
CDNName: util.Ptr("cdn1"),
Type: util.Ptr("UNK_PROFILE"),
},
Parameters: []tc.ProfileExportImportParameterNullable{
{
ConfigFile: util.Ptr("global"),
Name: util.Ptr("tm.instance_name"),
Value: util.Ptr("Traffic Ops CDN"),
},
{
ConfigFile: util.Ptr("global"),
Name: util.Ptr("tm.toolname"),
Value: util.Ptr("Traffic Ops"),
},
},
},
Expectations: utils.CkRequest(utils.NoError(), utils.HasStatus(http.StatusOK),
validateProfilesImport(map[string]interface{}{"Name": "GLOBAL", "CDNName": "cdn1",
"Description": "Global Traffic Ops profile", "Type": "UNK_PROFILE"})),
},
"BAD REQUEST when SPACE in PROFILE NAME": {
ClientSession: TOSession,
RequestBody: tc.ProfileImportRequest{
Profile: tc.ProfileExportImportNullable{
Name: util.Ptr("GLOBAL SPACES"),
Description: util.Ptr("Global Traffic Ops profile"),
CDNName: util.Ptr("cdn1"),
Type: util.Ptr("UNK_PROFILE"),
},
Parameters: []tc.ProfileExportImportParameterNullable{
{
ConfigFile: util.Ptr("global"),
Name: util.Ptr("tm.instance_name"),
Value: util.Ptr("Traffic Ops CDN"),
},
},
},
Expectations: utils.CkRequest(utils.HasError(), utils.HasStatus(http.StatusBadRequest)),
},
},
}
for method, testCases := range methodTests {
t.Run(method, func(t *testing.T) {
for name, testCase := range testCases {
switch method {
case "POST":
t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
resp, reqInf, err := testCase.ClientSession.ImportProfile(testCase.RequestBody, testCase.RequestOpts)
for _, check := range testCase.Expectations {
check(t, reqInf, resp.Response, resp.Alerts, err)
}
})
}
}
})
}
})
}
func validateProfilesImport(expectedResp map[string]interface{}) utils.CkReqFunc {
return func(t *testing.T, _ toclientlib.ReqInf, resp interface{}, _ tc.Alerts, _ error) {
assert.RequireNotNil(t, resp, "Expected Profiles Export response to not be nil.")
profileImportResp := resp.(tc.ProfileImportResponseObj)
profileImport := profileImportResp.ProfileExportImportNullable
for field, expected := range expectedResp {
fieldValue := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(profileImport).FieldByName(field)).String()
assert.RequireNotNil(t, fieldValue, "Expected %s to not be nil.", field)
assert.Equal(t, expected, fieldValue, "Expected %s to be %v, but got %s", field, expected, fieldValue)
}
}
}
``` |
Events from the year 1978 in Pakistan.
Incumbents
Federal government
President: Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (until 16 September), Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (starting 16 September)
Chief Justice: Sheikh Anwarul Haq
Governors
Governor of Balochistan: Khuda Bakhsh Marri (until 18 September); Rahimuddin Khan (starting 18 September)
Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Abdul Hakeem Khan (until 11 October); Fazle Haq (starting 11 October)
Governor of Punjab: Aslam Riaz Hussain (until 11 October); Sawar Khan (starting 11 October)
Governor of Sindh: Abdul Kadir Shaikh (until 6 July); S.M. Abbasi (starting 6 July)
Events
Name of Montgomery District changes to Sahiwal District
January 2 – On the orders of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, paramilitary forces opened fire on peaceful protesting workers in Multan. It is known as 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills.
18 June – The Karakoram Highway is completed.
Sports
Cricket
16 October – Test cricket debut of Kapil Dev, India vs. Pakistan at Faisalabad.
19 June – Ian Botham takes 8-34 vs. Pakistan, his best Test cricket bowling.
1 June – Test cricket debut of David Gower, vs. Pakistan at Edgbaston Cricket Ground, scores 58.
Hockey
24 November – The first Champions Trophy held in Lahore is won by Pakistan.
Births
18 March – Irfan Manan Khan, Secretary General
See also
List of Pakistani films of 1978
References
Pakistan
Pakistan
1970s in Pakistan
Years of the 20th century in Pakistan |
Gen V is an American superhero television series, developed by Craig Rosenberg, Evan Goldberg, and Eric Kripke, serving as a spin-off of The Boys by Kripke, and based on The Boys comic book story arc "We Gotta Go Now" by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson. The series serves as the third entry in The Boys franchise.
The series, set concurrently with the fourth season of The Boys, premiered on Amazon Prime Video on September 29, 2023. In October 2023, less than a month after its premiere, the series was renewed for a second season.
Premise
Young adult superheroes, or "supes", are tested in battle royal challenges at the Godolkin University School of Crimefighting founded by Thomas Godolkin run by Vought International.
Cast
Main
Jaz Sinclair as Marie Moreau, a hemokinetic (able to psychically manipulate blood) Supe with a tragic past.
Jaeda LeBlanc portrays a young Marie.
Chance Perdomo as Andre Anderson, a popular student and Luke's best friend with magnetic manipulation capabilities.
Lizze Broadway as Emma Meyer / Little Cricket, a Supe with the ability to alter her size by "purging" or eating.
Maddie Phillips as Cate Dunlap, a Supe with telepathic abilities, primarily in the form of tactile mind control, and Luke's longtime girlfriend.
Violet Marino portrays a young Cate.
London Thor and Derek Luh as Jordan Li, a Supe gender-shifter. Thor portrays Jordan's feminine form who can fire energy blasts and Luh portrays Jordan's masculine form who has superhuman durability.
Asa Germann as Samuel "Sam" Riordan, a young Supe with superhuman strength and durability.
Cameron Nicoll portrays a young Sam.
Shelley Conn as Indira Shetty (season 1), the dean of Godolkin University and former behavioral therapist who does not have superpowers and had lost her husband and daughter in the plane crash that Homelander caused.
Recurring
Patrick Schwarzenegger as Luke Riordan / Golden Boy, Sam's older brother and a popular student with pyrokinesis and superhuman strength.
Maia Jae Bastidas as Justine Garcia, a Supe influencer with enhanced durability and a healing factor attending the Crimson Countess School of Performing Arts
Daniel Beirne as Social Media Jeff, the social media manager for Godolkin University.
Sean Patrick Thomas as Polarity, Andre's dad and a famous superhero with magnetic manipulation who is a trustee at Godolkin University.
Alexander Calvert as Rufus, a psychic student at Godolkin University who possesses telepathy, astral projection, and clairvoyance.
Marco Pigossi as Dr. Edison Cardosa, the lead scientist of "The Woods" and developer of the "supe virus".
Guest
Ty Barnett as Malcolm Moreau, Marie's deceased father
Miata Ada Lebile as Jackie Moreau, Marie's deceased mother
Robert Bazzocchi as Liam, a classmate of Emma's
Alex Castillo as Vanessa
Clancy Brown as Richard "Rich Brink" Brinkerhoff, a renowned professor at Godolkin University and Chairman of the Lamplighter School of Crimefighting.
Warren Scherer as The Incredible Steve, a student with a healing factor sufficient to reattach lost body parts.
Jessica Clement as Harper, a rat-tailed student at Godolkin University.
Siddharth Sharma as Tyler Oppenheimer, a student with intangibility.
P.J. Byrne as Adam Bourke
Jackie Tohn as Courtenay Fortney
Matthew Edison as Cameron Coleman
Laura Kai Chen as Kayla Li, Jordan's mother.
Peter Kim as Paul Li, Jordan's father who disapproves of their gender-shifting ability.
Derek Wilson as Robert Vernon / Tek-Knight, a former supe turned true-crime TV host who uses his show to cover up scandals for Vought.
Jason Ritter as himself via Sam's hallucinations of an episode of the educational TV series Avenue V.
Andy Walken as Dusty, a Supe resembling a teenager whose body ages slowly.
Laila Robins as Grace Mallory
Special guests
Elisabeth Shue as Madelyn Stillwell
Jessie T. Usher as Reggie Franklin / A-Train
Colby Minifie as Ashley Barrett
Chace Crawford as Kevin Moskowitz / The Deep
Jensen Ackles as "Soldier Boyfriend", Cate's childhood imaginary friend who is based on the films of Soldier Boy
Claudia Doumit as Victoria Neuman
Episodes
Production
Development
On September 20, 2020, a spin-off of The Boys was announced, with Craig Rosenberg writing and executive producing the series with Eric Kripke, Seth Rogen, Evan Goldberg, James Weaver, Neal H. Moritz, Pavun Shetty, Michaela Starr, Garth Ennis, Darick Robertson, Sarah Carbiener, Erica Rosbe, Aisha Porter-Christie, Judalina Neira, and Zak Schwartz. On September 27, 2021, Amazon gave the order for the series, and Michele Fazekas and Tara Butters were set as showrunners and executive producers of the series. On October 2, 2020, Kripke stated the Hunger Games-inspired series would focus on the G-Men team mentioned in the first season of The Boys, originally created as a parody of Marvel Comics' X-Men for the fourth volume of Ennis' and Robertson's comic book series: "We Gotta Go Now", from which the series is "loosely inspired".
On January 5, 2023, it was announced that a writing room for a potential second season would soon come together, to be led by Michele Fazekas, who also has become sole showrunner since Tara Butters has taken a break from work. On October 19, 2023, Amazon Prime Video renewed the series for a second season.
Casting
On March 11, 2021, Lizze Broadway and Jaz Sinclair were cast in the series. On March 19, Shane Paul McGhie, Aimee Carrero, and Maddie Phillips were cast in the series. On April 15, 2021, Reina Hardesty was cast in the series. On March 10, 2022, Carrero and McGhie exited the series. A few days later, Chance Perdomo joined the main cast in a recasting, replacing McGhie. On April 25, 2022, Hardesty left the series. On May 9, 2022, London Thor was cast to replace Hardesty. Derek Luh, Asa Germann, and Shelley Conn also joined the cast as series regulars. Two days later, Patrick Schwarzenegger, Sean Patrick Thomas, and Marco Pigossi were cast in recurring capacities. In November 2022, Clancy Brown joined the cast as Richard "Rich Brink" Brinkerhoff. In December 2022, Jessie T. Usher, Colby Minifie, and P. J. Byrne were confirmed to be reprising their roles from The Boys, in guest appearances, as Reggie Franklin / A-Train, Ashley Barrett, and Adam Bourke, respectively, while in September 2023, Derek Wilson was confirmed to have been cast as Robert Vernon / Tek Knight.
Filming
Filming began at the University of Toronto Mississauga campus in May 2022 and the Claireville Conservation Area, Brampton in July, intended for an October wrap, under the working title of The Boys Presents: Varsity. Other filming locations include Sobeys Stadium, and the Stardust Drive-In Movie Theater. In July 2022, it was announced that the series would officially be titled Gen V. In September 2022, members of the cast announced on social media that production had wrapped.
Music
In October 2023, it was revealed that Matt Bowen and Christopher Lennertz had composed the score for the series.
Release
Gen V premiered on Amazon Prime Video on September 29, 2023.
Reception
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 97% approval rating with an average rating of 7.65/10, based on 101 critic reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, "Just about as gruesomely subversive as its origin series, Gen V builds on The Boys in occasionally chaotic but overall inspired fashion." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 73 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Notes
References
External links
2020s American black comedy television series
2020s American college television series
2020s American comic science fiction television series
2020s American LGBT-related comedy television series
2020s American LGBT-related drama television series
2020s American superhero comedy television series
2023 American television series debuts
Amazon Prime Video original programming
American television spin-offs
The Boys (franchise)
Dynamite Entertainment adaptations
English-language television shows
Serial drama television series
Television series about teenagers
Television series by Amazon Studios
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television shows based on DC Comics
Television shows filmed in Toronto |
The Estrella Warbirds Museum is an aviation museum dedicated to the restoration and preservation of military aircraft, vehicles, and memorabilia. The museum is located at Paso Robles Municipal Airport in central California and is named after Estrella Army Airfield. In July, 2009, the museum opened an automobile display featuring classic racing cars, The Woodland Auto Display.
History
The museum began in 1993, when it acquired and moved three buildings from a former almond orchard to the airport. Originally founded as the Estrella Squadron of the Commemorative Air Force, it became independent in 2000.
A collection of military vehicles was donated by Herman Pfauter and in 2015 it was placed on display in a new building called the Red Ball Express Motor Pool.
Facilities
The museum is made up of the Hangar One, Al Schade Restoration Hangar, Thompson Hall, Freedom Hall, Brooks Building, Woodland Auto Display, Hind Pavilion, and Pfauter Building.
Exhibits
Exhibits at the museum include a radio room and an flight simulator.
Collection
Aircraft
Aermacchi MB-326
Aeronca L-16
Beechcraft T-34 Mentor
Beechcraft T-34 Mentor
Bell UH-1D Iroquois
Cessna T-37B Tweet
Douglas A-4A Skyhawk
Douglas C-47B Skytrain
Douglas ERA-3B Skywarrior – cockpit
Douglas TA-4J Skyhawk
Focke-Wulf FWP.149D
Fouga CM.170 Magister
General Atomics Gnat-750
General Dynamics F-16B Fighting Falcon
Grumman A-6E Intruder
Grumman F-14B Tomcat
Grumman F9F-8P Cougar
Grumman US-2D Tracker
Gyrodyne QH-50D DASH
LTV NA-7C Corsair II
Lockheed P2V-5F Neptune
Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star
Lockheed TF-104G Starfighter
McDonnell Douglas F-4S Phantom II
McDonnell Douglas F-4S Phantom II – cockpit
North American QF-86F Sabre
North American T-28B Trojan
North American SNJ-5C Texan
North American Rockwell OV-10A Bronco
Northrop AQM-38
Northrop F-5E Tiger II
Radioplane MQM-33
Ryan BQM-34S Firebee
Saab A 32A Lansen
Saab J 35 Draken
Sikorsky UH-19D Chickasaw
Sikorsky UH-34D Choctaw
Stinson L-5E Sentinel
Stinson Reliant I
Taylor J-2
UTVA Aero 3
Vought F-8K Crusader
Armament and ordnance
As of January 2019, the following armament and ordnance were on exhibit at the museum.
Bofors 40mm anti-aircraft gun
M40 105 mm Recoilless Rifle
General Dynamics M60A3 main battle tank
Quad 50 cal M2 Heavy Barrel Machine Gun
United Defense M901 ITV anti-tank vehicle
57mm M1 anti-tank gun
ZPU-1 14.5 mm anti-aircraft gun
Military vehicles
As of December 2019, the following military vehicles were on exhibit at the museum.
AMC Mighty Mite Jeep
Diamond REO M52
Dodge M37 WC Truck
Dodge M43 Ambulance
Dodge WC4 Power Wagon
Excelsior Welbike Mark 1
FMC Landing Vehicle Tracked LVPT-5
FMC Armored Personnel Carrier M113A3
Ford GPW Jeep
Ford GTBA G622 Burma Jeep
Ford Model T Ambulance
Ford MUTT Jeep
General Motors DUKW 1942 Utility Vehicle AWD
Higgins LCVP Landing Craft
IHC M35 Series Troop Carrier
M35A1 Armored Gun Truck
M60A3 Tank
Alvis Saracen FV-603 armored personnel carrier
White M2 Half Track
Willys M274 Mule with 105 mm Recoilless Rifle
Willys M38A1 Jeep
Missiles
As of January 2019, the following missiles were on exhibit at the museum.
Hughes AIM-4 Falcon air-to-air missile
Martin HGM-25A Titan I intercontinental ballistic missile
Raytheon AIM-7 Sparrow air-to-air missile
Raytheon AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile
Raytheon AIM-54C Phoenix air-to-air missile
Raytheon AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missile
Other exhibits
Link Trainer
Events
The museum holds an fundraiser event every year called Warbirds, Wings and Wheels.
See also
List of aerospace museums
References
External links
Museums in San Luis Obispo County, California
Buildings and structures in Paso Robles, California
Aerospace museums in California
Automobile museums in California
Military and war museums in California
Museums established in 1992
1992 establishments in California |
"That's My Pa" is a 1962 single by Sheb Wooley. "That's My Pa" would be Sheb Wooley's first single to hit the country chart and was also his most successful release hitting the number one spot for one week and staying on the charts for seventeen weeks.
Chart performance
References
Songs about fathers
1961 singles
Sheb Wooley songs
1961 songs
MGM Records singles
Songs written by Sheb Wooley |
Roche v Roche [2010] 2 IR 321: [2009] IESC 82 is an Irish Supreme Court case which affirmed the High Court decision that frozen embryos did not constitute the “unborn” within the meaning of Article 40.3.3 of the Irish Constitution. The spirit of the Supreme Court's judgement was that frozen embryos were not extended the same right to life as given to embryos protected in the womb. With an increase in IVF (in vitro fertilisation) among couples, legal issues arise when the couple decide to separate or divorce. This is a landmark case as it gave a judgement on such a circumstance where a couple has separated but there are surplus embryos frozen at a clinic. The Court made its decision by ultimately taking into account the right to reproduce.
Facts of the case
The Roches (Mary and Thomas) were married in 1992. Mary gave birth to a son in 1997. Subsequently she underwent surgery for an ovarian cyst and she lost part of an ovary. Again she had a fertility treatment in 2001 which proved to be unsuccessful. In July of the same year, the couple underwent in-vitro fertilization (IVF) at Sims Clinic Limited. As a result of this treatment, six viable embryos were created. Three embryos were used; three were frozen. As a result, Mary became pregnant and gave birth to a girl in 2002. Both signed consent forms and various other forms involving egg retrieval and embryo freezing. They both took full responsibility for the cyro-preserved embryos.
The relationship between the couple broke down towards the end of the second pregnancy. They entered into judicial separation but they were still legally married. The Plaintiff wished to have the remaining embryos implanted into her uterus but Thomas objected to having another child with the Plaintiff and refused consent. As a result, Sims Clinic was unwilling to release them. In 2005, Sims Clinic informed both parties that they had "not received any payment" for the embryos since 2003 and that this failure resulted in a breach of unit policy which rendered the storage contract as void. With this in mind, Mary initiated proceedings in the court.
Issues
The court had to resolve a number of issues:
Are frozen embryos considered "unborn" in the context of Article 40.3.3 of the Irish Constitution (this has since been updated by the abortion referendum in 2018 to Article 40.3 of the Constitution).
Did the consent requirement end with the judicial separation.
Did Mary Roche have a right to the embryos.
Constitutional interpretation
Article 40.3.3° of the Irish Constitution stated that:"The State acknowledges the right to life of the unborn and, with due regard to the equal right to life of the mother, guarantees in its laws to respect, and, as far as practicable, by its laws to defend and vindicate that right."Today this section has been removed altogether by Article 40.3 which states "provision may be made by law for the regulation of termination of pregnancy."
As Article 40.3.3° did not define what was meant by "unborn" it was left to the courts to define the term and what it needed to protect.
Judgment of the High Court
The High Court decision was delivered by McGovern J on 18 July 2006 in which he held that Mr Roche did not give express or implied consent to the implantation of the remaining embryos into Mrs Roche's uterus. It was not specified in the contract what should happen if a situation like the present one arises. To say Mr Roche is required by the contract to give consent to the implantation is false as there is nothing in the contracts binding him to do so. The most important issue before the Court was whether the embryos were 'unborn' for the purpose of Article 40.3.3° of the Irish Constitution.
Witnesses were called to the stand, some of whom argued that from the moment an egg is fertilized by a sperm new human life begins. Others argued that human life only began once the embryo was implanted into the uterus. Another group of witnesses said that it was impossible to say when human life begins.
Ultimately, the Court decided that since frozen embryos were not "unborn" within the meaning of Article 40.3.3, the rights arising under Article 41 were invalid. Also, it is not the Court's duty to explain the legal status of an embryo outside the womb. This matter is exclusively for the Oireachtas to decide on.
The decision was subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court where the appeal was dismissed.
Holding of the Supreme Court
The main issue that the Court dealt with is whether the frozen embryos stored in Sims Clinic can be protected under Article 40.3.3 of the Constitution by falling within the scope of an unborn as mentioned in the subsection. This is an issue under the rubrics of public law. Whereas the dispute about implied consent in the contractual arrangements between both parties falls within the realm of private law. In any case, the Appellant essentially argued that the frozen embryos did have a right to life despite the Defendant's objection. Appellant maintained this claim on foot of Article 40.3.3.
The Court ruled against Mary and upheld the decision of the High Court. It concluded that frozen embryos were not "unborn" until they are actually implanted in a uterus. The court chided the legislature for failing to pass laws regarding embryos. Nevertheless, the Court did state that if a woman's only chance of having a child was access to frozen embryos then consent by an ex-partner could not be refused.
Subsequent developments
The Eighth Amendment was placed into the Irish Constitution in 1983 which made abortion illegal in Ireland. In May 2018 the Irish population voted to repeal this amendment and it was signed into law on September 25, 2018.
Roche v Roche was cited in the case of A and Others v Ireland held in the European Court of Human Right
See also
Supreme Court of Ireland
High Court (Ireland)
Legal separation
Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
Brian McGovern (judge)
Oireachtas
External links
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1861/act/100/enacted/en/print.html
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
References
Supreme Court of Ireland cases
2009 in Irish law
2009 in case law |
Hank Cheyne (born August 13, 1958) is an American actor and former lawyer known for playing Ricardo Torres in the soap opera Sunset Beach (1997–1999). He also played the role of Scott LaSalle on Another World (1986–1988) and Anton Vargas on Saints & Sinners.
Early life and education
Born Henry Edward Garcia in Santa Maria, California, Cheyne graduated from Santa Clara University in 1980 with a Bachelor of Science degree in business, where he also played varsity baseball. After graduating from Santa Clara, he attended and graduated from UCLA School of Law.
Career
While still in law school, Cheyne worked as a model in Milan, where he was discovered by an acting coach. After passing the California bar exam, Cheyne worked for a law firm in Beverly Hills, California, and began pursuing a career as an actor.
Personal life
He took "Cheyne" as his stage name from the town Cheyenne, Wyoming, which is where his parents met. Cheyne's grandfather was full-blooded Yaqui Indian.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Living people
American male soap opera actors
Santa Clara University alumni
Native American male actors
1958 births
People from Santa Maria, California
Actors from California
Yaqui people
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans |
Josef Suk (8 August 1929 – 7 July 2011) was a Czech violinist, violist, chamber musician and conductor. In his home country he carried the title of National Artist.
Suk's recordings of Dvořák's Violin Concerto, especially those with the Czech Philharmonic and conductors Karel Ančerl and Václav Neumann, are taken as references.
Youth and studies
Josef Suk was born in Prague, the grandson of the composer and violinist Josef Suk, and great-grandson of the composer Antonín Dvořák. After finishing high school in 1945 he entered the Prague Conservatory (1945-1951), where his teachers were Jaroslav Kocián, Norbert Kubát and Karel Šnebergr.
The most important of all his teachers was Jaroslav Kocián, who started teaching him privately when Suk was 7 years old. Led by him, Suk mastered the violin art drawing from the spectacular interpretative art of his teacher, who was specific with his noble technique of tone formation.
During his studies, in 1949, Suk was sent to Paris and Brussels where he represented successfully the young generation of Czech violinists.
After leaving the Prague Conservatory, he spent four terms at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (AMU) with the professors Marie Hlouňová and Alexandr Plocek. However, before finishing his studies he was suspended for political reasons.
"AMU was rather a military and political school at that time. For example, I protested against being obliged to trench. That was because our fingers suffered – and I wanted to be a musician, not a soldier. That was the reason why I was suspended after four terms and detached to the military division of Košice for punishment. In the last minute I was saved when I got to the Army artist company, where I spent the two years of military service playing the violin."
"Since the very beginning, when I got my first violin from my father, a binding feeling of big expectations bore on me. I wasn’t sure whether I was able to be up to the wishes and hopes of my parents and my grandfather. The great commitment of filling my family tradition attached all my artist career. Sometimes it might have opened some gates and routes, but on the other hand it meant also an indispensable stress."
Concert career
1950-1952 he was the primarius of the Prague quartet, 1953-1955 concert master of the dramatic orchestra of the National theatre in Prague, then till 1957 a soloist of the Army artist company.
His first significant success was a recital in Prague on 6 November 1954. Shortly after that George Szell invited him to the US to play with the Cleveland Orchestra. In 1958 he performed in Germany, Netherlands and Romania, then also in France and Belgium.
In 1960 he was lent the violin by Antonio Stradivari called Duc de Camposelice made in 1710. Its former owner was Váša Příhoda, who donated it to the Czechoslovak state shortly before his death. Suk also played the Libon Stradivari and The Prince of Orange violin by Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesu. He also used an instrument by Přemysl Špidlen for a long time.
In 1961 he was named as soloist of the Czech Philharmonic, playing on many of its tours and recitals. He cooperated, and made numerous recordings, with the world's best orchestras, conductors and interpreters. He won many prizes for his recordings – Grand Prix du Disque for Debussy's and Janáček's sonatas, for the Dumky Trio by Dvořák with Jan Panenka and Miloš Sádlo, for the complete collection of Mozart's violin concerts with the Prague Chamber Orchestra conducted by Libor Hlaváček, for the Berg Concerto and for the concertos of Martinů.
He was also a violist and he recorded the Sinfonia Concertante by Mozart, playing both parts of violin and viola. With the Czech Philharmonic, conducted by Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, he recorded Harold en Italie by Hector Berlioz.
His violin art was characterized by a rotund and rich tone, glass-clear intonation and an idiomatic interpretation. Suk was one of the world's best interpreters of Bach, Mozart and Beethoven. His recordings of Dvořák's Violin Concerto are exemplary.
From 1979 to 1986 he was a teacher at the Music College in Vienna.
Chamber music
Aside from his solo career he focused on chamber music. As a student (1950-1952) he was the primarius of the Prague quartet and in 1951 he founded the Suk Trio, named after his grandfather Josef Suk, together with his friends Jiří Hubička (piano) and Saša Večtomov (cello), later with Jan Panenka (piano, replaced then by Josef Hála) and Josef Chuchro (cello). Suk Trio played many concerts both home and abroad and recorded many compositions. With the trio's later pianist Jan Panenka Suk recorded the entire collection of Beethoven's sonatas, and their recording of Shostakovich's sonata for viola and piano was the very first. As a violist he often cooperated with the Smetana Quartet, mostly as second viola.
Another remarkable partnership was with the harpsichordist prof. Zuzana Růžičková. They were close friends and within many concerts they made many recordings, for example Bach's and Händel's sonatas. They were also dedicated a sonata by Růžičková's husband, Viktor Kalabis.
Josef Suk also collaborated with Julius Katchen and János Starker when recording Brahms's trios and sonatas.
In 1974, as a commemoration of the 100th anniversary of birth of his grandfather Josef Suk, he founded the Suk Chamber Orchestra. Suk acted as its leader and conductor till 2000.
He held the title of Meritorious Artist and since 1977 the title of National Artist. In 2002 he was awarded the National Order of the Legion of Honour.
Death
Josef Suk died on 7 July 2011, aged 81, of prostate cancer and was buried in Prague, the Vyšehrad cemetery.
Selected discography (violin)
J.S. Bach: Violin Concertos - Supraphon Records
Bach: Sonatas for Harpsichord and Violin – Lotos
Beethoven: Concerto for violin in D; Dvořák: Concerto for violin in A minor – BBC Radio Classic
Bartók: Violin Concertos Nos. 1 and 2 - Praga Records
Berg: Concerto for violin – Supraphon
Bartók: Concerto for violin No. 1 - Supraphon
Brahms: Concerto, Op. 77; Concerto, Op. 102 – Praga
Brahms: Concerto, Op. 77; Concerto, Op. 102 – Praga
Brahms: Piano Trios and Violin Sonatas with Julius Katchen (piano) and Janos Starker (cello) – Decca Records
Brahms: Symphony No. 2 in D, Op. 73; Concerto in A minor, Op. 102 – Supraphon
Brahms: Symphony No. 2/Double Concerto – Supraphon
Brahms: The Violin Sonatas, with Julius Katchen – Decca (466 393–2)
Chausson: Concerto for violin, piano & String Quartet; Fauré: Sonata No. 2 for Violin & Piano - Supraphon
Dvořák: Concerto for violin in A minor – Supraphon
Dvořák: Piano Quartets Nos. 1 & 2 – Supraphon
Dvořák: Quartet Op. 51 / Sextet Op. 48 - Lotos Records
Dvořák: Quintet in E-flat; Quintet No. 1 – Denon Records
Dvořák: 'Songs My Great-Grandfather Taught Me' – Toccata Classics (2009)
Dvořák: Trio No. 1; Trio No. 2 – Denon Records
Dvořák: Violin Concerto; Romance; Josef Suk: Fantasy – Supraphon
Dvořák: Works for Violin and Piano – Supraphon
Janáček: Complete works for Violin, Cello and Piano – Carlton Classics
Janáček: Sinfonietta, Op. 60; Taras Bulba, rhapsody – Supraphon
Kodály: Musique de chambre – Praga
Martinů: Sonata for violin No. 3; Madrigal Stanzas H.297 – Supraphon
Mendelssohn: Concerto for violin in E minor; Bruch: Concerto for violin in G minor – Supraphon
Mozart: Quintets – Denon Records
Mozart: Sinfonia concertante in E-flat; Sinfonia concertante in E-flat – Panton Records
Ravel: Sonatas for Violin and Piano; Sonata for Violin and Cello; Tzigane – Praga
Schubert: String Quartet No. 1, D.87/String Quintet in C, Op. 163, D.956 Praga
Suk: Piano Quintets, Opp. 1 & 8 – Lotos
Suk: Piano Trio; Piano Quartet; Piano Quintet – Supraphon
Karel Ančerl Golden Edition No. 8. CD Supraphon: Praha 2002. SU 3668-2
References
External links
[ Biography]
Czech classical violists
Czech conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
Czech classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Prague Conservatory alumni
Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
1929 births
2011 deaths
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Czech male musicians
Burials at Vyšehrad Cemetery
20th-century violists
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni |
Jaluit Airport is a public use airstrip located one nautical mile (1.85 km) southwest of the village of Jabor on Jaluit Atoll, Marshall Islands. This airstrip is assigned the location identifier N55 by the FAA and UIT by the IATA.
Facilities
Jaluit Airport is at an elevation of 4 feet (1.2 m) above mean sea level. The runway is designated 03/21 with a gravel surface measuring 5,000 by 60 feet (1,524 x 18 m). There are no aircraft based at Jaluit.
Airlines and destinations
References
External links
AirNav airport information for N55
Airports in the Marshall Islands
Airport |
An election to Laois County Council took place on 27 June 1991 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 25 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended twice, first to 1998, then to 1999.
Results by party
Results by local electoral area
Borris-in-Ossory
Emo
Luggacurren
Portlaoise
Tinnahinch
References
External links
Official website
irishelectionliterature
1991 Irish local elections
1991 |
Diocesan College (), also known as the College of St. Francis de Sales, is a private Catholic primary and secondary school located in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The school was founded in 1906 by the Jesuits.
Its Saraiva Square campus opened in 1925 and in 2003 a campus for two to six year olds was opened on Benjamin Constant Street.
History
In 1906, the first bishop of Piauí, Antonio Joaquim D'Almeida, founded the school along with the diocesan seminary. In 1914 the second bishop of Piauí closed the school for lack of funds, and took up residence in the building which has since had his court of arms on its facade. The third bishop of Piauí, Dom Severino Vieira de Melo, reopened the school in 1925 under the name of St. Francis de Sales, running a boarding school.
In 1945, the scientific and classic courses along with the technical trade school were initiated, including a course in accounting. At this time, a group of students also founded New People magazine. In the late 1950s, the boarding house was closed.
From October 1959 until early 1960, the school had its first lay director, Bernardo Lopes de Sousa, who administered the school during the transition period until the arrival of the Jesuit fathers in 1960. Since then it has networked with Jesuit schools.
The school's children's division was opened in 2003. Today it serves more than 600 students between two and six years old.
In 2015, the school placed twelfth in Piauí state in the national secondary school examination (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio).
See also
Catholic Church in Brazil
Education in Brazil
List of Jesuit educational institutions
List of schools in Brazil
References
External links
1906 establishments in Brazil
Buildings and structures in Piauí
Education in Piauí
Educational institutions established in 1906
Jesuit schools in Brazil
Mixed-sex education
Catholic boarding schools
Catholic primary schools in Brazil
Catholic secondary schools in Brazil
Teresina |
Kanjigan (, also Romanized as Kanjīgān) is a village in Sardasht Rural District, Zeydun District, Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 16 families.
References
Populated places in Behbahan County |
Life Everlasting or Everlasting Life may refer to:
Immortality, the ability to live forever
Eternal life (Christianity), a Christian belief
Life Everlasting (Corelli novel), a 1911 novel by Marie Corelli
Life Everlasting (Keller novel), a 1934 novel by David H. Keller
Everlasting Life, a 1998 album by Kim Burrell
See also
Eternal life (disambiguation) |
Mezwed () is a genre of popular traditional music based on North African Arab scale rhythms. It incorporates traditional North African drums called Darbouka and a kind of bagpipe called a mizwad with a bag made from ewe's leather. Usually, it is sung in Tunisian and Algerian linguistic varieties. Originally the music of the countryside and the working classes; it is often played at weddings and parties.
The themes of Mezwed are social, family, and love. Nowadays new fusions of Mezwed, with Hip-Hop and Rap are becoming popular. Some of the most popular singers include Fatma Boussaha, Samir Loussif, and Hedi Habbouba.
Artists
Hichem Lekhdhiri
Fathi Weld Fajra
Fatma Boussaha
Hedi Habbouba
Samir Loussif
Saleh El Farzit
Lotfi Jormana
External links
Exposé du Musée des civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée
Exposé du Musée virtuel du Canada
Tunisian music |
Amauroderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae. The genus, widespread in tropical areas, contains about 70 species. Amauroderma fungi are wood-decay fungi that feed and fruit on decayed branches and trunks.
The fruit bodies of Amauroderma fungi comprise a cap and a stipe, and are typically woody, leathery, or corky in texture. The spores produced are usually spherical or nearly so, with a characteristic double wall structure that features U-shaped thickenings.
Taxonomy
Amauroderma was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. He set Amauroderma regulicolor (previously known as Fomes regulicolor Berk. ex Cooke), collected from Cuba, as the type species. The name Amauroderma had been used previously by Narcisse Patouillard, when he proposed that Ganoderma be divided into the sections Ganoderma and Amauroderma. Patouillard described the characteristics of section Amauroderma as follows: "Spores globose or subglobose, devoid of truncated base, warty, woodruff or smooth; crust hat or dull stipe pruinose, rarely shining." In 1920, Torrend promoted Ganoderma sect. Amauroderma to generic status, with Amauroderma auriscalpium as the type. This resulted in an illegitimate homonym, as Murrill's earlier usage of the name has priority.
The generic name means "dark/dusky-skinned" (from , meaning "dark or dusky", and , meaning "skin").
Several studies using molecular phylogenetics have shown that Amauroderma, as currently circumscribed, is not a monophyletic taxon and will need to be revised.
Description
The fruit bodies of Amauroderma species are stipitate except in A. andina and may attain various shapes although centrally stipitate basidiocarps are most common. Several stipes may arise from the same base, frequently resulting in fused caps and compound fruit bodies. In section some fruit bodies are distinct with one or two distinct inner black bands or zones. The stipe is often duplex with an outer dense layer surrounding an inner softer or hollow core sometimes separated by a black band. In species with a distinct tomentum on the stipe, there is often a dark zone just below the tomentum of the cap. These zones are absent from some species with a pale stipe without a tomentum. However, when present they continue into the context and frequently there is also another zone stretching more or less horizontally across the context.
Most basidiospores of Amauroderma mushrooms have an inner ornamented wall on which there is a hyaline (translucent) epicutis, which is very thin and difficult to see in ordinary microscopic preparations. Mature basidiospores are pale-yellowish. An apiculus (a depressed area where the spore was once attached to the basidium via the sterigma) is often difficult to observe.
Chemistry
Amauroderma camerarium produces the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis protein that has been named amaurocine.
Habitat and distribution
Amauroderma is widespread in tropical areas. Twenty species have been recorded from Brazil; six have been confirmed in China. A collection of Amauroderma sprucei made in Florida in 2016 was the first recorded time that the genus has been collected in the United States.
Amauroderma schomburgkii, A. coltricioides, and A. calcigenum are examples of the genus that have been found fruiting on soil. Amauroderma schomburgkii is the most common neotropical species.
Species
The tenth edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi (2008) indicated that were about 30 species in the genus. , Index Fungorum accepts 68 species of Amauroderma.
Amauroderma africana Ryvarden (2004)
Amauroderma albostipitatum A.C.Gomes-Silva, Ryvarden & T.B.Gibertoni (2015) – Brazil
Amauroderma amoiense J.D.Zhao & L.W.Hsu (1983)
Amauroderma andina Ryvarden (2004)
Amauroderma argenteofulvum (Van der Byl) Doidge (1950) – Africa
Amauroderma auriscalpium (Berk.) Torrend (1920)
Amauroderma austrosinense J.D.Zhao & L.W.Hsu (1984)
Amauroderma aurantiacum (Torrend) Gibertoni & Bernicchia (2008) – Brazil; Venezuela
Amauroderma bataanense Murrill (1908) – Philippines
Amauroderma boleticeum (Pat. & Gaillard) Torrend (1920) – South America
Amauroderma brasiliense (Singer) Ryvarden (2004) – Brazil; Guyana; Venezuela
Amauroderma buloloi Aoshima (1971)
Amauroderma calcigenum (Berk.) Torrend (1920) – South America
Amauroderma calcitum D.H.Costa Rezende & E.R.Drechsler-Santos (2016) – Brazil
Amauroderma camerarium (Berk.) J.S.Furtado (1968) – Brazil, Belize, Colombia, Cuba, Honduras, Peru, Venezuela
Amauroderma coltricioides T.W.Henkel, Aime & Ryvarden (2003) – Guyana
Amauroderma concentricum J.Song, Xiao L.He & B.K.Cui – China
Amauroderma congregatum Corner (1983)
Amauroderma conicum (Lloyd) Ryvarden (1990)
Amauroderma conjunctum (Lloyd) Torrend (1920) – Africa
Amauroderma dayaoshanense J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1987) – China
Amauroderma deviatum Ryvarden (2004)
Amauroderma ealaense (Beeli) Ryvarden (1972) – Africa
Amauroderma elegantissimum Ryvarden & Iturr. (2004) – Brazil; Guyana; Venezuela
Amauroderma exile (Berk.) Torrend (1920) – South America
Amauroderma faculum Henao-M. (1997) – Colombia
Amauroderma flabellatum Aime & Ryvarden (2007) – Guyana
Amauroderma floriformum A.C.Gomes-Silva, Ryvarden & T.B.Gibertoni (2015) – Brazil
Amauroderma fujianense J.D.Zhao, L.W.Hsu & X.Q.Zhang (1979)
Amauroderma fuscatum (Lloyd) Otieno (1969)
Amauroderma fuscoporia Wakef. (1948) – Africa
Amauroderma grandisporum Gulaid & Ryvarden (1998)
Amauroderma guangxiense J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1986)
Amauroderma hongkongense L.Fan & B.Liu (1990) – China
Amauroderma infundibuliforme Wakef. (1917) – Uganda
Amauroderma insulare (Har. & Pat.) Torrend (1920) – New Caledonia
Amauroderma intermedium (Bres. & Pat.) Torrend (1920) – Brazil; Colombia; Guadalupe; Martinique; Paraguay; Puerto Rico
Amauroderma jiangxiense J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1987)
Amauroderma kwiluense (Beeli) Ryvarden (1974)
Amauroderma laccatostiptatum A.C.Gomes-Silva, Ryvarden & T.B.Gibertoni (2015) – Brazil
Amauroderma leptopus (Pers.) J.S.Furtado (1967) – Indonesia
Amauroderma leucosporum Corner (1983)
Amauroderma longgangense J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1986)
Amauroderma macrosporum J.S.Furtado (1968) – Brazil
Amauroderma malesianum Corner (1983)
Amauroderma nigrum Rick (1960)
Amauroderma nutans (Fr.) Murrill (1908)
Amauroderma oblongisporum J.S.Furtado (1968) – Africa
Amauroderma omphalodes (Berk.) Torrend (1920) – Brazil; Guyana; Venezuela; Colombia
Amauroderma ovisporum A.C.Gomes-Silva, Ryvarden & T.B.Gibertoni (2015) – Brazil
Amauroderma parasiticum Corner (1983)
Amauroderma partitum (Berk.) Wakef. (1934) – Brazil; Colombia; Guyana; Venezuela
Amauroderma perplexum Corner (1983)
Amauroderma picipes Torrend (1920) – Brazil
Amauroderma praetervisum (Pat.) Torrend (1920) – Central America; South America; Cuba; Mexico
Amauroderma preussii (Henn.) Steyaert (1972)
Amauroderma pudens (Berk.) Ryvarden (1977)
Amauroderma renidens (Bres.) Torrend (1920) – Brazil
Amauroderma rude (Berk.) Torrend (1920)
Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T.Nees) Torrend (1920)
Amauroderma salisburiense (Van der Byl) D.A.Reid (1973)
Amauroderma schomburgkii (Mont. & Berk.) Torrend (1920) – Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Guiana Francesa; Guiana; Venezuela; Jamaica; Nicarágua; Panamá; Trinidad
Amauroderma scopulosum (Berk.) Imazeki (1952)
Amauroderma secedens Corner (1983)
Amauroderma sericatum (Lloyd) Wakef. (1917)
Amauroderma sessile A.C.Gomes-Silva, Ryvarden & T.B.Gibertoni (2015) – Brazil
Amauroderma solomonense Corner (1983)
Amauroderma sprucei (Pat.) Torrend (1920) – Brazil; Costa Rica; Colombia; Cuba; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Belize; French Guiana; Venezuela
Amauroderma subrugosum (Bres. & Pat.) Torrend (1920)
Amauroderma subsessile A.C.Gomes-Silva, Ryvarden & T.B.Gibertoni (2015) – Brazil; Costa Rica; Panama
Amauroderma tapetellum Henao-M. (1997) – Colombia
Amauroderma trichodematum J.S.Furtado (1968) – Bolivia; Brazil; Guyana; Venezuela
Amauroderma trulliforme (Lloyd) Torrend (1920)
Amauroderma unilaterum (Lloyd) Ryvarden (1990)
Amauroderma variabile (Berk.) Lloyd ex Wakef. (1934)
Amauroderma wuzhishanense J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1987)
Amauroderma yunnanense J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1987)
References
Cited literature
Further reading
Taxa described in 1905
Polyporales genera
Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill |
Così, based in Boston, Massachusetts, is an American fast-casual restaurant chain that is known for its homemade flatbread. The name comes from the opera Così fan tutte, which was a favorite of the original owner. As of November 2020, the company operated 20 locations in New York, Washington D.C., Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, down from 66 at the beginning of the year. The chain filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February 2020.
History
The original Così restaurant was opened in 1989 by Drew Harre in Paris, France. In 1996, Shep and Jay Wainwright opened the first Così in the United States, in New York.
In October 1999, Così merged with Xando (formerly ZuZu).
The company became a public company via an initial public offering in 2002. A year later, Kevin Armstrong was named chief executive officer of the company.
In June 2010, Così sold its District of Columbia stores to Capitol C Restaurants as franchises. Capitol C is the owner of Qdoba Mexican Grill.
In March 2014, Così's largest and most successful franchisee, RJ Dourney was voted by Così's board of directors to the position of CEO and Director and Così announced it was moving its corporate headquarters from Deerfield, Illinois to Boston, Massachusetts. However, in August 2016, CEO RJ Dourney was fired. That same year, the company filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy reorganization and closed stores. As a result of the bankruptcy filing, the company's shares were de-listed from the NASDAQ. Cosi also sought buyers for "substantially all of its assets."
In May 2017, the company emerged from bankruptcy under the ownership of MILFAM II L.P., AB Value Partners, LP, AB Value Management LLC and AB Opportunity Fund LLC. However, on February 25, 2020, Così once again filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after closing several locations. However, the company then withdrew its filing and instead seek pandemic aid from the government. Then, after surviving the pandemic, on July 1, 2022, Cosi reopened its bankruptcy.
References
Further reading
External links
1996 establishments in New York City
Restaurant chains in the United States
Bakery cafés
Bakeries of the United States
Fast-food franchises
Fast casual restaurants
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Restaurants established in 1996
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2016
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2022
American companies established in 1996
Food and drink companies based in Boston |
Yuri Gulyayev may refer to:
Yuri Gulyayev (singer) (1931–1986), Soviet opera singer
Yuriy Hulyayev (born 1963), Ukrainian football player
Yuri Gulyayev (physicist) (born 1935), Soviet and Russian physicist, director of Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics |
The 1970 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 7 June 1970. It was race 4 of 13 in both the 1970 World Championship of Drivers and the 1970 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.
March driver Chris Amon set the new lap record at this race, at a speed of 152 miles an hour. Race winner Pedro Rodríguez had set a 160 miles an hour lap in a sports car race the week before the Grand Prix. It was also Rodriguez's last victory in Formula One, and BRM's first victory since Jackie Stewart won the 1966 Monaco Grand Prix. This was the second Formula One win ever for a Mexican driver, and the last until the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix. The race also saw the debut of Ignazio Giunti, who finished fourth in a Ferrari.
This was the last Formula One race to be held on the original Spa circuit. It was also the last Formula One victory for Dunlop.
Qualifying
Qualifying classification
Race
Classification
Championship standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
Constructors' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
Belgian Grand Prix
Belgian Grand Prix
Grand Prix
June 1970 sports events in Europe |
The 1935–36 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1935–36 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by 15th year head coach Caddy Works. They finished the regular season with a record of 10–13 and were fourth in the southern division with a record of 2–10.
Previous season
The Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 11–12 and were third in the southern division with a record of 4–8.
Roster
Schedule
|-
!colspan=9 style=|Regular Season
Source
References
UCLA Bruins men's basketball seasons
Ucla
UCLA Bruins Basketball
UCLA Bruins Basketball |
Félix Mendizábal Mendiburu (7 March 1891 – 15 July 1959) was a Spanish sprinter. He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. At the 1924 Games, he was also the flag bearer.
References
External links
1891 births
1959 deaths
Athletes (track and field) at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Spanish male sprinters
Olympic athletes for Spain
People from Usurbil
Sportspeople from Gipuzkoa
Athletes from the Basque Country (autonomous community) |
The 2018 Vuelta a Burgos was a men's road bicycle race which was held from 7 August to 11 August 2018. It is the 40th edition of the Vuelta a Burgos stage race, which was established in 1946. The race was rated as a 2.HC event and forms part of the 2018 UCI Europe Tour. The race was made up of five stages. Iván Sosa of won the race.
Teams
Fifteen teams entered the race. Each team had a maximum of seven riders:
Route
Results
Classification leadership
References
External links
2018
2018 UCI Europe Tour
2018 in Spanish road cycling
August 2018 sports events in Spain |
Milejowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Waśniów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Waśniów, south-west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and east of the regional capital Kielce.
References
Villages in Ostrowiec County |
is a passenger railway station located in the city of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Yōrō Railway.
Lines
Shimo-Fukaya Station is a station on the Yōrō Line, and is located 4.0 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at .
Station layout
The station consists of one unnumbered island platform connected to the station building by a level crossing.
Platforms
Adjacent stations
|-
!colspan=5|Yōrō Railway
History
Shimo-Fukaya Station opened on August 1, 1921 as a station on the Yōrō Railway. The Yōrō Railway became the Ise Electric Railway’s Yōrō Line on October 1, 1929, but re-emerged as the Yōrō Railway on April 20, 1936. It merged with the Sangu Electric Railway on August 1, 1940, and through a series of mergers became part of the Kansai Express Railway on June 1, 1944. The line was split off into the new Yōrō Railway on October 1, 2007.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 562 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Mie Prefectural Kuwana Kita High School
Kuwana City Fukaya Elementary School
See also
List of Railway Stations in Japan
References
External links
Yōrō Railway Official website
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1921
Railway stations in Mie Prefecture
Stations of Yōrō Railway
Kuwana, Mie |
This is a list of German television related events from 1990.
Events
29 March - Chris Kempers & Daniel Kovac are selected to represent Germany at the 1990 Eurovision Song Contest with their song "Frei zu leben". They are selected to be the thirty-fifth German Eurovision entry during Ein Lied für Zagreb held at the German Theatre in Munich.
8 July - West Germany beat Argentina 1-0 to win the 1990 World Cup at Rome, Italy.
3 October - German reunification: All FTA channels broadcast reunification themed events in Berlin and other major cities.
Debuts
Domestic
7 January - Talk im Turm (1990–1999) (Sat. 1)
19 January - Zeil um Zehn (1990–1993) (Hessen 3)
21 January - Tutti Frutti (1990–1993) (RTL)
23 August - Mit den Clowns kamen die Tränen (1990) (Das Erste)
17 October - Ein Schloß am Wörthersee (1990–1993) (RTL)
27 December - Kartoffeln mit Stippe (1990) (ZDF)
International
9 January - Hey Dad..! (1987–1994) (Das Erste)
21 March - Moonlighting (1985–1989) (RTLplus)
21 July - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987–1996) (RTL)
8 September - Count Duckula (1988–1993) (Das Erste)
13 October - / Alfred J. Kwak (1989–1990) (ZDF)
10 November - / Pingu (1986-2006, 2017–Present) (ZDF)
13 November - / Babar (1989–1991) (ARD)
December - / My Pet Monster (1987) (Tele 5)
Armed Forces Network
The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! (1989)
Eureeka's Castle (1989–1995)
Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (1989–1990)
/ Beetlejuice (1989–1991)
Garfield and Friends (1988–1994)
BFBS
24 September - Emlyn's Moon (1990)
1 October - The Brollys (1990)
10 October - The Dreamstone (1990–1995)
12 October - Rosie and Jim (1990–2000)
2 November - How 2 (1990–2006)
3 December - Keeping Up Appearances (1990–1995)
12 December - Uncle Jack (1990–1993)
Nellie the Elephant (1990–1991)
Round the Twist (1989–2001)
Alfonso Bonzo (1990–1991)
Tales of Aesop (1990)
Kappatoo (1990–1992)
The Gift (1990)
// The Further Adventures of SuperTed (1989)
Television shows
1950s
Tagesschau (1952–present)
1960s
heute (1963-present)
1970s
heute-journal (1978-present)
Tagesthemen (1978-present)
1980s
Wetten, dass..? (1981-2014)
Lindenstraße (1985–present)
Ending this year
22 December - Formel Eins (1983-1990)
Births
Deaths |
Tausiyah or tausiah is a term used among the Muslim community in Indonesia, referring to the broadcast of dawah (proselytizing) which is conducted informally. Tausiyah is distinguished from regular khutbah (sermon) which has more serious tone, or Tabligh Akbar which can be attended by thousands of participants.
In practice, tausiyah also refers to the promotion of patience in life, stemming from the Islamic teaching in the Qur'an Surah Al-Asr verse 3:
References
Islam in Indonesia |
Zürcher Oberländer, commonly shortened to ZOL, is a Swiss German-language daily newspaper, published in Wetzikon.
History and profile
Allmann, founded in 1852 in Hinwil, was the earliest predecessor of the as of today Zürcher Oberländer. Allmann in which Jakob Messikommer published a poem, was adopted by the printing office Buchdruckerei Wetzikon AG (as of today Zürcher Oberland Medien AG), which was founded by liberals in 1870, and renamed in Der Freisinnige.
It was published daily starting 1912 and in 1960 merged with the "Volksblatt vom Bachtel which was founded in 1861. It was called now Zürcher Oberländer, but kept under the chief editors Karl Eckinger (1943–1972) and Oskar Fritschi (1972–2004) his liberal orientation.
Following the acquisition of the newspapers Tagblatt des Distrikts Pfäffikon (1972) and the Anzeigers von Uster (1996), ZO reached a leading position in the districts Hinwil, Pfäffikon and Uster. The as before independent Anzeiger von Uster newspaper was integrated as local part of Zürcher Oberländer for the Uster district.
IN 2010, The Tamedia AG acquired a minority stake of 38%, and ZO was integrated into their Zürcher Regionalzeitungen division, claimed to be of compound of the Zürich regional newspapers, in 2011. 1966 the edition occurred 14,330, 23,348 in 1975 and in 2012 32,196 copies.
Zürcher Oberländer describes itself as economic and journalistic independent. It is the official publication media for 20 municipalities in the districts of Hinwil, Pfäffikon and Uster.
References
External links
1852 establishments in Switzerland
1870 establishments in Switzerland
Daily newspapers published in Switzerland
German-language newspapers published in Switzerland
Wetzikon
Newspapers established in 1870
Newspapers published in Zürich |
John Lewis Brenner (February 2, 1832 – November 1, 1906) was an American farmer, nurseryman, businessman and member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio.
Early life
John L. Brenner was born in Wayne Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, the son of Jacob S. Brenner and Sarah Ann Matthews. His parents left Virginia because of a dislike of slavery and settled in Ohio; Jacob was a miller and farmer. John Brenner worked on his father's farm in the summer and attended the local public schools in the winter. He finished his education at the Springfield (Ohio) Academy.
John Brenner married Josephine Moore and farmed in Wayne township until 1862. He then became interested in the nursery business which he pursued very successfully until 1872. In 1866, he moved to Dayton, Ohio, then emerging as a center of tobacco agriculture in Ohio, where he became a merchant in leaf tobacco.
Career
John L. Brenner was elected a member of the City of Dayton board of police commissioners, serving from 1885 to 1887. In 1896, Brenner was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth Congress and re-elected to another term in the Fifty-sixth Congress. Ohio's third district was at the time evenly divided between the two parties, and Mr. Brenner's plurality at each election was barely 100 votes. Brenner was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1900.
Later life and death
After his congressional service, John Lewis Brenner returned to Dayton and resumed his former occupation as a dealer in leaf tobacco. He died in Dayton and was interred in Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio.
Sources
Taylor, William A. Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: The XX Century Publishing Company, 1900.
History of Dayton, Ohio. Dayton, Ohio: United Brethren Publishing House, 1889, 753 pgs.
1832 births
1906 deaths
Politicians from Dayton, Ohio
Burials at Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum
19th-century American politicians
Businesspeople from Dayton, Ohio
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio
19th-century American businesspeople |
```forth
*> \brief \b SGBEQUB
*
* =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
*
* Online html documentation available at
* path_to_url
*
*> \htmlonly
*> Download SGBEQUB + dependencies
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TGZ]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [ZIP]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TXT]</a>
*> \endhtmlonly
*
* Definition:
* ===========
*
* SUBROUTINE SGBEQUB( M, N, KL, KU, AB, LDAB, R, C, ROWCND, COLCND,
* AMAX, INFO )
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
* INTEGER INFO, KL, KU, LDAB, M, N
* REAL AMAX, COLCND, ROWCND
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
* REAL AB( LDAB, * ), C( * ), R( * )
* ..
*
*
*> \par Purpose:
* =============
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> SGBEQUB computes row and column scalings intended to equilibrate an
*> M-by-N matrix A and reduce its condition number. R returns the row
*> scale factors and C the column scale factors, chosen to try to make
*> the largest element in each row and column of the matrix B with
*> elements B(i,j)=R(i)*A(i,j)*C(j) have an absolute value of at most
*> the radix.
*>
*> R(i) and C(j) are restricted to be a power of the radix between
*> SMLNUM = smallest safe number and BIGNUM = largest safe number. Use
*> of these scaling factors is not guaranteed to reduce the condition
*> number of A but works well in practice.
*>
*> This routine differs from SGEEQU by restricting the scaling factors
*> to a power of the radix. Barring over- and underflow, scaling by
*> these factors introduces no additional rounding errors. However, the
*> scaled entries' magnitudes are no longer approximately 1 but lie
*> between sqrt(radix) and 1/sqrt(radix).
*> \endverbatim
*
* Arguments:
* ==========
*
*> \param[in] M
*> \verbatim
*> M is INTEGER
*> The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] N
*> \verbatim
*> N is INTEGER
*> The number of columns of the matrix A. N >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] KL
*> \verbatim
*> KL is INTEGER
*> The number of subdiagonals within the band of A. KL >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] KU
*> \verbatim
*> KU is INTEGER
*> The number of superdiagonals within the band of A. KU >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] AB
*> \verbatim
*> AB is REAL array, dimension (LDAB,N)
*> On entry, the matrix A in band storage, in rows 1 to KL+KU+1.
*> The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the
*> array AB as follows:
*> AB(KU+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-KU)<=i<=min(N,j+kl)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDAB
*> \verbatim
*> LDAB is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the array A. LDAB >= max(1,M).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] R
*> \verbatim
*> R is REAL array, dimension (M)
*> If INFO = 0 or INFO > M, R contains the row scale factors
*> for A.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] C
*> \verbatim
*> C is REAL array, dimension (N)
*> If INFO = 0, C contains the column scale factors for A.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] ROWCND
*> \verbatim
*> ROWCND is REAL
*> If INFO = 0 or INFO > M, ROWCND contains the ratio of the
*> smallest R(i) to the largest R(i). If ROWCND >= 0.1 and
*> AMAX is neither too large nor too small, it is not worth
*> scaling by R.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] COLCND
*> \verbatim
*> COLCND is REAL
*> If INFO = 0, COLCND contains the ratio of the smallest
*> C(i) to the largest C(i). If COLCND >= 0.1, it is not
*> worth scaling by C.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] AMAX
*> \verbatim
*> AMAX is REAL
*> Absolute value of largest matrix element. If AMAX is very
*> close to overflow or very close to underflow, the matrix
*> should be scaled.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] INFO
*> \verbatim
*> INFO is INTEGER
*> = 0: successful exit
*> < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*> > 0: if INFO = i, and i is
*> <= M: the i-th row of A is exactly zero
*> > M: the (i-M)-th column of A is exactly zero
*> \endverbatim
*
* Authors:
* ========
*
*> \author Univ. of Tennessee
*> \author Univ. of California Berkeley
*> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver
*> \author NAG Ltd.
*
*> \ingroup gbequb
*
* =====================================================================
SUBROUTINE SGBEQUB( M, N, KL, KU, AB, LDAB, R, C, ROWCND,
$ COLCND,
$ AMAX, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK computational routine --
* -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
* -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INFO, KL, KU, LDAB, M, N
REAL AMAX, COLCND, ROWCND
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
REAL AB( LDAB, * ), C( * ), R( * )
* ..
*
* =====================================================================
*
* .. Parameters ..
REAL ONE, ZERO
PARAMETER ( ONE = 1.0E+0, ZERO = 0.0E+0 )
* ..
* .. Local Scalars ..
INTEGER I, J, KD
REAL BIGNUM, RCMAX, RCMIN, SMLNUM, RADIX, LOGRDX
* ..
* .. External Functions ..
REAL SLAMCH
EXTERNAL SLAMCH
* ..
* .. External Subroutines ..
EXTERNAL XERBLA
* ..
* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
INTRINSIC ABS, MAX, MIN, LOG
* ..
* .. Executable Statements ..
*
* Test the input parameters.
*
INFO = 0
IF( M.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -1
ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -2
ELSE IF( KL.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -3
ELSE IF( KU.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -4
ELSE IF( LDAB.LT.KL+KU+1 ) THEN
INFO = -6
END IF
IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
CALL XERBLA( 'SGBEQUB', -INFO )
RETURN
END IF
*
* Quick return if possible.
*
IF( M.EQ.0 .OR. N.EQ.0 ) THEN
ROWCND = ONE
COLCND = ONE
AMAX = ZERO
RETURN
END IF
*
* Get machine constants. Assume SMLNUM is a power of the radix.
*
SMLNUM = SLAMCH( 'S' )
BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
RADIX = SLAMCH( 'B' )
LOGRDX = LOG(RADIX)
*
* Compute row scale factors.
*
DO 10 I = 1, M
R( I ) = ZERO
10 CONTINUE
*
* Find the maximum element in each row.
*
KD = KU + 1
DO 30 J = 1, N
DO 20 I = MAX( J-KU, 1 ), MIN( J+KL, M )
R( I ) = MAX( R( I ), ABS( AB( KD+I-J, J ) ) )
20 CONTINUE
30 CONTINUE
DO I = 1, M
IF( R( I ).GT.ZERO ) THEN
R( I ) = RADIX**INT( LOG( R( I ) ) / LOGRDX )
END IF
END DO
*
* Find the maximum and minimum scale factors.
*
RCMIN = BIGNUM
RCMAX = ZERO
DO 40 I = 1, M
RCMAX = MAX( RCMAX, R( I ) )
RCMIN = MIN( RCMIN, R( I ) )
40 CONTINUE
AMAX = RCMAX
*
IF( RCMIN.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
*
* Find the first zero scale factor and return an error code.
*
DO 50 I = 1, M
IF( R( I ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
INFO = I
RETURN
END IF
50 CONTINUE
ELSE
*
* Invert the scale factors.
*
DO 60 I = 1, M
R( I ) = ONE / MIN( MAX( R( I ), SMLNUM ), BIGNUM )
60 CONTINUE
*
* Compute ROWCND = min(R(I)) / max(R(I)).
*
ROWCND = MAX( RCMIN, SMLNUM ) / MIN( RCMAX, BIGNUM )
END IF
*
* Compute column scale factors.
*
DO 70 J = 1, N
C( J ) = ZERO
70 CONTINUE
*
* Find the maximum element in each column,
* assuming the row scaling computed above.
*
DO 90 J = 1, N
DO 80 I = MAX( J-KU, 1 ), MIN( J+KL, M )
C( J ) = MAX( C( J ), ABS( AB( KD+I-J, J ) )*R( I ) )
80 CONTINUE
IF( C( J ).GT.ZERO ) THEN
C( J ) = RADIX**INT( LOG( C( J ) ) / LOGRDX )
END IF
90 CONTINUE
*
* Find the maximum and minimum scale factors.
*
RCMIN = BIGNUM
RCMAX = ZERO
DO 100 J = 1, N
RCMIN = MIN( RCMIN, C( J ) )
RCMAX = MAX( RCMAX, C( J ) )
100 CONTINUE
*
IF( RCMIN.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
*
* Find the first zero scale factor and return an error code.
*
DO 110 J = 1, N
IF( C( J ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
INFO = M + J
RETURN
END IF
110 CONTINUE
ELSE
*
* Invert the scale factors.
*
DO 120 J = 1, N
C( J ) = ONE / MIN( MAX( C( J ), SMLNUM ), BIGNUM )
120 CONTINUE
*
* Compute COLCND = min(C(J)) / max(C(J)).
*
COLCND = MAX( RCMIN, SMLNUM ) / MIN( RCMAX, BIGNUM )
END IF
*
RETURN
*
* End of SGBEQUB
*
END
``` |
Nguyễn Đỗ Cung (1912 - 22 September 1977) was a Vietnamese artist. He was a student of EBAI in Hanoi. In 1946, he was one of the first, with Tô Ngọc Vân and Nguyễn Thị Kim to make portraits of Ho Chi Minh.
In 1963, Cung was entrusted with finding a site for a Vietnam Museum of Fine Arts, (:vi:Bảo tàng mỹ thuật Việt Nam). He selected an abandoned Catholic girls boarding house, run as the Famille de Jean d'Arc, built in 1937. He was awarded the Ho Chi Minh Prize for fine art in 1996.
References
1912 births
1977 deaths
20th-century Vietnamese painters |
In matrix theory, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, proved by and , asserts that a real square matrix with positive entries has a unique eigenvalue of largest magnitude and that eigenvalue is real. The corresponding eigenvector can be chosen to have strictly positive components, and also asserts a similar statement for certain classes of nonnegative matrices. This theorem has important applications to probability theory (ergodicity of Markov chains); to the theory of dynamical systems (subshifts of finite type); to economics (Okishio's theorem, Hawkins–Simon condition);
to demography (Leslie population age distribution model);
to social networks (DeGroot learning process); to Internet search engines (PageRank); and even to ranking of football
teams. The first to discuss the ordering of players within tournaments using Perron–Frobenius eigenvectors is Edmund Landau.
Statement
Let positive and non-negative respectively describe matrices with exclusively positive real numbers as elements and matrices with exclusively non-negative real numbers as elements. The eigenvalues of a real square matrix A are complex numbers that make up the spectrum of the matrix. The exponential growth rate of the matrix powers Ak as k → ∞ is controlled by the eigenvalue of A with the largest absolute value (modulus). The Perron–Frobenius theorem describes the properties of the leading eigenvalue and of the corresponding eigenvectors when A is a non-negative real square matrix. Early results were due to and concerned positive matrices. Later, found their extension to certain classes of non-negative matrices.
Positive matrices
Let be an positive matrix: for . Then the following statements hold.
There is a positive real number r, called the Perron root or the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue (also called the leading eigenvalue or dominant eigenvalue), such that r is an eigenvalue of A and any other eigenvalue λ (possibly complex) in absolute value is strictly smaller than r , |λ| < r. Thus, the spectral radius is equal to r. If the matrix coefficients are algebraic, this implies that the eigenvalue is a Perron number.
The Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue is simple: r is a simple root of the characteristic polynomial of A. Consequently, the eigenspace associated to r is one-dimensional. (The same is true for the left eigenspace, i.e., the eigenspace for AT, the transpose of A.)
There exists an eigenvector v = (v1,...,vn)T of A with eigenvalue r such that all components of v are positive: A v = r v, vi > 0 for 1 ≤ i ≤ n. (Respectively, there exists a positive left eigenvector w : wT A = r wT, wi > 0.) It is known in the literature under many variations as the Perron vector, Perron eigenvector, Perron-Frobenius eigenvector, leading eigenvector, or dominant eigenvector.
There are no other positive (moreover non-negative) eigenvectors except positive multiples of v (respectively, left eigenvectors except 'ww'w), i.e., all other eigenvectors must have at least one negative or non-real component.
, where the left and right eigenvectors for A are normalized so that wTv = 1. Moreover, the matrix v wT is the projection onto the eigenspace corresponding to r. This projection is called the Perron projection.
Collatz–Wielandt formula: for all non-negative non-zero vectors x, let f(x) be the minimum value of [Ax]i / xi taken over all those i such that xi ≠ 0. Then f is a real valued function whose maximum over all non-negative non-zero vectors x is the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue.
A "Min-max" Collatz–Wielandt formula takes a form similar to the one above: for all strictly positive vectors x, let g(x) be the maximum value of [Ax]i / xi taken over i. Then g is a real valued function whose minimum over all strictly positive vectors x is the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue.
Birkhoff–Varga formula: Let x and y be strictly positive vectors. Then
Donsker–Varadhan–Friedland formula: Let p be a probability vector and x a strictly positive vector. Then Friedland, S., 1981. Convex spectral functions. Linear and multilinear algebra, 9(4), pp.299-316.
Fiedler formula:
The Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue satisfies the inequalities
All of these properties extend beyond strictly positive matrices to primitive matrices (see below). Facts 1–7 can be found in Meyer chapter 8 claims 8.2.11–15 page 667 and exercises 8.2.5,7,9 pages 668–669.
The left and right eigenvectors w and v are sometimes normalized so that the sum of their components is equal to 1; in this case, they are sometimes called stochastic eigenvectors. Often they are normalized so that the right eigenvector v sums to one, while .
Non-negative matrices
There is an extension to matrices with non-negative entries. Since any non-negative matrix can be obtained as a limit of positive matrices, one obtains the existence of an eigenvector with non-negative components; the corresponding eigenvalue will be non-negative and greater than or equal, in absolute value, to all other eigenvalues. However, for the example , the maximum eigenvalue r = 1 has the same absolute value as the other eigenvalue −1; while for , the maximum eigenvalue is r = 0, which is not a simple root of the characteristic polynomial, and the corresponding eigenvector (1, 0) is not strictly positive.
However, Frobenius found a special subclass of non-negative matrices — irreducible matrices — for which a non-trivial generalization is possible. For such a matrix, although the eigenvalues attaining the maximal absolute value might not be unique, their structure is under control: they have the form , where is a real strictly positive eigenvalue, and ranges over the complex h th roots of 1 for some positive integer h called the period of the matrix.
The eigenvector corresponding to has strictly positive components (in contrast with the general case of non-negative matrices, where components are only non-negative). Also all such eigenvalues are simple roots of the characteristic polynomial. Further properties are described below.
Classification of matrices
Let A be a n × n square matrix over field F.
The matrix A is irreducible if any of the following equivalent properties
holds.Definition 1 : A does not have non-trivial invariant coordinate subspaces.
Here a non-trivial coordinate subspace means a linear subspace spanned by any proper subset of standard basis vectors of Fn. More explicitly, for any linear subspace spanned by standard basis vectors ei1 , ...,
eik, 0 < k < n its image under the action of A is not contained in the same subspace.Definition 2: A cannot be conjugated into block upper triangular form by a permutation matrix P:
where E and G are non-trivial (i.e. of size greater than zero) square matrices.Definition 3: One can associate with a matrix A a certain directed graph GA. It has n vertices labeled 1,...,n, and there is an edge from vertex i to vertex j precisely when aij ≠ 0. Then the matrix A is irreducible if and only if its associated graph GA is strongly connected.
If F is the field of real or complex numbers, then we also have the following condition.Definition 4: The group representation of on or on given by has no non-trivial invariant coordinate subspaces. (By comparison, this would be an irreducible representation if there were no non-trivial invariant subspaces at all, not only considering coordinate subspaces.)
A matrix is reducible if it is not irreducible.
A real matrix A is primitive if it is non-negative and its mth power is positive for some natural number m (i.e. all entries of Am are positive).
Let A be real and non-negative. Fix an index i and define the period of index i to be the greatest common divisor of all natural numbers m such that (Am)ii > 0. When A is irreducible, the period of every index is the same and is called the period of A. In fact, when A is irreducible, the period can be defined as the greatest common divisor of the lengths of the closed directed paths in GA (see Kitchens page 16). The period is also called the index of imprimitivity (Meyer page 674) or the order of cyclicity. If the period is 1, A is aperiodic. It can be proved that primitive matrices are the same as irreducible aperiodic non-negative matrices.
All statements of the Perron–Frobenius theorem for positive matrices remain true for primitive matrices. The same statements also hold for a non-negative irreducible matrix, except that it may possess several eigenvalues whose absolute value is equal to its spectral radius, so the statements need to be correspondingly modified. In fact the number of such eigenvalues is equal to the period.
Results for non-negative matrices were first obtained by Frobenius in 1912.
Perron–Frobenius theorem for irreducible non-negative matrices
Let be an irreducible non-negative matrix with period and spectral radius .
Then the following statements hold.
The number is a positive real number and it is an eigenvalue of the matrix . It is called Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue.
The Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue is simple. Both right and left eigenspaces associated with are one-dimensional.
has both a right and a left eigenvectors, respectively and , with eigenvalue and whose components are all positive. Moreover these are the only eigenvectors whose components are all positive are those associated with the eigenvalue .
The matrix has exactly (where is the period) complex eigenvalues with absolute value . Each of them is a simple root of the characteristic polynomial and is the product of with an th root of unity.
Let . Then the matrix is similar to , consequently the spectrum of is invariant under multiplication by (i.e. to rotations of the complex plane by the angle ).
If then there exists a permutation matrix such that
where denotes a zero matrix and the blocks along the main diagonal are square matrices.
Collatz–Wielandt formula: for all non-negative non-zero vectors let be the minimum value of taken over all those such that . Then is a real valued function whose maximum is the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue.
The Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue satisfies the inequalities
The example shows that the (square) zero-matrices along the diagonal may be of different sizes, the blocks Aj need not be square, and h need not divide n.
Further properties
Let A be an irreducible non-negative matrix, then:
(I+A)n−1 is a positive matrix. (Meyer claim 8.3.5 p. 672). For a non-negative A, this is also a sufficient condition.
Wielandt's theorem. If |B|<A, then ρ(B)≤ρ(A). If equality holds (i.e. if μ=ρ(A)eiφ is eigenvalue for B), then B = eiφ D AD−1 for some diagonal unitary matrix D (i.e. diagonal elements of D equals to eiΘl, non-diagonal are zero).
If some power Aq is reducible, then it is completely reducible, i.e. for some permutation matrix P, it is true that: , where Ai are irreducible matrices having the same maximal eigenvalue. The number of these matrices d is the greatest common divisor of q and h, where h is period of A.
If c(x) = xn + ck1 xn-k1 + ck2 xn-k2 + ... + cks xn-ks is the characteristic polynomial of A in which only the non-zero terms are listed, then the period of A equals the greatest common divisor of k1, k2, ... , ks.
Cesàro averages: where the left and right eigenvectors for A are normalized so that wTv = 1. Moreover, the matrix v wT is the spectral projection corresponding to r, the Perron projection.
Let r be the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue, then the adjoint matrix for (r-A) is positive.
If A has at least one non-zero diagonal element, then A is primitive.
If 0 ≤ A < B, then rA ≤ rB. Moreover, if B is irreducible, then the inequality is strict: rA < rB.
A matrix A is primitive provided it is non-negative and Am is positive for some m, and hence Ak is positive for all k ≥ m. To check primitivity, one needs a bound on how large the minimal such m can be, depending on the size of A:
If A is a non-negative primitive matrix of size n, then An2 − 2n + 2 is positive. Moreover, this is the best possible result, since for the matrix M below, the power Mk is not positive for every k < n2 − 2n + 2, since (Mn2 − 2n+1)11 = 0.
Applications
Numerous books have been written on the subject of non-negative matrices, and Perron–Frobenius theory is invariably a central feature. The following examples given below only scratch the surface of its vast application domain.
Non-negative matrices
The Perron–Frobenius theorem does not apply directly to non-negative matrices. Nevertheless, any reducible square matrix A may be written in upper-triangular block form (known as the normal form of a reducible matrix)
PAP−1 =
where P is a permutation matrix and each Bi is a square matrix that is either irreducible or zero. Now if A is
non-negative then so too is each block of PAP−1, moreover the spectrum of A is just the union of the spectra of the
Bi.
The invertibility of A can also be studied. The inverse of PAP−1 (if it exists) must have diagonal blocks of the form Bi−1 so if any
Bi isn't invertible then neither is PAP−1 or A.
Conversely let D be the block-diagonal matrix corresponding to PAP−1, in other words PAP−1 with the
asterisks zeroised. If each Bi is invertible then so is D and D−1(PAP−1) is equal to the
identity plus a nilpotent matrix. But such a matrix is always invertible (if Nk = 0 the inverse of 1 − N is
1 + N + N2 + ... + Nk−1) so PAP−1 and A are both invertible.
Therefore, many of the spectral properties of A may be deduced by applying the theorem to the irreducible Bi. For example, the Perron root is the maximum of the ρ(Bi). While there will still be eigenvectors with non-negative components it is quite possible
that none of these will be positive.
Stochastic matrices
A row (column) stochastic matrix is a square matrix each of whose rows (columns) consists of non-negative real numbers whose sum is unity. The theorem cannot be applied directly to such matrices because they need not be irreducible.
If A is row-stochastic then the column vector with each entry 1 is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 1, which is also ρ(A) by the remark above. It might not be the only eigenvalue on the unit circle: and the associated eigenspace can be multi-dimensional. If A is row-stochastic and irreducible then the Perron projection is also row-stochastic and all its rows are equal.
Algebraic graph theory
The theorem has particular use in algebraic graph theory. The "underlying graph" of a nonnegative n-square matrix is the graph with vertices numbered 1, ..., n and arc ij if and only if Aij ≠ 0. If the underlying graph of such a matrix is strongly connected, then the matrix is irreducible, and thus the theorem applies. In particular, the adjacency matrix of a strongly connected graph is irreducible.
Finite Markov chains
The theorem has a natural interpretation in the theory of finite Markov chains (where it is the matrix-theoretic equivalent of the convergence of an irreducible finite Markov chain to its stationary distribution, formulated in terms of the transition matrix of the chain; see, for example, the article on the subshift of finite type).
Compact operators
More generally, it can be extended to the case of non-negative compact operators, which, in many ways, resemble finite-dimensional matrices. These are commonly studied in physics, under the name of transfer operators, or sometimes Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius operators (after David Ruelle). In this case, the leading eigenvalue corresponds to the thermodynamic equilibrium of a dynamical system, and the lesser eigenvalues to the decay modes of a system that is not in equilibrium. Thus, the theory offers a way of discovering the arrow of time in what would otherwise appear to be reversible, deterministic dynamical processes, when examined from the point of view of point-set topology.
Proof methods
A common thread in many proofs is the Brouwer fixed point theorem. Another popular method is that of Wielandt (1950). He used the Collatz–Wielandt formula described above to extend and clarify Frobenius's work. Another proof is based on the spectral theory from which part of the arguments are borrowed.
Perron root is strictly maximal eigenvalue for positive (and primitive) matrices
If A is a positive (or more generally primitive) matrix, then there exists a real positive eigenvalue r (Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue or Perron root), which is strictly greater in absolute value than all other eigenvalues, hence r is the spectral radius of A.
This statement does not hold for general non-negative irreducible matrices, which have h eigenvalues with the same absolute eigenvalue as r, where h is the period of A.
Proof for positive matrices
Let A be a positive matrix, assume that its spectral radius ρ(A) = 1 (otherwise consider A/ρ(A)). Hence, there exists an eigenvalue λ on the unit circle, and all the other eigenvalues are less or equal 1 in absolute value. Suppose that another eigenvalue λ ≠ 1 also falls on the unit circle. Then there exists a positive integer m such that Am is a positive matrix and the real part of λm is negative. Let ε be half the smallest diagonal entry of Am and set T = Am − εI which is yet another positive matrix. Moreover, if Ax = λx then Amx = λmx thus λm − ε is an eigenvalue of T. Because of the choice of m this point lies outside the unit disk consequently ρ(T) > 1. On the other hand, all the entries in T are positive and less than or equal to those in Am so by Gelfand's formula ρ(T) ≤ ρ(Am) ≤ ρ(A)m = 1. This contradiction means that λ=1 and there can be no other eigenvalues on the unit circle.
Absolutely the same arguments can be applied to the case of primitive matrices; we just need to mention the following simple lemma, which clarifies the properties of primitive matrices.
Lemma
Given a non-negative A, assume there exists m, such that Am is positive, then Am+1, Am+2, Am+3,... are all positive.
Am+1 = AAm, so it can have zero element only if some row of A is entirely zero, but in this case the same row of Am will be zero.
Applying the same arguments as above for primitive matrices, prove the main claim.
Power method and the positive eigenpair
For a positive (or more generally irreducible non-negative) matrix A the dominant eigenvector is real and strictly positive (for non-negative A respectively non-negative.)
This can be established using the power method, which states that for a sufficiently generic (in the sense below) matrix A the sequence of vectors bk+1 = Abk / | Abk | converges to the eigenvector with the maximum eigenvalue. (The initial vector b0 can be chosen arbitrarily except for some measure zero set). Starting with a non-negative vector b0 produces the sequence of non-negative vectors bk. Hence the limiting vector is also non-negative. By the power method this limiting vector is the dominant eigenvector for A, proving the assertion. The corresponding eigenvalue is non-negative.
The proof requires two additional arguments. First, the power method converges for matrices which do not have several eigenvalues of the same absolute value as the maximal one. The previous section's argument guarantees this.
Second, to ensure strict positivity of all of the components of the eigenvector for the case of irreducible matrices. This follows from the following fact, which is of independent interest:
Lemma: given a positive (or more generally irreducible non-negative) matrix A and v as any non-negative eigenvector for A, then it is necessarily strictly positive and the corresponding eigenvalue is also strictly positive.
Proof. One of the definitions of irreducibility for non-negative matrices is that for all indexes i,j there exists m, such that (Am)ij is strictly positive. Given a non-negative eigenvector v, and that at least one of its components say j-th is strictly positive, the corresponding eigenvalue is strictly positive, indeed, given n such that (An)ii >0, hence: rnvi =
Anvi ≥
(An)iivi
>0. Hence r is strictly positive. The eigenvector is strict positivity. Then given m, such that (Am)ij >0, hence: rmvj =
(Amv)j ≥
(Am)ijvi >0, hence
vj is strictly positive, i.e., the eigenvector is strictly positive.
Multiplicity one
This section proves that the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue is a simple root of the characteristic polynomial of the matrix. Hence the eigenspace associated to Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue r is one-dimensional. The arguments here are close to those in Meyer.
Given a strictly positive eigenvector v corresponding to r and another eigenvector w with the same eigenvalue. (The vectors v and w can be chosen to be real, because A and r are both real, so the null space of A-r has a basis consisting of real vectors.) Assuming at least one of the components of w is positive (otherwise multiply w by −1). Given maximal possible α such that u=v- α w is non-negative, then one of the components of u is zero, otherwise α is not maximum. Vector u is an eigenvector. It is non-negative, hence by the lemma described in the previous section non-negativity implies strict positivity for any eigenvector. On the other hand, as above at least one component of u is zero. The contradiction implies that w does not exist.
Case: There are no Jordan cells corresponding to the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue r and all other eigenvalues which have the same absolute value.
If there is a Jordan cell, then the infinity norm
(A/r)k∞ tends to infinity for k → ∞ ,
but that contradicts the existence of the positive eigenvector.
Given r = 1, or A/r. Letting v be a Perron–Frobenius strictly positive eigenvector, so Av=v, then:
So Ak∞ is bounded for all k. This gives another proof that there are no eigenvalues which have greater absolute value than Perron–Frobenius one. It also contradicts the existence of the Jordan cell for any eigenvalue which has absolute value equal to 1 (in particular for the Perron–Frobenius one), because existence of the Jordan cell implies that Ak∞ is unbounded. For a two by two matrix:
hence Jk∞ = |k + λ| (for |λ| = 1), so it tends to infinity when k does so. Since Jk = C−1 AkC, then Ak ≥ Jk/ (C−1 C ), so it also tends to infinity. The resulting contradiction implies that there are no Jordan cells for the corresponding eigenvalues.
Combining the two claims above reveals that the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue r is simple root of the characteristic polynomial. In the case of nonprimitive matrices, there exist other eigenvalues which have the same absolute value as r. The same claim is true for them, but requires more work.
No other non-negative eigenvectors
Given positive (or more generally irreducible non-negative matrix) A, the Perron–Frobenius eigenvector is the only (up to multiplication by constant) non-negative eigenvector for A.
Other eigenvectors must contain negative or complex components since eigenvectors for different eigenvalues are orthogonal in some sense, but two positive eigenvectors cannot be orthogonal, so they must correspond to the same eigenvalue, but the eigenspace for the Perron–Frobenius is one-dimensional.
Assuming there exists an eigenpair (λ, y) for A, such that vector y is positive, and given (r, x), where x – is the left Perron–Frobenius eigenvector for A (i.e. eigenvector for AT), then
rxTy = (xT A) y = xT (Ay) = λxTy, also xT y > 0, so one has: r = λ. Since the eigenspace for the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue r is one-dimensional, non-negative eigenvector y is a multiple of the Perron–Frobenius one.
Collatz–Wielandt formula
Given a positive (or more generally irreducible non-negative matrix) A, one defines
the function f on the set of all non-negative non-zero vectors x such that f(x) is the minimum value of [Ax]i / xi taken over all those i such that xi ≠ 0. Then f is a real-valued function, whose maximum is the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue r.
For the proof we denote the maximum of f by the value R. The proof requires to show R = r. Inserting the Perron-Frobenius eigenvector v into f, we obtain f(v) = r and conclude r ≤ R. For the opposite inequality, we consider an arbitrary nonnegative vector x and let ξ=f(x). The definition of f gives 0 ≤ ξx ≤ Ax (componentwise). Now, we use the positive right eigenvector w for A for the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue r, then ξ wT x = wT ξx ≤ wT (Ax) = (wT A)x = r wT x . Hence f(x) = ξ ≤ r, which implies
R ≤ r.
Perron projection as a limit: Ak/rk
Let A be a positive (or more generally, primitive) matrix, and let r be its Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue.
There exists a limit Ak/rk for k → ∞, denote it by P.
P is a projection operator: P2 = P, which commutes with A: AP = PA.
The image of P is one-dimensional and spanned by the Perron–Frobenius eigenvector v (respectively for PT—by the Perron–Frobenius eigenvector w for AT).
P = vwT, where v,w are normalized such that wT v = 1.
Hence P is a positive operator.
Hence P is a spectral projection for the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue r, and is called the Perron projection. The above assertion is not true for general non-negative irreducible matrices.
Actually the claims above (except claim 5) are valid for any matrix M such that there exists an eigenvalue r which is strictly greater than the other eigenvalues in absolute value and is the simple root of the characteristic polynomial. (These requirements hold for primitive matrices as above).
Given that M is diagonalizable, M is conjugate to a diagonal matrix with eigenvalues r1, ... , rn on the diagonal (denote r1 = r). The matrix Mk/rk will be conjugate (1, (r2/r)k, ... , (rn/r)k), which tends to (1,0,0,...,0), for k → ∞, so the limit exists. The same method works for general M (without assuming that M is diagonalizable).
The projection and commutativity properties are elementary corollaries of the definition: MMk/rk = Mk/rk M ; P2 = lim M2k/r2k = P. The third fact is also elementary: M(Pu) = M lim Mk/rk u = lim rMk+1/rk+1u, so taking the limit yields M(Pu) = r(Pu), so image of P lies in the r-eigenspace for M, which is one-dimensional by the assumptions.
Denoting by v, r-eigenvector for M (by w for MT). Columns of P are multiples of v, because the image of P is spanned by it. Respectively, rows of w. So P takes a form (a v wT), for some a. Hence its trace equals to (a wT v). Trace of projector equals the dimension of its image. It was proved before that it is not more than one-dimensional. From the definition one sees that P acts identically on the r-eigenvector for M. So it is one-dimensional. So choosing (wTv) = 1, implies P = vwT.
Inequalities for Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue
For any non-negative matrix A its Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue r satisfies the inequality:
This is not specific to non-negative matrices: for any matrix A with an eigenvalue it is true
that . This is an immediate corollary of the
Gershgorin circle theorem. However another proof is more direct:
Any matrix induced norm satisfies the inequality for any eigenvalue because, if is a corresponding eigenvector, . The infinity norm of a matrix is the maximum of row sums: Hence the desired inequality is exactly applied to the non-negative matrix A.
Another inequality is:
This fact is specific to non-negative matrices; for general matrices there is nothing similar. Given that A is positive (not just non-negative), then there exists a positive eigenvector w such that Aw = rw and the smallest component of w (say wi) is 1. Then r = (Aw)i ≥ the sum of the numbers in row i of A. Thus the minimum row sum gives a lower bound for r and this observation can be extended to all non-negative matrices by continuity.
Another way to argue it is via the Collatz-Wielandt formula. One takes the vector x = (1, 1, ..., 1) and immediately obtains the inequality.
Further proofs
Perron projection
The proof now proceeds using spectral decomposition. The trick here is to split the Perron root from the other eigenvalues. The spectral projection associated with the Perron root is called the Perron projection and it enjoys the following property:
The Perron projection of an irreducible non-negative square matrix is a positive matrix.
Perron's findings and also (1)–(5) of the theorem are corollaries of this result. The key point is that a positive projection always has rank one. This means that if A is an irreducible non-negative square matrix then the algebraic and geometric multiplicities of its Perron root are both one. Also if P is its Perron projection then AP = PA = ρ(A)P so every column of P is a positive right eigenvector of A and every row is a positive left eigenvector. Moreover, if Ax = λx then PAx = λPx = ρ(A)Px which means Px = 0 if λ ≠ ρ(A). Thus the only positive eigenvectors are those associated with ρ(A). If A is a primitive matrix with ρ(A) = 1 then it can be decomposed as P ⊕ (1 − P)A so that An = P + (1 − P)An. As n increases the second of these terms decays to zero leaving P as the limit of An as n → ∞.
The power method is a convenient way to compute the Perron projection of a primitive matrix. If v and w are the positive row and column vectors that it generates then the Perron projection is just wv/vw. The spectral projections aren't neatly blocked as in the Jordan form. Here they are overlaid and each generally has complex entries extending to all four corners of the square matrix. Nevertheless, they retain their mutual orthogonality which is what facilitates the decomposition.
Peripheral projection
The analysis when A is irreducible and non-negative is broadly similar. The Perron projection is still positive but there may now be other eigenvalues of modulus ρ(A) that negate use of the power method and prevent the powers of (1 − P)A decaying as in the primitive case whenever ρ(A) = 1. So we consider the peripheral projection', which is the spectral projection of A corresponding to all the eigenvalues that have modulus ρ(A). It may then be shown that the peripheral projection of an irreducible non-negative square matrix is a non-negative matrix with a positive diagonal.
Cyclicity
Suppose in addition that ρ(A) = 1 and A has h eigenvalues on the unit circle. If P is the peripheral projection then the matrix R = AP = PA is non-negative and irreducible, Rh = P, and the cyclic group P, R, R2, ...., Rh−1 represents the harmonics of A. The spectral projection of A at the eigenvalue λ on the unit circle is given by the formula . All of these projections (including the Perron projection) have the same positive diagonal, moreover choosing any one of them and then taking the modulus of every entry invariably yields the Perron projection. Some donkey work is still needed in order to establish the cyclic properties (6)–(8) but it's essentially just a matter of turning the handle. The spectral decomposition of A is given by A = R ⊕ (1 − P)A so the difference between An and Rn is An − Rn = (1 − P)An representing the transients of An which eventually decay to zero. P may be computed as the limit of Anh as n → ∞.
Counterexamples
The matrices L = , P = , T = , M = provide simple examples of what can go wrong if the necessary conditions are not met. It is easily seen that the Perron and peripheral projections of L are both equal to P, thus when the original matrix is reducible the projections may lose non-negativity and there is no chance of expressing them as limits of its powers. The matrix T is an example of a primitive matrix with zero diagonal. If the diagonal of an irreducible non-negative square matrix is non-zero then the matrix must be primitive but this example demonstrates that the converse is false. M is an example of a matrix with several missing spectral teeth. If ω = eiπ/3 then ω6 = 1 and the eigenvalues of M are {1,ω2,ω3=-1,ω4} with a dimension 2 eigenspace for +1 so ω and ω5 are both absent. More precisely, since M is block-diagonal cyclic, then the eigenvalues are {1,-1} for the first block, and {1,ω2,ω4} for the lower one
Terminology
A problem that causes confusion is a lack of standardisation in the definitions. For example, some authors use the terms strictly positive and positive to mean > 0 and ≥ 0 respectively. In this article positive means > 0 and non-negative means ≥ 0. Another vexed area concerns decomposability and reducibility: irreducible is an overloaded term. For avoidance of doubt a non-zero non-negative square matrix A such that 1 + A is primitive is sometimes said to be connected. Then irreducible non-negative square matrices and connected matrices are synonymous.
The nonnegative eigenvector is often normalized so that the sum of its components is equal to unity; in this case, the eigenvector is the vector of a probability distribution and is sometimes called a stochastic eigenvector.Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue and dominant eigenvalue are alternative names for the Perron root. Spectral projections are also known as spectral projectors and spectral idempotents. The period is sometimes referred to as the index of imprimitivity or the order of cyclicity.
See also
Metzler matrix (Quasipositive matrix)
Notes
References
(1959 edition had different title: "Applications of the theory of matrices". Also the numeration of chapters is different in the two editions.)
Further reading
Abraham Berman, Robert J. Plemmons, Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences, 1994, SIAM. .
Chris Godsil and Gordon Royle, Algebraic Graph Theory, Springer, 2001.
A. Graham, Nonnegative Matrices and Applicable Topics in Linear Algebra, John Wiley&Sons, New York, 1987.
R. A. Horn and C.R. Johnson, Matrix Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 1990
Bas Lemmens and Roger Nussbaum, Nonlinear Perron-Frobenius Theory, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics 189, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012.
S. P. Meyn and R. L. Tweedie, Markov Chains and Stochastic Stability London: Springer-Verlag, 1993. (2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Seneta, E. Non-negative matrices and Markov chains. 2nd rev. ed., 1981, XVI, 288 p., Softcover Springer Series in Statistics. (Originally published by Allen & Unwin Ltd., London, 1973)
(The claim that Aj has order n/h'' at the end of the statement of the theorem is incorrect.)
.
Matrix theory
Theorems in linear algebra
Markov processes |
Alonso is a crater in the southern hemisphere of Miranda, a moon of Uranus, located at 44° S, 352.6 ° E. It has a diameter of . The crater is named after Alonso, King of Naples, one of the characters in Shakespeare's The Tempest.
References
External links
Impact craters on Uranus' moons
Miranda (moon) |
Bob-Manuel Obidimma Udokwu (born 18 April 1967) is a Nigerian actor, movie director, producer and politician. In 2014, he received the Lifetime Achievement award at the 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards. He was nominated for Best Actor in a supporting role at the 2013 Nollywood Movies Awards for his role in Adesuwa.
Background
He is from Nkwelle-Ogidi, Idemili North L.G.A. of Anambra State, Nigeria. He is of Igbo ethnicity. The name of his father is Geoffrey Nwafor Udokwu and the name of his mother is Ezelagbo Udokwu. He was born in Enugu State. He is the fourth child in a family of 6 children. He is also the second son. He comes from a family which consists of three male and three female children.
Education
He attended St. Peters Primary School (now Hillside Primary School) in the Coal Camp, Enugu, Enugu State for his elementary education, and Oraukwu Grammar School, Oraukwu, Anambra State for his secondary education. He proceeded to the University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Theatre Arts. He bagged a master's degree in Political Science with a specialization in International Relations from the University of Lagos, Lagos State. He was the president of the Nigeria University Theater Art Student Association for the year 1989-1990
Personal life
Udokwu met his wife Cassandra Joseph when he was doing his master's degree program at the University of Lagos, while she was an undergraduate at the university. They married on 19 February 2000. They have two children: Elyon Chinaza (a girl) and Marcus Garvey (a boy). He named his son, Garvey Udokwu after the political leader, Marcus Garvey. He is a Christian. He was appointed by the governor of Anambra state, Charles Soludo, as a special adviser on entertainment, tourism, and media.
Filmography
Film
Living in Bondage
Rattlesnake
True Confessions
When the Sun Sets
Karishika
The Key for Happiness
Black Maria
What a World
Heaven after Hell
A Time to Love
Cover Up
Endless Tears
Naked Sin
My Time
Home Apart
Games Men Play
Soul Engagement
Living in Bondage: Breaking Free
Television
At Your Service
Checkmate
See also
List of Igbo people
List of Nigerian film producers
References
External links
Nigerian film directors
Nigerian film producers
Nigerian actor-politicians
Lifetime Achievement Award Africa Movie Academy Award winners
Living people
1967 births
20th-century Nigerian male actors
Nigerian male film actors
University of Lagos alumni
University of Port Harcourt alumni
Igbo male actors
Nigerian Christians
People from Anambra State
Nigerian politicians
21st-century Nigerian male actors |
Kairat Sarymsakov (born May 31, 1989) is a Kazakh Taekwondo athlete who won a bronze medal at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships after being defeated by Nikita Rafalovich.
In 2017, he won the silver medal in the men's −74 kg event at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
References
Living people
1989 births
Kazakhstani male taekwondo practitioners
Taekwondo practitioners at the 2014 Asian Games
Asian Games medalists in taekwondo
Asian Games bronze medalists for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
21st-century Kazakhstani people |
Work for All is a studio album from Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. It was first released in 1983 and rapidly achieved major success in South Africa where it is now remembered as a classic album in the history of South African music.
While Clegg is known for the socio-political bent of his lyrics, Work for All is known to be his most directly political album in the Juluka period. At the time that it was composed he was working closely with the trade union movement.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Johnny Clegg
"December African Rain" – 4:20
"Bullets for Bafazane" – 3:53
"Mana Lapho" – 3:52
"Baba Nango" – 3:46
"Walima 'Mabele" – 4:17
"Work For All" – 3:56
"Gunship Ghetto" – 3:42
"Woza Moya" – 3:34
"Mdantsane (Mud Coloured Dusty Blood)" – 3:56
"Mantombana" – 3:40
Total: 39:28
Personnel
Johnny Clegg - vocals, guitar
Sipho Mchunu - guitar, percussion, vocals
Gary Van Zyl - bass guitar, percussion, vocals
Zola Mtiya - drums, percussion, vocals
Tim Hoare - keyboards, vocals
Scorpion Madondo - flute, saxophone, vocals
References
External links
Work For All - on the Juluka website
Juluka albums
1983 albums |
Ashmun al-Rumman ( , ) is a village in the markaz of Dekernes in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Known in classical antiquity as Zmoumis () and in the Islamic Middle Ages as Ushmum-Tannah, Ashmun al-Rumman was formerly a major city, serving as a provincial capital.
Name
Ashmun al-Rumman was known anciently as Zmoumis (). The Coptic name of the city is Shmoun Erman (ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ). In the Middle Ages, before acquiring its current epithet, the city was called Ushmum-Tannah ( ). The first author to use the present name was Abu'l-Fida, who wrote it as Ushmūm ar-Rummān, or "Ushmum of the pomegranates". The name was commonly pronounced Ushmūn in everyday speech during this period.
History
Ancient Zmoumis was located in the Mendesian nome, in the toparchy of Phernouphites. In the second half of the 2nd century CE, Zmoumis was a coastal settlement, with a number of residents engaged in fishing as well as a harbor (limnē).
At the time of Yaqut al-Hamawi, Ashmun al-Rumman was the capital of the province of Dakahlia. At the time of Ibn Ji'an, it was the capital of both Dakahlia and al-Murtahiyah. At the time of the Rauk el-Naçiri, it was part of a region called the ˁamal Ushmūm-Ṭannāḥ, stretching from the areas of Alexandria to Damietta, and comprising the districts of Rosetta and Borollos alongside the provinces of Dakahlia and al-Murtahiya. Ashmun al-Rumman was known for its production of pomegranates, hence the name.
The 1885 Census of Egypt recorded Ashmun al-Rumman (as Achmoun-el-Romman) as a nahiyah in the district of Dekernes in Dakahlia Governorate; at that time, the population of the town was 1,881 (942 men and 939 women).
In 1902, Ashmun al-Rumman was again described as a nahiyah in the district of Dekernes. It was home to 2,429 people (1,220 men and 1,209 women), including 2,331 Muslims and 98 Christians (including 81 Copts). The village's cultivated area covered an area of 776 feddans, and it was irrigated by two canals: the Bahr el Saghir to the north and the Ezz el Dine to the east. Major crops were cotton, wheat, maize, bersim, barley, and rice, as well as dates. There were 3 Muslim kuttabs as well as a Coptic school, two mosques, a steam-powered flour mill, a small post office, looms making wool and cotton cloth, and dye workshops.
References
Populated places in Dakahlia Governorate |
Natalija Piliušina (born 1990) is an eight time NCAA All-American, 2013 1500 NCAA champion, and Lithuania record holder and fastest miler in Baltic history. Natalija was the '14-'15 Oklahoma State University athlete of the year.
References
1990 births
Living people
Oklahoma State University alumni
Track and field athletes from Oklahoma
Lithuanian female middle-distance runners
Lithuanian female long-distance runners
Sportspeople from Klaipėda |
James Wemyss may refer to:
James Wemyss, Lord Burntisland (died 1682), husband of Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss
James Wemyss, 5th Earl of Wemyss (1699–1756), grandson of the preceding, Scottish peer
James Wemyss (1726–1786), son of the preceding, Scottish MP
James Erskine Wemyss (1789–1854), grandson of the preceding, Scottish admiral and MP
James Hay Erskine Wemyss (1829–1864), son of the preceding, Scottish MP
James Wemyss (New Zealand politician) (1828–1909), Member of Parliament in Nelson, New Zealand
James Wemyss (British Army officer) (1748–1833), major during American Revolutionary War at Battle of Fishdam Ford
See also
James Weams (1851–1911), aka James Wemyss, Durham comedian and singer/songwriter |
Pink Dot SG, known endonymously as Pink Dot, is a pride event that has occurred annually since 2009 in support of the LGBT community in Singapore. Attendees of Pink Dot events gather to form a "pink dot" to show support for inclusiveness, diversity and the freedom to love in the country. Pink Dot events typically include concert performances and booths sponsored by organizations that support the LGBT community and cause in addition to the event's name-brand formation.
The success of Pink Dot in Singapore has inspired similar events in several other countries, leading to the event to become known as Pink Dot SG — SG being an initialism for Singapore. It has been held each year in Singapore from 2009 to 2019 at the Speakers' Corner in Hong Lim Park on a Saturday in the months of May, June or July. The 2020 and 2021 editions were held as online livestreams, in view of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The 2022 edition and subsequent editions were held in-person once again.
History
In September 2008, the rules governing activities conducted at Singapore's Speakers' Corner at Hong Lim Park were relaxed, allowing demonstrations organised by Singaporeans to be held at the park, providing that all participants are either citizens or permanent residents. This allowed the first Pink Dot SG event to take place at the Speakers' Corner on 16 May 2009.
A total of nine Pink Dot events have been held in Singapore, occurring annually on Saturdays in May, June or July. Many organisations around the world modeled LGBT events after the Pink Dot concept, often borrowing the "Pink Dot" prefix. For distinction, the Singapore events became known as Pink Dot SG.
The design of the Pink Dot SG mascot "Pinkie", a personification of the pink dot, was provided by graphic designer Soh Ee Shaun.
Events
Each event from 2009 to 2019 took place on a Saturday at Speakers' Corner in Hong Lim Park with the exception of the 2020 and 2021 editions where it was held online due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2022, events were held in-person once again.
Pink Dot SG 2009
Pink Dot SG 2009 was held on 16 May, launched with a campaign video titled "RED + WHITE = PINK". It was Singapore's first public, open-air, pro-LGBT event and established the record at the time for the greatest turnout for a gathering at Speakers' Corner in Hong Lim Park since the venue's inception. The event was deemed a milestone for Singapore's LGBT community.
Ambassadors of the event were local celebrities: actor Timothy Nga, actress Neo Swee Lin and radio DJ Rosalyn Lee. During the event, formations of the words "LOVE" and "4All" were created by participants. The event concluded with the formation of the titular Pink Dot.
The pioneer Pink Dot SG event was given extensive coverage in both international and local media. Locally, The Straits Times and TODAY newspapers covered the event. However, reports regarding the number of attendees were inconsistent. Organisers estimated an attendance of 2,500, while The Straits Times reported a turnout of 1,000, and TODAY reported "at least 500". Internationally, the event was covered by the BBC and the New York Times, with reports syndicated to publications around the world through wire services the Associated Press and Agence France-Presse.
Pink Dot SG 2010
Pink Dot SG 2010 was held on 15 May, with the theme: "Focusing on Our Families". There was a turnout of 4,000 participants and the event received local media coverage by Channel News Asia and The Sunday Times. The event was also reported internationally by the BBC, the Associated Press, Reuters and Agence France-Presse.
Ambassadors of the event were local celebrities: actor Adrian Pang, actress Tan Kheng Hua and DJ Bigkid.
Pink Dot SG 2011
Pink Dot SG 2011 was held on 18 June with more than 10,000 participants. The event featured the theme song "I Want To Hold Your Hand" by the Beatles and a campaign video by Boo Junfeng.
The event had attracted Google as a corporate sponsor, and the multinational company continued to support the event in subsequent years. Local musical cabaret trio the Dim Sum Dollies made an appearance as the official ambassadors of the event.
Pink Dot SG 2011 was covered widely by local and international mainstream media. An aerial shot of Pink Dot SG was featured on xinmsn news for June's "2011 Year in Pictures". This was also the first time Pink Dot SG was featured in "Time Out Singapore" with a full article devoted to it. The event was also promoted in an article on CNNGo.
International Pink Dot events were held the same day in Anchorage, Alaska; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and London, England.
Pink Dot SG 2012
Pink Dot SG 2012 was held on 30 June and had the campaign theme "Someday" and the theme song "True Colors". At this event, 15,000 participants formed a glowing pink dot with mobile phones, torches and flashlights.
The event added Barclays as an official corporate supporter, alongside Google. Celebrity ambassadors were former actress Sharon Au, actor Lim Yu-Beng and drag queen actor-comedian Kumar.
Pink Dot SG 2012 was widely reported in the mainstream media and by international media agencies, including The Wall Street Journal, Taiwan's lihpao, Thailand's PBS, and Egypt's bikyamasr. Singer Jason Mraz, who was giving a performance on 29 June in Singapore, made a shout-out in a video in support of Pink Dot 2012, prior to the event.
The 2012 event inspired the launch of Pink Dot Okinawa, which had its first event the following year.
Pink Dot SG 2013
Pink Dot 2013 was held the evening of 29 June. The event marked its fifth year under a campaign of "Home", the title of a local National Day song which doubled as the event's theme song. The campaign featured a video, directed by local filmmaker Boo Junfeng, depicting three individual true-life experiences. Like the previous year, the event included the formation of the Pink Dot with pink lights.
Pink Dot organisers claimed a record turnout of 21,000, which would make it the largest civil society gathering in the country. To accommodate the large number of participants, a second "satellite" focal point was created to channel traffic away from the busiest areas. Prior to the formation of the Pink Dot, participants were treated to a range of activities by more than 20 community groups and partners.
Pink Dot SG 2013's list of corporate contributors grew to include global financial firm JPMorgan Chase, local hotel Parkroyal on Pickering, contact lens specialist CooperVision and audio branding agency The Gunnery, in addition to Google and Barclays. Local actress Michelle Chia, theatre company W!LD RICE, artistic director Ivan Heng and sportscaster Mark Richmond were the event's ambassadors.
The event was covered by local and international media, including Indonesia-based Asia Calling, The Economist, the BBC, The Guardian and Reuters. The event was also featured in the YouTube-sponsored video "Proud to Love", a compilation of video clips supporting the LGBT community, equal rights and marriage equality. Additionally, before the event, the band Fun made a shout-out in a video in support of Pink Dot 2013.
Pink Dot SG 2014
Pink Dot SG 2014 was held the evening of 28 June with a turnout of 26,000. The event's theme, "For Family, For Friends, For Love", highlighted the LGBT community's contributions to society, and its theme song was "We Are Family". In addition to the traditional Pink Dot formation with torches, 2014's event included a blue heart formation within the Pink Dot. Pink Dot SG 2014 also featured a "Community Voices" segment, in which local LGBT individuals and straight allies were invited to speak and share their stories.
Ambassadors of the event included Broadway performer Sebastian Tan, actor Brendon Fernandez and Nominated Member of Parliament Janice Koh. Taiwan-based Singaporean Pop Idol Stefanie Sun also supported the event through a 20-second video. Local YouTube stars Tree Potatoes made a shout-out in a video. Pink Dot SG 2014 saw energy company giant BP and multinational banking firm Goldman Sachs join a growing list of corporate sponsors.
Pink Dot SG 2014 in particular drew strong criticism from Singapore's religious Muslim and Christian communities which counter-demonstrated in a "Wear White" event, in which participants dressed in white apparel. In response, and foreseeing possible unruly behaviour, Pink Dot organisers deployed security personnel and collaborated with the Singapore Police Force (SPF) for the first time; the event nevertheless proceeded without incident. Local media covered the controversy with full-page articles and the event itself was widely reported by foreign media.
Pink Dot SG 2015
Pink Dot SG 2015 was held the evening of 13 June. The date was chosen to prevent a clash with the Islamic month of Ramadan. The event ran under the campaign title "Where Love Lives" and included a campaign video directed by local filmmaker Boo Junfeng. The event coincided with the launch of a pioneering LGBT support network for local universities.
The celebrity ambassadors for Pink Dot SG 2015 included local actor Patricia Mok, Campus SuperStar winner Daren Tan and local YouTube celebrities Munah Bagharib and Hirzi Zulkiflie. However, Munah did not appear at the event, for unknown reasons. Veteran actor Patricia Mok said she wanted the local older population to support the LGBT community.
The list of corporate sponsors grew to include three new companies – social network Twitter, movie exhibitor Cathay Organisation and financial news company Bloomberg – in addition to Google, JP Morgan, Barclay, Goldman Sachs and The Gunnery. However, PARKROYAL hotel on Pickering, which had sponsored previous events, discontinued its sponsorship, deciding to "[channel] resources to support other equally meaningful causes". Contact Lens specialist CooperVision also did not continue its support.
Pink Dot SG 2015 drew increased focus from both anti-LGBT and pro-LGBT groups. Both sides received wide coverage on local mainstream media. The event was attended by 28,000 people, a record.
Pink Dot SG 2016
Pink Dot SG 2016 was held on 4 June at 3 pm. Organisers did not provide an estimate of crowd size, but said the number of participants exceeded the capacity of the park. The event's ambassadors were TV host Anita Kapoor, local hip-hop artist Shigga Shay, and getai singer Liu Ling Ling. The event had 18 corporate sponsors, adding major sponsors Apple, Microsoft, and Facebook.
Pink Dot SG 2017
Pink Dot SG 2017 was held on 1 July. Ambassadors included singer Nathan Hartono, paralympian swimmer Theresa Goh and actor Ebi Shankara.
Since 2017, Singapore's Ministry of Home Affairs has banned foreign residents and entities from organising and participating in the event, stating that LGBT discourse in the country are to be restricted to its own citizens and permanent residents. In their view, it is said that this is to prevent foreign interference as well as to better gauge LGBT acceptance amongst its people.
Only Singaporean citizens and permanent residents were thereby permitted to attend the rally; the identity card of each participant was verified at police checkpoints as they entered the barricaded park. Organisers said that 20,000 Singaporeans and residents attended the event, a drop from 25,000 and above in previous years – likely due to the ban on foreigners.
In addition, foreign companies such as Airbnb, Apple Inc., Facebook, Goldman Sachs, Google, Microsoft, NBCUniversal, Salesforce.com, Twitter and Uber were not permitted to directly sponsor the event. Despite the new regulations, 120 Singaporean companies donated to the event, making up for the loss of contributions from the multinationals.
Pink Dot SG 2018
Pink Dot SG 2018 (aka Pink Dot 10) was held on 21 July, celebrating its tenth edition with the message We Are Ready. Performers for the event included local singers Tabitha Nauser and Sezairi Sezali.
As part of the commemoration of this milestone, the first edition of Pink Fest was organised with several events across the few weekends leading up to Pink Dot.
Pink Dot SG 2019
In 2019, during the 11th Pink Dot, Lee Hsien Yang, the brother of the Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong, his wife and second son Li Huanwu as well as Li's husband Heng Yirui attended the event.
Pink Dot SG 2020
The 12th Pink Dot in 2020, supposed to be held on 27 June, was cancelled in view of the coronavirus pandemic, the first time it did so. In its place was a livestreaming session where people can tune in, with the theme Love Lives Here. Despite petitions by religious groups on Change.org calling for restrictions on this livestreaming event, Singapore's Ministry of Social and Family Development ruled that the event did not contravene any laws or regulations.
Performances involved local artistes like Joanna Dong and Charlie Lim. Instead of the usual massive light display at the end, a digital map of Singapore was unveiled displaying pink lights across the island, all representing messages of support sent in by members of the public.
Pink Dot SG 2021
The 13th Pink Dot in 2021 was held on 12 June, again as a livestream due to ongoing COVID-19 restrictions. The event was hosted by Pam Oei and Harris Zaidi. Interviewees included pageant queen and LGBT activist Andrea Razali, and lawyer Remy Choo, one of the lawyers involved in the legal challenges to strike down Section 377A. Performers and artistes included Joshua Simon, Charlie Lim, and TheNeoKELELims (which consists of Neo Swee Lin and Lim Kay Siu). Like the previous year, members of the public could contribute with messages of support to a virtual light display that was unveiled at the end of the event.
Pink Dot SG 2022
The 14th Pink Dot in 2022 was initially planned to be held over two days on 18 and 19 June, but the organisers ultimately decided to host it as a single day on just 18 June, marking its return as a physical event since the start of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Being a large scale event held during a pandemic, additional safety measures such as providing proof of vaccination and scanning the contact-tracing SafeEntry code were in place.
Unlike previous physical events, the pink dot formation involved white umbrellas and pink placards, and participants could write messages on these placards. A webpage was also set up for people to upload pink light-up pictures in support. Notable attendees include Member of Parliament (MP) Henry Kwek, which according to organisers, was the first time an MP from the governing People's Action Party (PAP) attended a Pink Dot event. MP Jamus Lim of the largest opposition Workers' Party (WP) was also present at the event.
Held from 3pm to 7pm, Pink Dot SG 2022 featured a concert with local acts, including singer Preeti Nair, dance group Limited Edition, and drag performance group Singapore Drag Royalty.
Pink Dot SG 2023
The 15th Pink Dot was held on 24th June 2023, and was the first edition since Section 377A was repealed.
Politicians spotted attending the event included PAP's Eric Chua and Derrick Goh; WP's Louis Chua and He Ting Ru; and PSP's Hazel Poa along with several members.
Reverting to the traditional mass light formation of the pink dot, volunteers and attendees assembled to form a light display featuring the word "Family" at around 8.40pm. This theme reflected the shift in advocacy post-377A, championing the inclusion and support of families that do not fit the traditional mould.
International events
Many LGBT organisations and individuals around the world were inspired by the event in Singapore to organise their own Pink Dot events. Three were held on the same day as Pink Dot SG 2011, and many others followed the success of this event. Pink Dot events have been organised in places such as Hong Kong, Montreal, Toronto, New York, Okinawa, Utah, Anchorage, London, Penang and Taiwan. Common to all events was the gathering of participants in a Pink Dot formation.
Pink Dot Anchorage
As an Alaska PrideFest event, Pink Dot Anchorage organised a gathering on 18 June 2011 at the Anchorage Town Square. Approximately 100 participants attended and created a heart-shaped formation.
Pink Dot Hong Kong
2011
On 24 June 2011, Hong Kong's Pink Alliance organised a gathering at Psychic Jack Lounge in Central Hong Kong.
2014
Inspired by Pink Dot Singapore, Pink Dot HK 2014 was held on 15 June in Tamar Park. Pink Dot HK was co-organized by the LGBT groups BigLove Alliance and Pink Alliance and ran under the theme "We Are Family: The Freedom to Love". The event included an outdoor picnic and funfair, as well as a closing concert featuring performers Denise Ho and Anthony Wong. The event was widely covered by local media, including the Oriental Daily News. Turnout was estimated at 12,000.
Before the event, the Bank of America Tower was decorated in pink to publicise the event.
2015
Pink Dot HK 2015 was held on 20 September 2015, once again at Tamar Park in front of the Central Government Complex. Notable attendees included actor Gregory Wong, singer Anthony Wong, singer Denise Ho, United States Consul General Clifford Hart, and Chairman of the Equal Opportunities Commission York Chow. Turnout was estimated at more than 15,000.
Pink Dot London
On 18 June 2011, Singaporeans in London organised a picnic at Hyde Park, London, in conjunction with the Pink Dot event occurring in Singapore that day.
Pink Dot Montreal
Pink Dot events were held at Place Émilie-Gamelin in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from 2012 to 2014. The movement sought to promote trust and honesty between LGBT individuals and their friends and families, so that they could coming out of the closet and bring change through open conversations.
The first event on 18 August 2012, attracted nearly 300 participants. Prior to the event, a competition was held in which LGBT individuals were invited to submit their personal coming-out stories. The top three writers were sent an invitation to the event, and their stories were read in front of other participants.
On 17 August 2013, a second Pink Dot MTL event was held. The event had a one-page feature in the local gay magazine Fugues.
On 16 August 2014, a nighttime Pink Dot event was held. It began at 11 pm and featured glowsticks.
Pink Dot New York
Pink Dot picnics were held on 7 June 2011, 6 October 2012 and 22 June 2013 in Central Park, New York City. Approximately 30 participants turned up for each event. Pink Dot NY did not continue in subsequent years.
Pink Dot Okinawa
2013
Pink Dot Okinawa was inspired by Singapore's Pink Dot. Pink Dot OK 2013 was the island's first LGBT event and was held on 14 July with a turnout of 800 people. The event was held in a park in Naha city, Okinawa, Japan due to its large tourist crowd and diverse culture.
Pink Dot OK 2013 featured pre-night club events, a pre-event beach party, an LGBT book fair and an after-party. The event was covered by local media, including the Okinawa Times and Ryukyu Shimpo. The mascot for the event was Pinkmaaru, a winking cartoon animal with the event's name, "Pink Dot OK".
2014, 2015 and 2016
Pink Dot OK 2014 was held on 20 June in Naha city with an estimated turnout of 12,000. Star Trek actor George Takei made a shout-out to the event.
Pink Dot OK 2015 was held on 19 July at Tembusu Square on Kokusai street in Naha city.
Pink Dot OK 2016 was held on 17 July in Naha city.
Pink Dot Penang
Pink Dot Penang was launched in 2011 in Penang and was well received in the local LGBTIQ community. A group called "Penang Freedom to Love" was formed after the event to continue spreading the idea of "love has no boundaries".
A 2014 Pink Dot event was planned to be held on 29 March at the 1926 Heritage Hotel in Penang, Malaysia by Penang Freedom to Love, SUARAM and other local groups. With the slogan "Sit in solidarity in the day, Dance together in the night", Pink Dot Penang was meant to be a two-part event, including a workshop during the day and a party at night. The event was cancelled on 16 March, however, due to religious pressure from Malaysia's Perkasa and other Muslim activists, who made police reports claiming the event was a "sex festival".
No Pink Dot events in Penang has been held ever since.
Pink Dot Toronto
On 21 May 2016, ACAS (Asian Community AIDS Services) and the Chinese Canadian National Council's Toronto Chapter organised Pink Dot TO in Toronto, Ontario at Market 707 in support of LGBT Asians in Canada. The event featured speeches, a march and performances.
Pink Dot Kaohsiung
2011
A Pink Dot gathering was organised by the Taiwan Adolescent Association on Sexualities on 18 June 2011 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Participants gathered at the Kaohsiung Cultural Center.
2015
Pink Dot TW 2015 was held on 16, 17 and 30 May at Kaohsiung Aozihdi Park, National Cheng Kung University, and HuaShan Grand Green, respectively. Originally planned to be held on 20 May, the HuaShan event was postponed due to bad weather. The event's slogan was "Let's get closer, let the picnic be pinker", with a campaign video of the same title.
Pink Dot Utah
Pink Dot Utah is a campaign inspired by the Singapore event with the theme "Support, Love, Courage". It aimed to engender an appreciation of Utah's diversity, including diversity of race, language, religion, sexual orientation, and gender identity or gender expression. The campaign encouraged individuals in the LGBT community to share their life stories, which are then featured on the campaign website. Pink Dot Utah was organised by the Support Love Courage Council.
2011
Pink Dot Utah 2011 was held on National Coming Out Day, 11 October, at the Spring Mobile Ball Park in Salt Lake City, Utah. More than 3,000 participants attended. Several community organisations and businesses were in attendance, including representatives from First Baptist Church and Utah's Latino community. Organisers invited Emmy award-winning composer Kurt Bestor and co-host of Fox News's Live at Five and News at Nine Newscasts Hope Woodside as celebrity ambassadors. The event was covered by local newspaper The Salt Lake Tribune.
2012
A second Pink Dot Utah event was held on 22 September 2012 in Jordan Park, Salt Lake City, Utah. The event announced winners of a "Pinkdot Baby Contest", in which parents submitted photos of their babies with a "pink" theme. The event featured performances by celebrities and speeches by various speakers. The event was supported by Mormons Building Bridges, a group that encourages heterosexual members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to offer love and support to their LGBT brothers and sisters. The event was mentioned on the LGBT blog JoeMyGod.com.
Another Pink Dot event, Pink Dot St. George, was held in Utah on 3 November 2012 in Vernon Worthen Park, Saint George, Utah, featuring speeches by three speakers. The programme received local media coverage by Dixie Sun News.
Reception
Counter-campaigns by religious groups
In 2014, Pink Dot SG drew strong opposition from some Muslim and Christian religious groups in Singapore. One response to the event was FamFest, or the Red Dot Family Movement, which was organised by LoveSingapore, a network of Singaporean churches. FamFest was initially planned to be held on the same day as Pink Dot 2014 at the Padang. However, the event was cancelled after its application was rejected by the Ministry of Social and Family Development, which deemed the location unsuitable. FamFest continued as a virtual rally on Facebook.
In response to the appearance of a Muslim woman in the Pink Dot SG 2014 campaign video, Islamic religious teacher Ustaz Noor Deros called for a Wear White campaign in defence of traditional Islamic values. Notably, an evening prayer marking the fasting month coincided with the Pink Dot SG 2014 event. Faith Community Baptist Church (FCBC) and the LoveSingapore network of churches also called on their members to join local Muslims in the campaign to dress in white, and worshipers at the mosque and the two churches were seen wearing white in the days following the event.
In light of possible unrest by these religious groups, security personnel of the Singapore Police Force (SPF) were deployed at Pink Dot SG 2014 for crowd management and protection purposes. The event managed to proceede without interference, with Wear White campaign organisers telling supporters to keep at a distance from the Pink Dot gathering and the FCBC announcing that its members did not intend to picket the event.
Other religious groups and Pink Dot 2014
Leading up to Pink Dot SG 2014, and in response to other reactions about the event, other religious groups in Singapore made statements about their stands on LGBT issues.
On behalf of the Muslim community, the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (MUIS) advised Muslims not to be confrontational towards the LGBT community. The MUIS indicated that it does not approve of the "pervasiveness" of the LGBT lifestyle, but cautioned against mosques being involved in the Pink Dot or Wear White initiatives. Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs Yaacob Ibrahim issued a statement saying that Singaporeans who wanted to express support for a cause or lifestyle choice should express it in a way that does not divide the community. He emphasized tolerance and the need "to keep the social fabric as tight as possible".
The National Council of Churches of Singapore (NCCS) stated: The council also wishes to state that while it does not condone homosexual or bi-sexual practices, it also does not condemn those who are struggling with their gender identity and sexual orientation.
On behalf of the Catholic Church, Archbishop William Goh stated:
Goh later released a second statement apologising for any insensitivity in his previous statement and added that while the Church does not disapprove of non-sexual same-sex relationships, it is Catholic teaching that marriage is between a man and a woman and that sex before marriage is not allowed.
Corporate sponsorship
Up until 2017, the Pink Dot SG events featured a growing number of corporate sponsors each year. The involvement of corporations in the local LGBT scene drew criticism from various socially conservative groups.
In 2015, furniture retailer IKEA, upon receiving feedback from pro-LGBT groups, announced a review of its support for a magic show staged by a pastor known for his views against homosexuality. The pastor was also responsible for previous anti-Pink Dot movements, while IKEA is known globally to be a supporter of the LGBT community. However, after the review, IKEA Singapore decided to continue support for the magic show. This decision has drawn criticism from pro-LGBT groups, including the organisers of Pink Dot, and support from socially conservative organisations.
2016 online threat
In 2016, a Christian member of the Facebook group "We Are Against Pinkdot in Singapore" threatened to "open fire" on the community. The post was widely shared on social media and attracted much attention. The individual later apologised and claimed his post was taken out of context and was meant to be figurative.
The Singaporean police investigated the individual, and the person later plead guilty to a lessened charge after a plea bargain of "making a threatening, abusive or insulting communication under the Protection from Harassment Act (POHA)", and was fined SGD$3,500 and given a conditional warning. If convicted of the original charge, making an electronic record containing an incitement to violence, they could have been sentenced to up to five years in jail.
Pam Oei's Faghag Play
Pam Oei's one-woman cabaret show 'Faghag', staged by Wild Rice and directed by Ivan Heng, was part of Pink Dot SG's Pink Fest program, and it 'serves as a crash course on the history of LGBTQ+ activism in Singapore in the 2000s'.
'Faghag' became embroiled in controversy in 2021 when an LGBT+ community group The Bi+ Collective, called out Pam Oei for 'reclaiming a slur that was not a term for cis straight women to reclaim' and for riding on rainbow capitalism. This led to fierce responses from Pam Oei's supporters such as Alfian Saat and Ivan Heng, resulting in a heated debate on social media.
Impact
Human rights recognition
Pink Dot SG was deemed significant enough to be included in the US Department of State's Human Rights Reports for 2009, released on 11 March 2010:
Pink Dot SG was also featured in the 2011 documentary film Courage Unfolds, by the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission and the Lesbian Activism Project of the Philippines. The documentary film highlights the issues faced by LGBT people in Asia.
Google's LGBT campaign
Google was notably the first major Pink Dot corporate sponsor and supported the event beginning in 2011. Google Singapore also launched a "Legalize Love" 2012 campaign seeking to promote a supportive culture for LGBT people in and outside the workplace. In Google Maps, Google presented a 360-degree panorama of Hong Lim Park featuring Pink Dot 2013 during both the day and night.
Section 377A of the Penal Code of Singapore
In 2012, Tan Eng Hong brought a court challenge of the constitutionality of section 377A of the Penal Code of Singapore, a law dating back to the British colonial era which de jure criminalises, albeit de facto unenforced, sex between mutually consenting men. It is legal among women. The challenge garnered much public debate and, in response, Pink Dot SG made the following statement in 2013:
Repealed
In February 2022, the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Singapore reaffirmed that 377A cannot be used to prosecute men for having gay sex, and that it is "unenforcable in its entirety". In August 2022, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced that Section 377A would be repealed by the government, ending criminalisation both de facto and de jure.
In response to the repeal announcement, Pink Dot SG and various other LGBTQ community groups in Singapore released a community statement, praising the repeal as a "significant milestone and a powerful statement that state-sanctioned discrimination has no place in Singapore", and also acknowledging the repeal as "the first step on a long road towards full equality for LGBTQ+ people in Singapore". The bill was assented by President Halimah Yacob on 27 December 2022 and gazetted on 3 January 2023, thus officially repealing Section 377A, 16 years after it became de jure unenforced.
See also
LGBT pride events in Singapore
LGBT rights in Singapore
List of LGBT organisations in Singapore
List of LGBT rights organisations
References
External links
Pink Dot Singapore
Pink Dot Utah
Pink Dot Montreal
Pink Dot Okinawa
Pink Dot Hong Kong
Pink Dot Tai Wan
2009 establishments in Singapore
Human rights in Singapore
LGBT in Singapore
Recurring events established in 2009
LGBT events in Singapore |
Jean-Louis Bernard Barrault (; 8 September 1910 – 22 January 1994) was a French actor, director and mime artist who worked on both screen and stage.
Biography
Barrault was born in Le Vésinet in France in 1910. His father was 'a Burgundian pharmacist who died in the First World War.':87 He studied at the Collége Chaptal until 1930, when he began his studies at the École du Louvre.:87
Theatre
From 1931 to 1935 Barrault studied and acted at Charles Dullin's L'Atelier.:32 His first performance was a small role in Ben Jonson's Volpone. At the time, Barrault was unable to afford rent and Dullin allowed him to sleep in the theatre on Volpone's bed.:16 It was L'Atelier that he first met and studied under Étienne Decroux,:41 with whom he would create the pantomime La Vie Primitive in 1931.:87
He was a member of the Comédie-Française from 1942 to 1946, performing lead roles in Shakespeare's Hamlet and Corneille's Le Cid.:32 He and his wife, actress Madeleine Renaud, formed their own troupe, Compagnie Renaud-Barrault, in 1946 at Paris' Théâtre Marigny.:161 In 1951 he published his memoirs, Reflections on the Theatre.
He was made director of Théâtre de France in 1959, and remained in the role until 1969. In 1971 he was reappointed director of Théâtre des Nations. He retired from theatre in 1990.:87
Film
In 1935 he had his first film role in Marc Allégret's Les Beaux Jours.:87 He would go on to act in nearly 50 movies over the course of his career. One of his most famous performances was in Marcel Carné's film Les Enfants du Paradis (1945), in which he played the mime Jean-Gaspard Deburau.:161
He was the uncle of actress Marie-Christine Barrault and sometime sponsor of Peter Brook. In 1940, he married the actress Madeleine Renaud. They founded a number of theaters together and toured extensively, including in South America.
Barrault died from a heart attack in Paris on 22 January 1994, at the age of 83.:87 He is buried with his wife Renaud in the Passy Cemetery in Paris.
Filmography
References
External links
Barrault Photo Collection
1910 births
1994 deaths
Burials at Passy Cemetery
French film directors
French mimes
People from Le Vésinet
Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française
French male stage actors
French male film actors
Special Tony Award recipients
20th-century French male actors |
Munmun Timothy Lugun (born 5 May 1993) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for I-League club Delhi.
Career
Born in Delhi, Lugun started his football career with Simla Youngs in the I-League 2nd Division. He also captained his state youth team during the B.C. Roy Trophy in 2010. In 2012 Lugun signed with United Sikkim for their 2nd Division campaign and helped the club earn promotion to the I-League. He made his professional debut for the club in the I-League in their opening match against Salgaocar on 6 October 2012. Lugun started and played the full match as United Sikkim won 3–2. By the end of the season, despite the club being relegated, Lugun himself started and played 24 of United Sikkim's 26 matches.
After United Sikkim were relegated, Lugun signed with another I-League side, Rangdajied United. He made his debut for the club on 22 September 2013 against Prayag United. He started and played the full match as Rangdajied United lost 2–0. Then, after the 2013–14 I-League season, Lugun was selected by the Delhi Dynamos in the Indian Super League domestic draft for the inaugural season. Lugun only made one appearance for the Delhi side during the season, on 28 November 2014 against Mumbai City. He started and played the full match as Delhi Dynamos won 4–1.
On 22 December 2014, after the ISL season, Lugun signed with Pune for the 2014–15 I-League. He made his debut for the side on 14 February 2015 against Dempo. Lugun came on as a 72nd minute substitute for Yumnam Raju as Pune and Dempo drew the match 0–0.
On 25 March 2016 it was announced that Lugun would be part of the Minerva Academy squad in the I-League 2nd Division. After the 2nd Division season, in September 2016 it was revealed that Lugun had signed with Indian Super League side Mumbai City.
Career statistics
Honours
Club
United Sikkim
I-League 2nd Division: 2012
References
External links
Indian Super League Profile.
1993 births
Living people
Indian men's footballers
United Sikkim FC players
Rangdajied United FC players
Odisha FC players
Pune FC players
Punjab FC players
Mumbai City FC players
Mumbai FC players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Delhi
I-League 2nd Division players
I-League players
Indian Super League players
Delhi FC players |
Tmesisternus avarus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867.
References
avarus
Beetles described in 1867 |
Nalan Ramazanoğlu (born 23 January 1980 in Istanbul, Turkey), also known as Nalan Mete Ramazanoğlu, is a Turkish professional basketball player and captain of Fenerbahçe İstanbul and currently player of national team. She is 1.87 m tall and weighs 75 kg. Her name was Nalan Mete before getting married. She also played in Galatasaray Istanbul before come back her youth level team Fenerbahçe İstanbul.
She is playing for Fenerbahçe İstanbul since 1998 in senior level. She played 45 times for Turkey national women's basketball team.
She was the team leader in free-throw average with 88.9% and second in three-point shot average with 39.2% (after Nicole Powell with 42.3%) in 2005–06 season.
She was member of the national team, which won gold medal at the 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almería, Spain.
Achievements with Fenerbahçe
Turkish Championship
Winners (6): 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007
Turkish Cup
Winners (7): 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
Turkish presidents Cup
Winners (6): 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007
See also
Turkish women in sports
External links
Player profile at fenerbahce.org
1980 births
Living people
Turkish women's basketball players
Fenerbahçe women's basketball players
Galatasaray S.K. (women's basketball) players
20th-century Turkish sportswomen
21st-century Turkish sportswomen
Basketball players from Istanbul |
A glow switch starter or glowbottle starter is a type of preheat starter used with a fluorescent lamp. It is commonly filled with neon gas or argon gas and contains a bimetallic strip and a stationary electrode. The operating principle is simple, when current is applied, the gas inside ionizes and heats a bimetallic strip which in turn bends toward the stationary electrode thus shorting the starter between the electrodes of the fluorescent lamp. After about a second the starter's bimetallic strip cools and opens the circuit between the electrodes, and the process repeats until the lamp has lit. One disadvantage of glow switch starters is that when the lamp is at the end of its life it will continuously blink on and off until the glow switch starter wears out or an electrode on the fluorescent lamp burns out. Glow starters have a relatively short life, and light fittings enable the starter to be changed easily. Electronic starters, being interchangeable and using the same casing as a glow starter, last for many years.
The glow switch starter was invented by E. C. Dench in 1938.
Operation
When power is first applied to the circuit, there will be a glow discharge across the electrodes in the starter lamp. This heats up the inert gas (argon or neon) inside the starter and causes one of the bi-metallic strip to bend towards the other terminal.
When the contacts touch, the two filaments of the fluorescent lamp and the ballast will be switched in series to the supply voltage. The current through the filaments of the tube heats them up and emit electrons into the tube gas by thermionic emission.
In the starter, the touching contacts short out the voltage sustaining the glow discharge, extinguishing it so the gas inside the starter cools down and no longer heats up the bi-metallic switch, which switches off within a second or two.
The current through the filaments and the inductive ballast is abruptly interrupted, leaving the full line voltage applied between the filaments at the ends of the tube and generating an inductive kick which provides the high voltage needed to start the lamp. The lamp will fail to strike if the filaments are not hot enough, in which case the cycle repeats; several cycles are usually needed, which causes flickering and clicking during starting (older thermal starters behaved better in this respect). A power factor correction (PFC) capacitor draws leading current from the mains to compensate for the lagging current drawn by the lamp circuit.
Once the tube strikes, the impinging main discharge keeps the cathodes hot, permitting continued electron emission without the need for the filaments to continue to be heated. The starter switch does not switch on again because the resistance in the tube drops and the voltage across the starter is insufficient to start a glow discharge again.
Automated starters
With automated starters such as glow starters, a failing tube will cycle endlessly, flickering as the lamp quickly goes out because the emission mix is insufficient to keep the lamp current high enough to keep the glow starter open. This runs the ballast at higher temperature. Some more advanced starters time out in this situation, and do not attempt repeated starts until power is reset. Some older systems used a thermal over-current trip to detect repeated starting attempts and disable the circuit until manually reset. The switch contacts in glow starters are subject to wear and inevitably fail eventually, so the starter is manufactured as a plug-in replaceable unit.
References
Gas discharge lamps |
Malcolm Frank Venville (born 1962, Birmingham, England) is a British photographer and film director.
Life and career
Born in Birmingham, Venville was a hearing child to deaf parents. He was, in the words of his uncle, "caught in some no-man's land between the deaf world and the hearing world." He attended Solihull College (1981–83) and Polytechnic of Central London (1983–86), graduating with honors with a BA in film, video, and photographic arts.
After working as an assistant, Venville began producing images. After winning awards with The Association Of Photographers, he became a sought-after advertising photographer. His first print work was the "Be more than just a number" campaign for the advertising agency Simons Palmer Denton for Wrangler. This was followed by print campaigns for Wieden and Kennedy, Bartle Bogle Hegarty and BBDO.
Venville began directing award winning commercials, most notably was the Volkswagen "Squares" project for the agency Arnolds. This spot was the most world's most awarded TV commercial of 2003 winning a Golden Lion at Cannes, a Clio, a Grandy at the ANDY Awards, an AICP's Award of Overall Excellence and an Emmy nomination. Venville has published three books of photography. Layers (Westzone 2001) is a monograph of Venville's advertising and personal photography. Lucha Loco (Therapy 2006) is a collection of over a hundred portraits of Lucha Libre wrestlers taken in Mexico City. The Women of Casa X (Schilt Publishing 2013) is a series of portraits and interviews with sex workers housed in Casa Xochiquetzal, a shelter primarily for elderly sex workers, in the Tepito district of Mexico City.
Venville's film career began with the award winning Silent Film (BBC/Channel 4. 1997), a short film about his profoundly deaf parents. This was followed with short documentary films; Remembering Sister Ruth (BBC 1997), that features Kathleen Byron discussing her role as Sister Ruth in Black Narcissus, and Remembering Miss Torso (2004) about Georgine Darcy, who played the ballet dancer "Miss Torso" in Rear Window (Therapy Films 2003). Venville directed the short Zillions (Nowness 2013) featuring Karl Lagerfeld which won best documentary at The International Fashion Film Festival.
Venville's feature film debut was 44 Inch Chest (Anonymous Content 2009), which won the Jury Prize at Seville Film Festival and the San Diego Film Critics Society Awards for best Ensemble. This was followed by another independent feature Henry's Crime (2010), which he filmed in New York City and Buffalo.
In 2019, A&E aired a mini series directed by Venville based on Ron Chernow's biography of Ulysses Grant. Justin Salinger played Grant (Radical Media). This was followed by the mini series, Abraham Lincoln (2022) featuring Graham Sibley as Abraham Lincoln. This show was executive produced by Doris Kearns Goodwin and based on her book, Leadership In Turbulent Times. Venville continued his collaboration with Kearns Goodwin, Radical Media and A&E with Theodore Roosevelt (2022).
Filmography
Feature films
44 Inch Chest (2009)
Henry's Crime (2010)
And We Go Green (2019)
Miniseries
Grant (2020)
Abraham Lincoln (2022)
Theodore Roosevelt (2022)
Short films
Remembering Sister Ruth (1997)
Silent Film (1998)
That Certain Something (1999)
Zillions (2013)
Philophiles (2014)
Portrait of a Dancer: Sarah Lamb (2015)
Bibliography
Layers (2003)
Lucha Loco (2006)
The Women of Casa X (2013)
References
External links
Commercials by Venville at Anonymous Content
British film directors
Photographers from Birmingham, West Midlands
1962 births
Living people
Advertising directors
Date of birth missing (living people) |
Death of the Cool is the fourth full-length studio album by American rock band Cotton Mather, and the first new album from the group since 2001's The Big Picture. Death of the Cool was the first official release from band leader Robert Harrison's "Songs from the I Ching" project.
Background
Cotton Mather had quietly disbanded in 2003, following the muted reception of The Big Picture and numerous personal setbacks. Throughout the remainder of the decade, Robert Harrison remained active in music, studying audio production and fronting the Austin, Texas collective Future Clouds and Radar. During this period, he considered working on a musical project which would assign one song to each hexagram of the I Ching. In 2012, Cotton Mather's Kontiki album was reissued in a deluxe edition, and the group reunited to play several one-off shows promoting its release.
With the other members of Cotton Mather, Harrison began recording songs for the I Ching project in 2013. Throughout the next three years, approximately 30 songs for the project were written and recorded. Harrison opted for a non-linear approach to the writing, instead basing the songs around his own experiences with the I Ching, "in real time and real weather". In March 2016, he began posting the songs on his now-defunct blog. Each post was accompanied by a written commentary in which he described the hexagram using stories from his own experiences, and connected the reading to its corresponding song.
Death of the Cool, released at the end of July, compiled eleven songs from what had been recorded to that point, including several which did not have entries on the blog. As with the writing process, the songs were not chosen or organized by their hexagram numbers, but rather by what Harrison thought would make the strongest album.
Artwork
The album's cover depicts a car buried in snow. This is a reference to the last song on the album, "The End of DeWitt Finley", which tells the true story of a salesman who died after his car was trapped in a snowbank. Finley, a devout follower of God, opted not to attempt escape, but instead to wait for rescue, if that was God's plan. Harrison's brother, poet Joseph Harrison, also wrote about Finley, in a poem sharing the same title as the song, published in his 2003 collection Someone Else's Name. The poem was included on Harrison's Songs from the I Ching blog.
The inside gatefold of the album depicts the interior of the car. In addition to things like musical instruments, recording gear, and books, the car is filled with Cotton Mather CDs, 7" singles, photos, and newspaper reviews, as well as sticky notes each bearing one of the album's song titles. The interior photo was taken by Valerie Fremin.
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Robert Harrison
Whit Williams
Darin Murphy
George Reiff
Dana Myzer
Josh Gravelin
Kullen Fuchs
Hollie Thomas
Rick Richards
Derek Morris
Anthony Farrell
Vince Delgado
Technical
Robert Harrison (production, recording)
Lars Göransson (production, recording, mixing, mastering)
George Reiff (mixing)
Bob Ohlsson (mastering)
References
2016 albums
Cotton Mather (band) albums
Pop albums by American artists |
is a Japanese television and film director.
Filmography
Tokyo Love Story (1991, TV series)
Under One Roof (1993, TV series)
Platonic Sex (2001) – as producer and director
Backdancers! (2006)
Tokyo Friends: The Movie (2006)
Sherlock: Untold Stories (2019, TV series)
References
1956 births
Japanese film directors
Living people
Mass media people from Tokyo |
USS Dionysus (AR-21) was a in the service of the United States Navy from 1945 to 1955.
Construction and commissioning
Dionysus was originally launched as the Liberty ship SS Faithful by Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard on 10 October 1944, sponsored by Mrs. H. C. McClelland. She was acquired by the Navy on 25 October 1944 and commissioned as USS Dionysus''' (AR-21) on 28 April 1945.
World War II serviceDionysus arrived at Pearl Harbor on 30 June 1945. On 13 July she was underway for Eniwetok where she was stationed as repair ship from 24 July to 8 September. Entering Tokyo Bay on 17 September, Dionysus served there until 10 November when she sailed for overhaul at Bremerton, Washington, where she arrived on 28 November. On 30 May 1946 she arrived at San Pedro, where she was placed out of commission in reserve on 31 January 1947.
Post-war service and decommissioning
Recommissioned on 13 February 1952, Dionysus sailed from Long Beach on 8 April to join the Atlantic Fleet. She arrived at Naval Station Norfolk on 29 April and served primarily at this base. An exception was a period in 1953 when she relocated to the Caribbean to repair ships operating from Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, Puerto Rico, ending on 16 April 1954 when she sailed to visit Charleston, South Carolina. She arrived at Newport, Rhode Island on 11 May and continued her repair services there until 3 February 1955. At New York from 4 February to 11 April, she then sailed for Beaumont, Texas, where she was placed in commission in reserve upon her arrival on 20 April. She arrived at Orange, Texas on 25 April and was placed out of commission in reserve there as of 1 July 1955.Dionysus'' was withdrawn from the James River Reserve Fleet on 31 May 1978 and designated for use in an artificial reef program in North Carolina.
References
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Xanthus-class repair ships
Ships built in Baltimore
1944 ships |
Ossa Mountain is a summit located in the Tantalus Range, in Tantalus Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated northwest of Squamish, and north-northwest of Mount Tantalus, which is the highest peak in the Tantalus Range. Its nearest higher peak is Pelion Mountain, to the east. Unnamed glaciers lie on the northern and eastern slopes. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Squamish River and Clowhom River. The first ascent of the mountain was made on July 25, 1960, by Dick Chambers, Jack Bryan, and Howie Rode via the east ridge. The mountain names in the Tantalus Range have a Greek mythology theme, and Ossa Mountain was named for legendary Mount Ossa in Thessaly, upon which the Aloadaes are said to have attempted to pile Mount Pelion on top of Mount Ossa in their attempt to scale Olympus, home of the Greek gods. The mountain's name was officially adopted on June 6, 1957, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Ossa Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for climbing Ossa.
Climbing Routes
Established rock climbing routes on Ossa Mountain:
East Ridge - First Ascent 1960
West Ridge - FA 1967
Northeast Face - FA 1968
North Face - FA 1999
Northwest Buttress - FA 2016
See also
Geography of British Columbia
Geology of British Columbia
References
External links
Weather: Ossa Mountain
Two-thousanders of British Columbia
Pacific Ranges
Sea-to-Sky Corridor
New Westminster Land District |
Smyra is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1880.
Species
Smyra aexonia (H. Druce, 1890) Panama
Smyra chlorolimbis Möschler, 1880 Suriname
Smyra parvula (Walker, 1865) Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
Smyra stipatura (Walker, 1858) Brazil (Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro), Suriname
References
Calpinae |
The Corbières Massif ( ; ; ) is a mountain range in the Pre-Pyrenees. It is the only true foothill of the Pyrenees on their northern side.
Geography
The Corbières are a mountain region in the Languedoc-Roussillon in southeastern France, located in the departements of Aude and Pyrénées-Orientales.
The river Aude borders the Corbières to the west and north, and the river Agly more or less to the south. The eastern border is the Mediterranean Sea. The eastern part of the Corbières bordering the Mediterranean and the Etangs is also known as the Corbières Maritimes, and has a special kind of climate and typical vegetation (thermo-mediterranean vegetation) which cannot be found in the western part.
The highest point of the Corbières is the 1,230 m high Pic de Bugarach.
See also
Geology of the Pyrenees
Pre-Pyrenees
References
Landforms of Aude
Landforms of Pyrénées-Orientales
Pre-Pyrenees
Mountain ranges of Occitania (administrative region) |
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" is a song by American singer Usher featuring American rapper Pitbull, who wrote the song with Savan Kotecha and producers Shellback and Max Martin. It was released to digital download on July 12, 2010, and sent to radio on August 18, 2010, as the first single from Usher's EP, Versus EP, which is an extension of his sixth studio album, Raymond v. Raymond. An electronic dance track with a Europop style (though the track was recorded in the United States), the song puts emphasis on its chorus, and follows the chord progression of Gm-F-E♭. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics, who favored its production and Usher's vocals, but criticized the song's lack of originality.
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" peaked in the top-ten in over fifteen countries, becoming one of Usher's most successful singles. It reached the top-three on the Japan Hot 100, Canadian Hot 100, Hungary Singles Chart, French Singles Chart, and ARIA Singles Chart. It peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100, marking Usher's sixteenth top-ten hit on the chart. It received a 4x Platinum certification from the ARIA and a 2x Platinum certification from Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA). An accompanying music video, directed by Hiro Murai, shows Usher krumping and crip walking in a club environment.
Background and composition
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" was leaked on the internet on July 1, 2010, with its follow-up single "Hot Tottie" leaked later that month. The song was released from Versus as the EP's mainstream single, whereas the latter track was released as the urban single. "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" features guest vocals by rapper Pitbull, who co-wrote it with Savan Kotecha, Max Martin and Shellback, with production handled by the latter two. It was recorded at Maratone Studios, Stockholm, Sweden and at Conway Studios, Los Angeles, California, handled by Sam Holland and Emily Wright. Mixing was done by Serban Ghenea at MixStar Studios. "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" runs for a duration of three minutes and forty seconds. This is the first of two songs that Kotecha, Martin, and Shellback have co-written for Usher, who would later join the three in co-writing his 2012 single "Scream".
According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" is written in the key of G Minor and has a tempo of 120 beats per minute. It follows the chord progression of Gm-F-E, and Usher's vocal range spans from the low note of G4 to the high note of B5. The song is described as a club track, that contains Europop and electronic dance influences. Bill Lamb of About.com noted that the song puts emphasis on its chorus, to which Usher sings "with appropriate passion".
Critical reception
The song received mixed to positive reviews from critics, with criticism directed mainly towards its lack of originality. AllMusic's Andy Kellman noted the song as a stand-out from Versus, along with "Hot Tottie" and "There Goes My Baby". Bill Lamb of About.com gave the song three-and-a-half stars out of five, praising Usher's vocal delivery and the song's "memorable chorus". Lamb criticized Pitbull's appearance, writing that his verse is "tossed on as a commercial gimmick", while also writing that the song doesn't compare well to Usher's "OMG" (2010). Billboard Michael Menachem described Pitbull's verse as "energizing" and wrote that Usher's "high register fits seamlessly with dance beats". Despite citing the lyrics as repetitive, he thought that the song "should keep clubgoers moving for months to come".
Sarah Rodman of Boston Globe depicted the song as a "dance thumper" and invites listeners to "lose themselves in the music". Los Angeles Times Jeff Weiss viewed the song as "generic" with Usher "singing generic paeans to a paramour’s eyes over a Eurovision-like Max Martin production." Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine disapproved of the track as a whole, writing "'DJ Got Us Fallin' In Love' is, while indistinguishable from any other overdriving club banger, one of the only songs in which Usher Raymond acknowledges an aphrodisiac more powerful than his own ab musk".
Chart performance
In the United States, the song debuted at number nineteen on the Billboard Hot 100 on the week ending December 21, 2010. It became Usher's second top-20 debut of 2010, after "OMG" opened at number fourteen in April. On the week ending December 24, 2010 "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" was positioned at number five. It was the first time that Usher—as a lead artist—had four singles on the top-40 of the Hot 100 simultaneously, with "OMG" at number twenty, "There Goes My Baby" at thirty-three and "Hot Tottie" at twenty-five. "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" remained on the Hot 100 for thirty weeks before dropping out, and peaked at number four, becoming Usher's sixteenth top-ten hit. The song peaked at number two on the Pop Songs Chart, and twelve on the Adult Pop Songs Chart. On the Hot 100 year-end charts for 2010 and 2011, it reached number twenty-two and sixty-five, respectively.
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" peaked at number two on the Canadian Hot 100 chart, and was certified 2 times Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA), for shipments of over 160,000 copies. It peaked at number three on the Australian Singles Charts, and received a six times Platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The song reached number four on the New Zealand Singles Chart, and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" was certified Platinum in the regions of México and Switzerland, by the AMPROFON and IFPI, respectively. The song achieved success in Europe, peaking at number three on the European Hot 100. Internationally "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" reached the top-ten in over fifteen countries, becoming one of Usher's most successful singles. It peaked in the top five in Japan, Hungary, France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria.
By February 2011, the song had reached 3 million in digital sales, according to Nielsen SoundScan, making it the second single of 2010 for both Usher and Pitbull to achieve the figure (Usher's "OMG" sold 3,957,000 copies, while "I Like It" performed by lead artist Enrique Iglesias sold 3,197,000). It reached its 4 million sales mark in the US in April 2013. As of June 2014, the song has sold 4,198,000 copies in the US.
Music video
The music video for the song premièred on August 26, 2010, on Vevo, and was directed by Hiro Murai. The video begins in a club environment, with misplaced furniture and a shattered glass bottle. The scene goes in reverse motion, people instantly appear, frozen in a raving action. As the scene is still reversing a DJ is spinning his booth, and the shattered glass bottle forms into its original state, the clubbers and the scene then start to move in forward but slow motion and the song begins with Usher approaching from a set of stairs. Usher sings and dances, while moving past clubbers who are still moving in slow motion while he is in moving normally. Once the chorus comes in, the clubbers begin dancing and raving in normal motion, periodically slowing down; Usher is krumping pass them, moving on to the next scene. Usher slides into a room with a large lit up window as a back drop. He performs choreography backed-up by female dancers for the second verse, and then returns to the original room with the second chorus coming in. A similar scene is involved to the first chorus, but this time Usher is dancing with the clubbers, who are still alternating in motion speed. Pitbull then begins his verse, and is sat in a V.I.P. area with three females, with the camera alternating between him, the clubbers and Usher. The video ends with its final scene, in a dance off, with Usher dancing adjacent to some of the clubbers. Once the climax of the chorus comes in, Usher jumps in the air and starts freely dancing along with the clubbers, with everyone in the same motion speed; Usher is primarily crip-walking. Usher and the clubbers then perform a final organized choreography, mainly krumping, and the video ends.
Live performances
Usher first performed "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" on Good Morning America, alongside "OMG". A few days later, Usher performed the song on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. On December 17, 2010, he performed the song alongside "There Goes My Baby" on Jimmy Kimmel Live!. Usher performed "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" in the season five finale of America's Got Talent, and in the seventh season of The X Factor. He performed the song during his OMG Tour, alongside several other tracks. The song was performed with "OMG" during the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards. VMA executive producer Dave Sirulnick told MTV News, "We said to him, 'We want to do the best televised dance routine that you've done in years. Let's show why you're the king.'" MTV Buzzworthy writer, Tamar Antai was present at the rehearsal for the show, and commented that the VMA crew was about to "pull off visual feats not just previously unseen and unparalleled at the VMAs, but unseen and unparalleled on TV."
The performance was received with critical acclaim. On Usher specifically Antai said the performance was like "liquid magic", saying, "He took it to the level that comes after the next level. The penthouse level." He was aided by about a dozen background dancers, the males in skeleton-like costumes, and the females donning a one-piece, gloves and boots. The "OMG" performance was accompanied by red laser lights, making an illusion as if the stage disappeared. The lights spelled out "O.M.G" as well as "Usher", as dancers lowered from the ceiling. Jayson Rodrgiguez of MTV News commented, "The singer moved and grooved, proving that he's the R&B star that everyone pays attention to for the big moments." Rochell D. Thomas, also of the site said "Call it what you will: talent, swag, skills...When he steps on the dance floor, some mysterious thing comes out of him and puts the G in groove." Thomas went on to say that Usher's dance moves would make "the late great Michael Jackson jealous" in the stage production "that included more special-effects bells and whistles than a summer blockbuster." Chris Ryan of MTV Buzzworthy also compared the performance to Jackson, calling it overall, "One part "Tron," one part laser show, one part Michael Jackson choreo tribute, and all spectacle."
Track listingsDigital download "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" – 3:42German CD Single "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" - 3:42
"More" - 3:49Australian CD and digital Single "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" – 3:42
"Lil Freak" (Mig & Rizzo Extended Mix) – 5:36Australian digital remixes No longer available to purchase in iTunes Australian store
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" – 3:42
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Almighty 12 Inch Mix) – 7:41
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Almighty Radio Mix) – 3:38
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Ad Brown Remix) – 7:36
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (2 Darc Drum 'n' Bass) – 2:37
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (2 Darc Funky House Remix) – 3:31
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (MK Ultras Mix) – 3:34US CD single "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" – 3:42
"OMG" (Cory Enemy Club Mix) - 5:55US iTunes Remixes "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (HyperCrush Remix) – 4:05
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Precize Club Mix) – 4:23
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Precize Dub) – 4:23
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Versatile Club Mix) – 5:54
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Versatile Radio Mix) – 4:02
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Versatile Dub) – 5:54
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (DJ Spider & Mr. Best Remix) – 6:07
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Jump Smokers Radio Mix) – 4:05
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Jump Smokers Club Mix) – 5:13
"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (Dino Roc Radio Mix) – 3:53
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Versus.Recording locations Vocal recording – Maratone Studios, Stockholm, Sweden; Conway Recording Studios, Los Angeles, California; Al Burna's Crib, Miami, Florida
Mixing – MixStar Studios, Los Angeles, CaliforniaPersonnel'
Songwriting – Max Martin, Shellback, Savan Kotecha, Armando C. Pérez
Production and instruments – Max Martin, Shellback
Recording – Sam Holland, Emily Wright
Pitbull vocal recording – Al Burna
Mixing – Serban Ghenea
Mix engineer – John Hanes
Photography – Walid Azami
Assistant mix engineer – Tim Roberts
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
Release history
See also
Revenge (cover)
References
External links
2010 singles
2010 songs
Usher (musician) songs
Pitbull (rapper) songs
Songs written by Savan Kotecha
Songs written by Max Martin
Songs written by Shellback (record producer)
Songs written by Pitbull (rapper)
Song recordings produced by Max Martin
Song recordings produced by Shellback (record producer)
LaFace Records singles
Jive Records singles |
Trillium Park is a park in Toronto owned and operated by the Government of Ontario. Various Ontario landscapes inspired the park design. The William G. Davis Trail passes through the park connecting it to the Martin Goodman Trail.
Background
Trillium Park is part of a revitalization plan for Ontario Place. In 1971, Ontario Premier Bill Davis opened Ontario Place, which operated a season of events and entertainment annually from May to October. Ontario Place closed in 2012 after annual attendance fell from 2.5 million to 300,000. In 2012, the province appointed John Tory (who later became mayor of Toronto) to come up with ideas to revive the Ontario Place site. He recommended "Condos on the west island, a hotel or resort, corporate headquarters or educational research institute on no more than 15 per cent of the prime waterfront site" - ideas that resulted in a public backlash. In 2014, the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport developed its own ideas for a "culture, discovery and innovation hub" with a "Blue Park" to include the Cinesphere and its elevated pods, a "Canal District", a "Celebration Common" and a park and trail. As of July 2017, only the latter two - Trillium Park and the William G. Davis Trail - were implemented with any further development yet to be defined.
Development
The park was developed through a consortium. The construction company Urbacon was the project lead. Landscape architecture firm LANDinc was the design lead in collaboration with West 8 Urban Design & Landscape Architecture. The project was managed by Infrastructure Ontario and was sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. The project took three and half years to complete of which construction took over two years.
Trillium Park was built on the site of a former parking lot at a cost of million. To guard against high lake water levels, the site of the park was raised using 52,000 cubic metres of soil. To prevent erosion, there were repairs to nearly of the shoreline.
Park construction used building and plant materials from across the province. Almost 1,200 Ontario trees were planted in the park including red oak, red pine, and sugar maple marker trees supplied by nurseries within the province. About 28,000 shrubs and perennials were planted including highbush cranberry, wild ginger and St. John's Wort. The park's bluff feature used 1,700 tonnes of Muskoka granite stone from a quarry in Huntsville, the largest stone weighing 52 tons. 140 individual granite slabs from Northern Ontario were used to complete the bluff's granite wall.
Features
According to LANDinc, Trillium Park was created as an urban forest providing a natural-looking landscape with native tree and shrub species. The park consists of trails, rolling landforms, rock outcrops and pebble beaches, and offers views of the city and Lake Ontario.
The major features of the park are as follows:
The William G. Davis Trail is long and is named after former premier of Ontario Bill Davis. It lies on the west side of the park connecting it to the Martin Goodman Trail.
A Ravine with Moccasin Identifier passes under a bicycle/pedestrian bridge at the entrance to the park. The Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation helped with the development of images of moccasins carved on the walls of the ravine.
Sunrise Garden Pavilion is an open-air structure inspired by evergreen forests and the structures of Ontario Place. It provides space for shelter, activities and gatherings. It was designed by West 8.
The Romantic Garden is an open space for rest or activity.
The Fire Pit is located along the water’s edge near the Sunrise Garden Pavilion, where visitors can hold bonfires and admire the view of the city about the CN Tower.
The Bluff is along the water's edge consisting of stacked boulders and rocks. Within the Bluff is a long shared sitting area providing views out over the lake.
The Summit is located at the southern end of the park, and is the highest point in the park. It provides sitting locations on its gentle slopes as well as views over the park and the lake.
West Gate Integration Point is a decorative gate designed by LANDinc situated between Trillium Park and the inactive Ontario Place. As of the park's opening, the gate was not yet open as it exists to support future development of the Ontario Place site.
Other park features are:
Three marker trees, a traditional First Nations' way of navigation, were created by forcing the three young trees to each grow with two 90-degree bends in the trunk.
Washroom facilities are at the entrance.
References
External links
- Published by the Toronto Star
Parks in Toronto |
Rico Chiapparelli is an American former wrestler and mixed martial arts trainer. Being from Baltimore, Maryland, Chiapparelli became known as the "Baltimore Butcher." He was a Junior National Champion as a senior in high school, and then was a standout wrestler for the University of Iowa. While at Iowa, he was an NCAA National Champion in 1987 at 177 lbs. After college, he competed in freestyle wrestling in the men's senior level, and went on to become the USAW National Champion in 1989 at 180.5 lbs.
He would make himself famous in MMA by founding the team Real American Wrestling. Currently, Chiapparelli is a mixed martial arts, submission wrestling, and wrestling instructor.
Mixed martial arts career
Having trained Brazilian jiu-jitsu under Renzo Gracie, Chiapparelli got into MMA when he was asked by his friend and wrestling colleague Tom Erikson to corner him in his debut for the 1996's MARS tournament. Though his participation on the event cost him his relationship with Gracie, after learning of the business and the value of wrestling in the sport, Chiapparelli formed the team RAW or Real American Wrestling. It was soon joined by Erikson, Dan Henderson, Randy Couture, Frank Trigg and Vladimir Matyushenko, among others.
Chiapparelli had his first and only MMA match on September 13, 2003, beating Luiz Pantera in the Jungle Fight promotion in Brazil.
Mixed martial arts record
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1-0
| Luiz Pantera
| Decision (unanimous)
| Jungle Fight 1
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
|
|-
References
American male sport wrestlers
Iowa Hawkeyes wrestlers
University of Iowa alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Apophasis (; , ) is a rhetorical device wherein the speaker or writer brings up a subject by either denying it, or denying that it should be brought up. Accordingly, it can be seen as a rhetorical relative of irony.
The device is also called paralipsis (παράλειψις) – also spelled paraleipsis or paralepsis – or occupatio, and known also as praeteritio, preterition, or parasiopesis (παρασιώπησις).
Usage
As a rhetorical device, apophasis can serve several purposes. For example, It can be employed to raise an ad hominem or otherwise controversial attack while disclaiming responsibility for it, as in, "I refuse to discuss the rumor that my opponent is a drunk." This can make it a favored tactic in politics.
Apophasis can be used passive-aggressively, as in, "I forgive you for your jealousy, so I won't even mention what a betrayal it was."
In Cicero's "Pro Caelio" speech, he says to a prosecutor, "" ("I now forget your wrongs, Clodia, I set aside the memory of my pain [that you caused].")
Apophasis can be used to discuss a taboo subject, as in, "We are all fully loyal to the emperor, so we wouldn't dare to claim that his new clothes are a transparent hoax."
As a rhetorical device, it can serve various purposes, often dependent on the relationship of the speaker to the addressee and the extent of their shared knowledge. Apophasis is rarely literal; instead, it conveys meaning through implications that may depend on this context. As an example of how meaning shifts, the English phrase "needless to say" invokes shared understanding, but its actual meaning depends on whether that understanding was really shared. The speaker is alleging that it is not necessary to say something because the addressee already knows it, but this may not be true. If it is, it may merely emphasize a pertinent fact. If the knowledge is weighted with history, it may be an indirect way of levying an accusation ("needless to say, because you are responsible"). If the addressee does not actually already possess the knowledge, it may be a way to condescend: the speaker suspected as much but wanted to call attention to the addressee's ignorance. Conversely, it could be a sincere and polite way to share necessary information that the addressee may or may not know without implying that the addressee is ignorant. For example, to highlight a spelling error, instead of pointing out the error one could simply use the word in passing, spelled correctly.
Apophasis can serve to politely avoid the suggestion of ignorance on the part of an audience, as found in the narrative style of Adso of Melk in Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose, where the character fills in details of early fourteenth-century history for the reader by stating it is unnecessary to speak of them. Conversely, the same introduction can be made sarcastically to condescend to an audience and imply their ignorance.
Another diplomatic use would be to raise a criticism indirectly, as in, "It would be out of line for me to say that this action would be unwise and unaffordable, sir, as I only care about your best interests."
Examples
When apophasis is taken to its extreme, the speaker provides full details, stating or drawing attention to something in the very act of pretending to pass it over: "I will not stoop to mentioning the occasion last winter when our esteemed opponent was found asleep in an alleyway with an empty bottle of vodka still pressed to his lips."
In the second debate of the 1984 U.S. presidential campaign, Ronald Reagan used a humorous apophasis to deflect scrutiny of his own fitness at age 73 by replying, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." In 1988, he applied a harsher apophasis toward George H. W. Bush's opponent Michael Dukakis, who was rumored to have received psychological treatment, "Look, I'm not going to pick on an invalid."
Former United States President Donald Trump frequently employs apophasis. In 2015, Trump said of fellow Republican presidential candidate and former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina, "I promised I would not say that she ran Hewlett-Packard into the ground, that she laid off tens of thousands of people and she got viciously fired. I said I will not say it, so I will not say it." In 2016, he tweeted of journalist Megyn Kelly, "I refuse to call [her] a bimbo because that would not be politically correct." In 2017, as president, he tweeted of the leader of North Korea, "Why would Kim Jong-un insult me by calling me 'old', when I would NEVER call him 'short and fat'?". In light of a potential presidential bid by Republican Florida governor Ron DeSantis, Trump claimed he would not use the name "Meatball Ron" in reference to him.
During Prohibition, a grape concentrate brick called Vine-Glo was sold with the warning, "After dissolving the brick in a gallon of water, do not place the liquid in a jug away in the cupboard for twenty days, because then it would turn into wine."
See also
Citations
General and cited references
External links
Figures of rhetoric: Apophasis
A Handbook of Rhetorical Devices: Apophasis
Wordsmith: Paralipsis
Figures of speech
Logic |
The Beary are an ethnic group of South India.
Beary may also refer to:
Beary language, the Dravidian language spoken by the Beary
Beary, a surname. Notable people with this name include:
Donald B. Beary (1888–1966), US Navy officer
Kevin Beary (born 1957), Sheriff of Orange County, Florida, US
Michael Beary (born 1956), Irish army officer
See also
The Beary Family, a cartoon series
Bearys Institute of Technology in Mangalore, India
USS Donald B. Beary (FF-1085), US Navy ship
Language and nationality disambiguation pages |
Jherson Enrique Córdoba Ospina (born 9 February 1988) is a Colombian former professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder. He last played for Itagüí Leones in 2018.
Career
Club
Córdoba began his career with La Equidad in 2006 and played for them until 2010, making 94 league appearances and scoring 4 goals. He signed on loan for Envigado in March 2011. In July 2011, Córdoba moved to Argentina to play for Atlético de Rafaela. In December 2011, he signed with Atlético Nacional on a season-long loan deal. On 21 February 2012, Cordoba scored two goals in a Copa Libertadores match against Peñarol of Uruguay that finished in a 0-4 away victory.
In late December 2012, Cordoba signed for Mexican club San Luis and played for them during six months. In July 2013, he traveled back to Colombia and signed for Junior. In January 2014, he transferred to Independiente Medellín. In June 2016, he joined Sport Boys Warnes of Bolivia on a one-year-contract. On 28 April 2017, he scored a goal in a 1-3 loss against Godoy Cruz in the 2017 Copa Libertadores, despite being sent off just two minutes later.
Córdoba and the club agreed to terminate his contract in May 2017. He transferred to Itagui Leones for the 2018 season.
International
Cordóba was called up to the Colombia national football team for the 2010 World Cup qualifying matches against Chile and Paraguay on 10 and 14 October 2009 respectively. He played in the match against Paraguay, which was his first and only match for Colombia.
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Colombian men's footballers
Colombia men's international footballers
La Equidad footballers
Envigado F.C. players
Atlético de Rafaela footballers
Atlético Nacional footballers
San Luis F.C. players
Chiapas F.C. footballers
Categoría Primera A players
Categoría Primera B players
Argentine Primera División players
Liga MX players
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Bogotá |
Victoria Park station may refer to:
Australia
Victoria Park railway station, Melbourne
Victoria Park railway station, Perth
Victoria Park transfer station, a bus station in Western Australia
Canada
Victoria Park station (Toronto), a subway station on the Line 2 Bloor-Danforth in Toronto, Ontario
Victoria Park station (Kitchener), an LRT station on the Ion service in Kitchener, Ontario
Hong Kong
Causeway Bay North station, also known as Victoria Park, a proposed railway station on the North Island Line
United Kingdom
Victoria Park railway station (Northern Ireland), a station served by the Belfast and County Down Railway
Victoria Park railway station (England), in London, the capital city of the United Kingdom
Whiteinch Victoria Park railway station, in Glasgow, Scotland
See also
Victoria station (disambiguation) |
Mars Vs. Venus (金星火星大不同) is a Singaporean Mandarin talkshow previously hosted by YES 933 DJs Cruz Teng and Siau Jiahui, but currently hosted by Bryan Wong and Quan Yi Fong. Debuting on 13 Apr 2015, it is aired on MediaCorp Channel U as part of its revamp. It is premiered at 9pm on Mondays, with an encore telecast at 11.30pm on the same night. It aims to be a talk show that is rich in content, thought-provoking and critical in reflecting the personal values of the different sexes. Through various interaction and debates, the show will be witnessing the real characteristics of men and women in the show.
Hosts
Cruz Teng - currently Head of Singapore's top radio station YES 933 and host of its morning show.
Siau Jiahui - Host of YES 933's morning show
Concept
Mars Vs. Venus discusses gender based topics with a panel of local celebrities.
Lineup
References
Radio in Singapore |
Proteuxoa gypsina is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in South Australia and Western Australia.
External links
Australian Faunal Directory
Proteuxoa
Moths of Australia
Moths described in 1897 |
Wehr may refer to:
WEHR, a former radio station owned by Penn State University
Wehr, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Wehr, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Wehr, a village in Selfkant, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
People with the surname
Dick Wehr (1925–2011), American professional basketball player
Hans Wehr (1909–1981), German Arabist
Julian Wehr (1898–1970), American author of children's books
Todd Wehr (1889–1965), American industrialist and philanthropist
Wesley Wehr (1929–2004), American palaeontologist
Thomas Wehr, American psychiatrist
See also
Ver (disambiguation)
Vera (disambiguation)
Vere (disambiguation)
Verus (disambiguation)
WER (disambiguation) |
The football tournament at the 2009 SEA Games was held in Vientiane, Laos. The men's tournament was played by under-23 national teams, while the women's tournament has no age limit.
Venues
Medal winners
Squads
Men's tournament
Participants
All times are Indochina Time (UTC+7)
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Knockout stages
Semi-finals
Bronze-medal match
Gold-medal match
Winners
Goalscorers
6 goals
Sompong Soleb
5 goals
Mai Tiến Thành
4 goals
Ahmad Fakri Saarani
3 goals
Lamnao Singto
Baddrol Bakhtiar
Mohd Safiq Rahim
Norshahrul Idlan Talaha
Hoàng Đình Tùng
Phan Thanh Bình
2 goals
Keo Sokngon
Kouch Sokumpheak
Stevie Bonsapia
Safuwan Baharudin
Anawin Jujeen
Apipoo Suntornpanavej
Keerati Keawsombat
Phạm Thành Lương
1 goal
Khim Borey
Rendy Siregar
Kanlaya Sysomvang
Khampheng Sayavutthi
Abdul Manaf Mamat
Mohd Aidil Zafuan Abdul Radzak
Mohd Amar Rohidan
Mohd Amirul Hadi Zainal
Mohd Nasriq Baharom
Mohd Zaquan Adha Abdul Radzak
S. Kunalan
Kyaw Thiha
Moe Win
Pai Soe
Soe Min Oo
Tun Tun Win
Fadhil Noh
Fazli Ayob
Hariss Harun
Khairul Nizam
Afiq Yunos
Shaiful Esah
Arthit Sunthornphit
Piyachart Tamaphan
Kriangkrai Pimrat
João Kik
Chu Ngọc Anh
Nguyễn Ngọc Anh
Nguyễn Trọng Hoàng
Phan Thanh Hưng
Trần Mạnh Dũng
Own goal
Mai Xuân Hợp (For Malaysia)
Võ Hoàng Quảng (For Malaysia)
Final ranking
Women's tournament
Participants
Group stage
Final
Winners
Goalscorers
4 goals
Souphavanh Phayvanh
Pitsamai Sornsai
Supaporn Gaewbaen
Đoàn Thị Kim Chi
3 goals
Khin Marlar Tun
Nguyễn Thị Muôn
Trần Thị Kim Hồng
2 goals
Sochitta Phonhalath
Moe Moe War
My Nilar Htwe
Naphat Seesraum
Nisa Romyen
Orathai Srimanee
Sunisa Srangthaisong
Sukunya Peangthem
Nguyễn Thị Minh Nguyệt
Văn Thị Thanh
1 goals
Khouanhta Sihanouvong
Norhanisa Yasa
Aye Nandar Hlang
Khin Moe Wai
Margret Marri
Thu Zar Htwe
Thanatta Chawong
Kanjana Sungngoen
Kwanruethai Kunupatham
Own goal
Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Anh (For Thailand)
Final ranking
References
2009 SEA Games events
2009
Southeast Asian Games
2009 in Asian football
2009 |
Johanna Uekermann (born 18 September 1987) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). She served as chairwoman of the Young Socialists in the SPD (Jusos) from 2013 to 2017 and as Deputy Leader of the SPD Bayern from 2017 until 2021
Early life
Uekermann was born in 1987 in the Bavarian city of Straubing. She is the daughter of two social-democratic teachers and grew up near Mitterfels.
Political career
Uekermann joined Jusos when she was 14 years old. In 2009, she was elected as vice-chairwoman of the Bavarian Jusos, and in 2011 as vice-chairwoman of the German Jusos. In 2013, she ran for the Bundestag elections and reached 17.6 percent of the vote in the electoral district of Straubing against the CSU candidate Alois Rainer. At the German congress of the Jusos on 6 December 2013 in Nuremberg, she was elected as chairwoman of the German Jusos with 207 of 296 votes. In the local elections on 16 March 2014, she was elected into the district council of Straubing-Bogen. In 2015, she was re-elected as chairwoman of the Jusos for two more years with 72.3 percent of the vote.
From 2017 until 2021, Uekermann served as deputy chairwoman of the SPD in Bavaria, under the leadership of Natascha Kohnen. In 2018 she was a candidate for a seat in the Landtag of Bavaria.
Together with Niels Annen, Martin Dulig, Oliver Kaczmarek, Gabriele Lösekrug-Möller and Anke Rehlinger, Uekermann co-chaired the SPD’s 2019 national convention in Berlin, during which the party elected Saskia Esken and Norbert Walter-Borjans as its new leaders.
Other activities
Friends of the Willy Brandt Center Jerusalem (WBC), Member
German United Services Trade Union (ver.di), Member
References
1987 births
People from Straubing
Living people
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
21st-century German politicians
21st-century German women politicians |
The New Zealand women's national cricket team toured Australia in February 2000. They played against Australia in three One Day Internationals, which were to contest the Rose Bowl. Australia won the series 3–0.
Squads
Tour Match
50-over match: Victoria v New Zealand
WODI Series
1st ODI
2nd ODI
3rd ODI
References
External links
New Zealand Women tour of Australia 1999/00 from Cricinfo
Women's international cricket tours of Australia
2000 in Australian cricket
New Zealand women's national cricket team tours |
USCGC Spencer (WPG-36) was a Treasury-class cutter of the United States Coast Guard that served during World War II. She was named for U.S. Treasury Secretary John Canfield Spencer.
Early career and World War II
Commissioned in 1937, she was first used as a search and rescue unit off Alaska's fishing grounds. When the United States entered World War II, the Coast Guard temporarily became part of the United States Navy. Spencer saw service in the Pacific War. During the Battle of Atlantic, she acted as a convoy escort, hunting German U-boats, and was responsible for sinking U-633 and U-175 in 1943.
Convoys escorted
Spencer was assigned to the US Navy's Seventh Fleet, in the Pacific in late 1944, where she served as a Communications Command Ship. There she was credited with taking part in numerous amphibious assaults including Luzon and Palawan in the Philippines Campaign.
Post-war career
After the war, Spencer returned to her Coast Guard duties, serving in the Atlantic Ocean. Here she provided navigational assistance for the fledgling Trans-Atlantic air industry and acted as a search and rescue platform for both ships and aeroplanes.
She returned to combat duty off the Vietnam coast in February 1969. For ten months, she carried out surveillance to prevent troops and supplies from getting into South Vietnam. She detected over 4,200 suspicious vessels and craft, closely monitored the movement of more than 1,320 of them and boarded 27 vessels to inspect of both their cargo and crew. Spencer detained 52 "enemy suspects" and turned them over to the South Vietnamese military for questioning. She also executed 13 naval gunfire missions in support of operations on land, destroying or damaging over 160 enemy structures, bunkers, and base camps. Spencer left Vietnam at the end of September and returned to the United States.
For the next five years, Spencer continued her peace-time mission of ocean station keeping.
Retirement
Spencer served for over 37 years and when decommissioned in 1974, she was the most decorated cutter in the Coast Guard's fleet. Her last voyage was from New York City to the United States Coast Guard Yard, Curtis Bay on 15 January 1974. On board her for this voyage were 24 of her World War II crew. She was decommissioned on 23 January 1974.
She served as an engineering training ship with students using her steam propulsion plant until 15 December 1980. She was then sold to the North American Smelting Company and scrapped.
Awards
Presidential Unit Citation
China Service Medal
American Defense Service Medal
American Campaign Medal
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with five battle stars
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four battle stars
World War II Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Medal with "ASIA" clasp
National Defense Service Medal with one service star
Vietnam Service Medal with three campaign stars
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
Philippine Liberation Medal
Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation with Gallantry Cross with Palm
Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
References
External links
USCGC Spencer at history.uscg.mil
Treasury-class cutters
1937 ships
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Ships built in Brooklyn |
Edward Ellerton, DD (1770–1851) was an English cleric, academic and schoolmaster, known as a founder of scholarships.
Life
He was the son of Richard Ellerton of Downholme, Yorkshire and his wife Catherine Whitelock, born on 30 January 1771. He was educated at Richmond School, and matriculated at University College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1792, and MA in 1795.
Ellerton was appointed master of Magdalen College School in 1799; was afterwards elected fellow of the college, and proceeded BD in 1805, and DD in 1815. He was appointed to the perpetual curacy of Horspath, Oxfordshire, in 1814, and to the perpetual curacy of Sevenhampton, Gloucestershire, in 1825. He resigned the latter charge early in 1851. For some time also he acted as curate to Martin Routh, the president of Magdalen, at Theale near Reading, a chapelry attached to the rectory of Tilehurst.
A lecturer in divinity, and senior fellow of Magdalen College, Ellerton died at his curacy of Theale on 26 December 1851.
Legacy
Ellerton was the founder of scholarships and prizes. In 1825 he established an annual prize of twenty guineas (£21), open to all members of the University of Oxford who had passed the examination for their first degree, the prize to be given for the best English essay on some theological subject. In the earlier part of Edward Pusey's career, Ellerton was his close friend, and, in conjunction with Pusey and his brother Philip, he founded in 1832 the Pusey and Ellerton scholarships, three in number, which were open to all members of the university, and of the annual value of £30 each.
Magdalen College (where Ellerton had for many years been the only tutor, and at times bursar) also shared in his benefactions. In addition to other gifts, in 1835 he founded an annual exhibition for the best reader of the lessons in the college chapel, and in 1849 an annual exhibition for the best scholar among the choristers; and by his will he founded in Magdalen College two annual exhibitions for students in Hebrew. He further established an exhibition for boys educated at Richmond School.
Works
Ellerton was a firm Protestant, and in 1845 published a brief polemical treatise on The Evils and Dangers of Tractarianism.
References
Attribution
1770 births
1851 deaths
Clergy from Yorkshire
19th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
English religious writers
19th-century British writers
People from Richmond, North Yorkshire |
Gmina Tworóg is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnowskie Góry County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Tworóg, which lies approximately north-west of Tarnowskie Góry and north-west of the regional capital Katowice.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 8,249.
Villages
Gmina Tworóg contains the villages and settlements of Boruszowice, Brynek, Hanusek, Koty, Mikołeska, Nowa Wieś Tworoska, Połomia, Świniowice, Tworóg and Wojska.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Tworóg is bordered by the towns of Lubliniec and Tarnowskie Góry, and by the gminas of Koszęcin, Krupski Młyn, Wielowieś and Zbrosławice.
References
Tworog
Tarnowskie Góry County |
Pathan Walla is a small village of Lodhran District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 29°32'4"N 71°37'15"E.
External links
Geographical Location
Villages in Lodhran District |
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