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Xenothictis oncodes is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The habitat consists of rainforests.
The wingspan is 24–37 mm. The forewings are grey, sprinkled, suffused and reticulate (net-like pattern) with purple brown. The markings are darker than the strigulation (fine streaks). The hindwings are grey brown, suffused and strigulated with brown.
References
Moths described in 2013
Archipini |
Edebük is a village in the Tercan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 78 in 2021.
References
Villages in Tercan District |
Georgetown is a suburb of New Zealand's southernmost city, Invercargill.
Demographics
Georgetown covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Georgetown had a population of 2,040 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 105 people (5.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 156 people (8.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 828 households. There were 1,008 males and 1,032 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age was 35.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 384 people (18.8%) aged under 15 years, 489 (24.0%) aged 15 to 29, 900 (44.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 267 (13.1%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 80.7% European/Pākehā, 22.4% Māori, 6.6% Pacific peoples, 6.8% Asian, and 1.6% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).
The proportion of people born overseas was 14.0%, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people objected to giving their religion, 52.6% had no religion, 34.0% were Christian, 0.6% were Hindu, 0.9% were Muslim, 0.4% were Buddhist and 3.5% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 198 (12.0%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 456 (27.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 117 people (7.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 786 (47.5%) people were employed full-time, 258 (15.6%) were part-time, and 75 (4.5%) were unemployed.
Education
Southland Girls' High School is a single-sex state school for years 7 to 13 with a roll of students as of The school was founded in 1879. From the 1880s to 1907 it shared a site with Southland Boys' High School and senior girls attended some classes at the boys' school. It moved to the current site in 1947.
References
Suburbs of Invercargill |
Ashby Creek is a tributary of Doctors Creek in Upper Freehold Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey, in the United States. It runs for from the area near Wrightsville and empties into Doctors Creek southeast of Allentown.
Course
From its mouth near Wrightsville within Upper Freehold Township, the creek briefly heads west through farmland, then south into a wooded area where it crosses under Interstate 195 (I-195) west of its interchange 11. The creek is impounded forming an unnamed lake before continuing west through woods and farmland staying just to the south of I-195. It passes under the Union Transportation Trail (formerly the Pemberton and Hightstown Railroad) and Sharon Station Road. Continuing to wind towards the west through farmland, it is again impounded within an unnamed lake between a farm and small residences. Downstream of this dam, the creek passes under Allentown-Lakewood Road (County Route 526) then continuing southwest through woods situated between two housing developments. Ashby Creek flows into Doctors Creek about southeast of downtown Allentown.
Name
The creek had been known as Negro Run or a variation of that since the 1700s. The name may have been intended to honor fugitive slaves who passed through the area on the Underground Railroad. It was also known as Nigger Run by the 1800s. It was noted as Nigger Run on the Allentown United States Geological Survey topographic map by 1948, but had been officially renamed to Negro Run in 1957, around the time other similarly offensive names were changed by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN).
In the 1990s, a local resident submitted several proposals to change the name of Negro Run to Martin Luther King Jr. Creek or Freedom Creek. The change were opposed by local residents and governments, wanting to keep the more historical name. Historic research found that George Ashby (1844–1946), a black farmer who had served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, lived and worked near the creek. Ashby was also New Jersey's last surviving Civil War veteran. Following the creation of a park in Allentown in 2016, a local resident launched an online petition drive to rename the creek for Ashby. Though some opposition still existed from local historic societies and the Upper Freehold Township council, the BGN Domestic Naming Committee at their November 2018 meeting voted 11–1 to rename the creek to Ashby Creek.
See also
List of rivers of New Jersey
References
Tributaries of the Delaware River
Rivers of Monmouth County, New Jersey
Rivers of New Jersey
Upper Freehold Township, New Jersey |
Rubén Ariel Olivera da Rosa (born 4 May 1983 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a midfielder, and current coach.
A versatile player, he is capable of playing anywhere in midfield and throughout his career he has been deployed as a left or right winger, as a central midfielder, as an attacking midfielder, and even as a forward.
Playing career
Olivera began his career in Danubio, in 2001, and was later signed by Juventus F.C. in 2002. He made his Serie A debut in 2–1 win to A.S. Roma, on 19 April 2003, as Juventus won the title that season, under manager Marcello Lippi.
He was loaned to Atlético Madrid during the second half of the 2003–04 season, after he did not make any appearances for the club. He returned from his loan in 2004, but was also used scarcely under manager Fabio Capello, in particular during the 2005–06 season. In 2007, while playing for Sampdoria on loan, he was banned for 5 matches for punching an opponent in the ribs, and also for kicking him in the groin.
Following his time on loan with Sampdoria, Olivera returned to Juventus in 2007, although he was loaned out again to Urugyan side Peñarol in 2008. In 2008, he signed permanently with Genoa on a year contract. For the 2009–10 season, he went back to Uruguay on loan with Peñarol. On 1 July 2010, he returned to Italy, signing a 3-year contract with Lecce.
In 2012, he was signed by Fiorentina, and he remained at the club for a season and a half.
On 30 January 2014, Olivera joined Serie B side Brescia on an 18-month deal.
In January 2015 he moved to Latina. He played 3 games and scored a goal for the team before an injury put an end to his season in April 2015. In 2015-16 he scored 5 goals in 33 appearances in Serie B. Olivera then joined Liga de Quito on 1 January 2017. However, he returned to Latina in Italy in September 2017 who now was playing in Serie D. In February 2018, he was also appointed technical director of Latina. He left Latina in the summer 2018 and said to the medias, that his career was over. However, his former Latina teammate, Daniele Corvia, convinced him to join fellow league club, Aprilia Racing, which he also did on 16 July 2018.
In December 2019, 36-year old Olivera joined Ostiamare. He moved back to Aprilia in June 2020, but announced his retirement in May 2021 after being diagnosed with a heart condition.
International career
Olivera made 18 appearances for Uruguay between 2001 and 2005, and he represented his country at the 2001 Copa América under manager Daniel Passarella, as Uruguay were eliminated in the semi-finals, finishing the tournament in fourth place.
Coaching career
On 3 June 2022, Racing Aprilia announced to have hired Olivera as their new head coach. He was however sacked just two months later, on 19 August, a few weeks before the start of the 2022–23 Serie D season.
Honours
Juventus
Serie A (1): 2002–03
Italian Super Cup (1): 2003
References
External links
Ruben Olivera profile with statistics and timeline
Ruben Olivera profile – myjuve.it
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Montevideo
Uruguayan men's footballers
Uruguayan football managers
Uruguay men's international footballers
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Danubio F.C. players
Peñarol players
Juventus FC players
Atlético Madrid footballers
UC Sampdoria players
Genoa CFC players
US Lecce players
ACF Fiorentina players
Brescia Calcio players
Latina Calcio 1932 players
AS Ostia Mare Lido Calcio players
FC Aprilia Racing Club players
L.D.U. Quito footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie D players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
La Liga players
Uruguayan Primera División players
2001 Copa América players
Men's association football midfielders
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador |
Agustina De Giovanni (born July 16, 1985) is an Argentine former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. She is a twelve-time Argentine champion and two-time record holder in the breaststroke (both 100 and 200 m): records in her possession for 15 years. She also holds a South American record of 2:26.17 in the 200 m breaststroke at the 2010 Jose Finkel Trophy Meet in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. De Giovanni won the World Cup in Belo Horizonte 2005 in the 200 m breaststroke and bronze in the 100m breaststroke.
De Giovanni was the captain of her National Team when she competed for Argentina.
Olympic Career
De Giovanni's Olympic debut came as Argentina's youngest swimmer (aged 19) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, swimming in the 200 m breaststroke. She represented Argentina at the Pan American Games in 2 events: 2003 in Santo Domingo and 2007 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the 100 and 200 breaststroke.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, de Giovanni qualified again for the women's 200 m breaststroke by breaking a new Argentine record with a time of 2:31.15 from the Ohio State Post-NCAA Long Course Invite in Columbus, Ohio.
The University of Alabama, USA
De Giovanni is also a former member of the swimming team for Alabama Crimson Tide where she was the MVP of the white and crimson team for 3 years in a row. She also held the school record in more than one event, (100 - 200 Breastroke - 400 Individual Medley - 1650 Free - 500 Free - 4 x 100 Individual Medley Relay). Agustina is an All - American student athlete, graduating in International Relations, part of the SEC Honor Roll 4 years in a row and she is a Hall of Fame Member for the University of Alabama Swimming and Diving.
On the upcoming years after her graduation, De Giovanni got an MBA at Austral University and Master Program on Mental Performance Training for Elite Athletes. Currently, has worked as a Mental Performance Coach with professional athletes and teams all over the world.
TV Hosting
As part of her multi- faceted career, Agustina worked as a TV Host and commentator for different TV signals in Argentina - South America from 2014 until 2020. Her most remarkable work was on ESPN for the Olympic Games, swimming tournaments and soccer events. She has also hosted the news on IP Investigacion Periodistica and Telefe Santa Fe, as well had a column on Gol Inclusive, a radio show broadcast on Club 947.
References
External links
ADG Coach website
1985 births
Living people
Argentine female breaststroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Argentina
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Argentina
Alabama Crimson Tide women's swimmers
South American Games gold medalists for Argentina
South American Games silver medalists for Argentina
South American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
South American Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 2010 South American Games
Sportspeople from Santa Fe Province |
Eric Drew is one of the first adults in the US to survive a double cord blood stem cells transplant for "terminal leukemia". Drew is noted for having his identity stolen during his treatment. While undergoing treatment for a rare and virulent leukemia, his identity was stolen by a medical worker called Richard Gibson. Drew fought and became the first person to force a federal criminal conviction under the Health Information Privacy (HIPAA) laws. Gibson was sentenced to 16 months in prison and had to pay $15,000 in restitution. Drew has now dedicated his life to helping patients with all types of serious and terminal diseases, and has become a spokesperson for the non-controversial cord blood stem cells that saved his life.
Drew founded in 2003 the Eric Drew Foundation, a non-profit organization that promotes advocacy for terminally ill patients.
Dateline NBC presented a segment called "Fighting cancer... and an ID thief " on Eric Drew's story on December 25, 2005.
See also
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Identity Theft
References
External links
Eric Drew Foundation
Eric Drew produces "Eric Drew Reports," a video blog on identity theft issues.
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from San Jose, California
American victims of crime
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Girl Who Loved a Soldier was an Australian stage play written by Wilton Welch. It has been credited as the first Australian play to be set in a city.
History
Welch put the finishing touches to the play while he was engaged at the Adelphi Theatre, Sydney, playing the part of "Snoozle" in The Bad Girl of the Family.
It opened at the Adelphi on 27 July 1912 for George Marlow Ltd. and ran for three weeks; its last night was 16 August.
It was performed by Marlow's company in Melbourne the following year, opening at the Princess Theatre on 12 July 1913 to good reviews and closed on 25 July.
The play
Plot
Wilfred Grant, the villain of the piece, is a wealthy stockbroker who seeks to marry Violet Donald, who finds him repulsive. In order to achieve his ends he falsifies her father's stock records to make him appear insolvent, but promises Violet he would assist him if she would marry him. She accedes for love of her father, but in a farcical scene is foiled by the Boy Scout, who disguises himself as the bride-to-be.
Richard Scott, the hero, is a gentleman in love with Violet, but could not propose because he has lost all his money through gambling and generosity, and to support himself has joined the army.
He designs a submarine, which is likely to make his fortune and so enable him to marry Violet. Grant, in an attempt to be rid of his rival, plants a bomb in the submarine, destroying it but Scott is unharmed, and gains the support of Colonel Anstruther. Grant is exposed as a fraud and saboteur, and is sentenced to imprisonment in Darlinghurst Gaol, from which he subsequently escapes. He is caught, however, and the troubles of the hero and heroine are over.
Programme
ACT I.
Scene 1— The Grange, Darling Point, Sydney. Scene 2— The Main Gate, Victoria Barracks, Paddington. Scene 3— Wilfred Grant's Flat, Macquarie-street
ACT II.
Scene 1 — The Drawingroom, The Grange. Scene 2 — Queen's-square, Sydney, Scene 3— The Main Gate, Victoria Barracks. Scene 4— St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney.
ACT III.
Scene 1— The Barracks Square, Victoria Barracks. Scene 2— Man o' War Steps, Farm Cove, Sydney. Scene 3— Submarine Headquarters, Chowder Bay. Scene 4— The Great Scenic Tableau. Under Sydney Harbor. The Wrecked Submarine.
ACT IV.
Scene 1— The Exercise Yard, Darlinghurst Gaol. Scene 2— The Outside of Darlinghurst Gaol. Scene 3— A Street near the Gaol. Scene 4 — The Grange, Darling Point.
Cast
Sydney:
Richard Scott (the soldier): Hugh Buckler
Violet Donald (the girl): Violet Paget
Angas Donald (retired squatter): John Dunce
Colonel Anstruther: Charles Lawrence
Wilfred Grant: (the villain) Godfrey Cass
Shadder Bloggs: (rabbit vendor) D'Arcy Kelway
Olga Lazaroff: (a foreign spy) Jennie Pollock
Isaac Rubenstein: Frank Reis
Toby Trackem (Boy Scout): Wilton Welch
Lily Lovell (Girl Guide): Elwyn Harvey
Melbourne:
Richard Scott (the soldier): George Cross
Violet Donald (the girl): Essie Clay
Colonel Anstruther: Wernham Ryott
Wilfred Grant: T. W. Lloyd
Shadder Bloggs: Marcus St John
Olga Lazaroff: Agnes Keogh
Isaac Rubinstein: Frank Reis
Toby Trackem (Boy Scout): Frank Crossley
Lily Lovell (Girl Guide): Florence Gleeson
Reviews
Reviewers found the play a typical melodrama that breaks no new ground, but enjoyable nonetheless; with the usual thrills and unlikely situations, a dash of humor and a satisfying conclusion. The play was well performed to good houses.
Another reviewer poked gentle fun at the incongruities, absurdities and ridiculous situations, giving warm praise to several actors, and greatest recommendation to the scene paintings by A. and G. Clint and J. S. Mann, in an era when stage scenery was an important art form.
References
Australian plays
Melodramas
1912 plays |
Kudarikoti Annadanayya Swami (1935 – 14 February 2023) was an Indian judge who served as Chief Justice of Madras High Court from 1993 to 1997 and also was Judge of Karnataka High Court.
Personal life and career
Swami was born on 20 March 1935. He was appointed to Judge of Karnataka High Court in 1980 and also was Acting Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court from 1992 to 1993 and then became Chief Justice of Madras High Court on 1 July 1993. Swami died on 14 February 2023, at the age of 87.
References
1935 births
2023 deaths
Indian judges |
The Thunder Bay Beavers were a Canadian Junior ice hockey club from Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Canadians were members of the Thunder Bay Junior A Hockey League and were 1972 National Centennial Cup quarter-finalists, losing to the eventual winner Guelph CMC's.
History
In 1971, American investors were brought into the Thunder Bay Junior A Hockey League. The result was an expanded league and changing the league's name to the Thunder Bay-Minnesota League. The new teams were the Minnesota Jr. Stars and the St. Paul, MN-sponsored Thunder Bay Vulcans. The name "Vulcans" came from an organization in the St. Paul area, but the team played in Ontario.
In their first season, the Vulcans proved to be an instant powerhouse. With an undefeated 21-0-1 record in the TBMJHL regular season, the Vulcans also posted an overall record of 33-2-3 with combined regular season record and exhibition schedule versus the local NCAA loop (including the Lakehead Nor'Westers) and the semi-pro United States Hockey League. The Vulcans easily won the league title and moved on to the 1972 Centennial Cup National playdowns. In the first round they drew the Central Junior A Hockey League champion Smiths Falls Bears. The Vulcans masterfully defeated the Bears 4-games-to-1 and outscored them 36–19, including a 15-4 blowout win to clinch the series. In the National quarter-final, the Vulcans drew the Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League's Guelph CMC's. Guelph edged out a pair of 5-4 victories to open the series. Game three was a 7–3 win for the Vulcans, and Game four was won 7–0. The CMC's rebounded in Game five with a 6–2 to take a 3–2 series lead. In Game six, the Vulcans defaulted the game only 1:42 into the first period. The coach of the Vulcans was unhappy about a series of calls the referee made and pulled the Vulcans off of the ice in front of 4,200 Guelph fans. The ref awarded the game to Guelph when it became clear that the Vulcans would not return. Guelph went on to easily win the Centennial Cup, leaving the boys on the Vulcans, who were far from down and out, wondering what could have been.
In 1972, the TBJHL was renamed the Can-Am Junior Hockey League. Only the Vulcans, Jr. Stars and the Westfort Hurricanes went on with the league. The remaining teams dropped to Thunder Bay Jr. B. The Vulcans were sold by their St. Paul investors during the season and changed their names to the Thunder Bay Centennials. The newly renamed St. Paul Jr. Stars, later to be called St. Paul Vulcans, went on to win the league and compete in the 1973 Centennial Cup playdowns. The Centennials made it clear at the end of the season that they would not play another year in the increasingly American league. The Thunder Bay Junior A League was resurrected in 1973 and the team took on the traditional name Thunder Bay Beavers after the Fort William Beavers of senior hockey fame. The St. Paul Vulcans went on to form a new league called the Midwest Junior Hockey League. The later merger between the MWJHL and the USHL would revolutionize American junior hockey.
In 1978 the Beavers and all other Thunder Bay-area teams were forced to downsize and most of them ceased to exist. The last known season of the Beavers ended in 1978.
Season-by-Season Standings
Playoffs
1972 Won League, lost Dudley Hewitt Cup semi-final
Thunder Bay Vulcans defeated Minnesota Jr. Stars 4-games-to-none TBMJHL CHAMPIONS
Thunder Bay Vulcans defeated Smiths Falls Bears (CJHL) 4-games-to-1
Guelph CMC's (SOJHL) defeated Thunder Bay Vulcans 4-games-to-2
1973 Lost final/TBAHA Jack Adams Trophy final
Thunder Bay Centennials defeated Westfort Hurricanes 4-games-to-2
Thunder Bay Centennials defeated Fort William Canadians (TBJHL) 2-games-to-none
St. Paul Jr. Stars defeated Thunder Bay Centennials 4-games-to-none
1974 Lost TBJHL final/Lost TBAHA semi-final
Fort William Canadians defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 3-games-to-2
1975 Lost semi-final
Thunder Bay Hurricanes defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 4-games-to-2
1976 Lost final
Thunder Bay Beavers defeated Thunder Bay Hurricanes 4-games-to-2
Thunder Bay Eagles defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 4-games-to-none
1977 Lost semi-final
Degagne Hurricanes defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 3-games-to-none and 1 tie
1978 Lost semi-final
Degagne Hurricanes defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 3-games-to-none
Championships
TBJHL Champions:
1972
Notable alumni
Danny Gruen
References
Sport in Thunder Bay |
Sierra de Santa Cruz is a mountain range in the Campo de Daroca comarca, Aragon, Spain. It is located north of the Laguna de Gallocanta.
Geography
The ridge is aligned in a NW-SE direction. Its highest point is Cerro de Santa Cruz (1,423 m). The Ermita de Santa Cruz shrine is located in the range.
This mountain chain rises west of Daroca and stretches through the municipal terms of Balconchán, Atea, Orcajo, Cubel, Valdehorna, Val de San Martín and Santed.
Ecology
The plant Centaurea pinnata is an endangered species present in this mountain range.
See also
Mountains of Aragon
Campo de Daroca
References
External links
CAI Aragon - Sierra de de Santa Cruz
Hiking in Sierra de Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz
Mountain ranges of Aragon |
Submarine Squadron 14 (SUBRON 14), was a United States Navy submarine squadron.
History
During World War II, served as tender and staff headquarters for Submarine Squadron 14's staff and Division Staff in Pearl Harbor from July to September 1943.
Postwar it consisted of Polaris and later Poseidon Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarines based at Holy Loch, Scotland. Commissioned 1 July 1958, the Squadron arrived at FBM Refit Site 1, Holy Loch on 3 March 1961 and departed in June 1992.
The squadron was part of Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. The squadron also included a series of submarine tenders anchored out in the Loch, initially , tugs, barges, small boats, and the floating drydock .
The site was a deep, sheltered anchorage which had been a British submarine base during the Second World War with the Submarine Depot Ship serving as a support unit for submarines training in the Clyde.
From the latter half of 1978 until November 1991 was forward deployed at Site One in Holy Loch. On 9 November 1991, Will Rogers departed Site One, the last submarine to leave Holy Loch before Submarine Squadron 14 was deactivated.
FBM submarine tenders assigned to SUBRON 14
—(March 1961 – March 1963)
—(March 1963 – July 1966) (January 1982 – June 1987)
—(July 1966 – May 1970) (June 1987 – June 1992)
—(May 1970 – November 1975)
—(November 1975 – January 1982)
Tugs assigned to SUBRON 14
Service craft assigned to SUBRON 14
(Dry Dock)
YFNB-31—Living/Working Barge: Boat Operations Department
YFNB-42—Living/Working Barge: Tech Rep Offices and Submarine Crew Temporary Berthing
YD-245—Floating barge Crane
Small boats
There was also a large number of small boats used to transport personnel and supplies from the shore to the ship. Among these small boats were Utility Boats, LCM Mk6 and Mk8 landing craft, some with the holds roofed over for personnel transport, and a officers motorboat. The ships' divers had a LCM Mk6 modified as a dive boat. There was also a boat known as the "Box L" of uncertain heritage.
Polaris military tartan
The idea for the Polaris Military Tartan came from Captain Walter F Schlech while he was Commodore of SUBRON 14 in the early 1960s. The design of the tartan was done by Alexander MacIntyre of Strone. The tartan is the same as the Black Watch tartan with the addition of a yellow - black - sky blue - black - yellow overcheck of four threads each. The yellow and sky blue lines are said to represent the alternating blue and gold crews of the FBM submarines. The tartan is worn by the members of the United States Naval Academy Pipes and Drums.
References
Submarine squadrons of the United States Navy
Military units and formations established in 1958
1958 establishments in the United States |
The Calhoun Street Toll Supported Bridge (also known as the Trenton City Bridge) is a historic bridge connecting Calhoun Street in Trenton, New Jersey across the Delaware River to East Trenton Avenue in Morrisville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was constructed by the Phoenix Bridge Company of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, in 1884. The bridge was part of the Lincoln Highway until 1920 (when the highway was moved to the free Lower Trenton Bridge), and was later connected to Brunswick Circle by the Calhoun Street Extension as part of a bypass of downtown Trenton. Before 1940, trolleys of the Trenton-Princeton Traction Company, utilized this bridge to cross into Pennsylvania. The bridge is owned by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission, and is maintained with tolls from other bridges.
On May 24, 2010, the bridge completely closed to vehicular and pedestrian traffic to undergo much-needed renovations including truss repair and repainting, deck replacement, and repair of approaches. The rehabilitation project was completed October 8, 2010, and the bridge was rededicated in a ceremony on October 12.
The bridge helps connect segments of the East Coast Greenway, a trail system connecting Maine to Florida.
Restrictions
Currently, the bridge is limited to at with a clearance of .
See also
List of crossings of the Delaware River
National Register of Historic Places listings in Mercer County, New Jersey
References
External links
Bridge Maker's Signs or Plates - Calhoun Street Bridge
, includes the Calhoun Street Bridge
1884 establishments in New Jersey
1884 establishments in Pennsylvania
Bridges over the Delaware River
Bridges completed in 1884
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Bridges in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bridges in Mercer County, New Jersey
Buildings and structures in Trenton, New Jersey
Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission
Lincoln Highway
National Register of Historic Places in Trenton, New Jersey
Historic American Engineering Record in New Jersey
Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
Former toll bridges in New Jersey
Former toll bridges in Pennsylvania
Pratt truss bridges in the United States
Metal bridges in the United States
Interstate vehicle bridges in the United States |
Treetop Flyers are an English folk rock band based in London, England. They won the Glastonbury Festival Emerging Talent Competition 2011. and released their debut album The Mountain Moves on Loose on 29 April 2013 and on Partisan Records in the US on 25 June 2013.
Discography
Albums
The Mountain Moves (2013)
Palomino (2016)
Treetop Flyers (2018)
Old Habits (2021)
Singles
"To Bury The Past" (2009)
"It's About Time" (2011)
"Castlewood Road" (2021)
References
External links
Official website
Label artist page - Loose Music
English folk musical groups
British folk rock groups
2009 establishments in England
Musical groups established in 2009
Musical groups from London
Loose Music artists
Partisan Records artists |
The 50th Bodil Awards ceremony was held in 1997 in Copenhagen, Denmark, honouring the best national and foreign films of 1996. Lars von Trier's Breaking the Waves won the award for Best Danish Film and Emily Watson and Katrin Cartlidge won the awards for best leading and supporting actresses. Max von Sydow for his role in Hamsun and Zlatko Buric won the award for best supporting actor for his role in Pusher. Bodil Kjær, one of the two film people named Bodil for whom the statuette is named, the other being Bodil Ipsen, received a Bodil Honorary Award, bringing her total number of Bodil wins up to four.
Winners
Bodil Honorary Award
Bodil Kjær
See also
Robert Awards
References
External links
Official website
1996 film awards
1997 in Denmark
Bodil Awards ceremonies
1990s in Copenhagen |
Admiral Lindsay may refer to:
David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose (1440–1495), Lord High Admiral of Scotland
David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford (c. 1360 – 1407), Lord High Admiral of Scotland
John Lindsay (Royal Navy officer) (1737–1788), British Royal Navy rear admiral
See also
Yancy Lindsey (born 1962), U.S. Navy vice admiral |
```smalltalk
// Based on path_to_url
using SharpDX;
using SharpDX.Direct3D11;
using SharpDX.DXGI;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using Device = SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device;
using MapFlags = SharpDX.Direct3D11.MapFlags;
namespace Aurora
{
public class DesktopDuplicator : IDisposable
{
#region Fields
private readonly Device _device;
private readonly OutputDuplication _deskDupl;
private readonly Texture2D _desktopImageTexture;
private Rectangle _rect;
#endregion
public DesktopDuplicator(Adapter1 adapter, Output1 output, Rectangle Rect)
{
Global.logger.Info("Starting desktop duplicator");
_rect = Rect;
_device = new Device(adapter);
var textureDesc = new Texture2DDescription
{
CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.Read,
BindFlags = BindFlags.None,
Format = Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm,
Width = _rect.Width,
Height = _rect.Height,
OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None,
MipLevels = 1,
ArraySize = 1,
SampleDescription = { Count = 1, Quality = 0 },
Usage = ResourceUsage.Staging
};
_deskDupl = output.DuplicateOutput(_device);
_desktopImageTexture = new Texture2D(_device, textureDesc);
}
public Bitmap Capture(int timeout)
{
SharpDX.DXGI.Resource desktopResource;
if (_deskDupl.IsDisposed || _device.IsDisposed)
return null;
try {
_deskDupl.AcquireNextFrame(timeout, out OutputDuplicateFrameInformation _frameInfo, out desktopResource);
}
catch (SharpDXException e) when (e.Descriptor == SharpDX.DXGI.ResultCode.WaitTimeout)
{
Global.logger.Debug(String.Format("Timeout of {0}ms exceeded while acquiring next frame", timeout));
return null;
}
catch (SharpDXException e) when (e.Descriptor == SharpDX.DXGI.ResultCode.AccessLost)
{
// Can happen when going fullscreen / exiting fullscreen
Global.logger.Warn(e.Message);
throw e;
}
catch (SharpDXException e) when (e.Descriptor == SharpDX.DXGI.ResultCode.AccessDenied)
{
// Happens when locking PC
Global.logger.Debug(e.Message);
throw e;
}
catch (SharpDXException e) when (e.ResultCode.Failure)
{
Global.logger.Warn(e.Message);
return null;
}
using (desktopResource) {
using (var tempTexture = desktopResource.QueryInterface<Texture2D>())
_device.ImmediateContext.CopyResource(tempTexture, _desktopImageTexture);
}
bool disposed = ReleaseFrame();
if (disposed)
return null;
var mapSource = _device.ImmediateContext.MapSubresource(_desktopImageTexture, 0, MapMode.Read, MapFlags.None);
try
{
return ProcessFrame(mapSource.DataPointer, mapSource.RowPitch);
}
finally
{
if (!_device.IsDisposed && !_device.ImmediateContext.IsDisposed && !_desktopImageTexture.IsDisposed)
{
_device.ImmediateContext.UnmapSubresource(_desktopImageTexture, 0);
}
}
}
Bitmap ProcessFrame(IntPtr SourcePtr, int SourceRowPitch)
{
var frame = new Bitmap(_rect.Width, _rect.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb);
// Copy pixels from screen capture Texture to GDI bitmap
var mapDest = frame.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, _rect.Width, _rect.Height), ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, frame.PixelFormat);
for (int y = 0, sizeInBytesToCopy = _rect.Width * 4; y < _rect.Height; y++)
{
Utilities.CopyMemory(mapDest.Scan0 + y * mapDest.Stride, SourcePtr + y * SourceRowPitch, sizeInBytesToCopy);
}
// Release source and dest locks
frame.UnlockBits(mapDest);
return frame;
}
bool ReleaseFrame()
{
try
{
_deskDupl?.ReleaseFrame();
return _deskDupl.IsDisposed;
}
catch (SharpDXException e)
{
if (e.ResultCode.Failure)
{
Global.logger.Warn(e.Message);
}
return true;
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
try
{
_deskDupl?.Dispose();
_desktopImageTexture?.Dispose();
_device?.Dispose();
}
catch { }
}
}
}
``` |
Emma Kerr-Carpenter is an American politician serving as a member of the Montana House of Representatives from the 49th district. She was appointed to the House on July 10, 2018, succeeding Kelly McCarthy.
Early life and education
Kerr-Carpenter was born in Watertown, New York. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in international relations and religion from Boston University.
Career
After graduating from college, Kerr-Carpenter taught English in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. She then relocated to Billings, Montana, where she became a family support specialist for the Family Support Network. She joined Youth Dynamics of Montana in 2015 as a youth case manager and has since worked as the organization's marketing and education coordinator. In 2018, when incumbent representative Kelly McCarthy announced that he was moving to Australia, Kerr-Carpenter was appointed to fill his vacant seat in the Montana House of Representatives. She won a full term in November 2018 and was re-elected in 2020.
Personal life
Kerr-Carpenter lives in Billings, Montana with her husband, Dan.
References
People from Watertown, New York
Boston University alumni
Women state legislators in Montana
Democratic Party members of the Montana House of Representatives
Politicians from Billings, Montana
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Lea County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, its population was 74,455.
Its county seat is Lovington. It is both west and north of the Texas state line. Lea County comprises the Hobbs, NM micropolitan statistical area.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (0.07%) are covered by water. Lea County is located in the southeast corner of New Mexico and borders Texas to the south and east.
The Permian Basin, wide and long, underlies Lea County and adjacent Eddy County, as well as a large portion of West Texas. It produces 500,000 barrels of crude a day, and this number was expected to double in 2019. The shale in this basin lies below the surface, below a salt bed and a groundwater aquifer.
Adjacent counties
Roosevelt County – north
Chaves County – northwest
Eddy County – west
Loving County, Texas – south
Winkler County, Texas – southeast
Andrews County, Texas – east
Gaines County, Texas – east
Yoakum County, Texas – east
Cochran County, Texas – northeast
Demographics
2000 census
As of the 2000 census, 55,511 people, 19,699 households, and 14,715 families were living in the county. The population density was . The 23,405 housing units averaged . The racial makeup of the county was 67.13% White, 4.37% African American, 0.99% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 23.85% from other races, and 3.27% from two or more races. About 39.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 19,699 households, 39.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, 12.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.30% were not families. About 22.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73, and the average family size was 3.20.
In the county, the age distribution was 30.10% under 18, 10.10% from 18 to 24, 27.30% from 25 to 44, 20.30% from 45 to 64, and 12.20% who were 65 years older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 100.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.00 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $29,799, and for a family was $34,665. Males had a median income of $32,005 versus $20,922 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,184. About 17.30% of families and 21.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.00% of those under age 18 and 14.90% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census
As of the 2010 census, 64,727 people, 22,236 households, and 16,260 families were living in the county. The population density was . The 24,919 housing units averaged . The racial makeup of the county was 75.0% White, 4.1% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.6% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 51.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 9.3% were German, 7.6% were Irish, 7.2% were English, and 6.3% were American.
Of the 22,236 households, 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 26.9% were not families, and 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.30. The median age was 31.9 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $43,910 and for a family was $48,980. Males had a median income of $44,714 versus $25,847 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,637. About 15.2% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
Airports
These public-use airports are located in the county:
Lea County Regional Airport (HOB) – Hobbs
Lea County-Jal Airport (E26) – Jal
Lea County-Zip Franklin Memorial Airport (E06) – Lovington
Tatum Airport (18T) – Tatum
Politics
Lea County, like most of the High Plains, eastern New Mexico and west-central Texas, is Republican. It has repeatedly claimed the status of the most Republican county in New Mexico in Presidential elections. In the 2004 Presidential election, Lea County was the top New Mexico county, as far as percentage, for Republican George W. Bush. He beat John Kerry 79%-20%. In 2008, the Republican candidate John McCain beat Democratic candidate Barack Obama by a wide but slightly smaller margin, 72% to 27%. In 2020, Donald Trump won over 79% of the county's vote, while Joe Biden only received 19%, the worst showing for a Democrat in the county's history. It was Trump's strongest county in New Mexico in the 2020 election. No Democrat has received more than 30% of the county's vote since Bill Clinton in 1996.
However, Lea County was a Democratic stronghold prior to 1968, voting Republican only once in Herbert Hoover's 1928 landslide.
Communities
Cities
Eunice
Hobbs
Jal
Lovington
Town
Tatum
Census-designated places
Monument
Nadine
North Hobbs
Other unincorporated communities
Bennett
Caprock
Crossroads
Knowles
Maljamar
McDonald
Education
School districts include:
Eunice Municipal Schools
Hobbs Municipal Schools
Jal Public Schools
Lovington Public Schools
Tatum Municipal Schools
Notable people
Roy Cooper. Rodeo cowboy
Kathy Whitworth, professional golfer
Brian Urlacher, Chicago Bears football linebacker (2000–2012)
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lea County, New Mexico
References
1917 establishments in New Mexico
Populated places established in 1917 |
The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. The Italian front is considered a separate but related theatre. The Western Front's 1944–1945 phase was officially deemed the European Theater by the United States, whereas Italy fell under the Mediterranean Theater along with North Africa. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. The first phase saw the capitulation of Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed with the Battle of Britain. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive strategic air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945.
1939–1940: Axis victories
On 1 September 1939, World War II began with the German invasion of Poland. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. The next few months in the war were marked by the Phoney War.
Phoney War
The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. This was also the period in which the United Kingdom and France did not supply significant aid to Poland, despite their pledged alliance.
The French forces launched a small offensive, the Saar Offensive against Germany in the Saar region but halted their advance and returned. While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. At the Maginot Line on the other side of the border, French troops stood facing them, whilst the British Expeditionary Force and other elements of the French Army created a defensive line along the Belgian border. There were only some local, minor skirmishes. The British Royal Air Force dropped propaganda leaflets on Germany and the first Canadian troops stepped ashore in Britain, while Western Europe was in a strange calm for seven months.
In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production. The non-belligerent United States contributed to the Western Allies by discounted sales of military equipment and supplies. German efforts to interdict the Allies' trans-Atlantic trade at sea ignited the Battle of the Atlantic.
Operation Weserübung
While the Western Front remained quiet in April 1940, the fighting between the Allies and the Germans began in earnest with the Norwegian Campaign when the Germans launched Operation Weserübung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. However, when the Allies made a counter-landing in Norway following the German invasion, the Germans repulsed them and defeated the Norwegian armed forces, driving the latter into exile. The Kriegsmarine, nonetheless, suffered very heavy losses during the two months of fighting required to seize all of mainland Norway.
Battles for Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium and France
In May 1940, the Germans launched the Battle of France. The Western Allies (primarily the French, Belgian and British land forces) soon collapsed under the onslaught of the so-called "blitzkrieg" strategy. Following the German breakthrough at Sedan, the BEF, along with the best of the French and Belgian armies became trapped in Flanders. With the use of paratroopers and concentrated firepower, the Belgian and Dutch armies surrendered after several days. Luxembourg fell within the first day.
The majority of the British and elements of the French forces escaped at Dunkirk. This was due to the combined factors of poor weather, Germans mishaps, and the incredible number of British civilian ships assembled for the undertaking. Following the conclusion of events at Dunkirk on June 4, the Wehrmacht commenced Fall Rot, an offensive against the remaining French armies. With most of the French armies either destroyed or taken prisoner, the Germans quickly broke through the French lines, taking Paris on June 14. As France was falling, the British began the strategic withdrawal of all remaining British troops from France, via French ports still under Allied control.
With the war all but decided, Italy also declared war on the UK and France, but made little progress. With the situation becoming dire, French Prime Minister Philippe Pétain signed the Second Armistice of Compiègne on June 22, 1940, with its terms taking effect on the 25th of June. The terms of the armistice called for the occupation of Northern France, along with the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine into the German Reich. Italy also was allowed a small occupation zone in the southeast. France was allowed to continue its existence in the form of Vichy France, a rump state of the former French Republic, led by Philippe Pétain. the Vichy regime was allowed to keep their colonial empire and navy fleet, as some of Hitler's few concessions.
In six weeks of fighting, the combined allied armies suffered more than 375,000 killed or wounded, as well as 1,800,000 soldiers becoming prisoners of war. Meanwhile, Germany suffered a more modest 43,110 killed and 111,000 wounded. Hitler had expected a million men to die in the conquest of France. Remarkedly low casualties and France's quick defeat led to a massive rise in morale among the German people. With the fighting ended, the Germans began to consider ways of resolving the question of how to deal with Britain. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. However, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, had suffered serious losses in Norway, and in order to even consider an amphibious landing, Germany's Air Force (the Luftwaffe) had to first gain air superiority or air supremacy.
1941–1944: Interlude
With the Luftwaffe unable to defeat the RAF in the Battle of Britain, the invasion of Great Britain could no longer be thought of as an option. While the majority of the German army was mustered for the invasion of the Soviet Union, construction began on the Atlantic Wall – a series of defensive fortifications along the French coast of the English Channel. These were built in anticipation of an Allied invasion of France.
Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, the Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast. On 19 August 1942, the Allies began the Dieppe Raid, an attack on Dieppe, France. Most of the troops were Canadian, with some British contingents and a small American and Free French presence along with British and Polish naval support. The raid was a disaster, almost two-thirds of the attacking force became casualties. However, much was learned as a result of the operation – these lessons would be put to good use in the subsequent invasion.
For almost two years, there was no land-fighting on the Western Front with the exception of commando raids and the guerrilla actions of the resistance aided by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Office of Strategic Services (OSS). However, in the meantime, the Allies took the war to Germany, with a strategic bombing campaign the US Eighth Air Force bombing Germany by day and RAF Bomber Command bombing by night. The bulk of the Allied armies were occupied in the Mediterranean, seeking to clear the sea lanes to the Indian Ocean and capture the Foggia Airfield Complex.
Two early British raids for which battle honours were awarded were Operation Collar in Boulogne (24 June 1940) and Operation Ambassador in Guernsey (14–15 July 1940). The raids for which the British awarded the "North-West Europe Campaign of 1942" battle honour were: Operation Biting – Bruneval (27–28 February 1942), St Nazaire (27–28 March 1942), Operation Myrmidon – Bayonne (5 April 1942), Operation Abercrombie – Hardelot (21–22 April 1942), Dieppe (19 August 1942) and Operation Frankton – Gironde (7–12 December 1942).
A raid on Sark on the night of 3/4 October 1942 is notable because a few days after the incursion the Germans issued a propaganda communiqué implying at least one prisoner had escaped and two were shot while resisting having their hands tied. This instance of tying prisoner's hands contributed to Hitler's decision to issue his Commando Order instructing that all captured Commandos or Commando-type personnel were to be executed as a matter of procedure.
By the summer of 1944, when an expectation of an Allied invasion was freely admitted by German commanders, the disposition of troops facing it came under the command of OB West (HQ in Paris). In turn, it commanded three groups: the Wehrmacht Netherlands Command (Wehrmachtbefehlshaber Niederlande) or WBN, covering the Dutch and Belgian coasts and Army Group B, covering the coast of northern France with the German 15th Army (HQ in Tourcoing), in the area north of the Seine; the 7th Army, (HQ in Le Mans), between the Seine and the Loire defending the English Channel and the Atlantic coast, and Army Group G with responsibility for the Bay of Biscay coast and Vichy France, with its 1st Army, (HQ in Bordeaux), responsible for the Atlantic coast between the Loire and the Spanish border and the 19th Army, (HQ in Avignon), responsible for the Mediterranean coast.
It was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion. The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops. Each army group was allocated its mobile reserves. Army Group B had the 2nd Panzer Division in northern France, 116th Panzer Division in the Paris area, and the 21st Panzer Division in Normandy. Army Group G, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area.
The OKW retained a substantial reserve of such mobile divisions also, but these were dispersed over a large area: the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was still Netherlands, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and the Panzer-Lehr Division were located in the Paris–Orleans area, since the Normandy coastal defence sectors or (Küstenverteitigungsabschnitte – KVA) were considered the most likely areas for an invasion. The 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen was located just south of the Loire in the vicinity of Tours.
1944–1945: The Second Front
Allied landing in Normandy
On 6 June 1944, the Allies began Operation Overlord (also known as "D-Day") – the long-awaited liberation of France. The deception plans, Operation Fortitude and Operation Bodyguard, had the Germans convinced that the invasion would occur in the Pas-de-Calais, while the real target was Normandy. Following two months of slow fighting in hedgerow country, Operation Cobra allowed the Americans to break out at the western end of the lodgement. Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. They encircled around 200,000 Germans in the Falaise Pocket. As had so often happened on the Eastern Front Hitler refused to allow a strategic withdrawal until it was too late. Approximately 150,000 Germans were able to escape from the Falaise pocket, but they left behind most of their irreplaceable equipment and 50,000 Germans were killed or taken prisoner.
The Allies had been arguing about whether to advance on a broad-front or a narrow-front from before D-Day. If the British had broken out of the Normandy bridgehead (or beachhead) around Caen when they launched Operation Goodwood and pushed along the coast, facts on the ground might have turned the argument in favour of a narrow front. However, as the breakout took place during Operation Cobra at the western end of the bridge-head, the 21st Army Group that included the British and Canadian forces swung east and headed for Belgium, the Netherlands and Northern Germany, while the U.S. Twelfth Army Group advanced to their south via eastern France, Luxembourg and the Ruhr Area, rapidly fanning out into a broad front. As this was the strategy favoured by the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and most of the American high command, it was soon adopted.
Liberation of France
On 15 August the Allies launched Operation Dragoon – the invasion of Southern France between Toulon and Cannes. The US Seventh Army and the French First Army, making up the US 6th Army Group, rapidly consolidated this beachhead and liberated Southern France in two weeks; they then moved north up the Rhone valley. Their advance only slowed down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the Vosges Mountains.
The Germans in France were now faced by three powerful Allied army groups: in the north the British 21st Army Group commanded by Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, in the center the American 12th Army Group, commanded by General Omar Bradley and to the south the US 6th Army Group commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. By mid-September, the 6th Army Group, advancing from the south, came into contact with Bradley's formations advancing from the west and overall control of Devers' force passed from AFHQ in the Mediterranean so that all three army groups came under Eisenhower's central command at SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces).
Under the onslaught in both the north and south of France, the German Army fell back. On 19 August, the French Resistance (FFI) organised a general uprising and the liberation of Paris took place on 25 August when general Dietrich von Choltitz accepted the French ultimatum and surrendered to general Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, commander of the Free French 2nd Armored Division, ignoring orders from Hitler that Paris should be held to the last and destroyed.
The liberation of Northern France and the Benelux countries was of special significance for the inhabitants of London and the southeast of England because it denied the Germans launch sites for their mobile V-1 and V-2 Vergeltungswaffen (reprisal weapons).
As the Allies advanced across France, their supply lines stretched to breaking point. The Red Ball Express, the Allied trucking effort, was simply unable to transport enough supplies from the port facilities in Normandy all the way to the front line, which by September, was close to the German border.
Major German units in the French southwest that had not been committed in Normandy withdrew, either eastwards towards Alsace (sometimes directly across the US 6th Army Group's advance) or into the ports with the intention of denying them to the Allies. These latter groups were not thought worth much effort and were left "to rot", with the exception of Bordeaux, which was liberated in May 1945 by French forces under General Edgard de Larminat (Operation Venerable).
Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine
Fighting on the Western front seemed to stabilize, and the Allied advance stalled in front of the Siegfried Line (Westwall) and the southern reaches of the Rhine. Starting in early September, the Americans began slow and bloody fighting through the Hurtgen Forest ("Passchendaele with tree bursts"—Hemingway) to breach the Line.
The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division.
However, it lay at the end of the long Scheldt Estuary, and so it could not be used until its approaches were clear of heavily fortified German positions. The Breskens pocket on the southern bank of the Scheldt was cleared with heavy casualties by allied forces in Operation Switchback, during the Battle of the Scheldt. This was followed by a tedious campaign to clear a peninsula dominating the estuary, and finally, the amphibious assault on Walcheren Island in November. The campaign to clear the Scheldt Estuary along with Operation Pheasant was a decisive victory for the Allies, as it allowed a greatly improved delivery of supplies directly from Antwerp, which was far closer to the front than the Normandy beaches.
In October the Americans decided that they could not just invest Aachen and let it fall in a slow siege, because it threatened the flanks of the U.S. Ninth Army. As it was the first major German city to face capture, Hitler ordered that the city be held at all costs. In the resulting battle, the city was taken, at a cost of 5,000 casualties on both sides, with an additional 5,600 German prisoners.
South of the Ardennes, American forces fought from September until mid-December to push the Germans out of Lorraine and from behind the Siegfried Line. The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. During September and October, the Allied 6th Army Group (U.S. Seventh Army and French First Army) fought a difficult campaign through the Vosges Mountains that was marked by dogged German resistance and slow advances. In November, however, the German front snapped under the pressure, resulting in sudden Allied advances that liberated Belfort, Mulhouse, and Strasbourg, and placed Allied forces along the Rhine River. The Germans managed to hold a large bridgehead (the Colmar Pocket), on the western bank of the Rhine and centered around the city of Colmar. On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. With its main thrust again through the Hürtgen Forest, the offensive drove the Allies to the Rur River, but failed in its core objectives to capture the Rur dams and pave the way towards the Rhine. The Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Ardennes offensive.
Operation Market Garden
The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division. Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, commanding the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, persuaded the Allied High Command to launch a bold attack, Operation Market Garden, which he hoped would get the Allies across the Rhine and create the narrow-front he favoured. Airborne troops would fly in from the United Kingdom and take bridges over the main rivers of the German-occupied Netherlands in three main cities; Eindhoven, Nijmegen, and Arnhem. The British XXX Corps would punch through the German lines along the Maas–Schelde canal and link up with the airborne troops of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in Eindhoven, the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division at Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. If all went well XXX Corps would advance into Germany without any remaining major obstacles. XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem.
The result was the near-destruction of the British 1st Airborne Division during the Battle of Arnhem, which sustained almost 8,000 casualties. The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem. A German attempt to recapture the salient ended in failure in early October.
Winter counter-offensives
The Germans had been preparing a massive counter-attack in the West since the Allied breakout from Normandy. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. The attack started on 16 December in what became known as the Battle of the Bulge. Defending the Ardennes were troops of the US First Army. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over to within less than of the Meuse. Having been taken by surprise, the Allies regrouped and the Germans were stopped by a combined air and land counter-attack which eventually pushed them back to their starting points by 25 January 1945.
The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. Aiming to recapture Strasbourg, the Germans attacked the 6th Army Group at multiple points. Because the Allied lines had become severely stretched in response to the crisis in the Ardennes, holding and throwing back the Nordwind offensive was a costly affair that lasted almost four weeks. The culmination of Allied counter-attacks restored the front line to the area of the German border and collapsed the Colmar Pocket.
Invasion of Germany
In January 1945 the German bridgehead over the river Roer between Heinsberg and Roermond was cleared during Operation Blackcock. This was followed by a pincer movement of the First Canadian Army in Operation Veritable advancing from the Nijmegen area of the Netherlands, and the US Ninth Army crossing the Roer in Operation Grenade. Veritable and Grenade were planned to start on 8 February 1945, but Grenade was delayed by two weeks when the Germans flooded the Roer valley by destroying the gates of the Rur Dam upstream. Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt requested permission to withdraw east behind the Rhine, arguing that further resistance would only delay the inevitable, but was ordered by Hitler to fight where his forces stood.
By the time the water had subsided and the US Ninth Army was able to cross the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank. Von Rundstedt's divisions, which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' – 280,000 men were taken prisoner. With a large number of men captured, the stubborn German resistance during the Allied campaign to reach the Rhine in February and March 1945 had been costly. Total losses reached an estimated 400,000 men. By the time they prepared to cross the Rhine in late March, the Western Allies had taken 1,300,000 German soldiers prisoner in western Europe.
The crossing of the Rhine was achieved at four points:
One was an opportunity taken by US forces when the Germans failed to blow up the Ludendorff bridge at Remagen, one crossing was a hasty assault, and two crossings were planned. Bradley and his subordinates quickly exploited the Remagen crossing made on 7 March and expanded the bridgehead into a full-scale crossing.
Bradley told General Patton whose U.S. Third Army had been fighting through the Palatinate, to "take the Rhine on the run". The Third Army did just that on the night of 22 March, crossing the river with a hasty assault south of Mainz at Oppenheim.
In the North Operation Plunder was the name given to the assault crossing of the Rhine at Rees and Wesel by the British 21st Army Group on the night of 23 March. It included the largest airborne operation in history, which was codenamed Operation Varsity. At the point the British crossed the river, it is twice as wide, with a far higher volume of water, as the points where the Americans crossed and Montgomery decided it could only be crossed with a carefully planned operation.
In the Allied 6th Army Group area, the US Seventh Army assaulted across the Rhine in the area between Mannheim and Worms on 26 March. A fifth crossing on a much smaller scale was later achieved by the French First Army at Speyer.
Once the Allies had crossed the Rhine, the British fanned out northeast towards Hamburg crossing the river Elbe and on towards Denmark and the Baltic. British forces captured Bremen on 26 April after a week of combat. British and Canadian paratroopers reached the Baltic city of Wismar just ahead of Soviet forces on 2 May. The US Ninth Army, which had remained under British command since the battle of the Bulge, went south as the northern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement as well as pushing elements east. XIX Corps of the Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on 18 April and the US XIII Corps to the north occupied Stendal.
The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. On 4 April the encirclement was completed and the Ninth Army reverted to the command of Bradley's 12th Army Group. The German Army Group B commanded by Field Marshal Walther Model was trapped in the Ruhr Pocket and 300,000 soldiers became POWs. The Ninth and First American armies then turned east and pushed to the Elbe river by mid-April. During the push east, the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Magdeburg, Halle and Leipzig were strongly defended by ad hoc German garrisons made up of regular troops, Flak units, Volkssturm and armed Nazi Party auxiliaries. Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. The First and Ninth Armies stopped along the Elbe and Mulde rivers, making contact with Soviet forces near the Elbe in late April. The US Third Army had fanned out to the east into western Czechoslovakia and southeast into eastern Bavaria and northern Austria. By V-E Day, the US 12th Army Group was a force of four armies (First, Third, Ninth and Fifteenth) that numbered over 1.3 million men.
Final moves by Western Allies
General Eisenhower's Armies were facing resistance that varied from almost non-existent to fanatical as they advanced toward Berlin, which was located from their positions in early April 1945. Britain's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, urged Eisenhower to continue the advance toward Berlin by the 21st Army Group, under the command of Montgomery with the intention of capturing the city. Even Patton agreed with Churchill that he should order the attack on the city since Montgomery's troops could reach Berlin within three days. The British and Americans contemplated an airborne operation before the attack. In Operation Eclipse, the 17th Airborne Division, 82d Airborne Division, 101st Airborne Division, and a British brigade were to seize the Tempelhof, Rangsdorf, Gatow, Staaken, and Oranienburg airfields. In Berlin, the Reichsbanner resistance organization identified possible drop zones for Allied paratroopers and planned to guide them past German defenses into the city.
After Bradley warned that capturing a city located in a region that the Soviets had already received at the Yalta Conference might cost 100,000 casualties, by 15 April Eisenhower ordered all armies to halt when they reached the Elbe and Mulde Rivers, thus immobilizing these spearheads while the war continued for three more weeks. 21st Army Group was then instead ordered to move northeast toward Bremen and Hamburg. While the U.S. Ninth and First Armies held their ground from Magdeburg through Leipzig to western Czechoslovakia, Eisenhower ordered three Allied field armies (1st French, and the U.S. Seventh and Third Armies) into southeastern Germany and Austria. Advancing from northern Italy, the British Eighth Army pushed to the borders of Yugoslavia to defeat the remaining Wehrmacht elements there. This later caused some friction with the Yugoslav forces, notably around Trieste.
End of the Third Reich
The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy. The Black Forest and Baden were overrun by the French First Army. Determined stands were made in April by German forces at Heilbronn, Nuremberg, and Munich but were overcome after several days. Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on 4 May 1945. German Army Group G surrendered to US forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5 May. Field Marshal Montgomery took the German military surrender of all German forces in The Netherlands, northwest Germany and Denmark on Lüneburg Heath, an area between the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen, on 4 May 1945. As the operational commander of some of these forces was Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, the new Reichspräsident (head of state) of the Third Reich this signaled that the European war was over.
On 7 May at his headquarters in Rheims, Eisenhower took the unconditional surrender of all German forces to the western Allies and the Soviet Union, from the German Chief-of-Staff, General Alfred Jodl, who signed the first general instrument of surrender at 0241 hours. General Franz Böhme announced the unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway. Operations ceased at 23:01 hours Central European time (CET) on 8 May. On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets.
Casualties
Allied
Thanks to competent management and industrial potential, the Allies suffered relatively low losses: 1,093,000 killed/wounded/missing. Apart from about 2 million prisoners, mostly French. As the main participant in the battles in 1944-1945, the United States suffered the highest losses: 147,783 killed and missing, 365,086 wounded, 73,759 captured.France suffered relatively high losses: 132,590 killed or missing, about 300,000 wounded, and 1,454,730 taken prisoner. Britain lost 58,000 killed, nearly 111,000 wounded and 56,000 captured.The rest of the allied countries lost 284,000 killed, wounded and captured (among them 24,000 killed and missing).
Axis
German losses are much more difficult to deal with, as different sources claim conflicting information. According to George Marshall, the Germans lost 263,000 killed. German historian Rüdger Overmans points to other numbers: 244,891 killed and missing on the Western Front in 1944. He also claims that in the "final battles" from January to May 1945, Germany lost 1,230,000 killed and missing, of which 1/3 on the Western Front. Due to low morale, the Germans often surrendered. Unlike their colleagues on the Eastern Front and their Japanese colleagues, the Wehrmacht did not fight to the last and for the most part surrendered when the defeat was obvious. 7,614,790 were held in POW camps by early June of 1945 (including 3,404,950 who were disarmed following the surrender of Germany). See also: Disarmed Enemy Forces
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
Gootzen, Har and Connor, Kevin (2006). "Battle for the Roer Triangle" .See
Hastings, Max. (2004). Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. .
Holland, James. Normandy '44: D-Day and the Epic 77-Day Battle for France (2019) 720pp
Matloff, Maurice. Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943–1944 (1959). online
Seaton, Albert (1971). The Russo-German War. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Weigley, Russell F. (1981). Eisenhower's Lieutenants. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. .
.
.
Military history of Belgium during World War II
Military history of Denmark during World War II
Military history of France during World War II
Military history of Germany during World War II
Military history of Italy during World War II
Luxembourg in World War II
Military history of the Netherlands during World War II
Military history of Norway during World War II
Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II |
Dobrogoszcz may refer to the following places in Poland:
Dobrogoszcz, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Dobrogoszcz, Wałcz County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
Dobrogoszcz, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
Dobrogoszcz, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Dobrogoszcz, Szczecinek County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland) |
Smoldering Embers is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Frank Keenan and starring Keenan, Jay Belasco and Katherine Van Buren.
Cast
Frank Keenan as John Conroy
Jay Belasco as Jack Manners
Katherine Van Buren as Beth Stafford
Russ Powell as Tramp
Graham Pettie as Tramp
Hardee Kirkland as Horace Manners
Lucille Ward as Annie Manners
Frances Raymond as Edith Wyatt
Tom Guise as Congressman Wyatt
Burwell Hamrick as The Boy
References
Bibliography
Connelly, Robert B. The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2. December Press, 1998.
External links
1920s American films
1920 films
1920 drama films
1920s English-language films
American silent feature films
Silent American drama films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Frank Keenan
Pathé Exchange films |
Michael J. Kennedy (born 1958) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for the St. Margaret's club and at inter-county level with the Dublin senior football team.
Career
Kennedy first played Gaelic football at juvenile and underage levels with the St. Margaret's club. He was still eligible for the minor grade when he was promoted to the club's senior team, but enjoyed little in terms of success.
Kennedy first appeared on the inter-county scene for Dublin as a member of the minor team. He won a Leinster MFC medal in 1976, however, his subsequent three-year spell with the under-21 team without success. Kennedy joined the senior team in 1979 and won the first of six Leinster SFC medals that year before losing the All-Ireland final to Kerry. In all, he made five All-Ireland final appearances, with victory coming on one occasion against Galway in 1983. Kennedy also won a Railway Cup medal with Leinster in 1988, the same year he was named as the All-Star left corner-back.
Honours
Dublin
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship: 1983
Leinster Senior Football Championship: 1979, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1989, 1992
National Football League: 1986–87, 1990–91
Leinster Minor Football Championship: 1976
References
1958 births
Living people
St Margaret's Gaelic footballers
Dublin inter-county Gaelic footballers |
Lewis Camanachd ( is the senior shinty team from the Isle of Lewis, Scotland. The club entered North Division Three for the first time in 2011. This was the first time a team from the Western Isles was allowed to compete in league shinty. However, the club was only allowed in on trial and awaited a decision from the Camanachd Association as to whether this was to become a permanent arrangement. Lewis was granted entry on a permanent basis from 2012.
Early history
Although the Western Isles are one of the last bastions of Scottish Gaelic, shinty was not particularly common in recent times due to a steady decline in play from the beginning of the 20th century onwards and due to the growth in popularity of football. Shinty was played at community level until at least the 1930s.
Shinty in Lewis was re-introduced in 1995 by local enthusiasts. Clubs were set up in Back, Sandwick and Tong. However, eventually Back Camanachd was the only club left playing. Back competed for the Mod Cup against Kyleakin in 2001.
In the first senior game played by a whole Lewis team, a Lewis select lost to Uist Camanachd in the 2005 Mod Cup Final.
Reconstitution
The club was reconstituted in 2006 and entered cup competitions in 2007, the first club from the Outer Hebrides to do so. In its first competitive fixtures, the club was drawn against Glasgow Mid Argyll in the Sutherland Cup and Fort William in the Strathdearn Cup. The club did not progress beyond those fixtures.
The club established training facilities at the Stornoway Primary School in Stornoway; but as there was no pitch in Stornoway of adequate standard for shinty, competitive "home" games were played on Lochbroom Camanachd's ground in Ullapool, a three-hour ferry ride away on the mainland. In September 2009, the Scots Shinty Club was the first mainland shinty team to travel to Lewis for a game against Lewis Camanachd at senior level.
The club has two annual fixtures that it arranges or is involved in: the Cuach a' Chuain Sgith trophy against Lochbroom and the Hebcelt Trophy, which is played for at the time of the Hebridean Celtic Festival.
In 2008, the club had three players selected to represent Alba at shinty/hurling.
In 2009, the club suffered a record defeat to Fort William in the Strathdearn Cup, losing 20–1. The game did have one positive note for Lewis: it included the club's first goal in competitive shinty, scored by Alasdair Mackenzie.
In 2010, the club failed to progress in either of the competitions it entered, losing to both Inveraray and Skye. However, the club did win the Far North Six a-Side Competition Lewis Camanachd Win North Coast Shinty Sixes. and the Hebridean Celtic Festival Cup.
Application to enter the league
In late 2010, Lewis applied to join the national leagues for the 2011 season. The Camanachd Association said that it would decide about admitting the club at their board meeting on 2 February 2011. The club mounted a spirited campaign to make clear its case for entry, ensuring that concerns regarding the logistics of clubs travelling from the mainland were met.
On Thursday 3 February, it was announced that Lewis had been granted permission to enter North Division Three on an initial one-year trial basis.
On 26 March 2011, Lewis claimed their first points in competitive shinty with a draw away to Strathglass. On 14 May 2011 the club played their first home game: they were defeated by Lochbroom. However, on 11 June 2011 Lewis secured their first ever competitive victory, by 3–1 against Ardnamurchan, at Shawbost. The club also defeated Hebridean neighbours Uist Camanachd in the HebCelt Cup. They also defeated the Uist club in the Mod Cup, the first time the club (or any team from Lewis) had won this trophy.
The club finished bottom of the league in their debut season, but completed all their fixtures and gained three points, a total which compared well with that of other teams in their debut seasons. They received the Marine Harvest National Fairplay Award in October 2011. They then awaited the Camanachd Association's decision on league membership which was given on 7 December 2011 after a lengthy consultation. The result was positive and Lewis were granted permanent membership of the league.
Permanent league members (2012 onwards)
The club hosted pre-season friendlies against Skye and Newtonmore before beginning their second league season. By 19 April 2012 they had exceeded their 2011 points total, with their first away win at the Bught Park against Inverness and a 6–6 draw against Strathspey Camanachd. Lewis finished the season in eighth place, a two place and five point improvement on their debut season. Paul Duke stepped down at the end of the season and was replaced by Iain Sinclair for the 2013 season. Sinclair's first term in charge saw Lewis avoid bottom spot again for the second year in succession.
In 2014, Lewis rose from 9th the previous season to finish 2nd, having secured top three shinty earlier on in the season. They were promoted to North Division Two, partly due to league reconstruction, where Lewis finished 8th out of ten teams. Iain Sinclair stepped down to be replaced by Duncan MacIntyre.
The Heb Celt Cup was won in July 2016 with a resounding 6–0 victory over Uist Camanachd. Donald Lamont scored four times and Scott MacLeod twice.
The club has continued to fulfil all its fixtures, including the only game played in the curtailed 2020 season. They played a range of matches in late 2021 as they emerged from Covid.
In 2022 the club had a successful season. They won their first ever cup game, against Boleskine and won several other games, finishing 4th in the league. They did however, lose the HebCelt Cup to Uist.
References
External links
Camanachd Leodhais Air-Loidhne
The Fro's site
BBC 606
Island Blog on Lewis Camanachd
Stornoway Gazette Report
Scotsman Report
Shinty teams
Sport in the Outer Hebrides
Isle of Lewis
Sports clubs and teams established in 2006
2006 establishments in Scotland |
Casimir "Hippo" Gozdowski (March 26, 1902 – September 19, 1952) was an American football fullback for the Toledo Maroons of the National Football League. Nicknamed "Hippo" because of his large size, Gozdowski was a well-known athlete in Toledo, playing professional and semi-professional football and baseball for many years in the city.
Early life
Casimir Gozdowski was born on March 26, 1902, in Chicago, Illinois, but had moved to Toledo, Ohio by the time he reached his twenties.
Football career
In 1922, Gozdowski played for the Toledo Maroons of the National Football League, which at the time was only three years old and had just begun to call itself the NFL.
Gozdowski had not played college football, unlike most of the starters on the team. He played backup to starting right guard Cap Edwards.
Gozdowski's most prolific game saw him score two rushing touchdowns in a 39–0 rout of the Louisville Brecks, in which the Brecks failed to even get a first down.
Baseball career
In 1925, Gozdowski played pitcher for a Toledo semi-professional baseball team called the Eagles. Described as "a big Polish boy" and likened to Babe Ruth by the Sandusky Star-Journal, he was considered far and away the best player on the team.
Later life and death
Gozdowski died in Toledo on September 19, 1952, at the age of 50.
References
1902 births
1952 deaths
American football fullbacks
American people of Polish descent
Baseball players from Ohio
Toledo Maroons players
Players of American football from Ohio |
The 2019 European Throwing Cup was hold on 9–10 March in Šamorín, Slovakia. It is the 19th edition of the athletics competition for throwing events and was jointly organised by the European Athletic Association. The competition featured men's and women's contests in shot put, discus throw, javelin throw and hammer throw. In addition to the senior competitions, there were also under-23 events for younger athletes.
Medal summary
Senior
Under-23
Medal table
Teams Standings
Senior men
Senior women
Under-23 men
Under-23 women
Results
Men
Shot put (senior)
Women
Javelin throw (senior)
Javelin throw (under-23)
References
External links
Official website (dead links)
European Throwing Cup
European Cup Winter Throwing
Winter Throwing
European Cup Winter Throwing |
The 2015–16 Nemzeti Bajnokság III was Hungary's third-level football competition. The championship was won by Ferencvárosi TC II, Kozármisleny SE, and Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC. However, Ferencvárosi TC II could not promote to the 2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság II since reserve teams can only play in the Nemzeti Bajnokság III. Therefore, the second best team, Mosonmagyaróvári TE were promoted to the Nemzeti Bajnokság II.
Standings
West
Centre
East
See also
2015–16 Magyar Kupa
2015–16 Nemzeti Bajnokság I
2015–16 Nemzeti Bajnokság II
References
External links
Nemzeti Bajnokság III seasons
2015–16 in Hungarian football
Hun |
Stupart may refer to:
Stupart Island, an island of Nunavut, Canada
Stupart, Ontario, a community in Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada
People with the surname
Doug Stupart (1882–1951), South African triple jumper and hurdler
Robert Frederic Stupart (1857–1940), Canadian meteorologist |
Krasnogorodsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Ostrovsky District in the north, Pushkinogorsky District in the northeast, Opochetsky District in the southeast, Sebezhsky District in the south, Cibla and Kārsava municipalities of Latvia in the southwest, and with Pytalovsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Krasnogorodsk. Population: 9,800 (2002 Census); The population of Krasnogorodsk accounts for 52.8% of the district's total population.
Geography
The district lies in the basin of the Velikaya River and thus of the Narva River. The most significant rivers in the district are the Sinyaya and the Lzha, both originating in Latvia. The Sinyaya, a tributary of the Velikaya, crosses the district from south to north. In particular, the settlement of Krasnogorodsk is located on the banks of the Sinyaya. The Lzha, a tributary of the Utroya, forms a stretch of the state border between Russia and Latvia and proceeds to form the border between Krasnogorodsky and Pytalovsky Districts. A number of lakes are located in the district. The biggest ones are Lakes Velye (shared with Ostrovsky District), Pitel (shared with Latvia), and Vysokoye.
Over half of the district's territory is occupied by forests.
History
In the medieval times, the area belonged to Pskov. Krasnogorodsk was founded in 1464 as Krasny Gorodets and was a fortress protecting Pskov from the southwest—one of the directions the Livonian Order was likely to advance from. In the beginning of the 15th century, together with Pskov, the area was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1581, Krasny Gorodets was conquered by the Polish Army and burned down. In 1607, it was again conquered by Lithuanians. In 1634, peace between Russia and Poland was concluded, and the area was transferred to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was returned to Russia under one of the provisions of the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, and in 1772, Pskov Governorate (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as Pskov Viceroyalty) was established. The area was a part of Opochetsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate.
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Krasnogorodsky District was established, with the administrative center in the settlement of Krasnogorodskoye (currently Krasnogorodsk). It included parts of former Opochetsky Uyezd. The governorates were abolished as well, and the district became a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 1, 1932, the district was abolished and split between Pushkinsky, Ostrovsky, and Opochetsky Districts. On March 5, 1935, the district was re-established from parts of the territories of Pushkinsky and Opochetsky Districts. Between May 11, 1935 and February 5, 1941, Krasnogorodsky District was a part of Opochka Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between 1941 and 1944, the district was occupied by German troops. On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, the oblast was abolished and Krasnogorodsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast. On February 1, 1963, the district was abolished and merged into Opochetsky District; on December 30, 1966 it was re-established. In 1967, Krasnogorodskoye was granted urban-type settlement status, and in 1995 it was renamed Krasnogorodsk.
Restricted access
The part of the district along the state border is included into a border security zone, intended to protect the borders of Russia from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local Federal Security Service department is required.
Economy
Industry
The industry in the district is represented by food and textile production.
Transportation
Krasnogorodsk is connected by roads with Opochka and with Kārsava in Latvia, and has access to the European route E262, running from Ostrov to Kaunas via Rēzekne and Daugavpils. The stretch between Ostrov and Latvian border has been a toll road since 2002. There are also local roads.
Culture and recreation
The district contains one cultural heritage monument of federal significance and additionally thirty objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federally protected monument is an archeological site.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Pskov Oblast
States and territories established in 1927
States and territories disestablished in 1932
States and territories established in 1935
States and territories disestablished in 1963
States and territories established in 1966 |
Billie Glenn "Bill" Hobbs (September 18, 1946 – August 21, 2004) was an American football linebacker who played for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles and New Orleans Saints and two seasons in the World Football League (WFL) for the Florida Blazers and San Antonio Wings. He was drafted by the Eagles in the eighth round of the 1969 NFL Draft. He played college football at Texas A&M.
College career
Hobbs played college football at Texas A&M University, where he was named two-time All-American linebacker (1967 and 1968), 1967 Southwest Conference Player of the Year, the 1968 Cotton Bowl Classic MVP, and National Defensive Player of the Year.
Professional career
Hobbs was drafted in the eighth round of the 1969 NFL Draft by the Philadelphia Eagles, where he played for three seasons. He then played for the New Orleans Saints for the 1972 season. After his NFL career, Hobbs played for the Florida Blazers and San Antonio Wings of the short-lived World Football League.
External links
The funeral for Billy Hobbs at aggiesports.com
Obituary at Texas A&M's school paper
1946 births
2004 deaths
Players of American football from Texas
American football linebackers
Texas A&M Aggies football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
New Orleans Saints players
Road incident deaths in Texas
Motorcycle road incident deaths
People from Mount Pleasant, Texas
Florida Blazers players |
Stimson line is one of the symptoms of measles, characterized by transverse line of inflammation along the eyelid margin.
Eponym
It is named after Philip Moen Stimson (1888–1971), an American pediatrician who characterized it in 1926.
References
Medical signs
Measles |
Khodzhayev, Khodzhaev, Khojayev or Khojaev (Uzbek: Xo‘jayev; Russian: Ходжаев) is an Asian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Khodzhayeva, Khodzhaeva, Khojaeva or Khojaeva. It may refer to
Fayzulla Khodzhayev (1896–1938), Uzbekistani politician
Mo'ina Khojaeva (born 1941), Uzbekistani Tajik poet and short story writer
Rustam Khojayev (born 1973), Tajikistani footballer
Sukhrob Khodzhayev (born 1993), Uzbekistani Olympic hammer thrower
Uzbek-language surnames
Tajik-language surnames |
Christian Allard (born 31 March 1964) is a French citizen and a Scottish politician. Allard was elected as a Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland constituency in the 2019 European Parliament election, serving until the 31 January 2020 when the Brexit process was completed. He is also a former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the North East Scotland region 2013−2016 and has been a councillor for Aberdeen City Council since 2017.
Background
Allard was born in 1964 in Dijon, France. He first came to Scotland around 1986, when he accepted the offer from a European seafood transport and logistics network (Tradimar/STEF) to open an office in Glasgow. After marrying a Scot, he later moved to the North East to work for a seafood exporting company. He worked in the fishing industry for over 30 years.
Political career
Allard joined the SNP around 2004. His belief that Scotland could and should be an independent country was shaped by his experiences in the fishing industry.
Allard worked part-time as a constituency assistant to Dennis Robertson MSP, and was a key part of Mr Robertson’s successful 2011 campaign team in Aberdeenshire West.
He succeeded Mark McDonald after he resigned his list seat to contest the 2013 Aberdeen Donside by-election.
His swearing into the Scottish Parliament was conducted in both English and French, the first time that the latter language has been used for the purpose.
Allard stood for re-election in 2016 and topped the SNP's regional list in the North East region. The SNP's dominated the constituency seats in the North East, with the regional seats going to candidates from the lists of other parties.
Allard stood for election at the 2017 Aberdeen City Council election for the Torry/Ferryhill ward and took the 3rd seat with 910 1st preference votes.
Allard was elected as a Member of the European Parliament for the Scotland constituency in the 2019 European Parliament election. He served as MEP until the 31 January 2020, when the Brexit process was completed.
At the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, he was the second list candidate for the SNP in the North East.
Personal life
Allard has raised three daughters in Scotland, and also now has six grandchildren.
See also
Alyn Smith
Aileen McLeod
Heather Anderson
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Politicians from Dijon
French emigrants to the United Kingdom
Politicians from Aberdeen
Scottish National Party MSPs
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2011–2016
Scottish National Party MEPs
MEPs for Scotland 2019–2020
Councillors in Aberdeen
Scottish National Party councillors |
Kok Heng Leun (; born 1966) is a former Singapore Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) who represented the arts sector in Singapore. He was appointed by the President of Singapore in March 2016. He steps down as Co-Artistic Director of Singaporean theatre company Drama Box in 2022, and continue his practice in the company as an Artist, Founder. He is a member of the Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre Programme Committee, and is part of the arts advisory panel of the National Arts Council, Singapore.
Background
From 1987 to 1990, Kok majored in mathematics at the National University of Singapore. He worked at the Ministry of Community Development as an officer in 1990. In 1991, he worked as a programme executive at The Substation, an independent arts center in Singapore. In 1992, he joined theater company The Necessary Stage as its business manager before becoming a resident director. It was only in 1998 that Kok was appointed as artistic director at Drama Box. Kok had directed more than 80 plays, and is regarded as a practitioner in Singapore's arts sector. He received the Young Artist Award from the National Arts Council in 2000 and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry Culture Award in 2003. In 2006, he received the Outstanding Young Person (Culture) award.
In 2022, Kok received the Cultural Medallion, Singapore's pinnacle arts award.
Political career
In 2014, he made an unsuccessful bid for NMP, and told news agency Channel NewsAsia that "the arts and culture should have a place in the national conversation...and should be brought to the attention of policy makers and to Singaporeans." However, despite his calls to implement change through constructive communication, Kok, after much debate, withdrew his petition in parliament over the controversial Administration of Justice (Protection) Bill that was passed in August 2016. Thereafter, he made a public apology on his own accord.
In April 2016 after Kok was made an NMP, he told The Straits Times that one of his objectives in his term would be to act as a mediator between artists and the authorities; he stated the relationship between both parties had become more problematic in recent times. In May 2016, during his first speech as an NMP in the Singapore Parliament, he "bemoaned the lack of critical thinking among Singaporeans", but did not provide any conceptual or broad solutions to address these inadequacies that he put forth. In a separate incident, he gave his opinion about the change of leadership of Singapore's Arts House stating that its former CEO Lee Chor Lin, who led the organization for three years, should have "stayed at the institution for longer so that the direction of the leadership could have a longer time to take shape and its impact to be felt more deeply”.
In September 2016, Kok developed his own Meet-the-People Sessions in auditoriums and classroom to discuss matters concerning the arts community, and was reported to have used his own funds to do so, although professionally, he was not required to do so in his capacity as an NMP, which functions differently as elected Members of the Singapore Parliament who are obliged to hold such sessions as part of their public service commitments.
References
1966 births
Living people
National University of Singapore alumni
Singaporean people of Chinese descent |
Keilhau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Carl Keilhau (1919–1957), Norwegian journalist and poet
Hans Vilhelm Keilhau (1845–1917), Norwegian artillery officer and politician
Louise Keilhau (1860–1927), Norwegian teacher and peace activist
Wilhelm Keilhau (1888–1954), Norwegian historian and economist
Wollert Keilhau (1894–1958), Norwegian librarian and encyclopedist |
KGF: Chapter 2 is the soundtrack album, composed by Ravi Basrur, to the 2022 Indian Kannada language period action film of the same name directed by Prashanth Neel starring Yash, Sanjay Dutt, Srinidhi Shetty, Raveena Tandon and Prakash Raj.
Production
Music sessions of the film began on April 2019, at Basrur's newly renovated recording studio in Bangalore. However, music production was disrupted in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was resumed during that May. After work on the film's music and score being completed, Basrur later edited the score and songs, during mid-2021. The Naik Brothers (Laxman and Sandesh Datta), recorded two songs "Toofan" and "Sultan", used in the Hindi-dubbed version of the film. They stated "We went there and he dubbed four songs in Telugu and Kannada in our voice. Later, COVID-19 lockdown happened. After a long wait of two years, they recorded two songs for the Hindi dubbed version titled Toofan and Sultan and finalised for the movie".
Release
The music rights for KGF: Chapter 2 were bought by Lahari Music and T-Series for for south languages. The music rights of Hindi version was bought by MRT Music. On 21 March 2022, the first single titled "Toofan" was released from the album. The song depicts the rise of Rocky (Yash) as a saviour of enslaved people in the gold mines of Kolar, as depicted in the predecessor's plot. It crossed over 26 million views within 24 hours of its release. On 6 April 2022, the second single titled "Gagana Nee" was released, On 13 April 2022, the third single titled "Sulthana" was released. On 14 April 2022, the fourth single titled "Mehabooba" was released. On 16 April 2022, the makers released the soundtrack album, containing four songs. On 24 April 2022, the fifth single titled "The Monster Song" was also released.
Track listing
Kannada
Telugu
Hindi
Tamil
Malayalam
Album credits
Original soundtrack
Credits adapted from Lahari Music
Song writer(s)
Ravi Basrur (Composer, Arranger)
Performers
Composition, production, musical arrangements, recording, mixing, mastering – Ravi Basrur
Lyrics – Ravi Basrur, Shabbir Ahmed, Ramajogayya Sastry, Madhurakavi, Sudhamsu, Kinnal Raj, Deepak V Bharti, Aditi Sagar
References
Kannada film soundtracks
2022 soundtrack albums
T-Series (company) soundtracks |
The Tapani incident or Tapani uprising in 1915 was one of the biggest armed uprisings by Taiwanese Han and Aboriginals, including Taivoan, against Japanese rule in Taiwan. Alternative names used to refer to the incident include the Xilai Temple Incident after the Xilai Temple in Tainan, where the revolt began, and the Yu Qingfang Incident after the leader Yu Qingfang. Multiple Japanese police stations were stormed by Aboriginal and Han Chinese fighters under Chiang Ting (Jiang Ding) and Yü Ch'ing-fang (Yu Qingfang). The rebels declared the Tai Gongheguo (泰共和国, Tai Republic), the existence of which only lasted 12 days before the revolt was suppressed.
Consequences
Modern Taiwanese historiography attempts to portray the Tapani Incident as a nationalist uprising either from a Chinese (unification) or Taiwanese (independence) perspective. Japanese colonial historiography attempted to portray the incident as a large scale instance of banditry led by criminal elements. However, the Tapani Incident differs from other uprisings in Taiwan's history because of its elements of millenarianism and folk religion, which enabled Yu Qingfang to raise a significant armed force whose members believed themselves to be invulnerable to modern weaponry.
The similarities between the rhetoric of the leaders of the Tapani uprising and the Righteous Harmony Society of the recent Boxer Rebellion in China were not lost on Japanese colonial authorities, and the colonial government subsequently paid more attention to popular religion and took steps to improve colonial administration in southern Taiwan.
The aboriginals carried on with violent armed struggle against the Japanese while Han Chinese violent opposition stopped after Tapani.
See also
Wushe Incident
Notes
References
External links
Governmentality and Its Consequences in Colonial Taiwan: A Case Study of the Ta-pa-ni Incident
When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Ta-pa-ni Incident in Colonial Taiwan
Taiwan in Time: Magic amulets, tax breaks and a messiah
Taiwan under Japanese rule
Protests in Taiwan
1915 in Japan
1915 in Taiwan
1915 in international relations
Conflicts in 1915
Combat incidents
Rebellions in Asia
Military history of Taiwan
Military history of Japan
Taivoan people |
USS Burrfish (SS/SSR-312) was a of the United States Navy named for the burrfish (Chilomycterus schoepfi), a swellfish of the Atlantic coast. The vessel entered service in 1943 and saw action during World War II and in the postwar era. In 1961 Burrfish was loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy where she served as HMCS Grilse (SS 71) and was used primarily as a training boat from 1961 until 1969.
Construction and career
Burrfish was launched on 18 June 1943 by Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine, sponsored by Miss Jane Elizabeth Davis, daughter of Senator James J. Davis from Pennsylvania. The boat was commissioned 14 September 1943.
Burrfishs war operations extended from 2 February 1944 to 13 May 1945 during which period she completed six war patrols, sinking one 5,894-ton German tanker Rossbach in Japanese waters on 7 May 1944 and, along with , a 200-ton patrol boat on 17 November 1944. Her operating area extended from the Western Caroline Islands to Formosa and the waters south of Japan. During her third war patrol the ship accomplished several special missions, conducting reconnaissance of the beaches of Palau and Yap where landings were planned.
On 20 December 1944, prior to her fifth war patrol, Lieutenant Commander M. H. Lytle relieved Commander W. B. Perkins, Jr. as commanding officer of Burrfish.
Burrfish arrived at Pearl Harbor from her last war patrol 13 May 1945. On 16 May she was ordered to return to the United States for major overhaul and arrived at Portsmouth Navy Yard on 19 June. On 12 October 1945 she reported to New London, Connecticut, for inactivation and was placed out of commission in reserve on 10 October 1946.
On 2 November 1948 Burrfish was recommissioned and assigned to Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for conversion to a radar picket submarine. Her designation was changed to SSR-312 on 27 January 1949 and her conversion was completed in November 1949.
Burrfish returned to duty with the active fleet 7 February 1950 and was assigned to Submarine Squadron 6 at Norfolk. Between February 1950 and June 1956 she completed three tours with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea; participated in several major type and inter-type exercises; and operated along the eastern seaboard as a radar picket ship.
On 5 June 1956 Burrfish sailed from Norfolk, Virginia to New London where she reported for inactivation. She was placed out of commission in reserve 17 December 1956 and laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet.
Service with the Royal Canadian Navy
The Royal Canadian Navy was interested in reestablishing its submarine service in the late 1950s and as an essential stopgap to further purchases, they sought a boat to train in. The United States Navy gave them a choice from among ten boats in the Reserve Fleet and Burrfish was selected. An official agreement to loan a submarine to the Royal Canadian Navy was finalized after approval by the Canadian Cabinet and ratification by the United States Congress in May 1960. The loan agreement would last for five years and would include $1,764,000 for the cost of reactivation and modification.
In Fall 1960 the prospective crew was sent to New London, Connecticut for US submarine training. On 17 January 1961 the submarine was recommissioned into the United States Navy as SS-312. The sub was then decommissioned from the United States Navy on 11 May 1961 and recommissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy at New London as HMCS Grilse (SS 71), the second vessel to bear the name. Grilse underwent one month of sea trials before transiting to her new homeport at Esquimalt, British Columbia, arriving on 14 July 1961.
Having reestablished the Canadian submarine service, Grilse was acquired by the Royal Canadian Navy for use as a training vessel for anti-submarine warfare training on the Pacific coast. However, the boat lacked the speed of more modern subs and her sensor and weapons outfit were not up to the task of anti-submarine warfare. As a result, Grilse spent most of her time as "clockwork mice" for surface ships and aircraft, as a passive target for their training. The submarine participated in joint Royal Canadian Navy/Royal Canadian Air Force and joint US/Canada training exercises in the Pacific.
In May 1966, her five-year loan was renewed for $1 million, and the sub underwent a refit in 1967 for $1.2 million. In Spring 1968, Grilse was sent on a training cruise to Japan. Once there, the boat trained with units of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force and the United States Navy. In 1968, the Canadian Navy, now called Maritime Command, was offered a more modern by the US. Maritime Command chose to accept the offer and was purchased as a direct replacement for Grilse on the west coast.
With the arrival of Rainbow, Grilse never sailed again. Some of Grilses more modern gear was taken out and transferred to Rainbow, however Grilse had to remain operationally capable in accordance with the loan agreement and the transfer was limited. The sub returned to the US in September 1969.
The boat was struck from the Naval Register on 19 July 1969. Grilse was officially paid off from Maritime Command on 2 October 1969 and returned to the US Navy the same day. Burrfish was sunk as a target off San Clemente Island, California, on 19 November 1969.
Research
Grilse was also used as a test platform for measuring the nature of turbulence, the results of which were analyzed by scientists that included French polymath Benoit Mandelbrot, whose thinking on fractals was substantially shaped by this experience:
"On a visit to Vancouver, I asked to listen to the recordings. Not possible, I was told; the audio tapes, while playable, spanned too broad a frequency spectrum from high pitch to low, most of them outside human earshot. But surely, I said, you can speed up and slow down the tape? I insisted. And, after some fumbling with the then-primitive equipment, they obliged me. We sat and listened. Just listened. Loud high pitch, then low rumblings. Then high pitch again; more rumblings. Change the tape speed: Same pattern. Now, most people listening to this would call it stretches of high-frequency noise interrupted by low patches. But if they had taken the trouble to study the intervals, to analyze the relative proportions of high and low patches, they would have found something else: a turbulent process that proceeds in bursts and pauses, and whose parts scale fractally. The turbulent water through which the submarine’s nose plowed in a one-dimensional line was not one long alternation of fast and slow water. Instead, seen in all three dimensions, it was a complicated pattern of churning eddies and torrents, all interrelated from start of journey to end of journey—in effect, over an infinite span of time and space.
"That experience underlies all my thinking about financial markets."Mandelbrot, Benoit. The Misbehavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Financial Turbulence (p. 227). Basic Books. Kindle Edition.
– Benoit B. Mandelbrot, The (Mis)Behavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Financial Turbulence
Awards
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with five battle stars for World War II service
Navy Occupation Service Medal with "EUROPE" clasp
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Kill Record: USS Burrfish
Balao-class submarines
Ships built in Kittery, Maine
1943 ships
World War II submarines of the United States
Cold War submarines of the United States
Ships sunk as targets
Maritime incidents in 1969
Shipwrecks of the California coast |
Gabre () is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.
Geography
The Lèze, with the Lake of Mondely, forms part of the commune's southeastern border, flows northeast through the eastern part of the commune, then forms part of its northeastern border.
Population
See also
Communes of the Ariège department
References
Communes of Ariège (department)
Ariège communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
Aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly is the INCI name for a preparation used as an antiperspirant in many deodorant products. It is selected for its ability to obstruct pores in the skin and prevent sweat from leaving the body. Its anhydrous form gives it the added ability of absorbing moisture. It is sometimes called AZG, and contains a mixture of monomeric and polymeric Zr4+ and Al3+ complexes with hydroxide, chloride and glycine.
Functions
Anhydrous aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly functions by diffusing into the sweat gland and forming a colloidal "plug" which limits the flow of sweat to the skin surface. The plug is gradually broken down and normal sweating resumes.
Clothing stains
When mixed with sweat, aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly is thought to stain clothing with a yellowish tint. It can also cause a stiffening of the affected areas of clothing. If excessive amounts of aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly mixed with sweat come in contact with a material, bleach marks may develop.
Excessive deposits of aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly on clothing may also be removed during washing by adding a chelating agent (such as citric acid from lemon juice) to the wash.
References
Cosmetics chemicals |
"Fight Fire with Fire" is a song by American band Kansas, written by John and Dino Elefante for the 1983 album Drastic Measures. Charting at No. 58 on the Billboard Hot 100, it became the twelfth Kansas single to chart on the Top 100. It was promoted with a music video starring Dan Shor, which was blown up to 35 mm film and displayed as a trailer in movie theaters.
The song was re-released on several compilation and live albums, including The Best of Kansas, The Ultimate Kansas, Sail On: The 30th Anniversary Collection, and the live CD/DVD combos Device, Voice, Drum and There's Know Place Like Home.
Chart performance
References
1983 singles
Kansas (band) songs
1983 songs |
Radio is a 2003 American semi-biographical sports drama film directed by Mike Tollin, and inspired by the 1996 Sports Illustrated article "Someone to Lean On" by Gary Smith. The article and the movie are based on the true story of T. L. Hanna High School football coach Harold Jones (Ed Harris) and a young man with an intellectual disability, James Robert "Radio" Kennedy (Cuba Gooding Jr.). The film co-stars Debra Winger and Alfre Woodard. It was filmed primarily in Walterboro, South Carolina because its buildings and downtown core still fit the look of the era the film was trying to depict.
Plot
In the 1970s, James Robert "Radio" Kennedy, a 23-year-old mentally disabled man, lives alone with his mother who, as a nurse, spends much of the day at work. Radio spends much of his day roaming the town and pushing a shopping cart, which he uses to collect anything interesting he finds. Radio often pauses to observe the local high school football team in their training sessions, led by Coach Harold Jones. During one such session, the football falls out of bounds, allowing Radio to collect it and haul it away in his cart. A group of players retaliate the following day by tying Radio's hands and feet, locking him in the gear shed, and throwing footballs at the door to scare him.
Coach Jones frees Radio and punishes the wrongdoers by making them run extra wind sprints after practice. Jones takes it upon himself to assist in Radio's care, and gives him his nickname due to his penchant for listening to the radio. Radio begins assisting Coach Jones on the football team, and inspires the team before each game as a mascot-type figure. Radio's increased attention from Jones is faced with resistance from the football team's parents, who see Radio as a distraction from their own sons' successes.
Upon the end of the football season, Jones involves Radio with several activities within the high school, and winds up neglecting his daughter Mary Helen, who is a member of the high school's cheerleading squad. At a Christmas mass, Radio receives several gifts from the townspeople. Mary Helen confides to her father that while she does not blame him for neglecting her, she cannot understand the reason for his interest in Radio.
The following day, Radio distributes the gifts around town. He soon encounters a suspicious police officer, and his impaired ability to communicate leads to his arrest on the charge of possessing stolen property. However, the other officers recognize Radio and he is released. To make up for the wrongful arrest, the arresting officer is forced to ferry Radio around town to finish delivering the gifts. Following the holidays, Radio begins taking classes in the high school to complete his formal education. One of the football players who had previously tormented him tricks Radio into entering the girls' locker room. Radio is reluctant to tell Coach Jones who set him up, but Coach Jones determines the player's identity by interviewing other players and punishes him by benching him for a decisive game.
Radio's mother suddenly dies of a heart attack, and Radio finds himself living alone until his absent older brother Walter finally returns to care for him. That same evening, Jones reveals to Mary Helen that his attachment to Radio and need to assist him stems from a childhood incident in which Jones, as a child making a living off delivering newspapers, did not help a mentally disabled boy his own age crying behind barbed wire. Following the death of Radio's mother, pressure from the school board to have Radio put in a specialized institution strengthens. The association between Radio and Coach Jones is further blamed for the team's inability to win.
In a meeting with the townspeople, Jones speaks of Radio being a blessing for the community by showing how people should treat one another, and announces his resignation as head coach so that he may spend more time with his family. At Radio's high school graduation, he receives an honorary diploma and a letterman jacket. The film ends with clips being shown of the real-life Radio and Coach Jones leading the football team.
Cast
Cuba Gooding Jr. as James Robert "Radio" Kennedy
Ed Harris as Coach Harold Jones, the head football coach
Debra Winger as Mrs. Linda Jones
S. Epatha Merkerson as Maggie Kennedy, Radio's mother
Sarah Drew as Mary Helen Jones
Alfre Woodard as Principal Daniels
Brent Sexton as Coach Honeycutt, assistant football coach and head basketball coach
Riley Smith as Johnny Clay
Chris Mulkey as Frank Clay, Johnny's father
Patrick Breen as Tucker
Background
The film's lead character, Radio, is based on James Robert "Radio" Kennedy, who was born October 14, 1946 in Anderson, South Carolina. His nickname, Radio, was given to him by townspeople because Kennedy grew up fascinated by radios and because of the radio he carried everywhere he went. He was known to ask students before football games, "We gonna get that quarterback?", and say "We gonna win tonight!". ReelSports provided the football and basketball coordination for the film.
Reception
On review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 36% approval rating with the consensus reading: "The story is heavy on syrupy uplift and turns Radio into a saint/cuddly pet". The film holds a score of 38 out of 100 on Metacritic. The film successfully grossed $52.3 million with a budget of approximately $30 million. Cuba Gooding Jr. earned a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Actor for his performance in the film but also an NAACP Image Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture.
Awards and nominations
Soundtrack
The soundtrack to Radio was released on October 21, 2003.
See also
List of American football films
List of teachers portrayed in films
White savior narrative in film
References
External links
The magazine article that inspired Mike Tollin to make the film.
Answers some questions about the factual accuracy of the movie.
2003 films
2003 drama films
2003 biographical drama films
2000s high school films
2000s sports drama films
African-American biographical dramas
American sports drama films
Anderson County, South Carolina
Biographical films about educators
Biographical films about sportspeople
Films about intellectual disability
Films based on newspaper and magazine articles
Films set in the 1970s
Films set in 1976
Films shot in South Carolina
High school football films
Columbia Pictures films
Cultural depictions of players of American football
Films directed by Michael Tollin
Films scored by James Horner
Films set in South Carolina
Revolution Studios films
Sports films based on actual events
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
The men's freestyle 86 kg is a competition featured at the 2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Tirana, Albania on 23 and 24 October 2023.
This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.
Results
Legend
F — Won by fall
WO — Won by walkover
Final
Top half
Bottom half
Repechage
References
External links
Official website
Men's freestyle 86 kg |
The 1930 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 28 June 1930 at White City Stadium. The winner Mick the Miller received a first prize of £1,480.
Final result
At White City (over 525 yards):
Distances
3, 3¼, head, 2, 2 (lengths)
The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1927-1950 one length was equal to 0.06 of one second but race times are shown as 0.08 as per modern day calculations.
Review
The first round got underway on Saturday 7 June and Mick the Miller won his first round at odds of 100-8 on, defeating the field in his heat by 15 lengths in a time of 30.14. The Manchester hope O'Brazil claimed victory, as did another greyhound called Deemster who won a heat in a faster time than Mick the Miller (29.90). Mick the Miller's brother Macoma also won a heat.
During the second round Mick the Milelr was a little disappointing only claiming victory by one and a half lengths from the 1929 Irish Greyhound Derby winner Jack Bob in 30.59. Deemster, although strong favourite for his second round heat, sadly broke a hock and his anticipated challenge to Mick the Miller was over. Macoma also failed to progress any further.
Jack Bob claimed his semi-final and Mick the Miller won his, despite a serious challenge all the way round from Dresden and the 1928 unofficial Irish Greyhound Derby champion Tipperary Hills. The third semi-final was won by Mick McGee.
Mick the Miller was made the 9/4 on favourite in the final despite a line-up that included Jack Bob and leading bitch called Bradshaw Fold, who held the world record for 550 and 700 yards. Also featuring was So Green, the Puppy Derby and Trafalgar Cup champion. A derby roar by an attendance in excess of 50,000 took place as the hare was in motion, the roar would become a traditional feature of future events. Mick the Miller using the advantage of the red jacket (trap one), led early and won comfortably by three lengths. He had sealed his place in history by achieving a second Derby win and became known as the 'Worlds Wonder Dog'. His name remains famous today.
See also
1930 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
References
Greyhound Derby
English Greyhound Derby
Greyhound racing in London
English Greyhound Derby
English Greyhound Derby |
Elden is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Arnhem, about 4 km southwest of the city centre.
Elden was a separate municipality between 1813 and 1818, when it was merged with Elst. It became part of Arnhem in 1966.
The village of Elden, on the south side of the Rhine, has now been completely surrounded by neighbourhoods of the city of Arnhem and is now an enclave. The village still has its own place name signs.
History
The village was first mentioned in 855 as Elti. The etymology is unknown. The Saint Boniface dates from the 14th century.
Elden was home to 791 people in 1840. Around 1930, Arnhem started to expand to the other side of the Rhine. In 1935, the bridge over the Rhine which is nowadays called John Frost Bridge was built. Most of the village was destroyed during Operation Market Garden during which 2nd Parachute Battalion commanded by John Frost managed to take the bridge, but found itself surrounded.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Gelderland
Former municipalities of Gelderland
Arnhem |
Bondville is a village in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 388 at the 2020 census.
Geography
Bondville is located about west of the western edge of Champaign, at the intersection of the east–west Illinois Route 10 and the north-south County Road 19. Interstate 72 passes from east to west about to the north of this intersection. The town of Seymour lies about further to the west. According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Bondville has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the 2020 census there were 388 people, 220 households, and 110 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 201 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 84.79% White, 2.84% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 11.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.35% of the population.
There were 220 households, out of which 13.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.27% were married couples living together, none had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.00% were non-families. 29.09% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.27% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.07.
The village's age distribution consisted of 10.8% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 37.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $53,750, and the median income for a family was $65,000. Males had a median income of $40,298 versus $29,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $31,857. About 7.3% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
See also
List of municipalities in Illinois
References
External links
Villages in Illinois
Villages in Champaign County, Illinois |
Çöğürlük () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Maksudan tribe and had a population of 17 in 2021.
References
Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province
Villages in Ovacık District, Tunceli |
The 2016 Esiliiga is the 26th season of the Esiliiga, second-highest Estonian league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 25 February 2016 and concluded on 6 November 2016.
Tulevik won the league, finishing with 89 points and were promoted to the Meistriliiga. It was their first Esiliiga title in history.
Teams
Stadia
Personnel and kits
Managerial changes
Results
League table
Result tables
First half of the season
Second half of the season
Play-offs
Promotion play-offs
Maardu Linnameeskond, who finished 4th, faced Pärnu Linnameeskond, the 9th-placed 2016 Meistriliiga side for a two-legged play-off. The winner on aggregate score after both matches earned entry into the 2017 Meistriliiga.
First leg
Second leg
Pärnu Linnameeskond won 9–4 on aggregate and retained their Meistriliiga spot for the 2017 season.
Relegation play-offs
Nõmme Kalju U21, who finished 8th, faced Welco, 3rd-placed 2016 Esiliiga B side for a two-legged play-off. The first leg originally ended 3–2 to Nõmme Kalju U21 but they were later ruled to have forfeited the match after fielding an ineligible player Henrik Pürg. According to the rules, the second leg was cancelled and Welco earned entry into the 2017 Esiliiga.
First leg
Second leg
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Awards
Monthly awards
Esiliiga Player of the Year
Eduard Golovljov was named Esiliiga Player of the Year.
See also
2015–16 Estonian Cup
2016–17 Estonian Cup
2016 Meistriliiga
2016 Esiliiga B
References
External links
Official website
Esiliiga seasons
2
Estonia
Estonia |
These are lists of monarchs in Spain.
Monarchs of the current state
List of Spanish monarchs
Monarchs of former states
Kings of Alpuente, see Alpuente
List of Aragonese monarchs
List of viceroys of Aragon (alias lieutenants)
List of Asturian monarchs
List of emirs of Badajoz
List of Counts of Barcelona
List of Castilian monarchs
List of caliphs of Córdoba
List of Galician monarchs
List of Nasrid sultans of Granada
List of Leonese monarchs
List of monarchs of Majorca
Ra'îs of Manûrqa
List of Navarrese monarchs
List of Valencian monarchs
List of Umayyad caliphs
Nobility
Dukes of Medina-Sidonia
Viscounts of Barcelona
Counts of Besalú
Counts of Cerdanya
Counts of Empúries
Counts of Roussillon
Counts of Urgell
See also
List of heads of state of Spain |
Sredogriv ( ) is a village in the municipality of Chuprene, in Vidin Province, in northwestern Bulgaria.
References
Villages in Vidin Province |
Summer Wheat is a contemporary American artist born in 1977 in Oklahoma City. She currently lives in Queens, NY and works in Brooklyn, NY.
Since 2002, Wheat has had numerous solo and group exhibitions in galleries and museums throughout the U.S. and internationally. In 2010, Wheat was awarded a year-long residency with Triangle Arts Association in Brooklyn, NY. In 2016 she created a site-specific, large-scale installation for Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center. In 2017, Wheat was named as one of "10 Artists to Watch at Frieze London". In 2016, she was presented as recipient of the 2016 New York NADA Artadia Award, which is presented every year to one artist that is exhibiting at NADA New York.
Wheat developed a painting technique whereby she pushes acrylic paint through framed pieces of aluminum mesh; this technique was described by The Art in America journal as "completely novel". Her 2018 exhibition at the Andrew Edlin Gallery in NY was chosen by Artforum as a Critics' Pick.
Education
Wheat received a BA from University of Central Oklahoma in 2000, and an MFA from Savannah College of Art and Design in 2005.
External links
References
1977 births
Living people
Artists from Oklahoma City
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists
University of Central Oklahoma alumni
Savannah College of Art and Design alumni |
Maldives competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea.
A team of 2 athletes was
announced to represent the country
in the event.
Results
Men
Women
References
External links
Official local organising committee website
Official IAAF competition website
Nations at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics
World Championships in Athletics
Maldives at the World Athletics Championships |
The TDF Ghar (House in Urdu) is an informal learning space situated in Karachi, Pakistan. It’s a house constructed in the 1930s and restored as a living museum. The Dawood Foundation (TDF) has retained the heritage architectural features of the house to preserve the living style of the past residents of cosmopolitan Karachi.
Background
The House was originally constructed in the 1930s under an almond tree with hand-crafted tiles. It belonged to a Hindu woman, Haribai Motiram, who later sold it to the Dawood family’s ancestors.
The house is situated in the East-Karachi neighborhood Jamshed Quarters and is accessible through Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road. Jamshed Quarters was envisioned by then-Mayor and philanthropist Jamshed Nusserwanjee Mehta as a home for the growing middle class of Karachi. It was home to multiple ethnicities and people of different faith, like Muslims, Hindus, Christians, Parsis, and Jews.
The Dawood Foundation restored the building from 2016 onwards and TDF Ghar was open to public as of August 2017.
Features
TDF Ghar is an informal learning space for the citizens of Karachi to gather and exchange. The house retains its heritage features but has been transformed into a public space. With its unique mix of a museum and cultural programme, it also attracts tourists. It reflects upon Karachi's past, the mix of cultures that it presented, and the kinds of lives that people lived during pre-independence time.
The three 'Numaish Halls' and a training room in the building’s first floor can be utilised for organising workshops, training, seminars, exhibitions, and other activities.
The Living Room (Museum)
TDF Ghar’s ‘Living Room’ has been restored with original fixtures and is being used as a museum for historical collections. The tiles used in the living room are handmade and were made in the Jamshed Nusserwanji factory.
'The Living Room' also has antique pieces and furniture such as vintage chess sets, a glass cupboard with fine china, an original silica treadle sewing machine, gramophone, radio, telephone, typewriter, and lamps, from as early as the 1930s. The European style sofas, Parsi furniture, Anglo-Indian vanity dressing table, and Irani chairs, present a mixture of different cultures and portray the ethnic inclusive nature of Karachi.
Numaish Hall
Three Numaish (Exhibition in Urdu) Halls on the upper floor of TDF Ghar act as empty multi-purpose spaces. Art exhibitions, talks, film screenings, performances, large meetings, and workshops are taking place there.
Sehan Café
On the veranda of TDF Ghar’s back-side is a small café named Sehan Café. It harnesses the Irani café culture that Karachi had been famous for, with bentwood chairs.
Library
On the first floor is a book-swapping library in collaboration with Junaid Akram’s project – The Novel Idea. Visitors can read any book or swap their books with any book from the same genre. There are more than 2500 books in various categories such as fiction, non-fiction, children, history, and much more.
Rooftop View of Mazar-e-Quaid
The rooftop at TDF Ghar is a wide space directly looking over the Quaid’s Mausoleum. It is one of the few locations in the city which directly overlooks the mazaar, the very symbol of Karachi.
Exhibitions
To promote the strength, uniqueness, and charm of each culture, community, and gender, TDF Ghar hosts various exhibitions. Here is some information about a few selected exhibitions:
The Groovy Years: Karachi of the 60s and 70s
The exhibition, started in February 2022, is a snapshot of Karachi’s cosmopolitan history, the mix of cultures that it represented, and the kinds of lives people had there over half a century ago.
The Jinnahs
An exhibition reflecting on the women that were a part of Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s life was hosted from 16 January to 10 February 2018. The Jinnah’s showcased the personal life of Pakistan’s Founder Quaid e Azam along with the influence of the three most important women in his life – Fatima Ali Jinnah, Ruttie Jinnah and Dina Wadia.
To China, with Love
TDF Ghar hosted the exhibition, Chinese New Year, on 25 February 2018. To China, with Love represented Pakistan and China’s connected history as well as their unique culture and traditions. This exhibition also described how the two countries share strong, strategic ties.
Henna sey Eid
Henna sey Eid is a special Eid exhibition that is held every year on Chaand Raat, and arrangements are made where ladies can come and apply mehndi. This exhibition is about discovering the history of henna, its cultural significance, and its long roots with Islamic traditions around the world.
The man who built Karachi – Moses Somake
The man who built Karachi – Moses Somake, was an exhibition which was designed for Karachiites to celebrate the work of Iraqi descent architect. This pioneer architect was the mastermind behind many stone buildings of this colonial city. The exhibition was held from 11 August to 15 October 2018.
Karachi in the 1950s and All that Jazz
This exhibition was held from January to March 2019. It celebrated the history of Karachi. Featuring music, cinemas, eateries, and more from the 1950s, the exhibition's most popular attraction was the photobooth and props.
Karachi ka Keamari
Karachi ka Keamari was an exhibition designed to explore the history of Pakistan’s largest and busiest seaport. It was made interactive through documentaries, a photobooth, and a crane exhibit.
Entry & Timings
Tuesday to Sunday 10 am to 10 pm.
Monday closed
Entry Ticket: Rs 100
References
External links
Details about the exhibitions at the website of The Dawood Foundation:
"The man who built Karachi – Moses Somake"
The Jinnahs
Buildings and structures in Karachi
Museums in Sindh
Heritage sites in Karachi
British colonial architecture |
Twomile Creek is a long 1st order tributary to the Uwharrie River in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Course
Twomile Creek rises on the Twomile Branch divide about 1.5 miles southeast of Martha, North Carolina. Twomile Creek then flows southeasterly to join the Uwharrie River about 3 miles southeast of Martha.
Watershed
Twomile Creek drains of area, receives about 46.9 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 384.58 and is about 49% forested.
See also
List of rivers of North Carolina
References
Rivers of North Carolina
Rivers of Randolph County, North Carolina |
The following is a list of rugby league referees who have appeared in Australian top-level rugby league, i.e. the NRL and its predecessors, the NSWRL, ARL and SL premierships. Referees still currently active are listed in bold.
Referees
NOTES:
Referees are listed in the order of their debut game.
Referees who debuted in the same day are listed in order alphabetically.
The statistics in this table are correct as of round 8 of the 2022 NRL season.
Grand Final Referees
See also
NRL match officials
References
Referees
Rugby league referees
National Rugby League referees |
The Rural Payments Agency (RPA) is an executive agency of the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). Prior to Brexit, the RPA delivered the European Union (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) payments to farmers and traders in England, paying out over £2 billion in subsidies each year. The Agency managing more than 40 schemes, the largest of which the Basic Payment Scheme (BPS) paying more than £1.5 billion to around 105,000 claimants a year.
Along with paying subsidies the agency has a number of other roles including managing the British Cattle Movement Service and the Rural Land Register which holds around 2.4 million registered land parcels digitally, and sends land maps to landowners in England.
RPA works closely with Natural England and the Forestry Commission which are responsible for authorising payments under the Rural Development Programme for England for schemes including Environmental Stewardship and the English Woodland Grant Scheme.
Part of the role of the agency is to issue holding numbers and vendor numbers to landowners in England who wish to take advantage of the various schemes Defra offers.
The RPA publishes an annual business plan which sets out its targets and commitments to its customers, Defra and the taxpayer.
History
The RPA was created on 16 October 2001 from the amalgamation of the Intervention Board for Agricultural Produce and the Defra Paying Agency as a single paying agency for most Common Agricultural Policy schemes in England and certain schemes throughout the whole of the UK. Most notably the agency is responsible for administering and distributing the Single Payment Scheme to farmers in England. It also enforces the European Union's regulations on the class, quality, size and shape of vegetables and fruit sold, by warning and advising businesses, and occasionally prosecuting under section 14 of the Agriculture and Horticulture Act 1964.
In 2003 the British Cattle Movement Service, which manages the Cattle Tracing System (CTS) for the whole of Great Britain, was amalgamated into the RPA. It maintains a register of births, deaths and movements of cattle to be used for animal health purposes; issues cattle passports; and records where individual cattle are, as well as operating a dedicated helpline. It handles around 20 million transactions per year, the majority recorded online.
Single Payment Scheme
The Rural Payments Agency experienced difficulties in implementing the EU's new Single Payment Scheme in 2005 and in effectively processing payments to farmers. A National Audit Office report published in October 2006, highlighted the key issues.
The House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee published on 18 January 2006 a highly critical interim report into the agency's IT systems and activity.
On 15 March 2006 the Chief Executive Johnson McNeil was sacked when a deadline of 14 February for calculating Single Payment Scheme entitlements was missed.
Further, on 12 June 2006 the RPA confirmed that an internal inquiry was under way into "outrageous behaviour" in the agency office in Newcastle.
Following a series of senior management changes during the mid to late 2000s, Mark Grimshaw took over as Chief Executive in January 2011 and established a new Executive leadership team.
The agency published a new Five Year Plan] in February 2012. For the 2011 Single Payment Scheme, RPA recorded its best ever performance, paying more than 95% of the 2011 fund to 96% of claimants by the first week of March 2012.
The agency further continued to improve its performance and in his speech to the Oxford Farming Conference on 3 January 2013, Environment Secretary Owen Paterson, announced RPA had paid out more than £1.4 billion to 97,000 farmers by the end of December 2012. It actually achieved its target for December 2012 on the first banking day of the month.
The Single Payment Scheme was replaced with the Basic Payment Scheme in 2015.
Offices
RPA has six main offices which are all located in England. The head office is in Reading, and its other major offices are in Carlisle, Exeter, Newcastle upon Tyne, York and Workington.
References
External links
Official website
2001 establishments in the United Kingdom
Agricultural organisations based in the United Kingdom
Executive agencies of the United Kingdom government
Government agencies established in 2001
Organisations based in Reading, Berkshire
Rural society in the United Kingdom |
Bengt Mikael Stanne (born 20 May 1974) is a Swedish musician, best known as the vocalist and a former rhythm guitarist for the melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity. Since the departure of original drummer Anders Jivarp in 2021, Stanne is the only remaining original member of the band. Stanne is also the vocalist for bands Grand Cadaver and The Halo Effect, which formed in 2020 and 2021 respectively. He was also an ex-vocalist for HammerFall and In Flames.
Career
Dark Tranquillity
Stanne, along with Niklas Sundin, formed Dark Tranquillity because they were bored, along with interest in metal from their influences. He played guitar and performed clean backing vocals on Dark Tranquillity's first album, Skydancer, as well as on their early demos, including Enfeebled Earth released under the name Septic Broiler. In 1994, Anders Fridén, Dark Tranquillity's original vocalist, left the band to join In Flames. Stanne then became the new vocalist and discontinued playing guitar.
In addition to his usual growling vocals, Dark Tranquillity's 1999 album, Projector, showcased his operatic "clean" singing abilities. After Projector, however, the clean style was mostly abandoned until the release of Fiction in 2007.
Other projects
Stanne is the vocalist for death metal band Grand Cadaver, which formed in 2020.
Stanne was the original vocalist for HammerFall from 1993 until 1996, after which he was replaced because he couldn't perform with HammerFall due to his commitment to Dark Tranquillity.
Discography
Guest appearances
In 2005, Stanne provided a clean vocal passage on the Nightrage song "Frozen", alongside At the Gates vocalist Tomas Lindberg, on their album Descent into Chaos.
In 2008, Stanne performed guest vocals in the band Scar of the Sun, for a track named “Ode to a Failure”.
In 2010 Stanne guested on Solution .45's debut album by contributing the lyrics for most of the tracks and providing vocals on the tracks "Bladed Vaults" and "On Embered Fields Adust".
In 2010, Stanne provided vocals in the song “Weather the Storm” by Insomnium.
In 2010, Nightrage released the song “Gallant Deeds”, an unreleased track recorded by Stanne from the Descent into Chaos sessions. It is now available on the Nightrage re-issue Vengeance Descending.
In 2011, Stanne appeared on the track “Wastelands Within” by Mourning Caress, for their album Deep Wounds, Bright Scars.
In 2012, Stanne appeared on the track “Skin Changer” by Helcaraxë for their album Red Dragon.
In 2015, Stanne appeared on several tracks in the album The Great Lie by Melted Space.
In 2018, Stanne provided vocals for the album Darkening Light by Melted Space.
In 2020, Stanne appeared on the track "Whispers from the Wicked" by Carthagods, on their album The Monster in Me.
In 2020, Stanne provided additional vocals on the track "A Meditation Upon Death" by Nonexist, from their album Like the Fearless Hunter.
In 2022, Stanne acted as a guest vocalist for six tracks for the video game Metal: Hellsinger.
References
External links
Male guitarists
Swedish heavy metal singers
English-language singers from Sweden
Living people
1974 births
Musicians from Gothenburg
Swedish male singers
Dark Tranquillity members
HammerFall members
In Flames members |
Saint Modesta (died c. 680) was the founder and Abbess of the monastery of Oeren in Trier, Germany.
Biography
Modesta was the niece of Itta of Metz and a cousin of St. Gertrude (626–659). Modesta became a Benedictine nun and was appointed the first abbess, by Saint Modoald, her uncle, for the convent of Oeren, Trier, Germany.
The abbey was built on the Roman horrea, the ancient granaries still remaining on the site and the name is also given as Öhren or Ohren, Øhren, Oehren, Oeren, Herren or Horreum. It was later renamed after Irmina of Oeren, the abbey's second abbess.
Family
References
7th-century Germanic people
Medieval German saints
7th-century Frankish women
German Roman Catholic abbesses |
Steven Downs (born 8 September 1975) is a former professional tennis player from New Zealand.
Biography
Downs was a leading international junior, who was the world number one doubles player in 1993 and designated ITF World Champion. He reached a final at all four Grand Slam tournaments in 1993. With partner James Greenhalgh, he won two boys' doubles titles, the French Open and Wimbledon Championships. Downs, who played cricket for Auckland up to the Under 14s, made the singles final at the Australian Open and was runner-up to Marcelo Ríos at the US Open, for a year-end number five ranking.
Following his junior success in 1993, Downs turned professional and in 1994 made his first ATP Tour tournament in Auckland. Every year from 1994 to 1997 he featured in the main draw of the Auckland Open. In 1995 he made the round of 16, with a win over the world's 45th-ranked player, Fabrice Santoro.
During his career he participated in three ties for the New Zealand Davis Cup team. In 1995 he made his debut in a tie against Chinese Taipei in Wellington and won both of his singles matches, in a 5–0 whitewash. He was called up again when New Zealand played a World Group qualifier that year in Hamilton, against Switzerland. His first singles match was the opening rubber of the tie, a loss to Marc Rosset. When he and Alistair Hunt lost in the doubles, the tie was lost, although he did win a reverse singles rubber over Jakob Hlasek. In 1996, he played two more singles matches, in a tie against South Korea in Seoul, for losses to Lee Hyung-taik and Yoon Yong-il, but New Zealand still prevailed.
His last ATP Tour appearance in singles came at the 1996 Infiniti Open in Los Angeles, where he lost in the first round to Stefan Edberg. He was runner-up at a Perth Challenger event in 1996. At his peak, Downs was the second-ranked player in New Zealand, behind Brett Steven. A combination of factors, including an elbow injury, brought about an early retirement from professional tennis after the 1997 season.
Junior Grand Slam finals
Singles: 2 (2 runners-up)
Doubles: 2 (2 titles)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 1 (0–1)
Doubles: 1 (0–1)
See also
List of New Zealand Davis Cup team representatives
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
New Zealand male tennis players
French Open junior champions
Wimbledon junior champions
Tennis players from Auckland
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles |
François Étienne de Kellermann, 2nd Duke of Valmy (4 August 1770 – 2 June 1835) was a French cavalry general noted for his daring and skillful exploits during the Napoleonic Wars. He was the son of François Christophe de Kellermann and the father of the diplomat François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann.
Early life and French Revolutionary Wars
Born in Metz, Kellermann served for a short time in his father's regiment of Hussars before entering the diplomatic service in 1791. In 1793 he again joined the army, serving chiefly under his father's command in the Alps, and rising in 1796 to the rank of chef de brigade. In the latter part of Bonaparte's celebrated Italian campaign of 1796-1797 the younger Kellermann attracted the future emperor's notice by his brilliant conduct at the forcing of the Tagliamento. He was made general of brigade immediately, and continued in Italy after the Peace of Campo Formio, being employed successively in the armies of Rome and Naples under Macdonald and Championnet.
At the Battle of Marengo (1800), he commanded a heavy cavalry brigade under the First Consul and he initiated and implemented one of the most famous cavalry charges of history, which, with Desaix's infantry attack, decided the issue of the battle. The French forces had fought all day and were withdrawing. The Austrian troops had formed large columns to pursue the retreating French. In the evening, Kellermann's depleted cavalry brigade that had been occupied South of the field returned. Joined by a few squadrons of dragoons and other elements, Kellermann's men's perfectly timed charge rode down three Austrian grenadier battalions. Then, he rapidly reformed his troopers, charged and routed an Austrian dragoon regiment. The dragoons stampeded through the Austrian infantry columns, causing a general rout, securing a French victory in a battle that seemed all but lost just an hour earlier.
He was promoted general of division at once, but as early as the evening of the battle he resented what he thought to be an attempt to belittle his exploit. A heated controversy followed as to the influence of Kellermann's charge on the course of the battle, and in this controversy he displayed neither tact nor forbearance. However, his merits were too great for his career to be ruined either by his conduct in the dispute or by the frequent scandals, and even by the frauds, of his private life.
Napoleonic Wars
Unlike his father's, his title to fame did not rest on one fortunate opportunity. Though not the most famous, he was perhaps the ablest of all Napoleon's cavalry leaders, and distinguished himself at the Battle of Austerlitz in command of a light cavalry division on the left flank. Kellermann commanded a cavalry division under Jean-Andoche Junot in the 1807 Invasion of Portugal. At the Battle of Vimeiro he led the grenadier reserve and, after the French defeat, used his considerable diplomatic skills in negotiating the Convention of Cintra. At the Battle of Alba de Tormes on 28 November 1809, he led 3,000 troopers in a brilliant cavalry charge that routed the Duke Del Parque's Spanish army. He served with distinction on other occasions in the Peninsular War. His rapacity was notorious in Spain, yet Napoleon met his unconvincing excuses with the words, "General, whenever your name is brought before me, I think of nothing but Marengo."
He was on sick leave during the French invasion of Russia in 1812. However, in 1813 and 1814 he led the IV Cavalry Corps with conspicuous skill. He retained his rank under the first Restoration, but joined Napoleon during the Hundred Days, and commanded the III Cavalry Corps in the Waterloo campaign.
He led his squadrons in a famous cavalry charge at the Battle of Quatre Bras on 16 June 1815. In this action, Kellermann was peremptorily ordered by Marshal Michel Ney to make a frontal charge on the Anglo-Allied line with the 770 troopers of Guiton's cuirassier brigade. Against cavalry doctrine, Kellermann called for an immediate gallop so that his men would not see how badly they were outnumbered. In four separate charges, the 8th and 11th Cuirassiers broke the 69th Foot and captured a color, scattered a Hanoverian battalion and sent the 33rd and 73rd Foot fleeing for the safety of a nearby wood. The horsemen briefly seized the crucial crossroads, but the odds were too great. Unhorsed, Kellermann narrowly escaped by holding onto the stirrup of one of his cavalrymen.
At Waterloo, he was wounded. Initially, Kellermann's two divisions were deployed in support of the infantry in the left center of the line. Early on, cuirassiers — either Kellermann's or Milhaud's — destroyed a carelessly deployed Hanoverian infantry battalion. In the afternoon, Ney sent the III Cavalry Corps into a mass attack against the British infantry squares between Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte. At some time in the late afternoon, cuirassiers — possibly Kellermann's — rode down the 5th and 8th King's German Legion battalions. But the futile and repeated charges against the main Allied line failed to break a single square and used up the magnificent French cavalry.
Kellermann was disgraced at the second Restoration, and, on succeeding to his father's title and seat in the Chamber of Peers in 1820, at once took up and maintained till the fall of Charles X in 1830 an attitude of determined opposition to the Bourbons. He died on 2 June 1835.
KELLERMANN, F. is inscribed on the south pillar (21st column) of the Arc de Triomphe.
References
Bibliography
Arnold, James R. Marengo & Hohenlinden. Pen & Sword, 2005.
Balkoski, Joseph. Strategy & Tactics magazine 74, "Ney vs. Wellington: The Battle of Quatre Bras." May–June 1979.
Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998.
Weller, Jac. Wellington in the Peninsula. London: Nicholas Vane, 1962.
Attribution:
External links
1770 births
1835 deaths
Military personnel from Metz
French generals
Dukes of Valmy
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Cavalry commanders
Peers of France
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
People of the Battle of Waterloo |
Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co., 449 U.S. 456 (1981), was a United States Supreme Court case which found no violation of the equal protection or commerce clauses in a Minnesota state statute banning retail sale of milk in plastic nonreturnable, nonrefillable containers, but permitting such sale in other nonreturnable, nonrefillable containers.
Background
Facts
Minn. Stat. §116F.21 (1978) banned the retail sale of milk in plastic nonreturnable, nonrefillable containers, but permitted the sale of milk in other nonreturnable, nonrefillable containers, such as paperboard milk cartons. Respondent dairy contended that the statute violated the Equal Protection and Commerce Clauses.
Procedural history
After conducting extensive evidentiary hearings, the Minnesota court enjoined enforcement of the statute, finding that it violated the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, due process provisions of the state constitution, and the commerce clause of the Federal Constitution (Art I, 8, cl 3). The Supreme Court of Minnesota affirmed on the federal equal protection and due process grounds, without reaching the commerce clause or state law issues, holding that the discrimination against plastic nonrefillables was not rationally related to the statute's stated objectives of promoting resource conservation, easing solid waste disposal problems, and conserving energy (289 NW2d 79).
Issues
The controversy centered on the narrow issue of whether the legislative classification between plastic and nonplastic, nonreturnable milk containers was rationally related to achievement of conservation.
Opinion of the court
On certiorari, the United States Supreme Court (Brennan, J.) reversed.
Because the question was at least debatable, the state supreme court erred in substituting its judgment for the legislature's. The Court sustained §116F.21 under the Equal Protection Clause, concluding that it was rationally related to the State's objectives. From there, it followed that §116F.21 did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause. As to the Commerce Clause, the Court found that §116F.21 did not discriminate between interstate and intrastate commerce. The controlling question was whether the incidental burden imposed on interstate commerce by §116F.21 was clearly excessive in relation to the local benefits. The statute's burden on interstate commerce was relatively minor, and there was a substantial State interest involved.
It was held that (1) the ban on plastic nonreturnable milk containers was rationally related to the achievement of legitimate state purposes and thus did not violate the equal protection or due process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, since the state legislature could rationally have decided that its ban on plastic nonreturnable milk jugs might foster greater use of environmentally desirable alternatives, even though another type of nonreturnable is permitted to continue in use, having concluded that nonreturnable, nonrefillable milk containers pose environmental hazards, it was not arbitrary or irrational to ban the most recent entry into the field while in effect "grandfathering" paperboard containers, and the legislature had concluded, on evidence sufficient to make the questions at least debatable, that the statute would help to conserve energy and ease the state's solid waste disposal problem, and (2) the statute did not violate the commerce clause, since it regulated even-handedly by prohibiting all milk retailers from selling their products in plastic, nonreturnable milk containers, without regard to whether the milk, the containers, or the sellers are from out of state, the burden imposed on interstate commerce was relatively minor and was not clearly excessive in light of the substantial state interest in promoting conservation of energy and other natural resources and easing solid waste disposal problems, and no approach with a lesser impact on interstate activities was available.
Concurrence in part and dissent in part
Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr, concurring in part and dissenting in part, agreed with the disposition of the equal protection issue, but would have remanded the commerce clause issue for consideration by the Supreme Court of Minnesota.
Dissent
Justice John Paul Stevens dissented, expressing the views that (1) the Minnesota Supreme Court applied the correct legal standard in resolving the equal protection issue and that its factual findings, although contrary to the legislature's, should not have been disturbed, (2) the commerce clause issue should have been remanded to the Minnesota Supreme Court, and (3) having reached the commerce clause issue, the state trial court's factual findings should have been accepted in resolving that issue.
References
External links
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
1981 in United States case law
1981 in Minnesota
Legal history of Minnesota |
Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics is a 2008 popular science book by American theoretical physicist Leonard Susskind. The book covers the black hole information paradox, and the related scientific dispute between Stephen Hawking and Susskind. Susskind is known for his work on string theory and wrote a previous popular science book, The Cosmic Landscape, in 2005.
Overview
Hawking proposed that information is lost in black holes, and not preserved in Hawking radiation. Susskind disagreed, arguing that Hawking's conclusions violated one of the most basic scientific laws of the universe, the conservation of information. As Susskind depicts in his book, The Black Hole War was a "genuine scientific controversy" between scientists favoring an emphasis on the principles of relativity against those in favor of quantum mechanics. The debate led to the holographic principle, proposed by Gerard 't Hooft and refined by Susskind, which suggested that the information is in fact preserved, stored on the boundary of a system.
Reception
Sean M. Carroll in the Wall Street Journal praised the book for successfully explaining the topic in a way that lay readers could understand, despite the difficulty of the subject. Carroll writes that the book contains a "wealth of anecdotes", and that Susskind's "wit and storytelling abilities ... are pleasantly on display in" the book. George Johnson of The New York Times was critical of the beginning of the book, writing that the introduction on the basic concepts of relativity and quantum mechanics was excessive, especially for readers who have already read other popular science books on theoretical physics. Time Magazine'''s Lev Grossman gave the book a B+, saying that "you could dismiss it all as nerd-on-nerd violence, but then you'd miss out on Susskind explaining why the universe is actually a hologram." Jesse Cohen of the Los Angeles Times criticized the book for its "tendency to meander" with personal anecdotes, although the book "glows with the warmth of conversation." The New Scientist included the book on its 2008 editor's picks list and the Washington Post'' listed it as one of the best books of 2008 in their annual holiday shopping guide.
See also
Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet
References
2008 non-fiction books
Popular physics books |
Christopher Tostrup Paus, Count of Paus (10 September 1862 – 10 September 1943) was a Norwegian landowner, heir to the timber firm Tostrup & Mathiesen, papal chamberlain and count, known as philanthropist, art collector and socialite in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He inherited a fortune from his grandfather, timber magnate Christopher Tostrup, and lived for decades in Rome; in 1923 he bought the estate Herresta in Sweden which is still owned by descendants of his cousin Herman Paus who was married to a granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy. He gave large donations to museums in Scandinavia and to the Catholic Church, notably the Paus collection of classical sculpture that now forms part of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design. A convert to Catholicism, he was appointed as a papal chamberlain by Pope Benedict XV in 1921 and conferred the title of count by Pope Pius XI in 1923. He was the recipient of numerous papal and Scandinavian honours. He was a first cousin once removed of playwright Henrik Ibsen and was the only Ibsen relative to visit Ibsen during his decades-long exile when he wrote his most famous works.
Biography
Born in Christiania, he belonged to the Skien branch of the Paus family, and was the son of Major and War Commissioner in Molde Johan Altenborg Paus (1833–1894) and Agnes Tostrup (1839–1863). His father was a son of lawyer and judge Henrik Johan Paus (1799–1893), who owned the estate Østerhaug in Elverum, while his mother was a daughter of timber magnate Christopher Henrik Holfeldt Tostrup (1804–1881), one of the two main owners of Tostrup & Mathiesen, one of Norway's largest timber companies. Christopher Paus's father was also a first cousin of playwright Henrik Ibsen. As a young man, Christopher Paus would visit the then-famous Henrik Ibsen in Rome, where he lived. His great-grandfather Christian Lintrup was one of the pioneers of the medical profession in Norway.
Christopher Paus became a millionaire as a young man when he inherited a fortune from his maternal grandfather and his two childless uncles Oscar and Thorvald Tostrup, who were all co-owners of Tostrup & Mathiesen. His family sold their shares of Tostrup & Mathiesen to their business partners, the Mathiesen family, in the 1890s, and the company was since renamed Mathiesen Eidsvold Værk and continued under that name and as Moelven Industrier. His maternal grandfather had also owned the estate Kjellestad in Stathelle.
A convert from Lutheranism to Roman Catholicism, he was appointed a Privy Chamberlain of the Sword and Cape (Cameriere Segreto di Spada e Cappa) by Pope Benedict XV on 22 February 1921 and re-appointed by Pope Pius XI on 8 February 1922 and by Pope Pius XII on 7 March 1939. By tradition, a Norwegian Catholic would hold this position, and he succeeded Wilhelm Wedel-Jarlsberg who held the post some years earlier. He was conferred the title and rank of Count by Pope Pius XI on 25 May 1923. He bought the estate Narverød near Tønsberg (Norway) in 1892, the estate Trystorp with château in Lekeberg (Sweden) in 1914, and the estate Herresta outside Mariefred (Sweden) in 1923. In 1942, he bought the mansion Magleås outside Copenhagen in Denmark. He divided his time between his various properties in Scandinavia and Rome.
Christopher Paus is known for the Paus collection of classical sculpture that forms part of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Norway. Previously the largest private collection of classical sculpture in the Nordic countries, he donated it to the National Gallery between 1918 and 1929 as the intended foundation of a Norwegian museum or department of classical sculpture. He also made donations to museums throughout the Nordic countries and in Rome.
He died in Skodsborg in Denmark without children in 1943, and bequeathed much of his estate to select members of the Paus family. In 1938, Herresta was sold to his second cousin Herman Paus, who had married Countess Tatyana Tolstoy, a granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy; their descendants still own Herresta and other Swedish estates. Magleås was inherited by Thorleif Paus, who sold it to the Catholic Church some years later. It was held a mass for him, as a member of the Papal Court, in the Pope's private chapel on 14 September 1943 with Pope Pius XII in attendance. He is buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund in Oslo, in the same grave as his mother, maternal grandfather and other members of the Tostrup family.
Titles and honours
He was usually known as Christopher Tostrup Paus in Norway, but like some other family members he used the name de Paus abroad as an international form of the name; in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis and the Annuario Pontificio, his name is partially translated into Italian as (conte) Cristoforo de Paus.
Honours
Papal and Catholic honours
Knight of the Order of Pius IX
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
Knight Commander with star of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Knight of the Magistral Grace in gremio religionis of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (1924)
Knight Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (1923)
Gentleman of the Chamber
Scandinavian orders of knighthood
Commander with Star (Stórriddarakross með stjörnu) of the Order of the Falcon (1937) (Commander, 1924)
Commander of the Order of St. Olav (1938) (Knight First Class, 1919)
Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog (1922)
Commander of the Order of Vasa
Knight First Class of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
A list of honours as of 1934 is found in the book Den Kongelige Norske St. Olavs Orden.
Ancestry
See also
Lagergren
References
Counts in Italy
Papal counts
Papal chamberlains
Norwegian Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism
Christopher de
Knights of Malta
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Gregory the Great
Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog
Grand Knights with Star of the Order of the Falcon
Commanders of the Order of Vasa
Knights of the Order of Pope Pius IX
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Henrik Ibsen
Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour
1862 births
1943 deaths |
Victoria is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Marshall County, Mississippi, United States. Its ZIP code is 38679.
History
Victoria is located on the BNSF Railway and was incorporated on January 22, 1886. In 1900, Victoria had a population of 30, a church, and cotton gin.
In 1925, the Sunnyland passenger train derailed and tumbled down an embankment as it approached Victoria, killing 20.
It was first named as a CDP in the 2020 Census which listed a population of 1,066.
Demographics
2020 census
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
References
Unincorporated communities in Marshall County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Census-designated places in Marshall County, Mississippi |
Tisiphone ( ; ), or Tilphousia, was one of the three Erinyes or Furies. Her sisters were Alecto and Megaera. She and her sisters punished crimes of murder: parricide, fratricide and homicide.
In culture
Literature
In book I poem 3 of Tibullus's elegies, Tisiphone, unkempt with fierce snakes instead of hair, chases impious souls here and there in Tartarus.
In Book VI of Virgil's Aeneid, she is described as the guardian of the gates of Tartarus, "clothed in a blood-wet dress".
In Book X of the Aeneid, she is described as "pale" and raging "among the warring thousands" during the battle between Mezentius and Aeneas's men.
In Book IV of Ovid's Metamorphoses, she is described as a denizen of Dis who wears a dripping red robe and who has a serpent coiled around her waist. At the behest of Juno, Tisiphone drives Athamas and Ino mad with the breath of a serpent extracted from her hair and a poison made from froth from the mouth of Cerberus and Echidna's venom.
Tisiphone has a prominent role in Statius' Thebaid, where she spurs on the war between Polynices and Eteocles at the behest of their father, Oedipus. One of her more gruesome feats in the epic is to drive the hero, Tydeus, to cannibalism. In a bizarrely pastoral scene, Tisiphone first appears in the epic lounging beside the Cocytus river in the underworld, letting her serpent locks lap at the sulfuric waters.
According to one myth, she fell in love with a mortal, Cithaeron, but was spurned; in her anger she formed a poisonous snake from her hair, which bit and killed him.
In Book I of Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, the narrator calls upon her to help him to write the tragedy properly.
In Canto IX of Dante's Inferno, she appears with her sisters before the gates of Dis, threatening to unveil the Medusa.
In Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones (Book I, ch. VIII), Bridget smiles “one of those smiles which might be supposed to have come from the dimpled cheeks of the august Tisiphone.”
In the David Weber space opera In Fury Born, Tisiphone appears as an ancient Greek spirit who is mind-melded with a super-soldier Alicia Devries, and they (along with a starship AI named Megaera) save the universe from evil pirates.
Ships
was a fire ship of the Royal Navy launched in 1781 and sold for breaking up in 1816.
Astronomy
Minor planet 466 Tisiphone is named after her.
Video games
In 2020's Hades, Tisiphone appears, along with Megaera and Alecto, as one of the three potential Fury boss fights during an escape attempt. She is depicted wearing a mask and can initially only speak the word "murderer", though she eventually learns protagonist Zagreus's name if confronted enough times. In her Codex entry, Achilles describes her as the most frightening of the Furies, and "probably responsible for the particularly fearsome reputation they all share", thanks to "least [sharing] the qualities with which mortals can identify".
In 2013's God of War: Ascension, Tisiphone appears as one of the secondary antagonist, voiced by Debi Mae West. Tisiphone was one of the Furies and the sister of Alecto and Megaera, and possessed shape-shifting powers.
In Gods of Olympus, she is portrayed as someone with icy abilities. She wields an icy longsword, similar to her sister, Alecto's, which is fiery.
See also
Family tree of the Greek gods
References
External links
Furies/Erinyes
Greek goddesses
Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid
Greek underworld
Underworld goddesses |
Ruwida El-Hubti (born 16 April 1989) is an Olympic athlete from Libya. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 400 metres. She finished last in her heat with a time of 1:03.57, almost 11 seconds slower than anyone else in the heat, and the slowest of anyone in the competition. However, she did set a national record.
References
1989 births
Living people
Olympic athletes for Libya
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics |
These are a list of settlements in Lasithi, Crete, Greece.
Achladia
Agia Triada
Agios Antonios
Agios Georgios, Oropedio Lasithiou
Agios Georgios, Siteia
Agios Ioannis
Agios Konstantinos
Agios Nikolaos
Agios Stefanos
Anatoli
Apidi
Armenoi
Avrakontes
Chamezi
Chandras
Choumeriakos
Chrysopigi
Elounta
Episkopi
Exo Lakkonia
Exo Mouliana
Exo Potamoi
Ferma
Fourni
Gdochia
Goudouras
Gra Lygia
Ierapetra
Kalamafka
Kalo Chorio
Kaminaki
Karydi, Agios Nikolaos
Karydi, Itanos
Kastelli
Kato Chorio
Kato Metochi
Katsidoni
Kavousi
Koutsouras
Kritsa
Kroustas
Krya
Lagou
Lastros
Latsida
Limnes
Lithines
Loumas
Makry Gialos
Makrylia
Males
Marmaketo
Maronia
Mesa Lakkonia
Mesa Lasithi
Mesa Mouliana
Meseleroi
Milatos
Mitato
Mochlos
Monastiraki
Mournies
Myrsini
Myrtos
Mythoi
Neapoli
Nikithianos
Oreino
Pacheia Ammos
Palaikastro
Pappagiannades
Pefkoi
Perivolakia
Piskokefalo
Plati
Praisos
Prina
Psychro
Riza
Roussa Ekklisia
Schinokapsala
Sfaka
Siteia
Skinias
Skopi
Stavrochori
Stavromenos
Tourloti
Tzermiado
Vainia
Vasiliki
Voulismeni
Vrachasi
Vrouchas
Vryses
Xerokambos
Zakros
Zenia
Ziros
By municipality
See also
List of towns and villages in Greece
Lasithi |
Łabiszynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gniezno, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Gniezno and north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Villages in Gniezno County |
The World's Greatest Athlete is a 1973 American sports comedy film directed by Robert Scheerer and starring John Amos, Roscoe Lee Browne, Tim Conway, Dayle Haddon, and Jan-Michael Vincent. Released by Walt Disney Productions, it is one of the few wide-release Hollywood sports films to look at the world of track and field. In the film, two coaches (portrayed by Amos and Conway) make use of a jungle boy (played by Vincent) and have him make history by winning every event at the NCAA Track & Field Championship. The screenplay was by Dee Caruso and Gerald Gardner who also did a novelisation of the film. This film was also one of Billy De Wolfe's final roles before he died the following year.
Plot
Sam Archer (Amos) and his assistant Milo Jackson (Conway) are coaches at Merrivale College. They have lost every game in every sport which they have coached, raising the concerns of the head of the Alumni Association. With only one year left on his contract, Archer decides that he is in need of a vacation. Together, Archer and Jackson head to Zambia in Southern Africa.
While out on a safari, the pair catch sight with their guide Morumba of the Tarzan-like jungle boy named Nanu (Jan-Michael Vincent), who can outrun a cheetah in full bound. Seeing this, the coaching staff quickly whip out their recruitment pen and papers, but soon fall (literally) into the clutches of Nanu's godfather, spiritual leader Gazenga (Roscoe Lee Browne). Because Nanu is an orphan and an innocent child of the bush, Gazenga believes that throwing Nanu into the world of competitive United States college athletics would interfere with his spiritual development.
Despite Gazenga's concerns, the ambitious coaches persuade Nanu to join the Merrivale College program as Nanu brings his pet Bengal tiger Harry with him. From this point forward, the plot is driven by a combination of slapstick and suspense, for Nanu's destiny as the World's Greatest Athlete will annoy several powerful people who are used to getting their way.
Nanu's innocence, Archer's scheming, Jackson's ineptitude, Gazenga's outraged wisdom, and the Machiavellian plotting of the villains all play roles in the action as the film heads toward the final track meet. The atmosphere of American competition does indeed threaten Nanu, but he is saved from disintegration by love interest Jane Douglas (Dayle Haddon). Jane and Nanu's budding relationship angers rival Leopold Maxwell (Danny Goldman), whose attempts to sabotage the budding star build toward a crescendo as the ultimate competition approaches. The climactic track meet is peppered with commentary by ABC-TV sportscaster Howard Cosell. After his victory, Nanu decides to return home, accompanied by Jane and Harry, and Archer and Jackson bid him farewell at the airport.
In the final scene, a framing device is shown where Archer and Jackson are depicted trying to recruit a new athletic phenomenon that resides in China.
Cast
John Amos as Coach Sam Archer
Tim Conway as Milo Jackson
Jan-Michael Vincent as Nanu
Roscoe Lee Browne as Gazenga
Dayle Haddon as Jane Douglas
Billy De Wolfe as Dean Maxwell
Nancy Walker as Mrs. Petersen
Danny Goldman as Leopold Maxwell
Don Pedro Colley as Morumba
Vito Scotti as Games spectator
Liam Dunn as Dr. Winslow
Ivor Francis as Dean Bellamy
Leon Askin as Dr. Gottlieb
Joe Kapp as Announcer Buzzer Kozak
Clarence Muse as Gazenga's Assistant
Virginia Capers as Native Woman
Philip Ahn as Old Chinaman
John Lupton as Race Starter
Sarah Selby as Woman on Safari
Russ Conway as Judge with Stopwatch
Al Checco as Dr. Checco
Dick Wilson as Drunk in bar
The film also features many prolific athletes and sports journalists in small or cameo roles, including Howard Cosell, Frank Gifford, Jim McKay, Bud Palmer, Joe Kapp, and Bill Toomey.
An unidentified Bengal tiger actor was used to portray Harry, Nanu's companion and pet who he brings with him from Africa to California. As tigers are not native to Africa, Nanu explains to Archer and Jackson that Harry emigrated from India to Africa as a cub.
Production
Much of the film was shot at University of the Pacific and San Joaquin Delta College in Stockton, California, and in the Newhall neighborhood of Santa Clarita, California. The track scenes were filmed at California State University-Los Angeles. The live-action jungle scenes were shot at Caswell Memorial State Park, on the Stanislaus River outside of Ripon, California.
Release
The film opened on February 1, 1973 at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. It opened on February 7 in Los Angeles and then expanded on the 14th.
Home media
The World's Greatest Athlete was released on VHS in 1986, and on March 18, 1997. The film was also released on DVD on August 2, 2005.
Reception
Critical response
Upon the film's release, A.H. Weiler of The New York Times wrote: "It's a dream that is more often simple-minded than simple and generally as hilarious as finishing fourth in the mile run. It should be stressed, however, that this ribbing of the Tarzan myth runs a good, clean course that should grab all red-blooded sports fans up to and including the 14-year-old group. It might be added that everyone from coach Amos to Jan-Michael Vincent, in the title role, athletically tries without much success to make all this good-natured nonsense funny".
Box office
The film opened with a disappointing $125,000 in its first week in New York but was one of the most popular releases of 1973, earning $10,600,000 in theatrical rentals in the United States and Canada that year.
See also
Decathlon
List of American films of 1973
List of films about the sport of athletics
World's Greatest Athlete
References
External links
1973 films
1970s sports films
American sports comedy films
1970s English-language films
Films scored by Marvin Hamlisch
Films directed by Robert Scheerer
Athletics films
Walt Disney Pictures films
Films about orphans
Films about tigers
Films produced by Bill Walsh (producer)
Films set in universities and colleges
Films set in the United States
Films set in Zambia
Films shot in California
Films adapted into comics
Jungle adventure films
Films about animals
Films with screenplays by Dee Caruso
Films with screenplays by Gerald Gardner (scriptwriter)
1970s American films |
Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, also known as 57357 hospital after the hospital's widely published bank account number for donations, is a hospital in Cairo is a hospital specialising in children's cancer. With 320 beds, the building is the largest pediatric oncology hospital in the world.
Creation
Fundraising for the hospital, including well-attended benefit festivals, started in 1998, with a target date for opening of December 2003. It renamed itself to 57357 for a period after the bank account for donations and carried the name across the many festivals to remind people of how to donate.
The hospital eventually opened in 2007, The building only took up half the allocated plot of land, with the intention of future expansion. Each floor was themed with a different colour, for example, the basement floor was coloured aquamarine and themed with underwater discovery.
The project was funded entirely by donations, including through many small donations and with 90% of the total coming from within Egypt. It works on an "ability-to-pay" basis. One reason that the project was successful is that the Grand Mufti in Egypt had declared that the fundraising campaign would constitute a legitimate zakat.
Facilities
With 320 beds, the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt is the largest hospital in the world specialising in pediatric oncology. The hospital treats nearly half of all pediatric cancer cases in Egypt. Within the grounds there are playrooms, a library and a park.
See Also
Borg El Arab University Hospital
References
External links
Hospital buildings completed in 2007
Cancer hospitals
Children's hospitals
Child-related organisations in Egypt
Hospitals in Cairo
Hospitals established in 2007
2007 establishments in Egypt
United Arab Emirates Health Foundation Prize laureates
21st-century architecture in Egypt |
El Boquerón National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional El Boquerón, is located on top of the San Salvador Volcano at the park's main attraction is a crater five kilometers in diameter and 558 meters deep. In addition, there is a small crater within the crater named “Boqueroncito” (little Boquerón). El Boquerón has a cool temperate climate year round.
The park is home to many plant species identified as ornamentals such as “cartuchos”, hydrangeas, begonias and wild “sultanas”. There is wildlife such as armadillos, raccoons, deer, foxes, among others.
The park features a visitors' centre and short hiking trails up the side and along the rim of the crater.
References
National parks of El Salvador |
This is a list of songs that charted in the top ten of the ARIA Charts in 2022.
Top-ten singles
Key
2021 peaks
2023 peaks
Holiday season
See also
List of number-one singles of 2022 (Australia)
References
Australia Singles Top 10
Top 10 singles
Top 10 singles 2022
Australia 2022 |
Michael Ted Levin ( ; born October 20, 1978) is an American politician and attorney serving as the U.S. representative for California's 49th congressional district since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he represents most of northern coastal San Diego County, as well as part of southern Orange County.
Early life and education
Levin was born in Inglewood, California, and raised in Lake Forest, California, in South Orange County. His mother is Mexican-American and his father is Jewish. Levin was raised in both the Jewish and Catholic faiths. He attended Loyola High School in Los Angeles before attending Stanford University. At Stanford, Levin served as president of the student body. He attended law school at Duke University School of Law before returning to Orange County.
Early career
Levin co-founded CleanTech OC, a clean energy trade association in Orange County, and was profiled in an OC Metro "40 Under 40" piece for his work at FlexEnergy, a company that developed a technology to capture and use methane from landfills and wastewater treatment facilities. He was the director of government affairs at FuelCell Energy from 2014 to 2017. He also served as vice president of Better Energy Systems, a consumer-facing cleantech startup based in Berkeley, California, and on the board of directors of the Center for Sustainable Energy, an environmental organization based in San Diego. In this capacity, Levin opposed the redevelopment of Encina Power Station, arguing that "the proposed Carlsbad plant contradicts the priorities that California has established to reduce pollution across our state as it will use combustion to generate power."
Levin served as the executive director of the Democratic Party of Orange County. He later served on the National Finance Committee for Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign for President.
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
2018
On March 8, 2017, Levin announced his candidacy for United States Congress in California's 49th congressional district to replace incumbent Representative Darrell Issa. The district had historically been one of Southern California's more Republican districts, but redistricting after the 2010 census cut out most of its heavily Republican inland portion, making it significantly more competitive. Issa had nearly been defeated in 2016 as Hillary Clinton carried the district.
At a town hall event that Issa held on March 11, 2017, Levin publicly confronted Issa and mentioned a book he had sent Issa in 2016, Climate Change for Beginners. Levin charged that Issa's solution to climate problems "is to build more natural gas plants and to keep the nuclear energy plants online for longer.... I think that's an unfathomable proposal for a progressive and environmentally-friendly place like San Diego." On January 10, 2018, Issa announced his retirement.
Levin campaigned with a platform focused on energy and environmental issues.
Due to the competitive character of the race as well as the absence of an incumbent, there were 16 candidates on the ballot in the primary. The large number of candidates in the nonpartisan blanket primary led to fears that Democrats would be locked out of the general election.
In the June 5 primary, Levin came in second to Republican State Board of Equalization chair Diane Harkey and advanced to the general election. This assured that the district would be represented by someone from the Orange County portion of the district, though the 49th is a San Diego district by weight of population. Levin is from San Juan Capistrano, while Harkey is from nearby Dana Point.
Barack Obama endorsed Levin as well as other candidates.
2020
In the 2020 general election, Levin defeated Republican Brian Maryott with 53.1% of the vote.
2022
In the 2022 general election, Levin again defeated Republican Brian Maryott, this time with 52.6% of the vote.
Tenure
As of October 2022, Levin had voted in line with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time.
Committee assignments
For the 118th Congress:
Committee on Natural Resources
Subcommittee on Federal Lands
Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries
Committee on Veterans' Affairs
Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Health
Caucus memberships
Congressional Hispanic Caucus
Congressional Progressive Caucus
Sustainable Energy and Environment Coalition
Freshmen Working Group on Addiction
Gun Violence Prevention Task Force
Safe Climate Caucus
California Aerospace Caucus
End Corruption Caucus
House Pro-Choice Caucus
Political positions
Abortion
Levin has a 100% rating from NARAL Pro-Choice America and an F rating from the Susan B. Anthony List for his voting record on abortion-related issues. He has emphasized his support for "a woman's right to a safe, legal abortion".
Climate change
Levin has prioritized addressing climate change, which has garnered attention from national media outlets covering energy and environmental issues. During the 2022 elections, these outlets considered his reelection bid a high-profile race. Levin voted for the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, the largest climate policy ever passed by Congress.
Levin has expressed support for the Green New Deal, a comprehensive plan to address climate change.
Levin supported the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
Infrastructure
Levin supported the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, a bill to address the country's infrastructure needs through investments in rebuilding and modernization. The legislation also funds new initiatives aimed at enhancing the resilience of infrastructure against the effects of climate change and expanding the reach of broadband infrastructure. It passed with bipartisan support.
Levin is a proponent of moving the Pacific Surfliner railway line, which runs along the coastal bluffs of Del Mar, to a safer location. He is actively pushing for additional Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act funding to be allocated for a rail tunnel under Del Mar, with the goal of completing the project by 2035.
Gun policy
In 2022, Levin voted for H.R. 1808: Assault Weapons Ban of 2022, aimed at banning the sale and distribution of certain types of firearms. He also supported the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act, which was passed and signed into law, a comprehensive bill aimed at strengthening gun safety regulations. This bill was widely recognized as a significant step forward in addressing gun violence, with CNN calling it "the most significant new federal gun safety measure in decades."
Voting rights
Levin voted for the For the People Act, a bill intended to expand voting rights.
Personal life
Levin lives in San Juan Capistrano with his wife, Chrissy, and their two children.
Electoral history
See also
List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress
List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
References
External links
Congressman Mike Levin official U.S. House website
Mike Levin for Congress campaign website
|-
1978 births
American environmentalists
American politicians of Mexican descent
Candidates in the 2018 United States elections
Hispanic and Latino American members of the United States Congress
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
Living people
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
Politicians from Orange County, California
21st-century American Jews
Duke University School of Law alumni |
```objective-c
//===- DWARFDebugPubTable.h -------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#ifndef LLVM_DEBUGINFO_DWARF_DWARFDEBUGPUBTABLE_H
#define LLVM_DEBUGINFO_DWARF_DWARFDEBUGPUBTABLE_H
#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/BinaryFormat/Dwarf.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFObject.h"
#include <cstdint>
#include <vector>
namespace llvm {
class raw_ostream;
/// Represents structure for holding and parsing .debug_pub* tables.
class DWARFDebugPubTable {
public:
struct Entry {
/// Section offset from the beginning of the compilation unit.
uint64_t SecOffset;
/// An entry of the various gnu_pub* debug sections.
dwarf::PubIndexEntryDescriptor Descriptor;
/// The name of the object as given by the DW_AT_name attribute of the
/// referenced DIE.
StringRef Name;
};
/// Each table consists of sets of variable length entries. Each set describes
/// the names of global objects and functions, or global types, respectively,
/// whose definitions are represented by debugging information entries owned
/// by a single compilation unit.
struct Set {
/// The total length of the entries for that set, not including the length
/// field itself.
uint32_t Length;
/// This number is specific to the name lookup table and is independent of
/// the DWARF version number.
uint16_t Version;
/// The offset from the beginning of the .debug_info section of the
/// compilation unit header referenced by the set.
uint64_t Offset;
/// The size in bytes of the contents of the .debug_info section generated
/// to represent that compilation unit.
uint32_t Size;
std::vector<Entry> Entries;
};
private:
std::vector<Set> Sets;
/// gnu styled tables contains additional information.
/// This flag determines whether or not section we parse is debug_gnu* table.
bool GnuStyle;
public:
DWARFDebugPubTable(const DWARFObject &Obj, const DWARFSection &Sec,
bool LittleEndian, bool GnuStyle);
void dump(raw_ostream &OS) const;
ArrayRef<Set> getData() { return Sets; }
};
} // end namespace llvm
#endif // LLVM_DEBUGINFO_DWARF_DWARFDEBUGPUBTABLE_H
``` |
Matter is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the general field of materials science. It is published by Cell Press and the editor-in-chief is Steven W. Cranford.
External links
Academic journals established in 2019
Cell Press academic journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Materials science journals |
```kotlin
package net.corda.node.services.persistence
import net.corda.core.concurrent.CordaFuture
import net.corda.core.crypto.SecureHash
import net.corda.core.crypto.TransactionSignature
import net.corda.core.flows.TransactionMetadata
import net.corda.core.identity.CordaX500Name
import net.corda.core.internal.NamedCacheFactory
import net.corda.core.internal.ThreadBox
import net.corda.core.internal.VisibleForTesting
import net.corda.core.internal.bufferUntilSubscribed
import net.corda.core.internal.concurrent.doneFuture
import net.corda.core.messaging.DataFeed
import net.corda.core.node.services.SignedTransactionWithStatus
import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializationContext
import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializationDefaults
import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializedBytes
import net.corda.core.serialization.SingletonSerializeAsToken
import net.corda.core.serialization.deserialize
import net.corda.core.serialization.internal.effectiveSerializationEnv
import net.corda.core.serialization.serialize
import net.corda.core.toFuture
import net.corda.core.transactions.CoreTransaction
import net.corda.core.transactions.SignedTransaction
import net.corda.core.transactions.WireTransaction
import net.corda.core.utilities.contextLogger
import net.corda.core.utilities.debug
import net.corda.node.CordaClock
import net.corda.node.services.api.WritableTransactionStorage
import net.corda.node.services.statemachine.FlowStateMachineImpl
import net.corda.node.utilities.AppendOnlyPersistentMapBase
import net.corda.node.utilities.WeightBasedAppendOnlyPersistentMap
import net.corda.nodeapi.internal.persistence.CordaPersistence
import net.corda.nodeapi.internal.persistence.NODE_DATABASE_PREFIX
import net.corda.nodeapi.internal.persistence.bufferUntilDatabaseCommit
import net.corda.nodeapi.internal.persistence.contextTransactionOrNull
import net.corda.nodeapi.internal.persistence.currentDBSession
import net.corda.nodeapi.internal.persistence.wrapWithDatabaseTransaction
import net.corda.serialization.internal.CordaSerializationEncoding.SNAPPY
import org.hibernate.annotations.Type
import rx.Observable
import rx.subjects.PublishSubject
import java.time.Instant
import java.util.Collections
import javax.persistence.AttributeConverter
import javax.persistence.Column
import javax.persistence.Convert
import javax.persistence.Converter
import javax.persistence.Entity
import javax.persistence.Id
import javax.persistence.Lob
import javax.persistence.Table
@Suppress("TooManyFunctions")
open class DBTransactionStorage(private val database: CordaPersistence, cacheFactory: NamedCacheFactory,
private val clock: CordaClock) : WritableTransactionStorage, SingletonSerializeAsToken() {
@Suppress("MagicNumber") // database column width
@Entity
@Table(name = "${NODE_DATABASE_PREFIX}transactions")
data class DBTransaction(
@Id
@Column(name = "tx_id", length = 144, nullable = false)
val txId: String,
@Column(name = "state_machine_run_id", length = 36, nullable = true)
val stateMachineRunId: String?,
@Lob
@Column(name = "transaction_value", nullable = false)
val transaction: ByteArray,
@Column(name = "status", nullable = false, length = 1)
@Convert(converter = TransactionStatusConverter::class)
val status: TransactionStatus,
@Column(name = "timestamp", nullable = false)
val timestamp: Instant,
@Column(name = "signatures")
@Type(type = "corda-blob")
val signatures: ByteArray?
)
enum class TransactionStatus {
UNVERIFIED,
VERIFIED,
IN_FLIGHT;
fun toDatabaseValue(): String {
return when (this) {
UNVERIFIED -> "U"
VERIFIED -> "V"
IN_FLIGHT -> "F"
}
}
fun isVerified(): Boolean {
return this == VERIFIED
}
fun toTransactionStatus(): net.corda.core.node.services.TransactionStatus {
return when(this) {
UNVERIFIED -> net.corda.core.node.services.TransactionStatus.UNVERIFIED
VERIFIED -> net.corda.core.node.services.TransactionStatus.VERIFIED
IN_FLIGHT -> net.corda.core.node.services.TransactionStatus.IN_FLIGHT
}
}
companion object {
fun fromDatabaseValue(databaseValue: String): TransactionStatus {
return when (databaseValue) {
"V" -> VERIFIED
"U" -> UNVERIFIED
"F" -> IN_FLIGHT
else -> throw UnexpectedStatusValueException(databaseValue)
}
}
}
private class UnexpectedStatusValueException(status: String) : Exception("Found unexpected status value $status in transaction store")
}
@Converter
class TransactionStatusConverter : AttributeConverter<TransactionStatus, String> {
override fun convertToDatabaseColumn(attribute: TransactionStatus): String {
return attribute.toDatabaseValue()
}
override fun convertToEntityAttribute(dbData: String): TransactionStatus {
return TransactionStatus.fromDatabaseValue(dbData)
}
}
internal companion object {
const val TRANSACTION_ALREADY_IN_PROGRESS_WARNING = "trackTransaction is called with an already existing, open DB transaction. As a result, there might be transactions missing from the returned data feed, because of race conditions."
// Rough estimate for the average of a public key and the transaction metadata - hard to get exact figures here,
// as public keys can vary in size a lot, and if someone else is holding a reference to the key, it won't add
// to the memory pressure at all here.
private const val TRANSACTION_SIGNATURE_OVERHEAD_BYTES = 1024
private const val TXCACHEVALUE_OVERHEAD_BYTES = 80
private const val SECUREHASH_OVERHEAD_BYTES = 24
private val logger = contextLogger()
fun contextToUse(): SerializationContext {
return if (effectiveSerializationEnv.serializationFactory.currentContext?.useCase == SerializationContext.UseCase.Storage) {
effectiveSerializationEnv.serializationFactory.currentContext!!
} else {
SerializationDefaults.STORAGE_CONTEXT
}
}
private fun createTransactionsMap(cacheFactory: NamedCacheFactory, clock: CordaClock)
: AppendOnlyPersistentMapBase<SecureHash, TxCacheValue, DBTransaction, String> {
return WeightBasedAppendOnlyPersistentMap(
cacheFactory = cacheFactory,
name = "DBTransactionStorage_transactions",
toPersistentEntityKey = SecureHash::toString,
fromPersistentEntity = { dbTxn ->
SecureHash.create(dbTxn.txId) to TxCacheValue(
dbTxn.transaction.deserialize(context = contextToUse()),
dbTxn.status,
dbTxn.signatures?.deserialize(context = contextToUse())
)
},
toPersistentEntity = { key: SecureHash, value: TxCacheValue ->
DBTransaction(
txId = key.toString(),
stateMachineRunId = FlowStateMachineImpl.currentStateMachine()?.id?.uuid?.toString(),
transaction = value.toSignedTx().serialize(context = contextToUse().withEncoding(SNAPPY)).bytes,
status = value.status,
timestamp = clock.instant(),
signatures = value.sigs.serialize(context = contextToUse().withEncoding(SNAPPY)).bytes
)
},
persistentEntityClass = DBTransaction::class.java,
weighingFunc = { hash, tx -> SECUREHASH_OVERHEAD_BYTES + hash.size + weighTx(tx) }
)
}
private fun weighTx(actTx: TxCacheValue?): Int {
if (actTx == null) return 0
return TXCACHEVALUE_OVERHEAD_BYTES + actTx.sigs.sumOf { it.size + TRANSACTION_SIGNATURE_OVERHEAD_BYTES } + actTx.txBits.size
}
private val log = contextLogger()
}
private val txStorage = ThreadBox(createTransactionsMap(cacheFactory, clock))
private fun updateTransaction(txId: SecureHash): Boolean {
val session = currentDBSession()
val criteriaBuilder = session.criteriaBuilder
val criteriaUpdate = criteriaBuilder.createCriteriaUpdate(DBTransaction::class.java)
val updateRoot = criteriaUpdate.from(DBTransaction::class.java)
criteriaUpdate.set(updateRoot.get<TransactionStatus>(DBTransaction::status.name), TransactionStatus.VERIFIED)
criteriaUpdate.where(criteriaBuilder.and(
criteriaBuilder.equal(updateRoot.get<String>(DBTransaction::txId.name), txId.toString()),
criteriaBuilder.and(updateRoot.get<TransactionStatus>(DBTransaction::status.name).`in`(setOf(TransactionStatus.UNVERIFIED, TransactionStatus.IN_FLIGHT))
)))
criteriaUpdate.set(updateRoot.get<Instant>(DBTransaction::timestamp.name), clock.instant())
val update = session.createQuery(criteriaUpdate)
val rowsUpdated = update.executeUpdate()
return rowsUpdated != 0
}
override fun addTransaction(transaction: SignedTransaction) =
addTransaction(transaction) {
updateTransaction(transaction.id)
}
override fun addUnnotarisedTransaction(transaction: SignedTransaction) =
addTransaction(transaction, TransactionStatus.IN_FLIGHT) {
false
}
override fun addSenderTransactionRecoveryMetadata(txId: SecureHash, metadata: TransactionMetadata): ByteArray? { return null }
override fun addReceiverTransactionRecoveryMetadata(txId: SecureHash,
sender: CordaX500Name,
metadata: TransactionMetadata
) { }
override fun finalizeTransaction(transaction: SignedTransaction) =
addTransaction(transaction) {
false
}
override fun removeUnnotarisedTransaction(id: SecureHash): Boolean {
return database.transaction {
val criteriaBuilder = session.criteriaBuilder
val delete = criteriaBuilder.createCriteriaDelete(DBTransaction::class.java)
val root = delete.from(DBTransaction::class.java)
delete.where(criteriaBuilder.and(
criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get<String>(DBTransaction::txId.name), id.toString()),
criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get<TransactionStatus>(DBTransaction::status.name), TransactionStatus.IN_FLIGHT)
))
if (session.createQuery(delete).executeUpdate() != 0) {
txStorage.locked {
txStorage.content.clear(id)
txStorage.content[id]
logger.debug { "Un-notarised transaction $id has been removed." }
}
true
} else false
}
}
override fun finalizeTransactionWithExtraSignatures(transaction: SignedTransaction, signatures: Collection<TransactionSignature>) =
addTransaction(transaction + signatures) {
finalizeTransactionWithExtraSignatures(transaction.id, signatures)
}
protected fun addTransaction(transaction: SignedTransaction,
status: TransactionStatus = TransactionStatus.VERIFIED,
updateFn: (SecureHash) -> Boolean): Boolean {
return database.transaction {
txStorage.locked {
val cachedValue = TxCacheValue(transaction, status)
val addedOrUpdated = addOrUpdate(transaction.id, cachedValue) { k, _ -> updateFn(k) }
if (addedOrUpdated) {
logger.debug { "Transaction ${transaction.id} has been recorded as $status" }
if (status.isVerified())
onNewTx(transaction)
true
} else {
logger.debug { "Transaction ${transaction.id} is already recorded as $status, so no need to re-record" }
false
}
}
}
}
private fun finalizeTransactionWithExtraSignatures(txId: SecureHash, signatures: Collection<TransactionSignature>): Boolean {
return txStorage.locked {
val session = currentDBSession()
val criteriaBuilder = session.criteriaBuilder
val criteriaUpdate = criteriaBuilder.createCriteriaUpdate(DBTransaction::class.java)
val updateRoot = criteriaUpdate.from(DBTransaction::class.java)
criteriaUpdate.set(updateRoot.get<ByteArray>(DBTransaction::signatures.name), signatures.serialize(context = contextToUse().withEncoding(SNAPPY)).bytes)
criteriaUpdate.set(updateRoot.get<TransactionStatus>(DBTransaction::status.name), TransactionStatus.VERIFIED)
criteriaUpdate.where(criteriaBuilder.and(
criteriaBuilder.equal(updateRoot.get<String>(DBTransaction::txId.name), txId.toString()),
criteriaBuilder.equal(updateRoot.get<TransactionStatus>(DBTransaction::status.name), TransactionStatus.IN_FLIGHT)
))
criteriaUpdate.set(updateRoot.get<Instant>(DBTransaction::timestamp.name), clock.instant())
val update = session.createQuery(criteriaUpdate)
val rowsUpdated = update.executeUpdate()
if (rowsUpdated == 0) {
val criteriaUpdateUnverified = criteriaBuilder.createCriteriaUpdate(DBTransaction::class.java)
val updateRootUnverified = criteriaUpdateUnverified.from(DBTransaction::class.java)
criteriaUpdateUnverified.set(updateRootUnverified.get<ByteArray>(DBTransaction::signatures.name), signatures.serialize(context = contextToUse().withEncoding(SNAPPY)).bytes)
criteriaUpdateUnverified.set(updateRootUnverified.get<TransactionStatus>(DBTransaction::status.name), TransactionStatus.VERIFIED)
criteriaUpdateUnverified.where(criteriaBuilder.and(
criteriaBuilder.equal(updateRootUnverified.get<String>(DBTransaction::txId.name), txId.toString()),
criteriaBuilder.equal(updateRootUnverified.get<TransactionStatus>(DBTransaction::status.name), TransactionStatus.UNVERIFIED)
))
criteriaUpdateUnverified.set(updateRootUnverified.get<Instant>(DBTransaction::timestamp.name), clock.instant())
val updateUnverified = session.createQuery(criteriaUpdateUnverified)
val rowsUpdatedUnverified = updateUnverified.executeUpdate()
rowsUpdatedUnverified != 0
} else true
}
}
private fun onNewTx(transaction: SignedTransaction): Boolean {
updatesPublisher.bufferUntilDatabaseCommit().onNext(transaction)
return true
}
override fun getTransaction(id: SecureHash): SignedTransaction? {
return database.transaction {
txStorage.content[id]?.let { if (it.status.isVerified()) it.toSignedTx() else null }
}
}
override fun getTransactionWithStatus(id: SecureHash): SignedTransactionWithStatus? =
database.transaction {
txStorage.content[id]?.let { SignedTransactionWithStatus(it.toSignedTx(), it.status.toTransactionStatus()) }
}
override fun addUnverifiedTransaction(transaction: SignedTransaction) {
if (transaction.coreTransaction is WireTransaction)
transaction.verifyRequiredSignatures()
database.transaction {
txStorage.locked {
val cacheValue = TxCacheValue(transaction, status = TransactionStatus.UNVERIFIED)
val added = addWithDuplicatesAllowed(transaction.id, cacheValue) { k, v, existingEntry ->
if (existingEntry.status == TransactionStatus.IN_FLIGHT) {
session.merge(toPersistentEntity(k, v))
true
} else false
}
if (added) {
logger.debug { "Transaction ${transaction.id} recorded as unverified." }
} else {
logger.info("Transaction ${transaction.id} already exists so no need to record.")
}
}
}
}
private val updatesPublisher = PublishSubject.create<SignedTransaction>().toSerialized()
override val updates: Observable<SignedTransaction> = updatesPublisher.wrapWithDatabaseTransaction()
override fun track(): DataFeed<List<SignedTransaction>, SignedTransaction> {
return database.transaction {
txStorage.locked {
DataFeed(snapshot(), updates.bufferUntilSubscribed())
}
}
}
override fun trackTransaction(id: SecureHash): CordaFuture<SignedTransaction> {
val (transaction, warning) = trackTransactionInternal(id)
warning?.also { log.warn(it) }
return transaction
}
/**
* @return a pair of the signed transaction, and a string containing any warning.
*/
internal fun trackTransactionInternal(id: SecureHash): Pair<CordaFuture<SignedTransaction>, String?> {
val warning: String? = if (contextTransactionOrNull != null) {
TRANSACTION_ALREADY_IN_PROGRESS_WARNING
} else {
null
}
return Pair(trackTransactionWithNoWarning(id), warning)
}
override fun trackTransactionWithNoWarning(id: SecureHash): CordaFuture<SignedTransaction> {
val updateFuture = updates.filter { it.id == id }.toFuture()
return database.transaction {
txStorage.locked {
val existingTransaction = getTransaction(id)
if (existingTransaction == null) {
updateFuture
} else {
updateFuture.cancel(false)
doneFuture(existingTransaction)
}
}
}
}
@VisibleForTesting
val transactions: List<SignedTransaction>
get() = database.transaction { snapshot() }
private fun snapshot(): List<SignedTransaction> {
return txStorage.content.allPersisted.use {
it.filter { it.second.status.isVerified() }.map { it.second.toSignedTx() }.toList()
}
}
// Cache value type to just store the immutable bits of a signed transaction plus conversion helpers
internal class TxCacheValue(
val txBits: SerializedBytes<CoreTransaction>,
val sigs: List<TransactionSignature>,
val status: TransactionStatus
) {
constructor(stx: SignedTransaction, status: TransactionStatus) : this(
stx.txBits,
Collections.unmodifiableList(stx.sigs),
status
)
constructor(stx: SignedTransaction, status: TransactionStatus, sigs: List<TransactionSignature>?) : this(
stx.txBits,
if (sigs == null) Collections.unmodifiableList(stx.sigs) else Collections.unmodifiableList(stx.sigs + sigs).distinct(),
status
)
fun toSignedTx() = SignedTransaction(txBits, sigs)
}
}
``` |
Vučkovica is a village located in the municipality of Lučani, southwestern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 326 inhabitants. There is an artificial lake "Goli Kamen" located in the village; it was built in 1990 and covers an area of 7.6 hectares.
References
Populated places in Moravica District |
Stephanie Del Valle Díaz (born December 30, 1996) is a Puerto Rican musician, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss World 2016. She is the second woman from Puerto Rico to win the Miss World title, after Wilnelia Merced in 1975. She previously won Miss Mundo de Puerto Rico 2016.
Career
Del Valle is attending Pace University in New York City, where she is studying law and also communication. Prior to competing in beauty pageants, Del Valle was the muse to Puerto Rican fashion designer Carlos Alberto. Del Valle speaks three languages; Spanish, English and French.
Pageantry
Miss World Puerto Rico
Del Valle competed in the Miss Mundo de Puerto Rico in the year 2016, representing the municipality of Toa Baja. She eventually won the title of Miss World Puerto Rico 2016, and was crowned by the outgoing titleholder Keysi Marie Vargas Vélez. She also won the Talent competition in the pageant.
Miss World 2016
She represented Puerto Rico at the Miss World 2016 pageant which was held in Oxon Hill, Maryland, United States. She made it to the Top 21 in the Miss World Talent round. During the grand finale, Del Valle, as one of the Top 5 finalists was asked - “If you had an opportunity to change something about the world, what would it be?” She replied by stating:
She was eventually crowned as Miss World 2016 at the event by the outgoing Miss World 2015, Mireia Lalaguna of Spain. The event was venued in MGM National Harbor, Oxon Hill, Maryland, United States and held on December 18, 2016. This is the second time Puerto Rico had won the Miss World crown, after Wilnelia Merced, Miss World 1975.
During her capacity as Miss World, she traveled to China, United Kingdom, United States, Indonesia, India, South Africa, Philippines, and numerous trips around Puerto Rico.
Miss World 2021
Del Valle was set to co-host Miss World 2021 alongside Peter Andre and Fernando Allende at the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum, though the December final was postponed to March 2022 due to the Omicron variant ramping cases on the island and leaving 23 out of the 97 contestants to test positive for the virus.
A month before the finale's new date, Del Valle and her nonprofit organization Reignite Puerto Rico were served with a lawsuit of alleging a breach of contract and embezzlement with the organization Puerto Rico with a Purpose (led by venture capitalist Brock Pierce) after the pageant's initial cancellation in December 2021, demanding for a minimum of 1.25 million in back payments. They are also claiming $1.5 million for damages against the non-profit organization.
Del Valle went on the record on her social media and on Puerto Rican television to refute the lawsuit, stating that "[The] allegations are baseless, completely false." Del Valle and her parents then countersued Puerto Rico with a Purpose for $31 million for 'emotional damages caused by the alleged defamation against the former beauty queen.
On February 28, 2022, Del Valle took to Instagram to announce she would no longer be hosting the pageant's 70th edition, claiming "It is contrary to my ethics and moral principles to continue working with an organization that has acted in a defamatory, frivolous and unfair manner; solely for the purpose of causing harm."
On March 10, 2022, the Miss World organization sent out a press release from CEO and Chairman Julia Morely stating that "[...] part of the information that was being spread in the media was simply not true." Puerto Rico with a Purpose's lawsuit against Del Valle and Del Valle's countersuit are still active.
Personal life
Del Valle is in a relationship with actor and TV presenter Barney Walsh, the son of Bradley Walsh.
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
History of women in Puerto Rico
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
Puerto Rican beauty pageant winners
Miss World winners
Models from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Musicians from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Pace University alumni
Miss Puerto Rico winners
Miss World 2016 delegates |
Alvington is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, England, situated on the A48 road, six miles north-east of Chepstow in Wales. The parish had a total population of 506 at the 2011 census.
History of Alvington
Alvington was one of a number of hamlets dotted along the River Severn, following the former Roman road leading from Newnham on Severn to Chepstow. The manor of Alvington is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name ‘Alwintune’, then part of the Herefordshire hundred of Bromsash, held by Turstin FitzRolf. During the 12th century, Alvington joined Gloucestershire as part of the Bledisloe hundred, and became a separate parish. During the late Middle Ages Alvington parish and manor were under the ownership of Llanthony Priory (in Gloucester) which was dissolved in 1539. The lord of the manor's seat was situated in Clanna Falls around one mile from the village. In its history Alvington, has variously boasted two smithies, a small brewery, a small engineering works and several shops.
Society and amenities
Alvington's population had varied somewhere between 300 and 500 since the mid-19th century. During the 1960s the development of a council estate increased the size of the village. The village lies at the edge of the Forest of Dean, which was once an important coal-producing area. There is a strong agricultural influence in the village today, although historically this would have been more evident and many of the population now work outside of the village and its immediate surroundings.
There used to be a village school in Alvington dating back to around 1850, however the last remnants of what became Alvington Church of England School closed in 1958.
Today, Alvington has little in the way of shops and villagers have to travel to the nearby town of Lydney for most services beyond those served by the local petrol station, which acts as the village shop. There are three public houses in Alvington: The Blacksmith's Arms; The Globe Inn (which reopened in November 2014); and The Swan Inn (currently closed but having renovations). The Globe Inn dates back to around 1805. The Blacksmith's Arms dates back the late nineteenth-century in a building that was formerly a smithy (hence the pub's current name). The Swan Inn (now the Swan House Tea Rooms) lies on the border of Alvington and neighbouring Woolaston (also classed as Colne Valley), and once contained a mill in its early days.
St. Andrew’s church
Built by Llanthony Priory around 1140, the church was originally named St. Mary's, until it took its current name of St. Andrew’s in 1523. In 1858 the church underwent substantial restoration leaving only one small Norman architecture window to reveal its Norman origins. St. Andrew's, Alvington is in the Parish of Woolaston and Alvington, in the Deanery of Forest South under the Diocese of Gloucester. St. Andrew's, Alvington is found on Church Lane and a village hall was built nearby in 1924.
Transport
Alvington lies on the A48 road, which runs from Chepstow in Monmouthshire, Wales, to Gloucester, England. The nearest railway stations can also be found in Lydney (on local trains from Gloucester) and Chepstow on more regular national routes. The Stagecoach West number 24 bus serves the village on its Chepstow to Cinderford route from Mondays to Saturdays.
Politics
Alvington is represented by the county councillor for Tidenham division and the two district councillors for Alvington, Aylburton and West Lydney ward in the Forest of Dean District Council. The Forest of Dean is represented in Parliament by Mark Harper MP (Conservative Party).
Sport
Alvington and Woolaston Cricket Club was founded in 1983, originally playing at Woolaston Primary School, they now play their home fixtures in Alvington. The club competes in the K. W. Bell Forest League and the Forest Mid-Week League. Alvington football team reformed in 2016 after 40 years.
Paranormal activity
The village has been at the centre of a number of paranormal claims in recent years. In 2009 local resident David Crook claimed to have spotted bright lights in the sky above the playing fields. The lights burned brightly in the sky to such an extent that David rushed into the village, knocking on doors, to warn local residents.
The lights turned out to be a child up a tree with a torch. But David to this day still claims it was aliens.
References
External links
Information on upcoming events and latest news in Alvington
Alvington and Woolaston Cricket Club fixture list
For photos of Alvington and surrounding area on geograph
Forest of Dean
Villages in Gloucestershire |
In combustion, Frank-Kamenetskii theory explains the thermal explosion of a homogeneous mixture of reactants, kept inside a closed vessel with constant temperature walls. It is named after a Russian scientist David A. Frank-Kamenetskii, who along with Nikolay Semenov developed the theory in the 1930s.
Problem descriptionLinan, Amable, and Forman Arthur Williams. "Fundamental aspects of combustion." (1993).Buckmaster, John David, and Geoffrey Stuart Stephen Ludford. Theory of laminar flames. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Consider a vessel maintained at a constant temperature , containing a homogeneous reacting mixture. Let the characteristic size of the vessel be . Since the mixture is homogeneous, the density is constant. During the initial period of ignition, the consumption of reactant concentration is negligible (see and below), thus the explosion is governed only by the energy equation. Assuming a one-step global reaction , where is the amount of heat released per unit mass of fuel consumed, and a reaction rate governed by Arrhenius law, the energy equation becomes
where
Non-dimensionalization
Non-dimensional scales of time, temperature, length, and heat transfer may be defined as
where
Note
In a typical combustion process, so that .
Therefore, . That is, fuel consumption time is much longer than ignition time, so fuel consumption is essentially negligible in the study of ignition.
This is why the fuel concentration is assumed to remain the initial fuel concentration .
Substituting the non-dimensional variables in the energy equation from the introduction
Since , the exponential term can be linearized , hence
At , we have and for , needs to satisfy and
Semenov theory
Before Frank-Kamenetskii, his doctoral advisor Nikolay Semyonov (or Semenov) proposed a thermal explosion theory with a simpler model with which he assumed a linear function for the heat conduction process instead of the Laplacian operator. Semenov's equation reads as
in which the exponential term will tend to increase as time proceeds whereas the linear term will tend to decrease . The relevant importance between the two terms are determined by the Damköhler number . The numerical solution of the above equation for different values of is shown in the figure.
Steady-state regime
When , the linear term eventually dominates and the system is able to reach a steady state as . At steady state (), the balance is given by the equation
where represents the Lambert W function. From the properties of Lambert W function, it is easy to see that the steady state temperature provided by the above equation exists only when , where is called as Frank-Kamenetskii parameter as a critical point where the system bifurcates from the existence of steady state to explosive state at large times.
Explosive regime
For , the system explodes since the exponential term dominates as time proceeds. We do not need to wait for a long time for to blow up. Because of the exponential forcing, at a finite value of . This time is interpreted as the ignition time or induction time of the system. When , the heat conduction term can be neglected in which case the problem admits an explicit solution,
At time , the system explodes. This time is also referred to as the adiabatic induction period since the heat conduction term is neglected.
In the near-critical condition, i.e., when , the system takes very long time to explode. The analysis for this limit was first carried out by Frank-Kamenetskii., although proper asymptotics were carried out only later by D. R. Kassoy and Amable Liñán including reactant consumption because reactant consumption is not negligible when . A simplified analysis without reactant consumption is presented here. Let us define a small parameter such that . For this case, the time evolution of is as follows: first it increases to steady-state temperature value corresponding to , which is given by at times of order , then it stays very close to this steady-state value for a long time before eventually exploding at a long time. The quantity of interest is the long-time estimate for the explosion. To find out the estimate, introduce the transformations and that is appropriate for the region where stays close to into the governing equation and collect only the leading-order terms to find out
where the boundary condition is derived by matching with the initial region wherein . The solution to the above-mentioned problem is given by
which immediately reveals that when Writing this condition in terms of , the explosion time in the near-critical condition is found to be
which implies that the ignition time as with a square-root singularity.
Frank-Kamenetskii steady-state theoryLewis, Bernard, and Guenther Von Elbe. Combustion, flames and explosions of gases. Elsevier, 2012.
The only parameter which characterizes the explosion is the Damköhler number . When is very high, conduction time is longer than the chemical reaction time and the system explodes with high temperature since there is not enough time for conduction to remove the heat. On the other hand, when is very low, heat conduction time is much faster than the chemical reaction time, such that all the heat produced by the chemical reaction is immediately conducted to the wall, thus there is no explosion, it goes to an almost steady state, Amable Liñán coined this mode as slowly reacting mode. At a critical Damköhler number the system goes from slowly reacting mode to explosive mode. Therefore, , the system is in steady state. Instead of solving the full problem to find this , Frank-Kamenetskii solved the steady state problem for various Damköhler number until the critical value, beyond which no steady solution exists. So the problem to be solved is
with boundary conditions
the second condition is due to the symmetry of the vessel. The above equation is special case of Liouville–Bratu–Gelfand equation in mathematics.
Planar vessel
For planar vessel, there is an exact solution. Here , then
If the transformations and , where is the maximum temperature which occurs at due to symmetry, are introduced
Integrating once and using the second boundary condition, the equation becomes
and integrating again
The above equation is the exact solution, but maximum temperature is unknown, but we have not used the boundary condition of the wall yet. Thus using the wall boundary condition at , the maximum temperature is obtained from an implicit expression,
Critical is obtained by finding the maximum point of the equation (see figure), i.e., at .
So the critical Frank-Kamentskii parameter is . The system has no steady state (or explodes) for and for , the system goes to a steady state with very slow reaction.
Cylindrical vessel
For cylindrical vessel, there is an exact solution. Though Frank-Kamentskii used numerical integration assuming there is no explicit solution, Paul L. Chambré provided an exact solution in 1952. H. Lemke also solved provided a solution in a somewhat different form in 1913. Here , then
If the transformations and are introduced
The general solution is . But from the symmetry condition at the centre. Writing back in original variable, the equation reads,
But the original equation multiplied by is
Now subtracting the last two equation from one another leads to
This equation is easy to solve because it involves only the derivatives, so letting transforms the equation
This is a Bernoulli differential equation of order , a type of Riccati equation. The solution is
Integrating once again, we have where . We have used already one boundary condition, there is one more boundary condition left, but with two constants . It turns out and are related to each other, which is obtained by substituting the above solution into the starting equation we arrive at . Therefore, the solution is
Now if we use the other boundary condition , we get an equation for as . The maximum value of for which solution is possible is when , so the critical Frank-Kamentskii parameter is . The system has no steady state( or explodes) for and for , the system goes to a steady state with very slow reaction. The maximum temperature occurs at
For each value of , we have two values of since is multi-valued. The maximum critical temperature is .
Spherical vessel
For spherical vessel, there is no known explicit solution, so Frank-Kamenetskii used numerical methods to find the critical value. Here , then
If the transformations and , where is the maximum temperature which occurs at due to symmetry, are introduced
The above equation is nothing but Emden–Chandrasekhar equation, which appears in astrophysics describing isothermal gas sphere. Unlike planar and cylindrical case, the spherical vessel has infinitely many solutions for oscillating about the point , instead of just two solutions, which was shown by Israel Gelfand. The lowest branch will be chosen to explain explosive behavior.
From numerical solution, it is found that the critical Frank-Kamenetskii parameter is . The system has no steady state( or explodes) for and for , the system goes to a steady state with very slow reaction. The maximum temperature occurs at and maximum critical temperature is .
Non-symmetric geometries
For vessels which are not symmetric about the center (for example rectangular vessel), the problem involves solving a nonlinear partial differential equation instead of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, which can be solved only through numerical methods in most cases. The equation is
with boundary condition on the bounding surfaces.
Applications
Since the model assumes homogeneous mixture, the theory is well applicable to study the explosive behavior of solid fuels (spontaneous ignition of bio fuels, organic materials, garbage, etc.,). This is also used to design explosives and fire crackers. The theory predicted critical values accurately for low conductivity fluids/solids with high conductivity thin walled containers.
See also
Clarke's equation
References
External links
The Frank-Kamenetskii problem in Wolfram solver http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TheFrankKamenetskiiProblem/
Tracking the Frank-Kamenetskii Problem in Wolfram solver http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TrackingTheFrankKamenetskiiProblem/
Planar solution in Chebfun solver http://www.chebfun.org/examples/ode-nonlin/BlowupFK.html
Fluid dynamics
Combustion
Explosions |
Llanteg (also previously known, and still regularly pronounced, as Lanteague) is a small village in Pembrokeshire, Wales, belonging to the community of Amroth.
It contains a 13th-century church (St Elidyrs) and two closed chapels.
History
The parish
Cronwere (Crunwear), a parish, in the union and hundred of Narberth, county of Pembroke, South Wales, east south-east from Narberth; containing 282 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the eastern confines of the county, a short distance south of the turnpike-road from Laugharne to Narberth. It is bounded on the north by Lampeter, on the south by Amroth, on the west by Ludchurch, and on the east by Carmarthenshire, from which it is separated by a small brook. The number of acres is about 2000, of which 1500 are arable, and 500 pasture. The surface is of a hilly character: the soil is various; red earth, affording rich pasture, extends across a portion of the parish in a direction from north to south; other parts are cold and sterile, with a subsoil of clay; the earth covering the limestone portion is good, but liable to become soon parched and dry. There is a village named Lanteague, the only one in the parish; also a corn-mill, and a mill where the coarse cloth of the country is prepared and dyed: a quarry is likewise worked, producing limestone of fine quality. The living is a discharged rectory, rated in the king's books at £6. 16. 10½., and in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor: the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £105; there is a glebe-house, and the glebe contains sixty-eight acres, valued at £50 per annum. The church, dedicated to St. Elidyr, is a very ancient structure, now nearly in ruins, and contains 200 sittings. A Sunday school was established in the year 1820.
Llanteg War Memorial
As there was no memorial in the village to commemorate the War Dead the village history group commissioned one in 2003.
This war memorial was commissioned by the History Society in 2003 and designed and worked for free by Mrs Diana John of Ruelwall, being unveiled in February 2004. There is a War Memorial and brass plaque in Llanteg Hall to commemorate the three War Dead from Crunwere Parish. There is a Brass Plaque to commemorate Diana John of Ruelwall who designed and worked the memorial free for the History Society.
The War Memorial was unveiled by Mrs Eileen Oriel (widow of Mr J.E.J.Mason) after a dedication by Rev'd Bate in February 2004.
Places of worship
All Crunwere's places of worship are now closed - Zoar Chapel is now a Chapel of Rest, Mountain Chapel has been demolished and made into a garden of remembrance and Crunwere Church (St Elidyrs) has been declared redundant and the last open air service was held there in August 2009.
Amenities
Llanteg Service Station lies along the A477 within the village and provides the only shop. Adjacent to the petrol station is Edgey's Garage which provides servicing and vehicle repairs. Previously Crofty Nurseries, Tenby Tourers is opposite the Mountain Chapel site along the A477. Byron's Cafe is also on the same site as Tenby Tourers. Further along the A477, Greenacre Market Garden sells seasonal vegetables. Llanteglos Estate has a series of holiday lodges within the village. The Wanderer's Rest pub is within the site of Llanteglos Estate, but is now closed. Also on the Estate is the Oriel Llanteglos Gallery opened in summer 2020 which showcases the work of Welsh artists. Planning permission is being applied for an eco-tourism visitor attraction (Butterfly Haven) in Llanteg to feature moths, butterfly, birds and insects with biomes for European, South American, South East Asian and African species.
References
External links
Village website
11 Books on the history of Llanteg and its people
History Society blog
Llanteg pictures on Geography.org.uk website
Villages in Pembrokeshire
Amroth, Pembrokeshire |
The following is a list of football clubs in Estonia.
#
1188 Infoabi
A
FC A&A Kinnisvara
FC ABB
FC Abja
FC Ahtamar Tallinn
Ajax Lasnamäe
PSK Alexela
Ambla Vallameeskond
FC Ararat Tallinn
FC Aspen
FC Atletik Tallinn
JK Atli Rapla
B
FC Balteco
FC Bestra
C
Castovanni Eagles
Charma Tabasalu
FC Comwell
FC Concordia Audentes Tallinn
D
FC DAG Tartu
JK Dagöplast Emmaste
SK Dvigatel
E
FC EBS Team
Eesti Koondis
JK Eesti Põlevkivi Jõhvi
FC Elva
Hiiumaa ÜJK Emmaste
EMÜ SK
FC Energia
Spordiselts ESDAG Tartu
F.C.A. Estel Tallinn
Esteve Maardu
FC Eston Villa
JS Estonia Tallinn
F
FC Flora Järva-Jaani
FC Flora Kehtna
FC Flora Tallinn
FC Flora II Tallinn
FC Flora (women)
Fortuna Tallinn
G
FC Goll
WC Guwalda Pärnu
H
FC Haiba
FC Hansa United
FC HansaNet.ee
Harju JK Laagri
FC HaServ Tartu
FC Hiiu Kalur Kärdla
FC Hell Hunt
I
FC Igiliikur Viimsi
SK Imavere
Infonet Tallinn
Infonet II Tallinn
International
J
JK Jalgpallihaigla
FC Joker Raasiku
FC Jüri
K
JK Kadakas Kernu
JK Kaitseliit Kalev
Kalevi SK Pärnu
JK Karksi
Keemik Kohtla-Järve
Kehra JK Piraaja
Keila JK
Keskerakonna JK
Kick Sai Narva
FC Kiiu
SK Kirm
Koeru SK
Kohtla-Järve JK Alko
Kohtla-Järve FC Lootus
Kohtla-Järve JK Järve
Kose
JK Kotkad Tallinn
JK Kotkad Viljandi
Kristiine JK
KSKM Tallinn
Kuressaare
Kuressaare II
FC Kuristiku
Kuusalu JK Rada
Rahvaspordiklubi Kuuse
Kärdla Linnameeskond
L
Laagri Saue
FC Lantana Tallinn
Legion Tallinn
FC Lelle
SK Lemons
FC Levadia Maardu
FC Levadia Pärnu
FC Levadia Tallinn
FC Levadia II Tallinn
FC Levadia III
FC Levadia Tallinn (women)
Lihula JK
LiVal Sport Tallinn
JK Liverpool Pub
Lokomotiv Jõhvi
Loksa Rahvaspordiklubi
JK Loo
FC Lootos Põlva
FC Lootos Põlva (women)
FC Lootus Alutaguse
FC Lootus Kohtla-Järve
LNSK Pantrid Tallinn
Luunja
Lõuna-Läänemaa JK
Läänemaa JK
JK Löök Tartu
M
FC Maardu
Maardu Linnameeskond
Maardu United
FC Majandusmagister
FC M.C. Tallinn
SK Mercury Tallinn
FC Metec Tartu
FC Meteor Tallinn
Metropool Pärnu
FC Mets&Puu
JK Minevik
Muhumaa JK
FC Mõigu-Rae
Märjamaa Kompanii
N
Narva Trans
Narva United FC
Navi Vutiselts
FC Nikol Tallinn
Noorus 96 Jõgeva
FC Norma Tallinn
Nõmme Kalju FC
Nõmme Kalju FC U21
Nõmme United
O
Olympic Olybet Tallinn
FC Otepää
P
Paide Linnameeskond
Paide Linnameeskond II
Pakri SK
Pärnu Jalgpalliklubi
Pärnu JK
Pärnu JK Poseidon
Pärnu Kalakombinaat/MEK
Pärnu Linnameeskond
Piraaja Tallinn
Pirita JK Reliikvia
FC Puuma
Põhja-Sakala
Põhja-Tallinna JK
Põhja-Tallinna JK Volta
JK Püsivus Kohila
Q
FC Q United
Quattromed Tartu
R
Raasiku FC Joker
Rakvere JK Tarvas
FC Reaal Tallinn
S.C. Real Maardu
S.C. Real Tallinn
JK Reliikvia Pirita
JK Retro
FC Risti
JK Rock & Roll
Räpina SK
Rummu Dünamo
S
Saaremaa JK
SaareMaa JK aaMeraaS
Saku JK
FC Santos Tartu
Saue JK
Sillamäe Kalev
SK 10 Premium Tartu
FC Soccernet
FC Spiritas
JK Sport Põltsamaa
Š
FC Štrommi Tallinn
T
JK Tabasalu
Tabasalu JK
FC Tabivere
JK Tajak
Tallinn C.F.
Tallinna JS Estonia
Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi
Tallinna JK Augur
Tallinna JK Dünamo
Tallinna JK Legion
Tallinna Kalev
Tallinna Kalev (women)
Tallinna Lõvid
Tallinna Puhkekodu
Tallinna Sadam
Tallinna Sport
Tallinna Ülikool
Tallinna FC Zapoos
SK Tamme Auto Kiviõli
SK Tapa
Tartu JK Tammeka
Tartu JK Tammeka (women)
Tartu Ülikool Fauna
Tartu FC Merkuur
Tartu JK Merkuur
FC Tarvastu
JK Tervis Pärnu
FC Tevalte
TJK-83 Tallinn
Tondi
FC Toompea
FC Toompea 1994
Tõrva
Järvakandi JK Tribling
Trummi SK
Tulevik Viljandi
Tulevik II Viljandi
Turba NJK
FC TVMK Tallinn
FC Twister Tallinn
SK Tääksi
T.F.T. Töfting
Türi Ganvix
V
FC Valga
JK Vall Tallinn
FC Vaprus Pärnu
JK Vaprus Vändra
FC Vastseliina
FC Velldoris
KSK Vigri Tallinn
Viimsi JK
Viimsi MRJK
Viljandi
JK Voka
Võhma Linnameeskond
KS Võitleja Narva
JK Võru
Võru FC Helios
W
Warrior Tõrva
Warrior Valga
Welco Tartu
Ü
FC Ühinenud Depood
See also
List of active football clubs in Estonia
Estonia
Football clubs
Football clubs |
Viking World ( ) is a museum in Njarðvík, Reykjanesbær, Iceland.
The museum opened on 8 May 2009, followed by a formal opening on Icelandic National Day, 17 June. The director was Elisabeth Ward; the building was designed by Guðmundur Jónsson.
Viking World has on permanent display the Íslendingur, the replica of the Gokstad Viking ship which in 2000 was sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, for the celebrations of the millennium of Leif Ericsson's voyage and then to New York. The ship was returned to Iceland and placed on exhibit in the open air until being transferred to the new museum in autumn 2008. She is suspended one and a half metres in the air so that visitors can walk underneath her hull and see the workmanship. There are also stairs and a walkway into the ship, enabling visitors to climb aboard and sit or walk around.
The museum also houses the exhibition Vikings—The North Atlantic Saga from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. On 1 December 2010, a 2-year temporary exhibition with materials on loan from the National Museum of Iceland opened with a heathen reburial ceremony for a body excavated at Hafurbjarnarstaðir in 1868. The exhibits include materials from recent archaeological excavations.
The museum came under new ownership in June 2015, with Sveinn V. Björgvinsson as managing director and Björn Jónasson as business manager. The museum at that time had four employees, two full-time; the new management hoped to expand it to attract travelling exhibitions and possibly to add a café.
References
External links
Viking World museum website
Photograph on Panoramio
Museums established in 2009
2009 establishments in Iceland
History museums in Iceland
Viking Age museums
Keflavík
Buildings and structures in Southern Peninsula (Iceland) |
The National Film Preservation Foundation (NFPF) is an independent, nonprofit organization created by the U.S. Congress to help save America's film heritage. Growing from a national planning effort led by the Library of Congress, the NFPF began operations in 1997. It supports activities nationwide that preserve American films and improve film access for study, education, and exhibition. The NFPF's top priority is saving orphan films, so called because are not protected by commercial interests and are unlikely to survive without public support. Through its grant programs, the NFPF has helped archives, historical societies, libraries, museums, and universities from all 50 states preserve American films and make them available to the public.
Background
The National Film Preservation Foundation was created by the U.S. Congress in 1996, at the recommendation of the Library of Congress, following four years of hearings and research conducted by the Library's National Film Preservation Board. The National Film Preservation Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-285, Title II), signed into law on October 11, 1996, charged the NFPF to "encourage, accept, and administer private gifts to promote and ensure the preservation and public accessibility of the nation's film heritage" and authorized federal funds to advance this work. The NFPF started operations a year later in 1997 as an independent federally chartered grant-giving public charity and the nonprofit charitable affiliate of the Library of Congress's National Film Preservation Board. Since 1996 Congress has increased the NFPF's authorization twice, in 2005 via the Family Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-9) and in 2008 via the Library of Congress Sound Recording and Film Preservation Programs Reauthorization Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-336). Funding received through the NFPF's authorization is secured through the Library of Congress and goes directly to the field for film preservation projects.
Grant program
Federal funding received by the NFPF is made available through competitive grants. The program is open to American nonprofit and public institutions of all sizes and experience levels. Awards are made by expert panels, which are recruited from the preservation and scholarly communities and serve on behalf of the NFPF Board. To receive an award, institutions must pledge to provide public access to their films and to store them under cool-and-dry conditions that will extend their useful life. Films preserved through the NFPF are made available for education and shared with the public via screenings, exhibits, DVDs, broadcasts, and the Internet. Since starting its grant program in 1998, the NFPF has assisted 239 institutions across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico and has helped save more than 1,870 films. Films preserved through NFPF grants range from silent-era films to industrials, documentaries, newsreels, culturally significant home movies, avant-garde works, and independent productions.
Cooperative projects
The NFPF also organizes, secures funding for, and manages cooperative projects that enable film organizations—large and small—to join forces on national and international projects. Some of its previous and current projects include:
Treasure of American Film Archives (1999–2000). Funded by the National Endowment for the Arts and The Pew Charitable Trusts, this project involved 18 archives and resulted in new preservation work for more than 100 films and footage collections, ranging from home movies of Duke Ellington's band on tour to the first feature film shot entirely in Alaska. The collaboration culminated in the Treasures from American Film Archives: 50 Preserved Films (2000), the first volume of the NFPF's award-winning Treasures DVD series.
Saving the Silents (2001–2002). Funded by the Department of Interior's Save America's Treasures fund and administered by the National Endowment for the Arts, this project produced new 35mm preservation masters and prints of 94 films endangered silent-era shorts, serials, and features from the collections of George Eastman House, the Museum of Modern Art, and UCLA Film & Television Archive. Also supported was a massive updating of the International Federation of Film Archives' authoritative database of surviving silent-era film titles.
The Film Connection (2008-2010). Through this project, eight short American silent films held by the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia—that no longer survived in the United States—were preserved and deposited at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, George Eastman House, the Library of Congress, the Museum of Modern Art, and UCLA Film & Television Archive. Six of the films can be viewed free or charged on the NFPF Web site.
The New Zealand Project (2010–2014). With funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and a Save America's Treasures grant administered by the National Park Service and the National Endowment for the Arts, this project will result in the preservation and repatriation of more than 130 American silent films held by the New Zealand Film Archive. Among the films are many once thought lost, such as Upstream (1927) by John Ford and The White Shadow (1924) by Graham Cutts and Alfred Hitchcock.
Publications
The NFPF publishes DVD sets and books that promote the preservation of American film. For more than a decade, the NFPF's Treasures from American Film Archives DVD series has made available preservation work from the archival community. Created in collaboration with archives, scholars, and musicians, the sets present long unseen American films with new musical accompaniment, onscreen program notes, and a printed catalog. Besides the Treasures DVDs, the NFPF has also published two reference books, The Field Guide to Sponsored Films (2006) and The Film Preservation Guide: The Basics for Archives, Libraries, and Museums (2004).
Bibliography
Boliek, B (March 23, 2000). "Preservation Foundation Adds Fed Funds into the Mix," The Hollywood Reporter.
Desowitz, R (August 30, 1998). "Orphans on the Doorstep of Preservation," The Los Angeles Times.
Film Preservation 1993: A Study of the Current State of American Film Preservation (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1993).
"Film Preservation: A Critical Symposium." Cineaste 36, no. 4 (2011): 40-50.
Horak, J. "The Film Preservation Guide." Film Quarterly 58, no. 3 (2005).
Redefining Film Preservation: A National Plan (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1994).
References
External links
National Film Preservation Foundation
Film Preservation Guide
Newsletters and Annual Reports to Congress
Film preservation organizations
Patriotic and national organizations chartered by the United States Congress
Organizations based in San Francisco
Mass media companies of the United States
Mass media companies established in 1996
Organizations established in 1996
1996 establishments in the United States |
Funeral for a Friend / Moments in Grace is a split single by Bridgend, Wales, post-hardcore band Funeral for a Friend and St. Augustine, Florida, alternative rock / post-hardcore band Moments in Grace. It was co-released as a clear-colored 7-inch vinyl by Atlantic Records, Salad Days Records, Mighty Atom Records and Infectious Records on April 20, 2004.
The split was released in promotion of an American tour that the two bands shared in April 2004, accompanied by Avenged Sevenfold and My Chemical Romance. Funeral for a Friend's song, "Bullet Theory", was previously released on the band's debut full-length album Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation, while Moments in Grace's song, "My Dying Day", was scheduled to appear on the band's forthcoming debut full-length album Moonlight Survived. At the time of the split's release, neither song had been officially released in the United States.
Composition and recording
Moments in Grace's contribution, "My Dying Day", was one of sixteen songs that the band recorded for its full-length album, Moonlight Survived. The album was recorded over the span of two months, from June to August 2003, with producer Brian McTernan at his Salad Days studio in Beltsville, Maryland. Unhappy with the way Moonlight Survived sounded, the band returned to Salad Days in November 2003 to re-record some of the material, record a couple of extra songs, and fully re-mix the release.
Release and packaging
Funeral for a Friend's "Bullet Theory" had already been released on the band's debut album Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation through Mighty Atom Records in the United Kingdom, but had yet to be officially released in the United States.
On the other hand, Moments in Grace's "My Dying Day" had not been released, though it was scheduled to appear on the band's forthcoming debut album Moonlight Survived, originally planned for release in May 2004, but ultimately delayed until August 17, 2004.
The split 7-inch vinyl was co-released through Atlantic Records, Salad Days Records, Mighty Atom Records and Infectious Records, on April 20, 2004. In promotion of the release, webzine Ultimate Guitar held a giveaway contest for five winners to receive a record and a signed poster.
When Moonlight Survived was eventually released, all pre-orders placed through online retailer Smartpunk received a free copy of the split 7-inch vinyl.
Touring
The split 7-inch vinyl was released in promotion of an American tour shared by Funeral for a Friend and Moments in Grace. At the time, Moments in Grace was on a lengthy six-week tour of the East Coast, South and West Coast of the United States with Avenged Sevenfold, from April 16 to May 24, 2004. The tour also included My Chemical Romance from April 16 to May 14. Funeral for a Friend joined in from April 17–23, following several weeks of shows with Coheed and Cambria.
Track listing
Credits are adapted from the single's liner notes.
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the single's liner notes.
Funeral for a Friend
Funeral for a Friend
Matt Davies – lead vocals
Gareth Davies – bass guitar, backing vocals
Kris Roberts – guitars
Darran Smith – guitars
Ryan Richards – drums, screamed vocals
Production
Colin Richardson – recording engineer, mixing engineer and producer at Chapel Studios, Rak Studios and Miloco Studios
Matt Hyde – recording engineer
Will Bartle – recording engineer
Richard Woodcraft – recording engineer
Funeral for a Friend – co-producer
Howie Weinberg – mastering engineer at Masterdisk
Moments in Grace
Moments in Grace
Jeremy Griffith – vocals, guitar, keyboards, organ, piano
Justin Etheridge – guitar
Jake Brown – bass guitar
Timothy Kirkpatrick – drums
Production
Brian McTernan – recording engineer, mixing engineer and producer at Salad Days
Pedro Aida – assistant recording engineer at Salad Days
Matt Squire – Pro Tools engineer at Salad Days
Michael Barbiero – mixing engineer at Soundtracks
George Marino – mastering engineer at Sterling Sound
Shelby Cinca – artwork
References
2004 singles
Albums produced by Brian McTernan
Atlantic Records singles
Funeral for a Friend albums
Moments in Grace albums
Salad Days Records albums
Split singles |
In a paper delivered to the Aristotelian Society on 12 March 1956, Walter Bryce Gallie (1912–1998) introduced the term essentially contested concept to facilitate an understanding of the different applications or interpretations of the sorts of abstract, qualitative, and evaluative notions—such as "art", "philanthropy", "power"
and "social justice"—used in the domains of aesthetics, sustainable development, political philosophy, philosophy of history, and philosophy of religion.
Garver (1978) describes their use as follows:
The term essentially contested concepts gives a name to a problematic situation that many people recognize: that in certain kinds of talk there is a variety of meanings employed for key terms in an argument, and there is a feeling that dogmatism ("My answer is right and all others are wrong"), skepticism ("All answers are equally true (or false); everyone has a right to his own truth"), and eclecticism ("Each meaning gives a partial view so the more meanings the better") are none of them the appropriate attitude towards that variety of meanings.
Essentially contested concepts involve widespread agreement on a concept (e.g., "fairness"), but not on the best realization thereof. They are "concepts the proper use of which inevitably involves endless disputes about their proper uses on the part of their users", and these disputes "cannot be settled by appeal to empirical evidence, linguistic usage, or the canons of logic alone".
Identifying the presence of a dispute
Although Gallie's term is widely used to denote imprecise use of technical terminology, it has a far more specific application; although the notion could be misleadingly and evasively used to justify "agreeing to disagree", the term offers something more valuable:
Since its introduction by W.B. Gallie in 1956, the expression "essentially contested concept" has been treated both as a challenge and as an excuse by social theorists. It has been treated as a challenge in that theorists consider their uses of terms and concepts to be in competition with the uses advocated by other theorists, each theorist trying to be deemed the champion. It has been treated as an excuse in that, rather than acknowledge that the failure to reach agreement is due to such factors as imprecision, ignorance, or belligerence, instead theorists point to the terms and concepts under dispute and insist that they are always open to contest — that they are terms and concepts about which we can never expect to reach agreement.
The disputes that attend an essentially contested concept are driven by substantive disagreements over a range of different, entirely reasonable (although perhaps mistaken) interpretations of a mutually-agreed-upon archetypical notion, such as the legal precept "treat like cases alike; and treat different cases differently", with "each party [continuing] to defend its case with what it claims to be convincing arguments, evidence and other forms of justification".
Gallie speaks of how "This picture is painted in oils" can be successfully contested if the work is actually painted in tempera; while "This picture is a work of art" may meet strong opposition due to disputes over what "work of art" denotes. He suggests three avenues whereby one might resolve such disputes:
Discovering a new meaning of "work of art" to which all disputants could thenceforward agree.
Convincing all the disputants to conform to one meaning.
Declaring "work of art" to be a number of different concepts employing the same name.
Otherwise, the dispute probably centres on polysemy.
Here, a number of critical questions must be asked:
Has the term been incorrectly used, as in the case of mistakenly using decimated for devastated (catachresis)?
Do two or more different concepts share the same word, as in the case of ear, bank, sound, corn, scale, etc. (homonymy)?
Is there a genuine dispute about the term's correct application that, in fact, can be resolved?
Or, is it really the case that the term is an essentially contested concept?
Contested versus contestable
Barry Clarke suggested that, in order to determine whether a particular dispute was a consequence of true polysemy or inadvertent homonymy, one should seek to "locate the source of the dispute"; and in doing so, one might find that the source was "within the concept itself", or "[within] some underlying non-conceptual disagreement between the contestants".
Clarke drew attention to the substantial differences between the expressions "essentially contested" and "essentially contestable", that were being extensively used within the literature as if they were interchangeable.
Clarke argued that to state that a concept is merely "contested" is to "attribute significance to the contest rather than to the concept". Yet, to state that a concept is "contestable" (rather than "merely contested") is to "attribute some part of any contest to the concept"; namely, "to claim that some feature or property of the concept makes it polysemantic, and that [from this] the concept contains some internal conflict of ideas"; and it's this state of affairs that provides the "essentially contestable concept" with its "inherent potential [for] generating disputes".
Features
In 1956 Gallie proposed a set of seven conditions for the existence of an essentially contested concept. Gallie was very specific about the limits of his enterprise: it dealt exclusively with abstract, qualitative notions, such as art, religion, science, democracy, and social justice (and, if Gallie’s choices are contrasted with negatively regarded concepts such as evil, disease, superstition, etc., it is clear that the concepts he chose were exclusively positively regarded).
Freeden remarks that "not all essentially contested concepts signify valued achievements; they may equally signify disapproved and denigrated phenomena", and Gerring asks us to imagine just how difficult it would be to "[try] to craft definitions of slavery, fascism, terrorism, or genocide without recourse to 'pejorative' attributes".
These features distinguish Gallie's "essentially contested concepts" from others, "which can be shown, as a result of analysis or experiment, to be radically confused"; or, as Gray would have it, they are the features that relate to the task of distinguishing the "general words, which really denote an essentially contested concept" from those other "general words, whose uses conceal a diversity of distinguishable concepts":
Essentially contested concepts are evaluative, and they deliver value-judgements.
Essentially contested concepts denote comprehensively evaluated entities that have an internally complex character.
The evaluation must be attributed to the internally complex entity as a whole.
The different constituent elements of that internally complex entity are initially variously describable.
The different users of the concept will often allocate substantially different orders of relative importance, substantially different "weights", and/or substantially different interpretations to each of those constituent elements.
Psychological and sociological causes influence the extent to which any particular consideration is salient for a given individual, regarded as a stronger reason by that individual than by another, and regarded as a reason by one individual and not by another.
The disputed concepts are open-ended and vague, and are subject to considerable modification in the light of changing circumstances.
This further modification can neither be predicted nor prescribed in advance.
Whilst, by Gallie's express stipulation, there is no best instantiation of an essentially contested concept (or, at least, none knowable to be the best), it is also obvious that some instantiations will be considerably better than others; and, furthermore, even if one particular instantiation seems best at the moment, there is always the possibility that a new, better instantiation will emerge in the future.
Each party knows and recognizes that its own peculiar usage/interpretation of the concept is disputed by others who, in their turn, hold different and quite incompatible views.
Each party must (at least to a certain extent) understand the criteria upon which the other participants’ (repudiated) views are based.
Disputes centred on essentially contested concepts are "perfectly genuine", "not resolvable by argument", and "nevertheless sustained by perfectly respectable arguments and evidence".
Each party's use of their own specific usage/interpretation is driven by a need to uphold their own particular (correct, proper and superior) usage/interpretation against that of all other (incorrect, improper and irrational) users.
Because the use of an essentially contested concept is always the application of one use against all other uses, any usage is intentionally aggressive and defensive.
Because it is essentially contested, rather than "radically confused", the continued use of the essentially contested concept is justified by the fact that, despite all of their on-going disputation, all of the competitors acknowledge that the contested concept is derived from a single common exemplar.
The continued use of the essentially contested concept also helps to sustain and develop our understanding of the concept's original exemplar/s.
Concepts and conceptions
Scholars such as H. L. A. Hart, John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, and Steven Lukes have variously embellished Gallie's proposal by arguing that certain of the difficulties encountered with Gallie’s proposition may be due to the unintended conflation of two separate domains associated with the term concept:
(a) the concepts (the abstract, ideal notions themselves), and
(b) the conceptions (the particular instantiations, or realizations of those ideal and abstract notions).
In essence, Hart (1961), Rawls (1971), Dworkin (1972), and Lukes (1974) distinguished between the "unity" of a notion and the "multiplicity" of its possible instantiations.
From their work it is easy to understand the issue as one of determining whether there is a single notion that has a number of different instantiations, or whether there is more than one notion, each of which is reflected in a different usage.
In a section of his 1972 article in The New York Review of Books, Dworkin used the example of "fairness" to isolate and elaborate the difference between a concept (suum cuique) and its conception (various instantiations, for example utilitarian ethics).
He supposes that he has instructed his children not to treat others "unfairly" and asks us to recognize that, whilst he would have undoubtedly had particular "examples" (of the sorts of conduct he was intending to discourage) in mind at the time he spoke to his children, whatever it was that he meant when he issued such instructions was not confined to those "examples" alone, for two reasons:
"I would expect my children to apply my instructions to situations I had not and could not have thought about."
"I stand ready to admit that some particular act I had thought was fair when I spoke was in fact unfair, or vice versa, if one of my children is able to convince me of that later."
Dworkin argues that this admission of error would not entail any "change" to his original instructions, because the true meaning of his instructions was that "[he] meant the family to be guided by the concept of fairness, not by any specific conception of fairness [that he] might have had in mind". Therefore, he argues, his instructions do, in fact, "cover" this new case.
Exploring what he considers to be the "crucial distinction" between the overall concept of "fairness" and some particular, and specific conception of "fairness", he asks us to imagine a group whose members share the view that certain acts are unfair.
The members of this group "agree on a great number of standard cases of unfairness and use these as benchmarks against which to test other, more controversial cases".
In these circumstances, says Dworkin, "the group has a concept of unfairness, and its members may appeal to that concept in moral instruction or argument."
However, the members may still disagree over many of these "controversial cases"; and differences of this sort indicate that members have, or act upon, entirely different theories of why and how each of the "standard cases" are, in fact, genuine acts of "unfairness".
And, because each considers that certain principles "[which] must be relied upon to show that a particular division or attribution is unfair" are more "fundamental" than certain other principles, it can be said that members of the group have different conceptions of "fairness".
Consequently, those responsible for giving "instructions", and those responsible for setting "standards" of "fairness", in this community may be doing one of two things:
Appealing to the concept of "fairness", by demanding that others act "fairly". In this case, those instructed to act "fairly" are responsible for "developing and applying their own conception of fairness as controversial cases arise".<ref>He notes that this does not "[grant] them a discretion to act as they like"; but, from the fact that "it assumes that one conception is superior to another", it is clear that "it sets a standard they must try — and may fail — to meet".</ref> Each of those issuing the instructions (or setting the standards) may have quite different explanations underlying their actions; and, also, they may well change their explanations from time to time, without ever changing the standards they set.
Laying down a particular conception of "fairness"; by, for example, specifying that all hard cases were to be decided "by applying the utilitarian ethics of Jeremy Bentham".
It is important to recognize that rather than it just being a case of delivering two different instructions; it is a case of delivering two different kinds of instruction:
In the case of the appeal to the concept of "fairness", one invokes the ideal (and, implicitly, the universally agreed upon) notion of "fairness"; and whatever one might believe is the best instantiation of that notion is, by and large, irrelevant.
In the case of laying down a conception of "fairness", one specifies what one believes to be the best instantiation of the notion "fairness"; and, by this action, one specifies what one means by "fairness"; and whatever one might believe is the ideal notion of "fairness" is, by and large, irrelevant.
As a consequence, according to Dworkin, whenever an appeal is made to "fairness", a moral issue is raised; and, whenever a conception of "fairness" is laid down, an attempt is being made to answer that moral issue.
Not "hotly disputed" concepts
Whilst Gallie's expression "essentially contested concepts" precisely denotes those "essentially questionable and corrigible concepts" which "are permanently and essentially subject to revision and question", close examination of the wide and varied and imprecise applications of Gallie's term subsequent to 1956, by those who have ascribed their own literal meaning to Gallie's term without ever consulting Gallie's work, have led many philosophers to conclude that "essentially disputed concepts" would have been far better choice for Gallie's meaning, for at least three reasons:
Gallie's term has led many to the mistaken belief that he spoke of hotly disputed, rather than essentially disputed concepts.
Expressly stipulating that a specific issue can never be resolved, and then calling it a "contest" seems both absurd and misleading.
Any assertion that "essentially contested" concepts are incommensurable made at the same time as an assertion that "they have any common subject-matter" is incoherent; and, also, it reveals an "inconsistency in the idea of essential contestability".
Jeremy Waldron's research has revealed that Gallie's notion has "run wild" in the law review literature over the ensuing 60 years and is now being used to denote something like "very hotly contested, with no resolution in sight", due to an entirely mistaken view that the essential in Gallie's term is an "intensifier", when, in fact, "[Gallie's] term 'essential' refers to the location of the disagreement or indeterminacy; it is contestation at the core, not just at the borderlines or penumbra of a concept".
Yet is also clear that "if the notion of logical justification can be applied only to such theses and arguments as can be presumed capable of gaining in the long run universal agreement, the disputes to which the uses of any essentially contested concept give rise are not genuine or rational disputes at all" (Gallie, 1956a, p. 188).
Thus, Gallie argued:
So long as contestant users of any essentially contested concept believe, however deludedly, that their own use of it is the only one that can command honest and informed approval, they are likely to persist in the hope that they will ultimately persuade and convert all their opponents by logical means. But once [we] let the truth out of the bag — i.e., the essential contestedness of the concept in question — then this harmless if deluded hope may well be replaced by a ruthless decision to cut the cackle, to damn the heretics and to exterminate the unwanted.
See also
Ambiguity
Argumentation theory
Critical thinking
Ethics in mathematics
Ideograph (rhetoric)
Loaded language
Logical argument
Natural kind
Vagueness
What Is Art?Notes
References
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Baldwin, D.A., "The Concept of Security", Review of International Studies, Vol. 23, No.1, (January 1997), pp. 5–26.
Benn, S.I., A Theory of Freedom, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1988.
Benn, S.I. & Gaus, G.F., "The Public and the Private: Concepts and Action", pp. 3–27 in Benn, S.I. & Gaus, G.F., Public and Private in Social Life, Croom Helm, (London), 1983.
Booth, W.C., "“Preserving the Exemplar”: or, How Not to Dig Our Own Graves", Critical Inquiry, Vol.3, No.3, (Spring 1977), pp. 407–423.
Boulay, H., "Essentially Contested Concepts and the Teaching of Political Science", Teaching Political Science, Vol. 4, No. 4, (July 1977), pp. 423–433.
Care, N.S., "On Fixing Social Concepts", Ethics, Vol.84, No.1, (October 1973), pp. 10–21.
Clarke, B., "Eccentrically Contested Concepts", British Journal of Political Science, Vol.9, No.1, (January 1979), pp. 122–126.
Collier, D., Hidalgo, F.D., & Maciuceanu, A.O., "Essentially contested concepts: Debates and applications", Journal of Political Ideologies Vol.11, No.3, (October 2006), pp. 211–246.
Collier, D. & Mahon, J.E., "Conceptual “Stretching” Revisited: Adapting Categories in Comparative Analysis", The American Political Science Review, Vol.87, No. 4, (December 1993), pp. 845–855.
Connolly, W.E., "Essentially Contested Concepts in Politics", pp. 10–44 in Connolly, W.E., The Terms of Political Discourse, Heath, (Lexington), 1974.
Cooper, D.E., "Lewis on our Knowledge of Conventions", Mind, Vol.86, No.342, (April 1977), pp. 256–261.
Daly, S., "Philanthropy as an Essentially Contested Concept", Voluntas, Vol. 23, No. 3, (2012), pp. 535-557.
Davidson, D., "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme", Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 47, (1974), pp. 5–20.
Dworkin, R., Taking Rights Seriously: New Impression with a Reply to Critics, Duckworth, (Oxford), 1978.
Dworkin, R., "The Jurisprudence of Richard Nixon", The New York Review of Books, Vol.18, No.8, (May 1972), pp. 27–35.
Ehrenberg, K.M., "Law is not (Best Considered) an Essentially Contested Concept", International Journal of Law in Context, Vol.7 (2011), pp. 209-232. doi: 10.1017/S174455231100005X
Freeden, M., Ideologies and Political Theory — A Conceptual Approach, Oxford University Press, (Oxford) 1998.
Frohock, F.M., "The Structure of “Politics”", The American Political Science Review, Vol.72, No.3, (September 1978), pp. 859-870.
Gallie, W.B.(1956a), "Essentially Contested Concepts", Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol.56, (1956), pp. 167–198.
Gallie, W.B. (1956b), "Art as an Essentially Contested Concept", The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol.6, No. 23, (April 1956), pp. 97–114.
Gallie, W.B., "Essentially Contested Concepts", pp. 157–191 in Gallie, W.B., Philosophy and the Historical Understanding, Chatto & Windus, (London), 1964.
Gallie, W.B., "What Makes a Subject Scientific?", The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol.8, No.30, (August 1957), pp. 118–139.
Garver, E., "Essentially Contested Concepts: The Ethics and Tactics of Argument", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 23, No. 4, (1990), pp. 251–270.
Garver, E., "Paradigms and Princes", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Vol.17, No.1, (March 1987), pp. 21–47.
Garver, E., "Rhetoric and Essentially Contested Arguments", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol.11, No.3, (Summer 1978), pp. 156–172.
Gellner, E., "The Concept of a Story", Ratio, Vol.9, No.1, (June 1967), pp. 49–66.
Gerring, J., "What Makes a Concept Good? A Criterial Framework for Understanding Concept Formation in the Social Sciences", Polity, Vol.31, No.3, (Spring 1999), pp. 357–393.
Gilbert, M., "Notes on the Concept of a Social Convention", New Literary History, Vol.14, No. 2, (Winter 1983), pp. 225–251.
Gingell, J. & Winch, C., "Essentially Contested Concepts", pp. 88–89 in Gingell, J. & Winch, C., Key Concepts in the Philosophy of Education, Routledge, (London), 1999.
Grafstein, R., "A Realist Foundation for Essentially Contested Political Concepts", The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 41, No.1, (March 1988), pp. 9–28.
Gray, J., "On Liberty, Liberalism and Essential Contestability", British Journal of Political Science, Vol.8, No. 4, (October 1978), pp. 385–402.
Gray, J., "Political Power, Social Theory, and Essential Contestability", pp. 75–101 in Miller, D. & Siedentop, L., The Nature of Political Theory, Clarendon Press, (Oxford), 1983.
Gray, J.N., "On the Contestability of Social and Political Concepts", Political Theory, Vol.5, No.3, (August 1977), pp. 331–348.
Hampshire, S., Thought and Action, Chatto and Windus, (London), 1965.
Härlin, M. & Sundberg, P., "Taxonomy and Philosophy of Names", Biology and Philosophy, Vol.13, No. 2, (April 1998), pp. 233–244.
Hart, H.L.A., The Concept of Law, Oxford University Press, (Oxford), 1961.
Jacobs, M., “Sustainable Development as a Contested Concept“, pp. 21–45 in Dobson, A., Fairness and Futurity: Essays on Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice, Oxford University Press, (Oxford), 2006.
Jamieson, D., “David Lewis on Convention“, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Vol.5, No.1, (September 1975), pp. 73–81.
Kekes, J., "Essentially Contested Concepts: A Reconsideration", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol.10, No. 2, (Spring 1977), pp. 71–89.
Khatchadourian, H., "Vagueness", The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol.12, No. 47, (April 1962), pp. 138–152.
Lewis, D., Convention, Blackwell, (Oxford), 2002 [first published 1969].
Lewis, D., “Convention: A Reply to Jamieson“, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Vol.6, No.1, (March 1976), pp. 113–120.
Lucy, W.N.R., "Rights, Values, and Controversy", Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, Vol.5, No. 2, (July 1992), pp. 195–213.
Lukes, S., "A Reply to K.I. Macdonald", British Journal of Political Science, Vol.7, No.3, (July 1977), pp. 418–419.
Lukes, S., Power: A Radical View, Macmillan, (London), 1974.
MacIntyre, A., "The Essential Contestability of Some Social Concepts", Ethics, Vol.84, No.1, (October 1973), pp. 1–9.
Mason, A., "On Explaining Political Disagreement: The Notion of an Essentially Contested Concept", Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, Vol.33, No.1, (March 1990), pp. 81–98.
Mason, A., "The Notion of an Essentially Contested Concept", pp. 47–68 in Mason, A., Explaining Political Disagreement, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1993.
McKnight, C., "Medicine as an Essentially Contested Concept", Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 29, No. 4, (August 2003), pp. 261–262.
Miller, D., "Linguistic Philosophy and Political Theory", pp. 35–51 in Miller, D. & Siedentop, L., The Nature of Political Theory, Clarendon Press, (Oxford), 1983.
Nielsen, K., "On Rationality and Essentially Contested Concepts", Communication and Cognition, Vol.16, No.3, (1983), pp. 269–281.
Perry, T.D., "Contested Concepts and Hard Cases", Ethics, Vol.88, No.1, (October 1977), pp. 20–35.
Postema, G.J., "Coordination and Convention at the Foundations of Law", The Journal of Legal Studies, Vol.11, No.1, (January 1982), pp. 165–203.
Rawls, J., A Theory of Justice, Oxford University Press, (Oxford), 1971.
Rhodes, M.R., Coercion: A Nonevaluative Approach, Rodopi, (Amsterdam), 2000.
Rodriguez, P.-A., "Human dignity as an essentially contested concept", "Cambridge Review of International Affairs", Vol. 28, No. 4. (April 2015), pp. 743-756.
Rorty, R., Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, Princeton University Press, (Princeton), 1979.
Schaper, E, "Symposium: About Taste (I)", British Journal of Aesthetics, Vol.6, No.1, (January 1966), pp. 55–67.
Smith, K., "Mutually Contested Concepts and Their Standard General Use", Journal of Classical Sociology, Vol. 2, No.3, (1 November 2002), pp. 329–343.
Swanton, C., "On the “Essential Contestedness” of Political Concepts", Ethics, Vol.95, No. 4, (July 1985), pp. 811–827.
Waldron, J., "Is the Rule of Law an Essentially Contested Concept (in Florida)?", Law and Philosophy, Vol. 21, No. 2, (March 2002), pp. 137–164.
Waldron, J., "Vagueness in Law and Language: Some Philosophical Issues", California Law Review'', Vol.82, No.3, (May 1994), pp. 509–540.
Concepts in aesthetics
Concepts in the philosophy of language
Philosophy of religion
Rhetoric
Social concepts
Philosophical terminology |
The Square is a 1994 Chinese documentary film directed by Zhang Yuan. It is Zhang's first true documentary film, after two documentary-influenced fiction films: Mama and Beijing Bastards.
Filmed in black and white, The Square documents a day in the life of Tiananmen Square a few years after the events of 1989.
Subject
The film documents a day in the life of Tiananmen Square in 1994, a mere five years after the crushing of a student-led democracy movement in 1989. The events captured are considered "mundane" but illustrate the level of control exerted over the Square by the authoritarian government. While children play with kites and old men toss frisbees, police and soldiers are also ever-present.
Near the end of the film, PLA soldiers array cannons in preparation for a salute to a visiting head of state. As the guns are fired, Zhang focuses his camera on the reactions of the ordinary citizens. For one critic, the film "seem to suggest the ceaseless and draining effort the government must expend to maintain its awesome facade of monolithic power over its citizens."
Production history
The concept of a documentary film about Tiananmen Square shortly after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 began while Zhang Yuan was still a student at the Beijing Film Academy, and while he was producing and filming his debut, Mama, in the late 1980s. After the protests were crushed, Zhang had opportunities to ride his bicycle around the Square from his apartment in the nearby Xidan neighborhood, noting both the quietness in the years following 1989 and the surplus of both uniformed and plainclothes policemen.
In an interview given several years later, Zhang noted that he saw Tiananmen Square as "one giant stage" which pushed him to "pick up my camera and record some of those more interesting people and attempt to capture the feeling of the square." When he finally followed through on his plan, police would often come up and question his purpose, to which he would reply that he was part of a CCTV film crew.
Zhang filmed the most "mundane" things for a period of twenty-four hours, in the process capturing both ceremony (the flag raising and lowering carried out every day by PLA soldiers) and every-day moments. Indeed, the film is devoid of any dialogue, music, or narration outside of incidental moments captured by the "CCTV" camera.
The film itself was made in defiance of government disapproval, as Zhang had recently been blacklisted by the government for his submission of films to international film festivals without permission. Despite this impediment, Zhang's documentary would be screened at the Hawaii International Film Festival, where it would win a Jury Prize.
References
External links
Chinese documentary films
1994 films
Chinese black-and-white films
Chinese independent films
1990s Mandarin-language films
Films directed by Zhang Yuan
1994 documentary films
Tiananmen Square |
Festuca rigescens is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and northern and central Chile. It is perennial and grows in subalpine or subarctic biomes. It was first described in 1833.
References
rigescens
Flora of the Andes
Grasses of South America
Plants described in 1833 |
The Underwater Offence (), or SAT, is the special operations forces unit of the Turkish Navy, and the first and only navy commando unit of the navy, consisting of highly skilled soldiers selected from among the officers and petty officers of the Turkish Navy. They are affiliated with the Naval Operation Directorate.
During wartime, these units are responsible for carrying out stealthy attacks, sabotage, and raids on enemy strategic facilities including those located under water, over water, on land, or in the air. They also target floating platforms. The SAT participates in coastal reconnaissance tasked with obtaining information on coastal areas before deploying forces and maintaining control over foreign ports and underwater areas.
History
The first SAT course was conducted on 1962 in the city of Iskenderun, with its first trainees graduating in 1963. The original name of the SAT unit was Su Altı Komando (S.A.K.) ("Underwater Commando") and was bound to the Kurtarma ve Sualtı Komutanlığı (K.S.K.), or Rescue and Underwater Command.
In 1974 the SAT group command became bound to the Turkish Navy's General Command, and participated in the Turkish invasion of Cyprus later that year. They conducted the beach reconnaissance missions prior to the amphibious landing of the Turkish Armed Forces at Pentamili beach near Kyrnia (20 July 1974). Other publicised operations of SAT commandos are as follows:
SAT commandos took part in the Imia crisis in 1996.
In 2012, the SAT participated in Operation Ocean Shield, organized by NATO against piracy and rescued 7 Yemeni seafarers.
Mission
The SAT's main tasks are:
Surveillance on enemy structures, facilities, defense systems or strategically relevant buildings.
Covert sabotage against naval units and/or enemy structures.
Covert landing and infiltration.
Reconnaissance on behind-the-beaches being considered for amphibious landing operations.
Determining secure landing paths.
Direct action during first wave of landing missions.
Counter-terrorism missions.
Close quarters combat.
Training
To specialize in SAT, individuals must successfully complete the 50-week SAT (Marine Commando) course. The first phase of the course is eight weeks dedicated to physical and fitness development. Trainees who pass the rigorous physical and sea exams move on to the underwater phase, which lasts eight weeks. During this phase, they undergo frog-man training. After these phases are successfully completed, the land phase begins. In the land phase, it is called "hell week" after training on gaining a high level of land condition, swimming long distances in the water and getting on the boat, practicing VBSS, performing the task under pressure, getting rid of captivity, sea threats, long distance in the land, and finding targets. After intensive training, the land phase is completed. With these trainings, SAT specialists have the skills to sneak, sabotage and raid the enemy's coastal and floating targets. Then, the training mostly consists of tactical floating platforms and aircraft. SAT trainees will train for about 15 hours a day.
Equipment
Underwater Offence Command specialists' equipment includes:
Handguns
SIG P226
Glock
Submachine Guns
CZ Scorpion Evo 3
H&K MP5A3
Assault Rifles
M4 carbine
Machine Guns
FN Minimi 5.56 x 45 (Mk46)
FN Minimi 7.62 x 51 (Mk48)
M60 machine gun
M134
Sniper Rifles
Barrett M82A1
Barrett M95
MKEK JNG-90
Remington XM2010
CheyTac Intervention
McMillan TAC-50
Rockets & Explosives
AirTronic PSRL-1
RPG-7
M72 LAW
M79
M203 grenade launcher
Gallery
References
External links
Promotional/Training video of unit
Turkish Naval Forces
Special forces of Turkey
Armed forces diving |
Living in the Background is the debut studio album by Italian-based act Baltimora, released in the United States in April 1985 by EMI-Manhattan Records and in Europe on 4 September 1985 by EMI.
Overview
Jimmy McShane supposedly performed the lead vocals, although there is some controversy surrounding who the actual singer is, while the songs were written by Maurizio Bassi and Naimy Hackett. "Tarzan Boy", the first single released from the album, became an international success, peaking at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and at number three in the United Kingdom. "Woody Boogie" and "Living in the Background" were also released as singles, with the latter becoming the group's only other song to crack the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 87 on the chart.
The album has been released with at least three different covers. The US and Canadian cover features Jimmy McShane jumping in the air on a red background with black text. The text is an extract from a prose poem by French poet Stéphane Mallarmé, "Le Phénomène Futur" (The Future Phenomenon).
The album has also been released and re-released in various forms, though none of these different versions of the album seem to correlate with any particular one of the various album covers. A bonus track from one of these later pressings of the album, "Juke Box Boy" was also released as a single.
The original CD issue of Living in the Background, from 2003, is out-of-print. An Italian CD release was issued in 2005, and that same year an unofficial Russian release circulated too.
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Maurizio Bassi – keyboards, piano, lead vocals
Leandro Gaetano – keyboards, Fairlight CMI programming, PPG Wave 2.3, Xpander, Yamaha synthesizer
Claudio Bazzari, Giorgio Cocilovo – electric guitars
Claudio Pascoli – saxophone
Pier Michelatti – bass
Gabriele Melotti – drums, Linn drum programming, Simmons EDS 7
Moreno Ferrara, Malcom Charlton, Silvano Fossati, Naimy Hackett, Lella Esposito, Jimmy McShane, Silver Pozzoli – backing vocals
Technical
Maurizio Bassi – producer, arrangement
Jurgen Koppers – mixing
Paolo Mescoli – recording
Artwork
Michele Bernardi – cover illustration
Martin Beckett – photography (UK edition)
Charts
Certifications
References
External links
Living in the Background playlist of auto-generated audio and Vevo videos on YouTube
1985 debut albums
Baltimora albums
Manhattan Records albums |
The 1949 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Border Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach Emil Ladyko, the Lumberjacks compiled a 1–6–1 record (0–3 against conference opponents), was outscored by a total of 261 to 102, and finished last of nine teams in the Border Conference.
The team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Schedule
References
Arizona State-Flagstaff
Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football seasons
Arizona State-Flagstaff Lumberjacks football |
Rumailah () is an archaeological site in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, the U.A.E., as well as the site of a thick-walled coral and adobe fort, thought to date to the early 20th century.
Located west of Hili Archaeological Park, the rectangular mound at Rumailah is thought to have been home to populations dating back to the late Umm Al Nar period, yielding buildings and artefacts from a more recent, major Iron Age II settlement dated from around 1,100–500 BCE.
Archaeology
Finds at Rumailah include distinctive pottery adorned with snake patterns, similar to finds at Qusais, Masafi and the major Iron and Bronze Ages; metallurgical production centre at Saruq Al Hadid, as well as chlorite vessels decorated with turtles alternating with trees, similar to finds from Qidfa' in Fujairah, Qusais in Dubai and Al-Hajar in Bahrain. A number of Iron Age swords and axe-heads, as well as distinctive seal moulds, were also recovered from the site. A number of bronze arrowheads were also found at the site. The Iron Age buildings found at Rumailah are typical of those found in the region, at Iron Age I and II sites such as Thuqeibah and Muweilah, with a number of row dwellings, although lacking the perimeter walls found at Thuqeibah. A columned hall at Rumailah provides a further link to Muweilah, while a number of pyramidal seals found at Rumailah find an echo with similar objects discovered at Bidaa Bint Saud.
See also
List of Ancient Settlements in the UAE
Qattara Oasis
References
Al-Rumailah, UAE
Archaeological sites in the United Arab Emirates
History of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
History of the United Arab Emirates
Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates |
The Frogman Corps () is the maritime special operations force of the Danish Armed Forces part of Special Operations Command. On 1 July 2015, the Frogman Corps transferred from the Royal Danish Navy to the newly established Special Operations Command.
History
The Frogman Corps was established on 17 June 1957 based on the model of the United Kingdom's Special Boat Service, US Underwater Demolition Team, and Marinejegerkommandoen in Norway. Initially it was under the Danish Navy's Diving School at Flådestation Holmen (Naval Station Holmen, Copenhagen), but in 1972 it was made an independent unit, operationally under the submarine squadron.
Role
The Frogman Corps' primary role is reconnaissance, but it is also tasked with assaulting enemy ships, sabotage of fixed installations, advanced force and maritime anti-terrorism tasks.
It also performs special operations work on land, including anti-terrorism and anti-criminal work. The Corps supports the police with matters that demand highly specialised diving. Local authorities, etc. can also benefit from the frogmen's skills, for example when underwater installations must be inspected.
Training
The Frogman Corps trains at the Torpedo Station at Kongsøre and works through a long series of courses, e.g.:
Combat swimmer course for three weeks
Advanced scuba diving course
Rescue swimmer course
Survival course
The basic Frogman Course is nine months. Each year 500–600 applicants start the course and less than a dozen complete all nine months. Since its creation in 1957, 311 have completed the training and become frogmen .
Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark passed selection and completed continuation training to become a badged Frogman, in the course of which he earned the nickname "Pingo," when his wetsuit filled with water and he was forced to waddle like a penguin.
In 2015, a DR-produced documentary detailing the life of Frogman cadets was released.
Operations
The Frogman Corps were involved in operations in Afghanistan, such as Task Force K-Bar, and in Iraq.
From 2008 until the end of 2014, the Frogman Corps was involved in counter-piracy operations as part of Operation Ocean Shield. On 5 February 2010, ten Frogman Corps members aboard conducted a counter-piracy mission in the Gulf of Aden approaching the Antigua and Barbuda-flagged merchant vessel Ariella by rigid hull inflatable boat which had been hijacked by six armed Somali pirates. They scaled the side of the ship and freed the 25 crew, who had locked themselves in a secure room, and continued to search the vessel for the pirates who had fled.
In November 2021, a unit from the Frogman Corps was involved in counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Guinea deployed aboard the Royal Danish Navy frigate HDMS Esbern Snare (F342). On 25 November 2021 soldiers from the unit were involved in a firefight with eight suspected pirates aboard a fast-moving craft where four suspects were killed and one wounded and the surviving three were captured. The soldiers suffered no casualties.
Equipment
Glock 17
Heckler & Koch MP5
SIG MCX
Gevær M/10 (Colt Canada C8 IUR rifle)
Finskyttegevær M/04 (Sako TRG-42)
GRK M/03 40 mm (Colt Canada M203A1)
Dysekanon M/85 (Carl Gustav M3)
Panserværnsvåben M/97 (AT-4 CS)
Gallery
See also
List of military diving units (including special forces)
List of military special forces units
References
External links
Danish Defence Frømandskorpset (in Danish)
Official Facebook Frømandskorpset page (in Danish)
Naval special forces units and formations
Special forces of Denmark
Armed forces diving
Military units and formations established in 1957 |
Peter Robert McShannic (1864-1946) was a Major League Baseball player. He played for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys of the National League during the 1888 baseball season.
External links
1864 births
1946 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
Pittsburgh Alleghenys players
19th-century baseball players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
St. Paul Freezers players
Altoona Mountain Cities players
Binghamton Crickets (1880s) players
Zanesville Kickapoos players
Hamilton Hams players
Saginaw-Bay City Hyphens players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania |
PULSE is a drama romance webtoon created by Thai artist Ratana Satis. The series follows the relationship between a renowned heart surgeon, Mel, and Lynn, a cardiac patient who refuses to get a heart transplant. It began publishing weekly on Lezhin Comics between May 2016 and November 2017 after winning Lezhin Comics' second World Comic Contest.
Plot
Mel, a well-known heart surgeon, enjoys life to the fullest and views sex more as a tool for delight than as a sign of affection. However once she meets Lynn, a cardiac patient who refuses to get a heart transplant, the way she views love and life is completely altered.
Publication
Written and illustrated by Ratana Satis, PULSE was published weekly on Lezhin Comics from May 2016 to November 2017. It was one of the series to win Lezhin Comics' second World Comic Contest.
The series was first collected into 7 self-published paperback volumes between 2016 and 2020, before Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the series in North America in 2022.
Reception
Erica Friedman of Yuricon praised the story and Satis' art in her volume 1 review and thought it noteworthy that the series included realistic elements not always seen in yuri titles, saying that "The last thing that really made the story stand out was that men exist in this world, as relatives and colleagues. It’s not one of the all-women-all-the-time worlds. This world is the world." She went on to include it in her Top Ten Yuri of 2016.
References
External links
PULSE Official Website on Lezhin
2010s LGBT literature
2010s webcomics
2010s webtoons
Romance webtoons
Lesbian-related comics
LGBT-related comic strips
LGBT-related comics
Seven Seas Entertainment titles
Webtoons
Webtoons in print
Yuri (genre) |
Enoch "Noch" Callaway III (July 12, 1924 – August 18, 2014) was an American psychiatrist and a pioneer in biological psychiatry.
Biography
Callaway was born on July 12, 1924, into an old southern family of doctors in La Grange, Georgia. He is a descendant of the family that founded the Callaway Plantation in Washington, Georgia and Callaway Gardens in Pine Mountain, Georgia. Members of his extended family also include Ely Callaway Jr., founder of Callaway Golf Company, textile manufacturer Fuller Earle Callaway, and former United States Secretary of the Army and Georgia Congressman Bo Callaway.
He graduated from Columbia University in 1944 and obtained his M.D. from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1947. He completed his residency at Worcester State Hospital in Massachusetts and pursued advanced study at Johns Hopkins University.
In 1959, Callaway was appointed director of research of the Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute in San Francisco and continued in that capacity as professor until 1986, when he moved to San Francisco VA Medical Center and remained there until his retirement in 1994. Among the students he mentored was Monte Buchsbaum, professor at the University of California, San Diego and founder and editor-in-chief of Psychiatry Research. Callaway is known for his contributions to psychophysiology, cognition and psychopharmacology.
He was made a distinguished life fellow of the American Psychiatric Association in 1982. He also co-founded the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
After leaving UCSF, he co-founded Neurobiological Technologies, a biotech company that sought to develop drugs to treat strokes and brain cancer.
In 2007, his book Asylum: A Mid-Century Madhouse and Its Lessons about Our Mentally Ill Today was published by Praeger. (Confirmed on Wolrdcat.org, where it is OCLC 123029478)
Callaway died on August 18, 2014, in his home in Tiburon, California.
References
1924 births
2014 deaths
People from LaGrange, Georgia
American psychiatrists
University of California, San Francisco faculty
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Columbia Business School alumni
20th-century American scientists
20th-century American physicians
American company founders
Callaway family
Fellows of the American Psychological Association |
Jaclyn Smith (born July 3, 1993 in Mineola, New York) is an American rower. She competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. She won three silver medals from the World Rowing Championships and a silver medal from the 2016 Paralympic Games. She is a Royal Canadian Henley Regatta champion, a four-time Head of the Charles Regatta champion, and a U.S. national champion. She was a member of the Paralympic Great Eight at the 2016 Head of the Charles Regatta consisting of gold, silver, and bronze Rio Paralympic medalists from Great Britain, United States, and Canada.
Career
Senior career
2013–2014 season
Smith won a silver medal in the Legs, Trunk, & Arms Mixed 4+ at the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
2014–2015 season
Smith won a silver medal in the Legs, Trunk, & Arms Mixed 4+ at the 2015 World Rowing Championships in Aiguebelette, France.
2015–2016 season
Smith won a silver medal in the Legs, Trunk, & Arms Mixed 4+ at the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
2016–2017 season
Smith won a silver medal in the PR3 Mixed 4+ at the 2017 World Rowing Championships in Sarasota, Florida.
Senior
References
Living people
Paralympic rowers for the United States
Rowers at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
World Rowing Championships medalists for the United States
1993 births
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in rowing
Paralympic silver medalists for the United States |
Ivan Čyhrynaŭ () (1934–5 January 1996) was a Belarusian writer. He was a writer for the magazine, "Połymia".
He graduated from the philology department of Belarusian State University in 1957, and began publishing works in 1961. He wrote short story collections such as The Birds Fly to Freedom (1965), The Happiest Man (1967), and A Man Went to War (1973), mainly around the hardships and heroism of regular people during World War II. His novels The Quail’s Cry (1972) and Blood Acquittal (1977) also deal with war themes, set during the German-Soviet War of 1941–45. He is a recipient of the State Prize of the Byelorussian SSR, awarded in 1974.
References
1934 births
1996 deaths
People from Kastsyukovichy District
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Belarusian novelists
Belarusian male writers
20th-century novelists
Male novelists
Soviet male writers
20th-century male writers
Belarusian male short story writers
20th-century short story writers
20th-century Belarusian writers
Belarusian State University alumni |
The TRIAL is a Czech music band that existed from 1988 to 1993. The band was found in Beroun (Czech Republic) from where their music spread through recordings, concerts and other media to whole Czechoslovakia. A musical genre of The TRIAL was called technopop (or synthpop). The band itself espoused to the legacy of electronic pop scene of the 1980s. Emphasis of their work lied in working in studio and sound experimenting. The TRIAL released two singles and two albums and also three videoclips for TV and two concerts shows. As the top of the success became the encouragement from the British DJ John Peel, which personally invited the band to England and played the songs of The TRIAL on BBC Radio One and Radio Luxembourg. In 2009, MaxOne created for the band two video clips and remixed their unpublished tracks "Let’s Shake Down" and "Pull It Back".
There is another German-Turkish-Swiss experimental/new wave band called The Trial, that was established 1985 in Berlin and is active since then.
Discography
Albums and singles
"In The Fiction Press" - 1990
Pictures - 1991
"No Love in Future" - 1991
"You And Darkness" - 1992
"Let’s Shake Down" - 2009
"Pull It Back" - 2009
Video clips
Terrible Scream - 1988
In The Fiction Press - 1990
Sex Story - 1991
Let’s Shake Down - 2009
Pull It Back - 2009
References
External links
Official homepage of The TRIAL
The TRIAL on MySpace
Musicserver.cz
Electronic music groups |
The Brothers 18 is a Wolastoqey (Wəlastəkwey) First Nation reserve in Canada located upon a group of small islands in the mouth of the Kennebecasis River in Saint John County, New Brunswick. The reserve was first returned to the Wolastoqiyik (Wəlastəkwiyik, who are sometimes referred to as the Maliseet or St. John River Indians) on September 19, 1838, and it quickly became a busy settlement where Wolastoqey (Wəlastəkwey) families cleared land, cultivated crops, built homes, and accessed other resources. The reserve is presently composed of two islands and has an area of about 10 acres.
See also
List of communities in New Brunswick
List of Indian reserves in Canada
References
Indian reserves in New Brunswick
Communities in Saint John County, New Brunswick
1938 establishments in Canada
Populated places established in 1938
Maliseet |
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