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Karl Kaser (1954 – 11 April 2022) was an Austrian historian who specialized in Southeastern Europe. Education and career Kaser was born in Pischelsdorf in der Steiermark, Austria in 1954. He studied at the University of Graz, majoring in History and minoring in Slavic Languages and Literature in 1974. He received a PhD from Graz in Southeast European History in 1980. That same year, he began his career as a researcher and Professor of Southeastern Europe at the university. In 1988, he was appointed Adjunct Assistant Professor and in 1996 as full Professor for Southeast European History and Anthropology. Kaser's main area of interest was on the history of family and gender relations as well visual cultures in the Balkans. Kaser passed away on 11 April 2022 in Piran, Slovenia. Selected bibliography References Further reading 1954 births 2022 deaths 20th-century Austrian historians 21st-century Austrian historians Historians of the Balkans University of Graz alumni People from Weiz District
Allen Froese is a Canadian contemporary Christian singer and songwriter. He is most noted for his 2019 EP All Things New, which was a Juno Award nominee for Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2021. He previously released the album Faith Inside in 2007, and the EP We Won't Stop in 2015. References External links Canadian performers of Christian music Living people 21st-century Canadian male singers Year of birth missing (living people)
Westside Connection was an American hip-hop supergroup formed by Mack 10, WC and Ice Cube. The group's debut album, Bow Down, reached the number 2 position on the Billboard 200 in 1996, going platinum that year. Biography Westside Connection began performing together in 1994, appearing on Mack 10's self-titled debut album, Mack 10, on the song "Westside Slaughterhouse". A few months later, the group again joined forces, this time appearing on WC's album, Curb Servin', on the song "West Up!". It was around this time the group began work on their debut album, Bow Down, which was released October 22, 1996. Individually, Mack 10, WC and Ice Cube continued working on solo projects in between group albums. Together, as Westside Connection, they produced several songs released on film soundtracks and compilations including "Bangin'" (from West Coast Bad Boyz II), "Let It Reign" (from Thicker than Water) and "It's the Holidaze" (from Friday After Next). On December 9, 2003, the group released their second album, Terrorist Threats, preceded by the lead single "Gangsta Nation", produced by Fredwreck and featuring Nate Dogg. Mack 10 quit the group in 2005 due to a conflict with Ice Cube, and Westside Connection subsequently disbanded. However, Ice Cube and WC continued to collaborate, having since appeared on each other's albums. In 2008, HipHopDX reported that Ice Cube and WC were planning to relaunch the Westside Connection project, with The Game being proposed as Mack 10's replacement (having appeared with WC on Ice Cube's album Raw Footage that same year), however the rumored relaunch never came to fruition. In an interview with VladTV in 2020, Mack 10 commented in retrospect that any reunion without his involvement would still require his being paid, as he owns the trademark on the group's name, due to their second album being released through his record label. In 2023, Ice Cube shuts down an eventual reunion despite Mack 10’s previous comments. Discography Studio albums Compilation albums Singles As lead artist As featured artist Promotional singles Guest appearances References American musical trios Gangsta rap groups Hip hop groups from California Hip hop supergroups Ice Cube Musical groups from Los Angeles Priority Records artists Rappers from Los Angeles
Vukovar-Srijem County (), Vukovar-Sirmium County or Vukovar-Syrmia County, named after the eponymous town of Vukovar and the region of Syrmia, is the easternmost Croatian county. It includes the eastern parts of the region of Slavonia and the western parts of the region of Syrmia, as well as the lower Sava river basin, Posavina and Danube river basin Podunavlje. Due to the overlapping definitions of geographic regions, division on Slavonia and Syrmia approximately divides the county vertically into north-west and south-east half, while division on Posavina and Podunavlje divides it horizontally on north-east and south-west half. The county's seat is in Vukovar, a town on the Danube river while its biggest town and economic and transportation center is in Vinkovci, town with 33,328 inhabitants. Vinkovci served as an temporary de facto seat of the county during the Croatian War of Independence with some institutions still remaining in the town as of 2020. In 2011 the entire population of the county was 180,117. Other than Vukovar and Vinkovci, settlements with town status are Ilok, Otok and Županja. Vukovar-Srijem County is ethnically most diverse county in Croatia with Croat majority and significant Serb, Hungarian, Pannonian Rusyns, Bosniak, Ukrainian and Slovak communities. The county was one of the most affected regions by the Croatian War of Independence and today belongs to the group of the least developed counties in Croatia with significant part of it being classified as an Areas of Special State Concern. Name The name of the Vukovar-Srijem County is derived from the name of its seat town of Vukovar and the standard Croatian name of the region of Syrmia. The name is formed out of the possessive adjective for the two eponymous with literal English translation being the Vukovarian-Syrmian County. The larger historical Syrmia County also covered large parts of modern Serbia and the easternmost part of Brod-Posavina County (see § Habsburg Empire and Austria-Hungary). Name in other languages In other minority languages used officially in certain towns, municipalities or villages of the Vukovar-Srijem County the entity is known as: , , , and . In historically relevant languages the county is known as , , and . History Pre-Roman history The area of the county has been inhabited since Neolithic times famous for its Vučedol culture and La Tène culture sites. It includes exceptionally rich archaeological sites, listed among the most important sites of southern Europe many of which are preserved today at the Vučedol Culture Museum. Roman Sirmium During the classical times, the Danube river was a part of the Danubian Limes. It was a birthplace of Roman emperors Valentinian I and Valens while the entire region was oriented towards the nearby Sirmium, a city declared one of four capitals of the Roman Empire in 294. Middle Ages Ottoman period During the Ottoman Hungary period the region was a pat of the Sanjak of Syrmia with seat in contemporary town of Ilok. Habsburg Empire and Austria-Hungary The Ottoman Empire retreated from the region after the signing of the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz. The region became a part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Slavonia and Slavonian Military Frontier as part of the Habsburg Monarchy (until 1804), Austrian Empire (1804–1867) and Austria-Hungary (1867–1918). The historical Slavonian Syrmia County, with its seat also in Vukovar, existed for most of the period between 1745 and 1922. During the revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire the historical county and parts of the Military Frontier, including most of modern Vukovar-Srijem County, briefly became part of the short-lived self-declared Serbian Vojvodina. In the aftermath, from 1849, the Military Frontier was restored and the historical county was split: the eastern part became part of the Neusatz (Novi Sad) district of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar crown land; the western part, which broadly corresponded to the northern part of modern Vukovar-Srijem County, including Vukovar, was merged into the Essek (Osijek) county of Slavonia. The border between the two was broadly similar, but not identical, to the modern Croatia-Serbia border; notably, Ilok lay just to the east of the border, and it ran through was is today Bapska, dividing Bapska-proper (in Neusatz) and Novak (in Essek). In 1860 the pre-1848 divisions, including the historical Syrmia County, were restored. In 1881 the Slavonian Military Frontier was abolished and large parts of it were merged into Syrmia County. Between 1881 and 1922 it covered the contemporary county and the area of modern-day Srem District (except Mačvanska Mitrovica), Zemun, Surčin and New Belgrade subdivisions of Belgrade, easternmost parts of Brod-Posavina County and Petrovaradin, Beočin, Neštin, Vizić and Sremski Karlovci. World War I Kingdom of Yugoslavia Some of the villages in the region were settled by Salonica front Serbian soldiers and families as an reward for their contribution to war efforts. The old Habsburg Syrmia County remained a subdivision of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia from 1929) until 1922; it then became an oblast (with the same borders) until 1929. From 1929 it was split between the Sava and Danube Banovinas until 1939; the modern Vukovar-Srijem County was mostly contained with Sava Banovina. In 1939 Sava Banovina was merged into the Banovina of Croatia and its borders extended, encompassing all of the modern county. World War II During World War II the region was part of the Nazi puppet Independent State of Croatia, mostly within Vuka County, with southern parts falling within Posavje County. The puppet state and Nazi forces conducted criminal policy of Holocaust, Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia and Romani genocide by destruction of Vinkovci Synagogue, devastation of Vukovar Synagogue, Dudik Killings, Ivanci massacre and other crimes in the region. Yugoslav Partisans, Europe's most effective anti-Axis resistance movement, was active at the Fruška Gora mountain and in villages alongside Zagreb–Belgrade railway (today M105 railway). The region was liberated after the Syrmian Front was broken. Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia In the period of the Socialist Republic of Croatia Vukovar became an important industrial center. For a long period during the existence of the Socialist Republic of Croatia the area of the modern day county was organized in three municipalities of Vinkovci, Vukovar and Županja. At the time Croatian municipalities were on average significantly larger units (both in territory and population) than contemporary municipalities of Croatia. Croatian War of Independence The Battle of Vukovar was an 87-day siege of Vukovar by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by various paramilitary forces from Serbia, between August and November 1991. Before the Croatian War of Independence the Baroque town was a prosperous, mixed community of Croats, Serbs and other ethnic groups. As Yugoslavia began to break up, Serbia's President Slobodan Milošević and Croatia's President Franjo Tuđman began pursuing nationalist politics. In 1990, an armed insurrection was started by Croatian Serb militias, supported by the Serbian government and paramilitary groups, who seized control of Serb-populated areas of Croatia. Battle of Borovo Selo was one of the first armed clashes which led to the War. Despite the battle the events in Eastern Slavonia developed slower than in Krajina and were under much stronger and more direct influence from the central government in Belgrade. They however led to the establishment of self-proclaimed SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia which subsequently joined the as well self-declared Republic of Serbian Krajina. The region was ethnically cleansed of its Croat and some other non-Serb population leading to some of the most serious violation of human rights including Erdut killings, Lovas killings, Dalj massacre, Tovarnik massacre, Vukovar massacre and other crimes. Within the Republic of Serbian Krajina there was no direct physical connection between the Krajina and Eastern Slavonia, and no later than 1994 there was effective detachment and schism between Pale-aligned and more hardline Knin administration and more compromising and Belgrade aligned Vukovar administration. Complete military defeat of Krajina during the Operation Storm and perception that similar or more devastating fate may follow up in Eastern Slavonia increased willingness to compromise and commitment on all sides to pursue peaceful resolution of the conflict. As the result of the War Vukovar became known in majority Croat community as the Hero City and is today a common emotional patriotic or nationalist reference commemorated officially as a Remembrance Day public holiday on November 18. United Nations administration On 12 November 1995 Erdut Agreement between the authorities of the Republic of Croatia and the local Serb authorities of the Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia was reached enabling peaceful resolution to the Croatian War of Independence in eastern Croatia. The agreement was acknowledged by the United Nations Security Council in its Resolution 1023 and subsequent resolutions dealing with the newly established United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium. The mission successfully demilitarized the region and returned it to government's control over the two year period. It enabled the return of Croat refugees and provided inter-communal power-sharing mechanisms in police and other institutions as well as the establishment of minority institutions such as the Serb National Council and regional Joint Council of Municipalities. Contemporary period In the aftermath of the direct United Nations Administration OSCE Mission to Croatia was present in the region. Geography Vukovar-Srijem County lies in the far northeastern part of Croatia, in the regions of eastern Slavonia and west Syrmia. Total area of the county is 2,454 km2. Two major rivers run through the county, the Danube and the Sava, and two smaller rivers, the Bosut and the Vuka. The Bosut is a tributary of the Sava river, while the Vuka is a tributary of the Danube. Small Bosut tributaries within the water-land Spačva basin are Spačva and Studva. The county's highest point is Čukala, on the Fruška Gora, at 294 meters (965 ft), and its lowest point is on the Spačva River at 78 meters (256 ft) within the Spačva basin. Vukovar-Srijem County has a moderate continental climate, with a yearly average of 11 °C (52 °F). The county has an average annual rainfall of in the east, up to in western parts (25.6 to 31.5 in). The Vukovar-Srijem County borders the Osijek-Baranja County to the north and west, Brod-Posavina County to the west, Bosnian and Herzegovinian entity of Republika Srpska to the south and south-west and Brčko District to south, Posavina Canton to south-west and Serbian Srem District to south-east and South Bačka District to north-east. The Croatian Government has claims on the islands of Šarengrad and Vukovar on the Danube river, which are under Serbian control. Demographics The population of Vukovar-Srijem County at the time of 2011 Census was 179,521 making it the 7th most populous county of Croatia. Historically, the population was highest in 1991 when it peaked at little over 230 thousand inhabitants. According to the 2001 census, Croats with 160,227 individuals constitute 78.27% of the county's entire population. Ethnic Serbs are the largest ethnic minority making 15.45% or 31,644 individuals. Other ethnic groups are Hungarians 2,047 (1%), Rusyns 1,796 (0.88%), Slovaks 1,338 (0.65%), Bosniaks 1,138 (0.54%). The largest Hungarian community is in Tordinci (18% of total population in the municipality), for Rusyns is Bogdanovci (23%), and for Bosniaks is Gunja (34%); while 78% of total Slovak population in the county live in Ilok. Vukovar-Srijem County is according to the census data the county with the highest percentage of ethnic non-Croats in the entire country. Serbs are the largest minority community followed by Hungarians, Rusyns, Slovaks and Bosniaks. Historically large Yugoslav, Danube Swabians, Jewish, Vlachs, Turkish and other communities lived in the region. Census data on Roma in Croatia may not always be reliable due to stigma associated with free expression of ethnic identity in this community. Area of modern-day Vukovar-Srijem County experienced number of spontaneous or state organized voluntary and involuntary waves of violent and peaceful emigration, immigration and politically motivated population persecution. Members of the same ethnic group in addition to social class may often distinguish themselves according to the time spent in the region (autochthonous or new and relatively new communities) and place of origin. Many of villages in the county are result of colonization. Among other, Austria-Hungary supported colonization of Mikluševci and Petrovci, Protestant Germans settled in Banovci, Kingdom of Yugoslavia supporting colonization of Karadžićevo, World War II puppet Independent State of Croatia established the village of Bokšić, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supported resettlement of the World War II persecuted Serb communities from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Dalmatia in the region. The Croatian War of Independence represent one of the last major demographic developments in the region. Croat communities were initially expelled from the self-proclaimed SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia. After the Operation Flash Serbian refugees from western Slavonia settled in the region yet majority of them together with some of the locals emigrated during and after the reintegration process. After the war Croatia state organized return of expelled Croats and provided housing for significant number of ethnic Croat refugees from Bosnian Posavina which became part of the Republika Srpska. After the 2013 enlargement of the European Union all communities in the county were affected by significantly increased levels of emigration to Western Europe (Germany, Ireland, Austria, United Kingdom). Vukovar-Srijem County was one of the Croatian counties most directly exposed to European migrant crisis yet it served almost exclusively as a transit point. As a response to this development new permanent immigration center was open in the village of Tovarnik. Minority populations Serbs form majority population in municipalities of Negoslavci (97.19%), Markušica (90.10%) (Gaboš, Karadžićevo, Ostrovo, Podrinje), Trpinja (89.75%) (Bobota, Bršadin, Pačetin, Vera, Ludvinci) and Borovo (89.73%). Outside of these municipalities Serbs form majority in villages Banovci, Vinkovački Banovci, Orolik, Srijemske Laze and Mlaka Antinska. Serbian minority communities live in Vukovar, Mirkovci, Tovarnik, Stari Jankovci, Novi Jankovci, Ilok, Bogdanovci, Tompojevci and Vinkovci. In the town of Vukovar and municipalities of Negoslavci, Markušica, Trpinja and Borovo, as well as in the villages of Banovci and Vinkovački Banovci, Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic script is introduced in official use alongside Croatian. There are in total 12 elementary schools with eight additional local schools and four secondary schools offering education in Serbian. A number of Serb minority organizations are centered in the county, including the Joint Council of Municipalities, the Independent Democratic Serb Party, and Radio Borovo. There is one elementary school in Korođ offering education in Hungarian language. The oldest mosque in Croatia in continuous use is Gunja Mosque located in the village of Gunja. Politics Following the 2021 Croatian local elections the Assembly of the Vukovar-Srijem County is composed of 37 elected representatives. Out of a total of 145,082 eligible voters 72,587 (50.03%) participated in the elections and 72,558 (50.01%) submitted their ballots. There were 68,401 (94.27%) valid and 4,157 (5.73%) invalid ballots. The Croatian Democratic Union got 27,460 (40.14%) ballots and 16 elected representatives, the Homeland Movement got 16,072 ballots (23.49%) and nine elected representatives, the Bridge of Independent Lists with Croatian Sovereignists 8,755 ballots (12.79%) and five elected representatives, the Social Democratic Party of Croatia got 5,113 ballots (7.47%) and three elected representatives, the Independent Democratic Serb Party got 4,943 ballots (7.22%) and two elected representatives, and independent politician Tomislav Panenić's list got 3,664 ballots (5,35%) and two elected representatives. Ethnic Serb independent politician Dragan Crnogorac's list got 2,394 ballots (3.49%), which is below the 5% required to be assigned any seats in the Assembly. \|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center !colspan=2\|Party !Votes !% !Seats \|- \| bgcolor=#4D4DFF\| \|align=left valign=top\|Croatian Democratic Union\|\|27,460\|\|40.14\|\|16 \|- \| width=5px bgcolor=#555555\| \|align=left valign=top\|Homeland Movement\|\|16,072 \|\|23.49\|\|9 \|- \| bgcolor=#D44500\| \|align=left valign=top\|Bridge of Independent Lists & Croatian Sovereignists\|\|8,755\|\|12.79\|\|5 \|- \| bgcolor=#E60026\| \|align=left valign=top\|Social Democratic Party of Croatia\|\|5,113\|\|7.47\|\|3 \|- \| bgcolor=#89CFF0\| \|align=left valign=top\|Independent Democratic Serb Party\|\|4,943\|\|7.22\|\|2 \|- \| bgcolor=#74C365\| \|align=left valign=top\|Independent politician Tomislav Panenić's list\|\|3,664\|\|5.35\|\|2 \|- \| bgcolor=#C3B091\| \|align=left valign=top\|Independent politician Dragan Crnogorac's list\|\|2,394\|\|3.49\|\|0 \|- \|align=left colspan=2\|Invalid/blank votes\|\|4,157\|\| 5.73\|\|— \|- \|align=left colspan=2\|Total\|\|72,558\|\|100\|\|— \|- \|align=left colspan=2\|Registered voters/turnout\|\|145,082\|\|50.01\|\|— \|- \|align=left colspan=8\| \|- \|align=left colspan=8\|Source: \|} Minority councils and representatives Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Bosniaks, Hungarians, Pannonian Rusyns, Slovaks and Serbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 25 members minority councils of the Vukovar-Srijem County while Albanians, Germans and Ukrainians of Croatia electing individual representatives with Roma representative remaining unelected due to the lack of candidates. Numerous municipalities, towns or cities in the county elected their own local minority councils as well. Towns and municipalities Vukovar-Srijem County has 85 settlements, and is divided into five towns and 26 municipalities. See also Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia References External links Vukovar-Syrmia County Vukovar-Srijem County tourist organization Counties of Croatia
Frédéric Dufour (born 2 February 1976 in Lyon) is a French rower. References External links 1976 births Living people French male rowers Sportspeople from Lyon Olympic rowers for France Rowers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medalists for France Olympic medalists in rowing Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics World Rowing Championships medalists for France Mediterranean Games silver medalists for France Mediterranean Games medalists in rowing Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games 20th-century French people 21st-century French people
The Nome Cult Trail is a northern Californian historic trail located in present-day Mendocino National Forest which goes along Round Valley Road and through Rocky Ridge and the Sacramento Valley. It is also known as the Konkow Trail of Tears. On August 28, 1863, all Konkow Maidu were to be at the Bidwell Ranch in Chico to be taken to the Round Valley Reservation at Covelo in Mendocino County. Any Native Americans remaining in the area were to be shot. 435 Maidu were rounded up and marched under guard west out of the Sacramento Valley and through to the Coastal Range. 461 Native Americans started the trek, 277 finished. They reached Round Valley on September 18, 1863. History The trail was originally used during the mid-19th century to forcibly relocate Native American tribes to the Nome Lackee Indian Reservation near Paskenta, California. The Nomlaki were first placed there in 1854 in an effort to control the tribe as well as protect them from recently arriving settlers. On 5 July 1863, two children of Sam and Mary Lewis were murdered. Their sister escaped; upon her return, the settlers guessed that at least one of the suspects was from Bidwell's rancheria. Despite Bidwell's vouching for their innocence, 461 members of the Concow Maidu were rounded up and, on 4 September 1863, were forced to march over from Chico, California to the Round Valley Indian Reservation, escorted by 23 US cavalrymen under the command of Captain Augustus Starr. Chico to Colby's Ferry Starting at Camp Bidwell, the group traveled ten miles and camped at Colby's Ferry on the Sacramento River to rest, where there was food and water available. While the cavalry rode horses, those unable to travel by foot were brought via wagon along with additional supplies. Colby's Ferry to Kirkpatrick Ranch On 5 September, the group ferried across the Sacramento River and walked another ten miles to Stoney Creek, where the water was too salty to drink. The cavalry forced the weary and tired group to march another five miles before finally resting at Kirkpatrick Ranch. During the hot late Summer night nine Native Americans died from exhaustion and thirst. The mourners were given nearly no time to grieve and forced by the cavalry to march another twelve miles from Kirkpatrick Ranch to James Ranch. During that night more perished from malnutrition and illness. James Ranch to Lacock Ranch On 8 September the Native Americans were forced to hike six miles to Lacock Ranch on Thomas Creek. The wagons which had been transporting elders, children, and those too sick to walk, were returned to Chico at this point, and the group waited for four days along Thomas Creek for a mulepack train from Round Valley. Mountain Home Camp On the fifth day, Captain Starr marched the group of Native Americans to Mountain Home camp, moving them three miles on foot. The party stayed at Mountain Home between 12 and 14 September. When the mule pack train arrived on 14 September, the group set out again, the majority of them on foot; those who were sick but well enough to travel rode muleback; one wagon carried the children. They left behind 150 Maidu who were too ill from malnourishment and the hardship of the journey, with only enough food supplies for a month. The weary group then traveled to camp at Cedar Springs, on a seven-mile hike high into the Coast Range. The next day the group hiked another six miles onward into the mountains, camping at Log Springs. Log Springs to Round Valley On 16 September their only wagon was abandoned at Log Springs. The group continued on foot and many struggled to continue the trip during the ten mile ascent into the mountains to Log Cabin, now known as "Government Camp" camping area. Continuing on, the Maidu were forced to climb the final three mile hike up to elevations beyond , spending their last night on the journey at the junction of the South and Middle Forks of the Eel River, before their final descent into Round Valley. During the last difficult days of the journey, some mothers reportedly tried to kill their babies fearing their children would be abandoned if they were to die. When news of the abandonment at Mountain House reached Fort Wright, the commandant Captain Douglas sent Superintendent James Short to bring food to those dying along the trail and several wagon teams to bring them back to the fort. After 13 days, Short was able to save only "a portion of them". According to a later report, Short described the horrific scene: ... about 150 sick Indians were scattered along the trail for 50 miles ... dying at the rate of 2 or 3 a day. They had nothing to eat ... and the wild hogs were eating them up either before or after they were dead. Only slightly more than half of the original 461 members survived the march. Along with the 150 left behind at Mountain House, 32 others died en route, and 2 others escaped before the remaining 277 Maidu eventually arrived at the reservation on 18 September. Left there by the cavalrymen, they had too few supplies for the winter. While this account sounds harrowing, Dorothy Hill writes, "Indian versions of the cruel hardships that their ancestors encountered on the drive to Round Valley are more explicit than the government accounts". Tribal members and their descendants tell stories of impatient soldiers using whips on the marchers, shooting anyone trying to escape, and unburdening mothers of their babies, by beating the children against rocks and trees to quicken their pace. Historical context Professor Jesse Dizard, Chair (2018) CSU Chico Department of Anthropology gives the following context: The Concow Trail of Tears was not an isolated event. Tension between white settlers and Native American communities had been growing for years. The Gold Rush of 1849 brought hundreds of thousands to California, most of them young men who cared very little for the indigenous population and its way of life, or their claims to traditional lands. Indeed, the concept of human rights either did not exist or was strictly reserved for European-Americans. Native Americans were forced from their lands, had their children kidnapped, were forced into indentured servitude, or quite simply were murdered. Retaliatory action from Native Americans was met with swift and often violent retribution. Current status A small section exists and is part of the Nome Cult Mountain House Trail as part of a number of hiking trails in Mendocino National Forest. References Native American history of California Forced migrations of Native Americans in the United States Massacres of Native Americans by the United States military Historic trails and roads in California Maidu Chico, California Transportation in Mendocino County, California 1863 in the United States History of Mendocino County, California History of Butte County, California Native American genocide 1863 in California
Dijkstra's algorithm ( ) is an algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes in a weighted graph, which may represent, for example, road networks. It was conceived by computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra in 1956 and published three years later. The algorithm exists in many variants. Dijkstra's original algorithm found the shortest path between two given nodes, but a more common variant fixes a single node as the "source" node and finds shortest paths from the source to all other nodes in the graph, producing a shortest-path tree. For a given source node in the graph, the algorithm finds the shortest path between that node and every other. It can also be used for finding the shortest paths from a single node to a single destination node by stopping the algorithm once the shortest path to the destination node has been determined. For example, if the nodes of the graph represent cities and costs of edge paths represent driving distances between pairs of cities connected by a direct road (for simplicity, ignore red lights, stop signs, toll roads and other obstructions), then Dijkstra's algorithm can be used to find the shortest route between one city and all other cities. A widely used application of shortest path algorithms is network routing protocols, most notably IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First). It is also employed as a subroutine in other algorithms such as Johnson's. The Dijkstra algorithm uses labels that are positive integers or real numbers, which are totally ordered. It can be generalized to use any labels that are partially ordered, provided the subsequent labels (a subsequent label is produced when traversing an edge) are monotonically non-decreasing. This generalization is called the generic Dijkstra shortest-path algorithm. Dijkstra's algorithm uses a data structure for storing and querying partial solutions sorted by distance from the start. Dijkstra's original algorithm does not use a min-priority queue and runs in time (where is the number of nodes). The idea of this algorithm is also given in . propose using a Fibonacci heap min-priority queue to optimize the running time complexity to . This is asymptotically the fastest known single-source shortest-path algorithm for arbitrary directed graphs with unbounded non-negative weights. However, specialized cases (such as bounded/integer weights, directed acyclic graphs etc.) can indeed be improved further as detailed in Specialized variants. Additionally, if preprocessing is allowed algorithms such as contraction hierarchies can be up to seven orders of magnitude faster. In some fields, artificial intelligence in particular, Dijkstra's algorithm or a variant of it is known as uniform cost search and formulated as an instance of the more general idea of best-first search. History Dijkstra thought about the shortest path problem when working at the Mathematical Center in Amsterdam in 1956 as a programmer to demonstrate the capabilities of a new computer called ARMAC. His objective was to choose both a problem and a solution (that would be produced by computer) that non-computing people could understand. He designed the shortest path algorithm and later implemented it for ARMAC for a slightly simplified transportation map of 64 cities in the Netherlands (64, so that 6 bits would be sufficient to encode the city number). A year later, he came across another problem from hardware engineers working on the institute's next computer: minimize the amount of wire needed to connect the pins on the back panel of the machine. As a solution, he re-discovered the algorithm known as Prim's minimal spanning tree algorithm (known earlier to Jarník, and also rediscovered by Prim). Dijkstra published the algorithm in 1959, two years after Prim and 29 years after Jarník. Algorithm Let the node at which we are starting be called the initial node. Let the distance of node Y be the distance from the initial node to Y. Dijkstra's algorithm will initially start with infinite distances and will try to improve them step by step. Mark all nodes unvisited. Create a set of all the unvisited nodes called the unvisited set. Assign to every node a tentative distance value: set it to zero for our initial node and to infinity for all other nodes. During the run of the algorithm, the tentative distance of a node v is the length of the shortest path discovered so far between the node v and the starting node. Since initially no path is known to any other vertex than the source itself (which is a path of length zero), all other tentative distances are initially set to infinity. Set the initial node as current. For the current node, consider all of its unvisited neighbors and calculate their tentative distances through the current node. Compare the newly calculated tentative distance to the one currently assigned to the neighbor and assign it the smaller one. For example, if the current node A is marked with a distance of 6, and the edge connecting it with a neighbor B has length 2, then the distance to B through A will be 6 + 2 = 8. If B was previously marked with a distance greater than 8 then change it to 8. Otherwise, the current value will be kept. When we are done considering all of the unvisited neighbors of the current node, mark the current node as visited and remove it from the unvisited set. A visited node will never be checked again (this is valid and optimal in connection with the behavior in step 6.: that the next nodes to visit will always be in the order of 'smallest distance from initial node first' so any visits after would have a greater distance). If the destination node has been marked visited (when planning a route between two specific nodes) or if the smallest tentative distance among the nodes in the unvisited set is infinity (when planning a complete traversal; occurs when there is no connection between the initial node and remaining unvisited nodes), then stop. The algorithm has finished. Otherwise, select the unvisited node that is marked with the smallest tentative distance, set it as the new current node, and go back to step 3. When planning a route, it is actually not necessary to wait until the destination node is "visited" as above: the algorithm can stop once the destination node has the smallest tentative distance among all "unvisited" nodes (and thus could be selected as the next "current"). Description Suppose you would like to find the shortest path between two intersections on a city map: a starting point and a destination. Dijkstra's algorithm initially marks the distance (from the starting point) to every other intersection on the map with infinity. This is done not to imply that there is an infinite distance, but to note that those intersections have not been visited yet. Some variants of this method leave the intersections' distances unlabeled. Now select the current intersection at each iteration. For the first iteration, the current intersection will be the starting point, and the distance to it (the intersection's label) will be zero. For subsequent iterations (after the first), the current intersection will be a closest unvisited intersection to the starting point (this will be easy to find). From the current intersection, update the distance to every unvisited intersection that is directly connected to it. This is done by determining the sum of the distance between an unvisited intersection and the value of the current intersection and then relabeling the unvisited intersection with this value (the sum) if it is less than the unvisited intersection's current value. In effect, the intersection is relabeled if the path to it through the current intersection is shorter than the previously known paths. To facilitate shortest path identification, in pencil, mark the road with an arrow pointing to the relabeled intersection if you label/relabel it, and erase all others pointing to it. After you have updated the distances to each neighboring intersection, mark the current intersection as visited and select an unvisited intersection with minimal distance (from the starting point) – or the lowest label—as the current intersection. Intersections marked as visited are labeled with the shortest path from the starting point to it and will not be revisited or returned to. Continue this process of updating the neighboring intersections with the shortest distances, marking the current intersection as visited, and moving onto a closest unvisited intersection until you have marked the destination as visited. Once you have marked the destination as visited (as is the case with any visited intersection), you have determined the shortest path to it from the starting point and can trace your way back following the arrows in reverse. In the algorithm's implementations, this is usually done (after the algorithm has reached the destination node) by following the nodes' parents from the destination node up to the starting node; that's why we also keep track of each node's parent. This algorithm makes no attempt of direct "exploration" towards the destination as one might expect. Rather, the sole consideration in determining the next "current" intersection is its distance from the starting point. This algorithm therefore expands outward from the starting point, interactively considering every node that is closer in terms of shortest path distance until it reaches the destination. When understood in this way, it is clear how the algorithm necessarily finds the shortest path. However, it may also reveal one of the algorithm's weaknesses: its relative slowness in some topologies. Pseudocode In the following pseudocode algorithm, is an array that contains the current distances from the to other vertices, i.e. is the current distance from the source to the vertex . The array contains pointers to previous-hop nodes on the shortest path from source to the given vertex (equivalently, it is the next-hop on the path from the given vertex to the source). The code , searches for the vertex in the vertex set that has the least value. returns the length of the edge joining (i.e. the distance between) the two neighbor-nodes and . The variable on line 14 is the length of the path from the root node to the neighbor node if it were to go through . If this path is shorter than the current shortest path recorded for , that current path is replaced with this path. 1 function Dijkstra(Graph, source): 2 3 for each vertex v in Graph.Vertices: 4 dist[v] ← INFINITY 5 prev[v] ← UNDEFINED 6 add v to Q 7 dist[source] ← 0 8 9 while Q is not empty: 10 u ← vertex in Q with min dist[u] 11 remove u from Q 12 13 for each neighbor v of u still in Q: 14 alt ← dist[u] + Graph.Edges(u, v) 15 if alt < dist[v]: 16 dist[v] ← alt 17 prev[v] ← u 18 19 return dist[], prev[] If we are only interested in a shortest path between vertices and , we can terminate the search after line 10 if . Now we can read the shortest path from to by reverse iteration: 1 S ← empty sequence 2 u ← target 3 if prev[u] is defined or u = source: // Do something only if the vertex is reachable 4 while u is defined: // Construct the shortest path with a stack S 5 insert u at the beginning of S // Push the vertex onto the stack 6 u ← prev[u] // Traverse from target to source Now sequence is the list of vertices constituting one of the shortest paths from to , or the empty sequence if no path exists. A more general problem would be to find all the shortest paths between and (there might be several different ones of the same length). Then instead of storing only a single node in each entry of we would store all nodes satisfying the relaxation condition. For example, if both and connect to and both of them lie on different shortest paths through (because the edge cost is the same in both cases), then we would add both and to . When the algorithm completes, data structure will actually describe a graph that is a subset of the original graph with some edges removed. Its key property will be that if the algorithm was run with some starting node, then every path from that node to any other node in the new graph will be the shortest path between those nodes in the original graph, and all paths of that length from the original graph will be present in the new graph. Then to actually find all these shortest paths between two given nodes we would use a path finding algorithm on the new graph, such as depth-first search. Using a priority queue A min-priority queue is an abstract data type that provides 3 basic operations: , and . As mentioned earlier, using such a data structure can lead to faster computing times than using a basic queue. Notably, Fibonacci heap or Brodal queue offer optimal implementations for those 3 operations. As the algorithm is slightly different, it is mentioned here, in pseudocode as well: 1 function Dijkstra(Graph, source): 2 dist[source] ← 0 // Initialization 3 4 create vertex priority queue Q 5 6 for each vertex v in Graph.Vertices: 7 if v ≠ source 8 dist[v] ← INFINITY // Unknown distance from source to v 9 prev[v] ← UNDEFINED // Predecessor of v 10 11 Q.add_with_priority(v, dist[v]) 12 13 14 while Q is not empty: // The main loop 15 u ← Q.extract_min() // Remove and return best vertex 16 for each neighbor v of u: // Go through all v neighbors of u 17 alt ← dist[u] + Graph.Edges(u, v) 18 if alt < dist[v]: 19 dist[v] ← alt 20 prev[v] ← u 21 Q.decrease_priority(v, alt) 22 23 return dist, prev Instead of filling the priority queue with all nodes in the initialization phase, it is also possible to initialize it to contain only source; then, inside the if alt < dist[v] block, the becomes an operation if the node is not already in the queue. Yet another alternative is to add nodes unconditionally to the priority queue and to instead check after extraction that it isn't revisiting, or that no shorter connection was found yet. This can be done by additionally extracting the associated priority p from the queue and only processing further if p == dist[u] inside the while Q is not empty loop. These alternatives can use entirely array-based priority queues without decrease-key functionality, which have been found to achieve even faster computing times in practice. However, the difference in performance was found to be narrower for denser graphs. Proof of correctness Proof of Dijkstra's algorithm is constructed by induction on the number of visited nodes. Invariant hypothesis: For each visited node , is the shortest distance from to , and for each unvisited node , is the shortest distance from to when traveling via visited nodes only, or infinity if no such path exists. (Note: we do not assume is the actual shortest distance for unvisited nodes, while is the actual shortest distance) The base case is when there is just one visited node, namely the initial node , in which case the hypothesis is trivial. Next, assume the hypothesis for k-1 visited nodes. Next, we choose to be the next visited node according to the algorithm. We claim that is the shortest distance from to . To prove that claim, we will proceed with a proof by contradiction. If there were a shorter path, then there can be two cases, either the shortest path contains another unvisited node or not. In the first case, let be the first unvisited node on the shortest path. By the induction hypothesis, the shortest path from to and through visited node only has cost and respectively. That means the cost of going from to through has the cost of at least + the minimal cost of going from to . As the edge costs are positive, the minimal cost of going from to is a positive number. Also because the algorithm picked instead of . Now we arrived at a contradiction that yet + a positive number < . In the second case, let be the last but one node on the shortest path. That means . That is a contradiction because by the time is visited, it should have set to at most . For all other visited nodes , the induction hypothesis told us is the shortest distance from already, and the algorithm step is not changing that. After processing it will still be true that for each unvisited node , will be the shortest distance from to using visited nodes only, because if there were a shorter path that doesn't go by we would have found it previously, and if there were a shorter path using we would have updated it when processing . After all nodes are visited, the shortest path from to any node consists only of visited nodes, therefore is the shortest distance. Running time Bounds of the running time of Dijkstra's algorithm on a graph with edges and vertices can be expressed as a function of the number of edges, denoted , and the number of vertices, denoted , using big-O notation. The complexity bound depends mainly on the data structure used to represent the set . In the following, upper bounds can be simplified because is for any graph, but that simplification disregards the fact that in some problems, other upper bounds on may hold. For any data structure for the vertex set , the running time is in where and are the complexities of the decrease-key and extract-minimum operations in , respectively. The simplest version of Dijkstra's algorithm stores the vertex set as a linked list or array, and edges as an adjacency list or matrix. In this case, extract-minimum is simply a linear search through all vertices in , so the running time is . For sparse graphs, that is, graphs with far fewer than edges, Dijkstra's algorithm can be implemented more efficiently by storing the graph in the form of adjacency lists and using a self-balancing binary search tree, binary heap, pairing heap, or Fibonacci heap as a priority queue to implement extracting minimum efficiently. To perform decrease-key steps in a binary heap efficiently, it is necessary to use an auxiliary data structure that maps each vertex to its position in the heap, and to keep this structure up to date as the priority queue changes. With a self-balancing binary search tree or binary heap, the algorithm requires time in the worst case (where denotes the binary logarithm ); for connected graphs this time bound can be simplified to . The Fibonacci heap improves this to When using binary heaps, the average case time complexity is lower than the worst-case: assuming edge costs are drawn independently from a common probability distribution, the expected number of decrease-key operations is bounded by , giving a total running time of Practical optimizations and infinite graphs In common presentations of Dijkstra's algorithm, initially all nodes are entered into the priority queue. This is, however, not necessary: the algorithm can start with a priority queue that contains only one item, and insert new items as they are discovered (instead of doing a decrease-key, check whether the key is in the queue; if it is, decrease its key, otherwise insert it). This variant has the same worst-case bounds as the common variant, but maintains a smaller priority queue in practice, speeding up the queue operations. Moreover, not inserting all nodes in a graph makes it possible to extend the algorithm to find the shortest path from a single source to the closest of a set of target nodes on infinite graphs or those too large to represent in memory. The resulting algorithm is called uniform-cost search (UCS) in the artificial intelligence literature and can be expressed in pseudocode as procedure uniform_cost_search(start) is node ← start frontier ← priority queue containing node only expanded ← empty set do if frontier is empty then return failure node ← frontier.pop() if node is a goal state then return solution(node) expanded.add(node) for each of node's neighbors n do if n is not in expanded and not in frontier then frontier.add(n) else if n is in frontier with higher cost replace existing node with n The complexity of this algorithm can be expressed in an alternative way for very large graphs: when is the length of the shortest path from the start node to any node satisfying the "goal" predicate, each edge has cost at least , and the number of neighbors per node is bounded by , then the algorithm's worst-case time and space complexity are both in . Further optimizations of Dijkstra's algorithm for the single-target case include bidirectional variants, goal-directed variants such as the A* algorithm (see ), graph pruning to determine which nodes are likely to form the middle segment of shortest paths (reach-based routing), and hierarchical decompositions of the input graph that reduce routing to connecting and to their respective "transit nodes" followed by shortest-path computation between these transit nodes using a "highway". Combinations of such techniques may be needed for optimal practical performance on specific problems. Specialized variants When arc weights are small integers (bounded by a parameter ), specialized queues which take advantage of this fact can be used to speed up Dijkstra's algorithm. The first algorithm of this type was Dial's algorithm for graphs with positive integer edge weights, which uses a bucket queue to obtain a running time . The use of a Van Emde Boas tree as the priority queue brings the complexity to . Another interesting variant based on a combination of a new radix heap and the well-known Fibonacci heap runs in time . Finally, the best algorithms in this special case are as follows. The algorithm given by runs in time and the algorithm given by runs in time. Related problems and algorithms The functionality of Dijkstra's original algorithm can be extended with a variety of modifications. For example, sometimes it is desirable to present solutions which are less than mathematically optimal. To obtain a ranked list of less-than-optimal solutions, the optimal solution is first calculated. A single edge appearing in the optimal solution is removed from the graph, and the optimum solution to this new graph is calculated. Each edge of the original solution is suppressed in turn and a new shortest-path calculated. The secondary solutions are then ranked and presented after the first optimal solution. Dijkstra's algorithm is usually the working principle behind link-state routing protocols, OSPF and IS-IS being the most common ones. Unlike Dijkstra's algorithm, the Bellman–Ford algorithm can be used on graphs with negative edge weights, as long as the graph contains no negative cycle reachable from the source vertex s. The presence of such cycles means there is no shortest path, since the total weight becomes lower each time the cycle is traversed. (This statement assumes that a "path" is allowed to repeat vertices. In graph theory that is normally not allowed. In theoretical computer science it often is allowed.) It is possible to adapt Dijkstra's algorithm to handle negative weight edges by combining it with the Bellman-Ford algorithm (to remove negative edges and detect negative cycles); such an algorithm is called Johnson's algorithm. The A* algorithm is a generalization of Dijkstra's algorithm that cuts down on the size of the subgraph that must be explored, if additional information is available that provides a lower bound on the "distance" to the target. The process that underlies Dijkstra's algorithm is similar to the greedy process used in Prim's algorithm. Prim's purpose is to find a minimum spanning tree that connects all nodes in the graph; Dijkstra is concerned with only two nodes. Prim's does not evaluate the total weight of the path from the starting node, only the individual edges. Breadth-first search can be viewed as a special-case of Dijkstra's algorithm on unweighted graphs, where the priority queue degenerates into a FIFO queue. The fast marching method can be viewed as a continuous version of Dijkstra's algorithm which computes the geodesic distance on a triangle mesh. Dynamic programming perspective From a dynamic programming point of view, Dijkstra's algorithm is a successive approximation scheme that solves the dynamic programming functional equation for the shortest path problem by the Reaching method. In fact, Dijkstra's explanation of the logic behind the algorithm, namely is a paraphrasing of Bellman's famous Principle of Optimality in the context of the shortest path problem. Applications Least-cost paths are calculated for instance to establish tracks of electricity lines or oil pipelines. The algorithm has also been used to calculate optimal long-distance footpaths in Ethiopia and contrast them with the situation on the ground. The Dijkstra's algorithm is a very useful algorithm that can be parallelized using Delta Stepping. See also A* search algorithm Bellman–Ford algorithm Euclidean shortest path Floyd–Warshall algorithm Johnson's algorithm Longest path problem Parallel all-pairs shortest path algorithm Notes References External links Oral history interview with Edsger W. Dijkstra, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm using TDD, Robert Cecil Martin, The Clean Code Blog Algorithm 1959 in computing Graph algorithms Search algorithms Routing algorithms Combinatorial optimization Articles with example pseudocode Dutch inventions Graph distance
Unrequited Love () is a Chinese television series based on the novel of the same name by Bayue Chang'an. It stars Hu Yitian and Hu Bingqing. It aired on Mango TV starting from January 20, 2021. Synopsis The love story of Luo Zhi and Sheng Huainan spans across fifteen years, focusing on them facing their feelings for each other over time. Luo Zhi and Huai Nan were childhood playmates. Due to a family problem, Luo Zhi had been diligently focusing on her studies. She and Huai Nan were not close in high school, though they both ended up in the same university. Luo Zhi kept making chances to meet her crush-Sheng Huainan. Their relationship develops as they start to hit it off. However, Ye Zhanyan and Ding Shui Jing's meddling, as well as complicated personal matters, lead to all sorts of misunderstandings. Cast Hu Yitian as Sheng Huainan (盛淮南) Hu Bingqing as Luo Zhi (洛枳) Zhang Yijie as Zhang Mingrui (张明瑞) Liu Meihan as Jiang Baili (江百丽) Liu Bi Qu as Chen Mohan (陈墨涵) Deng Kai as Ge Bi (戈壁) Liu Jia as Ye Zhanyan (叶展颜) Liu Yang as Lei Tian (雷天) Pu Tao as Ding Shuijing (丁水婧) Na Ji Ma as Xu Riqing (许日清) Zhai Xiao Wen as Xu Zhi'an (徐志安) Zhang Yi as Zheng Wenrui (郑文瑞) Sequel Unrequited Love is the third installment of a youth series written by Bayue Changan, following With You and before My Huckleberry Friends. There was a 2019 version of Unrequited Love starring Zhuyan Manci and Zhao Shunran. References Television series by Hualu Baina Film & TV 2020s teen drama television series Chinese romance television series Chinese high school television series 2020 Chinese television series debuts Mango TV original programming
is the first album by the Japanese pop idol group Cute, released on October 25, 2006 on the Zetima label. The album was released in limited and regular editions. The limited edition included an extra DVD. The album debuted at number 7 in the Daily Oricon Albums Chart. It ranked 15th in the Oricon weekly chart, staying in the list for 3 weeks. As of 2011, it remains C-ute's 2nd best selling album. Track listing All songs written and composed by Tsunku. CD "As One" "Endless Love ~I Love You More~ (°C-ute Version)" Limited Edition DVD (from "Cutie Circuit 2006 Final in Yomiuriland East Live: September 10 is °C-ute's Day") SPOT Charts References External links Cutie Queen Vol.1 entry on the Hello! Project official website 2006 debut albums Cute (Japanese idol group) albums Zetima albums
The Battle of Karakilisa ( Gharakilisayi chakatamart, or ) was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Karakilisa (now Vanadzor), on May 25–28, 1918. History Although they were outnumbered, Armenian fighters managed to turn back the advancing Ottoman forces, breaking the armistice that had been signed with Transcaucasian commissariat in December 1917. The victory here as well as at Sardarabad and Abaran were instrumental in allowing the First Republic of Armenia to come into existence. In several months, the cities of Erznka, Erzerum, Sarikamish, Kars and Alexandropol were invaded. On May 20, they invaded the Akhbulag, Djrajur and Kaltakhchi villages. On May 21, they invaded Vorontsovka. Pressed by the Turkish regular army, Armenian forces were retreating. One of the advancing Turkish forces moved towards Yerevan, another one to Karakilisa. The latter forces included about 10 thousand soldiers, 80 pieces of artillery and 50 machine-guns. The Armenians were leaving their homes moving to the south to Yerevan and Syunik. Garegin Nzhdeh (with his troops) reached Karakilisa and managed to unite the population for the fight. The Armenian forces reached the number of 6 thousand, with 80 pieces of artillery and 50 machine-guns. After a violent battle of 4 days, on May 25–28, both sides had serious losses. Although the Ottoman army managed to occupy Karakilisa and massacre all its population of 4,000 souls, it had no more forces to intrude farther into Armenian territories. Wehib Pasha speaking to his headquarters, References Karakilisa Karakilisa Karakilisa Karakilisa 1918 in the Ottoman Empire 1918 in Armenia May 1918 events
Tantilla taeniata, the Central American centipede snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. The snake is found in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. References Tantilla Reptiles described in 1883 Reptiles of Guatemala Reptiles of Honduras Reptiles of Nicaragua Reptiles of El Salvador Taxa named by Marie Firmin Bocourt
Joanna Belfrage Picken (8 May 179825 March 1859) was a Scottish-Canadian poet and satirist. Life Joanna Belfrage Picken was born in Edinburgh on 8 May 1798 to Ebenezer Picken, a poet from Paisley, Renfrewshire, and Robina Belfrage, a sister to Reverend Henry Belfrage. She was one of nine children, with her siblings including Catherine Picken, Henry Belfrage Picken, and Andrew Belfrage Picken. She and Catherine, the only daughters of Ebenezer and Robina who survived to adulthood, were well educated. Picken's first poems were contributions to the Glasgow Courier and Free Press in 1828. She and her sister Catherine established a boarding school in Musselburgh, Lothian, but their attempt was a failure, possibly due to uncomplimentary poems that Picken published about local figures. She emigrated to Montreal, Quebec in 1842 with other family members. She worked as a music teacher while writing poetry under the name "Alpha". She contributed to the Literary Garland and the Montreal Transcript. She died of apoplexy in Montreal on 25 March 1859 and is buried in the Mount Royal Cemetery. Poems Picken is best known for the comic poem "An Auld Friend wi' a New Face", which is about the hazards of marriage from a woman's point of view, providing advice to unmarried women about the benefits of remaining single. This poem, alongside one entitled "The Death Watch" were included in James Grant Wilson's 1876 anthology The Poets and Poetry of Scotland. Her work was otherwise unpublished outside of nineteenth-century periodicals. Sixteen more have been recovered, three in Montreal newspapers and thirteen in the possession of her brother Henry's great-great-grandson, with the earliest dating from 1829. Most have a melancholic tone, focused on themes of bitterness, homesickness, sorrow, death, and the release of life. Only two, "To Berwick," and "The Light Guitar" (the latter set to a serenade written by John Barnett) have the comic tone she was renowned for. The uncomplimentary poems of Musselburgh citizens are among those that remain lost. References 1798 births 1859 deaths Writers from Edinburgh Scottish women poets Scottish satirists 19th-century Scottish poets 19th-century British women writers Women satirists Burials at Mount Royal Cemetery 19th-century Canadian women musicians
Atabek Azisbekov (born 6 November 1995) is a Kyrgyz Greco-Roman wrestler. He is two time Asian Championships silver medalist He represented Kyrgyzstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's Greco-Roman 87 kg weight class. He competed in the 87kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. Major results References External links 1995 births Living people Kyrgyzstani male sport wrestlers Asian Wrestling Championships medalists Olympic wrestlers for Kyrgyzstan Wrestlers at the 2020 Summer Olympics Competitors at the 2013 Summer Universiade 21st-century Kyrgyzstani people
Jed is an unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. Jed is located on West Virginia Route 103, south-southeast of Welch. References Unincorporated communities in McDowell County, West Virginia Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Sandwich pickle may refer to: Branston Pickle, a United Kingdom brand of jarred pickled relish Piccalilli, a pickle of chopped vegetables and hot spices Mixed pickle, various pickled fruits and vegetables Pickled cucumber, sliced lengthwise and layered into a sandwich
Paul Robert Ernst von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (born 14 November 1875 in Berlin; died 10 May 1935) was a German Jewish banker and art collector. The persecution of his family under the Nazis has resulted in numerous lawsuits for restitution. Life Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy was the eldest son of the banker Ernst von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1846–1909) and Marie, née Warschauer (1855–1906), a granddaughter of Alexander Mendelssohn. After a few months at Balliol College in Oxford, studying law in Bonn and Berlin, and joining the Society of Friends in 1901, he became a partner in the family bank Mendelssohn & Co. in early 1902. A few months later, he married Charlotte Reichenheim. The couple remained childless. After the divorce, he married Elsa Lucy Emmy Lolo von Lavergne-Péguilhen (born 8 January 1899 in Strasbourg; died 11 March 1986). Art collection Together with his first wife, Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy built a collection of the finest quality paintings by Pablo Picasso (Boy with Horse and Le Moulin de La Galette) in the Stadtpalais Alsenstrasse 3 / 3a (architect: Bruno Paul) and in Schloss Börnicke (rebuilt by the same architect), Vincent van Gogh ("Sunflowers", "Mutter Roulin im Profil, mit ihren Bab"y, "St. Paul's Krankenhaus", "Junges Mädschen mit Kornblume" and "Trunk of an old yellow tree"). They also owned artworks by Claude Monet, Edouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Georges Braque as well as by Henri Rousseau, Dégas, Cézanne, Derain, and Toulouse-Lautrec. Nazi persecution When the Nazis rose to power in 1933, von Mendelssohn-Bartholdly was persecuted because of his Jewish origin. Nazi laws designed to ostracize, bankrupt and plunder the Jews were applied to the Mendelssohn-Bartholdy family. Much controversy surrounds the circumstances under which Mendelssohn-Bartholdy and his heirs relinquished the artworks in his collection, under the Third Reich's racial laws, which forced family members into exile and the destruction via Aryanisation of their bank Mendelssohn & Co. A series of lawsuits demanding the restitution of the Mendelssohn-Bartholdy artworks was initiated in 2008 by the heirs of Mendelssohn, with Julius H. Schoeps as their spokesman. The artworks claimed included: Picasso's Boy leading a horse, settlement reached between the heirs and the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Picasso's Le Moulin de la Galette, settlement reached between the heirs and the Guggenheim Museum Picasso's Portrait of Angel Fernández de Soto, settlement reached between heirs and Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation. Picasso's Head of a Woman, restituted to the heirs by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, Picasso's Madame Soler: The Bavarian State Painting Collections bought the painting from Justin Thannhauser in 1964. restitution refused by Bavaria. There was also a question concerning the Picasso's Boy with a Pipe which Mendelssohn-Bartoldy's widow had sold to Walter Feilchenfeldt, Zürich, who sold it to Mr. and Mrs. John Hay Whitney in 1950. External links Schoeps v. Museum of Modern Art, 594 F. Supp. 2d 461 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) Julius H. SCHOEPS, v. The ANDREW LLOYD WEBBER ART FOUNDATION Schoeps v Free State of Bavaria Literature Hans-Günther Klein: Miszellen zu Ernst und Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. In: Mendelssohn-Studien. Band 11, 1999, S. 207–215. Thomas Lackmann: Das Glück der Mendelssohns – Geschichte einer deutschen Familie. Aufbau, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-351-02600-5. Julius H. Schoeps: Enteignet durch die Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Der Fall Mendelssohn-Bartholdy: Eine Dokumentation. Philo, Bodenheim 1997 (Publikation des Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum für europäisch-jüdische Studien; Universität Potsdam) ISBN 3825700453, ISBN 9783825700454. Homepage zur Gesellschaft der Freunde References 1935 deaths 1875 births Businesspeople from Berlin 20th-century German businesspeople 19th-century German businesspeople German bankers Jewish art collectors Jewish bankers Nazi-looted art Jews and Judaism in Germany
is a video game composer and pianist. She composed music for Sega games, and was best known for her work on the Panzer Dragoon series. Works References External links Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century Japanese pianists Japanese composers Japanese women composers Japanese pianists Japanese women pianists Living people Musicians from Yokohama Sega people Video game composers 21st-century Japanese women musicians 21st-century women pianists
84882 Table Mountain, provisional designation , is a bright background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 1 February 2003, by American astronomer James Whitney Young at the Table Mountain Observatory near Wrightwood, California. The S/Q-type asteroid was later named after the discovering observatory. Orbit and classification Table Mountain is a non-family from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–3.4 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,562 days; semi-major axis of 2.64 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.29 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first observed as at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site in October 1997, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 6 years prior to its official discovery observation at Table Mountain. Naming This minor planet was named for the Table Mountain Observatory, the discoverer's workplace, currently a NASA facility operated by the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which began operation as a Smithsonian Institution site in 1924 to study the solar constant. In the late 1950s, the site was used to test the first solar panels and is now dedicated to optical astronomy and to study Earth's atmosphere. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 October 2004 (). Physical characteristics In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Table Mountain has been characterized as both S-type and Q-type asteroid. Diameter and albedo According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Table Mountain measures 3.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo between 0.28 and 0.31. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Table Mountain has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown. References External links Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (80001)-(85000) – Minor Planet Center 084882 Discoveries by James Whitney Young Named minor planets 20030201
Beaulieu Road railway station is located at the point where the South West Main Line from London Waterloo to Weymouth crosses the B3056 road from Beaulieu to Lyndhurst in Hampshire, England. It is down the line from Waterloo. Beaulieu Road is the least-used station in Hampshire, according to the official passenger statistics. History Opened by the Southampton and Dorchester Railway (S&DR) on 1 June 1847, as it was the closest point to nearby Beaulieu and Hythe from the main line. The station was closed by the London and South Western Railway (which had absorbed the S&DR in 1848) on 1 March 1860, and reopened on 1 November 1895. It was destaffed in the early 1960s. Services In 1981 (a timetable typical of the 1980s) the station was served by an hourly stopping service from London to Bournemouth on Mondays to Saturdays. At that time, in contrast to today, the station had no service on Sundays. Nowadays the station is served by London Waterloo to Poole stopping services operated by South Western Railway. As of the December 2007 timetable, on Mondays to Fridays trains call only during the morning peak and late afternoon. From May 2008, a late morning service has also been added in each direction. In 2013 there were down trains, towards Poole, every two or three hours on Monday to Friday, the last being 20:44, but only three up trains (08:08, 11:38 and 18:38). On Saturdays there were five up and six down services. On Sundays, however, there was a better service, with trains to and from Poole calling hourly throughout the day. The May 2016 timetable is essentially the same as that of 2013, though an extra weekday London-bound departure has been added at 13:38. As of summer 2021 there is an hourly service on Sundays, two-hourly service on Saturdays, and approximately two-hourly Monday to Friday though with a gap in up services in the mid-afternoon between 13:37 and 17:38. Even on Sundays, however, services to and from Brockenhurst are much more frequent than those to Beaulieu Road. The New Forest Tour summer open top bus service stops adjacent to Beaulieu Road. Notes References Beaulieu Road - Least Used Station in Hampshire, 2017 film by Geoff Marshall about the station. Railway stations in Hampshire DfT Category F2 stations Former London and South Western Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1860 Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1895 Railway stations served by South Western Railway 1847 establishments in England
The 2003 Atlantic 10 Conference Baseball Championship was held at Dodd Stadium in Norwich, CT from May 15 through 17 (preliminaries) and at Pitt Field in Richmond, VA on May 22 and 24 (championship series). It featured the top two regular-season finishers of each six-team division, plus the next two best finishers. Top-seeded Richmond defeated Massachusetts in the title game to win the tournament for the first time, earning the Atlantic 10's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA tournament. Seeding and format The league's top six teams, based on winning percentage in the 24-game regular season schedule, qualified for the field. The top two teams in each division qualified for the tournament automatically; the two division winners, Massachusetts in the East and Richmond in the West, received the top two seeds and byes through to the second round of the double elimination tournament. The tournament was different from most double-elimination formats in that after the two finalists were decided, losses were erased, and a best-of-three series was played at a new site the following weekend to decide the champion. Bracket All-Tournament Team The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team. Richmond's Vito Chairavalloti, one of six Spiders selected, was named Most Outstanding Player. Richmond's David Reaver and Tim Stauffer, who had both been selected in 2002, were named for the second time. References Tournament Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament 21st century in Richmond, Virginia College baseball tournaments in Connecticut College baseball tournaments in Virginia Sports in Norwich, Connecticut Baseball competitions in Richmond, Virginia
Porky's Preview is a Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Tex Avery. The short was released on April 19, 1941, and stars Porky Pig. Plot Porky Pig has arranged the screening of a film in a film theater for an audience of barnyard animals. The public goes to the ticket booth. A chicken buys tickets for herself and her three "children" (eggs). A kangaroo tears the tickets (and even the hand that holds it) and throws them in his pouch. A firefly usher leads the audience with his hindquarters as a bright lamp. A skunk has a "scent" (pun on smelling it, and 1 cent of a dollar) and cannot enter, so he goes through the back door. On stage Porky presents the film he made himself. The accompanying music is a version of the flickering that usually introduced cartoons of Looney Tunes. The film turns out to be a series of small sketches of primitive characters drawn with stick figures, minimalist, with settings that seem to have been penciled by a child. After the film, Porky is surprised to see the theatre in shambles. The only audience remaining is the skunk (whose presence drove away everyone else). The skunk enthusiastically applauds Porky's film. Analysis The basic premise of the film is that a 7-year-old Porky has created a "homemade" animated cartoon, and demonstrates it to an audience willing to pay an admission fee. The artistic skills of the child are minimal, so the film within a film is depicted in a very simple style. Effectively serving as a parody of its art form. All fictional characters within it are drawn as stick figures, while the animation style is reminiscent of a flip book. For this film within a film, Tex Avery uses a series of blackout gags. Carl Stalling accompanies each joke with a tune already familiar to the audience. Among them are La Cucaracha (first mentioned c. 1819), "Aloha ʻOe" (1878), "The Old Gray Mare" (written between 1875 and 1895), "Frat" (1910, a frequent Warner cartoon staple) and "September in the Rain" (from a 1937 Warner film and sung by an Al Jolson imitator). Stalling also parodies the typical music score of shorts produced by Warner Bros. Cartoons. The credits of the film within a film make use of The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down (1937), but the familiar tune is simplified, giving the impression that it is played by an amateur. A number of notes are repeated, in the style of a broken record which repeats over and over. The film includes some references to war. When a skunk approaches the box office, the lady working there wears a gas mask to endure its scent. The self-portrait of Porky is marked as draft No. . Reception The Film Daily called the short a "fair cartoon", saying, "Some of the characterizations are amusing... Rate it as just fair." Television Edits The "September In The Rain" clip has been removed from Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, and a few VHS prints in the United States due to its racist content. References External links Porky's Preview (Colorized) on the Internet Archive 1941 films 1941 animated films 1940s American animated films 1940s animated short films Looney Tunes shorts Films directed by Tex Avery Films set in a movie theatre Porky Pig films Films scored by Carl Stalling American black-and-white films
Czmoń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kórnik, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Kórnik and south of the regional capital Poznań. References Villages in Poznań County
The Pan-African pellet compass is a sociopolitical and militaristic device called "the next necessary development of Pan-Africanism" by Ghana leader Kwame Nkrumah, who first introduced the concept in 1968 in his Handbook for Revolutionary Warfare. Following his claim that war is "logical and inevitable" the pellet compass was intended to determine the maximum resistance offered by revolutionary nations seeking to become incorporated into the macroeconomic totality of the Pan-African movement. The name derives from the unique militaristic procedure proposed by Nkrumah based on the covert operations possible with air guns and airborne pellets. The idea was later espoused in several other publications by Nkrumah, especially in the later chapters of Revolutionary Path but also in works such as The Struggle Continues and I Speak of Freedom Jomo Kenyatta took up the call for the pellet compass in his last publication, The challenge of Uhuru Other notable speakers such as Muammar Gaddafi took up the call in the 1970s and 1980s, with polemic inspiring those who had endured suffering to incorporate the compass into their work. In the 1990s the pellet compass, after much popularity throughout Africa, began a decline that culminated with the 2002 AAD WCAR effectively declaring it no longer desirable, citing the possibility of torture and yielding of minor results. References Nkrumah, Kwame. Handbook for Revolutionary Warfare, 1968. Notes Pan-Africanism in Ghana
Bryle is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Koczała, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Koczała, north-west of Człuchów, and south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. References Bryle
Hamish Fulton (born 1946) is an English walking artist. Since 1972 he has only made works based on the experience of walks. He translates his walks into a variety of media, including photography, illustrations, and wall texts. His work is contained in major museums collections, such as the Tate Britain and MoMA. Since 1994 he has been creating group walks for the public. Fulton argues that 'walking is an artform in its own right' and argues for wider acknowledgement of walking art. Biography He first attended the art foundation course at Hammersmith College of Art. With help from a tutor (David Hall) he was accepted straight into the advanced course at Saint Martin's School of Art, London, 1966–68, and the following year studied at the Royal College of Art, London. He started creating walks while at Saint Martin's, including a group walk in 1967 from the front of the school out into the countryside. Fulton follows a leave no trace ethic, and does not collect materials on his walks for display in galleries. Instead, his work combines text-based descriptions with a photograph, illustration, or, more recently, vinyl wall texts, to communicate his walks to viewers in a gallery. Fulton has stated that walking is an experience not an art medium, and that what he builds is an experience, not a sculpture. More recently, Fulton has referred to his walks as 'invisible objects' and has discussed his group walks as artworks that are created and observed by the participants. Fulton has emphasised the political aspects of his work, particularly in concern to the situation in Tibet and the degradation of the environment. In 1994, Fulton experimented with the creation of group walks while working side-by-side with Marina Abramović at CCA Kitakyushu. He has created a variety of group walks since, including Slowalk (in Support of Ai Weiwei) (2011) in the Turbine Hall at the Tate Modern to bring attention to the restrictions on artist Ai Weiwei's freedom of travel and artistic production. In 2002 he worked with artist Christine Quoiraud on a series of group walks in France.:59 Since working with Quoiraud, Fulton has adopted her style of equi-spaced walking during his group walks. In 2010, Deveron Projects commissioned Fulton to create 21 Days in the Cairngorms, which included two group walks in Huntly, Scotland.:55 :3 This project continued Fulton's engagement with the Cairngorms, where he previously created a number of walking works, and resulted in the book Mountain Time, Human Time (2010). Zeiske, the director of Deveron Projects, cites Fulton as the inspiration for the establishment of The Walking Institute, which has continued to develop artistic projects based in walking.:3 Solo exhibitions Hamish Fulton - A Decision to Choose Only Walking (2016) Galerie Tschudi - Zuoz, Zuoz, Switzerland Hamish Fulton: Wells of Dee (2015) Galleri Riis, Stockholm, Sweden Walking Transformation (2014) Villa Merkel, Esslingen Am Neckar, Germany Publications Hamish Fulton (2010) Mountain Time, Human Time. Charta: Milano. Fulton, H. (2012) Walking in Relation to Everything. Ikon Gallery: Birmingham. Hamish Fulton (2000) Magpie: Two River Walks. Lethbridge: Southern Alberta Art Gallery. Hamish Fulton. (2000b) Wild Life: a Walk in the Cairngorms. Edinburgh: Pocketbooks. Camp Fire. Stedelijk Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven. 1985. References External links Artist Website Maureen Paley Website Galerie van der Mieden Website Wall installation at John Weber Gallery Examples of the 'fulton' Visual poetry form Footage from the artist's participatory performance piece at Tate Modern. 1 May 2011 Photographers from London Walking artists 1946 births Living people Alumni of the Royal College of Art British conceptual artists Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art English contemporary artists
The US Chamber Institute for Legal Reform (ILR), founded in 1998, is a separately incorporated affiliate of the United States Chamber of Commerce. The organization advocates for civil justice reform, commonly referred to as tort reform. The president of the organization is Harold H. Kim, and the group's website says it is the "country's most influential and successful advocate for civil justice reform, both in the U.S. and abroad." Stances on issues ILR advocates for a number of state and federal policy positions related to civil justice reform. These include policies to provide more transparency in the asbestos bankruptcy trust system, class-action lawsuit reform, spotlighting third-party litigation funding and lawsuit lending, reforms to the False Claims Act and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, among others. State Liability Rankings Study Every few years, ILR releases the results of a Harris Poll survey that ranks the 50 states, from best to worst, on their individual legal climates. ILR calls this the "Lawsuit Climate: Ranking the States" report." The survey focuses on perceptions of the state liability system by asking respondents to grade the following elements:" Overall treatment of tort and contract litigation Having and enforcing meaningful venue requirements Treatment of class action suits and mass consolidation suits Damages Timeliness of summary judgment or dismissal Discovery Scientific and technical evidence Judges' impartiality Judges' competence Juries' fairness The 2019 Lawsuit Climate Survey: Ranking the States is the 12th time The Harris Poll has conducted the survey since 2002 for the U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform. The final results are based on interviews with a national sample of 1,307 in-house general counsel, senior litigators or attorneys, and other senior executives who are knowledgeable about litigation matters at public and private companies with annual revenue of at least $100 million., or 50th." Faces of Lawsuit Abuse campaign Since 2007, ILR also has run a public education campaign it calls, "Faces of Lawsuit Abuse." This campaign features videos of small businesses, communities and families who have been sued, as well as videos and a regularly updated online poll that allows people to vote for the "Most Ridiculous Lawsuits." At the end of each year, ILR releases the Top Ten Most Ridiculous Lawsuits of the year, which features the year's ten most popular stories based on polling data. Criticisms Critics of ILR and other tort reform organizations argue that the organizations limit the access of ordinary citizens to be compensated for harms done to them by corporations through faulty products and/or harmful services. Critics argue that such interest groups do not promote judicial efficiency, legal ethics, or any other public purpose, but merely protect corporations from the consequences of their misdeeds. Critics further argue in order to pursue their agenda, the ILR has created several newspapers around the country that present readers with biased, anti-victim accounts of cases and pro-“tort reform” commentary. These entities include: Northern California Record, Florida Record, Louisiana Record, and SE Texas Record among others. References External links Organizational Profile – National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute) "The asbestos bonanza". Washington Times. 9-Jan-2017. "2016's 10 most frivolous lawsuits, according to U.S. Chamber". Seattle Pi. "ILR study focuses on double-dipping in Virginia asbestos cases." Legal News Line. 15-Dec-2016. Business organizations based in the United States Legal organizations based in the United States Organizations established in 1998 1998 establishments in the United States Law reform in the United States
Greg Lovelady (born January 11, 1979) is an American baseball coach. Lovelady played college baseball at Miami (FL), where as a catcher and four-year letter winner, he won the 1999 College World Series and 2001 College World Series. He signed as an undrafted free agent with the Florida Marlins organization, and played one season with the Utica Blue Sox before turning to coaching. He served three more years at Miami, working with catchers. In his seven years in Coral Gables, the Hurricanes reached five College World Series, winning two, and appeared in the Super Regional round all seven years. In 2005, Lovelady accepted an assistant coach position at Wright State. Two years later, he added associate head coach duties. With Rob Cooper's move to Penn State, Lovelady was elevated to the top job. Head coaching record Below is a table of Lovelady's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach. See also List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches References External links 1979 births Living people Baseball catchers UCF Knights baseball coaches Miami Hurricanes baseball coaches Miami Hurricanes baseball players Utica Blue Sox players Wright State Raiders baseball coaches Baseball players from Miami Sports coaches from Miami
Yvonne Katrina Swett (née Lantos; born October 8, 1955) is the President of the Lantos Foundation. She is also an American educator and the former chair of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom from 2012 to 2013, and then in 2014 to 2015. She ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic candidate for Congress in New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district during the 2002 United States midterm elections. Early life, education and career Swett is a first-generation American. Her father, the congressman Tom Lantos (D-CA), a survivor of the Holocaust, and her mother, Annette Tillemann Lantos, came to the United States from Hungary after World War II. Katrina Swett has a sister, Annette. She skipped high school, entered college at 14, and transferred to Yale where her older sister Annette was a student. She earned a degree in political science there in 1974 at 18, and her Juris Doctor in 1976 from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. At 21, she joined the staff of then U.S. Senator Joe Biden's Senate Judiciary Committee. In 2006, she earned her Ph.D. in history with a focus on Human Rights and United States Foreign Policy from the University of Southern Denmark. She is the wife of Ambassador and former Congressman Richard Swett, vice president of Swett Associates, Inc., a consulting firm. Swett met Richard Swett at Yale, where she became a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, largely through her interactions with Jeffrey R. Holland. Katrina and Richard married in 1980. The couple have seven children and live in Bow, New Hampshire. Awards In 2009, Swett was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary for her efforts in setting up the Tom Lantos Institute in Budapest, continuing her late father's work for the benefit of ethnic minorities there. In 2016, in the company of at least 100 other recipients of Hungarian state awards, Swett returned the Knight's Cross in protest of the Hungarian government's commendation of Zsolt Bayer, a writer, publisher, public speaker, and member of the Fidesz party for his rhetoric, what she considers antisemitic, anti-Muslim, and antiziganist. In 2016, the International Center for Law and Religion Studies and J. Reuben Clark Law School of Brigham Young University presented Swett the International Religious Liberty Award in recognition of her outstanding contributions to the promotion and preservation of religious freedom. Political career Swett ran two of her father's campaigns for Congress. She was a Congressional staffer, first as a legislative assistant and then as Deputy Counsel to the Criminal Justice Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee. She co-hosted a political talk show, Beyond Politics on WMUR-TV Channel 9 with former Assistant Secretary of State Elizabeth Tamposi. She ran in 2002 against Republican incumbent U.S. Representative Charles Bass and received less than 41% of vote, losing by 16%. Swett was national co-chair of Joe Lieberman's 2004 presidential race. She accused General Wesley Clark of apostasy on the AUMF in the Iraq War of 2003, and for having linked Al-Qaeda with Iraq. In 2006, she supported Lieberman's successful 2006 re-election campaign as an Independent against Democrat Ned Lamont and Republican nominee Alan Schlesinger. 2002 U.S. House of Representatives campaign She ran for Congress in 2002, unsuccessfully attempting to recapture the seat previously held by her husband. General Wesley Clark endorsed her; he had known the Swetts when he was SACEUR and they lived in Denmark. She received financial support from her parents, Nancy Pelosi, John and Lisa Pritzker, a San Francisco Supervisor and her husband, Warren Hellman, Herbert Sandler and Marion Sandler, Steven Spielberg, Kate Capshaw, David Geffen, and other Californians. 2008 U.S. Senate campaign On January 18, 2007, Katrina Swett announced her candidacy for the U.S. Senate in the 2008 elections in New Hampshire, in hopes of being the Democratic nominee to unseat incumbent Republican John E. Sununu. She began fundraising for the 2008 Senate campaign. After former Governor and 2002 nominee Jeanne Shaheen announced her candidacy, Swett withdrew and endorsed Shaheen, who later won the election. 2010 U.S. House of Representatives campaign On January 14, 2010, Katrina Swett announced her candidacy for the Democratic Primary for Congress in New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district in the 2010 elections. Her more left-leaning opponent, Ann McLane Kuster, won the primary election, but Kuster lost in the general election to her Republican opponent, Charles Bass. Ann Kuster won the general election in the 2012 U.S. House of Representatives campaign. References External links Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org Leadership Promoting Human Rights Worldwide - Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice 1955 births Living people Latter Day Saints from New Hampshire Converts to Mormonism from Judaism Yale University alumni University of California College of the Law, San Francisco alumni American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent New Hampshire Democrats Candidates in the 2008 United States elections Candidates in the 2010 United States elections 21st-century American politicians Candidates in the 2002 United States elections Tufts University faculty Employees of the United States Senate People from Bow, New Hampshire
The Center for Quantum Spintronics (QuSpin) is a research center at the Department of Physics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). In 2017, the Research Council of Norway designated QuSpin as a Center of Excellence (SFF) for the period 2017–2027. Spintronics, or spin electronics, is a field in condensed matter physics, a study of the physical effects associated with quantum mechanical spin. Electrons do not only have charge. They also have a spin, an apparent inner rotation, as if the electrons spin around their own axis. Spintronics has already contributed to a revolution in data storage, and was, among other things, the basis for Apple's music player iPod. The researchers at QuSpin aim to describe and develop new ways of controlling electrical signals. This may contribute to a major development in energy efficient information and communication technology. The results of their research have already attracted interest internationally, and have been discussed and published in several scientific journals, e.g. Nature and Science. In electronics, the electrical charge of electrons is used to store and process information. Electric currents generate a lot of heat, which is emitted to the surroundings. This is an increasing challenge, and limits how small and efficient electronic devices can be. QuSpin works to find new ways of controlling and utilizing electrons' intrinsic spin. The goal is to control the spin, and other quantum mechanical variables, using new combinations of nanoscale materials. Their research includes studies of quantum mechanical transport properties for superconducting, magnetic and topological materials. QuSpin has research activity in both theoretical and experimental physics. By the end of 2018, the center had a team of more than 60 members, of which 11 were professors and associate professors; three researchers; seven postdocs and 26 Ph.D. students. The center management consists (as of 2020) of four primary investigators: Professor Arne Brataas (QuSpin's director); Professor Jacob Linder; Professor Asle Sudbø and Professor Justin W. Wells. References External links Research in Norway Norwegian University of Science and Technology Spintronics
In church architecture, a porticus (Latin for "portico") is usually a small room in a church. Commonly, porticuses form extensions to the north and south sides of a church, giving the building a cruciform plan. They may function as chapels, rudimentary transepts or burial-places. For example, Anglo-Saxon kings of Kent were buried in the south porticus at St Augustine's Abbey, with the exception of Eadberht II, who was buried in a similar location in St Mary's Church, Reculver. This feature of church design originated in the late Roman period and continued to appear in those built on the European continent and, in Anglo-Saxon England, until the 8th century. Notes References Citations Bibliography Archaeological terminology Architectural elements Rooms
Jahn Teigen (born Jan Teigen; 27 September 1949 – 24 February 2020) was a Norwegian singer, musician and comedian. He represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest three times, in 1978, 1982 and 1983, From October 2006 until his death in February 2020, he resided in Sweden. Biography Popol Vuh Jahn Teigen was born in Tønsberg. He started his career in the late 1960s when he released a few singles and one album with Enemies. However, his commercial breakthrough did not come until the early 1970s as the lead singer of the 6-member rock band Popol Vuh. They released three successful albums, the first self-titled in 1973. Their most popular album was released in 1976, called Stolen From Time, but this time under their new name Popol Ace, to avoid confusion with the German rock band with the same name that also was popular in the 1970s. Popol Vuh is actually a Maya Indian word in the Quiché language, meaning book of the community. Popol Vuh/Popol Ace was actually a refinement of the even-older 8-member group Arman Sumpe Dur Express. During 1971 and the first half of 1972, Arman Sumpe D.E. was on a long-lasting concert tour throughout Norway playing more than 140 concerts. Jahn performed at one of Europe's two largest music festivals, the Roskilde Festival, in 1972, becoming one of the major attractions as part of Popol Vuh (credited as Arman Sumpe). He had previously performed in Roskilde at the Fjordvilla Club in 1968 with the band Red Squares. Prima Vera Jahn Teigen was a member of the Norwegian humour trio Prima Vera, with Herodes Falsk and Tom Mathisen, who released seven albums between 1977 and 1984. Most of their repertoire consists of popular hits with the most ridiculous lyrics. (This struck a chord with the Norwegian audience, since, at the time, to ensure airplay, English-language songs often were re-recorded with Norwegian lyrics.) Their breakthrough album, 1978s Brakara, went to number 1 in the charts and sold more than 100,000 copies, and includes Teigen's spirited mock-Russian rendition of Mil Etter Mil, Zagra Znja Zagra. This 30-second version is the only available recording of the original arrangement; whether in English or Norwegian, Jahn Teigen's serious recordings of the song feature more electric guitar. The serious version was also a huge hit, making Teigen one of the few performers ever to have success with both a serious version and a parody of the same song simultaneously. Prima Vera had a number of hits, including such classics as Så lykkelig i Sverige ('So happy in Sweden', a version of The Turtles' Happy Together), Det er Norge som er bra and De gærne har det godt. Teigen decided to leave Prima Vera in 1984, and did not speak with his former bandmates for 15 years, until they reconciled in 1999 at the funeral of their mutual friend Marius Müller. Prima Vera then had a brief reunion in the early 2000s. Eurovision Song Contest In 1978 in Paris Jahn Teigen made his first appearance on the Eurovision stage, performing the song Mil etter mil (Mile after mile), which became famous for not receiving a single point from any of the participating nations. This was the first occurrence of zero points with the new, and current, voting system of the Eurovision Song Contest. Despite the obvious lack of international recognition, the song gained a huge audience back in Norway where his countrymen embraced it. The single dominated the national singles chart for more than four months, being among the 10 most-bought singles for no less than 19 consecutive weeks, for five of those also topping the chart for the nation's most popular international hit. After 30 years in the nation's spotlight, this remains his most successful hit. Teigen's runner-up single was called Jeg gi'kke opp, meaning I don't give up, and his first album release the same year was just as self-ironic: This Year's Loser. Jahn Teigen returned to the Eurovision stage in 1982 in Harrogate, United Kingdom, where he sang Adieu in duet with Anita Skorgan (to whom he was married 1984-1988 and with whom he has a daughter) ending up at 12th place. In 1983, in Munich, Germany, he went solo again, with Anita Skorgan and three other women as backing vocalists, with the melody Do re mi, composed together with Anita Skorgan, which gave him his best position, a respectable 9th place. Teigen took part in the Norwegian national Eurovision final, called the Melodi Grand Prix, a record fourteen times between 1974 and 2005 with a total of 16 songs. Besides winning the Melodi Grand Prix four times, Teigen also finished as the runner-up on four occasions. In addition to this, Teigen was the host of Melodi Grand Prix and provided the interval act of the Melodi Grand Prix on a number of occasions. He also acted as commentator for Norwegian television in 1991 in Rome, together with John Andreassen. Melodi Grand Prix participations Extensive recording material Teigen has released 17 albums as a soloist as of 1 January 2006. Six of these were best of collections, the last two being Jahn Teigens beste in 1994 and Fra null til gull (From nul till gold or From zero to hero as Teigen stated he would call an English release) in 2004, celebrating his 35+ years as popular artist. His most successful albums to date were En dags pause (One day's break) released in 1979, Mentalkrem (Mental cream) in 1980 and Klovn uten scene (Clown without stage) in 1988. Stage work In 1992 he took the part of the Executioner in the London run of the heavily-panned Norwegian opera-musical Which Witch. Honours Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav (2011) Memorable hits Voodoo (remembered mostly for his skeleton costume on stage in the Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest 1976) Mil etter mil (1978) Min første kjærlighet (1978) Adieu (1982) Glasnost (1988) Det vakreste som fins (1988) Optimist (1989) Gi meg fri (1992) Discography Popol Vuh Albums Popol Vuh (1973) Quiche Maya (1974) Popol Ace Album Stolen From Time (1976) Curly Sounds (1978) Note; Asa Krogtoft is the singer on this album, Jahn had left the group to go solo and work with Prima Vera. Collection (best of) albums Popol Ace (1975) Cat of 9 Tales (1994) All We Have (2003) A box set with all their studio albums remastered on CD + one CD only available in this box called Popoloddities with demos, rarities and live recordings. Five songs were taken from a reunion concert (with Jahn back) at Rebekka West in Oslo in 1994. DVD Silently Loud (2004) two DVD set with one DVD containing a reunion concert at Rockefeller in Oslo in 2003 with KORK and one containing material from the archives of NRK (Norsk rikskringkasting) from the 1970s. Jahn Teigen Singles Mil etter mil (1978) Jeg gi'kke opp (1978) Har du lyst på litt mer (1979) Ja (1980) Bli bra igjen (1982) Do re mi (1983) Glasnost (1988) Slå ring (1988) Optimist (1989) I skyggen av en drøm (1990) Gi meg fri (1992) Ensom natt (1993) Albums Teigens tivoli (1977) This Year's Loser (1978) En dags pause (1979) Mentalkrem (1980) Klar dag/Instamatik (1982) Klovn uten scene (1988) Esilio paradiso (1992) Rondo (1993) Lys (1996) Magnet (2000) Utkledd som meg selv (2003) Collection albums 67-76 (1976) All We Have Is The Past (1980) Hopp 78–83 (1983) Jahn Teigen (1989) Jahn Teigens beste: Litt av historien (1994) Hele historien (4 cd box 1994) Fra null til gull (2004) rerecordings of his old hits, done live in the studio. EMI Gull (2005) 40 største hits (2009) DVD Jahn Teigen fra Tønsberg (2011) DVD/CD from his hugely successful retrospective stage show which ran for 2 years 2009-2011 in Tønsberg and Oslo. Prima Vera Albums Prima Vera (1977) Brakara (1978) Salmer og sanger vi gjerne hiver (1979) Den 5te (1981) Fisle Narrepanne i Tyrol (1981) (1982) Her kommer Olavs menn (1983) The Prima Vera Show (1999) Collection albums The best of EBBA (1980) Absolute Prima Vera (1994) Jahn Teigen & Herodes Falsk Album "Teigen synger Falsk" (1975) Jahn Teigen & Anita Skorgan Single Adieu (1982) Friendly (1983) Albums Cheek To Cheek (1983) References External links Jahn Teigen performing his song 'Glasnost' in the Eurovision Song Contest 1988 Official fan club Entire history on national charts Norwegian male singers Norwegian songwriters Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Norway Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1978 Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1982 Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1983 Melodi Grand Prix contestants 1949 births 2020 deaths Musicians from Tønsberg Norwegian expatriates in Sweden Melodi Grand Prix winners Spellemannprisen winners Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
A dignitary tort is type of intentional tort where the cause of action is being subjected to certain kinds of indignities. Historically, this category of torts was often covered by the writ of trespass vi et armis. Historically, the primary dignitary torts were battery, assault, and false imprisonment, as each claimed harm to a person's human dignity. A cause of action could be brought for battery, for example, even if no injury was done to the plaintiff, so long as the contact would be offensive to a reasonable person. Under modern jurisprudence the category of dignitary torts is more closely associated with secondary dignitary torts, most notably defamation (slander and libel), false light, intentional infliction of emotional distress, invasion of privacy, and alienation of affections. In some jurisdictions, the phrase is limited to those torts which do not require physical injury or threat of physical injury, limiting the class to only those secondary incidents. The only non-intentional act classified as a dignitary tort is negligent infliction of emotional distress, although this is also sometimes classified as simply another form of negligence. References Footnotes Bibliography Tort law
Elizabeth Marie Pope (1917–1992) was an American author and educator specializing in Elizabethan England and the works of John Milton and William Shakespeare. She received the Newbery Honor. Family and childhood Elizabeth Marie Pope was born on May 1, 1917 in Washington, D.C., to Christopher Herman Pope, a banker, and Florence Anna Thompson Pope. She had two younger siblings, Wilmot T. Pope and Mary Frances Pope. Education and college teaching Elizabeth Pope received her B.A. from Bryn Mawr College in 1940. She completed graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University, where in 1944 she was awarded a Ph.D. That fall she accepted a teaching position at Mills College in Oakland, CA. She served as assistant professor until 1955, when she was promoted to associate professor. In 1962 she became professor of English and was soon Head of the Department of English. She taught English at Mills for thirty-eight years before retiring on June 30, 1982. Classroom teaching Elaine B. Johnson, in her book Contextual Teaching and Learning, fondly describes her memories of studying Shakespeare and Milton with Dr. Pope (pages 50–51). Johnson recalls a teacher who was courteous, humorous, compassionate, lively, and excellent at drawing connections between her students' lives and the moral lessons of Shakespeare and Milton. Johnson also includes the comment that Dr. Pope was "weighed down by a heavy brace on one leg" and was white-haired, indicating that she took courses from Dr. Pope toward the end of her tenure as professor. For Johnson, Dr. Pope was not only an engaging lecturer, but facilitated class discussion with open-ended questions and interest in her students' comments. Interest in mythology For many years Elizabeth Pope taught a course on Basic Myths. In response to an invitation to speak at the annual Mills College Alumnae Association meeting in 1958, Elizabeth Pope elaborated the topic of "Mythology and the Modern Mind." The fact is that on the mythological level modern man has actually achieved what he is only beginning to dream of on the political level – – a real coming together of races and nations. Perhaps we should not make too much of this phenomenon – – but there is no need to underestimate it either. In the past hundred years, the resources of our imaginative life have been enormously broadened, deepened, strengthened, and enriched; it is a great achievement, and one of which the modern mind may legitimately be proud. Pope proceeded to discuss four distinct approaches to origins of mythology. The first is the "historical-archaeological" approach, that myth "is a distorted and fantastic version of something that actually happened." The second approach is "psychological", presenting "in symbolic form the unconscious desires and loathings which lie buried deepest in the most hidden recesses of the psyche." Third is the "anthropological theory," emphasizing "phases of the agricultural year and the important stages of human development (birth, coming-of-age, marriage, death) "marked by elaborate ceremonials and rites by means of which the whole community participates in the occasion," and where a ceremony may linger on "even when the participants no longer understand exactly what it means." Fourth is "analytic study", viewed as more scientific. These scholars "break the story down into its component parts and classify them according to type — or... 'motif.'" Pope concluded with a probing question: "we have always known that the modern mind is capable of scientific study: is it also capable of the sort of creative imagination that produced myths in the first place?" Other activities She held memberships in the American Association of University Professors, the Renaissance Society, the Mediaeval Society of America, and the Society for Creative Anachronism. Books Her Newbery Honor-winning novel for young adults, The Perilous Gard, is an imaginative retelling of the ballad of Tam Lin set in the latter days of Queen Mary I of England and the early days of Queen Elizabeth I, featuring a strong, independent, clever young heroine, Kate. It also sympathetically discusses remnants of ancient pagan Britain driven into hiding by the coming of Christianity. Many of its themes will be familiar from the Arthurian legends, which are referred to at the opening of the novel. Bibliography Novels The Sherwood Ring, 1958 The Perilous Gard, 1974 Non-fiction Paradise Regained: The Tradition and the Poem, 1947 References External links 1917 births 1992 deaths American academics of English literature American children's writers Mills College faculty Newbery Honor winners 20th-century American non-fiction writers
The Ogonis are a people in the Rivers South East senatorial district of Rivers State, in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria. They number just over 2 million and live in a homeland which they also refer to as Ogoniland. They share common oil-related environmental problems with the Ijaw people of the Niger Delta. The Ogoni rose to international attention after a massive public protest campaign against Shell Oil, led by the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), which is also a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO). Geography The territory is located in Rivers State near the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, east of the city of Port Harcourt. It extends across three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Khana, Gokana and Tai. Ogoniland is divided into the Five kingdoms: Babbe, Gokana, Ken-Khana, Nyo-Khana and Tai. Nyo-Khana is on the East while Ken-Khana is on the west. Languages There are multiple languages spoken by the Ogoni. The largest is Khana, which mutually intelligible with the dialects of the other kingdoms, Gokana, Tae (Tẹẹ), and Baen Ogoi part of the linguistic diversity of the Niger Delta. History According to oral tradition, the Ogoni people migrated from ancient Ghana down to the Atlantic coast eventually making their way over to the eastern Niger Delta and getting absorbed into the already existing Igbo and Ijaw population. The name, Ogoni originated from the Ibani/Ijaw word- Igoni, which means strangers. Linguistic calculations ns eoples on the Guinea coast, the Ogoni have an internal political structure subject to community-by-community arrangement, including appointment of chiefs and community development bodies, some recognized by the government and others not. They survived the period of the slave trade in relative isolation and did not lose any of their members to enslavement. After Nigeria was colonized by the British in 1885, British soldiers arrived in Ogoni by 1901. Major resistance to their presence continued through 1914. The Ogoni were integrated into a succession of economic systems at a pace that was extremely rapid and exacted a great toll from them. At the turn of the twentieth century, “the world to them did not extend beyond the next three or four villages,” but that soon changed. Ken Saro-Wiwa, the late president of MOSOP, described the transition this way: “if you then think that within the space of seventy years they were struck by the combined forces of modernity, colonialism, the money economy, indigenous colonialism and then the Nigerian Civil War, and that they had to adjust to these forces without adequate preparation or direction, you will appreciate the bafflement of the Ogoni people and the subsequent confusion engendered in the society.” Nationalism Human rights violations The Ogoni people have been victims of human rights violations for many years. In 1956, four years before Nigerian Independence, Royal Dutch/Shell, in collaboration with the British government, found a commercially viable oil field on the Niger Delta and began oil production in 1958. In a 15-year period from 1976 to 1991 there were reportedly 2,976 oil spills of about 2.1 million barrels of oil in Ogoniland, accounting for about 40% of the total oil spills of the Royal Dutch/Shell company worldwide. In 1990, under the leadership of activist and environmentalist Ken Saro-Wiwa, the Movement of the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) planned to take action against the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the oil companies. In October 1990, MOSOP presented The Ogoni Bill of Rights to the government. The Bill hoped to gain political and economic autonomy for the Ogoni people, leaving them in control of the natural resources of Ogoniland protecting against further land degradation. The movement lost steam in 1994 after Saro-Wiwa and several other MOSOP leaders were executed by the Nigerian government In 1993, following protests that were designed to stop contractors from laying a new pipeline for Shell, the Mobile Police raided the area to quell the unrest. In the chaos that followed, it has been alleged that 27 villages were raided, resulting in the death of 2,000 Ogoni people and displacement of 80,000. Environmental restoration In a 2011 assessment of over 200 locations in Ogoniland by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), they found that impacts of the 50 years of oil production in the region extended deeper than previously thought. Because of oil spills, oil flaring, and waste discharge, the alluvial soil of the Niger Delta is no longer viable for agriculture. Furthermore, in many areas that seemed to be unaffected, groundwater was found to have high levels of hydrocarbons or were contaminated with benzene, a carcinogen, at 900 levels above WHO guidelines. UNEP estimated that it could take up to 30 years to rehabilitate Ogoniland to its full potential and that the first five years of rehabilitation would require funding of about US$1 billion. In 2012, the Nigerian Minister of Petroleum Resources, Deizani Alison-Madueke, announced the establishment of the Hydrocarbon Pollution Restoration Project, which intends to follow the UNEP report suggestions of Ogoniland to prevent further degradation. A trial project in the region was able to achieve mangrove restoration in one of the significant waterways Bodo Creek which helped improve soil and water quality. Notable people Chief D.K.S Ebeh Nigerian politician, businessman, traditional ruler. Hon Timothy Naakuu Paul Birabi, A Nigerian Nationalist/Elder Statesman Ken Saro-Wiwa, environmental activist, writer, and television producer John Noble Barinyima, Enyimba and Super Eagles goalkeeper Joseph Yobo, former professional footballer, captain, and current assistant coach of the Super Eagles Pamela Lessi Peter-Vigboro, Miss Nigeria winner 2015 Minister Poi, gospel musician Kate “Ka3na” Jones, Big Brother Naija (season 5) housemate Magnus L. Kpakol, former Chief Economic Adviser to the President of Nigeria, former Project Coordinator NAPEP . Fred Kpakol, Former Commissioner, Rivers State Ministry of Finance and Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture respectively. Kenneth Kobani, Former Minister of State, Trade and Commerce, Nigeria and Secretary to Government of Rivers State Magnus Ngei Abe, Former Senator representing Rivers south-east senatorial district 2011-2019 and the March 18th 2023 Rivers State Gubernatorial Candidate under the SDP Victor Giadom , former National Chairman All Progressives Congress Dum Dekor, Member House of Representatives, National Assembly (Nigeria) Khana/Gokhana Constituency Notes References Brosnahan, L.F. 1967. A word list of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni. Journal of West African Languages, 143-52. Hyman, L.M. 1982. The representation of nasality in Gokana. In: The structure of phonological representations. ed. H. van der Hulst & Norval Smith. 111–130. Dordrecht: Foris. Hyman, L.M. 1983. Are there syllables in Gokana? In: Current issues in African linguistics, 2. Kaye et al. 171–179. Dordrecht: Foris. Ikoro, S.M. 1989. Segmental phonology and lexicon of Proto-Keggoid. University of Port Harcourt: M.A. thesis. Ikoro, S.M. 1996. The Kana language. Leiden: CNWS. Jeffreys, M.D.W. 1947. Ogoni Pottery. Man, 47: 81–83. Piagbo, B.S. 1981. A comparison of the sounds of English and Kana. B.A. project, University of Port Harcourt. Thomas, N.W. 1914. Specimens of languages from Southern Nigeria. London: Harrison & Sons. Vopnu, S.K. 1991. Phonological Processes and Syllable Structures in Gokana. M.A. Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, University of Port Harcourt. Vọbnu, S.K. 2001. Origin and languages of Ogoni people. Boori, KHALGA: Ogoni Languages and Bible Center. Williamson, K. 1985. How to become a Kwa language. In Linguistics and Philosophy. Essays in Honor of Ruben S. Wells. eds. A. Makkai and A. Melby. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 42. Benjamins, Amsterdam. Wolff, H. 1959. Niger Delta languages I: classification. Anthropological Linguistics, 1(8):32–35. Wolff, H. 1964. Synopsis of the Ogoni languages. Journal of African languages, 3:38–51. Zua, B.A. 1987. The noun phrase in Gokana. B.A. project, University of Port Harcourt. Ethnic groups in Nigeria Indigenous peoples of Rivers State
Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman (French: Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme) is a 1933 French comedy film directed by André Berthomieu and starring Annabella, Jean Murat and Edith Méra. It is based on the 1906 play of the same title by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. Berthomieu himself remade the film in 1950. Cast Annabella as Josette Jean Murat as André Ternay Edith Méra as Myrianne Jean Marconi as Valorbier Victor Garland as Joe Jackson Gaston Mauger as Dupré Blanche Denège as Madame Dupré Henri Trévoux as Le directeur Pierre Etchepare as Panard Jean Diéner as Dutilleul Arletty Jacques Pills Georges Tabet Paul Velsa as Prosper References Bibliography James L. Limbacher. Haven't I seen you somewhere before?: Remakes, sequels, and series in motion pictures and television, 1896-1978. Pierian Press, 1979. External links 1933 films French comedy films 1933 comedy films 1930s French-language films Films directed by André Berthomieu French films based on plays Remakes of French films Sound film remakes of silent films French black-and-white films 1930s French films
The Battle of the Barrier () was fought between British and Chinese forces at the boundary separating Macao from the Chinese mainland on 19August 1840 during the First Opium War. Located in modern-day Portas do Cerco, the Macao Peninsula was connected to Xiangshan Island by a narrow isthmus about wide and long. A wall called the Barrier was built across the isthmus in 1573, and it served as Macao's border. Background On 6 August 1840, Chinese soldiers kidnapped Reverend Vincent Stanton while he was swimming at Casilha Bay in Macao, causing an uproar in the British community. Battle On 18 August 1840, the steamer Enterprise, HMS Druid, and the transport ship Nazareth Shah, which had a detachment of Bengal Volunteers on board, arrived off Macao. The next morning, HMS Hyacinth and HMS Larne got underway towards the bay near the Barrier Gate. The Bengal Volunteers were embarked on board the Enterprise while nine boats filled with marines and seamen followed in the wake of the other ships. The Hyacinth and Larne, accompanied by the cutter Louisa and Enterprise, having seamen and marines of the Druid with Bengal Volunteers on board, attacked the barrier. These vessels stood in Fisherman's Bay, as close to the shore as the depth of water would allow. They opened fire on a 17-gun battery about away, which promptly returned fire. The cannonade lasted an hour, with over 600 shots fired. The Chinese garrison at the Barrier Gate and surrounding area had 2,000 troops. Yi Zhongfu, the intendant of Gaolian circuit in Guangdong, was stationed in Macao with his troops. They advanced north from Macao while reinforcements advanced south from Beishan, with both groups reinforcing the Chinese flanks in the middle. The Portuguese were officially neutral and took no action during the engagement. A British officer wrote: "The [Chinese] junks, which were aground in the inner harbour, were utterly useless, for none of their guns could be brought to bear, though several of the thirty-two pound shots of the ships found their way over the bank, much to the consternation of the occupants of the junks." In less than an hour, the batteries were silenced and the British forces were landed. It consisted of 110 marines under Lieutenant William Robert Maxwell, 90 seamen from the Druid under Lieutenant George Goldsmith, and 180 Bengal Volunteers, forming a 380-man brigade under Captain Mee of the latter corps. A field piece from the Druid was placed on the beach, raking the Chinese position. By 5:00 pm, the routing was complete, and the barracks and tents were set on fire. The British re-embarked late in the evening back to the Macao Roads, an anchorage east of Macao. Aftermath After negotiations, Stanton was released from Canton by order of Commissioner Qishan on 12 December 1840. The Chinese restored their defences a year later when they built the Latashi fort, one kilometre north of the Barrier Gate. The Portuguese captured the fort in August 1849. References Bibliography Bingham, John Elliot (1843). Narrative of the Expedition to China (2nd ed.). Volume 1. London: Henry Colburn. Bernard, William Dallas; Hall, William Hutcheon (1847). Nemesis in China (3rd ed.). London: Henry Colburn. Braga, J. P. (1944). The Portuguese in Hongkong and China . The Chinese Repository. Volume 9. 1840. Davis, John Francis (1841). Sketches of China. Volume 2. London: Charles Knight & Co. Fei, Chengkang (1996). Macao 400 Years. Translated by Wang Yintong and Sarah K. Schneewind. Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences. Garrett, Richard J. (2010). The Defences of Macau: Forts, Ships and Weapons Over 450 Years. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. . Hughes, Jeremiah (1841). Niles' National Register. Volume 59. Baltimore: Jeremiah Hughes. Ride, Lindsay (1963). "The Old Protestant Cemetery in Macao". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 3: 18. Urban, Sylvanus (1841). The Gentleman's Magazine. Volume 15. New Series. London: William Pickering. Further reading "Abduction of Mr. Vincent Stanton". The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 December 1840. 1840 in China 19th century in Macau August 1840 events Barrier the Barrier the Barrier Barrier Portuguese Macau
The Albany-class guided-missile cruisers were converted and heavy cruisers of the United States Navy. All original superstructure and weapons were removed and replaced under project SCB 172. The converted ships had new very high superstructures and relied heavily on aluminium to save weight. Class description The conversion was extensive, stripping the ships down to their hulls, removing all armament and the ship's superstructure. , an , was converted at Boston Naval Shipyard starting in January 1959 and recommissioned as CG-10 on November 3, 1962. , a , was converted at San Francisco Naval Shipyard starting in July 1959 and was recommissioned as CG-11 on May 2, 1964. was originally slated to be CG-12, but was converted instead. Columbus was converted at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard beginning in September 1959 and recommissioning as CG-12 on December 1, 1962. and were also proposed for conversion to CG-13 and CG-14, but those plans were dropped because of the high cost of the conversion and capabilities of newer guided-missile frigates. Weapons and systems The weapon systems carried included the Mk 77 missile fire-control system with four AN/SPG-49 fire-control radars and two Mk 12 twin launchers for their armament of 104 Talos long-range surface-to-air missiles, one forward and one aft. These cruisers also carried an armament of 84 shorter-ranged Tartar missiles launched from two Mk 11 twin launchers, one to the port of and one to the starboard of the cruiser's main superstructure. The Tartar missiles were controlled by the Mk 74 missile fire-control system with four AN/SPG-51 fire-control radars. Some space was allocated on these cruisers amidships abaft the after stack for the possible installation of eight Polaris missiles, but the concept to add these ballistic missiles was dropped in mid-1959. For anti-submarine warfare (ASW), one eight-cell Mk 112 "matchbox" ASROC missile launcher was installed amidships on each of these cruisers, located between their two stacks. Also for ASW purposes, two triple Mk 32 torpedo tubes for the Mk 46 ASW torpedo were installed. These cruisers were initially converted into all-missile warships with no naval guns, but later on, two open-mount Mk 24 38 calibre guns were added to the port side and the starboard side, near their aft exhaust stacks. In the late 1960s Chicago and Albany underwent major engineering overhauls under SCB 002 and both the missile systems (Talos and Tartar) had new digital fire control system upgrades to handle the increasing threat from Soviet Navy anti-ship cruise missiles and aircraft, although Chicago did not receive all of the changes that Albany received. Columbus did not receive these missile system upgrades due to lack of funding, and would be decommissioned in 1976. The Talos system was deactivated on the Albany class (leaving them with the Tartar as the only SAM system operational) and all other ships in the fleet that carried it during 1976. In late 1979 the two surviving ships (Chicago and Albany) were scheduled for massive overhauls. SM-1 (MR) missiles (which were to replace the Tartar system), as well as two Phalanx CIWS and two four-cell Harpoon missile launchers were planned to be installed, as well as a major refitting of the ships' machinery, structure, and electronics. The funding appropriated for this work was diverted, however, to other ships and both cruisers were finally decommissioned in 1980. Service history All three ships served extensively through the 1960s and 1970s with Chicago being a long time flagship for the Third Fleet in the Pacific, and Albany serving likewise as the Second Fleet flagship in the Western Atlantic and as the Sixth Fleet flagship in the Mediterranean. Columbus did not receive the extensive Talos fire-control upgrades and extensive refits that the other two ships received in the late 1960s, though she did receive engineering overhauls to allow her to remain active until she was decommissioned early in 1976, and then immediately sold for scrap. Albany and Chicago remained in service until 1980, and while funding for massive overhauls for both was appropriated for 1979, the funds were diverted to other projects, and both ships were laid up in the summer of 1980. Both were retained in the reserve fleet and received minimal preservation until 1990 when they were both sold for scrap. Ships in class Gallery See also List of cruisers of the United States Navy References Notes Sources External links RIM-24 Tartar Surface-to-Air Missile RIM-8 Talos Surface-to-Air Missile ASROC Anti-Submarine Rocket Cruiser classes
Pokrovskaya () is a rural locality (a village) in Beketovskoye Rural Settlement, Vozhegodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 39 as of 2002. Geography Pokrovskaya is located 77 km southwest of Vozhega (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kuritsino is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Vozhegodsky District
The Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park is a part of the state park system of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). This park "recalls the role of canals in transporting raw materials and manufactured goods between emerging industrial centers." The Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park at Uxbridge, Massachusetts, is the midpoint of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor of the National Park System. The Blackstone River and Valley is where the industrial revolution was born in America. The southern entrance to this state park is the site of the historic Stanley Woolen Mill, currently being redeveloped for commercial and tourism. The Native American Nipmuc name for the village here was "Wacentug", translated as "bend in the river". History The Blackstone Canal Transportation of goods from the upper Blackstone Valley was a growing concern by 1818. Teamsters drove huge wagons of textile goods to Woonsocket and to Worcester. John Brown, a Providence Merchant, envisioned the Blackstone Canal from the late 18th century. The Erie Canal was built in Upstate New York, just prior to the construction of the Blackstone Canal. The need for inland transportation from Worcester to Providence finally gave way to an inland waterway, the Blackstone Canal (1828). The canal connected Worcester to Providence, the closest port. One theory holds that rival industrialists may have prompted the building of the canal to "restrict water rights" for competitors (water powered mills). The canal was built by imported Irish laborers, who worked on the Erie Canal and settled here. It was completed in 1828. The canal was a simple ditch alongside the Blackstone River with a dirt tow path for boats to be pulled by horses. A granite lock stands at Goat Hill, and Uxbridge was the overnight stopping point. The canal connected inland Worcester mills on the Blackstone and Providence where thousands of tons of textiles could be exported all over the world. But, by 1832, the Boston and Worcester Railroad began to carry freight to Boston and the role for the canal diminished. Similar canals were built in the first half of the 19th century including others that have become National Historic Corridors, such as the Illinois and Michigan Canal in northeast Illinois. In 1847, the Providence and Worcester Railroad opened and completely replaced the canal for transportation. The transformation of transportation from horse drawn teams (origin of the word "teamsters"), to canal barges, to railroads was complete. Features There are interpretive services at the park. There are trails that recreate the trails that the Nipmuc, the Native American people of central Massachusetts, used. The River Bend Farm Visitor Center provides a convenient gateway to canoeing, fishing, trails, and snowmobiling or cross-country skiing access. National Park Service rangers explain the local history at the River Bend Farm Visitors Center. Nearby Goat Hill provides scenic views and views of remnants of the canal locks and towpaths which can be found here. The nearby Lookout Rock also provides scenic views of the valley and the winding Blackstone River. Nearby attractions and features of the park The area includes Rice City and Goat Hill. There is an abundance of wildlife available for viewing. The state park works closely in conjunction with the nearby National Park Service. The Blackstone River Bikeway, now under construction, and the Blackstone Canal towpath, are both slated to be component parts or segments of the East Coast Greenway. Outdoor activities are also available at the nearby West Hill Dam and Park. See also Uxbridge, Massachusetts Blackstone Valley West Hill Dam Stanley Woolen Mill Photos References External links Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park Department of Conservation and Recreation Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park Map Department of Conservation and Recreation John H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor National Park Service Historic American Buildings Survey Library of Congress Stone Arch Bridge across Blackstone Canal Asgreev Photos Highway of Commerce: The Blackstone Canal Worcester Historical Museum State parks of Massachusetts Massachusetts natural resources Uxbridge, Massachusetts History of transportation in the United States Parks in Worcester County, Massachusetts
, commonly known as Taisho, is a Japanese multinational pharmaceutical company based in Tokyo. History Taisho was established in 1912 as Taisho Seiyakusho to produce over-the-counter drugs. In 1928 the company changed its name to Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and in 1955 moved into prescription drug R&D. It introduced its over-the-counter medications like cough suppressant in 1927, pain reliever in 1967 and an antiulcer agent in 1984. In 2019 Taisho bought French pharmaceutical manufacturer UPSA from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Products The company's principal line of business is over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, where it markets the brands Lipovitan-D, Pabron, Colac, Contac, Tempra, UPSA, Vicks and Kampo In prescription pharmaceuticals, the company's most successful product to date has been the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin. The company's branded version of the drug, Clarith, was launched in Japan in 1991. For clarithromycin distribution outside Japan Taisho licensed clarithromycin to Abbott Laboratories. Ownership Taisho Pharmaceutical's stock is traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the principal owners of the firm are the Uehara family name. Sponsorships Taisho has sponsored the Japan national rugby union team since 2001. The company was also an Official Sponsor of the Rugby World Cup 2019, which took place in Japan. References External links Pharmaceutical companies of Japan Pharmaceutical companies based in Tokyo Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Pharmaceutical companies established in 1912 Japanese companies established in 1912 Japanese brands Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
The School of Medicine in Split (, ) is a medical school in Split, Croatia. It is part of the University of Split. The School of Medicine in Split is affiliated with the University Hospital Split, its major teaching hospital, as well as several other community sites. The school's mission is to link education, research and clinical care. Faculty of the School hold appointments in basic sciences in the Basic Science Building, located in Križine neighbourhood of Split, Croatia. The faculty also hold appointments in clinical departments located in multiple affiliated hospitals and institutions. The current Dean of the School is Professor Ante Tonkić, MD, PhD. History In 1974 Zagreb University School of Medicine founded Study of Medicine in Split, which enabled medical students enrolled in Zagreb to complete their last two clinical years in Split. In 1979 the first entrance exam was held at Study of Medicine in Split and enabled medical students to complete their entire medical education in Split. At the time medical studies in Croatia lasted 5 years, which was changed in 1990/1991 academic year, when medical curriculum was extended to 6 years. The difficulties stemming from the organizational scheme of work of Zagreb University School of Medicine and its branch in Split, and particularly complex political and geographical relations were reasons for transformation of medical studies in Split in a separate institution. In 1997 independent School of Medicine in Split was founded as a part of University of Split. There were 54 students in the first generation of medical students at School of Medicine in Split. From that time, when Medicine was the only study program, the School grew into versatile biomedical educational center that provides multiple study programs. Study programs The School of Medicine offers four undergraduate study programs: Medicine, Dental Medicine and Pharmacy (in collaboration with the School of Chemical Engineering) as well as Medical Studies in English. The three aforementioned programs are conducted in Croatian. Medical studies in English (MD program) began in 2011/2012 academic year with 21 students from all over Europe, who started their first study year on October 3, 2011. Students enrolled in the English MD program of the University of Split School of Medicine are eligible for the US (USMLE) and Canadian (MCC) medical licensing exams. Students attending the program are mainly from countries in eastern Europe and Scandinavia as well as Germany. The program has been gradually expanded, and per school year of 2016/17 enroll up to 60 students. 25 of these are reserved for students attending an exchange program between USSM and Regiomed Kliniken in Germany. Application numbers have recent years increased significantly as the program has gained reputation. The School offers three doctoral programs Biology of Neoplasms (BN), Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and Translational Research in Biomedicine (TRIBE). In 2009/2010 academic year the School has offered specialized one-year postgraduate program in Clinical Epidemiology. Research activities Majority of the research activities in the School are focused on clinical and life sciences. There is also some research in the field of social and behavioral sciences. Strategic research fields In the Strategy of development of School of Medicine in Split 2009-2014, core research activities were identified, based on the ongoing research activities: cardiovascular science, oncology, public health, forensic science and neuroscience. Scientometrics Before Research Office was founded in the School, scientometric indicators were measured and published by individual scientists interested in the subject. In 2009, Research Office was founded, and now this office creates annual scientometric report for the School. In these reports, a number of articles published in international journals that are indexed in Current Contents (CC) database is measured, because publishing in the CC database is a prerequisite to attain academic advancement in Croatia. The first CC article of an author affiliated with medical studies in Split was published in 1987. From then, the number of articles published by authors from Split in these databases has been steadily increasing. From 2000 to 2006, clinical and life scientists published 350 articles indexed in the CC. The number of articles rose from 30 in 2000 to 76 in 2006, and the average impact factor of journals where these articles were published increased from 2.03 in 2000 to 2.89 in 2006. Twenty percent of articles (72/350) were published in the Croatian Medical Journal. Number of articles published by the School's scientists in CC categories of clinical, life, social and behavioral sciences during year 2009 was 115. Student organizations Student Council Croatian Student Council (in Croatian: Hrvatski studentski zbor) is an umbrella organization representing all students in Croatia. It consists of 7 unions from all Croatian universities, and a representative for polytechnics and schools of professional higher education. Student Council of the School of Medicine in Split is a member of the Student Council of University of Split. Croatian Student Council is by law responsible for promotion of students' interests, monitoring the conduction of student regulations and representing students. At the School of Medicine in Split all students are by default members of the Student Council. Students of each study year elect their representative and a deputy, to represent their interests. The current president is Alen Juginović. CroMSIC Croatian Medical Students' International Committee (CroMSIC) is a student organization with local committees in all four Croatian medical schools. CroMSIC is the full member of International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA), which has more than million members and is the largest association of medical students in the world. CroMSIC has been a full member of the IFMSA since 1992, when it was founded by medical students from Rijeka and Zagreb. CroMSIC's Local Committee Split was founded on May 27, 2000, when the first meeting of the local association was held. Activities of CroMSIC are conducted through six committees dedicated to professional and research exchange of students, medical education, public health, reproductive health and AIDS, and human rights and peace. Foreign students coming to Split for a student exchange via CroMSIC will do their clinical or research practice at University Hospital Split or other teaching institutions affiliated with the School of Medicine in Split. Croatian Academic Union Croatian Academic Union (in Croatian: Hrvatska akademska zajednica - HAZ) is a student association that became active at the School of Medicine in Split in 2007. Members of the Union are students and graduates of Croatian universities. Activities of the association are devoted to student issues and educational, social and humanitarian aspects of student life. Croatian Academic Union of the University of Split has so far organized humanitarian football tournaments, humanitarian concerts, visits to other medical schools and various professional and research activities for students. ISA ISA-USSM was created in 2014 by Pierre Sanchis and Andrija Jukić. The goal of the association is to help integrate the Medical Studies in English Program into Split and live a balance life during their six year studies. In order to help realize this goal, the President and Vice President overlook four divisions of ISA-USSM of which these divisions are further supervised by “Directors”. The divisions are as follows: Events, Activities, International Affairs and Communications, and finally, University Affairs. ISA-USSM also helps incoming potential students about the application process to the best of their abilities. The current President and Vice President are Mikey Lem and Jeremy Moore respectively. The School Day The day when independent School of Medicine in Split was founded, March 26, is celebrated as The School Day. Every year on School Day various sports and cultural activities are organized, and awards given to creditable individuals. Magazine Magazine of the School of Medicine in Split has been published twice a year since 2007. Contributors to the Magazine are students, employees and associates of the School. The Magazine is edited by a five-member editorial board. The goal of the Magazine is to report about various teaching, professional and research activities in the School and its affiliated institutions. Each issue of the Magazine is printed in 500 copies. Paper copies of the Magazine are distributed free of charge in the School Library. The Magazine may also be read online on the School web site. Governance The School management consists of a Dean, Vice Deans and Advisors to the Dean. Vice Deans and Advisors preside over specific administrative tasks. Members of the current management are: Dean Professor Ante Tonkić, MD, PhD Vice Dean for Education and Student Affairs Professor Renata Pecotić, MD, PhD Vice Dean for Science Professor Katarina Vukojević, MD, PhD Vice Dean for Finance Professor Ante Punda, MD, PhD Vice Dean for Programme "Dental Medicine" Professor Ivan Galić, MD, PhD Vice Dean for Programme "Pharmacy" Professor Darko Modun, MD, PhD Vice Dean for Programme "Medical Studies in English" Associate Professor Joško Božić, MD, PhD Deans 2020 - : Professor Ante Tonkić, MD, PhD 2015 - 2020: Professor Zoran Đogaš, MD, PhD 2013 - 2015: Professor Dragan Ljutić, MD, PHD 2011 - 2013: Professor Dragan Ljutić, MD, PHD 2009 - 2011: Professor Matko Marušić, MD, PhD 2005 - 2009: Professor Stipan Janković, MD, PhD 2005 - 2007: Professor Stipan Janković, MD, PhD 2003 - 2005: Professor Mladen Boban, MD, PhD 2001 - 2003: Professor Mladen Boban, MD, PhD 1999 - 2001: Professor Zvonko Rumboldt, MD, PhD 1997 - 1999: Professor Zvonko Rumboldt, MD, PhD References External links Kraljević Lj, Boschi S, Sapunar D. A Contribution to the History of Health Services in Split. Croat Med J. 1993;34(2):153-162. Educational institutions established in 1997 University of Split Medical schools in Croatia Organizations based in Split, Croatia 1997 establishments in Croatia
Mary Frances Scott-Siddons (1844 – 8 November 1896), frequently referred to as Mrs. Scott-Siddons, was a British actor and dramatic reader. Her paternal great-grandmother was Sarah Siddons. After a struggle, Scott-Siddons secured an engagement and made her professional debut at Nottingham, in 1866 as Portia in The Merchant of Venice. She was well received there and in Edinburgh, and in the following year, attained a great success as a Shakespearean reader in London, where in 1868 she played the part of Rosalind in As You Like It at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, and afterward appeared as Juliet, drawing immense audiences. Her beauty and grace of person contributed more to her success than her histrionic talent, and though a spirited and thoroughly natural actress, she lacked the technical training and necessary vigor. In her readings she was more successful. She played in New York City in 1868, and was not well received, nor were her subsequent appearances in London successful. In 1872, she starred in the United States and Australia with mediocre success. It was as a dramatic reader that Scott-Siddons achieved her greatest fame. Her work was characterized by vast intelligence and clearness of interpretation. Her utterance was rapid, and in a clear, musical voice of great flexibility of expression. In scenes, she made little attempt to differentiate characters by vocal changes; she gestured little. Early years and education Mary Frances Siddons was born in Bengal, India in 1844. Her father was Capt. William Young Siddons, of the 65th Bengal Light Infantry. Her mother, Susan Mary Earle, was a daughter of Col. Earle, of the British army. Her paternal great-grandmother was Sarah Siddons. Upon the death of her father, her mother returned to England with her children, settling in Somersetshire, from whence she proceeded to Germany, her two daughters being educated in Bonn. It was here that she made her stage-debut in a German comedy, when she distinguished herself by her elocutionary ability. At the age of eleven years, she astonished her teachers and friends by her striking performance of a part in a French play, Esther. She became fascinated with the stage and was constantly acting in French and German plays, playing the most difficult roles in the dramas of Schiller, Racine, Molière and Corneille. Her performance of the young Mortimer in Friedrich Schiller's Mary Stuart exhibited so much ability as to induce one of the principals of her school to consult with Charles Kean as to the desirability of educating her for the stage. He, however, advised on account of her extreme youth that this be deferred for a few years. History and career In 1862, at Hythe, Kent, at the age of eighteen, she married Thomas Scott-Chanter, son of Thomas Barnard Chanter and Isabella Scott. Scott-Chanter had entered the Royal Navy in 1852; served as Assistant Paymaster in 1856 and Paymaster in 1864. At marriage, he took the surname of Scott-Siddons, owing to the objection of the groom's father to the use of the family name on the stage. In 1865, using the stage name Mary Frances Scott-Siddons, and, against the wishes of her family, she joined the company of the Theatre Royal, Nottingham. She made her debut as Portia in The Merchant of Venice alongside Walter Montgomery as Shylock and Madge Robertson as Nerissa. In 1866, she appeared as Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, in Edinburgh, Scotland. Also in 1866, in Nottingham, England, she played the role of Lady Macbeth. This seems to have been an error in judgment, for her physique was not suited to the part, nor had she the necessary stage training for the performance of so difficult a role. In January 1867, she appeared at the Concert room, Imperial Hotel, Cork, where she read selections from Shakespeare, Tennyson and Scott. On 1 April 1867, she made her first appearance in London in the Hanover Square Rooms, where she again read selections from Shakespeare and Tennyson. These proved so popular that she was early sought-after by theatrical managers. On 8 April, she played Rosalind in As you like it at the Theatre Royal Haymarket for the first of eight nights. Critics praised her highly. Her later performances included Juliet, and as Katherine in The Taming of the Shrew. Her husband retired from the Royal Navy in 1868. He accompanied her when she made her American debut as a reader at Newport, Rhode Island, during the summer of 1868. She first appeared in New York City as a reader from Shakespeare on October 26, 1868, at Steinway Hall. Her first American appearance as an actress was at the Boston Museum, and her metropolitan debut on the dramatic stage occurred November 30, 1868, at the New York Theatre, as Rosalind. Her theatrical debut in that city was made in the Fifth Avenue Theatre, where she played successfully in a long line of characters. But she was coldly received. During this engagement she appeared also in Romeo and Juliet, The Taming of the Shrew, and King René's Daughter. In the December Scott-Siddons continued an engagement at the New York Theatre in "As You Like It", "Romeo and Juliet", and "The School for Scandal". On her return to England her early appearances included one with gentlemen amateurs at the Theatre Royal, Exeter. Leaving Liverpool in September for America, she had an engagement at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in November 1869, including appearing as Beatrice in "Much Ado" and "As you like it". In July, 1870, she played Pauline in The Lady of Lyons at the Haymarket Theatre following with other impersonations before travelling to America. In September she starred in Tom Taylor's new drama "Twixt Axe and Crown" at the theatre attached to Wood's Museum, New York. On 28 October Scott-Siddons appeared as Juliet in "Romeo and Juliet" at the Music Hall, New Haven, Connecticut. In November 1871 at the opening of John and Michael Gunn's Gaiety Theatre, Dublin she delivered the prologue by John Francis Wall. On 4 May 1872, at the Queen's Theatre in London was the occasion, "in the first original piece in which she had ever acted," viz. Ordeal by Touch (Richard Lee); she played the part of Coralie. The piece was not a satisfactory success. Following the last-mentioned date, Scott-Siddons was engaged on a "starring" tour in the United States and Australia in 1872, but did not fare much better than on her first visit to the U.S. In July 1873 she gave a recital before Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyle at Grosvenor House. In September 1873 her starring role in "Romeo and Juliet" was not as well received as her Rosalind in "As you like it" both performed at the Theatre-Royal, Edinburgh. Scott-Siddons accompanied by "Seraphael" the well-known pianist Harry Walker arrived in New York in November 1873. Mrs. Scott-Siddons and her protege "Seraphael" (Master Harry Walker) performed at Fulton Hall, Lancaster City, Pennsylvania on Monday, December 7, 1874. "She was followed by "Seraphael," a fair-haired, blue-eyed, sunny-faced Scotch boy, dressed in splendid crimson velvet suit. Scott-Siddons and her husband returned to Liverpool, from a tour in the United States, in April 1875. She toured Australia and New Zealand in 1877. On 21 June 1879, she reappeared on the London stage at the Olympic Theatre for the benefit of George Coleman, and recited two lyrical pieces. In September 1881, she assumed in London the management of the Haymarket Theatre for a short season. The first production was Walter S. Raleigh's "Queen and Cardinal" In the next production "King Rene's Daughter" the character of Iolanthe, the blind girl, whose sight is restored during the action of the play, had been a favourite with Mrs Scott-Siddons both in America and in this country. By December she had taken the company to the Gaiety Theatre putting on "Romeo and Juliet' and "As you like it" Scott-Siddons gave a final recitation at St. George's Hall, Belfast prior to leaving for America. On 23 April 1888, she made her appearance as a reader at Steinway Hall, New York, accompanied by her adopted son, the child prodigy, Henry Waller, formerly known as "Seraphael". In 1889 she gave a recital in the Association Hall, Toronto. While Mrs. Scott-Siddons lived to act, her husband was devoted to alcohol. This caused their separation, and eventually his death in Australia in 1903. After 1891 she lived in semi-retirement. A DRAMATIC recital was given by Scott-Siddons before the Emperor and Empress at Berlin, including the sleep walking scene from - Macbeth," a sketch "Western Life in America," and other pieces. She died at Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France, on November 19, 1896, and was buried at Brookwood Cemetery, in Brookwood, Surrey, England. Reception Her 8 April 1867 performance as Rosalind was thus noticed in the Daily Telegraph (April 10, 1867):— Further, he Daily News (April 9, 1867) expressed the opinion that:— Also, Bell's Life in London, April 13, 1867, said:— A criticism of her November 30, 1868 performance as Rosalind at the New York Theater appeared in the New-York Tribune, December 1, 1868:— References Attribution 1844 births 1896 deaths 19th-century English actresses English stage actresses Actresses from West Bengal
The 2002 Tunbridge Wells Council election took place on 2 May 2002 to elect members of Tunbridge Wells Borough Council in Kent, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 2000. The Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council. Results The results saw the Conservatives increase their majority, while the Labour group leader lost his seat. By ward References 2002 English local elections 2002 2000s in Kent
Rural sports may refer to: List of rural sports and games Rural Sports, 1713 book by John Gay Rural Sports, 1801 book by William Barker Daniel
The 1993 Slick 50 500 was the 29th and penultimate stock car race of the 1993 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season, the 14th and final race of the 1993 NASCAR Winston West Series season, and the sixth iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, October 31, 1993, in Avondale, Arizona at Phoenix International Raceway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent low-banked tri-oval race track. The race took the scheduled 312 laps to complete. At race's end, Roush Racing driver Mark Martin would manage to dominate a majority of the race to take his 12th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fifth and final victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Robert Yates Racing driver Ernie Irvan and SABCO Racing driver Kyle Petty would finish second and third, respectively. Heading into the final race of the season, the 1993 Hooters 500, Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt was the heavy favorite to win the championship, only needing a 34th place or better to win the driver's championship. Background Phoenix International Raceway – also known as PIR – is a one-mile, low-banked tri-oval race track located in Avondale, Arizona. It is named after the nearby metropolitan area of Phoenix. The motorsport track opened in 1964 and currently hosts two NASCAR race weekends annually. PIR has also hosted the IndyCar Series, CART, USAC and the Rolex Sports Car Series. The raceway is currently owned and operated by International Speedway Corporation. The raceway was originally constructed with a 2.5 mi (4.0 km) road course that ran both inside and outside of the main tri-oval. In 1991 the track was reconfigured with the current 1.51 mi (2.43 km) interior layout. PIR has an estimated grandstand seating capacity of around 67,000. Lights were installed around the track in 2004 following the addition of a second annual NASCAR race weekend. Entry list (R) denotes rookie driver. Qualifying Qualifying was split into two rounds. The first round was held on Friday, October 29, at 6:00 PM EST. Each driver would have one lap to set a time. During the first round, the top 20 drivers in the round would be guaranteed a starting spot in the race. If a driver was not able to guarantee a spot in the first round, they had the option to scrub their time from the first round and try and run a faster lap time in a second round qualifying run, held on Saturday, October 30, at 3:00 PM EST. As with the first round, each driver would have one lap to set a time. For this specific race, positions 21-40 would be decided on time, and depending on who needed it, a select amount of positions were given to cars who had not otherwise qualified but were high enough in owner's points; which was one for cars in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series and two extra provisionals for the NASCAR Winston West Series. If needed, a past champion who did not qualify on either time or provisionals could use a champion's provisional, adding one more spot to the field. Bill Elliott, driving for Junior Johnson & Associates, would win the pole, setting a time of 27.803 and an average speed of in the first round. Six drivers would fail to qualify. Full qualifying results Race results Standings after the race Drivers' Championship standings Note: Only the first 10 positions are included for the driver standings. References 1993 NASCAR Winston Cup Series NASCAR races at Phoenix Raceway October 1993 sports events in the United States 1993 in sports in Arizona
Gaffarlar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Koçarlı, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 299 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in Koçarlı District
Gunnar Tallberg (December 23, 1881 – August 27, 1931) was a Finnish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Finnish boat Lucky Girl, which won the bronze medal in the 8 metre class. References External links profile 1881 births 1931 deaths Finnish male sailors (sport) Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre Olympic sailors for Finland Olympic bronze medalists for Finland Olympic medalists in sailing Swedish-speaking Finns Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing
This timeline of Yellowknife history summarises key events in the history of Yellowknife, a city in the Northwest Territories, Canada. 19th century 1823 – Fur trading post called 'Old Fort Providence' located near Yellowknife Bay is closed by the Hudson's Bay Company. 1897 – Klondike Gold Rush started. 1898 – A Klondike-bound prospector, E.A. Blakeney, made the first discovery of gold in the Yellowknife Bay area. The discovery was viewed as unimportant in those days because of the Klondike Gold Rush and because Great Slave Lake was too far away to attract attention. 20th century 1929 – In the late 1920s, aircraft were first used to explore Canada's Arctic regions. Yellowknife Bay is a fuel cache point for aerial exploration to the arctic coastline. 1930 – By the 1930s First Nations people had a settlement on a point of land on the east side of Yellowknife Bay, Dettah. 1933 – Two prospectors, Herb Dixon and Johnny Baker, canoe down the Yellowknife River from Great Bear Lake to survey for possible mineral deposits. They found gold samples at Quyta Lake, about up the Yellowknife River, and some additional samples at Homer Lake. 1934 – Johnny Baker discovers gold on the east side of Yellowknife Bay in 1934 at what becomes the Burwash Mine. 1935–36 – The Burwash Mine is developed—the regions first underground gold project. 1935 – The Geological Survey of Canada under Dr. Alfred Jolliffe is dispatched to map the Yellowknife Bay region. One of their crews uncover gold in more favourable geology on the west side of Yellowknife Bay and a small staking rush occurs which leads to the staking of the Con and Negus Mines. 1936–37 – Con Mine was the most impressive gold deposit and its development created the excitement that led to the first settlement of Yellowknife in 1936–1937. 1937 – First evidence of a settlement on what becomes Yellowknife's Old Town waterfront. Business that are open during 1937 include: Corona Inn, Yellowknife Supplies Ltd, Weaver & Devore, Mining Corporation warehouses, and the Wildcat Cafe. 1938 – Yellowknife is booming and construction around Old Town and Latham Island is quickly proceeding. Canadian Bank of Commerce opens the first Yellowknife bank in February 1938. Vic Ingraham build his first hotel in July. A newspaper called The Prospector also starts that summer. 1938 – The Con Mine entered production on September 5 with the pouring of its first gold brick. 1939 – Mildred Hall, Yellowknife's first schoolteacher arrived; Mildred Hall School was named after her. 1939–53 – Yellowknife (Administrative district) created. Yellowknife was controlled by the Northern Affairs department (now Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada) of the Government of Canada. A small council, partially elected and partially appointed, made decisions. 1940 – The population of Yellowknife quickly grew to 1,000 by 1940. 1942 – Five gold mines were in production in the Yellowknife region. 1943 – Gold production slows in Yellowknife as men and material like dynamite were needed for the war effort. 1944 – An exploration program at the Giant Mine property on the north end of town had suggested a sizable gold deposit in 1944. This new find resulted in a massive post-war staking rush to Yellowknife. A new period of financial excitement brings two new banks to Yellowknife: the Bank of Toronto and the Imperial Bank of Canada. 1945–46 – The Yellowknife townsite expanded from the Old Town waterfront, and the new townsite was established during 1945–1946. 1947 - in December, the Yellowknife Telephone Company commences service to the community. 1948 – Giant Mine begins gold production. 1949 – CFYK radio station starts broadcasting as a volunteer-run operation. 1950 – The Discovery Mine, with its own townsite, operated to the north-northeast of Yellowknife from 1950 to 1969. 1953 – By 1953, Yellowknife had grown so much that it was made a municipality, with its own council and town hall. The first mayor of Yellowknife is Jock McNiven. 1955 – Operation Bulldog III, a mock invasion from the north, is conducted around Yellowknife by the Canadian military to prepare for the possibility of Soviet forces doing it for real. 1958 – The Gold Range opened, one of the oldest and most colorful drinking establishments in the Northwest Territories was featured in Mordecai Richler's novel Solomon Gursky Was Here 1960 – Yellowknife Highway built. 1963 – Carrothers Commission established in April. Yellowknife Telephone Company acquired by Canadian National Telecommunications. 1967 – On September 18, Yellowknife officially became the capital of the Northwest Territories. This important new status sparked what has been coined as the third boom in Yellowknife. New sub-divisions were established to house an influx of government workers. 1967 – CFYK-TV first airs, broadcasting a monochrome signal of programs from videotapes flown in by CBC on a one-week delay. 1970 – Yellowknife hosts the 1st Arctic Winter Games. 1971 – Ecology North, a non-profit, grass-roots organization is formed out of public concern over arsenic contamination from Giant Mine. 1972 – The first edition of the Yellowknifer was published by Northern News Services. Mackenzie Media begins providing cable television service. 1973 - on January 5, CFYK-TV begins broadcasting in colour, with programs received by satellite including live broadcast programs such as news and sports. 1974 – The Explorer Hotel opens. 1978 – The Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre is opened. Prince Charles himself travels to Yellowknife to speak at the ceremony. 1978 – Malfunctioning nuclear-powered Soviet satellite Kosmos 954 breaks up upon descent, scattering radioactive debris across a large area centered around the city, putting Yellowknife in the world's media eye for several weeks. 1979 – CJCD starts broadcasting on the AM band 1240. 1980 – Folk on the Rocks is a local music festival that has been an annual occurrence since 1980, and features a wide variety of musical acts, and is not limited to only Folk. 1982 – Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road first built to service the Lupin Mine. 1984 – Northern Arts and Cultural Centre opened on May 3. 1984 – Yellowknife hosted the 8th Arctic Winter Games. 1984 – Up Here magazine, focusing on Northern life, begins publication in the city. 1985 – The polar bear hide on the table used by the territorial legislative assembly in its temporary chambers, valued at CAN$10,000–15,000, was stolen; it has never been recovered. 1986 – L'Aquilon established. 1989 – Above&Beyond first issue. 1990 – Yellowknife hosted the 11th Arctic Winter Games. 1990 – SSI Micro founded. 1991 – A new mining rush and fourth building boom for Yellowknife began with the discovery of diamonds north of the city. 1992 – Aboriginal Peoples Television Network launched. 1992 – On September 18, nine workers are killed by a bomb at Giant Mine planted by striking miner Roger Warren. It is the deadliest incident of labour-related violence in Canadian history. 1993 – The Northwest Territories marked a new era when council moved into a newly constructed legislature building on November 17. The new legislature was the first building built specifically for the Northwest Territories government since the government sat in Regina 72 years earlier. The legislature building was constructed to feature themes derived from the Inuit culture, which signaled that the government was sensitive to the ethnicity of the resident population. 1995 – Warren is convicted in the Giant Mine bombing. 1998 – Canada's first diamond mine, Ekati Mine, opens in October 1998 north of Yellowknife. 1999 – On April 1, its purview as capital of the Northwest Territories was reduced when the territory of Nunavut was split from the NWT. Jurisdiction for Nunavut was transferred to the new capital city of Iqaluit. 1999 – Yellowknife Transit founded. 2000 – Gordon Van Tighem elected in October; he was acclaimed in 2003 and again in 2006. The Yellowknife City Council consists of a mayor and eight councilors elected to three year terms. 2000 – The NWT Mining Heritage Society is established. 21st century 2003 – Economic growth in the Northwest Territories was 10.6% in 2003. 2004 – The last of the gold mines in Yellowknife closed, marking a turning point for Yellowknife's economy. 2004–05 – Visitors to the territory spent C$100.5 million. Tourism is the largest renewable industry in the NWT and Yellowknife is the main entry point for visitors. Many of these tourists are Japanese, and come to experience the northern climate and traditional lifestyle, as well as to see the northern lights. 2005 – As of the 2005 city survey, there were 19,429 people and 5,795 households in the city. The population density was 142.86 people/km² (369.85 people/sq. mi). 2006 – The 2006 Canadian Census found that 22.2% of residents identified as aboriginal. 2006 – Canadian Forces Northern Area was dissolved and replaced by Joint Task Force (North). CFNA HQ Yellowknife is the headquarters for Joint Task Force (North). 2007 – During the 2007 ice road season, several drivers were featured on the History Channel TV series Ice Road Truckers. 2007 – The Yellowknife Airport is the busiest airport in northern Canada, having 70,699 aircraft movements in 2007 and handling over 400,000 passenger and of cargo yearly. 2007 – The Greenstone Building downtown, completed on schedule and under budget two years before to consolidate 20 different federal agencies' offices into one place, is certified LEED Gold for its sustainability, the first building in the North so recognized. 2008 – Yellowknife hosted the 18th Arctic Winter Games. 2009 – Yellowknife Online was established and started publishing regularly. 2014 – Japanese tourist Atsumi Yoshikubo goes missing in late October after last being seen walking along the Ingraham Trail north of the city, attracting news coverage nationally and in her native country. After a week, massive searches of the bush by land and air are called off after the RCMP announce that she had apparently intended to kill herself. Her body is found the following summer by a hiker. See also List of years in Canada History of Northwest Territories capital cities Yellowknife Water Aerodrome References Timelines of cities in Canada
This is a list of words used in mainstream South African English but not usually found in other dialects of the English language. For internationally common English words of South African origin, see List of English words of Afrikaans origin. A-B aikhona (informal) meaning ''no'' or ''hell no'' Amasi fermented milk, sometimes called maas. bakkie a utility truck or pickup truck. Can also mean a small basin or other container. bergie (informal) refers to a particular subculture of vagrants in Cape Town (from Afrikaans berg (mountain), originally referring to vagrants who sheltered in the forests of Table Mountain). Increasingly used in other cities to mean a vagrant of any description. The term hobo is also used for homeless vagrants. bioscope, bio cinema; movie theatre (now dated) biltong cured meat, similar to jerky bladdy (informal) occasionally heard South African version of bloody (the predominantly heard form), from the Cape Coloured/Afrikaans blerrie, itself a corruption of the English word boerewors traditional sausage (from Afrikaans "farmer’s sausage"), usually made with a mixture of course-ground beef and pork and seasoned with spices such as coriander. Droëwors is boerewors with vinegar added as a preservative that has been cured similar to biltong. boy in addition to its normal meaning, an archaic and derogatory term for a male domestic servant of colour, for example, a gardener may be called a garden boy (not uncommon) braai a barbecue, to barbecue buck a rand, referring to the Springbok that is featured on the South African R1-coin (one rand coin). bundu, bundus a wilderness region, remote from cities (from Shona bundo, meaning grasslands) bunny chow loaf of bread filled with curry, speciality of Durban, particularly Indian South Africans also called a kota by black South Africans, on account of it commonly being sold in a quarter loaf of bread (see also spatlo). bokkie originally referring to a baby antelope. It refers to a nubile (often Afrikaner) white girl, and it can also be applied as a pet-name between lovers. C-E cafe when pronounced refers to a convenience store not a coffee shop (originally such stores sold coffee and other basic items) called a tea room by Durbanites. checkers A plastic carrier bag, named after the South African grocery chain ‘Checkers’. china (informal) a friend, abbreviated Cockney rhyming slang, "china plate", for "mate" e.g. "Howzit my China?" circle Used to refer to the shape but also used to refer to a traffic roundabout, given its circular shape Coloured refers to typically brown skinned South Africans of mixed European and Khoisan or black and/or Malay ancestry, a definition formally codified under apartheid. combi/kombi/coombi a mini-van, people-carrier, especially referring to the Volkswagen Type 2 and its descendants. Not usually used in the context of minibus taxis, which are referred to as taxis. cool drink, cold drink soft drink, fizzy drink (not necessarily chilled). Groovy was used to refer to canned soft drinks (after one of the first brands to introduce the container to South Africa) :may refer to a bribe, typically to a traffic cop creepy crawly Kreepy Krauly automated pool cleaner dagga (pronounced or more commonly, ) marijuana donga an erosion ditch of the type found in South African topography (from Zulu, wall) draadkar/draad-kar a toy car which is constructed out of throw-away steel wires. entjie a cigarette. erf (plural erfs, in English, erven/erve in Dutch/Afrikaans) a plot of land in an urban area (from Cape Dutch) F-J geyser a domestic hot water heater, particularly a storage hot water heater girl in addition to its normal meaning, archaic and derogatory term for a female domestic servant of colour. Superseded by "maid", and more recently "domestic worker" or "domestic". gogga (pronounced , the latter similar to the Afrikaans pronunciation) a creepy crawly or an insect gogo Zulu word meaning grandmother/grandma, also used as a general term of respect for women of appropriate age. Became part of the iconic slogan Yebo Gogo (Yes, Grandma) from the South African cellular service-provider Vodacom homeland under apartheid, typically referred to a self-governing "state" for black South Africans howzit (colloquial) hello, how are you, good morning (despite being a contracted of 'how is it going', howzit is almost exclusively a greeting, and seldom a question) imbizo A meeting or conference, similar to a legotla or indaba, formerly called a bosberaad (Afrikaans for bush meeting): often a retreat for senior government and political officials to discuss policy. is it? (colloquial) Is that so? An all purpose exclamative, can be used in any context where "really?", "uh-huh", etc. would be appropriate, e.g. "I'm feeling pretty tired." "Is it?". indaba a conference (from Zulu, "a matter for discussion") jam (informal) can also be referred to as having a good time, partying, drinking etc. e.g. "Let's jam soon" ja (colloquial) yes (from Afrikaans "yes"). Pronounced "ya". janee, ja-nee, ja/nee, ja nee (colloquial) meaning yes/agreed, in response to a question: "Ja no, that's fine." (From Afrikaans "ja nee", which is used in the same sense) jol (informal, pronounced ) another term more commonly used for partying and drinking. e.g. "It was a jol" or "I am jolling with you soon." Can also mean having a lighthearted fling or affair ("I'm jolling that cherrie"). just now idiomatically used to mean soon, later, in a short while, or a short time ago, but unlike the UK not immediately. K-L kaffir (derogatory/offensive, pronounced ) a black-skinned person (from Arabic kafir meaning non-believer) used as a racial slur kif (informal) indicating appreciation, like "cool" kip a nap Klaas Vakie the Sandman koki, koki pen (pronounced ) a fibre-tip pen or sharpie (from a defunct local brand name). koppie a small hill, (also Afrikaans for a cup/mug) koeksister a Dutch-derived sweet pastry dessert dipped in a syrup. Pastry is traditionally shaped in the form of a French braid. The name ''koeksister'' translates as ''Cake-sister'' lapa permanent, semi-open thatched structure used for entertaining lekker (informal, pronounced ) nice, pleasant, enjoyable (from Afrikaans "nice") lappie (informal) a small dishcloth used for cleaning, as opposed to a dishcloth or teatowel laaitie (informal) one's own child or younger brother, specifically refers to a young boy, or to refer to a young person as a lightweight or inexperienced in something particular location, kasi an apartheid-era urban area populated by Blacks, Cape Coloureds, or Indians. It was replaced by "township" in common usage amongst Whites but is still widely used by Blacks in the form of kasi M-N matric school-leaving certificate or the final year of high school or a student in the final year, short for matriculation mielie, mealie an ear of maize (from Afrikaans mielie) mieliemeel, mealie meal used for both cornmeal (maize meal) and the traditional porridge made from it similar to polenta, the latter also commonly known by the Afrikaans word pap, and is a traditional staple food of black South Africans. See pap Melktert/Milktart a Dutch custard-tart with a strong milk flavor, usually sprinkled with cinnamon on top. monkey's wedding a sunshower. Moola currency used by the now-defunct South African mobile-data service Mxit; money in general morgan a traditional unit of measurement of land area of Dutch origin, that is approximately equal to two acres. muti any sort of medicine but especially something unfamiliar (Zulu for traditional medicine) Mzansi another name for South Africa, from the Xhosa word for "South". naartjie a mandarin orange (from Indonesian via Afrikaans), a tangerine in Britain. Mandarin is used in Durban, rather than naartjie now now (colloquial) derived from the Afrikaans ''nou-nou'' (which can be used both in future- and immediate past-tense) idiomatically used to mean soon, but not immediately (sooner than just now in South Africa, but similar to just now in the United Kingdom) O-R outjie a person, similar to "bloke" (man) ousie Afrikaans for maid/housekeeper, usually applied only to female housekeepers of colour, but is far more derogatory than maid/mate and is often never used except to be derogatory. pap porridge-like dish made from maize meal (cornmeal) poppie (informal) a ditzy woman (derogatory term), from the Afrikaans word pop, meaning a doll potjie a cast iron dutch oven. robot besides the standard meaning, in South Africa this is also used for traffic lights. The etymology of the word derives from a description of early traffic lights as robot policemen, which then got truncated with time. rondavel round free-standing hut-like structure, usually with a thatched roof,. rusk a type of bread or pastry that was traditionally dried to extend its shelf life, and that is dipped in tea or coffee. S samp dried and roughly ground maize kernels, similar to American grits sarmie a sandwich samoosa a small triangular pastry of Indian origin. South African spelling and pronunciation of samosa. Sangoma a traditional African healer shame an exclamation denoting sympathy as in "shame, you poor thing, you must be cold". Also used to describe a ''cuteness factor''. sharp, shapp, shapp-shapp, pashasha, pashash General positive exclamation meaning "OK", "all's good", "no worries", or "goodbye". Often accompanied by a thumbs-up gesture. A similar, more recent term used in Cape Town is aweh. Also means intelligent (that laaitie is sharp). shebeen (also used in Ireland and Scotland) an illegal drinking establishment, nowadays meaning any legal, informal bar, especially in townships shongololo, songololo millipede (from Zulu and Xhosa, ukushonga, to roll up) skyfie segment of an orange or other citrus fruit snackwich a Jaffle-style toasted sandwich made in an electric toaster sosatie a kebab on a stick soutie derogatory term for an English-speaking South African, from the Afrikaans soutpiel (literally "salty penis"), which referred to British colonial settlers who had one foot in England, one foot in South Africa and, consequently, their manhood dangling in the Atlantic Ocean. spanspek a cantaloupe spaza an informal trading post/convenience store found in townships and remote areas standard besides other meanings, used to refer to a school grade higher than grades 1 and 2 (now defunct) State President head of state between 1961 and 1994 - the position is now the President of South Africa Stompie A discarded cigarette / cigarette butt-end. Also another name for a rumour that is generally made up and not reliable. T-Z tackies, takkies, tekkies sneakers, trainers tea room convenience store, used by Durbanites (see also cafe). thumb suck an estimate that is based on a pure guess and not based on any sort of analysis. tickey box, ticky-box, tiekieboks a payphone, derived from "tickey" coin (threepenny coin minted in 1892), as one had to insert a coin to make a call. Archaic, and superseded by public phone and payphone. town the Central Business District (CBD) of a town or city, used without the definite article ("let's go to town to buy clothes"). CBD tends to be used in more formal contexts. township residential area, historically reserved for black Africans, Coloureds or Indians under apartheid. Sometimes also used to describe impoverished formally designated residential areas largely populated by black Africans, established post-Apartheid. Formerly called a location. Also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, with no racial connotations. veld virgin bush, especially grassland or wide open rural spaces. Afrikaans for field. vetkoek Afrikaner deep fried dough bread See also List of South African slang words References South African English Languages of South Africa South African regionalisms South Africa English regionalisms
Brian McNamara is an American actor. His first major role was in the film The Flamingo Kid (1984). He then went on to appear in a few films, such as Short Circuit (1986), Caddyshack II (1988), Arachnophobia (1990) and Mystery Date (1991). He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for playing Dean Karny in the television film Billionaire Boys Club (1987). His most popular role was as Michael Holden in the television series Army Wives (2007–2013). Career Early in his career, McNamara played Todd Young in Caddyshack II (1988). He had roles in such feature films as Arachnophobia and Short Circuit. He guest-starred in such television series as NYPD Blue, The O.C., Seinfeld, St. Elsewhere, JAG, Ned & Stacey, Star Trek: Voyager, Mad About You, Matlock, Diagnosis: Murder, Ellen, Murder, She Wrote, Murphy Brown, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, CSI: Cyber, and Army Wives. He starred in the 2000 television movie A Diva's Christmas Carol. One of his earliest roles was as Greg, Alex Keaton's friend who is killed in a car accident in the 1987 Family Ties episode "A, My Name Is Alex" for which the writer won an Emmy Award. He had a lead role in the short-lived 1989 NBC sitcom The Nutt House. He also starred in the Disney sci-fi tele-movie Earth Star Voyager and had a lead role on the television series Manhattan, AZ in 2000. He had a starring role in the film The Legend of Tillamook's Gold. Most recently, he had a starring role as General Holden, husband of Claudia-Joy Holden (Kim Delaney), on the Lifetime series Army Wives (2007-2013). McNamara guest starred in 2009 Ghost Whisperer (s4e14) as Douglas Marks. He also appeared in the 2010 NCIS: Los Angeles episode "Little Angels" and was in the full motion video game Silent Steel in 1995. Filmography Video games References External links American male film actors American male television actors Living people 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors Place of birth missing (living people) 1960 births Actors from New York (state) People from Long Island
Class SZU Be 510 designates a multi system EMU of the Swiss railway Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn (SZU), procured for the Uetliberg railway. These EMUs could operate on the former 1200 V DC electrification of the Uetliberg line and can run on AC lines such as the Sihl Valley line and the Uetliberg line converted to AC in 2022. History The Be 510 EMUs were developed by Stadler Rail for the special requirements of SZU on the steep line to Uetliberg, at up to 7.9 % gradient. Sihltal line and Uetliberg line had different railway electrification system until 2022 but the two lines share the double track from Zurich Giesshübel through the underground Selnau station into the station under Bahnhofplatz, track 21 and 22 of Zurich main station. Whilst the Sihltal line uses the 15 kV AC system like all SBB lines, the Uetliberg line had a 1.2 kV DC overhead line which, looking uphill, is shifted to the right of track centre. Previous electric trains can run under one voltage only, AC trains collect power from the centre overhead, DC trains from the off centre contact line. The Be 510 trains were bought for the Uetliberg line, but to allow flexible operation and considering plans to convert the Uetliberg line to AC electrification, a multi system EMU was specified. With the pantograph in the centre standard 15 kV AC is drawn. The pantograph moved to the right allows collection of 1200 V DC, the unique supply up the Uetliberg line. These six EMUs were intended for the transition of the Uetliberg railway to AC overhead, a further five almost identical multi system EMUs were delivered in 2021 and 2022, the DC capability no longer being needed, but considered as a backdrop should the line’s AC conversion be delayed and safer then developing a new vehicle. A benefit of AC capability in the 2020s was that the new EMUs could be parked away from the DC depot, space there being scarce. Technical description Each set consists of three car bodies, the middle has two motored bogies. Both end cars have one non-motored bogie at the outer end and are supported by the middle car at the inner end, like a Stadler GTW. All cars have low floor sections at the doors, rising over the bogies. Access from the platform is at level. Traction equipment is concentrated in the middle car. Designing the car body to be strong enough to support transformer and air conditioning equipment on the roof whilst limiting the weight proved difficult, delaying delivery by about a year. Each end car has a driving positions and a pantograph. To allow lateral movement each pantograph is mounted on a sledge. At standstill the sledge can be moved by from the centre to the side. Contacts on the sledge engage with fixed contacts on the car roof to route the current to either the AC (centre position) or DC equipment. The pneumatic cylinder allows movement to the right only, but, should the EMU be turned, provision can be made for movement to the other side with a simple intervention at the workshop. The vehicles can travel on the entire 15 kV AC network of the Swiss railways. They are equipped for multiple unit operation of up to three car sets. Platform restrictions limits train length to (two sets), normal operation on the Uetliberg line (S 10) is a rake of two Be 510 sets. Literature Martin Gut, Urs Nötzli: Die Be 556 511–516 der SZU. In German, periodical Eisenbahn Amateur 12/2013, pages 576–578 References External links Stadler Rail multiple units Articulated passenger trains Multiple units of Switzerland Transport in Zürich 15 kV AC multiple units
Hemlock Fairground is a national historic district and fairground located at Hemlock in Livingston County, New York. The district covers with five contributing buildings and one contributing object, the racetrack. There are two clusters of buildings near the racetrack. One cluster consists of the grandstand (constructed 1870) and livestock sheds located along the perimeter of the track at the southwest corner of the site. The second cluster consists of exhibition buildings located east of the track. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. References External links The Hemlock "Little World's" Fair - Hemlock, New York Event venues on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state) Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state) Historic districts in Livingston County, New York Tourist attractions in Livingston County, New York National Register of Historic Places in Livingston County, New York
The 2018 Birmingham City Council election is one of many local elections that took place in England on 3 May 2018. This was the first 'all-out' election for Birmingham City Council following a boundary review, which reduced the number of councillors from 120 to 101, serving 69 wards (previously 40 wards). Since the election, the city council has been composed of 37 single-member wards and 32 two-member wards. Eligibility to vote All registered electors (British, Irish, Commonwealth and European Union citizens) who are aged 18 or over on polling day will be entitled to vote in the local elections. A person who has two homes (such as a university student having a term-time address and living at home during holidays) can register to vote at both addresses as long as they are not in the same electoral area, and can vote in the local elections for the two different local councils. Election Results Overall election result Overall result compared with 2016. Council Composition Prior to the election Prior to the 2018 election, Birmingham City Council was composed of 120 councillors across 40 wards. The council has been controlled by the Labour Party since 2012, which held two-thirds (80) of the seats. The Conservative Party last held sole control of the council in 1984. It was under no overall control from 2003 until 2012, run by a Labour-Liberal Democrat coalition from 2003 to 2004 and by a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition from 2004 to 2012. Ward results City centre and surrounding area Aston Birchfield Bordesley & Highgate Bordesley Green Edgbaston Handsworth Handsworth Wood Harborne Holyhead Ladywood Lozells Nechells Newtown North Edgbaston Quinton Soho & Jewellery Quarter East of city centre Alum Rock Bromford & Hodge Hill Garretts Green Glebe Farm & Tile Cross Heartlands Shard End Sheldon Small Heath South Yardley Ward End Yardley East Yardley West & Stechford North of city centre Castle Vale Erdington Gravelly Hill Kingstanding Oscott Perry Barr Perry Common Pype Hayes Stockland Green South-east of city centre Acocks Green Balsall Heath West Brandwood & King's Heath Druids Heath and Monyhull Hall Green North Hall Green South Highter's Heath Moseley Sparkbrook & Balsall Heath East Sparkhill Tyseley & Hay Mills South-west of city centre Allens Cross Bartley Green Billesley Bournbrook & Selly Park Bournville & Cotteridge Frankley Great Park King's Norton North King's Norton South Longbridge & West Heath Northfield Rubery & Rednal Stirchley Weoley & Selly Oak Sutton Coldfield Sutton Four Oaks Sutton Mere Green Sutton Reddicap Sutton Roughley Sutton Trinity Sutton Vesey Sutton Walmley & Minworth Sutton Wylde Green By-elections Billesley Hall Green North Oscott Quinton Yardley East Notes References Birmingham 2018 2010s in Birmingham, West Midlands
```yaml - name: integration/process/unix_socket_cleanup.yml hosts: test-targets[0] tasks: - mitogen_action_script: script: \| import glob result['sockets'] = glob.glob('/tmp/mitogen_unix.sock') register: socks - shell: > ANSIBLE_STRATEGY=mitogen_linear ANSIBLE_SSH_ARGS="-o HostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-rsa -o PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes=+ssh-rsa" ANSIBLE_VERBOSITY="{{ ansible_verbosity }}" ansible -m shell -c local -a whoami {% for inv in ansible_inventory_sources %} -i "{{ inv }}" {% endfor %} test-targets args: chdir: ../.. register: out connection: local when: is_mitogen - mitogen_action_script: script: \| import glob result['sockets'] = glob.glob('/tmp/mitogen_unix.sock') register: socks2 - assert_equal: left: socks right: socks2 tags: - custom_python_new_style_module ```
Diocese of Gegharkounik ( Gegharkuniki t'em), is a diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church covering the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. The name is derived from the historic Gegharkunik canton of Syunik (historic province) province of ancient Greater Armenia. The Diocese of Gegharkounik was officially founded on 30 May 1996, upon a kontakion issued by Catholicos Karekin I. The diocesan headquarters are located in the provincial capital Gavar, with the seat being the Holy Mother of God Cathedral of the town. References External links Churches of Gegharkunik Province Gegharkounik Christianity in Armenia Gegharkunik Province Oriental Orthodox dioceses in Armenia
Trusted Network Connect (TNC) is an open architecture for Network Access Control, promulgated by the Trusted Network Connect Work Group (TNC-WG) of the Trusted Computing Group (TCG). History The TNC architecture was first introduced at the RSA Conference in 2005. TNC was originally a network access control standard with a goal of multi-vendor endpoint policy enforcement. In 2009 TCG announced expanded specifications which extended the specifications to systems outside of the enterprise network. Additional uses for TNC which have been reported include Industrial Control System (ICS), SCADA security, and physical security. Specifications Specifications introduced by the TNC Work Group: TNC Architecture for Interoperability IF-IMC - Integrity Measurement Collector Interface IF-IMV - Integrity Measurement Verifier Interface IF-TNCCS - Trusted Network Connect Client-Server Interface IF-M - Vendor-Specific IMC/IMV Messages Interface IF-T - Network Authorization Transport Interface IF-PEP - Policy Enforcement Point Interface IF-MAP - Metadata Access Point Interface CESP - Clientless Endpoint Support Profile Federated TNC TNC Vendor Adoption A partial list of vendors who have adopted TNC Standards: ArcSight Aruba Networks Avenda Systems Enterasys Extreme Networks Fujitsu IBM Pulse Secure Juniper Networks Lumeta McAfee Microsoft Nortel ProCurve strongSwan Wave Systems Also, networking by Cisco HP Symantec Trapeze Networks Tofino TNC Customer Adoption The U.S. Army has planned to use this technology to enhance the security of its computer networks. The South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services has tested a TNC-SCAP integration combination in a pilot program. See also IF-MAP Trusted Computing Trusted Computing Group Trusted Internet Connection References Sources Dornan, Andy. “'Trusted Network Connect' Puts Hardware Security Agent In Every PC”, “Information Week Magazine”, UBM Techweb Publishing. Vijayan, Jaikumar. “Vendor Group Adds Net Access Specs”, “Computer World Magazine”, IDG Publishing. Higgins, Kelly Jackson. “Trusted Computing Group Widens Security Specs Beyond Enterprise Networks”, “Dark Reading”, UBM Techweb Publishing. Townsend, Mark. “Naked endpoints on your net, and what to do about them”, “SC Magazine”, Haymarket Media. Fang, Juan and Zeng, Hongli. “The Model of Trusted Network Connect Based on Credibility of the Hierarchy”, nswctc, vol. 2, pp. 454–457, 2010 Second International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted Computing, 2010. Howard, Scott (2010-06)(“Securing SCADA and Control Networks”, “urunkoruma.com”. External links Trusted Network Connect Specifications TNC SDK Computer network security Trusted computing
Ayotunde Adeyoola Phillips (born 26 July 1949) is a Nigerian Jurist and former Chief Judge of Lagos State. Early life Ayotunde Adeyoola Williams was born on 26 July 1949, in London, the first child of the late Justice James Oladipo Williams and Henrietta Aina Williams, a Lagos state-born judge. She attended primary school in London before returning to Nigeria with her sibling, Oluwafunmilayo Olajumoke Atilade. She obtained the West Africa School Certificate Examination at Queen's College, Lagos, and Ibadan Grammar School before proceeding to the University of Lagos where she obtained a bachelor's degree in Law in June 1973. She completed the compulsory one year Youth Service at Enugu State Ministry of Justice and was Call to the bar in 1974. Law career She started her career at Kehinde Sofola's Chambers in November 1975, a year after she was Call to the bar. She left the chamber in September 1976 to join the services of the Lagos State Development and Property Corporation as a legal Officer and rose to the position of legal adviser in 1990, the same year she got a transfer to the Ministry of Justice where she attained the rank of a High Court Judge in 1994. In July 2012, she was appointed as the Chief Judge by Babatunde Fashola and after her retirement in June 2014, she was succeeded by Justice Oluwafunmilayo Olajumoke Atilade, her younger sister. References Judiciary of Lagos State Living people 1968 births Lawyers from London Queen's College, Lagos alumni University of Lagos alumni British emigrants to Nigeria Nigerian judges Lagos State judges
The Monterrey WCT was a men's tennis tournament played in Monterrey, Mexico from 1976 to 1977 and 1981 to 1983. The event was part of the WCT Tour and was played on indoor carpet courts. Finals Singles Doubles See also Mexico City WCT References World Championship Tennis Tennis tournaments in Mexico Defunct tennis tournaments in Mexico Defunct sports competitions in Mexico 1976 establishments in Mexico 1983 disestablishments in Mexico Recurring sporting events established in 1976 Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1983 Sport in Monterrey Carpet court tennis tournaments Monterrey WCT
Sir Henry Rider Haggard (; 22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction romances set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre. He was also involved in land reform throughout the British Empire. His stories, situated at the lighter end of Victorian literature, continue to be popular and influential. Life and career Family Henry Rider Haggard, generally known as H. Rider Haggard or Rider Haggard, was born at Bradenham, Norfolk, the eighth of ten children, to William Meybohm Rider Haggard, a barrister, and Ella Doveton, an author and poet. His father was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1817 to British parents. A member of the Haggard family, he was the great-nephew of the ecclesiastical lawyer John Haggard and an uncle of the naval officer Admiral Sir Vernon Haggard and the diplomat Sir Godfrey Haggard. Education Haggard was initially sent to Garsington Rectory in Oxfordshire to study under Reverend H. J. Graham, but, unlike his elder brothers, who graduated from various private schools, he attended Ipswich Grammar School. This was because his father, who perhaps regarded him as somebody who was not going to amount to much, could no longer afford to maintain his expensive private education. After failing his army entrance exam, he was sent to a private crammer in London to prepare for the entrance exam for the British Foreign Office, which he never sat. During his two years in London he came into contact with people interested in the study of psychic phenomena. South Africa, 1875–1882 In 1875, Haggard's father sent him to what is now South Africa to take up an unpaid position as assistant to the secretary to Sir Henry Bulwer, Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony of Natal. In 1876, he was transferred to the staff of Sir Theophilus Shepstone, Special Commissioner for the Transvaal. It was in this role that Haggard was present in Pretoria in April 1877 for the official announcement of the British annexation of the Boer Republic of the Transvaal. Indeed, Haggard raised the Union flag and read out much of the proclamation following the loss of voice of the official originally entrusted with the duty. At about that time, Haggard fell in love with Mary Elizabeth "Lilly" Jackson, whom he intended to marry once he obtained paid employment in Africa. In 1878, he became Registrar of the High Court in the Transvaal, and wrote to his father informing him that he intended to return to England and marry her. His father forbade it until Haggard had made a career for himself, and by 1879 Jackson had married Frank Archer, a well-to-do banker. When Haggard eventually returned to England, he married a friend of his sister, Marianna Louisa Margitson (1859–1943) in 1880, and the couple travelled to Africa together. They had a son named Jack (born 1881, died of measles at age 10) and three daughters, Angela (b.1883), Dorothy (b.1884) and Lilias (b.1892). Lilias Rider Haggard became an author, edited The Rabbit Skin Cap and I Walked By Night, and wrote a biography of her father entitled The Cloak That I Left (published in 1951). In England, 1882–1925 Moving back to England in 1882, the couple settled in Ditchingham, Norfolk, Louisa Margitson's ancestral home. Later they lived in Kessingland and had connections with the church in Bungay, Suffolk. Haggard turned to the study of law and was called to the bar in 1884. His practice of law was desultory and much of his time was taken up by the writing of novels, which he saw as being more profitable. Haggard lived at 69 Gunterstone Road in Hammersmith, London, from mid-1885 to circa April 1888. It was at this Hammersmith address that he completed King Solomon's Mines (published September 1885). Haggard was heavily influenced by the larger-than-life adventurers whom he met in colonial Africa, most notably Frederick Selous and Frederick Russell Burnham. He created his Allan Quatermain adventures under their influence, during a time when great mineral wealth was being discovered in Africa, as well as the ruins of ancient lost civilisations of the continent such as Great Zimbabwe. Three of his books, The Wizard (1896), Black Heart and White Heart; a Zulu Idyll (1896), and Elissa; the Doom of Zimbabwe (1898), are dedicated to Burnham's daughter Nada, the first white child born in Bulawayo; she had been named after Haggard's 1892 book Nada the Lily. Haggard belonged to the Athenaeum, Savile, and Authors' clubs. Aid for Lilly Archer Years later, when Haggard was a successful novelist, he was contacted by his former love, Lilly Archer, née Jackson. She had been deserted by her husband, who had embezzled funds entrusted to him and had fled bankrupt to Africa. Haggard installed her and her sons in a house and saw to the children's education. Lilly eventually followed her husband to Africa, where he infected her with syphilis before dying of it himself. Lilly returned to England in late 1907, where Haggard again supported her until her death on 22 April 1909. These details were not generally known until the publication of Haggard's 1981 biography by Sydney Higgins. Writing career After returning to England in 1882, Haggard published a book on the political situation in South Africa, as well as a handful of unsuccessful novels, before writing the book for which he is most famous, King Solomon's Mines. He accepted a 10 percent royalty rather than £100 for the copyright. A sequel soon followed entitled Allan Quatermain, followed by She and its sequel Ayesha, swashbuckling adventure novels set in the context of the Scramble for Africa (although the action of Ayesha happens in Tibet). The hugely popular King Solomon's Mines is sometimes considered the first of the Lost World genre. She is generally considered to be one of the classics of imaginative literature, and with 83 million copies sold by 1965, it is one of the best-selling books in history. He is also remembered for Nada the Lily (a tale of adventure among the Zulus) and the epic Viking romance, Eric Brighteyes. His novels portray many of the stereotypes associated with colonialism, yet they are unusual for the degree of sympathy with which the native populations are portrayed. Africans often play heroic roles in the novels, although the protagonists are typically European. Notable examples are the heroic Zulu warrior Umslopogaas, and Ignosi, the rightful king of Kukuanaland, in King Solomon's Mines. Having developed an intense mutual friendship with the three Englishmen who help him regain his throne, he accepts their advice and abolishes witch-hunts and arbitrary capital punishment. Three of Haggard's novels were written in collaboration with his friend Andrew Lang, who shared his interest in the spiritual realm and paranormal phenomena. Haggard also wrote about agricultural and social reform, in part inspired by his experiences in Africa, but also based on what he saw in Europe. At the end of his life, he was a staunch opponent of Bolshevism, a position that he shared with his friend Rudyard Kipling. The two had bonded upon Kipling's arrival at London in 1889, largely on the strength of their shared opinions, and remained lifelong friends. Public affairs Haggard was involved in reforming agriculture and was a member of many commissions on land use and related affairs, work that involved several trips to the Colonies and Dominions. It eventually led to the passage of the 1909 Development Bill. He stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as a Conservative candidate for the Eastern division of Norfolk in the 1895 summer election, losing by 197 votes. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in 1912 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours. Death Haggard died on 14 May 1925 in Marylebone, London, aged 68. His ashes were buried at St Mary's Church, Ditchingham. His papers are held at the Norfolk Record Office. His relatives include the writer Stephen Haggard (great-nephew), the director Piers Haggard (great-great-nephew), and the actress Daisy Haggard (great-great-great-niece). Legacy Influence Psychoanalyst Carl Jung considered Ayesha, the female protagonist of She, to be a manifestation of the anima. Her epithet "She Who Must Be Obeyed" is used by British author John Mortimer in his Rumpole of the Bailey series as the lead character's private name for his wife, Hilda, before whom he trembles at home (despite the fact that he is a barrister with some skill in court). Haggard's Lost World genre influenced popular American pulp writers such as Edgar Rice Burroughs, Robert E. Howard, Talbot Mundy, Philip José Farmer, and Abraham Merritt. Allan Quatermain, the adventure hero of King Solomon's Mines and its sequel Allan Quatermain, was a template for the American character Indiana Jones. Quatermain has gained recent popularity thanks to being a main character in the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Graham Greene, in an essay about Haggard, stated, "Enchantment is just what this writer exercised; he fixed pictures in our minds that thirty years have been unable to wear away." Haggard was praised in 1965 by Roger Lancelyn Green, one of the Oxford Inklings, as a writer of a consistently high level of "literary skill and sheer imaginative power" and a co-originator with Robert Louis Stevenson of the Age of the Story Tellers. On race Rider Haggard's works have been criticised for their depictions of non-Europeans. In his non-fiction book Decolonising the Mind, Kenyan author Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o refers to Haggard, who he says was one of the canonical authors in primary and secondary school, as one of the "geniuses of racism." Author and academic Micere Mugo wrote in 1973 that reading the description of "an old African woman in Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines had for a long time made her feel mortal terror whenever she encountered old African women." Influence on children's literature in the 19th century During the 19th century, Haggard was one of many individuals who contributed to children's literature. Morton N. Cohen described King Solomon's Mines as a story that has "universal interest, for grown-ups as well as youngsters". Haggard himself wanted to write the book for boys, but it ultimately had an influence on children and adults around the world. Cohen explained, "King Solomon’s Mines was being read in the public schools [and] aloud in class-rooms". General influence and legacy The first chapter of Haggard's book People of the Mist is credited with inspiring the motto of the Royal Air Force (formerly the Royal Flying Corps), Per ardua ad astra. In 1925, his daughter Lilias commissioned a memorial window for Ditchingham Church, in his honour, from James Powell and Sons. The design features the Pyramids, his farm in Africa, and Bungay as seen from the Vineyard Hills near his home. The Rider Haggard Society was founded in 1985. It publishes the Haggard Journal three times a year. Works Films based on Haggard's works Haggard's writings have been turned into films many times including: King Solomon's Mines This novel has been adapted at least six times. The first version, King Solomon's Mines, directed by Robert Stevenson, premiered in 1937. The best known version premiered in 1950: King Solomon's Mines, directed by Compton Bennett and Andrew Marton, was followed in 1959 by a sequel, Watusi. In 1979 a low-budget version directed by Alvin Rakoff, King Solomon's Treasure, combined both King Solomon's Mines and Allan Quatermain in one story. The 1985 film King Solomon's Mines was a tongue-in-cheek comedy, with a 1987 sequel in the same vein, Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold. Around the same time an Australian animated TV film came out, King Solomon's Mines. In 2004 an American TV mini-series, King Solomon's Mines starred Patrick Swayze. In 2008 a direct-to-video adaptation, Allan Quatermain and the Temple of Skulls, was released by Mark Atkins; it bore more resemblance to Indiana Jones than the novel. She She: A History of Adventure has been adapted for film at least ten times, and was one of the earliest movies to be made: In 1899, as La Colonne de feu (The Pillar of Fire), by Georges Méliès. An American 1911 version starred Marguerite Snow. A British-produced version appeared in 1916, and in 1917 Valeska Suratt appeared in a production for Fox which is lost. In 1925 a silent film of She, starring Betty Blythe, was produced with the active participation of Rider Haggard, who wrote the intertitles. This film combines elements from all the books in the series. The 1935 version, filmed a decade later, featured Helen Gahagan, Randolph Scott, Helen Mack, and Nigel Bruce. The lost city of Kôr is set in the Arctic, rather than Africa, and depicts the ancient civilisation in an Art Deco style. The music is by Max Steiner. The screenplay combines elements from all the books in the series, including Wisdom's Daughter. In 2006, Legend Films and Ray Harryhausen restored and colorized the film for DVD release, as it was originally intended. The 1965 film She was produced by Hammer Film Productions; it starred Ursula Andress as Ayesha and John Richardson as her reincarnated love, with Peter Cushing and Bernard Cribbins as other members of the expedition. The 1984 adaptation of She took place in a post-apocalyptic setting, attempting to capitalize on the fame of Mad Max. In 2001, another adaptation was released direct-to-video with Ian Duncan as Leo Vincey, Ophélie Winter as Ayesha and Marie Bäumer as Roxane. Dawn The film Dawn was released in 1917, starring Hubert Carter and Annie Esmond. Jess This book was filmed in 1912, featuring Marguerite Snow, Florence La Badie and James Cruze, in 1914 with Constance Crawley and Arthur Maude, and in 1917 as Heart and Soul, starring Theda Bara in the title role. Cleopatra The 1917 American film Cleopatra was based on Haggard's novel and other sources. Beatrice The book was adapted into a 1921 Italian silent drama film called The Stronger Passion, directed by Herbert Brenon and starring Marie Doro and Sandro Salvini. Swallow The novel was adapted into a 1922 South African film. Stella Fregelius The book was adapted into a 1921 British film, Stella. Moon of Israel This novel was the basis of a script by Ladislaus Vajda, for film-director Michael Curtiz in his 1924 Austrian epic known as Die Sklavenkönigin (Queen of the Slaves). Honours The locality of Rider, British Columbia, was named after him. Rider Haggard Lane in Kessingland, Suffolk, is located at his former home. See also Jules Verne (1825–1905), like Boussenard, his French contemporary, also wrote of fantastic worlds, though some of these are considered to be more science fiction in some of his works than others. Journey to the Center of the Earth and The Mysterious Island are novels that are similar in structure to the novels of Boussenard and Haggard. Louis Henri Boussenard (1847–1911), French author of adventure novels, dubbed the French Rider Haggard during his lifetime. Pierre Benoit (1886–1962), French author whose novel L'Atlantide is similar to She. Emilio Salgari (1862–1911), Italian author of adventure novels and founder of the adventure genre in Italy. Alexandre Dumas, père (1802–1870), French author of historical novels of high adventure. Anthony Hope (1863–1933), English author of adventure novels such as The Prisoner of Zenda. P. C. Wren (1875–1941), British writer of adventure fiction. He is remembered best for Beau Geste, a much-filmed book of 1924 involving the French Foreign Legion in North Africa, and its sequels, Beau Sabreur and Beau Ideal. Mythopoeia Theosophical fiction References Notes Bibliography Klein, Darius M. Survivals and Origins in H. Rider Haggard's She: A History of Adventure--A bibliography online source of bibliography External links Works by H. R. Haggard at Project Gutenberg Australia Works by H. R. Haggard at One More Library The Mahatma and the Hare : a Dream Story illustrated by William Thomas Horton (1911) Umslopogaas, She, & Allan Quatermain Full Series (1927) H. Rider Haggard's She, Escape, CBS radio, 1948 H. Rider Haggard Quotation Collection The Books of H. Rider Haggard: A Chronological Survey Rider Haggard Society In and Out of Africa : The Adventures of H. Rider Haggard Lilly Library, Bloomington, IN Camera Interviews - Sir Rider Haggard (1923), by Pathé Finding aid to H. Rider Haggard papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library. 1856 births 1925 deaths Haggard family Fabulists English fantasy writers English historical novelists Writers of historical fiction set in antiquity Writers of historical fiction set in the Middle Ages Writers of historical fiction set in the early modern period Mythopoeic writers Legion of Frontiersmen members Knights Bachelor Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire People educated at Ipswich School People from Breckland District Victorian novelists 19th-century British novelists 20th-century English novelists 19th-century British short story writers People from Ditchingham Writers of Gothic fiction English male novelists
The Asian American Student Union is a student-led organization for Asian American and Pacific Islander students on the East Coast of America. It started in 1993 at the University of Florida. Its activities include organising vigils for incapacitated students, and 'fostering understanding of the current social climate' concerning its members. References Ethnic student organizations Student organizations established in 1993 Student organizations in the United States Asian-American society University of Florida 1993 establishments in Florida
```c /* Loop unswitching for GNU compiler. This file is part of GCC. GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or for more details. along with GCC; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. / #include "config.h" #include "system.h" #include "coretypes.h" #include "tm.h" #include "rtl.h" #include "hard-reg-set.h" #include "obstack.h" #include "basic-block.h" #include "cfgloop.h" #include "cfglayout.h" #include "params.h" #include "output.h" #include "expr.h" / This pass moves constant conditions out of loops, duplicating the loop in progress, i.e. this code: while (loop_cond) { A; if (cond) branch1; else branch2; B; if (cond) branch3; C; } where nothing inside the loop alters cond is transformed into if (cond) { while (loop_cond) { A; branch1; B; branch3; C; } } else { while (loop_cond) { A; branch2; B; C; } } Duplicating the loop might lead to code growth exponential in number of branches inside loop, so we limit the number of unswitchings performed in a single loop to PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_LEVEL. We only perform the transformation on innermost loops, as the benefit of doing it on loops containing subloops would not be very large compared to complications with handling this case. / static struct loop unswitch_loop (struct loops , struct loop , basic_block, rtx, rtx); static void unswitch_single_loop (struct loops , struct loop , rtx, int); static rtx may_unswitch_on (basic_block, struct loop , rtx ); /* Prepare a sequence comparing OP0 with OP1 using COMP and jumping to LABEL if true, with probability PROB. If CINSN is not NULL, it is the insn to copy in order to create a jump. / rtx compare_and_jump_seq (rtx op0, rtx op1, enum rtx_code comp, rtx label, int prob, rtx cinsn) { rtx seq, jump, cond; enum machine_mode mode; mode = GET_MODE (op0); if (mode == VOIDmode) mode = GET_MODE (op1); start_sequence (); if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_CC) { / A hack -- there seems to be no easy generic way how to make a conditional jump from a ccmode comparison. / gcc_assert (cinsn); cond = XEXP (SET_SRC (pc_set (cinsn)), 0); gcc_assert (GET_CODE (cond) == comp); gcc_assert (rtx_equal_p (op0, XEXP (cond, 0))); gcc_assert (rtx_equal_p (op1, XEXP (cond, 1))); emit_jump_insn (copy_insn (PATTERN (cinsn))); jump = get_last_insn (); JUMP_LABEL (jump) = JUMP_LABEL (cinsn); LABEL_NUSES (JUMP_LABEL (jump))++; redirect_jump (jump, label, 0); } else { gcc_assert (!cinsn); op0 = force_operand (op0, NULL_RTX); op1 = force_operand (op1, NULL_RTX); do_compare_rtx_and_jump (op0, op1, comp, 0, mode, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, label); jump = get_last_insn (); JUMP_LABEL (jump) = label; LABEL_NUSES (label)++; } REG_NOTES (jump) = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_BR_PROB, GEN_INT (prob), REG_NOTES (jump)); seq = get_insns (); end_sequence (); return seq; } / Main entry point. Perform loop unswitching on all suitable LOOPS. / void unswitch_loops (struct loops loops) { int i, num; struct loop loop; / Go through inner loops (only original ones). / num = loops->num; for (i = 1; i < num; i++) { / Removed loop? / loop = loops->parray[i]; if (!loop) continue; if (loop->inner) continue; unswitch_single_loop (loops, loop, NULL_RTX, 0); #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING verify_dominators (CDI_DOMINATORS); verify_loop_structure (loops); #endif } iv_analysis_done (); } / Checks whether we can unswitch LOOP on condition at end of BB -- one of its basic blocks (for what it means see comments below). In case condition compares loop invariant cc mode register, return the jump in CINSN. / static rtx may_unswitch_on (basic_block bb, struct loop loop, rtx cinsn) { rtx test, at, op[2], stest; struct rtx_iv iv; unsigned i; enum machine_mode mode; / BB must end in a simple conditional jump. / if (EDGE_COUNT (bb->succs) != 2) return NULL_RTX; if (!any_condjump_p (BB_END (bb))) return NULL_RTX; / With branches inside loop. / if (!flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, EDGE_SUCC (bb, 0)->dest) \|\| !flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, EDGE_SUCC (bb, 1)->dest)) return NULL_RTX; / It must be executed just once each iteration (because otherwise we are unable to update dominator/irreducible loop information correctly). / if (!just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, bb)) return NULL_RTX; / Condition must be invariant. / test = get_condition (BB_END (bb), &at, true, false); if (!test) return NULL_RTX; for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { op[i] = XEXP (test, i); if (CONSTANT_P (op[i])) continue; if (!iv_analyze (at, op[i], &iv)) return NULL_RTX; if (iv.step != const0_rtx \|\| iv.first_special) return NULL_RTX; op[i] = get_iv_value (&iv, const0_rtx); } mode = GET_MODE (op[0]); if (mode == VOIDmode) mode = GET_MODE (op[1]); if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_CC) { if (at != BB_END (bb)) return NULL_RTX; if (!rtx_equal_p (op[0], XEXP (test, 0)) \|\| !rtx_equal_p (op[1], XEXP (test, 1))) return NULL_RTX; cinsn = BB_END (bb); return test; } stest = simplify_gen_relational (GET_CODE (test), SImode, mode, op[0], op[1]); if (stest == const0_rtx \|\| stest == const_true_rtx) return stest; return canon_condition (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (GET_CODE (test), SImode, op[0], op[1])); } /* Reverses CONDition; returns NULL if we cannot. / rtx reversed_condition (rtx cond) { enum rtx_code reversed; reversed = reversed_comparison_code (cond, NULL); if (reversed == UNKNOWN) return NULL_RTX; else return gen_rtx_fmt_ee (reversed, GET_MODE (cond), XEXP (cond, 0), XEXP (cond, 1)); } / Unswitch single LOOP. COND_CHECKED holds list of conditions we already unswitched on and are therefore known to be true in this LOOP. NUM is number of unswitchings done; do not allow it to grow too much, it is too easy to create example on that the code would grow exponentially. / static void unswitch_single_loop (struct loops loops, struct loop loop, rtx cond_checked, int num) { basic_block bbs; struct loop nloop; unsigned i; rtx cond, rcond = NULL_RTX, conds, rconds, acond, cinsn; int repeat; edge e; / Do not unswitch too much. / if (num > PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_LEVEL)) { if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching anymore, hit max level\n"); return; } / Only unswitch innermost loops. / if (loop->inner) { if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, not innermost loop\n"); return; } / We must be able to duplicate loop body. / if (!can_duplicate_loop_p (loop)) { if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, can't duplicate loop\n"); return; } / The loop should not be too large, to limit code growth. / if (num_loop_insns (loop) > PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_INSNS)) { if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, loop too big\n"); return; } / Do not unswitch in cold areas. / if (!maybe_hot_bb_p (loop->header)) { if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, not hot area\n"); return; } / Nor if the loop usually does not roll. / if (expected_loop_iterations (loop) < 1) { if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, loop iterations < 1\n"); return; } do { repeat = 0; cinsn = NULL_RTX; / Find a bb to unswitch on. / bbs = get_loop_body (loop); iv_analysis_loop_init (loop); for (i = 0; i < loop->num_nodes; i++) if ((cond = may_unswitch_on (bbs[i], loop, &cinsn))) break; if (i == loop->num_nodes) { free (bbs); return; } if (cond != const0_rtx && cond != const_true_rtx) { rcond = reversed_condition (cond); if (rcond) rcond = canon_condition (rcond); / Check whether the result can be predicted. / for (acond = cond_checked; acond; acond = XEXP (acond, 1)) simplify_using_condition (XEXP (acond, 0), &cond, NULL); } if (cond == const_true_rtx) { / Remove false path. / e = FALLTHRU_EDGE (bbs[i]); remove_path (loops, e); free (bbs); repeat = 1; } else if (cond == const0_rtx) { / Remove true path. / e = BRANCH_EDGE (bbs[i]); remove_path (loops, e); free (bbs); repeat = 1; } } while (repeat); / We found the condition we can unswitch on. / conds = alloc_EXPR_LIST (0, cond, cond_checked); if (rcond) rconds = alloc_EXPR_LIST (0, rcond, cond_checked); else rconds = cond_checked; if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Unswitching loop\n"); / Unswitch the loop on this condition. / nloop = unswitch_loop (loops, loop, bbs[i], cond, cinsn); gcc_assert (nloop); / Invoke itself on modified loops. / unswitch_single_loop (loops, nloop, rconds, num + 1); unswitch_single_loop (loops, loop, conds, num + 1); free_EXPR_LIST_node (conds); if (rcond) free_EXPR_LIST_node (rconds); free (bbs); } / Unswitch a LOOP w.r. to given basic block UNSWITCH_ON. We only support unswitching of innermost loops. UNSWITCH_ON must be executed in every iteration, i.e. it must dominate LOOP latch. COND is the condition determining which loop is entered. Returns NULL if impossible, new loop otherwise. The new loop is entered if COND is true. If CINSN is not NULL, it is the insn in that COND is compared. / static struct loop unswitch_loop (struct loops loops, struct loop loop, basic_block unswitch_on, rtx cond, rtx cinsn) { edge entry, latch_edge, true_edge, false_edge, e; basic_block switch_bb, unswitch_on_alt; struct loop nloop; sbitmap zero_bitmap; int irred_flag, prob; rtx seq; / Some sanity checking. / gcc_assert (flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, unswitch_on)); gcc_assert (EDGE_COUNT (unswitch_on->succs) == 2); gcc_assert (just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, unswitch_on)); gcc_assert (!loop->inner); gcc_assert (flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, EDGE_SUCC (unswitch_on, 0)->dest)); gcc_assert (flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, EDGE_SUCC (unswitch_on, 1)->dest)); entry = loop_preheader_edge (loop); / Make a copy. / irred_flag = entry->flags & EDGE_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; entry->flags &= ~EDGE_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; zero_bitmap = sbitmap_alloc (2); sbitmap_zero (zero_bitmap); if (!duplicate_loop_to_header_edge (loop, entry, loops, 1, zero_bitmap, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0)) { sbitmap_free (zero_bitmap); return NULL; } sbitmap_free (zero_bitmap); entry->flags \|= irred_flag; / Record the block with condition we unswitch on. / unswitch_on_alt = get_bb_copy (unswitch_on); true_edge = BRANCH_EDGE (unswitch_on_alt); false_edge = FALLTHRU_EDGE (unswitch_on); latch_edge = single_succ_edge (get_bb_copy (loop->latch)); / Create a block with the condition. / prob = true_edge->probability; switch_bb = create_empty_bb (EXIT_BLOCK_PTR->prev_bb); seq = compare_and_jump_seq (XEXP (cond, 0), XEXP (cond, 1), GET_CODE (cond), block_label (true_edge->dest), prob, cinsn); emit_insn_after (seq, BB_END (switch_bb)); e = make_edge (switch_bb, true_edge->dest, 0); e->probability = prob; e->count = latch_edge->count prob / REG_BR_PROB_BASE; e = make_edge (switch_bb, FALLTHRU_EDGE (unswitch_on)->dest, EDGE_FALLTHRU); e->probability = false_edge->probability; e->count = latch_edge->count * (false_edge->probability) / REG_BR_PROB_BASE; if (irred_flag) { switch_bb->flags \|= BB_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; EDGE_SUCC (switch_bb, 0)->flags \|= EDGE_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; EDGE_SUCC (switch_bb, 1)->flags \|= EDGE_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; } else { switch_bb->flags &= ~BB_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; EDGE_SUCC (switch_bb, 0)->flags &= ~EDGE_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; EDGE_SUCC (switch_bb, 1)->flags &= ~EDGE_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP; } /* Loopify from the copy of LOOP body, constructing the new loop. / nloop = loopify (loops, latch_edge, single_pred_edge (get_bb_copy (loop->header)), switch_bb, BRANCH_EDGE (switch_bb), FALLTHRU_EDGE (switch_bb), true); / Remove branches that are now unreachable in new loops. / remove_path (loops, true_edge); remove_path (loops, false_edge); / One of created loops do not have to be subloop of the outer loop now, so fix its placement in loop data structure. / fix_loop_placement (loop); fix_loop_placement (nloop); / Preserve the simple loop preheaders. */ loop_split_edge_with (loop_preheader_edge (loop), NULL_RTX); loop_split_edge_with (loop_preheader_edge (nloop), NULL_RTX); return nloop; } ```
A kotar is a type of prepared guitar with a sound reminiscent of the koto. Guitarist Kaki King used a kotar on the hidden track at the end of her album Legs to Make Us Longer. References Experimental string instruments
Candice Hopkins (born 1977) is a Carcross/Tagish First Nation independent curator, writer, and researcher who predominantly explores areas of indigenous history, and art. Early life and education Candice Hopkins was born 1977 in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. Hopkins is a citizen of Carcross/Tagish First Nation. Hopkins was raised in Fort St. John, British Columbia. She did an internship in Fiji through the Native Friendship Centre, working with local artists in recovering the indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine. Hopkins attended school for her undergraduate degree in Calgary and attended the masters program in the Center for Curatorial Studies, Bard College. Curation Hopkins is co-curator of the 2018 SITE Santa Fe biennial, Casa tomada and recently named senior curator for the 2019 Toronto Biennial of Art and on the curatorial team of the Canadian Pavilion of the 58th Venice Biennale, featuring the work of the media art collective Isuma. She was a curator for documenta 14. She has held curatorial positions at prestigious institutions including the Walter Phillips Gallery, Western Front Society, the National Gallery of Canada, and The Institute of American Indian Arts Museum of Contemporary Native Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She has been published widely and lectured internationally and is the recipient of the 2015 Hnatyshyn Foundation Award for Curatorial Excellence in Contemporary Art. Writing Her recent essays include "The Appropriation Debates" for Mousse magazine, "Outlawed Social Life", on the ban of the potlatch ceremony and the work of the late artist Beau Dick for the documenta 14 edited issue of South as a State of Mind (2016) as well as the chapter "The Gilded Gaze: Wealth and Economies on the Colonial Frontier," in the documenta 14 Reader. In 2016, as part of the run-up to 2017's Documenta 14 in Kassel, Germany, and Athens, Greece, Hopkins co-organized the School of Listening, a summer intensive program in Kassel for students from both cities. In September, 2016 Hopkins quickly responded to the untimely death of artist Annie Pootoogook in the article "An Elegy for Annie Pootoogook (1969–2016)", featured in the online art criticism publication Momus. For the conclusion of the article Hopkins draws similarities between Pootoogook's generous character and her unbridled genius and Sedna, an Arctic folkloric character who met an untimely death by drowning, and through death evolved to become the mother of the sea. For the 13th edition of Fillip released in the Spring 2011, Hopkins authored a text titled "The Golden Potlatch: Study in Mimesis and Capitalist Desire". In this text Hopkins introduces the interconnectedness between Indigenous lands, prospectors interests and monetary desires catalyzed by the Klondike Gold Rush. Other writings and articles include "Fair Trade Heads: A Conversation on Repatriation and Indigenous Peoples with Maria Thereza Alves and Jolene Rickard" for South As a State of Mind; "Inventory" for C Magazine on sound, harmonics and indigenous pedagogies; "Native North America," a conversation with Richard William Hill for Mousse Magazine, and, also in Mousse, an interview with artist and architect Joar Nango, "Temporary Structures and Architecture on the Move." Curatorial projects A select list of curation projects by Hopkins. Before the Internet: Networks and Art (2007), Western Front, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Sakahàn: International Indigenous Art (2013), National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Close Encounters: The Next 500 Years (2011), Plug In Institute of Contemporary Art, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Unsettled Landscapes: SITELINES (2014). Hopkins worked as team with three other individuals, including Lucía Sanromán, Curator (b. Guadalajara, México; lives in Mexico City) Janet Dees, Curator of Special Projects (b. New York; lives in Santa Fe) Irene Hofmann, SITElines Director (b. New York; lives in Santa Fe). dOCUMENTA 14, Kassel, Germany and Athens, Greece (2017) 2018 Sitelines Biennial (2018), SITE Santa Fe 58th Venice Biennial (2019), Canadian Pavilion Soundings: An Exhibition in Five Parts (2020), curated by Candice Hopkins and Dylan Robinson, and featured newly commissioned scores, performances, videos, sculptures and sound by Indigenous and other artists who respond to this question. Organized by Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Queen's University, Canada. The traveling exhibition is organized by Independent Curators International (ICI). Publications Books Articles References 1977 births Living people 21st-century First Nations writers Bard College alumni Tlingit people Writers from Whitehorse Women art historians Canadian women curators First Nations women writers Canadian art curators 21st-century Canadian women writers
Lokomotiv Ruse is a Bulgarian football club founded in 1930, currently competing in the Northeast Third League, third tier of Bulgarian football. It was disbanded in 2002 due to financial difficulties. In 2016 FC Marisan Ruse renamed to Lokomotiv, thus restoring the Lokomotiv brand and name, although the team has no legal link with the previous team named Lokomotiv. History Early years Lokomotiv (Ruse) is one of the first railwaymen sport clubs in Bulgaria. It was formed in 1928-1929 from railwaymen workers at Locomotive and Wagon factory in Ruse. Lokomomotiv (Ruse) was registered and licensed by The Bulgarian National Sport Federation at 4 December 1930 as ZhSK (Zheleznicharski sporten klub, in English: Railways Sports Club, in Bulgarian Железничарски спортен клуб). ZhSK (Ruse) joined Ruse Regional Championship in 1931. In Second World War period ZhSK reached its first major success. Railway team won Ruse Regional Championship five times (1942, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1948). In those years ZhSK (Ruse) recorded their participation at the highest level of Bulgarian football - State Championship. The best ranking was in the 1943 - quarterfinal. At Communist Era In 1945 the name was changed from ZhSK to Lokomotiv after the reorganization of the Bulgarian sport movement at the beginning of the Communist era. During the period 1946-1948 Lokomotiv (Ruse) was the best team in Ruse and in 1946 reached another remarkable success - semi-final in National Cup (then Cup of the Soviet Army). In 1948-1949 there was another reorganization of the Bulgarian sport movement. Many of the city clubs were merged into only one team - in Ruse Lokomotiv was merged along with Dinamo (founded in 1944) and Rusenets (founded in 1947) into City Society for Physical Culture and Sport "Dunav" at 16 February 1949. The tradition was continued in the new Ruse Railways sports team for the next three years. In 1952 a new total reorganization of the National Sport Movement in Bulgaria was made. As the USSR's Voluntary Sports organizations, in Bulgaria have been created many DSO (Voluntary Sports organizations). One of that was DSO Lokomotiv (Ruse). Railwaymen team restarted in Bulgarian football Championship from the lowest level and just for a year gained a promotion to "B" group (second level in Bulgarian football pyramid). When at the end of the 1950s the new reorganization of Bulgarian sport was made, in Ruse there were only two football teams - Dunav and Lokomotiv. The local bureau of the Communist party decided to give Dunav the role of a first team of the city and Lokomotiv was considered to be the second best team in Ruse for many years ahead. The team played for 20 times at second level ("B" group) and several times was relegated into "V" group (third level). Lokomotiv was notable for its very good youth setup. This was due to the fact that many young prospect from the football academy of Lokomotiv played along with some veterans in the first team. In 1980s Lokomotiv (Ruse) had several successes in the two major cup tournaments in Bulgaria - Cup of Bulgaria and Cup of the Soviet Army. Post Communist times Political changes in Bulgaria after 1989 happened when Lokomotiv (Ruse) played in Northeast "V" group (third tier). In 1991/92 season the team reached promotion to "B" football group (second level). The financial crisis and the withdrawal of local management of Bulgarian Railway Company away from the club brought to the Locomotive Stadium new people in charge. The president of Ruse Shipyard Company Penko Dimitrov was elected as the new club chairman. It was a big shock for all the fans of Lokomotiv at the beginning of the 1992/93 season in the "B" group. Just several hours before the start of the season the club was renamed as "Korabostroitel" (Shipbuilder) and the traditional red-black colours were replaced by unacceptable white-blue just like city rivals of FC Dunav. The fans continue called the team "Loko" and supported the team. "Korabostroitel" played very good with attractive attacking style. This was no doubt due to the philosophy of the coaches - Nikola Hristov for the first part of the season and Asparuh Nikodimov for the rest of the season. Season 1994/95 in "B" group was more than remarkable - the team finished at 5th position. According to many experts "Korabostroitel" was the best team in the North "B" group. The team recorded impressive home wins (for example 6:0 against Cherno more Varna), and played very successful as a guest too. The striker Ivo Georgiev was an unrelenting "goal-machine" and became a top scorer with 26 goals in 30 games. The Shipbuilders team had the best attack in the group - 67 goals. Despite all the chance to promotion to the "A" group (top level) was omitted. Several rounds before the end of the season a cruel discovery was made. There were missing 15 000 000 BGN of Rousse Shipyard. The company was declared bankrupt and president Penko Dimitrov was arrested, so the team had to finish the season with no finance whatsoever. The "Korabostroitel" era at Locomotive Stadium finished with 5th place at the end of the season in "B" group. The coach and some of the star players left at the summer break. Last Years The summer of 1995 was again time for changes. After the "Korabostroitel" era the new aim for the club not to be relegated and if possible - to play attractively in 'B' group. The name 'Locomotiv' was again restored, and the traditional colours of the team - red and black were restored, too. The new elected chairman of FC Lokomotiv (Ruse) was Orlin Tanov - businessman of dubious reputation, like most football bosses in Bulgaria. 1995/96 season was very successful for the railways team. Two managers - Remzi Nuriev and the famous former goalkeeper Georgi Velinov, who later took the charge at Lokomotiv (Ruse) not only saved the team from relegation, but also made it more impressive with victories at home over all strong teams in the league, including the new champion of 'B' group Maritsa (Plovdiv). The sweetest victory was over the city rivals Dunav (Ruse) - historical 1:0 in a real thriller. The referee tried to help Dunav and awarded a penalty kick and showed three (3) red cards to Lokomotiv players. Ultimately derby ended in victory for the railways team inspired by a late goal from a big distance in 86 minutes. The scorer was Viktor Nankov. Next season (1996/97) was the last for the team in "B" division and the team was relegated to "V" group (third tier). The next 5 years the team battled hard to survive in "V" group. All the players in the first three years have been youngsters from the academy of the team. The last two years of that period the experienced Blagovest Georgiev, Miroslav Enev, Samir Mastanov, Tzanko Serafimov and other former Lokomotiv players return to the club. In 2000/01 Lokomotiv finished 2nd. At the summer break it became clear that the team had fallen into serious financial crisis. In order to survive, Lokomotiv unified with another third-tier team from Ruse - "Chicago". With that for the new 2001/02 season the name of the club is changed into "Lokomotiv - Chicago". But this step did not save the team from financial troubles as the team still had a lot of debts. Despite the fact, that year the team became champions of "V" group and won promotion for "B" group. On 5 July 2002 the owners of the club declared that the team had no money to start the season so that it could not afford to play in "B" group. Both presidents - Orlin Tanov and Ventsislav Angelov started negotiations with local businessmen but in vain. On 29 July 2002 Orlin Tanov declared, that he was abolishing the team. All the contracts with players and coaches were terminated. Soon after that (in 2004) the club base was given to a new club from Ruse - FC Ariston. This team renovated the base and started to play at "Lokomotiv" stadium. In 2012 Ariston declared plans to build a new stadium at the place of the former "Lokomotiv" stadium. 2016–present: Refounding In the beginning of August 2016, Marisan Ruse merged with FA Ruse under the name Lokomotiv Ruse with the idea to restore the club. The club joined the newly reformed Bulgarian Third League. Honours Winner of the Cup of the Railways (1936) Quarterfinal in the Bulgarian National Championship (1943) Champion of Rousse regional championship (1942, 1943, 1946,1947,1948) 5th place in the B group (1955, 1995) Semi-finalist in Cup of Bulgaria (1946) Semi-finalist in Soviet Army Cup (1989) 1/4-final in Soviet Army Cup (1985) 1/4-final in Cup of Bulgaria (1986) 3rd place at World Railways championship in Duisburg, Germany (1991). Players Managers Past seasons League positions Notable players Ivo Georgiev Marian Todorov Nikola Yordanov Stefan Yurukov Martin Kerchev References External links bgclubs profile Association football clubs established in 1930 Ruse, Bulgaria Ruse 1930 establishments in Bulgaria Football clubs in Bulgaria
Nyssodrysternum freyorum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1963. 2426365450 References Nyssodrysternum Beetles described in 1963
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Tumut on 26 September 1861 because Charles Cowper Jr., the son of then Premier Charles Cowper had been appointed Clerk of the Executive Council in the third Cowper ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested. Dates Result Charles Cowper Jr. had been appointed Clerk of the Executive Council in the third Cowper ministry. See also Electoral results for the district of Tumut List of New South Wales state by-elections References 1861 elections in Australia New South Wales state by-elections 1860s in New South Wales
The A228 road is an important transport artery in Kent, England. It begins at the Isle of Grain and runs in a south-westerly direction to connect eventually with the A21 trunk road at Pembury. It serves existing communities and new and proposed housing developments and commercial enterprises. The most influential force on the recent upgrading of the road has been the development of Kings Hill near West Malling. Route Grain to M20 The A228 commences on a railway level crossing at Lower Stoke on the Isle of Grain, where it continues as the B2001. It begins as Grain Road, becoming Malmaynes Hall Road after it passes through Stoke running west. Passing High Halstow and turning south, it follows Sharnal Street which then becomes the Ratcliffe Highway, which bypasses Hoo St Werburgh and skirts the Deangate Ridge Golf Club. After reaching Chattenden it turns into Four Elms Hill before switching onto the new Wainscott Eastern Bypass. Entering Frindsbury, where the A289 Medway Towns northern bypass starts, it follows Frindsbury Hill and then Frindsbury Road before reaching Strood. The southern part of this Hoo Peninsula section was widened in 2005 as part of the Thames Gateway development programme. It is intended to dual the northern section to Grain at a later date (provisionally 2016). In Strood the southbound and northbound routes split due to Strood's one-way system. The southbound route goes along North Street and then Knight Road before joining the Cuxton Road whilst the northbound route follows Gun Lane from Cuxton Road to Frindsbury Road. In Strood it also crosses the A2. Continuing south, the road passes over the M2 and High Speed 1 on Sundridge Hill where those two routes reach land again after crossing their respective Medway bridges. Proceeding down Sundridge Hill, the road descends from the Downs and enters the Medway Gap at Cuxton, where it then becomes the Rochester Road and later Formby Road as it makes its way to Halling. At Halling, the A228 departs from the old route that took it through the village and proceeds along the Halling Bypass which then links up with the Snodland Bypass near Holborough. As the Snodland Bypass ends the road rejoins its historic route (albeit on very recent much enlarged roads) for a short stretch on Malling Road which becomes Castle Way as it approaches Leybourne, meeting the M20 Junction 4. M20 to Tunbridge Wells South of the M20, the route again diverts onto a 2006 bypass to the west of the old route village, which then passes under the A20 (a road that it used to meet) and then joins the West Malling Bypass, which was built in 1988 then upgraded to dual carriageway in the 2000s. Passing Manor Park Country Park to the west and the roundabout at the northern entrance to Kings Hill, the road becomes Ashton Way before meeting the Malling Road at the southern tip of West Malling and proceeding through Mereworth. South of Mereworth, the route is shared by that of the A26 for a short period before the routes diverge upon meeting Seven Mile Lane onto which the A228 turns south while the A26 proceeds southwest to Tonbridge. As it passes East Peckham and the hamlet of Hale Street, the road becomes Hale Street before crossing the River Medway and joining Bainbridges Road, passing Beltring and The Hop Farm Country Park. Here the road splits with the B2160 branching off south towards Paddock Wood and the A228 turning southwest along the Whetsted Road towards Whetsted, where it becomes the Maidstone Road for its final stretch before reaching Pembury. This last section is under consideration for another bypass for Colts Hill as this section of road is a relatively small single carriageway which is a notorious accident blackspot and a key link between Maidstone Hospital and the newly redeveloped Pembury Hospital. The classification A228 was not applied originally to the route south of Mereworth. Following improvements in the 1990s (including a bypass around East Peckham), the B2016 between Mereworth and Hale Street and the B2015 between Hale Street and Pembury were both reclassified as A228. As it passes through Pembury, the Maidstone Road becomes the Pembury Road towards Tunbridge Wells, and the A228 shares the route of the A264 for its last few yards as it crosses the A21 before finally terminating on a roundabout at the end of the slip roads for the northern bound carriageway of the A21. References External links Leybourne and West Malling bypass Roads in Kent Transport in Medway
"Nemurenai Machi" (Japanese: 眠れない街, lit. Sleepless Town) is a song written and recorded by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai, released September 6, 2010, by Island Records and Universal Sigma. The song served as the third single from Ai's eighth studio album, The Last Ai and as the theme song for the ANB drama, Keishicho Keizoku Sosakan. Background In celebration of her tenth anniversary in the music industry, Ai released two previous singles, "Fake" and "Still...". Both singles were commercially successful, charting within the top 20 of the Oricon Singles Chart and the top 30 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. Track listing All tracks produced by Uta. Charts "Nemurenai Machi" peaked at number 60 on the Oricon Singles Chart, charting for three weeks. On the Japan Hot 100, the song debuted and peaked at number 53 for the week of September 8, 2010. It fell off the chart after one week. References 2010 songs 2010 singles Ai (singer) songs Songs written by Ai (singer) Island Records singles Universal Sigma singles
Nameh Beyt Hardan (, also Romanized as Na‘meh Beyt Ḩardān; also known as Na‘meh) is a village in Howmeh-ye Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Dasht-e Azadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 174, in 24 families. References Populated places in Dasht-e Azadegan County
```html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"> <title>static_string::swap (1 of 2 overloads)</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css"> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"> <link rel="home" href="../../../../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.Beast"> <link rel="up" href="../swap.html" title="static_string::swap"> <link rel="prev" href="../swap.html" title="static_string::swap"> <link rel="next" href="overload2.html" title="static_string::swap (2 of 2 overloads)"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../../../boost.png"></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">People</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">FAQ</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td> </tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="../swap.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../swap.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="overload2.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"> <a name="beast.ref.boost__beast__static_string.swap.overload1"></a><a class="link" href="overload1.html" title="static_string::swap (1 of 2 overloads)">static_string::swap (1 of 2 overloads)</a> </h6></div></div></div> <p> Exchange the contents of this string with another. </p> <h7><a name="beast.ref.boost__beast__static_string.swap.overload1.h0"></a> <span class="phrase"><a name="beast.ref.boost__beast__static_string.swap.overload1.synopsis"></a></span><a class="link" href="overload1.html#beast.ref.boost__beast__static_string.swap.overload1.synopsis">Synopsis</a> </h7><pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">swap</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">static_string</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">);</span> </pre> <h7><a name="beast.ref.boost__beast__static_string.swap.overload1.h1"></a> <span class="phrase"><a name="beast.ref.boost__beast__static_string.swap.overload1.description"></a></span><a class="link" href="overload1.html#beast.ref.boost__beast__static_string.swap.overload1.description">Description</a> </h7> </div> <table xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr> <td align="left"></td> file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="path_to_url" target="_top">path_to_url </p> </div></td> </tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="../swap.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../swap.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="overload2.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> </body> </html> ```
Gayraud Stephen Wilmore Jr. (December 20, 1921 – April 18, 2020) was an American writer, historian, ethicist, educator, and theologian, known for his role in the Civil Rights Movement and his scholarship related to the history of the African-American church and the history of African-American religious experience, as well as his contributions to black theology. Early life and army service Wilmore was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a mother who was a domestic worker and a father who was an office clerk. His father, a World War I veteran, founded the first Black American Legion Post in the state of Pennsylvania. In high school, Wilmore was active in drama club, wrote for the school newspaper, and briefly joined the Young Communist League before graduating in 1938. After high school, he enrolled at Lincoln University, but was soon drafted into the United States Army. As a Buffalo Soldier, he served with the all-black 92nd Infantry division in Italy. After returning to the United States, he completed his studies at Lincoln University, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1947. Ministry and academic career Wilmore completed a Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1950, also at Lincoln University. Soon after graduation he was ordained by the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and appointed pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in West Chester, Pennsylvania. He would serve that congregation for three years. During his time in West Chester he helped integrate the local school system, with one of his sons becoming the first black student to attend an all-white school. He began his first serious work related to civil rights when he was appointed to the PCUSA's Board of Christian Education's Department of Social Education and Action. He became an associate executive on the board, holding the position for five years. Wilmore then became a member of the faculty of Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, where he worked from 1959 to 1963 as assistant professor of social ethics. In 1963, when the 175th General Assembly of the UPCUSA convened, it created the Commission on Religion and Race, naming Wilmore as its executive director. During his time as executive director, Wilmore oversaw several racial justice initiatives, organized protests, and trained ministers to participate in boycotts. He served as executive director from 1962 until 1972. Upon his retirement from the commission, he joined the faculty at Boston University School of Theology, teaching social ethics there from 1972 until 1974. He then taught at Colgate Rochester Divinity School from 1974 until 1983, before joining New York Theological Seminary, where he served as dean of divinity until 1987. He moved again to teach church history at the Interdenominational Theological Center in Atlanta, Georgia, where he also became editor of the school's theology journal. He remained at the school for five years before joining the faculty of United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio, as an adjunct professor from 1995 until 1998. He died on April 18, 2020, at the age of 98. Publications Wilmore wrote or edited 16 books and is considered an Internationally acclaimed scholar and theologian of the history of the African-American church and black theology. He was a contributing editor to Christianity and Crisis. Among his more popular books are Black Theology: A Documentary History, 1966–1979 (edited with James Hal Cone and published in 1979); Black Religion and Black Radicalism: An Interpretation of the Religious History of African Americans, the first edition of which was published in 1973; and Pragmatic Spirituality, published in 2004. References 1921 births 2020 deaths Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School faculty Interdenominational Theological Center alumni Military personnel from Philadelphia Writers from Dayton, Ohio Writers from Philadelphia African-American theologians 20th-century African-American people 21st-century African-American people
Semyon Markovich Semyonov (1911–1986) was a Soviet intelligence agent, best known for handling convicted Soviet spy Julius Rosenberg. Background Semyonov was born Samuil Markovich Taubman in Odessa and graduated from the Moscow Textile Institute in 1936 with a specialty in power engineering. Career Of Jewish ancestry, for which he would suffer career-wise in the Soviet Union following the Stalinist purges, Semyonov joined the NKVD in 1937 and was sent quickly to the United States as an intelligence officer. He enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which he graduated in June 1940 and shortly thereafter began working for Amtorg. Semyonov had a mastery of French and English. Semyonov worked first as a purchasing agent for the Soviet agency Machinoimport and then as head of the engineering department of the Soviet Purchasing Commission during World War II, with offices both at the commission and at Amtorg while specializing in scientific and technical espionage. A Russian Foreign Intelligence Service history quotes his KGB personnel files as stating, "While working from 1938 through 1944 in the United States, Major Semyonov showed himself to be one of the most active workers in the rezidentura [station] and credits him with connecting to 20 agents along the scientific and technical line". In 1942 Semyonov persuaded Vasily Zarubin to transfer Julius Rosenberg and his contacts from the CPUSA-Jacob Golos channel to the direct control of the Rezidentura, with himself as the assigned case officer. The actual transfer occurred on Labor Day weekend, 7 September 1942, at a meeting in Central Park. Bernard Schuster brought Rosenberg to the meeting. Rosenberg was then subjected to a thorough vetting and recruitment process to include training in tradecraft and a probationary period. Alexander Feklisov was assigned to assist in managing Rosenberg. Once the formal recruitment of Rosenberg was completed Semyonov used Rosenberg to conduct formal recruitments of two of Rosenberg's friends from City College of New York, Joel Barr and William Perl. Semyonov persuaded into collaboration a large group of young scientists and specialists, through whom was obtained a significant quantity of valuable materials on "ENORMOZ" (Manhattan Project), radio electronics, jet aviation, chemistry, medicine. Semyonov received from Bruno Pontecorvo in January 1943 an extensive report on the first nuclear chain reaction. Pontecorvo also relayed to Semyonov in early 1943 that "Fermi was prepared to provide information." In 1943 the active intelligence operation of Semyonov drew the attention of American counter espionage, and Semyonov was recalled to the Soviet Union. Later he had assignments in France and in Moscow and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1950, in association with the Doctors' plot, the foreign intelligence agency began dismissing persons of Jewish ethnicity. In spite of significant positive results in his record, Semyonov was discharged. He worked as translator in the publishing house Progress. Semyonov was rehabilitated in the 1970s. For the successful completion of special missions concerning scientific and technical intelligence, including on the atomic programs, Semyonov was awarded the Order of the Red Star and awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. References Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999). . External links An Interactive Rosenberg Espionage Ring Timeline and Archive Biography of Semyon Semyonov NKVD officers KGB officers Soviet Jews Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Moscow State Textile University alumni Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Nuclear secrecy Soviet spies against the United States 1986 deaths 1911 births People from Odesa
Poland national youth football team can refer to the following age group teams: Poland national under-21 football team Poland national under-20 football team Poland national under-19 football team Poland national under-18 football team Poland national under-17 football team Poland national under-16 football team Poland national football team National youth association football teams Youth association football in Poland
Pomacea sinamarina is a species of freshwater snail in the Ampullariidae family. It was first described in 1792 by Jean Guillaume Bruguière as Bulimus sinamarinus. Its distribution includes French Guiana and Suriname. References sinamarina Freshwater snails Molluscs of South America Gastropods described in 1792
Valentine Blanchard (1831 – 14 November 1901) was a prominent English photographer who was widely recognized for his artistic and technical contributions to photography in the 1860s. Both his landscape and his portrait photography were highly valued by the public, commanding high prices and selling well. He was much appreciated by his peers for the technical innovations he pioneered in photographic processes. Blanchard was born in Wisbech, Isle of Ely. Other Wisbech photographers included Samuel 'Philosopher' Smith and Lilian Ream. According to Bill Jay, Blanchard "took stereoscopic pictures, cartes-de-visite, 'quality' portraits, instantaneous views, and art studies in platinum". He died in Meadow Lea, Herne Common, near Canterbury. Early life He was born and raised in Wisbech, the son of Lucy (née Bates) (1794–1871) and Valentine Blanchard (b1790) a solicitor's clerk. In 1851 the census records him living with his parents in Bedford street, Wisbech. On completing an apprenticeship he moved to London. Career By 1852 Valentine had completed his printing apprenticeship, moved to London and on 7 May 1854 he married Mary Ann Allen. About this time Valentine set out on a new career as a photographer, using the Daguerreotype process. In 1858 he was advertising Blanchard was one of a number of artists and photographers supporting charities. 'On Saturday 21 1868 a private view was given at the Institute of Painters in Water-colours, Pall-mall, of a series of ten cartoon sketches, painted and presented by John Absolon to the governors of Guy's Hospital for the decoration of one of the sick wards of that institution. They are intended for the Samaritan Ward. Mr. Valentine Blanchard has taken a complete series of admirable photographs of Mr. Absolon's drawings. The set are fitted into a neat portfolio.' In 1869 he was in his studio at Camden Cottages, when the gun cotton and collodion he was working with caught fire and exploded. The blast destroyed his equipment and he received a hand injury. By 1870 he was operating from a studio in Piccadilly before moving to Regent Street in 1876. His entry, 'Study of an Italian Girl', in the 1870 Winter Exhibition of the Photographic Society, was described Blanchard exhibited at the International Exhibition in London on 1874. In the 1880s he ran six week afternoon photography courses 'Studio Posing and Lighting', evening courses using electric lighting and lectures on 'Art in Relation to Photography (Portraits and Groups)'. He was advertising a 4-week version of the latter course, at the Polytechnic Institute, in 1891 in The Queen, a ladies newspaper. He was one of the judges at the 1891 Glasgow Photographic Exhibition held in the Art Institute. He is listed on the general committee of the Photographic Salon held between 1 October and 4 November 1894 in the Dudley Gallery, Piccadilly. This was the second salon organised by members of The Linked Ring. He was a member of the Solar Club, which consisted almost entirely of photographers (including Messrs. George Wharton Simpson, H. P. Robinson, W. Maylaud, Baden Pritchard, and other representatives of the art). He was also a member of The Whitefriars club, the clubroom of which displayed portraits of members, many taken by Blanchard. In 1896 he was one of the Photographic Section judges at the Cardiff Exhibition. The process of printing using platinum black was just one of his developments. His publications included A few plain words on carbon or pigment printing (1893), as well as articles in The British Journal of Photography and The Photographic News from 1862 to 1901. Later life He died in 1901. An obituary was published in The British Journal of Photography. He was survived by a nephew Valentine Louis Blanchard, also a photographer with studios in Cambridge. Legacy Images are held in collections including the J Paul Getty Museum and the National Portrait Gallery. Blanchard's photo of former Sheriff of London Richard Young (MP) was presented to Wisbech Working Men's Club and Institute by Mrs Young, his widow. Further reading References External links See also Stereoscope Collodion process 1831 births 1901 deaths People from Wisbech Photographers from Cambridgeshire
Craigmarloch is a private residential area of the town of Cumbernauld in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It was the last such area that the Cumbernauld Development Corporation (CDC) laid out and began to construct. The area is designed to be like a village, with features such as: a village green, a main street, focal points, gateways, water features and recreational and community facilities. The responsibility for the development of the area passed from the CDC to North Lanarkshire Council in 1996. The area was known as Auchinbee, and was built on the lands of the Auchinbee Farm. The farm house has been developed into a nursery. The name Craigmarloch, was taken from an area to the north close to Kilsyth and adjacent to the Forth and Clyde Canal, approximately away. The older site was a stop on the canal. Around the main residential area is the Dullatur Golf Course with two main courses. The area also has Roman links as an ancient Roman Path runs between the Joint Schools Campus and the Craighalbert Centre. The area is very well connected to the rest of Scotland and the UK by being only a short drive from all of the major motorway networks. Croy train station only a short walk or drive away, allows a very speedy and direct commute into Glasgow, Edinburgh, Falkirk and Stirling as well as many other destinations. The frequency of the trains and volume of car parking available means Cumbernauld North is a possible commuting location. References Areas of Cumbernauld
Anna Wu may refer to: Anna Wu (born 1951), Hong Kong political figure Anna Wu (Chuck), a fictional character in the TV series Chuck See also Annie Wu (disambiguation)
Racism: A History is a three-part British documentary series originally broadcast on BBC Four in March 2007. Episodes External links Watch the 3 part series at Top Documentaries BBC Active: Racism: A History retrieved 2015.05.25 BBC television documentaries about history 2000s British documentary television series 2007 British television series debuts 2007 British television series endings Documentaries about racism
Suolisjärvi is a medium-sized lake in the Paatsjoki main catchment area. It is located in the eastern Lapland region in Finland. The lake is in the border of Vätsäri Wilderness Area. See also List of lakes in Finland References Lakes of Inari, Finland
Ouled Si Slimane is a town in north-eastern Algeria. Communes of Batna Province Cities in Algeria
Picabo Street (born 1971) is an American World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist. Picabo may also refer to: Picabo, Idaho, U.S. Picabo volcanic field, in Yellowstone volcanic hotspot, western U.S. Picabo, a character on the Canadian children's television show Les Oraliens See also Peekaboo (disambiguation) Picaboo, a self-publishing and printing service based in Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S. Picabu, restaurant at the Walt Disney World Dolphin resort
The Lander College for Men is a private men's division of Touro University System located in Kew Gardens Hills, Queens, New York City. Its stated goal is to provide a college curriculum while maintaining a traditional Yeshiva environment. Generally, its attendees are students who have attended post-high school programs studying Talmud prior to their attendance, primarily in Israel. Background and history The Lander College for Men opened in the fall of 2000, and before long moved onto its campus in Kew Gardens Hills. It graduated its first class in 2003. Geoffrey Alderman, who was a Vice President of Touro College, was Dean of the Lander College for Men from its inception, and served until the end of February 2002. He left to work at American InterContinental University in the UK. The current dean of the Lander College for Men, Dr. Moshe Sokol, succeeded him at that time. In May 2012. Rabbi Abba Bronspigel retired from the position of Rosh HaYeshiva of Beis Medrash L'Talmud. He was succeeded by Rabbi Yonason Sacks and Rabbi Doniel Lander in the Fall of 2012. In the biography of Rabbi Dr. Bernard Lander, it is stated that the Lander College for Men was created partially in response to dissatisfaction with the liberalization of Yeshiva University during the tenure of Rabbi Dr. Norman Lamm. In response to this, some of Yeshiva University's rabbinical faculty, specifically Rabbis Abba Bronspigel and Yehuda Parnes, decided to leave the school. With the assistance of Lander, they created a school with the goal of providing a more religious and more challenging Yeshiva environment than that of Yeshiva University. Bernard Lander called the Lander College for Men the "flagship" of Touro College. Academic environment This is a dual curriculum program involving college courses along with Judaic studies. The vast majority of students in the school transfer from Israeli institutions focusing on post-high school full-time Judaic studies, where most have studied for multiple years. The school has a Yeshiva program, in conjunction with the associated Beis Medrash L'Talmud, for full-time Judaic studies for students who are either pre- or post-college. In accordance with school policy, all students are required to pray with the school's prayer services thrice daily. All students must also attend the morning program of Talmud studies, usually from 9:00am until 2:15pm, each Sunday through Thursday, with a break for lunch (the schedule varies by day). Following afternoon prayers at 2:20pm, academic classes start, Monday through Thursday, lasting until 7:00pm or so for most students. Night Seder (evening Judaic studies) from 8pm until 10pm is also officially mandatory, unless exempted by specific classes such as labs. Notable alumni Daniel Rosenthal (born 1991), politician who has since 2017 represented the 27th District in the New York State Assembly and was the Assembly's youngest member when he took office. Notable faculty Yonason Sacks, Rosh Yeshiva See also List of Jewish universities and colleges in the United States Bar-Ilan University Hebrew Theological College Jerusalem College of Technology Yeshiva University Hareidi Judaism Yehuda (Leo) Levi References External links Lander College Private universities and colleges in New York City Orthodox Judaism in New York City Orthodox yeshivas in New York City Orthodox Jewish universities and colleges Educational institutions established in 2000 Universities and colleges in Queens, New York Kew Gardens Hills, Queens Jewish seminaries Touro University System 2000 establishments in New York City Jewish universities and colleges in the United States
Domingo (Sunday) is the eighth studio album released by Brazilian rock band Titãs. The album became a gold record in Brazil. It is the second Titãs album produced by Jack Endino. Context and production Domingo came after a period of solo projects by most of the band's members. Vocalists Branco Mello and Sérgio Britto (the latter also being the keyboardist) had released Con el Mundo a Mis Pies under their project Kleiderman; the also vocalists Paulo Miklos and Nando Reis (the latter also being the bassist) had experienced their solo debuts (Paulo Miklos and 12 de Janeiro, respectively) and guitarist Tony Bellotto had published his first book, Bellini e a Esfinge. The solo releases were of different styles and exposed the fact that Titãs was formed by different minds and ideas. The band itself admits the albums always ended up leaving a member disappointed. Bellotto didn't felt represented by the electronic elements of Õ Blésq Blom. Reis only sang in one song of each of the two next albums (Tudo Ao Mesmo Tempo Agora and Titanomaquia). The solo efforts did not sell well and Bellotto stated in a 1997 interview that, if any of them experienced a commercial breakthrough, they would hardly go back to the band, which didn't perform well on the radio at that time. Even returning from periods in which they could make their own decisions, the seven members gathered to try and create their eight Titãs album. By the time of the album's release, Bellotto described it as "a more opened and varied album, with a bigger diversity of musical textures, more happy and relaxed". He also said the album came to prove the band was still alive, since the press allegedly considered the band to be over following so many solo efforts. Reis established comparisons between this album and its predecessor Titanomaquia, which, according to him, "is a shadowier album. The new album is shinier, has more color, is more rhythmically diversified. Like a Sunday after a dark Saturday night". The band also considers its diversity to reflect the musical heterogeneity within the group. Jack Endino considered Domingo as his favorite Titãs album. About the creation of it, he commented: It was pre-produced at Nota Por Nota Studios in São Paulo, between April and August 1995; then recorded at Be Bop Sound Studios, also in São Paulo, in September of the same year; mixed at Hanzek Audio, in Seattle in October of the same year and mastered at Starling Sound, in New York City, in the same month. The album's promotional tour started on 22 December 1995 at the Ginásio do Ibirapuera in São Paulo. In 1996, it was re-released with some bonus tracks, including remixed versions of "Eu Não Vou Dizer Nada (Além do que Estou Dizendo)" and "Tudo o que Você Quiser" and a new song: "Pela Paz", composed as the theme song for the campaign "Caminhada 89 pela Paz" (89 Walk for Peace), by radio 89 FM. Track listing Songwriting credits and lead vocal information adapted from the album booklet. Single The album's title-track was released as its only single, the band's tenth one, in 1995. The song later appeared as an acoustic version on the Volume Dois album. Track listing Personnel Adapted from the album booklet. Titãs Branco Mello - lead vocals on "Tudo O Que Você Quiser", "Tudo Em Dia", "Ridi Pagliaccio", "Brasileiro" and "Turnê", backing vocals Charles Gavin - drums, samplers and rhythmic programming Marcelo Fromer - electric guitar, acoustic guitar in "Um Copo de Pinga", "Pela Paz" and "Eu Não Vou Dizer Nada (Além do que Estou Dizendo) Remix Liminha" Nando Reis - bass, lead vocals in "O Caroço da Cabeça", backing vocals, acoustic guitar in "O Caroço da Cabeça" and "Um Copo de Pinga" Paulo Miklos - lead vocals on "Domingo", "Eu Não Vou Dizer Nada", "Qualquer Negócio" and "Pela Paz", co-lead vocals on "Uns Iguais Aos Outros", backing vocals, keyboards in "O Caroço da Cabeça", sampler programming and editing, saxophone in "Ridi Pagliaccio" and drums in "Um Copo de Pinga" Sérgio Britto - lead vocals on "Rock Americano", "Vámonos" and "Um Copo de Pinga", co-lead vocals on "Eu Não Aguento" and "Uns Iguais Aos Outros", backing vocals, keyboards, third electric guitar in "Domingo" and acoustic guitar in "Um Copo de Pinga" Tony Bellotto - electric and acoustic guitar, slide guitar in "Pela Paz", dobro guitar in "Eu Não Vou Dizer Nada (Além do que Estou Dizendo) Remix Liminha" Guest performances Andreas Kisser - third guitar in "Brasileiro" Herbert Vianna - lead guitar in "O Caroço da Cabeça" Igor Cavalera - second drum kit in "Brasileiro" João Barone - second drum kit in "Eu Não Vou Dizer Nada" Marcos Suzano - percussion in "Eu Não Aguento", "Turnê" and "Qualquer Negócio" Sérgio Boneka - co-lead vocals em "Eu Não Aguento" Aureo Galli - samplers in "Rock Americano" Liminha - programming, drums, bass, mandolin and acoustic guitar in "Pela Paz"; programming and samplers in "Eu Não Vou Dizer Nada (Além do que Estou Dizendo) Remix Liminha" Technical staff Marco Antonio Cordeiro (Buru) and Edu Vianna - recording technicians Paulo Martins - pre-production assistant Fátima da Conceição - hostess Jack Endino - recording and mixing engineering Laura Brantes e Beto Machado - recording and mixing assistants Sombra Jones e Mario Amaral - roadies Nelson Damascena - executive production George Marino e Paulo Junqueiro - mastering Sérgio Britto - cover and picture of the swimming pool Fábio Afonso - cover and electronic publication Vânia Toledo - Titãs picture Juliana Toledo - drain picture References 1995 albums Titãs albums Warner Music Group albums Albums produced by Jack Endino
Hybanthus vernonii, the erect violet, is a small plant in the violet family. Found in eastern Australia in eucalyptus woodland, often in sheltered sites on sandstone based soils. Two subspecies are recognised sub-species vernonii sub-species scaber References vernonii Flora of New South Wales Flora of Victoria (state) Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
Nieuwerkerke (also: Nieuwerkerke Schutje) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 3 km southwest of Brouwershaven. Nieuwerkerke is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Kerkwerve. It was home to 140 people in 1840. Nowadays, it consists of a handful of houses. It used to have a church, but it was destroyed in 1576 by Spanish troops and never rebuilt. Nieuwerkerke was a separate municipality until 1813, when it was merged with Kerkwerve. Nieuwerkerke should not be confused with Nieuwerkerk, a larger village on the same island. References Schouwen-Duiveland History of Schouwen-Duiveland Populated places in Zeeland Former municipalities of Zeeland
Katsuhiro (written: 勝洋, 勝浩, 勝弘, 勝大, 克広, 克央, 克洋 or 功宗) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: , Japanese politician , Japanese sumo wrestler , Japanese game producer , Japanese sumo wrestler , Japanese footballer , Japanese swimmer , Japanese footballer , Japanese Magic: The Gathering player , Japanese baseball player Katsuhiro Nakagawa, Japanese businessman , Japanese baseball player, coach and manager , Japanese footballer , Japanese manga artist, screenwriter and film director , Japanese beach volleyball player , Japanese footballer , Japanese racing driver Japanese masculine given names Masculine given names
Elaine Kao is a Taiwanese-American theatre, television and film actress, best known for her roles in Bridesmaids (2011), Funny People (2009) and Red Doors (2005). Early life Kao was raised in the San Fernando Valley. She graduated with a B.A. in economics from the University of California, Irvine and earned her MFA in Acting from CalArts. Career Kao has appeared in films such as Bridesmaids (the woman from the couple in Kristen Wiig's jewelry store), as Julie Wong in Georgia Lee's Red Doors (Best Narrative Feature Award in the NY, NY Competition at the Tribeca Film Festival), Funny People, Home Game (as Gail), the J. J. Abrams-penned TV movie pilot The Catch (as Mrs. Yasasui), and the TV movie Supreme Courtships (as the Doctor). Kao has also appeared in TV shows such as Snowpiercer (as Anne Roche), Kenan (as Elle), Upside-Down Magic (as Professor Han), No Good Nick (as Ms. Lee), For The People (as Alice Huang), American Koko (as series regular Lucky Ling), Netflix's Disjointed (as Mary), Fresh Off the Boat (as Little Auntie), Hawaii Five-0 (as Dr. Jill Loi), Hart of Dixie (as Sharon), The Comeback (as Chinese Producer), Liv and Maddie (as Sensei Rae Dawn), Incredible Crew (as Mom on the episode "Lunch Boxing"), Entourage (as massage parlor madam Maxie), NCIS: LA (as Xue-Li), Cold Case (as Stacy Lee '09), 24, Eleventh Hour, How I Met Your Mother, The Closer (as An-Li Wong), In Gayle We Trust (as Jill), Grey's Anatomy, Close to Home, Curb Your Enthusiasm (as Kevin Nealon's wife, Miyuki), Six Feet Under (as Courtney), Big Day (as Dr. Yang), Girlfriends (as Sarah) and All-American Girl starring Margaret Cho (as Tammy). Kao also appeared in a number of short films and independent films, as the female protagonist Mai in Kevin Lau's Made in Chinatown, which won Best Short, Best Writing and Best Actor (Tim Chiou) at the 2013 8th Annual NBC Short Cuts Film Festival, with Kao also winning a Best Actress award for her starring role in that film at the 2013 Asians on Film Festival as well. Susie Choi in Christine Yoo's Wedding Palace, as Marianne Quon/Lai Yee ("The Technicolor Movie Queen" of Chinese Cinema) in Timothy Tau's short film bio-pic Keye Luke, as Delia in Cynthia Liu's "Red Thread," as Linda Ahn in Philip Chung's "A Ribbon of Dreams" and as the Mother in James Huang's "Chapter 21." She has also provided her voice talents to the Hong Kong underworld video game Jet Li: Rise to Honor starring Jet Li and has also produced Kerri Higuchi's film, Mr. Isaac and a comedy short film entitled The Cure for a Diseased Life directed by Ray Chang. Kao has also appeared in commercials from Target, Microsoft, MasterCard, Dell, Capital One, Travelocity and more. Kao has also appeared in various theatrical productions from the Lodestone Theatre Ensemble (Tennessee Williams' Suddenly, Last Summer, and as Juliet in Romeo and Juliet), East West Players (as Jing-Mei in EWP's production of The Joy Luck Club and as Rose in EWP's production of Philip Kan Gotanda's Sisters Matsumoto), Company of Angels (as Angie in Vasanti Saxena's Sun Sisters), the Center Theater Group and the Mark Taper Forum (as Hae-Joon in BFE at the New Works Festival), The Sacred Fools Theater Company (as Ching in The Caliban) in Los Angeles, California, as well as South Coast Repertory (in 99 Histories as part of the Pacific Playwrights Festival), the Rude Guerilla Theater (as the Dictator in Howard Barker's Wounds to the Face) The Cleveland Playhouse (as Hannah in Judy Soo Hoo's Solve for X for the Next Stage Festival, opposite Kelvin Han Yee and Roger Fan) and The Met Theater (as Clary, the lead role in Bill's Eye). Filmography References External links Elaine Kao's Official Website 21st-century American actresses American film actresses University of California, Irvine alumni Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American television actresses American stage actresses California Institute of the Arts alumni American people of Chinese descent American people of Taiwanese descent
David Lehman (born June 11, 1948) is an American poet, non-fiction writer, and literary critic, and the founder and series editor for The Best American Poetry. He was a writer and freelance journalist for fifteen years, writing for such publications as Newsweek, The Wall Street Journal, and The New York Times. In 2006, Lehman served as Editor for the new Oxford Book of American Poetry. He taught and was the Poetry Coordinator at The New School in New York City until May 2018. Career Born in New York City, David Lehman grew up the son of European Holocaust refugees in Manhattan's northernmost neighborhood of Inwood. He attended Stuyvesant High School and Columbia University, and Cambridge University in England on a Kellett Fellowship. On his return to New York, he received a Ph.D. in English from Columbia, where he was Lionel Trilling's research assistant. Lehman's poem "The Presidential Years" appeared in The Paris Review No. 43 (Summer 1968) while he was a Columbia undergraduate. The poem was awarded Columbia's Van Rensselaer Poetry Prize in 1967. In 1970 he was named a Woodrow Wilson Fellow and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Lehman taught at Brooklyn College, where he shared an office with John Ashbery, for a year. For four years starting in 1976, he was an assistant professor of English at Hamilton College, teaching courses in literature and creative writing and chairing the college's lecture committee, bringing prominent speakers to campus. In 1980 he received a post-doctoral fellowship from the Society for the Humanities at Cornell University. He then left academe and became a freelance writer. He wrote numerous book reviews and articles for Newsweek and contributed to such other publications as the New York Times Magazine, the Washington Post Book World, the Los Angeles Times, the Boston Globe, Newsday, the Chicago Tribune, and the Philadelphia Inquirer. He became a contributing editor of Columbia College Today in 1982 and of Partisan Review in 1986. In 1987 he joined the board of the National Book Critics Circle and was named vice president in charge of programs and events. In 1988 he founded "The Best American Poetry" annual anthology series. The Perfect Murder (1989) and Signs of the Times: Deconstruction and the Fall of Paul de Man (1991) were his first nonfiction books. Lehman's books of poetry include Playlist (2019), Poems in the Manner Of (2017), New and Selected Poems (2013), Yeshiva Boys (2009), When a Woman Loves a Man (2005), The Evening Sun (2002), The Daily Mirror (2000), and Valentine Place (1996), all published by Scribner. Princeton University Press published Operation Memory (1990), and An Alternative to Speech (1986). He collaborated with James Cummins on a book of sestinas, Jim and Dave Defeat the Masked Man (Soft Skull Press, 2005), and with Judith Hall on a book of poems and collages, Poetry Forum (Bayeux Arts, 2007). Since 2009, new poems have been published in 32 Poems, The Atlantic, The Awl, Barrow Street, The Common, Green Mountains Review, Hanging Loose, Hot Street, New Ohio Review, The New Yorker, Poetry, Poetry London, Sentence, Smartish Pace, Slate, and The Yale Review. Lehman's poems appear in Chinese in the bilingual anthology, Contemporary American Poetry, published through a partnership between the NEA and the Chinese government, and in the Mongolian-English Anthology of American Poetry. Lehman's work has been translated into 16 languages overall, including Spanish, French, German, Danish, Russian, Polish, Korean and Japanese. In 2013, his translation of Goethe’s "Wandrers Nachtlied" into English appeared under the title "Goethe’s Nightsong" in The New Republic, and his translation of Guillaume Apollinaire’s "Zone" was published with an introductory essay in Virginia Quarterly Review. The translation and commentary won the journal's Emily Clark Balch Prize for 2014. Additionally, his poem, "French Movie" appears in the third season of Motionpoems. Lehman is the series editor of The Best American Poetry. The prestigious annual series has 33 volumes published (including special tenth and twenty-fifth anniversary editions); the current (2019) volume was edited by Major Jackson. Further, Lehman has edited The Oxford Book of American Poetry (Oxford University Press, 2006). The Best American Erotic Poems: From 1800 to the Present (Scribner, 2008), and Great American Prose Poems: From Poe to the Present (Scribner, 2003). He is the author of nine nonfiction books, including, most recently, "One Hundred Autobiographies: A Memoir" (2019), "Sinatra's Century: One Hundred Notes on the Man and His World (2015), and "The State of the Art: A Chronicle of American Poetry, 1988-2014" (2015). A Fine Romance: Jewish Songwriters, American Songs (Nextbook, 2009) received a 2010 ASCAP Deems Taylor Award from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Sponsored by the American Library Association, Lehman curated, wrote, and designed a traveling library exhibit based on A Fine Romance that toured 55 libraries in 27 states between May 2011 and April 2012 with appearances at three libraries in New York state and Maryland. In an interview published in Smithsonian Magazine, Lehman discusses the artistry of the great lyricists: “The best song lyrics seem to me so artful, so brilliant, so warm and humorous, with both passion and wit, that my admiration is matched only by my envy ... these lyricists needed to work within boundaries, to get complicated emotions across and fit the lyrics to the music, and to the mood thereof. That takes genius.” Lehman's other books of criticism include The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets (Doubleday, 1998), which was named a "Book to Remember 1999" by the New York Public Library; The Big Question (1995); The Line Forms Here (1992) and Signs of the Times: Deconstruction and the Fall of Paul de Man (1991). His study of detective novels, The Perfect Murder (1989), was nominated for an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America. A new edition of The Perfect Murder appeared in 2000. In October 2015, he published Sinatra's Century: One Hundred Notes on the Man and His World, which Geoffrey O'Brien in "The New York Review of Books" praised as an "engaging, playful, deeply personal, and elegantly concise tribute." Lehman made his living primarily as a journalist and free-lance writer for fifteen years. His by-line appeared frequently in Newsweek in the 1980s and he has continued writing for general-interest magazines and newspapers, among them The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, American Heritage, the Washington Post, People, The Academy of American Poets, National Public Radio, Salon, Slate, Smithsonian, and Art in America. He has been a contributing editor at The American Scholar, since 2009. From May 2014 until September 2019, he acted as quiz master for the weekly column Next Line, Please, a public poetry-writing contest. The first project was a crowd-sourced sonnet, "Monday," which was completed in August 2014. There followed a haiku, a tanka, an anagram based on Ralph Waldo Emerson's middle name, a couplet (which grew into a "sonnet ghazal"), and a "shortest story" competition. Lehman devises the puzzles — or prompts — and judges the results. Lehman now writes a monthly column on movies for "The American Scholar". The Library of Congress commissioned an essay from Lehman, “Peace and War in American Poetry,” and posted it online in April 2013. In 2013, Lehman wrote the introduction to The Collected Poems of Joseph Ceravolo. He had previously written introductory essays to books by A. R. Ammons, Kenneth Koch, Philip Larkin, Alfred Leslie, Fairfield Porter, Karl Shapiro, and Mark Van Doren. In 1994 Lehman succeeded Donald Hall as the general editor of the University of Michigan Press’s Poets on Poetry series, a position he held for twelve years. In 1997 he teamed with Star Black in creating and directing the famed KGB Bar Monday-night poetry series in New York City’s East Village. Lehman and Black co-edited The KGB Bar Book of Poems (HarperCollins, 2000). They directed the reading series until 2003. Lehman taught in the graduate writing program of the New School in New York City since the program's inception in 1996 and served as poetry coordinator from 2003 to 2018. In an interview with Thomas M. Disch in the Cortland Review, Lehman addresses his great variety of poetic styles: "I write in a lot of different styles and forms on the theory that the poems all sound like me in the end, so why not make them as different from one another as possible, at least in outward appearance? If you write a new poem every day, you will probably have by the end of the year, if you’re me, an acrostic, an abecedarium, a sonnet or two, a couple of prose poems, poems that have arbitrary restrictions, such as the one I did that has only two words per line." Lehman has been awarded fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the Ingram Merrill Foundation, and the NEA, and received an award in literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and a Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writer's Award. The Lila Wallace grant enabled Lehman to organize and host a series of poetry readings and school visitations in collaboration with the Community School of Music and Art in Ithaca, New York. The visiting poets were Mark Strand and Donald Hall (1992), Charles Simic, Jorie Graham, and A. R. Ammons (1993), and Louise Gluck, Kenneth Koch, and John Ashbery (1994). Lehman has lectured widely in the United States and abroad. He divides his time between Ithaca, New York, and New York City. He is married to Stacey Harwood. Bibliography Poetry Collections The Perfect Murder: A Study in Detection (The Free Press, 1989; revised ed. Michigan 2000) Operation Memory (Princeton, 1990) Signs of the Times: Deconstruction and the Fall of Paul de Man (Poseidon / Simon & Schuster, 1991) The Line Forms Here (Michigan, 1992) The Big Question (Michigan, 1995) Valentine Place (Scribner, 1996) The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets (Doubleday, 1998; Vintage paperback 1979) The Daily Mirror: A Journal in Poetry (2000) The Evening Sun (Scribner, 2002) When a Woman Loves a Man (Scribner, 2005) Yeshiva Boys (Scribner, 2009) A Fine Romance: Jewish Songwriters, American Songs (Shocken / Random House, 2009) New and Selected Poems (Scribner, 2013) Poems in the Manner of (Scribner, 2017) Playlist (Pittsburgh, 2019) Anthologies and edited collections of other poets Next Line, Please(Cornell, 2018) The Best of the Best American Poetry: 25th Anniversary Edition with Robert Pinsky (Scribner, 2013) The Best American Erotic Poems (Scribner, 2008) The Oxford Book of American Poetry (2006) Great American Prose Poems: From Poe to the Present (2003) The KGB Bar Book of Poems with Star Black (HarperCollins, 2000) The Best of the Best American Poetry, 1988-1997 with Harold Bloom (Scribner, 1998) Ecstatic Occasions, Expedient Forms: 85 Leading Contemporary Poets Select and Comment on Their Poems (1987, expanded 1996, ) Series editor for The Best American Poetry with annual guest editors Other The State of the Art: A Chronicle of American Poetry, 1988-2014 (Pittsburgh, 2015) Jim and Dave Defeat the Masked Man with James Cummins and Archie Rand (Soft Skull Press, 2005) Poetry Forum: A Play Poem: A Pl'em with Judith Hall (Bayeux Arts, 2007) List of poems Memoirs Critical studies, reviews and biographies Beyond Amazement: New Essays on John Ashbery (1980) James Merrill: Essays in Criticism with Charles Berger (Cornell University Press, 1983) The Perfect Murder: A Study in Detection (2000) Sinatra's Century: One Hundred Notes on the Man and His World (2015) The State of the Art: A Chronicle of American Poetry, 1988-2014 (2015) References External links Essay: David Lehman on post-modernism Lehman Explains Motivation for The Last Avant-Garde Film adaptation: Lehman's "French Movie" in Motionpoems Festival, 2011 Commentary: Lehman on Frank O'Hara's "Meditations in an Emergency" in AMC's Mad Men, Mad Men blog, 2009 Interview: David Lehman in Eurozine, 2009 Television appearance: David Lehman on PBS, 2006 Interview: David Lehman with Jane Hammond, Bomb Magazine, 2002 Review: Lehman's The Evening Sun in The Adirondack Review, 2002 Interview: David Lehman with A. R. Ammons, The Paris Review, 1996 David Lehman Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 1948 births Living people 21st-century American Jews American anthologists American male poets Columbia College (New York) alumni Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni Commonweal (magazine) people Jewish American poets The New Yorker people University of Michigan staff
Major Francis Peirson (January 1757 – 6 January 1781) was a British Army officer who was serving on Jersey, in the Channel Islands off the coast of France. He was killed in the Battle of Jersey, one of the last battles to take place in the British Islands. Early career Educated at Warrington Academy, Peirson joined the British Army in 1772. In 1779 he was appointed to the 95th Regiment of Foot, a fencible regiment raised for the defence of the British isles from invasion and was deployed with the regiment to Jersey the following year. Battle of Jersey and death Following the capture and imprisonment of Major Moses Corbet, Commander of the Jersey Garrison, by French troops on 6 January 1781, Peirson refused French demands to surrender and took command of the Garrison. Peirson's refusal to surrender was contrary to the order of the imprisoned Corbet who had already signed the garrison's official capitulation under the threat that St Helier, island's town, would be burnt to the ground. Peirson energetically rallied the garrison from its various posts on the island, first dispatching Captain Hugh Fraser, commander of the Highlanders and light company, to secure the heights overlooking the town, which the French had inexplicably left unoccupied. Peirson then organised a counterattack against the main French force occupying St Helier, planning to outflank the De Rullecourt's troops by attacking the town from two directions. Many of the British soldiers were veterans of fighting in North America and the outnumbered French were driven back to the centre of the town at bayonet point. The ensuing exchange of fire felled the two opposing commanders. Peirson was shot in the heart by a musket ball whilst leading a flanking manoeuvre around the French position, De Rullecourt the French commander was killed whilst attempting to organise a last stand around the Statue of King George II. After Peirson's death, the troops he had commanded were victorious. The defeated French force fled from the town and dispersed into the countryside, where most were eventually captured. As the engagement in St Helier was being fought, Grenadiers from the 83rd Regiment under the command of Captain Campbell stormed and recaptured the La Platte Rocque Battery which had been occupied by 100 French troops. Places named after Peirson The Peirson pub is where Philippe de Rullecourt, the opposing French General, died. Peirson Place is the short street leading into the Royal Square where Peirson was shot Peirson Road is another street in Saint Helier References 1757 births 1781 deaths British military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War Governors of Jersey Sherwood Foresters officers Military personnel from London British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
David Stanley Jacubanis, surname sometimes spelled Jacobanis (July 8, 1910 – June 23, 1985), was a Russian-American criminal and former member of the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list as he was placed on the list as number 171. Background Jacubanis was born in Baku, and was mainly a drifter whose criminal career spanned thirty-seven years with convictions including breaking and entering, larceny, auto theft, armed robbery and carrying a gun without a license. Considered an escape risk by several prisons where he would be imprisoned, among them Alcatraz, Jacubanis was described by federal agents as "a man without a country"; Jacubanis was rejected for deportation by Russia, Canada, England, and France. In 1962, shortly after being paroled, Jacubanis robbed $6,004 from a bank in Dedham, Massachusetts, on March 27, 1962. Because the bank was not insured by the federal government, thus remaining under jurisdiction of state officials, federal authorities issued arrest warrants for Jacubanis with unlawful flight to avoid prosecution and violation of his parole. Arrest and capture After a second robbery in North Smithfield, Rhode Island, on April 5, Jacubanis faced additional federal charges and was officially placed as the 171st fugitive on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List on November 21. After eight days, Jacubanis was captured in Arlington, Vermont, where he was taken back to Massachusetts for trial and eventual conviction. References Books Newton, Michael. Encyclopedia of Robbers, Heists, and Capers. New York: Facts On File Inc., 2002. David Stanley Jacubanis' profile at Find-A-Grave 1910 births 1985 deaths American bank robbers Bank robbers Fugitives People convicted of robbery Soviet emigrants to the United States
The MIT Center for Civic Media (formerly the Center for Future Civic Media) was a research and practical center that developed and implemented tools that supported political action and "the information needs of [civic] communities". Its mission read in part: The MIT Center for Civic Media creates and deploys technical and social tools that fill the information needs of communities. We are inventors of new technologies that support and foster civic media and political action; we are a hub for the study of these technologies; and we coordinate community-based test beds both in the United States and internationally. At the end of August, 2020, the Center for Civic Media closed down. History The Center for Civic Media was founded in 2007 as a joint effort of the MIT Media Lab and the MIT Comparative Media Studies program. Its initial funding, a four-year grant from the Knight Foundation, was won in a contest "to foster blogs and other digital efforts that seek to bring together residents of a city or town in ways that local newspapers historically have done." The founders planned to "develop new technologies and practices to help newspapers attract readers as a greater number of Americans use the Internet as their primary news source." It expanded in 2011. Staffed by academic, technical, and professional staff, the Center was originally led by Christopher Csikszentmihályi, along with the Media Lab's Mitchel Resnick and Comparative Media Studies' Henry Jenkins. Ethan Zuckerman was announced as the Center's new director in June 2011. Others affiliated with the center include Sasha Costanza-Chock, Benjamin Mako Hill, William Uricchio, Jing Wang, Joy Buolamwini, and Jeffrey Warren. In August, 2019, Zuckerman announced his intention to leave MIT, motivated by the Media Lab's ties to Jeffrey Epstein. The Center for Civic Media closed down at the end of August, 2020. Research and development The Center creates tools for deployment and testing in geographic communities. Like the Media Lab, the work is iterative, experimental, and draws in large part on the work of current graduate students. But unlike much other work at the Media Lab, Center tools are expected to have immediate applications, even if narrowly focused on a specific community's need. With varying levels of adoption, deployed civic media tools and communities have included: Grassroots Mapping (Gulf of Mexico oil spill; the Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, Superfund site), a collection of cartographic tools and practices—such as best practices for using balloons, kites, inexpensive cameras, and open-source software—for citizens to produce their own aerial imagery. Grassroots Mapping grew into the larger Public Lab, which won a $500,000 Knight News Challenge grant for its work. Lost in Boston: Realtime (Boston, MA; South Wood County, WI, under the name Sameboat), displays local information in shared areas at low cost, such as using LED screens to display live bus arrival data in places people prefer to be, such as stores or coffeeshops near bus stops rather than at bus stops themselves. Sourcemap, which maps supply chains of consumer goods. Between the Bars, a blogging platform for prisoners Crónicas de Héroes/Hero Reports, a method for reporting small acts of civic heroism. (Utilized in Juárez, Mexico, and elsewhere) People's Bot (telepresence robot) References Further reading Schmitt, D.A. "Center for Future Civic Media." CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries Apr. 2009: 1490+. Active citizenship Massachusetts Institute of Technology research institutes Citizen media 2007 establishments in Massachusetts Community organizations MIT Media Lab
Helplessness Blues is the second studio album by American band Fleet Foxes, released on May 3, 2011, by Sub Pop and Bella Union. The album received universal acclaim from critics, going on to be nominated for Best Folk Album at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. The release peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200, the band's highest position on the chart to date. To support the album, the Fleet Foxes embarked on a worldwide Helplessness Blues Tour. Helplessness Blues is the band's first studio album to feature bass guitarist Christian Wargo and multi-instrumentalist Morgan Henderson. It is also the only Fleet Foxes album to feature drummer and backing vocalist Josh Tillman, who left the band in 2012 to pursue his solo career under the name Father John Misty. Recording Robin Pecknold had initially hoped that the Fleet Foxes could’ve released their second album in 2009; however, the band's touring schedule had caused them some setbacks. They got together to rehearse new songs in February 2009 in a rented house outside Seattle, but the sessions were mostly scrapped, costing the band $60,000 of their own money. After their tour in support of the 2008 releases ended, Pecknold mentioned the possibility of starting to record new songs, but Josh Tillman, Fleet Foxes' drummer and co-song arranger, was scheduled to play Europe and North America all along the 2009-10 winter as part of his solo musical act. Added to this, Phil Ek, the band's producer and friend answered in an interview that he was likely to continue as the producer as Robin had already sent him some demos to start listening to. In an interview with Pitchfork Media, Pecknold stated he expected the album to be released sometime in the second half of 2010. In an interview with Rolling Stone Magazine, Pecknold admitted that his girlfriend of five years found the stress this album placed on their relationship too much, and ended things. Upon hearing the completed album, she realized that Pecknold's efforts were worth it, and they tried to work it out. The couple has since split up. Pecknold has come out saying for their second album he tried to sound "less poppy, less upbeat and more groove-based". Taking inspiration from Roy Harper's folk album Stormcock, or at least its 12-string guitar he said: "That will be the primary sonic distancing from the last record". Added to this, he stated they wanted to record very quickly, saying he wanted to do the "vocal takes in one go, so even if there are fuck-ups, I want them to be on there. I want there to be guitar mistakes. I want there to be not totally flawless vocals. I want to record it and have that kind of cohesive sound. Van Morrison's Astral Weeks, to me, is the best-sounding album because it sounds like there were only six hours in the universe for that album to be recorded in. So I want it to have that feeling." The band had recorded since April 2010 in different locations (including West Hurley, New York) after two years of writing material and decided to scrap the earlier idea of a fast recording (though according to the band, the vocal takes so far have all been done in one take, perhaps in line with the original imperfect recording idea). Release The album cover was illustrated by a Seattle artist Toby Liebowitz and painted by artist Christopher Anderson. The title track, "Helplessness Blues" was released via free download on January 31, 2011, and the album's fourth track, "Battery Kinzie" premiered on Zane Lowe's show on March 22. Their record label, Sub Pop, also released a downloadable music video made up of recording and other miscellaneous footage set to "Grown Ocean" on its site in support of the album. For Record Store Day on April 16, the band released a 12" double A-side single of the title track backed with "Grown Ocean" in the US and with "Battery Kinzie" in Europe. On November 1, the video for "The Shrine / An Argument" was released via Sub Pop's YouTube account and Sean Pecknold's Vimeo account. Composition On Helplessness Blues, Fleet Foxes take on indie folk, chamber pop, and "meticulous, expansive" folk rock. It also sees them craft a baroque folk-pop style. Their debut's Americana is also exchanged for a bigger psychedelic folk influence, particularly the kind from 1960s-era Britain. Critical reception Helplessness Blues received widespread critical acclaim from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 85 based on 42 reviews, which indicates "universal acclaim". Larry Fitzmaurice of Pitchfork wrote that the album's "analytical and inquisitive nature never tips into self-indulgence" and that "amidst the chaos, the record showcases the band's expanded range and successful risk-taking, while retaining what so many people fell in love with about the group in the first place." Chris Martins of The A.V. Club praised the album's "sophisticated, truth-seeking songs", while Alexis Petridis of The Guardian called it "almost laughably beautiful." Andy Gill, writing in The Independent, felt that Fleet Foxes "manage to make giant strides creatively without jettisoning their core sound." Robert Christgau, who was dismissive of the band's previous releases, gave the album a one-star honorable mention, indicating "a worthy effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well like," and declared it "darker and more socially conscious than either their escapist admirers or their ideological detractors are equipped to notice." The album was nominated for Best Folk Album at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. Accolades Track listing Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Musicians Fleet Foxes Robin Pecknold – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, piano, fiddle, mandolin, hammer dulcimer, harmonium, Moog, lever harp, Prophet Skyler Skjelset – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, mandolin, water harp Casey Wescott – piano, pump organ, Marxophone, music box, Crumar bass, Moog, Tremoloa, Tibetan singing bowls, harmonium, harpsichord, Mellotron, additional vocal harmony arrangements Josh Tillman – vocals, drum kit, percussion Christian Wargo – vocals, electric bass guitar Morgan Henderson – upright bass, woodwinds Additional musicians Alina To – violin on "Bedouin Dress" and "The Shrine / An Argument" Bill Patton – pedal and lap steel guitar on "Grown Ocean" Hanna Benn – string arrangement assistance on "Bedouin Dress" Recording Phil Ek – co-producer, engineer, mixing Greg Calbi – mastering at Sterling Sound Adam Armstrong – recording assistant Trevor Spencer – recording assistant Jonny Mendoza – recording assistant Cathy Ferrante – recording assistant Jay Follette – recording assistant Brian Kornfeld – recording assistant Davey Brozowski – recording assistant Studios Reciprocal Recording – Seattle, Washington January to December 2010 Dreamland Studios – West Hurley, New York Twelve days in April 2010 Bear Creek Studios – Woodinville, Washington Ten days in July 2010 Avast Recording – Seattle, Washington Four weeks mixing and recording, Fall 2010 Loud noises recorded at the Fort Worden water cistern Art Toby Liebowitz – cover mind-map illustration Chris Alderson – color Sean Pecknold – photo collage, design, all photography Olivia Park-Sargent – sunburst painting Robin Pecknold – type design Dusty Summers – design Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References External links "Grown Ocean" music video on YouTube "The Shrine / An Argument" music video on YouTube Fleet Foxes albums 2011 albums Albums produced by Phil Ek Bella Union albums Sub Pop albums Albums recorded at Bear Creek Studio
Noé (Noah) was the last opera of the composer Fromental Halévy. The opera's libretto is by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges, who had written the book for the composer's first opera to reach performance, L'artisan (1827). Noé is based on the biblical story of Noah. Halévy worked on the opera during his last years (1858–1862), but left it unfinished after the Paris Opéra, which had scheduled it for the 1860 season, decided to postpone it after seeing the score of the first four acts. It was eventually completed by Halévy's son-in-law, Georges Bizet, who however was unable to persuade any theatre to put it on. Eventually it was premiered in Karlsruhe in 1885, ten years after Bizet's own death. It is sometimes known by the title suggested by Bizet, Le déluge (The Flood). External links Revival of Noé, at Compiègne, 2004. A DVD was produced from this performance. Operas by Fromental Halévy Operas by Georges Bizet 1885 operas Operas French-language operas Unfinished operas Operas completed by others Operas based on the Bible Noah's Ark in popular culture
Camonea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. Its native range is Tropics and Subtropics. Species: Camonea bambusetorum Camonea kingii Camonea pilosa Camonea umbellata Camonea vitifolia References Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae genera
69 Herculis is a binary star system in the northern constellation Hercules. It has the Bayer designation e Herculis, while 69 Herculis is the Flamsteed designation. This object is visible to the naked eye as a faint, white-hued star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.63. The distance to this system can be estimated from parallax measurements, which yields a range of 175 light years. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −10 km/s. The magnitude 4.66 primary, designated component A, is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A2V. It is 155 million years old with 2.12 times the mass of the Sun. The star is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 155 km/s, which is creating an equatorial bulge that is 5% larger than the star's polar radius. It is about 2.2 times the size of the Sun and is radiating 37 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,141 K. The secondary, component B, is magnitude 8.68 star with an angular separation of from the primary, as of 2008. X-ray emission has been detected from this system. As A-type stars are not expected to be X-ray sources, this emission is most likely coming from the companion. References A-type main-sequence stars Binary stars Hercules (constellation) Herculis, e Durchmusterung objects Herculis, 069 156729 084606 6436
Papatoetoe is a suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the largest suburb in Auckland by population and is located to the northwest of Manukau Central, and 18 kilometres southeast of Auckland CBD. Papatoetoe was traditionally an important area for Tāmaki Māori, who used a waka portage between the Tāmaki River and Waokauri Creek to reach the Manukau Harbour, as an alternative to the Ōtāhuhu portage to the north. The area developed as a farming community in the 19th century, and grew significantly in the 1950s and 1960s after the Auckland Southern Motorway was constructed. Papatoetoe is now known for its significant population of Indian New Zealanders. Etymology Papatoetoe means "grounds where toetoe grows", referring to species of Austroderia grasses that traditionally grew in the area. The name Papatoetoe was first used by English settlers from the 1850s onwards. The spelling Papatoitoi was common in English in the 19th Century, and was gradually replaced with Papatoetoe after the local post office began using this spelling. Geology Papatoetoe is low-lying flat area in South Auckland, located south of the Auckland isthmus and east of the Māngere peninsula. Some features of the Auckland volcanic field can be found around Papatoetoe, including Kohuora, a tuff ring that erupted an estimated 34,000 years ago, becoming a wetland after the crater gradually filled with water and sediment, and Crater Hill, which erupted an estimated 30,000 years ago. The low-lying volcanic features of South Auckland were collectively known by the name Nga Tapuwae a Mataoho ("The Sacred Footprints of Mataoho") to Tāmaki Māori peoples, referring to the deity who was involved in their creation. Papatoetoe is a flat area between the catchments of the Manukau Harbour in the west and the Tāmaki River to the north-east. Major waterways in the area include the Waokauri Creek, the Puhinui Creek to the south, and the north-flowing Tāmaki River and Ōtara Creek. The area was forested before human occupation, and by the 1840s was covered in a mix of fern and scrub, including plants such as kānuka, mānuka and toetoe. History Māori history The first evidence of Tāmaki Māori in the coastal Manukau Harbour area comes from the 14th century, with evidence of the first settlements later in the 15th century. Papatoetoe formed an important part of the Waokauri / Pūkaki portage, connecting the Manukau Harbour and Tāmaki River, and was often used by Tāmaki Māori to avoid the Te Tō Waka and Karetu portages, controlled by the people who lived at Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond. Papatoetoe is within the traditional rohe of Waiohua, including the modern Tainui/Waiohua iwi Te Ākitai Waiohua. A Te Ākitai whakatauki (proverb) defines the boundaries of Papatoetoe: Compared to other parts of Tāmaki Makaurau (the Auckland Region), there are few fortified pā sites in Papatoetoe due to the flat land. There is one known pā in the Papatoetoe area, at Cemetery Crater (Hillside South Park). The pā is known by the name Te Pā-o-te-tū-tahi-atu, a name that describes the pā as temporary, due to the surrounding flat landscape not being ideal for fortifications. The Waokauri / Pūkaki portage was actively used during the early colonial era until the 1860s, as a way to transport goods to Papatoetoe. Colonial era In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero and Turia of Ngāti Te Rau, covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura. The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale. Fairburn was criticised for the sheer size of the purchase, and in 1842 the Crown significantly reduced the size of his land holdings, and the Crown partitioned much of the land for European settlers. In April 1851, the Tāmaki Bridge was constructed along the Great South Road, spurring growth in the Papatoetoe area. In 1855 the road was metalled, and coach services to Auckland began in 1857 when the road reached as far south as Drury. European settlers began settling in the area from the 1850s, primarily Scottish and Irish Presbyterians. The area was sparsely populated, featuring large country houses such as Hillside, Puhi Nui and Papahinu. The first St Johns Presbyterian Church was built in 1855 (later replaced by wooden Gothic and brick churches). In 1861, Governor George Grey ordered the construction of the Great South Road further into the Waikato, to improve supply lines through swampy and thickly forested country, prior to the Invasion of the Waikato. On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for the south. During this time, the Te Ākitai Waiohua rangatira Ihaka Takanini was arrested and died on Rakino Island. After the war, the Crown confiscated 1.2 million acres of Māori land around the Waikato, including Waiohua land in South Auckland. The first local government in the area was the Papatoitoi Highway District, which was defined in 1865 and began meeting from in 1868. In 1875, the Papatoetoe railway station opened, connecting Papatoetoe to Auckland in the north. The new township began developing around the railway station, and by the 1880s dairy farming had become popular in the area. Suburban growth Housing estates began developing in Papatoetoe in the early 1900s, primarily to the east of the railway station. These included the Kolmar Estate (1903), Central Estate (1912), the Ideal Estate (1913), Llanforda Estate (1913), Station Estate (1913), and the Green Park Estate (1914). By 1911, the population of Papatoetoe had doubled to 400 people. In March 1912, a temporary military camp was established for the 3rd (Auckland) Regiment at Puhinui. In 1918, a public hall was constructed for Papatoetoe, and in the following year growth in the area meant that Papatoetoe became a town district. Papatoetoe became one of the fastest growing areas of Auckland in the 1920s, and a second commercial area began to develop in Papatoetoe, at the motor bus service terminus on Great South Road, near the Hunter's tearooms, which developed into Hunters Corner. During the Great Depression, growth slowed in Papatoetoe, and the area became known for poultry farming. In 1929, the Waitemata Brewery opened near Papatoetoe, operated by the Dominion Brewery. During World War II, the Cambria Park estate was requisitioned by the Public Works Department, who constructed a military camp for 6,000 troops from the United States Army. Middlemore Hospital opened in 1947, intended as a temporary military hospital, later becoming permanent. Papatoetoe grew large enough to become a borough in 1946. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Māori Affairs Department of the New Zealand Government encouraged growth in the Papatoetoe area, leading to an influx of Urban Māori moving from rural areas of the country. The development of the Auckland Southern Motorway led to an explosion in the population of Papatoetoe, with the population increasing four times in the post-World War II period. The motorway opened between Ellerslie and Redoubt Road in 1955. In 1958, the first modern supermarket in New Zealand was opened in Papatoetoe, by Tom Ah Chee, Norm Kent and John Brown, and in 1962 Nestlé opened a factory at Cambria Park in Papatoetoe, becoming a major employer in the area. Papatoetoe became a city in 1965, and was amalgamated into Manukau City in 1989. In 1991, the Hunters Plaza mall was opened. Population growth had mostly ceased and remained stagnant throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, however a significant increase in population occurred after 2006 due to high rates of immigration and changes to the Auckland Unitary Plan allowing more intensive infill housing on large sections. Papatoetoe has the unofficial title of Auckland's Little India, with 40 percent of the suburb's population being of Indian ethnicity according to the 2018 census. Papatoetoe is the only suburb in South Auckland where Māori/Pacific Islanders do not form the majority of the suburb's population, and is one of the most rapidly gentrifying suburbs in Auckland. Local government The first local government in the area was the Papatoitoi Highway District, which was defined in 1865. This was succeeded by the Papatoetoe Town Board in 1919. In 1946, population growth led to Papatoetoe becoming a borough, and by 1965 Papatoetoe became a city. With the local government reforms of 1989, Papatoetoe was amalgamated into the Manukau City. In November 2010, all cities and districts of the Auckland Region were amalgamated into a single body, governed by the Auckland Council. The old Papatoetoe City Council building is at 91 Cambridge Terrace, Papatoetoe. Papatoetoe is a part of the Ōtara-Papatoetoe local board, who elect members to the Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board, as well as two Manukau ward councillors who sit on the Auckland Council. List of mayors Demographics Papatoetoe covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Papatoetoe had a population of 43,599 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 5,361 people (14.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 9,411 people (27.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 11,469 households, comprising 22,248 males and 21,354 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female, with 9,288 people (21.3%) aged under 15 years, 12,051 (27.6%) aged 15 to 29, 18,405 (42.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 3,852 (8.8%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 19.8% European/Pākehā, 12.7% Māori, 29.1% Pacific peoples, 50.1% Asian, and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 51.6, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 17.9% had no religion, 36.4% were Christian, 1.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 18.2% were Hindu, 6.4% were Muslim, 2.3% were Buddhist and 12.5% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 6,060 (17.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 6,120 (17.8%) people had no formal qualifications. 2,910 people (8.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 17,913 (52.2%) people were employed full-time, 4,278 (12.5%) were part-time, and 1,593 (4.6%) were unemployed. Economy Papatoetoe Town Centre In early 2009 planning began to revitalise the town centre in the St. George Street area. The plan envisaged new apartment buildings and nearby sports facilities bringing more business to the area, which had struggled due to competition from shopping malls. Hunter's Corner Hunter's Corner has become a popular shopping area for shoppers of Indian origin. Hunter's Corner accounts for 60 retail outlets of which about 40 have some form of Indian flavour. Hunter's Corner used to be a notorious area for prostitution in the early 2000s due to it being relatively safer compared to similar town centres in South Auckland, however prostitution has largely disappeared in recent times after strong opposition from local residents. Hunters Plaza The Hunters Plaza shopping mall opened in 1991 and was upgraded in 2015. It features 47 stores, including Kmart and Countdown. Transport Papatoetoe contains two train stations within the suburban limits. These include the Papatoetoe railway station situated in Old Papatoetoe and nearby Puhinui railway station situated in Puhinui Road. Both the Eastern Line and the Southern Line services both train stations. During peak times there is a train approximately every 5 minutes heading towards Britomart. It takes approximately 30 minutes from Papatoetoe railway station into Britomart. The Puhinui Station Interchange was upgraded in July 2021 to provide a rapid transit network to Auckland Airport, as well as forming a connection with Manukau. It takes approximately 10–12 minutes from Puhinui Station to Auckland Airport. Auckland Southern Motorway and Southwestern Motorway connect Papatoetoe with Auckland City and Manukau. Southwestern Motorway interchanges are on Puhinui Road to the south and Massey Road in Māngere East to the north. The Southern Motorway interchange is on East Tamaki Road. Sports Association football Papatoetoe is home to Papatoetoe AFC who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1A. Papatoetoe is home to Papatoetoe United who play from the sports complex on Great South Road and are affiliated with Auckland Football Federation. Cricket Papatoetoe is home to the Papatoetoe Cricket Club who play in the Auckland Cricket Championship. Rugby league Papatoetoe is home to the Papatoetoe Panthers who are affiliated with the Auckland Rugby League. Rugby union Papatoetoe Rugby Football Club was established in 1946 and plays home matches at the Papatoetoe Sport Complex on Great South Road. Tennis Papatoetoe is home to two tennis clubs, Papatoetoe Tennis Club located at Papatoetoe Sports Complex and Sunnyside Tennis Club located in the Sunnyside Domain. Both clubs are affiliated to Auckland Tennis. Sunnyside Tennis Club was formed originally as Puhunui Tennis Club in 1955. Education Primary education Papatoetoe has five primary schools in its zone: Holy Cross School is a Catholic full primary school (years 1–8) integrated with the state system. Founded in 1953, it has a roll of . Papatoetoe Central School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6) with a roll of . Founded in 1857, the school moved to its current site in 1872. Papatoetoe East School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6). It was established in 1958 and currently has a roll of . Papatoetoe South School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6). It has a roll of . Papatoetoe West School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6) which opened in 1949. It has a roll of . In addition, Papatoetoe North School, Puhinui School and South Auckland Seventh-day Adventist School could be considered to be in Papatoetoe. Papatoetoe has one intermediate school: Papatoetoe Intermediate School is a state school for years 7–8 with a roll of . Kedgley Intermediate is on the boundary of the Papatoetoe area. Secondary education Papatoetoe has two secondary schools: Papatoetoe High School.is a state secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of . Aorere College.is a state secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of . All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of Papatoetoe Historical Society Papatoetoe Historical Society was established in 1988 with the aim to gather the historical artifacts and information from the Papatoetoe district. The collection held includes a collation of information on Local Body members, schools as they developed, the origin and meaning of street names, women of the district (book available), people of the surrounding farming district, newspaper cuttings and information on local organisations. The society has also developed an archive collection which includes photographs, books, booklets, plans and posters. These collections can be viewed at the Papatoetoe Historical Society museum, currently being set up at the Papatoetoe Chambers, 35 St George St, Papatoetoe following its relocation from The Depot . In 2012, Papatoetoe celebrated 150 years of civic life. The Papatoetoe 150 was initiated by the Papatoetoe Historical society to increase awareness of history and promote community organisations. Notable people Douglas Al-Bazi, refugee from Iraq Len Brown - Former Mayor of Auckland Barry Crump – Author, poet David Dallas – Hip Hop Artist Dillon Boucher - NZ Basketball Player, lived in Papatoetoe and went to Papatoetoe High School Ricki Herbert – Soccer player – Played National Level for the All Whites and is their current coach. Also played for New Zealand in Soccer World Cup Finals 1982 Phil Goff – Mayor of Auckland, Former Labour Party Leader, Foreign and Defence Minister, lived in Papatoetoe and attended Papatoetoe High School Mike King - Mental Health Advocate Kyle Jamieson - NZ Cricketer, lived in Papatoetoe Keven Mealamu - Former All Black. Lived in Papatoetoe and attended Aorere College Trevor Meale – Cricketer David Shearer - Former Labour Party Leader, lived in Papatoetoe and attended Papatoetoe High School Ish Sodhi - NZ Cricketer, lived in Papatoetoe and attended Papatoetoe High School Tyree Tautogia – Part of highly successful rap group Smashproof Gary Troup – Played club cricket in Papatoetoe going on to represent New Zealand 1976 – 1986 Heather Matthews (née Thompson) – Silver Medalist 1978 Commonwealth Games (3000 m). MBE – Services To Sport, Papatoetoe Sports Person of the Year. Dei Hamo - Musician, attended Aorere College, referenced Papatoe in his top charting track We Gon' Ride. Attractions Murals in Old Papatoetoe "Picnic Scene" by Ron van Dam (near Wallace Road corner) "Papatoetoe General Store" by Christine Trout (Papatoetoe Mall) "Bottle O" by Christine Trout (Papatoetoe Mall) "Cameos" by Claudia Pond-Eyley (near Town Hall) "Old Papatoetoe Logo" by Ron van Dam (near Shirley Road) "St George St – 1930" by Merv Appleton (Rangitoto Road) Historical cemeteries at Manukau Memorial Gardens and St John's Presbyterian Church. Historic landmarks including Old Railway Station Cambria House and associated historic gardens (Puhinui Road) Old Children's home (now in Wyllie Road) References Bibliography External links Photographs of Papatoetoe held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections. Photographs of Papatoetoe held at Auckland War Memorial Museum collections. Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board Area Populated places on the Tāmaki River Suburbs of Auckland
Johannes Luukkanen (born 30 March 1999) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays for FC Ilves, as a goalkeeper. References 1999 births Living people Finnish men's footballers Klubi 04 players Ilves (football) players Veikkausliiga players Men's association football goalkeepers
Alfred M. G. Smairl (born 16 January 1907) was a rugby union player who represented Australia. Smairl, a wing, was born in Paddington, New South Wales, and earned three international rugby caps for Australia. References Australian rugby union players Australia international rugby union players 1907 births Year of death missing Rugby union players from Sydney Rugby union wings
Martina Biolo (born 12 January 1996) is an Italian professional racing cyclist. She rides for the Aromitalia Vaiano team. See also List of 2015 UCI Women's Teams and riders References External links 1996 births Living people Italian female cyclists Place of birth missing (living people) People from Somma Lombardo Cyclists from the Province of Varese
Besides architecture, the Gothic Revival also manifested in furniture, metalworks, ceramics and other decorative arts during the 19th century. In France, it was the first reaction against the hegemony of Neoclassicism. At the end of the Restoration (1814–1830) and during the Louis-Philippe period (1830-1848), Gothic Revival motifs start to appear in France, together with revivals of the Renaissance and of Rococo. During these two periods, the vogue for medieval things led craftsmen to adopt Gothic decorative motifs in their work, such as bell turrets, lancet arches, trefoils, Gothic tracery and rose windows. This style was also as "Cathedral style" ("À la catédrale") or "Troubadour style" ("style troubadour"). For a long time, it was believed that romanticism was the cause of the return to the Gothic style in French decorative arts and that it was appropriate to look for its origin there. This is actually much further away. At the time of the French Revolution, an archaeologist, Alexandre Lenoir, was appointed curator of the Petits-Augustins depot, where sculptures, statues and tombs removed from churches, abbeys and convents had been transported. Lenoir organized the Museum of French Monuments (1795-1816). He was the first to restore the taste for the works of the Middle Ages, which progressed slowly to flourish a quarter of a century later. In fact, romanticism only spread to the public the themes dear to archaeologists. Gallery See also Gothic Revival architecture Gothic literature Historicism (art) Notes Decorative arts Visual arts genres Interior design

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