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Platycephalus endrachtensis, or the bar-tailed flathead, bar-tail flathead, flag-tail flathead, northern sand flathead, northern-flag tailed flathead, sand flathead, western estuary flathead, is a predatory fish in the family Platycephalidae. It is found from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, including in Australian and Indonesian waters up to deep over sand, at temperatures between . The maximum length of the species is , and its weight up to . A popular angling species, the specific epithet endrachtensis refers to Eendrachtsland, an early Dutch name for Australia, with the suffix -ensis, meaning "place". Venomous spines are hazardous for safe handling.
Description
Platycephalus endrachtensis has a sandy pale brown to tan colouration for camouflage. It is recognised by the black spots on its tail. The species can be differentiated from the similar P. australis from the two dark horizontal bars on the caudal fin and the yellow blotch on the middle fin, and from P. westraliae by a triangular lappet above the upper iris. It is found from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, including in Australian and Indonesian waters up to deep over sand, at temperatures between . The maximum length of the species is , and its weight up to . Unlike their relatives, they are not protandrous hermaphrodites.
Behaviour
P. endrachtensis is harmless to humans, is normally seen on the ocean floor, and if provoked, will burst from the sand quickly and settle again nearby.
Range and habitat
The species ranges in Australian waters from Hamelin Bay, Western Australia, to St Helens, Tasmania, with the type locality in Shark Bay; it spawns in the Swan River estuary from late spring to the start of autumn. It is also found in Indonesia. They can be seen drifting on sand flats.
Diet
The fish is an ambush predator, altering its skin colouring by "arranging [its] pigments within chromatophores" ( A.J. Hirst, 2014) and feeds on fish and sometimes large benthic crustaceans.
Relations to humans
The species is edible, with the advised range about , as any size bigger will cause harder and drier meat, and any smaller will contain too low levels of meat. They are protected in Australian waters, where it is illegal to keep specimens under 300mm, which males hardly reach.
The species was not generally considered to be overfished, however in 2022 it was classified as depleted in Tasmania. Concerns had been raised in 2014, leading to changes in Tasmanian size and bag limits in 2015.
References
endrachtensis
Marine fish of Australia
Fish of Indonesia
Fish described in 1825
Taxa named by Jean René Constant Quoy
Taxa named by Joseph Paul Gaimard |
Unic is a former French car manufacturer.
Unic, UNIC, or UNICS may also refer to:
UNIC Project, a project supported by the European Commission
UNICS Kazan, a professional basketball club in Russia
United Nations Information Centres
University of Nicosia
Unic, a manufacturer of espresso machines owned by Electrolux Professional
See also
Uniq
Unix |
Saiyed Zegham Murtaza an Indian columnist and blogger. He is the author of Policenama- Jahan Murde bhi Gawahi dete hain, a book published by the Rajpal and Sons. Also, he has translated the Hindi version of Gautam Bhatia's book "Offend, Shock, or Disturb: Free Speech under the Indian Constitution" for Oxford University Press. He has scripted and produced many documentaries. Also, he is the founder of a media production company APZ Media Ventures Private Limited.
Early life
He was born in the city of Amroha in the district of Moradabad (now Amroha) in Uttar Pradesh. He passed his higher secondary from Meerut Public School Meerut, did his graduation from J.S. Hindu College, Amroha, Master's Degree in Journalism from Department of Journalism, AMU, Aligarh, and LLB. from KGK College, Moradabad. He belongs to the reputed family of Sayyids of Syed Nagli. His father Saiyed Ali Zafar was a trade unionist and a social activist. His Grandfather Maulvi Murtaza Hussain was an ex-Armymen and a Freedom Fighter. One of his uncles Dr. Naseem uz Zafar Baquiri is a renowned poet.
Work
His journalistic stints include working with Rajya Sabha Television, Eenadu Television, Hindustan Times, and Asiaville News. His columns regularly appear in The Pioneer, Navjivan, National Herald, Asiaville News, Navbharat Times, Hindustan times and The Forward Press. Also, he wrote the script of several documentary films, including that of Brigadier Rajinder Singh: The Savior of Kashmir, The Guests of Destiny,Sangharsh etc. He is also an independent voice, supporting the cause of education among Muslims of India. Recently, he formed a media company, APZ Media Venture Private Limited along with Aman and Parijat.
See also
List of Indian journalists
People from Amroha district
References
Living people
Indian journalists
People from Amroha
People from Amroha district
Writers from Uttar Pradesh
Indian columnists
Indian male bloggers
Indian Muslims
Indian Muslim activists
Aligarh Muslim University alumni
1980 births |
is a TV station affiliated with Fuji News Network (FNN) and Fuji Network System (FNS) in Akita, Akita, Japan.
History
In 1967, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (currently the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) announced that it would open UHF bands for television use, and in October of the same year, it was decided that 18 UHF stations would be allowed to open, but there was no quota for the Tohoku region. The Ministry of Posts requested the then Governor of Akita Prefecture Isajiro Obata to consolidate the license applications. In the end, all parties agreed to apply for Akita UHF TV, with each applicant's contribution to the capital of the new company limited to 10%.
On October 5, 1968, Akita UHF TV held its first founders' meeting and was granted a license on November 1. On December 26 of the same year, Akita UHF TV held its general meeting and decided to call the company "AKT" and use "Akita TV" as a common name. On May 30, 1969, Akita UHF TV changed its company name to Akita Television.On September 10 of the same year, Akita TV started test broadcasts.
At 07:45am on October 1, 1969, Akita TV started broadcasting becoming the first UHF TV station in Tohoku region, and initially joined FNN on its first broadcast. On April 1, 1981, Akita TV joined ANN and became a dual affiliated station (FNN being their primary affiliate and ANN their secondary affiliate). Akita TV withdrew from ANN in 1987, which led to the opening of Akita Asahi Broadcasting in 1992.
Digital broadcasting started on October 1, 2006; analog broadcasts ended on July 24, 2011.
Technical information
Location map
Announcers
Toshifumi Takeshima
Former announcers
Yoetsu Suzuki
References
1969 establishments in Japan
Akita Northern Happinets
Akita Prefecture
Companies based in Akita Prefecture
Fuji News Network
Japanese-language television stations
Television stations in Japan
Television channels and stations established in 1969
Mass media in Akita (city) |
Ivan Frederick Boesky (born March 6, 1937) is a former American stock trader who became infamous for his prominent role in an insider trading scandal that occurred in the United States during the mid-1980s. He was charged and pled guilty to insider trading, was fined a record $100 million, served three years in prison and became an informant.
Early life and education
Boesky was born to a Jewish family in Detroit, Michigan. His family owned several delicatessens and taverns in the city. He attended the Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills before graduating from Detroit's Mumford High School. He then attended courses at Wayne State University, Eastern Michigan University and the University of Michigan. Despite lacking an undergraduate degree, he was admitted to Detroit College of Law (now Michigan State University College of Law) and graduated during 1965. In the 1980s, he served as an adjunct professor at Columbia University's Graduate School of Business and at New York University's Graduate School of Business.
Career
In 1966, Boesky and his wife relocated to New York where he worked for several stock brokerage companies, including L.F. Rothschild and Edwards & Hanly. In 1975, he initiated his own stock brokerage company, Ivan F. Boesky & Company, with $700,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) worth of start-up money from his wife's family with a business plan that speculated on corporate takeovers. Boesky's company grew from profits as well as buy-in investments from new partnerships. By 1986, Boesky had become an arbitrageur who had amassed a fortune of more than US$200 million by betting on corporate takeovers and the $136 million in proceeds from the sale of The Beverly Hills Hotel. Boesky was on the cover of Time magazine December 1, 1986.
In 1986, Boesky entered into a plea agreement with the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, agreeing to plead guilty to one count of Conspiracy to Commit Violations of the Federal Securities Laws. Boesky used inside information provided by Robert Wilkis and Ira Sokolow, two investment bankers, and purchased securities for entities Boesky was affiliated with. The inside information typically involved tender offers, mergers or other possible business combinations, for companies such as Nabisco Brands, Inc., R.J. Reynolds, and Houston Natural Gas Corp.
Although insider trading of this kind was illegal, laws prohibiting it were rarely enforced until Boesky was prosecuted. Boesky cooperated with the SEC and informed on others, including the case against financier Michael Milken. As a result of a plea bargain, Boesky received a prison sentence of years and was fined US$100 million. Although he was released after two years, he was permanently prohibited from working with securities. He served his sentence at Lompoc Federal Prison Camp near Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
Boesky, unable to rehabilitate his reputation after being released from prison, paid hundreds of millions of dollars as fines and compensation for his Guinness share-trading fraud role and a number of separate insider-dealing scams. Later, Boesky began practicing Judaism and attended classes at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America where he had been a major donor; however, during 1987, after the fallout from his financial scandal, The New York Times reported that "after Ivan F. Boesky had been fined $100 million in the insider-trading scandal, the Jewish Theological Seminary, acting at his request, took his name off its $20 million library."
Personal life
During 1962, he married Seema Silberstein, the daughter of a Detroit real estate magnate whose holdings included The Beverly Hills Hotel in California. After his father-in-law's death, Boesky and Seema won a court battle with her sister and brother-in-law over the hotel's ownership.
In 1991, he divorced his wife and she agreed to pay him $23 million and $180,000 a year for life. They have four children. His daughter Marianne is an art dealer. His second wife is Ana Boesky and they have a child. They live in La Jolla, California.
In popular culture
The character of Gordon Gekko in the movie Wall Street (1987) is based at least in part on Boesky, in particular a commencement speech he delivered in May 1986 at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley, in which he stated, "I think greed is healthy. You can be greedy and still feel good about yourself".
Boesky was featured in a CNBC documentary entitled the Empires of New York.
"
References
External links
Taking America: How We Got from the First Hostile Takeover to Megamergers, Corporate Raiding, and Scandal, by Jeff Madrick, Beard Books, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
1937 births
1986 crimes in the United States
American businesspeople convicted of crimes
American financial businesspeople
American hoteliers
20th-century American Jews
American people convicted of fraud
American white-collar criminals
Businesspeople from Detroit
Corporate raiders
Cranbrook Educational Community alumni
Detroit College of Law alumni
Living people
People convicted of insider trading
Stock and commodity market managers
Mumford High School alumni
Columbia Business School faculty
New York University faculty
21st-century American Jews |
Shakera Kiella Valena Reece, (born 31 August 1988) is a Barbadian sprinter, who won a bronze medal at the 2011 Pan American Games.
Reece competed for Rice University. At Rice, Reece competed in sprinting events, such as the 100 meter dash and 200 meter dash. She ran 11.34 in the 100 meter dash in 2007 in Turks & Caicos to place first at the 2007 CARIFTA Games Under-20 championships.
References
External links
Rice University profile
World Athletics
1988 births
Living people
Barbadian female sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 2007 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2011 Pan American Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Barbados
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Barbados
Rice Owls women's track and field athletes
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games |
is a town located in Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.
As of March 31, 2017, the town has an estimated population of 1,585 and a density of 2.7 persons per km2. The total area is 594.87 km2. The population is decreasing and now may be around 1,300.
Nakagawa is known for ammonite and fossils. It's local specialties include sausage and hand-made wood products.
Climate
Culture
Mascot
Nakagawa's mascot is . He is a shape-shaping leaf who lives in a green town since the town's ancient times. He was discovered in September 2012.
Nakagawa has another mascot, a dinosaur that is featured on the town's country sign.
The town is also home to the Eco Museum Center, which features fossils found in the area.
References
External links
Eco Museum Center https://city.hokkai.or.jp/~kubinaga/
Official Website
Towns in Hokkaido |
Camlin may refer to:
Camlin Hotel, in Seattle, Washington
River Camlin, Irish river
Camlin, County Antrim, a townland and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Kokuyo Camlin, an Indian stationery company |
Hyderabad City Police is the local law enforcement agency for the city of Hyderabad, Telangana and is headed by the Commissioner of Police. The city police traces its origins to 1847 under Hyderabad State.
History
1847–1948
The Nizam of Hyderabad used to appoint the commissioners of police who were officers of the Hyderabad Civil Service and they used to function during his pleasure. They were answerable to the Nizam directly on various matters of policing in Hyderabad city. However, as far as administrative matters were concerned the commissioner of police used to correspond with the Home Department directly. The commissioner of police was popularly called "Kotwal" and was responsible for the maintenance of the law and order, prevention and detection of crime, etc.
Reorganization
Due to rapid increase in population, there has been a steady increase in crime. In view of the above in 1981 the city police was re-organised, vide G.O.Ms.No.341, Home Department, dated: 1981-05-30. The following structure was instituted:
The disciplinary and administrative control of the force is held by the Commissioner of Police, having powers and functions of additional district magistrate.
The city was divided into five zones: south, east, west, central and north, the four zones were again divided into 12 divisions. Each zone is in the charge of a deputy commissioner of police of the rank of a superintendent of police for maintenance of law and order, criminal investigation and keeping up the morale of the force.
Each division is under the care of an assistant commissioner of police of the rank of deputy superintendent of police, who works under the control of deputy commissioner of police. He is responsible for prevention and detection of crimes, maintenance of law and order and discipline of the force.
Each police station is under the care of an inspector of police who is the station house officer and performs all the duties and exercises all the powers of that office.
The city crimes station was renamed as "Detective Department" which works under the deputy commissioner of police, assisted by assistant commissioners of police and inspectors.
In 1992, the Government of Andhra Pradesh sanctioned three joint commissioners of police posts in the rank of deputy inspector general to assist the commissioner of police for effective functioning and better administration of city police each in-charge of co-ordination, crimes and security.
One sub-inspector of police was to be placed in charge of law and order duties and another for crime duties for each police station. A divisional detective inspector for each division was provided for. In order to achieve this functional division it was proposed in the scheme to increases the number of posts of sub-inspectors and head constables and decrease the number of posts of police constables.plus in the corona time the police doing very good and in 2020 rainy season they were protecting still in heavy rain go police
In 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split into two. Hyderabad became a part of Telangana.
Hierarchy
Commissioner of Police (CP)(ADGP Rank)
Additional Commissioner of Police (Addl.CP)(IG Rank)
Joint Commissioner of Police (Jt.CP)(DIG Rank)
Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) (SP Rank)
Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (Addl.DCP)(Addl.SP Rank)
Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)(ASP/DSP Rank)
Inspector of Police/Circle Inspector (CI)
Sub-Inspector of Police (SI)
Assistant Sub Inspector of Police (ASI)
Head Constable (HC)
Police Constable (PC)
Current structure of Law and order Police Stations
Currently the Hyderabad City Police has five zones.
Central Zone
1)Abids Division : PS Abids, PS Narayanguda, PS Begumbazar
2)Chikkadpally Division : PS Gandhinagar, PS Musheerabad, PS Chikkadpally
3)Saifabad Division : PS Nampally, PS Ramgopalpet, PS Saifabad
West Zone
1)Banjara hills Division: PS Banjara hills, PS Jubilee hills
2)Panjagutta Division:PS Panjagutta, PS SR Nagar
3)Asifnagar Division: PS Lunger House,PS Golconda, PS Tappachabutra, PS Asifnagar, PS Humayunnagar
North Zone
1)Mahankali Division: PS Mahankali, PS Market, PS Marredupally, PS Karkhana
2)Gopalpuram Division: PS Gopalapuram, PS Tukaramgate, PS Lalaguda, PS Chilakalguda
3)Begumpet Division: PS Begumpet, PS Bowenpally, PS Bollaram, PS Trimulgherry
South Zone
1)Charminar Division: PS Charminar, PS Bahadurpura, PS Kamatipura, PS Hussaini Alam, PS Kalapattar
2)Mirchowk Division: PS Mirchowk, PS Dabeerpura, PS Moghalpura, PS Rein Bazar
3)Falaknuma Division: PS Falaknuma, PS Chandrayangutta,PS Shalibanda, PS Chatrinaka
4)Santosh nagar Division: PS Kanchanbagah, PS Bhavani Nagar, PS Madannapet, PS Santoshnagar
East Zone
1)Sultanbazaar Division: PS Sultanbazaar, PS Charderghat, PS Afzalgunj
2)Kachiguda Division: PS Kachiguda, PS Nallakunta, PS OU Sity
3)Malakpet Division: PS Malakpet, PS Saidabad, PS Amberpet
Women Police Stations
WPS CCS
WPS Begumpet
WPS South zone
Traffic Police Stations
Abid Traffic Police Station
Asif Nagar Traffic Police Station
Bahadurpura Traffic Police Station
Banjara Hills Traffic Police Station
Begumpet Traffic Police Station
Charminar Traffic Police Station
hikkadpally Traffic Police Station
Falaknuma Traffic Police Station
Gopalpuram Traffic Police StatioN
Goshamahal Traffic Police Station
Jubilee Hills Traffic Police Station
Kachiguda Traffic Police Station
Malakpet Traffic Police Station
Marredpally Traffic Police Station
Mahankali Traffic Police Station
Mirchowk Traffic Police Station
Nallakunta Traffic Police Station
Nampally Traffic Police Station
Narayanguda Traffic Police Station
Panjagutta Traffic Police Station
Saifabad Traffic Police Station
SR. Nagar Traffic Police Station
Sultan Bazar Traffic Police Station
Trimulgherry Traffic Police Station
Tolichowki Traffic Police Station
Insignia of Hyderabad Police (City Police)
Gazetted Officers
Non-gazetted officers
Online presence
Hyderabad Police launched Facebook pages for the police stations in Hyderabad on 16 December 2014. The pages can be used by the general public to report grievances.
Special agencies
Intelligence Unit
Commando Force
Security Battalion
See also
Telangana Police
Nizamabad Police
Cyberabad Police
Rachakonda police
Notes
References
Telangana Police
Metropolitan law enforcement agencies of India
Government of Hyderabad, India
1847 establishments in India
Government agencies established in 1847 |
Ernesto de Figueiredo Cordeiro (born 6 July 1937) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a striker.
Club career
Born in Tomar, Santarém District, Figueiredo arrived at Sporting CP in summer 1960 from amateurs União Desportiva e Recreativa de Cernache, aged already 23. He scored 17 goals in only 24 games in his first season with his new team, good enough for Primeira Liga runner-up accolades.
At the end of the 1965–66 campaign, Figueiredo finished joint-top scorer alongside S.L. Benfica's Eusébio – both at 25 goals – but his team won the league by one point. He netted 147 times in 232 competitive appearances during his tenure; additionally, in the 1963–64 edition of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, he featured in the final against MTK Budapest FC, won after a replay and with the player scoring twice in the first match (3–3 draw).
Nicknamed Altafini of Cernache while at the Estádio José Alvalade, Figueiredo retired in 1970 after two years with Vitória de Setúbal also in the top division, aged 33.
International career
Figueiredo earned six caps for Portugal, making his debut on 21 June 1966 in a friendly with Denmark. He was selected by manager Otto Glória for his 1966 FIFA World Cup squad, being an unused member for the third-placed team.
Honours
Sporting CP
Primeira Liga: 1961–62, 1965–66
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1963–64
Portugal
FIFA World Cup third place: 1966
References
External links
1937 births
Living people
People from Tomar
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Santarém District
Men's association football forwards
Primeira Liga players
U.F.C.I. Tomar players
Sporting CP footballers
Vitória F.C. players
Portugal men's international footballers
1966 FIFA World Cup players |
Catherine Duddy Wood (born November 26, 1955) is an American investor and founder, CEO and CIO of ARK Invest, an investment management firm.
Early life and education
Wood was born in Los Angeles, the eldest child of immigrants from Ireland. Wood's father served in the Irish Army and the United States Air Force as a radar systems engineer. In 1974, Wood graduated from Notre Dame Academy in Los Angeles, an all-girls Catholic high school. In 1981, Wood graduated summa cum laude from the University of Southern California, with a Bachelor of Science degree in finance and economics. One of Wood's professors was economist Arthur Laffer, advisor to Presidents Reagan and Trump, who became Wood's mentor.
Career
In 1977, via her mentor Arthur Laffer, Wood got a job as an assistant economist at Capital Group, where she worked for three years. In 1980, she moved to New York City to take a job at Jennison Associates as chief economist, analyst, portfolio manager and managing director. She worked there for 18 years. In the early 1980s, she debated Henry Kaufman on why she believed interest rates had peaked.
In 1998, along with Lulu C. Wang, Wood co-founded Tupelo Capital Management, a hedge fund based in New York City.
In 2001, she joined AllianceBernstein as chief investment officer of global thematic strategies, where she worked for 12 years, managing $5 billion. She was criticized for performing worse than the overall market during the 2007–2008 financial crisis.
In 2014, after her idea for actively managed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) based on disruptive innovation was deemed too risky by AllianceBernstein, Wood left the company and founded ARK Invest. The company is named after the Ark of the Covenant; Wood was reading the One-Year Bible at the time. ARK's first four ETFs were seeded with capital from Bill Hwang of Archegos Capital.
Wood was named the best stock picker of 2020 by Bloomberg News editor-in-chief emeritus Matthew A. Winkler.
However, her flagship ARK Innovation fund fell 24% in 2021 and, in the first quarter of 2022, it was the worst performer among equity funds covered by Morningstar, Inc. In early 2022, eight other funds managed by Wood, including funds focused on financial technology and space exploration were among the worst performers in their categories.
Awards and honors
Wood was selected for the inaugural 2021 Forbes 50 Over 50; made up of entrepreneurs, leaders, scientists, and creators who are over the age of 50.
Personal life
Wood lives in Wilton, Connecticut. She was divorced from Robert Wood, who died in 2018. She has three children.
Wood is a devout Christian. During the 2020 election, she warned that Joe Biden's plan of taxation and regulation would stifle innovation.
In 2018, she donated funds to her high school to start the Duddy Innovation Institute, which encourages girls to study disruptive innovation.
References
1955 births
Living people
University of Southern California alumni
American money managers
American women chief executives
Chief investment officers
American people of Irish descent
Catholics from California
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesswomen
People associated with cryptocurrency
People associated with Bitcoin |
Shahan Dasht (, also Romanized as Shāhān Dasht or Shahandasht), locally known as Shoon Dasht (), is a village in Bala Larijan Rural District, Larijan District, Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 9 families. During the summer, the population increases, since many city dwellers from Amol stay in Shahandasht as their summer residence.
The Shahan Dasht waterfall is a natural attraction of the province. The Malek Bahman castle is also a historical castle attracting visitors in the village.
The Persian name Shahan Dasht is composed of the word shah (), meaning king , the plural suffix -an () , and the word dasht (), meaning field , and hence it literally translates as "field of the kings" in Persian.
Shahandasht village is a 3,500-year-old village and a historical and scenic village located in the north of Iran in the city of Amol. This village, with 4 registered national monuments in “Iran National Monuments”, is one of the ecotourism villages and one of the most spectacular and historical villages in Iran.
Mosque (Tekiyeh/ local dialect) of Shahandasht
It belongs to the Qajar period and is located in Amol city, Larijan district, Shahandasht village and this monoument was registered as one of the national monuments of Iran on August 28, 2003 with the registration number 9354.
Shahandasht waterfall
It is the largest waterfall in Mazandaran province. It is one of the national monuments of the country in the list of “Iran National Monuments”. This waterfall, permanent and huge, shows itself in a magnificent and indescribable way on the south side of Haraz road and river. Which falls down from Malek Bahman Castle on a pyramidal mountain overlooking Shahandasht village. In the heights overlooking Shahandasht village, Shahandasht main waterfall with a height of 51 meters is the largest waterfall in Mazandaran province. This waterfall has three waterfalls which the total height of them are 180 meters. At the top of Shahandasht waterfall is Malek Bahman Castle, which is known as Queen Qala Castle or Malek Bahman and its historical name is Fereshteh (queen in Persian) Castle, it is one of the largest mountain castles in Alborz mountain, Iran, which is made of stone and a kind of soil that is a mixture of milk and eggs. It is a kind of soil which has a great strength that dates back to three thousand years ago.
Si tower (30 in Persian)
It belongs to pre-Islamic times and it is located in the village of Shahandasht, Amol city, Larijan district, and this monoument was registered on August 28, 2003 with the registration number 9356 as one of the national monuments of Iran.
Malek Bahman Castle
Malek Bahman Or Malek Qala castle belongs to pre-Islamic times and it is located in the village of Shahandasht, Amol city, Larijan district, and this monoument was registered as one of the national monuments of Iran on August 10, 2000 with the registration number 2778. This castle is one of the greatest castles of Alborz and Iran which is located in Haraz road, Larijan section of Amol city and overlooking Shahandasht village, 75 km south of Amol. This castle belongs to the rulers of Padusbanian who ruled Royan, Noor, Kojoor and Rostamdaa. The castle was built on a rock about 220 meters above the lands of Shahandasht from the remains of large and small stones and gypsum mortar in stages, which includes rooms and different parts of the building. This castle was conquered by order of Shah Abbas Safavid in 1626.
Elias Tangeh Cave
Elias Tangeh Cave is located in 85 km northeast of Tehran, 75 km south of Amol city in Shahandasht village. The use of the name As Tangeh Cave is common among the people of the region. The cave is located on the southwestern slope of Elias Tangeh valley. There is a dirt road of livestock crossing about 2 km in the distance between Shahandasht village To the entrance of the cave.
Other attractions are Kabutar Keli cave, Shona plain, Takhtesangi (slate), historical and mud houses as well as the three-arched (setaq) crypts, Imamzadeh Elias, Cheshmeh Khozak and Tekiye Shahandasht (mosque). During the previous years, many stone inscriptions with Kufic script appeared in this village. This village is a small part of Amard and Amol thousand years old antiquity.
Souvenirs of this village are cherries, sour cherries, apples, walnuts, raspberries, blackberries, pears, apricots due to its mountainous nature. Of course, mountain bread and the special bread for the people of Mazandaran are also given to tourists in this village. This village is 1500 meters above the sea level. Alleys, springs and gardens of Shahandasht are also beautiful and spectacular and there have hospitable people.
References
Populated places in Amol County
Tourist attractions in Amol |
The 2011 Austrian Figure Skating Championships () took place between 17 and 19 December 2010 at the Sportwelt NÖ, Eissporthalle in Sankt Pölten. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior level. The results were used to choose the Austrian teams to the 2011 World Championships and the 2011 European Championships.
Senior results
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
External links
2011 Austrian Championships results
2011
2011 in figure skating
2010 in figure skating
Figure Skating Championships,2011
Figure Skating Championships,2011 |
Sandrine Kiberlain (born Sandrine Kiberlajn; 25 February 1968) is a French actress and singer. Her most notable roles were in the films The Patriots (1994), A Self Made Hero (1996), For Sale (1998), Alias Betty (2001), Mademoiselle Chambon (2009), 9 Month Stretch (2013), and Number One Fan (2014). Kiberlain has appeared in over sixty films and won two César Awards from eight nominations.
In 2021, she made her directorial debut with the drama film A Radiant Girl.
Career
Kiberlain attended Cours Florent 1987–1989 and French National Academy of Dramatic Arts 1989–1992.
Kiberlain received the Prix Romy Schneider in 1995. In addition to her acting career, she also has recorded an album (Manquait plus qu'ça, released in 2005), which was well received in France. Her second album Coupés bien net et bien carré was released in October 2007. She is president of the jury of the Deauville American Film Festival 2018.
In February 2020, she presided over the 45th César ceremony.
Personal life
Kiberlain married actor Vincent Lindon in 1998, with whom she has a daughter, Suzanne, born in 2000. The couple met in 1993 on the set of the film L'Irrésolu (1994). They separated in 2003.
On March 5, 2015, Kiberlain appeared on the cover of Paris Match, with Édouard Baer.
Philanthropy
Kiberlain has been a member of the Les Enfoirés charity ensemble since 1997.
Filmography
Discography
Albums
Manquait plus qu'ça (2005)
Coupés bien net et bien carré (2007)
Singles
As main artist
La Chanteuse (2007)
As featured artist
Vole (2016) (charity single with Carla Bruni, Nolwenn Leroy, Laurent Voulzy...)
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
Jewish French actresses
French film actresses
French television actresses
French people of Polish-Jewish descent
Actors from Boulogne-Billancourt
Musicians from Boulogne-Billancourt
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
Cours Florent alumni
20th-century French actresses
21st-century French actresses
French women singers
Best Actress César Award winners
Most Promising Actress César Award winners |
The green-crowned plovercrest, also black-breasted plovercrest or simply plovercrest, (Stephanoxis lalandi) is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Brazil.
Taxonomy and systematics
The green-crowned plovercrest and purple-crowned plovercrest (Stephanoxis loddigesii) were originally treated as separate species but in the mid-1900s were combined under the name "plovercrest" with the binomial S. lalandi. A study published in 2014 provided evidence that the original two-species treatment was correct. Taxonomists worldwide agreed and the two taxa were restored to species status. They are the only members of the genus and are monotypic.
Description
The green-crowned plovercrest is long. Males weigh and females about . Both sexes have a short, straight, black bill. Adult males have a shaggy, mostly iridescent green, crest whose longest feather is purplish black. Their face is gray with a white spot behind the eye. Their upperparts are shining bronze-green. Their chin to upper belly is violet-blue and the rest of the underparts are gray. Their central tail feathers are green and the rest green with a blackish band near the end and grayish white tips. Adult females and juveniles have a smaller crest. Their upperparts are shining green and their underparts gray.
Distribution and habitat
The green-crowned plovercrest is found in the eastern Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. It inhabits the understory of forest, scrublands, and vegetation along watercourses. In elevation it mostly ranges between sea level and about but has been found as high as .
Behavior
Movement
The green-crowned plovercrest is mostly sedentary, though it might make some seasonal movements.
Feeding
The green-crowned plovercrest forages for nectar from near the ground to the canopy, utilizing both native and introduced flowering species. Males defend feeding territories duing the breeding season. In addition to nectar, the species feeds on insects caught in flight or gleaned from leaves.
Breeding
The green-crowned plovercrest's breeding season spans from October to March. Males usually gather at leks to court females, but single birds also display. Females make a cup nest of soft plant and seed fibers bound with spiderweb. It is typically placed on a forked branch in vegetation at about above the ground. Females incubate the clutch of two eggs for 14 to 16 days and fledging occurs 24 to 28 days after hatch.
Vocalization
The male green-crowned plovercrest's song is "a long series of a repeated modulated note, 'tsi-ling...tsi-ling...tsi-ling...'", which typically starts with "a high-pitched 'tsee'."
Status
The IUCN has assessed the green-crowned plovercrest as being of Least Concern, though its population size and trend are unknown. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered patchily distributed and locally common. It occurs in three national parks and " [r]eadily takes to man-made habitats such as farmland" as long as patches of scrub or forest remain.
References
green-crowned plovercrest
Birds of Brazil
Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Endemic birds of Brazil
green-crowned plovercrest
Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Banania is a popular chocolate drink found most widely distributed in France. It is made from cocoa, banana flour, cereals, honey and sugar. There are two types of Banania available in French supermarkets: 'traditional' which must be cooked with milk for 10 minutes, and 'instant' which can be prepared in similar fashion to Nesquik.
History
During a visit near Lake Managua, Nicaragua in 1909, the journalist Pierre Lardet discovered the recipe for a cocoa-based drink. When he returned to Paris, he started its commercial fabrication and, in 1912, began marketing Banania with the picture of an Antillaise.
At the outset of World War I, the popularity of the colonial troops at the time led to the replacement of the West Indian in 1915, by the now more familiar jolly Senegalese infantry man enjoying Banania. Pierre Lardet took it upon himself to distribute the product to the Army, using the line pour nos soldats la nourriture abondante qui se conserve sous le moindre volume possible ("for our soldiers: abundant nourishment that stores while taking up the least space possible").
The brand's yellow background underlines the banana ingredient, and the Senagalese infantryman's red and blue uniform make up the other two main colours. The slogan Y'a bon ("It's good") derives from the pidgin French supposedly used by these soldiers (it is, in fact, an invention).
The form of the character has since evolved to more of a cartoon character. However, the original advertising has become a cultural icon in France. Posters and reproduction tin-plate signs of the pre-war advertising continue to be sold.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, Banania sponsored the Yellow Jersey of the Tour de France. In France the Banania brand is now owned by the newly founded French company Nutrial, which acquired it from Unilever in 2003.
Marketing
This brand of chocolate drink is recognized by its trademark the 'bonhomme Banania': a black man wearing a fez. The company started using this illustration in 1915.
Controversy
Some feel that the advertising slogans and images are racist and colonialist as it reinforces the cliché of a friendly yet stupid African. Some French black people connect this stereotype with aggressive colonialist policy in Africa of the global group Unilever, the former owner of the brand. The Martiniquan psychiatrist and philosopher Frantz Fanon, in his 1952 book Black Skin, White Masks, mentions the grinning Senegalese tirailleur as an example of how in a burgeoning consumer culture, the black subject appears not only as an object, but as "an object in the midst of other objects".
See also
Aunt Jemima
Uncle Ben's
List of chocolate beverages
References
External links
Banania commercial (in French)
Drink brands
French brands
Chocolate drinks |
Cornusaccula periopa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Madagascar.
References
Archipini
Moths described in 1960
Moths of Madagascar
Taxa named by Alexey Diakonoff |
Nicole Hudson (born November 11, 1990) is an American softball player. She grew up in Webb City, Missouri, where her father owned a pizzeria, and attended Webb City High School, where she played softball and basketball. She later attended the University of Missouri, where she played third base and pitcher on the Missouri Tigers softball team. During her freshman season in 2010, Hudson led the Tigers to the 2010 Women's College World Series first round, where they fell to Florida, 5–0. During her sophomore season in 2011, Hudson led the Tigers to the 2011 Women's College World Series second round, where they fell to Baylor, 1–0.
References
External links
Missouri bio
Wichita State bio
USA Softball Bio
1990 births
Softball players from Missouri
Living people
People from Webb City, Missouri
Missouri Tigers softball players
Wichita State Shockers softball coaches |
Chanel College, Masterton is a Catholic secondary school situated in Masterton, New Zealand. The school is named after St Peter Chanel, who was a French Marist priest killed on the Pacific island of Futuna in 1841. The school was established in 1978. It resulted from the amalgamation of two schools, St Joseph's College for Boys (founded in 1945) operated by the Marist Brothers and St Bride's College for Girls which had been established in 1898 by the Brigidine Sisters. The College, which is located on the old St Joseph's College site, became an Integrated School in November 1981. It is owned by the Wellington Archdiocese with the Archbishop of Wellington being named as its proprietor in the college's integration agreement with the New Zealand Government.
Alumni/ae
Ex-pupils of Chanel College or its predecessor schools, St Bride's College and St Joseph's College.
Barry Barclay, MNZM (1944–2008), Māori filmmaker and writer (Ngati Apa)
Phillipa "Pip" Brown (born 1979), singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist (known as Ladyhawke)
John Atcherley Cardinal Dew (born 1948), 6th Archbishop of Wellington (2005–present)
Marty Berry (born 1966), All Black in 1986 and 1993
Kieran McAnulty (born 1985), New Zealand Labour Party MP
Patrick Edward O'Connor (1932–2014), Monsignor; Catholic priest; Ecclesiastical Superior of the Roman Catholic Mission Sui Iuris of Tokelau (1992–2011)
Liz Perry (born 1987), New Zealand cricketer and international hockey player
Paul Quinn (born 1951) - businessman, former rugby union player and Member of Parliament for the National Party
Notes
Sources
Claire Hills (ed), The story of Catholic education in the Wairarapa: 50th Jubilee, 25–27 August 1995: St. Joseph's College, Chanel College, St. Joseph's Golden Jubilee Committee, Masterton, New Zealand 1995.
Helena M Fouhy, One love, many faces : Brigidines in New Zealand, 1898–1998, Congregation of St Brigid, Masterton 1998.
Pat Gallagher, The Marist Brothers in New Zealand Fiji & Samoa 1876–1976, New Zealand Marist Brothers' Trust Board, Tuakau, 1976.
Michael King, God's farthest outpost : a history of Catholics in New Zealand, Viking, Auckland 1997.
Michael O'Meeghan S.M., Steadfast in hope : the story of the Catholic Archdiocese of Wellington 1850–2000, Dunmore press, Palmerston North, 2003.
Educational institutions established in 1978
Catholic secondary schools in the Wellington Region
Masterton
Schools in the Wairarapa
1978 establishments in New Zealand |
High Heat may refer to
High Heat (novel) (2003), American young adult novel
High Heat (2014 TV show), a sports-themed talk show on MLB Network
High Heat (TV series) (2022), Mexican drama streaming series
High Heat (film) (2023), American action film
See also
High Heat Major League Baseball (1998-2003), baseball video game series |
Lo Russo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
The Lo Russo clan, a Neapolitan Camorra clan
Salvatore Lo Russo (born 1953), member of the Camorra
Michele Lo Russo (1947–1983), Italian footballer
See also
Lorusso
Italian-language surnames |
The forest wood hoopoe (Phoeniculus castaneiceps) is a species of bird in the family Phoeniculidae. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Uganda.
References
forest wood hoopoe
Birds of the African tropical rainforest
forest wood hoopoe
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
"A Call for Unity" was an open letter published in Birmingham, Alabama, on April 12, 1963, by eight local white clergymen in response to civil rights demonstrations taking place in the area at the time. In the letter, they took issue with events "directed and led in part by outsiders," and they urged activists to engage in local negotiations and to use the courts if rights were being denied, rather than to protest.
The term "outsider" was a thinly-veiled reference to Martin Luther King Jr., who replied four days later, with his famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail." He argued that direct action was necessary to protest unjust laws.
The authors of "A Call for Unity" had written "An Appeal for Law and Order and Common Sense" in January 1963.
Signatories
C. C. J. Carpenter, D.D., LL.D., Bishop, Episcopal Diocese of Alabama
Joseph Aloysius Durick, D.D., Auxiliary Bishop, Catholic Diocese of Mobile, Birmingham
Milton L. Grafman, Rabbi of Temple Emanu-El, Birmingham, Alabama
Paul Hardin, Bishop of the Alabama-West Florida Conference of the Methodist Church
Nolan Bailey Harmon, Bishop of the North Alabama Conference of the Methodist Church
George M. Murray, D.D., LL.D., Bishop Coadjutor, Episcopal Diocese of Alabama
Edward V. Ramage, Moderator, Synod of the Alabama Presbyterian Church in the United States
Earl Stallings, Pastor, First Baptist Church, Birmingham, Alabama
References
Further reading
Bass, S. Jonathan (2001). Blessed Are the Peacemakers: Martin Luther King, Jr., Eight White Religious Leaders, and the "Letter from Birmingham Jail". Baton Rouge: LSU Press. .
External links
"Letter from Birmingham Jail" as PDF and audio version
History of Alabama
United States documents
1963 documents
Open letters
1963 in Alabama |
Offseason
November 1, 1934: Dick Bartell was traded by the Phillies to the New York Giants for Johnny Vergez, Pretzel Pezzullo, Blondy Ryan, George Watkins and cash.
Regular season
On July 27, 1935, José "Chile" Gómez made his major league debut with the Phillies and became the team's first Latin-born player.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Farm system
Notes
References
1935 Philadelphia Phillies season at Baseball Reference
Philadelphia Phillies seasons
Philadelphia Phillies season
Philadelphia Phillies |
Pseudanisentomon is a genus of proturans in the family Eosentomidae. It was described by Zhang and Yin in 1984.
Species
Pseudanisentomon babai (Imadaté, 1964)
Pseudanisentomon cangshanense Imadaté, Yin & Xie, 1995
Pseudanisentomon dolichempodium (Yin & Zhang, 1982)
Pseudanisentomon guangxinicum (Yin & Zhang, 1982)
Pseudanisentomon huichouense Zhang & Yin, 1984
Pseudanisentomon ishii Nakamura, 1996
Pseudanisentomon jiangxiensis Yin, 1987
Pseudanisentomon meihwa (Yin, 1965)
Pseudanisentomon minystigmum (Yin, 1979)
Pseudanisentomon molykos Zhang & Yin, 1984
Pseudanisentomon paurophthalmum Zhang & Yin, 1984
Pseudanisentomon pedanempodium (Zhang & Yin, 1981)
Pseudanisentomon sheshanensis (Yin, 1965)
Pseudanisentomon sininotiale Zhang & Yin, 1984
Pseudanisentomon songkiangense Yin, 1977
Pseudanisentomon trilinum (Zhang & Yin, 1981)
Pseudanisentomon wanense Zhang, 1987
Pseudanisentomon yaoshanense Zhang & Yin, 1984
Pseudanisentomon yongxingense Yin, 1988
References
Protura |
Northome is an unorganized territory in Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The term "unorganized territory" is used by the United States Census Bureau to designate a portion of a county that is not included in any legally established minor civil division for the purpose of presenting statistical data. The population was 496 at the 2000 census.
The name is derived from the city of Northome, which along with the city of Mizpah are the only municipalities within the geographical extent of the territory. The area encompassed by the statistical entity covers the southwestern corner of Koochiching County, with the exception of the two cities.
The territory had included several former townships, such as Bridgie, Engelwood, Forest Grove, and Wildwood, all of which were dissolved in 1950. In Koochiching County, township rights and responsibilities were assumed by the county.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the unorganized territory has a total area of 297.3 square miles (770.0 km2), of which 296.0 square miles (766.6 km2) is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2) (0.44%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 496 people, 192 households, and 143 families residing in the unorganized territory. The population density was . There were 336 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the unorganized territory was 95.97% White, 3.43% Native American and 0.60% Pacific Islander. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.
There were 192 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.1% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the unorganized territory the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.
The median income for a household in the unorganized territory was $26,696, and the median income for a family was $34,583. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the unorganized territory was $13,182. About 14.3% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.7% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Map of the Northome (UT) from the U.S. Census Bureau
2000 Census of Minnesota, see p.F-6: American Indian Areas, Counties, County Subdivisions, and Places - Section 3
Populated places in Koochiching County, Minnesota
Unorganized territories in Minnesota |
```objective-c
*
* This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
* warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
* arising from the use of this software.
*
* Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
* including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
* freely, subject to the following restrictions:
*
* 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
* claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
* in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
* appreciated but is not required.
*
* 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
* misrepresented as being the original software.
*
* 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
*/
#ifndef __dgSMALLDETERMINANT__
#define __dgSMALLDETERMINANT__
#include "dgTypes.h"
class dgGoogol;
double Determinant2x2 (const double matrix[2][2], double* const error);
double Determinant3x3 (const double matrix[3][3], double* const error);
double Determinant4x4 (const double matrix[4][4], double* const error);
dgGoogol Determinant2x2 (const dgGoogol matrix[2][2]);
dgGoogol Determinant3x3 (const dgGoogol matrix[3][3]);
dgGoogol Determinant4x4 (const dgGoogol matrix[4][4]);
#endif
``` |
This is a list of cities and towns in the South Island of New Zealand:
A
Akaroa
Albert Town
Albury
Alexandra
Amberley
Anakiwa
Appleby
Arthur's Pass
Arrowtown
Ashburton
Ashburton Forks
Athol
Aylesbury
B
Balclutha
Balfour
Beaumont
Belfast
Birdlings Flat
Blackball
Blenheim
Bluff
Brighton
Brightwater
Bronte
Browns
Brunner
Bulwer
Burnham
C
Cable Bay
Canvastown
Cashmere
Cass
Cave
Charleston
Cheviot
Christchurch
Clarence
Clarksville
Coalgate
Colac Bay
Collingwood
Cromwell
Crushington
Culverden
D
Dacre
Darfield
Denniston
Diamond Harbour
Dipton
Dobson
Dodson Valley
Douglas
Doyleston
Drummond
Dunedin
Dunsandel
Duntroon
E
Ealing
Edendale
Eiffelton
Eyreton
F
Fairhall
Fairlie
Fortrose
Frankton
Franz Josef / Waiau
G
Geraldine
Glenavy
Glencoe
Glenduan
Glenorchy
Glentunnel
Gore
Granity
Greendale
Greymouth
Grove Bush
Grovetown
H
Haast
Hakataramea
Hampden
Hanmer Springs
Hardwicke
Harihari
Havelock
Hawarden
Lake Hāwea
Hawksbury
Hedgehope
Henley
Herbert
Hinds
Hira, New Zealand
Hokitika
Hope
Hornby
Hundalee
Hyde
I
Inangahua Junction
Inchbonnie
Invercargill
J
Jack's Bay
K
Kaiapoi
Kaikōura
Kaitangata
Kaiteriteri
Kaka Point
Kakanui
Karamea
Karitane
Kennington
Kingston
Kirwee
Koromiko
Kumara
Kurow
L
Lake Tekapo
Lawrence
Leeston
Leithfield
Lincoln
Linkwater
Little River
Longbeach, Canterbury
Long Beach, Otago
Longbush
Lowcliffe
Lumsden
Lynnford
Lyttelton
M
Mabel Bush
Macandrew Bay
Maclennan
Makarora
Makarewa
Manapouri
Māpua
Mārahau
Mataura
Maungati
Mayfield, Canterbury
Mayfield, Marlborough
Medbury
Methven
Middlemarch
Milburn
Millers Flat
Milton
Moenui
Moeraki
Momona
Mosgiel
Mossburn
Motueka
Mount Cook Village
Mount Somers
Murchison
Myross Bush
N
Naseby
Nelson
New Brighton
Ngahere
Ngākuta Bay
Ngapara
Ngātīmoti
Nightcaps
O
Oamaru
Oban
Ohai
Ohoka
Okuru
Omakau
Omarama
Onekaka
Orepuki
Otakou
Otematata
Otira
Outram
Owaka
Oxford
P
Paerau
Pahia
Palmerston
Papatowai
Paradise
Parnassus
Paroa
Patearoa
Pelorus Bridge
Picton
Pleasant Point
Port Chalmers
Port Levy
Portobello
Pounawea
Pukekura
Pukeuri
Punakaiki
Pūponga
Q
Queenstown
R
Raes Junction
Rai Valley
Rakahouka
Rakaia
Ranfurly
Rangiora
Rapaura
Rārangi
Reefton
Renwick
Richmond
Riverlands
Riverton / Aparima
Riwaka
Rolleston
Romahapa
Roslyn Bush
Ross
Rotherham
Rotoroa
Roxburgh
Ruatapu
Runanga
S
Saint Arnaud
Saint Bathans
Seddon
Sheffield and Waddington
Somerfield
Southbridge
Spencerville
Spring Creek
Springfield
Springhills
Springston
Stillwater
Stoke
T
Tahakopa
Tahora
Tāhunanui
Tākaka
Tapanui
Tapawera
Te Anau
Te Kuha
Templeton
Temuka
Te Taho
Te Tipua
The Brook
Timaru
Tinwald
Todds Valley
Tokanui
Tokarahi
Tophouse
Tōtaranui
Tuamarina
Tuatapere
Twizel
U
Upper Moutere
V
Valetta
W
Waiau
Waikari
Waikawa, Marlborough
Waikawa, Southland
Waikouaiti
Waimangaroa
Waimate
Waipara
Waipiata
Wairau Valley
Waitahuna
Waitane
Waitaria Bay
Waitati
Waitohi
Wakefield
Wānaka
Ward
Warrington
Wedderburn
West Eyreton
Weston
Westport
Wharanui
Whataroa
Whitecliffs
Winscombe
Winton
Witherlea
Woodend
Woodlands
Woodstock
Wyndham
See also
List of cities and towns in the South Island by population
South Island
Cities and towns in the South Island |
Ballerina or Roses for Bettina () is a 1956 West German drama film directed by G. W. Pabst and starring Willy Birgel, Elisabeth Müller and Ivan Desny. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hertha Hareiter and Otto Pischinger.
Cast
Willy Birgel as Professor Förster
Elisabeth Müller as Bettina Sanden
Ivan Desny as Kostja Tomkoff, Choreograph
Eva Kerbler as Irene Gerwig
Leonard Steckel as Opernintendant
Carl Wery as Dr. Brinkmann
Hermann Speelmans as Kalborn
Erich Ponto as Schimanski, Pförtner
Art Blakey as Jazzmusiker
References
Bibliography
Rentschler, Eric. The Films of G.W. Pabst: An Extraterritorial Cinema. Rutgers University Press, 1990.
External links
1956 films
1950s German-language films
1956 drama films
West German films
German drama films
German black-and-white films
Films directed by G. W. Pabst
1950s German films
Films shot at Bavaria Studios |
The 2007 California wildfire season saw at least 9,093 separate wildfires that charred of land. Thirty of those wildfires were part of the Fall 2007 California firestorm, which burned approximately 972,147 acres (about 3,934 km2, or 1,520 mi2) of land from Santa Barbara County to the U.S.–Mexico border. At the peak of the wildfire activity in October 2007, the raging wildfires were visible from space.
The wildfires killed a total of 17 people, with nine of them dying directly from the fires; 203 others were injured, including at least 124 firefighters.
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires were burning. President George W. Bush concurred, and ordered federal aid to supplement state and local response efforts. Over 6,000 firefighters worked to fight the blazes; they were aided by units of the United States Armed Forces, United States National Guard, almost 3,000 prisoners convicted of non-violent crimes, and 60 firefighters from the Mexican cities of Tijuana and Tecate. The fires forced approximately 1,000,000 people to evacuate from their homes, becoming the largest evacuation in California's history.
Major contributing factors to the extreme fire conditions were drought in Southern California, hot weather, and the unusually strong Santa Ana winds, with gusts reaching 112 mph (180 km/h). California's "fire season," which traditionally runs from June to October, has become a year-round threat, due to a mixture of perennial drought and the increasing number of homes built in canyons and on hillsides, surrounded by brush and forest.
The fires had numerous sources. Several were triggered by power lines damaged by the high winds. One fire started when a semi-truck overturned. Another was suspected as having been deliberately caused; the suspect was shot and killed in flight by state authorities. A 10-year-old boy admitted that he accidentally started the Buckweed Fire by playing with matches. Causes of the remaining fires remain under investigation. The last active fire of the October 2007 fires, the Harris Fire, was fully extinguished on November 16, 2007, about 27 days after the series of wildfires had begun to ignite. The October 2007 wildfires collectively caused over $2 billion in property damages.
During the season, the National Interagency Fire Center reported that two firefighters were killed. One died in a helicopter crash, and the second was killed in a bulldozer rollover.
Fires
Below is a list of all fires that exceeded during the 2007 fire season. The list is taken from CAL FIRE's list of large fires.
Notes
October 2007 wildfires
Wind and weather
The October 2007 fires occurred following an extremely dry previous winter: in Los Angeles, with only of rainfall between July 2006 and June 2007, it was the driest “rain year” on record by . The record drought was exacerbated by the seasonal Santa Ana winds, blowing at an abnormally high strength. This combination of wind, heat, and dryness turned the chaparral into fire fuel. Officials believed that some of the fires generated their own winds, similar to the Oakland firestorm of 1991. The effects of the smoke were felt as far away as Brentwood in the East Bay, near Stockton, where it impacted local weather. High-speed Santa Ana winds also rendered the use of dropping water from fire fighting aircraft inefficient: until such winds abate, most payloads of water are just dispersed by the wind over an area so large that the water evaporates before it can reach a large fire on the ground.
The San Diego Union-Tribune reported, At one point, swirling winds threatened to bring fire into densely populated urban areas. At the height of the Santa Ana winds on October 22, sustained wind speeds reached , with wind gusts up to reported.
Impact
On October 21, the Harris Fire damaged and disabled the Southwest Power Link, a 500,000-volt power line from Arizona to San Diego. Power outages were reported in Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and other counties on October 22 to 333,500 Southern California Edison customers, most being restored within 24 hours. The power outage also affected the areas of Ojai, Oxnard, Simi Valley, Santa Clarita, Thousand Oaks, Agoura Hills, Rialto, Fontana, San Bernardino, Rancho Cucamonga, Mira Loma, Hesperia, Corona, Bloomington, Irvine, Calimesa and Rubidoux. This outage also caused 230 people to be without power in Malibu. The California Independent System Operator Corp declared an energy transmission emergency in southern California on October 23, due to wildfires affecting the lines. 500,000-, 230,000- and 138,000-volt lines were disabled in San Diego, and some lines in other areas were also disabled. 24,992 people lost power, due to the lack of power from the power grid. During the crisis, Mexico provided power to help augment the electrical needs of the San Diego area.
Authorities have stated that the evacuations, which displaced more than 900,000 people, have been the largest evacuation number in the history of California. By mid-morning on October 22, 2007, thousands of evacuees were taking shelter in Qualcomm Stadium and other locations throughout San Diego. On the afternoon of October 22, 2007, the Marines evacuated some planes from Marine Corps Air Station Miramar to other military bases in California and Arizona. The Navy moved all non-essential personnel from Naval Base San Diego barracks onto nearby vessels to accommodate refugees. The San Diego Wild Animal Park moved some animals to the on-site animal hospital for their protection.
The Horno Fire had charred in Camp Pendleton by 4:00 A.M PDT, on October 24, 2007. It caused the closure of Interstate 5 and it also caused Amtrak California to stop Pacific Surfliner service between Oceanside and San Clemente. Traffic was being diverted to Interstate 15, which had itself been closed earlier.
Illegal migrant workers were endangered by the crisis, sometimes staying at work in the fields within mandatory evacuation zones. Many had lived in the canyons nearby and distrusted officials. When fleeing the fires, some were arrested, while others were turned away from shelters due to lack of adequate identification. Some Mexican firefighters expressed concern about their countrymen, while others felt the migrant workers were aware of the risks they were taking. coyotehowls
Only a few cases of looting were documented. Six people were arrested for stealing supplies from Qualcomm stadium, another was arrested for theft after being found in possession of stolen goods in the Jamul fire area, and two were arrested near the Tecate border crossing.
Air quality and effects on health
The concentration of particulate matter 10 micrometers and smaller (designated PM10) reached unhealthy levels as a result of the fires. PM10 particles are small enough to enter deep into the lungs, and possibly the bloodstream. San Diego city attorney Michael Aguirre, citing concerns over weather conditions and air quality, urged the city to consider a voluntary evacuation of the entire city.
Response
Government agencies and volunteers worked together to mitigate the effects of the fires. According to the state of California's Consolidated Response web page, "There are 17 active fires in Southern California. The priority for fighting fires as of 19:30 on October 21 were the Buckweed, Witch, Harris, Canyon, Ranch, Santiago, and Sedgewick Fires." March Air Reserve Base is the primary staging area for relief supplies as coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
With many businesses and schools closed, some people used their time off to help others. Officials estimated that 10,000 people were gathered at Qualcomm Stadium, the largest shelter point in San Diego. Besides food, blankets and water, volunteers provided toys for children, massages, and a live rock and roll band performance. CERT teams, in various cities, received their first activation since the program's inception in this region. Trained volunteers provided assistance ranging from coordinating relief, to acting as a fire department auxiliary. Religious groups such as Victim Relief Ministries, Giving Children Hope, Hope Force International, Apostolic World Relief, and the Salvation Army responded by opening places of worship, donating supplies, and feeding workers and evacuees.
The Department of Defense contributed twelve engines for firefighting efforts. The National Guard called more than 2,400 troops, with 17,000 available if needed; of which 100 California National Guard medical personnel provided medical assistance. Six crews from the Navy's Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 85 based at Naval Air Station North Island were assigned to battle the Witch Creek fire. They flew MH-60 Seahawk helicopters equipped with a 420-gallon water bucket and they were the only local Navy teams trained to fight fires from the air. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar contributed several aircraft as well as fire fighting trucks to operations based in Ramona. One of the larger airtankers, the Martin Mars, sent through a private contract from its home in Port Alberni, British Columbia on October 25, landing on Lake Elsinore in Riverside County, California. It has a 7,000 gallon capacity. Two other airtankers and their crews from Quebec worked on the fires, part of an annual three-month contract with the state of California.
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires burned. President George W. Bush concurred and visited the region on Thursday, October 25, 2007.
Rep. Duncan Hunter criticized state fire officials for delaying the use of Marine helicopters until CalFire spotters were in position to coordinate their efforts. However, California Fire Marshal Kate Dargan said that the Marines and officials at CalFire were following procedures worked out with the military after serious problems with air coordination during the 2003 California wildfires. Other state officials also praised the federal response. Aaron McLear, a spokesman for Schwarzenegger, said the governor "is getting everything he needs from the federal government".
NBC Nightly News reported that with the evacuations reaching about 950,000 people, this was the largest peacetime movement of Americans since the Civil War era, although similar evacuation figures were cited for Hurricane Rita and Hurricane Katrina.
On November 6, 2007, the state of California reported that the fires were under control. On November 9, the last vole of wildfires were finally contained. According to the state's consolidated report on the fires, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger "called on the Blue Ribbon Task Force to assess the next steps to take at federal, state and local levels of government to prevent and fight future fires. Additionally, the Governor asked the task force to review the Governor’s Blue Ribbon Fire Commission’s recommendations, generated after the 2003 fires, to evaluate if the recommendations are still the best and most effective ways in preventing and fighting fires."
See also
List of California wildfires
FIRESCOPE
References
External links
Maps
CalFire map
LA Times managed Google map showing fire locations and relevant information
MSNBC managed Virtual Earth map showing fire locations
KPBS managed Google map with detailed San Diego area information
San Diego County map showing evacuated areas
CBS 8: San Diego fire maps
Orange County Register detailed map of Santiago fire
Academics and research
MAP.SDSU.EDU - mapping, database and geographic information system for the 2003 and 2007 fires, managed by the San Diego GIS force group, and hosted by San Diego State University
The San Diego Fire Recovery Network - a Southern California organization which addresses the widespread ecosystem changes in San Diego County caused by the 2003 and 2007 wild fires
The GIS Data Center for San Diego Fire Recovery Network - hosted by San Diego State University
Let Malibu Burn: A political history of the Fire Coast by Mike Davis
2007 Southern California Wildfires Web Archive at the California Digital Library.
California, 2007
Wildfires in California by year |
was an award-winning Japanese writer. Internationally he is best known for his novels Shipwrecks and On Parole.
Life and work
Yoshimura was the president of the Japanese writers' union and a PEN member. He published over 20 novels, of which On Parole and Shipwrecks are internationally known and have been translated into several languages. In 1984 he received the Yomiuri Prize for his novel Hagoku (, On Parole) based on the true story of Yoshie Shiratori.
After the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, Yoshimura's nonfiction chronicle of three previous tsunamis on the coast of Sanriku, Sanriku Kaigan Otsunami received an influx of orders, requiring a reprint of 150,000 copies. Yoshimura's wife and author in her own right, Setsuko Tsumura donated the royalties from the book to the village of Tanohata, which was heavily impacted by the tsunami. Tanohata was a favorite place of Yoshimura's to visit and inspired him to begin research on the historical tsunamis of the area.
Yoshimura was married to the writer Setsuko Tsumura.
Books (selection)
1966 Senkan Musashi ()
English edition: Battleship Musashi: The Making and Sinking of the Worlds Biggest Battleship (Kodansha USA, 1999)
1967 Mizu no sōretsu ()
1970 Umi no kabe sanriku kaigan ōtsunami ()
1978 Tōi hi no sensō ()
English edition: One Man’s Justice (Canongate, 2004),
1979 Pōtsumasu no hata () (on the 1905 Japan-Russia Treaty of Portsmouth negotiation)
French edition: Les Drapeaux de Portmouth (Éditions Philippe Picquier, 1990)
1982 Hasen ()
English edition: Shipwrecks (, Hasen) (Harvest Books, 1996),
1983 Hagoku ()
1988 Karishakuhō ()
English edition: On Parole (Harvest Books, 2000), , loosely adapted into a movie as The Eel
1989 Yami ni hirameku ()
1998 Namamugi jiken ()
1999 Amerika Hikozō () (on Joseph Heco)
English edition: Storm Rider (Harcourt, 2004)
Awards and honors
1966: Dazai Osamu Prize
1973: Kikuchi Kan Prize
1985: 36th Yomiuri Prize
1997: Japan Art Academy member
2006: Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class
References
External links
Review of Shipwrecks at asianreviewofbooks.com
1927 births
2006 deaths
20th-century novelists
Gakushuin University alumni
Japanese historical novelists
Japanese writers
Presidents of the Japan Writers’ Association
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class
Writers from Tokyo
Yomiuri Prize winners |
The Center for Interdisciplinary Law and Policy Studies (CILPS) at the Ohio State University's Moritz College of Law is committed to the promotion of interdisciplinary research, teaching, and public outreach designed to shed light on the nature and operation of law and legal institutions, as well as the impacts of law on society and culture.
Director: Katherine Hunt Federle, the Joseph S. Platt/Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur Professor of Law at The Ohio State University's Moritz College of Law.
External links
The Center for Interdisciplinary Law and Policy Studies
Colleges, schools, and departments of Ohio State University |
Emoh is a solo album by Lou Barlow, the first with his real name; the album was released in the USA in 2005 by Domino and by Merge Records and recorded in 2004.
Rolling Stone gave the album 3 stars out of 5 and noted: "[F]ull of quiet lyricism and Nick Drake beauty..." Uncut (p. 108) gave 4 stars out of 5 and said: "Using acoustic guitar, piano and vocals, he delivers 14 sweetly somber neo-folk tunes that reveal just how subtly persuasive the man's influence really is."
The album was recorded when Barlow was "in a better place" after some years of struggling due to Sebadoh's hiatus, John Davis leaving The Folk Implosion and personal problems. When the album was re-released in 2020, Barlow reflected: "Though Emoh was an overwhelmingly positive step forward for me, listening now, I realize the songs have a lot of pain in them. They clearly track the slow dissolution of my first marriage, the fatal break of several partnerships, and my struggle to acclimate to living in LA. Emoh is primarily an acoustic LP with live performances at its core, and that was a personal achievement for me. I’m still very pleased with it."
Track listing
"Holding Back the Year" – 3:30
"Home" – 3:23
"Caterpillar Girl" – 3:35
"Legendary" – 4:11
"Royalty" – 3:45
"Puzzle" – 3:36
"If I Could" – 3:42
"Monkey Begun" – 3:02
"Morning's After Me" – 3:44
"Round-N-Round" – 2:34
"Mary" – 3:10
"Confused" – 3:45
"Imagined Life" – 4:14
"The Ballad of Daykitty" – 4:03
2020 reissue
15. Finger (Demo)
16. Helpless (Demo)
17. Legendary (Demo)
18. Puzzle (Demo)
19. Home (Demo)
20. If I Could (Demo)
21. Mary (Demo)
22. Confused (Demo)
Personnel
Lou Barlow – vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, baritone electric guitar, bass, harp, piano, Korg bass and Roland Juno synthesizer, chord organ, Roland percussion pad, (sampled) percussion, xylophone, glockenspiel, backing vocals
Imaad Wasif – acoustic guitar (tracks 1, 4), electric guitar (1, 4, 12), slide guitar (12), percussion (4, 5), backing vocals (4)
Carey Kotsionis – harmony vocals (1, 7)
Jason Loewenstein – drums, knee slapping (1, 12)
Erin Hugely – cello (2, 11)
Wally Gagel – additional rhythm programming and synthesizer (3)
Russell Pollard – cut-up drums (3)
Abby Barlow – cello (6)
Mark Schwaber – electric guitar and bass (6)
Adam Harding – harmony vocals, electric guitar and piano (9)
Production
Mark Nevers – recording (1, 2, 7, 11, 12, Beech House, Nashville, TN), mix (1, 2, 7, 11, Wedgewood, Nashville)
Wally Gagel – recording, mix and production (3, Bliss, Los Angeles, CA, 2001)
Josh Schwartz – recording (4), mix (4, 10, 12, 14, Spaceshed, Los Angeles)
Lou Barlow - recording (5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, at home, Los Angeles), mix (5, 8, 9, 13, at home)
Mark Miller – recording and mix (6, Slaughterhouse, Hadley, MA)
Mark Chalecki – mastering (Capitol Studios, Hollywood, CA)
References
Sources
Emoh at Discogs
2005 albums
Lou Barlow albums |
Maelgwn Gwynedd (; died c. 547) was king of Gwynedd during the early 6th century. Surviving records suggest he held a pre-eminent position among the Brythonic kings in Wales and their allies in the "Old North" along the Scottish coast. Maelgwn was a generous supporter of Christianity, funding the foundation of churches throughout Wales and even far beyond the bounds of his own kingdom. Nonetheless, his principal legacy today is the scathing account of his behavior recorded in De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae by Gildas, who considered Maelgwn a usurper and reprobate. The son of Cadwallon Lawhir and great-grandson of Cunedda, Maelgwn was buried on Ynys Seiriol (now known as Puffin Island in English), off the eastern tip of Anglesey, having died of the "yellow plague"; quite probably the arrival of Justinian's Plague in Britain.
Name
Maelgwn (IPA: /mɑːɨlgʊn/) in a Middle Welsh name meaning 'Princely Hound'. Attested in Latin as Maglocunus in Gildas' De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, it derives from a Common Brittonic form reconstructed as *Maglo-kunos, a compound composed of the root *maglo- (MW. mael), meaning 'prince', attached to *cun- (cwn), an old oblique case root of *cū (ci), meaning 'hound, dog'. As the word for 'hound' was sometimes used as a kenning for warriors in early Welsh poetry, the name may also be translated as 'Princely Warrior'.
Reign
After the collapse of Roman authority in Britain, north Wales was invaded and colonized by Gaelic tribes from Ireland. The kingdom of Gwynedd began with the reconquest of the coast by northern Britons under the command of Maelgwn's great-grandfather Cunedda Wledig. Generations later, Maelgwn's father Cadwallon Long-Hand completed the process by destroying the last Irish settlements on Anglesey. Maelgwn was the first king to enjoy the fruits of his family's conquest and he is considered the founder of the medieval kingdom's royal family. He is thus most commonly referenced by appending the name of the kingdom to his own: Maelgwn Gwynedd.
By tradition, his llys (, literally hall) was located at Deganwy, in the Creuddyn Peninsula of Rhos. Tradition also holds that he died at nearby Llanrhos, and was buried there. Other traditions say that he was buried at Ynys Seiriol (), off easternmost Anglesey. There are no historical records to confirm or deny these traditions.
Historical records of this early era are scant. Maelgwn appears in the royal genealogies of the Harleian genealogies, Jesus College MS. 20, and Hengwrt MS. 202. His death in a "great mortality" of 547 is noted in the Annales Cambriae. Tradition holds that he died of the 'Yellow Plague' () of Rhos, but this is based on one of the Triads that was written much later. The record says only that it was a "great mortality", which followed the outbreak of the great Plague of Justinian in Constantinople by a few years.
Maelgwn was a generous contributor to the cause of Christianity throughout Wales. He made donations to support saints Brynach in Dyfed, Cadoc in Gwynllwg, Cybi in Anglesey, Padarn in Ceredigion, and Tydecho in Powys. He is also associated with the foundation of Bangor, but hard evidence of this is lacking. In his 1723 Mona Antiqua Restaurata, Henry Rowlands asserts that Bangor was raised to an episcopal see by Maelgwn in 550, but he provides no source for the assertion.
The only contemporary information about the person is provided by Gildas, who includes Maelgwn among the five British kings whom he condemns in allegorical terms in his De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae. He says Maelgwn held a regional pre-eminence among the other four kings, going on to say that he overthrew his paternal uncle () to gain the throne; that he had taken up life as a monk but then returned to the secular world; that he had been married and divorced, then remarried to the widow of his nephew after being responsible for his nephew's death; and that he was tall.
"High king"
The evidence suggests that Maelgwn held a pre-eminent position over the regions ruled by the descendants of Cunedda, perhaps in the sense of a regional high king. There is nothing to suggest that Maelgwn held sway over any larger area. Gildas says as much in his condemnation, saying he held a pre-eminence over the other four kings similarly condemned, and also describing him as the "dragon of the island", where the Isle of Anglesey is the ancient stronghold of the kings of Gwynedd.
The fact that Maelgwn's donations to religious foundations are not restricted to the Kingdom of Gwynedd but are spread throughout northern and southern Wales in the regions where the descendants of Cunedda held sway implies that Maelgwn had a responsibility to those regions beyond the responsibilities of a king to his own kingdom.
While the context is not definitive, Taliesin also implies it, in his Marwnad Rhun () that laments the death of Maelgwn's son Rhun, where he says that Rhun's death is "the fall of the court and girdle of Cunedda".
Gildas
In his work On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain written 540, Gildas makes an allegorical condemnation of five British kings by likening them to the beasts of the Book of Revelation 13:2—the lion, leopard, bear and dragon, with the dragon supreme among them. He says that Maelgwn is the "dragon of the island", and goes on with a litany of moral accusations, in the process describing him almost as a regional high king over the other kings (the power-giving dragon of the Apocalypse). The Isle of Anglesey was the base of power of the kings of Gwynedd, so describing Maelgwn as the "dragon of the island" is appropriate.
Gildas restricts his attention to the kings of Gwynedd (Maelgwn), Dyfed (Vortiporius), Penllyn (probable, as its king Cuneglasus/Cynlas appears in royal genealogies associated with the region), Damnonia/Alt Clud or Dumnonia(Constantine), and the unknown region associated with Caninus. The Welsh kingdoms are all associated with the conquest of the Gaels by Cunedda, while Alt Clud had a long and ongoing relationship with Gwynedd and its kings.
In the course of his condemnations, Gildas makes passing reference to the other beasts mentioned in the Apocalypse, such as the eagle, serpent, calf and wolf. The reason for Gildas' disaffection for these individuals is unknown. He was selective in his choice of kings, as he had no comments concerning the kings of the other British kingdoms that were thriving at the time, such as Rheged, Gododdin, Elmet, Pengwern/Powys, or the kingdoms of modern-day southern England. That he chose only the kings associated with one king's pre-eminence (Maelgwn, the "dragon") suggests a reason other than his claim of moral outrage over personal depravity. Neither outrage nor a doctrinal dispute would seem to justify beginning the condemnation of the five kings with a personal attack against the mother of one of the kings, calling her an "unclean lioness".
Literary record
In the Historia Brittonum, Nennius says that "the great king Mailcun reigned among the Britons, i.e., in Gwynedd". He adds that Maelgwn's ancestor Cunedda arrived in Gwynedd 146 years before Maelgwn's reign, coming from Manaw Gododdin, and expelled the Scots [i.e., the Gaels] with great slaughter.
Maelgwn appears once in the Welsh Triads: In the 'Three Tribal Thrones of the Island of Britain', which describes three seats of power, each ruled by Arthur, Maelgwn is Arthur's Chief of Elders in Mynyw (St David's). The pestilence that killed him also appears as one of the 'Three Dreadful Pestilences of the Isle of Britain'. It is described as the Yellow Plague of Rhos, originating from the carcasses of the dead.
There is an incidental mention of Maelgwn in the song To Maenwyn found in the Red Book of Hergest and attributed to Llywarch Hen. The steward () Maenwyn is encouraged to resist a command to surrender his post and show his fidelity to Maelgwn.
In the Book of Llandaff, compiled c. 1125, Maelgwn Gwynedd is claimed to be one of the benefactors of the Diocese of Llandaff in its early years. One of the specific places mentioned is at Louhai (Tintern parva, some six miles north of Chepstow), where Maelgwn is claimed as a secular witness to its donation.
In the Black Book of Carmarthen, Dormarch, Gwyn ap Nudd's favourite hound, is recorded as previously belonging to Maelgwn Gwynedd. This is significant in relation to the mythological role of his new master in the Wild Hunt.
Fictional tradition
As a famous king of the past, Maelgwn's name figures strongly in Welsh legend. It is used more often than most in questionable accounts of history and in genuine efforts at history that either invent fictions of their own, or repeat the fictions of others as though they were true. Some of the most significant sources of misinformation about Maelgwn are:
The History of the Kings of Britain
Geoffrey of Monmouth's 12th-century pseudohistorical Historia Regum Britanniae includes Maelgwn (Malgo) as a character in its account of British history. It says that Saint David was buried at St Davids on the command of "Malgo, king of the Venedotians", that Malgo addicted himself to sodomy, and that he was succeeded by a certain Careticus. It adds that Britain had groaned under the barbarians since the time of Malgo, that Malgo was the fourth king of Britain after Arthur, and that Malgo had two sons, Ennianus and Runo.
Scholars contend that there is no authority for any of this except Geoffrey's fertile imagination. Historically, Rhun ap Maelgwn was Maelgwn's son and successor (though this may be the 'Runo' Geoffrey refers to). Geoffrey appears to twist Gildas' words to obtain his reference to sodomy. In his condemnation of 5 British kings in the De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, Gildas refers to wine as "sodomitical" but never applies that word to any person.
The Brut Tysilio
Once attributed to Saint Tysilio (died 640), the Chronicle of the Kings of Britain was written c. 1500 as an amalgam of earlier versions of the Brut y Brenhinedd, a derivative of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. Among its spurious claims is that Maelgwn Gwynedd came to the crown following Vortiper, that he was succeeded by a certain Caretig, that he was the fourth king of all Britain after Arthur, and that he had two sons, Einion and Rhun.
The Iolo Manuscripts
Maelgwn Gwynedd is mentioned repeatedly in the spurious 18th century Iolo Manuscripts of Iolo Morganwg. His three Chief Bards are named, and he is proclaimed King Paramount over the other kings. A Maelgwn Hir of Llandaff is described, and said to be commonly mistaken for Maelgwn Gwynedd. Taliesin is said to have been dispossessed of his property by Maelgwn, and so cursed him. Saint Eurgain is said to be Maelgwn's daughter. Saint Cwyllog, daughter of Caw Cawlwyd of Twr Celyn, had been given lands by Maelgwn Gwynedd. In 'The Three Holy Families of the Isle of Britain', there is a story of Caw and his children who had been driven from their lands by the Gwyddelian Picts, and who then came to Wales and were given land in Anglesey by Maelgwn. Without independent and reputable verification, the material found in the Iolo Manuscripts is considered to be the product of Iolo's fertile imagination.
The Tale of Taliesin
The Tale of Taliesin (Hanes Taliesin or Ystoria Taliesin) is a genuine legendary story about Taliesin which is preserved in two principal redactions dating from the mid-16th century and the early 17th century but which probably derives from older sources. It was first printed in Lady Charlotte Guest's translation of the Mabinogion: the notes to that edition are the work of Iolo Morganwg and contain inaccuracies and some of his inventions. The story itself tells of events where the Taliesin of legend is placed in difficult or impossible situations but invariably overcomes all obstacles, usually through feats of magic. Maelgwn Gwynedd is conspicuously depicted in a negative light, being foiled in unscrupulous actions of deceit and being outwitted.
The historical Taliesin was actually a contemporary of Maelgwn Gwynedd's son and successor Rhun. An elegy for Rhun, the Marwnad Rhun () was once attributed to Taliesin by some scholars. but is now considered to be of later provenance and is no longer accepted as his work. There is nothing to connect the historical Taliesin with Maelgwn Gwynedd, although references to the legend are found in medieval Welsh poems.
The Chronicle of the Scottish Nation
According to the account of John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation, written c. 1360, a certain "Maglo, King of the Britons" asks for aid from King Aydanus. There is nothing to link Maelgwn Gwynedd to the Pictish king, Fordun's claim notwithstanding. In the next section, Fordun says that later on it is "Cadwallo, King of the Britons" who is receiving aid from King Aydanus.
This story is repeated uncritically in some later histories, and subsequently "Malgo the Briton" is mentioned in Thomas Stephens' notes on an 1888 publication of Y Gododdin, with the stated suggestion that Maelgwn was an ally of "Aeddan" against the Pictish king Bridei. Fordun's Chronicle is given as one of Stephens' references.
The Pictish king Bridei
Bridei (died c. 584) was the son of a certain Maelchon (or Melcho, or Maelchú in Irish records). Aside from having a similar name, there is nothing that connects the father of Bridei to Maelgwn Gwynedd.
Of those who have promoted a connection, perhaps the most notable person of late is John Morris in his Age of Arthur, where he refers in passing and without authority, to "... Bridei, son of Maelgwn, the mighty king of north Wales, ...". Though the book has been a commercial success, it is disparaged by historians as an unreliable source of "misleading and misguided" information.
Later fiction
As a famous king of the past, Maelgwn has been associated with unsubstantiated but popular legends and stories throughout history. Modern authors have occasionally used his name as a character in fictional stories. These include the trilogies of Traci Harding, Mary Gilgannon's historical novels, and a fantasy novel by Nikolai Tolstoy.
Family and children
His father was Cadwallon Lawhir and his mother Meddyf, a daughter of Maeldaf. He had a brother and nephew, mentioned in Gildas' De Excidio, but they are unnamed. He is given various wives, including Nesta, Sanan (his nephew's wife) and Gwallwyn (possibly his cousin). It is also possible that he impregnated the Pictish princess Waelgush.
His children are variously given as:
Alser
Doeg
Einion
Eurgain (daughter)
Rhun Hir
It is possible but highly debated whether Bridei I and his sister Domelch were children of Maelgwn. Their father is given as Máelchú, which is the Irish form of Maelgwn.
See also
Family tree of Welsh monarchs
Citations
References
– English translation
– in Latin
– from MSS. in the Libraries of Hengwrt, and of Jesus College (English translation)
External links
Maelgwn Gwynedd on National Library of Wales Dictionary of Welsh Biography
Monarchs of Gwynedd
540s deaths
Year of death uncertain
Year of birth unknown
6th-century Welsh monarchs
6th-century deaths from plague (disease) |
The Viaduc de la Jonction (Viaduct of the Junction) is a rail viaduct in Geneva, Switzerland. It was completed in 1945.
It is located above the confluence of the rivers Rhône & Arve, locally known as "la Jonction" (the Junction), from which it gets its name. The nearby district of La Jonction also gets its name from the confluence.
It carries two railway tracks and a footpath over the confluence. It carried only freight trains until Lancy-Pont-Rouge railway station was opened in 2002, but is an integral part of the CEVA crossrail project.
Railway bridges in Switzerland |
Kandu Kukulhu, also known as Tuna Curry, is a traditional Maldivian dish. Tuna fillets are rolled with spices and cooked in coconut milk.
Etymology
Kandu Kukulhu literally translates as "chicken of the sea".
Method
Tuna fillets are rolled with curry paste and tied together with a strip of coconut leaf. The curry is usually prepared overnight. It is then served with rice or roshi (flatbread).
See also
Mas riha
List of tuna dishes
References
Maldivian cuisine
Tuna dishes |
Alexander Reinefeld (born 1957) is a German computer scientist and games researcher. He is the head of computer science at Zuse Institute Berlin. His contributions to the field include the NegaScout algorithm.
Biography
Alexander Reinefeld studied physics at the Technical University of Braunschweig and computer science at the University of Hamburg and during two one-year visits in Edmonton at the University of Alberta. In 1982 he concluded his Diplom (equivalent to MSc) in computer science and in 1987 he received his Ph.D at the University of Hamburg.
From 1983 to 1987, he worked as a scientific employee, and from 1989 to 1992 as assistant at the University of Hamburg. During the years 1987 to 1990 he collected industrial experience as a management consultant in the areas of systems analysis, databases and compiler building. In 1992 Reinefeld collaborated with the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC²) at the University of Paderborn. Since 1998, Alexander Reinefeld leads the area of Computer Science in the Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB). He is a member of the Gesellschaft für Informatik, the ACM, the IEEE Computer Society, the German university association Deutscher Hochschulverband (DHV) and Chair of Parallel and Distributed Systems at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
Search algorithms
In 1983 Alexander Reinefeld introduced the NegaScout search-algorithm, an improvement of Judea Pearl's Scout.
Ten years later, in 1993 Reinefeld made an attempt to resuscitate Stockman's SSS* algorithm, and proposed an improvement of the recursive RecSSS*, initially developed by Subir Bhattacharya and Amitava Bagchi. Despite promising results with some trees of depth 8, the space (memory) requirements were still too high, and with the research of Aske Plaat, Wim Pijls and Arie de Bruin concerning the alpha–beta pruning algorithm with zero windows and transposition table in SSS* and Dual* as MT, SSS* was finally declared "dead" by Pijls and De Bruin in 1996.
Chess programs
In 1979 at the University of Hamburg, motivated and supported by his advisor Frieder Schwenkel, Alexander Reinefeld designed the chess program Murks, partly implemented in microcode for an Interdata M85 minicomputer. Reinefeld claimed that world chess champion Mikhail Botvinnik played against Murks during his visit.
In 1980/81, a team of four students, Manfred Allers, Dirk Hauschildt, Dieter Steinwender and Alexander Reinefeld, ported Murks to a Motorola 68000 microprocessor, then dubbed MicroMurks. They built their own MC68000 microcomputer from scratch. Micromurks II represented by Dieter Steinwender, participated at the WMCCC 1983 in Budapest.
External links
Alexander Reinefeld's personal homepage.
1957 births
Living people
Computer chess people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Babson-Alling House is a historic colonial house in Gloucester, Massachusetts. The 2.5-story Georgian house was built in 1740 by William Allen, and remains one of Gloucester's finest houses of the period. It is a typical house of the time, with a center chimney plan and a gambrel roof. The house was bought by Joseph Low in 1779; his daughter Elizabeth married Nathaniel Babson, and their son ended up inheriting the property. It remained in the Babson family into the 20th century, eventually being inherited by Low descendant Elizabeth Alling.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
Description, location and environment
The mid-18th century (1740) Babson-Alling House is one of two early dwellings that remain at Gloucester's original town center. Once known as the Green, the central position of this inland area was usurped in 1738 when the First Parish Meetinghouse was moved eastward to the Inner Harbor where it remains (see Central Gloucester Historic District, and Boundary Increase). The Green area gradually declined over the next two hundred years until the mid 20th century when the north-shore corridor of Washington Street was “improved” with the Grant Circle Rotary to accommodate traffic from the newly constructed dual-lane State Route 128 (east-west). At that time the 17th century White-Ellery House (NRHP: 3/9/1990) was moved from its original location, roughly centered on the rotary, to its present position immediately north of the Babson-Alling House. These two well preserved early dwellings, along with a barn, stone walls and other landscape features provide a unique and multi-faceted glimpse into the city's origins. The remnant of a ca. 1930 scallop-topped wooden fence was placed on the Babson-Alling property to indicate the early position of Washington Street, but was replaced in April 2018 with a similar fence as a result of a car crashing through in December 2017.
The Babson-Alling House is sited directly on the Grant Circle Rotary at the northeast corner of State Route 128 and Washington Street where it continues to face south. It is buffered from the intrusion of constant automobile traffic by a tall wooden fence (modern) and a screen of white pines on the west. A large front yard planted with mature weeping willows enhances privacy on the south. The setting of open fields to the north and east is substantially more compatible, providing a sense of the surrounding landscape during the period of significance. To the rear (N) the property abuts the White-Ellery House and an open field that is maintained in rough turf and edged by fieldstone walls and mature oaks. A large untended field provides the eastern border. Poplar Street, which runs behind (N) the two houses is an early to mid 20th century residential neighborhood.
Summary evolution of the property
The handsome and coherent appearances of the Babson-Alling property today results from three major periods of construction and remodeling. The gambrel roof house with its bold modillion cornice and massive central chimney is clearly a product of mid 18th century Georgian sensibilities. The east wing is either original or an early addition to the main block.
During the Federal period fashionable entries with delicate fanlights and oval windows were added to the south facade and west elevation. At the same time, it appears that the landscape was enhanced by creation of a low rise with granite retaining wall as a pedestal for the house. In the early 20th century, ca. 1930, a delicate Federal Revival portico was added to the main entry and the yard was planted with white pines (W) and weeping willows (S), presumably as screens to increased traffic and encroaching development. At about the same time, a utilitarian board fence along Washington Street was replaced with a more decorative scalloped-top fence, a secondary wall with balustrade was added in front of the foundation, and a gazebo was erected southeast of the house. These complementary building and landscape features create a rich evolutionary overlay that illustrates the continuing history of the property.
Current appearance of the landscape
The main approach to the Babson-Alling House is from Washington Street (W) via an unpaved drive located immediately south of the barn. Leading to the west rear of the house, that drive is lined by a lilac hedge and enclosed by a wooden gate. A longer secondary drive, also unpaved, runs south from Poplar Street behind the White-Ellery House and the barn. The barn is sited between the two houses on the Washington Street (W) side.
The 20,000 sq. ft. lot encompasses several landscape features that appear to have evolved during various periods in the property's history. Like the architectural changes, they are complementary, and add substantially to the property's ability to reflect changing fashions and tastes over a two hundred-year period. They also help to create an oasis of tranquility that contributes to the overall historic integrity of the property, helping to mitigate the intrusiveness of modern traffic patterns.
The house now sits on a low rise defined by a granite block retaining wall which is a typical Federal period landscape device. The wall is broken in the center to allow three granite block steps to ascend laterally from the west (reoriented ca. 1930); three additional steps lead north to the entry portico. The retaining wall extends eastward beyond the house to a small shingled shed with pyramidal roof (ca. 1930). A fieldstone wall, which may date to an earlier period, continues eastward from the shed. A split rail fence of unknown date occupies the southeast corner of the front lawn area and extends northward to the stone wall that separates the Babson-Alling property from the Poplar Street field. Directly behind the house, fieldstone is replaced by finished granite blocks which seem to be a mid to late 19th century attempt to beautify the area immediately surrounding the house. The large front lawn is planted with mature willows and pines, and overgrown ornamental shrubs.
Current appearance of the house
The five by two bay house rises 2 and 1/2 stories from a high foundation of irregularly sized granite ashlar blocks, to an asphalt shingle gambrel roof with massive center chimney. The main block is extended by an early three story, three bay east wing that takes the set-back half-depth form that is characteristic of the North Shore and is commonly referred to as a Beverly jog (Old-House Journal). Two small one story gable roof eels frame the rear elevation. The entire building is sheathed with clapboard which was the original exterior material although individual elements have probably been replaced over time. The main block is trimmed with narrow cornerboards and watertable, and a handsome boldly projecting modillion cornice on the front and rear elevations. Unless otherwise noted, windows are simply framed and contain 6/6 sash that date to the Federal period.
The symmetrical five bay south facade is centered on a well-detailed entry that reflects three compatible periods of development. Historic photographs reveal a surround consisting of paneled pilasters carrying an entablature with fanlight below. Those extant details probably date to the Federal period occupancy of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Low Babson, and appear to be contemporary with many of the landscape refinements. The present delicate portico, with its swelled roof supported on slender paired Tuscan columns, is a well conceived Colonial Revival addition dated to the 1930s. The double-lead entry with its raised field panels may be original. Two windows frame the entry on each side while five second story windows, aligned with the first story openings, are framed into the cornice.
The two bay west elevation, where the two driveways terminate, is focused on a slightly off-center secondary entry that also appears to date to the Federal period. In this case, the composition consists of an enclosed hip-roof porch detailed with paneled corner pilasters and oval windows on the side walls. The entry, with its six-panel Federal door, is approached by two granite block steps. Two windows are located on the north side of the entry and one on the south. Two windows light both the second and attic stories where their heads are aligned with the main cornice and roof break respectively.
The primary outbuilding is a wood-shingled wood-frame barn sited near Washington Street between the Babson-Alling (SE) and White-Ellery (N) Houses. It rises from a fieldstone and granite block foundation to an asphalt shingle covered gable roof. Built into the side of a small hill, it is one story at the north gable end and two stories at the south. A sliding door is located on the east side, and a similar element has been removed from the south gable end. Loading bays are located in both gables. One window retains a remnant of a 2/2 sash which would indicate a construction date in the late 19th century if it is original.
Archaeological description
While no prehistoric sites are currently recorded on the property, it is possible that sites are present. The physical characteristics of the property including its elevated level to moderately sloping, well drained location in close proximity to Annisquam River wetlands indicate favorable locational criteria for Native American subsistence and settlement activities. Four known prehistoric sites are also recorded in the general area (within on mile), all of which border Annisquam River wetlands. Given the above factors, historic landuse of the property and the small size (20,000 square feet) of the lot, a moderate potential exists for locating significant prehistoric survivals.
There is a high potential for locating significant historic archaeological remains on the property. Structural remains and/or construction features may survive from at least three major periods of construction and remodeling at the house since its construction in ca. 1740. Structural remains from outbuildings are also likely including barns, wood houses and storehouses. One barn is still extant between the Babson-Alling and White-Ellery Houses, however, at least one other barn, destroyed by fire in 1908, was also present close to the house. Occupational related features (privies, wells) are also likely on the property. Nineteenth century deeds for the house note at least two outhouses no longer extant. Many of the resources described above and other landscape features on the parcel together constitute a mid-nineteenth century rural landscape preserved on the property.
Darvill, Timothy, Christopher Gerrard and Bill Startin
1993 Identifying and Protecting Historic Landscapes. Antiquity 67(256): 563-574
Statement of significance
Located at Gloucester's original town center, the Babson-Alling House is one of the city's finest examples of mid-Georgian architecture. Historically, the property is associated with some of the city's leading businessmen and their families, and illustrates the changes in Gloucester's maritime industry over the last 250 years.
The Babson-Alling House possesses integrity of location, design, materials, setting, and workmanship, and meets Criteria A and C for listing in the National Register. The period of significance for the property is ca. 1740–1945.
The Babson-Alling House originally stood in a prestigious location on the Town Green, to the east of the original First Parish Meetinghouse. Its construction is generally attributed to either Joseph Allen or his son, William, ca. 1740. Joseph's father, also named Joseph Allen, was a blacksmith who had come to Gloucester in 1674 and settled in the Town Green area. The second Joseph (1681-1750) was “engaged in trade, and became a citizen of considerable distinction, taking an active part in town-affairs;” he also served as a representative to the General Court for four years (Babson: 56). The parcel of land on which the Babson-Alling House now stands was purchased from Stephen Robenson by the second Joseph Allen ca. 1722–35.
Several known deeds documents the family's early maritime connections. One, a 1728 deed from Joseph Allen, trader, gives his son Joseph Allen one-third part “of the Good Scooner Called the Grahoune(,) Burthen Aboute Forty tons.” The second, a deed from Joseph Allen, trader, to his son Joseph Allen, “shoresman,” in 1731–32, gives the son use of “My Wharf that I Have Lying in the Harbor Joyning to Phelemon Warners Wharf & the Dock and flats Belonging to Sd. Wharf.” A third deed (dated 1733–34) describes the senior Joseph Allen as a merchant, and his son Joseph as a trader– both terms commonly associated with maritime pursuits during this period.
Little is known of Joseph's son, William Allen, although he presumably continued “in trade” like his father. A reliable local history states that “William, born in 1717, built the large house east of the site of the old Meeting-house in Town (First) Parish, where he had a large family of children born to him… He removed to New Gloucester, Me., on the early settlement of that town,” which began in 1742 (Babson: 56). Another source goes further, stating that “Col. William Allen, who married the daughter of Col. Osgood (Mrs. Mary Osgood of Andover, in 1745), lived in Gloucester during his early married life in a large house up in town… Here was born to him fourteen children. About the year 1769 he removed to New Gloucester,” where two more children were born. He is said to have died in 1780. (CAHA Scrapbook #43: p. 67)
An early map with a list of residents indicates that William Allen was living here by 1741. In 1765 Col. William Allen, with his wife Mary, sold the Babson-Alling property as “the House I now live in with about three acres of Land adjoining to said House… which Land my late Father Joseph Allen Esq. bot of Stephen Robenson,” along with a small wood house and store house between the dwelling and the meeting house, two-thirds of a tract of “Woods Pasture” and “a small Piece of mowing or planting Land” adjoining the Rev. John Roger's house (B. 113, P. 150). “Pens” in the attic are said to have been used by slaves of Col. Allen, who owned eight slaves while living in this house (Robert Babson Alling: 77). The ca. 1740 construction of such a substantial, high style house here is remarkable, since the Town Green was clearly losing its status as the economic, religious, and social center of Gloucester at that time. A new meeting house was built at the Harbor Village in 1738, and the old Meetinghouse Green area was relegated from First to Fourth Parish by legislative order in 1742.
The Babson-Alling House was bought in 1765 by Issac Smith, Esq., of Boston, an eminent merchant in the maritime trades and uncle of Mrs. Abigail Adams (the wife of John Adams, our 2nd President). Mr. Issac Smith was one of the wealthiest men in Boston and the owner of many ships and slaves. Two slaves he received when collecting from a bankrupt merchant further up Washington Street; One of these slaves was named Scipio Dalton, and it is thought he was moved up the street to live in the attic of the Babson-Alling House. Scipio Dalton would later be known from the Indenture between Isaac Smith and Scipio Dalton, (a slave) regarding his freedom, 20 June 1779, with addendum, 20-24 December 1779 (Massachusetts Historical Society) and his life following release.
Issac Smith was very highly regarded, John Hancock called him "the most reliable man in Boston."
"He died in Boston in 1787, aged sixty-eight; having sustained through life a high character for honesty, benevolence, and intelligence." (Babson: 372)
In 1779, Issac and Elizabeth Smith, said to be of Boston, sold the Babson-Alling property—including the house, 3 acres of land adjoining, the wood house and store house, and the mowing or planting lands—to John Low, Jr. (1754-1801) of Gloucester. A 1773 graduate of Harvard College, Low was also a merchant, carrying on a fishing business on the Annisquam River.
In 1775 and 1776, John Low, Jr. is described as a lieutenant in the militia, for the defense of the sea coast. His father, John Sr. (1728-1796) was also engaged in the trade and fishing business on the Annisquam River and became “one of the most prominent citizens of this time” (Babson: 114). Probate records describe John Low Jr. as a merchant and captain. His minor children Lucy and Eliza inherited their father's estate, with the Babson-Alling House eventually passing to Eliza Gorham Low (1786-1862). Eliza was married in 1809 to Captain Nathaniel Babson (1784-1836), who came from one of the oldest and most prominent of Gloucester's early families.
Nathaniel Babson was a noted sea captain who made voyages to Scotland, Gilbralter, the Baltic region, and Russia. Among the vessels that he commanded were the sloops Fame and Columbus (the latter of which he was also the owner) and the schooner Charming Nancy. With two of his brothers, Nathaniel also owned the schooner Marion. Several of the letters he wrote to his wife from around the world have been preserved. After Babson retired from the sea, he farmed this estate that his wife had inherited from her father. Outside of his career as a merchant, Nathaniel Babson is also notable as one of the seven founders of the Congregational Church (1829), where he served as a deacon until his death in 1836.
After Eliza Low Babson's death in 1862, the Babson-Alling House passed to their six children, the youngest of whom, Gustavus (1820-1897) bought the property from his siblings and stayed on to work the farm. Although most of his brothers were seafarers like their father, Gustavus became a successful farmer, “blest with rare good judgement and a will to work… who would have made a success of anything he undertook” (Robert Babson Alling: 56–57). At the time that Gustavus Babson bought the estate, it included the same premises purchases by his grandfather, John Low, Jr.– comprises a dwelling house and three adjoining acres of land, outhouses, barns, “a wood house or store house,” and other buildings– along with a substantial amount of separate, agricultural land. Gustavus Babson was married in 1845 to his first cousin, Susan Stanwood Low (1820-1880). Her father, David Low, was a brother of John Low, Jr. and a shipmaster to Northern Europe. Gustavus and Susan Low Babson had seven children, and the Babson-Alling House continued to pass down through the Babson family through the mid-20th century. Its residents included three of Gustavus and Susan's daughters: (1) Susan Babson (1852-1947), a teacher, writer, and active founding members of the Mass. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and of the Cape Ann Scientific, Literary, and Historical Associate (now the Cape Ann Historical Association); (2) Ann Prentiss Babson Alling (b. 1858), who moved here after the death of her husband in 1894 and shared responsibility for maintaining the homestead with her brother Nathaniel; and (3) Elizabeth Low Babson (1859-1892), an artist and prominent member of the Cape Ann Literary and Historical Associate. Annie Babson Alling's daughter, Elizabeth L. Alling, also remained at the Babson-Alling House and was active in civic affairs.
The Babson-Alling House is one of Gloucester's best preserved, high-style examples of Georgian architecture, both in its exterior detailing and its interior panelling. The design is particularly notable for its Georgian modillioned cornic, Federal period entryways, and Federal Revival front portico. In 1934, the White Pine “Pencil Point Series”– a major documentary source for Colonial architecture– wrote that the house “contains one of the most beautiful all-paneled rooms in the State (and one of the two still remaining upon Cape Ann) with a most interesting staircase.” (Whitehead, ed.: 162)
Little altered, this sophisticated Georgian building represents a carefully considered architectural evolution through the Colonial Revival period in the early 20th century. A 20th century descendant's account of the homestead speculates that the original house probably had no ells and states that, upon his marriage, Gustavus Babson, Sr. added doorways between the front and back of the east end of the house on both floors, and partitioned the large back kitchen. The fireplace in the north kitchen became a parlor, and its large fireplace was reduced in size (Robert Babson Alling: 74).
Of the outbuildings associated with the property, a large barn that was located close to the house was destroyed by fire in 1908. It was occupied by 10 cows, two horses, and a flock of hens (Robert Babson Alling: 78).
The setting for the Babson-Alling House has changed since its days as the town center, with a rotary for state highway Route 128 (built in the 1950s) now loosely substituting for the original town green. The acreage associated with the house has been reduced, but adjacent open fields continue to give an impression reminiscent of its original, semi-rural setting.
Archaeological significance
Since patterns of prehistoric occupation in Gloucester are poorly understood, any surviving sites could be significant. Prehistoric sites in this area can help document the effects of sea level rise on Native American settlement and subsistence through time and the ways in which Native peoples adapted to that change. As a result of the property's location on Cape Ann and its proximity to ocean waters, prehistoric sites in this area may contain valuable information on fishery technologies, particularly towards the exploitation of more open water pelagic species including whales. Prehistoric sites in this area may also contain date relation to prehistoric tool technologies, particularly the extant to which local and regionally important volcanic complexes including the Lynn Volcanics complex were utilized on local sites.
Historical archaeological remains described above have the potential to further document Gloucester's original town center, once known as the Green, which currently survives at this and one other location. Controlled testing and excavation can document the 18th through 20th century landuse of the property, much of which is no longer extant above ground. Construction features and stratigraphic profiles can further document the phases of construction and remodeling for the house and provide physical evidence of the town center or Green which no longer survives. Detailed analysis of occupational related features can provide important social, cultural, and economic data on inhabitants of the house including several slaves living there in the 18th century. Landscape features can also contribute important information towards the significance of the house. These features are important in interpreting the long-term development of the complex, including its current situation on a busy traffic rotary. A great deal of recent scholarship has focused on archaeological landscapes from a holistic perspective, one that takes in account diachronic landscape change as a factor in the development of layered landscapes (cf. Darvill et al. 1993). Thus in addition to possessing the potential for significant archaeological resources from the eighteen century, the house and yard can address questions regarding the importance of nineteenth-century landscape and filling as conscious efforts at presentation on the part of the house's occupants.
Major bibliographical references
Alling, Robert Babson. Robert Babson Alling's Ancestors, Descendants, and Close Relations. Chicago: Privately printed, 1930 (revised 1959).
Babson, John J. History of the Town of Gloucester, Cape Ann. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1972.
Cape Ann Historical Associate. Scrapbook 11 (entitled “Buildings and Houses”): typed manuscript (n.d. or author) entitled “The Babson-Alling House;” Scrapbook, #43 (entitled “Scrap Book A; Old Houses and Landmarks and Obits.”) p. 64, 67, 86
Cape Ann Historical Associate, Vertical Vile: “Susan Babson;” Vertical File: “Allen-Low Deeds and Papers 1664-1729″
Cape Ann Historical Associate, typed manuscript referenced as from Elizabeth Alling, “History of CAHA & Babson Alling House,” with Caroline Benham and J.B. Garland <sic>, 3/24/76
Essex County Registry of Deeds: B. 113, P.150; B.139, P.54; B.679, P.232; et al.
Finney-MacDougal, Catherine. The Babson Genealogy 1637-1977. Watertown, Mass.: Eaton Press, 1978.
Gloucester Daily Times, 15 September 1947, obituary of Miss Susan Babson.
Mass. Historical Commission. Inventory of the Historic Assets of the Commonwealth.
Hilbert & Woofdord. Gloucester Narrative. 1985. Vital Records to 1849.
Whitehead, Russell F. editor. The Monograph Series; Records; of Early American Architecture As Source Material. Volume XX, Monographs Four and Five: “The Later Dwelling Architecture of Cape Ann, Parts I and II,” August and October 1934.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Gloucester, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts
References
Houses completed in 1740
Houses in Gloucester, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts
1740 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay
Georgian architecture in Massachusetts |
The Imperial Quarter of Metz is a district of the city of Metz, in the région of Grand-Est, in eastern France, initially built between 1902 and 1914 by the government of the ruling German Wilhelmine Empire, during the period of annexation of Alsace-Lorraine. Originally named "Neue Stadt" (literally "new city"), it is today divided between the administrative district of New Ville and Metz-Centre.
It is principally represented by the "Imperial Triangle," delineated by the area in between the water tower of the main railway station, St. Therese's Church, and the Serpenoise Gate. But the district extends beyond this core to include other edifices of the same period, such as the Governor's Palace, situated on the Place Giraud, behind the Serpenoise Gate.
Aside from the more important Neustadt district of Strasbourg, the Imperial Quarter of Metz contains the most complete and best-preserved examples of urbanism under the German Empire. In Germany itself, the comparable districts of such cities often suffered the bombardment by Allied forces in the Second World War. The Imperial Quarter is remarkable for the multiplicity of architectural styles represented, despite the voluntary Germanization assumed by the city.
History
Up until the beginning of the twentieth century, the district was generally referred to as the Neue Stadt ("New City"), an area where the German authorities had decided to build a new extension south of the historic center of Metz. The enlargement of the city used the land ceded by the military garrison thanks to the removal of the old medieval city walls by order of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1898, but most of the development only gathered steam starting in 1902. The moniker "New City" was reborn after the French regained control of Metz in 1918 in the name of the administrative district "Nouvelle Ville."
This urbanization project proceeded under the guise of the modernization of the city of Metz, but equally under a marked desire of Wilhelm's government to Germanize the city. Metz essentially had existed as a city characterized by a French building tradition since the Middle Ages, and despite its inclusion within the boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire, the use of High Gothic architecture was evident in monuments such as the cathedral, which was less Germanic in character than the Cathedral of Strasbourg. Wilhelm II hoped to give the Metz a much more Germanic identity, breaking with the policies instituted under the reign of his grandfather Wilhelm I, wherein stylistic continuity in architecture had generally been respected.
The urban guidelines of 1903 instituted a different status to the north side of the "ring" of open land that was opened up with the demolition of the old ramparts. It stipulated that this area should consist of houses encircles by gardens, having a maximum height of three floors, in order to soften the transition between the older buildings of the city center and the new, taller apartment houses that would populate the areas to the south. The villas on what is today known as the Avenue Foch in Metz exude this kind of neat and tidy character, reflecting the traditions of the period, and use a diverse, usually historicist, set of styles.
Urbanism and General Morphology
The Imperial Quarter of Metz is distinguished by broader streets in a ring of urban development loosely defined by its main artery, the Avenue Foch. It is bordered to the north by the old city and to the south by the train lines and yards that form a man-made barrier. In keeping with the general tenets of Haussmannian nineteenth-century urban development, the Imperial Quarter is split up with regularity by large spaces such as public squares and isolated edifices that are distinguished from their neighbors by their style or their verdant surroundings. Thus, despite the dominating presence of rows of apartment buildings, certain parts of the district, such as the Vacquinière, to the southwest, neighboring the city of Montigny-lès-Metz, are composed entirely of mansions. The army installations, which predate the urban development of this area, are equally concentrated to the northwest.
The general organization of the space hinges on two main plazas, the Place Raymond-Mondon (formerly the Place Impériale), and the Place du Général-de-Gaulle, which forms the large forecourt to the main railway station, accessed from the rue Gambetta. When it was known as the Place Impériale, the Place Raymond-Mondon symbolized otherwise the associated powers of the Kaiser (an equestrian statue of whom, located there, was overturned in 1918 by the French). These included financial power, symbolized by the Imperial Bank; the corporate powers of the Chamber of Commerce; military power through the view of the Prince-Frederick-Charles army barracks; and the religious power with a church, whose construction was canceled due to the First World War. This plaza also constituted the junction between the new city and the old districts, as indicated by the preservation of the medieval Tour Camoufle, part of the old city walls.
Architecture
The district is home to a remarkable diversity of architecture. It served, in effect, as a stylistic laboratory for the German architects in the city during the Second Reich. Historicist styles characterize the majority of the buildings, but respond often to the desire of the Imperial state to Germanize the city, which meant that many buildings use architectural styles that recall the German Middle Ages. In turn, the parts of the district constructed during the interwar period (1919–1939) retain the trend of continuing modernization of the city, but in a way that recalls its French heritage.
The period of urbanization during the 1900s and 1910s often revives architectural terms such as Rhenish-Romanesque-revival for Metz's railway station and the main post office, or Flemish-Renaissance-revival for the Governor's Palace. Everywhere one notes a multiplicity of styles in the architecture of private buildings of the era, a development easily visible in the eclectic composition of structures on the Avenue Foch, mixing a kind of Neoclassical rigor with elements of Art Nouveau or traditional Alsatian residences. On the other hand, certain francophile architects maintained their symbolic opposition to the newly entrenched German regime through their preference for neoclassical, Haussmannian apartment buildings. Still others were inspired by currents such as the Vienna Secession, manifest in the so-called Crystal Palace, whose façade was only rediscovered in the 1960s.
The architectural decoration is equally distinctive for its variety of colors, dominated by the grey and pink of buildings constructed of sandstone and the yellow of those constructed out of the pierre de Jaumont, a type of local limestone.
The interwar period, when Metz reverted to French rule, was marked by a "revanchist" architecture, wherein one finds the large-scale use of Haussmannian Neoclassicism and a Baroque revival. These styles harmonize well with the heavy Neoclassicism characteristic of French architecture during the Belle Époque of roughly 1890–1914. These remain, however, less ostentatious overall than the German constructions throughout the rest of the district, out of respect in planning strategies for historic structures, as codified in an ordinance of the city of Metz between 1911 and 1939. In the 1930s, modern architecture also brought the implantation of Art Deco, already in full bloom elsewhere around the world.
Recognition
Even though it is depicted in postcards of Metz from the early twentieth century, the Imperial Quarter was not well-appreciated by Messins of the interwar period. They instead favored the nationalism of the Lorraine native Maurice Barrès, who castigated the architecture of Metz's railway station (which had been designed by the Berlin architect Jürgen Kröger and built between 1905 and 1908): "One welcomes the dignified ambition of a cathedral, but this is only tortuous, an immense paté of meat."
However, starting in the 1980s the Imperial Quarter gained new favor with both local officials and residents. Several campaigns for the renovation and refurbishment of the architectural patrimony of the district began, such as the cleaning of building façades, most notably those of the train station, which had blackened over the years. By 2014, the remaining restorations to take place encompassed a much smaller scale, such as those to the façade of the former Hôtel du Globe, on the Place du Général de Gaulle, facing the train station.
The district was nominated by the city for inscription by UNESCO onto its list of World Heritage Sites in June 2007 due to several features of original urban planning and architectural character:
The variety of architectural styles, from Romanesque revival to Jugendstil (Art Nouveau), by way of the Baroque
The variety of colored stone used in construction, such as the pierre de Jaumont, a yellow stone; pink sandstone; or white stone.
When its candidacy was rejected, a new dossier was prepared in 2009 by the office of the mayor of Metz. This new application dubbed the district "Metz Royal and Imperial," thereby putting the emphasis on the double urban identity of the city, playing on the opposition and complementary nature between the "royal" old city around the cathedral (developed under the French monarchy of the ancien régime before 1789), and the Imperial Quarter developed under the Wilhelmine Empire. It thus showed the transformation of urban space from an older, clustered, topographically-oriented and organically-developed medieval city to the newer, rationally-planned, transportation-oriented and distinctly zoned sectors of the enlarged urban area. One month and a half after its submission to the French Committee for Worldwide Patrimony, the body approved its inscription to the list of French World Heritage Sites of UNESCO, later ratified by the Ministry of Culture and Communication. In April 2014, the internet site for UNESCO added the candidacy of Metz to its page for France.
Landmarks and Important Buildings
The Ring
Constructed in the wake of the demolition of the old city walls in 1902, the urban Ring of Metz begins at the Boulevard Paixhans/Boulevard du Pontiffroy, to the north of the historic city center, and enters the Imperial Quarter via the Avenue Jean XXIII and the Place Mazelle. Its southern side is dominated by the rail yards approaching the main railway station. Nearby here are situated:
The Grand (Catholic) Seminary of Metz, dominated by its Chapel of St Charles Borromeo (1907)
The railway station water tower (1908)
The avenue Foch, notable for its green space and central walking path, features several private mansions at its west entrance:
Villa Bleyler (no. 14), Baroque-revival, punctuated by Art Nouveau, designed by Ludwig Becker, 1904–1906
Villa Wildenberger (no. 16), Art Nouveau decoration, designed by Karl Griebel, 1903
Villa Wahn (no. 18), Renaissance-revival, designed by Conrad Wahn, 1903
Villa Linden (no. 20), Renaissance-revival, designed by Scheden, 1905
Villa Burger, also known as Villa Salomon (no. 22) rural vernacular with wood paneling, designed by Eduard-Hermann Heppe, 1904
Villa Lentz (no. 24), Neoclassical, designed by Jules-Geoffroy Berninger et Gustave Kraft, 1904
The avenue also includes some other impressive buildings:
The Hôtel Royal, Rhenish-Renaissance-revival, 1905
The Hôtel des Mines, also called the Hôtel Terminus, Renaissance-revival, 1906
The General Treasury of Moselle, formerly the Bank of Luxembourg, Neoclassical
The Place Raymond-Mondon, built when the Imperial Quarter was laid out in 1902, was formerly the Place Impériale. In its center was an equestrian statue of Friedrich III of Germany, which the citizens of Metz toppled and destroyed in 1918. Around it, one will find:
The Hôtel Foch, Baroque Revival, 1907
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Moselle, no. 10-12 Avenue Foch, also constructed in pink sandstone as the Imperial Bank, a symbol of financial power, designed by Robert Curjel and Karl Moser, 1907
The Hôtel des Arts et Métiers, no. 1-3 Avenue Foch, Flemish Renaissance-revival structure also of pink sandstone, built as the Chamber of Commerce, a symbol of German corporatist power, designed by Gustave Oberthür and Ernst Priedat, 1909
The Tour Camoufle, in its eponymous square on the Avenue Foch, one of the last vestiges of the medieval walls of the city
The Avenue Joffre shows much more sobriety with one side including German buildings that are relatively austere, facing a set of French Haussmannian structures on the other side, leading up to the spot where Wilhelm II wanted to erect his church. The part of the avenue adjacent to the demolished walls—those dating from the Renaissance to the north and those built by Marshal Sébastien Vauban during the reign of Louis XIV to the south—is today an access ramp for the autoroute A31. Formerly a tree-lined avenue, this highway is marked at the north by the presence of the Square Gallieni and the gardens of the Governor's Palace. There, overlooking the Place Raymond-Mondon, are:
The Rhenish Bank, with minimalist/geometric decoration inspired by the Vienna Secession, 1907
A heavily Neoclassical-inspired apartment block ("Revanchist Haussmanianism"), 1925
And along the highway:
The military barracks Barbot and de Lattre de Tassigny, located on the site of Vauban's bastion of the 17th century, built 1890–93
The Serpenoise Gate, a triumphal arch whose current form dates from 1903; it was reconstructed (from an earlier version) in 1852 and enlarged in 1892
The Monument to the Fallen by Paul Niclausse, Art Deco, from 1935
Monuments and Sites of Interest
Metz-Ville railway station (Gare de Metz), the water tower, and the passage to the Amphitheater, designed by Jürgen Kröger, 1905–08
Main post office, designed by Kröger and Ludwig Bettcher, 1905–11
Arcades of the rue Gambetta (along the Hôtel des Arts & Métiers) and the Crystal Palace (whose façade is hidden, however)
Old Metz railway station, 1878, on the place du Roi-George (formerly the place de la Gare); it replaced the initial train station, built in 1852 and destroyed by fire in 1872)
Art Deco building at the corner of the rues Henry-Maret and Pasteur
The Beer Hall, 1906, at no. 1 avenue Leclerc-de-Hautecloque, built in a regionalist German style, and no. 3, a Gothic-revival building dedicated to wine
The Kaiser Wilhelm House, on the rue Mozart, Baroque-revival, 1903
The Salle Braun and the Foyer Mozart, formerly the Protestant publishing house, 1907
The Hôpital Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours, 1914, before 1919 named the Hôpital Sainte-Marie
The former ceramics shop and studio of Villeroy & Boch, Art Nouveau
Villas along the boulevard Clemenceau
Educational facilities
The expansion of Metz during the period of German rule also prompted the construction of various other educational institutions across the city. The Germanization of the architecture of schools is evident in the old Ecole de la Place de la Grève de Metz (Sandplatzschule), today the Ecole de Saint-Eucaire; the Ecole communale des filles de la rue de Chèvre (Madchenschule in der Ziegenstrasse); at the Ecole de la rue Paixhans (Volksschule in der Paixhansstrasse); and even in the Ecole normale d'Instituteurs (Lehrerseminar), a teacher's college. Two such institutions specifically within the Imperial Quarter were built during this period:
The Ecole supérieure de jeunes filles (Höhere Mädchenschule), on the Place de Maud'huy, now the lycée (high school) Georges-de-la-Tour, built 1906–10 and enlarged in 1930
The Ecole pratique supérieure de Metz (Oberrealschule), today the lycée Louis-Vincent, built 1913–16 with an expansion in 1933
More recently, the campus complex Georges-de-la-Tour—comprising both a collège (middle school), and the lycée (high school), has enlarged the site at the Place de Maud'huy, formerly that of the Barbot military barracks.
Military Installations
The barracks of Prince Frederick Carl, 1890; later renamed de Lattre de Tassigny and Barbot, the latter now part of the George-de-la-Tour campus
The Governor's Palace, 1902–05
The General Staff's residence, the former Palais de l'Intendance, on the Boulevard Clemenceau, Baroque-revival
Religious Buildings
Chapel of St. Charles Borromeo, at the Main Seminary, 1907–08
Church of St. Therese of the Infant Jesus, 1954
Plazas, Gardens, and Green Spaces
Place Raymond-Mondon
Place du Général-Mangin
Place du Général-de-Gaulle
Place du Roi-George
Allée verte de l'Avenue Foch
Jardin des Cinq Sens (in the Main Seminary)
Place Saint-Thiébault
Square Camoufle
Square Gallieni
Square Giraud and the gardens of the Governor's Palace
Place de Maud'huy
Square Jean-Pierre-Jean
See also
References
Architecture in France
Metz |
"Not with a Bang" is a science fiction short story by American writer Damon Knight. It first appeared in the winter 1949 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and has been reprinted a number of times, including in Far Out (1961), The Best of Damon Knight (1976), 50 Short Science Fiction Tales, and The Eureka Years (1982).
Synopsis
The story is an ironic, Adam-and-Eve tale. Humanity has been wiped out by a nuclear war, except for one man and woman, who meet in a restaurant in Salt Lake City. The man suffers from a disease that causes recurrent episodes of total paralysis. While in the bathroom, he has an attack, and dies with the realization that the woman is too prudish to enter and save him.
Background
Knight has written that this was the first of his stories that he considered to be of professional quality. He said that the idea for the story
came to me during the time it took for a men's-room door to close behind me in a Swedish restaurant in New York. I didn't have the characters or the setting, but I had the whole structure; all I needed was to find parts that fit.
References
External links
1949 short stories
Science fiction short stories
Works originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
Short stories by Damon Knight |
Once Upon a Time is a 1918 British silent romance film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Lauri de Frece, Manora Thew and Dorothy Minto. The screenplay concerns a love affair that develops between a comedian and a clown's daughter.
Premise
Over the years a love affair slowly develops between a comedian and a clown's daughter.
Cast
Lauri de Frece as Sam Dunn
Manora Thew as Sally Drury
Dorothy Minto as Lottie Price
Nelson Keys as Harry Gwynne
Joan Legge as Mary Gwynne
A. E. Matthews as Guy Travers
Noel Fisher as Eustace Travers
Frederick Volpe as Mr. Goodheart
Charles Macdona as Dr. Brown
Adelaide Grace as Mrs. Gwynne
Jeff Barlow as Ned Drury
Kenelm Foss as Charles Dickens
Bibliography
Low, Rachael. History of the British Film, 1914-1918. Routledge, 2005.
External links
1918 films
1918 romantic drama films
British romantic drama films
1910s English-language films
Films directed by Thomas Bentley
British silent feature films
British black-and-white films
1910s British films
Silent romantic drama films |
The Sangita Narayana (IAST: 'Sangīta Nārāyana') is a 17th-century musical treatise belonging to the tradition of Odissi music (a genre of classical music in India), written by musician Kabiratna Purusottama Misra and attributed to Gajapati Sarbagya Jagannatha Narayana Deva of Paralakhemundi. It is one of the most important musical treatises discovered from Odisha and is one of the fundamental texts followed in Odissi music till date. The treatise was first published by the Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi in 1966, followed by a critical edition published by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts in 2009. Manuscripts of the work are found across India, indicating its national circulation. In 1987, Jonathan Katz in his D. Phil. thesis extensively analysed the musicological portions of the Sangitanarayana.
Author
Purusottama Misra hailed from a family of musicians and litterateurs. He is known to have composed another musical treatise by the name of Talasangraha, which is unavailable. In the Sangita Narayana, several older treatises are cited, including Vishnu Purana, Narada Samhita, Shiva Samhita, Parshurama Samhita, Brihaddeshi, Kohaliyam, Sangita Ratnakara, Panchamasara Samhita, Sangita Ratnamala, Sangita Damodara, Sangita Kaumudi, Gita Prakasa among others. The work is dated to 1646-50 AD by Dr. Mamata Mishra based on comparative study with the work of the Narayana Misra's Sangita Sarani, Narayana being the son of Purusottama. Prof. Mandakranta Bose too dates it to the 17th century.
The patron of the work Gajapati Jagannatha Narayana Deva was the erstwhile ruler of Paralakhemundi, one of the largest and most powerful kingdoms in ancient Odisha. The king identifies himself as a disciple of Kabiratna Purusottama Misra in a graceful tribute to his Guru.
Contents
The text deals with the conventional trio of gita, vadya, nrtya that form sangita and it does so in exemplary detail. The example songs given to illustrate points are mostly dedicated to Gajapati Narayana Deva. Like most Odia authors, Misra begins his treatise with a customary invocation to Jagannatha, the venerable deity of Odisha.
He cites certain musicologists preceding him, like Harinayaka, author of Sangitasara and Krusnadasa Badajena Mahapatra, author of Gita Prakasa.
The ragas described in the Sangita Narayana are Sri, Natta, Karnāta, Rebagupta, Basanta, Bhairaba, Bangāla, Soma, Āmrapanchama, Kāmoda, Megha, Drābidagouda, Turaska Gouda, Barādi, Drabida Barādi, Desi Barādi, Suddha Barādi, Gujjari, Sourastra Gujjari, Dakhina Gujjari, Todi, Mālabasri, Saindhabi, Debakiri, Rāmakiri, Prathama Manjari, Nattā, Belābali, Goudi, Gouda, Nāta, Ghantāraba, Nata Nārāyana, Bhupati, Sankarābharana, Madhyamādi, Mallāra, Desapāla, Mālaba, Andolita (Hindola), Nagadhwani, Gundakiri, Khambhābati, Madhyamādi, Mallāra, Desapāla, Mālaba, Megharanji, Manju Kalyānikā, Chhāyātodi, Pratāpabelābali, Pourabi, Nattamallārika, Ballabi, Gouri, Saranga, Āsābari and Mukhābari. Most of these ragas continue to be popular in present-day Odissi music repertoires.
References
Read more
Sangita Narayana published by Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi, 1966. Edited by Pt Banambara Acharya, Kabichandra Dr. Kalicharan Patnaik and Pt Kedarnath Mahapatra.
Odissi music
Odia literature
Sanskrit texts
Odia culture |
The Peshawar Development Authority (, abbreviated as PDA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for providing municipal services in Peshawar. In 1975, the Greater Peshawar Metropolitan Authority (PMA) was created under Urban Planning Act 1975. In 1978 PMA was renamed as the Peshawar Development Authority (PDA).
Responsibilities and Services
The Peshawar Development Authority is the department in charge of construction in Peshawar. This includes roads, parks, and plant life. The authority has developed mega housing schemes like Hayatabad and Regi Model Town besides constructing almost all major and small roads of Peshawar District, including the 30-km-long GT-Jamrud Road and the 50-km-long Rind Road and all flyovers in the city.
The Peshawar Development Authority is the only self-sustaining government entity of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province that works under an independent and fully autonomous board under direct supervision of the chief minister as its chairperson and the director general of PDA as secretary to the board.
The Peshawar Development Authority has an active working strength of around 4,600 employees divided into 23 directorates with geographic spread to the entire Peshawar Division including the districts of Peshawar, Charsadda, and Nowshera and with operational spheres starting from roads and buildings constructions to horticulture, parks development, street lighting, sanitation services, fire-fighting to security and town planning and development. The authority is headed by the director general.
References
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Urban development authorities
Hayatabad |
CSL Vifor is a global specialty pharmaceuticals company in the treatment areas of iron deficiency, dialysis, nephrology & rare disease. It is headquartered in Switzerland and consists of CSL Vifor, Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma (VFMCRP) and Sanifit Therapeutics.
History
In 1872, Caspar Friedrich Hausmann founds a pharmacy in St. Gallen
In 1927, 16 pharmacists establish a joint purchasing centre, Collaboration Pharmaceutique SA, which went on to be renamed Galenica AG in 1933 (later to be renamed Vifor Pharma Ltd. in 2017)
In 1944, The pharmacist René Grosclaude founds Vifor Ltd; the company produces over-the-counter medicines
In 1983, Hausmann AG laboratories is acquired by Galenica
In 1991, Vifor (International) Ltd. is founded and takes over the work of Laboratorien Hausmann in developing new iron products
In 2008, Vifor Pharma is founded following the $915 million acquisition of a Canadian company, Aspreva Pharmaceutical Corporation, Vifor Ltd. and Vifor (international) Ltd. are integrated in Vifor Pharma.
In 2009, Galenica acquires OM Pharma, a Swiss biotechnology company
In 2010, Vifor Pharma Group and Fresenius Medical Care found the joint company Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma (VFMCRP)
In 2014, Galenica is divided into two divisions, Vifor Pharma and Galenica Santé
In 2016, Relypsa, a US based biotechnology company, is purchased for $1.53 billion
In 2017, the IPO of Galenica Santé (GALE) is completed and listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange. Galenica AG (GALE) and Vifor Pharma AG (VIFN) are listed as independent entities since
In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration FDA approved a Supplemental New Drug Application for the potassium binder Veltassa with or without food
In 2019, Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma (VFMCRP) received the Swiss Success Award from the non-profit organisation Swiss Biotech Association
In 2020, Vifor Pharma sells 100% of OM Pharma to Optimus Holding Limited for CHF 435 million
In 2020, Vifor Pharma also forms a Joint Venture agreement with Fresenius Kabi for the market in the People's Republic of China in the area of intravenous iron deficiency treatments
In the same year, a deal with Cara Therapeutics for the commercialisation of Difelikefalin to treat CKD-aP patients has been signed.
In 2021 Vifor Pharma concluded a licensing agreement for the commercialisation of Sparsentan in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.
In the same year, Tavneos was approved in the US, Japan and the EU. Korsuva / Kapruvia reached approval in the United States and the EU.
In November 2021, Vifor Pharma Group acquired Sanifit with its novel inhibitor of vascular calcification SNF472 for the treatment of calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with end-stage kidney disease. On the same day, Vifor announced the acquisition of Swiss-based Inositec who develops treatments for soft tissue and vascular calcification disorders and aortic valve stenosis (AVS).
In December 2021 CSL Limited announced it would acquire Vifor Pharma for CHF 10.9 billion (US$11.7 billion). The capital raising is considered one of the ten largest secondary-market deals worldwide in 2021.
In August 2022 the acquisition of Vifor Pharma by Australian company CSL was completed. Vifor Pharma became CSL Vifor.
Activity
CSL Vifor is active in the treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. The Group also has a focus on the management of conditions in nephrology, cardiology and rare diseases. Iron deficiency treatments Ferinject and Injectafer were accountable for more than a third of its revenues in 2021.
The dialysis segment with the Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents Mircera (Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) and Retacrit (Epoetin alfa-epbx) as well as the phosphate binder Velphoro (Sucroferric oxyhydroxide) has a similarly high turnover as the iron deficiency area, which also includes the orally administered treatment Maltofer (iron polymaltose). The potassium binder Veltassa (Patiromer) is the most selling treatment in the nephrology segment.
CSL Vifor is a member of a number of trade associations that advocate on behalf of the pharmaceutical industry and for the policy positions commonly shared, this includes the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). CSL Vifor has formed collaborations with pharmaceutical companies like American Regent, Roche, Fresenius Medical Care, Fresenius Kabi and Pfizer. It has also partnered with biotechs such as Akebia, Angion Biomedica, Cara Therapeutics, ChemoCentryx and Travere Therapeutics.
Structure and operations
CSL Vifor is present in North and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific and is active in over 100 countries all around the world. R&D sites of the group are located in Switzerland. The company is headquartered in St. Gallen where its core manufacturing capabilities on active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production of its iron therapies are concentrated. The operational headquarters for sales, marketing, medicine and registration are located in Glattbrugg. CSL Vifor maintains a research site on iron deficiency in the Bio-Technopark in Schlieren. The Zurich-based subsidiary Inositec is an ETH spin-off. Sanifit Therapeutics is based in Palma de Mallorca. In China, Vifor Fresenius Kabi is among the top 10 multinational pharmaceutical companies as a market leader in clinical nutrition, anesthesia and nephrology.
CSL Vifor develops, manufactures and markets pharmaceutical products. The Group's businesses include CSL Vifor, focused on iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia, and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma, focused on kidney disease patients, including anaemia, mineral and bone management, cardio-renal conditions, and rare diseases. The second joint company of CSL Vifor with Fresenius is Vifor Fresenius Kabi focusing on marketing iron deficiency drugs in China. CSL Vifor includes also Sanifit Therapeutics from Spain active in the field of calcification disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephtera is a joint venture with Evotec to build a nephrology therapeutic pipeline.
Therapeutic areas
Iron deficiency is a condition in which iron availability is insufficient to meet body needs. It affects one out of three women of reproductive age worldwide. CSL Vifors first treatment in this area dates back to the pioneering work of pharmacist Caspar Friedrich Hausmann in 1872 in St. Gallen. Iron-deficiency anemia, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic heart failure (CHF) and patient blood management (PBM) are conditions treated by iron-based products of CSL Vifor.
Besides Iron, the Swiss company focusses on the therapeutic areas Dialysis, Nephrology and Rare Diseases. Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma (VFMCRP), the joint company with Fresenius Medical Care since 2010, gives CSL Vifor access to a network of dialysis centers. It is active in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, renal anemia and hyperphosphatemia.
In the therapeutic area nephrology and rare disease, CSL Vifor specializes on hyperkalemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, ANCA-associated vasculitis, beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease, CKD-associated peripheral artery disease and aortic valve stenosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy and cardiac surgery-associated Acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI).
Products and in-Licensing
Apart from its own manufactured iron products, CSL Vifor enters partnerships and is in-licensing products at an advanced stage of development additionally to its own research and development (R&D). CSL Vifor has concluded cooperation and licensing agreements with both large pharmaceutical companies and smaller biotech companies.
Commercialized Products
Ferinject/Injectafer (Ferric carboxymaltose)
Maltofer (Iron polymaltose)
Mircera (Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) (in-licensed from Roche)
Veltassa (Patiromer)
Velphoro (Sucroferric oxyhydroxide)
Venofer (Iron sucrose)
Retacrit (Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent) (in-licensed from Pfizer)
Pipeline products
Korsuva (Difelikefalin) (in-licensed from Cara Therapeutics)
INS-3001
Rayaldee (Calcifediol) (in-licensed from OPKO Health)
Sparsentan (in-licensed from Travere Therapeutics)
SNF472
Tavneos (Avacopan) (in-licensed from ChemoCentryx Inc.)
Vadadustat (in-licensed from Akebia Therapeutics)
Vamifeport (developed by CSL Vifor)
References
External links
Swiss brands
Pharmaceutical companies of Switzerland
Companies based in St. Gallen (city)
Chemical companies of Switzerland
Companies listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange
Swiss companies established in 1927
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1927 |
Deep Space: Operation Copernicus is a 1987 video game published by Sir-Tech Software.
Gameplay
Deep Space: Operation Copernicus is a game in which the player must use a Katani class ship to eliminate Andromedan warships that have invaded United Planets territory.
Reception
David M. Wilson reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "If the game's slow pacing doesn't put the player off initially, the game will give players a competitive run for their money and much potential 'bang for the buck' as the game progresses".
Reviews
Info
References
1987 video games
Apple II games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Sir-Tech games
Space combat simulators
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in outer space |
The 1953 New South Wales Rugby Football League season was the forty-sixth season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across the city competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a final between South Sydney and St. George.
Teams
Ladder
Finals
Chart
Final
To win the 1953 premiership St George would need to beat minor premiers Souths in both a final and a Grand final, emulating the feats of the Dragons of 1949 from which team only Noel Pidding was still playing. A crowd of 44,581 were at the Sydney Cricket Ground to see the first phase of this attempt.
Souths opened the scoring with a penalty goal in the ninth minute kicked by Clive Churchill from 40 yards. The Dragons threatened Souths' line continuously in the next stanza but bombed three tries and then lost some momentum in the 14 minutes before half-time during the absence of centre Merv Lees while he was off the field having stitches to his lip after driving a tooth through it. Souths scored 13 points in this period. Ian Moir capitalised on a spillage of the ball by Pidding behind his own line after a heavy tackle, Churchill then featured when he firstly sent Threlfo in and then set up Moir for his second try. The score at half time was 15–0.
Early in the second half Pidding kicked a penalty and a few minutes later Wilson and Gallagher were sent off for fighting. With Wilson gone Rabbitoh hard-men Rayner and Donoghue then took control and four Souths tries flowed to Woolfe, Dougherty, Hammerton and Moir’s third. Two late Dragons’ tries to Brown and Lees made no difference and South Sydney powered to their fourteenth premiership.
South Sydney Rabbitohs 31
Tries: Moir (3), Woolfe, Threlfo, Dougherty, Hammerton
Goals: Dougherty (4), Churchill (1)
St George Dragons 12
Tries: Lees, Brown
Goals: Pidding (3)
Player statistics
The following statistics are as of the conclusion of Round 18.
Top 5 point scorers
Top 5 try scorers
Top 5 goal scorers
References
External links
The World of Rugby League
Haddan, Steve [2007] The finals – 100 Years of National Rugby League Finals, Steve Haddan Publishing, Brisbane
New South Wales Rugby League premiership
Nswrfl Season |
is the 23rd single by the Japanese pop singer and songwriter Miho Komatsu released under Giza studio label. It was released 20 October 2004. The single reached #29 and sold 5,204 copies. It charted for 3 weeks and sold 6,856 copies overall.
Track list
All songs are written and composed by Miho Komatsu
arrangement: Hirohito Furui (Garnet Crow)
it was used as theme song for the NTV show Music Fighter
arrangement: Hiroshi Asai (The Tambourines)
"sun and moon"
arrangement: Hitoshi Okamoto (Garnet Crow)
(instrumental)
References
2004 singles
Miho Komatsu songs
Songs written by Miho Komatsu
2004 songs
Giza Studio singles
Being Inc. singles
Song recordings produced by Daiko Nagato |
Mike Scotti is a former U.S. Marine and author of The Blue Cascade: A Memoir of Life After War (Hachette/Grand Central). He is the subject, narrator and co-producer of the documentary film Severe Clear (released outside the U.S. as 'This is War). The film uses his personal combat footage to chronicle his time in Iraq.
Career
Scotti held the rank of First Lieutenant in Marine Corps Bravo Company, 1st Battalion 4th Marines.
Mike Scotti has appeared on various programs, including "Last Call" with Carson Daly. He is a recipient of the Fort Lee Film Commission’s Lewis J. Selznick Award for filmmaking, and he has also been a storyteller with NPR’s The Moth Mainstage.
His 2009 documentary film, Severe Clear, was directed by American documentary maker Kristian Fraga, starring and using footage shot by Scotti. The film explores the Marine drive to Baghdad during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Severe Clear achieved a Special Mention for Cinematic Excellence at the 2009 International Rome Film Festival. The film also received the Jury Prize at the Salem Film Fest.
References
American non-fiction writers
American filmmakers
United States Marine Corps officers
American male non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Prostanthera palustris, commonly known as swamp mint-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is a low, spreading, weak shrub with spatula-shaped leaves and pale mauve and white flowers with yellow spots in the petal tube.
Description
Prostanthera palustris is a low, spreading, weak shrub that typically grows to a height of , is not aromatic, and has branches with two longitudinal ridges. The leaves are dull green above, paler below, spatula-shaped, long and wide on a petiole about long. The flowers are arranged in groups of four to ten in upper leaf axils on pedicels long. The sepals are light green and form a tube long with two lobes, the lower lobe long and the upper lobe long. The petals are pale mauve and white with yellow dots inside, long forming a tube long with two lips. The central lobe of the lower lip is long and wide and the side lobes are about long and wide. The upper lip is about long and wide. Flowering mainly occurs from February to June.
Taxonomy
Prostanthera palustris was first formally described in 1997 by Barry Conn in the journal Telopea from material collected in Bundjalung National Park in 1990.
Distribution and habitat
Swamp mint-bush grows in wet coastal shrubland and heathland in the Jerusalem Creek area of Bundjalung National Park.
Conservation status
This mintbush is classified as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The main threats to the species include inappropriate fire regimes, trampling and vegetation clearance.
References
palustris
Flora of New South Wales
Lamiales of Australia
Plants described in 1997
Taxa named by Barry John Conn |
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<p class='location'>Struct InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</p><div class="sidebar-elems"><div class="block items"><a class="sidebar-title" href="#fields">Fields</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#structfield.overlay">overlay</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#methods">Methods</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#method.from_cache">from_cache</a><a href="#method.register_forward">register_forward</a><a href="#method.register_reverse">register_reverse</a><a href="#method.register">register</a><a href="#method.unregister">unregister</a><a href="#method.unregister_all">unregister_all</a><a href="#method.values_pairs">values_pairs</a><a href="#method.value_pairs">value_pairs</a><a href="#method.commit_to">commit_to</a><a href="#method.transact_watcher">transact_watcher</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#implementations">Trait Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Debug">Debug</a><a href="#impl-Default">Default</a><a href="#impl-UpdateableCache%3CDbError%3E">UpdateableCache<DbError></a><a href="#impl-CachedAttributes">CachedAttributes</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Send">Send</a><a href="#impl-Sync">Sync</a></div></div><p class='location'><a href='../index.html'>mentat_db</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>cache</a></p><script>window.sidebarCurrent = {name: 'InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache', ty: 'struct', relpath: ''};</script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script></div>
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<section id='main' class="content"><h1 class='fqn'><span class='in-band'>Struct <a href='../index.html'>mentat_db</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>cache</a>::<wbr><a class="struct" href=''>InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></span><span class='out-of-band'><span id='render-detail'>
<a id="toggle-all-docs" href="javascript:void(0)" title="collapse all docs">
[<span class='inner'>−</span>]
</a>
</span><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1339-1344' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></h1><div class="docblock type-decl"><pre class='rust struct'>pub struct InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache {
pub overlay: <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.AttributeCaches.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::AttributeCaches">AttributeCaches</a>,
// some fields omitted
}</pre></div><div class='docblock'><p>We maintain a diff on top of the <code>inner</code> -- existing -- cache.
That involves tracking unregisterings and registerings.</p>
</div><h2 id='fields' class='fields small-section-header'>
Fields<a href='#fields' class='anchor'></a></h2><span id="structfield.overlay" class="structfield small-section-header">
<a href="#structfield.overlay" class="anchor field"></a>
<span id="overlay.v" class='invisible'>
<code>overlay: <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.AttributeCaches.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::AttributeCaches">AttributeCaches</a></code>
</span></span>
<h2 id='methods' class='small-section-header'>
Methods<a href='#methods' class='anchor'></a>
</h2>
<h3 id='impl' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1346-1430' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.from_cache' class="method"><span id='from_cache.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.from_cache' class='fnname'>from_cache</a>(inner: <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.SQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::SQLiteAttributeCache">SQLiteAttributeCache</a>) -> <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1347-1355' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.register_forward' class="method"><span id='register_forward.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.register_forward' class='fnname'>register_forward</a><U>(<br> &mut self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> sqlite: &Connection, <br> attribute: U<br>) -> <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/errors/type.Result.html" title="type mentat_db::errors::Result">Result</a><<a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">()</a>> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>>, </span></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1357-1371' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.register_reverse' class="method"><span id='register_reverse.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.register_reverse' class='fnname'>register_reverse</a><U>(<br> &mut self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> sqlite: &Connection, <br> attribute: U<br>) -> <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/errors/type.Result.html" title="type mentat_db::errors::Result">Result</a><<a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">()</a>> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>>, </span></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1373-1387' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.register' class="method"><span id='register.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.register' class='fnname'>register</a><U>(<br> &mut self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> sqlite: &Connection, <br> attribute: U<br>) -> <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/errors/type.Result.html" title="type mentat_db::errors::Result">Result</a><<a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">()</a>> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>>, </span></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1389-1414' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.unregister' class="method"><span id='unregister.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.unregister' class='fnname'>unregister</a><U>(&mut self, attribute: U) <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>>, </span></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1417-1423' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.unregister_all' class="method"><span id='unregister_all.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.unregister_all' class='fnname'>unregister_all</a>(&mut self)</code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1425-1429' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4></div><h3 id='impl-1' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-1' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1534-1584' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.values_pairs' class="method"><span id='values_pairs.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.values_pairs' class='fnname'>values_pairs</a><U>(<br> &self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> attribute: U<br>) -> <a class="enum" href="path_to_url" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><&<a class="struct" href="path_to_url" title="struct alloc::btree::map::BTreeMap">BTreeMap</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <a class="struct" href="path_to_url" title="struct alloc::vec::Vec">Vec</a><<a class="enum" href="../../mentat_db/types/enum.TypedValue.html" title="enum mentat_db::types::TypedValue">TypedValue</a>>>> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>>, </span></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1536-1541' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Intended for use from tests.</p>
</div><h4 id='method.value_pairs' class="method"><span id='value_pairs.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.value_pairs' class='fnname'>value_pairs</a><U>(<br> &self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> attribute: U<br>) -> <a class="enum" href="path_to_url" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><&<a class="struct" href="path_to_url" title="struct alloc::btree::map::BTreeMap">BTreeMap</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <a class="enum" href="path_to_url" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><<a class="enum" href="../../mentat_db/types/enum.TypedValue.html" title="enum mentat_db::types::TypedValue">TypedValue</a>>>> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> U: <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>>, </span></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1544-1550' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Intended for use from tests.</p>
</div><h4 id='method.commit_to' class="method"><span id='commit_to.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.commit_to' class='fnname'>commit_to</a>(self, destination: &mut <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.SQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::SQLiteAttributeCache">SQLiteAttributeCache</a>)</code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1552-1583' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4></div><h3 id='impl-2' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-2' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1671-1675' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.transact_watcher' class="method"><span id='transact_watcher.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>pub fn <a href='#method.transact_watcher' class='fnname'>transact_watcher</a><'a>(&'a mut self) -> <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressCacheTransactWatcher.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressCacheTransactWatcher">InProgressCacheTransactWatcher</a><'a></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1672-1674' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4></div>
<h2 id='implementations' class='small-section-header'>
Trait Implementations<a href='#implementations' class='anchor'></a>
</h2>
<div id='implementations-list'>
<h3 id='impl-Debug' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-Debug' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1338' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.fmt' class="method"><span id='fmt.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='path_to_url#tymethod.fmt' class='fnname'>fmt</a>(&self, __arg_0: &mut <a class="struct" href="path_to_url" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>) -> <a class="type" href="path_to_url" title="type core::fmt::Result">Result</a></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1338' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="path_to_url#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-Default' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::default::Default">Default</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-Default' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1338' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.default' class="method"><span id='default.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='path_to_url#tymethod.default' class='fnname'>default</a>() -> <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1338' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Returns the "default value" for a type. <a href="path_to_url#tymethod.default">Read more</a></p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-UpdateableCache%3CDbError%3E' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="trait" href="../../mentat_core/cache/trait.UpdateableCache.html" title="trait mentat_core::cache::UpdateableCache">UpdateableCache</a><<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/errors/struct.DbError.html" title="struct mentat_db::errors::DbError">DbError</a>> for <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-UpdateableCache%3CDbError%3E' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1432-1437' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.update' class="method"><span id='update.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.UpdateableCache.html#tymethod.update' class='fnname'>update</a><I>(<br> &mut self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> retractions: I, <br> assertions: I<br>) -> <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/errors/type.Result.html" title="type mentat_db::errors::Result">Result</a><<a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">()</a>> <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br> I: <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::iter::iterator::Iterator">Iterator</a><Item = <a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">(</a><a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <a class="enum" href="../../mentat_db/types/enum.TypedValue.html" title="enum mentat_db::types::TypedValue">TypedValue</a><a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">)</a>>, </span></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1433-1436' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4></div><h3 id='impl-CachedAttributes' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="trait" href="../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html" title="trait mentat_core::cache::CachedAttributes">CachedAttributes</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-CachedAttributes' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1439-1532' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.get_values_for_entid' class="method"><span id='get_values_for_entid.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html#tymethod.get_values_for_entid' class='fnname'>get_values_for_entid</a>(<br> &self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> attribute: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <br> entid: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a><br>) -> <a class="enum" href="path_to_url" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><&<a class="struct" href="path_to_url" title="struct alloc::vec::Vec">Vec</a><<a class="enum" href="../../mentat_db/types/enum.TypedValue.html" title="enum mentat_db::types::TypedValue">TypedValue</a>>></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1440-1451' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.get_value_for_entid' class="method"><span id='get_value_for_entid.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html#tymethod.get_value_for_entid' class='fnname'>get_value_for_entid</a>(<br> &self, <br> schema: &<a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/types/struct.Schema.html" title="struct mentat_db::types::Schema">Schema</a>, <br> attribute: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <br> entid: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a><br>) -> <a class="enum" href="path_to_url" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><&<a class="enum" href="../../mentat_db/types/enum.TypedValue.html" title="enum mentat_db::types::TypedValue">TypedValue</a>></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1453-1465' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.is_attribute_cached_reverse' class="method"><span id='is_attribute_cached_reverse.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html#tymethod.is_attribute_cached_reverse' class='fnname'>is_attribute_cached_reverse</a>(&self, attribute: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>) -> <a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">bool</a></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1467-1471' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.is_attribute_cached_forward' class="method"><span id='is_attribute_cached_forward.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html#tymethod.is_attribute_cached_forward' class='fnname'>is_attribute_cached_forward</a>(&self, attribute: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>) -> <a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">bool</a></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1473-1477' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.has_cached_attributes' class="method"><span id='has_cached_attributes.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html#tymethod.has_cached_attributes' class='fnname'>has_cached_attributes</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">bool</a></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1479-1507' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.get_entids_for_value' class="method"><span id='get_entids_for_value.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html#tymethod.get_entids_for_value' class='fnname'>get_entids_for_value</a>(<br> &self, <br> attribute: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <br> value: &<a class="enum" href="../../mentat_db/types/enum.TypedValue.html" title="enum mentat_db::types::TypedValue">TypedValue</a><br>) -> <a class="enum" href="path_to_url" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><&<a class="struct" href="path_to_url" title="struct alloc::btree::set::BTreeSet">BTreeSet</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>>></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1509-1517' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><h4 id='method.get_entid_for_value' class="method"><span id='get_entid_for_value.v' class='invisible'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>fn <a href='../../mentat_core/cache/trait.CachedAttributes.html#tymethod.get_entid_for_value' class='fnname'>get_entid_for_value</a>(<br> &self, <br> attribute: <a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>, <br> value: &<a class="enum" href="../../mentat_db/types/enum.TypedValue.html" title="enum mentat_db::types::TypedValue">TypedValue</a><br>) -> <a class="enum" href="path_to_url" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><<a class="type" href="../../mentat_db/types/type.Entid.html" title="type mentat_db::types::Entid">Entid</a>></code></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'><div class='ghost'></div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/mentat_db/cache.rs.html#1519-1531' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Reverse lookup.</p>
</div></div></div>
<h2 id='synthetic-implementations' class='small-section-header'>
Auto Trait Implementations<a href='#synthetic-implementations' class='anchor'></a>
</h2>
<div id='synthetic-implementations-list'>
<h3 id='impl-Send' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-Send' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-Sync' class='impl'><span class='in-band'><table class='table-display'><tbody><tr><td><code>impl <a class="trait" href="path_to_url" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../mentat_db/cache/struct.InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache.html" title="struct mentat_db::cache::InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache">InProgressSQLiteAttributeCache</a></code><a href='#impl-Sync' class='anchor'></a></span></td><td><span class='out-of-band'></span></td></tr></tbody></table></h3><div class='impl-items'></div></div></section>
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Haywood Mall is a shopping mall in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. The mall is the largest in the state, with of retail space. The super-regional mall opened in 1980 at the intersection of Haywood Road and I-385/Golden Strip Freeway. Haywood's anchor stores are Belk (originally Belk Simpson), Dillard's, J. C. Penney, and Macy's (originally Rich's), with one vacant anchor last occupied by Sears.
History
Plans for Haywood Mall were first announced in 1978. Haywood Mall Associates, a joint venture of Cousins Properties and Monumental Properties announced that the mall would contain four anchor stores. The first three stores confirmed to be in the mall were J. C. Penney, Sears, and Rich's. At the time, both J. C. Penney and Sears had existing stores in Greenville, both of which would be closed in favor of the mall's stores, with the mall's targeted opening date being March 1980. The fourth anchor would be Belk-Simpson, who, similar to Sears and J. C. Penney, would relocate from a pre-existing store in downtown Greenville. In August 1979, Meyers-Arnold would also announce that they would be building a 20,000 square foot store at Haywood Mall, near the Sears.
Haywood Mall would open on July 30, 1980, with Belk-Simpson, Rich's, Sears, and J. C. Penney as anchors, as well as Meyers-Arnold as a junior anchor.
Meyers-Arnold would be bought and converted to Uptons in June 1987. However, Uptons would be short-lived, closing the Haywood Mall location on April 2, 1988. The vacant space would be reworked into a food court which opened in June 1989.
Dillard's would relocate their McAlister Square Mall location to Haywood Mall in 1995, resulting in the construction of a new wing leading to the new three-level store.
On February 6, 2020, Sears announced that it would be close its store in Haywood Mall. The store closed in April 2020.
References
External links
Official Site
Shopping malls established in 1980
Shopping malls in South Carolina
Simon Property Group
Buildings and structures in Greenville, South Carolina
Tourist attractions in Greenville, South Carolina
1980 establishments in South Carolina |
Hanna is a town in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 683 at the 2020 census. The town was started as a coal supply location for the Union Pacific Railroad. Much of the old town is built on top of the former workings of the Hanna No. 4 mine. On December 18, 1979, the Town of Hanna annexed the adjacent Town of Elmo. The population peaked at 2,288 in 1980 and has declined as local coal mines have ceased operation.
Geography
Hanna is located at (41.870928, -106.557297).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 683 people, 301 households, and 208 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 399 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.6% White, 0.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.
There were 301 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.9% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.
The median age in the town was 39.2 years. 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 17% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 841 people, 346 households, and 232 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 497 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.6% White, 0.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.
There were 346 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.9% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.
The median age in the town was 39.2 years. 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 17% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 873 people, 367 households, and 245 families living in the town. The population density was 426.9 people per square mile (165.2/km2). There were 514 housing units at an average density of 251.3 per square mile (97.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.53% White, 0.23% African American, 0.11% Asian, 1.60% from other races, and 2.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.50% of the population.
There were 367 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,364, and the median income for a family was $39,219. Males had a median income of $41,000 versus $22,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,062. About 18.4% of families and 20.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.6% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Public education in the town of Hanna is provided by Carbon County School District #2. Zoned campuses include Hanna Elementary School (grades K-6) and H.E.M. Junior/Senior High School (grades 7–12).
Hanna has a public library, a branch of the Carbon County Library System.
Government
Hanna runs off a Mayor/Council form of government. A council consisting of 4 elected members is head by the office of the Mayor. The current Mayor of Hanna is Jon Ostling who took office in January of 2023.
List of Former/Current Mayors
1. Zoda Furgason (Democrat)/ In office from 2003-2007
2. Rick Kinder (Democrat)/ In office from 2007-2011
3. Tony Poulos (Independent)/ In office from 2011-2019
4. Lois Buchanan (Republican)/ In office from 2019-2023
5. Jon Ostling (Democrat)/ In office from 2023-present
Mine accidents
In June 1903, at 10:30 a.m., an underground explosion occurred in the Hanna No.1 Colliery. The explosion was thought to have originated at the end of the stope, one and a half miles underground, blocking escape for the majority of workers. Of the 215 men on site, only 46 survived — the majority of victims being Finnish immigrants and black workers. The town's original grave site was far too small to handle such a large body count, and the town was forced to establish the Hanna Cemetery to bury the bodies, three miles (5 km) outside of the town. A later disaster at Mine No. 1 occurred on March 28, 1908.
See also
List of municipalities in Wyoming
References
External links
Hanna Headlight - Hanna information
http://www.interment.net/data/us/wy/carbon/hanna/hanna.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20101202235758/http://usmra.com/saxsewell/hanna1.htm
Towns in Carbon County, Wyoming
Towns in Wyoming
Coal towns in Wyoming |
"Beim ersten Mal tut's immer weh" (German for The first time always hurts) is a song by German industrial metal band Oomph!. It was released in 2008, as the second single from their album Monster. The song was used as a promo single for the album.
Music video
The video is based on the controversial 2005 indie film Hard Candy. A censored version of the video was first released on 14 July 2008 through the video hosting service MyVideo. An uncensored version became available on the band's website via an online game ("Labyrinth") that promoted the release of the album Monster.
The video depicts a 15-year-old girl nicknamed Rotkäppchen (German: Little Red Riding Hood) being lured into a meeting with a pedophile. The two return to the pedophile's home, where the man sits on a chair and gets undressed, while the young girl starts to strip, then punches her assailant, knocking him unconscious. The young girl then ties the man down and gags him while torturing him with a butcher knife and other medical instruments, ultimately removing the man's testicles. Throughout the video, there are scenes depicting Oomph! performing the song.
Promo track listing
Beim ersten Mal tut's immer weh ("The first time always hurts") - 3:58
References
External links
MyVideo link to Oomph! Channel, containing Beim ersten Mal tut's immer weh music video
Oomph! official website
2008 songs
Oomph! songs
Songs written by Dero Goi |
The Neutronium Alchemist is a science fiction novel by British writer Peter F. Hamilton, the second book in The Night's Dawn Trilogy. It follows on from The Reality Dysfunction and precedes The Naked God. It was published in the United Kingdom by Macmillan Publishers on 20 October 1997. The first United States edition, which is broken into two volumes, Consolidation and Conflict, followed in April and May 1998 from Time Warner Books. The second US edition, as a single volume, was published in December 2008 by Orbit Books. This novel, along with others in the series, is noted for its length (more than 1,000 pages long in paperback) and technological depth.
Background
In The Reality Dysfunction, the presence of an energy-based alien lifeform during the death of a human on the colony world of Lalonde somehow 'jammed open' the interface between this universe and 'the beyond', an energistic vacuum where the souls of dead humans (and possibly other races) have become trapped after death. They are able to cross back over into this universe and possess the living, gaining tremendous strength, agility and the ability to create and alter matter. They overrun the planet Lalonde in a matter of weeks and spread beyond to the planets Atlantis and Norfolk and to the independent habitat Valisk, among others. The Kulu Kingdom colony world of Ombey is also infiltrated and a veteran of the Lalonde fiasco, Ralph Hiltch, is drafted in to help contain the menace. At the end of The Reality Dysfunction the truth of the nature of the threat is discovered by several survivors of a botched attempt to rescue the situation on Lalonde. However, a second threat has also emerged. Dr. Alkad Mzu, creator of the feared 'Alchemist' weapon of mass destruction, has escaped from Tranquillity and apparently seeks revenge on Omuta, the world that destroyed her own home planet of Garissa thirty years earlier.
Plot summary
The voidhawk Oenone reaches Jupiter and docks with one of the 4,250 habitats orbiting the planet. Whilst medical assistance and trauma counselling begin to help heal Syrinx, the information from Laton and the events on Atlantis is transmitted to the Jovian Consensus. As they become aware of the scale of the crisis, the Edenists immediately switch their economy to a war footing, rendering Jupiter space impregnable to attack. They also develop personality-query systems which should render all Edenists, voidhawks and habitats immune to possession. They detach a quarter of the voidhawk fleet and assign it to reinforce the Confederation Navy. Admiral Aleksandrovich summons an emergency session of the Confederation Assembly on its meeting world of Avon.
On Avon the Confederation Assembly is stunned to learn of the threat from the possessed. The Confederation Navy shuts down all interstellar flights to contain the threat and goes to its highest state of alert. In a startling move, the Tyrathca immediately cut themselves off from all contact with humanity for the duration of the crisis. The Kiint ambassador reveals that, many thousands of years ago, they also suffered a 'possession crisis', as the secret of death is one that is eventually discovered by all sentient races. They claim that their solution to the crisis is not applicable to humanity, who must find their own way.
Alkad Mzu departs from the blackhawk Udat, leaving behind a virus in its jump system which causes the destruction of Udat whilst making a wormhole transit. She does this both to protect knowledge of her whereabouts and also as revenge: Udat was one of the blackhawks which crippled the Beezling just before the Garissan Genocide.
On the planet Norfolk, the possessed succeed in over-running most of the planet. Louise Kavanagh's father, Grant, is possessed and gives up his home estate to forces loyal to Quinn Dexter. However, Dexter's attempts to have Louise and her sister Genevieve possessed are thwarted by another possessed, who assists Louise and Genevieve in reaching the nearest aerodrome. He reveals his name – Fletcher Christian – and vows to protect them from those who mean them harm. He bemoans the lack of chivalry and honour among his fellow returnees. They flee to the capital, which is in danger of falling, and briefly find refuge with Louise's cousins, the Hewsons. One of the cousins, Roberto, attempts to rape Louise, but fortunately is thwarted. After this, with her parents declared missing, Louise takes control of the Kavanagh fortune and is able to use this to book passage on a starship fleeing the system for Earth. They end up on a ship owned by SII (Mars' national company) and eventually reach High York, an asteroid in the O'Neill Halo in orbit above Earth. Christian's true nature is detected and he, Louise and Genevieve are all arrested.
On Ombey Ralph Hiltch assists the local police and military in tracking down the possessed from Lalonde. Princess Kirsten authorises the use of lethal force and, in a move which establishes a precedent across the Confederation, the planet's own strategic defence platforms are turned against the possessed, destroying an aircraft and several buses carrying them. One bus manages to get onto Mortonridge, a hilly peninsula, and the entire human population of nearly two million is possessed. SD platforms and the military manage to seal off the peninsula, containing the possessed in this one area. The leader of the possessed, Annette Ekelund, agrees to a cessation of hostilities until a more permanent solution to the crisis is found. However, the Kulu Kingdom is unwilling to look inactive whilst its citizens are in danger, and contingency plans are made. Hiltch visits Kulu itself and is shocked to learn that there was an outbreak of possession in Nova Kong, the capital, but it was put down hard by the authorities. King Alastair agrees to authorise an alliance with the Edenists, who will provide bitek soldiers to help retake Mortonridge. They know now that the possessed fear zero-tau and plan to use thousands of zero-tau pods to force the possessed to give up their bodies. The campaign will likely be bloody, but the Confederation badly needs a victory.
Joshua Calvert and the crew of the Lady MacBeth return to Tranquillity with news of events on Lalonde. Kelly Tirrel becomes an overnight celebrity for her reports of the conflict on Lalonde, and the children rescued from the planet are well-treated in the habitat's children's home. Ione asks Joshua Calvert to take his ship and pursue Alkad Mzu and Udat wherever they have gone. Ione believes that the Alchemist may pose as great a threat as the possessed. Joshua reluctantly agrees. Before he departs, Father Horst Elwes relates to him a story about how he was able to 'exorcise' a possessing spirit on Lalonde and tells Joshua to have faith.
On New California a few possessed manage to get loose on the planet, but they are disorganised and unable to make much headway. One of the possessed appears to be a raving lunatic, but as the days pass the possessing soul's presence in a normally-functioning brain restore his sanity and his memory. The possessing soul turns out to be Al Capone, a famed gangster from 20th century Chicago. Capone organises the possessed and they take over the planet in a matter of weeks. Capone realises they need to keep the planet's economy and starship-building capability going to defend themselves from any counter-attack, so many citizens are spared from possession (the act of which interferes with electrical systems nearby) as long as they contribute to the expansion of Capone's 'Organisation'. The interstellar superstar Jezebelle (a singer and 'mood-fantasy' artist) is on the planet at the time and she rapidly becomes Capone's lover, but also proves to be a valuable source of intelligence on the Confederation. The Organisation spreads to another planet and its ships begin causing problems for the Confederation Navy. First Admiral Samual Aleksandrovich learns that the Organisation's next conquest will be the planet Toi Hoi and develops a plan to intercept and destroy their fleet there.
Quinn Dexter leaves Norfolk and travels to Earth, hoping to infiltrate the arcologies there. However, Earth's defences and security measures are far too strong for him to penetrate. He instead travels to a planet called Nyvan, one of the earliest colonies founded before the policy of ethnic-streaming colonies came into effect. As a result, the planet is locked in a permanent state of cold war. Dexter effectively takes over one of the orbital asteroids. During his conquest he discovers it is possible to shift his body into a 'ghost realm', where he finds more dead souls. They claim that when someone dies only some are trapped in a beyond, whilst others become locked in a ghost-like state. Although he has no use for the ghosts, Dexter realises he can use this new ability to break through Earth's security again.
In the Valisk habitat, the possessed, aided by Dariat, become organised and swiftly take over much of the habitat. Rubra, the personality controlling the habitat, tries to reason with Dariat to little avail. Kiera, the leader of the possessed on Valisk (and the possessor of Marie Skibbow), travels to New California and is able to secure an alliance with the Organisation. Thanks to Dariat's knowledge of bitek systems, he is able to arrange for several dozen blackhawks to be possessed. The resulting 'hellhawks' become a valuable asset and Kiera is able to sell their skills to the Organisation. However, Dariat becomes gradually opposed to the possessed, due to their brutal tactics and penchant for destruction. He decides to side with Rubra, helps some of the non-possessed population to evacuate, and then merges his personality with Rubra's in the neural strata. The resulting blast of energy ends the threat of the possessed but also rips Valisk out of the material universe and into a strange realm of grey mists. Dariat is horrified to wake up and discover that he is now a ghost.
At Jupiter, Syrinx recovers from her injuries. She visits Eden, the original habitat, where the personality of Wing-Tsit Chong, Edenism's founder, lives on in the habitat's neural strata. With his guidance, Syrinx is able to overcome both the trauma of her experience and also her prejudice against Adamists. Syrinx and Oenone begin flying again and are assigned to a Confederation Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Meredith Saldana, which is assigned to the upcoming Toi Hoi interception mission. Saldana's squadron travels to Tranquillity, where Ione Saldana agrees – reluctantly – to let them use the habitat as a staging ground for the attack.
On Trafalgar, the Confederation Navy HQ asteroid orbiting Avon, a possessed prisoner demands a hearing to confirm her human rights and stop the Navy personnel running tests on her. However, she nearly escapes during the hearing and manages to have several other people possessed, one of whom has knowledge of the Toi Hoi operation. She re-kills this individual, and then surrenders to the staff.
At New California the possessing soul from Trafalgar manages to get reincarnated and warns Capone of the Toi Hoi ambush. Capone prepares his own plan in response.
In Tranquillity the Kiint researchers at the Ruin Ring project become intrigued by reports reaching them about a Tyrathca religion they previously did not know about (when one of the children from Lalonde tells a Kiint youth about it). They acquire the relevant data about the Sleeping God from Kelly Tirrel. Tranquillity observes this and Tirrel gives Ione a copy of the data. Ione is puzzled – the Tyrathca are a notably unimaginative species and have no need for supernatural deities – but her advisors suggest that the Sleeping God is actually a real entity who was able to aid the Tyrathca centuries ago, and may be able to aid humanity now against the threat of the possessed.
Joshua Calvert's hunt for Mzu and the Alchemist takes him to several worlds and asteroid settlements. On Ayachuko asteroid, in the Dorados, he is shocked to discover that he has a half-brother, Liol, the result of a liaison between Joshua's father Marcus and a local woman nearly thirty years ago. With possessed loosed on Ayachucko, Joshua agrees to let Liol depart with them. Joshua is attacked by a possessed but his attempt to 'exorcise' him as per Elwes' instruction fails, apparently because the possessing spirit was a Sunni Muslim and has no fear of Joshua's crucifix. Joshua and his crew manage to escape. Mzu's trail leads them to Nyvan. Joshua's pursuit is hampered by agents from the Edenist Intelligence service (led by Samual) and the Kulu External Security Agency (led by Monica Foulkes) who have surprisingly joined forces in their own pursuit of Mzu. Possessed loosed on Nyvan have also learned of Mzu's weapon and are searching for her. The pursuit culminates in a showdown at an iron yard. Joshua and his companions survive thanks to the intervention of a man with strange abilities named Dick Keaton, and are able to extract Mzu safely, although they also have to pick up Monica and Samual. Dexter destroys an orbital asteroid with nuclear bombs, causing a rain of asteroid chunks to fall on and annihilate the planet's biosphere. Satisfied with the chaos he has caused, Dexter departs for Earth. He abandons his comrades, slips into the ghost realm to evade security, and reappears in the space elevator descending towards the planet.
Safely aboard Joshua's ship Mzu explains how thirty years ago she and other Garrisan starships were on a mission to deploy the Alchemist when they were ambushed and left for dead by Omutan hired blackhawks (as portrayed in the first chapter of The Reality Dysfunction). They were left with two badly damaged ships, one with an active ZTT drive and the other without. With a difficult decision ahead, they decided to place 30 crewmembers in zero-tau and the Alchemist on the damaged Beezling, and send them to the nearest uninhabited star two and a half light-years away at sub-light speed (9% the speed of light due to the lack of a ZTT drive), what would be a 28-year journey. Mzu and others escaped via ZTT jump on the remaining ship with the intentions of rendezvousing with the Beezling upon its arrival in 28 years.
Mzu finally reveals the location coordinates of the uninhabited star that the Beezling is now orbiting and Joshua and his crew race to the star with the intentions of intercepting and destroying the Alchemist. Upon their arrival they discover the Alchemist and the Beezling with most of its crew intact. During the rescue Joshua's ship is ambushed by two Organization hellhawks that pursued them from Nyvan. Finding himself greatly outmaneuvered, Joshua pulls off a daring stunt by deploying the Alchemist into a nearby gas giant causing it to go nova, destroying the two Organization ships. Joshua meanwhile uses his ship's anti-matter drive to safely accelerate away from the nova at forty-two gees to a distance where they can make a proper ZTT jump.
With knowledge of the Confederation's Toi Hoi assault fleet grouping and refuelling at Tranquility, the Organisation fleet, aided by a large number of hellhawks, stages a massive assault on Tranquillity, surrounding the habitat and its few blackhawk mercenary and Confederation Navy defenders. They demand Tranquillity's immediate surrender. When Ione hesitates, they launch over 5,000 anti-matter weapons at the habitat.
Later, when Lady Macbeth arrives at Mirchusko, they find a vast radioactive dead zone where Tranquillity used to be. However, there is insufficient debris or disintegrated matter in orbit to suggest the station was destroyed. Its fate is unknown.
The story concludes in The Naked God.
Notes
This novel features two appearances by actual historical figures among the possessed. Fletcher Christian, who led the mutiny on the Bounty, and 1930s American gangster Al Capone, both have prominent storylines. There is also a comedic interlude between two men both claiming to be Elvis Presley, although the implication is that both are merely Elvis impersonators.
Two lengthy subplots were cut from the novel. Taking place on Srinagar, the Hindu-ethnic planet in the same system as Valisk, this would have had an army of possessed conquering the planet with bitek constructs. The second plot would have involved Louise and Genevieve's ship crash-landing on Mars. Both plots were dropped for space reasons.
References
External links
Official Peter F. Hamilton website
1997 British novels
The Night's Dawn Trilogy
Novels by Peter F. Hamilton
Fiction set on Jupiter
Macmillan Publishers books |
Delias gilliardi is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It was described by Leonard J. Sanford and Neville Henry Bennett in 1955. It is found in Chimbu Province of Papua New Guinea.
The wingspan is about 65–70 mm.
References
External links
Delias at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
gilliardi
Butterflies described in 1955 |
Speed Demos Archive (commonly known as simply SDA) is a website dedicated to video game speedruns. SDA's primary focus is hosting downloadable, high-quality speedrun videos, and currently has runs of over eleven hundred games, with more being added on a regular basis. SDA additionally used to host two annual speedrunning charity marathons, Awesome Games Done Quick (AGDQ) and Summer Games Done Quick (SGDQ), before Games Done Quick LLC started holding the event independently in 2015. It hosted nine marathons in total, and raised over $2.7 million for various charities, with the most successful one being AGDQ 2014 which raised just over $1 million for the Prevent Cancer Foundation.
History
SDA originally began as a demo archive of Quake playthroughs. SDA was formed initially by Nolan "Radix" Pflug of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania by merging with a site created by Gunnar and Jesse in April 1998. In 2004, after the success of his own 100% Metroid Prime run, Radix expanded SDA to include demos of other games. Mike Uyama took over in 2006 as the site's administrator. In January 2010, SDA ran its first charity marathon, Classic Games Done Quick, raising over $10,000 for CARE.
Content
As of March 2018, SDA hosts speedrun videos of over 1,200 games. These videos are all available for download, and almost all are available in multiple video qualities. The site includes videos of popular games as Mega Man, Metroid, The Legend of Zelda, Super Mario Bros., and Sonic the Hedgehog. The site has been featured numerous times in publications such as Electronic Gaming Monthly and G4tv's Attack of the Show!. Some of the runs also appeared in an episode of Pure Pwnage.
Submissions
Speedruns submitted to SDA undergo a comprehensive verification process performed by SDA community members familiar with the game in question. Participants scrutinize the recording in evaluation of both its gameplay and video quality. The review process also attempts to certify that the submitted speedrun contains no foul play such as cheating, hacking, or improper segmenting. Additionally, participants ensure that the submission adheres to the site's rules, as well as any game-specific and category-specific requirements. SDA staff evaluates the community responses and makes a final determination regarding whether or not the run is to be accepted. This verdict is posted publicly in the SDA forum alongside the verifying users' responses.
If a submission is accepted, the video of the run is encoded in multiple qualities and posted on the site alongside the runner's comments, which can detail specifics regarding the run.
Rules
Generally, Runs with no sound, horribly loud or overpeaked sound,or mixed-in music are unacceptable.
Fundamentals
Submitted speedruns are typically performed on their native consoles. When performing a run of a PC game, the rules may mandate that certain computer configurations be adhered to. In general, SDA will not accept runs that are performed on emulators, as emulation can be influenced by the configuration of the computer being used. Furthermore, it is particularly difficult to verify whether or not a run performed on an emulator is tool-assisted. Nevertheless, SDA does permit the use of emulators in certain cases; submissions performed on the Game Boy Player, GameTap, and Virtual Console are allowed. Virtual machines and DOSBox are allowed in cases where an older PC game does not run properly on modern computers. Use of this software is reserved for specific circumstances and these submissions must adhere to several additional rules. Due to potential emulation inaccuracies, runs that utilize an emulator may be categorized separately from those of the original release.
Non-cosmetic modifications to a game, console, or controller are not allowed. Glitches that are triggered by interfering with the normal operation of the hardware or game media while the game is running, such as the crooked cartridge trick are not permitted. In-game glitches or exploits may be permissible, contingent on the category being run.
It is required that runs be recorded using direct-feed capture. This is typically done using a capture card or DVD recorder. A run may be rejected if the quality of the recording is insufficient.
Segmentation
Segmented
Utilizing the in-game save system, the run is performed in multiple parts. Segmented runs allow the player to retry each individual section of the game as many times as they desire. As a result, fully segmented submissions are heavily scrutinized and held to a higher standard of gameplay than single-segment runs.
Single-segment
The entire game is beaten from start to finish in a single sitting. Excluding situations in which doing so is necessary to continue the game, the player may not utilize either soft or hard resets.
Single-segment with resets (also known as real-time attack)
A single-segment run that permits resetting the game. Not every game is eligible for this form of segmentation; it is typically only utilized when the use of resets saves a substantial amount of time.
Completion
SDA accepts runs that adhere to one of three different completion requirements:
any%
The game is beaten as quickly as possible without any regard to completion.
100%
The player must complete all content prior to beating the game.
low%
The game is beaten with the lowest completion percentage possible.
Additional categorization
Discrete runs of the same game can vary substantially based on self-imposed restrictions such as using a specific character, playing the game on a specific difficulty level, avoiding the use of glitches and exploits, or requiring completion of optional objectives. These restrictions can result in a single game having multiple (often contradictory) definitions of completion, called categories. Consequently, a single game may possess separate leaderboards for each category.
Charity work
Following an initial meetup at MAGFest, the SDA community, inspired by TheSpeedGamers, began their first charity marathon in January 2010, titled Classic Games Done Quick. Both direct-feed gameplay footage and webcam footage of the runners were live-streamed on SDA's homepage. The marathon was a success, raising over $10,000 for CARE. Starting in 2011, SDA began two annual marathons: Awesome Games Done Quick during the winter, and Summer Games Done Quick during the summer. Each subsequent marathon has become substantially more successful than its last iteration, with AGDQ 2011 and AGDQ 2012 raising $53,000 and $149,000 respectively for the Prevent Cancer Foundation.
In April 2011, following the Great East Japan earthquake, SDA put together a marathon titled Japan Relief Done Quick. The marathon was executed by having each runner live-stream their run from their home, rather than having everyone travel to a central location. JRDQ raised $25,000 for Doctors Without Borders.
During the marathons, a chip-in widget is placed beneath the streaming video, which visually displays how much has been donated so far, and which allows people watching the runs to donate money directly to the charity through a PayPal account. Viewers who donate are given the option to have a message sent to the marathon attendees to be read during the stream, allowing them to vote with their donation money for, among other things, which games they want played, what they want in-game characters to be named, or to request runners to perform specific feats such as difficult tricks or glitches. Prizes are available throughout the marathon; all donors are entered into a raffle to win them provided they meet the varying minimum donation sum within the time window for each prize. All donations always count towards the grand prizes, but most other prizes require donating during certain game runs or themed game blocks.
On 27 January 2013, SDA announced that AGDQ 2013 had raised $448,423.27, surpassing Desert Bus for Hope 6's donation total of $443,165.29 to become the most successful single gaming charity marathon at the time. On 1 August 2013, SDA announced a donation total of $255,160.62 from the SGDQ 2013 marathon. On 16 January 2014, SDA announced over $1,025,000 in donations raised from their AGDQ 2014 event. Summer Games Done Quick 2014, was held from 22 to 28 June, and raised over $718,000 for Doctors Without Borders.
See also
Speedrun
Games Done Quick
Twin Galaxies
Notes
References
External links
Esports websites
Internet properties established in 1998
Speedrunning communities |
WABA may refer to:
Waba or SuperWaba, a simplified version of Java aimed at portable devices
WABA (AM), a radio station (850 AM) licensed to Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
Washington Area Bicyclist Association helped establish Metropolitan Branch Trail
West Asian Basketball Championship
Women's American Basketball Association, 2017–
Women's American Basketball Association, 1984
World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action
Worldwide Aquatic Bodywork Association |
St Paul's Presbyterian Church is a heritage-listed Presbyterian church at 43 St Pauls Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1887 to 1889 by Thomas Rees. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
History
St Paul's Presbyterian Church, a Gothic Revival-style stone building which dominates the skyline at Spring Hill, was constructed between 1887 and 1889.
First church building
The conregation of St Paul's, which at the time was a member of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland, founded their first Brisbane church on the corner of Creek and Adelaide Streets in 1863. This early timber structure was replaced in 1876 by a stone building of substantial proportions, which in turn was sold to the Queensland National Bank in 1886 and subsequently demolished. The sale enabled the purchase of a site in Leichhardt Street, Spring Hill for the construction of a new place of worship.
The Creek Street St Paul's Church was the location for the inaugural organ recital held in Brisbane, on 31 July 1883.
Second church building
Former Queensland Colonial Architect Francis Drummond Greville Stanley was commissioned to design a building well beyond immediate requirements, in anticipation of the church playing a more prominent role in the development of Queensland Presbyterianism.
Stanley had designed a number of masonry churches, including Holy Trinity Anglican Church in Fortitude Valley (1877), St Thomas' Anglican Church in Toowong (1877), and St Paul's Anglican Church in Maryborough (1879).
In 1886 a brick and stone Sabbath School Hall was erected on a corner of the site, and this building served as a temporary church for three years while the larger building was designed and constructed.
Contractor for the A£11,000 project was builder and alderman Thomas Rees (later mayor of Brisbane), who completed construction of the church in a little over 18 months. The foundation stone was laid on 8 October 1887 and the church was officially dedicated on 5 May 1889.
Much of the stone from the demolished Creek Street church was re-used in the Leichhardt Street church. Also a stone wall with Glasgow-founded iron railings and entrance gates, a pipe organ manufactured by William Hill & Sons, London , and prophet lights donated in 1878 by former Queensland Premier Sir Thomas McIlwraith, were removed to the new site.
Despite grand visions of St Paul's as the state centre of Presbyterian worship, the congregation was small and localised until the early 20th century, when a change of ministry encouraged a more active following.
The interior of the church was redesigned in 1901. The organ and choir stalls were moved from a prominent position beneath the central arch to the southwest transept, and the pulpit was centrally elevated.
St Paul's became a community landmark in Spring Hill, recognised officially with the mid-1930s renaming of a section of Leichhardt Street from Boundary Road to Brookes Street as St Pauls Terrace.
A number of church facilities were extended in the post-war period. This involved installation of an electronic carillon ("the chimes") in 1950; commissioning of stained glass lights – designed by William Bustard in 1957 and executed by Oliver Cowley between 1958 and 1972 – for the aisle windows; the addition of an electro-pneumatic action to the organ in 1963; and the inclusion of a columbarium in 1967. Renovation of the cedar pulpit, rostrum and communion table was undertaken in 1976.
In the early 1980s the Friends of St Paul's was established, which conducted an appeal to raise funds for restoration work. Funds from the appeal and various grants permitted repairs to some of the ornamental stonework.
To help finance a complete restoration, the rights were sold to develop an office tower and townhouse complex on the site of the former manse, which was demolished. Eventually the land itself was sold.
Description
St Paul's Presbyterian Church is a stone, Gothic Revival-styled building complete with buttresses, belltower and a spire rising above the ground.
Cruciform in shape, the design incorporates a nave, aisles, and well defined transepts. The chancel is truncated. Essentially the plan is symmetrical, with the addition of a small southwestern entry porch for the spiral staircase to the belltower.
The steeply pitched gabled roof with ventilation gablets is clad in broad profile galvanised iron.
Three distinct types of stone have been employed in the construction: rough dressed Brisbane tuff, probably from the Spring Hill and Windsor quarries, for the walls and buttresses; durable Helidon sandstone for the window facings; and a softer and less robust sandstone, possibly from Breakfast Creek or Goodna, for other facings and decorative work.
At the front a pair of large cedar doors open to a main entry porch paved with tessellated black and white marble. One of the stained glass windows in the entrance, designed by Brisbane artist William Bustard and unveiled in 1923, depicts the apostle Nathaniel. This was donated by the Philp family, following the death in 1922 of former businessman and Queensland premier, Sir Robert Philp.
The interior is simple yet impressive: the nave, with its stone pillars and gothic arches, is spacious; exposed wooden arches support a roof lining of diagonal tongue and groove, v-jointed red cedar; and the walls are rendered. Each aisle has its own roof, above which a sequence of cusped windows in the clerestory permits natural lighting of the nave.
In the wall above the chancel are a rose window and four large stained glass windows of European manufacture, which depict old testament prophets. Double arched windows along the aisles illustrate ten events in the life of St Paul.
Red cedar has been employed for internal joinery and furniture, and the sloping floor is of pine.
St Paul's houses the only swung bell in Brisbane, which was cast in 1888 by John Warner & Sons, London. The bell chamber is noted for its perfect acoustic properties in transmitting sound to the nave.
After more than a century of use, St Paul's remains intact in form, structure, fabric and function.
Heritage listing
St Paul's Presbyterian Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
St Paul's Presbyterian Church, constructed 1887-89, is significant historically for its association with the work of the Presbyterian Church in Queensland, and in particular, as evidence of the Creek Street congregation's anticipation of playing a prominent role in Queensland Presbyterianism.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of 19th century Gothic church design in Queensland: it remains substantially intact, and is one of few churches in Queensland to fully realise the "gothic" style in stone. In addition, St Paul's is significant for its early pipe organ, stained glass and swung bell.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
The place has considerable landmark quality and aesthetic appeal, and makes a strong aesthetic contribution to both the Spring Hill townscape and the skyline along St Pauls Terrace. It remains an integral element in a cohesive ecclesiastical precinct formed with the adjoining church hall and boundary fence.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
It also has historical significance as the origin of the name of a principal Brisbane street, St Pauls Terrace – indicative of a wider community association with the church as a Brisbane landmark.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.
St Paul's is important as a major example of the ecclesiastical work of former colonial architect FDG Stanley.
References
Attribution
External links
— 1904 newspaper article about the church
Queensland Heritage Register
Spring Hill, Queensland
Presbyterian churches in Brisbane
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Churches completed in 1889
Francis Drummond Greville Stanley church buildings
1887 establishments in Australia
Gothic Revival architecture in Queensland
Gothic Revival church buildings in Australia
Stone churches in Australia
19th-century Presbyterian church buildings in Australia |
UQU or Uqu may refer to:
Umm al-Qura University, a university in Saudi Arabia, Founded in the year 1950
University of Queensland Union, a university student organization in Australia
Unquadunium, an unsynthesized chemical element with atomic number 141 and symbol Uqu |
Henry James Counsell (10 April 1909 – January 1990) was an English footballer who played as a defender. He made three appearances in the Football League Third Division North while playing for Nelson. He also spent several seasons in non-league football.
Biography
Harry Counsell was born in the town of Preston, Lancashire, on 10 April 1909 and attended Great Marsden School in Nelson before beginning his football career. He died in Burnley in January 1990, at the age of 80.
Playing career
Counsell started his career with Chorley in the Lancashire Combination. He moved to Football League Third Division North side Nelson for the 1929–30 season, but did not feature for the first team during the campaign. He made his Football League debut on 28 March 1931, deputising at right-back for the injured Gilbert Richmond in the 0–3 defeat away at Rotherham United. Counsell made two more appearances for the club, including the 2–1 win against Wigan Borough, which proved to be Nelson's final Football League victory. In May 1931, after ten years in the League, Nelson finished bottom of the division and failed re-election. Counsell stayed with the club as they joined the Lancashire Combination for the 1931–32 season, but left shortly afterwards.
Upon leaving Nelson, Counsell signed for fellow Combination side Great Harwood. He stayed with the club for two seasons, helping them to 15th-place and 17th-place finishes, before transferring to Clitheroe in August 1933. Two years later, he joined Lancaster Town (again in the Lancashire Combination), where he ended his career.
References
1909 births
1990 deaths
Footballers from Preston, Lancashire
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Chorley F.C. players
Nelson F.C. players
Great Harwood F.C. players
Clitheroe F.C. players
Lancaster City F.C. players |
Grand Junction Regional Airport is northeast of Grand Junction, in Mesa County, Colorado, United States. Owned by the Grand Junction Regional Airport Authority, it is the largest airport in western Colorado and third largest in the state, behind Denver International Airport and Colorado Springs Airport.
Federal Aviation Administration records show 212,588 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 228,850 in 2009, and 219,358 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 designated it a non-hub primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year).
History
The airport opened in 1930 as Grand Junction Municipal Airport. In 1942 it was renamed Walker Field for Walter Walker, a former publisher of The Daily Sentinel newspaper who helped obtain funds and business support for the airport. The airport and the airport authority were renamed on May 15, 2007.
Grand Junction Regional Airport is undergoing a $20 million renovation, of which $700,000 will pay for signs with the new name. The airport's terminal and fire building will continue to be named for Walker, and a new $19 million roadway under construction will be called Walter Walker Blvd. Tailwind Concessions provides food and beverages inside the terminal. A new runway will be built north of the existing one, with a target completion year of 2030. The present runway will become a taxiway.
Terminal
Inside the terminal, the passenger waiting area has a gift shop and TV monitors. The terminal has three gates with jet bridges for regional jets; one other gate uses outdoor airstairs. Allegiant and American Eagle flights use gate 3 while United uses gate 6.
Facilities
The airport covers at an elevation of . It has two asphalt runways: 11/29 is and 4/22 is .
In 2021 the airport saw 56,343 aircraft operations, averaging 154 per day: 70% general aviation, 14% air taxi, 12% airline, and 4% military. On December 29, 2022, 171 aircraft were based at this airport: 130 single-engine, 35 multi-engine, 4 jet, and 2 helicopter.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Statistics
Top domestic destinations
Historical airline service
The first airline service at Grand Junction was by Western Airlines flying Douglas DC-4s on a Los Angeles - Las Vegas - Grand Junction - Denver route. Western soon sold this route to United Airlines in 1947 which continued the service using DC-4s but soon upgraded with Douglas DC-6s and, by the late 1960s, to Boeing 727-100 jets. GJT's runway was extended from 5400 ft to 7500 ft around 1965 and the airport then became the primary jet airport to serve the Aspen ski area. United started Saturday-only nonstops in the winter ski season to Los Angeles in the winter of 1969-70 and to Chicago and San Francisco in the 1970-71 ski season. GJT was the only airport in Colorado west of Denver that saw major airline jet service until Durango upgraded their runway in 1977. United's winter ski season flights ended after the 1981/82 season. Boeing 727-100 and Douglas DC-8 jet aircraft were used with some flights operating with the stretch version of the DC-8 called the DC-8-61. In mid-1980 United began a daily, year-round, nonstop flight to Los Angeles using Boeing 737-200s but dropped the flights to Denver and Las Vegas. One year later United discontinued the LAX flight which ended all service to GJT however United returned in mid-1982 with flights to Denver. Service ended once again in 1984. A new service to Denver entitled United Express began in 1987 and is noted below.
Monarch Airlines began flights in 1947 by serving Grand Junction as one of many stops on a route between Salt Lake City and Albuquerque. Flights to Denver were soon added and the carrier also used Douglas DC-3s. Successor Frontier Airlines (1950–1986) then served Grand Junction using DC-3s and upgrading with Convair 340s in the late 1950s and Convair 580s by the early 1960s. Frontier began the first jets at Grand Junction with Boeing 727-100s flying DEN-GJT-SLC and back starting in October, 1966. Some Frontier 727 flights flew direct to Kansas City and St. Louis. Boeing 737-200s later replaced Frontier's 727s by 1972 and their Convair 580s remained until 1982. Direct flights to Albuquerque ended in 1978 and to Salt Lake City ended in 1981. Frontier started ski season weekend-only 737s to Dallas beginning with the 1972/73 ski season and continuing through the 1979/80 season. Weekend ski season fights then operated to Los Angeles and Oakland for the 1981/82 and 1982/83 seasons. There was no ski service for the 1983/84 season, and the final year of ski flights was the 1984/85 season with nonstop flights to Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, and Los Angeles.
Western Airlines returned to GJT operating Saturday only ski season flights to San Francisco beginning with the 1974/75 season. Western flew Boeing 737-200s. Service ended after the 1978/79 season but returned for the 1982/83 and 1983/84 seasons with Boeing 727-200 flights to Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, and San Francisco.
Several commuter airlines also served GJT in the 1970s. These include Western Air Stages with flights to Aspen, Steamboat Springs, and Vail, as well as Salt Lake City, Moab, and Vernal in Utah. In 1976 the carrier flew a GJT-Cortez-Farmington route. Sun Valley Key flew a GJT-Moab-Price-Salt Lake City route, and Bonanza Airlines and Air Colorado flew from GJT to Aspen late in the decade.
Continental Airlines began service to Denver in 1980 flying Boeing 727-100s, 727-200s, 737-200s, Douglas DC-9-10s, and DC-9-30s. Service began transitioning to commuter airlines operating as Continental Express on behalf of Continental in 1988 and Continental mainline jets ended in 1994. Continental Express service ended in 1995 when Continental ended their hub operation at Denver.
Transwestern Airlines, a commuter airline, began nonstop flights to Salt Lake City in 1979. Transwestern merged into Horizon Air in 1984 but ended service in 1985.
Mesa Airlines operated commuter flights to Farmington and Albuquerque in 1980 and again in the early 1990s. Flights to Denver began in 1990 as United Express and flights to Phoenix began in 1991, changing to America West Express in 1992 (further noted below).
Rocky Mountain Airways and Pioneer Airlines both provided service to Denver in 1984 and 1985. Pioneer operated as Continental Commuter on behalf of Continental Airlines.
Beginning in the mid-1980s, GJT began to see a series of commuter and regional airlines operate on behalf of major airlines. These airlines operated a variety of turboprop aircraft including the Convair 580, Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner, Beechcraft 1900, Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, De Havilland Canada Dash 7 and Dash 8, Dornier 328, and ATR 42. By the late 1990s the carriers serving GJT began upgrading with regional jets including the British Aerospace 146, Bombardier CRJ100/200 and CRJ700, and the Embraer ERJ145 and E175.
SkyWest Airlines began service to Salt Lake City in 1984 as an independent commuter airline. In 1986 SkyWest teamed up with Western Airlines to operate as Western Express and the following year Western merged into Delta Air Lines changing SkyWest's designation to Delta Connection. This service on behalf of Delta still operates as of 2021.
America West Airlines began nonstop flights to Phoenix in 1985 using Boeing 737-200 jets. Some flights later began stopping in Durango and nonstop flights to Las Vegas were briefly added in 1990. All service ended in 1991 but returned in late 1992 as America West Express operated by Mesa Airlines. In 2007 America West merged into US Airways at which time the Phoenix flights began operating as US Airways Express. In 2015 US Airways merged into American Airlines and the Phoenix flights then began operating as American Eagle. This service continues as of 2021.
United Express service to Denver on behalf of United Airlines began in 1987 and continues as of 2021. Many regional and commuter carriers have operated as United Express including Aspen Airways, Mesa Airlines, Great Lakes Airlines, Air Wisconsin, ExpressJet, Trans States Airlines, GoJet Airlines, Republic Airways, and SkyWest Airlines. By 2010 all service to Denver had been upgraded with regional jets however between 2013 and 2017, some United Express flights were operated with Dash 8 Q400 turboprops. Summer seasonal nonstop flights to Chicago's O'Hare International Airport on Saturdays only began in 2020.
Air21 flew nonstop to Colorado Springs and Las Vegas and direct to Los Angeles using Fokker F28 Fellowship jets for a brief time in 1996 and 1997.
Maverick Airways, a very short-lived carrier operating De Havilland Canada Dash 7 aircraft, provided service to Denver for a brief time in 1997.
Great Lakes Airlines started serving GJT with flights to Denver in 1998 as United Express but reverted to its own branding in 2002. The Denver flights continued until 2008.
Allegiant Air began flights on two days per week to Las Vegas in 2006 using McDonnell Douglas MD-80 jets. Flights to Los Angeles were added in 2009 also operating twice per week and now operate on a seasonal basis. Flights to the Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport began in 2019 and to Santa Ana, California in 2021. The carrier switched from MD-80s to Airbus A319 aircraft in the late 2010s.
American Eagle began nonstop flights to Dallas/Fort Worth in 2008. Flights to Phoenix were added in 2015 with the merger of US Airways (noted above). Both services continue as of 2021. Summer seasonal nonstop flights to Los Angeles on Saturdays only are planned to begin in 2021. Carriers operating as American eagle include Envoy Air, Mesa Airlines, and SkyWest Airlines.
The new Frontier Airlines began flights to Denver in 2008 by way of a subsidiary carrier called Lynx Aviation. Lynx used Dash 8 Q400 turboprop aircraft and continued service until 2010.
Continental Express began regional jet flights to the George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston in 2011. Continental merged into United Airlines in 2012 and the Houston flights then operated as United Express. Service ended in 2016.
Denver Air Connection, operated by Key Lime Air, began service in the 2012 with flights to the Centennial Airport in south Denver and to the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport on the north side of Denver. The carrier has suspended service during the COVID-19 pandemic but is planned to resume.
After Continental Airlines discontinued their last mainline jet in 1994, GJT was only served with turboprop aircraft for most of the remaining 1990s decade. All carriers upgraded with regional jets in the 2000s and the only mainline jets at Grand Junction are now operated by Allegiant Air which began in 2006. As of 2021 Allegiant flies Airbus A319/A320s.
References
External links
Grand Junction Regional Airport (GJT) at Colorado Department of Transportation airport directory
Airports in Colorado
Grand Junction, Colorado
Transportation buildings and structures in Mesa County, Colorado |
Parapercis hexophtalma, the speckled sandperch, is a species of marine bony fish in the family Pinguipedidae, found in the western Indo-Pacific Ocean. It was first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1829. There are several synonyms, some of which represent misspellings of the original name, and others which were given to female fish, at the time thought to be a separate species.
Description
The speckled sandperch grows to a length of around and is about five times as long as the body is deep. The anterior (front) end of the body is cylindrical and the posterior end is somewhat flattened. The eyes are rather close together on the top of the head and the fish rests on the seabed, propping itself up with its widely separated pelvic fins.
The dorsal fin has five spines and 21 or 22 soft rays, and the anal fin has a single spine and 17 or 18 soft rays.
The dorsal surface of the fish is greenish dappled with dark brown, the flanks are pale grey and the underparts white. There is a lateral row of large white spots each with one or more small black spots in the middle. On the underparts there are further black spots, mostly edged with yellow. Females have brown spots on the head and males have diagonal yellowish-brown markings on the cheek. The dorsal fin has a black spot at the base of the spines and the caudal fin, which is rounded or has a short extension from the upper lobe, has a larger black spot. There are several rows of small black spots on the soft rays of the dorsal fin and one row on the anal fin.
Distribution
The speckled sandperch is found in shallow waters on the east coast of Africa as far south as Natal, the Red Sea and the western Indo-Pacific. Its range extends as far east as Sumatra, and includes the Maldives, the Laccadives and Sri Lanka. The type location is the Red Sea. Although its range was originally thought to extend as far east as Fiji, three new species of Parapercis were recognised in 2007 based on their number of fin rays, their colouration and markings, and the location and number of spots on their anal fins; Parapercis pacifica occurs from southern Japan to the Timor Sea, Parapercis queenslandica from northern Australia, and Parapercis xanthogramma from Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa. The speckled sandperch generally occurs on sandy or rubble substrates in areas sheltered by reefs.
Biology
The speckled sandperch is a predator and feeds on small crustaceans and other invertebrates, also taking small fish.
Several members of the family Pinguipedidae are protogynous hermaphrodites, starting their adult life as females and changing sex to males later, and this is the case with the speckled sandperch. Not only do the fish change sex, but they also change their markings at the same time. The sexual inversion occurs at a length of about . Male fish are territorial and defend a harem of females. The eggs are planktonic and larval development takes place during one to two months.
References
External links
Pinguipedidae
Fish described in 1829
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier |
The Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019 (c. 22), colloquially known as the 2019 Northern Ireland Act, is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that provided for the extension of the period for forming a Northern Ireland executive until 13 January 2020. The Act also extended the powers of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland during this time whilst imposing several conditions. The Act requires that the Secretary of State report regularly to Parliament, designed to limit the ability of the sovereign to prorogue parliament, as well as providing for the legalisation of same-sex marriage and opposite-sex civil partnership in Northern Ireland (in line with the rest of the UK) and the liberalisation of abortion laws (in line with abortion rights in England and Wales) if no executive was formed by midnight on 21 October 2019. After the deadline passed, abortion was decriminalised automatically by repeal of Sections 58 and 59 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861; in December 2019 the British Government passed regulations legalising same-sex marriage and opposite-sex civil partnerships on 13 January 2020. Further regulations governing abortion came into force on 31 March 2020.
Background
Renewable Heat Incentive scandal
The Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) scandal related to the cost of a renewable energy scheme initiated by Arlene Foster during her tenure as Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Investment. The scandal came to light in November 2016, when Foster was First Minister of Northern Ireland. Foster refused to stand aside during the enquiry, ultimately leading to the resignation of Martin McGuinness, deputy First Minister, which, under the Northern Ireland power-sharing agreement, led to the collapse of the Northern Ireland executive in January 2017.
Collapse of the Northern Ireland Executive
Following the collapse of the Northern Ireland executive, snap elections were held. These elections were the first in the history of Northern Ireland where unionist parties did not win a majority: this was attributed to the RHI scandal, the role of the DUP in Brexit, and demographic shifts. Under the Northern Ireland Act 1998 a further election must be held within six weeks if no executive is formed. Following the elections, talks were held and facilitated by the British and Irish Governments in order to restore the devolved administration in Northern Ireland. During this time there were two Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland: James Brokenshire and Karen Bradley, who all failed to restore the executive. In order to prevent further re-elections the British Parliament passed the Northern Ireland (Ministerial Appointments and Regional Rates) Act 2017 and Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Exercise of Functions) Act 2018 which provided for further extensions to the deadline set in the 1998 Act, as well legislating for devolved issues such as taxation. Following the 2018 Act, the 2019 bill was introduced to parliament to extend the deadline further. Secretary of State Julian Smith eventually restored the Executive in January 2020 under the terms of the New Decade, New Approach agreement.
Brexit and prorogation
Following the resignation of Theresa May as Leader of the Conservative Party, pro-Remain and moderate pro-Leave MPs were concerned that the frontrunner to replace her, Boris Johnson may consider proroguing parliament in order to force a no-deal Brexit. As this legislation was in the House during this time, Dominic Grieve and others saw it as having potential to act as a vehicle through which they could limit the right of the executive, Queen Elizabeth II, to order prorogation. The effect of Brexit on the Irish border and the slow progress of talks to restore the Northern Ireland executive both served as reasons for amending the bill to provide for reports to parliament.
LGBT rights in Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, LGBT rights lagged behind the rest of the United Kingdom, due to the petition of concern motion available to the socially-conservative and evangelical Democratic Unionist Party. As a result, same-sex marriages were not performed or recognised by the government in Northern Ireland and there remained gaps in legal protection for transgender individuals. However, with no Northern Ireland executive available to legislate on the issue, direct rule was used as an instrument in order to equalise protection and recognition for LGBT individual across the union. Amnesty International and other organisations, including the Labour Party considered this to be an important issue to legislate on in Westminster; others, such as the Conservative Party believed it to be an issue for the people and assembly of Northern Ireland.
Abortion rights in Northern Ireland
Abortion was only legal in Northern Ireland if "there is a risk of real and serious adverse effect on her physical or mental health, which is either long term or permanent", a status achieved through a series of British court cases during the period of direct rule from Westminster, where previously all cases of abortion were illegal. This differed from the rest of the UK as the Abortion Act 1967 did not apply to Northern Ireland, thus the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 retained its provisions against infanticide including nearly all cases of abortion. The Northern Ireland Assembly was unable to legislate on the issue effectively, again due to the petition of concern available to the Democratic Unionist Party.
Content
List of provisions
The Act makes several provisions within it:
Extended the deadline for the formation of the Northern Ireland Executive until 21 October 2019;
Allowed the Secretary of State to further extend the deadline until 13 January 2020;
Required the Secretary of State to report to parliament on or before 4 September 2019, on 9 October 2019, and then fortnightly until 18 December 2019;
Required the Secretary of State to make regulations to legalise same-sex marriage and opposite-sex civil partnership, providing no executive was formed by 21 October 2019;
Required the Secretary of State to make regulation to liberalise abortion law, providing no executive was formed by 21 October 2019;
Required the Secretary of State to make regulation to provide for a compensation scheme for victims of the Troubles;
Required that the government provided reports to parliament on a number of issues facing Northern Ireland, and allow time for them to be debated in the Chamber within 5 calendar days of the release of the report, as below:
With the report(s) from the Secretary of State:
Transparency of political donations;
Higher education in Northern Ireland;
Armed Forces-related incidents associated with the Troubles;
Prosecution guidance for Troubles-related incidences;
Abortion in Northern Ireland;
Gambling addiction in Northern Ireland;
On or before the 21 October 2019, providing no executive was formed:
Human trafficking;
Pensions for victims of the Troubles;
Historical institutional abuse;
Renewable Heat Incentive hardship fund;
Libel legislation in Northern Ireland;
Elective care services in Northern Ireland.
Extension period
The bill was introduced to allow for a de facto extension period until 13 January 2020. This allowed for negotiations involving Sinn Féin and the DUP, alongside the British and Irish Governments. Without the agreement of both the largest parties of each of Northern Ireland's communities, no executive could be formed.
Reports to Parliament
The reports to parliament provided for by the Act were introduced as part of an amendment by Dominic Grieve. The aim of the amendment was to make it functionally impossible to prorogue parliament, but as a royal prerogative power, it is constitutionally difficult to do so de jure. By requiring reports to be made to parliament, and requiring time to debate them within five calendar days, it prevented the monarch from proroguing parliament as parliament needs to be sitting to debate. However, the principle of parliamentary sovereignty in this regard had yet to be tested in British or Commonwealth courts, and it was unclear as to whether this could be fulfilled by written report, so not requiring parliament to be sitting in order for MPs to receive the reports. Critics claimed that these amendments were only tenuously linked to the purpose of the bill and therefore not appropriate, as their true function was not linked to the governing of Northern Ireland, but instead was designed to prevent a future Johnson ministry from proroguing parliament to force through a new negotiated deal or a no-deal Brexit. On 28 August 2019, Boris Johnson advised the Queen to prorogue parliament between 12 September and 14 October 2019, thereby spurring a number of court cases, with many of the objections centred around this provision within the Act. However, as 14 October was within 5 calendar days of 9 October, when the report was due, it was unclear if this provision could halt the prorogation, even if it were legally sufficient to do so. In the R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland cases, the Supreme Court ruled the prorogation illegal, but not based on these provisions of the Act.
Same-sex marriage and abortion
Further amendments provided for same-sex marriage and liberalisation of abortion laws. This brought Northern Ireland into line with the rest of the UK on both social issues, ironically overruling the strongly unionist DUP's historic opposition to LGBT and women's rights, due to their strong links to the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster. This came into force since no executive was formed by 21 October 2019 and could be overruled by a future Northern Ireland Assembly. The DUP described these additions as "undermining" devolution, whilst the Irish republican Sinn Féin welcomed the move.
As no executive was formed before 21 October 2019, these provisions required that the Secretary of State introduce legislation to extend the provisions of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 to Northern Ireland before 13 January 2020, and to implement the recommendations of the CEDAW's report on the UK before 31 March 2020, with abortion automatically decriminalised on 21 October 2019. The appropriate regulations were introduced and the first same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland took place on 11 February 2020 in Carrickfergus, County Antrim. The Northern Ireland Department of Health issued a statement outlining its intent to produce medical guidance to bring NHS abortion services in line with those provided in the rest of the United Kingdom on 1 April 2020.
Legislative history
Litigation
The Act has formed part of the basis for two of several court cases around the attempted prorogation of Parliament by Boris Johnson: R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland. The Supreme Court ruled that the prorogation was illegal, voiding its effect, but it did not do so based on the contents of this Act.
In the Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland, anonymous litigators have appealed against a High Court verdict which ruled that the lack of same-sex marriage did not amount to a breach of the European Convention on Human Rights. This judgment was reserved after it was heard on 16 March 2018.
On 3 October 2019, the High Court in Belfast ruled that former abortion legislation in Northern Ireland was incompatible with human rights legislation. However, in light of the impending enactment of the relevant provisions of this Act, the judge, Mrs. Justice Keegan, did not issue a formal declaration of incompatibility.
See also
History of Northern Ireland
2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election
2019 in Northern Ireland
References
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2019
Politics of Northern Ireland
LGBT rights in the United Kingdom
LGBT history in the United Kingdom
Feminism in the United Kingdom
Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning Northern Ireland
Same-sex union legislation
2019 in LGBT history
United Kingdom abortion law
Brexit |
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 29 October and 4 November 1896. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 290 of the 413 seats.
Results
Parliamentary
Hungary
Elections in Hungary
Elections in Austria-Hungary
Hungary
Hungary
hu:Magyarországi országgyűlési választások a dualizmus korában#1896 |
Terry Notary (born August 14, 1968) is an American actor, stunt co-ordinator/double and movement coach. Notary mainly portrays creatures and animals for the film and television industry, and is known for his motion capture performances in films like Avatar, The Adventures of Tintin: Secrets of the Unicorn, the Planet of the Apes reboot series, The Hobbit trilogy, and Kong: Skull Island. In 2018, Notary played Cull Obsidian in the Marvel Studios films Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame.
Early life
Born in San Rafael, California, Notary was diagnosed as being severely hyperactive at age 7. His parents enrolled him in gymnastics class to burn off excess energy. He won a gymnastics scholarship at UCLA, where he graduated with a major in theatre.
Career
Notary's first career was as a performer with Cirque du Soleil. His first job as a stunt movement coach was on Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Director Ron Howard was hiring Cirque gymnasts for the film, and after sufficiently impressing Howard, Notary was offered the job of teaching all the actors how to move. Notary followed this new career path to Tim Burton's Planet of the Apes, for which he prepared by studying ape movements at the LA County Zoo. Notary's first motion capture film was Avatar, where he was the movement coach for the Na'vi.
Swedish director Ruben Östlund hired Notary when casting his Palme d'Or-winning 2017 film The Square. For Oleg, a character who acts like an ape, Östlund discovered Notary after running a Google search for "actor imitating monkey" and viewing one of Notary's performances (which was for an audition for Planet of the Apes). His performance in that single scene, in which a performance artist acts like a hostile ape at a fancy dinner, was widely praised, The Independent calling it "the most tense, uncomfortable scene of the year."
Filmography
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
American stunt performers
American male film actors
Actors from San Rafael, California
Male motion capture actors |
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Nicolle Gonzales (born March 15, 1980 in Waterflow, New Mexico) is a Navajo certified midwife. She is currently in the process of opening the nation's first Native American birthing center in her home state, New Mexico.
Biography
She studied at the University of New Mexico. She first received her bachelor's degree in nursing, followed by a master level midwifery degree. She is a member of the American College of Nurse-Midwives and is certified with the American Midwifery Certification Board.
Gonzales trained as a midwife after traumatic experiences during the birth of her first child. Gonzales lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Changing Woman Initiative (CWI)
Gonzales is the founder of Changing Woman Initiative, a non-profit organization which aims to improve the experience of childbirth for indigenous women. The cost alone of child birth can range from $13,000 to $17,000, making it less available for rural, indigenous women. Gonzales aims to cut the costs of birth as well as providing other women's health services to help with the cost of women's health in general. Work has not yet started on the clinic, which is intended to cater to women with Medicaid insurance, or women with no insurance at all. Gonzales hopes to open the center on native land.
References
1980 births
Living people
Navajo people
American midwives
People from New Mexico
University of New Mexico alumni
People from San Juan County, New Mexico
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women |
This is a list of places in South Korea which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world).
A
Ansan
Anshan, China
Kholmsk, Russia
Las Vegas, United States
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia
Anseong
Brea, United States
Heyuan, China
Anyang
Anyang, China
Garden Grove, United States
Hampton, United States
Komaki, Japan
Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico
Sorocaba, Brazil
Tokorozawa, Japan
Ulan-Ude, Russia
Weifang, China
B
Bonghwa
Selenge, Mongolia
Tongchuan, China
Boryeong
Fujisawa, Japan
Hangu (Tianjin), China
Qingpu (Shanghai), China
Shoreline, United States
Takahama, Japan
Buan
Wulong (Chongqing), China
Bucheon
Bakersfield, United States
Harbin, China
Khabarovsk, Russia
Valenzuela, Philippines
Busan
Auckland, New Zealand
Barcelona, Spain
Casablanca, Morocco
Cebu, Philippines
Chicago, United States
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Fukuoka, Japan
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Istanbul, Turkey
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Los Angeles, United States
Montreal, Canada
Mumbai, India
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Saint Petersburg, Russia
Shanghai, China
Shimonoseki, Japan
Surabaya, Indonesia
Thessaloniki, Greece
Tijuana, Mexico
Valparaíso, Chile
Victoria (state), Australia
Vladivostok, Russia
Western Cape, South Africa
Yangon, Myanmar
C
Changwon
Annapolis, United States
Da Nang, Vietnam
Guadalajara, Mexico
Himeji, Japan
Jacksonville, United States
Jersey City, United States
Kure, Japan
Ma'anshan, China
Mỹ Tho, Vietnam
Nantong, China
Shulan, China
Ussuriysk, Russia
Viña del Mar, Chile
Yamaguchi, Japan
Zapopan, Mexico
Cheonan
Beaverton, United States
Büyükçekmece, Turkey
Shijiazhuang, China
Wendeng (Weihai), China
Cheongdo
Nenjiang, China
Cheongju
Bellingham, United States
Tottori, Japan
Wuhan, China
Cheorwon
Đồng Tháp, Vietnam
Chuncheon
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Higashichikuma District, Japan
Hōfu, Japan
Kakamigahara, Japan
Chungju
Taichung, Taiwan
Yugawara, Japan
D
Daegu
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Atlanta, United States
Chengdu, China
Da Nang, Vietnam
Hiroshima, Japan
Milan, Italy
Milwaukee, United States
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Ningbo, China
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Qingdao, China
Saint Petersburg, Russia
Taipei, Taiwan
Daegu – Seo
Bacolod, Philippines
Hexi (Tianjin), China
Keqiao (Shaoxing), China
Daejeon
Bình Dương, Vietnam
Brisbane, Australia
Calgary, Canada
Durban, South Africa
Guadalajara, Mexico
Montgomery County, United States
Nanjing, China
Novosibirsk, Russia
Ōda, Japan
Sapporo, Japan
Seattle, United States
Shenyang, China
Uppsala, Sweden
Daejeon – Jung
Malabon, Philippines
Xining, China
Daejeon – Seo
Khövsgöl, Mongolia
Wenling, China
Daejeon – Yuseong
Xigang (Dalian), China
Dangjin
Rizhao, China
Snohomish County, United States
Donghae
Bolu, Turkey
Federal Way, United States
Haikou, China
Jiamusi, China
Nakhodka, Russia
Saint John, Canada
Tsuruga, Japan
Tumen, China
G
Gangneung
Algemesí, Spain
Chattanooga, United States
Chichibu, Japan
Deyang, China
Irkutsk, Russia
Jiaxing, China
Jingzhou, China
Gimcheon
Chengdu, China
Nanao, Japan
Subang, Indonesia
Gimhae
Ayodhya, India
Biên Hòa, Vietnam
Munakata, Japan
Salem, United States
Wuxi, China
Gimpo
Glendale, United States
Heze, China
Goyang
Eisenstadt, Austria
Hakodate, Japan
Heerhugowaard, Netherlands
Loudoun County, United States
Maui County, United States
Qiqihar, China
San Bernardino, United States
Gunsan
Jamshedpur, India
Pimpri-Chinchwad, India
Tacoma, United States
Windsor, Canada
Yantai, China
Guri
Calamba, Philippines
Carrollton, United States
Gurye
Chizhou, China
Unzen, Japan
Gwacheon
Burlington, United States
Nanning, China
Shirahama, Japan
Gwangju
Changzhi, China
Guangzhou, China
Medan, Indonesia
San Antonio, United States
Sendai, Japan
Tainan, Taiwan
Gwangmyeong
Austin, United States
Liaocheng, China
Osnabrück, Germany
Yamato, Japan
Gyeongju
Huế, Vietnam
Nara, Japan
Nitra, Slovakia
Obama, Japan
Pompei, Italy
Versailles, France
Xi'an, China
Gyeongsan
Jōyō, Japan
Xihai'an (Qingdao), China
H
Hanam
Little Rock, United States
Rushan, China
Shah Alam, Malaysia
Hoengseong
Kakegawa, Japan
Linhai, China
Yazu, Japan
Hongcheon
Sanary-sur-Mer, France
I
Icheon
Jingdezhen, China
Kōka, Japan
Limoges, France
Santa Fe, United States
Seto, Japan
Iksan
Culver City, United States
Odense, Denmark
Zhenjiang, China
Incheon
Alexandria, Egypt
Anchorage, United States
Banten, Indonesia
Burbank, United States
Chongqing, China
Haiphong, Vietnam
Honolulu, United States
Kitakyushu, Japan
Kobe, Japan
Kolkata, India
Manila, Philippines
Mérida, Mexico
Panama City, Panama
Philadelphia, United States
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Shenyang, China
Tel Aviv, Israel
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Veneto, Italy
Vladivostok, Russia
Yekaterinburg, Russia
Incheon – Gyeyang
Battambang, Cambodia
Vũng Tàu, Vietnam
Yancheng, China
J
Jangheung
Acheng (Harbin), China
Bacoor, Philippines
Changxing, China
Claver, Philippines
Haiyan, China
Washington County, United States
Jecheon
Hualien, Taiwan
Pasay, Philippines
Qichun, China
Spokane, United States
Zhangshu, China
Jeju City
Guilin, China
Laizhou, China
Rouen, France
Sanda, Japan
Santa Rosa, United States
Wakayama, Japan
Jeonju
Antalya, Turkey
Kanazawa, Japan
San Diego, United States
Suzhou, China
Jinju
Eugene, United States
Kitami, Japan
Winnipeg, Canada
Xi'an, China
M
Miryang
Nanping, China
Ōmihachiman, Japan
Yasugi, Japan
Mokpo
Beppu, Japan
Hammerfest, Norway
Lianyungang, China
Xiamen, China
N
Naju
Kurayoshi, Japan
Wenatchee, United States
Namyangju
Changzhou, China
Dartford, England, United Kingdom
Kampong Cham, Cambodia
Vinh, Vietnam
Nonsan
Jining, China
Jinzhou, China
Langfang, China
O
Osan
Hidaka, Japan
Killeen, United States
Quảng Nam, Vietnam
P
Paju
Coquitlam, Canada
Cuenca, Spain
Eskişehir, Turkey
Hadano, Japan
Jinzhou, China
Mudanjiang, China
Rancagua, Chile
Sasebo, Japan
Stellenbosch, South Africa
Toowoomba, Australia
Pohang
Fukuyama, Japan
Hunchun, China
İzmit, Turkey
Jōetsu, Japan
Pittsburg, United States
Vladivostok, Russia
Pyeongtaek
Aomori, Japan
Mobile, United States
Rizhao, China
S
Samcheok
Akabira, Japan
Dongying, China
Jixi, China
Kanda, Japan
Korsakov, Russia
Kungur, Russia
Kurobe, Japan
Leesburg, United States
Mareeba, Australia
Wangqing, China
Sejong has no sister cities.
Seogwipo
Hangzhou, China
Kashima, Japan
Kinokawa, Japan
Salinas, United States
Xingcheng, China
Seongnam
Aurora, United States
Piracicaba, Brazil
Shenyang, China
Seoul
Ankara, Turkey
Astana, Kazakhstan
Athens, Greece
Bangkok, Thailand
Beijing, China
Bogotá, Colombia
Cairo, Egypt
Hanoi, Vietnam
Honolulu, United States
Jakarta, Indonesia
Mexico City, Mexico
Moscow, Russia
New South Wales, Australia
San Francisco, United States
São Paulo, Brazil
Taipei, Taiwan
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Tokyo, Japan
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Warsaw, Poland
Washington, D.C., United States
Seoul – Dobong
Changping (Beijing), China
Seoul – Eunpyeong
Canterbury, Australia
Seoul – Gangdong
Fengtai (Beijing), China
Musashino, Japan
Qinhuangdao, China
Segovia, Spain
Songino Khairkhan (Ulaanbaatar), Mongolia
Tangshan, China
Willoughby, Australia
Seoul – Gangnam
Chaoyang (Beijing), China
Grand Rapids, United States
Gwinnett County, United States
Licheng (Jinan), China
Riverside, United States
Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Belgium
Zhongshan (Dalian), China
Seoul – Gangseo
Changning (Shanghai), China
Otaru, Japan
Penrith, Australia
Tarlac City, Philippines
Zhaoyuan, China
Seoul – Gwanak
Daxing (Beijing), China
Hohhot, China
Kingston upon Thames, England, United Kingdom
Tiexi (Shenyang), China
Yanji, China
Seoul – Gwangjin
Ereğli, Turkey
Khan Uul (Ulaanbaatar), Mongolia
Seoul – Jongno
Prague 1 (Prague), Czech Republic
Seoul – Jungnang
Dongcheng (Beijing), China
Kazanlak, Bulgaria
Meguro (Tokyo), Japan
Seoul – Mapo
Katsushika (Tokyo), Japan
Shijingshan (Beijing), China
Seoul – Seocho
Cuauhtémoc (Mexico City), Mexico
Irvine, United States
Laoshan (Qingdao), China
Manhattan (New York), United States
Perth, Australia
Şişli, Turkey
South-Western AO (Moscow), Russia
Suginami (Tokyo), Japan
Seoul – Songpa
Asunción, Paraguay
Chaoyang (Beijing), China
Chingeltei (Ulaanbaatar), Mongolia
Christchurch, New Zealand
Fairfax County, United States
Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Minhang (Shanghai), China
Panyu (Guangzhou), China
Steglitz-Zehlendorf (Berlin), Germany
Tonghua, China
Seoul – Yangcheon
Bankstown, Australia
Chaoyang (Changchun), China
Nakano (Tokyo), Japan
Seoul – Yeongdeungpo
Kishiwada, Japan
Mentougou (Beijing), China
Monterey Park, United States
Sinan
Granbury, United States
Suncheon
Antalya, Turkey
Columbia, United States
Izumi, Japan
Kragujevac, Serbia
Nantes, France
Taiyuan, China
Suwon
Asahikawa, Japan
Bandung, Indonesia
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Curitiba, Brazil
Fez, Morocco
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Hải Dương, Vietnam
Jinan, China
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Siem Reap, Cambodia
Toluca, Mexico
Townsville, Australia
Yalova, Turkey
T
Tongyeong
Reedley, United States
Rongcheng, China
Samara, Russia
Sayama, Japan
Tamano, Japan
Yunfu, China
U
Uiwang
Kimitsu, Japan
North Little Rock, United States
Xianning, China
Ulsan
Burgas, Bulgaria
Changchun, China
Hagi, Japan
Houston, United States
Hualien, Taiwan
Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
Kocaeli, Turkey
Portland, United States
Santos, Brazil
Tomsk, Russia
Wuxi, China
W
Wando
Imari, Japan
Lianyun (Lianyungang), China
Rongcheng, China
Wonju
Edmonton, Canada
Hefei, China
Roanoke, United States
Y
Yanggu
Chizu, Japan
Jianli, China
Saint-Mandé, France
Yangju
Dongying, China
Fujieda, Japan
Henrico County, United States
Yangyang
Daisen, Japan
Rokkasho, Japan
Xiangzhou (Xiangyang), China
Yeoju
Kamimine, Japan
Tsunan, Japan
Yeongam
Hirakata, Japan
Huzhou, China
Yeongcheon
Kaifeng, China
Kuroishi, Japan
Yeongju
Bozhou, China
Fujinomiya, Japan
Jining, China
Nantou, Taiwan
Shaoguan, China
Yesan
Knoxville, United States
Yongin
Fergana Region, Uzbekistan
Fullerton, United States
Kayseri, Turkey
Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
Yangzhou, China
References
South Korea
Cities in South Korea
South Korea geography-related lists
Foreign relations of South Korea
Populated places in South Korea |
The 1994–95 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 1994–95 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Nolan Richardson, and played its home games at the Bud Walton Arena in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
The Razorbacks were the national runners-up in the 1995 NCAA tournament, losing to UCLA in the championship game, 89–78.
Roster
Schedule and results
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!colspan=9 style=| Regular Season
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!colspan=9 style=| SEC Tournament
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!colspan=9 style=| NCAA Tournament
Sources
Rankings
Awards and honors
Corliss Williamson, SEC Men's Basketball Player of the Year
Corliss Williamson, Second Team, 1995 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
Corliss Williamson, 1st team All-SEC
Scotty Thurman, AP Honorable Mention, 1995 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
Scotty Thurman, 1st team All-SEC
Team players drafted into the NBA
References
Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball seasons
NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Final Four seasons
Arkansas
Arkansas
Razor
Razor |
```toml
[package]
org= "testorg"
name="utils"
version= "1.0.0"
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Regina Silva Silveira (born 1939) is a Brazilian artist known for her work with light, shadows and distortions exploring ideas of reality. Silveira has used many media throughout her career but focuses mainly on videography, painting, and printmaking (including some lithography.) She is based in São Paulo.
Early life
Silveira was born in 1939 in Porto Alegre, Brazil, but has spent much of her life in the city of São Paulo. She began studying art in 1950 under Brazilian painter Iberê Camargo; she studied lithography and woodcut in addition to painting. In the 1970s, she began experimenting with printmaking and video.
Education
Regina graduated in 1958 with a degree in fine arts from the Arts Institute of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Occupying a teaching position in the same institution, she developed a sculpture and painting practice under the tutelage of Iberê Camargo, Francisco Stockinger and Marcelo Grassmann. In 1967 she was awarded a scholarship to study art history in Madrid. She returned to Brazil in 1973, continuing her studies at University of São Paulo's School of Communication and Arts, completing her Master of Fine Arts degree in 1980 and a PhD from the same institution in 1984.
Employment
Regina Silveira held positions at many universities throughout her career. The first was at the Arts Institute of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, an institution from which she graduated with her Bachelor of Fine Arts from 1964 until 1969. From there she took a position at the University of Puerto Rico on the Mayagyeaz Campus from 1969 for four years until 1973 when she accepted a position at the Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado (FAAP-SP). She kept this position for just over ten years from 1973 until 1985 when she once again found a new employment opportunity. Silveira retired after a lengthy career from the Department of Plastic Arts from the School of Communications and Arts at the Universidade de São Paulo.
Silveira has recently become involved in virtual reality, has made two collaborative works, Infinities and Odisseia.
At one point she had the need to change the form of creation of her forms, going from something analogous to digital, starting with the work Encuentro (1991) since she needed to make a piece on a larger scale than normal and was looking for a greater precision in this, and this was achieved by designing with a digital medium.
In his career she has investigated the perception of reality and what motives have visual images. Her artistic terminology contains different modes of representation in perspective, which circumscribe Skiagraphia (it is the study of shadows) and obtaining them from common objects to create duality and tension.
Work: themes and processes
Silveira established herself as an artist during under the military dictatorship in the 1970s, creating ephemeral conceptual works such as videos, pamphlets and mail art. She "subverted expected meanings through paradox and enigma with the aim of destabilizing perception". In the 1980s she begins working with skiagraphia (shadow art) in installations, creating "a disorienting experience that highlights the space between presence and absence".
Her art images use installation printmaking in conceptual ways. Silveira's early paintings were site-specific on walls, which then developed into illusions that incorporate digitally produced images in walls and rooms. Silveira has used printmaking to explore the impact of distortion with confrontational shadow images.
Silveira's work centers around the idea that there is a tension between movement and the spatial perspective of an individual, which allows her to interpret her ideas and themes in whatever format she chooses; sometimes she likes to tie in political connotations in order to give a deeper meaning to her work.
In Absentia (1983), was presented at the 17th Biennial in São Paulo. The work, two silhouettes of two of Marcel Duchamp's "readymades" filled the room with shadows in deformed perspectives missing the source of the objects with empty pedestals.
Silveira's visual vocabulary explores the Simulacros between absence and presence using shadows, footprints, and tire tracks.
Silveira has had many international installations. She is known for her novel uses of museum and gallery spaces and for her installations in empty office spaces in Houston, Texas. Furthermore, not only does she experiment with the idea of space and how it is perceived, she also works with light, and the absence of light (shadow.)Her exploration of shadow and light and how that relates to objects are implied and engulfing to the viewer. She likes how shadows are intangible and therefore are in nature a very moldable part of her work that can be intentionally distorted and allow a certain image to only be viewed when looked at from a unique angle. She likes the ideas related to whether something is present or absent from a scene as well. Desaparencia, from YEAR, literally depicts an easel and stool using dotted lines which is supposed to indicate that although they are present as the piece of art, they are not actually present in the scene, leading to an interesting dichotomy for the viewer.
Silveira is represented by the Sicardi Gallery in Houston, Texas. She resides and works in São Paulo, Brazil.
Solo exhibitions
Regina Silveira also took part in many group exhibitions such as the Bienal de São Paulo (1981, 1983, 1994, 1998), the Havana Biennial (Cuba, 1984, 1994, 2015); Brazil: Body and Soul, Guggenheim Museum (New York, 2001); the XV (Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal, 2009); Philagrafika (Philadelphia, 2010); and the XI Biennial of Cuenca (Ecuador, 2011).
Notable exhibitions
Regina Silveira has hosted and contributed to over 100 exhibitions throughout her illustrious career.
Lumen is a favorite of many. Silveira took an entire glass-building and she placed a vinyl lightbulb on the façade which was dark during the day, but had the ability to light up at night. She also utilized blue glass additions which caused the building to have a very different look than its original style, and it also managed to cast shadows and patterns onto the floor which was exactly what Regina Silveira wanted.
Gone Wild is an exhibition which featured animal paw prints in vinyl pasted on the walls. The paw prints appear as though they begin on the floor in amorphous shapes and lead onto the walls as if an animal were actually running around the room. Many of the prints are distorted so that they can only be viewed as a 'normal' paw print when viewed from a certain angle.
Desaparencia is a piece that is set in a barren white-walled room with cedar flooring. The walls have windows, but they are closed so they add little to the effect of the piece. Silveira took latex and using dotted lines, she outlined an artist's easel holding a piece of canvas, with a stool by its side. The easel and the stool extend from the floor (the picture of the piece makes it appear that it may be from the door or from the point of view representing the feet of the viewer) up onto the walls and towards the ceiling. It looks much larger than life, while at the same time very normal. Although it extends from beyond the bottom of the wall all the way towards the ceiling, if looked at from the correct position, it would seem to appear a very regular size.
In Mil E Um Dias, Silveira painted two scenes on a plain wall which also included a doorway and stairs. The two scenes included one night sky dotted with stars, and the other is a picture of a cloudy morning with sunlight peeking through. The door seems to seamlessly blend in with the walls, and the only architecture which draws the eyes of the viewers away from the actual paintings are the stairs. The stairs appear to be leading into non-existent doorways in the sky. It really leads to a deeper understanding and also a deeper contemplation of the meaning of the piece; it's two-fold really: the wall is the blank canvas of our future and we are always trying to make it up the staircase into what lies ahead.
Mundus Admirabilis features vinyl insects taking over a two-tiered room with white walls. This seems to be a repeating pattern throughout Regina's work – white walls with black vinyl patterns. In this piece, she shows hundreds of larger-than-life insects taking over the entire room. They can be found on the ground, on the walls, and even climbing the ladder to the second floor balcony of the room. Although these insects are crawling between the walls, floors, and on the metal seams throughout the room, when looked at as a whole, they don't seem to be segmented, that is to say they don't look like they are crossing the seams of the walls where they meet the flooring, nor do they appear to break between the steps of the ladder.
Scholarships obtained
1993 Pollock-Krasner Foundation
1994 Fulbright Program
Collections
Celeção Itaú, São Paulo, Brazil
Celeção SECS, São Paulo, Brazil
Contemporary Art, La Jolla, CA, US
Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego
Museum of Modern Art, New York
Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo
Foundation for Contemporary Performance Arts, New York, NY, US
Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas, Austin, TX, US
Museo de Arte Contemporânea de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, Brazil
Museo del Barrio, New York, NY, US
Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taiwan
Queens Museum of Art, New York, NY, US
Awards
In recent years, Regina Silveira has won several awards for her work. This list is not exhaustive, but includes many awards between the years of 1983 and 2013.
1985 Bolsa de Pesquisa, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa, Brazil
1987 Bolsa de Pesquisa, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa, Brazil
1988 Melhor Instalação 1987, Associação Paulista de Críticos de Arte, São Paulo, Brazil Premio Lei Sarney à Cultura Brasileira: Gravura, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
1990 The John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship
1993 Art Studio Grant, The Banff Centre, Banff, Canada Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant, New York, NY
1994 Fulbright Foundation, Washington, DC
1996 Civitella Ranieri Foundation Fellowship, Civitella Ranieri Center, Umbertide, Italia
2000 Gran Premio Del Grabado Latinoamericano: Medalla de Oro, Primera Bienal Argentina de Gráfica Latinoamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina Prêmio Cultural Sergio Motta para Arte e Tecnologia, Voto Popular, São Paulo, Brazil
2004 Claraluz, Melhor Exposição do Ano, Associação Paulista de Críticos de Arte, São Paulo, Brazil
2007 Mundus Admirabilis, Prêmio Bravo de Artes Plásticas, São Paulo, Brazil
2011 Tramazul, Great Art Critics Award, São Paulo Art Critics Association, São Paulo, Brazil
2012 Award for Life and Work, Brazilian Art Critics Association, Brazil
2013 Prêmio pelo conjunto da obra, Prêmio MASP Mercedes-Benz, São Paulo, Brazil
References
External links
1939 births
Living people
20th-century Brazilian women artists
21st-century Brazilian women artists
21st-century Brazilian artists
Brazilian installation artists
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul alumni
University of São Paulo alumni |
Fladnitz an der Teichalm is a municipality in the district of Weiz in the Austrian state of Styria.
References
Cities and towns in Weiz District
Graz Highlands |
Human arrival in Ivory Coast (officially called Côte d'Ivoire) has been dated to the Upper Paleolithic period (15,000 to 10,000 BC), or at the minimum, the Neolithic period based on weapon and tool fragments, specifically polished shale axes and remnants of cooking and fishing. The earliest known inhabitants of left traces scattered throughout the territory. Historians believe these people were all either displaced or absorbed by the ancestors of the present inhabitants. Peoples who arrived before the 16th century include the Ehotilé (Aboisso), Kotrowou (Fresco), Zéhiri (Grand Lahou), Ega, and Diès (Divo).
Prehistory and early history
Little is known about the original inhabitants of Côte d'Ivoire. The first recorded history is in the chronicles of North African Muslims who conducted a caravan trade across the Sahara in salt, slaves, gold, and other items from early Roman times. The southern terminals of the trans-Saharan trade routes were located on the edge of the desert, and from there, supplemental trade extended as far south as the edge of the rainforest. The more important terminals—Djenné, Gao, and Timbuctu—grew into major commercial centers around which the great Sudanic empires developed. These empires dominated neighboring states by controlling the trade routes with powerful military forces.
The Sudanic empires also became centers of Islamic learning. Islam was introduced into western Sudan by Arab traders from North Africa and spread rapidly after the conversion of many important rulers. By the 11th century, the rulers of the Sudan empires had embraced Islam that spread south into the northern areas of contemporary Ivory Coast.
Ghana was the earliest of the Sudan empires; it flourished in present-day eastern Mauritania from the fourth to the 13th century. At the peak of its power in the 11th century, its realms extended from the Atlantic Ocean to Timbuctu. After the decline of Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire grew into a powerful Muslim state, reaching its peak in the early 14th century. The territory of the Mali Empire in Ivory Coast was limited to the northwest corner around Odienné.
The Songhai Empire flourished there between the 14th and 16th centuries. Songhai was weakened by internal discord, leading to factional warfare. This discord spurred the migrations of peoples southward toward the forest belt.
The dense rainforest in the south created barriers to large-scale political organizations like those in the north. In the south, people lived in villages or village clusters whose contacts with the outside world came through long-distance traders. These villagers subsisted on agriculture and hunting.
Pre-European era
Five important states flourished in Ivory Coast in the pre-European era. The Bono kingdom of Gyaman was established in the 17th century by the Abron, an Akan group that fled the developing Ashanti Empire in Ghana. From their settlement south of Bondoukou, the Abron gradually extended their dominance of the Juula, recent emigrants from the market city of Begho. Bondoukou developed into a major center of commerce and Islam. The kingdom's Quranic scholars attracted students from all parts of West Africa.
In the mid-18th century in east-central Ivory Coast, other Akan groups fleeing the Ashanti Empire established a Baoulé kingdom at Sakasso and two Agni kingdoms, Indénié and Sanwi. The Baoulé, like the Ashanti, elaborated a highly centralized political and administrative structure under three successive rulers, but it finally split into smaller chiefdoms. Despite the breakup of their kingdom, the Baoulé strongly resisted French subjugation. The descendants of the rulers of the Agni kingdoms tried to retain their separate identity long after Ivory Coast's independence; as late as 1969, the Sanwi of Krinjabo attempted to break away from Ivory Coast and form an independent kingdom.
In the early 18th century, the Juula established the Muslim Kong Empire in the north-central region inhabited by the Sénoufo, who fled Islamization under the Mali Empire. The Kong Empire was a prosperous center of agriculture, trade, and crafts but weakened gradually because of ethnic diversity and religious discord. The city of Kong was destroyed in 1895 by Samori Touré.
Trade with Europe and the Americas
Because of its location between Europe and the imagined treasures of the Far East, Africa became a destination for the European explorers of the 15th century. The first Europeans to explore the West African coast were the Portuguese. Other European sea powers followed and established trade with many of the coastal peoples of West Africa. At first, trade included gold, ivory, and pepper but the establishment of American colonies in the 16th century spurred demand for slaves. This led to the kidnapping and enslaving of people from the West African coastal regions for transportation to North and South America (see African slave trade). Local rulers obtained goods and slaves from the inhabitants of the interior to fulfill treaties with the Europeans. By the end of the 15th century, trade with the Europeans had resulted in a strong European influence in Africa, permeating north from the West African coast.
Ivory Coast, like the rest of West Africa, was subject to these influences but the absence of sheltered harbors along its coastline prevented Europeans from establishing permanent trading posts. Thus, seaborne trade was irregular and played only a minor role in the penetration and eventual conquest of Ivory Coat by Europeans. The slave trade, in particular, had little effect on the peoples of Ivory Coast. A profitable trade in ivory existed in the 17th century and gave the area its name. However, the resulting decline in elephant population ended the ivory trade by the beginning of the 18th century.
The earliest recorded French voyage to West Africa was in 1483. The French founded their first West African settlement, Saint Louis, in the mid-17th century in what is now Senegal; around this time, the Dutch ceded a settlement at Ile de Gorée to the French. The French established a mission in 1687 at Assinie, near the Gold Coast (now Ghana) border, and it became the first European outpost in that area. Although Assini's survival was precarious, the French did not establish themselves in Ivory Coast until the mid-19th century. By that time, the French had settlements around the mouth of the Senegal River and at other points along the coasts of Senegal, Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. Meanwhile, the British had permanent outposts in the same areas and on the Gulf of Guinea, east of Ivory Coast.
In the 18th century, Ivory Coast was invaded by two related Akan groups—the Agni, who occupied the southeast, and the Baoulés, who settled in the central section. In 1843–1844, the French admiral Bouët-Willaumez signed treaties with the kings of the Grand Bassam and Assini regions, placing these territories under a French protectorate. French explorers, missionaries, trading companies, and soldiers gradually extended the area under French control inland from the lagoon region.
Activity along the coast stimulated European interest in the interior, especially along Senegal and Niger rivers. French exploration of West Africa began in the mid-19th century but moved slowly and was based more on individual initiative than government policy. In the 1840s, the French concluded a series of treaties with local West African rulers, enabling the French to build fortified posts along the Gulf of Guinea to serve as permanent trading centers. The first posts in Ivory Coast were at Assinie and Grand-Bassam, which became the colony's first capital. The treaties gave the French sovereignty for trading privileges in exchange for fees or customs paid annually to the local rulers for the use of their land. This arrangement was not entirely satisfactory to the French because trade was limited and misunderstandings over treaty obligations often arose. Nevertheless, the French government maintained the treaties, hoping to expand trade. France also wanted to maintain a presence in the region to limit the growing influence of the British along the Gulf of Guinea coast.
The defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War (1871) and the subsequent annexation of the French province of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany caused the French government to abandon its colonial ambitions and withdraw its military garrisons from its West African trading posts, leaving them in the care of resident merchants. The trading post at Grand-Bassam was left to Arthur Verdier, a shipper from Marseille who was named a resident minister when the Ivory Coast was established in 1878.
In 1885, France and Germany brought the European powers with interests in Africa together at the Berlin Conference. The conference helped rationalize what became known as the European scramble for Africa. Prince Otto von Bismarck also wanted a greater role in Africa for Germany, which he thought he could achieve in part by fostering competition between France and Britain. The agreement signed by all conference participants in 1885 stipulated that on the African coastline, only European annexations or spheres of influence that involved effective occupation by Europeans would be recognized. Another agreement in 1890 extended this rule to the interior of Africa and resulted in a rush for territory by France, Britain, Portugal, and Belgium.
Establishment of French rule
To support its claims of effective occupation, France again assumed direct control of its West African coastal trading posts and embarked on an accelerated program of exploration in the interior in 1886. In 1887, Lieutenant Louis Gustave Binger began a two-year journey across Ivory Coast's interior. By the end of his journey, Binger had secured four treaties that established French protectorates in Ivory Coast. Also in 1887, Verdier's agent, Marcel Treich-Laplène, negotiated five additional agreements that extended French influence from the headwaters of the Niger River Basin through Ivory Coast.
By the end of the 1880s, France had established effective control over the coastal regions of Ivory Coast and Britain recognized French sovereignty in the area in 1889. France named Treich-Laplène the titular governor of the territory in 1889. In 1893, Ivory Coast was made a French colony; agreements with Liberia in 1892 and with Britain in 1893 determined the eastern and western boundaries of the colony, but the northern boundary was not fixed until 1947 when the French government wanted to attach parts of Upper Volta (present-day Burkina Faso) and French Sudan (present-day Mali) to Ivory Coast for economic and administrative reasons.Throughout the process of partition, the Africans were little concerned with the occasional European who came wandering by. Many local rulers of small, isolated communities did not understand or, more often, were misled by the French about the significance of treaties that compromised their authority. However, other local leaders thought that the French could solve economic problems or become allies in the event of a dispute with belligerent neighbors. In the end, the loss of sovereignty by the local rulers was often the result of their inability to counter French deception and military force, rather than a result of support for French encroachment.
French colonial era
Côte d'Ivoire officially became a French colony on 10 March 1893. Louis Gustave Binger who had explored the Gold Coast frontier, was named the first governor. He negotiated boundary treaties with Liberia and Britain (for the Gold Coast). Throughout the early years of French rule, French military contingents went inland to establish new posts. The French settlements encountered resistance from locals, even in areas with treaties of protection. Samori Touré offered the greatest resistance; he had established the Wassoulou Empire over large parts of present-day Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Ivory Coast starting in 1878. Tourés large, well-equipped army could manufacture and repair its own firearms, attracting strong support throughout the region. Binger responded to Touré's expansion of regional control with military pressure, resulting in fierce resistance. The French campaigns against the Wassoulou intensified in the mid-1890s until they captured Touré in 1898.
In 1900, France imposed a head tax for a public works program in the colony, provoking several revolts. The public works programs and the related exploitation of natural resources required a huge workforce. The French imposed a system of forced labor, requiring each adult male Ivorian to work ten days each year without compensation as an obligation to the state. This system was subject to extreme misuse and was the most hated aspect of French colonial rule by the Africans. Because the population of Ivory Coast was insufficient to meet the labor demands of French-held plantations and forests, the greatest users of labor in French West Africa, the French recruited large numbers of workers from Upper Volta to Ivory Coast. This labor source was so important to the economic life of Ivory Coast that in 1932 the AOF annexed a large part of Upper Volta to Ivory Coast and administered it as a single colony. Many Ivorians viewed the head tax as a violation of the terms of the protectorate treaties because it seemed that France was now demanding a coutume or payment from the local kings rather than the reverse. Much of the population, especially in the interior, considered the tax a humiliating symbol of submission.
From 1904 to 1958, Ivory Coast was a constituent unit of the Federation of French West Africa. It was a colony and an overseas territory under the Third Republic. Until the period following World War II, governmental affairs in French West Africa were administered from Paris. France's policy in West Africa was reflected mainly in its philosophy of "association", meaning that all Africans in Ivory Coast were officially French subjects without rights to representation in Africa or France. In 1905, the French officially abolished slavery in most of French West Africa.
In 1908, Gabriel Angoulvant was appointed governor of Ivory Coast. Angoulvant had little prior experience in Africa but believed that the development of Ivory Coast could proceed only after the forceful conquest, or so-called pacification, of the colony. He sent military expeditions into the hinterland to quell resistance. As a result of these expeditions, local rulers were compelled to obey existing antislavery laws, supply porters and food to the French forces, and ensure the protection of French trade and personnel. In return, the French agreed to leave local customs intact and specifically promised not to intervene in the selection of rulers. However, the French often disregarded their side of the agreement, deporting or interning rulers seen as instigators of revolt. They also regrouped villages and established a uniform administration throughout most of the colony. Finally, they replaced the coutume system with an allowance based on performance.
French colonial policy incorporated concepts of assimilation and association. Assimilation presupposed the inherent superiority of French culture over all others; the assimilation policy in the colony meant the extension of the French language, institutions, laws, and customs. The policy of association not only affirmed the superiority of the French but also entailed different institutions and systems of laws for the colonizer and the colonized. Under this policy, the Africans in Ivory Coast were allowed to preserve their customs insofar as they were compatible with French interests. An indigenous elite trained in French administrative practice formed an intermediary group between the French and the Africans.
Assimilation was practiced in Ivory Coast to the extent that a small number of Westernised Ivorians were granted the right to apply for French citizenship after 1930. However, most Ivorians were classified as French subjects with no political rights under the principle of association. Moreover, they were drafted for work in mines, on plantations, as porters, and on public projects as part of their tax responsibility. They were also expected to serve in the military and were subject to the indigénat, a separate system of laws for Africans.
In World War II, the Vichy regime remained in control until 1943, when members of General Charles De Gaulle's provisional government assumed control of all French West Africa. The Brazzaville conference in 1944, the first Constituent Assembly of the Fourth Republic in 1946, and France's gratitude for African loyalty during World War II led to far-reaching governmental reforms in 1946. French citizenship was granted to all African "subjects," the right to organize politically was recognized, and various forms of forced labor were abolished. A turning point in relations with France was reached with the 1956 Overseas Reform Act or Loi-cadre Defferre, which transferred several powers from Paris to elected territorial governments in French West Africa and also removed remaining voting inequalities.
Until 1958, governors appointed in Paris administered the colony of Ivory Coast, using a system of direct, centralized administration that left little room for Ivorian participation in policymaking. The French colonial administration also adopted divide-and-rule policies, applying ideas of assimilation only to the educated elite. The French were interested in ensuring that the small but influential elite was sufficiently satisfied with the status quo to refrain from any anti-French sentiment. Although strongly opposed to the practices of association, educated Ivorians believed that they would achieve equality with their French peers through assimilation rather than through complete independence from France, a change that would eliminate the enormous economic advantages of remaining a French possession. After postwar reforms, the Ivorian leaders realized that assimilation implied the superiority of the French over the Ivorians and that discrimination and inequality would end only with independence.
Independence
As early as 1944, Charles de Gaulle proposed to change France's politics and take "the road of a new era." In 1946, the French Empire was converted into the French Union which was superseded by the French Community in 1958. In December 1958, Ivory Coast became an autonomous republic within the French Community as a result of a referendum on 7 August that brought community status to all members of the old Federation of French West Africa (except Guinea, which had voted against the association). On 11 July 1960, France agreed to Ivory Coast becoming fully independent. Ivory Coast became independent on 7 August 1960, and permitted its community members to lapse. It established the commercial city Abidjan as its capital.
Ivory Coast's contemporary political history is closely associated with the career of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, president of the republic and leader of the Democratic Party of Ivory Coast (PDCI) until his death on 7 December 1993. He was one of the founders of the Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (RDA), the leading pre-independence inter-territorial political party for all of the French West African territories except Mauritania.
Houphouët-Boigny first came to political prominence in 1944 as the founder of the African Agricultural Union, an organization that won improved conditions for African farmers and formed a nucleus for the PDCI. After World War II, he was elected by a narrow margin to the first Constituent Assembly. Representing Ivory Coast in the French National Assembly from 1946 to 1959, he devoted much of his effort to inter-territorial political organization and further amelioration of labor conditions. After his thirteen years in the French National Assembly, including almost three years as a minister in the French Government, he became Ivory Coast's first prime minister in April 1959, and the following year was elected its first president.
In May 1959, Houphouët-Boigny reinforced his position as a dominant figure in West Africa by leading Ivory Coast, Niger, Upper Volta (Burkina Faso), and Dahomey (Benin) into the Council of the Entente, a regional organization promoting economic development. He maintained that the road to African solidarity was through step-by-step economic and political cooperation, recognizing the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other African states.
Houphouët-Boigny was considerably more conservative than most African leaders of the post-colonial period, maintaining close ties to the West and rejecting the leftist and anti-western stance of many leaders at the time. This contributed to the country's economic and political stability. The first multiparty presidential elections were held in October 1990 and Houphouët-Boigny won convincingly. He died on 7 December 1993.
After Houphouët-Boigny
Houphouët-Boigny was succeeded by his deputy Henri Konan Bédié, President of the Parliament. Konan Bédié was 24 December 1999, during the 1999 Ivorian coup d'état by General Robert Guéï, a former army commander who was dismissed by Bédié. This was the first coup d'état in the history of Ivory Coast. An economic downturn followed and the junta promised to return the country to democratic rule in 2000.
Guéï allowed elections to be held the following year. When he lost the election to Laurent Gbagbo, Gué at first refused to accept his defeat. However, street protests forced him to step down, and Gbagbo became president on 26 October 2000.
First Civil War
On 19 September 2002, a rebellion in the north and the west of Ivory Coast flared up and the country was divided into three parts. Mass murders occurred, notably in Abidjan from 25 to 27 March, when government forces killed more than 200 protesters, and on 20 and 21 June in Bouaké and Korhogo, where purges led to the execution of more than 100 people. In 2002, France sent troops to Ivory Coast as peacekeepers. A reconciliation process under international auspices started in 2003. In February 2004, the United Nations established the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
Disarmament was supposed to take place on 15 October 2004, but was a failure. Tensions between Ivory Coast and France increased on 6 November 2004, after Ivorian air strikes killed 9 French peacekeepers and an aid worker. In response, French forces attacked the airport at Yamoussoukro, destroying all airplanes in the Ivorian Air Force. Violent protests erupted in both Abidjan and Yamoussoukro and were marked by violence between Ivorians and French peacekeepers. Thousands of foreigners, especially French nationals, evacuated the two cities. Most of the fighting ended by late 2004, with the country, split between a rebel-held north under the leadership of Guillaume Soro and a government-held south under the leadership of Laurent Gbagbo.
Under this system, the quality of life dropped overall, with an increase in debt and civil unrest. To answer these problems, the concept of "ivoirité" was born, a racist term targeted denying political and economic rights to the Northern immigrants. In March 2007 the two sides signed an agreement to hold fresh elections. However, the elections were delayed until 2010, five years after Gbagbo's term of office expired.
Second Civil War
After northern candidate Alassane Ouattara was declared the victor of the 2010 Ivorian presidential election by the country's Independent Electoral Commission (CEI), the President of the Constitutional Council and an ally of Gbagbo, declared the results to be invalid and that Gbagbo was the winner. Both Gbagbo and Ouattara claimed victory and took the presidential oath of office. The international community, including the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the European Union, the United States, and former colonial power France affirmed their support for Ouattara and called for Gbagbo to step down. However, negotiations to resolve the dispute failed to achieve any satisfactory outcome. Hundreds of people died in escalating violence between pro-Gbagbo and pro-Ouattara partisans and at least a million people fled, mostly from Abidjan.
International organizations reported numerous instances of human rights violations by both sides, particularly in Duékoué. The United Nations and French forces took military action to protect their forces and civilians. Ouattara's forces arrested Gbagbo at his residence on 11 April 2011.
After the 2011 Civil War
Alassane Ouattara has ruled Ivory Coast since 2010, when he unseated his predecessor Laurent Gbagbo. Ouattara was re-elected in 2015 presidential election. In November 2020, he won a third term in the 2020 presidential election. His opponents boycotted the election, arguing that a third term was illegal. Ivory Coast's Constitutional Council formally ratified Ouattara's re-election to a third term in November 2020.
See also
History of Africa
History of West Africa
List of heads of government of Ivory Coast
List of heads of state of Ivory Coast
Politics of Ivory Coast
Abidjan history and timeline
References
Further reading
Chafer, Tony. The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization. Berg (2002).
External sources
Ivory Coast (colonial) |
Martin Hughes-Games (born 16 April 1956) is a natural history programme producer, presenter and author. He is best known for co-presenting the BBC magazine-style nature series Springwatch and its spin-offs, Winterwatch, Autumnwatch, and Springwatch Unsprung.
Education
Hughes-Games was educated at Ashby School from 1970–1975, followed by the University of Reading, from which he graduated in zoology in 1978, with a 1st Class honours degree.
Life and career
Hughes-Games has worked in television for 30 years. He is an active conservationist and also planted a wood. He was a member of the Springwatch production team from 2006 until 2019. He was also a Series Producer for Shetland Diaries with Simon King (BBC Two) and Incredible Animal Journeys (BBC One, 2006).
He started as a producer, then moved onto co-presenting and producing the BBC's Springwatch and Autumnwatch programmes in May 2009, and also presented a programme entitled Nature's Miracle Babies in 2011.
In addition to presenting, producing and filming, Hughes-Games has written an autobiographical account of his travels, entitled A Wild Life.
In 2018, he was awarded the British Trust for Ornithology's Dilys Breese Medal.
In July 2022, he presented ‘Summer On The Farm’ on Channel 5 alongside Helen Skelton.
References
External links
Martin Hughes-Games info page - Television Presenter and Producer
1956 births
Living people
People educated at Millfield |
Parentelopes albomaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Parentelopes. It was described by Pic in 1933.
References
Saperdini
Beetles described in 1933 |
{{Infobox Political post
| post = President
| body = Malta President ta' Malta
| Flag = Flag of Malta.svg
| insignia = Flag of the President of Malta.svgborder
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = Presidential standard
| image = Επίσκεψη ΥΠΕΞ Ν. Δένδια στη Μάλτα - Συνάντηση με Πρόεδρο Μάλτας George Vella (10.10.2022) (cropped).jpg
| incumbent = George Vella
| incumbentsince = 4 April 2019
| style = His Excellency
| residence = San Anton Palace
| appointer = House of Representatives
| termlength = Five years
| formation =
| succession = Line of succession
| inaugural = Sir Anthony Mamo
| salary = €68,936 annually
| website = https://president.gov.mt/
}}
The president of Malta () is the constitutional head of state of Malta. The president is indirectly elected by the House of Representatives of Malta, which appoints the president for a five-year term and requires them to swear an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution. The president of Malta also resides directly or indirectly in all three branches of the state. They are part of Parliament and responsible for the appointment of the judiciary. Executive authority is nominally vested in the president, but is in practice exercised by the prime minister.
Establishment of office
The office of the president of Malta () came into being on 13 December 1974, when Malta became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations. Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state and Queen of Malta (), and the last governor-general, Sir Anthony Mamo, became the first president of Malta.
Qualifications
A person shall not be qualified to be appointed president if:
They are not a citizen of Malta;
They hold or have held the office of chief justice or other judge of the Superior Courts;
They are not eligible for appointment to or to act in any public office in accordance with articles 109, 118 and 120 of the Constitution.
Assumption of office
Before assuming office the nominee must take the oath of office before the House of Representatives of Malta.
The oath reads: I, (name of nominee), solemnly swear/affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of President (perform the functions of the President) of Malta, and will, to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of Malta. (So help me God).Temporary vacancy and the Maltese presidential anomaly
Whenever the office of president is:
1. Temporarily vacant; and
2. Until a new president is appointed; and
3. Whenever the holder of the office is absent from Malta, on vacation, or is for any reason unable to perform the functions conferred upon them by the Constitution, those functions are performed by an individual appointed by the prime minister, after consultation with the leader of the opposition. If such individual has not yet been appointed, the speaker of the House of Representatives performs the duties of the president.
Contrary to popular misconceptions and unlike European continental jurisdictions the Constitution of Malta does not allow the incumbent president to extend his appointment in any circumstances including in the event that on the expiration of the five years from the date of appointment, a replacement is not appointed by the House of Representatives in accordance with the required two thirds majority. The Constitution even goes further to exclude the incumbent president from reappointment (the only office-holder to be burdened with such a restriction) in line with the republican model.
Hence, on the expiration of the five years from the date of appointment, the office of the president becomes automatically temporarily vacant and until a new president is appointed (if not so appointed because the required two-thirds majority is not achieved in Parliament) beforehand, an acting president would need to be appointed by the prime minister after consultation with the leader of opposition. Without such an appointment, the speaker of the House of Representatives automatically becomes the acting president.
This creates an anomaly in the Maltese constitutional system since without an anti-deadlock legislation in the Parliament of Malta to appoint a replacement, the incumbent Government of Malta which does not have the required two-thirds super-majority would be politically incentivised not to reach a compromise for a new appointment. Ultimately, the acting president under the Maltese constitutional system wields all the powers of a sitting president of Malta and is not restricted in any shape or form in terms of his legal authority. In fact, Malta already had an acting president from 1987 to 1989 and normal operations of the Maltese state were not impacted.
Role of the president
Among the powers of the president:
The president promulgates laws.
The president may dissolve the House of Representatives of Malta acting on the request of the prime minister of Malta or following the passage of a no confidence motion in the Government.
The president names the prime minister with the president making his or her decision based on the situation within the Maltese parliament.
The president names most members of constitutional bodies (with the assent of the prime minister).
The president receives foreign ambassadors.
The president may grant a pardon (but not an amnesty) to convicted criminals; the president can also lessen or suppress criminal sentences, acting on the advice of Cabinet or the minister delegated by Cabinet with such responsibility.
The president is ex officio chairman of the Commission for the Administration of Justice of Malta.
The president is ex officio head of the Maltese honours.
The president is ex officio chairman of the Malta Community Chest Fund, a charitable non-governmental institution aimed to help philanthropic institutions and individuals. The president's spouse is the deputy chairperson.
The president authorises recognition in Malta of honours, awards and decorations. No title of nobility, honour, award, decoration, membership or office may be used in Malta unless it is authorised by the president. The names of those persons so authorized are published in the Government Gazette.
The role of the president is detailed in a publication (in Maltese) called Il-Manwal tal-President tar-Repubblika'' written by former president Ugo Mifsud Bonnici.
Official residences
The official office of the president is the Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta. Other presidential residences include:
San Anton Palace at Attard – official residence.
Verdala Palace at Buskett – summer residence.
President's flag
The presidents of Malta used the national flag as their presidential standard prior to 12 December 1998, when a proclamation established the presidential flag of Malta. The flag is flown on the president's official residences and offices and on all occasions at which they are present.
Termination of appointment
The office of president shall become vacant:
If the president resigns his/her office;
On the expiration of five years from the date of the appointment to that office;
If the holder of the office is removed from office by Resolution of not less than two-thirds of the House of Representatives of Malta on the ground of inability to perform the functions of their office (whether arising from infirmity of body or mind or any other cause) or misbehaviour;
If the president dies in office.
The veto anomaly
The Constitution of Malta nominally does not accord any legislative veto powers to the president. In fact, the Constitution states that when a bill is presented to the president for assent, he shall without delay signify that he assents. The Constitution nominally therefore ensures that the legislative programme of a democratically elected Government of Malta is not shackled by a president without a democratic mandate. The Constitutional law creates this narrative that the president is distinguished from the individual office-holder and the office-holder should set aside his personal opinions in exercise of his/her duties as president. In practice, sitting presidents have nevertheless deviated from this duty and have in instances threatened to resign from their office if presented with certain bills for assent contrary to their personal opinions or have privately lobbied for changes. Furthermore, in view that an incumbent Government of Malta which does not wield a two-thirds majority in Parliament would not be in a position to remove the president of Malta if he refuses to signify that he assents to a bill, the president may in practice be afforded a legislative veto. This would be a constitutional crisis as a president without a democratic mandate would effectively exercise higher political power than the democratically mandated Government of Malta. It would not be clear whether this anomaly would be subject to judicial review by the Courts of Constitutional Jurisdiction in Malta both because of the immunities of the president of Malta and also because of the judicial interest of the sitting Government of Malta in the matter.
List of presidents
See also
Prime Minister of Malta
List of heads of state of Malta
References
External links
Official Website
Maltese Honours System
Government of Malta
1974 establishments in Malta |
Daniel William Hubbs (born January 23, 1971) is an American baseball coach and former player. He was the head coach of the USC Trojans baseball team from February 13, 2013, to May 29, 2019. He was previously an assistant coach at USC and was the pitching coach for the California Golden Bears from 2000 to 2011.
Hubbs played college baseball at USC and played minor league baseball in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies organizations.
Head coaching records
Below is a table of Hubbs's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach.
References
External links
USC Trojans bio
California Golden Bears bio
1971 births
Living people
USC Trojans baseball players
Great Falls Dodgers players
Bakersfield Dodgers players
San Antonio Missions players
Albuquerque Dukes players
Reading Phillies players
California Golden Bears baseball coaches
USC Trojans baseball coaches |
The 1st Surrey Rifles (often spelled out in full as First Surrey Rifles and abbreviated as FSR) was a volunteer unit of the British Army from 1859 until 1993. It saw considerable service on the Western Front, at Salonika and in Palestine during World War I. It served as a searchlight unit and as a light anti-aircraft regiment during World War II.
Origins
An invasion scare in 1859 led to the creation of the Volunteer Force and huge enthusiasm for joining local Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs). The 1st Surrey RVC or South London Rifles was one of the first such units formed, being based on the existing Peckham Rifle Club and recruiting many other members from the Hanover Sports Club at Peckham. The first officers were commissioned into the unit on 14 June 1859, and the headquarters was established in Camberwell. The following year it absorbed the 3rd Surrey RVC (first commissions 26 August 1859), also based at Camberwell, which became No 2 Company. The 1st Surrey RVC was active in trying to take over other South London groups: in November 1859 it made an unsuccessful approach to a new sub-unit formed in Putney (which actually joined the 9th Surrey RVC in Richmond). By the end of 1860 the strength of the 1st Surrey (South London) RVC was eight companies, recruited across Camberwell, Peckham and Clapham, under the command of Lt-Col John Boucher, formerly of the 5th Dragoon Guards. In 1865 they opened a new headquarters and drill hall in Camberwell. The uniform was Rifle green with red facings. An affiliated Cadet Corps was formed at Dulwich College in 1878.
Following the Childers Reforms the 1st Surrey RVC became the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the East Surrey Regiment on 1 July 1881, but without changing its title. Under the Stanhope Memorandum of December 1888 the battalion was assigned to the Surrey Volunteer Infantry Brigade, whose place of assembly in case of war was at Caterham to man the outer London Defence Positions. By 1907 the brigade had been split into separate East and West Surrey brigades, the 1st Surrey Rifles forming part of the East Surrey Brigade based at Worplesdon. Volunteers from the unit served in the 2nd Boer War, earning the Battle honour South Africa 1900–02.
Territorial Force
Under the Haldane Reforms, the former Volunteers were subsumed into the Territorial Force (TF) in 1908. The newly created London Regiment consisted entirely of TF infantry battalions, with no Regular component. The 1st Surreys' recruiting area of South London had been incorporated into the new County of London since 1889, and so it became the 21st (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (1st Surrey Rifles) (TF) and formed part of 6th London Brigade in the 2nd London Division. Its headquarters and all eight companies were located at Flodden Road, off Camberwell New Road.
World War I
Mobilisation
The battalion had just arrived at Perham Down on Salisbury Plain on 2 August 1914 for its annual training when the order to mobilise was received, and it immediately returned to Camberwell. Within four days sufficient volunteers had been recruited to bring it up to full strength, and the battalion marched to billets in St Albans for intensive training. A few officers were left at Flodden Road to form the nucleus of a reserve battalion, which was fully recruited before the end of September. The two battalions were later designated 1/21st and 2/21st Londons.
1/21st Londons
The 2nd London Division (soon to be numbered 47th Division) was sent to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front in March 1915. The 1/21st Bn disembarked at Le Havre on 16 March and first went into the trenches on the evening of 2 April near Béthune, the four companies being distributed among the four battalions of 1st (Guards) Brigade for initiation into trench warfare. Later that month the division took over its own section of line, the 1/21st being in front of Festubert.
Festubert
The Battle of Festubert began on 15 May, and on 25 May, the 47th Division extended the British offensive by launching an attack from Givenchy just north of the La Bassée Canal. 6th London Brigade (now entitled 142nd (1/6th London) Bde), was chosen to make the attack on a two-battalion front by the 1/23rd and 1/24th Londons, with the 1/21st in support. The brigade was harassed by artillery and machine-gun fire (during the Battle of Aubers) in the days before the attack, which went in at 18.30 on the 25th, against German trenches known as the 'S' Bend. The leading battalions swept across No-Man's Land with comparatively small losses, but once in the German front-line trench came under fierce enfilading fire from German guns that had pre-registered their own trenches. The lead companies of the First Surreys (B and D), waiting in the British front trenches, were also heavily shelled, and then met with intense small-arms fire when they crossed No-Man's Land to support the attack. They then had to put the captured trenches into a defensible state to ward off counter-attacks, while A and C companies brought up supplies, evacuated wounded, and dug a communication trench from the old front line during the night. Daybreak on 26 May revealed that the left flank of the battalion was 'in the air', with a party of Germans behind it still inflicting casualties. It took all day to fortify this flank and build up parapets that could be handed over to the relieving battalion that night. The First Surreys lost two officers and 32 NCOs and men killed in this action, and three officers and 120 NCOs wounded, and won the battle honour Festubert 1915.
Loos
After rest and reorganisation, the First Surreys returned to frontline duty in June 1915, holding relatively quiet sectors for the next three months while mentoring the Kitchener's Army men of 15th (Scottish) Division. The First Surrey's Regular Army adjutant, Capt H.B.P.L. Kennedy, was promoted to command the battalion. In late September, preparations began for the Battle of Loos, in which 47th Division was to play a major part. 142 Brigade's role was to provide a firm flank to the division's attack, and distract the enemy's attention with dummy figures in No-Man's Land. The attack started on 25 September, and on the night of 28 September 142 Bde went up to relieve the division's leading brigade, the First Surreys taking up positions among the coal mine workings of Loos. For the rest of the winter, the battalion was rotated through the dangerous defences in the area around Lone Tree and the Hohenzollern redoubt.
Vimy
In Spring 1916 the division was moved to the Vimy Ridge sector near Arras. This was quiet to begin with, but in April intensive mining operations were begun by both sides, and on 20 May the Germans attacked and took some ground from the division. The 1/21st and 1/24th Bns counter-attacked on the evening of 23 May. The 1/24th was held up, but A Company of the First Surreys went ahead and recaptured the old line, holding it for about an hour and causing heavy casualties to the enemy. However, they were unsupported by flanking forces and were compelled to return: 'Nothing was left to show for this gallant and costly action beyond a few yards of our old front line'. To hold its position against German counter-attack at the end of the action, the battalion had to be reinforced by a company of the 1/22nd Londons, by the divisional engineers and pioneers and by the tunnelling companies. The First Surreys suffered 187 casualties of all ranks in this action.
High Wood
The First Surreys were relieved on 27 July and marched south to take part in the Somme offensive. On arrival, the battalion underwent intense training, before going into the line near High Wood on 10 September. On 15 September, as part of the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, 47th Division attacked to complete the capture of High Wood, with 142 Bde in reserve. The First Surreys moved into Mametz Wood at 06.30 to be close to the fighting line, and at noon were released to 140 Bde. At 15.30, the battalion was ordered to capture a length of enemy-held trench (the 'Starfish Line') that lay between 140 and 141 Bdes. All went well until the leading platoons topped the ridge east of High Wood, when they came within view of the enemy's guns. Whole platoons were wiped out by direct hits, but the others carried on until they were able to make a determined assault on the trench. The 'Starfish Redoubt' was carried and connection made with the remnants of 140 Bde, but the losses made it impossible to continue to take the second objective (the 'Cough Drop'). Of the 19 officers and 550 men who had gone into the attack, only 2 officers and 60 men remained, the rest being dead or wounded.
The battalion was pulled out the following morning and marched back to collect a draft of 300 inexperienced men from the 2/5th East Surreys (from 67th (2nd Home Counties) Division in England). By 27 September the First Surreys were back at High Wood in reserve. On 8 October they attacked again, in an attempt to capture 'Diagonal Trench' near Eaucourt l'Abbaye and the Butte de Warlencourt. The attack was meant to be a surprise after a 1-minute hurricane bombardment, but the troops could make only 2–300 yards, still some 200 yards short of the objective, before they were compelled to dig in and form a chain of outposts. The exhausted 47th Division was relieved the following day and sent to the Ypres Salient for the winter.
Messines
The First Surreys went into the line near the much fought-over Hill 60, now a quiet sector used by both sides to rest exhausted divisions. It was not until May 1917 that the battalion began training for a new attack at Messines. Assisted by a series of large mines (including one under Hill 60), the pre-dawn assault at Messines was highly successful. The First Surreys, in support for 142 Bde, moved forward and by 06.15 were in their jumping-off position in the newly captured trenches. A and C Companies advanced and took 'Oaf Line', the German support line, after which they were to seize the spoil bank thrown up from canal construction, then wheel right and cross the canal. B and D Companies jumped off towards the spoil bank at 07.30, but the unit to their left was held up in 'Battle Wood', from which enemy machine-guns enfiladed the battalion as it advanced. Only a foothold could be gained on the spoil bank, so the divisional commander withdrew the troops and ordered a fresh bombardment of the position from 14.00 to 19.00. Reinforced, the First Surreys were due to renew the assault when the Germans put down an intense barrage, rendering attack impossible. The following day the battalion had to fend off several German counter-attacks. At Messines – generally considered a successful battle – the battalion's casualties were seven officers and 237 other ranks killed and wounded.
After rest, the battalion went back into the front line on 1 July, and held the line or was in support until 25 July. Although this was a quiet period, the First Surreys were among the first units to experience the new German Mustard gas, which caused significant casualties. Even in camp in July and August, the battalion suffered from long-range shelling and night bombing. losing a steady trickle of key personnel. The 47th Division next went to the Arras front, where it held the Gavrelle and Oppy Wood sectors until late November, when it was sent to take over ground captured during the recent Battle of Cambrai.
Bourlon Wood
The division took over the Bourlon Wood sector on the night of 28/29 November, and was bombarded with mustard gas. On 30 November the Germans made a heavy counter-attack against the sketchy trenches. On the night of 1 December, the First Surreys moved out of divisional reserve to relieve the battered Civil Service Rifles (1/15th Londons) in their isolated forward trenches. Despite gas and high explosive shelling, the battalion held the position until the division was withdrawn from the dangerous salient four days later. However, the Germans kept up the pressure on the new line, and on 9 December the First Surreys had to counter-attack to relieve a party of 1/23rd Bn in 'Durrant's Post', after which the line was withdrawn further.
Spring 1918
The heavy casualties suffered by the BEF necessitated a major reorganisation in early 1918. On 1 February, 1/21st Bn was transferred within the division to 140 Bde, where it came under the command of its former CO, now Brig-Gen H.B.P.L. Kennedy. At the same time it received a draft from the disbanded 2/11th London Regiment (Finsbury Rifles) in 58th (2/1st London) Division.
The German spring offensive opened on 21 March. The First Surreys had just taken over the 'Welsh Ridge' section of the front at Villers-Plouich, with two companies holding a chain of outposts rather than a continuous trench. After a heavy bombardment and a day of skirmishing with German probes, the battalion was ordered to fall back to 'Highland Ridge' after dark. The following day the battalion's Lewis gun teams fought a delaying action from Welsh Ridge to Highland Ridge. The main German breakthrough had been to the south, and over the next few days the whole division had to fall back because of pressure from this flank. The First Surreys now got separated, part retiring with the rest of the brigade, the remainder with battalion HQ and details of other battalions digging in at Four Winds aerodrome at Lechelle. Later, Brig-Gen Kennedy, organising a mixed force from 47th and 2nd Division had two FSR companies under his command, while battalion HQ and the other companies were part of another mixed force holding the brigade's front line. These outposts were slowly pushed in as the enemy infiltrated between them, and it was not until the evening of 24 March that the battalion was once more concentrated, at Bazentin Wood on the old Somme battlefield. On 25 March the battalion occupied an old trench and caused heavy casualties to German troops pushing past in the direction of Pozieres. Towards evening the enemy infiltration forced the brigade back once more. On 26 March the battalion retired across the River Ancre past fresh troops and ceased to be in the front line. For the next few days the First Surreys were engaged in digging defences, coming under heavy bombardment on 4 April when the rest of 47th Division was attacked once more. The battalion was finally relieved on 8 April.
For the rest of the month, the First Surreys were able to rest, refit, and train, absorbing drafts from the UK. Duties in May and June were light, then in July the battalion began to carry out the usual tours of duty in the front line, including introducing US troops to the trenches.
The Hundred Days
The Allies had begun a new offensive at Amiens on 8 August, and the First Surreys joined this at the Battle of Albert. 47th Division attacked on 22 August from the old Amiens defences towards an objective called the Green Line, on the high ground east of 'Happy Valley'. 140th Brigade was in support, intended to exploit any success in conjunction with Whippet tanks and the cavalry of the Northumberland Hussars. However, the division's leading brigades encountered stiffer than expected opposition, the tanks and cavalry were unable to get through, and the Green Line was not reached. 140th Brigade therefore made a fresh attack on the night at 01.00 on 24 August. This surprise night attack was a complete success, the regimental historian reporting that 'In brilliant moonlight, and with a splendid barrage, we went over, and were almost immediately in the trenches which formed our objective'. However, the battalion's left-hand company was severely shot up by a German strongpoint that the neighbouring division had failed to capture. The following afternoon the strongpoint was finally suppressed by tanks. The following night the battalion renewed the advance behind a creeping barrage, gaining two miles with almost no opposition.
After three days' refitting, the division rejoined what had now become a war of movement against German rearguards. The First Surreys had a tough fight to take Moislans trench on 2 September, even though they were officially following up in support, because the attacking forces were also badly thinned – 1/21st Bn itself could only put 100 men into the battle. By now, 47 Division was in need of reinforcements that were not forthcoming; after calling up detached working parties, the First Surreys provided a composite company of 150 men for the operations of 6–7 September, after which the division was pulled out of the offensive.
The First Surreys were warned to prepare for a move to the Italian Front, but this never happened because of shortage of railway rolling stock. Instead, the battalion spent a period holding a quiet sector of the line, and then took part in 47th Division's ceremonial entry into the liberated city of Lille on 28 October. After a halt on the Scheldt, the battalion had advanced past the evacuated city of Tournai when the Armistice with Germany came into force on 11 November.
Demobilisation
Immediately after the Armistice the First Surreys were engaged in repairing the Tournai–Ath railway, and then went into winter quarters in the mining village of Auchel, near Béthune to await demobilisation. Men began to be demobilised in January 1919, and by 4 May the remaining cadre of the battalion entrained for the UK, for an official welcome at Camberwell and a final march-past to Buckingham Palace by London troops on 5 July. The battalion was demobilised on 25 July.
Commanding Officers
The following officers commanded the 1/21st Bn during World War I:
Lt-Col M.J.B. Tomlin, to 1 May 1915
Lt-Col W.F. Morris, to 31 August 1915
Lt-Col H.B.P.L. Kennedy, DSO, to 17 May 1917
Lt-Col A. Hutchence, MC, to 30 September 1917
Maj C.W.B. Heslop, to October 1917
Lt-Col G. Dawes, DSO, MC, to November 1918
Lt-Col W.G. Newton, MC, to demobilisation.
2/21st Londons
The 2/21st Battalion was formed on 31 August 1914 began its training in September at Flodden Road, at Ruskin Park and on Wimbledon Common, with a few rifles borrowed from the affiliated cadet corps at Dulwich College. Meanwhile, the men continued to live at home and wore civilian clothes until uniforms gradually became available. In January 1915 the battalion joined 2/6th London Brigade in billets at Redhill, Surrey, where training included digging trenches at Merstham Hill as part of the London Southern Defence Scheme. During February, .256-in Japanese Ariska rifles were issued. By March the 2/2nd London Division was sent to the St Albans area to replace 1/2nd London Division in Third Army, Central Force, and provided drafts to bring the 1st-Line units up to strength for overseas service. The men who had only signed up for Home Service became the nucleus of the 3/21st Bn forming at Flodden Road. The 2/21st was billeted first at St Albans, then at Sawbridgeworth. After camping during the summer, it spent the winter of 1915–16 billeted at Coggeshall.
In November the division received .303 Lee–Enfield service rifles in place of the Japanese weapons, and towards the end of January 1916 (now officially the 60th (2/2nd London) Division) it moved to Sutton Veny on Salisbury Plain for final training before proceeding overseas. The 2/21st in 181st (2/6th London) Brigade was brought up to full strength with a draft of recruits (and some Home Service men now obliged by the Military Service Act 1916 to undertake overseas service) from the 3/21st. The battalion crossed to France on 24/25 June.
Western Front
The 60th Division was due to relieve the 51st (Highland) Division in the line near Vimy, and the fresh troops of the 2/21st were introduced to their duties by the 4th Bn Seaforth Highlanders and 9th Bn Royal Scots. The battalion took over its own sector on 16 July. Mining, crater-fighting and trench-raiding were constant on this front, but the battalion's first disastrous trench raid on the night of 15 September dampened its enthusiasm.
Salonika
60th Division was intended to join the Somme offensive in October 1916, but instead was switched to the Macedonian front. The 2/21st was relieved on 25 October and disembarked at Salonika on 8 December. On 17 January 1917, after a rough march up-country, it took over a section of the line at 'Dover Tepe' (Dova Tepe), which it held for six weeks, carrying out one night raid against Bulgarian outposts, but generally more concerned with the bad weather than the enemy. At the end of March, 181 Bde moved to join the rest of the division in the Vardar sector. This was a totally static area during the battalion's stay, apart from one patrol action. During 16–18 June the battalion re-embarked at Salonika for Egypt to join the Palestine Campaign.
Palestine
After landing at Alexandria, 60th Division moved to the Suez Canal to join the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), where its units were re-equipped and underwent training before crossing Sinai in early July 1917. Further intensive training followed until late October, when the division made its first full-scale attack of the war, at Beersheba. After a silent approach march during the night of 30/31 October, the division bombarded and then attacked Hill 1070, a prominent feature in front of the Turkish main defences. 181st Brigade advanced on the left at 08.30, with 2/21st in close support, and the position was taken at the double within 10 minutes. 2/21st Battalion lost a few casualties to enemy shellfire while waiting, but none in the attack. The guns then moved up to bombard the Turkish main line, and at 12.15, 181 Bde went forward again with 2/21st in the centre, capturing their objectives without a hitch and forming an outpost line. That evening the town of Beersheba fell to the Desert Mounted Corps.
On the night of 5/6 November, the 2/21st was ordered to send out two companies to get in touch with 74th (Yeomanry) Division who were due to attack Sheria; this entailed an advance in the dark with inadequate maps, but before dawn C & D Companies had established an outpost line at Wadi Sheria, from which they were able to enfilade the enemy when the attack began at dawn. A Turkish counter-attack was broken up with rifle and machine-gun fire, and later a cavalry brigade of the EEF passed through to complete the victory.
After the fall of Sheria, the division advanced to Nebi Samwil, a strong position in front of Jerusalem, against which the Turks sent a series of counter-attacks. Despite coming under sporadic bombardment, 2/21st Battalion was not seriously engaged during the days it spent in this position. On 9 December the battalion was marching towards Jerusalem, engaging the Turks in the western outskirts and suffering several casualties while clearing the last ridge with the bayonet. On 13 December B & D Companies made a surprise attack on a Turkish position known as 'Tower Hill', after which C Company came up and drove off a counter-attack.
After the surrender of Jerusalem, all the battalions of the 60th Division had a short spell in billets out of the foul weather, but on 24 December intelligence was received of a Turkish counter-attack from the Jericho direction and the division deployed outside the city on 26 December, with 2/21st at Beit Hannina supporting 181 Bde. The following day the attack developed along the whole line, and 2/24th Londons were hard pressed, being relieved by the 2/21st during the afternoon. The attacks petered out at dusk and next day the British advance up the Nablus road was resumed. On 3 January, A, B and C Companies successfully attacked Hill 2635 at dawn; two days later the 60th Division was relieved and went into defensive positions around Jerusalem.
On 31 January the battalion made a successful reconnaissance of Mukhmas, and on 14 February it attacked and seized the position, followed by 'Round Hill' This was a preliminary to the division's advance on Jericho, which began on the night of 18/19 February. The next night, 2/21st were leading 181 Bde on the right, advancing slowly through rugged ground and Turkish rearguards. By the morning of 21 February the division was on the heights overlooking Jericho, which was secured by the 3rd Australian Light Horse.
The 60th Division next took part in the First Transjordan Raid. Swimmers of the 2/21st attempted to cross the River Jordan on the night of 21 March, but failed; however the 2/19th succeeded upstream, the Turkish defenders retreated and Pontoon bridges were thrown over the river. The 2/21st crossed in daylight, and advanced towards the Moab hills. The following day a set-piece attack was made on the positions in these hills, and the route towards Es Salt and Amman cleared. The attack on Amman began on 28 March, the 2/21st on the right advancing against the deep and difficult obstacle of Wadi Amman. The attack was made over 1,000 yards of open terrain and was held up by small arms and artillery fire. A further attack made at 02.00 on the night of 29/30 March failed at 'The Citadel', with heavy casualties. The troops were exhausted – at one scheduled 10-minute rest, the entire 2/21st fell asleep for an hour – and the raid was abandoned. The troops retired back over the Jordan by 2 April. The 2/21st had suffered 215 killed, wounded and missing in this operation, all the officers of B and C Companies becoming casualties.
Disbandment
Although the 2/21st took part in the Second Transjordan Raid (30 April – 4 May), it did not see any action. By now the battalion was very weak in numbers and no reinforcements were forthcoming from Europe; indeed, after the German Spring Offensive the BEF required reinforcements from the EEF. The 60th Division was reorganised as an Indian Army formation and sent most of its British troops to the Western Front. The 2/21st, however, was disbanded on 3 June 1918, and its men were drafted to the three remaining London battalions of the division: 2/13th, 2/19th and 2/22nd.
Commanding Officers
The following officers commanded the 2/21st Bn:
Col Coldicott (September 1914–late 1915)
Lt-Col B. Fletcher (late 1915 – July 1916)
Lt-Col F.D. Watney (Queen's Regiment) (July 1916 – May 1917, October 1917)
Lt-Col Gibson (Northumberland Fusiliers) (May–October 1917)
Lt-Col J.A. Jervois, MC (King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry) (October 1917–disbandment)
3/21st Londons
The 3/21st Bn was formed in March 1915 and went to Tadworth in Surrey for training, moving to Winchester in January 1916. On 8 April 1916 the 3/21st was redesignated 21st Reserve Bn as part of the 2nd London Reserve Group (later 2nd London Reserve Brigade). It absorbed the 23rd Reserve Bn (former 3/23rd) in September 1916. In November 1917 it moved to Chiseldon Camp in Wiltshire and then to Benacre Park in Suffolk in 1918. It was disbanded on 11 September 1919 at Hunstanton.
31st Londons
The remaining Home Service men of the TF were separated when the 3rd Line battalions were raised in May 1915, and were formed into Provisional Battalions for home defence. The men of the First Surrey Rifles joined with those from the 17th (Poplar & Stepney Rifles) and 18th (London Irish Rifles) Battalions of the London Regiment to form 107th Provisional Battalion (Territorial Force) at Frinton-on-Sea in Essex. It joined 7th Provisional Brigade in the defences of East Anglia.
The Military Service Act 1916 swept away the Home/Foreign service distinction, and all TF soldiers became liable for overseas service, if medically fit. The Provisional Brigades thus became anomalous, and their units became numbered battalions of their parent units. On 1 January 1917 107th Provisional Bn absorbed 105th Provisional Bn (the former home service men of the 11th (Finsbury Rifles), 13th (Kensington), 15th (London Scottish) and 16th (Queen's Westminsters) Bns, London Regiment) to become 31st (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment, in 226th Mixed Bde, attached to 71st Division from 13 April 1917. By May 1917 the battalion was at St Osyth in Essex. Part of the role of the former provisional units was physical conditioning to render men fit for drafting overseas, and as men were drafted the 31st Londons was run down, and it was disbanded on 7 September 1917.
Interwar
The TF reformed on 7 February 1920 and was reconstituted in 1921 as the Territorial Army (TA). The London Regiment had been abolished in 1916, so its battalions were designated as regiments in their own right, the FSR becoming 21st London Regiment (First Surrey Rifles), once again affiliated to the East Surreys and once again in 142nd (6th London) Brigade of 47th (2nd London) Division.
35th (FSR) Anti-Aircraft Battalion
In 1935 the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence, particularly for London, was addressed by converting the 47th Division into the 1st Anti-Aircraft Division. A number of its infantry battalions were also converted to the AA role, the 21st Londons being transferred to the Royal Engineers (RE) as a searchlight unit on 15 December, becoming the 35th (1st Surrey Rifles) Anti Aircraft Battalion, RE (TA), with HQ and 340th–343rd AA Companies at Camberwell.
Despite its transfer to the RE, the battalion continued to wear its First Surreys cap badge. The 35th AA Bn was initially assigned to 27th (Home Counties) Anti-Aircraft Brigade in 1 AA Division.
World War II
35th (FSR) Searchlight Regiment
Mobilisation
The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the Munich Crisis, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment. The emergency lasted three weeks, and they were stood down on 13 October. In February 1939 the existing AA defences came under the control of a new Anti-Aircraft Command. In June a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA and searchlight positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations. By the outbreak of war in September 1939, the battalion was part of 47th AA Brigade in a new 5th AA Division formed to cover Southern England.
Battle of Britain
In 1940 the battalion transferred again to 38th Light AA Brigade back in 1 AA Division, defending London. In early May 1940, 342 AA Coy came under the operational control of 29th (Kent) AA Bn to thicken up the S/L distribution in Kent (29th AA Bn was in process of transferring from 29 (East Anglian) AA Bde to 27 (Home Counties) AA Bde in 5 AA Division).
On 1 August 1940 the RE's AA battalions were transferred to the Royal Artillery (RA) and were redesignated searchlight regiments, the FSR becoming 35th (First Surrey Rifles) Searchlight Regiment.
The Blitz
The S/L layouts had been based on a spacing of , but due to equipment shortages this had been extended to by September 1940. In November, during The Blitz, this was changed to clusters of three lights to improve illumination, but this meant that the clusters had to be spaced apart. The cluster system was an attempt to improve the chances of picking up enemy bombers and keeping them illuminated for engagement by AA guns or Royal Air Force (RAF) Night fighters. Eventually, one light in each cluster was to be equipped with SLC radar and act as 'master light', but the radar equipment was still in short supply.
The regiment supplied a cadre of experienced officers and men to 230th S/L Training Rgt at Blandford Camp where it provided the basis for a new 521 S/L Bty formed on 14 November 1940. This battery later joined 85th S/L Rgt. At the end of the Blitz in May 1941 342 S/L Bty returned to 35th S/L Rgt.
By October 1941 the availability of SLC radar was sufficient to allow AA Command's S/Ls to be 'declustered' into single-light sites spaced at 10,400-yard intervals in 'Indicator Belts' along the coast and 'Killer Belts' at 6000-yard spacing inland to cooperate with the RAF's night fighters. By December 1941 the regiment was in 27 (Home Counties) AA Bde in 5 AA Division, covering Portsmouth. On 23 January 1942, 342 Bty transferred to 79th S/L Rgt.
129th (FSR) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
In March 1942, the 35th (First Surrey Rifles) S/L Regt RA was reorganised as 129th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA (First Surrey Rifles) (TA), with 425, 426, 427 LAA Btys equipped with LAA guns instead of searchlights. 455 LAA Battery joined on 19 May 1942 from 81st LAA Rgt.
At first the new regiment was unbrigaded, but after training it joined 28th (Thames & Medway) AA Bde in 6 AA Division in June 1942, covering North Kent and the Thames estuary. It transferred to 71 AA Bde in September (except 427 LAA Bty, which remained attached to 28 AA Bde). Both brigades were in 6 AA Division, which was absorbed into a larger 2 AA Group on 1 October. In early December 129th (FSR) LAA Rgt transferred again within 2 AA Group to 6 AA Brigade, which covered RAF airfields in East Anglia.
On 1 May 1943, 6 AA Bde was redesignated 102 AA Bde and transferred from AA Command to the GHQ Reserve. 129th (FSR) LAA Regiment remained with 2 AA Group, transferring to 56 Light AA Bde and then back to 47 AA Bde by the summer, before becoming unbrigaded in September. By March 1944 it had joined 40 AA Bde in 2 AA Group.
Operation Diver
Shortly after D-Day, the Germans began launching V-1 flying bombs, codenamed 'Divers', against London. These presented AA Command's biggest challenge since the Blitz. Defences had been planned against this new form of attack (Operation Diver), but it presented a severe problem for AA guns, and after two weeks' experience AA Command carried out a major reorganisation, stripping guns from other areas and repositioning them along the South Coast to target V-1s coming in over the English Channel. 129th (FSR) LAA Regiment rejoined 102 AA Bde, which had taken responsibility for one sector of a new belt of anti-Diver defences under 2 AA Group.
The regiment moved with 102 AA Bde back to East Anglia under a new 9 AA Group after 21st Army Group overran the V-1 launching sites in Northern France and the Luftwaffe switched to air-launching V-1s from the North Sea during the autumn and winter.
At the end of 1944 the Luftwaffe was suffering from such shortages of pilots, aircraft and fuel that serious aerial attacks on the UK could be discounted. At the same time 21st Army Group fighting in North West Europe was suffering a severe manpower shortage. Large numbers of AA gunners were converted into infantry, and the strength of AA Command dwindled: 455 LAA Battery was disbanded at Anerley on 22 March 1945. The regiment transferred to 57 LAA Bde in March, and was still in 46 AA Bde in 2 AA Group after the war's end, without ever having served overseas.
Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 129th LAA Regiment with its three remaining batteries (425, 426, 427) was placed in suspended animation at Trowbridge Barracks. The war-raised personnel then reformed the regiment and batteries in the Regular Army with the same numbers. On 1 April, this regiment was redesignated 115th LAA Regiment with 348, 349, 350 LAA Btys. However, it was disbanded a month later.
Meanwhile, the First Surrey Rifles had reformed in the TA on 1 January 1947 as 570th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA, (First Surrey Rifles) with its HQ at Dulwich, forming part of 64 AA Bde (the former 38 AA Bde) in AA Comman. Its role was partly altered two years later when it was redesignated as an LAA/Searchlight regiment. From 1947 to 1955 the regiment continued to wear its 21st Londons cap badge and 1st Surrey Rifles arm badge.
In 1955, the regiment absorbed 622 Heavy AA Regiment (7th Queens Own) to form 570 LAA Regiment in 30 AA Bde. The combined regiment had no subsidiary title, but the parent units were recognised in the battery titles:
P (First Surrey Rifles) Bty
Q (First Surrey Rifles) Bty
R (Queen's)) Bty
S (Queen's)) Bty
In 1961 the regiment was merged into 265 LAA Regiment, becoming R (Surrey) Bty, and 265 LAA in turn was merged into 100 Regiment RA in 1967. In the 1970s a cadre of 265 Regiment was reformed at Camberwell as C Battery (21st London, 1st Surrey Rifles) in 6th (Volunteer) Bn Queen's Regiment. In 1975 the 6th and 7th Bns Queen's Regiment amalgamated, and in 1980, 10 Platoon of D Company at Camberwell was renamed 10 (Highwood) Platoon in memory of the men of the 1st Surrey Rifles killed at High Wood on the Somme. This was increased to company strength in the Queen's Fusiliers in 1988, but in 1993 it became part of C (City of London Fusiliers) Company in the modern-day London Regiment and the 1st Surrey Rifles affiliation was discontinued.
Honorary Colonels
The following served as Honorary Colonel of the regiment:
FM Sir George Pollock, GCB, KSI, appointed 6 July 1861
Lt-Gen Sir Francis Grenfell, GCB, GCMG, appointed 26 October 1889
Col Ernest Villiers, VD, ADC, appointed 2 December 1902 (former Captain, 43rd Light Infantry; Lt-Col of Volunteers 23 May 1883; CO of 1st Surreys from 20 November 1886; died 1921)
Brig-Gen H.B.P.L. Kennedy, CMG, DSO, Kings Royal Rifle Corps, appointed 15 March 1922 (regimental adjutant 1914; CO of 1/21st Bn August 1915 – May 1917, then commanding 140 Bde)
Lt-Col J.N. Horlick, OBE, MC, appointed 15 March 1932
Battle honours
The 1st Surrey Rifles received the following Battle Honours: those shown in bold type were borne on the drums and bugles (as a rifle regiment, no colours were carried):
South Africa 1900–02
Aubers, Festubert 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 '18, Flers-Courcelette, Le Transloy, Messines 1917, Ypres 1917, Cambrai 1917, St Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Ancre 1918, Amiens, Albert 1918, Pursuit to Mons, France and Flanders 1915–18, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1916–17, Gaza, El Mughar, Nebi Samwil, Jerusalem, Jericho, Jordan, Tell 'Asur, Palestine 1917–18.
The RA and RE do not receive battle honours, so none were awarded to the regiment for its service during World War II.
Traditions
The London RVCs of 1859–50 considered themselves the successors to the Volunteers of 1793–1815. The 1st Surreys claimed descent from the following Volunteer units:
The Bermondsey Volunteers (1793)
The Bermondsey Armed Association (1794)
The Southwark Armed Association (1794)
The Newington Armed Association (1794)
The Rotherhithe Armed Association (1794)
The Camberwell Armed Association (1794)
1st Regiment of Surrey Volunteers (1803) – before the 1914–18 battle honours were added to the arms of the cross, the lower arm of the cross forming the regimental badge bore the date '1803' (see photo above)
East Surrey, or Hanover Park Rifle Club (1852)
The Regimental March was Lutzow's Wild Hunt.
From 1980 to 1988, 10 Platoon of 6/7th Queen's Regiment was named 10 (Highwood) Platoon in memory of the men of the 1st Surrey Rifles killed at High Wood on the Somme.
Memorials
The regimental war memorial stands in front of St Giles' Church, Camberwell. The bronze plaque at the rear lists the battle honours won in World War I, which were later added to the regimental badge. Small panels have been added to the sides to commemorate those who served in South Africa 1899–1902 and those who were killed in World War II.
The regiment is one of those whose titles are inscribed on the City and County of London Troops Memorial in front of the Royal Exchange, London, with architectural design by Sir Aston Webb and sculpture by Alfred Drury. The right-hand (southern) bronze figure flanking this memorial depicts an infantryman representative of the various London infantry units.
The two wooden memorial crosses erected at High Wood and Eaucourt l'Abbaye by 47 Divisional Engineers in 1916 were falling into disrepair by 1925, when they were replaced in stone. The restored wooden crosses were preserved at the Duke of York's Headquarters in London (the former divisional HQ) until that building was sold in 2003, and are now at Connaught House, the HQ of the London Irish Rifles on the site of the former First Surrey Rifles drill hall at Flodden Road, Camberwell.
Sport
The 1st Surrey Rifles had an association football club drawn from its personnel which played on Flodden Road at Camberwell. In the early years of the FA Cup, it competed in the Cup ties, but never rose further than second round, scores from their point of view:
1872–73
1st round v Upton Park 2–0
2nd round v Maidenhead 0–3
1873–74
1st round v Barnes 0–0; replay 0–1
1875–76
1st round v Wanderers 0–5
1876–77
1st round v 105th Regiment 0–3
1877–78
1st round v Forest School 1–0
2nd round v Old Harrovians 0–6
1885–86
1st round v Clapham Rovers 0–12
1886–87
1st round v Upton Park 0–9
Footnotes
Notes
References
Anon, A War Record of the 21st London Regiment (First Surrey Rifles), 1914–1919, 1927/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2003, .
Anon, Regimental Badges and Service Caps, London: George Philip & Sons, 1941.
Maj R. Money Barnes, The Soldiers of London, London: Seeley Service, 1963.
Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
Ian F.W. Beckett, Riflemen Form: A study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement 1859–1908, Aldershot: Ogilby Trusts, 1982, .
Col P.H. Dalbaic, History of the 60th Division (2/2nd London Division), London: George Allen & Unwin, 1927/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, .
Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, .
J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, .
J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol II, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, .
Brig E.A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, Samson Books 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, .
N.B. Leslie, Battle Honours of the British and Indian Armies 1695–1914, London: Leo Cooper, 1970, .
Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, .
Alan H. Maude (ed.), The History of the 47th (London) Division 1914–1919, London: Amalgamated Press, 1922/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2002, .
Lt-Col H.R. Martin, Historical Record of the London Regiment, 2nd Edn (nd)
Sir Frederick Pile's despatch: "The Anti-Aircraft Defence of the United Kingdom from 28th July, 1939, to 15th April, 1945" London Gazette 18 December 1947
Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994,
War Office, Army Council Instructions Issued During January 1916, London: HM Stationery Office, 1916.
War Office, Titles and Designations of Formations and Units of the Territorial Army, London: War Office, 7 November 1927.
Graham E. Watson & Richard A. Rinaldi, The Corps of Royal Engineers: Organization and Units 1889–2018, Tiger Lily Books, 2018, .
Ray Westlake, Tracing the Rifle Volunteers, Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2010, .
Online sources
British Army units from 1945 on
British Military History
Great War Forum
The Long, Long Trail
Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org)
The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918
Royal Artillery 1939–1945
Imperial War Museum War Memorials Archive
Graham Watson, The Territorial Army 1947
Surrey
Military units and formations disestablished in 1993
Surrey
East Surrey Regiment
Military units and formations in London
Surrey Rifles
Military units and formations in Surrey
Military units and formations in Camberwell
1859 establishments in the United Kingdom |
Paranjothi (), popularly known as Sirruthondar was an army general of the great Pallava king Narasimavarman I who ruled South India from 630–668 CE. He also led the Pallava army during the invasion of Vatapi in 642 CE. In the later years of his life, Paranjothi gave up violence and became a wandering Saivite monk, Sirruthonda nayanar. He is venerated as one of the 63 Nayanmars.
Early life
Paranjothi, was born in a Tamil warrior clan(Title: Mamaathirar), who served as soliders in chola aramy, in Chengattankudi (now Thiruchenkkatukudi) village of Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu during the 7th century AD. Tamil Nadu was ruled by Mahendravarman I of the Pallava dynasty with Kanchipuram as its capital. Paranjothi, who had mastered the art of war moves to Kanchipuram to learn literature and saivite scriptures, Kanchipuram was then a renowned knowledge capital in India.
Conquest of Vatapi
King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army. After the death of Mahendravarman in 630 CE, his son Narasimavarman became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king Narasimavarman. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to Vatapi in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, Pulakeshin. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and Vatapi was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of Mahendravarman by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.
Vatapi Ganapathi
During the dawn of war, Paranjothi worshipped a Ganesha sculpture on the walls of Vatapi fort. On the return from the victorious battlefield, he took the statue of Ganesha to his birthplace Tiruchenkattankudi to be worshipped as Vatapi Ganapathi. The statue and shrine to Vathapi Ganapathi is located in a temple in Tiruchenkattankudi in Nagapattinam district in the Tamil Nadu state of India.
Sirutthondar
On the victorious battle field Paranjothi underwent a change of heart and devoted himself to Lord Shiva. Paranjothi became an ardent devotee of Lord Siva and was then called as Sirutthondar. He later became one of 63 Nayanmar Saints. Sirutthondar's life and devotion are narrated in Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam.
In Popular Culture
Paranjothi is one of the prominent characters in Tamil historical fiction novel Sivagamiyin Sapatham by Kalki Krishnamurthy. This talks about the young years of Pranjothi where he raises in the ranks of the Pallava army and becomes the army general, his deeds in securing the Kachi fort from the imminent Vatapi invasion, his war on Vatapi Pulikesi and his eventual win over the Chalukyas.
Further reading
Parthiban Kanavu
Sivagamiyin sabatham
Vatapi Ganapathi
References
External links
Nayanars
7th-century monarchs in Asia
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
Maresca is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Enzo Maresca (born 1980), Italian professional footballer
Ernie Maresca (1938–2015), American singer-songwriter and record company executive
John J. Maresca, Italian-American diplomat, business leader, and educator
Liliana Maresca (1951–1994), Argentine artist
Pupetta Maresca (born 1935), aka Pupetta (Little Doll), a former beauty queen and a well-known figure in the Camorra
See also
Moresca |
```c++
#pragma once
/*
xlat.hpp
XLat -
*/
/*
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the authors may not be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <WinCompat.h>
#include <KeyFileHelper.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
class Xlator
{
std::wstring _latin, _local;
struct Rules : std::vector<std::pair<wchar_t, wchar_t>>
{
void InitFromValue(const std::wstring &v);
} _after_latin, _after_local, _after_other;
size_t _min_len_table{0};
enum
{
UNKNOWN,
LATIN,
LOCAL,
} _cur_lang{UNKNOWN};
void InitFromValues(KeyFileValues &kfv);
public:
Xlator(DWORD flags);
bool Valid() const { return _min_len_table != 0; }
wchar_t Transcode(wchar_t chr);
};
wchar_t *WINAPI Xlat(wchar_t *Line, int StartPos, int EndPos, DWORD Flags);
``` |
Friedolsheim (; ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
History
The village's origins stretch back into antiquity. Many Gallo-Roman remains have been found along with the remains of a road dating back to the second century. The first written reference to Friedolsheim is 770 when it was included in the property of the Abbey of Fulda. A further reference dates from 826 when the village was called Friedesheim and enjoyed a privileged status of direct control under the empire: the village was part of the Bailiwick of Kochersberg, subject to the joint and indivisible control of the Holy Roman Emperor and of the Bishop of Strasbourg. In 1496, the emperor's portion was acquired by the City of Strasbourg.
Friedolsheim came under the parish of Maennolsheim until 1343 when, for ecclesiastical purposes, it passed to the authority of the rural chaplaincy of Betbur, a village near the present site of Kleingœft which disappeared in the wake of the Peasants' Revolt of 1493. In 1803 Friedolsheim became a stand-alone parish.
See also
Communes of the Bas-Rhin department
References
Communes of Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
18O or variant, may refer to:
Oxygen 18 (18O), an isotope of oxygen with atomic mass number 18 (8 protons + 10 neutrons)
2019 Catalan general strike (18-O)
18º, a way to write the ordinal number 18th (eighteenth)
See also
δ18O
O-18 (disambiguation) and O18
18 (disambiguation)
O (disambiguation)
180 (disambiguation) (one-eight-zero; 180)
I80 (disambiguation) (i-eight-zero; I80)
l80 (disambiguation) (L-eight-zero; l80) |
Horacio Zeballos was the defending champion, but chose not to participate.Eduardo Schwank won in the final 6–4, 6–2 against Juan Pablo Brzezicki.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
External links
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
2010 ATP Challenger Tour
2010 Singles |
An ion drift meter is a device used to measure the velocity of individual ions in the area of a spacecraft. This information can then be used to calculate the ion drift in the space surrounding the instrument as well as the strength of an electric field present, provided that the magnetic field strength has been determined using a magnetometer.
The device itself works by allowing ions to pass through an opening at the front of the instrument and measuring the currents produced by the impacts of ions in different locations on a grid at the back. The trajectories of the ions can then be determined.
Ion drift meters have been used on several spacecraft including the Dynamics Explorer, CHAMP and Ionospheric Connection Explorer.
References
Measuring instruments |
Gmina Grabów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Grabów, which lies approximately north-west of Łęczyca and north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 6,480.
Villages
Gmina Grabów contains the villages and settlements of Besiekiery, Biała Góra, Borów, Borucice, Bowętów, Brudzeń, Budki, Byszew, Chorki, Gać, Golbice, Goszczędza, Grabów, Jastrzębia, Jaworów, Kadzidłowa, Kotków, Ksawerów, Kurzjama, Leszno, Nagórki, Nowa Sobótka, Nowy Besk, Odechów, Ostrówek, Piaski, Pieczew, Piotrkówek, Radzyń, Sławęcin, Smardzew, Smolice, Sobótka-Kolonia, Srebrna, Stara Sobótka, Stary Besk, Wygorzele, Żaczki and Źrebięta.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Grabów is bordered by the gminas of Chodów, Dąbie, Daszyna, Kłodawa, Łęczyca, Olszówka and Świnice Warckie.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Grabow
Łęczyca County |
The is a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type owned by the third-sector railway company Chiba New Town Railway and operated by the Hokuso Railway on the Hokuso Line in Japan since 1 March 2013.
Design
The design is based on the Keisei 3050 series, and is similar to the Hokuso 7500 series and Shin-Keisei N800 series trains also based on the same design.
Formation
The eight-car set is formed as shown below, with six motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.
The "M1" cars each have two PT7131-B single-arm pantographs, and the "M" car has one.
Interior
The interior design is virtually identical to the Hokuso 7500 series, with passenger accommodation consisting of longitudinal bench seating throughout, although whereas the Hokuso 7500 series has three LED scrolling passenger information display units per car, the 9200 series has six 15-inch LCD screens per car, like the Keisei 3050 series, located above each doorway.
History
The sole set, 9201, was delivered to the Hokuso Line depot at Inba from the Nippon Sharyo factory in Toyokawa, Aichi in February 2013. It entered revenue service from 1 March 2013.
References
External links
Hokuso Railway rolling stock details
Electric multiple units of Japan
Train-related introductions in 2013
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
ja:北総鉄道7500形電車#千葉ニュータウン鉄道9200形 |
Sappho (died ) was an ancient Greek poet.
Sappho may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Sappho (painting), an 1890s art piece by Ernst Stückelberg
Sappho (play), an 1818 tragedy by Franz Grillparzer
Sappho (film), a 1921 German silent film starring Pola Negri
Sapho ou La fureur d'aimer, 1971 French film with Marina Vlady and Renaud Verley
Sappho, a 1963 opera by Peggy Glanville-Hicks
Organisations
Sappho (organisation), a lesbian social group in the United Kingdom
Sappho for Equality, an LGBT rights campaign group in East India
Other people with the name
Sappho Leontias (1832–1900), Greek writer
Places
Sappho, Washington, an unincorporated community in the United States
Sappho Point, a headland on the island of South Georgia
Science
Sappho (bird), a hummingbird genus
80 Sappho, a stony, main-belt asteroid
Ships
– one of several mercantile vessels
– one of five vessels of the British Royal Navy, or two planned vessels
– either of two vessels of the United States Navy
See also
Saffo (disambiguation)
Sapho (disambiguation)
Sapphic (disambiguation) |
Virgil was an unincorporated community in Roane County, West Virginia, United States.
References
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Roane County, West Virginia |
James Lawrence Isherwood (1917–1989) was an English artist, born in Wigan, Lancashire. He often painted subject and images (landscapes, seascapes, and portraits) from the Wigan area in a style that became known as 'Wigan style'. His style has been described as Impressionist/Expressionist.
Isherwood was a friend of the artist L. S. Lowry, who purchased his Woman with Black Cat and displayed it at his home.
A BBC documentary, I am Isherwood was made in 1974 about the artist and his work. This was transmitted twice by the BBC, once in 1974 and again in 1975.
Isherwood died in 1989.
Collections
Isherwood's work is represented in the permanent collections of the Hereford Museum and Art Gallery, the Warrington Museum and Art Gallery, the Salford Museum and Art Gallery, among other venues.
References
External links
http://www.isherwoodart.co.uk/ James Lawrence Isherwood art and Works for sale
http://www.artbyisherwood.co.uk The official Isherwood website
1917 births
1989 deaths
20th-century English painters
English male painters
Landscape artists
Modern painters
Naïve painters
People from Wigan
20th-century English male artists |
Bushenyi is a town in Western Uganda. It is the 'chief town' of Bushenyi District and the district headquarters are located there. The district is named after the town, in keeping with the practice in most of the districts in the country.
Location
Bushenyi is located on the Mbarara–Ishaka Road, approximately , by road, west of Mbarara, the largest city in the sub-region. This is about east of the town of Ishaka.
Kampala, the national capital and largest city in the country lies approximately , by road to the north-east of Bushenyi. The coordinates of the town are 0°32'30.0"S 30°11'16.0"E (Latitude:-0.541667; Longitude:30.187778).
Population
The 2002 the national census enumerated the combined population of Bushenyi-Ishaka Metropolitan Area at 37,664. In 2014, the national population census put the population of Bushenyi, including Ishaka, at 41,217. In 2020, the statistics agency estimated the mid-year population of the town at 43,700 inhabitants. UBOS calculated that the population of this town expanded at an average rate of 1.01 percent annually, between 2014 and 2020.
Points of interest
The following points of interest lie in the town or near the town limits: (a) the headquarters of Bushenyi District Administration (b) the offices of Bushenyi–Ishaka Town Council (c) Bushenyi Central Market, the largest source of fresh produce in the town.
Also located here is Ishaka Adventist Hospital, a 120-bed health facility administered by the Adventist Church.
National Social Security Fund, maintains a branch in this town. A number of Ugandan commercial banks, including Centenary Bank, Finance Trust Bank, DFCU Bank and Stanbic Bank Uganda maintain branches in the town.
The Western Campus of Kampala International University, including its 500-bed teaching hospital, are located here. Other notable educational institutions include Bweranyangi Girls' Senior Secondary School, a residential all-girls middle and high school and Uganda Technical College, Bushenyi.
Four national roads; (a) Mbarara–Ishaka Road (b) Kikorongo–Ishaka Road (c) Ishaka–Kagamba Road and (d) Kashenyi–Mitooma Road confluence in the town of Ishaka, in the Bushenyi–Ishaka Municipality.
See also
List of cities and towns in Uganda
References
External links
Attractions in Bushenyi
Water governance in small towns at the rural-urban intersection: the case of Bushenyi-Ishaka, Uganda As of March 2018.
Populated places in Western Region, Uganda
Cities in the Great Rift Valley
Bushenyi District
Ankole sub-region |
The Civil Society Coalition on Climate Change (CSCCC) is an entity that maintains a website and describes itself as a global group of non-profit organizations with a mission of "seek[ing] to educate the public about the science and economics of climate change in an impartial manner." The Coalition identifies its membership as including 60 independent nonprofit organisations from 40 countries "who share a commitment to improving public understanding about a range of public policy issues." It calls itself "a free-market alternative to mainstream environmentalism." An Indian news media report states that it was founded by the International Policy Network, a London-based organization that receives support from Exxon Mobil.
The group publishes background papers and opinion editorials on the science and economics of climate change and maintains a blog. Its Civil Society Report on Climate Change was published in 2007, shortly before the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Bali. CSCCC experts make media appearances, such as Julian Morris's 2007 feature on Larry King Live and his televised debate in 2008 with IPCC head Rajendra Pachauri.
This IPN in the UK has Julian Morris as executive director. It is actually a part of the Atlas Group/Network (aka Atlas Economic Research Institute) which was founded by UK factory-chicken king, Sir Antony Fisher (one of PM Margaret Thatcher's economic gurus) and American Loctite millionaire Richard Krieble. They had funding support from Krieble, Richard Mellon Scaife, and Philip Morris. Fisher is reputed to have had a primary hand in establishing up to 150 libertarian think-tanks around the world.
Fisher's daughter, Linda Whetstone, now works for the (Fisher-founded) Adam Smith Institute. She is also the chairperson of the International Policy Network, and is on the Boards of Directors of the Mont Pelerin Society, the Institute of Economic Affairs and the Atlas Group in the USA. Coalitions and networks of this kind a common with Atlas Group think-tanks, and many of their key staff and directors serve on many different organisations. This faux-multiplicity amplifies the apparent strength of the public attacks on climate-change science. See also the Stockholm Network. and
References
External links
https://www.youtube.com/user/ipnlondon#p/u/14/gIBSKk0b3Zo
International climate change organizations |
A S16 ribosomal protein leader is a ribosomal protein leader involved in ribosome biogenesis. It is used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the concentration of the ribosomal protein S16. Known Examples were predicted in Flavobacteria with bioinformatic approaches. The structure is located in the 5′ untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins L16 (rpsP) and the ribosome maturation factor protein (rimM).
References
External links
Ribosomal protein leader |
Mahawewa Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Puttalam District, of North Western Province, Sri Lanka.
References
Divisional Secretariats Portal
Divisional Secretariats of Puttalam District |
Laleh is the self-titled debut album by Swedish singer-songwriter Laleh, released on 30 March 2005 on Warner Music Sweden Records. The album, which was both written and produced by Laleh herself, was nominated to "Album of the Year" at the Grammis Awards for 2005 but lost to pop singer Robyn for her self-titled album "Robyn". The album was also a success on the Swedish Albums Chart where it peaked at number one and stayed on the list for 71 weeks. The album is sung in English, Swedish and Persian.
Singles
"Invisible (My Song)" was released as Laleh's debut single on 5 February 2005. The song peaked at number seven on the Swedish Singles Chart and is so far the only top ten song written by Laleh on the Swedish Singles Chart.
"Storebror" was released as Laleh's second single on 4 May 2005. The song didn't manage to break into the charts.
"Live Tomorrow" was released as Laleh's third single on 31 August 2005. The song peaked at number twenty on the Swedish Singles Chart and at number eleven on the Danish Singles Chart.
"Forgive But Not Forget" was released as Laleh's fourth single on 12 February 2006. The song peaked at number forty-six on the Swedish Singles Chart.
Track listing
All songs written, performed, recorded and produced by Laleh.
"Invisible (My Song)" – 4:18
"Live Tomorrow" – 3:37
"Forgive But Not Forget" – 3:11
"Interlude" – 1:10
"Hame Baham" – 3:46
"Bostadsansökan" – 3:38 (Housing Application)
"Kom Tilda" – 4:09 (Come Tilda)
"Storebror" – 4:04 (Big Brother)
"Tell Me" – 3:43
"Salvation" – 4:11
"How Wrong" – 3:39
"Han tuggar kex" – 3:35 (He Chews Biscuits)
"Der yek gooshe" – 3:24
"Hide Away" – 3:53
Credits
Additional personnel
Magnus Larsson – bass (on "Storebror")
Production
Mastering: Henrik Johnson
Mastering studio: Masters of Audio
Mixing: Henrik Edenhed
Mixing studio: Ljudhavet
Photography: Nina Ramsby, Sevin Aslanzadeh
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2005 debut albums
Laleh (singer) albums |
Contact from the Underworld of Redboy is an album by Robbie Robertson. It was released in 1998 by Capitol Records. The album is composed of music inspired by Aboriginal Canadian music (including traditional Aboriginal Canadian songs and chants), as well as modern rock, trip hop, and electronica, with the various styles often integrated together in the same song. It features many guest artists.
The album peaked at No. 119 on the Billboard 200.
Critical reception
AllMusic wrote that Robertson's "lyrical and musical concerns can get bogged down in their own pretensions, but often, the results are provocative and unique."
Track listing
"The Sound Is Fading" featuring Leah Hicks-Manning (lyrics: traditional; music: Howie Bernstein, Robbie Robertson) – 5:00
"The Code of Handsome Lake" (Robertson) – 6:11
"Making a Noise" (Robertson) – 5:11
"Unbound" (Robertson, Tim Gordine) – 4:35
"Sacrifice" featuring Leonard Peltier (Robertson, Marius de Vries, Peltier) – 6:18
"Rattlebone" (Robertson, de Vries) – 4:26
"Peyote Healing" featuring Verdell Primeaux and Johnny Mike (lyrics: Primeaux, Mike; music: de Vries, Robertson) – 6:10
"In the Blood" (Robertson, Gordine) – 4:35
"Stomp Dance (Unity)" featuring The Six Nations Women Singers (Robertson, Jim Wilson; traditional) – 4:49
"The Lights" (Robertson, Bernstein) – 5:54
"Take Your Partner by the Hand (Red Alert Mix)" (Robertson, Bernstein) – 6:43 [bonus track]
Japanese Edition Bonus Tracks
"Holy Hell"
"Pray"
"Making A Noise (Midnight Special)"
Personnel
1. "The Sound Is Fading"
Produced by Howie B and Robbie Robertson
Engineered and Mixed by Howie B
Featuring Leah Hicks-Manning – vocals
Jeremy Shaw – keyboards and tuning
Jules Brooks – keyboards
Jony Rockstar – programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
2. "The Code of Handsome Lake"
Produced by Marius de Vries and Robbie Robertson
Mixed by Andy Bradfield and Marius de Vries
Joanne Shenandoah – vocals
James Bilagody – vocals
Chief Jake Thomas – spoken word
Marius de Vries – keyboards and programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
3. "Making a Noise"
Produced by Howie B, Marius de Vries and Robbie Robertson
Engineered and Mixed by Howie B
James Bilagody, Jackie Bird, Star Nayea, Ivan Neville, Rita Coolidge, Cree Summer – vocals
Jeremy Shaw – keyboards and tuning
Jony Rockstar – programming
Marius de Vries – programming
Geoffrey Gordon – frame drum
David Campbell – string arrangement
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
4. "Unbound"
Produced by Tim Gordine and Robbie Robertson
Engineered and Mixed by Tim Gordine
Rupert Brown – drums
Caroline MacKendrick – vocals
Tim Gordine – keyboards and programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
5. "Sacrifice"
Produced by Marius de Vries and Robbie Robertson
Mixed by Andy Bradfield and Marius de Vries
Featuring Leonard Peltier – spoken word
Bonnie Jo Hunt – vocals
Anthony Begay – vocals
Maztl Galindo – flute
Benito Concha – drum
Marius de Vries – keyboards and programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
6. "Rattlebone"
Produced by Marius de Vries and Robbie Robertson
Mixed by Carmen Rizzo and Marius de Vries
Tudjaat (Madeleine Allakariallak and Phoebe Atagotaaluk) – throat singing
James Bilagody – vocals
Cree Summer – vocals
Marius de Vries – keyboards and programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
7. "Peyote Healing"
Produced by Marius de Vries and Robbie Robertson
Mixed by Andy Bradfield and Marius de Vries
Featuring Verdell Primeaux and Johnny Mike – vocals
Geoffrey Gordon, Jim Wilson – drums and percussion
Marius de Vries – keyboards and programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar
8. "In the Blood"
Produced by Tim Gordine and Robbie Robertson
Engineered by Tim Gordine and Mixed by Chris Fogel
Jony Rockstar – programming
Caroline MacKendrick – vocals
Tim Gordine – keyboards and programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
9. "Stomp Dance (Unity)"
Produced by Jim Wilson and Robbie Robertson
Mixed by Carmen Rizzo
The Six Nations Women Singers – vocals
Rita Coolidge, Priscilla Coolidge, Laura Satterfield, Star Nayea – vocals
Geoffrey Gordon – percussion
Joel Shearer – bass
Jim Wilson – keyboards and programming
Vinez Pvel – re-programming
Andrew Scheps – programming
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
10. "The Lights"
Produced by Howie B and Robbie Robertson
Engineered and Mixed by Howie B
Laura Satterfield – vocals
Jony Rockstar – programming and NC-303 treatment
Bill Dillon – guitar
Jeremy Shaw – keyboards and tuning
Robbie Robertson – guitar and vocals
11. "Take Your Partner by the Hand (Red Alert Mix)"
Remix by DJ Premier
References
1998 albums
Capitol Records albums
Electronic albums by Canadian artists
Robbie Robertson albums
albums produced by Howie B
Albums produced by Robbie Robertson
Albums produced by DJ Premier
albums produced by Marius de Vries
Juno Award for Indigenous Music Album of the Year albums |
Hanbury Manor, centred on the multi-wing Hanbury Manor Hotel, is a converted late-Victorian country house and adjoining golf course in Thundridge, north of Ware, Hertfordshire, some north of Greater London. It is part of a leisure retreat and country club owned by Marriott Hotels. The house is Grade II* listed on the National Heritage List for England.
History
Grant of land to Reginald Pole (1500-1558)
A purported manor here derives from ownership of a grand house approximately on the site of the current house in the 16th century. A manor is a leading family estate typically with farmland and other manorial rights across a wider area. The longstanding mention of the estate as 'Poles' derives from the erection of a major house (and possible subinfeudation of some of the Church Manor's rights rather than inheritance of a medieval manor) to Reginald Pole, a cardinal before Henry VIII's English Reformation. His mother The Blessèd Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury was the last legitimate Plantagenet based on strict patrilineality. He served two years as the last catholic Archbishop of Canterbury and died 12 hours after Queen Mary I of England.
Sampson Hanbury (1769–1835)
During the final years of the 18th century the Hanbury family chose to settle here (first becoming lessees) and later purchasers. This branch of the Hanbury family had Norman noble ancestry; forebear Geoffrey De Hanbury (a Norman first name) settled in Worcestershire in the 14th century. Sampson Hanbury bought Poles outright about the year 1800. From 1799 to 1830 he was Master of the Puckeridge Hounds. Childless, he left Poles to his widow, Agatha.
Robert Hanbury (1798–1884)
Robert Hanbury was senior partner in the Truman, Hanbury, Buxton & Co major brewery in East London. He inherited Poles on the death of his aunt Agatha in 1847. He was a magistrate and Deputy Lieutenant, and in 1854 became the High Sheriff of Hertfordshire. His son, also Robert Hanbury (aka Robert Culling Hanbury after second marriage) (1823–1867) died before inheriting. He was a partner in the brewery and from 1857 to 1867 was one of the two MPs for Middlesex.
Edmund Smith Hanbury (1850–1913)
Edmund Hanbury was a partner in the brewery from 1873, from which he retired in 1886.
On his grandfather's death he brought his family to live at Poles, a property which, at that time, was in excess of . His wife, Amy, found the house to be a rambling, uninhabitable monstrosity and refused to live in it.
Architects Sir Ernest George and Harold Peto designed a replacement grand house, built by Simpsons & Ayrton of Paddington in 1890–91 for £20,000. The final cost, £30,000 (), may well have hastened the end of the great prosperity of his branch of the family. The house, built in the Jacobean style in red brick with blue brick reticulation and stone mullioned windows, was the first in the parish to have electricity and to have a central heating system.
Like his father, he became a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant and in 1891 High Sheriff of Hertfordshire. In later life, he was for two years, 1906–1909, Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers.
A service wing and stables were added in 1913, by which time the estate had shrunk to .
Robert Francis Hanbury (1883–1960)
Edmund's only son, Robert Francis Hanbury, a barrister, sold Poles in 1914 to Mr. H.J. King.
Poles Convent
In 1923 the house was purchased by the Faithful Companions of Jesus with the intent of establishing a convent school. The house was transformed in 1934 with the addition of a gym, classrooms, dormitories, a three-storeyed tower, and a new chapel. From 1974, some girls from the convent school progressed into the sixth form of nearby St Edmund's College, Ware, although the two schools were independently managed. By the time the school closed in 1986 the separate St Edmund's College was fully co-educational.
Notable former pupils
Sarah Badel, actress
Karren Brady, sporting executive and broadcaster
Terry Keane, Irish social columnist and fashion journalist
Pilar Ordovas, antiquities dealer
Hotel
The estate was redeveloped and extended over a three-year period by Landbase Ltd as a 5-star hotel and country club, opening in 1990 with RockResorts as the first operator. The development was majority funded by local building firm Hubert C Leach.
The former parts of the main building whilst a convent school having been a gym, chapel and classrooms, formed the base for a conference and banqueting centre set around the courtyard. The latter-day chapel, renamed Poles Hall, forms the main banqueting hall. The development in 1988/89 added a wing onto the main building containing swimming pool, gym, changing rooms, squash courts, bar, brasserie restaurant, and billiard room. An annexe next to the walled garden (known as the Garden Court) added 53 bedrooms at the same time.
Country Club Hotel Group took over as the hotel operator in 1994, and subsequently was bought out by Marriott International, who added a 65-bedroom extension in 1999 and currently own and operate the hotel and golf course.
The Hanbury Manor golf course was first designed by Harry Vardon in the early 1900s as a 9-hole course, and the newer (1991) 18-hole course by Jack Nicklaus II. The course hosted the Marks & Spencer European Open in 1996 and the English Open from 1997 to 1999.
The wedding of Paul and Sheryl Gascoigne took place there in 1996.
References
External links
Catholic schools in the United Kingdom
Country houses in Hertfordshire
Ernest George buildings
Golf clubs and courses designed by Harry Vardon
Grade II* listed buildings in Hertfordshire
Grade II* listed houses
Harold Peto buildings
Hotels in Hertfordshire
Houses completed in 1891
Jacobethan architecture
Marriott hotels
Ware, Hertfordshire
Country house hotels |
Far Away from Conformity is the second full-length album from Cadaveria. The album was recorded at the Capitan Woofer Studios of Saluggia (Vercelli, Italy).
Track listing
Personnel
Killer Bob – bass
Frank Booth – guitar
Cadaveria – vocals
Marcelo Santos (aka Flegias) – drums
References
Far Away From Conformity
Cadaveria albums
Scarlet Records albums |
Flow Science, Inc. is a developer of software for computational fluid dynamics, also known as CFD, a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows.
History
The firm was founded by Dr. C. W. "Tony" Hirt, previously a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Hirt is known for having pioneered the volume of fluid method (VOF) for tracking and locating the free surface or fluid-fluid interface. T Hirt left LANL and founded Flow Science in 1980 to develop CFD software for industrial and scientific applications using the VOF method .
The company is located in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The company opened an office in Japan in June 2011, and an office in Germany in 2012.
In December 2021 the holding company Dr. Flender Holding GmbH, of Aachen, Germany, acquired 100% of Flow Science Inc. shares.
Products
The company's products include FLOW-3D, a CFD software analyzing various physical flow processes; FLOW-3D CAST, a software product for metal casting users; FLOW-3D AM, a software product for simulating additive manufacturing and laser welding processes; FLOW-3D HYDRO, a software product for civil, environmental, and coastal engineers; FLOW-3D CLOUD, a cloud computing service installed on Penguin Computing On Demand (POD); FLOW-3D POST, a post-processing software built on ParaView; and FLOW-3D (x), an optimization and workflow automation software. There are high-performance computing (HPC) versions of both FLOW-3D and FLOW-3D CAST. FLOW-3D software uses a fractional areas/volumes approach called FAVOR for defining problem geometry, and a free-gridding technique for mesh generation.
Desktop Engineering Magazine, in a review of FLOW-3D Version 10.0, said: “Key enhancements include fluid structure interaction (FSI) and thermal stress evolution (TSE) models that use a combination of conforming finite-element and structured finite-difference meshes. You use these to simulate and analyze the deformations of solid components as well as solidified fluid regions and resulting stresses in response to pressure forces and thermal gradients.”
Key improvements of FLOW-3D Version 11.0 included increased meshing capabilities, solution sub-domains, an improved core gas model and improved surface tension model. FLOW-3D v11.0 also included a new visualization tool, FlowSight. Key improvements of FLOW-3D Version 12.0 included a visual overhaul of the GUI, an immersed boundary method, sludge settling model, a 2-fluid 2-temperature model, and a steady-state accelerator.
Applications
Blue Hill Hydraulics used FLOW-3D software to update the design of a fish ladder on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, that helps alewife migrate to the fresh water spawning habitat. T.
AECOM Technology Corporation studied emergency overflows from the Powell Butte Reservoir and demonstrated that the existing energy dissipation structure was not capable of handling per day, the maximum expected overflow rate. The FLOW-3D simulation demonstrated that problem could be solved by increasing the height of the wing walls by exactly one foot.
Researchers from the CAST Cooperative Research Centre and M. Murray Associates developed flow and thermal control methods for the high pressure die casting of thin-walled aluminum components with thicknesses of less than 1 mm. FLOW-3D simulation predicted the complex structure of the metal flow in the die and subsequent casting solidification.
Researchers at DuPont used FLOW-3D to optimize coating processes for a solution-coated active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display technology.
Eastman Kodak Company researchers rapidly developed an inkjet printer technology using FLOW 3-D simulation technology for predicting the performance of printhead designs .
A research team composed of members from Auburn University, Lamar University and RJR Engineering used Flow Science’s TruVOF method as a virtual laboratory to evaluate performance of highway pavement and drainage inlets with different geometries.
Researchers at Albany Chicago LLC and the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee used FLOW-3D in conjunction with a one-dimensional algorithm to analyze the slow-shot and fast-shot die casting processes in order to reduce the number of iterations required to achieve desired process parameters.
References
Companies based in Santa Fe, New Mexico
Computational fluid dynamics
Software companies based in New Mexico
Software companies of the United States |
Catfish Creek (Texas) is a river in Henderson County, Texas. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1983.
See also
List of rivers of Texas
References
USGS Hydrologic Unit Map - State of Texas (1974)
Rivers of Texas
Tributaries of the Red River of the South
Rivers of Anderson County, Texas
National Natural Landmarks in Texas |
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