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Tolmera is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. References Geometridae
Perfume Tree was a band from Vancouver, British Columbia that existed from 1991 until December 1999. Members were Jane Tilley, Bruce Turpin and Peter Lutwyche The band performed mostly psychedelic electronic rock. History Perfume Tree was formed by a group of disc jockeys from the University of British Columbia's campus radio station, CITR. The group signed with Zulu Records, and released an album, Dust, in 1992. After releasing three more albums with Zulu, the band signed with World Domination Records, and released an EP, Fathom the Sky in 1995. The band continued performing in the Vancouver area. Their 1998 album Feeler blended Tilley's vocals with electronic rock rhythms. Four of their songs were chosen for the 2000 Canadian crime drama The Spreading Ground directed by Derek Vanlint. Virgin, Dreaming, and Paradise were used in part, and So Far Away appeared almost in its entirety at the end of the film. The song Uneasy, from the album A Lifetime Away, appeared on the soundtrack to the 2007 film Weirdsville. A few of their songs were used in the Teton Gravity Research skiing films. The samples "Don't you believe in anything?" and "The future's not so bad, have faith in me" from the song Aircraft Engines on The Sun's Running Out are Ace from the Doctor Who episode The Curse of Fenric when she speaks to the Vicar in the empty church. Perfume Tree's last album, Felt, was released in 2000. Tilley and Lutwyche went on to form Veloce with Ian MacLachlan. Discography Dust - Zulu Records, 1992 Remote (Extended Play) - Zulu Records, 1993 The Sun's Running Out - Zulu Records, 1994 A Lifetime Away - Zulu Records, 1995 Fathom the Sky (Extended Play) - World Domination Records, 1995 Tides Out - World Domination Records, 1997 Feeler - World Domination Records, 1998 Felt - World Domination Records, 2000 References External links Perfume Tree myspace/Perfume Tree minimum records Canadian electronic music groups Musical groups from Vancouver Musical groups established in 1991 Musical groups disestablished in 1999 1991 establishments in British Columbia 1999 disestablishments in British Columbia Psychedelic musical groups
Benjamin Franklin Mebane Jr. (February 4, 1865 – June 15, 1926) was an American industrialist. Early life Benjamin Franklin Mebane Jr. was born on February 4, 1865, in Mebansville, North Carolina, to Benjamin Franklin Mebane and Frances Lavinia Kerr Mebane. He was descended from Alexander Mebane, a Continental Army officer and U.S. Congressman for whom the town was named. He was educated at the Bingham School. On February 8, 1893, Mebane married Lily Morehead, the granddaughter of industrialist and former governor of North Carolina John Motley Morehead. Career Industry and business When he was 17 years of age, Mebane left school and worked as a salesman in Danville, Virginia, and New York City. Following his marriage, he moved to Spray, North Carolina. Mebane's father-in-law, James Turner Morehead, was the founder of the Leaksville Cotton and Woolen Mill Company and the Spray Water Power and Land Company. He educated Mebane on the textile industry, who then moved to Greensboro and worked for the Cone Mills Corporation. Morehead later had Mebane become the president of both of his companies, and the latter proceeded to create six new textile mills and one warehouse company: Nantucket Mill in 1898, American Warehouse in 1899, Lily Mill in 1900, Spray Woolen Mill and Morehead Mills in 1902, Rhode Island Mill in 1903, and, with William F. Draper, the German-American Stock Company Mill in Draper in 1906. In 1911 and 1912 Mebane created the North Carolina and Virginia Railroad. With the railroad having expended much of his financial resources, his main creditor, the Marshall Field Corporation of Chicago, assumed control of all but two of Mebane's mills. Control of them would later pass to Fieldcrest. Mebane also retained, through his Spray Water Power and Land Company and Rockingham Company, possession of 8,000 acres of farmland—known as "the Meadows"—between near the confluence of the Smith and Dan Rivers and the town of Draper. There, he developed a successful cattle business and established a hunting lodge. Political involvement and the Fishing Creek Bridge Mebane was a prominent member of the Republican Party in Rockingham County, which was dominated by the Democratic Party during his life. He served as a delegate-at-large during the 1904 Republican National Convention. With the support of friends and his workers, he was elected to the county school board, where he served from 1919 to 1925. In the early 1920s, Mebane sought to construct a chemical plant in the Meadows. The only modern crossing over the Dan River in the vicinity of this area connecting his land to the nearby towns was the North Carolina Highway 87 bridge. Due to be completed in 1924, it was 1.5 miles upstream from the Meadows. Wanting a more direct route to his plant from the towns, Mebane decided that a new bridge should be constructed near the confluence of Fishing Creek and the Dan River. Mebane's full reasoning for wanting to have a road bridge erected—such as to make way for trucks instead of relying on rail depots—has never been made clear. Though he would benefit the most from a bridge, Mebane thought that a crossing in the area would benefit industrial growth in Rockingham County and thought that the county government should pay for its construction. In 1922, he sought out three men to support his proposal: Josiah Ferre McCollum, Thomas Ruffin Pratt, and William Franklin Pruitt. Local newspapers later asserted that Mebane entertained the three—two farmers and a local merchant—at his mansion to convince them to back his plan. Mebane quietly helped the three men get elected to the five-person Rockingham County Board of Commissioners that year as Democrats. Shortly after taking office, Pratt, Pruitt, and McCollum formally proposed the construction of a bridge near the Meadows property. The two other commissioners on the board expressed reservations, noting that the Highway 87 bridge was due to be completed soon nearby. Undaunted, Mebane's commissioners, having a majority on the board, voted on March 19, 1923, that a bridge near the confluence of Fishing Creek and the Dan River was a "public necessity". They authorized the county to retain an engineer and pay up to $50,000 to erect a crossing at the site. Plans that year were also made to construct a $7,000 road to link the bridge to other thoroughfares. The massive outlays for the road construction and an additional school construction program adopted by the commissioners required altering the county's financing. The commission raised the county's tax rate and issued new bonds with high interest rates, increasing the county's debt by nearly one-third. The tax hikes, the large expenditures, and the apparent cronyism of the bridge project enraged many county residents. A group of lawyers filed for an injunction court to prevent the commission from signing a contract to build the bridge. The injunction was denied on appeal, and the bridge opponents instead formed a "Citizens Committee" and organized three mass meetings at the Rockingham County Courthouse to protest the project. Speakers at the sessions denounced the bridge plan as a waste of money and as a sign that special interests were in control of the county commission. Discussion of the bridge faded over the following months, with many residents convinced that the unpopularity of the project would dissuade the commissioners from taking further action. Despite this, on January 7, 1924, Mebane's commissioners voted to contract the Luten Bridge Company of Knoxville, Tennessee, for $39,670 (~$ in ) to build a crossing to be named the Fishing Creek Bridge. County residents were enraged by the signing of the contract, and the political situation became so tense that Pruitt resigned and was replaced by anti-bridge commissioner. The anti-bridge commissioners, now comprising the majority on the county board, resolved to not honor the bridge contract. The contractor nevertheless continued to work on the project, and completed the bridge by November. Mebane arranged for his Spray Water Power and Land Company to give the firm $25,000 in liberty bonds to help cover their expenses. The connecting road project was left unfinished. Death and legacy Mebane died after a brief illness on June 15, 1926, in New York City, while awaiting passage to London aboard the RMS Aquitania to visit his wife. She received his $2,000,000 (~$ in ) estate. His death was reported in national news and received significant coverage in much of North Carolina's media. Despite the controversy of the bridge project, most posthumous coverage of Mebane was positive, praising his business acumen. In 1935 the North Carolina Department of Transportation built dirt routes to the Fishing Creek Bridge, connecting it to other roads. In 1968, the roads were paved and the crossing was renamed Mebane's Bridge. It is sometimes referred to as "Mebane's Folly" in reference to Mebane's determination to have it constructed. References Works cited 1865 births 1926 deaths North Carolina Republicans American industrialists American textile industry businesspeople Frank
The limbs of the horse are structures made of dozens of bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments that support the weight of the equine body. They include two apparatuses: the suspensory apparatus, which carries much of the weight, prevents overextension of the joint and absorbs shock, and the stay apparatus, which locks major joints in the limbs, allowing horses to remain standing while relaxed or asleep. The limbs play a major part in the movement of the horse, with the legs performing the functions of absorbing impact, bearing weight, and providing thrust. In general, the majority of the weight is borne by the front legs, while the rear legs provide propulsion. The hooves are also important structures, providing support, traction and shock absorption, and containing structures that provide blood flow through the lower leg. As the horse developed as a cursorial animal, with a primary defense mechanism of running over hard ground, its legs evolved to the long, sturdy, light-weight, one-toed form seen today. Good conformation in the limbs leads to improved movement and decreased likelihood of injuries. Large differences in bone structure and size can be found in horses used for different activities, but correct conformation remains relatively similar across the spectrum. Structural defects, as well as other problems such as injuries and infections, can cause lameness, or movement at an abnormal gait. Injuries to and problems with horse legs can be relatively minor, such as stocking up, which causes swelling without lameness, or quite serious. Even leg injuries that are not immediately fatal may still be life-threatening to horses, as their bodies are adapted to bear weight on all four legs and serious problems can result if this is not possible. Limb anatomy Horses are odd-toed ungulates, or members of the order Perissodactyla. This order also includes the extant species of rhinos and tapirs, and many extinct families and species. Members of this order walk on either one toe (like horses) or three toes (like rhinos and tapirs). This is in contrast to even-toed ungulates, members of the order Artiodactyla, which walk on cloven hooves, or two toes. This order includes many species associated with livestock, such as sheep, goats, pigs, cows and camels, as well as species of giraffes, antelopes and deer. According to evolutionary theory, equine hooves and legs have evolved over millions of years to the form in which they are found today. The original ancestors of horses had shorter legs, terminating in five-toed feet. Over millennia, a single hard hoof evolved from the middle toe, while the other toes gradually disappeared into the tiny vestigial remnants that are found today on the lower leg bones. Prairie-dwelling equine species developed hooves and longer legs that were both sturdy and light weight to help them evade predators and cover longer distances in search of food. Forest-dwelling species retained shorter legs and three toes, which helped them on softer ground. Approximately 35 million years ago, a global drop in temperature created a major habitat change, leading to the transition of many forests to grasslands. This led to a die-out among forest-dwelling equine species, eventually leaving the long-legged, one-toed Equus of today, which includes the horse, as the sole surviving genus of the Equidae family. Legs Each forelimb of the horse runs from the scapula or shoulder blade to the navicular bone. In between are the humerus (arm), radius (forearm), elbow joint, ulna (elbow), carpus (knee) bones and joint, large metacarpal (cannon), small metacarpal (splint), sesamoid, fetlock joint, first phalanx (long pastern), pastern joint, second phalanx (short pastern), coffin joint, outwardly evidenced by the coronary band, and the third phalanx (coffin or pedal) bones. Each hind limb of the horse runs from the pelvis to the navicular bone. After the pelvis come the femur (thigh), patella, stifle joint, tibia, fibula, tarsal (hock) bone and joint, large metatarsal (cannon) and small metatarsal (splint) bones. Below these, the arrangement of sesamoid and phalanx bones and joints is the same as in the forelimbs. When the horse is moving, the distal interphalangeal joint (coffin joint) has the highest amount of stresses applied to it of any joint in the body, and it can be significantly affected by trimming and shoeing techniques. Although having a small range of movement, the proximal interphalangeal joint (pastern joint) is also influential to the movement of the horse, and can change the way that various shoeing techniques affect tendons and ligaments in the legs. Due to the horse's development as a cursorial animal (one whose main form of defense is running), its bones evolved to facilitate speed in a forward direction over hard ground, without the need for grasping, lifting or swinging. The ulna shrank in size and its top portion became the point of the elbow, while the bottom fused with the radius above the radiocarpal (knee) joint, which corresponds to the wrist in humans. A similar change occurred in the fibula bone of the hind limbs. These changes were first seen in the genus Merychippus, approximately 17 million years ago. The anatomy of the forelegs begins at the scapula. This is the shoulder in which provides the ease of movement as it is connected to various bones surrounding it such as the cervical vertebra (a section of the spine). The next bone is the humerus which leads onto the radius below. The radius is then connected to the bones of the knee. The carpus is located at the front of the knee and the pisiform is the back of the knee. Below the knee is the cannon bone which is also known as the 3rd metacarpal. 55 million years ago when the Eohippus existed, the cannon bone used to be the 3rd toe of the foot. Its fusion took place in order to increase height and power of the limb. Behind the cannon bone are the splint bones. The splint bones are also known as the 2nd and 4th metacarpal and fused 25 - 35 million years ago during the time of the Miohippus. They provide extra strength and support of the cannon bone and used to be the 2nd and 4th toes of the foot. Below the cannon bone is the fetlock joint in which lays a structure of many bones. Firstly are the sesamoid bones that act as part of the system that allows the leg to drop as pressure is applied and spring back up as pressure is released. Below this is the proximal phalanx also known as the long pastern which is followed by the middle phalanx (short pastern). Below these bones are the navicular bone and the distal phalanx. the distal phalanx can be known as the coffin bone or the pedal bone. Below the navicular bone is the navicular bursa. There are three main muscle groups of the forelimb. The triceps muscle straightens the elbow and foreleg, running from the elbow to the bottom of the shoulder blade. The muscles which extend the lower leg are called extensor muscles, while the flexion of the lower leg joints is achieved through movement of the flexor muscles. There are five main muscles and muscle groups in the hind legs. The vastus muscle flexes the hind leg and runs from stifle to hip, while the gluteal muscles, the large muscles in the hip, extend the femur. Forward motion and flexion of the hind legs is achieved through the movement of the quadriceps group of muscles on the front of the femur, while the muscles at the back of the hindquarters, called the hamstring group, provide forward motion of the body and rearward extension of the hind limbs. Extension of the hock is achieved by the Achilles tendon, located above the hock. There are two apparatus in the limbs of the horse - the suspensory apparatus and the stay apparatus. The fetlock joint is supported by group of lower leg ligaments, tendons and bones known as the suspensory apparatus. This apparatus carries much of the weight of the horse, both when standing and while moving, and prevents the fetlock joint from hyperextending, especially when the joint is bearing weight. During movement, the apparatus stores and releases energy in the manner of a spring: stretching while the joint is extended and contracting (and thus releasing energy) when the joint flexes. This provides a rebound effect, assisting the foot in leaving the ground. This ability to use stored energy makes horses' gaits more efficient than other large animals, including cattle. The suspensory apparatus consists of the suspensory ligament, the check ligament, the deep digital flexor tendon, the superficial flexor tendon, the common digital extensor tendon and the sesamoid bones. Horses use a group of ligaments, tendons and muscles known as the stay apparatus to "lock" major joints in the limbs, allowing them to remain standing while relaxed or asleep. The lower part of the stay apparatus consists of the suspensory apparatus, which is the same in both sets of limbs, while the upper portion differs between the fore and hind limbs. The upper portion of the stay apparatus in the forelimbs includes the major attachment, extensor and flexor muscles and tendons. The same portion in the hind limbs consists of the major muscles, ligaments and tendons, as well as the reciprocal joints of the hock and stifle. Hoof The hoof of the horse contains over a dozen different structures, including bones, cartilage, tendons and tissues. The coffin or pedal bone is the major hoof bone, supporting the majority of the weight. Under the coffin bone is the navicular bone, itself cushioned by the navicular bursa, a fluid-filled sac. The digital cushion is a blood vessel-filled structure located in the middle of the hoof, which assists with blood flow throughout the leg. At the top of the hoof wall is the corium, tissue which continually produces the horn of the outer hoof shell, which is in turn protected by the periople, a thin outer layer which prevents the interior structures from drying out. The wall is connected to the coffin bone by sensitive laminae, a flexible layer which helps to suspend and protect the coffin bone. The main tendon in the hoof is the deep digital flexor tendon, which connects to the bottom of the coffin bone. The impact zone on the bottom of the hoof includes the sole, which has an outer, insensitive layer and a sensitive inner layer, and the frog, which lies between the heels and assists in shock absorption and blood flow. The final structures are the lateral cartilages, connected to the upper coffin bone, which act as the flexible heels, allowing hoof expansion. These structures allow the hoof to perform many functions. It acts as a support and traction point, shock absorber and system for pumping blood back through the lower limb. Remnants of the "lost" digits of the horse can be found on the hoof. Movement A sequence of movements in which a horse takes a step with all four legs is called a stride. During each step, with each leg, a horse completes four movements: the swing phase, the grounding or impact, the support period and the thrust. While the horse uses muscles throughout its body to move, the legs perform the functions of absorbing impact, bearing weight, and providing thrust. Good movement is sound, symmetrical, straight, free and coordinated, all of which depend on many factors, including conformation, soundness, care and training of the horse, and terrain and footing. The proportions and length of the bones and muscles in the legs can significantly impact the way an individual horse moves. The angles of certain bones, especially in the hind leg, shoulders, and pasterns, also affect movement. The forelegs carry the majority of the weight, usually around 60 percent, with exact percentages depending on speed and gait. Movement adds concussive force to weight, increasing the likelihood that a poorly built leg will buckle under the strain. At different points in the gallop, all weight is resting on one front hoof, then all on one rear hoof. In the sport of dressage, horses are encouraged to shift their weight more to their hindquarters, which enables lightness of the forehand and increased collection. While the forelimbs carry the weight the hind limbs provide propulsion, due to the angle between the stifle and hock. This angle allows the hind legs to flex as weight is applied during the stride, then release as a spring to create forward or upward movement. The propulsion is then transmitted to the forehand through the structures of the back, where the forehand then acts to control speed, balance and turning. The range of motion and propulsion power in horses varies significantly, based on the placement of muscle attachment to bone. The muscles are attached to bone relatively high in the body, which results in small differences in attachment making large differences in movement. A change of in muscle attachment can affect range of motion by and propulsion power by 20 percent. "Form to function" is a term used in the equestrian world to mean that the "correct" form or structure of a horse is determined by the function for which it will be used. The legs of a horse used for cutting, in which quick starts, stops and turns are required, will be shorter and more thickly built than those of a Thoroughbred racehorse, where forward speed is most important. However, despite the differences in bone structure needed for various uses, correct conformation of the leg remains relatively similar. Structural defects The ideal horse has legs which are straight, correctly set and symmetrical. Correct angles of major bones, clean, well-developed joints and tendons, and well-shaped, properly-proportioned hooves are also necessary for ideal conformation. "No legs, no horse" and "no hoof, no horse" are common sayings in the equine world. Individual horses may have structural defects, some of which lead to poor movement or lameness. Although certain defects and blemishes may not directly cause lameness, they can often put stress on other parts of the body, which can then cause lameness or injuries. Poor conformation and structural defects do not always cause lameness, however, as was shown by the champion racehorse Seabiscuit, who was considered undersized and knobby-kneed for a Thoroughbred. Common defects of the forelegs include base-wide and base-narrow, where the legs are farther apart or closer together on the ground then they are when they originate in the chest; toeing-in and toeing-out, where the hooves point inwards or outwards; knee deviations to the front (buck knees), rear (calf knees), inside (knock knees) or outside (bowleg); short or long pasterns; and many problems with the feet. Common defects of the hind limbs include the same base-wide and base-narrow stances and problems with the feet as the fore limbs, as well as multiple issues with the angle formed by the hock joint being too angled (sickle-hocked), too straight (straight behind) or having an inward deviation (cow-hocked). Feral horses are seldom found with serious conformation problems in the leg, as foals with these defects are generally easy prey for predators. Foals raised by humans have a better chance for survival, as there are therapeutic treatments that can improve even major conformation problems. However, some of these conformation problems can be transmitted to offspring, and so these horses are a poor choice for breeding stock. Lameness and injuries Lameness in horses is movement at an abnormal gait due to pain in any part of the body. It is frequently caused by pain to the shoulders, hips, legs or feet. Lameness can also be caused by abnormalities in the digestive, circulatory and nervous systems. While horses with poor conformation and congenital conditions are more likely to develop lameness, trauma, infection and acquired abnormalities are also causes. The largest cause of poor performance in equine athletes is lameness caused by abnormalities in the muscular or skeletal systems. The majority of lameness is found in the forelimbs, with at least 95 percent of these cases stemming from problems in the structures from the knee down. Lameness in the hind limbs is caused by problems in the hock and/or stifle 80 percent of the time. There are numerous issues that can occur with horses' legs that may not necessarily cause lameness. Stocking up is an issue that occurs in horses that are held in stalls for multiple days after periods of activity. Fluid collects in the lower legs, producing swelling and often stiffness. Although it does not usually cause lameness or other problems, prolonged periods of stocking up can lead to other skin issues. Older horses and horse with heavy muscling are more prone to this condition. A shoe boil is an injury that occurs when there is trauma to the bursal sac of the elbow, causing inflammation and swelling. Multiple occurrences can cause a cosmetic sore and scar tissue, called a capped elbow, or infections. Shoe boils generally occur when a horse hits its elbow with a hoof or shoe when lying down. Windpuffs, or swelling to the back of the fetlock caused by inflammation of the sheaths of the deep digital flexor tendon, appear most often in the rear legs. Soft and fluid-filled, the swelling may initially be accompanied by heat and pain, but can remain long after the initial injury has healed without accompanying lameness. Repeated injuries to the tendon sheath, often caused by excessive training or work on hard surfaces, can cause larger problems and lameness. Leg injuries that are not immediately fatal still may be life-threatening because a horse's weight must be distributed evenly on all four legs to prevent circulatory problems, laminitis, and other infections. If a horse loses the use of one leg temporarily, there is the risk that other legs will break down during the recovery period because they are carrying an abnormal weight load. While horses periodically lie down for brief periods of time, a horse cannot remain lying in the equivalent of a human's "bed rest" because of the risk of developing sores, internal damage, and congestion. Notes References External links Lameness from The Horse Equine Anatomy and Physiology: The Forelimb Horse anatomy
Henry Kingsbury (born 1943) is a pianist turned ethnomusicologist. He is notable for his book, Music, Talent, and Performance, an ethnographic study of an American conservatory of music. This book examines the social and cultural nature of musical talent, understood within the anthropological framework of such theorists as Emile Durkheim, E.E. Evans-Pritchard, and Clifford Geertz. The appearance of Kingsbury’s book in 1988 marked an innovative and significant application of principals of ethnomusicology in the study of Western art music. Kingsbury has written of the role that personal change can play in the ethnographic approach. He writes, “just as fieldwork is often understood to be a traumatic personal experience, so also… can traumatic experience be retrospectively reconstituted as ‘fieldwork.’” Kingsbury was born in 1943. He was a disciple of the pioneering ethnomusicologist Alan P. Merriam. In 1991, while he was a faculty member in the music department at Brown University, Kingsbury suffered serious injury during brain surgery. His efforts to resume his academic career after recuperation included a pair of lawsuits under the Americans with Disabilities Act. He has chronicled this episode in two self-published booklets. References Living people American male pianists 1943 births 21st-century American pianists 21st-century American male musicians
Secret Agent of Japan is a 1942 film directed by Irving Pichel. It was the first American anti-Japanese war film produced by a major studio after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The film stars Preston Foster as a nightclub owner in Shanghai who becomes involved in espionage revolving around preparations for the attack. Cast Preston Foster as James Carmichael, alias Roy Bonnell Lynn Bari as Kay Murdock Noel Madison as Isoda Saito Victor Sen Yung as Fu Yen Janis Carter as Doris Poole Steven Geray as Mulhauser, alias Constantin Alexandri Kurt Katch as Traeger Addison Richards as Detective Remsen Ian Wolfe as Capt. Karl Larsen Hermine Sterler as Frau Mulhauser Selmer Jackson as American Naval Captain Frank Puglia as Victor Eminescu Leyland Hodgson as English Secret Service Leslie Denison as English Secret Service Jean Del Val as Pierre Solaire Critical reception The film drew mixed reviews from critics. Theodore Strauss of New York Times panned the film, calling it "a very mild hate-brew" and "third-rate drama", and stating, "Nowadays, we doubt whether anybody, even Hirohito, will be much excited". Variety wrote that "the picture doesn't achieve more than moderately entertaining proportions for the adult ... Foster and Miss Bari show off excellently, though some of the supporting parts are pretty awful." Film Daily called it "a rousing melodrama" but found the twists and turns of the plot confusing. Harrison's Reports wrote: "An engrossing espionage melodrama that is timely. The story value is good, and competent direction and excellent performances help maintain the interest throughout." The film seems to "have legs", though, as it scores a 6.9/10 stars on IMDB (see link below). References External links 1942 films American spy films American black-and-white films Films directed by Irving Pichel Pearl Harbor films American World War II propaganda films 1940s spy films 20th Century Fox films Films set in Shanghai Japan in non-Japanese culture
Trafikkalfabetet () is a sans-serif typeface used for road signs and, until 2002, vehicle registration plates in Norway. Developed in 1965 by Karl Petter Sandbæk, it was digitized in 2006 by Jacob Øvergaard. Gallery References See also Public signage typefaces Government typefaces Sans-serif typefaces
Fish egg fossils are the fossilized remains of fish eggs. Fossil fish eggs have an extensive record going at least as far back as the Devonian and spanning into the Cenozoic era. The eggs of many different fish taxa have contributed to this record, including lobe-finned fish, placoderms, and sharks. Occasionally eggs are preserved still within the mother's body, or associated with fossil embryos. Some fossil eggs possibly laid by fish cannot be confidently distinguished from those laid by amphibians; for example, the ichnogenus Mazonova is known from impressions of eggs which resemble eggs of both fish and amphibians. Paleontologist B.K. Hall has observed that the discovery of fossil fish eggs, embryos and larvae link the sciences of paleontology with evo-devo. Fish taxa known from egg fossils Cartilaginous fishes Fossilized egg cases that may have been laid by an elasmobranch or chimaeroid are known from as far back as the Devonian period. Egg sacs that can more confidently be referred to those taxa are known from the Carboniferous to Oligocene, although no embryos are known from these. Shark eggs have been recognized in the fossil record. More than thirty fossil shark egg cases have been discovered at the Bear River Seep Deposit of Washington state in the US. These capsules are up to 5 cm in length and resemble those of modern catshark species in the genus Apristurus. Since fossil teeth attributable to this genus go back to the late Eocene epoch, an ancient Apristurus species might very well be the mother of the fossil egg cases. A less likely candidate mother would be the genus Scyliorhinus, which also has a fossil record stretching back to the Eocene. However, modern Scyliorhinus egg capsules are smoother than the Bear River Seep Deposit fossils, casting doubt on this possibility. Lobe-finned fishes Some well-preserved embryos have been found with yolk sacs in the Carboniferous actinistian Rhabdoderma exiguum. These range in development from specimens still inside the egg to individuals who had partially resorbed their yolk sac. These specimens were part of the Mazon Creek fauna of Illinois. Placoderms One possible specimen of the Devonian placoderm Cowralepis mclachlani contained many unhatched egg sacs. Confounding factors Some fossil eggs possibly laid by fish can't be confidently distinguished from those laid by amphibians. Examples are known from various Carboniferous and Triassic lagerstatten that preserve the eggs of aquatic vertebrates. The identity of the fossils' egglayers can't be confidently ascertained. See also Cephalopod egg fossil Paleontology in the United States Paleontology in Washington (state) Reptile egg fossil Timeline of egg fossil research Footnotes References Cloutier, R. 2010. The fossil record of fish ontogenies: insights to developmental patterns and processes. Semin Cell Dev Biology 21: 400–413. Treude, T., Kiel, S., Linke, P., Peckmann, J., and Goedert, J.L. 2011. Elasmobranch egg capsules associated with modern and ancient cold seeps: A nursery for non-seep marine predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 437: 175–181. .
Pasquale J. (Pat) D'Amuro is an American terrorism authority, former intelligence agent and television analyst. In a career of 26 years he rose to the third position of the FBI. Since then he continues his career in business and education. Life D'Amuro grew up in upstate New York. He attended Mercy College and Niagara University from where he obtained his bachelor's degree. Since May 1979 he worked for the FBI. Here he got experienced in research of bank robberies, fraud, organized crime, drug traffic and comparable matters. After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing took place, his research area changed to terrorist attacks. In the following years he was involved with the research of the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya, the 2000 USS Cole bombing in Aden, Yemen, and the destructive attacks of September 11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. In course of the years he therefore became an expert on al-Qaeda. After the attacks of September 11, D'Amuro was appointed assistant director of the counterterrorism division of the FBI. Here he led thousands of agents and implemented policy that resulted in a better exchange of data between the FBI, CIA, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense. He also ordered the composition of a centralized Terrorism Watch List that combined all the former registers into a single and comprehensive database. In August 2003 he was promoted to director of the office of New York, which is the largest office with the highest profile. At this stage he went out to give public lectures regularly on the changes that had been effectuated at the bureau since September 11. In March 2005 he left the FBI after a service of 26 years. Afterwards he became director of Nine Thirty Capital Management and chairman of the board of Giuliani Security & Safety. In March 2006 he became a commissary of Mercy College and since April 2008 he is also the director of American Defense Systems. Regularly he makes his appearances as senior analyst at the television network CNN. Honor D'Amuro received several rewards, like the Presidential Rank Award of the FBI. In 2004 he was honored with an honorary doctorate in law from Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York. In 2009 D'Amuro obtained a Four Freedoms Award in the category Freedom from fear. References Bloomberg Businessweek (November 17, 2012) biography Government Executive (April 15, 2003) biography Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (2009) Four Freedoms Awards American civil servants American businesspeople American directors Directors of intelligence agencies American television personalities Experts on terrorism Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award Mercy College (New York) alumni Mercy College (New York) faculty
A remote starter is a radio controlled device, which is installed in a vehicle by the factory or an aftermarket installer to preheat or cool the vehicle before the owner gets into it . Once activated, by pushing a button on a special key chain remote, it starts the vehicle automatically for a predetermined time. Different models have keyless entry as well. Most newer vehicles need some kind of bypass module to bypass the factory anti-theft system, so the vehicle can be started without the ignition key in the ignition, this is bypassed only to start the vehicle, which after it is running returns to its original state. For cars with manual transmission additional safety features may need to be added to prevent the car from starting while it's parked in gear. Having a remote starter installed in a vehicle will usually not void the factory warranty when installed properly. The first manufacturer to introduce remote start bypass modules to bypass vehicle anti-theft systems was Fortin auto radio based in Montreal, Quebec (Canada). By 1985 multiple manufacturers began producing the devices and automobile manufacturers began offering the remote start devices as an option. Newer cars with pushbutton starts can also be interfaced, but some do not have a "take over" procedure. References Auto parts
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Madame de La Carlière, sub-titled On the inconsequence of public judgement of our actions, is a fable written by the French writer Denis Diderot in 1772, and published for the first time in 1798. It was published posthumously, as Diderot had died in 1784. Preceded by This is not a fable and followed by Supplement to the Voyage of Bougaineville, it forms a triptych of moral fables written in 1772 that would appear in the Literary Correspondence in 1773. Madame de La Carlière takes its name from the mother of Sophie Volland, Élisabeth Françoise Brunel de La Carlière. In 1988, Madame de La Carlière was performed as a stage piece alongside Diderot's novel Rameau's Nephew at New York University, as part of a celebration commemorating the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Bibliography Laffitte M., Diderot : hésitations autour de la promesse (Histoire de Madame de la Carlière). In : Revue romane (ISSN 0035-3906), 1992, vol. 27, n°1, p. 90-103. Notes 1772 books 1798 books French books Novels by Denis Diderot Early Modern literature Fables Books published posthumously
Helastia semisignata is a moth of the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is only found in the North Island. The life history of this species is in need of further investigation as sources differ about what plants host the larvae. Adults are on the wing commonly from October until March. Taxonomy It was first described by Francis Walker in 1862 using specimens collected by A. Sinclair in Auckland and originally named Larentia semisignata. In 1877 Arthur Gardiner Butler synonymised Cidaria dissociate and Cidaria semisilata with L. semisignata. In the same publication Butler also mistakenly synonymised Larentia corcularia with L. semisignata. This taxonomic error was correct by R. C. Craw in 1987. In 1912 L. B. Prout placed this species in the genus Xanthorhoe. This placement was followed by George Hudson in his 1928 book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand. Subsequently, in 1971, J. S. Dugdale placed this species in the genus Helastia. R. C. Craw confirmed this placement in his revision of the genus in 1987. The male holotype is held at the Natural History Museum, London. Description Walker described this species as follows: Species in the genus Helastia can be difficult to distinguish from one another. However this species normally has orange scaling present on its forewings and its wing veins have black and white patches. Distribution This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is found in the North Island only. Habitat H. semisignata can be found in a variety of habitats at a variety of altitudes including native forest and scrubland, subalpine herbfields and in coastal areas. This species also inhabits developed areas such as parks and gardens. Behaviour Adults are on the wing from most frequently from October until March and are attracted to light. They are nocturnal with adults resting on trees or stones during the day. Host plants Larvae of this species have been raised on mosses. But other sources state that larvae have been reared on Pimelea foliage or that they feed on herbs. These inconsistencies have resulted in Robert Hoare stating that further investigations into the life history of this species is needed. The adult moths have been observed visiting and likely feeding from the flowers of Hoheria lyallii, Olearia virgata andVeronica salicifolia. References Moths of New Zealand Endemic fauna of New Zealand Moths described in 1862 Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist) Cidariini Endemic moths of New Zealand
Sound of Superman is a companion album to the soundtrack of the Warner Bros. film, Superman Returns. It features performances both original and cover by various up and coming artists, as well as established ones, including the final track on the album performed by Sara Routh, the sister of the actor portraying Superman in the film, Brandon Routh. All the songs on the album are based either on the character of Superman himself, or at the basic concept of what a hero really is. None of the songs actually appear in the film, although "The Rescue" was featured in a TV spot for Superman Returns and the cover track on this album of "Superman" was used to introduce the three main cast members at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards. This album preceded the actual score of the film, composed by John Ottman. That album was released two weeks later, on June 27, 2006. It is not the first time that this concept has been explored in the superhero genre of film. In 1989, Batman did the same, and achieved great success with both albums. Track listing "Superman" - The Academy Is... (The Clique/R.E.M. cover) – 2:31 "It's So Easy" - Plain White T's – 3:06 "(Wish I Could Fly Like) Superman" - The Sun (The Kinks cover) – 3:01 "The Worst Part..." - Motion City Soundtrack – 4:17 "Sunshine Superman" - The Films (Donovan cover) – 3:19 "Save Me" - Maxeen – 3:21 "My Hero" - Paramore (Foo Fighters cover) – 3:46 "The Rescue" - American Hi-Fi – 3:17 "Saved" - The Spill Canvas – 4:15 "Meet Me At My Window" - Jack's Mannequin – 3:49 "Waitin' for a Superman" - Nightmare of You (The Flaming Lips cover) – 4:03 "Superman" - The Receiving End of Sirens (Stereophonics cover) – 4:46 "Brainiac's Daughter" - Royal (The Dukes of Stratosphear cover) – 3:21 "You're Never Gone" - Sara Routh – 4:00 2006 compilation albums Superman music pt:Música de Superman Returns#Sound of Superman
Pascal Camadini (born 2 April 1972) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He started playing in the youth teams of SC Bastia, ending his career at Racing Strasbourg in 2008. Whilst at Strasbourg, Camadini played in the 2001 Coupe de France Final in which they beat Amiens SC on penalties. References External links Profile at RC Strasbourg's official site 1972 births Living people Footballers from Bastia French men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Ligue 1 players Ligue 2 players Swiss Super League players SC Bastia players FC Sion players FC Lorient players RC Strasbourg Alsace players French expatriate men's footballers French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Uppers is the debut studio album by the English post-punk band TV Priest, released on 5 February 2021 by Sub Pop. Background and recording TV Priest initially self-released their standalone singles "House of York" in April 2020, followed by "Runner Up" in May 2020. Uppers was initially set for release on independent label Hand in Hive in November 2020 before begin pushed back to 5 February 2021 after the band signed to Sub Pop. The album was produced by Nic Bueth and recorded in East London. Release On 17 August 2020, TV Priest announced the release of their debut album, along with the single "This Island". Lead singer Charlie Drinkwater said the single is "about incoherence and inarticulate responses, both personal and political, in a time and place you don’t fully understand anymore. We wrote this to an increasingly nationalistic and isolationist drumbeat playing out at home and abroad, and frankly we are scared and appalled". The second single "Sllideshow" was released on 23 September 2020. On 28 October 2020, TV Priest announced they had signed to Sub Pop, and released their third single "Decoration". The fourth single "Press Gang" was released on 5 January 2021, and is inspired by Drinkwater's grandfather’s life’s work as a photojournalist and war correspondent on the UK’s Fleet Street from the 1950s to the early 1980s. The music video for the track was directed by Joe Wheatley. Tour In support of the album, TV Priest tour began in July 2021 at London's Oslo nightclub, and finished in November 2021 at Heartbreakers Bar in Southampton. Critical reception Uppers was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 69 based on 10 reviews. AnyDecentMusic? gave the release a 7 out of 10 based on a critical consensus of 12 reviews. Stuart Berman of Pitchfork gave the album a score of 7.0, and praised the progression of the album, writing that it evolves "from a band you think you’ve heard a million times before into one you feel like you’re just getting to know". Mark Deming of AllMusic gave the album a 3.5 out of 5, praising the vocals by Charlie Drinkwater as having a "strong voice and a subtly intelligent phrasing to his rants". At DIY, Lisa Wright gave the release a 2.5 out of 5, noting "TV Priest’s debut is good but not necessarily enough to poke through the maelstrom quite yet." Writing for Beats Per Minute, Gareth O'Malley wrote "Uppers provides thrills aplenty from a band making their mark during strange times as our new normal sets in, intent on seizing their second chance." Josh Crow of Clash wrote that the debut has "a collection of delightfully pungent tracks, delivered in all their unashamed, reckless glory." Track listing Charts References Album chart usages for UK2 2021 debut albums Sub Pop albums TV Priest albums
Sister Monica Asman (1920-2016) was an American Catholic nun and research scientist at University of California, Berkeley. She applied genetic methods to mosquitoes with the aim of reducing their ability to carry viruses that can cause disease in humans and animals, and to reduce the size of mosquito populations. She also opened the St. Francis Center of Redwood City for the poor. Education and personal life Monica Asman was born in Germany on September 14, 1920. She was brought up in America and in 1940 she joined the Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity. She graduated from University of Notre Dame in 1966 with a Ph. D. degree. In 1987 she founded the St. Francis Center for poor people in Redwood City, California. In 2004 she retired to a religious residence. She died April 5, 2016. Career As well as her religious vocation, Asman had a successful career as a science teacher and researcher. Her reason for becoming a scientist was probably the need for science teachers at Catholic schools. Between 1944 and 1962 Asman worked as a teacher in schools run by her religious order. Making a significant change, she then began scientific research supervised by George B. Craig at the University of Notre Dame. He led a research group that was beginning to apply genetics to the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Asman's project provided her with a training in genetics and the use of cobalt-60 to induce mutations. This required evaluation of the effects of radiation as the mosquito developed from egg to adult to identify the level of radiation that would cause mutations without killing all the mosquitoes. After completing her doctorate, her religious order moved her to Mount Alverno Center in Redwood City, California with the objective of returning to teaching. She was appointed as an instructor in the Biology Department at Santa Clara University from 1966 until 1971. However, she made contact with the parasitology department at University of California, Berkeley, specifically the arbovirus research group led by William C. Reeves in order to continue genetics research. She began working with them, adding her skill and knowledge of genetics to their research, initially unpaid. From 1968 until 1988 she was an Associate Research Entomologist in the University of California, Berkeley. At the suggestion of the Berkeley research group, she changed from A. aegypti to the mosquito species Culex tarsalis and A. sierrensis because they were more important disease vectors in the California region. She transferred the methods she had learnt to these species and applied them in projects aiming to reduce the fertility or disease transmission of these mosquitoes. The mosquitoes were tested in controlled outdoor environments as well as in the laboratory. Some genetically altered mosquitoes were also released into the wild. The research demonstrated that there were genetic determinants for how likely mosquitoes were to carry the viruses that caused disease in humans and animals. Part of the funding for this research came from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command. Publications Asman was the author or co-author of over 50 scientific publications. These included: S. M. Asman, M. M. Milby, W. C. Reeves. (1990) Genetics of Culex tarsalis. In: Reeves, W. C., Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-borne Arboviruses in California. Calif. Mosq. Vector Control Assocn., pp. 330–356. Asman SM, McDonald PT and T. Prout. (1981) Field studies of genetic control systems for mosquitoes. Annual Review of Entomology 26 289-318 Asman SM and HA Terwedow. (1980) Initial studies on the genetics of Aedes sierrensis. Mosquito News 40 224-226. Asman SM, Nelson RL, McDonald P, Milby M, Reeves W, White KD, et al. (1979) Pilot release of sex-linked multiple translocation into a Culex tarsalis field population in Kern County, California [Biological control]. Mosq News. 39 248–258. James L. Hardy, George Apperson, S. Monica Asman, and William C. Reeves. (1978) Selection of a strain of Culex tarsalis highly resistant to infection following ingestion of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. J. Heredity 27 313–321 McDonald PT, Asman SM, Terwedow HA. (1978) Sex-linked translocations in Culex tarsalis: chromosome—linkage group correlation and segregation patterns. J Hered. 69 304–310. Asman, M and KS Rai (1972) Developmental effects of ionising radiation in Aedes egypti. J. Med Entomol. 9 468-478 Rai, KS, McDonald, PT and SM Asman (1970) Cytogenetics of two radiation-induced sex-linked translocations in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genetics 66 635-651 References 1920 births 2016 deaths 20th-century American nuns American entomologists American women scientists University of Notre Dame alumni
Chandanpura Nachghar () is an ancient building located adjacent to Chandanpura Fire Service Station, along Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah road in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The dance hall of this Zamindar house is located next to the fire service station. It is known as the dance hall of the Zamindar house of Sajjalela. The building was once used as the Chittagong Divisional Fire Service Office. It is currently preserved as the proposed Fire Service and Civil Defense Museum. Bangladesh Government declared the building abandoned 25 years ago in the 1990s. History The Zamindar house was built about 250 years ago by the grandfather of Zamindar Sajjalela in Chandanpura. After grandfather and father, Sajjalela got zamindari. After the death of Sajjalela during British rule, his entire family migrated to India. Later, the house became government property due to the acquisition of land from Hindu landlords by the government of Pakistan. Later, Sajjalela's family tried to recover the neighbouring land along with the building but failed. Chittagong Divisional Fire Service Office was established here during the Pakistan Government. However, it was abandoned later when the Chittagong Divisional Fire Service Office was built in the Chaumuhani area. Architecture The two-storied building of solid brickwork is decorated with various crafts. Various artworks on the walls include deities and flowers. There is a separate dressing room for baijee (professional dancer). The building has a total of 14 rooms including guest rooms. There is a staircase in one corner of the building to go up to the second floor, which is currently in ruins. Gallery References 1770s establishments in British India British colonial architecture in Bangladesh Entertainment venues in Chittagong
Oxly is a census-designated place in southeastern Ripley County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Logan Creek along Missouri Route 142, approximately seven miles east of Doniphan. A post office called Oxly has been in operation since 1900. The community has the name of F. G. Oxley, a businessperson in the local lumber industry. Climate Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate). References Census-designated places in Ripley County, Missouri
Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (18 March 1702 – 5 March 1732) was the sixteenth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore. His reign lasted for 18 years, from 1714 to 1732. Personal life Dodda Krishnaraja was born on 18 March 1702. He was the first-born son of Kanthirava Narasaraja II, by his second wife Maharani Chelvaja Ammani Devi. A month before his tenth birthday—upon his father's death—he acceded to the throne of Mysore. Although he was married nine times, direct descents in the Wodeyar lineage stopped with him; a son was born to his first wife, but died aged six months. Dodda Krishnaraja died on 5 March 1732 at the age of 29, and was succeeded by his relative's son, Chamaraja Wodeyar VII. Demands of neighbours Just before Dodda Krishnaraja I's accession, a change had come in the governance of the Mughal province of Sira (Carnatic Bijapur) to the north and northeast of Mysore. In 1713, Carnatic-Bijapur was split into a payanghat jurisdiction with capital at Arcot and governed by a newly styled Nawab of Arcot, and a balaghat jurisdiction, governed by a newly styled Nawab of Sira. That same year, the governor of Carnatic-Bijapur, Sadat-ulla Khan, was made the new Nawab of Arcot, and Amin Khan was appointed Nawab of Sira; Mysore, however, remained a formal tributary state of Sira. This division, and the resulting loss of revenue from the rich maidān region of Mysore, made Sadat-ulla Khan unhappy and, in collusion with the rulers of Kadapa, Kurnool, Savanur, and the Maratha Raja of Gutti, he decided to march against Krishnaraja Wodeyar I. However, the Nawab of Sira, anxious to preempt the coalition's action, hit upon a plan himself of reaching the then-Mysore capital, Seringapatam. In the end, both Nawabs—of Arcot and Sira—settled upon a joint invasion led by the former. Krishnaraja Wodeyar I, for his part, was able to "buy off this formidable confederacy" by offering a tribute of Rs. 10 million. This outcome, however, made Mysore vulnerable to similar future claims, which, for example, were made successfully two years later by Maratha raiders who appeared in the Mysore capital. The resulting depletion of the Mysore treasury led Mysore to itself attack and absorb the poligar chiefdom of Magadi to its north. Abdication of power gave a decidedly negative appraisal of the maharaja's character:"Whatever portion of vigour or of wisdom appeared in the conduct of this reign belonged exclusively to the ministers, who secured their own authority by appearing with affected humility to study in all things the inclinations and wishes of the Maharaja. Weak and capricious in his temper, he committed the most cruel excesses on the persons and property of those who approached him, and as quickly restored them to his favour. While no opposition was made to an establishment of almost incredible absurdity, amounting to a lakh of rupees annually, for the maintenance of an almshouse to feed beasts of prey, reptiles, and insects; he believed himself to be an unlimited despot; and, while amply supplied with the means of sensual pleasure, to which he devoted the largest portion of his time, he thought himself the greatest and the happiest of monarchs, without understanding, or caring to understand, during a reign of nineteen years, the troublesome details through which he was supplied with all that is necessary for animal gratification." According to , the Maharaja's lack of interest in the affairs of state, soon led two dalvoys, or ministers, Devaraja, the army chief, and his cousin, Nanjaraja, who was both the revenue minister and the privy councillor, to wield all authority in the kingdom. After Krishnaraja Wodeyar I's death in 1736, the dalvoys would appoint "puppet maharajas," and effectively rule Mysore until the rise of Haidar Ali in 1760. See also Province of Sira History of Mysore and Coorg, 1565–1760 Notes References Kings of Mysore 1702 births 1732 deaths 18th-century Indian monarchs
Sword Stained with Royal Blood is a wuxia novel by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). It was first serialised in the Hong Kong newspaper Hong Kong Commercial Daily between 1 January 1956 and 31 December 1956. Since its first publication, the novel has undergone two revisions, with the latest edition being the third. Some characters from the novel play minor roles or are simply mentioned by name in The Deer and the Cauldron, another of Jin Yong's novels. Plot The novel is set in China towards the end of the Ming dynasty. The protagonist, Yuan Chengzhi, is the son of Yuan Chonghuan, a patriotic general who had been wrongly put to death by the Chongzhen Emperor. After his father's death, Yuan was brought to the Mount Hua School, where he was trained in martial arts by the school's leader, Mu Renqing. Once he has grown up, he leaves Mount Hua in search of adventure. Serendipitous incidents lead him to discover the Golden Serpent Sword and a martial arts manual which once belonged to Xia Xueyi, a long-dead enigmatic swordsman. Yuan inherits Xia's possessions and skills and becomes a powerful swordsman. Yuan wanders around the land and meets Wen Qingqing, a young maiden from a family of brigands. Wen is actually Xia Xueyi's daughter and she follows Yuan after being expelled from her family. Although Yuan initially wanted to seek redress for his father, he eventually joins Li Zicheng's rebellion to overthrow the corrupt Ming government. He helps the rebels retrieve the gold robbed by the Wen family, sabotages a battery of cannons supplied to the Ming army by foreigners, and finances the rebellion with part of the treasure he discovered in Nanjing. Yuan also befriends several martial artists, who pledge allegiance to him out of respect for his heroism. He organises his followers to form a militia and they pledge to serve and defend the Han Chinese nation from internal and external threats. While Yuan sees overthrowing the corrupt Ming government as one of his key priorities, he also recognises that the Manchus in northeast China pose an even greater threat to the Han Chinese nation. Eager to prove his loyalty to his fellow Han Chinese, Yuan infiltrates the Manchu capital Mukden and attempts to assassinate the Manchu emperor Huangtaiji, but fails and narrowly escapes. Later, despite holding a grudge against the Chongzhen Emperor for his father's wrongful execution, he saves the emperor from a coup launched by a treacherous noble, Prince Hui. Around the same time, he meets He Tieshou, one of Prince Hui's allies and the leader of the Five Poisons Cult. Yuan succeeds in reforming her and accepts her as his apprentice. He also develops romantic relationships with Wen Qingqing and another maiden, Ajiu, who is actually Princess Changping, a daughter of the Chongzhen Emperor. Yuan ultimately regrets his decision to support Li Zicheng because after overthrowing the Ming government, Li not only fails to fulfil his promises to restore peace and stability, but also condones his followers' brutality towards the common people. After seeing that the interim government set up by the rebels is as equally corrupt as the former Ming government, Yuan feels so disappointed that he decides to abandon them. In the meantime, Wu Sangui, a former Ming general, defects to the Manchus and allows them to pass through Shanhai Pass. The Manchus eventually conquer the rest of China and establish the Qing dynasty. Yuan realises that he is unable to do anything to reverse the situation and decides to leave for good, so he sails to a distant land (the Bruneian Empire) with his companions. Characters Adaptations Films Television Video games He Tieshou was a playable character in the 2008 personal computer fighting game Street Fighter Online: Mouse Generation. References 1956 novels Novels by Jin Yong Novels first published in serial form Works originally published in the Hong Kong Commercial Daily Novels set in the Ming dynasty Novels about revenge Novels about orphans Novels set in the 17th century Chinese novels adapted into television series Shun dynasty Novels set in Shaanxi Novels set in Liaoning Novels set in Sichuan
Wilkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opinogóra Górna, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Opinogóra Górna, north-east of Ciechanów, and north of Warsaw. References Wilkowo
Chollinco Airport , is an airport serving Llifén, a lakeside village in the Los Ríos Region of Chile. The airport is in the valley of the Calcurrupe River east of the Ranco Lake shoreline. There is mountainous terrain north and south of the runway. See also Transport in Chile List of airports in Chile References External links OpenStreetMap - Chollinco OurAirports - Chollinco FallingRain - Chollinco Airport Airports in Los Ríos Region
Vidapanakal is a village in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Vidapanakal mandal in Anantapur revenue division. Geography Vidapanakallu is located at . It has an average elevation of 443 metres (1456 ft). Demographics According to Indian census, 2001, the demographic details of Vidapanakal mandal is as follows: Total Population: 48,353 in 9,116 Households. Male Population: 24,587 and Female Population: 23,766 Children Under 6-years of age: 6,897 (Boys - and Girls - 3,342) Total Literates: 19,138 References Villages in Anantapur district Mandal headquarters in Anantapur district
Eyrans is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. Population See also Communes of the Gironde department References Communes of Gironde
Aachen Hauptbahnhof (German for Aachen main station) is the most important railway station for the city of Aachen, in the far west of Germany near the Dutch and Belgian border. It is the largest of the four currently active Aachen stations, and is integrated into the long-distance network. History A station at Aachen was first opened in 1841, when the Rheinische Eisenbahngesellschaft opened its line from Cologne. The line first was extended to Herbesthal (near the Belgian border) and on 15 October 1843 to Antwerp. The first station was built outside of the city walls, however the city soon grew and the station eventually became surrounded by new buildings. The Prussian state railways deemed that rather impractical and decided to build a new station situated on a hillside. Embankments and new bridges were built from 1901 onward, and on 21 December 1905 the station opened at its new location. The station remained largely undisturbed until suffering from damage in 1944, when German troops were retreating. However, since the rail link was highly valued by the Allied forces, damage was cleared up rather quickly and in 1950 all war damage had been removed from the site. Since 2002 the Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway line allows connections to Cologne with speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph). Electrification In 1966, Aachen Hauptbahnhof was electrified. Due to its proximity to Belgium, it was decided to implement the switching point from the Deutsche Bahn's 15 kV AC to the 3000 V DC used by the NMBS/SNCB in the station. Tracks 6 to 9 therefore have a switchable catenary and are used for international Thalys, ICE and Regional-Express services. Renovations The station hall was renovated from 2000 to 2006. In 2007 a new electronic signal box was built, enabling more streamlined operations and automatic switching of the correct voltages. The cost estimate for the revamp was around €40 million. The main changes were: Construction of 400m long platforms for international traffic, replacing the old 250m platforms that did not allow economic usage due to their limited length. Special through tracks (tracks 3 and 4) for freight trains to the Netherlands and Belgium (via Montzen) to Aachen West. Constructional changes to the system changeover point to Belgium; a new track layout, which allows the smooth changeover of electric locomotives and is capable of handling the increasing number of through carriages. Improvement of the layout to remove operating problems, especially in the sidings. Train services The following services currently call at Aachen Hbf: Operational usage Aachen Hauptbahnhof is served by the following lines: Cologne–Aachen (KBS 480) Aachen–Brussels Aachen–Mönchengladbach (KBS 485) Liège–Aachen line (KBS 480a/L 37) References External links Railway stations in North Rhine-Westphalia Hauptbahnhof Art Nouveau architecture in Germany Railway stations in Germany opened in 1905 Art Nouveau railway stations
The Winter War was the 1939-1940 war between Finland and the Soviet Union. Winter War may also refer to: The Winter War (film), a 1989 Finnish film about the Winter War Winter War: The Russo-Finnish Conflict, a 1972 board wargame about the Winter War Fire and Ice: The Winter War of Finland and Russia, a 2006 documentary film Cold-weather warfare, military operations affected by snow, ice, thawing conditions or cold, both on land and at sea. See also The Huntsman: Winter's War Talvisota (disambiguation)
Antonella Spaggiari (born 27 April 1957) is an Italian politician. She was a member of the Italian Communist Party, serving also as party secretary and group leader at the city council of Reggio Emilia. She was elected mayor of Reggio Emilia to replace Giulio Fantuzzi and served from 1991 to 2004. She was appointed director of the Manodori Foundation in 2004. Biography Antonella Spaggiari was born in Reggio Emilia, Italy in 1957. See also List of mayors of Reggio Emilia References 1957 births Living people People from Reggio Emilia Italian Communist Party politicians 21st-century Italian women politicians 20th-century Italian women politicians Mayors of Reggio Emilia
Peltophorus adustus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America. References Further reading Curculionidae Articles created by Qbugbot Beetles described in 1906
Steve Maslow (born October 17, 1944) is an American sound engineer. He won three Academy Awards for Best Sound and has been nominated for four more in the same category. He has worked on more than 200 films since 1978. Selected filmography Maslow has won three Academy Awards for Best Sound and has been nominated for four more in the same category. Won Star Wars — Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) Speed (1994) Nominated Dune (1984) Waterworld (1995) Twister (1996) U-571 (2000) References External links 1944 births Living people American audio engineers Best Sound Mixing Academy Award winners Best Sound BAFTA Award winners Engineers from Los Angeles
```javascript OC.L10N.register( "workflowengine", { "The given operator is invalid" : "A megadott opertor rvnytelen", "The given regular expression is invalid" : "A megadott regulris kifejezs rvnytelen", "The given file size is invalid" : "A megadott fjlmret rvnytelen", "The given tag id is invalid" : "A megadott cmkeazonost rvnytelen", "The given IP range is invalid" : "A megadott IP-tartomny rvnytelen", "The given IP range is not valid for IPv4" : "A megadott IPv4-tartomny rvnytelen", "The given IP range is not valid for IPv6" : "A megadott IPv6-tartomny rvnytelen", "The given time span is invalid" : "A megadott idtartam rvnytelen", "The given start time is invalid" : "A megadott kezdsi id rvnytelen", "The given end time is invalid" : "A megadott befejezsi id rvnytelen", "The given group does not exist" : "A megadott csoport nem ltezik", "File" : "Fjl", "File created" : "A fjl ltrehozva", "File updated" : "A fjl frisstve", "File renamed" : "A fjl tnevezve", "File deleted" : "A fjl trlve", "File accessed" : "Hozzfrs a fjlhoz", "File copied" : "A fjl msolva", "Tag assigned" : "Cmke hozzrendelve", "Someone" : "Valaki", "%s created %s" : "%s ltrehozta a kvetkezt: %s", "%s modified %s" : "%s mdostotta a kvetkezt: %s", "%s deleted %s" : "%s trlte a kvetkezt: %s", "%s accessed %s" : "%s hozzfrt a kvetkezhz: %s", "%s renamed %s" : "%s tnevezte a kvetkezt: %s", "%s copied %s" : "%s tmsolta a kvetkezt: %s", "%s assigned %s to %s" : "%s hozzrendelte a kvetkezt: %s, hozz: %s", "Operation #%s does not exist" : "A(z) #%s mvelet nem ltezik", "Entity %s does not exist" : "A(z) %s entits nem ltezik", "Entity %s is invalid" : "A(z) %s entits rvnytelen", "No events are chosen." : "Nincs kivlasztva esemny.", "Entity %s has no event %s" : "A(z) %s entitsnak nincs esemnye %s", "Operation %s does not exist" : "A(z) %s mvelet nem ltezik", "Operation %s is invalid" : "A(z) #%s mvelet rvnytelen", "At least one check needs to be provided" : "Legalbb egy ellenrzst meg kell adni", "The provided operation data is too long" : "A megadott mveleti adatok tl hosszak", "Invalid check provided" : "rvnytelen ellenrzst adott meg", "Check %s does not exist" : "A(z) %s nem ltezik, ellenrizze", "Check %s is invalid" : "A(z) %s rvnytelen, ellenrizze", "Check %s is not allowed with this entity" : "A(z) %s ellenrzs nem engedlyezett ezzel az entitssal", "The provided check value is too long" : "A megadott ellenrzsi rtk tl hossz", "Check #%s does not exist" : "A(z) #%s nem ltezik, ellenrizze", "Check %s is invalid or does not exist" : "A(z) %s rvnytelen vagy nem ltezik, ellenrizze", "Flow" : "Folyamat", "Nextcloud workflow engine" : "Nextcloud munkafolyamat-motor", "Select a filter" : "Vlasszon szrt", "Select a comparator" : "Vlasszon sszehasonltt", "Remove filter" : "Szr eltvoltsa", "Select a file type" : "Vlasszon fjltpust", "e.g. httpd/unix-directory" : "pldul httpd/unix-directory", "Folder" : "Mappa", "Images" : "Kpek", "Office documents" : "Irodai dokumentumok", "PDF documents" : "PDF-dokumentumok", "Custom MIME type" : "Egyni MIME-tpus", "Custom mimetype" : "Egyni MIME-tpus", "Please enter a valid time span" : "rvnyes idtartamot adjon meg", "Select a request URL" : "Vlassza ki a krs URL-jt", "Files WebDAV" : "WebDAV-fjlok", "Custom URL" : "Egyni URL", "Select a user agent" : "Vlasszon felhasznli gynkt", "Android client" : "Android kliens", "iOS client" : "iOS klens", "Desktop client" : "Asztali kliens", "Thunderbird & Outlook addons" : "Thunderbird s Outlook kiegsztk", "Custom user agent" : "Egyni felhasznli gynk", "Select groups" : "Csoportok kivlasztsa", "Groups" : "Csoportok", "Type to search for group " : "Gpeljen az csoport keresshez", "Select a trigger" : "Vlasszon felttelt", "At least one event must be selected" : "Legalbb egy esemnyt ki kell vlasztani", "Add new flow" : "j folyamat hozzadsa", "When" : "Mikor", "and" : "s", "Add a new filter" : "j szr hozzadsa", "Cancel" : "Mgse", "Delete" : "Trls", "The configuration is invalid" : "A konfigurci rvnytelen", "Active" : "Aktv", "Save" : "Ments", "Available flows" : "Rendelkezsre ll folyamatok", "For details on how to write your own flow, check out the development documentation." : "A sajt folyamatnak megrsnak rszleteirt lsd a fejlesztsi dokumentcit.", "No flows installed" : "Nincsenek teleptett folyamatok", "Ask your administrator to install new flows." : "Krje meg a rendszergazdt, hogy teleptsen j folyamytokat.", "More flows" : "Tbb folyamat", "Browse the App Store" : "Alkalmazstr bngszse", "Show less" : "Kevesebb megjelentse", "Show more" : "Tbb megjelentse", "Configured flows" : "Belltott folyamatok", "Your flows" : "Az n folyamatai", "No flows configured" : "Nincsenek belltott folyamatok", "matches" : "egyezik", "does not match" : "nem egyezik", "is" : "ez", "is not" : "nem ez", "File name" : "Fjlnv", "File MIME type" : "Fjl MIME-tpusa", "File size (upload)" : "Fjlmret (feltlts)", "less" : "kisebb", "less or equals" : "kisebb vagy egyenl", "greater or equals" : "nagyobb vagy egyenl", "greater" : "nagyobb", "Request remote address" : "Tvoli cm krse", "matches IPv4" : "IPv4 egyezik", "does not match IPv4" : "IPv4 nem egyezik", "matches IPv6" : "IPv6 egyezik", "does not match IPv6" : "IPv6 nem egyezik", "File system tag" : "Fjlrendszercmke", "is tagged with" : "cmkzve ezzel", "is not tagged with" : "nincs cmkzve ezzel", "Request URL" : "Krs URL-je", "Request time" : "Krs ideje", "between" : "kztte", "not between" : "nincs kztte", "Request user agent" : "Krs felhasznli gynke", "Group membership" : "Csoporttagsg", "is member of" : "tagja ennek", "is not member of" : "nem tagja ennek", "User group membership" : "Felhasznli csoporttagsg" }, "nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);"); ```
Dead Artist Syndrome was a Christian gothic rock band formed in 1989 in Orange County, California. The group consisted of singer-songwriter Brian Healy and a rotating cast of side men. Healy was dubbed the "father of Christian goth" by Rozz Williams, and was an ordained minister. The name of D.A.S. according to Healy is "Dead Artist Syndrome means greater in death than in life, be it James Dean, Van Gogh or Jesus Christ". His debut album Prints of Darkness was a notable, groundbreaking release. The band had been sporadically active due to health issues, releasing two albums in the 2000s, and another in 2015. In 2006, Dead Artist Syndrome was named "Outstanding Orange County Band" by the editors and readers of Rock City News, a Los Angeles local music paper. For several years Healy was privately in poor health his gallbladder exploded while recording vocals resulting in emergency surgery, and a neurological disorder his wife Marie Tullai Healy described as "a combination of Michael J. Fox and the late Foster Brooks everybody thought he was drunk, Brian was falling down he broke his arm, slurring his speech trying to complete his record, next thing we know he's in a wheelchair, finally in 2012 they discovered the cause and he had brain surgery and is 100% back to his old self and had no idea any of this was going on, inside his head everything was fine". Healy said on his Facebook page 'He's back" and is actively recording, producing others and hosting Frontline Records Rewind Broadcast and podcast Healy died January 12, 2020 of a brain hemorrhage. Dead Artist Syndrome has included members of Undercover, The Choir, L.S.U., The 77's, and Ping backing Healy. Biography First years (1990–1994) Brian Healy while being a mainstream artist and actor was one of the first musicians to introduce gothic rock to the Christian music industry. In 1990, Healy independently released his first studio album, Prints of Darkness, as a one-man band. The album is characterized by post-punk influenced guitars, dark synthesizers and Healy's deep, gothic baritone vocals. Musicians Gym Nicholson and Ojo Taylor of Christian alternative rock group Undercover, Mike Sauerbrey of Christian alternative rock band The Choir and L.S.U. frontman and Blonde Vinyl Records president Mike Knott each made guest appearances. At the time, most Christian music enthusiasts who weren't familiar with gothic music didn't know how to classify Prints of Darkness. It was most often compared to one of the best-known gothic rock groups, The Sisters of Mercy. The album displayed satirical lyrics, a theme Healy would later become known for. Both Dead Artist Syndrome and its gothic rock style achieved more notice after Blonde Vinyl Records reissued Prints of Darkness in late 1991. The album begins with the song "Christmas", which is not a Christmas carol, but a rather sarcastic rock song that was said be a denouncement of the secularization and commercialization of what has become known as the "winter holiday season", Healy himself has stated "Christmas". is about separation from faith, church, friends and family at what is supposed to be the best day of the year" in many public and radio interviews. "Amy" is a haunting, romantic ballad, and while rumor to be about Amy Grant, Healy has stated "it's not, but I let people think what they want, that said the idea of Amy Grant actually hearing the song and being creeped out was amusing to me, it's my Alice Cooper side" while "Red" is a gloomy piece about a man who is mourning the loss of his wife, who may have either cheated on him, divorced him or died. The lyrics are said to symbolically to describe the apostasy of many churches, and relate to the Bible's description of the Church as the "Bride of Christ". The album ends with "Reach" which is a synthesizer-driven worship song. Healy released his second album Devils, Angels & Saints in 1992 on Eden Records. It was said that the album showcased a bit more accessible style while the music still fit in the gothic rock style of the early 1990s. Notable tracks include the sarcastic "Beautiful World", a passionate, gothic flavored cover of The Mamas & the Papas song "California Dreaming", as well as the haunting ballad "If the Stars Should Fall". Healy experimented with industrial sounds on "Obsexed", which is a commentary on sexual promiscuity, and features danceable synthesizers and processed vocals. The musical versability widened on the third Dead artist Syndrome album, Happy Hour while still retaining with Healy's dark humor and gothic rock style. The album begins with the rock song "Y.S.D." ("Young, Sexy and Dead") which is a tragic tribute to the Marilyn Monroe and all others who lived fast and died young. Healy revisits the themes of apostasy and hypocrisy prevalent in Church on "Bride Song". Unlike the gloomy approach of "Red", "Bride Song" addresses the issue with dark humor and likens the church to a snotty, backstabbing woman. The so-called happy portion of the album's title is apparent on the songs "Radiation" and "Glory", both of which feature worship-filled lyrics, as radiation is a metaphor for the Holy Spirit. Also, Healy experiments with "surf punk" sounds on "U.S.A", which features a "ba ba ba" chorus similar to Ramones' classic "I Want to Be Sedated". The aforementioned "Bride Song" also features an old school punk rock approach, while the title track is a dreamy, guitar-driven instrumental that closes the album. Mike Roe, Mark Harmon and David Leonhardt of Christian alternative rock group The 77's assisted on both Happy Hour and Devils, Angels & Saints. Hiatus (1995–2000) In 1995, Healy put Dead Artist Syndrome on hiatus for the rest of the decade. During that time, he became an ordained minister. He also became a father and survived a heart attack. The Christian goth scene that Healy pioneered grew notably during the latter half of the 1990s. The gothic rock-opera/metal group Saviour Machine became the Christian goth movement's standard bearer and were joined by numerous other bands. New era (2001–2020) Healy reformed Dead Artist Syndrome in the early 2000s. He released a new album carrying the sarcastic title Jesus Wants You to Buy This Record in 2001; which was initially made available at Cornerstone Festival. The album was noted for its several new songs, including the gothic worship song "In Your Hands". The title track (a collaborative effort with D.A.S. sideman Jeff Elbel of Ping) was a biting, sarcastic commentary on the crass commercialism that has taken over parts of the CCM industry, "Life Amongst The Dead", "Pray" and "Rich Girl", which was originally recorded for Prints of Darkness, but left off because it was thought to be too sarcastic at the time. Healy co-worked up with Saviour Machine frontman Eric Clayton on a remake of the Daniel Amos' early 1980s song "Through the Speakers", and included covers of two songs from the 1970s: The Bee Gees' mournful ballad "I Started a Joke" and Cheap Trick's light-hearted rock song "Surrender", with the original's reference to Kiss replaced by Cheap Trick. Christian rock group The 77's made guest appearances on live versions of early songs "Christmas" and "Angeline", and Healy went acoustic on live recordings of "Hello" and "Beautiful World". In 2003, Healy released his sixth studio album, Saving Grace. His criticism of the shallowness and hypocrisy that is said to infect the church resurfaced in "Christian America", which is an industrial rock song that delivers its message in a witty, sarcastic style similar to 1980s Christian new wave musician Steve Taylor. The album also includes a cover of Simon and Garfunkel's "Richard Cory", and a version of "Bride Song" recorded live at the Cornerstone Festival as an unlisted bonus track. In a January 2013 interview, Ric Alba said he was working on a new Dead Artist Syndrome album with Healy, Ojo Taylor, Gym Nicholson, Riki Michele, Marc Plainguet, and John Picarri. The project was released in 2015 titled Kissing Strangers. Healy's acting career Brian Healy's activities extend outside of the realm of music into film and acting. On a number of occasions Healy was a stand-in double for actor John Candy; including such notable films as Spaceballs, The Great Outdoors, and Planes, Trains, and Automobiles. The influences of Brian Healy's acting career can be seen in the dramatic aspects of his musical stage performances. Music historian Brian Healy is also considered a leading expert in radio and music programing. In 2008, he was awarded Rock City News Best DJ honors for his vast knowledge formatting various clubs and radio stations worldwide. Discography Prints of Darkness, 1990 Devils, Angels & Saints (as D.A.S.), 1992 Happy Hour, 1995 "Through the Speakers" on When Worlds Collide: A Tribute to Daniel Amos, and the music of Terry Scott Taylor, 2000 Jesus Wants You to Buy This Record: The Limited Edition Obligatory Cornerstone Release, 2001 Saving Grace, 2003 Prints of Darkness: 13th Anniversary Edition, 2003 Kissing Strangers, 2015 References Christian rock groups from California Musical groups from Orange County, California American gothic rock groups Musical groups established in 1990 Musical groups disestablished in 1995 Musical groups reestablished in 2001 Musical groups disestablished in 2020
Josep Maria de Porcioles i Colomer (; Amer, 15 July 1904 – Vilassar de Dalt, 3 September 1993) was the mayor of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain for sixteen years, from 15 March 1957 until 11 May 1973 during the fascist dictatorship of Francisco Franco. His long administration is associated with the rapid economic and industrial growth of the city during Spain's desarrolisme and unplanned urban sprawl in Barcelona to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of immigrants attracted to the city from southern Spain. He was finally forced to retire in 1973 due to neighbourhood protests over the poor quality of the housing in the new areas and lack of social provision, and the speculation and corruption associated with the mayor. He is interred in the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona. References Politicians from Catalonia Mayors of Barcelona City Council 1904 births 1993 deaths Francoism in Catalonia FET y de las JONS politicians
The European Masters Athletics Championships Non Stadia is a biennial international athletics competition for masters athletes aged 35 and over, organised by European Masters Athletics. Formerly known as the European Veterans Non-Stadia Championships, it was first held in 1989. It typically takes place over two or three days in April or May. The competition provides European championship competitions for masters athletes in non-track and field athletics events. This includes road running events in the 10K run and half marathon, relay cross country running events, and racewalking events in the 10 kilometres race walk, 20 kilometres race walk (women only), and 30 kilometres race walk (men only). Men's and women's marathon championships were contested in 1989 and men's and women's 25K run events were held in 1991. Editions References Masters athletics (track and field) competitions Recurring sporting events established in 1989 Biennial athletics competitions Athletics competitions in Europe 1989 establishments in Europe
A diplomatic crisis began between the countries of Kuwait and the Philippines in early 2018 over concerns of the latter over the situation of Filipino migrant workers in the gulf country. The diplomatic row was a result of the discovery of the corpse of Joanna Demafelis, a Filipino domestic worker working in Kuwait which has been inside an abandoned warehouse since November 2016. In response to the discovery, President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the suspension of deployment of Filipino migrant workers to Kuwait and organized a voluntary repatriation program for Filipinos already working in Kuwait. The move was criticized by the Kuwaiti government but both the Philippines and Kuwait went on to cooperate regarding the Demafelis murder case leading to the conviction of Demafelis' killers in absentia as well as improve the working conditions of Filipino migrant workers in Kuwait in general. However, relations were further strained in late April after a video emerged showing Philippine embassy officials purportedly rescuing Filipino maids from allegedly abusive employers. Kuwait called the operations as a violation of its sovereignty, expelled the Philippine Ambassador to Kuwait and recalled its own envoy in Manila. Background A diplomatic crisis between Kuwait and the Philippines began when the killing of Joanna Demafelis, a Filipino domestic worker working in Kuwait, came to public attention in 2018. The Philippine Department of Labor and Employment directed its staff to stop processing deployment certificates to Filipinos seeking to work on Kuwait on January 19, 2018, following a series of death of Filipino domestic workers mentioned by President Rodrigo Duterte in a speech the day before. Duterte has requested for a total ban of Filipino worker deployment to Kuwait. The case of Demafelis was the particular incident that resulted to the ban. Demafelis had been killed two years earlier and her death only came to public attention when her corpse was found inside a freezer in a warehouse abandoned since November 2016. It was on February 12, 2018, that DOLE officially enforced a deployment ban of Filipino migrant workers in Kuwait. It was clarified that seafarers boarding from Kuwait, rehired workers who would be returning to the gulf country, and tourists are exempted from the ban. In addition to the deployment ban, the Philippine government has offered Filipino workers already in Kuwait to be voluntarily repatriated. There are around 250,000 Filipinos working in Kuwait, 65 percent of which are domestic helpers, according to the Philippine embassy in 2018. Developments Kuwaiti government response The Kuwaiti government has criticized the migrant worker ban imposed by the Philippines in gulf country and has stated that all cases of alleged abuse against Filipino migrant workers are being handled by its laws. The National Assembly of Kuwait has discussed the situation of the Filipino migrant workers in the country. On April 3, 2018, the Kuwait government announced that it aims to recruit more Ethiopians as domestic workers to compensate for deficit in the labor force caused by its diplomatic row with the Philippines. Repatriation of Filipino workers By the end of March 2018, 4,000 Filipino workers has been voluntarily repatriated from Kuwait and the Philippine government is negotiating with Kuwait for the repatriation of 6,000 more workers Demafelis murder case Lebanese man Nader Essam Assaf, and his Syrian wife were accused for the killing of Demafelis. With the help of Interpol the two were detained in the Syrian capital of Damascus in February 2018. The Syrian government handed custody of Assaf to Lebanon while Assaf's wife remained in Syria. On April 1, 2018, a Kuwaiti court convicted the couple of murder and sentenced them to death by hanging. They were tried in absentia. April 21 Philippine embassy operation Relations between the two countries became more strained when a video emerged depicting operations of Philippine embassy officials purportedly rescuing Filipino maids from alleged abusive employers. The operation conducted on April 21, 2018, was seen by Kuwait as a "flagrant" violation of its sovereignty. Filipino diplomats in the Philippines insist that the operations were not clandestine. Two embassy staff members were alleged to have encourage Filipino migrant workers to leave their employers. The Philippine government on April 24 apologized for the incident saying it acknowledges Kuwait has its own laws while maintaining that the welfare of Filipino migrant workers are also within its interest. The following day, Kuwait declared Philippine Ambassador Renato Villa persona non grata demanding Villa to leave the gulf country within the week, and recalled its envoy in Manila for consultations. The Philippines called the move "deeply disturbing" and said that Kuwait "reneged" on an earlier agreement to cooperate. Kuwait arrested four drivers and three diplomats involved in the operation and pressed charges against them. Following a meeting between officials of the two countries, the four drivers involved were released and the charges against them were dropped. Agreement Negotiations Authorities from both countries have been engaged in talks to defuse diplomatic tensions. On February 14, 2018, the governments of Kuwait and the Philippines announced they come to consensus to sign an agreement on working conditions regulations. Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte has also been invited to make a state visit to Kuwait. Duterte, on March 6, laid two conditions for the labor deployment ban on Kuwait to be lifted; the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on labor policies between Kuwait and the Philippines, and that "justice be served" in regards to the death of Joanna Demafelis. On March 16, a draft agreement was accomplished by officials from the two countries and was expected to be signed in Kuwait in two weeks. Despite Kuwait's action on the Philippine Ambassador and its own envoy in Manila, Philippine Foreign Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano stated on April 25, that the agreement is now planned to be signed in the Philippines and the Kuwait government has followed-up regarding the agreement. Cayetano also encouraged Duterte to accept Kuwait's invitation to make a state visit to the Middle Eastern country. However, President Rodrigo Duterte shortly declared that the labor deployment ban as "permanent". Duterte also said that the signing of the labor agreement with Kuwait will not push through and that he will not make a visit to the gulf country. Harry Roque, the Philippine presidential spokesperson later contradicted Duterte's statement saying that the ban is not "permanent" and may still be lifted. Signing The memorandum of agreement (MoU) entitled "Agreement on the Employment of Domestic Workers" between the Philippines and Kuwait was signed by representatives of Kuwait and the Philippines on May 11, 2018. The two countries had a consensus on labor matters which covered all migrant domestic workers in Kuwait regardless of their nationality. Under the deal, certain rights of migrant workers were recognized: They can't have their passports and other travel documents kept by their employers; and they have the right to use their mobile phones. Workers are now also entitled to be provided food, housing, clothing, and health insurance by their employers and at least a day off from work each week. Filipino workers can't be a transferred to another employer without the consent of the worker or approval from the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA). Contract renewals which used to be automatic now had to be subject to approval of the POEA. Aftermath of the deal signing Philippine Foreign Affairs Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano has announced that a new Philippine Ambassador to Kuwait will be appointed and that he will advised Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte to lift the deployment ban of Filipino workers to Kuwait. Duterte on his part has stated that he is open to lifting the ban following the signing of the deal. On May 12, 2018, a partial lifting of the ban was announced by the Philippine government allowing the deployment of "skilled" and "semi-skilled" workers to Kuwait and Philippine Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque has stated that relations between the two countries has normalized. Duterte ordered the deployment ban to be fully lifted on May 16 and on May 22 he declared that his country's relation with Kuwait is now "okay". See also Kuwait–Philippines relations, general international relations between the two countries Sondos Alqattan, critic of the agreement on migrant domestic workers which ended the diplomatic crisis. Death of Jeanelyn Villavende, a Filipino domestic worker in Kuwait in 2019 Death of Jullebee Ranara, a Filipino domestic worker in Kuwait in 2023 References Kuwait–Philippines relations Diplomatic incidents Kuwait-Philippine crisis Kuwait-Philippine crisis Human rights abuses in Kuwait Economic history of Kuwait Migrant workers Kuwait-Philippine diplomatic crisis
Law Graduate Assessment Test (GAT) is a law graduation test for Eligibility to seek Enrollment as an Advocate in Bar Council for law graduates (LLB) in Pakistan. The test is administered by the Education Testing Council(ETC). The Law GAT test is administered by the Higher Education Commission HEC. Types of Tests There are the following kinds of GAT tests. Law GAT, for law graduates (LLB) to enrolled as an Advocate in Pakistan SEE Law GAT, for law graduates from Foreign Universities to enrolled as an Advocate in Pakistan Law GAT Course Content 1.Constitution of Pakistan (20 marks) 2.Jurisprudence (islamic, English) (10 marks) 3.Civil Procedure Code (20 marks) 4.Criminal law (20 marks) 5.Law of Evidence (20 marks) 6.Professional Ethics (10 marks) Total Marks 100 Passing Marks 50 GAT syllabus Law GAT important Notes Law GAT Past Papers, Build confidence and students are able to check there level of Preparation Law GAT Past Papers 2018-2023 Validity of the Score The test score of GAT General or GAT Subject remains valid for 2 years. The test score of Law GAT and SEE Law is valid after enrolment in Bar for a lifetime. Number of Chances to appear in Law GAT There are seven chances (2023) to appear in the HEC Law GAT test. Number of Chances to appear in SEE Law There are seven chances to appear in HEC SEE Law test. References External links https://etc.hec.gov.pk/ Education Testing Council Official NTS GAT-General website Official NTS GAT-Subject website Official HEC LAW-Test website GAT Syllabus Entrance examinations Standardised tests in Pakistan
Paul Robert Dearing (2 March 1942 – 6 April 2015) was a field hockey player from Australia, who won the silver medal with the Men's National Team at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Four years earlier he captured the bronze medal. He was born in Hamilton, New South Wales, Australia. References External links 1942 births 2015 deaths Australian male field hockey players Olympic field hockey players for Australia Field hockey players at the 1964 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 1972 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medalists for Australia Olympic bronze medalists for Australia Olympic medalists in field hockey Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Newcastle, New South Wales Sportsmen from New South Wales
Manabu Iwahashi (born 10 February 1908, date of death unknown) was a Japanese equestrian. He competed in four events at the 1936 Summer Olympics. References 1908 births Year of death missing Japanese male equestrians Olympic equestrians for Japan Equestrians at the 1936 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing
Edwards and Plunkett was an American architectural firm active between 1925 and 1940 in Santa Barbara, California. It was founded by William Albert Edwards (1888–1976) and James Joseph Plunkett (1900–1946), who were among the most famous practitioners of the Spanish Colonial Revival style in Santa Barbara. From 1926 to 1928, Henry Ward Howell (1889–1962) was a junior partner, and they operated as Edwards, Plunkett, and Howell. Their works include the Arlington Theatre, the Janssens–Orella–Birk Building, and the original terminal building of the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport. History Early years Edwards was born in May 1888 in Santa Barbara. He attended the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Pennsylvania, graduating with a degree in architecture in 1912, before moving back to Santa Barbara to start his own architecture firm in 1919. His early work included the Red Cross Drug Store at 828 State Street and the Morning Press Building, also on the 800 block. Both buildings were damaged in the 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake. Plunkett, meanwhile, was born in Rome, New York, in 1900, one of 11 children. He moved to California in 1922, where he worked on the Santa Maria Inn with an architect in Santa Maria before marrying and settling in Santa Barbara to work for the Mount Diablo Building Corporation. Partnership On the day of the earthquake, Edwards and Plunkett obtained a permit to tour the rubble and received numerous commissions. A third designer, Henry Ward Howell (1889–1962) joined as a junior partner in 1926, before leaving the firm in 1928 to start his own practice. They were very prolific in these early years, and worked almost exclusively in the Spanish Revival style that the city was promoting at the time. Among the buildings they designed were the Medical Arts Building at 1421 Chapala Street, the Woman's Club at 670 Mission Canyon Road, and the Janssens–Orella–Birk Building. In 1929, construction began on the Fox Arlington Theatre, arguably the firm's most significant work. It received extensive press coverage during and after its completion, in publications including the Los Angeles Times, Southwest Builder and Contractor, Motion Picture Herald, and Architectural Record. The architectural historian David Gebhard identifies its construction as one of three events, along with the completion of the Santa Barbara County Courthouse and the publication of Henry Philip Staat's Californian Architecture in Santa Barbara, that "stand forth as landmarks in [Santa Barbara's] effort to develop an 'appropriate' architecture for itself", a "culmination of the efforts of the Plans and Planning Committee of the County Arts Association to revamp Santa Barbara's image into that of a Spanish Mediterranean village." Dissolution and aftermath Edwards and Plunkett worked together steadily until 1940, when Edwards left for a government job up north. Plunkett continued alone, designing the El Presidio building at 802–812 Anacapa Street, which he did not live to see completed, as his final work. He died in May 1946. Edwards returned to Santa Barbara after the war and formed the firm of Edwards and Wade in 1946, before retiring in 1950. He died in 1976. His son Peter (1924–2018) was also a Santa Barbara architect, founding his own architectural firm, Edwards–Pitman, with John Pitman in 1957. Legacy Many of the buildings designed by Edwards and Plunkett remain standing. The Janssens-Orella-Birk Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, the Arlington Theatre was listed as a City of Santa Barbara Historic Landmark in 1983, and several of their buildings have been listed as Structures of Merit by the City of Santa Barbara. Their drawings are housed in the Architecture and Design Collection at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 2020, the celebrities Katy Perry and Orlando Bloom purchased an estate in Montecito designed by Edwards and Plunkett and renovated by Lutah Maria Riggs. Selected work These works are listed with photographs and brief descriptions in Herb Andree and Noel Young, Santa Barbara Architecture: from Spanish Colonial to Modern, 2nd edition, pp. 116–125, unless otherwise cited. Addresses are in Santa Barbara unless otherwise listed. Buildings whose exteriors have been altered since construction date are indicated as such. William A. Edwards (before 1925) Red Cross Drug Store, 828 State Street, 1925 (demolished) Morning Press Building, 800 block State Street, c. 1925 (demolished) Victoria Hotel, 22 E. Victoria Street, 1925 Edwards, Plunkett, and Howell (1926–1928) Medical Arts Building, 1421 Chapala Street, 1926 Hunt Mercantile, 1025 Chapala Street, 1927 Santa Barbara Woman's Club, 670 Mission Canyon Road, 1927 (altered) Copper Coffee Pot (Janssens–Orella–Birk Building), 1029 State Street, 1927 (altered) Commercial Building (now Wells Fargo bank), 1036 Anacapa Street, 1927 (altered), with Marston and Van Pelt El Centro Building, 21 E. Canon Perdido Street, 1927 House, 2010 Grand Avenue, 1928 Rogers House, 3626 San Remo Drive, 1927 (altered) House, Montecito, 1928 House, Hope Ranch, 1928 (altered) Post House, Montecito, 1928 (altered) Santa Barbara Fire Station 3, 415 E. Sola Street, 1929 (altered) Fox Arlington Theater, 1317 State Street, 1929–31 Salsbury Field Building, address unknown Johnston Cafeteria, 916 State Street (demolished) Standard Oil Filling Station, address unknown Edwards and Plunkett (1928–1939) John Austin House, 405 Canon Drive, 1929 Cold Spring School, 2243 Sycamore Canyon Road, Montecito, c. 1930 (altered) Apartments, 1800 El Encanto Road, c. 1930 (altered) House, 1806 El Encanto Road, 1930 House, 1630 Grand Avenue, 1930 McCormick House, Montecito, 1933 Santa Barbara Municipal Airport Terminal Building, Sandspit Road, Goleta, 1941 (altered) John J. Mitchell Ranch and Residence (Rancho Juan y Lolita), 3280 Via Rancheros, Santa Ynez, c. 1930s National Guard Armory, 700 E. Canon Perdido Street, c. 1930s Clarence Mitchell House, address unknown, c. 1930s A. R. Demory House, Santa Barbara, c. 1930s E. G. Linscott House, Hope Ranch, c. 1930s Joseph Plunkett (after 1939) El Presidio Building, 812-802 Anacapa Street, 1945 (altered) See also History of Santa Barbara, California Spanish Colonial Revival architecture George Washington Smith (architect) Reginald Davis Johnson Lutah Maria Riggs References Andree, Herb, and Noel Young. Santa Barbara Architecture: from Spanish Colonial to Modern. Second edition. With photographs by Wayne McCall and an introduction by David Gebhard. Santa Barbara: Capra Press, 1980. "City of Santa Barbara Designated Structures of Merit as of June 10, 2021". City of Santa Barbara. 10 June 2021. "Red Cross Drug Store, 828 State Street, Santa Barbara, California". Photograph. 1926. Community Development and Conservation Collection. SBHC Mss 1. Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. Redmon, Michael. "Architect Joseph J. Plunkett: Designed Gems from Arlington to the Airport". Santa Barbara Independent. 2 March 2017. Staats, H. Philip. Californian Architecture in Santa Barbara. 1929. New edition, with an introduction by David Gebhard. Stamford, Connecticut: Architectural Book Publishing Company, 1990. Notes External links Illustrated profile at the City of Santa Barbara website Historic Preservation, City of Santa Barbara Defunct architecture firms based in California
```arduino /* * This sketch will map the maximum frequency depending on the bit resolution for the current SoC. * Run the sketch and wait for the Final report. * Ignore the error messages from incorrect settings such as these: * "E (4190) ledc: requested frequency and duty resolution can not be achieved, try reducing freq_hz or duty_resolution. div_param=255" * * Date: 11 Nov 2022 * Author: Tomas Pilny */ #include "soc/soc_caps.h" #include <string> #define PIN 2 void setup() { ledcAttach(PIN, 1000, 8); uint32_t min_frequency; uint32_t max_frequency; uint32_t frequency; uint32_t successful_frequency; uint32_t max_freq_array[SOC_LEDC_TIMER_BIT_WIDTH]; uint32_t min_freq_array[SOC_LEDC_TIMER_BIT_WIDTH]; // Find Max Frequency for (uint8_t resolution = 1; resolution <= SOC_LEDC_TIMER_BIT_WIDTH; ++resolution) { max_freq_array[resolution - 1] = 0; min_frequency = 0; max_frequency = UINT32_MAX; successful_frequency = 0; while (min_frequency != max_frequency && min_frequency + 1 != max_frequency) { frequency = min_frequency + ((max_frequency - min_frequency) / 2); if (ledcChangeFrequency(PIN, frequency, resolution)) { min_frequency = frequency; successful_frequency = frequency; } else { max_frequency = frequency; } } // while not found the maximum max_freq_array[resolution - 1] = successful_frequency; } // for all resolutions // Find Min Frequency for (uint8_t resolution = 1; resolution <= SOC_LEDC_TIMER_BIT_WIDTH; ++resolution) { min_freq_array[resolution - 1] = 0; min_frequency = 0; max_frequency = max_freq_array[resolution - 1]; successful_frequency = max_frequency; while (min_frequency != max_frequency && min_frequency + 1 != max_frequency) { frequency = min_frequency + ((max_frequency - min_frequency) / 2); if (ledcChangeFrequency(PIN, frequency, resolution)) { max_frequency = frequency; successful_frequency = frequency; } else { min_frequency = frequency; } } // while not found the maximum min_freq_array[resolution - 1] = successful_frequency; } // for all resolutions printf("Bit resolution \| Min Frequency [Hz] \| Max Frequency [Hz]\n"); for (uint8_t r = 1; r <= SOC_LEDC_TIMER_BIT_WIDTH; ++r) { size_t max_len = std::to_string(UINT32_MAX).length(); printf( " %s%d \| %s%lu \| %s%lu\n", std::string(2 - std::to_string(r).length(), ' ').c_str(), r, std::string(max_len - std::to_string(min_freq_array[r - 1]).length(), ' ').c_str(), min_freq_array[r - 1], std::string(max_len - std::to_string(max_freq_array[r - 1]).length(), ' ').c_str(), max_freq_array[r - 1] ); } ledcDetach(PIN); } void loop() { delay(1000); } ```
The third driverless car competition of the DARPA Grand Challenge was commonly known as the DARPA Urban Challenge. It took place on November 3, 2007 at the site of the now-closed George Air Force Base (currently used as Southern California Logistics Airport), in Victorville, California (Google map), in the West of the United States. Discovery's Science channel followed a few of the teams and covered the Urban Challenge in its Robocars series. Overview The $2 million winner was Tartan Racing, a collaborative effort by Carnegie Mellon University and General Motors Corporation, with their vehicle "Boss", a heavily modified Chevrolet Tahoe. The second-place finisher earning the $1 million prize was the Stanford Racing Team with their entry "Junior", a 2006 Volkswagen Passat. Coming in third place was team Victor Tango from Virginia Tech winning the $500,000 prize with their 2005 Ford Escape hybrid, "Odin". The course involved a urban area course, to be completed in less than 6 hours. Rules included obeying all traffic regulations while negotiating with other traffic and obstacles and merging into traffic. While the 2004 and 2005 events were more physically challenging for the vehicles, the robots operated in isolation and did not encounter other vehicles on the course, the Urban Challenge required designers to build vehicles able to obey all traffic laws while they detect and avoid other vehicles on the course; other competing robots and human professional drivers occupied the course. This is a particular challenge for vehicle software, as vehicles must make "intelligent" decisions in real time based on the actions of other vehicles. Other than previous autonomous vehicle efforts that focused on structured situations such as highway driving with little interaction between the vehicles, this competition operated in a more cluttered urban environment and required the cars to perform sophisticated interactions with each other, such as maintaining precedence at a 4-way stop intersection. The advantages of this technology are potentially enormous. Well-coordinated fully automatic driving will be much more efficient, with reduction in traffic jams and road accidents, which cost trillions per year in the US alone. Efficiency will also reduce energy consumption and thus pollution and climate change. Unlike the past two challenges, DARPA announced that some teams were to receive development funding, based on proposals submitted to DARPA. Eleven teams could receive up to US$1 million a piece under this special program track (Track A). These 11 teams largely represent major universities and large corporate interests such as CMU teaming with GM, Stanford and Braunschweig University of Technology teaming with Volkswagen, Virginia Tech teaming with Torc Robotics, Oshkosh Truck, Honeywell, Raytheon, Caltech, Autonomous Solutions, Cornell, and MIT. One of the few independent entries in Track A was the Golem Group. Basic rules for 2007 Vehicle must be stock or have a documented safety record. Vehicle must obey the California state driving laws. Vehicle must be entirely autonomous, using only the information it detects with its sensors and public signals such as GPS. DARPA will provide the route network 24 hours before the race starts. Vehicles will complete the route by driving between specified checkpoints. DARPA will provide a file detailing the order the checkpoints must be driven to 5 minutes before the race start. Vehicles may “stop and stare” for at most 10 seconds. Vehicles must operate in rain and fog, with GPS blocked. Vehicles must avoid collision with vehicles and other objects such as carts, bicycles, traffic barrels, and objects in the environment such as utility poles. Vehicles must be able to operate in parking areas and perform U-turns as required by the situation. Initial site visits In June/July 2007, 53 teams (see list below) were notified that they qualified for DARPA Site visits. Those teams that were successful in these evaluations moved on to a national qualifying event that took place in October 2007. Semi-finalists On August 9, 2007, after completing the site visits, DARPA announced the 36 semi-finalists selected to participate in the Urban Challenge National Qualification Event (NQE) that took place October 26–31, 2007. Originally, the top 20 teams from that event were scheduled to proceed to the final competition on November 3, however only 11 teams were selected. The 36 semifinalists were: National Qualification Event The National Qualification Event for the 2007 challenge occurred between October 26 and 31, 2007. 35 teams were selected to participate in this semifinal round. The qualifying rounds included 3 areas: A, B, and C. Area A was a test of the robots' ability to merge. A 2-way loop of human traffic (provided by professional stunt drivers) surrounded a one-way road running from one side of the loop to the other. Robots had to go from the one-way road, make a left turn into traffic, follow the loop 180 degrees, and make another left turn onto the one-way road again. Robots were free to make as many laps as they could in the allotted time. Area B was mostly closed to spectators except for the start and finish, and involved the robots navigating a long suburban route demonstrating parking, navigation, and avoiding stalled cars along the way. Area B was part of the final event course. In Area C, robots performed several loops into two 4-way intersections in order to test their implementation of 4-way stops. Each loop, human drivers would provide a progressively more difficult intersection situation. At some points in Area C, roads would be blocked to test robots' ability to re-plan routes. On November 1, 2007 it was announced that there would be only 11 teams competing in the Urban Challenge. The 11 teams selected to compete were the following: AnnieWay Ben Franklin Team CarOLO Cornell Intelligent Vehicle Systems MIT Stanford Racing Tartan Racing Team Oshkosh Team UCF Victor Tango DARPA's reasoning for only qualifying 11 teams was primarily safety-related. DARPA felt that since there would be real humans near the robots in the traffic cars as well as DARPA officials scoring robot performance, safety was paramount. Teams were given sparsely defined waypoints charting the course for the robocars to follow. However, other teams generated a detailed map of the qualifications tracks. A debriefing published by one of the teams illustrated graphically the course it was given by DARPA contrasted against the course used by the winning team. Finals Starting Area: The final event for the DARPA Urban Challenge took place on November 3, 2007, and included all 11 teams which made it past the semi-final National Qualification Event. The event was broadcast on a live webcast via the DARPA Urban Challenge website, narrated by Marty Reid (racing sportscaster) and Grant Imahara (of MythBusters acclaim), with "sideline reporting" by Jamie Hyneman (also of Mythbusters). The final event consisted of three missions, approximately in total, given to each team. A team's score for each mission was computed by taking the total time taken to complete the mission, and adding and subtracting penalties and bonuses. Penalties were assessed for excessive delay, violating traffic rules, exhibiting dangerous behavior, etc. Vehicles were frequently manually paused for safety reasons; if a vehicle was not the root cause of such a pause then the duration of the pause was not counted in its final score. In order to officially complete the race, a vehicle's adjusted time for the three missions must be under six hours. Six autonomous vehicle teams finished the event; Carnegie Mellon, Stanford, Virginia Tech, Ben Franklin Racing, MIT, and Cornell. On November 4, CMU's Boss was named the winner, followed by Stanford's Junior, then Virginia Tech's Odin, and MIT's Talos. Final adjusted scores for the six vehicles were not announced. Race participants and results References External links The full source code for Cornell's DARPA Urban Challenge Vehicle Victorville, California
Jalan Chikus (Perak state route A122) is a major road in Perak, Malaysia. List of junctions Chikus
North Wall () is an area east of the inner north side of Dublin, along the River Liffey where it forms one of the Dublin quays. It contains the entire north side of Dublin Docklands and includes the International Financial Services Centre, Spencer Dock, and further east the main part of Dublin Port. The area is dominated by a combination of older housing, dockland activities and new development through the Docklands Strategic Development Zone Planning Scheme, including construction of new retail, residential and office spaces. Transport in the area includes the Dublin Area Rapid Transit (Docklands railway station on Sheriff Street), the LUAS (red line stations George's Dock, Mayor Square, Spencer Dock, and The Point, and 8 dublinbikes stations (at Custom House Quay, City Quay, Excise Walk, Lime Street, Guild Street, Convention Centre, New Central Bank, and The Point). See also Spencer Dock 3Arena Dublin Docklands Docklands Strategic Development Zone Dublin Docklands Towns and villages in Dublin (city)
John Anthony (born 3 December 1944) is an English music producer. He has worked with Van der Graaf Generator, Genesis, Queen, Roxy Music and Peter Hammill. Career Anthony was born in North Shields, then in Northumberland now in North Tyneside. He started out in 1966 as a DJ in Windsor, Berkshire, where two years later he sang briefly with two bands: the Soul Agents, and Hogsnort Rupert and the Good Good Band. After moving to London, he worked as a club DJ at The Roundhouse, the UFO Club, and Middle Earth, and then in 1968 at the Speakeasy. After having produced and recorded a demonstration disc for Yes in 1968, he started his years as a music producer, eventually producing all the acts in the 1971 "Six Bob Tour", featuring Genesis, Lindisfarne, and Van der Graaf Generator. He had a saying for producing music: "There's one right way to do an album, and four hundred wrong ones." In 1969 as an artists and repertoire (A&R) man for Mercury Records in London, Anthony was asked by Lou Reizner to produce an album by Van der Graaf Generator. Tony Stratton Smith, the manager of Van der Graaf Generator, was so impressed with the resulting The Aerosol Grey Machine that he hired Anthony as an A&R man and staff producer at the newly formed Charisma Records. In late 1971 Anthony formed Neptune Productions, his own production company with the owners of Trident Studios and signed Queen to Neptune in late 1971. Anthony moved to the US in 1975 and became head of A&R at A&M Records in New York. Credits References Bibliography Bronson, Paul (2003). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits, 5th ed. Billboard Books. Christopulos, J., & Smart, P. (2005). Van der Graaf Generator, The Book: A History of the Band Van der Graaf Generator 1967 to 1978. Phil and Jim Publishers. Frith, Simon (1981). Sound Effects: Youth, Leisure, and the Politics of Rock 'n' Roll. Pantheon Books. Thompson, Dave (2004). Turn It On Again: Peter Gabriel, Phil Collins & Genesis. Hal Leonard Corporation. 1944 births Living people Musicians from Tyne and Wear English record producers People from North Shields Engineers from Tyne and Wear
Hojjatoleslam Abbas Amirifar (born 1957) is the prayer leader of Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and head of the presidential cultural committee. He was arrested in May 2011 on charges of "sorcery", after he produced a controversial film predicting the imminent return of the Mahdi, (the title of which—Zohur Besyar Nazdik Ast—has been translated as "Appearance is Close!"). According to Radio Zamaneh, he was "referred to the Special Court for the Clergy for his involvement in the production and distribution" of the film, as well as for "disturbing public minds and insulting political groups and figures." The arrest is thought to be part of a dispute between the president and other conservatives, including the supreme leader. "At least 25" supporters of Ahmadinejad have been arrested in 2011, including Mohammed Sharif Malekzadeh and Kazem Kiapasha. See also Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei Mohammed Sharif Malekzadeh References Living people Iranian Shia clerics 1957 births
English nouns form the largest category of words in English, both in terms of the number of different words and in terms of how often they are used in typical texts. The three main categories of English nouns are common nouns, proper nouns, and pronouns. A defining feature of English nouns is their ability to inflect for number, as through the plural –s morpheme. English nouns primarily function as the heads of noun phrases, which prototypically function at the clause level as subjects, objects, and predicative complements. These phrases are the only English phrases whose structure includes determinatives and predeterminatives, which add abstract specifying meaning such as definiteness and proximity. Like nouns in general, English nouns typically denote physical objects, but they also denote actions (e.g., get up and have a stretch), characteristics (e.g., this red is lovely), relations in space (e.g., closeness), and just about anything at all. Taken all together, these features separate English nouns from the language's other lexical categories, such as adjectives and verbs. For the purposes of this article, English nouns include English pronouns, but not English determiners. Subtypes English nouns are classified into three major subtypes as common nouns, proper nouns, and pronouns, each with its own typical syntactic behaviour. Proper nouns Proper nouns are a class of words such as December, Canada, Leah, and Johnson that occur within noun phrases (NPs) that are proper names, though not all proper names contain proper nouns (e.g., General Electric is a proper name with no proper noun). The central cases of proper names, according to The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, "are expressions which have been conventionally adopted as the name of a particular entity." A prominent category of proper names are the ones assigned to particular people or animals (Elizabeth, Fido). Others include particular places (New Zealand, the United States of America) and institutions (Cambridge University, the United States Senate). While proper names may be realized by multi-word constituents, a proper noun is word-level unit in English. Thus, Zealand, for example, is a proper noun, but New Zealand, though a proper name, is not a proper noun. Unlike some common nouns, proper nouns do not typically show number contrast in English. Most proper nouns in English are singular and lack a plural form, though some may instead be plural and lack a singular form. For example, we typically expect Michigan but not Michigans and the Philippines but not Philippine. Proper nouns also differ from common nouns in that they typically lack either a determinative or determinative contrast. For instance, we typically expect Michigan but not a Michigan, and though the Bahamas includes the determinative the, the determinative cannot normally be varied (compare a Bahama and some Bahamas). Finally, proper nouns differ from common nouns in that they typically cannot be modified by restrictive modifiers. In English, the features that distinguish proper nouns from common nouns do not necessarily apply in the rare situations in which proper nouns lack unique denotation. For example, London typically refers to a unique place, but someone trying to disambiguate between two places named London might pluralize it (Which of the Londons are you referring to?), add a determinative (Do you mean the London in Ontario?), or add a restrictive modifier (Do you mean the London in Ontario?). Pronouns English pronouns are a closed category of words that have a variety of features distinguishing them from common and proper nouns. Unlike common nouns, pronouns are mostly deictic and anaphoric pro-forms. In the clause I like you, for instance, I and you are deictic in that their meanings can only be understood in relation to the context of the utterance. In the clause Tell Anne I want to talk to her, on the other hand, her is anaphoric in that the pronoun derives its meaning from its antecedent (Anne, in this case). Also unlike common nouns, English pronouns show distinctions in case (e.g., I, me, mine), person (e.g., I, you) and gender (e.g., he, she). Though both common nouns and pronouns show number distinction in English, they do so differently: common nouns tend to take an inflectional ending (–s) to mark plurals, but pronouns typically do not. (The pronoun one is an exception, as in I like those ones.) English pronouns are also more limited than common nouns in their ability to take dependents. For instance, while common nouns can often be preceded by a determinative (e.g., the car), pronouns cannot. In English conversation, pronouns are roughly as frequent as other nouns. In fiction, pronouns are about one third of all nouns, and in news and academic English, pronouns are a small minority of nouns (<10%). Common nouns Common nouns are defined as those that are neither proper nouns nor pronouns. They are the most numerous and the most frequently used in English. Common nouns can be further divided into count and non-count nouns. A count noun can take a number as its determiner (e.g., -20 degrees, zero calories, one cat, two bananas, 276 dollars). These nouns tend to designate individually identifiable entities, whereas a non-count noun designates a continuum or an undifferentiated mass (air, cheese, lots of gravel some water, enough heat). The count and non-count distinction also affects what other determiners can occur with the nouns: singular count nouns can occur with a but not some (e.g., a chair but not usually some chair) while non-count nouns can occur with some but not a (e.g., some furniture but not a furniture). Many common nouns have both count and non-count senses. For example, beer has a non-count sense in she was drinking beer but a count sense in she drank another beer. Morphology Inflectional A defining property of English nouns is their ability to inflect for number (i.e., singular or plural). In addition to number, English pronouns can inflect for case, a feature shared by some NPs (see discussion of case below) but not common nouns themselves. Common nouns Common nouns in English have little inflectional morphology, inflecting only for number. In modern English writing, the plural is usually formed with the –s morpheme, which can be realized phonetically as /s/, /z/, or /əz/. For example, the singular nouns cat, dog, and bush are pluralized as cats (s = /s/), dogs (s = /z/), and bushes (es = /əz/), respectively. Irregularly, English nouns are marked as plural in other ways, often inheriting the plural morphology of older forms of English or the languages that they are borrowed from. Plural forms from Old English resulted from vowel mutation (e.g., foot/feet), adding –en (e.g., ox/oxen), or making no change at all (e.g., this sheep/those sheep). English has also borrowed the plural forms of loanwords from various languages, such as Latin (e.g., stimulus/stimuli) and Greek (e.g., criterion/criteria). Some varieties of English use different methods of marking the plural, many of which fall into one of three patterns. First, the plural morpheme may be absent when another word already indicates that the noun is plural. In the clause two girl just left, for instance, speakers of some varieties would not use the plural morpheme on the noun girl because the determiner two already marks the noun phrase as plural. Dem, which is derived from them, is often used without the plural morpheme, as in dem book (rather than dem books). This method of plural marking occurs in Gullah and Caribbean English among other varieties. Second, the plural morpheme may be absent specifically in noun phrases denoting weights and measures but not in other situations. Thus, some varieties may produce noun phrases like ten mile (rather than ten miles) while still using the plural morpheme in other contexts (e.g., two girls). This method of plural marking for weights and measures occurs in certain rural varieties of Southern U.S. English. Third, irregular plural nouns may be regularized and use the –s morpheme. This may happen when the plural is not otherwise marked (e.g., sheeps for sheep), when the plural is typically marked with a morpheme other than –s (e.g., oxes for oxen), or when the plural is typically formed through vowel mutation (e.g., foots for feet). In the case of plurals marked by vowel mutation, some varieties may double mark the plural (e.g., feets). Regularization of plural marking occurs in several Englishes, including African-American English. Traditional grammars suggest that English nouns can also take genitive case endings, as in the –'s in the cat's paws. Grammars informed by modern linguistics, however, analyze this ending as applying to entire noun phrases rather than the nouns themselves. In the phrase the cat with brown fur's paws, for example, the possessor is realized by the entire noun phrase the cat with brown fur, not just the noun fur. This analysis can be illustrated in bracketed notation: [NP [NP the cat]'s paws] [NP [NP the cat with brown fur]'s paws] Pronouns Those types that are indisputably pronouns are the personal pronouns, relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and reciprocal pronouns. The following table presents the Modern Standard English pronouns (for pronouns in other dialects, see the main article on English pronouns). Nominative case is usually used for subjects (e.g., I went) and accusative for objects (e.g., Help me). Reflexives are typically objects when the subject and object are the same person or people. Genitives are used for possession, belonging, sources, ancestry, etc. The independent genitive typically forms a noun phrase all on its own (e.g., Mine works), while the dependent genitive usually occurs together with a head noun on which it depends (e.g., [My copy] works.). † Interrogative only (e.g., Whose is this?). Relative whose is not possible (e.g.,This is Kim's, whose we forgot). Derivational (for common nouns) The most common noun-forming suffixes in English are -tion, -ism, -ity, and -ness. For example, the verb activate + -tion becomes the noun activation. English nouns can also be formed by conversion (no change, e.g., run [verb] → run [noun]) and compounding (putting two bases together, e.g., grand + mother → grandmother). There are also many prefixes that can be attached to English nouns to change their meaning. A small list of examples include anti-, bi-, dis-, hyper-, mega-, non-, & re- (e.g., re- + vision → revision). Semantics of nouns and noun phrases English noun phrases typically inherit the denotation of the head noun. On top of this, they may have many other semantic characteristics including definiteness, reference, specificity, number, quantification, gender, and person. Denotation and reference English nouns prototypically denote entities. The denotation of an expression is its literal meaning, such as those meanings listed within monolingual dictionaries. For example, one of the things that apple denotes is "a common, round fruit produced by the tree Malus domestica, cultivated in temperate climates." English noun phrases can also refer to entities. A noun phrase is referential if it is used to pick out an entity that is distinguished by properties other those inherent in the meaning of the noun phrase itself. For instance, the noun phrase his dog in Sam found his dog picks out a particular entity (a dog) that is distinguishable by properties not expressed in the meaning of dog (such as breed, color, and the like). Not all noun phrases refer. In fact, some kinds of noun phrases are inherently non-referential. These include negative, interrogative, and bare role noun phrases as well as noun phrases with either or each functioning as a determinative. The underlined NPs in the following examples do not refer: Negative: Nobody came. Interrogative: Who likes ice cream? Bare role: She was elected president. Either as determinative: Either team might win the game. Each as determinative: She interviewed each child in turn. Dummy pronoun: It's raining. Existential there: There's a problem. Countability and number Common nouns may be divided into count nouns and non-count nouns. English nouns typically have both count and non-count senses, though for a given noun one sense typically dominates. For example, apple is usually countable (two apples), but it also has a non-count sense (e.g., this pie is full of apple). When discussing different types of something, a count form is available for almost any noun (e.g., This shop carries many cheeses. = "many types of cheese"). Non-count nouns denote things that, when put together, remain the same thing. For example, if I have luggage and you give me more luggage, I still just have luggage. Count nouns fail this test: if you have an apple, and I give you more apple or more apples, you no longer just have an apple. Modern English marks a division between singular and plural number. (Old English pronouns also marked the dual number.) Singular number restricts the denotation of the noun to the set of singularities. Plural number is often said to mean more than one, but, in fact, it restricts the denotation of the noun to the set of non-singularities. That is, in English, plural nouns are appropriate for quantities denoted by all the real numbers, including 0 and other quantities smaller than 1, except exactly ±1. The semantic number and grammatical number of a particular NP may not match. For example, with collective nouns such as committee, which denote a unit composed of multiple individuals, agreement can either be singular because the noun is morphologically singular (e.g., The committee has not yet come to a decision) or plural because it is semantically plural (e.g.,The committee have not yet come to a decision). Gender and animacy Modern English has lost the system of grammatical gender that was present in Old English, and while there is some disagreement over what has replaced it, generally speaking English is said to have a system of "natural gender", which applies only to the pronouns. A natural gender is one "in which there is a clear correlation between masculine and feminine nouns and biological traits in the referent." But whether this accurately characterizes the English gender system is disputed. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language argues that English has a "weakly grammaticalized" gender, which is based only on pronoun agreement. This gender system involves two subsystems: one involving the distinctions between the personal pronouns he, she, and it and another involving the distinctions between the relative pronouns who and which. In the personal pronoun subsystem, nouns can be classified according to whether they are compatible with one, two, or three of these three personal pronouns. Single-gender and dual-gender nouns can be subclassified according to which specific pronouns they agree with. This results in seven classes: Single-gender masculine nouns (e.g., boy, stepson) Single-gender feminine nouns (e.g., girl, stepdaughter, actress) Single-gender neuter nouns (e.g., arrival, beer) Dual-gender masculine/feminine nouns (e.g., actor, doctor) Dual-gender masculine/neuter nouns (e.g., bull, brother) Dual-gender feminine/neuter nouns (e.g., cow, sister, ship) Triple-gender nouns (e.g., baby, dog) These classes are not equally common. For instance, single-gender neuter nouns account for a large majority of common nouns while dual-gender masculine/neuter nouns account for only male animal species and certain kinship terms that can apply to both humans and animals. In the relative pronoun subsystem, nouns can be classified according to whether they agree with who or which. Nouns that agree with who are called personal (or animate) nouns while nouns that agree with which are called non-personal (or inanimate) nouns. Though there is substantial overlap between nonpersonal nouns and neuter nouns and between personal nouns and masculine and feminine nouns, the overlaps are not perfect. For instance, a ship can agree with either it or she but can only agree with which (not who). Similarly, which can serve as an antecedent to he or she, as in there is a dog which attacked his/her owner. The syntax of nouns and noun phrases Some defining properties of English nouns are that they function as the heads of NPs and that they can be specified by determinatives and modified by pre-head adjective phrases. A defining property of English NPs is that they prototypically function at the clause level as subjects, objects, and predicative complements. Functions English nouns function as the head of a nominal (see §Internal structure below), which in turn mostly functions as the head of an NP. At the clause-level, English NPs typically function as subjects, objects, and predicative complements. The following table shows these typical functions and the other functions NPs can take: Nominals (see §Internal structure, below), also appear as pre-head modifier in a nominal (e.g., a two day conference). Internal structure A simple noun phrase like some good ideas has a head nominal, a phrase that excludes any determinative (here, some), and that nominal, in turn, has a head noun (here ideas) along with any modifiers or complements. Roughly speaking, the nominal includes everything after the determinative (similar to the way a clause has a verb phrase that includes basically everything after the subject). The following tree shows the internal structure of an NP with all the main types of dependents: modifiers, a determinative, a predeterminative (labeled here as a kind of modifier), and a complement. (The triangles are a convention to simplify the representation of the inner structures of phrases when it is less relevant.) Determinatives A basic English NP splits into an optional determinative (usually a determiner phrase or a genitive NP) and a head nominal (e.g., [many] [good people]). In the diagram above, the determinative is the, and the head nominal is preposterous ideas about exercise that Bill has. The determinative, if present, always precedes the nominal and is licensed by the head noun. That is, it must agree in number and countability (e.g., many people, many person, some police, a police) with the head noun. Though the determinative function is typically realized by determiner phrases, they may also be realized by other phrases. Noun phrases that realize the determinative function are typically in the genitive case (e.g., your interview) but do not need to be (e.g., this size home). Determiners can also be realized by prepositional phrases, such as up to a dozen in the noun phrase up to a dozen agencies. Predeterminatives Inside the NP, but outside the nominal, there are also predeterminatives, as exemplified by all in the tree diagram above. In this case, all has a specifying role rather than a modifying role in the noun phrase, much like the determinative the, but the determinative function has already been filled. To account for noun phrases like these, some grammars (such as Oxford Modern English Grammar and A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language) also recognize the function of predeterminative (or predeterminer). Other grammars offer different accounts of these constructions. For example, the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language classifies them as a "predeterminer modifier". Like the determinative function, the predeterminative function is typically realized by determiner phrases. However, they can also be realized by noun phrases (e.g., three times the speed) and adverb phrases (e.g., twice the population). Modifiers Inside the nominal, modifiers can be divided into pre-head (before the noun) and post-head (after the noun). Adjective phrases are the prototypical pre-head modifiers of nouns, as exemplified by preposterous in the tree diagram above. Adjective-like prepositional phrases can also function as pre-head modifiers of nouns. For example, the prepositional phrase under threat functions as a pre-head modifier in the noun phrase the under-threat postal service. The adjective-like nature of these prepositional phrases is indicated by the tendency for them to be hyphenated in writing and the fact that they can typically be paraphrased with an adjective phrase (compare the endangered postal service). Similarly, adjective-like clauses can function as pre-head modifiers of nouns. In the noun phrase pay-as-you-go SIM card, for instance, the clause pay as you go functions as a pre-head modifier. Like the adjective-like prepositions, these clauses tend to be hyphenated in writing. Other pre-head modifiers of nouns include nominals. In the noun phrase Nirvana's classic early nineties album, for example, the nominal early nineties modifies the noun album. The nominal's status a modifier can be made clearer by paraphrasing the noun phrase that contains it: Nirvana's classic album from the early nineties, in which from the early nineties is more clearly a modifier. Verb phrases can also function as pre-head modifiers of nouns. For instance, the verb phrase regularly dripping can function as a pre-head modifier in the noun phrase a regularly dripping faucet. The fact that dripping can be and is modified by a manner adverb (regularly) but cannot be modified by a degree adverb (such as very) indicates that these pre-head modifiers are verb phrases rather than adjective phrases because verbs can typically be modified by manner but not degree adverbs while adjectives can typically be modified by degree but not manner adverbs. Another pre-head modifier of nouns is determiner phrases. For example, the determiner phrase two in the noun phrase these two images functions as a pre-head modifier. While determiners that occur before nouns tend to function as determinatives, noun phrases can contain only one determinative, so additional determiner phrases must have some other function. In these two images, the determiner phrase these fills the determinative function, so the additional determiner phrase two must instead be analyzed as a pre-head modifier. Some grammars label these determiner phrases postdeterminers. Rarely, an adverb phrase can function as a pre-head modifier of nouns. In the noun phrase an almost victory, for example, the adverb phrase almost functions as a pre-head modifier. Relative clauses, as exemplified by that Bill has in the tree diagram above, are common as post-head modifiers. Prepositional phrases are another common variety of post-head modifier. In the noun phrase an apple in a tree, for example, the prepositional phrase in a tree functions as a post-head modifier. Adjective phrases can also function as post-head modifiers. Some of these adjective phrases are reduced relative clauses, such as balloons full of helium (compare balloons that were full of helium). Others are post-positive adjective phrases, such as the attorney general. Noun phrases themselves can function as post-head adjuncts in noun phrases. In the noun phrase shoes that size, for instance, the noun phrase that size functions as a post-head modifier. Certain determiners (namely, each, enough, less, and more) can head determiner phrases that function as post-head modifiers of noun phrases, as in the determiner phrase each in three dollars each. Rarely, adverb phrases can function as post-head modifiers, such as the adverb phrase soon in the noun phrase some day soon. External modifiers exist inside the NP but outside the nominal. These modifiers are often adverb phrases, as exemplified by even in the tree diagram above. External modifiers can also be realized by prepositional phrases (e.g., by far the greatest ally) and noun phrases (e.g., every bit a philosopher). External modifiers can only attach to the beginnings or ends of noun phrases. When positioned at the beginning, they occur before any predeterminative, determinative, or internal modifier. In the noun phrase even all their best songs, for instance, the external modifier (even) must occur before the predeterminative (all), determinative (their), and internal modifier (best). Some external modifiers can move freely between the beginning and the end of their noun phrase. For example, by far the greatest ally can also be written the greatest ally by far. Complements A nominal can occasionally include a complement, a dependent licensed by the head noun. Usually, these are prepositional phrases or subordinate clauses. The head of such prepositional phrases is typically of, as in our review of your application or your receipt of the envelope. In some of these cases, the complement and noun can be compared to a verb and direct object pair (we reviewed your application; you received the envelope). In other cases, the head is not of, as exemplified by about exercise in the tree diagram above. Clauses that function as complements in noun phrases can be either finite (a realization that it is important) or non-finite (a requirement for them to do it). As with prepositional phrase complements of nouns, certain clause complements of nouns can be compared to verb and complement pairs (they realized that it is important; somebody required them to do it). Nouns can also be complemented by noun phrases. Unusually, these noun phrase complements occur before the head noun. For example, the noun phrase kinesiology functions as a pre-head complement in the larger noun phrase a kinesiology student. The noun phrase's status a complement can be made clearer by paraphrasing the noun phrase that contains it: a student of kinesiology, in which of kinesiology is more clearly a complement. When there is a complement, usually there's only one, but up to three are possible (e.g., a bet for $10 with DJ that it wasn't true.) Order of elements in noun phrases The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language proposes the following rigid order of elements within noun phrases: pre-head external modifiers (peripheral modifiers and predeterminatives), determinatives, pre-head internal modifiers, pre-head complement, head, post-head internal dependents, and post-head external modifiers (emphatic reflexives and focusing modifiers). These elements are present in the example below: These ordering constraints are called rigid because violating them results in an ungrammatical noun phrase. For example, the very happy linguistics students could not become the linguistics very happy students. Other ordering constraints are labile, meaning that they reflect the general order of things but may be violated without producing an ungrammatical phrase. For example, pre-head internal modifiers that indicate age typically occur before those that indicate color (e.g. the new blue tie), but this order can be violated for various reasons without producing an ungrammatical phrase (e.g., The blue new tie is a possible answer to the question Which new tie will you wear?). Pre-head internal modifiers and post-head internal dependents are subject to labile ordering constraints. Order of pre-head internal modifiers Much attention has been given to the order of pre-noun internal modifiers in both academic and popular writings on English grammar. Many proposed orders appeal to semantic categories. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, for example, proposes the following order for residual pre-head modifiers: evaluative (e.g., good, annoying), general property (e.g., big, cruel), age (e.g., new, ancient), color (e.g., black, crimson), provenance (e.g., French, Chinese), manufacture (e.g., cotton, carved), type (e.g., passenger aircraft, men's department). Mark Forsyth suggests that adjectives must occur in the following order: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose. These orders are similar to the order as analyzed by Charles Darling, which offers this order: observation, size, shape, age, color, origin, material, qualifier. The following table summarizes these orders: These ordering constraints correctly predict noun phrases like a beautiful old Italian touring car, in which beautiful is evaluative (or opinion/observation), old an age, Italian an origin (or provenance), and touring a type (or purpose/qualifier). However, Mark Liberman notes that these ordering constraints can lead to incorrect predictions: ugly is an opinion and big a size, but corpus data shows that big ugly is far more common than ugly big. Liberman also notes that these orders fail to account for strong preferences within categories. For example, long and tall are both sizes, but long tall is generally preferred to tall long. Stefanie Wulff summarizes and evaluates a variety of other factors that predict the order of pre-head modifiers in English noun phrases. From a phonological perspective, shorter modifiers typically occur before longer ones, other things being equal. For example, the long intelligent book is generally preferred to the intelligent long book. From a semantic perspective, the more inherent qualities of a thing tend to occur closer to the noun. For instance, solid stainless steel is generally preferred to stainless solid steel because the stainlessness of stainless steel is more inherent than the solidness of solid steel. Also from a semantic perspective, modifiers that "are less dependent on comparison are put nearer to the head noun." For example, the redness of a file can be determined without comparing it to another file but the smallness of a file can only be determined by comparison with another file. Thus, a small red file is generally preferable to a red small file. From a pragmatic perspective, modifiers that "are remembered most easily upon the occurrence of the noun" tend to occur closer to the noun. For instance, blonde tends to be more closely associated with hair than nice is, so nice blonde hair is more likely than blonde nice hair. Also from a pragmatic perspective, more frequently used modifiers tend to occur before less frequently used modifiers. For example, big is a more frequently used word than cold, so we would expect a big cold lake rather than a cold big lake. Some grammars have proposed multiple "zones" for pre-head modifiers in English noun phrases. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, for example, proposes four "premodification zones." The pre-central zone is filled by nongradable adjectives, particularly intensifiers such as major and numerous. The central zone consists of the most prototypical adjectives, that is, adjectives that admit intensifiers and comparison and can also appear in predicate position. Within this central zone, evaluative adjectives typically occur first, and the usual order for the rest is nonderived adjectives, then adjectives derived from verbs, and finally adjectives derived from nouns. The post-central zone includes participles and color terms. The pre-head zone includes adjectives denoting provenance, adjectives with the meaning of "relating to (noun)" (such as annual and political), and nouns. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language proposes two zones: early pre-head modifiers and residual pre-head modifiers. Early pre-head modifiers include cardinal and ordinal numbers numerals (e.g., two, second), superlative adjectives (e.g., largest, youngest), and primacy adjectives (e.g., key, primary). Residual pre-head modifiers include all other pre-head internal modifiers. Order of post-head internal dependents The category "post-head internal dependents" includes post-head modifiers and complements. Though modifiers tend not to occur between complements and their heads, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language does not characterize this tendency as a rigid ordering constraint because the order is also affected by the weight of the constituent, with lighter dependents typically occurring before heavy dependents. In the noun phrase the rumor in the city that Minakshi had decreed that no white woman could live for long within sight of her temple, for example, the modifier in the city separates the head rumor from the complement that Minakshi had decreed that no white woman could live for long within sight of her temple because the complement is relatively heavy while the modifier is relatively light. Nouns versus other lexical categories Adjectives Nouns and adjectives in English can generally be distinguished by their grammatical features: Prototypical nouns can inflect for number while adjectives cannot. Prototypical adjectives can inflect for degree of comparison while nouns cannot. Prototypical nouns head phrases that can function as subject, direct object, and indirect object while prototypical adjectives head phrases that can function as pre-head modifier of nouns and subject-related complement. Prototypical adjectives can be modified by very while nouns cannot. Nouns can head phrases containing determinatives and predeterminatives while adjectives cannot. The following table summarizes some of these characteristics: In noun phrases such as the boy actor, words like boy do not fall neatly into the categories noun or adjective. Boy is more like an adjective than a noun in that it functions as a pre-head modifier of a noun, which is a function prototypically filled by adjective phrases, and in that that it cannot be pluralized in this position (the boys actor). However, boy is more like a noun than an adjective in that it cannot be modified by very (the very boy actor) as adjectives typically can be and in that it cannot be separated from the head noun by an adjective (the boy talented actor). Further, boy is more like a noun in that it cannot occur alone as a subject-related predicative complement (the actor is boy). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language classifies words like boy as nouns. John Robert Ross similarly classifies it as an "adjectival noun", a noun with some adjectival properties. Color terms also exhibit features of both nouns and adjectives. In many cases, the category of these terms can be clearly identified. For example, color terms used as subjects (blue represents hope) or complements (my favorite color is blue) appear to be typical nouns while color terms occurring attributively (the blue light) appear to be typical adjectives. Similarly, color terms marked as plural (the blues in his paintings) appear to be nouns while those marked as comparative (bluer) or superlative (bluest) appear to be adjectives. However, James D. McCawley notes a case in which color terms appear to have features of nouns and adjectives at the same time: a deep blue necktie. In this case, the modifier of blue is an adjective (deep) rather than an adverb (deeply), which suggests that the color term is a noun. However, its function appears to be the same as the blue in the blue light, which is an adjective. Bas Aarts notes that this apparent dual categorization can be avoided by treating phrases like deep blue as adjective-adjective compounds. Phrases like the lucky in the lucky don't need to diet also present challenges. Words like lucky in this case have features typical of a noun; specifically, they appear to head phrases that (1) contain determinatives and (2) have the prototypical functions of noun phrases (such as subject, in this example). However, these words also have features of adjectives. For instance, they can be modified by very (the very lucky don't need to diet) and combine with morphemes that can typically attach only to adjectives, such as un- (the unlucky must diet). Complicating matters further, they can take as pre-head modifiers either adjectives (the ostentatious rich) or adverbs (the completely innocent). Aarts argues that phrases like these are best analyzed as noun phrases with an empty element functioning as the head, yielding an analysis like this: [NP the [AP completelyAdv innocentAdj] ∅N]. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language offers a similar analysis, calling words like lucky and innocent in these cases "fused modifier-heads". In other words, they treat these words as adjectives that have fused with an unexpressed head. Verbs In English, nouns and verbs can typically be distinguished according to their grammatical features: Prototypical nouns can inflect for number while verbs cannot. Verbs take a variety of inflectional endings that nouns cannot, such as the -ing suffix of the present participle form. Nouns typically take prepositional phrases and clauses as complements while verbs typically take noun phrases and clauses as complements. The typical pre-head modifiers of nouns are adjective phrases, but the typical pre-head modifiers of verbs are adverb phrases. Nouns can head phrases containing determinatives and predeterminatives while verbs cannot. The following table summarizes some of these characteristics: Certain words derived from nouns, specifically those ending in -ing (such as painting), can share features of both nouns and verbs. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language illustrates the gradience from verbal nouns to verbs in their present participle forms, with the earlier examples behaving more like nouns and the later examples behaving more like verbs: some paintings of Brown’s Brown’s paintings of his daughters The painting of Brown is as skillful as that of Gainsborough. Brown’s deft painting of his daughter is a delight to watch. Brown’s deftly painting his daughter is a delight to watch. I dislike Brown’s painting his daughter I dislike Brown painting his daughter (when she ought to be at school) I watched Brown painting his daughter. Brown deftly painting his daughter is a delight to watch. Painting his daughter, Brown noticed that his hand was shaking. Brown painting his daughter that day, I decided to go for a walk. The man painting the girl is Brown. The silently painting man is Brown. Brown is painting his daughter. Painting(s) in [1]–[4] are unambiguously nouns. Paintings in [1] and [2] feature the plural -s morpheme associated with nouns and also head phrases containing determinatives (i.e., some and Brown's), a feature also observed in [3]–[5]. Painting in [4] is also modified by an adjective phrase (deft), further suggesting that it is a noun. Meanwhile, painting in [10]–[14] are unambiguously verbs. Of these, all but [13] take post-head noun phrase complements, a feature of verbs but not nouns. While the painting in [13] does not take a noun phrase complement, it is modified by an adverb phrase (silently), a feature typical of verbs that is also present in [5] and [9]. The troublesome cases are the ones represented by the paintings in [5]–[9], which demonstrate features of both nouns and verbs. These are often called gerunds (though the terminology can vary). The paintings in [5]–[9] are noun-like in that they are the heads of phrases functioning as either subject of direct object. The paintings in [5] and [6] are even more noun-like in that they occur with the determinative Brown's. However, the paintings in [5]–[9] are also verb-like in that they take a post-head noun phrase complement. The painting in [9] is even more verb-like in that it is modified by the adverb phrase deftly. Linguists have offered a variety of accounts for English gerunds. For instance, Geoffrey K. Pullum and James P. Blevins both argue that gerunds are noun phrases with verb phrase heads. Other linguists, such as Richard Hudson, argue that gerunds are both verbs and nouns. Yet others, such as Bas Aarts, argue that the fact that gerunds tend to occur in the same places as noun phrases (as subject, direct object, and so on) is not enough to support that they occur within noun phrases and instead treat them as verbs that happen to be in non-canonical positions. Adverbs There is typically little confusion between nouns and adverbs in English because there is no overlap in the inflectional morphology that they take (-s for nouns, -er and -est for adverbs) and they tend to cooccur with different kinds of words (e.g., nouns can head phrases containing determinatives while adverbs cannot). Further, nouns and adverbs tend to head phrases with different prototypical functions: noun phrases typically function as subjects, direct objects, and indirect objects while adverb phrases typically function as adjuncts. Despite no overlap in the form and distribution of nouns and adverbs, some linguists suggest gradience between a certain class of nouns and adverbs. For example, Barbara M. H. Strang notes that words such as yesterday and today have features of both nouns and adverbs. They are noun like in that they can occupy typical noun phrase positions and head possessive noun phrases (e.g., yesterday's news), but unlike prototypical nouns, they cannot be made plural and do not head phrases contain determinatives. Bas Aarts notes that this argument does not actually assert any adverb-like properties but rather just a lack of certain properties of nouns, suggesting that words like yesterday and today are nouns, albeit less prototypical than some nouns. Determiners There is typically little confusion between nouns and determiners in English, but certain words, namely you and we, share features of both pronouns and determiners in certain constructions, as in we students know the truth. These words resemble pronouns in that they show case contrast (compare us students), a feature that, in Modern English, is typical of pronouns but not determiners. Because they resemble pronouns in this way, Evelyne Delorme and Ray C. Dougherty treat words like us as pronouns in apposition with the noun phrases that follow them, which is an analysis that Merriam–Webster's Dictionary of English Usage also follows. Richard Hudson and Mariangela Spinillo also categorize these words as pronouns but do not assume an appositive relationship between the pronoun and the rest of the noun phrase. However, two other features make these words resemble determiners rather than nouns. First, their phrase-initial position (we students) is typical of determiners (the students). Second, they cannot combine with other determiners (*the we students), which suggests that they fill the same role. These characteristics have led linguists like Ray Jackendoff and Steven Paul Abney to categorize such uses of we and you as determiners. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language similarly classifies this use of we and you as "an extended, secondary use" in which words that began as pronouns have been reanalyzed as determiners. References and notes Notes References English grammar English words Nouns by language
Crevasse Valley Glacier () is a broad glacier about long, flowing west-southwest between the Chester Mountains and the Saunders Mountain to the Sulzberger Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by a sledging party of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, which visited this area in November–December 1934, and so named because of its extensively crevassed surface. See also List of glaciers in the Antarctic Glaciology References Glaciers of Marie Byrd Land
Constance Adolphine Quéniaux (9 July 1832 – 7 April 1908) was a dancer and courtesan at the Paris Opera Ballet. She is the presumed model for Gustave Courbet's painting L'Origine du monde, in which a woman is seen explicitly displaying her genitalia. Life and career Early years Born on 9 July 1832 at Saint Quentin, Constance Adolphine Quéniaux was the daughter of Marie Catherine Quéniaux. Constance’s mother was unmarried at the time of her birth and she, reportedly, grew up in poverty. At a young age, Constance joined the ballet corps of the Paris Opera Ballet, performing minor roles in its repertoire. She rose to a secondary soloist position alongside Claudina Couqui, receiving acclaim. Constance would combine her dance career with prostitution. In 1859 Constance had suffered from a knee injury that prevented her from ballet, and by the age of 34, she had officially retired from the Opera and was captivating the favour of an Ottoman diplomat, Halil Şerif Pasha. Constance was the model for several works, including the Portrait de Mademoiselle Constance Quéniaux, de l'Académie Impériale de Musique (1867), by Jules-Émile Saintin. Later life In the final years of Constance’s life, she became renowned for her philanthropy. She began to actively support the Orphelinat des Arts—an institution for orphaned or abandoned children of artists. She died in Paris, France, on 7 April 1908, aged 75. In her will, she left a Courbet painting of camellias. This flower, since the publication of Alexandre Dumas fils' La Dame aux Camélias had been associated with courtesans. She is known to have owned a villa in Cabourg. L'Origine du monde Halil Şerif Pasha was a notable collector of arts. He commissioned Gustave Courbet to paint Quéniaux, whom he called his "lucky charm". The work L'Origine du monde hides the model's face. While her identity was known at the time, as Quéniaux grew respectable, the information was lost. Indeed, experts long identified the model with Joanna Hiffernan, an Irish model who was Courbet's lover. Correspondence between Alexandre Dumas and George Sand was discovered in 2018 by a French historian, Claude Schopp, referring to this painting. It mentions “One does not paint the most delicate and the most sonorous interior of Miss Queniault (sic) of the Opera.” This combined with Quéniaux's bequest of Courbet's painting of camellias (associated with courtesans) strongly suggests that Constance Quéniaux was Courbet's model. Further reading References 1832 births 1908 deaths Paris Opera Ballet dancers People from Saint-Quentin, Aisne
Administrative and municipal divisions urban okrug - also known as "municipal formation" References Sverdlovsk Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast
Ronald E. McNair High School is a high school in Stockton, California, United States. Opened in 2005, it is the newest high school in Lodi Unified School District. The school is named after Dr. Ronald E. McNair (1950–1986), a physicist and astronaut who died in the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger explosion. References High schools in San Joaquin County, California Public high schools in California 2005 establishments in California
Sphinx was a two-deck 64 gun ship of the French Navy. She was built at Brest to plans by Ollivier Fils and launched in 1776. She took the name of a recently retired 64-gun ship with the same dimensions. She fought in the American War of Independence, most notably in Suffren's campaign in the Indian Ocean. Features She was built according to norms laid down by French shipbuilders in the 1730s and 1740s which had aimed at a good combination of low cost and high manoeuvrability and armament, in the face of a numerically-superior British Royal Navy. The first 64-gun ship of her type was launched in 1735, followed by dozens of others until the end of the 1770s, a decade in which they were definitively outclassed by 74-gun ships. As with all French warships of this era, she had an oak hull, pine masts and hemp ropes and sails. She not only carried fewer guns than a 74-gun ship, her 64 iron guns were of lower caliber: Twenty-six 24-pounder guns on one gun deck Twenty-eight 12-pounder guns on her other gun deck Ten six-pounder guns on her forecastle and aftcastle Each gun had a reserve of around 50 to 60 shot as well as bar shot and grape shot. She could also carry enough fresh water to feed her crew for two to three months and enough provisions to feed them for five to six months without calling at a port. This included wine, vinegar, oil, flour, condiments, cheese, fruits, dry vegetables and even livestock which would be butchered on board. History American War of Independence (1775–1783) Sphinx fought as part of Louis Guillouet d'Orvilliers's fleet against Augustus Keppel's force at the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778, captained by comte de Soulanges. She formed part of the Blue Squadron, the rear guard commanded by Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, duc de Chartres. In 1780 she joined Guichen's squadron sent to fight in the Antilles. On 17 April 1780, still captained by the comte de Soulanges, she fought in the Battle of Martinique in the West Indies. She and the rest of the squadron then returned to France. In 1781 she joined Suffren's small force, sent to fight in the Indian Ocean. On 16 April she fought in the French victory at the Battle of Porto Praya. Afterwards she took the badly-damaged in tow. She was then stationed off the Cape of Good Hope for a few weeks to take on board reinforcements heading for Mauritius Island. Between 1782 and 20 June 1783, Sphinx was an engaged in Suffren's five battles in the Bay of Bengal and off Sri Lanka - the battles of Sadras (17 February 1782), Providien (12 April 1782), Negapatam (6 July 1782), Trincomalee (August and September 1782) and Cuddalore (20 June 1783). At the Battle of Providien, Sphinx, under Captain du Chilleau, was fourth in the French line, behind Petit Annibal (Captain de Morard de Galles). She came within pistol range of his opposite number, (Captain Peter Rainier) before opening fire. She sustained casualties, with over 20 killed, including Lieutenant Anerchiesna and Lieutenant de Bourdeille, and about 75 wounded, including Ensign d'Aigremont. During this campaign she captured the troop transport Raikes on 6 June 1782 and three days later. She also took in tow after the latter was dismasted at the Battle of Trincomalee. After the war, Sphinx sailed to Isle de France for a refit. Her captain, Du Chilleau, claimed that the cannonballs removed from her hull filled six longboats. Final years She returned to France for a refit in 1784 and was then posted to the Rochefort squadron. She was barely ten years old but had already been outclassed - the American War of Independence had shown that she and her type were not powerful enough and the naval ministry had already begun to prioritise building 74-gun ships, a drive that came to its final fruition with the designs of Borda and Sané. When war broke out with Britain again in 1793, Sphinx was turned into a floating battery with twelve 36-pounder guns, four-16-pounder howitzers, six swivel guns, and two mortars. Sphinx is also recorded as a hulk in Rochefort in 1793 and disappeared from the navy lists in 1802. References Bibliography (notice BnF no FRBNF36697883) (notice BnF no FRBNF35734655) et (notice BnF no FRBNF38825325) Further reading (notice BnF no FRBNF42480097) (notice BnF no FRBNF37219533) (notice BnF no FRBNF44313515) (notice BnF no FRBNF35864311) Rémi Monaque, Une histoire de la marine de guerre française, Paris, éditions Perrin, 2016, 526 p. () Rémi Monaque, Suffren, Tallandier, 2009 (), p. 53-57 Jean-Michel Roche, Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, t. 1, de 1671 à 1870, Toulon, J.-M. Roche, 2005, 527 p. (, OCLC 165892922, notice BnF no FRBNF40090770 Alain Demerliac, La Marine de Louis XVI : nomenclature des navires français de 1774 à 1792, Nice, Omega, 1996, 238 p. (). Onésime Troude, Batailles navales de la France, t. 2, Paris, Challamel aîné, 1867, 469 p. (lire en ligne [archive]) Georges Lacour-Gayet, La Marine militaire de la France sous le règne de Louis XV, Paris, Honoré Champion éditeur, édition revue et augmentée en 1910 (1re éd. 1902), 581 p. (notice BnF no FRBNF37450961) Georges Lacour-Gayet, La marine militaire de France sous le règne de Louis XVI, Paris, éditions Honoré Champion, 1905, 719 p. (notice BnF no FRBNF30709972) External links French Third Rate ship of the line Le Sphinx (1775) - Three Decks - Warships in the Age of Sail Vaisseaux de ligne français de 1682 à 1780, list by Ronald Deschênes on agh Ships of the line of the French Navy 1776 ships
The Philippine cobra (Naja philippinensis) also called Philippine spitting cobra or northern Philippine cobra, is a stocky, highly venomous species of spitting cobra native to the northern regions of the Philippines. The Philippine cobra is called in Tagalog, in Ilocano. Taxonomy Naja philippinensis was described by American herpetologist Edward Harrison Taylor in 1922. The generic name naja is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word () meaning "cobra". The specific epithet philippinensis is Latin and literally means "from the Philippine Islands". Description The Philippine cobra is a stocky snake of medium length with long cervical ribs capable of expanding, so when threatened, a hood can be formed. The average length of this species is . The species can grow to lengths of However, subpopulations of the species, particularly specimens from Mindoro Island, are said to attain lengths of , but these are unconfirmed claims. If true, however, 2 m would be very rare and would be considered the absolute maximum for this species. The head is elliptical, depressed, slightly distinct from neck with a short, rounded snout and large nostrils. The eyes are moderate in size with dark brown and round pupils, typical of other cobra species and similar to other elapids in general. It has a fairly stocky build for an elapid, and adult snakes are uniformly light to medium brown, while the juveniles tend to be a darker brown in color. They have 23-27 scale rows around the neck and 21 just above the middle part of the body; 182-193 ventrals, 36-49 subcaudals, and basal pairs are sometimes undivided. Scalation There are 23-27 (usually 25) scale rows around neck, 21 (rarely 23) just ahead of mid-body; 182-193 ventrals, 36-49 subcaudals, basal pairs sometimes undivided. Distribution and habitat The Philippine cobra occurs mostly in the northern regions of the Philippines. They can be found on the islands of Luzon, Mindoro, Catanduanes, and Masbate. This species likely may occur in other neighboring islands, but this remains unconfirmed. Records from the Calamianes group and Palawan require confirmation. The Philippine cobra's habitat include low-lying plains and forested regions, along with open fields, grasslands, dense jungle, agricultural fields, and human settlements. This species of cobra is particularly fond of water, so it can be found very close to ponds, rivers, or large puddles of water. Diet This species feeds predominantly on small mammals, frogs, and even other snakes. Small rodents such as mice and small rats are their preferred prey and make up the majority of their diets. However, they will also eat other sizable snakes, small lizards, frogs, eggs, and when the opportunity arises, small birds. Predators Predators of this species include humans, birds of prey, the king cobra, and the mongoose. Large rats that have been bitten by this snake and are in a position to fight back, often do so. Although rare, large rats have been known to fatally wound the snake by scratching, biting, or even poking one or both of the snake's eyes out. Of course, the rat ends up succumbing to the venom, but the snake will often sustain eye injury, potentially becoming blind, and severe bites to the snout region leave the snake vulnerable to infections and diseases. Venom Although venom toxicity values can vary greatly even among specimens of the same species, the Philippine cobra is considered to possess one of the more toxic venoms among the Naja (cobra) species. According to Tan et al., the murine via the IV route for this species is 0.18 mg/kg (0.11-0.3 mg/kg). Data on venom yield of 150 milked N. philippinensis specimens (69 males; 81 females) gave an overall average venom yield per cobra per extraction of 0.33 ml (wet) or 70.1 mg (dried). The venom of the Philippine cobra is a potent postsynaptic neurotoxin which affects respiratory function and can cause neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis, as the neurotoxins interrupt the transmission of nerve signals by binding to the neuromuscular junctions near the muscles. Research has shown its venom is purely a neurotoxin, with no apparent necrotizing components and no cardiotoxins. These snakes are capable of accurately spitting their venom at a target up to away. The symptoms of a bite might include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce prominent neurotoxicity with minimal to no local signs. A study of 39 patients envenomed by the Philippine cobra was conducted in 1988. Neurotoxicity occurred in 38 cases and was the predominant clinical feature. Complete Respiratory failure developed in 19 patients, and was often rapid in onset; in three cases, apnea occurred within just 30 minutes of the bite. There were two deaths, both in patients who were moribund upon arrival at the hospital. Three patients developed necrosis, and 14 individuals with systemic symptoms had no local swelling at all. Both cardiotoxicity and reliable nonspecific signs of envenoming were absent. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce a distinctive clinical picture characterized by severe neurotoxicity of rapid onset and minimal local tissue damage. References External links U.S. Naval Medical Research Naja philippinensis "Naja philippinensis - Mario Lutz`s HerpaWorld Institute" "Wolfgang Wüster's - Asiatic Cobra Page" Lutz, M. (2006) Die Kobras des philippinischen Archipels - Teil I: Die Philippinen-Kobra, Naja philippinensis Taylor, 1922, Sauria, Berlin, 28 (3): 31-37 Naja Reptiles of the Philippines Endemic fauna of the Philippines Fauna of Luzon Fauna of Mindoro Fauna of Marinduque Fauna of Catanduanes Reptiles described in 1922
This is a list of seasons by the Barako Bull Energy Boosters of the Philippine Basketball Association. Three-conference era Two-conference era one-game playoffsteam had twice-to-beat advantage Three-conference era one-game playoffs**team had the twice-to-beat advantage Cumulative records
Grinnell Island is an island long, lying south of Chappel Island in the Donovan Islands of Antarctica. It was first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and was named by Carl R. Eklund for Lieutenant Sheldon W. Grinnell of the U.S. Navy Reserve Medical Corps, a medical officer at Wilkes Station, 1957. See also List of antarctic and sub-antarctic islands References Islands of Wilkes Land
The 2011 Copa Caixa Stock Car season was the 33rd Stock Car Brasil season. It began on March 20 at the Curitiba and ended on November 6 at the Velopark, after twelve rounds. For this season, the Manufacturer Peugeot announced that the 408 was to be the new representative in the championship replacing the 307. Cacá Bueno won the Drivers' Championship by thirteen points from Ricardo Mauricio, with his brother Popó Bueno finishing in third eighteen behind Cacá. Teams and drivers All drivers were Brazilian-registered, excepting Jacques Villeneuve, who raced under Canadian racing license. Race calendar and results All races were held in Brazil. Championship standings Points were awarded as follows: Drivers' Championship Teams' Championship References External links Official website of the Stock Car Brasil (in Portuguese) Stock Car Brasil seasons Stock Car Brasil season
Timothée Houssin (born 29 July 1988) is a French politician who has represented the 5th constituency of the Eure department in the National Assembly since 2022. A member of the National Rally (RN, formerly National Front, FN), he previously served as a municipal councillor of Barentin (elected in 2014) and Louviers (elected in 2020, resigned early 2022). Houssin was elected to the Regional Council of Normandy in 2015 and reelected in 2021. In the second round of the 2022 legislative election, he defeated Vernon Mayor François Ouzilleau, who ran under the Ensemble coalition. Outgoing representative Claire O'Petit, who failed to receive the Ensemble nomination for a second term, had criticised the selection of Ouzilleau as a candidate. References 1988 births Living people National Rally (France) politicians Deputies of the 16th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic 21st-century French politicians Members of the Regional Council of Normandy People from Lille
```objective-c /*** crtversion.h - macro definitions for CRT version. * Purpose: Contains macro definitions for the CRT version. * [System V] * * [Public] * ****/ #if !defined(_VC_CRT_MAJOR_VERSION) #define _VC_CRT_MAJOR_VERSION 14 #endif #if !defined(_VC_CRT_MINOR_VERSION) #define _VC_CRT_MINOR_VERSION 14 #endif #if !defined(_VC_CRT_BUILD_VERSION) #define _VC_CRT_BUILD_VERSION 26428 #endif #if !defined(_VC_CRT_RBUILD_VERSION) #define _VC_CRT_RBUILD_VERSION 1 #endif #ifndef _VC_LTL_Include #define _VC_LTL_Include #endif ```
1491 is a musical centered around Christopher Columbus before his voyage to discover the New World. Music and lyrics are by American composer and playwright Meredith Willson. It was Willson's final musical. The book was by Willson and Richard Morris with additional material by Ira Barmak and was based on an idea by Ed Ainsworth. Creation It was intended to have the show open in California in 1967, before transferring to Broadway. The previous two years were spent researching Columbus and traveling in Spain and Italy for possible material. Production history The musical, produced by the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera, opened in Los Angeles on September 2, 1969, and later transferred to San Francisco where it closed on December 13, 1969. The musical closed before reaching Broadway. Richard Morris was the director, Edwin Lester was the producer, and Danny Daniels was the choreographer. John Cullum starred as Christopher Columbus and Chita Rivera starred as his mistress. Jean Fenn played Queen Isabella. Sergio Franchi was previously cast as Columbus. References 1969 musicals Musicals by Meredith Willson Musicals inspired by real-life events Musicals set in the 15th century Cultural depictions of Christopher Columbus
Linette Lopez (born ) is an American journalist who focuses on U.S. politics and economics, and writes columns for Business Insider. As a senior finance editor, she has investigated companies involved with public-facing controversies, and is most widely known for her coverage of Tesla, Inc. A regular contributor to Marketplace produced by American Public Media, Lopez teaches as an adjunct professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. She has also been a frequent commentator on CNN, MSNBC, and Real Time with Bill Maher. In 2017, Lopez was recognized as a "Rising Star" in the Folio: Top Women in Media honors. In 2020, she received the Excellence in Financial Journalism Award from the New York State Society of CPAs (NYSSCPA) for her opinion piece, “The Huawei indictment marks the end of US and China's cycle of trust”. In June 2023, Lopez was awarded the New York Press Club Award for Journalism for her article, "The Stock Market Had It Coming". Early life and education The daughter of immigrants from the Dominican Republic, Lopez was born in Elkins, West Virginia. She is fluent in Spanish. Her father was a physician who did his residency in Buffalo, New York. She went to State College Area High School in State College, Pennsylvania. Lopez studied history and sociology at Columbia University, and received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 2008. She was a press intern for New York mayor Michael Bloomberg, and worked for one year for New York state senator Jeff Klein. Deciding to pursue a career in journalism, she went back to the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia. In graduate school, she studied business, wrote about underground music, and investigated misinformation emanating from Russia, and completed her degree in 2011. Career Lopez was an early employee at Business Insider, joining in 2011 as a markets intern. She became a breaking news reporter and covered Occupy Wall Street. Lopez went on to take over as editor of the finance section and started covering corporate fraud. More recently, she has worked as a columnist at Business Insider. According to Common Ground by Jane Whitney, which has featured Lopez as a panelist, her willingness to "[take] on titans in tech, politics, and business" ranging from Mark Zuckerberg to Donald Trump has made her the target of "intimidatory social media campaigns that have become all too familiar to 21st century journalists". Coverage of Elon Musk's businesses At Insider, Lopez covered entrepreneur Elon Musk's businesses, exposing issues including alleged safety lapses at Tesla, Inc. She also questioned the ethics and motivation behind some of his financial transactions, such as his 2016 bailout of SolarCity, a company founded by his cousins which had accumulated massive debt. In 2018, Lopez wrote that Tesla had stopped performing a brake test on its Model 3 electric sedan, in an effort to accelerate production at its assembly line, which had been fraught with problems. In 2019, she wrote that she had "counted at least 20 reported incidents of Teslas catching on fire since 2013 and five deaths in the past 14 months". In 2020, Lopez wrote articles accusing Tesla of selling the Model S, despite being aware of a battery design flaw that could lead to fires as early as 2012. Although industry observers such as InsideEVs expressed skepticism because Lopez had chosen not to publish the two analysis reports written by external engineering firms which concluded that the aluminum used in manufacturing was prone to cracks, Russ Mitchell of The Los Angeles Times subsequently confirmed the claims in her Business Insider story after reviewing the contents of the emails and documents, and interviewing his own sources. Her coverage of Tesla specifically ended in 2021. Retaliation by Musk In 2018, Musk openly disputed Lopez's reporting by claiming that she had written "several false articles". He also falsely claimed Lopez was on the payroll of short sellers betting against Tesla and, in the case of Martin Tripp's whistleblowing, paid bribes to Tripp to steal company secrets. Writing for Slate, Felix Salmon said in 2018 that "Musk's harassment of Lopez is obsessive and deranged" and that it went beyond stalking, because he was "setting his army of fanboys loose on Lopez". In 2022, Lopez's Twitter account was suspended following the December 15, 2022 Twitter suspensions of many journalists, whom Musk accused of doxing his whereabouts. Her account remained blocked without explanation after other journalists had theirs reinstated days later. According to Lopez, her account had been suspended after sharing court documents on Twitter alleging that Musk had hacked and doxed people. Several journalists and researchers tweeted their support for Lopez, noting that she had been "early & tireless in reporting issues at Musk's companies" and highlighting her past coverage. Selected articles Occupy Wall Street Lopez, Linette (October 14, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street's Plans for a National Convention". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (October 14, 2011). "Another Huge Weekend: Occupy Wall Street Is Coming to Your Neighborhood". CNBC. Lopez, Linette (October 20, 2011). "The Occupy Wall Street TV Ad Could Actually Air on TV". The Atlantic. Johnson, Robert and Lopez, Linette (November 14, 2011). "This Weekend's Occupy Crackdowns May Be The Beginning Of The End For Protest Groups". Business Insider. Jonnson, Robert and Lopez, Linette (November 15, 2011). "This Week's Occupy Evictions Were Systematically Plotted By The Nation's Mayors." Business Insider. Lopez, Linette and Du, Lisa (May 1, 2012). "Occupy Wall Street Has Gathered In Union Square, And The Demonstration Looks HUGE". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (January 16, 2014). "How Occupy Wall Street Won in One Chart". Business Insider. Tesla Lopez, Linette (June 4, 2018). "Internal documents reveal Tesla is blowing through an insane amount of raw material and cash to make Model 3s, and production is still a nightmare". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (July 3, 2018). "Elon Musk ordered Tesla engineers to stop doing a critical brake test on Model 3s". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (April 26, 2019). "Life, death, and spontaneous combustion — here's why the debate about Tesla fires just got more fierce". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (May 22, 2019). "One of Tesla's biggest bulls just turned around and trashed the company on a private call with Wall Street". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (October 30, 2019). "The future of Elon Musk's empire was in peril in 2016, and new documents reveal more about the desperate plan to save it". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (June 24, 2020). "Tesla knew its Model S battery had a design flaw that could lead to leaks and ultimately fires, starting in 2012. It sold the car anyway." Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (June 25, 2020). "Leaked Tesla emails tell the story of a design flaw discovered in 2012 in the Model S battery that could lead to breakdowns and fires". Business Insider. Lopez, Linette (December 1, 2020). "The bizarre case of Elon Musk and the Tesla whistleblower has closed, but questions about millions of dollars wasted at the Gigafactory remain". Business Insider. References External links https://www.insider.com/author/linette-lopez Living people 21st-century American journalists American online journalists American women journalists Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American women writers Columbia College (New York) alumni Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
The Triumph Vitesse is a compact six-cylinder car built by Standard-Triumph from 1962-1971. The car was styled by Giovanni Michelotti, and was available in saloon and convertible variants. The Vitesse name was first used by Austin in their 1914–16 Austin 20 (hp) and 30 (hp) Vitesse models. This was followed in 1922 by G. N.(Godfrey & Nash) on their GN Vitesse Cycle-car, and then by Triumph on a car made from 1935-1938. After the last Triumph Vitesse was made in 1971, the Vitesse name remained unused until 1982. In 1982, Rover began to use the name on their SD1 until 1986. They also used it from 1984-1990 on the SD3 216, and on the Rover 800 from October 1988 - 1991, at which time it was rebodied as the R17 version. The R17 was produced until 1998 as the Rover Vitesse Sport. Vitesse 6 The Triumph Vitesse was introduced on May 25, 1962 and reused a name previously used by the pre-Second World War Triumph Motor Company from 1936–38. The engine was an inline 6-cylinder performance version of the Triumph Herald small saloon. The Herald had been introduced in 1959 and was a 2-door car styled by the Italian designer Giovanni Michelotti. Within two years, Triumph began to give thought to a sports saloon based on the Herald and using their 6-cylinder engine. Michelotti was again approached for styling, and he came up with a car that used almost all body panels from the Herald, combined with a new front end with a slanted 4-headlamp design. Standard-Triumph fitted a 1596 cc version of their traditional straight-6 derived from the engine used in the Standard Vanguard Six, but with a smaller bore diameter of , compared with the bore on the Vanguard, equipped with twin Solex B32PIH semi-downdraught carburetors. These were soon replaced by B321H carburetors due to issues with accelerator pumps. A "seam" on the cylinder block between the third & fourth cylinders reveals the design beginnings of the 803cc Standard SC engine block, first used in the Standard Eight of 1953. The gearbox was strengthened and upgraded to closer (more sporting) gear ratios, and also offered with optional Laycock De Normanville 'D-type' overdrive with a 20% higher ratio for the top gear (the equivalent change from 3rd to 4th in a standard transmission), giving for more relaxed and economical cruising. Models fitted with overdrive had a chrome badge with "Overdrive" in italic text on the left side of the boot opposite the Vitesse 6 chrome script badge on the right. Synchromesh was present on 2nd, 3rd and 4th gears. The rear axle was changed to a slightly uprated differential, but retaining the same 4.11:1 ratio and flange sizes as the Herald. Front disc brakes were standard as were larger rear brake drums, and the Herald fuel tank was enlarged, retaining the reserve feature (essentially a curved pickup pipe that could be rotated to dip into the last few centimeters of fuel) of the smaller Herald tank. The front suspension featured uprated springs to cope with the extra weight of the new engine, while the rear suspension, a swing-axle transverse-leaf system, was mostly unchanged from the Herald. The chassis looked outwardly similar to the early Heralds, but in fact was substantially re-designed and strengthened, especially around the differential mountings, improvements which were immediately passed through to Herald production. The dash and instrument panel of the earliest Vitesse was the same as the Herald, with a single speedometer dial featuring fuel and temperature gauge insets. The Vitesse was available in convertibles and saloon forms; a coupé never got beyond the prototype stage. The separate chassis construction of the car meant that no additional strengthening to chassis or body was considered necessary for the convertible model, the only concession being additional door catches to prevent the doors opening during hard cornering. A handful of Vitesse estates also were assembled to special order at Standard-Triumph's Service Depot at Park Royal in West London. The Vitesse received a more luxurious interior compared to the Herald; wooden door capping were added to match the wooden dashboard and the car featured slightly better seats and door trims. Optional extras included a vinyl/fabric 'Britax Weathershield' sunroof on saloon models. Exterior trim was also improved with an elongated stainless steel trim piece which extended further down the body than the Herald, including a Vitesse specific piece of trim rearward of the petrol filler cap and satin-silver anodized alloy bumper capping replacing the white rubber Herald items. In September 1963 the Vitesse received its first facelift, when the dashboard was revised with a full range of Smith instruments instead of the large single dial from the Herald (large speedometer and cable driven tachometer flanked by smaller 2 inch fuel and temperature gauges). From September 1965, at commission number HB27986, the twin Solex carburettors were replaced by twin Stromberg CD 150 carburetors. Power output increased from the original at 5,000 rpm and torque of . There was a claimed increase of 13–14 bhp, and the motoring magazine tested top speed rose to , with the time decreasing from 46.6 seconds to 33.6 seconds. The Vitesse 6 sold extremely well for Triumph, proving to be the most popular Vitesse sold during the model's lifetime. The car received initial praise for its performance, fuel economy, interior and tight turning circle. Sports 6 The Vitesse 6 convertible was exported to the US as the left-hand drive Triumph Sports 6 from 1962 until 1964. Original US price (POE East Coast) was $2,499, and it was offered in White, Signal Red or Black. The Vitesse Saloon was never officially imported to the US. Due to its high retail price and competition from cars such as Ford's new Mustang, only 679 were sold before it was withdrawn from the market. Vitesse 2-Litre In September 1966, Triumph upgraded the engine to 1998cc, in line with the new Triumph GT6 coupé, and relaunched the Vitesse as the Vitesse 2-Litre. Power was increased to , endowing the new car with a claimed 0–60 mph time of just under 12 seconds, and lifting top speed to . (The 2-Litre was advertised by Triumph as "The Two Seater Beater"). Other detail modifications for the 2-litre included a stronger clutch, all synchromesh gearbox, larger front brakes, and a stronger differential with a slightly higher 3.89:1 ratio. Wider & stronger 4.5-inch wheel rims were fitted, but radial-ply tyres were still optional at extra cost. There was a satin silver anodized aluminium-alloy cowling above the new reversing light, and badges on the side of the bonnet and in the centre of the grille read 2 litre. The Vitesse boot badge was retained as italic script but lost the 6 of the earlier model - replacing that with the rectangular 2 litre badge and with a chrome strip underlining the Vitesse badge. Cars with overdrive had a separate badge on the cowling above the number plate/reversing light. Inside the car, the seats were improved, with softer (more plush) covering and a better back-rest shape which slightly improved rear-seat knee-room. A new leather-covered three-spoke steering wheel was also added. The Vitesse Mk I was sold until 1968. Vitesse Mk II The Vitesse Mark 2 was launched in October 1968 as the final update to the Vitesse range. For the Mark 2, Triumph focused on improvements to the rear suspension by fitting new lower wishbones and Rotoflex half-shaft couplings. This system, also shared with the new GT6 MKII (GT6+ in the US market), and the first GT6 MkIIIs, improved higher speed handing and roadholding. The solid swing axles of the Herald and earlier Vitesses had camber changes of some 15 degrees from the limits of travel. By adding the lower wishbone and the divided drive shaft whilst retaining the transverse leaf spring as the top link, this camber change was reduced to about 5 degrees. There were other improvements: the engine was tweaked once more to provide , cutting the 0–60 mph time to just over 11 seconds and providing a top speed of over . The main changes were to the valve timing, to give earlier opening and later closing of the inlet valves compared with the earlier 2-litre engine. (38/78 btdc/atdc for the Mk2 vs 30/60 for the 2 litre). Design changes to the cylinder head allowed for increased inlet valve diameters and better porting. Another major difference in the cylinder head removed the "step" in earlier 1600 and 2 litre incarnations. This meant that in the earlier cars the head studs on the right (manifold) side were short and ended under the manifolds, necessitating unbolting the (hot) manifolds and dropping them back to retorque the studs after a head gasket replacement. The MKII head was full width so all the studs were accessible. The inlet manifolds of the MkII were shorter than the 2 litre to keep inlet tract length the same. The Stromberg carburetors were also changed from 150 CD to 150 CDS, the S referring to the use of a spring between the dashpot cover and piston. The exterior featured a new grille with 3 sets of horizontal elements that were also used (in longer form) in the Herald 13/60, Rostyle wheel trims and silver painted steel rear panel (described by Triumph as "ceramic"). The interior was upgraded once more in order to share parts with the new Herald 13/60, though the Vitesse included a tachometer and larger ashtray. A new colour range was offered for the Mark 2 models. The aluminium cowling above the reversing light gained an oblong chromed VITESSE badge, and the separate chromed Mazak TRIUMPH letters on the bonnet and the boot lid were also deleted. The badges on the bonnet sides were changed to read Mk2 instead of 2 litre. Cars with overdrive had a small badge that fitted below the new rectangular Triumph boot badge. The Vitesse continued to sell well until its discontinuation in July 1971, seven months before being replaced by the Triumph Dolomite. Production figures Vitesse 6 (1600): May 1962 – September 1966; 31,261 saloon: 22,814 convertible: 8,447, includes 679 Sports 6 (USA) Vitesse 2-Litre: September 1966 – September 1968; 10,830 saloon: 7,328 convertible: 3,502 Vitesse Mk II: July 1968 – July 1971; 9,121 saloon: 5,649 convertible: 3,472 References Further reading Triumph Vitesse original sales brochure from 1964 Vitesse Cars introduced in 1962 1970s cars Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Automobiles with backbone chassis Sports sedans Convertibles
The Baked Potato is a prominent jazz club on Cahuenga Boulevard in Studio City, Los Angeles, California, opened by Don Randi (father of bassist Leah Randi) in 1970. Randi formed his own group, Don Randi and Quest, as the house band. Over the years it has hosted many live recordings from jazz fusion artists. Larry Carlton recorded Last Nite there in 1986. In 2010 The Baked Potato was named the Best Jazz Club in Los Angeles by Los Angeles magazine. They have cited it as a "mainstay for session players since 1975". Nick Menza of Megadeth collapsed and died while playing here with his band OHM on May 21, 2016. The club is mentioned in the 2016 musical film La La Land. References External links Official site Tripadvisor reviews Jazz clubs in Los Angeles Studio City, Los Angeles 1970 establishments in California Music venues completed in 1970
The Davis C. Cooper House is a historic house located at 301 Main Street in Oxford, Alabama. Description and history The house was built by Davis Clay Cooper in 1911. Cooper was a prominent local business leader, starting in his father's mercantile business. He later became the president of the Bank of Oxford, and was instrumental in establishing the Blue Springs Cotton Mill and the Oxford Oil Mill, as well as other business ventures. He also served on the city councils of Oxanna (before it merged into Anniston), Anniston, and Oxford, the board of education of Oxford, and was mayor of Oxford for 20 years. The house passed to Cooper's daughter, Annie, upon his death in 1943, and was sold out of the family in the 1970s. The house is built in a restrained Colonial Revival style, one of few large-scale examples of the style in Oxford. The two-story house has a truncated hipped roof with exposed rafter ends. The main block of the house is three bays wide, with a one-story entry portico supported by two groups of three columns. The front door has twelve panes of glass, and is surrounded by multi-light sidelights and a transom. The portico is flanked by a grouping of three windows, one six-over-one sash window surrounded by two four-over-one sashes on each side. A similar grouping of casement windows sits above the portico, while the outer bays of the second story feature pairs of six-over-one sashes. On the south (right) of the façade is a one-story sunroom topped with a deck. The interior plan is irregular, with rooms surrounding a central stair hall. Interior details are a blend of Colonial Revival and Late Victorian features. The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 2003 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. Also contributing to the property are a recreation building (which contains a bowling alley used by the adjacent Baptist church), garage, and gazebo. References National Register of Historic Places in Calhoun County, Alabama Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama Colonial Revival architecture in Alabama Houses completed in 1911 Houses in Calhoun County, Alabama Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage Oxford, Alabama
Cristóvão da Gama ( 1516 – 29 August 1542), anglicised as Christopher da Gama, was a Portuguese military commander who led a Portuguese army of 400 musketeers on a crusade in Ethiopia (1541–1543) against the Adal Muslim army of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (also known as Ahmad Guray). He, along with the allied Ethiopian army, was victorious against Adal forces in four battles, but he was seriously wounded in his last battle and was captured, tortured, and executed by Imam Ahmad. Richard Burton, in his First Footsteps in East Africa, referred to Gama as "the most chivalrous soldier of a chivalrous age". Early career Cristóvão (or Christopher) da Gama was the son of navigator Vasco da Gama and the younger brother of Estêvão da Gama. He first came to India in 1532 with his brother, returned to Portugal in 1535, then joined Garcia de Noronha in sailing to Diu 6 April 1538. Many times in these travels he demonstrated a quick mind that saved his companions. In recognition of his usefulness, in 1541, his brother Estêvão, then Viceroy of India, gave him command of a ship in the fleet Estêvão led into the Red Sea against the Ottoman naval base at Suez. He was defeated along with his brother in the ensuing battle against the Ottomans. Ethiopian campaign After this crushing defeat at the hands of the Adalites and Ottomans, he returned with his brother back to Massawa on May 22, 1541, to rejoin the ships they had left there. While at Massawa, his brother Estêvão da Gama attempted to salvage something from this expedition by dispatching an expeditionary force under Cristóvão to assist the beleaguered Emperor of Ethiopia, Gelawdewos. Four hundred Portuguese men-at-arms were selected, seventy of whom were also skilled artisans or engineers, and 130 slaves for this expedition, equipped with about a thousand arquebuses, an equal number of pikes and several bombards. João Bermudes, who had represented himself as the Patriarch of Ethiopia to the Portuguese, accompanied this expedition. An account of this campaign in the Ethiopian highlands was later written by Miguel de Castanhoso, who accompanied Gama and was an eye-witness to almost everything he recorded. The men were landed at Massawa and Arqiqo, the next port south of Massawa, and began their trek inland to Debarwa, the capital of the Bahr negus, or Ethiopian viceroy for the northern provinces. The Portuguese reached Debarwa after a march of eleven days on 20 July, to learn that the rainy season (which Castanhoso, as well as the natives, referred to as "winter") made further travel impossible. Cristóvão would not allow his men to pass the months in idleness, employing them in constructing sledges for the bombards and in raiding nearby villages that had accepted Ahmed Gragn's rule. He also learned from the Bahr negus that Queen Seble Wongel was camped nearby on top of a mountain that Ahmed had not been able to reduce by siege. (R.S. Whiteway identifies this mountain with Debre Damo.) With one hundred men, he marched to the mountain, and invited Queen Seble Wongel to join him; she did so, bringing her entourage of thirty men and fifty women, all of whom were received with careful ceremony. Once the rains ended, the Portuguese continued south. After months of being slowed by their equipment, Da Gama decided to leave half of it in an arsenal on Debre Damo. His army passed the Church of St. Romanos around Christmas of 1541, and celebrated Epiphany in the province of Agame (January 1542). Gama's first encounter with the Imam's troops was 2 February 1542 at the Battle of Bacente, which Whiteway located on Amba Senayt in Haramat. The invaders had taken possession of a hill from which they made raids into the countryside. Although Queen Seble Wongel advised Gama to march around this hill, advising him to wait until her son Emperor Gelawdewos could arrive from Shewa and join him, he believed that failing to engage the invaders would make the natives distrust his troops, and that they would then stop bringing food and supplies. Fortunately, the engagement was an unquestioned success, and Gama's men took the hill despite superior enemy numbers, losing only eight men. At the end of February, two Portuguese arrived from a ship anchored at Massawa, escorted by six people native to the area. Gama responded with a detachment of forty men to make contact, obtain supplies, and exchange news. This group failed to reach the ship before it sailed, and the only outcome was that these soldiers and their captain were absent for the next battle, which was against Ahmad Gragn himself. As Queen Seble Wongel had feared, the events at Bacente alerted Ahmad that a hostile army had entered the area, and he marched north to confront it, meeting Gama at Jarte (which Pedro Paez identifies with Sahart, although Whiteway locates it in the Wajirat Mountains). The Imam made the first contact, sending a messenger to Gama to demand that the Portuguese force either leave Ethiopia, join the Imam, or be destroyed. On the Imam's orders, the messenger produced the gift of a monk's habit, an expensive insult to Gama. Gama responded with his own messenger, who delivered "a few lines in Arabic", stating that he had come to Ethiopia "by order of the great Lion of the Sea" and on the "following day he [Ahmad] would see what the Portuguese were worth", and delivered Gama's own insulting gift: a pair of "small tweezers for the eyebrows, and a very large mirror—making him out [to be] a woman." Two battles followed these exchanges at Jarte, the first on 4 April and the next on 16 April. The first battle was a victory for the Portuguese, although Gama lost one of his captains: Ahmad Gragn was wounded, which forced his troops to retire to the far side of the plain. The Portuguese, finding their encampment on the battlefield becoming unbearable, moved across the plain next to the enemy camp, which led to the second battle. This time, the Adal-Ottoman army was even more soundly defeated, and according to Castanhoso, "The victory would have been complete this day had we only [had] a hundred horses to finish it." Ahmad was forced to retreat further south, where with fortune against him, the local population now openly defied him by refusing to provide him supplies or soldiers. Whiteway identifies the Imam's refuge as a village named Wajarat, while J. Spencer Trimingham places it in the Zobil mountains overlooking the Afar Depression. Gama marched after him as far as Lake Ashangi, where on the advice of Queen Seble Wongel, he made camp on a hill in Wofla as the rainy season started. At some point late in the rains, Gama was approached by a Jew (possibly one of the Beta Israel), who told him of a mountain stronghold that Ahmad Gragn's followers controlled weakly (identified by Whiteway as Amba Sel). It was also at this time that Gama was accurately informed about the Emperor Gelawdewos's true strength: the Ethiopian monarch was living as an outlaw in the south, with only sixty to seventy men in his army. However, the mountain was the major barrier between the two allies, and Gama also learned that the garrison had a large number of horses—a resource he had badly needed at the second battle of Jarte. Gama swiftly marched south with about a hundred men, and seized control of the mountain. Leaving thirty men behind to bring the horses, Gama led his victorious men back to Wofla, to find Ahmad Gragn in position to attack that next morning. Having successfully petitioned the governor of Zabid in South Arabia, as well as offering "much money" and submission to the official, Gragn received 2900 musketeers (2000 from Arabia and 900 handpicked Ottomans), many more than Gama had. Despite their bravery, the Portuguese were heavily defeated on 28 August at the Battle of Wofla, with only 170 surviving the assault (counting the thirty men escorting the horses from the Hill of the Jews). Gama, his arm broken from a bullet, was captured that night with fourteen companions by an Adal patrol. A British historian Clements Markham claimed in the 19th century that Gama's capture was due to his refusal to retreat in order to find an attractive lady with whom he had fallen in love, after capturing her at the Battle of the Hill of the Jews. Gama's death and aftermath Cristóvão da Gama was brought to Ahmed Gragn's camp, where the Imam produced the tweezers Gama had given him and began to pluck out his beard. There Gama was tortured in an attempt to force him to convert to Islam. Castanhoso's—and Jerónimo Lobo's account after him—describe Gama's fortitude and death in language worthy of a hagiography, complete with miracles. In the end Ahmad Gragn chopped off Gama's head and tossed it into a nearby spring, whose waters Castanhoso reported gained a reputation for giving "health to the sick". Lobo elaborates upon this story, claiming that upon hearing of this miracle the Imam had a dead dog tossed into the spring and the spring covered with a cairn of stones; Lobo confirms this detail in describing the account of a party sent to retrieve Gama's remains and send them to his nephew, Vasco da Gama Conde da Vidigueira. (Lobo gives the impression that he accompanied this expedition, but a letter of Manuel de Almeida states otherwise.) Certain that the surviving Portuguese were scattered, without their firearms, and alone in a foreign land, Ahmad Gragn concluded that this threat was ended, dismissed all but two hundred of the foreign musketeers, and proceeded to his camp at Derasge on the shores of Lake Tana. However, over 120 men had joined Queen Seble Wongel, who had taken refuge at the Mountain of the Jews. Ten days later her son, Emperor Gelawdewos, arrived and they took measure of their situation. Using the arms stockpiled at Debre Damo, the Portuguese were able to rearm themselves; with the promise of their ability, Gelawdewos was able to raise a new army, which met Ahmad Gragn at Wayna Daga. The Portuguese musketeers aimed their fire only at the Muslim musketeers, who had played a decisive part at Wofla—and at Imam Ahmad himself. While the sources differ on the exact details, most agree that Ahmad Gragn was killed by the men of Cristóvão da Gama to avenge their commander's death. References 1510s births 1542 deaths 16th century in Ethiopia Portuguese soldiers Portuguese Roman Catholics Executed Portuguese people Christians executed for refusing to convert to Islam Portuguese people executed abroad 16th-century Portuguese people Portuguese torture victims People executed by Ethiopia by decapitation Cristovao Portuguese explorers People from Évora
Val Suran is a commune in the department of Jura, eastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Saint-Julien (the seat), Bourcia, Louvenne and Villechantria. See also Communes of the Jura department References Communes of Jura (department)
Royal Copenhagen 2010 plaquettes are a series of small, collectible round flat plaquettes produced by Danish factories, Aluminia and Royal Copenhagen. The numbered and named series of 3-1/4” (80 mm) faience miniplates or "plaquettes" are generally round, though a few are square. The most common colors are moderate to deep blue on a white background, though some have additional colors. On the front, each has a scene depicting boats, landscapes, people, animals, steeples, buildings, statues, bridges, windmills, and more. Some also have a date on the outside edge. A variety of artists have provided the detailed artwork, including Kai Lange, Jørgen Nielsen, and Sven Vestergaard (1932-). On the back, each plaquette has two pierced holes so the plaquettes can be hung for display. In addition to the number 2010, most (though not all) have an identification number, along with a description (usually in Danish, all capital letters) of the front scene. Some have the words “ROYAL COPENHAGEN DENMARK FAJENCE”, or just ‘DENMARK”. Some have the factory mark, three wavy lines one atop another. Some have a monogram. Some have the Royal Copenhagen modified beehive mark: a capital "A" representing the Aluminia factory with three wavy lines, representing Royal Copenhagen, as cross strokes. All plates manufactured after 1969 have a crown and the words "Royal Copenhagen Denmark". The 2010 series is differentiated from the many other plaquettes by the number 2010 and item number on the back. Plaquettes without the 2010 number has also been produced, but the series with the 2010 number on the back are predominantly a series of tourist plaquettes with Danish sights. The plates were very popular as souvenirs or gifts for family abroad. The series includes a large selection of Danish castles and churches as well as other attractions. Earl Nelson Newman wrote and privately printed a small hard-cover book in 1973 entitled "The Danish Royal Copenhagen Plaquettes: 2010 Series". This book contains pictures and descriptions of plates #1-#85, and the special series featuring American Presidents, zoo animals, and antique autos. Because there was nearly no information/literatur about the "2010" Series, Carsten Pedersen (a collector himself) wrote a collector's catalogue in 2010. The catalogue describes about 448 miniplates (plaquettes) from the "2010" series and other series (old and new) from Royal Copenhagen, Aluminia, Köbenhavns Fajancefabrik and Bing & Gröndahl, Copenhagen. The catalogue was privately printed and entitled "Royal Copenhagen, Aluminia, Bing & Gröndahl - Plaquetten-Miniplates Series 2010 and special editions" References Further reading Christoffersen, Lars. Christmas Plates & Other Commemoratives from Royal Copenhagen and Bing & Grøndahl. A Schiffer book for collectors. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub, 2004. Newman, Earl Nelson. The Danish Royal Copenhagen Plaquettes, 2010 Series. 1973. Winstone, H. V. F. Royal Copenhagen. [London]: Stacey International, 1984. Pedersen, Carsten "Royal Copenhagen Aluminia Bing & Gröndahl Plaquetten-Miniplates Series 2010 and special Editions" External links Royal Copenhagen official website Royal Copenhagen
```html <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "path_to_url"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"> <title>Class function_base</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css"> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"> <link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Boost C++ Libraries BoostBook Documentation Subset"> <link rel="up" href="../function/reference.html#header.boost.function_hpp" title="Header <boost/function.hpp>"> <link rel="prev" href="bad_function_call.html" title="Class bad_function_call"> <link rel="next" href="functionN.html" title="Class template functionN"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../boost.png"></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../index.html">Home</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">People</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">FAQ</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td> </tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="bad_function_call.html"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../function/reference.html#header.boost.function_hpp"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="functionN.html"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a name="boost.function_base"></a><div class="titlepage"></div> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2><span class="refentrytitle">Class function_base</span></h2> <p>boost::function_base — The common base class for all Boost.Function objects. Objects of type function_base may not be created directly.</p> </div> <h2 xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv-title">Synopsis</h2> <div xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv"><pre class="synopsis"><span class="comment">// In header: <<a class="link" href="../function/reference.html#header.boost.function_hpp" title="Header <boost/function.hpp>">boost/function.hpp</a>> </span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="function_base.html" title="Class function_base">function_base</a> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span> <span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_2-bb">capacity</a></span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_2_1-bb"><span class="identifier">empty</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3-bb">target access</a></span> <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Functor<span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">Functor</span><span class="special"></span> <a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_1_1-bb"><span class="identifier">target</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Functor<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">Functor</span><span class="special"></span> <a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_1_2-bb"><span class="identifier">target</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Functor<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_2-bb"><span class="identifier">contains</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">Functor</span><span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type_info</span><span class="special">&</span> <a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_3-bb"><span class="identifier">target_type</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span><span class="special">;</span></pre></div> <div class="refsect1"> <a name="id-1.3.15.6.3.4.4"></a><h2>Description</h2> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="id-1.3.15.6.3.4.4.2"></a><h3> <a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_2-bb"></a><code class="computeroutput">function_base</code> capacity</h3> <div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"> <pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">bool</span> <a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_2_1-bb"></a><span class="identifier">empty</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span></pre> <div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact"> <colgroup> <col align="left" valign="top"> <col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><span class="term">Returns:</span></p></td> <td> <code class="computeroutput">false</code> if <code class="computeroutput">this</code> has a target, and <code class="computeroutput">true</code> otherwise.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><span class="term">Throws:</span></p></td> <td>Will not throw.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </li></ol></div> </div> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="id-1.3.15.6.3.4.4.3"></a><h3> <a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3-bb"></a><code class="computeroutput">function_base</code> target access</h3> <div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"> <li class="listitem"> <pre class="literallayout"><a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_1-bb"></a><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Functor<span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">Functor</span><span class="special"></span> <a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_1_1-bb"></a><span class="identifier">target</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Functor<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">Functor</span><span class="special"></span> <a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_1_2-bb"></a><span class="identifier">target</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span></pre> <div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact"> <colgroup> <col align="left" valign="top"> <col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><span class="term">Returns:</span></p></td> <td>If <code class="computeroutput">this</code> stores a target of type <code class="computeroutput">Functor</code>, returns the address of the target. Otherwise, returns the NULL pointer.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><span class="term">Throws:</span></p></td> <td>Will not throw.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </li> <li class="listitem"> <pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Functor<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_2-bb"></a><span class="identifier">contains</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">Functor</span><span class="special">&</span> f<span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span></pre> <div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact"> <colgroup> <col align="left" valign="top"> <col> </colgroup> <tbody><tr> <td><p><span class="term">Returns:</span></p></td> <td> <code class="computeroutput">true</code> if <code class="computeroutput">this-><a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_1-bb">target</a><Functor>()</code> is non-NULL and <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="function_equal.html" title="Function template function_equal">function_equal</a>(*(this->target<Functor>()), f)</code> </td> </tr></tbody> </table></div> </li> <li class="listitem"> <pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type_info</span><span class="special">&</span> <a name="id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_3_3-bb"></a><span class="identifier">target_type</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span></pre> <div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact"> <colgroup> <col align="left" valign="top"> <col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><span class="term">Returns:</span></p></td> <td> <code class="computeroutput">typeid</code> of the target function object, or <code class="computeroutput">typeid(void)</code> if <code class="computeroutput">this-><a class="link" href="function_base.html#id-1_3_15_6_2_1_2_2_1-bb">empty</a>()</code>. Works even with RTTI off.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><span class="term">Throws:</span></p></td> <td>Will not throw.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </li> </ol></div> </div> </div> </div> <table xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr> <td align="left"></td> <code class="filename">LICENSE_1_0.txt</code> or copy at <a href="path_to_url" target="_top">path_to_url </div></td> </tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="bad_function_call.html"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../function/reference.html#header.boost.function_hpp"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="functionN.html"><img src="../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> </body> </html> ```
Khorassania compositella is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in the Europe. The wingspan is 20–24 mm. The moth flies from May to October . The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris. Notes The flight season refers to Belgium. This may vary in other parts of the range. External links Lepidoptera of Belgium Moths described in 1835 Phycitini Moths of Europe
Loma may refer to: Geography United States Loma, Colorado Loma, Montana Loma, Nebraska Loma, North Dakota Other countries Loma, Ladakh, a town in Ladakh, India Loma (woreda), a district in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia Loma (Jandaha), a village in Vaishali, Bihar, India Loma Mountains, a mountain range in Sierra Leone Anthropology Loma people, of Guinea and Liberia Loma language, spoken by the Loma People Vasiliy Lomachenko (born 1988), Ukrainian professional boxer Other uses Loma (microsporidian), a genus of microsporidians Loma Records, a 1960s subsidiary of Warner Bros. Records Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA), a document issued by the National Flood Insurance Program Life Office Management Association (LOMA), an insurance trade association Vasyl Lomachenko (born 1988), Ukrainian professional boxer Loma Lookboonmee See also Lota (name) Language and nationality disambiguation pages
```c /* libunwind - a platform-independent unwind library Portions of this software were developed by Konstantin Belousov under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation. This file is part of libunwind. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. / #include <stdio.h> #include <signal.h> #include "unwind_i.h" #include "offsets.h" #include "ex_tables.h" HIDDEN int arm_handle_signal_frame (unw_cursor_t cursor) { struct cursor c = (struct cursor ) cursor; int ret, fmt; unw_word_t sc_addr, sp, sp_addr = c->dwarf.cfa; struct dwarf_loc sp_loc = DWARF_LOC (sp_addr, 0); if ((ret = dwarf_get (&c->dwarf, sp_loc, &sp)) < 0) return -UNW_EUNSPEC; fmt = unw_is_signal_frame(cursor); c->dwarf.pi_valid = 0; if (fmt == UNW_ARM_FRAME_SYSCALL) { c->sigcontext_format = ARM_SCF_FREEBSD_SYSCALL; c->frame_info.frame_type = UNW_ARM_FRAME_SYSCALL; c->frame_info.cfa_reg_offset = 0; c->dwarf.loc[UNW_ARM_R7] = c->dwarf.loc[UNW_ARM_R12]; dwarf_get (&c->dwarf, c->dwarf.loc[UNW_ARM_R14], &c->dwarf.ip); return 1; } c->sigcontext_format = ARM_SCF_FREEBSD_SIGFRAME; sc_addr = sp_addr; /* Save the SP and PC to be able to return execution at this point later in time (unw_resume). / c->sigcontext_sp = c->dwarf.cfa; c->sigcontext_pc = c->dwarf.ip; c->sigcontext_addr = sc_addr; c->frame_info.frame_type = UNW_ARM_FRAME_SIGRETURN; c->frame_info.cfa_reg_offset = sc_addr - sp_addr; / Update the dwarf cursor. Set the location of the registers to the corresponding addresses of the uc_mcontext / sigcontext structure contents. / #define ROFF(n) (FREEBSD_SC_UCONTEXT_OFF + FREEBSD_UC_MCONTEXT_OFF + \ FREEBSD_MC_R0_OFF + (n) 4) #define SL(n) \ c->dwarf.loc[UNW_ARM_R ## n] = DWARF_LOC (sc_addr + ROFF(n), 0); SL(0); SL(1); SL(2); SL(3); SL(4); SL(5); SL(6); SL(7); SL(8); SL(9); SL(10); SL(11); SL(12); SL(13); SL(14); SL(15); #undef SL #undef ROFF /* Set SP/CFA and PC/IP. / dwarf_get (&c->dwarf, c->dwarf.loc[UNW_ARM_R13], &c->dwarf.cfa); dwarf_get (&c->dwarf, c->dwarf.loc[UNW_ARM_R15], &c->dwarf.ip); return 1; } / Returns 1 in case of a non-RT signal frame and 2 in case of a RT signal frame. / int unw_is_signal_frame (unw_cursor_t cursor) { struct cursor c = (struct cursor ) cursor; unw_word_t w0, w1, w2, w3, ip; unw_addr_space_t as; unw_accessors_t a; void arg; int ret; as = c->dwarf.as; a = unw_get_accessors_int (as); arg = c->dwarf.as_arg; ip = c->dwarf.ip; if ((ret = (a->access_mem) (as, ip, &w0, 0, arg)) < 0) return ret; if ((ret = (a->access_mem) (as, ip + 4, &w1, 0, arg)) < 0) return ret; if ((ret = (a->access_mem) (as, ip + 8, &w2, 0, arg)) < 0) return ret; if ((ret = (a->access_mem) (as, ip + 12, &w3, 0, arg)) < 0) return ret; if (w0 == 0xe1a0000d && w1 == 0xe2800040 && w2 == 0xe59f700c && w3 == 0xef0001a1) return UNW_ARM_FRAME_SIGRETURN; if ((ret = (*a->access_mem) (as, ip - 4, &w0, 0, arg)) < 0) return ret; if (w0 == 0xef000000) return UNW_ARM_FRAME_SYSCALL; return 0; } ```
Discoduratere Nunatak (, ) is the rocky hill extending 180 m in southeast–northwest direction and 150 m wide, rising to 76 m at Quesada Cove on the north coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The feature is named after the ancient Roman emporium and fortress of Discoduratere in Northern Bulgaria. Location Discoduratere Nunatak is centred at , which is 940 m southeast of Baklan Point, 680 m south-southwest of Meana Point and 3.07 km southwest of Cariz Point. British mapping of the area in 1968. Maps Livingston Island to King George Island. Scale 1:200000. Admiralty Nautical Chart 1776. Taunton: UK Hydrographic Office, 1968 South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map No. 3373. DOS 610 - W 62 58. Tolworth, UK, 1968 Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated Notes References Discoduratere Nunatak. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English) External links Discoduratere Nunatak. Copernix satellite image Nunataks of the South Shetland Islands Bulgaria and the Antarctic
"The Lord's Prayer" is a song written by David Fanshawe for his 1972 choral work African Sanctus. The song was recorded featuring American-Australian singer Marcia Hines and released in March 1988. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1989, Hines received a nomination for ARIA Award for Best Female Artist, losing to Kate Ceberano's You've Always Got the Blues. Track listing CD (WEA 7-258054) "The Lord's Prayer" - 3:08 "Ring Out the Bells" - 5:00 Vinyl (WEA – 255539-1) "The Lord's Prayer" - 3:08 "Cattles Songs From Kenya And Uganda" - 3:00 "African Lamentation" - 1:02 "The Lord's Prayer" (Choir Version) - 3:12 "Only a Star" - 1:52 "Holy Jesus" - 1:30 "Ring Out the Bells" - 5:00 "Spoken Introduction/Ring Out the Bells" - 8:02 "Ring Out the Bells" (Encore) - 3:26 References Marcia Hines songs 1972 songs 1988 singles
A list of films produced in Argentina in 2008: See also 2008 in Argentina External links Argentine films of 2008 at the Internet Movie Database 2008 Argentine Films
The National Productivity Council (NPC) was established in 1958 as an autonomous organization under Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India), Government of India. There are 13 regional offices and one training institute. 124 full time professional/consultants work at headquarter in New Delhi. Shri Piyush Goyal is current president, Shri Arun Kumar Jha is Director General of National Productivity Council India. In addition to conducting productivity research, NPC has provided consulting and training services to the government, public and private sector organizations in areas such as Industrial Engineering, Agri-Business, Economic Services, Quality Management, Human Resources Management, Information Technology, Technology Management, Energy Management, Environmental Management, and others. NPC's vision is to be the knowledge leader in competitiveness, providing state-of-the-art services to the Indian economy so that it can compete globally. The goal is to contribute to the country's long-term, inclusive socioeconomic growth by increasing productivity. The National Productivity Council's headquarters has become the first government building in Delhi to have HT-solar panels installed to fulfil a portion of its electricity needs. History On date 12 February 1958 National Productivity Council was Registered under Societies Registration Act XXI, 1860. Registered office of the Society was located at “Utpadakta Bhavan” 5–6, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110 003, in the National Capital Region of Delhi. NPC is a constituent of the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organization (APO), an Inter-Governmental Body, The Government of India is a founder member. The National Productivity Council has been accredited by the Quality Council of India's National Accreditation Board for Certification Body to ISO 17020:2012. Collaborations 16 Mar 2021, PTC India Limited has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with National Productivity Council (NPC). 5 Oct 2020, memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between National Productivity Council and CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, India. 20 July 2020, National Productivity Council under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry has tied up with Dr. Sanjay Chugh, Senior Consultant Psychiatrist to do webinar for dealing with mental stress during the pandemics. 18 June 2019, The North Eastern Council (NEC) and National Productivity Council (NPC) have agreed to work together in the areas of capacity building and project evaluation. 3 Nov 2015, Danfoss Industries signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with National Productivity Council. 24 Nov 2014, National Productivity Council launches scheme to curb energy wastage. On Monday held a meeting regarding enhancement of competitiveness at industrial units in Ludhiana by decreasing energy wastage. References 1958 establishments in India
```objective-c // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. // Original code copyright 2014 Foxit Software Inc. path_to_url #ifndef FXJS_CJS_APP_H_ #define FXJS_CJS_APP_H_ #include <memory> #include <set> #include <vector> #include "fxjs/cjs_object.h" #include "fxjs/js_define.h" class CJS_Runtime; class GlobalTimer; class CJS_App final : public CJS_Object { public: static int GetObjDefnID(); static void DefineJSObjects(CFXJS_Engine* pEngine); CJS_App(v8::Local<v8::Object> pObject, CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); ~CJS_App() override; void TimerProc(GlobalTimer* pTimer); void CancelProc(GlobalTimer* pTimer); static WideString SysPathToPDFPath(const WideString& sOldPath); JS_STATIC_PROP(activeDocs, active_docs, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(calculate, calculate, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(formsVersion, forms_version, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(fs, fs, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(fullscreen, fullscreen, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(language, language, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(media, media, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(platform, platform, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(runtimeHighlight, runtime_highlight, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(viewerType, viewer_type, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(viewerVariation, viewer_variation, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_PROP(viewerVersion, viewer_version, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(alert, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(beep, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(browseForDoc, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(clearInterval, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(clearTimeOut, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(execDialog, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(execMenuItem, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(findComponent, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(goBack, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(goForward, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(launchURL, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(mailMsg, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(newFDF, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(newDoc, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(openDoc, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(openFDF, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(popUpMenuEx, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(popUpMenu, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(response, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(setInterval, CJS_App); JS_STATIC_METHOD(setTimeOut, CJS_App); private: static int ObjDefnID; static const char kName[]; static const JSPropertySpec PropertySpecs[]; static const JSMethodSpec MethodSpecs[]; CJS_Result get_active_docs(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_active_docs(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_calculate(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_calculate(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_forms_version(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_forms_version(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_fs(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_fs(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_fullscreen(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_fullscreen(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_language(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_language(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_media(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_media(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_platform(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_platform(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_runtime_highlight(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_runtime_highlight(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_viewer_type(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_viewer_type(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_viewer_variation(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_viewer_variation(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result get_viewer_version(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime); CJS_Result set_viewer_version(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp); CJS_Result alert(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result beep(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result browseForDoc(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result clearInterval(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result clearTimeOut(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result execDialog(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result execMenuItem(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result findComponent(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result goBack(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result goForward(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result launchURL(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result mailMsg(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result newFDF(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result newDoc(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result openDoc(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result openFDF(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result popUpMenuEx(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result popUpMenu(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result response(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result setInterval(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); CJS_Result setTimeOut(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params); void RunJsScript(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, const WideString& wsScript); void ClearTimerCommon(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> param); bool m_bCalculate = true; bool m_bRuntimeHighLight = false; std::set<std::unique_ptr<GlobalTimer>> m_Timers; }; #endif // FXJS_CJS_APP_H_ ```
Gap Band VII is the ninth album by the Gap Band, released in 1985 on Total Experience Records. The album includes the single from original Jerry Peters's song "Going in Circles". As AllMusic's Amy Hanson said in her review of the album, "The band was quickly back to business across the eminently catchy tunes "Automatic Brain" and "Ooh, What a Feeling," leaving both "L'il Red Funkin' Hood" and "Bumpin' Gum People," which features funkier vocals than listeners had heard from the band in quite some time, to round out the set with some good-old Gap Band sonics. Elsewhere, the band pulled a quiet storm trick out of their bag on 'I Know We'll Make It'." An expanded and remastered version of the album was released on April 29, 2013, by Big Break Records with six additional tracks. Track listing (*) Bonus tracks on the remastered version Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References External links Gap Band VII at Discogs Facebook Page Myspace Page Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Gap Band The Gap Band at WhoSampled Charlie Wilson in-depth interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' August 2011 Charlie Wilson 2011 Interview at Soulinterviews.com 1985 albums The Gap Band albums Total Experience Records albums
Mohammed Kozbar (محمد كزبر) is a trustee and general secretary of the Finsbury Park Mosque. He is also the vice president of the Muslim Association of Britain (MAB). Finsbury Park Mosque Kozbar is chairman of the Finsbury Park mosque. References Lebanese emigrants to the United Arab Emirates Islam in the United Kingdom Living people Arabs in the United Kingdom Year of birth missing (living people)
Dompoase, a suburb of Kumasi, and located in the Adansi North District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The place is known for Dompoase Senior High School. It is a town of 30,000 people in Ghana. Kumasi is the capital of the region, considered the wealthiest and most powerful in the nation. It is the area of most cocoa production, as well as gold mining. History At the beginning of the 17th century, Dompoase was the capital of the Adansi tribe. It held this position until the mid-17th century. In November 2009, Dompoase was the site of a collapse of an illegal gold mine, in which 18 people were killed, including 13 women. National officials said this was the worst mine collapse in Ghanaian history. It highlighted dangers for the galamseys, thousands of independent artisanal workers in gold mining who work by hand. Many women work as porters and sorters in such operations. In neighboring francophone nations, such workers are known as orpailleurs. Facilities Christ is the Answer Preparatory School References Populated places in the Ashanti Region
Colossamite was an American math rock band based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They were one of the most prominent exponents of the genre. Colossamite's members included Nick Sakes (vocals, electric guitar), Ed Rodriguez (electric guitar), John Dieterich (electric guitar), and Chad Popple (drum set); the group had no bass player. All except Sakes were transplanted Wisconsinites. Like similar groups such as Zeni Geva, Craw, U.S. Maple, or Dazzling Killmen (this last group for which Sakes sang before relocating to Minnesota) Colossamite's music was almost hyperbolically brutal, chaotic, and rhythmically and formally complex. Rather than relying, as most heavy metal bands, on guitar distortion to produce an intense sound, Colossamite instead often relied on very loud "clean" (undistorted) guitars, played dissonantly, in conjunction with vocals that were screamed rather than sung. Songs featured jarring shifts in tempo and mood, with the overall sound being extremely raw, heavy and often slow. Colossamite released three recordings on the Chicago-based Skin Graft Records and one split CD on Italy's Freeland Records. The group, however, did not last long, perhaps because the extreme and uncompromising nature of its music (as with much contemporary classical music, which incidentally Colossamite's music resembles) was appreciated mainly by a niche audience, thus proving fairly uncommercial. The group disbanded in 1998. Three of the four members now play in the experimental rock band Gorge Trio, based in Oakland, California. Discography 1997 - All Lingo's Clamor EP (Skin Graft) 1998 - Gust's of Lead split 7-inch with White Tornado (Skin Graft) 1998 - Economy of Motion (Skin Graft) 1998 - Frisbee EP - came with a Colossamite frisbee (aka Camera Within EP, Skin Graft) References External links Colossamite page at Southern Records site Colossomite photos from Skin Graft Records site] Colossamite page Interview about Colossamite (2003) [ AllMusic entry for Colossamite] Listening Colossamite audio samples Musical groups disestablished in 1998 Math rock groups Rock music groups from Minnesota
The LORAN-C transmitter Rantum is a transmission facility for LORAN-C on the German island Sylt near the village Rantum at . It was established in the 1960s, initially using a guyed steel framework mast with a triangular cross section, approximately 190 metres tall. In 1996 this mast was replaced by a 193-metre-high mast of the same type but of a better mechanical design. The new mast is, as its forerunner, insulated from ground and has a triangular cross section. The construction, weighing , is guyed in four levels at , , and . The transmitter was shut down on Dec 31, 2015. External links http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b45904 See also List of masts LORAN-C transmitters Radio masts and towers in Germany 1960s establishments in Germany
A cattle feeder is a farmer who buys or rears cattle to add weight and quality to the cattle for the meat industry. References Agricultural occupations
Live at Low End Theory is a live album by American electronic music producer Daedelus. It was released on Alpha Pup Records in 2008. Recorded live at Low End Theory in July 2007, it was mixed and mastered by Daddy Kev. Critical reception Marisa Brown of AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5, saying: "Although Daedelus certainly relies on a lot of computer wizardry when he crafts his albums, the producer proves that he's just as capable of putting on an energetic and dynamic live show as anyone else, be they electronica artists or not." Tim O Neil of PopMatters gave the album 8 stars out of 10, saying: "It's casual, almost scattershot in a charming way that offers up an entirely different vantage on the man's music." Track listing References External links 2008 live albums Daedelus (musician) albums Alpha Pup Records live albums
Kain-Yelga (; , Qayınyılğa) is a rural locality (a village) in Subkhankulovsky Selsoviet, Tuymazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 119 as of 2010. There are 10 streets. Geography Kain-Yelga is located 12 km southeast of Tuymazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zigityak is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Tuymazinsky District
Dynasty is an Australian TV series that aired from 7 October 1970 to 6 October 1971, based on the 1967 Tony Morphett novel of the same name which had been previously adapted as a television play. 1969 TV play The novel was first adapted as a television play produced by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC), and broadcast in October 1969 as one installment of an anthology series of unrelated plays under the title Australian Plays. The project was written by Morphett based on his novel, and directed in Melbourne by Oscar Whitbread. Plot Inventor Jim Richards (Terry Norris) seeks financial backing from the Mason Corporation for his new machine. He finds himself in the middle of a power struggle for control of the corporation, including a family dispute. David Mason uses his affair with his sister-in-law Kathy to his advantage. Cast Terry Norris as Jim Richards Brian James as Jack Mason, head of family Mark McManus as Peter Mason, a brother Ron Graham as John Mason, a brother Kevin Miles as David Mason Alan Hopgood as Jacob Goldberg Reception The Sydney Morning Herald called the play "the best thing the ABC has done in a long, long time." "Dynasty belongs to a handful of programs, all produced by the ABC, which examine media power in Australia and indeed it would be interesting to compare Dynasty with later studies such as The Oracle (1979) and Paper Man (1990)." Moran praised actor John Tate for a "very strong performance". TV series Following the success of the TV play, a regular TV series was produced with a largely different cast. Premiering in July 1970, the first series consisted of 10 episodes, and the second and final series consisted of 13 episodes. Plot summary Dynasty follows media mogul Jack Mason and his grasping sons John, David and Peter. Cast John Tate as Jack Mason (Episodes 1–10) Ron Graham as John Mason Kevin Miles as David Mason Nick Tate as Peter Mason Anne Haddy as Kathy Mason, John's wife Pat Bishop as Patricia Mason, Peter's wife Serge Lazareff as Christopher Mason, John and Kathy's son Owen Weingott as Jacob Goldberg Ben Gabriel as 'Unk' Martel Tony Ward as Nigel Dayton Lyn James as Maggie Tench, Jack's secretary Episodes Twenty-three episodes were produced. Series 1 Series 2 References External links Dynasty at Classic Australian TV Dynasty TV series at AustLit Dynasty rehearsal script at National Archives of Australia 1970 Australian television series debuts 1971 Australian television series endings 1970s Australian drama television series Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming English-language television shows
Magnus Carlsson (born 20 April 1965) is a Swedish illustrator, director and animator. Biography Carlsson was born in Gothemburg, Västra Götaland, and is one of Sweden's best known and most active animators. He started animating professionally in 1988, and has since created a series of animated films and television series. Among other things, he has created The Three Friends and Jerry, which has been distributed to over 100 countries. He also created Radiohead's video for the song "Paranoid Android", for which he was nominated for a number of MTV Video Music Awards. Carlsson has also made the stop-motion animated feature film Desmond & the Swamp Barbarian Trap, which premiered on 19 November 2006. Filmography Television Robin (1996) Lisa (1998) The Three Friends and Jerry (De tre vännerna och Jerry) (1998) Da Möb (2001) Film Desmond's Trashed Apple Tree (Desmonds trashade äppelträd) (2004) Desmond & the Swamp Barbarian Trap (Desmond & träskpatraskfällan) (2006) References External links Magnus Carlsson - Official website Swedish animators Swedish animated film directors 1965 births Living people
The Type-90, also known as the MZD-2, is a Chinese submunition used in the 122 mm Type-81 cluster rocket. It is made by Norinco. Type-81 rockets with Type-90 submunitions were used by Hezbollah against Israel in the 2006 Lebanon War, and they have been used in the Syrian Civil War as bombs dropped by weaponized Hezbollah quadcopters. Each Type-90 resembles a small cylindrical bell with a ribbon at one end. A plastic band full of 3mm steel spheres wraps horizontally around the middle of the cylinder. Inside is an armor-piercing shaped charge. Each Type-81 rocket contains 39 Type-90 submunitions. References Submunitions
The Lord Howe currawong (Strepera graculina crissalis), Lord Howe Island currawong or Lord Howe pied currawong, is a large and mainly black passerine bird in the family Artamidae. It is endemic to Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea, part of New South Wales, Australia, and is a threatened subspecies of the pied currawong. Description The currawong is similar to the other subspecies of the pied currawong. It is generally a black bird with yellow eyes, white on the wing, undertail coverts, the base of the tail and tip of the tail. Compared with the nominate subspecies of eastern Australia it has a longer and more slender bill, less white on the wings and tail, and a paler iris. Distribution and habitat The currawong is restricted to the Lord Howe Island group where it inhabits the main island's native subtropical rainforest and palm forest, especially along creeks and in gullies, as well as areas around human habitation. Behaviour The Lord Howe currawong has a strong sense of curiosity, often following walkers on the island's tracks. They are aggressive during the breeding season and will swoop at walkers who approach their nests. Feeding The currawong is a predator and an omnivore. The birds forage widely throughout the island and offshore seabird colonies. They take small birds and the young of many birds, including domestic poultry, as well as seeds and fruits. Breeding The currawong breeds in territories in the forest that contain a section of gully or watercourse lined with tall timber. It has been estimated that the island is large enough to contain 35-40 territories. The bird builds a cup-shaped nest of sticks and twigs, lined with finer twigs, in the outer branches of a tree, in which it lays a clutch of three light brown eggs, marked with darker blotches. The incubation period is 21 days and the time from hatching to fledging about 30. Voice The currawong has a distinct loud and melodious call. Status and conservation In 2000 the population was estimated to comprise about 80 mature breeding birds. The taxon is listed as Vulnerable under Australia's EPBC Act because of its small and restricted population and occasional persecution due to its predatory habits. Notes References Garnett, Stephen T.; & Crowley, Gabriel M. (2000). The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000. Environment Australia: Canberra. Higgins, P.J.; Peter, J.M.; & Cowling, S.J. (eds). 2006. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 7: Boatbill to Starlings. Oxford University Press: Melbourne. Hindwood, K.A. (1940). The Birds of Lord Howe Island. Emu 40: 1-86. Hutton, Ian. (1991). Birds of Lord Howe Island - Past and Present. Author: Coffs Harbour. Schodde, R.; & Mason, I.J. (1999). The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne. External links Australian Government, Dept of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts: Strepera graculina crissalis Strepera Birds of Lord Howe Island Birds described in 1877
The Brazilian Labour Party (, PTB) was a populist political party in Brazil founded in 1945 by supporters of President Getúlio Vargas. It was dismantled by the Institutional Act Number Two in 1965 during the military dictatorship in Brazil. History The party was founded by followers of President Getúlio Vargas on May 15, 1945, during the final days of his Estado Novo. It grew rapidly under the leadership of Vargas, the most important Brazilian politician of the early to mid-20th century. Its main goal was to prevent a growth of Communist Party membership among urban workers. According to Vargas himself, the party was created to "serve as a buffer between the unions and the communists." PTB's support came from the trade unions controlled by the Ministry of Labour, and its trump card was the prestige of Getúlio Vargas, its honorary chairman, which introduced social and labor legislation in the country. From 1945 to 1962, PTB was the third force in Brazilian politics, after the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Democratic Union (UDN), but it became more popular than the UDN in the 1962 Congressional elections. In 1950, Vargas was elected to a second term through PTB. Vargas committed suicide in 1954, and his heir João Goulart became the central figure in the party along with the populist Leonel Brizola. Since the party was a close ally of PSD, also founded by supporters of the late Vargas, it remained in power when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected President in 1955. Goulart was elected Vice President in 1955 and 1960, becoming President in 1961 with the resignation of Jânio Quadros. PTB was in power again, but Goulart was overthrown by a military-led coup d'état in 1964. Various PTB figures were removed from the National Congress, and all political parties, including PTB, were dissolved on October 27, 1965. Nearly all of the party merged with the bulk of the PSD to form the Brazilian Democratic Movement, the only opposition party permitted for the first decade of the military dictatorship. A new PTB, this time a centre-right party, was established by Ivete Vargas, Getúlio's niece, in 1980, with the end of the artificial two-party system imposed by the military regime. Brizola led the majority of the PTB's former followers into the Democratic Labour Party. References Defunct political parties in Brazil Labour parties Political parties established in 1945 Social democratic parties in Brazil Political parties disestablished in 1965 1945 establishments in Brazil 1964 disestablishments in Brazil Getúlio Vargas Banned socialist parties
Dzulkifli bin Abdul Razak (born 1951) is a Malaysian emeritus professor, educationist and scientist who has served as the 6th Rector of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) since 1 August 2018. He was the Chairman of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Board of Directors from April 2016 to September 2018. Education Dzulkifli obtained a degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and a degree of Master of Science in Pharmacology from University of Strathclyde. He undertook secondary education at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK). He is a Fellow of the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, the World Academy of Art and Science, and the Malaysian Institute of Management. He is also Honorary Lifetime Member of Asian Academy of Management. Career Dzulkifli started his career as an academician at USM, where he became its Vice Chancellor from 2000 to 2011. He then left USM to become the Vice Chancellor of Albukhary International University before moving to USIM to become a Distinguished Fellow at its Faculty of Leadership and Management and Chair of Islamic Leadership in 2014. Prior to joining USIM, he served as a member of the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Advisory Panel on Drug Policy and Management from 1995 to 2010 and the WHO Scientific Committee of Tobacco Product Regulation from 2004 to 2006. He was also President of the International Association of Universities from 2012 to 2016. On 1 April 2016, Dzulkifli was appointed as Chairman of USIM Board of Directors for a three-year term. On 1 August 2018, Dzulkifli, who was a Visiting Professor of IIUM between 2011 and 2013, succeeded Professor Dato' Sri Dr. Zaleha Kamaruddin as Rector of IIUM. He is expected to hold the office for a three-year term. Honours Universitas 21 awarded Gilbert Medal to Dzulkifli on 4 May 2017 in recognition of his contributions to education. He was also awarded with honorary doctorates for the same. He was made an Honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Portsmouth, University of Nottingham and Mykolas Romeris University, and an Honorary Doctor of Educational Science by Istanbul Commerce University. Honour of Malaysia : Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (2008) : Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – Dato' (2001) : Companion of the Order of the Defender of State (DMPN) – Dato' (2003) : Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (DPMP) – Dato' (2004) Family Dzulkifi is the second child of Abdul Razak Abdul Hamid, the sole Malaysian survivor of Hiroshima bombing that took place in 1945. He is married to Masrah Abidin and has four children. References Living people Malaysian pharmacologists Academic staff of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Knights Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia 1951 births
The San Diego Fighter Wing is a disbanded United States Air Force unit. The wing provided air defense of southern California and trained fighter units and pilots. It was stationed at San Diego, California, where it was disbanded on 7 June 1944. History Along the Pacific coast, Western Defense Command established a "vital air defense zone", extending from the coast approximately inland and to sea. To carry out this mission, Fourth Air Force organized regional air defense wings in August 1942. Only one squadron of Army Air Forces fighters were attached to the wing, with most tactical elements drawn from the Navy. Lineage Constituted as the San Diego Air Defense Wing on 6 August 1942 Activated on 11 August 1942 Redesignated San Diego Fighter Wing in July 1943 Disbanded on 7 June 1944 Assignments IV Fighter Command, 11 August 1942 Fourth Air Force, 31 March 1944 – 7 June 1944 Stations San Diego, California, 20 August 1942 – 7 June 1944 References Notes Explanatory notes Citations Bibliography Fighter wings of the United States Army Air Forces Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
The 1st Colonial Infantry Division () was a French Army formation prior to World War I and during World War II. Before World War I Prior to the start of World War I, the division was composed of: 5th Colonial Infantry Regiment 6th Colonial Infantry Regiment 21st Colonial Infantry Regiment 23rd Colonial Infantry Regiment However, in the re-organisation immediately prior to World War I, the division was disbanded, with the 5th and 6th Colonial Infantry Regiments going to the French 14th Corps, and the 21st and 23rd Colonial Infantry Regiments going to the French 1st Colonial Corps. 1927 - 1940 On 1 November 1927, the 1st Senegalese Colonial Infantry Division was recreated by transformation of the 35th infantry division. It was stationed in Bordeaux, and later renamed 1st Colonial Infantry Division. It was an active division which existed during peacetime. The Senegalese Tirailleurs Regiments contained troops from French West Africa. The Colonial Infantry and Artillery Regiments were made up of French troops who had volunteered to serve overseas if needed. During the Battle of France in May 1940 the division was made up of the following units: 3rd Colonial Infantry Regiment 12th Senegalese Tirailleurs Regiment 14th Senegalese Tirailleurs Regiment 71st Reconnaissance Battalion 1st Colonial Divisionary Artillery Regiment 201st Colonial Artillery Regiment The Division was disbanded after the capitulation of the French Army in June 1940. References Colonial Infantry Division, 1st Infantry divisions of France French West Africa
Yurtderi () is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of non-tribal affiliation and had a population of 343 in 2021. References Neighbourhoods in Kızıltepe District Kurdish settlements in Mardin Province
```java package sfBugs; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; public class Bug2831873 { public static final String PROCESSLOCK_LOCK_SELECT_QUERY = "SELECT * FROM ProcessLock"; PreparedStatement foo(Connection conn) throws SQLException { PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(PROCESSLOCK_LOCK_SELECT_QUERY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE); return stmt; } } ```
World of Krypton is an American three-issue comic book limited series written by Paul Kupperberg and penciled by Howard Chaykin. It was the comics industry's first miniseries. World of Krypton was published by DC Comics from July to September 1979. Taking place in the Bronze Age era of DC Comics history, the series explores Superman's home world of Krypton. The story details his father Jor-El's life, the launch of the rocket that carried Kal-El to Earth, and the destruction of the planet. Background and creation "The Fabulous World of Krypton" had been a recurring back-up feature in Superman and other titles since the early 1970s. The feature was created by E. Nelson Bridwell and many stories were written by Cary Bates. The stories comprising World of Krypton were originally scheduled to be published in Showcase #104-106 to coincide with the premiere of the 1978 film Superman: The Movie. Those issues would have had cover-dates of September–November 1978. When the film's release date was delayed (with it eventually coming out in December 1978), the stories were rescheduled for Showcase issues #110-112 (cover dates Apr.–May 1979). In the meantime, however, the Showcase title was canceled as part of the so-called "DC Implosion". At that point, the storyline was revised and released as World of Krypton — comics' first ever limited series. Bridwell commissioned the project. Paul Kupperberg, a regular contributor to Showcase at the time of the story's conception, wrote the storyline. His brother Alan Kupperberg did uncredited layouts, upon which Chaykin expanded. Plot World of Krypton provides a great amount of detail into Krypton's history just before its destruction, along with the life story of Jor-El, the world's leading scientist, and his wife Lara Lor-Van. Superman himself appears in framing sequences, as do notable Kryptonians such as General Zod, Jax-Ur, Faora Hu-Ul, Lar Gand, and Beppo; as well as Clark Kent's adoptive parents Jonathan and Martha Kent. The individual issues were titled, "The Jor-El Story", "This Planet Is Doomed!", and "The Last Days of Krypton", respectively. Reception and legacy World of Krypton's reception was positive, leading to subsequent similar titles and later more ambitious productions such as Camelot 3000 for the direct market in 1982. World of Krypton was reprinted and translated on a number of occasions. It was republished, in part or in whole, in Superman the Comic #2 (K.G. Murray Publishing Company, 1978), The Best of DC #5 (May-June 1980), and Tor Books' World of Krypton (June 1982). It has been translated into German, French, Swedish, Norwegian, Portuguese, and Italian. DC published another World of Krypton miniseries from December 1987 to March 1988. Produced after the retcon events of Crisis on Infinite Earths, Krypton itself was the main subject of the latter The World of Krypton miniseries. Written by John Byrne and illustrated by Mike Mignola, it fills in much of Krypton's new history. Collected editions In 2018, DC published the trade paperback Superman: The Many Worlds of Krypton, which collected both World of Krypton miniseries as well as stories from Superman #233, 236, 238, 240, 248, 257, 266, and The Superman Family #182. References External links World of Krypton at Mike's Amazing World 1979 comics debuts 1979 comics endings Comics by Howard Chaykin Comics by Paul Kupperberg Defunct American comics Superman titles
Charles Downing (July 9, 1802 – January 18, 1885), was an American pomologist, horticulturist, and author. Biography Charles Downing was born in Newburgh, New York, on July 9, 1802. He began helping his father, Samuel Downing, with his nursery business when he was a teen. In 1822, his father died and Downing took over the business, later partnering with his brother, Andrew Jackson Downing, in 1835. The partnership lasted until 1839 when Charles sold his interest to start his own business. As a nurseryman, Downing was known for his cultivation skill and trustworthiness. Published in 1845, he worked with his brother to write The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. After Andrew's death in 1852, Downing edited and added new material and reissued The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. Each new edition greatly enlarged the book and it was the best publication of the kind in the United States. In 1850, he left his nursery and began to research and experiment with fruit varieties. His test orchard contained 1,800 varieties of apples and 1,000 varieties of pears. He also worked with cultivating a variety of grapes in New York state. He was regarded as one of the foremost pomologists of his day. He also wrote many articles upon horticultural subjects under the initials "C. D." His work throughout was conscientious and accurate, and he was internationally recognized as an authority upon pomology, horticulture, and tree growths. Quiet, modest, and retiring, although an active member of horticultural societies, he would never make a public speech. In 1870, Downing traveled with Marshall P. Wilder, Patrick Barry, and George Ellwanger to California and published about their journey in Tilton's Journal. The California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences printed their report in seven articles. Their report transformed the horticultural landscape through the realization of the optimal growing conditions, vast acreage, large fruits, and exotic plants of California. Death and legacy While in New York City in 1883, Downing was knocked down and run over by a horsecar. He never completely recovered from the injuries he received and died two years later on January 18, 1885. He was married to Mary Wait, daughter of Samuel Wait of Montgomery, New York. Downing bequeathed his library of books and manuscripts to the Iowa Agricultural College Horticulture Department. His drawings and descriptions of apples and other fruits became a major source for the fruit sections of the 1903 American Horticultural Manual. References Sources External links 1803 births 1885 deaths 19th-century American botanists 19th-century American journalists 19th-century American male writers American garden writers American horticulturists American male journalists Journalists from New York (state) Pomologists People from Newburgh, New York Scientists from New York (state)
Horodnytsia () is a village in Husiatyn settlement hromada, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. History The first written mention is from 1485. Religion churches: Holy Trinity (1772, brick) All Saints (built as a Roman Catholic church in 1895, restored in 1994 as a Greek Catholic church) Transfiguration (1912, restored in 1991) Notable residents Viktor Hurniak (1987–2014), Ukrainian journalist, public figure, participant of the Revolution of Dignity and the Russian-Ukrainian war References Husiatyn settlement hromada Villages in Chortkiv Raion
Sabarna Anand (1987 – 11 November 2016), also known by her stage name as Suguna, was a former Indian television, film actress and television anchor who appeared in Tamil and Malayalam cinema and television. She rose to fame with her role as Chithra in the Tamil film Poojai (2014), and made her television acting debut in Harichandanam (2010). She was known well for her appearance in shows such as Sondha Bandham (2012), Thendral (2012), Puthu Kavithai (2013), Pasamalar (2013-2016), Mayamohini (2014-2015). On 13 November 2016, Sabarna was found dead in her apartment in Maduravoyal in early morning from 7-9 am. Sabarna's neighbor called police after smelling a foul smell coming from Sabarna's apartment. When police entered Sabarna's house they found Sabarna dead and was revealed after autopsy that she actually passed away on 11 November 2016, two days prior discovery. Autopsy results also suggest and was later confirmed that Sabarna died from Suicide by cutting. Career Sabarna Anand was born in 1987 in Chennai. During her college days, Sabarna tried auditioning for a role in the Malayalam serial Harichandanam and was later accepted and played the role as Honey the serial aired on Asianet in 2010. In 2014, Sabarna made her first film debut in the film Poojai alongside actors Vishal and Shruti Haasan. She later appeared in more serials such as Sondha Bandham (2012), Thendral (2012), Puthu Kavithai (2013), Pasamalar (2013-2016), Mayamohini'' (2014-2015). Filmography Film appearance References 1987 births 2016 deaths 21st-century Indian actresses Actresses from Chennai Actresses in Tamil television Actresses in Malayalam television Actresses in Tamil cinema 2016 suicides Suicides by sharp instrument in India
Kınaköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İvrindi, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 127 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in İvrindi District
The 2015 German Darts Masters was the third of nine PDC European Tour events on the 2015 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place in the Ballhausforum, Munich, Germany, between 4–6 April 2015. It featured a field of 48 players and £115,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner. Phil Taylor was the defending champion, but he withdrew before the event started due to illness. Michael van Gerwen won his third consecutive European Tour title in 2015 by defeating John Henderson 6–5 in the final. Prize money The prize fund was increased to £115,000 after being £100,000 for the previous two years. Qualification and format The top 16 players from the PDC ProTour Order of Merit on 8 March 2015 automatically qualified for the event. The remaining 32 places went to players from three qualifying events - 20 from the UK Qualifier (held in Barnsley on 13 March), eight from the European Qualifier and four from the Host Nation Qualifier (both held at the venue before the day before the event started). Phil Taylor withdrew due to illness a day before the start of the tournament. Jamie Caven, the highest ranked UK Qualifier, was moved up to the top 16 of the PDC ProTour Order of Merit. Therefore, there was a free place for the Host Nation Qualifier. The following players took part in the tournament: Top 16 Michael van Gerwen (winner) Michael Smith (second round) James Wade (quarter-finals) Peter Wright (semi-finals) Robert Thornton (quarter-finals) Adrian Lewis (semi-finals) Brendan Dolan (quarter-finals) Ian White (second round) Vincent van der Voort (third round) Simon Whitlock (third round) Mervyn King (second round) Justin Pipe (second round) Kim Huybrechts (second round) Terry Jenkins (third round) Steve Beaton (second round) Jamie Caven (third round) UK Qualifier Ken MacNeil (first round) Mickey Mansell (second round) Andy Boulton (first round) Andrew Gilding (third round) David Pallett (second round) Daryl Gurney (first round) Darren Webster (second round) Andy Smith (second round) Wes Newton (third round) William O'Connor (quarter-finals) Dennis Smith (first round) John Henderson (runner-up) Kurt Parry (second round) Gary Stone (second round) Josh Payne (first round) Lee Palfreyman (first round) Keegan Brown (second round) Jamie Bain (third round) Jamie Lewis (second round) European Qualifier Rowby-John Rodriguez (first round) Jan Dekker (first round) Ronny Huybrechts (second round) Benito van de Pas (second round) Jeffrey de Zwaan (first round) Armin Glanzer (first round) Mensur Suljović (third round) Cristo Reyes (first round) Host Nation Qualifier Tomas Seyler (first round) Andree Welge (first round) Jyhan Artut (first round) Daniel Zygla (first round) Stefan Stoyke (first round) Draw References 2015 PDC European Tour 2015 in German sport
The flux method of crystal growth is a method where the components of the desired substance are dissolved in a solvent (flux). The method is particularly suitable for crystals needing to be free from thermal strain. It takes place in a crucible made of highly stable, non-reactive material. For production of oxide crystals, metals such as platinum, tantalum, and niobium are common. Production of metallic crystals generally uses crucibles made from ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, and boron nitride. The crucibles and their contents are often isolated from the air for reaction, either by sealing them in a quartz ampoule or by using a furnace with atmosphere control. A saturated solution is prepared by keeping the constituents of the desired crystal and the flux at a temperature slightly above the saturation temperature long enough to form a complete solution. Then the crucible is cooled in order to allow the desired material to precipitate. Crystal formation can begin by spontaneous nucleation or may be encouraged by the use of a seed. As material precipitates out of the solution, the amount of solute in the flux decreases and the temperature at which the solution is saturated lowers. This process repeats itself as the furnace continues to cool until the solution reaches its melting point or the reaction is stopped artificially. In flux method synthesis, divergent crystal growth kinetics may emerge, with a small number of crystallites growing at the expense of neighbouring ones, resulting in abnormal grain growth. One advantage of this method is that the crystals grown often display natural facets, which often makes preparing crystals for measurement significantly easier. A disadvantage is that most flux method syntheses produce relatively small crystals. However, some materials such as the "115" heavy fermion superconductors () may grow up to a few centimeters. See also Chemical vapor deposition Crystal growth Crystallography Czochralski process Epitaxy Hydrothermal synthesis Micro-pulling-down Verneuil process External links Flux Method for Preparing Crystals Growth of single crystals from metallic fluxes Flux Technique References Crystallography Methods of crystal growth fr:Cristallogénèse pt:Cristalografia sk:Kryštalizácia
Guui-dong is a dong, neighbourhood of Gwangjin-gu in Seoul, South Korea. History The name Guro-dong comes from a legend that there were nine long-lived old people here. Guro-dong is bordered by Anyangcheon and Seoul Digital Industrial Complex, adjacent to Gwangmyeong-si and Geumcheon-gu, and the outskirts of the Gyeongin Line, Gyeongbu Line, and the southern ring road and the western arterial road are adjacent to each other. In Guro 3-dong, the Guro Industrial Export Complex, which was a symbol of the chimney industry, has been transformed into a high-tech digital venture valley, and the residential environment is greatly improved due to the redevelopment of old and defective houses. In addition, it is an area where the floating population is rapidly increasing due to the adjoining of venture companies in the digital complex and Seoul subway lines 2 and 7. See also Administrative divisions of South Korea References External links Gwangjin-gu official website in English Map of Gwangjin-gu at the Gwangjin-gu official website Guui 1-dong resident office website Neighbourhoods of Gwangjin District

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