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The Habeas Corpus Act 1679 is an Act of Parliament in England (31 Cha. 2. c. 2) during the reign of King Charles II. It was passed by what became known as the Habeas Corpus Parliament to define and strengthen the ancient prerogative writ of habeas corpus, which required a court to examine the lawfulness of a prisoner's detention and thus prevent unlawful or arbitrary imprisonment. Earlier and subsequent history The Act is often wrongly described as the origin of the writ of habeas corpus. But the writ of habeas corpus had existed in various forms in England for at least five centuries before and is thought to have originated in the Assize of Clarendon of 1166. It was guaranteed, but not created, by Magna Carta in 1215, whose article 39 reads (translated from Latin): "No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor will we send upon him except upon the lawful judgement of his peers or the law of the land." The Act of 1679 followed an earlier Habeas Corpus Act 1640, which established that the command of the King or the Privy Council was no answer to a petition of habeas corpus. Further Habeas Corpus Acts were passed by the British Parliament in 1803, 1804, 1816, and 1862, but it is the Act of 1679 which is remembered as one of the most important statutes in English constitutional history. Though amended, it remains on the statute book to this day. Content In criminal matters other than treason and felonies (a distinction which no longer exists), the act gave prisoners or third parties acting on their behalf the right to challenge their detention by demanding from the Lord Chancellor, Justices of the King's Bench, and the Barons of the Exchequer of the jurisdiction a judicial review of their imprisonment. The act laid out certain temporal and geographical conditions under which prisoners had to be brought before the courts. Jailors were forbidden to move prisoners from one prison to another or out of the country to evade the writ. In case of disobedience jailers would be punished with severe fines which had to be paid to the prisoner. Parliamentary history The Act came about because the Earl of Shaftesbury encouraged his friends in the Commons to introduce the Bill where it passed and was then sent up to the House of Lords. Shaftesbury was the leading Exclusionist—those who wanted to exclude Charles II's brother James, Duke of York from the succession—and the Bill was a part of that struggle as they believed James would rule arbitrarily. The Lords decided to add many wrecking amendments to the Bill in an attempt to kill it; the Commons had no choice but to pass the Bill with the Lords' amendments because they learned that the King would soon end the current parliamentary session. A popular but likely untrue anecdote holds claims that the Act only passed because the votes in favour were miscounted as a joke. When a parliamentary house votes on legislation, each side—those voting for and against—appoints a teller who stands on each side of a door through which those Lords who vote "aye" re-enter the House (the "nays" remain seated). One teller counts aloud whilst the other teller listens and keeps watch to verify the count. Of the Habeas Corpus Act count, Gilbert Burnet wrote,Lord Grey and Lord Norris were named to be the tellers: Lord Norris, being a man subject to vapours, was not at all times attentive to what he was doing: so, a very fat lord coming in, Lord Grey counted him as ten, as a jest at first: but seeing Lord Norris had not observed it, he went on with this misreckoning of ten: so it was reported that they that were for the Bill were in the majority, though indeed it went for the other side: and by this means the Bill passed.In the words of historian Helen Nutting, this miscount story is "highly improbable". Proponents of the story cite as supporting evidence a discrepancy between the vote total and the attendance count in the parliamentary minutes: the clerk recorded in the minutes of the Lords that the "ayes" had fifty-seven and the "nays" had fifty-five, a total of 112, but the same minutes also state that only 107 Lords had attended that sitting. However, the attendance counts in the minute book were frequently inaccurate, and the attendance count is off by five rather than nine, undermining rather than supporting Burnet's reminiscence. According to Nutting, had the vote been miscounted, James would almost certainly have "taken advantage of a real miscount to overturn the act", since he opposed it. King Charles II assented to the Act in 1679 since, Nutting explains, "it was no longer controversial". The Act is now stored in the Parliamentary Archives. Application in New Zealand The Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the later acts of 1803, 1804, 1816 and 1862 were reprinted in New Zealand as Imperial Acts in force in New Zealand in 1881. The 1679 act, along with the 1640 and 1816 acts, was retained in New Zealand law by the Imperial Laws Application Act 1988. They were later repealed and replaced by the Habeas Corpus Act 2001. See also Magna Carta Petition of Right Bill of Rights Notes References External links Habeas Corpus Act The British Library The Parliamentary Archives holds the original of this historic record Full Habeas Corpus Act (U. of Chicago) Full Habeas Corpus Act with link to source Other Habeas Corpus materials (U. of Chicago) (Partial) Text of the 1679 Habeas Corpus Act Images of the original act from the Parliamentary Archives Acts of the Parliament of England Acts of the Parliament of England still in force 1679 in law Constitutional laws of England 1679 in England Habeas corpus Civil rights and liberties legislation Civil rights and liberties in the United Kingdom
Marshaar (, also Romanized as Marshāʿar) is a village in Posht Tang Rural District, in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 5 families. References Populated places in Sarpol-e Zahab County
Shyamlal Chaturvedi (1926 – 7December2018) was a journalist and poet from the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. He was conferred the Padma Shri civilian honour in the field of literature and education, in the year 2018. Early life Chaturvedi was born in Kotumi village in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh. Education Chaturvedi earned a Master's degree through private coaching. Career Chaturvedi was a representative of the Navbharat Times and Jansatta, and worked with various other newspapers in Bilaspur district. Later, he became the firstchairperson of the Chhattisgarh Rajbhasha Commission. In a career spanning seven decades, he contributed to folk literature with various creative work, among them Bholwa Bholaram Banis and Parra Bar Lahee were most popular. On the occasion of Rajyotsav in 2004, Chaturvedi was given the Pandit Sundarlal Sharma Rajya Alankaran honour. He was conferred the Padma Shri civilian honour in the field of literature and education, in the year 2018. Death Chaturvedi died of old age on 7December2018. References 1920 births 2018 deaths 20th-century Indian journalists 21st-century Indian journalists Indian male journalists Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
Georgios Sideras (; born 30 May 2002) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Super League club Panathinaikos. Career statistics Honours Panathinaikos Greek Cup: 2021–22 References 2002 births Living people Greek men's footballers Super League Greece players Super League Greece 2 players Panathinaikos F.C. players Panathinaikos F.C. B players Men's association football defenders Footballers from Agrinio c
Majid, Majed (also: Maajed or Maged or Magid or Majiet) (, ) is a masculine Arabic given name, which may also appear as the surname Majid. Origin and spelling The name Majid or Majed in Arabic means Noble or Glorious or Magnificent, and can also mean Honor or Generosity. In general, Majid in Arabic is something abundant. In English, it can be spelled Majid or Majed. The name Majid is often mistakenly confused with Majeed, which is a different name. Variant spellings In Arabic: (Majid), (Majdddd), (Magid) In English: Majed, Majid, Maajed In Turkish: Macit, Majid In Ottoman Turkish: (Majed) In Persian: (Majed), (Majid) In Russian: Маджид (Madzhid) or (Majed) In Bashkir: Мәжит (Majit) In Janalif: Məƶit In French: Madjid, Majid In German: Majid or Madschid In Korean: 마지드 (Majideu) In Japanese: マジッド (Majiddo) In Chinese: 马吉德 (Mǎjídé) In Spanish: Majid In Hebrew: מג'יד (Majid) In Italian: Majid People Majed Moqed (1977-2001), Saudi hijacker of American Airlines Flight 77 Majid Arslan (1908—1983), Lebanese politician Majid Jordan, Canadian R&B duo Majid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1938–2003), Saudi royal See also Majid (disambiguation) Arabic-language masculine given names Turkish masculine given names Masculine given names
The 1975 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The Tar Heels were led by ninth-year head coach Bill Dooley and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in sixth. Schedule References North Carolina North Carolina Tar Heels football seasons North Carolina Tar Heels football
Ratanpar is a Town/Residential Area in the Surendranagar City of the Indian state of Gujarat. Ratanpar's Postal Index Number code is 363020 and the postal head office is Surendranagar. References Villages in Surendranagar district
Upper Ray Meadows is a 181-hectare nature reserve, managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust, south of Marsh Gibbon in Buckinghamshire. It is composed of a number of areas, one of which, Long Herdon Meadow, is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. The site consists of meadows on the floodplain of the River Ray, and it is a stronghold for rare species because heavy clay soils and frequent flooding makes arable farming difficult. The meadows are managed by traditional farming methods, and areas of medieval ridge and furrow still survive. In the summer, drier areas have displays of wild flowers such as black knapweed, meadowsweet and tufted vetch. The site supports a small breeding population of lapwings and curlews, and the Trust has created many new ponds and ditches to assist birds and invertebrates. Gallows Bridge Farm, which only has access to bird hides, is accessed from The Broadway. The Bernwood Jubilee Way between Marsh Gibbon and the A41 road runs along eastern boundary of Long Herdon Meadow, and there is an entrance where the footpath crosses the River Ray. Grange Meadow is accessed from Long Herdon Meadow. Bernwood Jubilee Way crosses the A41 and goes through Leaches Farm. References Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust Meadows in Buckinghamshire
Kosa Pan (; 1633 – 15 November 1699) was a Siamese diplomat and minister who led the second Siamese embassy to France sent by King Narai in 1686. He was preceded to France by the first Siamese embassy to France, which had been composed of two Siamese ambassadors and Father Bénigne Vachet, who had left Siam for France on January 5, 1684. Family Through his father, Pan was allegedly a descendant of Phraya Kiarti, a Mon noble who sided with Naresuan during the fourth Burmese-Siamese War, as well as being either a grandnephew or a grandson of King Ekathotsarot. Pan was a great-great-grandfather of King Rama I, the founder of the Chakri Dynasty. His older brother, Lek (เหล็ก), held the post of foreign minister before him. Early life Pan was born to a Siamese woman Chao Mae Wat Dusit in Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1633. Chao was then a wet nurse for Phetracha in 1632, and later for Prince Narai. Pan was a kind of foster brother to them. Chao's connection, if any, with the then-reigning Sukhothai dynasty of the Ayutthaya Kingdom is unclear, with some speculating her to be a daughter or niece of King Ekathotsarot. Names Pan (; ) was his given name. As foreign minister, he was styled Chaophraya Kosathibodi (; ). He is colloquially called Kosa Pan (; ). He is also known by his former style as a first-class diplomat: Ok-phra Wisut Sunthon (; ). Contemporary French documents recorded his name as Ooc, Pravisoutsonthoon Raatchathoud (ออกพระวิสุทธสุนทร ราชทูต). His success in diplomatic negotiations earned him the epithet golden-tongued diplomat (). Embassy to France (1686) To accompany the return of the 1685 French embassy to Siam of Chevalier de Chaumont and François-Timoléon de Choisy, Pan was selected by Constantine Phaulkon, the Prime Counsellor to King Narai, to lead an embassy to France. Pan set out for France in 1686 on two French ships with two other Siamese ambassadors, Ok-luang Kanlaya Ratchamaitri and Ok-khun Si Wisan Wacha, and by the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard. The embassy was bringing a proposal for an eternal alliance between France and Siam. Pan's embassy was met with a rapturous reception and caused a sensation in the courts and society of Europe. The mission landed at Brest, France and journeyed to Versailles, constantly surrounded by crowds of curious onlookers. The embassy stayed in France from June 1686 to March 1687. 1688 Siamese revolution Upon his return to Siam, Pan was pressured to become a supporter of Phetracha's anti-French faction of dissatisfied nobles, who resented the power that the French held in Siam. The following revolution toppled Narai and ousted the French forces. Pan was sent to negotiate with their officials. He was appointed by Phetracha as his Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Pan was met in Siam in 1690 by the German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer. The naturalist noted "pictures of the Royal family of France and European maps" hanging "in the hall of his [Pan's] house": In 1699, Pan and Phetracha received a visit from the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard. The meeting was formal and did not produce any closer relations. Death Pan was later accused of having affinity to the French and loyalty to his former King, Narai. He was disgraced, and King Phetracha ordered his nose cut off. He reportedly committed suicide on 15 November 1699, according to the Dutch. His duties were taken over by Okya Maha Amath, one of the King's favorites. Pan is said to be the direct ancestor of King Rama I, founder of the present ruling dynasty of Thailand. See also France-Thailand relations Notes References Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2003) First Globalization: The Eurasian Exchange, 1500-1800 Rowman & Littlefield Smithies, Michael (1999), A Siamese embassy lost in Africa 1686, Silkworm Books, Bangkok, Smithies, Michael (2002), Three military accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok, Suarez, Thomas (1999) Early Mapping of Southeast Asia Tuttle Publishing External links E-books Ambassadors of Ayutthaya to France 17th-century diplomats 1633 births 1699 deaths Year of birth unknown Chaophraya Thai people of Mon descent Nobility of the Ayutthaya Kingdom
Andover Town Football Club is a football club based in Andover, Hampshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at the Portway Stadium. History The club was established by staff from Andover College and Sparsholt College in 2013 after Andover F.C. had disbanded; the two colleges approached Test Valley Borough Council about taking over Andover's Portway Stadium to use for their football academy programmes, with the aim of also forming a senior club. The club were elected to Division One of the Wessex League. During their first season they were involved in a Hampshire Senior Cup tie at Brockenhurst which finished 0–0 after extra time; in the subsequent penalty shootout, 29 consecutive penalties were scored, with Brockenhurst eventually winning 15–14. This was later confirmed by the Football Association as an English record (and possibly a world record) for the highest number of consecutive goals scored in a penalty shootout. At the end of the 2013–14 season Andover were Division One runners-up, earning promotion to the Premier Division. The following season saw them make their debut in the FA Vase, and in 2015–16 they played in the FA Cup for the first time. In 2017–18 the club were Premier Division runners-up, potentially earning promotion to Division One West of the Southern League. However, the club turned down promotion and were relegated to Division One of the Wessex League as punishment. Ground The club took over Andover F.C.'s Portway Stadium following a vote at Test Valley Borough Council in July 2013. The stadium had been built in 1989 at a cost of £850,000. A large stand with bench seating was built on one side of the pitch and slightly raise above it, with the other three sides left open. After being refurbished, the ground was reopened on 28 December 2013 for a match against Team Solent, with Andover winning 4–0 in front of a crowd of 161. Records Best FA Cup performance: First qualifying round, 2016–17 Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2016–17 Record attendance: 546 vs Salisbury, Wessex League Premier Division, 18 August 2015 Biggest win: 11–0 vs East Cowes Victoria Athletic, Wessex League Division One, 25 January 2014 Heaviest defeat: 6–0 vs Salisbury, Wessex League Premier Division, 2 February 2016 Most appearances: Alex Doctree, 130 Most goals: Michael Dixon, 52 See also Andover Town F.C. players References External links Official website Football clubs in England Football clubs in Hampshire Association football clubs established in 2013 Andover, Hampshire 2013 establishments in England University and college football clubs in England Wessex Football League
This is an incomplete list of books about al-Qaeda. Rubin, Barnett R.. The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: state formation and collapse in the international system. Pakistan, Yale University Press, 1995. Bibliographies on terrorism
Blind James Campbell (September 17, 1906 – January 22, 1981) was an American blues singer and guitarist. He is mostly remembered for his 1962–63 recording for the Arhoolie label with his Nashville Street Band. Biography James Campbell was born in Nashville, Tennessee, on September 17, 1906. He later became known as Blind James Campbell after an accident at a fertilizer plant left him permanently blinded. In 1936 he formed a band and began playing folk, country, pop, jazz and blues music at parties, dances and for other local events. The Nashville Street Band consisted of fiddler Beauford Clay (born 1900) who was a great influence on Campbell's playing, second guitarist Bell Ray (born 1909), bass horn player Ralph Robinson (born 1885), and trumpeter George Bell. Campbell and his band appeared to be quite content with the steady work they were receiving, and did not seem to have any desire to pursue a career in recording. However, Chris Strachwitz of Arhoolie Records became interested in the band after hearing a field recording of them made by a fellow blues fan, Donald Hill. Hill had recorded Campbell in the spring of 1959 and again in April 1961. Hill's recordings include Campbell singing country songs as well as blues. He also recorded Campbell and his string band on a street corner in downtown Nashville and recorded him with Beauford Clay. Both the original tapes and digital copies of Hill's recordings have been deposited at Library of Congress as a part of the Hill/Mangurian collection of field recordings made between 1958 and 1961. After listening to Hill's tapes, Strachwitz set off to Nashville to find and record Campbell and his band. After two recording sessions with Campbell and his band in 1962 and 1963, the Arhoolie LP Blind James Campbell And His Nashville Street Band (Arhoolie 1015) was released in 1963. While these recordings never propelled Campbell into prominence, and the history of James Campbell and his band since the 1963 recordings is hazy, Strachwitz revisited these recordings and released them on CD in 1995, along with additional tracks from both recording sessions. Certainly, these recordings show evidence of a street band of considerable skill and quality, who were able to play American music from a variety of genres. James Campbell died in Nashville, Tennessee, on January 22, 1981. Studio album Blind James Campbell And His Nashville Street Band (Arhoolie, 1963) References Strachwitz, Chris. (1995). Blind James Campbell and His Nashville Street Band. Audio CD (Liner notes). Arhoolie CD 438. External links Arhoolie Records Official site 1906 births 1981 deaths 20th-century African-American male singers American blues guitarists American male guitarists American blues singers Blind musicians Singers from Nashville, Tennessee 20th-century American guitarists African-American guitarists American blind people American musicians with disabilities
The 1978 Dutch TT was the sixth round of the 1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 22–24 June 1978 at the Circuit van Drenthe Assen. Classification 500 cc 350cc 250cc 125cc 50cc Sidecar classification References Dutch TT Dutch Tourist Trophy
XML-Data Reduced (XDR) is a discontinued schema language for specifying and validating XML documents. In January 1998, Microsoft, the University of Edinburgh and others submitted a proposal for an XML schema language called XML-Data to the World Wide Web Consortium. XML-Data Reduced was a subset of XML-Data, with some corrections and amendments submitted in July 1998. The XML Schema effort in the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) received several other proposals, and while the final result has some similarities to the XML-Data proposal, it is significantly different. XDR was implemented in SQL Server 2000 and BizTalk Server 2000. Once the XML Schema Definition was finalized in 2001, Microsoft products and tools added support for it, and XDR was gradually phased out. Microsoft XML Core Services provided XDR schema support from versions 2.0 up to—but not including—version 6.0. See also XML Schema Language Comparison - Comparison of other XML Schema languages (not XDR). List of XML Schemas - list of XML schemas in use on the Internet sorted by purpose External links XDR Schema Data Types Reference References XML
Bom Sucesso is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Paraíba References Municipalities in Paraíba
Trombidium susteri is a species of mite in the genus Trombidium in the family Trombidiidae. It is found in Germany and Romania. Name This species is named in honor of Dipterologist Petre Şuster (1896–1954). References Synopsis of the described Arachnida of the World: Trombidiidae Further reading (1956): Nouveaux acariens parasites des insectes nuisable appartenant au genre Phyllotreta. Trombidiidae Arachnids of Europe Animals described in 1956
Masoarivo is a town and commune () in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Belo sur Tsiribihina, which is a part of Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 3,000 in 2001 commune census. Only primary schooling is available. The majority 50% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 30% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are beans and chickpeas. Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 15% of the population. References and notes Populated places in Menabe
The following is the list of cities in Turkmenistan that underwent one or more name changes in the past. Years in parentheses indicate the year a name was changed. A question mark (?) indicates the date of name change is needed. Amul → Charjuy (?) → Leninsk (1924) → Charjuy = Charjou = Çärjew (1927) → Turkmenabat (1999) Askhabad → Poltoratsk (1919) → Ashgabat (1927) Bäherden → Baharly (2003) → Bäherden (2018) Bekdaş → Garabogaz (2002) Çarşaňňy → Köýtendag (1999) Çeleken → Hazar Çetili → Sakarçäge (?) Dargan-Ata → Birata (?) → Darganata (2017) Gazanjyk = Kazandzhik (1895) → Bereket (1999) Gowurdak → Magdanly (?) Gyzyl-arbat = Kizil-arvat → Serdar (1999) → Gyzylarbat (2022) Kalinin → Boldumsaz (1993) Ganlygala → Aleksandrov (~1890) → Kara Kala = Garrygala (~1924) → Magtymguly (2004) Kerki → Atamyrat (1999) → Kerki (2017) Kirovsk → Babadaýhan (1992) Shagadam → Kyzyl-Su → Krasnovodsk (1869) → Turkmenbashy (1993) Kushka = Guşgy (1885) → Serhetabat (1999) Neftedag (1933) → Nebit-dag (1946) → Balkanabat (2001) Neftezavodsk (1973) → Seýdi (1990) Okyabrsk → Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky (1993) Şehitli → Şatlyk (1971) Stalino (1940?) → Moskovskiy (1961) → Murgap (?) Täzä Bazar → imeni Andreyeva (1938) → Andreyevsk (194?) → Täzebazar (1957) → Nyýazow (1993) → Şabat (2022) Täzä-Gala → imeni Telmana (1938) → Telmansk (1949) → Gubadag (1993) Tejen State Farm → Bereket (~1993) → Altyn Asyr (2000) Yuzhnyy → Dostluk (?) Ýylanly → Gurbansoltan Eje (2004) → Andalyp (2022) References See also List of cities in Turkmenistan List of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan List of renamed cities in Kazakhstan List of renamed cities in Kyrgyzstan List of renamed cities in Tajikistan List of renamed cities in Uzbekistan Turkmenistan geography-related lists Populated places in Turkmenistan Renamed, Turkmenistan Turkmenistan, Renamed Turkmenistan
Club Athlétique de Saint-Étienne Loire Sud Rugby, CASE Loire Sud Rugby, or simply CASE, is a French rugby union club from Saint-Étienne in the Loire département. As of 2011, they were competing in Fédérale 1, having been relegated from Rugby Pro D2 at the end of the 2010–11 season. History The club was founded in 1908 under the name Stade Forézien Universitaire. They went through a difficult time in the 1960s, and had to merge with the CASE omnisport structure in 1975 at the request of the municipality. It did not help turn back the tide, however, and poor results and fewer and fewer licensed players forced the club to withdraw its senior team from all competitions in 1991. The next year, the club was restarted in 4ème Série, the lowest French rugby division, and was able to climb the ladder, gaining promotion to Fédérale 3 in 2004, one year after merging with the neighbouring club SEMUR and adopting its current name. In 2007, Saint-Etienne were promoted to Fédérale 2. A mere two years later, they finished 13th overall in the championship, with the top 12 clubs being promoted to Fédérale 1. However, Lombez-Samatan declined their promotion, sending Saint-Étienne to the top amateur division for the first time. For their first season in Fédérale 1, Saint-Étienne signed the coach Jean-Sébastien Bignat from Arras, and the international fullback Alexandre Péclier from Lyon. They had an impressive start with two away wins in their first two games, and on November 7, they took on Béziers in Andrézieux-Bouthéon's Stade Roger-Baudras. The 3,000 people in the stadium were not the only ones to witness the locals' 15–9 victory though, as the match was broadcast live on Eurosport, a first for a Fédérale 1 game. This run of good form allowed them to clinch the fourth place in their group and thus to qualify for the Trophée Jean Prat. In the second phase, they finished second behind Tyrosse and qualified for the Round of 16 where they faced Nice. They prevailed 19–18 thanks to a last-second drop-goal by Péclier and faced Chalon-sur-Saône, one of the favorites for promotion, in the quarters. Saint-Étienne stunned them by winning both legs (12–3 at home, 24–20 away), inflicting them their only home defeat of the season in the process. In the semis, they took on Bourg-en-Bresse. The popular support for the team was such that the municipality allowed the first leg to be played in Stade Geoffroy-Guichard. Over 16,000 people came to see the locals take the slenderest of leads into the second leg with a 23–22 victory. Another shock 19–16 win in Bourg-en-Bresse sent Saint-Étienne in the Jean Prat Trophy final, but much more importantly gave them a ticket to professional rugby and the Pro D2, after only one year spent in Fédérale 1, and perhaps more impressively only three years after leaving Fédérale 3. They fell in the final to Carcassonne 16–3. Notable players Philippe Gimbert Alexandre Péclier Inoke Afeaki Mihai Lazăr Notes and references Saint-Etienne Sport in Saint-Étienne
The Kleine Enz ("Little Enz") is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. At its confluence with the Große Enz in Calmbach, the Enz is formed. See also List of rivers of Baden-Württemberg References Rivers of Baden-Württemberg Rivers of the Black Forest Rivers of Germany
Alain Maratrat (born 1950) is French actor, theater and opera director known for his innovative interpretations and staging. He has shared his longtime exploration of the body as an instrument of theatrical expression through workshops and classes for actors, dancers, and singers, throughout the world. He was a winner of a Golden Mask award in 2006, as director of the opera Il Viaggio a Reims. Biography Early life Alain Maratrat was born in Paris into a family far from the world of art; his father was a train conductor and his mother had stopped working as a dressmaker to raise her children. He attended the Institute National des Arts du Spectacle in Brussels, Belgium from 1969 to 1973 and, thirty years later, joined 3 fellow students from the class of ‘73 to play their younger selves in Trente Ans a Peine, a play by Jean-Claude Carrière, which was based on their acting aspirations and experiences at INSAS. Career In 1974 Maratrat was invited to join Peter Brook’ s company, the International Centre for Theatre Research, and he remained an active member of the company for nearly 20 years, participating in most of the company's successful productions. He acted, experimented and traveled the world with Brook's multi-cultural assembly of actors, dancers, musicians and other performers. They participated in theatrical encounters with audiences in native villages, asylums schools and a prison, as well as traditional theaters throughout the world. Working with Brook fed and developed Maratrat's interest in creating theater that would touch and enliven ordinary people, regardless of their culture. Since leaving Brook's company, Maratrat has managed active careers as an actor (film, theater and television), theater and opera director, and acting teacher. He has performed in films by directors Claude Berri, Amos Gitai, Michel Deville and Alain Berberian and plays directed by Bruno Bayen, Philippe Mantha, Gabriel Garran, Peter Brook, Dominique Mühler, Bernard Sobel and Gaston Jung. Maratrat has directed theatrical productions of Ferenc Molnár's Liliom (1991), Dumas’ The Three Musketeers (1993) and Gaston Salvatore's Staline (1994). Braz's Rencontres (1995) was staged after a year-long collective workshop. He directed Goldoni's The Impresario from Smyrna and The Dance Lesson (1996). In 1998 he directed The Conference of Birds with the Teatro Kismet and a group of international actors in Bari, Italy, and in 1999 he traveled to South Africa to direct Romeo was a Shoeshiner with social centers in the townships of Pretoria. More recent productions include Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night ́s Dream (2003), Chekhov's The Three Sisters (2004), Ibsen's Peer Gynt (2004), Marivaux's The Dispute (2005), Shakespeare's The Twelfth Night (2006) and Schiller's Marie Stuart (2011). He began his career as an opera director in 1981 with The Love of Three Oranges by Prokofiev. Since then, he has directed productions including: L ́Étoile by Chabrier (1982), Les Voyages de Monsieur Broucek by Leoš Janáček, conducted by Gilbert Amy (1982), Offenbach's Les Brigands, conducted by Sir John Eliot Gardiner (1987), and Martinu's Les Trois Souhaits, conducted by Kent Nagano (1990). He was both librettist and director of Passeport Musical Pour Paris with Mstislav Rostropovich (1991). In 1992 he created the original opera Zarzuela, Historia de un Patio, followed by Saleri's Falstaff, conducted by Jean-Claude Malgoire (1996), and Kodály's Harry Janos (1998), for which he also adapted the libretto. In 2004, Maratrat was contacted by Jean-Pierre Brossmann, director of the Theatre du Chatelet, about directing Rosinni's Il Viaggio a Reims. The Chatelet was co-producing the opera with maestro Valery Gergiev and the Mariinsky Theater in Saint Petersburg. With Gergiev's blessing, Maratrat immediately began In depth work with the Mariinsky's Academy of Young Singers, who would be performing, and his creative team Pierre-Alain Bertola, (set design), Mireille Dessingy (costumes), and Pascal Mérat (lighting). The vibrant and innovative opera, which premiered at the Mariinsky in 2005, was awarded two Golden Masks (Russian theater's highest award) for best opera and best director, and a Golden Sofit (best opera in St Petersburg). Maratrat's relationship with the Mariinsky Theater continued with a new version of The Love for Three Oranges in 2007 and a 360 degree staging of Mozart’ s Magic Flute (2008), which has been performed more than 150 times at the world-famous opera house. Throughout his life, Maratrat has explored the relationship between the body and acting. By developing a body that is sensitive, and free, he believes an actor can best transmit the subtlest interior stirrings. From an early age, he practiced gymnastics, judo and contemporary dance. In 1984 Brook sent him to India to study Kalarippayatt and Kathakali and to Taiwan and Hong Kong to learn Chinese martial arts and weaponry (trident, lances, swords, iron balls) in preparation for the company's epic production of the Mahabharata. Maratrat played the role of Vyassa in the French production and coached the other actors in martial arts techniques. To further his understanding, he studied tai chi (with both Lizelle Reymond and her teacher Di Tchao) and kung fu (with Dan Schwartz). He has Practiced Eutonie (with Gerda Alexander), Feldenkrais Method, and Alexander Technique. He has taken work workshops with the Peking Opera (acrobatics and fire juggling), as well as Sumatran dance, Balinese Mask, and Javanese puppet masters. And he has practiced singing with Older Dagar Brothers Aminuddin Daga (Calcutta), as well as musical interpretation with Celibidache and other notable musical conductors. Maratrat regularly shares the results his experience with acting students though master classes, workshops and acting classes, influencing a new generation of actors, singers and dancers around the world. Honors and awards Golden Mask Best Opera 2006- Il Viaggio a Reims Best Opera Director 2006- Alain Maratrat for Il Viaggio a Reims Golden Sofit Best Opera 2006- Il Viaggio a Reims Productions Actor (Theater) Touchstone in As You Like It (Shakespeare) directed by Daniel Hurstel (2009) Trigorine in The Seagull (Chekhov) directed by Philippe Mantha (2004) Himself in Trente Ans à Peine (Jean-Claude Carrière) directed by Gabriel Garran (2003) Stefano in The Tempest (Shakespeare) directed by Peter Brook (1987) Tadada directed by Peter Brook (1986) Vyassa in The Mahabharata directed by Peter Brook (1984) Lilas Pastia in Carmen (Bizet) directed by Peter Brook (1980) Bernard and Lecume in Measure for Measure (Shakespeare) directed by Peter Brook (1979) Falcon in The Conference of the Birds directed by Peter Brook (1978) Rennee in Dimanche (Michel Deutsch) directed by Dominique Mühler (1975) Bougrelas in Ubu Roi (Jarry) directed by Peter Brook (1976) Aviator in The Good Soul of Szechuan (Brecht) directed by Alain Mergnat. (1975) Timon of Athens (Shakespeare) directed by Peter Brook. (1974) Pierrot in Don Juan (Molière) directed by Bernard Sobel. (1974) Musician and actor Autocritique (Peter Handke) directed by Gaston Jung (1973) Actor (Film/Television) De Vlaminck in L'Enquête Corse directed by Alain Berberian. (2003) Lassagne in Lucie Aubrac directed by Claude Berry (1997) Le Deuxième Marin in The Golem directed by Amos Gitaï. (1992) Clown in La Petite Bande directed by Michel Deville (1983) Claude in De Bien Etranges Affaires (TV) Jean-Claude Lubtchansky 1982 Bernard Janvier in Salut Champion (TV) Serge Freidman (1981) Zug in Guerre en Pays Neutres (TV) Philippe Lefebvre (1981) Bernard in Measure for Measure (TV) Peter Brook (1979) The Devil in l’Histoire du Soldat (TV) Paul Roland (1973) Victor in Victor Ou les Enfants au Pouvoir (TV) directed by Vitrac (1972) Director (Theater) Marie-Stuart (Schiller) in Lyon (2011) The Twelfth Night (Shakespeare) in Berlin (2006) La Dispute (Marivaux) at the Théâtre Européen de Vidy in Lausanne, Switzerland (2005) Peer Gynt (Ibsen) in Geneva & Lausanne, Switzerland (2004) Romeo was a Shoe Shiner in the shanty towns of Pretoria, South Africa (1999) La Dame aux Camélias with École supérieure de danse de Cannes Rosella Hightower (1998) Creation of a new work with the Troup of Piotr Fomenko, Moscow (1996) Rencontres (Philippe Braz) Théâtre Jules Vernes (1995) Staline (Gaston Salvatore) at the Théâtre National de la Colline, Paris (1994) The Three Musketeers (Alexandre Dumas) at the Théâtre de la Main d’Or, Paris (1993) Liliom (Ferenc Molnár) Festival de Sant’ Arcangelo, Italy ( 1991- later performed in Bari and Zurich) Director (Opera) The Barber of Seville (Rossini) Mariinsky Theater - St Petersburg, Russia. (2014) The Magic Flute (Mozart) Mariinsky Theater & White Nights of St Petersburg, Russia. (2008) The Love of Three Oranges (Prokofiev) new version for Mariinsky Theater -Saint Petersburg, Russia (2007) (Moscow, Washington, Tokyo) Il viaggio a Reims (Rossini) Mariinsky Theater - St Petersburg, Russia (2005), (Théâtre du Châtelet Paris, Kennedy Center -Washington D.C., Madrid, Tokyo, Baden-Baden., Moscow..) and recorded for TV/DVD Háry János (Kodály) at Strasbourg Opera (1998) Clear Sky Musique (Guy Reibel -based on Victor Hugo) at Metz Arsenal (1997-1998) Falstaff (Salieri) at Théâtre de Tourcoing, Rennes (1996) .(restaged in 2002 in Tourcoing, Rennes, Orleans, Clermont Ferrand...) and recorded for TV/DVD Zarzuela, Historia de un Patio at the Festival International (Vienna Austria), at the Festival d'Avignon, and Caen (1992-1993) (throughout the Ile de France 1994, Lille 1996). and recorded for TV/DVD Les Trois Souhaits (Martinu) l’Opéra de Lyon (1990) Passeport Musical Pour Paris with Mstislav Rostropovitch at Festival d’Evian (1990) (1991 in NY, 1993 Saint Petersburg) Les brigands (Jacques Offenbach) l’Opéra de Lyon (1987) and recorded for TV L ́étoile (Chabrier) l’Opéra de Lyon (1982) and recorded for TV/DVD The Love of Three Oranges (Prokofiev) l’Opéra de Lyon. (1981) (reprised in 1995 in Lyon and San Francisco, 1998 Ravenna Festival, Italy) and recorded for TV/DVD Director (Variety) Régine - Theatre de Bouffes du Nord, Paris. (1994) Jacques Higelin - Rex Theater, Paris (1992) Teaching Adjunct Professor Columbia University School of the Arts (2012) Workshops in US, Japan, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium (1975-2013) Master Class at University of Venice (IUAV) (2005) Taught acting at Paris Conservatory (1999-2000) Work with young rap and hip-hop artists from the Metz banlieue (1997-1998) Workshop with Rosella Hightower on dance and acting at the École supérieure de danse de Cannes Rosella Hightower with disadvantaged youth from Metz (1998) Spent 2 months in the Himalayas training professional and amateur Tibetan and Nepalese actors for their roles in Himalaya by filmmaker Eric Valli. (1997) Invited to speak at Festival International of São Paulo (Brazil) by Ruth Escobar, about work with P. Brook- Initiated a research group for 1 year (1996) Workshops in prisons, schools, homes for troubled children under the guidance of the Théâtre de Brétigny (Dominique Goudal) (1994-1995) Acanthes (Claude Samuel) selection of works of young contemporary composers and their performances in the team of the Festival d'Avignon. (1988) Master Class for singers with Jean-Claude Malgoire at the Festival d'Aix-en-Provence (1986) References 1950 births Living people Male actors from Paris French theatre directors French opera directors French male film actors French male television actors French male stage actors
Enes Uslu (born 1 January 1996) is a Turkish freestyle wrestler competing in the 74 kg division. He is a member of Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K. Career In 2016, he won the gold medal in the men's 66 kg event at the 2016 World Juniors Wrestling Championship held in Macon, France. In 2018, he won the silver medal in the men's 70 kg event at the 2018 European U23 Wrestling Championship held in İstanbul, Turkey. References External links 1996 births Living people Turkish male sport wrestlers 21st-century Turkish people Sportspeople from Bursa
The arid thicket rat (Grammomys aridulus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Sudan. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. This species is currently listed on the "Nearly Threatened" list in its ranking of endangerment. Offspring of this species are commonly referred to as "kittens" or "pups". The female is referred to as a "doe", while the male is referred to as a "buck". These creatures commonly roam in groups, called a "horde", "pack", or "storm". References website of everything Endemic fauna of Sudan Grammomys Rodents of Africa Mammals described in 1923 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas Taxa named by Martin Hinton Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Roanoke Mountain is a mountain in Virginia. It is located two miles south of the Roanoke River and one mile east of the Blue Ridge Parkway. The summit of Roanoke Mountain may be reached by a one-way loop road which branches off the Blue Ridge Parkway. There are two overlooks on the summit ridge with excellent views to the west over Roanoke city and to the north. There is a geologically puzzling crater-like formation near the east end of the summit ridge. Mountains of Roanoke County, Virginia Mountains of Virginia
Wakari Hospital is a hospital located in Dunedin, New Zealand. It is situated in the suburb of Wakari, about three kilometres north-west of the city centre. The hospital is operated by the Te Whatu Ora (formerly Southern District Health Board) and is closely associated with Dunedin Hospital. It contains specialised psychiatric services but also cares for people with intellectual disability and people undergoing physical rehabilitation. It has units for forensic psychiatry, psychiatric emergency services, long- and short-term secure psychiatric units, Māori mental health, physical rehabilitation and increasingly community out-reach services such as public health and district nursing. History From 1915 the site was initially an infectious diseases centre, and later a sanatorium. In 1957 it was redeveloped as a general hospital, serving as the main Otago hospital while the Dunedin Hospital was being redeveloped in the 1970s. In the early 1980s, the Nurses' home was leased to the University for use as a student hostel, this being taken back with the closure of the Cherry Farm Hospital in 1992. Changing uses Wakari continued as a geriatric and psychiatric care facility, the geriatric wards gradually being wound down through the nineties with government reforms to privatise long-term care. The care of the elderly assessment and rehabilitation wards were transferred back to Dunedin Hospital. Attempts were made to sell the main block of the hospital, which found occasional use as a facility for live-in drug trials and even a temporary accommodation during important rugby tests. Current directions Currently the main block is being redeveloped to house a variety of out-reach services such as Public Health and District Nursing, moving out of expensive leased premises and centralising in properties the Southern District Health Board already owns. Continuing consideration is being given to whether all the site needs to be retained and it has been proposed that some more land be sold to Leslie Groves Hospital. References External links Southern District Health Board Hospital buildings completed in 1915 Psychiatric hospitals in New Zealand Buildings and structures in Dunedin Hospitals established in 1915 Tuberculosis sanatoria
Trygve Braarud (15 September 1903 – 9 July 1985) was a Norwegian botanist. He specialized in marine biology, and was affiliated with the University of Oslo for most of his career. Career He was born in Verdal, and had ten older siblings as well as a twin sister. He received some of his early schooling at a private teaching institution founded by his father. He finished his secondary education at Trondheim Cathedral School in 1921, and graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.real. degree in 1927. In his early career he published the work The 'Øst' Expedition to the Denmark Strait 1929 in two volumes. The first volume, Hydrography, was published together with J. T. Ruud in 1932. The second volume, The Phytoplankton and its Conditions of Growth came in 1935 and earned Braarud the dr.philos. degree. He had taken up planktology as a research assistant of Haaken Hasberg Gran at the botanical laboratory, a position he held from 1926 to 1933. From 1934 to 1936 he was a research fellow of plant physiology; in 1935 he spent some time working with August Krogh in Denmark. Braarud then worked as an associate professor at the University of Oslo from 1936 to 1947, and then as a professor of marine biology from 1947. He co-founded Norske havforskeres forening in 1949, and was its spokesperson from 1962 to 1965. He was also a vice president of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1942, the Royal Swedish Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg from 1959 and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters from 1963. He died in 1985 in Oslo. He was honored in 1947, when botanist Georges Victor Deflandre published Braarudosphaera, a type of Algae in Compt. Rend. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. vol.225 on page 439 in 1947. References 1903 births 1985 deaths People from Verdal Norwegian marine biologists Norwegian planktologists University of Oslo alumni Academic staff of the University of Oslo Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters People educated at the Trondheim Cathedral School 20th-century Norwegian zoologists 20th-century Norwegian botanists
Hot Line (US title: The Day the Hot Line Got Hot, or ) is a 1967 French/Spanish international co-production comedy spy thriller directed by Etienne Périer and starring Robert Taylor in his final feature film and Charles Boyer. It was released in the US by American International Pictures. Plot An American and Russian agent find themselves duped by a double agent who works for both of them. Also involved are a naive IBM computer operator and the telephone operator at the hot-line center in Stockholm. Cast Charles Boyer as Vostov, KGB head Robert Taylor as Anderson, CIA chief George Chakiris as Eric Ericson, Computer Expert with IBM Marie Dubois as Natasha Gérard Tichy as Truman Marta Grau as Old Lady Irene D'Astrea as Old Lady Josefina Tapias as Old Lady Maurice de Canonge as Director of Hotel Gustavo Re as Police Chief Ilya Salkind as himself Bibliography References External links Le rouble à deux faces at the British Film Institute 1978 films 1960s spy comedy films Films directed by Étienne Périer French spy comedy films American International Pictures films English-language French films Films about telephony 1967 comedy films 1967 films 1970s English-language films 1960s English-language films 1960s French films 1970s French films English-language spy comedy films
Rotthalmünster (Central Bavarian: Rotthalmünsta) is a municipality in the district of Passau in Bavaria in Germany. Notable people Konrad Dobler, German athlete References Passau (district)
Abdelaziz Tawfik Mohamed Hassan (; born 24 May 1986) is an Egyptian former footballer played as a midfielder. Tawfik played in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship in the Netherlands. He is the elder brother of Egyptian Premier League footballers Ahmed Tawfik of Pyramids and Akram Tawfik of Al Ahly. Club career Tawfik's good spell at El Mansoura convinced ENPPI to lay an offer to win his services, although he was of little to no significance. The young midfielder quickly established himself in his new club and as a result joined the Egypt national football team. His good performances did not go unnoticed in Europe. Then he transferred to Al-Masry since the beginning of season (2011–2012). References External links 1986 births Living people Men's association football midfielders Egyptian men's footballers Egypt men's international footballers 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players 2010 Africa Cup of Nations players Egyptian Premier League players Footballers from Cairo El Mansoura SC players ENPPI SC players Al Masry SC players Smouha SC players Tala'ea El Gaish SC players Ghazl El Mahalla SC players
Movin' Along is an album by American jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery, released in 1960. It was reissued in the Original Jazz Classics series with two alternate takes. All the tracks are available in the Wes Montgomery compilation CD-set The Complete Riverside Recordings. Reception In his AllMusic review, Scott Yanow stated: "Wes Montgomery made many of his finest jazz recordings originally for Riverside, and this is an often overlooked gem." Track listing "Movin' Along" (Wes Montgomery) – 5:40 "Tune-Up" (Miles Davis) – 4:27 "Tune-Up [Alternate take]" (Davis) – 4:39 "I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You" (Victor Young, Ned Washington, Bing Crosby) – 5:02 "Sandu" (Clifford Brown) – 3:23 "Body and Soul" (Edward Heyman, Robert Sour, Frank Eyton, Johnny Green) – 7:19 "Body and Soul [Alternate take]" (Heyman, Sour, Eyton, Green) – 11:17 "So Do It!" (Montgomery) – 6:05 "Says You" (Sam Jones) – 4:59 Personnel Wes Montgomery – guitar, bass guitar (on side 1, tracks 2 & 4; side 2, track 1) James Clay – flute, tenor sax Victor Feldman – piano Sam Jones – bass Louis Hayes – drums Production Orrin Keepnews – producer References External links Jazz Discography 1960 albums Wes Montgomery albums Albums produced by Orrin Keepnews Riverside Records albums
Li Na (; born December 9, 1982) is a Chinese professional track cyclist. Palmarès 2002 World Championships, Copenhagen 1st, Keirin Asian Games, Busan 1st, Sprint 2003 2003 World Cup 2nd, Keirin, Aguascalientes External links 1982 births Living people Chinese female cyclists Place of birth missing (living people) Asian Games medalists in cycling Cyclists at the 2002 Asian Games UCI Track Cycling World Champions (women) Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games Asian Games gold medalists for China Chinese track cyclists 21st-century Chinese women
Gruffudd ap Rhys was Archdeacon of Brecon from 1345 until 1366. References Gruffudd ap Rhys 14th-century Welsh Roman Catholic priests Archdeacons of Brecon
The third seeds Jack Crawford and Gar Moon defeated fourth-seeded Harry Hopman and Gerald Patterson 4–6, 6–4, 12–10, 6–3 in the final, to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 1932 Australian Championships. With the final shot of the match he put away, Crawford completed his Triple Crown, having won Men's Singles and Mixed Doubles titles earlier that day. Seeds Charles Donohoe / Ray Dunlop (semifinals) Ryosuke Nunoi / Jiro Sato (quarterfinals) Jack Crawford / Gar Moon (champions) Harry Hopman / Gerald Patterson (final) Draw Draw Notes References External links Source for seedings Source for the draw. 1932 in Australian tennis Men's Doubles
Ernestine Myers Morrissey (January 7, 1900 – June 29, 1991), sometimes credited as Ernestine Meyers, was an American dancer, Ziegfeld girl, and dance educator. Early life Myers was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, the daughter of professional baseball player Al Myers and Flora LaTart Myers. She trained as a dancer at the Chicago Musical College, then pursued further dance studies with Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn in Los Angeles. Career Myers appeared on Broadway and on vaudeville stages. She toured with Ruth St. Denis's dance company, which also featured Martha Graham, Florence O'Denishawn, and Doris Humphrey at the time. In 1917 she toured in a singing and dancing act with Carl Randall, including "a pseudo Egyptian fox trot in costume with just enough burlesque in it to give it pep," noted reviewer Giles P. Cain. She wore a purple wig while performing in 1921, creating a "weirdly beautiful" effect, according to Billboard magazine. Her credits included roles in the shows Sinbad (1918), Follow the Girl (1918), Silks and Satins (1920), and Ziegfeld Follies. "Miss Myers is a splendid dancer, and works hard to put her selections over," commented one reviewer in 1921. From 1923 to 1978, Myers ran a dance school in her hometown. She produced, choreographed, and designed costumes and lighting for the school's biennial revue, which included over two hundred performers in some years. Elise Reiman, a teacher at the School of American Ballet, was one of Myers' many students. In 1976, her photo was part of a Bicentennial salute to American theatre at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. In 1980 she gave an oral history interview for the Vigo County Oral History Project. Personal life Myers married Chicago businessman Daniel E. Morrissey in 1948. Her husband died in 1949, and she died in 1991, in Terre Haute, aged 91 years. References External links 1900 births 1991 deaths People from Terre Haute, Indiana American dancers Vaudeville performers Ziegfeld girls Chicago Musical College alumni
The history of cycling in Azerbaijan began in 1930, when bicycles were first imported from Russia. History Initially bikes were popular among pupils and students, and in the 1940s they became widely used by almost entire population without exception. The same year the first amateur bicycle race was launched and was held every four years. 10 years later the first professional racers begin to perform in Azerbaijan - Sabzali Museyibov and Zargarli Hussein, who later became a pioneer in the training of professional cyclists Azerbaijan. In the second half of the 20th century, female cycling has actively developed – both individual tournaments and mixed tournaments were organized for women. In the same period, a mixed team of cyclists from Baku won several local races, and represented Azerbaijan at the Union and trans-Caucasian races. At the same time, Azerbaijani cyclists took part in the first foreign competitions. New “stars” were lighted- Alkhas Talybov, Aladdin Shabanov, Vladimir Semergey, Alexander Averin and others have successfully performed in different cycle events. Alkhas Talybov, Aladdin Shabanov in these tournaments was awarded with medals and diplomas. We cannot but mention Aladdin Shabanov, who represented Azerbaijan at the races in more than 50 countries and Europe. After his retirement, Shabanov organized the Museum of Bicycle and bicycling at the Baku State University. The exhibition was composed of materials relating to the history of cycling and a sport both in Azerbaijan and around the world. Some of the artifacts were exhibited during many international competitions, including World and European championships in cycling. Recently, the museum has celebrated its 40th anniversary. Since the early 1990s, Azerbaijan held many cycling competitions. The championship of Azerbaijan, district and city championships, were organized for the fans by the best riders. In 1991, in honor of the 850th anniversary of the outstanding Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi a 4000 km cycling race between Saint Petersburg and Ganja was held. There were participants from 26 cities of Russia and Azerbaijan. In 1997, the construction of a modern sport complex was completed, and Azerbaijani national cycling federation was founded. In 2009, the Central Directorate of Youth and Sport in Baku, Azerbaijan, together with the National Cycling Federation organized a championship of Baku road racing. In 2011 Tour d’Azerbaïdjan, a cycling tour in memory of national leader Heydar Aliyev "Big Caucasus" was organized, and in 2012 - the tour became an annual event, later transformed into Tour d'Azerbaidjan. Assad Fazil Mammadov was elected as the chairman of the Azerbaijan National Cycling Federation. References Transport in Azerbaijan
Osarimen Giulio Ebagua (born 6 June 1986) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Città di Varese. Club career Early career Born in Nigeria, he moved to Italy with his father when he was one month old. He lived in Rome, and then Turin, later becoming an Italian citizen. He started his professional career with Serie C2 side Casale, 60 km from Turin. He also played for Torino Berretti and Primavera Team, before being released in June 2005 after the old Torino went bankrupt. After the relegation of Casale, he joined Serie C2 side Portogruaro Summaga but soon returned to Casale in Serie D. In the 2007–08 season, he left for another Piedmont club, Novara, but failed to play regularly in Serie C1. In January 2008, he left for a short spell with Serie C1 club Pescara. In July 2008, he joined Canavese. He scored 11 goals for Canavese in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione. Varese In July 2009, he was signed by Varese along with fellow countrymen Wilfred Osuji and Kingsley Umunegbu. His first season with the club eventually proved to be very successful. Ebagua went on to make 27 league appearances and scoring 12 goals, contributing to the return of Varese to Serie B for this first time in 25 years. Following a successful first season with the club, Ebagua continued his goal scoring displays in the 2010–11 Serie B campaign as he would help guide the club to a promotion play-off spot with his 12 goals in 30 matches. Varese eventually lost in their quest for two-consecutive promotions, and Ebagua was eventually sold to Serie B rivals Torino F.C. in co-ownership deal for €1.2 million cash plus half of Gaetano Carrieri in June 2011. Torino In his first five months with his new club, Ebagua failed to replicate his form from Varese, and managed just 3 goals in 20 league appearances. He was subsequently loaned out in the 2012 winter transfer window following the arrival of Cristian Pasquato from Juventus. On 31 January 2012, he officially joined Serie A side Catania on loan from Torino for the rest of the season. The club was looking to add depth to their front line following the departure of Maxi López to Milan. Bisceglie After not playing in the 2018–19 season, on 9 August 2019 he signed with Serie C club Bisceglie. Città di Varese On 23 January 2021, Ebagua joined Serie D side Città di Varese. References External links Profile at AIC.Football.it 1986 births Living people Footballers from Benin City Nigerian men's footballers Nigerian emigrants to Italy Naturalised citizens of Italy Men's association football forwards Torino FC players Casale FBC players Novara FC players Delfino Pescara 1936 players FC Canavese players SSD Varese Calcio players Catania FC players Spezia Calcio players SSC Bari players Como 1907 players LR Vicenza players FC Pro Vercelli 1892 players Baniyas Club players AS Bisceglie Calcio 1913 players ASD Città di Varese players Serie A players Serie B players Serie C players Serie D players UAE First Division League players Nigerian expatriate men's footballers Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Sinseonbong (Goseong/Inje) in the counties of Goseong and Inje, Gangwon-do, South Korea. 1204 metres. Sinseonbong (Chuncheon) in the city of Chuncheon, Gangwon-do. 1021 metres. Sinseonbong (Jecheon) in the city of Jecheon, Chungcheongbuk-do. 845 metres. Sinseonbong (Chungju/Goesan) in the city of Chungju and the county of Goesan, Chungcheongbuk-do. 967 metres.
Millwood is an unincorporated community in northwestern Jackson County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River at the mouth of Mill Creek. It lies along West Virginia Routes 2 and 62 northwest of the city of Ripley, the county seat of Jackson County. Its elevation is 577 feet (176 m). Although Millwood is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 25262. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Millwood has a Humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Notable person Warren Miller, U.S. Representative from West Virginia See also List of cities and towns along the Ohio River References Unincorporated communities in Jackson County, West Virginia Unincorporated communities in West Virginia West Virginia populated places on the Ohio River
The 1949–50 season was the 77th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 53rd season of the Scottish Football League. Scottish League Division A Rangers won the league with a 2–2 draw in their last match, away to Third Lanark, a game in which Rangers took a 2–0 lead before Thirds fought back to 2–2. Another goal for Third Lanark would have handed the title to Hibernian. A few days previously, Rangers had drawn 0–0 with Hibs at Ibrox before a crowd of 101,000, the largest crowd to watch a League match in Britain since the war, a record that still stands. Had Hibs won this match they would have become champions. Champions: Rangers Relegated: Queen Of the South, Stirling Albion Scottish League Division B Promoted: Morton, Airdrie Scottish League Division C Cup honours Other Honours National County * - aggregate over two legs - replay Highland League Scotland national team Key: (H) = Home match (A) = Away match BHC = British Home Championship Notes and references External links Scottish Football Historical Archive Seasons in Scottish football
The Unidale Mall is a shopping mall located at the intersection of University Avenue and Dale Street in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The mall is in the Summit-University neighborhood just across from the Frogtown neighborhood. The Rondo Community Outreach Library is west across Dale Street. The Dale Street station on the Green Line is also at the intersection. The idea for the mall was first started in 1971 as part of the Model Cities Program. The project's ideal result was to create a suburban shopping mall in the heart of the city. The project was pushed by neighborhood activists on city planners. Construction of the mall was completed in 1978 with the mall losing money from 1979 to 1989. In 1987 there were plans to move a nightclub and restaurant to the mall. The mall was owned and operated by Kraus-Anderson in 1988. The anchor of the store in 1989 was the Disabled American Veterans Thrift Store. Plans were brought up in 1989 to do a $6.3 million renovation so the mall could host "United Noodles Oriental Food Inc., a drug store, a food court, and several specialty shops." A 1989 report on the surrounding neighborhood described the mall has a failure and noted the mall's perennial problem of finding suitable tenants. The tenants, such as a welfare office were not the type originally intended. The mall was described as nearly empty 1992 article detailing the problems the surrounding community faced. The mall appeared to be faring better in 2000 when the vice-president of Kraus-Anderson described the mall as fully leased. The mall has hosted a farmers' market on weekends in the parking lot since 1998. The Saint Paul Public Schools district had plans to purchase the property to host adult literacy education and multicultural programs. The Saint Paul Area Learning Center moved to Unidale Mall on February 1, 1991. Those programs eventually moved out of the mall and became Gordon Parks High School. Other reading References Buildings and structures in Saint Paul, Minnesota Shopping malls established in 1978 Shopping malls in Minnesota
Wiscon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Hernando County, Florida, United States. Its population was 681 as of the 2020 census. Florida State Road 50 passes through the community. Geography Wiscon is located near the center of Hernando County and is bordered by Spring Hill to the south and South Brooksville to the east. Florida State Road 50 runs through the CDP, leading east to Brooksville, the county seat, and west to U.S. Route 19 at Weeki Wachee. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Wiscon CDP has an area of , all of it land. Demographics References Unincorporated communities in Hernando County, Florida Unincorporated communities in Florida Census-designated places in Hernando County, Florida Census-designated places in Florida
Fred Schmind (or Schwind; May 11, 1881 – September 1, 1960) was an American gymnast and athlete who took part in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He represented the club Chicago Central Turnverein. Schmind took part in the following events in the 1904 Olympics: 37th in the gymnastics triathlon 22nd place in gymnastics 15th place in 100 metres 4th place in long jump 20th place in the shot put 7th place in the athletics triathlon References External links 1881 births 1960 deaths American male artistic gymnasts Olympic gymnasts for the United States Athletes (track and field) at the 1904 Summer Olympics Gymnasts at the 1904 Summer Olympics
The Great American Weed Smoker is the fourth studio album by American Detroit-based horrorcore rapper King Gordy. It was released on August 1, 2008 via Morbid Music LLC. The record featured guest appearances from The Fat Killahz and Bizarre of D12. Track listing All tracks composed by Waverly Walter Alford. References External links 2008 albums King Gordy albums
Sai Kung District Sports Association () is a Hong Kong district sports association of Sai Kung District which currently competes in the Hong Kong Second Division. The club plays the majority of its home matches at Sai Kung Tang Shiu Kin Sports Ground. History Sai Kung District began fielding a football team in the Hong Kong football league system in 2003 as part of a Hong Kong Football Association initiative to involve district representative teams. Sai Kung were part of a group of 11 districts who participated in the inaugural season of this project. During the 2007–08, Sai Kung were able to recruit former Hong Kong national under-23 football team members Leung Sing Kit and Lee Wai Wo as coaches, as well as actor Jerry Lamb as a player. During the 2008–09 Sai Kung were the runners up of the Hong Kong Third District Division League, winning a tie breaker over Sham Shui Po but they fell short of promotion as they lost all three of the promotion playoff group stage matches. The HKFA reorganized the football league pyramid in advance of the 2012–13 season, unifying the Third Division A League and the Third Division District League. This meant that Sai Kung were placed in the 2012–13 Hong Kong Fourth Division based on their previous season's results. The club won its first trophy during the 2013–14 season when it captured the Fourth Division title. Honours League Hong Kong Third District Division League Runners-up (1): 2008–09 Hong Kong Fourth Division Champions (1): 2013–14 References External links Sai Kung at HKFA 2000 establishments in Hong Kong Football clubs in Hong Kong Hong Kong Second Division League Sai Kung District Association football clubs established in 2000
My Name Is Albert Ayler is a 2005 Swedish-American documentary film about the American Jazz musician Albert Ayler, written and directed by Kasper Collin. Described by Thomas Conrad of JazzTimes as "one of the most starkly beautiful and moving documentaries ever made about a jazz musician," the film was produced and edited over a period of seven years (1998 to 2005), and features footage of live performances as well as interviews with Ayler conducted between 1963 and 1970. In addition, the filmmakers interviewed surviving family members, including Ayler's father Edward and brother Donald, and associates such as drummer Sunny Murray, double bassist Gary Peacock, and photographer and writer Val Wilmer. The film met with mixed reviews when released in Sweden in 2005, but was praised by UK and US critics when theatrically released in those countries in 2007. Metacritic gave the film 83/100 based on reviews from 7 critics, and awarded it the 19th best film from 2007. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 17 critics. My Name Is Albert Ayler was director Kasper Collin's first feature documentary. The second was I Called Him Morgan, a documentary about trumpeter Lee Morgan. References External links 2005 films Documentary films about jazz music and musicians Swedish documentary films 2005 documentary films American documentary films 2000s English-language films 2000s American films 2000s Swedish films
Eoin Ó Gnímh was a Irish poet and manuscript collector, fl. December 1699. Ó Gnímh was a member of a hereditary learned family based at Larne, County Antrim, who had been bard for the O'Neills. He was responsible for preserving a number of manuscripts compiled or collected by Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh. See also Fear Flatha Ó Gnímh References The Celebrated Antiquary, p. 196, Nollaig Ó Muraíle, Maynooth, 1996. 17th-century Irish-language poets Writers from County Antrim People from Larne Irish book and manuscript collectors
The 2016 BYU Cougars softball team represents Brigham Young University in the 2016 NCAA Division I softball season. Gordon Eakin entered the year as head coach of the Cougars for a 14th consecutive season. 2016 is the third season for the Cougars as members of the WCC in softball. The Cougars enter 2016 having won their last 7 conference championships and as the favorites in the WCC. 2016 Roster Schedule \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| Kajikawa Classic \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| Wilson/DeMari Desert Classic \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| Mary Nutter Collegiate Classic \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| Wildcat Invitational \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| University of Oklahoma Tournament \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| Regular Season \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| San Diego Classic II \|- !colspan=10 style="background:#002654; color:#FFFFFF;"\| Regular Season TV, Radio, and Streaming Information Feb. 11: Brian Rice (radio- Tennessee) Mar. 3: No commentators Mar. 3: Derrick Palmer & Mar. 4: Derrick Palmer & Mar. 5: No commentators Mar. 11: Chris Plank (radio-Oklahoma) Mar. 12: Chris Plank (radio-Oklahoma) Mar. 15: Krista Blunk & Kenzie Fowler Mar. 22: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide Apr. 1: Tyler Denning & Megan Willis Apr. 2: Tyler Denning & Megan Willis Apr. 2: Tyler Denning & Megan Willis Apr. 5: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide Apr. 5: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide Apr. 9: Robbie Bullough & Bailie Hicken Apr. 13: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide Apr. 20: Josh Monsen (WAC DN)Robbie Bullough & Bailie Hicken (radio) Apr. 22: Robbie Bullough & Bailie Hicken Apr. 22: Robbie Bullough & Bailie Hicken Apr. 23: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide Apr. 29: Paul Muyskens & Dustin Brakebill Apr. 29: Paul Muyskens & Dustin Brakebill Apr. 30: Paul Muyskens May 3: Josh Martinez & Colton Gordon May 6: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide May 6: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide May 7: Spencer Linton & Gary Sheide May 19: Pam Ward & Cheri Kempf May 20: Pam Ward & Cheri Kempf May 20: Pam Ward & Cheri Kempf External links BYU Softball at byucougars.com References 2016 team 2016 in sports in Utah 2016 West Coast Conference softball season 2016 NCAA Division I softball tournament participants
Plectranthias lasti, the trawl perchlet, is a species of fish in the family Serranidae occurring in the Western Pacific Ocean. Size This species reaches a length of . Etymology The fish is named in honor of ichthyologist Peter R. Last, of the CSIRO Division of Fisheries, who collected the paratype, and recognized it as an undescribed species, and made it available to the authors. References lasti Taxa named by John Ernest Randall Taxa named by Douglass F. Hoese Fish described in 1995
Emil Steen (29 March 1887 – 1950) was a Norwegian businessman. He was born in Kristiania as a son of businessman Christian Strøm Steen (1854–1932) and Lilli Bing (1865–1935). He was thus a brother of Nils Steen, grandson of Peter Emil Steen, nephew of Johan and Emil Steen, and a first cousin of Erling and Fredrik Steen. He finished Kristiania Commerce School in 1908. In 1912 he was hired as a wholesaler in Harald Ohlsen & Co. He became a co-owner of the company in 1916. In 1926 he became chief executive of Sætre Kjeksfabrikk. He was a board member of Steen & Strøm and Norges Hypotekforening for Næringslivet, national board member of the Federation of Norwegian Industries, supervisory council member of Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse, Christiania Spigerverk, Holter-Sørensens Tankrederi, Hippodromen AS, and Forsikringsselskapet Norden. He was also a deputy member of the national price committee for liquor after the Second World War. Together with Ragnhild Berg he had the son Christian Steen, who became chief executive of Steen & Strøm. Emil Steen died in October 1950. Marshals at his funeral were Harald Borchgrevink and Mogens Christensen. References 1887 births 1950 deaths 20th-century Norwegian businesspeople
UHC Stockerau, also known as UHC Müllner Bau Stockerau is a handball club from Stockerau in Austria. Women's UHC Stockerau competes in the Women Handball Liga Austria. Honours Women's handball Women Handball Austria: Runners-up (1): 2018 ÖHB Cup: Winners (1): 2018 Runners-up (1): 2022 European record Team Current squad Squad for the 2022–23 season Goalkeepers 1 Mateja Serafimova 12 Isabel Bernhard Wingers RW 6 Laura Klinger 19 Nina Müller 23 Viktoria Mauler LW 7 Ines Rein Line Players 17 Carina Ganl 21 Diana Michalkova Back players LB 5 Sandra Hart 25 Maria Lauermann 99 Melissa Begovic CB 3 Sandra Zeitelberger 13 Dominika Kodajova 20 Anna Habermüller RB 9 Hanna Feuerstein 29 Theres Kovarik Transfers Transfers for the 2023-24 season Joining Leaving References Official website EHF Club profile Handball clubs in Austria
No Funny Business is a 1933 British comedy film directed by Victor Hanbury and starring Laurence Olivier, Gertrude Lawrence, Jill Esmond and Edmund Breon. The film is a comedy of errors set in a divorce case. It was made at Ealing Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Duncan Sutherland. Olivier had returned to Britain after his career, following an initial move to Hollywood, had faltered. Cast Gertrude Lawrence as Yvonne Laurence Olivier as Clive Dering Jill Esmond as Anne Edmund Breon as Edward Gibb McLaughlin as Florey Muriel Aked as Mrs Fothergill References Bibliography Munn, Michael. Lord Larry: The Secret Life of Laurence Olivier. Robson Books, 2007. 1933 films 1933 comedy films British comedy films Films shot at Imperial Studios, Elstree United Artists films Films directed by Victor Hanbury British black-and-white films 1930s English-language films 1930s British films
Soubakaniédougou is a town in southwestern Burkina Faso. By road, it is about 40 km south-west of the town of Banfora, and about 125 km south-west of the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. The town has a population of 9,423. It is the capital of Soubakaniédougou Department. References External links Satellite map at Maplandia.com Populated places in the Cascades Region Comoé Province
Aston Villa Hardcore (often shortened to Villa Hardcore or known as Villa Youth when referring to the younger element of the group) is a football hooligan firm associated with the Premier League club Aston Villa, based in Birmingham, England. Background The firm have been active since circa 1993, following on from previous Aston Villa hooligan firms the Steamers, C-Crew and Villa Youth. The name 'Hardcore' reportedly arising from a Metropolitan Police officer announcing on his radio: "Here come Villa's hardcore" following the firm's emergence from a train station before an away match against West Ham United in November 1996. The Hardcore have clashed a number of times with the Zulu Warriors, associated with Aston Villa's fiercest rivals Birmingham City. Incidents involving Aston Villa Hardcore Fifteen people were arrested in October 2002 in a series of dawn raids in connection with serious disorders committed in the Rocky Lane area of Aston before the game between Aston Villa and Birmingham City in September 2002, in what was described as the "Battle of Rocky Lane". In 2004, Steven Fowler, a Category C hooligan and member of Villa Hardcore, was jailed for six months for his part in the fight in 2002. In 2005 he received a twelve-month jail sentence and was banned from attending football matches for ten years, for his part in an organised brawl between the Villa Hardcore and Chelsea Headhunters at King's Cross in London on 27 March 2004, while five other Villa fans were also jailed. Fowler was jailed again in 2006 when he and 57 other people were found guilty of involvement in a riot at a Handsworth pub on 22 August 2004 - the same day as Villa's Premier League clash with local rivals West Bromwich Albion. A younger wing of the firm emerged under the banner "Hardcore Youth" with two members of the firm being banned in January 2010 from attending Aston Villa matches, being in the vicinity of Villa Park on match-days, and, when Villa are playing away from home, using trains to travel the country and from entering the relevant town-centre. The pair were branded as "ring-leaders" by police and also were made to pay a fine of £500 each in court. Later on in the year another known Villa youth hooligan was handed a 3-year banning order at Warwick Crown Court whilst being held on remand after serving a 12-month prison sentence. He was handed the banning order after troubled flared outside Birmingham City's ground in 2009 after Villa won the game 1–2 with Gabriel Agbonlahor scoring a late winner. Police statistics claim that after the three leaders of the Youth faction of the Hardcore were all banned, reports of violence and potential organised clashes fell by 75%. In October and December 2010, Aston Villa played Birmingham City, at Villa Park (Premier League, 31 October) and St Andrew's (League Cup, 1 December) and in both games violence between the two sets of supporters and hooligan firms occurred, with many fans being arrested. In the first game, there were scenes of violence outside Villa Park, with Villa fans throwing a flare into Birmingham fans leaving the stadium. There was a small number of arrests including a Birmingham City club chef. In the second of the games, after Birmingham had beaten Villa 2–1, Birmingham supporters invaded the pitch and confronted the visiting Villa fans. In retaliation, Villa fans ripped out seats and hurled them into the Birmingham supporters. A flare was thrown from the Villa fans section into the Birmingham fans on the pitch. Villa fans were convicted for offences relating to an attack on a pub near St. Andrews after the match, frequented by Birmingham City supporters after being identified on CCTV. On 14 January 2017, around 35 members of the Hardcore were issued with dispersal orders at The Angel Inn in Bilston, where around 55 had gathered before a 5:30pm EFL Championship match against Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux. The Angel Inn was ordered to stop serving drinks and nearby pubs told to lock their doors amid fears of violent disorder. The Midland Metro service was briefly disrupted as a tram was handed over to police for the purpose of transporting the fans out of the city. About 30 police officers, some with dogs, took part in the operation between 3pm and 5pm. In a statement, West Midlands Police said: “To be really clear, these were a group of people we strongly believed were together to cause trouble.” Villa lost the match 1–0, and Villa fans were criticised after destroying toilets in the away section of the stadium. On 12 August 2017 after Aston Villa's Championship match against Cardiff City F.C. at the Cardiff City Stadium, around 30 Villa Hardcore members attacked The Cornwall public house in the Grangetown area of the city where Cardiff supporters had gathered following the final whistle. In November 2017, South Wales Police released a statement saying 14 individuals had been arrested in connection with the incident and posted images of six more men they wished to speak to. On 10 December 2018, ten Villa fans received prison sentences varying between nine months and three years for their part in the pub brawl; three Cardiff supporters were also jailed. In popular culture In November 2006, a planned launch of the book Villains about the various Aston Villa hooligan firms, which included details of clashes with the Zulu Warriors, which was due to be held at Sensations Club in the Balsall Heath area of Birmingham, had to be cancelled due to threats that the Zulus would turn up and cause trouble at the event. Members of the Zulu Warriors were said to have taken exception to the launch of the book and the presence of rivals on what they considered "their territory". In October 2008, Fowler, along with Michael Lutwyche released a book entitled Hardcore about the firm. On Sunday, 10 April 2011, an episode of Police Academy UK, a TV show aired on BBC Three, which documents four overseas police officers introduction to British crime and policing, was set in Birmingham and covered the violence that occurred at the game between Birmingham City and Aston Villa on 1 December 2010. In April 2011, a DVD was released with the title Aston Villa Hardcore Lads; the 70-minute-long DVD shows footage of the Hardcore involved in violence with rival hooligan firms, for example fans of Oxford United, West Bromwich Albion and various clashes with fans of Birmingham City. The DVD also includes pictures of Aston Villa hooligans and sections where Villa's rivals are ridiculed. In February 2014, an episode of the BBC series Inside Out followed officers from West Midlands Police as they attempted to combat football hooliganism at a West Bromwich Albion v Villa game in November 2013. References Aston Villa F.C. British football hooligan firms Gangs in Birmingham, West Midlands
The Lateran Council (964) was a synod (or church council) held in the Lateran Palace on 23 June 964, for the purpose of deposing Pope Benedict V. Background After Pope Leo VIII had been deposed in 964 by the rival pope John XII in the Synod of Rome, Leo had fled and sought sanctuary with the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I. After John's death on 14 May 964, the Roman nobles elected Pope Benedict V in his place. The emperor Otto besieged Rome and on 23 June 964, he entered the city, accompanied by Leo VIII who, on Otto's orders convened a church council at the Lateran Palace. The council was under the presidency of the emperor; also present was Liutprand of Cremona, who chronicled the events of the council. Many of the prelates who had been present for the previous two synods which had in turn deposed Pope John XII and Leo VIII were also present at this council. Acts of the council Benedict V, together with his clerical and lay supporters, was brought before the council on 23 June 964. Garbed in his pontifical robes, he was asked by the arch-deacon by what right did he assume the chair of Saint Peter whilst Leo was still living, especially as he had participated in the synod which had deposed John XII and had overseen Leo's election. He was also accused of having broken his oath to the emperor not to elect a pope without imperial consent. Benedict responded by asking: “If I have sinned, have mercy on me”. The council then proceeded to confirm Leo as the true canonically appointed pope, and announced that Benedict was deposed as pope. On this sentence, Leo cut Benedict's pallium into two pieces and broke his pastoral staff, before tearing off his pontifical robes. It was only through Otto's intervention that Benedict was allowed to retain the rank of deacon. References Gregorovius, Ferdinand, The History of Rome in the Middle Ages, Vol. III (1895) Mann, Horace K., The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. IV: The Popes in the Days of Feudal Anarchy, 891-999 (1910) Notes 10th-century church councils History of the papacy Lateran councils 964
Wallpa Wasi (Quechua wallpa hen, wasi house, "hen house", also spelled Huallpahuasi) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately . It is located in the Huánuco Region, Huánuco Province, San Pedro de Chaulán District. References Mountains of Peru Mountains of Huánuco Region
Events in sports 28 February 2005 (Monday) NCAA basketball: Temple University announces that head men's basketball coach John Chaney will not coach in the Atlantic 10 Conference's tournament. This decision stems from an incident during a game against Saint Joseph's University on 24 February, when Chaney responded to the non-calling of illegal screens by Hawks players by sending in Temple center Nehemiah Ingram to commit hard fouls on Saint Joseph's center John Bryant. (San Diego Union-Tribune) (Youngstown Vindicator) (Temple News) 27 February 2005 (Sunday) Cricket: South Africa (329 for 6) beat Zimbabwe (198 for 7) by 131 runs in the second One Day International, Durban, and now lead the three-match series 2–0. Wisden Cricinfo Cycling: George Hincapie wins Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne by beating Kevin van Impe in a sprint with 2. Football: UEFA Cup round of 32, second leg: Athletic Bilbao 1 – 2 Austria Vienna (UEFA.com) Chelsea defeats Liverpool 3–2 after extra time to win the League Cup at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. Chelsea manager José Mourinho is sent off by the fourth official for taunting Liverpool fans after Liverpool star Steven Gerrard scores an own goal in the 79th minute to level the match. (BBC) Premier League referee Mike Dean is suspended indefinitely after officials learn of his involvement in a betting website. (The Guardian) NASCAR: Greg Biffle wins the Auto Club 500 at the California Speedway from Jimmie Johnson and Kurt Busch, with only 0.525 of a second separating the top three men. (NASCAR.com) Rugby union: In the final match of Round 3 of the Six Nations, held in Dublin, Ireland use a try from captain Brian O'Driscoll and 14 points from Ronan O'Gara to defeat England 19–13. The win keeps Ireland on track for a possible Grand Slam showdown with Wales in Cardiff in three weeks. This also marks the first time since 1987 that England has lost three straight Six Nations matches. (BBC) Curling: In the final match of the 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts, Manitoba, led by skip Jennifer Jones, defeats Jenn Hanna's Ontario team 8–6 and becomes the Canadian national women's champion. With the win, Jones' rink has earned the right to represent Canada at the world championship, as well as an entry in the Canadian Olympic curling trials. (CBC sports) (Sportsnet) 26 February 2005 (Saturday) Boxing: Miguel Cotto wins over Demarcus Corley by TKO after Corley took a knee on the fifth round to avoid further punishment. Cotto's corner immediately tells Corley that they are at the disposal of giving him a rematch. Cricket: Australia (264 for 5) beat New Zealand (178) by 86 runs in the third One Day International, Auckland, taking an unassailable 3–0 lead in the five-match series. (Wisden Cricinfo) Cycling: Nick Nuyens (Belgium) wins the Omloop "Het Volk". He finishes 14 seconds before the main group, of which his teammate Tom Boonen wins the sprint before Steven de Jongh and Niko Eeckhout. Rugby union, Six Nations: Scotland fails to score a try against Italy, but six penalties by Chris Paterson provide all the points Scotland need to score its first win of this year's competition, 18–10, in Edinburgh. (BBC) At Stade de France near Paris, France takes a 15–6 halftime lead over Wales, but the Welsh storm back behind two Martyn Williams tries to score a 24–18 win, keeping Wales on course for a possible Grand Slam. (BBC) Curling: 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts: Ontario's Jenn Hanna rink advance to the finals against Manitoba as they defeated British Columbia's Kelly Scott rink 9–7 in the semi-final. (CBC Sports) 25 February 2005 (Friday) Lacrosse: 2005 NLL All Star Game East Division All Star Team 11–10 West Division All Star Team Cricket: South Africa (301 for 7) beat Zimbabwe (136) by 165 runs in the first One Day International, Johannesburg. (Wisden Cricinfo) Curling: 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts – Defending Scott champion Colleen Jones fails to make it 5 championship wins in a row, as she was ousted by Sandy Comeau's rink from New Brunswick in the morning tie-breaker. Comeau would then play Jenn Hanna's Ontario rink who had beaten Alberta's Cathy King rink in the other morning tie-breaker. Hanna would go on to win the final tie-breaker which determined the last playoff spot. In the evening, the page-playoffs began with Hanna once again winning, defeating Saskatchewan's Stefanie Lawton rink in the 3–4 game for the right to go to the semi-final on Saturday. In the other playoff game, Manitoba's Jennifer Jones rink defeats British Columbia's Kelly Scott rink in the 1–2 game, forcing Scott to play in the semi-final on Saturday and giving Jones a bye to the final on Sunday. (CBC sports) 24 February 2005 (Thursday) Football – UEFA Cup, round of 32: (UEFA.com) Second leg (advancing clubs in bold face): Middlesbrough 2 – 1 Grazer AK Newcastle United 2 – 1 Heerenveen Lille 2 – 0 FC Basel VfB Stuttgart 0 – 2 Parma (after extra time) Feyenoord 1 – 2 Sporting Lisbon AZ Alkmaar 2 – 1 Alemannia Dnipro 0 – 1 Partizan Belgrade Steaua Bucharest 2 – 0 Valencia (after penalty shootout 4–3) Auxerre 3 – 1 Ajax Benfica 1 – 1 CSKA Moscow Real Zaragoza 2 – 1 Fenerbahçe Sevilla 2 – 0 Panathinaikos Schalke 04 0 – 1 Shakhtar Donetsk Sochaux 0 – 1 Olympiacos Villarreal 2 – 0 Dynamo Kyiv First leg (postponed from 16 February): Austria Vienna 0 – 0 Athletic Bilbao Fixtures for knock-out group of 16, to be played on 10 and 16–17 March: Middlesbrough – Sporting Sevilla – Parma Steaua Bucharest – Villarreal Lille – Auxerre Olympiacos – Newcastle Shakhtar – AZ Partizan Belgrade – CSKA Moscow Austria Vienna – Real Zaragoza (tie determined 27 February) Curling – 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts – In the last day of the round robin, Manitoba's Jennifer Jones wins both of her games to finish first at 9–2. She will face British Columbia's Kelly Scott, who finished second at 8–3 in the "1–2" match-up, where the winner gets a bye to the final, and the loser must play in the semi-final. Saskatchewan's Stefanie Lawton finished in third place with a 7–4 record and awaits the winner out of a massive tie for 6–5 which involves Ontario's Jenn Hanna, Alberta's Cathy King, defending champion Colleen Jones and New Brunswick's Sandy Comeau. 3 Tie-breaker games will be played to determine the winner, who will play Lawton in the "3–4" game. (CBC sports) 23 February 2005 (Wednesday) Football: UEFA Champions League knock-out round of 16, first leg: Barcelona 2 – 1 Chelsea (BBC) Werder Bremen 0 – 3 Lyon (BBC) Manchester United 0 – 1 A.C. Milan (BBC) Porto 1 – 1 Inter Milan (BBC) Curling – 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts: On the second last day of the round-robin, Jennifer Jones' Manitoba rink pulls out of her first place tie with Saskatchewan, only needing one win against Alberta as Lawton lost both of hers. Jones has a 7–2 record while Lawton, along with Team Canada's Colleen Jones and British Columbia's Kelly Scott sit in second place at a 6–3 record. The top 4 teams in the tournament make the playoffs. (CBC sports) 22 February 2005 (Tuesday) Cricket: Australia (314 for 6) beat New Zealand (208) by 106 runs in the second One Day International. They lead the five-match series 2–0. (Wisden Cricinfo) Football: UEFA Champions League knock-out round of 16, first leg: Real Madrid 1 – 0 Juventus (BBC) Liverpool 3 – 1 Bayer Leverkusen (BBC) PSV 1 – 0 AS Monaco (BBC) Bayern Munich 3 – 1 Arsenal (BBC) Curling – Scott Tournament of Hearts: The defending champion Colleen Jones rink defeats the previously undefeated Saskatchewan rink skipped by Stefanie Lawton. Jones also won her other game against Nova Scotia and sits at 4–3, while Saskatchewan drops into a tie with Manitoba's Jennifer Jones at 6–1. Jennifer Jones has been on a roll as well, only losing to British Columbia's Kelly Scott in Draw 6. (CBC sports) 21 February 2005 (Monday) Curling – Scott Tournament of Hearts: Saskatchewan's Stefanie Lawton remains undefeated at 5–0 after beating Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island. Defending champions Colleen Jones falls to New Brunswick's Sandy Comeau but defeats Alberta and sits tied in sixth place at 2–3. (CBC sports) 20 February 2005 (Sunday) 2005 NBA All-Star Game: The Eastern Conference All-Stars defeat the Western Conference All-Stars 125–115 in Denver. Philadelphia 76ers guard Allen Iverson is named MVP with 15 points and four steals in the game. (NBA) NASCAR: Jeff Gordon wins the Daytona 500 from Kurt Busch and Dale Earnhardt Jr. (NASCAR) Snooker: Ronnie O'Sullivan beats John Higgins 10 frames to 3 to win his second Masters title. (BBC) Football: FA Cup fifth round: Burnley 0 – 0 Blackburn Rovers (BBC) Newcastle United 1 – 0 Chelsea (BBC) Tottenham Hotspur 1 – 1 Nottingham Forest (BBC) Curling – 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts: Manitoba's Jennifer Jones and Saskatchewan's Stefanie Lawton remain the only teams to be undefeated as Jones won both of her games and Lawton her game. Both teams are 3–0. Defending champions, Team Canada skipped by Colleen Jones continues her rough start by losing to Manitoba in their morning draw but rebounding with a win over Newfoundland and Labrador's Heather Strong. Team Canada sits at 1–2. (CBC Sports) 19 February 2005 (Saturday) Football: FA Cup fifth round: Arsenal 1 – 1 Sheffield United Bolton Wanderers 1 – 0 Fulham Charlton Athletic 1 – 2 Leicester City Everton 0 – 2 Manchester United Southampton 2 – 2 Brentford Cricket: Australia (236 for 7) beat New Zealand (226) by just 10 runs in the first One Day International at Wellington. National Hockey League: Despite 6½ hours of talks between the league and its players union today, the two sides were unable to come to an agreement to end the current lockout. The current season remains canceled, now with no hope of resurrection. (AP/Yahoo!) Boxing: Bernard Hopkins makes a successful 20th defense of his middleweight title with a one-sided unanimous decision over Howard Eastman in Los Angeles. Hopkins becomes the first Middleweight champion in boxing history to defend that category's title twenty or more times, and joins Joe Louis and Abe Attell, among few others, in the exclusive group of boxers with 20 or more title defenses in one division. (AP/Yahoo!)(Boxing Central) Curling: The 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national curling championship for women begins play at Mile One Stadium in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Team Canada's Colleen Jones, the defending champion is upset by Jenn Hanna of team Ontario. Elsewhere, former Scott champion Cathy King of Alberta loses both her games. British Columbia's Kelly Scott and Saskatchewan's Stefanie Lawton both are undefeated at 2–0 while Manitoba's Jennifer Jones, Nova Scotia's Kay Zinck, New Brunswick's Sandy Comeau in addition to Hanna are at 1–0. (CBC sports) 18 February 2005 (Friday) American football: New England Patriots linebacker Tedy Bruschi suffers a stroke. Hockey: Reportedly, the National Hockey League and its players' union, the NHL Players Association, have reached agreement on a deal that would allow a shortened season to be played, despite the league's announced cancellation of the season. Reports, denied by both sides, were that a deal would be signed tomorrow. (AP/Yahoo!) Update: The sides met on 19 February, but talks failed. 17 February 2005 (Thursday) Cricket: Australia (214 for 5) defeat New Zealand (170) by 44 runs in the first ever international Twenty20 cricket match. (BBC) Football UEFA Cup, round of 32, first leg: (UEFA.com) Dynamo Kyiv 0 – 0 Villarreal Grazer AK 2 – 2 Middlesbrough Fenerbahçe 0 – 1 Real Zaragoza FC Basel 0 – 0 Lille Alemannia 0 – 0 AZ Heerenveen 1 – 2 Newcastle United CSKA Moscow 2 – 0 Benfica Olympiacos 1 – 0 Sochaux 16 February 2005 (Wednesday) Football UEFA Cup, round of 32, first leg: (UEFA.com) Partizan Belgrade 2–2 Dnipro Shakhtar Donetsk 1–1 Schalke 04 Ajax 1–0 Auxerre Panathinaikos 1–0 Sevilla Parma 0–0 Stuttgart Sporting Lisbon 2–1 Feyenoord Valencia 2–0 Steaua Bucharest Austria Vienna–Athletic Bilbao: postponed, snow. Rescheduled to 24 February; return leg in Bilbao scheduled for 27 February. UEFA has announced that it will send an investigator to Greece to examine match fixing allegations surrounding a December 2004 UEFA Cup tie between Panionios and Dinamo Tbilisi, including possible links to the ongoing match fixing scandal in Germany. (Reuters/Yahoo!) Ice hockey: National Hockey League commissioner Gary Bettman announces the cancellation of the 2004–05 NHL season on account of the ongoing lockout in the first sport in North American history to cancel an entire season due to such a dispute. 15 February 2005 (Tuesday) Cycling: Lance Armstrong announces his intentions to compete for a seventh consecutive win in the upcoming Tour de France, ending speculation as to whether he would race this year or in 2006. (BBC Sport) Football: In the Football for Hope tsunami relief match in Barcelona, a World side captained by Ronaldinho defeats a European side captained by Andriy Shevchenko 6–3. The match, although held in a more than half-empty Nou Camp, raised over US$3 million. (FIFA.com) (AP/Yahoo!) Match fixing scandal in Germany: (AFP/Yahoo!) The German Football Association (DFB) has announced that one of four matches acknowledged to be fixed by Robert Hoyzer, a 22 October 2004 2. Bundesliga fixture between Ahlen and Wacker Burghausen, will be replayed. The DFB also suspended referee Dominik Marks after it was alleged that he received EUR 36,000 for fixing two matches. The police are set to interrogate Hoyzer about a total of 63 matches in which he was involved. April Heinrichs resigns her position as coach of the United States women's national soccer team. (AP/Yahoo!) Formula One: Minardi confirmed Austrian Patrick Friesacher as their second driver for the 2005 season, to partner Christijan Albers. 14 February 2005 (Monday) Hare coursing: As the final Waterloo Cup event in England starts in Altcar, four anti-coursing protesters are arrested. The event is expected to attract up to 10,000 spectators over its 3 days. (BBC) (BBC) Ice hockey: After last-minute talks between the National Hockey League and the league's players' union failed to resolve the current labor dispute, the NHL has scheduled a press conference on 16 February, at which it is expected to call off the 2004–05 season. (AP/Yahoo!) The Boston University Terriers defeat the Northeastern Huskies 3–2 in overtime to win the 53rd annual Beanpot hockey tournament. (AP/ESPN) American football: Arizona businessman Reggie Fowler agrees to buy the Minnesota Vikings from Red McCombs for US$625 million, possibly becoming the first African-American owner of an NFL team (subject to NFL approval). However, this is soon overshadowed by a number of public relations gaffes by Fowler and his associates—most notably, padding his résumé with false or misleading information. (CNN/SI) 13 February 2005 (Sunday) American Football: Pro Bowl – In the concluding game of the 2004–2005 NFL season, held in Hawaii, the AFC all-stars beat the NFC by the score of 38–27. Basketball: Karl Malone the Mailman retires. Cricket: South Africa (241 for 7) beat England (240) by 3 wickets in the seventh and final One Day International at Pretoria, winning the ODI series 4–1. (BBC) Rugby union – Six Nations: In the final match of the second round at Twickenham in London, France comes back from a 17–6 halftime deficit to defeat England 18–17. (BBC) 12 February 2005 (Saturday) Football: Disgraced German referee Robert Hoyzer is formally arrested after German prosecutors find evidence that he may have fixed more matches than those he has admitted to manipulating. (Reuters/Yahoo!) Rugby union – Six Nations: In the second round of matches, Wales record their first away win in the Six Nations for nearly four years when they defeat Italy 8–38 in Rome's Stadio Flaminio. (BBC). Meanwhile, despite injuries sustained in last week's match against Italy, Ireland overwhelm Scotland by 13–40 at Edinburgh's Murrayfield. (BBC) College basketball (men): Illinois defeats Wisconsin to go 25–0 for the season. (ESPN) NBA (NBA): Flip Saunders is fired as head coach of the underachieving Minnesota Timberwolves following a 25–26 start, which came in spite of having virtually the same team that they had when they posted the best record in the Western Conference the previous year. ESPN.com Allen Iverson scores a career- and season-high 60 points as the Philadelphia 76ers defeat the Orlando Magic 112–99 in Philadelphia. (NBA) Detroit Pistons 107, Washington Wizards 86 in Auburn Hills, Michigan. (NBA) Milwaukee Bucks 113, Atlanta Hawks 83 in Milwaukee. (NBA) 11 February 2005 (Friday) Football: The German Football Association (DFB) announces it will pay Bundesliga club Hamburger SV €500,000 as direct compensation for its tainted DFB-Pokal loss in August 2004, which was one of several games fixed by disgraced referee Robert Hoyzer. The DFB also announced that a Germany international friendly will be played at Hamburg's AOL Arena in October 2005, with a potential extra profit of €1.5 million to HSV. (AFP/Yahoo!) NBA: Basketball great Karl Malone announces his retirement on Sunday (AP/Yahoo!), while Reggie Miller announces his retirement effective at the end of this season. (AP/Yahoo!) 10 February 2005 (Thursday) Cricket: The sixth One Day International between South Africa and England at Durban is abandoned at the half-way point due to bad weather, handing victory in the series to South Africa with one match left to play. (Wisden Cricinfo) Football (soccer): Match fixing scandal in Germany Disgraced referee Robert Hoyzer has been suspended by the German Football Association (DFB) for "unsportsmanlike conduct." He faces a formal DFB hearing that could lead to a lifetime ban, and possible criminal prosecution that could result in a prison sentence of up to 10 years. (AP/Yahoo!) Police in Austria are launching an investigation into whether a goalkeeper for the Austrian first division club SW Bregenz is involved with the match-fixing ring. Hoyzer has reportedly told German authorities that there was a link between the ring and the Austrian club. (Reuters/Yahoo!) NBA: Indiana Pacers great Reggie Miller will retire at the end of the current season, according to a report on TNT by his older sister Cheryl Miller, a former basketball great in her own right. (AP/Yahoo!) 9 February 2005 (Wednesday) National Basketball Association (NBA): After being down by 18 points at halftime, the Boston Celtics put together a 16–0 run in the fourth quarter to defeat the Los Angeles Clippers 94–89 in Boston. (NBA) Indiana Pacers 94, Charlotte Bobcats 87 in Indianapolis. (NBA) Washington Wizards 95, San Antonio Spurs 87 in Washington, D.C. (NBA) Milwaukee Bucks 110, Toronto Raptors 107 in Toronto. (NBA) Memphis Grizzlies 98, Philadelphia 76ers 95 in Philadelphia. (NBA) Miami Heat 116, New York Knicks 110 OT in New York. (NBA) Los Angeles Lakers 104, New Jersey Nets 103 OT in East Rutherford, New Jersey (NBA) Minnesota Timberwolves 98, Denver Nuggets 92 in Minneapolis. (NBA) Houston Rockets 105, Chicago Bulls 92 in Houston. (NBA) New Orleans Hornets 91, Portland Trail Blazers 80 in Portland. (NBA) Football (soccer): 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying continues in four regions: Asia: Stage 3, Matchday 1 of 6 Korea Republic 2–0 Kuwait Japan 2–1 Korea DPR Bahrain 0–0 Iran Uzbekistan 1–1 Saudi Arabia Africa: Morocco 5–1 Kenya Europe Spain 5–0 San Marino Greece 2–1 Denmark Albania 0–2 Ukraine Macedonia FYR 1–1 Andorra CONCACAF: Final Stage, Matchday 1 of 10 Costa Rica 1–2 Mexico Trinidad and Tobago 1–2 United States Panama 0–0 Guatemala Cricket: South Africa (311 for 7) beat England (304 for 8) by 7 runs in the closely fought fifth One Day International at East London, taking an unassailable 3–1 lead in the seven-match series. (Wisden Cricinfo) Doping, cross-country skiing: French skier Vincent Vittoz, currently ranked No. 2 in the XC skiing World Cup season, is cleared of the charges of having taken the banned diuretic furosemide. Part B of the drug test process removed the doubts. (eurosport.com) 8 February 2005 (Tuesday) Snooker: After hearing of a sponsorship deal from HP Foods, makers of brown sauce, whereby the HP logo will be present on the brown ball at all major tournaments, Jimmy White announces he has changed his name by deed poll to 'Jimmy Brown', and will wear brown clothing with a blue bow tie when competing at the upcoming Masters tournament. He has not ruled out either changing his name back after the tournament or keeping his new name. 7 February 2005 (Monday) Sailing: Ellen MacArthur breaks the record for a single-handed non-stop round-the-world voyage, with a time of 71 days, 14 hours, 18 minutes and 33 seconds for the 27,000-mile voyage. (BBC) 6 February 2005 (Sunday) American football: Super Bowl XXXIX: The New England Patriots becomes the first team since the 1997–1998 Denver Broncos to repeat as World Champions in their defeat of the Philadelphia Eagles 24–21 in Jacksonville, Florida. In the process, Deion Branch, the game's most valuable player, gets a Super Bowl-tying record 11 passes for 133 yards. (AP/Yahoo!) (AP/ESPN) Rugby union – Six Nations: In the final game of the opening round of matches, Ireland defeat Italy in Rome 28–17 after a hard-fought match, with Italy scoring a last-minute try. Ireland stars Brian O'Driscoll and Gordon D'Arcy both suffered hamstring injuries and are doubtful for next week's match at Murrayfield against Scotland. (BBC) Cricket: South Africa (291 for 5) beat England (183) by 108 runs in the fourth One Day International at Cape Town, taking a 2–1 lead in the seven-match series. (Wisden Cricinfo) Australia (239 for 9) beat Pakistan (208) by 21 runs to win the final of the VB Series at Sydney. (Wisden Cricinfo) Handball: the 2005 World Men's Handball Championship title goes to Spain who defeat Croatia in the final 40:34, while France beat Tunisia by just one goal (26:25) to get the bronze. (AP/Yahoo!) (Eurosport) Cycling: Australia's Graeme Brown wins his fifth stage in the Tour de Langkawi. The winner of the overall ranking is Ryan Cox (South Africa) 5 February 2005 (Saturday) National Football League: Quarterbacks Dan Marino and Steve Young are selected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in their first years of eligibility. They are joined by two early NFL pioneers, quarterback Benny Friedman and Fritz Pollard, the first prominent African-American in the NFL. (AP/Yahoo!) Rugby union – Six Nations: In the opener of the competition in Saint-Denis, France, France comes back from a 9–0 deficit early in the second half to defeat Scotland 16–9. (BBC) Meanwhile, Wales beat England 11–9 at the Millennium Stadium to claim their first victory over England at Cardiff since 1993. (BBC) Handball: Semifinals of the 2005 World Men's Handball Championship: Spain defeats the host Tunisia, while France loses to reigning champions Croatia. 4 February 2005 (Friday) Football: The parent company of 115-year-old Servette Football Club from Geneva, Switzerland, is declared bankrupt with debts of over 10 million Swiss francs. The club will be demoted two divisions. (SBS) Cricket: South Africa (270 for 7) beat England (267 for 8) by three wickets in the third One Day International at Port Elizabeth, levelling the one-day series at 1–1. (BBC) Australia (237) beat Pakistan (219 for 9) by 18 runs in the first match of the three-match final of the VB Series. (BBC) Cycling: Ryan Cox (South Africa) wins the eighth stage in the Tour de Langkawi. It is the heaviest stage, with the finish on Genting Highlands. (Eurosport) Rugby league: Leeds Rhinos of the Super League defeat the Canterbury Bulldogs of the NRL 39–32 in a bruising World Club Challenge at Elland Road, Leeds, despite a spirited Canterbury come-back in the second half after being 26–6 down at half-time. (BBC) 3 February 2005 (Thursday) A National Hockey League team owner, requesting anonymity, expects the league to cancel the season after labor negotiations have gone nowhere for weeks. (AP/Yahoo!) Basketball: Ashley McElhiney announced that she is staying on as head coach of the ABA Nashville Rhythm. This decision came after the announcement of her firing by the team's co-owner courtside during a game on Saturday. (AP/Yahoo!) National Football League: Legendary running back Emmitt Smith announces his retirement from the sport. Smith racked up 18,355 rushing yards and scored 164 touchdowns during his remarkable career. (AP/Yahoo!) Doping, cross-country skiing: French skier Vincent Vittoz, currently ranked No. 2 in the XC skiing World Cup season, submits a positive drug test on the banned diuretic furosemide. Part B of the test process will remove any doubts as to whether the drug was actually taken or not. (AP/Skiracing.com) Update: Vittoz cleared of charges; see 9 February. Football (soccer): UEFA announces that clubs competing in the Champions League and UEFA Cup will have to include four 'homegrown' players in their 25-man squad from 2006. (BBC) UEFA also confirm that they have signed a memorandum of understanding with leading betting exchange Betfair in an effort to curb match fixing. (Soccer365) Formula One: The Jordan team confirmed that Tiago Monteiro and Narain Karthikeyan would drive for them in the 2005 season. (JordanF1.com) 2 February 2005 (Wednesday) National Basketball Association (NBA): Rudy Tomjanovich steps down as head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers, citing health reasons. (AP/Yahoo!) Boston Celtics 110, New Jersey Nets 86 in Boston. (NBA) Houston Rockets 118, Philadelphia 76ers 95 in Philadelphia. (NBA) Toronto Raptors 98, Indiana Pacers 97 in Indianapolis. (NBA) Detroit Pistons 99, Atlanta Hawks 84 in Auburn Hills, Michigan. (NBA) Phoenix Suns 108, Minnesota Timberwolves 79 in Minneapolis. (NBA) Dallas Mavericks 90, New Orleans Hornets 82 in New Orleans. (NBA) Portland Trail Blazers 97, Denver Nuggets 92 in Portland. (NBA) Sacramento Kings 111, Golden State Warriors 107 in overtime in Oakland. (NBA) Cricket: South Africa (270 for 8) tie with England (270 for 5) in a dramatic conclusion to the second One Day International at Bloemfontein. (BBC) Football: Prosecutors in Berlin have confirmed that police raided the premises of 19 suspects in the ongoing German match fixing scandal and found information that may implicate as many as 25 people in fixing ten matches in 2004 alone. In addition to disgraced referee and admitted fixer Robert Hoyzer, 14 players and three referees are suspected of involvement. The three Hertha BSC Berlin players previously linked to the scandal have been cleared. (AFP/Yahoo!) 1 February 2005 (Tuesday) Doping: Scientists at the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) have discovered a new designer steroid, called Desoxy-Methyl Testosterone, or DMT, which has the ability to increase strength, muscle bulk and stamina. The steroid appears to be a new generation of tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), but is much more sophisticated than any previously discovered steroid for doping use. (CBC Sports) Football: Ten countries have submitted eight bids to UEFA to host the 2012 European Football Championship finals. They are joint bids from Poland-Ukraine, Croatia-Hungary, and individual bids from Greece, Italy, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. Candidate bids have to submit their dossiers to UEFA by 21 July; a shortlist of three candidacies will be chosen in November, and the successful bid will be chosen in December 2006. The 2008 finals will be held in Austria and Switzerland. (Reuters). Cricket: Pakistan (307 for 8) beat the West Indies (277) by 30 runs to win a place in the final of the VB Series against Australia. (BBC) 2005-02
Riadh Ghandri (born 18 February 1973) is a Tunisian volleyball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics. References 1973 births Living people Tunisian men's volleyball players Olympic volleyball players for Tunisia Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing (living people)
Scarus flavipectoralis, the yellow-fin parrotfish, also known as the king parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish in the family Scaridae. It is found in the western Central Pacific from the Philippines east to the Solomon Islands, north to the Marshall Islands and south to Scott Reef and the Great Barrier Reef, it has also been recorded from Tonga. References External links flavipectorialis Taxa named by Leonard Peter Schultz Fish described in 1958
Jazmurian () may refer to: Jazmurian County Jazmurian Rural District
Londo Mollari is a fictional character in the universe of the science fiction television series Babylon 5, played by Peter Jurasik. Although Londo began as a supporting player in the early episodes, his actions and character development as the series progressed had an immeasurable effect on the show, making him one of the more significant characters in the series. He begins as an apparent stock character assigned to the role of loud, jovial comic relief. Later in the series, he is shown to be an embittered patriot of a dying empire, eager to restore its primacy. In doing so, he becomes largely an unwitting pawn of the Shadows, and the intrigues that he engages in are central to the show's plot. Mollari is also a man of honor, and the moral consequences of his plots weigh heavily on him. By the series' end, he finally makes things right at the cost of his own life. Character description Overview Londo Mollari is a member of one of the oldest Noble Houses of the Centauri Republic. He is a mercurial personality given to extreme manifestations of anger, sadness, or joviality, depending on the power of the catalyst provoking them. While he is an avid hedonist who is fond of drink and leisure, he is also a devout Centauri patriot and would gladly give his life without hesitation to protect the Republic. A staunch traditionalist, Londo has a profound sense of pride which is tied to the heritage of the Centauri imperial history, when the republic was a vast empire with tremendous influence across the known galaxy; Londo was once a military officer with several heroic accomplishments, which he relishes and often reminisces on when intoxicated. But the decline of the expansionist tradition has weakened the prestige of the Centauri Republic in the eyes of the galactic community, particularly the emancipation of the Narn homeworld from Centauri colonial rule. These developments have wounded Londo's pride in his people and himself, and he is extremely bitter about his people's loss of face. He resents the Narn for their eventual success in establishing themselves as a viable independent power and for what he feels is their part in the increasingly unimportant and humiliating political positions he has held in the latter years of his life, most of which were diplomatic titles with little significance in the royal court. Londo's greatest desire is to see the restoration of the Centauri Republic to the glory and influence it held in older times, and it is this desperate longing that proves the undoing of himself and his people. Despite his temperamental and stodgy nature, Londo himself is largely devoid of malice. His bigotry towards other races, particularly the Narns, is largely based on habituation and national identity rather than actual hatred; he is rather fond of humans given the similarities in behavior between them and his own people, and speaks in obvious admiration of the human military's tenacity during the Earth–Minbari war. Londo is averse to violence and is often at odds with himself over his desire for military victory and the horror he feels at the suffering and death of others; when he is present at the Second Conquest of Narn, he is visibly sickened by the level of destruction and death he has semi-unwittingly caused and later challenges Lord Refa over his use of outlawed Mass Drivers in the planetary assault on Narn. He yearns for honor and respect, but is often uncomfortable with the cost and responsibilities that come with it. Londo is very appreciative of his friends and reluctantly tolerant of insincerity; he often chooses the friendship of people with temperaments similar to his own but with personalities suited towards brutal honesty (Michael Garibaldi) or sincere naivety (Lennier, Vir Cotto). Of the three wives he possesses, the only one he does not divorce is his abrasive wife Timov (who absolutely despises him and shows him not the slightest shred of respect) because her scathing honesty is preferable to the feigned friendliness and scheming of the other two. His greatest love, other than his people, is the romantic company of Lady Adira, a former slave and dancer whose benign and sincere nature pierced all the practised cynicism he has built over the course of his life. One of Londo's few real friends is Urza Jaddo, whom Londo must kill in a duel because of the intrigues of Lord Refa. Londo's closest friend is his attache Vir Cotto. Initially, the two had a comically adversarial relationship: Vir was guileless, naive and extremely honest and empathetic, making him completely inept at Centauri political process, which irked Londo no end. Londo thoroughly enjoyed tormenting him with outrageous demands and workloads in an attempt to train him to be a more efficient Centauri, but over the course of The Shadow War, the Earth Civil War, and the rebuilding of Centauri, the two became almost inseparable. Though Londo never truly abandons his playful condescension towards Vir for his beneficence and even disagrees with his empathy at times, Londo admires and envies Vir's innocence and respects his opinion and assistance throughout his career. The onset of the wars that nearly consume the galaxy in the series – especially his own complicity in their occurrence – changes Londo from an embittered patriot longing for the old days to a more introspective and sympathetic man determined to rebuild not just his own society, but that of others; prior to his coronation as Emperor, he becomes a significant force in emancipating and restoring Narn and in assisting the Interstellar Alliance in bringing peace to the galaxy. Ambassador to Babylon 5 The Centauri culture in the series is patterned on the conventions of early imperial Rome (which still fancied itself a Republic despite having an Emperor at its head) and portrayed with a nod to the visualizations of the empire depicted in the Dune motion picture (with futuristic versions of 18th-century uniform and clothes as the choice for Centauri attire). The Centauri state is depicted in decline: it falls prey to decadence and internal politics even while it hungers to return to its days of glory. As such, Londo is depicted as a reflection of the society from which he comes. In the words of series creator J. Michael Straczynski, he is "overweight, prone to gambling constantly (null-pool is his favorite) and fond of women and drinks". Considered something of a buffoon even among the Centauri, Londo has been assigned the post of Centauri Ambassador to Babylon 5 to keep him out of the way (according to Babylon 5: In the Beginning he used to be the official Centauri Ambassador on Earth). At the start of the series, Londo seems to be ineffective in his role as ambassador. His drunken temper tantrums and posturing upon the glories of the "Great Centauri Past" make him appear to be a buffoon. However, he climbs Centauri Prime's political ladder through manipulating his people's hatred of the Narn Regime (former slaves of the Centauri, who fought for and won their independence). Indeed, Londo has a hatred for the Narn Ambassador, G'Kar when the series begins. Gradually, however, this softens as time passes. Towards the end of the series, Londo and G'Kar put their differences aside and for the most part, become friends, of sorts. His cynical political ambition – and his sincere craving to restore the pre-eminence of Centauri Prime – make him into the perfect target for the dark and mysterious Morden, who is secretly representing the Shadows as they work to rebuild their strength. Morden asks each of the major Ambassadors one question – "What do you want?" – only Londo gives him the appropriate answer: glory and prestige for himself and the Centauri. Through the course of the series, Morden and his "Associates" repeatedly give Londo exactly what he asks for, which proves to be far from what Londo actually wants. As Narn fleets continue to be wiped out without any survivors to explain how, Londo takes credit and attracts a great deal of much-desired attention and power, never questioning the consequences of his alliance with the Shadows until it is far too late. Eventually, after having proved the capability of his "Associates" beyond any doubt, Morden begins to request favors from Londo. Londo, driven by his own pride as well as his fear that Morden may leave and turn elsewhere for help, gives in each time. Despite his conscience bothering him about the nature of these requests, he finds himself unable to sever his connection with Morden. Saving Centauri Prime As the events of the Shadow War come to a peak, Mollari is promoted to the position of advisor on planetary security, which requires him to return to his home world. Mollari is angered by the promotion, understanding that it is not a reward for his service but a leash to keep him and his newfound power under control. Upon his return to Centauri Prime, Mollari discovers that the young Emperor Cartagia, whose ascent to the throne he personally endorsed, is insane and has allowed the Shadows to establish a base on Centauri Prime. At the same time, the Vorlons have begun a campaign to completely destroy any planet where the Shadows have influence. In his insanity, Cartagia believes the Shadows would elevate him to godhood and insists they stay. Mollari realized that in order to deal with the Shadows and save his world from the Vorlons, Cartagia must be killed. Mollari begins a conspiracy to have Cartagia assassinated, with the help of Vir Cotto, a number of high-ranking Centauri, and G'Kar, who is Cartagia's prisoner at the time. They plan to lure Cartagia to Narn, where he will be away from the majority of his guards and vulnerable. There, G'Kar will be able to create a security threat by escaping, and in the confusion Londo will kill Cartagia by injecting him with a poison that will cause both of his hearts to shut down. The plot succeeds, although as it turns out, Cartagia attacks Londo and Vir must inject the poison. After the Emperor is pronounced dead, Mollari fulfills a promise to G'Kar, that in return for his help, Narn will be freed from Centauri rule (although the Narn believe that they have once again driven the Centauri away "through strength"). With Cartagia dead and a Vorlon fleet en route to destroy Centauri Prime, Mollari is promoted to the position of Prime Minister, making him temporarily head of state until a new Emperor can be elected. With his new power, Mollari proceeds to blow up the Shadow base on Centauri Prime, and then execute their agent, Morden – who, he discovers, had Adira killed. He believes that this would redeem Centauri Prime from being destroyed by the Vorlons; however, Vir realizes that Londo himself has been influenced and used by the Shadows, and so the Vorlons would want him destroyed too. As the Vorlon fleet comes into orbit around Centauri Prime, blotting out the sun, it becomes clear that the Vorlons would destroy the whole planet just to get Mollari. Londo implores Vir to kill him and show the Vorlons he had done it, but is saved by the fact that at the same time, in another part of the galaxy, a fleet led by Sheridan is battling the Shadows and Vorlons at Corianna 6 (Sheridan's fleet's final battle, as it turns out), and the Vorlons call in all their remaining ships to help. Thus Vir does not have to kill Londo, and the planet is spared. But in saving Centauri Prime, Londo has unknowingly doomed his world to a different fate that will be almost as terrible. Emperor Mollari II Following the galactic war with the Shadows, Mollari eventually rises to become Emperor of the Centauri Republic, taking the title Emperor Mollari II (since another member of his family was Emperor in the past). One of his first acts as the new Emperor is to name Vir Cotto as his replacement on Babylon 5— a job not highly prized because of the earlier Centauri conquest of Narn— though Londo knows that Vir will fulfill the job dutifully, even if some of the other ambassadors distrust him. Before his official installation as Emperor Mollari II, Londo confides in his now ex-bodyguard, Ambassador G'Kar, "When we met, I had no power and all the choices I could ever want. Now I have all the power I could ever want and no choices at all." At the end of the fifth season, it is revealed that the Drakh had manipulated the Interstellar Alliance into attacking the Centauri Homeworld and decided they needed Londo to be Emperor. The Regent, Virini, dies when his keeper is removed, and another keeper is attached to Londo. For the next 15 years, Londo reigns as Emperor. He soon learns that alcohol puts the Keeper to sleep, allowing him a few minutes of freedom. When the Drakh kidnap David Sheridan, the son of John and Delenn, the couple come to Centauri Prime to free him. Both Sheridan and Delenn are captured by the Centauri. Mollari tries to force the Drakh to leave; they respond by exploding fusion bombs they had planted on the surface of the planet. Mollari is told to execute Sheridan and is able to convince his Keeper that he will soon kill both Sheridan and Delenn. He then ingests enough alcohol to put the Keeper to sleep and frees Sheridan, Delenn, and their son in exchange for their help in freeing the Centauri from the Drakh. Mollari knows that his Keeper will soon wake up and alert the other Drakh that he had set his friends free, and that the Drakh will kill them, and then kill him for his betrayal. G'Kar enters the throne room. Mollari explains the situation and begs G'Kar to kill him before the Keeper wakes up, saying "I am as tired of my life as you are." G'Kar begins to crush Mollari's throat, but does not finish before the Keeper awakens. The Keeper seizes control of Mollari and retaliates. Mollari and G'Kar finally die at each other's hands, just as Londo has predicted 20 years before. A few hours before his death, in the events of Babylon 5: In the Beginning, Mollari had a random encounter with two Centauri children (who turned out to be the nephew and niece of Urza Jaddo, while their governess, Senna, proved to be the daughter of Lord Refa). He granted them a favor by telling them the tale of the Earth-Minbari War. He also commented upon the terrible events that had befallen Centauri Prime, saying that while he had cared for each of his wives in his own way, he loved Centauri Prime the most, and that everything he had done had been "for her". Following Mollari's death, Vir Cotto finds Mollari and G'Kar's lifeless bodies on the floor of the throne room. He manages to escape from the Centauri homeworld (avoiding the inevitable Drakh attempt to place a Keeper on him), and goes to Minbar. In a conference with the surviving members of the Centauri houses, Cotto is named the next Emperor, fulfilling Lady Morella's prophecy that both Londo and Vir would be Emperor, but one would be Emperor only after the other's death. Emperor Cotto is able to finally free his homeworld from the clutches of the Drakh. To commemorate Londo and G'Kar, he orders twin statues of them erected in front of the Centauri Royal Palace, symbolically guarding the city and watching each other's backs. In 2281, John Sheridan is dying. Emperor Cotto goes to Minbar for one last meal with Sheridan and his friends. When the time comes to remember all who died, Cotto raises his glass to the memory of Londo Mollari. Reception and literary analysis Londo has been subject to literary analysis, for example as a leader. References Babylon 5 characters Fictional emperors and empresses Fictional gamblers Television characters introduced in 1993 ru:Список персонажей телесериала «Вавилон-5»#Лондо Моллари sv:Babylon 5#Viktiga karaktärer i serien
The Russian-language surname Toporov (feminine: Toporova) is derived from the word topor, "axe". The surname may refer to: Vladimir Toporov, Russian philologist Sergei Toporov, Russian football player and coach See also Topor (surname) Russian-language surnames
The Arve Valley (La vallée de l'Arve) is an alpine valley located in the French Haute-Savoie department. The namesake of the valley is the river at the bottom: the Arve. The valley as a whole makes up the majority of Faucigny, one of the Natural Regions of France, and one of six that make up the Savoie region. Geography The Arve Valley consists of the upper reaches of the river Arve, whose source is in the Mont Blanc massif, on the Savoyard Col-du-Balme side. Down stream, the river passes through the plain of Annemassy, before emptying into the Rhône in the Swiss canton of Geneva. The Valley came into being during the last ice age when the Alpine glaciers extended beyond Geneva. There is controversy over the true extent of the upper valley. The broadest definition makes the start upstream of Sallanches, including Passy and the valleys of Mégève, Montjoie, and Chamonix. This also describes the region of "Mont Blanc country" (Pays du Mont Blanc.) Some consider the upper valley to only include the valley of Chamonix. This valley stretches, from downstream, through the communes of Servoz, Les Houches, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc and Vallorcine. History Historically, the valley was a part of Farcigny, which was ceded to the Count of Savoie during the reign of Amadeus VI in 1355. Urbanisation The bottom of the valley is heavily urbanised including the cities/towns of: Chamonix (including Les Houches, Servoz, Les Bossons, Argenitière...) Sallanches, Passy and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains Cluses Scionzier Bonneville References Geneva Haute-Savoie Mont Blanc massif
is an anime television series produced by Lay-duce. It is based on the song "Heroine Tarumono!", which is part of the Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai: Ren'ai Series Vocaloid song project by HoneyWorks. The series aired from April to June 2022. Synopsis After leaving her rural hometown to pursue a career in track & field by enrolling in Tokyo's Sakuragaoka High School, Hiyori Suzumi becomes manager-in-training for the high school idol duo LIP×LIP, who happen to be her classmates. Hijinks ensue as she tries to balance track, schoolwork, making new friends, and working in secret to manage LIP×LIP. Characters A first-year student and a newcomer to Tokyo. She transferred there from the countryside in order to pursue track and field. She becomes an apprentice manager to LIP×LIP after she met them during her first day at school. A first-year student and Hiyori's classmate. He and Aizō are both members of LIP×LIP. A first-year student and Hiyori's classmate. He and Yūjirō are both members of LIP×LIP. A first-year student and Hiyori's classmate and friend. She is a gyaru. A first-year student and Hiyori's classmate. She is a big fan of LIP×LIP and at one point became jealous of Hiyori after discovering she had become close to them. A former colleague of Hiyori Suzumi, her current love interest, and a track and field runner. A second-year student, who is close friends with Kotaro and becomes friend with Hiyori. She first appeared in Zutto Mae Kara Suki Deshita. A second-year student, who is close friends with Hina. He first appeared in Zutto Mae Kara Suki Deshita. Full Throttle4 YUI RIO MEGU DAI IV Production and release The anime project was announced on August 28, 2021. It is produced by Lay-duce and directed by Noriko Hashimoto, with Yoshimi Narita overseeing the series' scripts, Kaori Ishii designing the characters and serving as chief animation director, and Moe Hyūga composing the music. The series aired from April 7 to June 23, 2022, on Tokyo MX, BS Fuji, MBS, and AT-X. The opening theme song is "Julietta" by the in-story group LIP×LIP, while the ending theme song is "Tokyo Sunny Party" by Inori Minase, Ayane Sakura, and Saori Hayami. Crunchyroll has licensed the series. On April 11, 2022, Crunchyroll announced that the series would receive an English dub, which premiered on April 21 and is produced by the in-house cast in Texas. Episode list Notes References External links 2022 anime television series debuts Anime with original screenplays Crunchyroll anime Lay-duce
is an art museum on Kōya-san, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, preserving and displaying Buddhist art owned by temples on Kōya-san. The collection is centered around articles from the Heian and Kamakura periods and includes paintings, calligraphy, sutras, sculpture and Buddhist ritual objects. Among these are a set of the complete Buddhist canon (issaikyō), writings of Kūkai and Minamoto no Yoritomo, founder of the Kamakura Shogunate, mandalas and portraits of priests. The most valuable objects have been designated as National Treasure or Important Cultural Property. History Kōbō-Daishi, founder of Shingon Buddhism was a proponent of religious art as a way to enlightenment. Consequently, Shingon temples such as on Koyasan are among Japan's greatest repositories of Buddhist art. Initially, Koyasan's religious treasures were spread among the various subtemples with the highest concentration at Kongōbu-ji. Valuable objects were either locked away or — if used liturgically — placed at a distance from the viewer and often poorly lit. Repeatedly unrolling handscrolls or paintings on scrolls on request of visitors caused further damage. Following the Meiji Restoration, at the end of the 19th century, the government introduced a policy of separation of Shinto and Buddhism (Shinbutsu bunri) and many Buddhist temples became destitute. Some of Koyasan's artworks ended up in collections of museums in Tokyo, Kyoto or Nara or were sold to private persons, both domestically and to foreigners. In order to stop the outflow of cultural properties the government passed a series of laws starting with the in 1897 and continuing with the in 1929 and the from 1950 which, after a number of revisions and extension, is still effective today. The Koyasan Reihōkan was established with the help of volunteers by Kongōbu-ji, the head temple at Koyasan, with the aim to preserve and exhibit the precious religious and cultural heritage of Koyasan. Construction of the building in a wooded area southwest of Daishi Kyōkai, the administrative center of Shingon Buddhism, was completed on 30 September 1920. This first museum consisted of two connected halls and was designed to vaguely resemble the Phoenix Hall at Byōdō-in, Uji. The opening of the museum was celebrated on 15 May 1921 and the head priest of Kongōbu-ji, Hōryū Doki (土宜法龍) assumed the position of first director. Subsequently, the temple's head priests continued to work as museum director. On 16 September 1957, the was established and the museum put under its control. On 1 May 1961, the museum was expanded with the construction of the , at the time the biggest of its kind in Japan and used mainly for nationally designated tangible cultural properties of the fine arts and crafts type. In 1984, on the 1150th anniversary of Kōbō-Daishi entering the state of eternal meditation (nyūjō (入定)), a new large standalone and fireproof building was constructed to the east of the old structure, effectively doubling the display space. It also provided the museum with modern features such as proper lighting, full temperature and humidity control; things that are still lacking in the old structure today. On 5 May 1988 five buildings of the museum were designated as registered tangible cultural property. The storage space was further extended in 2003. The admission office and the three museum buildings are connected by sheltered walkways. Collection The museum stores more than 50,000 artifacts of which more than 28,000 have been designated as valuable. This includes 186 objects or sets of objects designated as 21 National Treasures (about 4800 articles), 147 Important Cultural Properties (about 20,000 articles), 16 Important Cultural Properties of Wakayama Prefecture (about 2850 articles) and 2 Important Works of Art. National Treasures Paintings Eight National Treasure paintings owned by six of Koyasan's temples are stored at the Reihōkan. A hanging scroll showing the has been designated as National Treasure. Painted by in 1145 Heian period with color on silk, the scroll is owned by Kongōbu-ji. , owned by Kongōbu-ji is a large scale, hanging scroll painted with color on silk. Dated to 1086, Heian period, it is a type of Nirvana painting (nehan-zu) depicting the death and entrance to nirvana of the historical Buddha (Shaka). Typical for this kid of paintings, Shaka is shown lying on his deathbed surrounded by mourners. This painting is the oldest extant and finest of its type. The is a 12th-century Heian period hanging scroll owned by . The scroll painted in colors on silk measures . An inscription on the top tells of a wooden sculpture of Gonsō being created after his death by his pupils praying for happiness in the next world and praising Gonsō's learning and virtue. The triptych depicts Amida Nyorai, surrounded by Buddhist saints playing musical instruments, come to greet the spirits of the deceased to escort them to the Pure Land, a topic known as raigō-zu (来迎図). Painted on three hanging scrolls with color on silk, this work dates to around 1200, the turn from the Heian to the Kamakura period and is owned by . Originally consisting of five scrolls, the mid-Heian period treasure known as now consists of only three hanging scrolls after two were destroyed by fire in 1888. Painted with color on silk, the remaining scrolls show (), () and (). Owned by , they are in custody at the Reihōkan. owns a 12th-century, Heian period hanging scroll painted with color on silk showing the , a manifestation of Kannon who calms the raging waters. Literally the term Senchū Yūgen means inspired vision while on a boat. It is said that this Kannon appeared to the monk and founder of Shingon Buddhism, Kūkai in 806 while on a boat to China. Having the appearance of a deva and crowned with flowers, Senchū Yūgen Kannon is shown calming the waves with the hands. A Kamakura period hanging scroll of an is held at the museum. Painted with color on silk, the scroll measures . Ike no Taiga, among the most famous Edo period painters, decorated fusuma sliding partitions with landscape scenes in the nanga style. The designated National Treasure known as consists of ten paintings with color on paper. Sculptures There are two National Treasures in the sculpture category, both owned by Kongōbu-ji. An 8th century Tang dynasty brought back from China by Kūkai is stored at the museum. This sandalwood, carving contains various Buddhist images. Six of the group of , the oldest, dating to 1197 Kamakura period by Unkei are National Treasures: , , , , , . The remaining two (, ) were produced in the 14th century and are not included in this nomination. The group, made of colored hinoki wood with crystal eyes, was formerly enshrined in the . All sculptures are around in size, specifically: (Ekō), (Eki), (Ukubaga), (Shōjō), (Kongara), (Seitaka). Crafts A and plover motifs from the 12th century Heian period is the only crafts National Treasure at the museum. The chest is covered with black lacquer and gold dust has been sprinkled to form the image of plovers playing in the marsh. It is thought that the chest was once used to store Buddhist scriptures. Writings Koyasan Reihōkan holds ten National Treasures related to writing, including six that are copies of sutras or sets of sutras, one religious study, two Japanese manuscripts of parts of the Wenguan cilin and one large set of ancient documents related to Mount Kōya. Buddhist writings Sutras Known as or is a large-scale collection of sutras, Buddhist regulations and sutra explanations initiated by Fujiwara no Kiyohira; dedicated to Chūson-ji and later presented to Kongōbu-ji by Toyotomi Hidetsugu. The articles are decorated with various pictures in gold and silver paint. A set of 15 similar scrolls that were part of the same collection remained at Chūson-ji and are part of another National Treasure. The items date to the Heian period from the second month 1117 to the third month 1126. In total there are 4,296 items: handscrolls with gold and silver letters on indigo blue paper. There are several National Treasures related to copies of specific sutras, including 18 handscrolls of the from the 8th century Nara period held by ; seven scrolls of the (vol. 3 missing) from also from the 8th century, and one scroll, vol. 6 of the from the Heian period owned by Kongōbu-ji. The latter is notable for being written on colored paper. owns two treasures of the Konkōmyō Saishōō Sutra from the 8th century Nara period: one, consisting of ten scrolls and known as was one of the sutras enshrined in the state-sponsored "Temples for the Protection of the State by the Golden Light (of the) Four Heavenly Kings" founded by Emperor Shōmu. The other, , consisting of two scroll is unusual in having 34 characters per line instead of the usual 17. Treatises, commentaries Written in 797 by the 24 year old monk and founder of Shingon Buddhism, Kūkai (Kōbō-Daishi), with the aim of affirming the superiority of Buddhism, the or Sangō Shiiki is a comparative study of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The two scrolls at the museum are written in Kūkai's own handwriting and measure (18 pages) and (21 pages). Chinese books and own Japanese manuscripts of parts of the , a Tang dynasty imperial poetry collection. Other manuscripts of this work had been lost in China as early as the 9th century. The treasure from Shōchi-in amounts to twelve scrolls from the Tang dynasty and Heian period, 677–823; the one from Hōju-in consists of a single scroll. Ancient documents A large set of documents on the history, territory, function, and other aspects of life at Mount Kōya from the Heian period – Azuchi-Momoyama period has been designated as National Treasure in the category ancient documents. This treasure consists of three parts: , , , consisting of 54/77/167 rolled scrolls and 0/6/9 bound books respectively. Included in this collection are letters of notable historical figures such as Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Saigyō Hōshi. See also List of National Treasures of Japan (sculptures) List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings) List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: others) List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Chinese books) List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts: others) List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents) References Bibliography . External links Art museums and galleries in Japan Museums in Wakayama Prefecture Kōya, Wakayama
The MG3 is a small car produced by the Chinese automotive company SAIC. The first generation, marketed as the MG3 SW, is based on the British made Rover Streetwise, which itself was based on the Rover 25, while the second generation, introduced in 2011 is marketed simply as the MG3. It is the most popular Chinese manufactured car currently on sale in the United Kingdom. First generation (2008) The first generation MG3 SW is essentially a rebadged version of the Rover Streetwise, which had ceased production in April 2005 after the bankruptcy of predecessor organisation MG Rover. It started production in 2008 at SAIC's Chinese factory in Pukou, Nanjing. The MG3 SW is only on sale in China, and cannot be exported by SAIC. Engines Second generation (2011) The second-generation MG3 was shown at the 2010 Beijing Auto Show, in the form of the MG Zero concept car. The new model uses an all new automotive platform with a wheelbase of 2.5 m, featuring MacPherson strut front suspension and a torsion beam rear axle. The development work took place in the United Kingdom, with production initially in China. The car went on sale in China in the spring of 2011. Engine options at launch consist of a choice of 1.3 (1343 cc) and 1.5 litre (1498 cc), rated at and respectively, with either a five speed manual transmission, or an Italian AMT transmission called e-shift. MG 3 Xross The second generation MG3 is also available in a crossover style variant (similar to the Rover Streetwise and MG3 SW), known as the MG3 Xross. The Xross is only available with the 1.5 litre engine. Facelift (2013) A restyled version of the MG3, with a revised front design, was announced in the spring of 2013, with sales in the United Kingdom beginning in September 2013, but only with the 1.5 litre engine option. It was claimed that it would be built for Europe at the Longbridge plant in Birmingham alongside the larger MG6. The MG3 was assembled there from 2014 until 2016. For 2016, the MG3 received several alterations to improve it: the installation of an EU 6 derivative of the standard 1.5-litre engine, developed by SAIC Motor UK, a stop start was fitted, and two-tone colour schemes, primarily on the red and yellow MG3's which can have either a black or white roof, were offered as options. Engines The MG 3 is only available with a 1.5-litre engine, which has received an EU 6 upgrade to reduce emissions, and also the addition of stop start. MG3 Trophy MG unveiled the MG3 Trophy Championship concept car at the MG90 event at Silverstone in June 2014. The MG3 Trophy Championship concept, based on the MG3 production vehicle platform and created to highlight in-house engineering, design and calibration capabilities by SMTC UK at Longbridge, continues the MG tradition of club racing. The racing concept was created solely by a team of engineers, managed by Vehicle Engineering Specialist Adrian Guyll, and based at SAIC Motor's European Design and Technical Centre (SMTC), located alongside MG Motor UK at the Longbridge site in Birmingham. Specifications: (increased from 106 PS) Torque 250 Nm (increased from 136 Nm) Boost 1.0 Bar 1.5 Vti Tech engine Full body-lightening programme without compromising on stiffness Limited slip differential Fully adjustable Macpherson strut front set up Bespoke anti-roll bar Adjustable front splitter Twin plane adjustable rear spoiler Second facelift (2018) The MG3 was revised in 2018 with a facelift to the exterior and a new interior. The interior redesign now includes space for an eight-inch touchscreen unit, which is fitted as standard to some models. The 1.5-litre engine received minor modifications to bring it up to EU 6D standards, and now rated at 140g/km for emissions. Chinese models are available with a slightly more powerful 1.5 litre engine option mated to a four speed automatic gearbox. In Thailand, the MG3 was launched on 21 June 2018. The models were only in 1.5L engine and four speed automatic. Transmission included 1.5 C, 1.5 D, 1.5 X Sunroof and 1.5 V Sunroof. In Brunei, the MG 3 was launched since the middle of 2019. The models were only in 1.5L engine and four speed automatic. Transmission included Core and Excite. Safety The MG3 was crash tested by Euro NCAP in 2014, receiving a score of 3 out of 5 stars for safety, with a 69% score for adult protection (lower than the 90% result for the Mitsubishi Mirage), which was valid in accordance with Euro NCAP's testing standards until June 2020. According to analysis of the results of multiple crash tests by Euro NCAP, a number of issues were found including the driver's head bottoming out on the steering wheel through the airbag; "The passenger compartment remained stable in the frontal impact. The airbags of both the driver and the passenger were not sufficiently inflated to prevent the head 'bottoming out', through the fabric of the airbag, against the steering wheel and dashboard, respectively. [...] However, structures in the dashboard were considered a risk to occupants of different sizes or to those sat in different positions and protection of the knee/femur/pelvis area was rated as marginal". In a rear impact test, the crash test dummy measurements produced marginal results for front seat whiplash protection, and poor protection for rear seat occupants, the lowest score possible. The facelifted MG3 did not involve a change to the basic architecture underpinning the vehicle, with the design carrying over the same overall shape, and thus the protection afforded by the chassis has not changed throughout the production of the second generation MG3. The rating of 3 out of 5 stars remained unchanged during Euro NCAP's annual review in July 2018, for the facelifted variant. The MG3 has not been crash tested, nor rated by ANCAP. The facelifted variant lacks any active safety features such as autonomous emergency braking, instead including basic safety provisions such as six airbags (two prior to the facelift), passenger airbag cut off switch, emergency braking assistance, electronic stability control, active cornering brake control system, hill hold control, ABS with electronic brakes, automatic door unlocking in case of accidents, front disk brakes, tyre pressure monitoring, speed sensitive door locking, ultra-high tensile steel body, seat belt warning alarm and vehicle immobilizer. An MG3 was tested by ASEAN NCAP in May 2018, producing a poor score of 2 stars out of a possible 5, with the car receiving a score of 0 in the frontal impact test due to poor protection of the driver's head, causing it to bottom out through the airbag as found in Euro NCAP's testing. Contrastingly, ASEAN NCAP found that the test vehicle protected the occupant's legs better, "The model was tested by Euro NCAP in 2014 however, the performance for both NCAPs are different. In ASEAN NCAP test, the MG3 performed better in the lower legs area. Nevertheless, the driver's head sustained serious injury compared to Euro NCAP's." Third generation (2024) A third generation is due to be launched in 2024. Sales References External links 3 2010s cars MG 3 (first generation) MG 3 (second generation) Subcompact cars Front-wheel-drive vehicles Hatchbacks Cars of China ASEAN NCAP superminis Euro NCAP superminis
```xml import { Expression } from "../params"; import { ResetValue } from "../common/options"; import { SecretParam } from "../params/types"; export { RESET_VALUE } from "../common/options"; /** * List of all regions supported by Cloud Functions. / export const SUPPORTED_REGIONS = [ "us-central1", "us-east1", "us-east4", "us-west2", "us-west3", "us-west4", "europe-central2", "europe-west1", "europe-west2", "europe-west3", "europe-west6", "asia-east1", "asia-east2", "asia-northeast1", "asia-northeast2", "asia-northeast3", "asia-south1", "asia-southeast1", "asia-southeast2", "northamerica-northeast1", "southamerica-east1", "australia-southeast1", ] as const; /* * Cloud Functions min timeout value. / export const MIN_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 0; /* * Cloud Functions max timeout value. / export const MAX_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 540; /* * List of available memory options supported by Cloud Functions. / export const VALID_MEMORY_OPTIONS = [ "128MB", "256MB", "512MB", "1GB", "2GB", "4GB", "8GB", ] as const; /* * List of available options for VpcConnectorEgressSettings. / export const VPC_EGRESS_SETTINGS_OPTIONS = [ "VPC_CONNECTOR_EGRESS_SETTINGS_UNSPECIFIED", "PRIVATE_RANGES_ONLY", "ALL_TRAFFIC", ] as const; /* * List of available options for IngressSettings. / export const INGRESS_SETTINGS_OPTIONS = [ "INGRESS_SETTINGS_UNSPECIFIED", "ALLOW_ALL", "ALLOW_INTERNAL_ONLY", "ALLOW_INTERNAL_AND_GCLB", ] as const; /* * Scheduler retry options. Applies only to scheduled functions. / export interface ScheduleRetryConfig { /* * The number of attempts that the system will make to run a job using the exponential backoff procedure described by {@link ScheduleRetryConfig.maxDoublings}. * * @defaultValue 0 (infinite retry) / retryCount?: number \| Expression<number> \| ResetValue; /* * The time limit for retrying a failed job, measured from time when an execution was first attempted. * * If specified with {@link ScheduleRetryConfig.retryCount}, the job will be retried until both limits are reached. * * @defaultValue 0 / maxRetryDuration?: string \| Expression<string> \| ResetValue; /* * The minimum amount of time to wait before retrying a job after it fails. * * @defaultValue 5 seconds / minBackoffDuration?: string \| Expression<string> \| ResetValue; /* * The maximum amount of time to wait before retrying a job after it fails. * * @defaultValue 1 hour / maxBackoffDuration?: string \| Expression<string> \| ResetValue; /* * The max number of backoff doubling applied at each retry. * * @defaultValue 5 / maxDoublings?: number \| Expression<number> \| ResetValue; } /* * Configuration options for scheduled functions. / export interface Schedule { /* * Describes the schedule on which the job will be executed. * * The schedule can be either of the following types: * * 1. {@link path_to_url#Overview \| Crontab} * * 2. English-like {@link path_to_url \| schedule} * * @example * ``` * // Crontab schedule * schedule: "0 9 * * 1"` // Every Monday at 09:00 AM * * // English-like schedule * schedule: "every 5 minutes" * ``` / schedule: string; /* * Specifies the time zone to be used in interpreting {@link Schedule.schedule}. * * The value of this field must be a time zone name from the tz database. / timeZone?: string \| ResetValue; /* * Settings that determine the retry behavior. / retryConfig?: ScheduleRetryConfig; } /* * Configuration option for failure policy on background functions. / export interface FailurePolicy { /* * Retry configuration. Must be an empty object. * / retry: Record<string, never>; } export const DEFAULT_FAILURE_POLICY: FailurePolicy = { retry: {}, }; export const MAX_NUMBER_USER_LABELS = 58; /* * Configuration options for a function that applicable at runtime. / export interface RuntimeOptions { /* * Which platform should host the backend. Valid options are "gcfv1" * @internal / platform?: "gcfv1"; /* * Failure policy of the function, with boolean `true` being equivalent to * providing an empty retry object. / failurePolicy?: FailurePolicy \| boolean; /* * Amount of memory to allocate to the function. / memory?: (typeof VALID_MEMORY_OPTIONS)[number] \| Expression<number> \| ResetValue; /* * Timeout for the function in seconds, possible values are 0 to 540. / timeoutSeconds?: number \| Expression<number> \| ResetValue; /* * Min number of actual instances to be running at a given time. * * @remarks * Instances will be billed for memory allocation and 10% of CPU allocation * while idle. / minInstances?: number \| Expression<number> \| ResetValue; /* * Max number of actual instances allowed to be running in parallel. / maxInstances?: number \| Expression<number> \| ResetValue; /* * Connect cloud function to specified VPC connector. / vpcConnector?: string \| Expression<string> \| ResetValue; /* * Egress settings for VPC connector. / vpcConnectorEgressSettings?: (typeof VPC_EGRESS_SETTINGS_OPTIONS)[number] \| ResetValue; /* * Specific service account for the function to run as. / serviceAccount?: "default" \| string \| Expression<string> \| ResetValue; /* * Ingress settings which control where this function can be called from. / ingressSettings?: (typeof INGRESS_SETTINGS_OPTIONS)[number] \| ResetValue; /* * User labels to set on the function. / labels?: Record<string, string>; /* * Invoker to set access control on https functions. / invoker?: "public" \| "private" \| string \| string[]; / * Secrets to bind to a function instance. / secrets?: (string \| SecretParam)[]; /* * Determines whether Firebase AppCheck is enforced. * * @remarks * When true, requests with invalid tokens autorespond with a 401 * (Unauthorized) error. * When false, requests with invalid tokens set context.app to undefiend. / enforceAppCheck?: boolean; /* * Determines whether Firebase App Check token is consumed on request. Defaults to false. * * @remarks * Set this to true to enable the App Check replay protection feature by consuming the App Check token on callable * request. Tokens that are found to be already consumed will have the `request.app.alreadyConsumed` property set * to true. * * * Tokens are only considered to be consumed if it is sent to the App Check service by setting this option to true. * Other uses of the token do not consume it. * * This replay protection feature requires an additional network call to the App Check backend and forces the clients * to obtain a fresh attestation from the chosen attestation providers. This can therefore negatively impact * performance and can potentially deplete your attestation providers' quotas faster. Use this feature only for * protecting low volume, security critical, or expensive operations. * * This option does not affect the `enforceAppCheck` option. Setting the latter to true will cause the callable function * to automatically respond with a 401 Unauthorized status code when the request includes an invalid App Check token. * When the request includes valid but consumed App Check tokens, requests will not be automatically rejected. Instead, * the `request.app.alreadyConsumed` property will be set to true and pass the execution to the handler code for making * further decisions, such as requiring additional security checks or rejecting the request. / consumeAppCheckToken?: boolean; /* * Controls whether function configuration modified outside of function source is preserved. Defaults to false. * * @remarks * When setting configuration available in the underlying platform that is not yet available in the Firebase Functions * SDK, we highly recommend setting `preserveExternalChanges` to `true`. Otherwise, when the Firebase Functions SDK releases * a new version of the SDK with support for the missing configuration, your function's manually configured setting * may inadvertently be wiped out. / preserveExternalChanges?: boolean; } /* * Configuration options for a function that applies during function deployment. / export interface DeploymentOptions extends RuntimeOptions { /* * If true, do not deploy or emulate this function. / omit?: boolean \| Expression<boolean>; /* * Regions where function should be deployed. / regions?: Array<(typeof SUPPORTED_REGIONS)[number] \| string \| Expression<string> \| ResetValue>; /* * Schedule for the scheduled function. */ schedule?: Schedule; } ```
```c++ // // I am making my contributions/submissions to this project solely in my // personal capacity and am not conveying any rights to any intellectual // property of any third parties. #include "sphere.h" #include "pybind11_utils.h" #include <jet/sphere2.h> #include <jet/sphere3.h> namespace py = pybind11; using namespace jet; void addSphere2(pybind11::module& m) { py::class_<Sphere2, Sphere2Ptr, Surface2>(m, "Sphere2") // CTOR .def("__init__", [](Sphere2& instance, py::object center, double radius, const Transform2& transform, bool isNormalFlipped) { new (&instance) Sphere2(objectToVector2D(center), radius, transform, isNormalFlipped); }, R"pbdoc( Constructs Sphere2. This method constructs Sphere2 with center, radius, transform, and normal direction (isNormalFlipped). )pbdoc", py::arg("center") = Vector2D{}, py::arg("radius") = 1.0, py::arg("transform") = Transform2(), py::arg("isNormalFlipped") = false) .def_readwrite("center", &Sphere2::center) .def_readwrite("radius", &Sphere2::radius); } void addSphere3(pybind11::module& m) { py::class_<Sphere3, Sphere3Ptr, Surface3>(m, "Sphere3") // CTOR .def("__init__", [](Sphere3& instance, py::object center, double radius, const Transform3& transform, bool isNormalFlipped) { new (&instance) Sphere3(objectToVector3D(center), radius, transform, isNormalFlipped); }, R"pbdoc( Constructs Sphere3. This method constructs Sphere3 with center, radius, transform, and normal direction (isNormalFlipped). )pbdoc", py::arg("center") = Vector3D{}, py::arg("radius") = 1.0, py::arg("transform") = Transform3(), py::arg("isNormalFlipped") = false) .def_readwrite("center", &Sphere3::center) .def_readwrite("radius", &Sphere3::radius); } ```
```go package graphql_test import ( "net/http" "net/http/httptest" "strings" "testing" "github.com/kylelemons/godebug/pretty" "github.com/samsarahq/thunder/graphql" "github.com/samsarahq/thunder/graphql/schemabuilder" ) func testHTTPRequest(req http.Request) httptest.ResponseRecorder { schema := schemabuilder.NewSchema() query := schema.Query() query.FieldFunc("mirror", func(args struct{ Value int64 }) int64 { return args.Value * -1 }) builtSchema := schema.MustBuild() rr := httptest.NewRecorder() handler := graphql.HTTPHandler(builtSchema) handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req) return rr } func TestHTTPMustPost(t testing.T) { req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/graphql", nil) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } rr := testHTTPRequest(req) if rr.Code != 200 { t.Errorf("expected 200, but received %d", rr.Code) } if diff := pretty.Compare(rr.Body.String(), "{\"data\":null,\"errors\":[\"request must be a POST\"]}"); diff != "" { t.Errorf("expected response to match, but received %s", diff) } } func TestHTTPParseQuery(t testing.T) { req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/graphql", nil) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } rr := testHTTPRequest(req) if rr.Code != http.StatusOK { t.Errorf("expected 200, but received %d", rr.Code) } if diff := pretty.Compare(rr.Body.String(), "{\"data\":null,\"errors\":[\"request must include a query\"]}"); diff != "" { t.Errorf("expected response to match, but received %s", diff) } } func TestHTTPMustHaveQuery(t testing.T) { req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/graphql", strings.NewReader(`{"query":""}`)) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } rr := testHTTPRequest(req) if rr.Code != http.StatusOK { t.Errorf("expected 200, but received %d", rr.Code) } if diff := pretty.Compare(rr.Body.String(), "{\"data\":null,\"errors\":[\"must have a single query\"]}"); diff != "" { t.Errorf("expected response to match, but received %s", diff) } } func TestHTTPSuccess(t testing.T) { req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/graphql", strings.NewReader(`{"query": "query TestQuery($value: int64) { mirror(value: $value) }", "variables": { "value": 1 }}`)) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } rr := testHTTPRequest(req) if rr.Code != http.StatusOK { t.Errorf("expected 200, but received %d", rr.Code) } if diff := pretty.Compare(rr.Body.String(), "{\"data\":{\"mirror\":-1},\"errors\":null}"); diff != "" { t.Errorf("expected response to match, but received %s", diff) } } func TestHTTPContentType(t *testing.T) { req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/graphql", strings.NewReader(`{"query": "query TestQuery($value: int64) { mirror(value: $value) }", "variables": { "value": 1 }}`)) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } rr := testHTTPRequest(req) if rr.Code != http.StatusOK { t.Errorf("expected 200, but received %d", rr.Code) } if diff := pretty.Compare(rr.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "application/json"); diff != "" { t.Errorf("expected response to match, but received %s", diff) } } ```
Krusz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Glinojeck, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Glinojeck, west of Ciechanów, and north-west of Warsaw. References Krusz
The A250 road is a minor British A-road on the Isle of Sheppey in Kent. The route runs from Sheerness to Queenborough via Halfway. Route The A250 begins in Queenborough where it splits off from the A249, with the formerly northbound A249 turning northwest towards Blue Town and the A250 heading northeast on the Queenborough Road towards Halfway. When the route reaches a set of traffic lights in the middle of Halfway, it abruptly turns to the northwest towards Sheerness onto Halfway Road. It used to continue straight on towards Minster, but this route is now designated as the B2008. Halfway Road continues all the way to Sheerness, where it then becomes Sheerness High Street. Within Sheerness, westbound and eastbound traffic are split by the town's one-way system. While westbound traffic follows the High Street, eastbound traffic diverges at the western end of the town onto the Broadway before following Trinity Road, Cavour Road and finally Invicta Road to rejoin the High Street at the eastern end of the town. Following the A250 west, it passes Sheerness-on-Sea railway station, becoming Bridge Road as it does so. A little further along Bridge Road comes a roundabout where the A250 re-encounters the A249 which spawned it. This roundabout marks the termination point of both routes. References External links Roads in Kent
Alligator Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to Horse Creek. Alligator Creek was named after the American alligator. References Rivers of Georgia (U.S. state) Rivers of Telfair County, Georgia
André Francisco Moritz (born 6 August 1986) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who last played as an attacking-midfielder or winger for Singapore Premier League club Hougang United. Club career Internacional Moritz began his career with Avaí FC's youth categories, signing a professional contract with SC Internacional in 2003, aged 16. He was assigned to the academy and was top goal scorer in most of the Youth tournaments. He was promoted to first team in 2006, playing some matches in State League. Fluminense Due to limited chances, Moritz signed a contract with Fluminense. He helped the club to avoid relegation in the last game of the season, and also to win the 2007 Copa do Brasil. Kasımpaşa Moritz left Fluminense and moved to Europe to signed a contract with Turkish club Kasımpaşa in 2007. He scored 19 goals and contribute 3 assists in 67 appearances during his time at the club. Kayserispor After three full seasons in Kasımpaşa, he signed a three-year contract with Kayserispor. Mersin İdman Yurdu In 2011, Moritz signed a two-year contract with Mersin İdman Yurdu in the summer. Trials at Rangers Moritz then went on trial at Rangers in Scotland. On 15 August 2012, his trial period at Rangers came to and end. Moritz said "My time with Rangers has come to an end, I enjoyed it but it was not meant to be... Talking with English clubs..." Crystal Palace On 24 August 2012, Moritz signed a one-year contract with Crystal Palace playing in the 2012–13 Football League Championship.On 6 November 2012, he scored his first goal for Crystal Palace in the 5–0 victory over Ipswich Town, in Ian Holloway's first game in charge. In his next match, he scored the equaliser for Crystal Palace in a 2–1 win against Peterborough United on 10 November 2012, continuing his goalscoring run, before finding the net again on 17 November 2012 with a volley against Derby County – his third goal in three games. He then went on to score two free kicks against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 1 January 2013, receiving praise from Crystal Palace manager, Ian Holloway. Crystal Palace finished fourth in the league which sees them qualify to the 2013 Championship play-offs which the club returns back to the English Premier League after an eight-year absence by defeating Watford 1–0 in the Championship play-off final at the Wembley Stadium. Bolton Wanderers Moritz joined Bolton Wanderers on a one-year deal on 1 August 2013. On 9 November, Moritz scored his first goal for Bolton Wanderers against Millwall in a 3–1 victory. In July 2014, Bolton confirmed that at the expiration of his contract, Moritz had left the club. Mumbai City On 10 October 2014, it was announced that Moritz will play for Mumbai City in the inaugural Indian Super League. On 18 October, Moritz scored his first goal for the club en route to the league's first ever hat-trick in a 5–0 win over FC Pune City at the DY Patil Stadium. Pohang Steelers In September 2014, Moritz travelled to Asia to join South Korean Club, Pohang Steelers on a two-year contract which began on 1 January 2015. Return to Mumbai City on loan On 24 July 2015, Moritz agreed to return to Mumbai City for the 2015 season, but after only one game in October, Moritz returned to parent club Pohang Steelers. Buriram United On 6 December 2015, Moritz joined Buriram United in Thai Premier League for the 2016 season. On 23 February 2016, he left the club citing family reasons. Denizlispor On 27 July 2016, Moritz returned to Turkey after 4 years to joined Denizlispor which is playing in the 2016–17 TFF First League. Return to Avaí On 3 January 2018, Moritz returned to his boyhood club, Avaí to play in the Brazilian second tier, the 2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. He was part of the club promotion to the first tier of Brazilian league, the 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Londrina On 25 September 2019, Moritz joined Campeonato Brasileiro Série B club, Londrina. Confiança On 10 June 2020, Moritz joined Campeonato Brasileiro Série C club, Confiança. He helped the club to win the 2020 Campeonato Sergipano league title Hougang United After a year without a club, Moritz has signed up with Singaporean club, Hougang United for the 2022 Singapore Premier League season. On 11 March 2022, Moritz scored his first two goals against Geylang International. After Geylang scored in the 89' minute to equalise the game at 2–2, Moritz scored his second goal from the whistle of the kick off, with a 45-yard screamer from the half-way line to give Hougang a 3–2 victory against Geylang International. His goal was nominated for the 2022 SPL Goal of the Year. On 6 May 2022, Moritz was instrumental in the game against Lion City Sailors scoring 2 goals and providing 1 assists in the dying minutes but it wasn't enough as Hougang fell short to a 4–3 defeat. On 24 June 2022, Moritz scored secured the win for the club in the 2022 AFC Cup group stage fixtures against Cambodian side, Phnom Penh Crown in a 4–3 win. Moritz then went on to score in three consecutive games against Geylang International on 11 September 2022, Albirex Niigata Singapore on 2 October 2022 and Tampines Rovers on 8 October 2022. Moritz was then given the opportunity to lead the club as their captain during the last match of the 2022 Singapore Cup against Tampines Rovers on 6 November 2022 which he helped Hougang United en route to the final to win the cup, their first ever piece of silverware in the club history cementing his place as a club legend. On 5 July 2023, Moritz announced his retirement from football. Personal life Moritz has got a two tattoos on his right elbow as one dedicated to his parents and one is an iconographic symbol of Star and crescent. Moritz learned to speak Turkish during his spells in Turkey. In 2010, he expressed that he would be delighted to play for the Turkey national team. Moritz was also the ambassador of Crystal Palace when the club plays their pre-season friendlies match in Singapore against Liverpool on 15 July 2022. Honours Fluminense Copa do Brasil: 2007 Crystal Palace Football League Championship play-offs: 2012–13 Buriram United Toyota Premier Cup: 2016 Kor Royal Cup: 2016Avaí Campeonato Catarinense: 2019 Confiança Campeonato Sergipano: 2020Hougang United''' Singapore Cup: 2022 References External links 1986 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Footballers from Florianópolis Sport Club Internacional players Fluminense FC players Andre Moritz Kasımpaşa S.K. footballers Crystal Palace F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Kayserispor footballers Denizlispor footballers Mersin Talim Yurdu footballers Avaí FC players Mumbai City FC players Pohang Steelers players Londrina Esporte Clube players Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players Süper Lig players TFF First League players K League 1 players Indian Super League players English Football League players Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in England Expatriate men's footballers in England Expatriate men's footballers in India Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in India Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Thailand Men's association football midfielders Brazilian people of German descent
Totem – Episodio uno is the first EP of the Totem saga by the Italian rapper En?gma released on October 16, 2020, followed by the second part Totem – Episodio due. Description This EP contains 5 tracks, among which "Bomaye", a single from the album and released on September 26 of the same year. The concept of the album is to create a storytelling that hooks from track to track. Track listing References EPs by Italian artists 2020 EPs Alternative hip hop EPs
The 1970 Speedway World Team Cup was the 11th edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions. The final took place at Wembley Stadium in London. The title was won by Sweden for the sixth time. Qualification British Round Great Britain seeded to Final (Commonwealth riders eligible for British team) Scandinavian Round June 14 Västervik Att: 1,450 * Sweden to Final Continental Quarterfinal June 21 Crikvenica * Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia to Continental Semifinal Continental Quarterfinal June 21 Ruhpolding * East Germany and Hungary to Continental Semifinal Tournament Continental Semifinal July 5 Gustrow Att: 12,000 Draw 1. → B * East Germany and Czechoslovakia to Continental Final Continental Final July 26 Slaný Att: 7,000 * Czechoslovakia and Poland to Final World Final September 19 London, Wembley Stadium Att: 35,000 See also 1970 Individual Speedway World Championship 1970 Speedway World Pairs Championship References 1970 World T
Imperial Hospital Limited (AKA: Apollo Imperial Hospitals) is a private hospital in Chittagong, Bangladesh. IHL was opened for the public in April 2019 during an inauguration ceremony launched by Devi Shetty, an Indian cardiac surgeon and entrepreneur. History and background The construction of Imperial Hospital Limited is funded by the Chattogram Eye hospital and Training Board Trust, and invested by the World Bank. In 2015, the hospital authority signed a contract with an Austrian-based healthcare consultancy group Vamed Engineering GmbH & Co KG for construction. IHL's design and drawings prepared by United States-based healthcare architectural and engineering consultant firm Kaplan McLaughlin Diaz (KMD). Around of land were reserved for the construction the medical complex. In 2022, after partnership with Chennai based health group Apollo Hospital it renamed as Apollo Imperial Hospitals. Under this agreement it will operate and manage the hospital. Medical facilities With advanced medical equipment spread out with a floor area of , the 375-bed Imperial Hospital situated into five buildings with four interconnected. In other facilities the hospital has 88 single cabins, 76 double cabins, 14 modular operating theatres, 16 nurses stations, 62 consulting rooms with outpatient department facilities, 64 critical care beds, 44 beds for newborn, Neonatal intensive care unit with 44 beds, and eight pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). gallery References External links IHL Chittagong Hospitals in Chittagong 2019 establishments in Bangladesh Hospitals established in 2019 Kaplan McLaughlin Diaz buildings Private hospitals in Bangladesh Hospital buildings completed in 2019
Mandaq (, also Romanized as Mandāq; also known as Mandak and Mîndâq) is a village in Qeshlaqat-e Afshar Rural District, Afshar District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 260, in 60 families. References Populated places in Khodabandeh County
Lofendazam is an organic molecule which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Lofendazam is a 1,5-benzodiazepine, with the nitrogen atoms located at positions 1 and 5 of the diazepine ring; therefore, lofendazam is most closely related to other 1,5-benzodiazepines such as clobazam. Lofendazam as a human pharmaceutical has sedative and anxiolytic effects similar to those produced by other benzodiazepine derivatives. It is an active metabolite of another benzodiazepine, arfendazam. See also Benzodiazepine Arfendazam Clobazam References Benzodiazepines Chloroarenes GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Lactams
Shoot (stylized SHOOT) is a trade magazine for the advertising industry that was established in 1990 as BackStage/Shoot, providing news and information about advertising agencies, executives, and creative advertising professionals. It also issues awards each year recognizing various elements of advertising, such as a "New Directors Showcase", and "Best Work You May Never See". History The magazine was established in December 1960 under the title Back Stage, in a newspaper format covering theatre and commercial production. The owners were Ira Eaker and Allen Zwerdling. In the late 1980s, they sold the paper to British Phonographic Industry and the newspaper was split into two in the summer of 1990. On July 6, 1990, the portion known as Back Stage Shoot was spun off into a full, standalone publication, BackStage/Shoot; while the original Backstage continued on independently as well. The concept was to have the original Backstage publication concentrate on actors, performing artists, and theatre, while Shoot would continue to "serve the news and information needs of creative and production decision-makers at ad agencies, and executives & artisans in the production industry". To emphasize the change, the official Back Stage tagline, "The complete service weekly for the communications and entertainment industry" was switched to "The Performing Arts Weekly." In 1994, BackStage/Shoot was renamed simply SHOOT. In 2005, the primary Back Stage tagline changed from "The Performing Arts Weekly" to "The Actor's Resource", and sister publication SHOOT (and ShootOnline.com) was sold to DCA Business Media LLC. The SHOOTonline website was launched that year, along with an electronic version of the publication. References External links Magazines established in 1990 Monthly magazines published in the United States English-language magazines Professional and trade magazines Magazines published in Connecticut
Lawrence H. Fountain (April 23, 1913 – October 10, 2002) was a Democratic U.S. representative from North Carolina from 1953 to 1983. Early life Fountain was educated in the public schools of Edgecombe County and at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he received his A. B. degree in 1934 and his Juris Doctor degree. He was admitted to the North Carolina Bar following graduation from law school in 1936. He practiced law in Tarboro, North Carolina and was active in statewide Democratic Party politics until March 1942 when he entered the United States Army as a private in the infantry. He rose through the ranks and was released from service as a major in the Judge Advocate General's Office on March 4, 1946. Fountain then returned to his law practice in Tarboro. In civilian life, he remained a member of the U. S. Army Reserve and later retired as a lieutenant colonel. Service in public office In 1947, Fountain was elected to the North Carolina Senate where he served until 1952 when he was elected to the 83rd Congress as Representative from the Second Congressional District of North Carolina. He was reelected to each Congress through the 97th, at which time he did not seek reelection. Fountain was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson as a United States Delegate to the 22nd Session in 1967 of the United Nations General Assembly. In this capacity, he served as assistant to United States Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg during the Security Council debate following the June 6th Arab–Israeli Six-Day War. He led the fight in 1978 for the creation of the first independent Presidentially-appointed inspector general ("watchdog") in the former Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and worked for the establishment of inspectors general in every key Federal department and agency. Each inspector general plays a significant role in curbing waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement in government. From time to time, he served on various subcommittees of both the Committee on Government Operations and the Committee on Foreign Affairs. For 14 years, Fountain was chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Near Eastern Affairs. For 28 years he was chairman of the House Government Operations Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations. He conducted hundreds of investigations into food and drug safety, and led the effort to create inspectors general in federal departments and agencies. Near the end of his career, Fountain advocated for his constituents and for the American people by urging Congress to move towards less governmental encroachment. Fountain can be seen making the case on the congressional floor in this 1981 video on C-Span: LH Fountain Speaks on Big Government Fountain introduced and passed a plethora of bills that became laws in his time in Congress. H.R.4647 - A bill to award special Congressional gold medals to Fred Waring, the widow of Joe Louis, and Louis L'Amour. 101. H.J.Res.155 — 97th Congress (1981-1982)A joint resolution to authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating May 3 through May 10, 1981, as "Jewish Heritage Week". 128. H.R.7112 — 96th Congress (1979-1980)State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act Amendments of 1980 (Sponsor) 129. H.R.7085 — 96th Congress (1979-1980)An act to provide certain benefits to individuals held hostage in Iran and to similarly situated individuals, and for other purposes. 188. H.J.Res.568 — 96th Congress (1979-1980)A joint resolution to authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating October 12 through October 19, 1980, as "Italian-American Heritage Week". 19. H.R.8588 — 95th Congress (1977-1978)An Act to reorganize the executive branch of the Government and increase its economy and efficiency by establishing Offices of Inspector General within the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, Labor, and Transportation, and within the Community Services Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the General Services Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Small Business Administration, and the Veterans' Administration, and for other purposes (Sponsor) He was a signatory to the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education. As the price for his vote for legislation supporting the War on Poverty, he demanded the firing of deputy director Adam Yarmolinsky, who, while with the Defense Department, had helped force integration of public places near military bases in North Carolina. From 1981 to 1982, he was a member of the Presidential Advisory Committee on Federalism. The committee had the responsibility of advising the President on ways to restore proper relationships between federal, state and local governments. Personal life Fountain was a Presbyterian Elder and had a perfect Sunday School attendance record for more than eighty years. He served as a trustee of the National Presbyterian Church from 1961 to 1964 and again from 1977 to 1980. He was a member of the Executive Committee of the East Carolina Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and was a member of the local and other Bar Associations, the Elks, and Kiwanis Club. He served as lieutenant governor of the Sixth Division of the Carolinas District of Kiwanis International. He was also a Jaycee and received the Distinguished Service Award (Man of the Year) of the Tarboro Jaycees in 1948. A lifelong advocate of education, Fountain was a charter member of the Board of Trustees of St. Andrews Presbyterian College of Laurinburg from 1955 through 1971. He was reelected to the board in 1972 and served until 1974. Family and Succession LH Fountain married Christine Fountain and had one daughter, Nancy Dale Fountain Black. LH Fountain is survived by two grandchildren, Christine Chandler Black and William Mock Black III. Awards North Carolina Citizens Association Distinguished Public Service Award (1971) University of North Carolina School of Medicine Distinguished Service Award (1973) Association of American University Presses Distinguished Service to Higher Education and the Scholarly Community Award (1975) National League of Cities Special Citation for Distinguished Congressional Service (1976) Association of Federal Investigators Leadership and Distinguished Service Award (1978). In 1982, the North Carolina League of Municipalities, meeting in Annual Convention, passed a resolution of deep appreciation and commendation to Fountain for "continued efforts to assist local governments…throughout the nation" Also in 1982, the Association of Federal Investigators honored Congressman Fountain for the second time in five years with an award for "unstinting support for law enforcement and investigation, and for his outstanding career in public service to the American people." Memorials "Congressman L.H. Fountain Highway," a section of U.S. 64 which runs through Edgecombe County, was named in his memory. References L. H. Fountain Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-Present 1913 births 2002 deaths 20th-century American politicians People from Edgecombe County, North Carolina American Presbyterians Democratic Party North Carolina state senators Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina United States Army personnel of World War II United States Army officers Signatories of the Southern Manifesto
Schaanwald is one of four railway stations in Liechtenstein. It is located in the village of Schaanwald, in Mauren municipality. The station is currently disused and not served by any train service. History The station opened in 1902. It was staffed until 1988. Over time, the number of trains stopping at the station diminished considerably. From 2010 until 2012, only one train per day stopped here. Since 2013, the station is no longer serviced. Overview Customs Schaanwald, when used, is for customs purposes, a border station for passengers arriving from Austria. Liechtenstein is in a customs union with Switzerland. Customs checks may be performed in the station or on board trains by Swiss officials. Systematic passport controls were abolished when Liechtenstein joined the Schengen Area in 2011. Gallery See also Schaan-Vaduz railway station Forst Hilti railway station Nendeln railway station Rail transport in Liechtenstein Railway stations in Liechtenstein References External links Railway stations in Liechtenstein Railway stations opened in 1902
Njan Samvidhanam Cheyyum (English: I Will Direct) is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language family drama film written, directed, and produced by Balachandra Menon. It stars Menon in the lead role, along with Gayathri, Dakshina, Shankar, Menaka, Ravindran, and Madhu in supporting roles. The film was released on 19 September 2015 in India to negative critical response. The film's story revolves around Krishna Das (Balachandra Menon), a middle-aged man who resigns from the National Film Development Corporation to become a director. Cast Balachandra Menon as Krishna Das Gayathri as Gayathri Devi Dakshina Sreekanth Sasikanth Shankar Menaka Ravindran Madhu Vineeth Sunil Sukhada Sudheer Karamana Sasi Kalinga Kalabhavan Shajohn Sreelatha Namboothiri Renji Panicker G. Suresh Kumar Bhagyalakshmi P. Sreekumar Dharmajan Bolgatty Viji Thampi Tessa Joseph Ramkumar Uppatt Anoop Krishnan as Shyam Critical reception Sanjith Sidhardhan of The Times of India rated the film 2/5 and said, "Balachandra Menon's comeback movie follows a familiar plot that is riddled with cliches." He concluded the review saying, "Films with familiar themes had tasted success in recent times thanks to the way they were presented and that's where Njan Samvidhanam Cheyyum falls short. The frames are lifeless and sometimes repetitive. The movie could been a bit crisper and less tedious with some tight editing." Sify.com wrote that the film is a torture asking "How can someone (the producer) spend so much money for this kind of stupidity? References External links Films directed by Balachandra Menon 2015 films 2010s Malayalam-language films Films about filmmaking
REGLEG, or the Conference of European Regions with Legislative Power, is a political network of country subdivisions (regions) in European Union states. It consists of representatives of regional governments. It is not a formal EU institution, and only 73 regions of 8 member states participate. All 9 states of the federal republic of Austria All 5 regions and communities of the federal kingdom of Belgium Åland, an autonomous region of Finland All 16 states of the federal republic of Germany All 20 regions of Italy The two autonomous regions of Portugal: the Azores and Madeira All 17 autonomous communities of Spain Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, the three countries of the United Kingdom with devolved power See also Committee of the Regions External links regleg.eu Regions of Europe
Act 60, known as "The Equal Educational Opportunity Act", was a Vermont law enacted in June 1997 by the Vermont legislature intended to achieve a fair balance of educational spending across school districts, independent of the degree of prosperity within each district. The law was in response to a Vermont Supreme Court decision in the Brigham vs. State of Vermont case, wherein the court ruled that Vermont’s then existing educational funding system was unconstitutional, because it allowed students in towns with higher total property values to receive a higher level of education funding per pupil than students in towns with lower property values. Act 60 was followed by Acts 68 and 130, which addressed some imbalances caused by Act 60. State-wide education funding In most local jurisdictions outside of Vermont, public school funding is determined within a school district by the following steps: 1. The school expenditure budget is set and non-tax income from grants and other sources is identified. 2. The difference between expected expenditures and non-tax income determines the amount to be raised by taxes. 3. Where taxes are raised by property tax, property values across a jurisdiction are assessed and each qualified property contributes to the total funds to be raised in property taxes in proportion to that property's fraction of the total property value of the jurisdiction. In jurisdictions where the total value of property is large, compared with the funding to be raised, both the total taxes and the tax rate per unit of value are small compared to jurisdictions with a high level of funding to be raised and a small property value base. This is the basis for the education funding inequity addressed by the Vermont Supreme Court in Brigham vs. State of Vermont. Determination of funding required To address the funding inequities among school districts, Act 60 and its amendments, Acts 68 and 130, established a system to pool the state's educational budgetary requirements from across jurisdictions and pay for them, in part, with pooled property taxes from across those same jurisdictions. The provisions of Act 68 determine an individual district’s education spending as that part of an expenditure budget without a specific funding source. It includes: Special education costs not covered by federal aid and the state categorical grant Transportation costs not covered by the state categorical aid Tuition owed by the district General payroll and operation costs that do not have specific funding sources. Education spending is that part of an expenditure budget without a specific funding source. Pre-Kindergarten through twelfth-grade education funding may be calculated for school districts according to: Budget adopted by school district (town, city, union, incorporated) + Deficit from prior year (if any) = Total District Budgeted Expenditures Then: Total District Budgeted Expenditures – (State categorical grants, federal revenues, tuition revenues, interest income, etc.) = Education Spending Raising the required funds According to a handbook example explaining the matter, the amount needed in the education fund in Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 to pay for grants and education spending was about $1.353 billion, which required revenues for the education fund from the following sources: These sources left a $364-million gap in school funding for FY 2012 to be raised through property taxes on homesteads in Vermont. Homestead property tax Each year, the Vermont legislature sets a base amount that a school district will be expected to spend per pupil. Homestead property tax calculations are based on the amount per pupil that the district must raise over the base amount to fund its budget. In each school district, the property tax liability is established by the following method: The district's school board determines its educational spending level, described above. The educational spending level, divided by the "equalized pupil count" determines the district’s education spending per equalized pupil. The "equalized pupil" count, which assigns weights for different types of pupils, is designed to reflect the per capita spending in the district. The percentage increase of the district's per pupil spending over the state’s base education spending per pupil determines the percentage increase in property taxes over the level that would be required to fund the base homestead tax rate. In principle, this method assures that all districts that have the same education spending per equalized pupil will have the same homestead tax rate. In order to achieve this principle, all properties in the state would have to be assessed in an equivalent manner. Common Level of Appraisal Because property tax rates are determined by the ratio of (total taxes to be raised to fund an expenditure budget) to (the total value of the properties subject to taxation), it is important to have all properties be assessed to an equivalent value across the state. Absent that, properties in school districts where the values lagged behind their fair market value would not contribute their fair share to statewide educational spending. In practice, each jurisdiction is responsible for assessing property values according to its own methods and on its own schedule. To establish an equivalent basis for property taxation, Act 60 establishes a common level of appraisal (CLA) for each school district. The CLA helps to equalize how much towns pay, essentially by adjusting the appraised value of a homestead by looking at recent sale prices in town in comparison to the appraised values. If the appraised values are below the sale prices, the CLA raises the tax rate, and if the prices are below the appraised values, the CLA lowers the tax rate. This is done so that properties that have not been reappraised in several years are not able to pay lower taxes than a similarly valued homestead that was more recently reappraised. Excess spending The statute resulting from Act 68's revision of Act 60 has a disincentive for rich school districts to spend excessively. It penalizes districts with education spending per equalized pupil that exceed the threshold by 25%, will be subject to an additional tax rate. For each dollar spent above that threshold, the district must send an extra dollar to the state. The spending threshold for a school district excludes capital construction debt service spending. Income sensitivity As of 2011, Act 60 provided for taxpayers with lower incomes by adjusting property tax owed, according to a threshold income, as follows, according to the Vermont pamphlet. The homestead tax for eligible payers was to be reduced by an amount equal to the following: If household income is $90,000 or more, the property tax on the first $200,000 of housesite market value (house and up to two surrounding acres) minus the applicable percentage of the household income. If household income is less than $90,000 the homestead property tax on the first $500,000 of housesite market value minus the applicable percentage of the household income. The mechanism to achieve this is to reduce tax bills by the adjustment amount. Acts 68 and 130 For most towns the "equalized yield" for any local taxes above the statewide level decreased property taxes and increased the funds available for their schools. However, certain ski towns, which had been spending much more per pupil than most districts, experienced the opposite result. These "Gold Towns" objected, but were generally satisfied with the 2003 resolution contained in Act 68, which continued "equalized yield" but gave those towns latitude to spend more at home. Act 68 also recognized that union districts require special recognition to determine an education spending per equalized pupil amount and a corresponding homestead tax rate in the district as whole, rather than assessing costs to member districts in order to receive money from the state’s education fund directly. Act 130 clarified the distinction between governing entities (towns and cities) that raise taxes and educating entities that expend the funds raised. It based the homestead tax rate levied by a town on the average education spending per equalized pupil of all the pupils living in the taxing entity. Commentary Proponents of the laws can cite success in increasing both spending in previously underfunded districts and student performance at the same time. Critics question whether the burden is unfairly shifted to property rich towns. Favorable The Vermont legislature hired Lawrence O Picus And Associates LLC of California to conduct a study to assess whether the laws had the effect of equalizing spending among towns by factoring out property wealth. Their report indicates that the Vermont school funding system “is working well and meeting the goals established in Acts 60 and 68. Using a series of objective measures,” it found that some towns that have seen a marked increase in spending have also seen an increase in student performance. Unfavorable Some critics of Act 60/68 have expressed concern about the disparity of contributions that wealthier towns sometimes make compared to the benefits that they receive through the funding formula. For example, Dover, Vermont reportedly contributed $11 million to state education funding, while only receiving $2 million in 2000. In response, the town embarked on a study characterize the laws' impact on the local economy and study whether the laws had achieved an equal educational opportunity for town students, as the state legislation was intended. Killington, Vermont was considering the net effects of the laws on its economy, when in 2012 it established a committee to study tax reform. As part of its charge, the committee was to study how significantly the state property tax burden has increased since Act 60 was passed in 1997. On December 24, 2019 a Pupil Weighting Factors Report, commissioned by the Generally Assembly, was released. On January 29, 2020, Vermont Secretary of Education Dan French testified to the Vermont legislature that the mechanics of the educational funding system consistent with the Report needed to be addressed to ensure equal tax effort and to establish the necessary financial preconditions for equal educational opportunity. References External links Vermont Department of Education guide to Act 60/68 Complete text of Act 60 Compete text of Act 68 Vermont culture Public education in Vermont
The 2021 Nigerian doctors strike was a labour strike involving doctors organised under the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors (NARD). The strike began on 2 August and was suspended by court order on 23 August. The strike, one of four to have involved NARD since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, was caused by pay disputes between the union and the Federal government of Nigeria, with the union alleging that the government had reneged on an agreement that they had reached following the end of the last strike in April. Following this, the union (which represents approximately 40 percent of doctors in the country) went on strike. A hearing before the National Industrial Court of Nigeria is scheduled for 15 September. Background During the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors (NARD), a national medical association that represents approximately 40 percent of all doctors in the country (including 90 percent of doctors in the country's teaching hospitals), experienced a strained relationship with the Nigerian government over pay disputes. In March 2020, NARD's Abuja chapter declared a strike after the government had failed to pay doctor's salaries for two months. In June, and later September, NARD launched two nationwide strikes over arrears from as far back as 2014, as well as for increased salaries, hazard pay and funding for residency. Yet another strike occurred in April 2021 over similar issues of payment stretching back several months. That strike lasted ten days before ending on 10 April. Prior to the strike, on 31 March, NARD and the Nigerian government had signed a memorandum of understanding (which was later amended on 9 April) that addressed some of the doctor's concerns. However, after several months, NARD claimed that the government had not implemented the terms of that memorandum. On 19 June, NARD threatened additional industrial action to protest the government's refusal to pay. As a result, on 31 July, the National Executive Council of NARD met and unanimously voted to go on strike starting on 2 August in order to protest the government's inaction. In addition, NARD was requesting the government to pay insurance benefits to the family of 19 of their members who had died of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. Course of the strike The strike began at 8 a.m. on 2 August, a Monday. Speaking to Agence France-Presse, the president of NARD stated that the strike was set for an indefinite period of time, and no exemptions were made for doctors handling COVID-19 treatments. According to a state chairman of NARD, the strike would end when the government agreed to implement the policies of the memorandum. Speaking to The Guardian at the outbreak of the strike, the president of the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) declined to comment on the strike action, but did criticize the government's failure to pay the doctors their wages. In that same article, it was stated that the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment had not received a strike notice from NARD prior to the start of the strike, but that they were still prepared to initiate dialogues with the union as soon as possible. At the time of the strike's start, Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari was out of the country on a medical visit to the United Kingdom. The strike commenced as Nigeria was experiencing its third wave of COVID-19 cases. The following day, on 3 August, Minister Adeleke Mamora of the Federal Ministry of Health spoke at an NMA conference where he urged the striking doctors to return to negotiations. On 5 August, Vanguard reported that NARD had sent a letter to the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) that protested MDCN's action of barring house officers from going on strike with NARD, alleging that MDCN did not have the authority to enforce that prohibition. Around the same time, the National Assembly issued a statement asking NARD to "consider the situation" and call off the strike in light of the ongoing pandemic. However, over the following days, both sides took hardline stances, with Labour Minister Chris Ngige stating on 7 August that he was setting a 7 day ultimatum for the doctors to return to work before they faced possible termination. Also, he invoked a "no work, no pay" rule that would prohibit the doctors from getting paid for the duration of the strike. In addition, Ngige warned his children, who are doctors, not to join the strike, and also pointed out that the International Labour Organization supported his position. Additional responses to the strike came from the Director-General of the All Progressives Congress's Progressive Governors Forum, who chided NARD and urged them to return to work. However, the president of NARD stated that the strike would continue indefinitely until their demands were met. NARD also received support from the Centre for Labour Studies, who questioned the legality of Ngige's "no work, no pay" stance. In addition, supporters of the strike pointed to the disparity between the funding for government hospitals (such as the ones affected by the NARD strike) and the quality of health care available to the upper class of society, such as President Buhari. Around the same time, the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria (MDCAN) was also threatening strike action over similar issues that NARD was facing. However, out of fear of a much larger strike involving both NARD and MDCAN, Ngige moved to address many of MDCAN's demands, and by 15 August it was reported by The Sun that the organization was no longer planning for strike action. On 10 August, representatives for NARD met for negotiations with members of the House of Representatives for over six hours, though without a deal or agreement being made. Following this, on 12 August, Minister Ngige handed the dispute over to the National Industrial Court of Nigeria for adjudication. Around the same time, the NMA was threatening to join NARD in striking if payments the government had promised them were not made. Additionally, Vanguard reported shortly afterwards that the government was attempting to halt consultants from joining the strike. Criticizing NARD, Ngige alleged that the doctors were attempting to "play God" with the strike. The National Industrial Court later set a hearing date for the case for 15 September. On 13 August, following almost two weeks of striking, the Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs issued a statement urging doctors to stop striking and return to negotiations with the government, stating, "Without prejudice to the legitimacy of the demands of the NARD, we urge the Association to, in the spirit of the Hippocratic Oath to which members subscribe and in consideration of the devastating effects of COVID-19 pandemic and the outbreak of cholera in some parts of the country, suspend the industrial action while negotiation with the government continues". The President-General of this group, Sultan of Sokoto Sa'adu Abubakar, also urged the Nigerian government to return to the bargaining table. Another religious leader in the country, Archbishop of Abuja Ignatius Ayau Kaigama, similarly called for an end to the strike. However, by 15 August, Vanguard was reporting that "there is no end in sight to the protracted strike." On August 19, the National Industrial Court rejected a request to order NARD to cease their striking that had been submitted to them by a nongovernmental organisation, with the judge saying he would not issue such an order without first hearing from the doctors. On 21 August, it was reported that the Association of Hospital and Administrative Pharmacists of Nigeria (AHAPN) were considering industrial action in order to add further pressure the Nigerian government into honoring their agreements with NARD. That same day, Ngige stated that the Ministry of Labour had reached an agreement with the NMA that would see the terms of a memorandum between the two implemented by 23 August. This came after a round of negotiations that had started the previous day, 20 August, where the NMA had brought NARD to the bargaining table at the request of President Buhari. With the implementation, it was reported by numerous sources that NARD may end or suspend their strike. However, due to an undisclosed clause, NARD refused to sign the memorandum and instead continued the strike. However, on 23 August, the National Industrial Court ordered that NARD suspend its strike effective immediately. However, the presiding judge rejected a request from the Nigerian government to fully end the strike, instead calling on the parties "to suspend all forms of hostilities and maintain status quo". On 29 August, it was reported that the Forum of Chairmen of Health Institutions in Nigeria (FCHIN) had charged the government and union to reach an agreement to end the strike. Shortly thereafter, the NMA announced their intent to strike within 21 days if the federal government did not resolve the issues that had been addressed in agreements with various groups associated with the NMA. This came around the same time that a spokesperson for NARD stated that the federal government had not paid their employees for August. On 4 October 2021, the doctors in Nigeria's government hospitals called off it’s two-month old strike. The president of the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors, Dr. Dare Ishaya, stated that the resident doctors said they will resume work after they “achieved some positive results” in talks with the government. See also Healthcare in Nigeria Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals List of health and medical strikes Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic Brain Drain in Nigeria Notes References Further reading 2021 in Nigeria 2021 labor disputes and strikes August 2021 events in Nigeria COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria Health and medical strikes Labour disputes in Nigeria
Mycalesis mestra, the white-edged bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia (Assam, Burma, Sikkim, Bhutan) Description Upperside very dark Vandyke brown, the cilia conspicuously white, the transverse white discal band of the underside showing through on both forewing and hindwing, but very plainly on the latter. Forewing with a white-centred, fulvous-ringed, median, and a similar but much smaller subapical eyespot, the latter very often absent; broad but faint and ill-defined sub-terminal and terminal white lines. Hindwing: a subtornal ocellus (eyespot) similar to those on the forewing and much more conspicuous; subterminal and terminal whitish lines. Underside: ground colour similar; basal half of wings closely irrorated (sprinkled) with pale transverse stripe; a conspicuous white discal band, inwardly sharply defined, outwardly diffused, followed by series of ocelli similar to the ocelli on the upperside, a median and two subapical on the forewing, three subapical and three tornal on the hindwing: the number of these ocelli is variable, sometimes one or more additional ocelli are present, often one or more are lacking on the hindwing; finally, the subterminal and terminal white bands as on the upperside but better defined. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen brown; antennae annulated (ringed) with white, ochraceous at apex. Male sex-mark in form 2. Mycalesis suaveolens Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1883 resembles M. mestra, but differs constantly as follows: Upperside ground colour a brighter, more ruddy brown; cilia white tinged with ochraceous; the discal, subterminal and terminal bands on the underside showing through much more faintly than in M. mestra; the number of ocelli very variable. Underside: basal area uniform, with no trace of the pale transverse striae; white discal band narrower, subterminal and terminal bands brownish white. References Mycalesis Fauna of Pakistan Butterflies of Asia
The Serrano are an indigenous people of California. They use the autonyms of Taaqtam, meaning "people"; Maarrênga’yam, "people from Morongo"; and Yuhaaviatam, "people of the pines." Today the Maarrênga'yam are enrolled in the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, and the Yuhaviatam are enrolled in the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. Additionally, some Serrano people are enrolled in the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians. Culture History of the Serrano General The Serrano are typically divided into the Mountain Serrano and the Desert Serrano. The Desert Serrano historically occupied the Western and Central Mojave Desert along the Mojave River. The Mojave River Region begins in the San Bernardino Mountains and provided ease of trading access between the Serrano and other Indigenous groups, including the Mojave. The area of the Mojave Desert now and historically occupied by the Serrano used to have many oases, while it is now much drier and warmer. Serrano language is part of the Takic subset of the large Uto-Aztecan languages group of indigenous people of North America. The language family historically extended from Mexico along the West Coast and into the Great Basin, with representation among tribes in Mesoamerica. They were a branch of the Takic languages speaking people who arrived in Southern California around 2,500 years ago. Serrano means "highlander" or "mountaineer" in Spanish. When the Spanish missionaries came into the region, in the late 18th century they helped create the tribal name Serrano, distinguishing the people from neighboring tribes who were designated as the Tongva (Gabrileño—Fernandeño) to the southwest, and Kitanemuk and Tataviam to the northwest. "Prehistory" [Archaeology of the Precolonial Periods] Louis Leakey claims that sites within the Serrano territory, such as the "Calico" site, are proof of human occupation in the Americas as far as 50,000 years before present. Both contemporary and modern scholars find these claims to be dubious at best, although the site does hold promising artifacts and features which have been dated to the Pleistocene. The earliest period of occupation at this site accepted by most scholars is known as the Lake Mojave period, which dates 12,000 bp - 7,000 bp. Sites from this period are marked by the presence of Silver Lake projectile points and Lake Mojave projectile points, compared to similar sites in the Southwest, which are often marked by the presence of Clovis Points. Excavations of two prehistoric quarries in the central Mojave indicate the lifestyles of early Serrano and Serrano-Predecessors. The quarries, dating back to the Pleistocene, indicate a much wetter landscape present in the desert than exists today. The high number of hunting tools indicate that groups in this area were mostly mobile hunter groups during the Pleistocene. Conversely, Holocene artifacts found at these quarries indicate a year-long occupation of single sites and a combination of both foraging and hunting for sustenance. Materials harvested at the sites suggest high use of stone tools such as grinding stones. Lithic artifacts found in the Central Mojave suggest high exploitation of stone quarries. During the Gypsum period, subsistence strategies shifted to rely more on hunting, and early Desert Serrano adapted the bow and arrow. A much cooler and moister environment meant intensified occupation of the area. Increased moisture during the “Rose Spring” period [1700 bp- 1000bp] is closely correlated with continuous indigenous occupation of the Western Mojave, followed by an abandonment of the area during a subsequent drought. The first Takic speakers are speculated to have arrived in the area around the Shoshonean Period, around 1100 CE. These are thought to be the ancestors of the modern day Serrano groups. Historical Period [Colonial Periods] Spanish Colonisation The Spanish founded Mission San Gabriel Arcangel in 1771, south of the San Gabriel Mountains and southwest of the San Bernardino Mountains. With the establishment of the mission, the Serrano lands claimed by the Spanish came under the jurisdiction of the mission and its subsequent outposts, or asistencias, in particular the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia, established in 1819. With the Cahuilla and Quechan tribes, in 1812 the Serrano revolted against it and other local missions practicing Indian reductions. There is significant historic documentation of trade between Serrano peoples, other, non-Serrano indigenous groups, and the Spanish in California during the 18th and 19th centuries. Diary accounts of trade from Franciscans and oral accounts from Native Serrano both discuss the Serrano “exploitation” of the Mojave River, and its use to efficiently trade both food and beads. Coastal California groups traded shell beads and asphaltum to Southwestern groups, such as and including the Serrano, for ceramics and textiles. Coastal shell beads and shell jewelry are frequently found in pre-modern Southwestern burial sites. The traded materials are treated as “prestige goods” due to the wealthy contexts in which they are currently found by archaeologists and other researchers, indicating a healthy trade economy. The power of Indigenous trade relations hindered Spanish Colonial forces from regulating [taxing] “neophytes” and hinterland natives. Textiles woven by Southwestern groups were extremely valuable to Coastal groups, and historical accounts describe the long distance trade of these textiles through Mojave desert traders. In 1819, Serrano were relocated to estancia throughout southern California, such as the Asistencia in Redlands, California. The Serrano built Mill Creek Zanja here, an irrigation system which provided water for most of the region. In 1834 the Mexican Alta California government forcibly relocated many Serrano to the missions. They suffered devastating smallpox outbreaks in 1840 and 1860. Due to the cultural suppression which occurred during the Mission Period, there was one remaining hümtc [shaman] who revived religious ceremonies nearly lost to time in the early 1900s, as documented by anthropologist and ethnographer Ruth F. Benedict. Ceremonies such as the tuwituaim [dance] revive not only Serrano religious and spiritual practices, but communal and familial practices as well. Spiritual practices followed by female practitioners are often associated with the pursuit of good health, such as the hot sand pit. Women practiced health rituals to rid themselves of bad energy associated with taboo, such as menstruation periods. American Colonisation In 1867 the Yuhaviatam band of Serrano were the victims of a massacre conducted by American settlers of the San Bernardino Valley, during a 32-day campaign at Chimney Rock. The massacre was a response to a raid, probably carried out by Chemehuevi Southern Paiutes, on a white settlement at Lake Arrowhead, during which buildings were burned. Three American ranch hands were killed at a ranch called Los Flores in Summit Valley, near present-day Hesperia. Tribal leader Santos Manuel led the survivors from the mountains to the valley, where they established permanent residence adjacent to the hot springs near present-day Highland. In 1891 the United States established the San Manuel Reservation for the Serrano people, which took its name to honor of Chief Santos Manuel. The Serrano historically lived in the San Bernardino Mountains and into the San Bernardino Valley, and later extended northwest through east into the Mojave Desert, and west into the San Gabriel Mountains, the Sierra Pelona Mountains, and the southern Tehachapi Mountains. The Serrano populated the San Bernardino Mountains and extended northwest into the Mojave River area of the Mojave Desert and west into the Tejon Creek watershed in the Tehachapi Mountains. The Serrano populations along Tejon Creek were identified as the Cuahajai or Cuabajay, their exonyms by the neighboring Mojave tribe. Mountain camps were used for hunting. One such encampment was accidentally unearthed by the U.S. Forest Service fighting a wildfire in 2003 near Baldwin Lake. Uncovered were artifacts of non-local jasper and obsidian, ash and charcoal, grinding stones, and fire pits possibly dating back 1,000 years. Serrano villages included Akxawiet, Cucamonga, Homhoabit, Jurumpa, Juyubit, Muscupiabit, Topapaibit (Victorville), Guapiabit (Hesperia), Paso del Cajon, San Benito, San Gorgonio, San Pascual, (Rancho) San Timoteo, Temeku (Rancheria), Tolocabi, and Yucaipa. Modern-Day Use of Traditional Knowledge The modern Band of Mission Indians is maintaining ancient trade relations with local Californian groups such as the Yurok. San Manuel Public Relations Manager, Jenna Brady, believes that these ancient trade relations should be maintained to both stimulate cultural growth and to stimulate economic security for indigenous Californian groups. The tribe is currently analysing prospects of new and ongoing inter-tribal relations, based on historic trade relations. Population Estimates have varied as scholars struggle to determine the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California. (See Population of Native California.) Alfred L. Kroeber put the combined 1770 population of the Serrano, Kitanemuk, and Tataviam at 3,500 and the Serrano proper (excluding the Vanyume) at 1,500. Lowell John Bean suggested an aboriginal Serrano population of about 2,500. As noted, smallpox epidemics and social disruption reduced the population. The 1880 census reported only 381 Serranos, a number Helen Hunt Jackson thought was too low as it did not account for those who were living in remote areas. Kroeber estimated the combined population of the Serrano, Kitanemuk, and Tataviam in 1910 as 150. Reservations The Morongo Reservation in Banning, California, and the San Manuel Reservation near San Bernardino, California, are both federally recognized Indian reservations belonging to the Serrano people. See also The Eye of God, sacred site in Big Bear City, CA Serrano language Serrano traditional narratives Juyubit, California (Serrano settlement) Notes References Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith. (1978), "Serrano", in California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 570–574. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Kroeber, A. L. (1925), Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C. Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Sutton, Mark Q. and David D. Earle 2017 The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly. 53(2&3). External links San Manuel Band of Mission Indians Morongo Band of Mission Indians Mojave Desert Net: Serrano Indians Native American tribes in California California Mission Indians History of Los Angeles County, California History of San Bernardino County, California History of the Mojave Desert region San Bernardino Mountains San Gabriel Mountains Tehachapi Mountains
Neunburg vorm Wald is a municipality in the district of Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 21 km east of Schwandorf on the river Schwarzach, a tributary of the Naab. Mayor The mayor is Martin Birner (CSU). He was elected in 2014 with 77,98 % of the votes, and re-elected in 2020. Population development Population development (with incorporations): Sons and daughters of the town Johann Agricola (1590-1668), physician, alchemist and saline expert Elisabeth Röckel (1793-1883), opera singer, wife of Johann Nepomuk Hummel Gregor von Scherr (1804-1877), Archbishop of Munich and Freising, name giver for the local school References Schwandorf (district)
Bul-Kaypanovo (; , Bül-Qaypan) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Bul-Kaypanovsky Selsoviet, Tatyshlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 682 as of 2010. There are 11 streets. Geography Bul-Kaypanovo is located 7 km northwest of Verkhniye Tatyshly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokaypanovo is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Tatyshlinsky District
Lydia Murdock is an American pop singer. She is best known for her answer song to Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean", known as "Superstar", where she portrayed Billie Jean saying that she's "mad as hell" in the song's lyrics. The song was a hit, peaking at #14 in the UK in October 1983. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American women singers 21st-century American women
The 2002 Betty Barclay Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, Germany and was part of Tier II of the 2002 WTA Tour. It was the 18th and last edition of the tournament and was held from 30 April until 5 May 2002. Second-seeded Kim Clijsters won the singles title and earned $93,000 first-prize money. Finals Singles Kim Clijsters defeated Venus Williams 1–6, 6–3, 6–4 It was Clijsters' 1st title of the year and the 7th of her career. Doubles Martina Hingis / Barbara Schett defeated Daniela Hantuchová / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–1, 6–1 References External links ITF tournament edition details Tournament draws Betty Barclay Cup WTA Hamburg Betty Barclay Cup Betty Barclay Cup Betty Barclay Cup Betty Barclay Cup
Ambohitrambo is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Arivonimamo, which is a part of Itasy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and pineapple, while other important agricultural products are sugarcane and tomato. Services provide employment for 1% of the population. References and notes Populated places in Itasy Region
```javascript /* global it, describe, toEJSON / var request = require('supertest'); var assert = require('chai').assert; var jsdom = require('mocha-jsdom'); var fs = require('fs'); var conn_name = 'TestConnection'; var db_name = 'NewTestDB'; var coll_name = 'NewTestCollection'; var user_name = 'TestNewUser'; const app = require('../app'); var agent = request.agent(app); describe('Add connection, database and collection', function(){ it('Add a new connection', function(done){ agent .post('/config/add_config') .send({0: conn_name, 1: 'mongodb://localhost:27017', 2: '{}'}) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'Config successfully added'}, done); }); it('Add a database', function(done){ agent .post('/database/' + conn_name + '/db_create') .send({'db_name': db_name}) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'Database successfully created'}, done); }); it('Add a collection', function(done){ agent .post('/collection/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/coll_create') .send({'collection_name': coll_name}) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'Collection successfully created'}, done); }); }); describe('User tests', function(){ it('Create a user', function(done){ var json = { 'username': user_name, 'user_password': 'test', 'roles_text': 'read' }; agent .post('/users/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/user_create') .send(json) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'User successfully created'}, done); }); it('Delete a user', function(done){ agent .post('/users/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/user_delete') .send({'username': user_name}) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'User successfully deleted'}, done); }); }); // as this requires JSDOM to properly test document adding/validation // these tests only support Nodejs 4 or above as per JSDOM's requirements if(process.version.substring(1, 2) >= 4){ describe('Document tests', function(){ var oid_doc_id = ''; var doc_id; jsdom({ src: fs.readFileSync('./public/js/toEJSON.js', 'utf-8') }); it('Add a document', function(done){ var dte = new Date(); var json = '{"NewTestDocument":"Test Data","NewTestDateToday": ISODate("' + dte.toISOString() + '"),"NewTestDate5Days": ISODate("' + new Date(dte.setDate(dte.getDate() - 5)).toISOString() + '")}'; var strJSON = toEJSON.serializeString(json); agent .post('/document/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/insert_doc') .send({'objectData': strJSON}) .expect(200) .end(function(err, result){ assert.equal(result.body.msg, 'Document successfully added'); oid_doc_id = result.body.doc_id; done(); }); }); it('Find document using ObjectID', function(done){ var qryJson = "{'_id': ObjectId('" + oid_doc_id + "')}"; var strJSON = toEJSON.serializeString(qryJson); agent .post('/api/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/1') .send({'query': strJSON}) .expect(200) .end(function(err, result){ assert.equal(result.body.data[0]._id, oid_doc_id); done(); }); }); it('Find document using non existant ObjectID', function(done){ var qryJson = '{"_id": ObjectId("56a97ed3f718fe9a4f59948c")}'; var strJSON = toEJSON.serializeString(qryJson); agent .post('/api/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/1') .send({'query': strJSON}) .expect(200) .end(function(err, result){ assert.equal(result.body.data.length, 0); done(); }); }); it('Send in an incorrect syntax query', function(done){ var qryJson = '{"_id": ObjectId("56a97ed3f718fe9a4f59948cds")}'; var strJSON = toEJSON.serializeString(qryJson); agent .post('/api/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/1') .send({'query': strJSON}) .expect(200) .end(function(err, result){ assert.equal(result.body.validQuery, false); done(); }); }); it('Find document using valid date', function(done){ var qryJson = '{"NewTestDateToday" : {"$gte": ISODate("2013-10-01T00:00:00.000Z")}}'; var strJSON = toEJSON.serializeString(qryJson); agent .post('/api/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/1') .send({'query': strJSON}) .expect(200) .end(function(err, result){ assert.equal(result.body.data[0]._id, oid_doc_id); done(); }); }); it('Find document using invalid date', function(done){ var qryJson = '{"NewTestDateToday" : {"$lte": ISODate("2013-10-01T00:00:00.000Z")}}'; var strJSON = toEJSON.serializeString(qryJson); agent .post('/api/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/1') .send({'query': strJSON}) .expect(200) .end(function(err, result){ assert.equal(result.body.data.length, 0); done(); }); }); it('Find document using string values', function(done){ var json = {'NewTestDocument': 'Test Data'}; var strJSON = JSON.stringify(json); agent .post('/api/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/1') .send({'query': strJSON}) .expect(200) .end(function(err, res){ assert.equal(res.body.data[0].NewTestDocument, 'Test Data'); doc_id = res.body.data[0]._id; done(); }); }); it('Delete our new document', function(done){ agent .post('/document/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/doc_delete') .send({'doc_id': doc_id}) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'Document successfully deleted'}, done); }); }); }else{ console.warn(' Document tests cannot be completed. Please update your Nodejs version to v4 or above *'.red); } describe('Remove and remove collection and connection', function(){ it('Rename the collection', function(done){ agent .post('/collection/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/' + coll_name + '/coll_name_edit') .send({'new_collection_name': coll_name + 'Changed'}) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'Collection successfully renamed'}, done); }); it('Remove the collection', function(done){ agent .post('/collection/' + conn_name + '/' + db_name + '/coll_delete') .send({'collection_name': coll_name + 'Changed'}) .expect(200) .expect({'coll_name': coll_name + 'Changed', 'msg': 'Collection successfully deleted'}, done); }); it('Remove the database', function(done){ agent .post('/database/' + conn_name + '/db_delete') .send({'db_name': db_name}) .expect(200) .expect({'db_name': db_name, 'msg': 'Database successfully deleted'}, done); }); it('Remove the connection', function(done){ agent .post('/config/drop_config') .send({'curr_config': conn_name}) .expect(200) .expect({'msg': 'Config successfully deleted'}, done); }); }); ```
Bukit Batu is a state constituency in Johor, Malaysia, that is represented in the Johor State Legislative Assembly. The state constituency was first contested in 2004 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Johor State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Demographics History Polling districts According to the gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Bukit Batu constituency has a total of 15 polling districts. Representation history Election results References Johor state constituencies
William Powlas Peery (May 21, 1922 – January 20, 2000) was a Pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America/Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church who taught theology at ecumenical institutions, the Andhra Christian Theological College at its erstwhile location in Rajahmundry and also at the United Theological College, Bangalore both of which are affiliated to the nation's first University, the Senate of Serampore College (University), Serampore. Peery was in India from 1945 through 1987 laying the foundation for ecumenical ventures, especially his role at the Andhra Christian Theological College in overseeing the merger of the Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary in 1967 as well as involving himself in the negotiations on Lutheran dialogue with the Church of South India. Peery was a member of the Church of South India-Lutheran Inter-Church Commission. During the third meeting of the Commission called for by the chairmen, Rajah B. Manikam and Hospet Sumitra that was convened by the Secretary Joshua Russell Chandran on 8 and 9 January 1963 at the United Theological College, Bangalore, Peery presented a comparative analysis of the constitutions of the Lutheran and the Church of South India Societies. After the conclusion of the third Inter-Church Commission, Peery was made Convenor of a Committee to come up with two drafts relating to the importance of episcopy, one on episcopal basis and the other partly-episcopal and partly non-episcopal. Peery also took part in Lutheran-Oriental Orthodox negotiations where he came up with two papers on Lutheran perspectives entitled, A Lutheran Understanding of Worship and Liturgy: basic principles and present concerns and The place of Mary in the Lutheran Church. Studies Graduate studies Peery studied arts at the Newberry College, Newberry, South Carolina taking a graduate degree in arts leading to Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in 1943. During his college days at Newberry, Peery seemed to be involved in organising Luther League After discerning his avocation towards priesthood, he studied spirituality at the Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary in Columbia, South Carolina which in 1945 awarded him a graduate degree in divinity, Bachelor of Divinity (B. D.). Post-graduate studies In 1957, Peery took study leave and studied for the postgraduate degree of Master of Arts (M.A.) specialising in Religions at the Vanderbilt University, Nashville where he submitted a thesis entitled The church and its ministry as seen by Lutherans and the Church of South India under the supervision of Professor J. Robert Nelson. Doctoral studies After Peery's stint as an Administrator at the ecumenical Inter-Church Service Agency, he enrolled as a doctoral candidate at the Duke University, Durham, North Carolina and submitted a dissertation entitled A Christian understanding of south Indian Vaishnavism enabling the university to award a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1972. Ecclesiastical career Pastoral and Teaching From 1945 onwards, Peery was a Missionary and Member of the Council of India Mission of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. In 1946 he was assigned the role of a Pastor to Tumrukota in Rentachintala Mandal of Guntur District where he served up to 1951. Peery was also involved in differently-abled development at Rentachintala where the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church Society established a school for the visually-impaired Peery was a member of the Committee for the Welfare of the Visually and the Hearing-Impaired under the auspices of the National Council of Churches in India (formerly the Christian Council of India and Pakistan). Peery moved to Rajahmundry in East Godavari District and taught from 1952 through 1964 at the Lutheran Theological College, Rajahmundry until its merger into the newly formed ecumenical Andhra Christian Theological College which comprised the following ecclesiastical seminaries: The Lutheran Theological College, Rajahmundry, The Baptist Theological Seminary, Kakinada, and The Andhra Union Theological College, Dornakal. Peery was then reassigned to teach at the new college from 1964 onwards at the Andhra Christian Theological College (ACTC). It was Peery who oversaw the inclusion of the Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary into the ACTC in 1967 when an Act of Integration was performed in the presence of the President of the Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary, Louis F. Knoll. In 1971, Peery took up a Professorship at the United Theological College, Bangalore where he taught Religions along with then Professor G. D. Melanchthon. In 1985, Peery along with his other colleagues, Joshua Russell Chandran, J. G. F. Collison, R. Richer and Christopher Doraisingh presented a paper entitled The Concept of Baptism in the Judeo-Christian Tradition. After teaching Religions for nearly two decades at the United Theological College, Bangalore, Peery retired on account of superannuation in 1987. Administrative In 1969, Peery moved to Madras where he donned the mantle of an Administrator by taking up an administrative role at the ecumenical Inter Church Service Agency in Egmore, Madras where he served for a year before taking up doctoral studies at the Duke University. Peery was a member of Council of India Mission of the United Lutheran Church in America and held the position as office bearer as vice-president from 1953 to 1955 and as president from 1959 to 1963, 1966–1969, and from 1973 to 1975. Recognition and honours In 1966, the Lenoir–Rhyne University, Hickory, North Carolina conferred an honorary doctorate degree on Peery along with William Richard Fritz, Lestor C. Gifford, Franklin Clark Fry and Lewis Arthur Larson. Further reading References 20th-century American Lutheran clergy Lutheran writers 2000 deaths 1922 births Academic staff of the Senate of Serampore College (University) People from Hickory, North Carolina American expatriates in India
Erkel may refer to the following. Arjan Erkel (born 1970), Dutch medical aid worker Ferenc Erkel (1810–1893), Hungarian composer, who wrote the Hungarian national opera Bánk bán Sándor Erkel (1846–1900), musician, Ferenc's son Erkel, a 1952 Hungarian film See also Urkel
The Soldiers and Sailors Monument is a tall Gothic Revival memorial which stands in Penn Square in downtown Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It was dedicated on July 4, 1874, at its present site on the Northeast intersection of King and Queen Streets. The monument's original intention was to pay tribute to Lancastrian Union soldiers killed during the American Civil War. However, today the Soldiers and Sailors Monument also represents those who have served in subsequent American military conflicts. The 1744 Treaty of Lancaster between the British and Iroquois was signed in the old Lancaster courthouse which stood on the site of the monument at the time. The Soldiers and Sailors Monument also stands on the exact spot where the Second Continental Congress met during the American Revolutionary War on September 27, 1777, in the old Lancaster Courthouse. The courthouse was built in 1739 but later burned down in 1784, rebuilt 1787 to serve as State House from 1799 to 1812 and reverting as Lancaster County Courthouse until 1852. The monument has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 2, 1973. Description The Lancaster Soldiers and Sailors Monument features a tall Rhode Island, rectangular granite pillar topped with a statue of a robed woman on a pedestal known as the "Genius of Liberty". The Genius of Liberty holds a drawn sword and a shield. Her head is crowned with stars. She faces north which, according to legend, allows her to turn her back on the former Confederate States of America, which were defeated in the war. Statues of four men representing the four branches of the American armed services surround the granite shaft near its base. The four branches represented by the men are the United States Navy, United States Army, Artillery and the United States Cavalry. The names of several Civil War battles are carved on the monument's central granite pillar, as the memorial's original intent was to honor those killed in that particular war. The inscriptions include the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Chickamauga, the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Malvern Hill, the Battle of Petersburg and the Battle of the Wilderness. Several bronze plaques have been added to the Soldiers and Sailors Monument since its construction, memorializing members of the American armed forces. One plaque specifically commemorates the role of African Americans in the military. Other separate plaques honor those killed in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War. The base of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument is carved with the inscription, "Erected by the people of Lancaster County/ To the memory of their fellow citizens who fell /in defense of the Union /in the War of the Rebellion /1861–1865" History The idea for a memorial to Lancastrian Union soldiers killed during the American Civil War was conceived soon after the end of hostilities in 1865. The funding for the memorial was championed by a women's civic organization called the Patriot Daughters of Lancaster and its leader, Rosina Hubley. The Patriot Daughters of Lancaster held a ladies fundraising fair sale in December 1867 at the nearby Fulton Hall, now called the Fulton Opera House, to help finance the construction of the proposed monument. The event raised approximately US$3,500 the ultimate goal of $20,000. The remaining funds for the monument's construction were raised through either military taxes and funds released by the Lancaster County Treasury or through private donations. The total cost of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument is believed to be $26,000 at the time. Centre Square, as the present-day Penn Square was called at the time, was chosen as the site of the new Soldiers and Sailors Monument. The monument was formally commissioned on November 4, 1872. It was formally unveiled and dedicated on July 4, 1874, and was originally surrounded by stockade fencing and dirt streets at the time. President Ulysses S. Grant sent his regrets for being unable to attend the ceremony. The large crowd which watched the dedication included Civil War veterans and a group of girls from the Mount Joy Soldiers Orphan Home. The Soldiers and Sailors Monument was officially dedicated at 1:00 pm while the girls from the orphanage sang My Father's Grave. The Genius of Liberty on top of the monument was draped in an American flag. Rosina Hubley, who had led the efforts to construct the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, remarked on July 4, 1874, that she believed it would be a "perpetual reminder to all people of the country as they gather week-to-week to barter and chaffer in the market place, that there is something higher and better than self or produce, bargains or bank notes." An iron fence and granite wall enclosure were added to the monument in 1877, replacing the original picket fence. The monument was sandblasted and cleaned in both 1905 and 1924. A plaque containing the Gettysburg Address and a picture of Abraham Lincoln were added on June 8, 1931. New lights were placed on the monument in 1956, 1972 and again in the early 2000s. A proposal was floated during the 1950s to relocate the monument to an alternative site in a city park in order to ease traffic congestion in downtown Lancaster. However, the relocation idea was abandoned and the memorial remained at its original location. Traffic passed around all four sides of the monument until the 1970s. A new traffic pattern was devised for Penn Square and the monument in 1972. A brick plaza was constructed in tandem with the expansion of the nearby Fulton Bank building, closing off traffic on the monument's northeast corner and opening it to pedestrians. The size of the monument's base was shrunk from its original down to as part of the reroute of traffic. The iron railing, added in 1877, was removed and new granite curbing was added to protect the monument from traffic collisions. On November 12, 1978, a woman committed suicide by crashing her car into the monument, causing damage to the sailor statue, which represents the United States Navy. The sailor statue's base and legs were repaired using cement. The new $170 million, Lancaster County Convention Center and 300 room Marriott Hotel opened directly across the street from the monument on April 21, 2009. The historic Lancaster Central Market, constructed in 1889, and the W. W. Griest Building stand just to the northwest. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster, Pennsylvania References External links National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form Buildings and structures completed in 1874 Buildings and structures in Lancaster, Pennsylvania Gothic Revival architecture in Pennsylvania Monumental columns in the United States Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster, Pennsylvania Tourist attractions in Lancaster, Pennsylvania Union (American Civil War) monuments and memorials in Pennsylvania
Dorothy Andrews Elston Kabis (March 22, 1917 – July 3, 1971) was a Republican Party activist and former Treasurer of the United States from Delaware, having served from May 8, 1969, until her death. She was the only treasurer to marry while in office. Biography Elston Kabis died of a heart attack in Sheffield, Massachusetts, at 54 while visiting her father's grave. In her honor, the NFRW established an internship program for young women. Name change Following her appointment as treasurer by U.S. President Richard M. Nixon as Dorothy Andrews Elston, she married Walter L. Kabis (1914–2009), a World War II Pacific Navy veteran on the USS England (DE-635) and a school principal from Wilmington, Delaware, in 1970 and changed her name to Dorothy Andrews Elston Kabis. She became the first (and so far only) treasurer to have their name changed while in office, an event significant because the signature of the Treasurer of the United States appears on U.S. paper currency. As Elston, Kabis signature appeared on the series 1969 one-dollar bill. The resulting change in Kabis' signature appeared first on the Series 1969A note, so designated to show a different name as treasurer, even though it was the same person. References 1917 births 1971 deaths Treasurers of the United States Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware Delaware Republicans Methodists from Delaware Politicians from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania American horticulture businesspeople Farmers from Delaware Women in Delaware politics American women farmers 20th-century American businesspeople 20th-century American businesswomen 20th-century American politicians 20th-century American women politicians People from Middletown, Delaware 20th-century American farmers 20th-century women farmers
The District of Columbia Protective Services Division (formerly, the Protective Services Police Department) is a division of the Department of General Services of the District of Columbia Government. The organization is responsible for "law enforcement activities and physical security of all properties owned, leased or otherwise under the control of the Government of the District of Columbia." PSD officers are sworn law enforcement personnel with full police authority delegated from the Mayor of the District of Columbia and have the authority to bear firearms, serve warrants, and make full custodial arrests throughout the District of Columbia History The PSD traces its beginnings to an 1899 Act of Congress, the "Watchmen in Municipal Facilities Act", which ordered the creation of a police force separate from the Metropolitan Police Department to maintain law and order in municipal government facilities that at the time were controlled by the federal government. In 1973, the District of Columbia government established the Government Protective Services Division to control the police force being transferred from the federal government to the Mayor of the District of Columbia under the Home Rule Act. D.C. Code § 10-1005 establishes the "Protective Services Police Department, which shall coordinate and manage the security and law enforcement requirements for District government agencies and facilities." In September 2009, Mayor Adrian Fenty signed an Executive Order that changed the name of the agency from "Protective Services Division" to "Protective Services Police Department." In 2012, Mayor Vincent Gray transferred PSPD from the Department of Real Estate Services to the new Department of General Services. The legislation ordering the transfer was attached to the FY 2012 Budget Support Act, and transmitted to the U.S. Congress on August 11, 2012, for a 30-day review. Congress took no action, thus it became law on October 1, 2012. With this act, the Protective Services Police Department became the Protective Services Division of the Department of General Services. Areas of responsibility and primary jurisdiction John A. Wilson Building (Seat of Government) Historic Eastern Market DC Government Office Buildings (Reeves Center, One Judiciary Square, Municipal Center, Southwest Towers, etc.) DC Department of Mental Health facilities, including St Elizabeth's Hospital and Halfway Houses throughout the city DC City Parks, Recreation Centers and Pools DC Office on Aging Facilities including 2 Nursing Homes DC Fire and EMS Headquarters, Fire Stations and facilities DC Department of Human Services Homeless Shelters DC Department of Human Services Welfare Offices DC Department of Health Community Health Care Clinics (Unity Health) DC Animal Shelter and associated facilities DC Water treatment plants and facilities DC Department of Public Works yards and facilities DC Department of Transportation yards and facilities DC Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Agency Headquarters DC Metropolitan Police Department Headquarters and facilities DC Office of Unified Communications facilities (911 centers, communications towers, etc.) DC Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (Parole and Probation) DC Department of Motor Vehicles Service Centers DC Village Campus DC General Campus ST Elizabeth's Campus DC Sports and Entertainment Authority facilities (RFK Stadium, Nationals Stadium, etc.) DC Department of Employment Services One Stop Centers and facilities DC OCTO Data Centers DC Child and Family Services Agency facilities Operational PSD officers assigned to the Mobile Operations Branch are deployed throughout the District of Columbia and are responsible for answering calls for police services in the assigned Police District. PSD utilizes the District of Columbia Office of Unified Communications for dispatching and therefore, PSD officers work off the same radio dispatch zones as their DC Metropolitan Police Department and DC Housing Authority counterparts. PSD is tasked with providing uniformed police officers to support the operations of other District agencies when needed and is occasionally tasked with providing Executive Protection Details to District Government Officials or other dignitaries visiting the District of Columbia. PSD officers are issued similar duty equipment as the officers of the MPDC. The standard duty weapon is the GLOCK 17, while officials at the rank of Captain and above may be issued GLOCK 19 or GLOCK 26 service weapons. Since, PSD officers are government employees with the authority to make full custodial arrests; the officers are "qualified law enforcement officers" as defined in the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act, and can therefore carry concealed firearms while off-duty anywhere in the United States without regard to local and state laws. Organization Uniformed Operations Section - Uniformed police patrols covering all seven police districts, 911 response and protection of critical infrastructure, government officials and the public using DC Government Facilities, as well as uniformed police details at the Wilson Building (Seat of Government), DC Consolidated Forensics Laboratory and the DC National Guard Armory. Threat Management Section - Threat management, threat assessments on District Government Officials, electronic security systems, coordinating and writing emergency response plans for District agencies including the Emergency Evacuation/Relocation Plan for the District Government. Mission Support Section - Administrative Operations and Contract Security Guard Management Leaders Rank structure PSD uses a rank structure that is similar to MPDC. Fallen officers Since 1973, one PSD/PSPD officer has died in the line of duty. Mack Wesley Cantrell died from gunshot wounds sustained during the Hanafi Siege of the District Building (now the John Wilson Building) on March 9, 1977. Gallery See also List of law enforcement agencies in the District of Columbia References External links District of Columbia Protective Services Division (PSD) official page Law enforcement agencies of the District of Columbia Continuity of government in the United States
A puddle is a small accumulation of liquid, usually water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. Puddles are often characterized by murky water or mud due to the disturbance and dissolving of surrounding sediment, primarily due to precipitation. A puddle is generally shallow enough to walk through, and too small to traverse with a boat or raft. Small wildlife may be attracted to puddles. Natural puddles and wildlife Puddles in natural landscapes and habitats, when not resulting from precipitation, can indicate the presence of a seep or spring. Small seasonal riparian plants, grasses, and wildflowers can germinate with the ephemeral "head start" of moisture provided by a puddle. Small wildlife, such as birds and insects, can use puddles as a source of essential moisture or for bathing. Raised constructed puddles, bird baths, are a part of domestic and wildlife gardens as a garden ornament and "micro-habitat" restoration. Swallows use the damp loam which gathers in puddles as a form of cement to help to build their nests. Many butterfly species and some other insects, but particularly male butterflies, need puddles for nutrients they can contain, such as salts and amino acids. In a behaviour known as puddling they seek out the damp mud that can be found around the edge of the puddles. For some smaller forms of life, such as tadpoles or mosquito larvae, a puddle can form an entire habitat. Puddles that do not evaporate quickly can become standing water, which can become polluted by decaying organisms and are often home to breeding mosquitos, which can act as vectors for diseases such as malaria and, of more recent concern in certain areas of the world, West Nile virus. Puddles on roads Puddles commonly form during rain, and can cause problems for transport. Due to the angle of the road, puddles tend to be forced by gravity to gather on the edges of the road. This can cause splashing as cars drive through the puddles, which causes water to be sprayed onto pedestrians on the pavement. Irresponsible drivers may do this deliberately, which, in some countries, can lead to prosecution for careless driving. Puddles commonly form in potholes in a dirt road, or in any other space with a shallow depression and dirt. In such cases, these are sometimes referred to as mud puddles, because mud tends to form in the bottoms, resulting in dirtied wheels or boots when disturbed. In order to deal with puddles, roads and pavements are often built with a camber (technically called 'crowning'), being slightly convex in nature, to force puddles to drain into the gutter, which has storm drain grates to allow the water to drain into the sewers. In addition, some surfaces are made to be porous, allowing the water to drain through the surface to the aquifer below. Physics Due to the action of surface tension, small puddles can also form if a liquid is spilt on a level surface. Puddles like this are common on kitchen floors. Puddles tend to evaporate quickly due to the high surface-area-to-volume ratio. In cold conditions puddles can form patches of ice which are slippery and difficult to see and can be a hazard to road vehicles and pedestrians. Children Puddles are a source of recreation for children, who often like jumping in puddles as an "up-side" to rain. A children's nursery rhyme records the story of Doctor Foster and his encounter with a puddle in Gloucester. Muddy puddles, and the pleasures of splashing mud in them, are a repeated theme in the children's animation Peppa Pig, to the extent of selling character-branded wellington boots. Puddle thinking It has been fashionable for millennia, and continues to be fashionable in some circles, to believe the Universe is designed for humans. Some critics of this view reject it as hubris or anthropocentrism and argue instead that through the process of evolution it is humans that have adapted to or been shaped by the Universe. In his book The Salmon of Doubt, Douglas Adams satirizes the belief that the universe is designed for humans: Imagine a puddle waking up one morning and thinking, 'This is an interesting world I find myself in, an interesting hole I find myself in, fits me rather neatly, doesn't it? In fact, it fits me staggeringly well, must have been made to have me in it!' This is such a powerful idea that as the sun rises in the sky and the air heats up and as, gradually, the puddle gets smaller and smaller, it's still frantically hanging on to the notion that everything's going to be all right, because this World was meant to have him in it, was built to have him in it; so the moment he disappears catches him rather by surprise. In legend Medieval legend spoke of one man who was desperate to find building materials for his house, so he stole cobblestones from the road surface. The remaining hole filled with water and a horseman who later walked through the 'puddle' found himself drowning. A similar legend, of a young boy drowning in a puddle that formed in a pothole in a major street in the early years of Seattle, Washington, is told as part of the Seattle Underground Tour. See also Black ice Puddle (M. C. Escher) Puddling (biology) Pond, a somewhat larger accumulation of liquid on a surface Puddling (engineering) Puddling (metallurgy) Rill Seep (hydrology) Spring (hydrology) References Further reading Adler PH (1982) "Soil and puddle visiting habits of moths" Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 36: 161–173. Allocco, Maria (1999) "Puddle of light" Phys. Teach. 37: 468. McLachlan A and Ladle R (2001) "Life in the puddle: behavioural and life-cycle adaptations in the Diptera of tropical rain pools" Biological Reviews, 76 (3): 377–388. Royston, Angela (2005) Water: Let's Look at a Puddle Heinemann/Raintree. . Weiss, Peter (2004) "Piddly puddle peril: Little water pools foil road friction" Science News, 166(20): 308. Bodies of water Springs (hydrology) Limnology Habitats Bird feeding Ecological restoration Rain
Splatter Up is a T-ball toy released in 1988, designed by WET Design, under the Worlds of Wonder brand. The toy was later manufactured (marketed) by Buddy-L and Wham-O. The toy has been described as a "wet version of baseball" using a garden hose attached to a foot pedal to control the water pressure that funnels the water into a stream to push a wiffle ball up into the air so it can be hit with a plastic bat. In 1989, the Consumer Affairs Committee of Americans for Democratic Action recommended Splatter Up as a "safe and fun toy". References Products introduced in 1988 Sports-themed toys and games 1980s toys 1990s toys 2000s toys Water sports Wham-O brands Worlds of Wonder (toy company) products Ball and bat games Baseball genres

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