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Rafał Patyra (born 25 July 1974 in Lubartów) is a Polish sport journalist, who has worked in Telewizja Polska since 2003. He also worked for TVN and TV Puls.
In June 2006, Patyra was working at 2006 FIFA World Cup as a reporter. He was a member of TVP equipe.
External links
TVP.pl
1974 births
Polish television journalists
Polish sports journalists
Living people
People from Lubartów |
```python
# yellowbrick.model_selection.validation_curve
# Implements a visual validation curve for a hyperparameter.
#
# Author: Benjamin Bengfort
# Created: Sat Mar 31 06:27:28 2018 -0400
#
# For license information, see LICENSE.txt
#
# ID: validation_curve.py [c5355ee] benjamin@bengfort.com $
"""
Implements a visual validation curve for a hyperparameter.
"""
##########################################################################
# Imports
##########################################################################
import numpy as np
from yellowbrick.base import ModelVisualizer
from yellowbrick.style import resolve_colors
from yellowbrick.exceptions import YellowbrickValueError
from sklearn.model_selection import validation_curve as sk_validation_curve
##########################################################################
# ValidationCurve visualizer
##########################################################################
class ValidationCurve(ModelVisualizer):
"""
Visualizes the validation curve for both test and training data for a
range of values for a single hyperparameter of the model. Adjusting the
value of a hyperparameter adjusts the complexity of a model. Less complex
models suffer from increased error due to bias, while more complex models
suffer from increased error due to variance. By inspecting the training
and cross-validated test score error, it is possible to estimate a good
value for a hyperparameter that balances the bias/variance trade-off.
The visualizer evaluates cross-validated training and test scores for the
different hyperparameters supplied. The curve is plotted so that the
x-axis is the value of the hyperparameter and the y-axis is the model
score. This is similar to a grid search with a single hyperparameter.
The cross-validation generator splits the dataset k times, and scores are
averaged over all k runs for the training and test subsets. The curve
plots the mean score, and the filled in area suggests the variability of
cross-validation by plotting one standard deviation above and below the
mean for each split.
Parameters
----------
estimator : a scikit-learn estimator
An object that implements ``fit`` and ``predict``, can be a
classifier, regressor, or clusterer so long as there is also a valid
associated scoring metric.
Note that the object is cloned for each validation.
param_name : string
Name of the parameter that will be varied.
param_range : array-like, shape (n_values,)
The values of the parameter that will be evaluated.
ax : matplotlib.Axes object, optional
The axes object to plot the figure on.
logx : boolean, optional
If True, plots the x-axis with a logarithmic scale.
groups : array-like, with shape (n_samples,)
Optional group labels for the samples used while splitting the dataset
into train/test sets.
cv : int, cross-validation generator or an iterable, optional
Determines the cross-validation splitting strategy.
Possible inputs for cv are:
- None, to use the default 3-fold cross-validation,
- integer, to specify the number of folds.
- An object to be used as a cross-validation generator.
- An iterable yielding train/test splits.
see the scikit-learn
`cross-validation guide <path_to_url`_
for more information on the possible strategies that can be used here.
scoring : string, callable or None, optional, default: None
A string or scorer callable object / function with signature
``scorer(estimator, X, y)``. See scikit-learn model evaluation
documentation for names of possible metrics.
n_jobs : integer, optional
Number of jobs to run in parallel (default 1).
pre_dispatch : integer or string, optional
Number of predispatched jobs for parallel execution (default is
all). The option can reduce the allocated memory. The string can
be an expression like '2*n_jobs'.
markers : string, default: '-d'
Matplotlib style markers for points on the plot points
Options: '-,', '-+', '-o', '-*', '-v', '-h', '-d'
kwargs : dict
Keyword arguments that are passed to the base class and may influence
the visualization as defined in other Visualizers.
Attributes
----------
train_scores_ : array, shape (n_ticks, n_cv_folds)
Scores on training sets.
train_scores_mean_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
Mean training data scores for each training split
train_scores_std_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
Standard deviation of training data scores for each training split
test_scores_ : array, shape (n_ticks, n_cv_folds)
Scores on test set.
test_scores_mean_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
Mean test data scores for each test split
test_scores_std_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
Standard deviation of test data scores for each test split
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy as np
>>> from yellowbrick.model_selection import ValidationCurve
>>> from sklearn.svm import SVC
>>> pr = np.logspace(-6,-1,5)
>>> model = ValidationCurve(SVC(), param_name="gamma", param_range=pr)
>>> model.fit(X, y)
>>> model.show()
Notes
-----
This visualizer is essentially a wrapper for the
``sklearn.model_selection.learning_curve utility``, discussed in the
`validation curves <path_to_url`__
documentation.
.. seealso:: The documentation for the
`learning_curve <path_to_url`__
function, which this visualizer wraps.
"""
def __init__(
self,
estimator,
param_name,
param_range,
ax=None,
logx=False,
groups=None,
cv=None,
scoring=None,
n_jobs=1,
pre_dispatch="all",
markers='-d',
**kwargs
):
# Initialize the model visualizer
super(ValidationCurve, self).__init__(estimator, ax=ax, **kwargs)
# Validate the param_range
param_range = np.asarray(param_range)
if param_range.ndim != 1:
raise YellowbrickValueError(
"must specify array of param values, '{}' is not valid".format(
repr(param_range)
)
)
# Set the visual and validation curve parameters on the estimator
self.param_name = param_name
self.param_range = param_range
self.logx = logx
self.groups = groups
self.cv = cv
self.scoring = scoring
self.n_jobs = n_jobs
self.pre_dispatch = pre_dispatch
self.markers = markers
def fit(self, X, y=None):
"""
Fits the validation curve with the wrapped estimator and parameter
array to the specified data. Draws training and test score curves and
saves the scores to the visualizer.
Parameters
----------
X : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Training vector, where n_samples is the number of samples and
n_features is the number of features.
y : array-like, shape (n_samples) or (n_samples, n_features), optional
Target relative to X for classification or regression;
None for unsupervised learning.
Returns
-------
self : instance
Returns the instance of the validation curve visualizer for use in
pipelines and other sequential transformers.
"""
# arguments to pass to sk_validation_curve
skvc_kwargs = {
key: self.get_params()[key]
for key in (
"param_name",
"param_range",
"groups",
"cv",
"scoring",
"n_jobs",
"pre_dispatch",
)
}
# compute the validation curve and store scores
curve = sk_validation_curve(self.estimator, X, y, **skvc_kwargs)
self.train_scores_, self.test_scores_ = curve
# compute the mean and standard deviation of the training data
self.train_scores_mean_ = np.mean(self.train_scores_, axis=1)
self.train_scores_std_ = np.std(self.train_scores_, axis=1)
# compute the mean and standard deviation of the test data
self.test_scores_mean_ = np.mean(self.test_scores_, axis=1)
self.test_scores_std_ = np.std(self.test_scores_, axis=1)
# draw the curves on the current axes
self.draw()
return self
def draw(self, **kwargs):
"""
Renders the training and test curves.
"""
# Specify the curves to draw and their labels
labels = ("Training Score", "Cross Validation Score")
curves = (
(self.train_scores_mean_, self.train_scores_std_),
(self.test_scores_mean_, self.test_scores_std_),
)
# Get the colors for the train and test curves
colors = resolve_colors(n_colors=2)
# Plot the fill betweens first so they are behind the curves.
for idx, (mean, std) in enumerate(curves):
# Plot one standard deviation above and below the mean
self.ax.fill_between(
self.param_range, mean - std, mean + std, alpha=0.25, color=colors[idx]
)
# Plot the mean curves so they are in front of the variance fill
for idx, (mean, _) in enumerate(curves):
self.ax.plot(
self.param_range, mean, self.markers, color=colors[idx], label=labels[idx]
)
if self.logx:
self.ax.set_xscale("log")
return self.ax
def finalize(self, **kwargs):
"""
Add the title, legend, and other visual final touches to the plot.
"""
# Set the title of the figure
self.set_title("Validation Curve for {}".format(self.name))
# Add the legend
self.ax.legend(frameon=True, loc="best")
# Set the axis labels
self.ax.set_xlabel(self.param_name)
self.ax.set_ylabel("score")
##########################################################################
# Quick Method
##########################################################################
def validation_curve(
estimator,
X,
y,
param_name,
param_range,
ax=None,
logx=False,
groups=None,
cv=None,
scoring=None,
n_jobs=1,
pre_dispatch="all",
show=True,
markers='-d',
**kwargs
):
"""
Displays a validation curve for the specified param and values, plotting
both the train and cross-validated test scores. The validation curve is a
visual, single-parameter grid search used to tune a model to find the best
balance between error due to bias and error due to variance.
This helper function is a wrapper to use the ValidationCurve in a fast,
visual analysis.
Parameters
----------
estimator : a scikit-learn estimator
An object that implements ``fit`` and ``predict``, can be a
classifier, regressor, or clusterer so long as there is also a valid
associated scoring metric.
Note that the object is cloned for each validation.
X : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Training vector, where n_samples is the number of samples and
n_features is the number of features.
y : array-like, shape (n_samples) or (n_samples, n_features), optional
Target relative to X for classification or regression;
None for unsupervised learning.
param_name : string
Name of the parameter that will be varied.
param_range : array-like, shape (n_values,)
The values of the parameter that will be evaluated.
ax : matplotlib.Axes object, optional
The axes object to plot the figure on.
logx : boolean, optional
If True, plots the x-axis with a logarithmic scale.
groups : array-like, with shape (n_samples,)
Optional group labels for the samples used while splitting the dataset
into train/test sets.
cv : int, cross-validation generator or an iterable, optional
Determines the cross-validation splitting strategy.
Possible inputs for cv are:
- None, to use the default 3-fold cross-validation,
- integer, to specify the number of folds.
- An object to be used as a cross-validation generator.
- An iterable yielding train/test splits.
see the scikit-learn
`cross-validation guide <path_to_url`_
for more information on the possible strategies that can be used here.
scoring : string, callable or None, optional, default: None
A string or scorer callable object / function with signature
``scorer(estimator, X, y)``. See scikit-learn model evaluation
documentation for names of possible metrics.
n_jobs : integer, optional
Number of jobs to run in parallel (default 1).
pre_dispatch : integer or string, optional
Number of predispatched jobs for parallel execution (default is
all). The option can reduce the allocated memory. The string can
be an expression like '2*n_jobs'.
show: bool, default: True
If True, calls ``show()``, which in turn calls ``plt.show()`` however
you cannot call ``plt.savefig`` from this signature, nor
``clear_figure``. If False, simply calls ``finalize()``
markers : string, default: '-d'
Matplotlib style markers for points on the plot points
Options: '-,', '-+', '-o', '-*', '-v', '-h', '-d'
kwargs : dict
Keyword arguments that are passed to the base class and may influence
the visualization as defined in other Visualizers. These arguments are
also passed to the ``show()`` method, e.g. can pass a path to save the
figure to.
Returns
-------
visualizer : ValidationCurve
The fitted visualizer
"""
# Initialize the visualizer
oz = ValidationCurve(
estimator,
param_name,
param_range,
ax=ax,
logx=logx,
groups=groups,
cv=cv,
scoring=scoring,
n_jobs=n_jobs,
pre_dispatch=pre_dispatch,
markers=markers,
)
# Fit the visualizer
oz.fit(X, y)
# Draw final visualization
if show:
oz.show(**kwargs)
else:
oz.finalize()
# Return the visualizer object
return oz
``` |
Single nucleotide polymorphism annotation (SNP annotation) is the process of predicting the effect or function of an individual SNP using SNP annotation tools. In SNP annotation the biological information is extracted, collected and displayed in a clear form amenable to query. SNP functional annotation is typically performed based on the available information on nucleic acid and protein sequences.
Introduction
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play an important role in genome wide association studies because they act as primary biomarkers. SNPs are currently the marker of choice due to their large numbers in virtually all populations of individuals. The location of these biomarkers can be tremendously important in terms of predicting functional significance, genetic mapping and population genetics. Each SNP represents a nucleotide change between two individuals at a defined location. SNPs are the most common genetic variant found in all individual with one SNP every 100–300 bp in some species. Since there is a massive number of SNPs on the genome, there is a clear need to prioritize SNPs according to their potential effect in order to expedite genotyping and analysis.
Annotating large numbers of SNPs is a difficult and complex process, which need computational methods to handle such a large dataset. Many tools available have been developed for SNP annotation in different organisms: some of them are optimized for use with organisms densely sampled for SNPs (such as humans), but there are currently few tools available that are species non-specific or support non-model organism data. The majority of SNP annotation tools provide computationally predicted putative deleterious effects of SNPs. These tools examine whether a SNP resides in functional genomic regions such as exons, splice sites, or transcription regulatory sites, and predict the potential corresponding functional effects that the SNP may have using a variety of machine-learning approaches. But the tools and systems that prioritize functionally significant SNPs, suffer from few limitations: First, they examine the putative deleterious effects of SNPs with respect to a single biological function that provide only partial information about the functional significance of SNPs. Second, current systems classify SNPs into deleterious or neutral group.
Many annotation algorithms focus on single nucleotide variants (SNVs), considered more rare than SNPs as defined by their minor allele frequency (MAF). As a consequence, training data for the corresponding prediction methods may be different and hence one should be careful to select the appropriate tool for a specific purpose. For the purposes of this article, "SNP" will be used to mean both SNP and SNV, but readers should bear in mind the differences.
SNP annotation
For SNP annotation, many kinds of genetic and genomic information are used. Based on the different features used by each annotation tool, SNP annotation methods may be split roughly into the following categories:
Gene based annotation
Genomic information from surrounding genomic elements is among the most useful information for interpreting the biological function of an observed variant. Information from a known gene is used as a reference to indicate whether the observed variant resides in or near a gene and if it has the potential to disrupt the protein sequence and its function. Gene based annotation is based on the fact that non-synonymous mutations can alter the protein sequence and that splice site mutation may disrupt the transcript splicing pattern.
Knowledge based annotation
Knowledge base annotation is done based on the information of gene attribute, protein function and its metabolism. In this type of annotation more emphasis is given to genetic variation that disrupts the protein function domain, protein-protein interaction and biological pathway. The non-coding region of genome contain many important regulatory elements including promoter, enhancer and insulator, any kind of change in this regulatory region can change the functionality of that protein. The mutation in DNA can change the RNA sequence and then influence the RNA secondary structure, RNA binding protein recognition and miRNA binding activity,.
Functional annotation
This method mainly identifies variant function based on the information whether the variant loci are in the known functional region that harbor genomic or epigenomic signals. The function of non-coding variants are extensive in terms of the affected genomic region and they involve in almost all processes of gene regulation from transcriptional to post translational level
Transcriptional gene regulation
Transcriptional gene regulation process depends on many spatial and temporal factors in the nucleus such as global or local chromatin states, nucleosome positioning, TF binding, enhancer/promoter activities. Variant that alter the function of any of these biological processes may alter the gene regulation and cause phenotypic abnormality. Genetic variants that located in distal regulatory region can affect the binding motif of TFs, chromatin regulators and other distal transcriptional factors, which disturb the interaction between enhancer/silencer and its target gene.
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing is one of the most important components that show functional complexity of genome. Modified splicing has significant effect on the phenotype that is relevance to disease or drug metabolism. A change in splicing can be caused by modifying any of the components of the splicing machinery such as splice sites or splice enhancers or silencers. Modification in the alternative splicing site can lead to a different protein form which will show a different function. Humans use an estimated 100,000 different proteins or more, so some genes must be capable of coding for a lot more than just one protein. Alternative splicing occurs more frequently than was previously thought and can be hard to control; genes may produce tens of thousands of different transcripts, necessitating a new gene model for each alternative splice.
RNA processing and post transcriptional regulation
Mutations in the untranslated region (UTR) affect many post-transcriptional regulation. Distinctive structural features are required for many RNA molecules and cis-acting regulatory elements to execute effective functions during gene regulation. SNVs can alter the secondary structure of RNA molecules and then disrupt the proper folding of RNAs, such as tRNA/mRNA/lncRNA folding and miRNA binding recognition regions.
Translation and post translational modifications
Single nucleotide variant can also affect the cis-acting regulatory elements in mRNA’s to inhibit/promote the translation initiation. Change in the synonymous codons region due to mutation may affect the translation efficiency because of codon usage biases. The translation elongation can also be retarded by mutations along the ramp of ribosomal movement. In the post-translational level, genetic variants can contribute to proteostasis and amino acid modifications. However, mechanisms of variant effect in this field are complicated and there are only a few tools available to predict variant’s effect on translation related modifications.
Protein function
Non-synonymous is the variant in exons that change the amino acid sequence encoded by the gene, including single base changes and non frameshift indels. It has been extremely investigated the function of non-synonymous variants on protein and many algorithms have been developed to predict the deleteriousness and pathogenesis of single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Classical bioinformatics tools, such as SIFT, Polyphen and MutationTaster, successfully predict the functional consequence of non-synonymous substitution. PopViz webserver provides a gene-centric approach to visualize the mutation damage prediction scores (CADD, SIFT, PolyPhen-2) or the population genetics (minor allele frequency) versus the amino acid positions of all coding variants of a certain human gene. PopViz is also cross-linked with UniProt database, where the protein domain information can be found, and to then identify the predicted deleterious variants fall into these protein domains on the PopViz plot.
Evolutionary conservation and nature selection
Comparative genomics approaches were used to predict the function-relevant variants under the assumption that the functional genetic locus should be conserved across different species at an extensive phylogenetic distance. On the other hand, some adaptive traits and the population differences are driven by positive selections of advantageous variants, and these genetic mutations are functionally relevant to population specific phenotypes. Functional prediction of variants’ effect in different biological processes is pivotal to pinpoint the molecular mechanism of diseases/traits and direct the experimental validation.
List of available SNP annotation tools
To annotate the vast amounts of available NGS data, currently a large number of SNPs annotation tools are available. Some of them are specific to specific SNPs while others are more general. Some of the available SNPs annotation tools are as follows SNPeff, Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP), ANNOVAR, FATHMM, PhD-SNP, PolyPhen-2, SuSPect, F-SNP, AnnTools, SeattleSeq, SNPit, SCAN, Snap, SNPs&GO, LS-SNP, Snat, TREAT, TRAMS, Maviant, MutationTaster, SNPdat, Snpranker, NGS – SNP, SVA, VARIANT, SIFT, LIST-S2, PhD-SNP and FAST-SNP. The functions and approaches used in SNPs annotation tools are listed below.
Algorithms used in annotation tools
Variant annotation tools use machine learning algorithms to predict variant annotations. Different annotation tools use different algorithms. Common algorithms include:
Interval/Random forest-eg.MutPred, SNPeff
Neural networks-eg.SNAP
Support Vector Machines-e.g. PhD-SNP, SNPs&GO
Bayesian classification-eg.PolyPhen-2
Comparison of variant annotation tools
A large number of variant annotation tools are available for variant annotation. The annotation by different tools does not alway agree amongst each other, as the defined rules for data handling differ between applications. It is frankly impossible to perform a perfect comparison of the available tools. Not all tools have the same input and output nor the same functionality. Below is a table of major annotation tools and their functional area.
Application
Different annotations capture diverse aspects of variant function. Simultaneous use of multiple, varied functional annotations could improve rare variants association analysis power of whole exome and whole genome sequencing studies. Some tools have been developed to enable functionally-informed phenotype-genotype association analysis for common and rare variants by incorporating functional annotations in biobank-scale cohorts.
Conclusions
The next generation of SNP annotation webservers can take advantage of the growing amount of data in core bioinformatics resources and use intelligent agents to fetch data from different sources as needed. From a user’s point of view, it is more efficient to submit a set of SNPs and receive results in a single step, which makes meta-servers the most attractive choice. However, if SNP annotation tools deliver heterogeneous data covering sequence, structure, regulation, pathways, etc., they must also provide frameworks for integrating data into a decision algorithms, and quantitative confidence measures so users can assess which data are relevant and which are not.
References
Molecular biology
Bioinformatics
Genomics |
London Fashion Film Festival is a London based annual event established by professionals from within the fashion and film industries to showcase creative talents in the genre of fashion film.
History
The festival was inaugurated in 2013 by experts across the film and fashion industries, under the leadership of Beatrice Bloom, the Festival President and Director. The first award show was in 2014. Each year, filmmakers, designers, agencies and labels all over the world are allowed to submit entries of their work which would then be reviewed by the organisers before an official list is Nominated for the award proper. The award festival will involve screening of the Nominated fashion films, presentation of the awards, a question and answer session and an after party The festival has showcased works of brands like Swarovski, Revlon, Juicy Couture and Harper's Bazaar.
Winners and Nominations
2014
The 2014 maiden edition had 40 screened films from 13 categories out of which winners were Nominated.
2015
The 2nd edition of the festival was held on 15 September 2015 at Mondrian Hotel, London. 35 short films and documentaries were screened from 13 categories.
2016
The 2016 edition of the festival took place on 14 September 2016. There were 14 categories of awards.
2017
The fourth edition of the awards took place on 14 September 2017 and with attendees from United States, Canada, Spain and Italy. During the event, 60 individual films were shown to an audience of filmmakers and fashion professionals.
2018
The festival's fifth edition took place on 14 September 2018, drawing attendees from all over the world. It featured about 70 individual films which were shown to the audience during the event.
2019
The festival's sixth edition took place on the 13th of September 2019. A new category: Best Artistic Director was added to the awards.
2020
In the year 2020, due to the global pandemic caused by the novel COVID-19 virus, and the subsequent lockdown/restriction of movements in the UK, the festival's seventh edition was held virtually between the 12 and 13 September 2020 via the company's website. That year also saw the addition of new categories of awards: Best Emerging Talent, Best Children Fashion Film and Best Hairstyle. Also, The Best Actor/Model category was split into three: Best Actress (Model), Best Actor (Model), and Best Child Actor (Model) respectfully
References
External links
Annual events in London
Fashion events in England
Film festivals established in 2014
2014 establishments in England
Fashion festivals
Film festivals in London
Short film festivals in the United Kingdom |
Nuit noire 17 octobre 1961 is a 2005 French television film directed by Alain Tasma.
Cast
Clotilde Courau ... Sabine
Florence Thomassin ... Nathalie
Vahina Giocante ... Marie-Hélène
Atmen Kelif ... Tarek
Jalil Naciri ... Maurice
Thierry Fortineau ... Papon
Aurélien Recoing ... Somveille
Serge Riaboukine ... Brigadeiro Tiercé
Jean-Michel Portal ... Martin
Jean-Michel Fête ... Bertaut
Philippe Bas ... Delmas
Awards
References
External links
2005 drama films
2005 television films
2005 films
2000s French-language films
International Emmy Award for Best TV Movie or Miniseries
French drama television films
2000s French films |
Slovene Democratic Union can refer to two different political organizations:
the Slovene Democratic Union (, SDZ), a liberal democratic political party, active in the Free Territory of Trieste, and in the Italian Province of Gorizia between 1946 and 1962;
the Slovenian Democratic Union (, SDZ), a national liberal political party in Slovenia in the late 1980s and early 1990s, part of the DEMOS coalition. |
Ma Ma Lay (; born 7 February 1962) is a Burmese politician who currently serves as an Amyotha Hluttaw member of parliament for Shan State No.8 Constituency. She is a member of the National League for Democracy.
Early life and education
Ma Ma Lay was born on 7 February 1962 in Pindaya, Shan State, Myanmar. She is an ethnic Danu. She graduated with BSc Chemistry from Yangon University. Her former work is as a farmer.
Political career
She is a member of the National League for Democracy Party, she was elected as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP, winning a majority of 40334 votes and elected representative from Shan State No. 8 parliamentary constituency.
References
National League for Democracy politicians
1962 births
Living people
People from Shan State |
Alan Towers (1934 – 24 May 2008) was a presenter of Midlands Today, BBC Midlands' regional news programme.
Career
After stints as a newsreader with ITN and Granada Television in Manchester, Towers joined BBC Midlands in 1972 as a main presenter on Midlands Today and was also seen nationally as a presenter of features from the English Midlands on Nationwide. His most famous item was the infamous "skateboarding duck" story. He regularly presented the programme with Kay Alexander.
Following a heart attack during the late 1980s, Towers left his role as main presenter but continued on Midlands Today as a sports presenter and reporter. During this time, he also raised thousands of pounds for charity by walking the Great Wall of China and riding a motorbike across Canada. He appeared in a few episodes of the BBC's medical drama Dangerfield as a local TV news reporter.
In 1997, Towers announced his resignation from the BBC on-air and left viewers with a disparaging comment about the state of BBC management:
Despite these comments, Towers returned to Midlands Today as a special guest on the programme's last broadcast from the Pebble Mill studios in October 2004.
Personal life
Towers died at the age of 73 on 24 May 2008 at his home in Warwickshire, after a long illness.
References
1934 births
2008 deaths
BBC newsreaders and journalists |
Mobile International Airport is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) south of the central business district of Mobile, a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The airport is a principal component of the Mobile Aeroplex at Brookley, a industrial complex. Presently the facility covers 1,616 acres (654 ha) of land. It is owned and operated by the Mobile Airport Authority. Prior to 1969, the airport was part of an active military installation known as Brookley Air Force Base.
According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, it is categorized as a general aviation facility. This was a change from the 2007–2011 NPIAS Report, when it was categorized as a reliever airport.
Facilities
The airport has a control tower and has both a runway and a runway. Various instrument approaches to all runways are available, including an on-site VORTAC and instrument landing system (ILS). The complex is served by a 24-hour fixed-base operator, Signature Flight Services.
Starting in late 2018, the Mobile Airport Authority began renovating an underutilized building partially occupied by Airbus into a low cost carrier passenger airport facility called Terminal 1. Since its opening on May 1, 2019, Terminal 1 has housed two boarding gates and five ticket counters. Frontier Airlines Flight 410 from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport was the first scheduled revenue flight, arriving at the facility on May 1. In the summer of 2019, the authority plans to take over the remaining space in the building to completely build out Terminal 1. After this build-out, Terminal 1 will have four gates and additional holding and concession space. The total square footage will be around 50,000 square feet.
Terminal 1 is located at the southern terminus of Michigan Avenue in the Brookley complex, less than a mile south of Interstate 10.
Operations
For the 12-month period ending January 31, 2010, the airport had 82,820 aircraft operations, an average of 226 per day: 49% general aviation, 43% military, 5% air taxi, and 3% scheduled commercial. At that time there were 34 aircraft based at this airport: 65% single-engine, 18% multi-engine, 15% jet and 3% helicopter.
Airlines and destinations
In 2018, the Mobile Airport Authority commissioned a study on whether to move passenger service to Mobile Downtown Airport from Mobile Regional Airport and announced ViaAir would start a route to Orlando in the spring. In January 2019, Frontier Airlines announced new service to Denver and Chicago beginning in May 2019. ViaAir announced they were ending most scheduled services network-wide, including at BFM, on May 23, 2019. On January 7, 2020, Frontier announced it would suspend all service to BFM, leaving the airport with no commercial passenger service. However, on April 13, 2020, Frontier announced it would stay at the Downtown Airport and commence service to Orlando. On June 4, 2020, it was announced that Frontier had ceased all operations at BFM.
In August 2020 it was announced that Mobile airport authority will shift commercial airline flights to the more convenient downtown airport. Following two years of study, the Mobile Airport Authority has unveiled a master plan that calls for all commercial air service to move to the centrally-located Mobile Downtown (BFM) from Mobile Regional (MOB) airport in the next few years. A new airline terminal at the Downtown facility would feature eight gates and be located adjacent to Interstate 10 that runs through the city.
The move would make the airport more convenient to flyers, encouraging more airlines to add service thus lowering airfares, the airport authority says.
On March 7, 2023, Avelo Airlines announced twice weekly service to Orlando.
Passenger
Cargo
Destinations map
See also
List of airports in Alabama
References
External links
Aviation photos: Mobile - Downtown (Brookley Field / CGAS) from Airliners.net
Aerial image as of 4 March 2002 from USGS The National Map
Airports in Alabama
Buildings and structures in Mobile, Alabama
United States Coast Guard Air Stations
Transportation in Mobile, Alabama
Airports established in 1929
Transportation in Mobile County, Alabama
1929 establishments in Alabama |
Toppu Dam is a gravity dam located in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control, irrigation and water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 65.3 km2. The dam impounds about 159 ha of land when full and can store 36000 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1979 and completed in 2013.
References
Dams in Hokkaido |
The PlayStation Store (PS Store) is a digital media store available to users of Sony's PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 game consoles via the PlayStation Network.
The store offers a range of downloadable content both for purchase and available free of charge. Available content includes full games, add-on content, playable demos, themes and game/movie trailers.
History
Following feedback from many PlayStation Network users, a redesigned version of the PlayStation Store was launched on April 15, 2008, via a firmware update. The new design was OS based rather than the previous Store's web based design enabling the Store to process information more quickly.
A minor update to the store was released during Sony's E3 2009 press conference. This update makes the top page rotate pictures (including their links) regularly, and changes the navigation sounds.
A major redesign of the PlayStation Store was announced in September 2012, bringing with it a revised navigation structure and new search system. The new store has been developed to bring game and video content together and make it easier for users to find what they are looking for. Content will be integrated into each game's listing, rather than separate categories for items like add-ons, themes, and other downloadable content. The latest design is much less focused on text, and incorporates high-resolution artwork and smooth animations for featured content. The new redesign launched in Europe on October 22, 2012. Shortly after it was launched in the United Kingdom, the Store interface was reverted to the old design due to issues such as long load times and slow navigation, while other countries in Europe retained the new interface despite these issues. The redesign was released in North America on November 2, 2012.
In May 2020, the PlayStation Store has been indefinitely suspended in China due to security reasons. On March 2, 2021, Sony announced that it would discontinue offering movie and TV show purchases and rentals through the PlayStation Store on August 31, 2021.
Later that month, Sony also announced that it would be closing down the storefronts for PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, and PlayStation Vita games in July and August 2021. Sony's decision to make many of its older games inaccessible for purchase drew criticism from many, with concerns highlighting the publisher's approach towards game preservation, as well as the limitations of digital-only media, and its potential anti-consumer implications. Several small developers who had been producing titles for the PS Vita were not forewarned by Sony of the PlayStation Store's closure, requiring some to crunch to meet the deadline, while others whose games would not be ready made the decision to cancel them. As a result of the negative feedback, Sony announced on April 19, 2021, that they had reversed their decision to close the PS3 and Vita stores, leaving these available for the foreseeable future, though the PSP store will still close as originally planned on July 2, 2021. The day prior to the planned closure of the PSP store, Sony altered their plans again, and instead chose to simply disable the PlayStation Store app on the system, allowing PSP digital games to remain available for purchase on other systems.
On March 9, 2022, PlayStation announced that it suspended operations of the PlayStation Store in Russia in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Availability
PlayStation Store is available in 69 countries.
Argentina*
Australia
Austria
Bahrain*
Belgium
Bolivia*
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile*
China
Colombia*
Costa Rica*
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador*
El Salvador*
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Guatemala*
Honduras*
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland*
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kuwait*
Lebanon*
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
Netherlands
Nicaragua*
New Zealand
Norway
Oman*
Panama*
Paraguay*
Peru*
Poland
Portugal
Qatar*
Romania
Saudi Arabia*
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates*
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay*
'*' = Country where PlayStation Network and Store are officially available, but the Store is in Global currency (USD/EUR), not in local currency.
Access and versions
The store is accessible through an icon on the XrossMediaBar on the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, via the Dynamic Menu on the PlayStation 4, and an icon on the LiveArea on the PlayStation Vita. The service is also available online through the Sony Entertainment Network website.
A master account is required to access the PlayStation Store. A log of all previously purchased items, known as "Download List", records each PlayStation Store account's complete download activity. A guest user can use their master account's Download List to download free content or to purchase content on another console; however, a single account can only be used on up to two consoles. This was previously five, but as of November 2011, Sony reduced this to two. The most recent firmware must be installed on the console to access the PlayStation Store. Each master account is associated with an online virtual "wallet" to which funds can be added. This wallet is then debited when a purchase is made from the store. Money can be added to the wallet through different systems of payment, although some of these are not available in all countries.
All purchases on the PlayStation Store are made in the user's local currency using a 'wallet' system whereby funds are added to the wallet—either in set denominations or an amount dictated by the price of the current transaction—then debited from the account's wallet when the user makes a purchase, funds added to the PS Store are non-refundable.
The user can add funds to their wallet in a number of ways, the most common of which is by credit or debit card. Users in many regions can also purchase PlayStation Network Cards or Tickets in set denominations from retailers including supermarkets or video game stores. These funds are redeemed on the PlayStation Store when the user enters the unique 12-digit code found on the card into the PlayStation Store. Nintendo themselves later adopted this currency system for their succeeding eShop. The Store's account, however, is region-locked and generally only accepts credit card that is billed in and PlayStation Network Cards purchased from the same country selected during the registration process, which cannot be changed afterwards.
PlayStation 3
PlayStation Store was launched within the PlayStation 3 on November 11, 2006. There are four different versions of the store on the platform: Asia, Europe (including Oceania and the Middle East), Japan and North America (including South America).
PlayStation Portable
PlayStation Store was supported on PlayStation Portable starting by October 2008 with 5.00 firmware update. The native PlayStation Store front on PSP was closed on March 31, 2016, while in-app purchases remained available after the store closed. PS Store functionality on PSP was fully closed on July 2, 2021.
PlayStation Vita
PlayStation Store was launched on the PlayStation Vita on December 17, 2011, and is accessible via an icon on the LiveArea. As of December 2016, all Vita games were also made available to be downloaded digitally on the PlayStation Network via the storefront, although not all games are released physically. There are four different versions of the PlayStation Store: Asia, Europe (including Oceania and the Middle East), Japan and North America. There is no Vita's PlayStation Store localization in China and South America.
PlayStation 4
PlayStation 4 version of the PlayStation Store was released on November 15, 2013, along with the console in North America, and on November 29 in most of Europe with the console two weeks following the North American launch. The PS4 version of the PS Store uses the same overall design and interface to its predecessor, the PlayStation 3's storefront; however, the color scheme has been altered to match that of the console's theme, changing from black to blue.
Internet browser
In January 2013, the PlayStation Store was made available via Internet browser. Users can purchase content for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, and PlayStation Portable via the online store, then download it (or put it in a download queue) via their respective devices. In October 2015, a "Wishlist" option was added. On October 15, 2020, in anticipation of the launch of the PlayStation 5, Sony announced that users would no longer be able to browse, purchase and download PS3, PSP and PS Vita content, and PS4 avatars, themes and applications via the desktop and mobile versions of the PlayStation Store.
PlayStation 5
PlayStation 5 version of PlayStation Store was released on November 12, 2020, along with the console in North America, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea, and on November 19, 2020, in rest of the world (excluding China) with the console seven days following the North American and Japan launch.
Legal issues
Prior to 2019, Sony had allowed third-party vendors such as Amazon and Wal-Mart to sell video game redemption codes for the PlayStation Store. Sony removed this feature in April 2019, so third-party vendors can only sell virtual currency for the PlayStation Store. In May 2021, a class-action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California alleging that because Sony maintains a monopoly on the PlayStation Store, the removal of third-party sales violated antitrust laws. A second class-action lawsuit was filed the same month alleging that Sony's decision to eliminate third-party sales has led to overcharging consumers by billions of dollars.
See also
Microsoft Store
Ubisoft+
Nintendo eShop
Metreon, where a physical Playstation store was once operated
References
External links
Online-only retailers of video games
Online marketplaces
PlayStation (brand)
PlayStation (console)
Works banned in China
Sony services
Software distribution platforms |
Raymond of Burgundy (c. 1070 – 24 May 1107) was the ruler of Galicia as vassal of Alfonso VI of León and Castile, the Emperor of All Spain, from about 1090 until his death. He was the fourth son of Count William I of Burgundy and Stephanie. He married Urraca, future queen of León and heir of Alfonso VI, and was the father of the future Alfonso VII.
When Raymond and his cousin, Henry of Burgundy, first arrived in Iberia is uncertain, but it probably was with the army of Duke Odo I of Burgundy in 1086. In April 1087, the army abandoned the siege of Tudela. While most of the army returned home, Odo and his retinue went west. By 21 July 1087 they were probably at Burgos, at the court of Alfonso VI, and by 5 August he was in the capital city of León. There Odo most likely arranged Raymond's marriage to Alfonso's heiress, Urraca. All surviving charters which seem to place Raymond in Spain before 1087 are either mis-dated or interpolated.
By his marriage Raymond received as dowry the government of the Kingdom of Galicia (which included the County of Portugal and the County of Coimbra), although shortly after, in 1095, Alfonso VI gave the County of Portugal and the County of Coimbra to Henry of Burgundy, father of the first Portuguese King Afonso Henriques of Portugal, basing it in Bracara Augusta (nowadays Braga). During his government he was titled Count, Dominus, Prince, Emperor and Consul of Galicia or of the Galicians, exercising near absolute power in his domains ("in urbe Gallecia regnante Comite Raymundus"): "serenissimus totius Gallecie comes", "totius Gallecie Senior et Dominus", "totius Gallecie Consul", "totius Gallecie Princeps", "totius Gallecie Imperator".
He was father of Alfonso VII of León and Castile (1104/1105–1157), already crowned king of Galicia in 1111, while his brother later became Pope Callixtus II.
Notes
Sources
1070s births
1107 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Anscarids
Counts of Amous
Counts of Galicia
Counts of Portugal (Asturias-León)
Counts of Coimbra |
Tom Cotter (born June 29, 1972) is an American conservationist, entrepreneur, renewable energy advocate, and ordained evangelical minister living in Clovis, California.
Biography
Early life and inspiration
Tom Cotter grew up in Napa Valley, California, United States. A significant influence of his work was the Boy Scouts of America. In 1988, Cotter was awarded the title of Eagle Scout.
Professional career
In 1997, he was ordained clergy at First Christian Church in Napa, California. He served as a pastor at Clovis Christian Church in Clovis, California, from 1996 to 2006.
From 2006 to 2015, Cotter worked in sales leadership in the U.S. Photovoltaic Industry, starting at ReGrid Power, which was later acquired by Real Goods Solar. He also worked at Sunrun.
From 2015 to 2017, he worked as Regional Sales Manager at Renew Financial for the California counties of Fresno, Madera, Tulare, and Kings.
Cotter has worked as an adjunct professor of Theological Ethics and the Environment at Fresno Pacific University.
Personal life
Cotter resides in Clovis, California, with his wife, Christi Gaither, and their three children. The family has a lar power and solar thermal system in their home. Mr. Cotter drives a Nissan Leaf. Mrs. Cotter drives an alternative fuel VW Jetta TDI. The Cotter family uses vermiposting to turn kitchen scraps, junk mail, and paper packing materials into nutrient-rich soil for their garden and yard.
Cotter is a part of the California Climate Ride, a 320-mile bicycle benefit ride for bicycle advocacy and renewable energy down the coast of California from Eureka, California to San Francisco, California.
Sustainability education and advocacy
Community
In 2007, Cotter and Socient CEO, Victor Ramayrat, co-founded Green Fresno, a free online community and information portal (in 2012 it was relaunched as Green Central Valley).
Cotter is the organizer and curator of the annual Fresno Solar Tour part of the American Solar Energy Society's National Solar Tour.
Cotter is an Organizer of Fresno Earth Day, purposed to inspire and mobilize individuals and organizations to demonstrate their commitment to environmental protection and sustainability.
Cotter is the creator and organizer of Fresno Green Drinks, a monthly informal gathering of environmental field experts, educators, public servants, activists, and individuals looking to learn from and encourage one another toward broader ecological stewardship in the Fresno metro area. As of May 2012, Green Drinks was active in 642 cities worldwide.
In 2012, Cotter became a Climate Leader in the Climate Leadership Corps with the Climate Reality Project.
Cotter served as a Technical Advisory Committee Member for Energize Fresno in the Private Business, Development, and Finance Sector in 2017.
Board of directors
Cotter serves on the Board of Directors of the Solar Living Institute.
Cotter is the past president and chairman of the board of directors at the International Green Industry Hall of Fame, which promotes ecological sustainability worldwide by recognizing individuals and organizations for outstanding achievement(s) in the Green Industry and provides an educational forum for the international public.
Cotter is a past member of the board of directors at Restore Hetch Hetchy.
Film
Cotter is a producer of the short documentary film, Forest Man. The film chronicles the story of Jadav Payeng, an Indian man who single-handedly planted nearly 1,400 acres of forest to save his island, Majuli, India. The film is directed by William D. McMaster of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The film was released in the summer, of 2013.
Political
In 2010, Cotter worked with California's No on Prop 23 Campaign. This proposition would have suspended AB 32, a law enacted in 2006 legally referred to as the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. Prop 23 was defeated by California voters during the statewide election by a 23% margin.
In 2012, Cotter worked to get the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) to expand net metering in California.
In 2012, Cotter worked to get the passing of Proposition 39 - California Clean Energy Jobs Act.
References
1972 births
Living people
People from Clovis, California
People from Napa County, California
People associated with renewable energy
Christianity and environmentalism
21st-century Protestant religious leaders
Renewable energy in the United States
American motivational speakers
Activists from California
American conservationists |
Unicursal may refer to:
Eulerian path, a sequential set of edges within a graph that reach all nodes
Labyrinth, a unicursal maze
Unicursal curve, a curve which is birationally equivalent to a line
Unicursal hexagram, a star polygon |
Obdulio Morales Ríos (April 7, 1910 – January 9, 1981) was a Cuban pianist, conductor, composer and ethnomusicologist, an important figure in the late afrocubanismo movement. He championed Afro-Cuban music traditions and sponsored artists such as Merceditas Valdés.
Career
Early life and career
Obdulio Morales Ríos was born in Havana on April 7, 1910. He learned piano from an American teacher and furthered his studies at the conservatory. At age 12 he began to play piano at the silent cinema, and a year later he was playing in private dance parties as a reserve pianist. Around the same time, while working as an apprentice for his father, who was a tailor, he began to attend black societies such as the Club Bohemio. In 1924 he joined the first lineup of Los Hermanos Martínez orchestra.
1930s
Morales worked for the radio since 1928, specializing in Afro-Cuban music. In 1938 he premiered Batamú in collaboration with musician Julio Chappottín (father of Félix Chappottín) and choreographer Armando Borroto. This show featured famous conguero Chano Pozo and managed to sell out the Teatro Martí. In 1938 he also founded the Grupo Coral Folklórico de Cuba, an ensemble including a symphonic orchestra, Afro-Cuban drums and güiros. The ensemble featured batá master Trinidad Torregrosa, flautist Roberto Ondina and singers such as Candita Batista, Merceditas Valdés and Alfredo León Jr. At the same time, Morales was part of several successful big bands such as the eleven-piece Los Melódicos, an orchestra that he directed by 1939 and also featured Chano Pozo on quinto. He also played in Habana Jazz band and in 1931 Orquesta Elegante, the backing band of danzonete singer Paulina Álvarez.
1940s and 1950s
In 1942 the Grupo Coral Folklórico de Cuba became the Conjunto Coral Sinfónico Folklórico de Cuba, and together with Fernando Ortiz he began to give lectures about Afro-Cuban music at the Hispano-Cuban Culture Society and the Society for Afro-Cuban studies. Beginning in 1943, Morales conducted Afro-Cuban music performances on Sundays which were broadcast by Radio Cadena Suaritos.
In the 1950s Morales was responsible for the score of several films including Rincón criollo (1950), Una gitana de La Habana (1950), Sandra, la mujer de fuego (1954) and Yambaó (1957). In 1955, Morales was the conductor in Ñáñigo, an LP by Puerto Rican singer Ruth Fernández with a repertoire of classics by Moisés Simons, Ernesto Lecuona, Eliseo Grenet and Gilberto Valdés.
Late career and death
During the 1960s, Morales conducted a late night program at Radio Rebelde featuring vocalist Gina Martín. He also became the director and arranger of Antobal's Cuban All-Stars. In 1972 he became the director of Conjunto Folklórico Nacional de Cuba's orchestra, with which he toured Europe. He continued his research into Afro-Cuban culture, giving talks and collaborating with Zoila Lapique Becali on a study on Cuban music publishing between 1829 and 1902. In 1980, while retired and ill, he founded Afrofónico, another Afro-Cuban music group.
Obdulio Morales died in Havana on January 9, 1981.
References
1910 births
1981 deaths
Cuban pianists
Cuban bandleaders
Cuban composers
Male composers
Cuban ethnomusicologists
20th-century composers
20th-century pianists
20th-century musicologists
Cuban male musicians |
The Eleventh Hour is a lost 1923 American melodrama action film directed by Bernard Durning and written by Louis Sherwin. The film stars Shirley Mason, Buck Jones, Richard Tucker, Alan Hale Sr., Walter McGrail and June Elvidge. The film was released on July 20, 1923, by Fox Film Corporation.
Cast
Shirley Mason as Barbara Hackett
Buck Jones as Brick McDonald
Richard Tucker as Herbert Glenville
Alan Hale Sr. as Prince Stefan de Bernie
Walter McGrail as Dick Manley
June Elvidge as Estelle Hackett
Fred Kelsey as The Submarine Commander
Nigel De Brulier as Mordecai Newman
Fred Kohler as Barbara's Uncle
Plot
Wanting to take over the world, the mad and evil Prince Stefan de Bernie plots to acquire a new explosive developed at a plant owned by Barbara Hackett. Prince Stefan uses blackmail to get Barbara's uncle and the dishonest business executive Herbert Glenville — a man who would like to marry Barbara — to cooperate with him. Meanwhile, Brick McDonald, an employee of Prince Stefan's, wins Barbara's confidence. After a number of adventures involving wild chases in motorboats, airplanes, and submarines, fights with lions, and rescuing Barbara from being lowered into a pit of molten steel, McDonald foils Prince Stefan's plans. McDonald then reveals that he is actually the chief of the United States Secret Service.
Production
The film was based on the unpublished and uncopyrighted play The Eleventh Hour by Lincoln J. Carter.
Between February 26 and March 2, 1923, Twentieth Century Fox used the United States Navy submarine in filming The Eleventh Hour.
References
External links
1923 films
American action films
1920s action films
Fox Film films
Films directed by Bernard Durning
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
1920s American films
English-language action films
1920s English-language films
Submarine films |
Andrew Macdonald Baker (born 8 October 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays for Irish club Waterford on loan from Fleetwood Town, as a centre-back.
Career
Baker was born in Cheshire but attended Manchester Grammar School. Whilst at the school, he was called up in November 2019 to the England Independent Schools Under-18 age group matches against Wales Colleges and England Colleges. He started his youth career in the Academy at Manchester City where he played for ten years from the under-4 to under-14 level, winning the Premier League Championship three times. He subsequently spent two years in the youth team at Crewe Alexandra before signing a two-year scholarship at EFL League Two side Oldham Athletic. In May 2021, it was announced that he would not be offered a professional contract at Oldham and that he would be released at the end of his scholarship.
He dropped down to Non-League when he signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side FC United of Manchester for the 2021–22 campaign, following a trial during pre-season. As the club only trained part-time, he also worked as an IT Consultant. He was an ever-present in the backline going onto make twenty-seven appearances in all competitions, scoring one goal in a 3–1 win over Witton Albion.
On 4 January 2022, he signed for EFL League One side Fleetwood Town on a deal until the summer of 2023, with the club holding an option for another one-year extension. Upon signing, he was immediately placed into the Development Squad. On 23 August 2022, he made his professional debut at the age of 19, when he started in the 1–0 EFL Cup second round defeat at home to Premier League side Everton. On 3rd September he made his League One Debut against Wycombe Wanders in a 1-1 draw.
On 16 February 2023, Baker signed for League of Ireland Premier Division club Bohemians on loan until the end of June.
On 4 July 2023, Baker signed for League of Ireland First Division side Waterford, sister club of Fleetwood Town, on loan until the end of their season in November.
Career statistics
References
2002 births
Living people
Footballers from Chester
F.C. United of Manchester players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players
Bohemian F.C. players
Waterford F.C. players
Northern Premier League players
English Football League players
League of Ireland players
Expatriate men's association footballers in the Republic of Ireland
Men's association football defenders
English men's footballers |
Irurtzun is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.
References
External links
IRURTZUN in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia, Euskomedia Fundazioa
Municipalities in Navarre |
Valentina is a 2008 Argentinian traditionally animated romantic-comedy film released in theaters throughout Argentina, Mexico, and Uruguay on July 24, 2008. It also had a limited release in the United States later that year. It did very poorly at the foreign and international box-office, resulting a box-office bomb. It stars Florencia Otero, as the voice of Valentina, and Sebastián Francini, as the voice of Fede. It is also Illusion Studios' first feature film.
Plot
Valentina is being told the story of how her grandmother got her first kiss Valentina dreams about her first kiss and how she'll fall in love without a doubt just like her grandmother said the next day at school new kid Mati catches the eyes of Valen and soon asks her out to a party though one of friends Fede try's to ask her out though doesn't have the courage when Mati asked her to a party they go but soon Valen soon realizes what a jerk he really is and when fedes cousin shows up thinking he's her girlfriend she realizes he's the one he should have been with at the bonfire for the end of spring Valen confesses her feeling for fedes and tells her his girlfriend is just his cousin they kiss and Valens girlfriends sing a song Spanish style and Valens puppy barks happily
Cast
Florencia Otero as Valentina
Sebastián Francini as Fede
Lucila Gómez as Sammy
Natalí Pérez as Andy
Gastón D' Angelo as Nacho
Nicolás Maiques as Lucas
Mariano Chiesa as Matías/Director/Dark
Jimena Domínguez as Lucero
Luciana Falcón as Abuela/Maestra
Valeria Gómez as Mamá de Fede
Release
It opened in various theaters throughout Argentina, Mexico and Uruguay on July 10, 2008.
Box office
This film opened at #11 on its opening weekend, earning $72,835 pesos ($340,782 USD). It became a box office failure at the foreign and international box office. It grossed $631,182 worldwide.
See also
Illusion Studios
References
External links
2008 films
Argentine romantic comedy films
Argentine animated films
2000s Argentine films |
Battle of Pyzdry may refer to:
Battle of Pyzdry (1331)
Battle of Pyzdry (1863) |
Marshall County Airport is a public airport located three miles (5 km) south of the central business district of Moundsville, a city in Marshall County, West Virginia, United States. The airport is owned by the Marshall County Commission.
Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Marshall County Airport is assigned MPG by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned MPG to Makini, Papua New Guinea).
Facilities and aircraft
Marshall County Airport covers an area of which contains one runway designated 6/24 with a 3,302 x 60 ft (1,006 x 18 m) asphalt surface. Situated in rugged mountain terrain, the airport site is a removed mountaintop with steep slopes to all sides. For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2006, the airport had 19,300 aircraft operations, an average of 52 per day: 97% general aviation, 3% military and <1% air taxi.
See also
List of airports in West Virginia
References
External links
Marshall County Airport at West Virginia Airport Directory
Airports in West Virginia
Transportation in Marshall County, West Virginia
Buildings and structures in Marshall County, West Virginia
Moundsville, West Virginia |
the Corfu dwarf goby (Knipowitschia goerneri) is a species of freshwater goby endemic to the island of Corfu in western Greece. This species can reach a length of SL. This species was only recorded from a single spring and was considered to have been last recorded in 1983 but surveys in the 1990s failed to find any, it was incorrectly thought that the spring which was the type locality had been affected by water abstraction which may have caused an increase in salinity, but the species had not been recorded at the affected spring. In 2014, nine specimens of Corfu dwarf goby were collected from Korission Lagoon in southern Corfu. The specific name honours Manfred Görner, who supported the author's ichthyological research.
References
Corfu
Knipowitschia
Freshwater fish of Europe
Fish of Europe
Endemic fauna of Greece
Fish described in 1991
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Thicketty (also spelled Thickety) is an unincorporated community in Cherokee County, South Carolina, United States. It lies between Gaffney and Cowpens along U.S. Route 29. Thicketty is located approximately northeast of Spartanburg.
History
A post office called Thickety was established in 1837. The community took its name from nearby Thicketty Mountain.
References
Unincorporated communities in South Carolina
Unincorporated communities in Cherokee County, South Carolina |
The 1931 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State College (later renamed Montana State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1931 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Schubert R. Dyche, the team compiled a 1–5–1 record (0–2 against RMC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 141 to 45.
Schedule
References
Montana State
Montana State Bobcats football seasons
Montana State Bobcats football |
Narayana Purushothama Mallaya is an Indian author, known for his activism for Konkani language and literature. A recipient of Sahitya Academy Award, he was honoured by the Government of India in 2015 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.
Biography
Narayana Purushothama Mallaya was born on 7 May 1929 in Mattancherry, a coastal town in Kochi, in the South Indian state of Kerala to N. M. Saraswathi Bhai, reportedly the first woman teacher in the state. He did his early education at T. D. School, Mattancherry and the Government Commercial Institute, Ernakulam. He started his career as a teacher by founding Ramakrishna Technical Institute in 1958, a commerce institute recognized by the state government.
Mallaya is reported to have initiated the movement against the 1951 census report classifying Konkani as a dialect of Marathi and was successful in getting a language status for Konkani by the time the next census report was published in 1961. In 1966, he initiated a movement for getting national language status for Konkani by appealing to Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India and the efforts were successful in 1992 when the language was included in the 8th Schedule. His contributions are also reported in the establishment of Konkani Prachar Sabha and a chair for Konkani language studies at Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam.
Mallaya has authored 21 books including Vedanta Bhushan Guruji Pandit Narayana Anantha Sarma Sastri Satakam, a Konkani poem of 100 verses with English translation and a translation of Tamil epic, the Tirukkural, composed of 1330 couplets in 133 chapters, into Konkani language. He has translated Jnanappana and several other notable works of Vallathol and Rabindra Nath Tagore besides authoring biographies of N. M. Saraswati Bhai, Suniti Kumar Chatterji and Dr. T. M. A. Pai in verses. Govinda Pai Satakam and Calcutta Nagari Varnana are two of his other notable works.
Mallaya has received the Sahitya Academy Award for Konkani literature and is a recipient of the title, Konkani Pitamaha from the Konkani Bhasha Prachar Sabha in 2005, The Government of India included him in the Republic Day honours list, in 2015, for the civilian award of Padma Shri.
See also
Konkani language
Konkani language agitation
Tirukkural translations into Konkani
List of translators
References
Further reading
External links
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
1929 births
Living people
Indian male poets
Writers from Kochi
Konkani-language poets
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Konkani
20th-century Indian poets
Poets from Kerala
Tamil–Konkani translators
Translators of the Tirukkural into Konkani
20th-century Indian male writers
People from Mattancherry
Tirukkural translators |
XOD is a visual programming language for microcontrollers, started in 2016. As a supported platform, XOD started with Arduino boards compatibility and Raspberry Pi. It is free and open-source software released under the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3.0.
Basics
The basic elements of XOD programming are nodes. XOD is based on functional reactive programming principles and provides graphical flow-based application programming interface. XOD can compile a native machine code for the low-ended controllers. A node is a block that represents either some physical device like a sensor, motor, or relay, or some operation such as addition, comparison, or text concatenation. XOD is also able to let the user build up some missing node using other nodes, without switching to textual programming.
Analogs
Node-RED and NoFlo are the closest analogs of XOD.
References
External links
Arduino
Visual programming languages |
Month's Mind is a piece for piano solo composed in 1935 by John Ireland.
A performance takes about 4½ minutes.
A Month's Mind is a requiem mass celebrated about one month after a person's death, in memory of the deceased.
References
Solo piano pieces by John Ireland
1935 compositions |
Jan Jansen may refer to:
Jan Jansen (cyclist) (born 1945), Dutch cyclist
Jan Jansen (historian) (born 1962), Dutch historian
Jan B. Jansen (1898–1984), Norwegian professor of medicine
Jan K. S. Jansen (1931–2011), Norwegian professor of medicine
Jan Helge Jansen (born 1937), Norwegian politician
Jan Jansen, a Baldur's Gate character
See also
Jan Jansohn, guitarist
"Yon Yonson", a children's rhyme
Jan Janszoon (c. 1570–1641), Dutch pirate
Jan Janssen (disambiguation)
Jan Jansson (disambiguation) |
State Route 564, also known as SR 564, is a state highway in northern Arizona serving Navajo National Monument. This highway travels from U.S. Route 160 to Betatakin Ruin; SR 564 derives its number from the former route number of the adjacent stretch of US 160, U.S. Route 164. SR 564 ends at Betatakin; smaller roads travel beyond to Keet Seel.
Route description
SR 564 is a highway in northern Arizona that connects the Navajo National Monument with US 160. The southern terminus is located at an intersection with US 160 and BIA Route 41, a road maintained by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). SR 564 heads generally north from this intersection as it heads towards the Navajo National Monument. Just prior to reaching its northern terminus, the highway intersects BIA Route 221. It leaves this intersection as it comes to an end at the monument.
History
SR 564 was designated as an access road to the Navajo National Monument in 1970. The highway received this specific designation as a result of being the fifth spur route of SR 64. SR 64 would later be redesignated as US 160, but SR 564 would retain its designation.
Junction list
References
External links
SR 564 at Arizona Roads
564
Transportation in Navajo County, Arizona |
Mount Monroe is a mountain peak southwest of Mount Washington in the Presidential Range of the White Mountains in New Hampshire, United States. It is named for American President James Monroe and is the fourth highest mountain on the 4000 footers list for New Hampshire. The Appalachian Trail skirts its summit, which is the next highest peak on or near the trail north of Mount Rogers in Virginia. The Lakes of the Clouds, and its AMC hut, lie nestled at the col between Mount Monroe and neighboring Mount Washington.
Lying between Mount Washington and Mount Eisenhower, Mount Monroe is inaccessible by road but may be reached by several hiking trails. The most direct route to its summit from the valley below is chiefly via the Ammonoosuc Ravine Trail which starts to the northwest near the base station of the Mount Washington Cog Railway. After ascending to the Lakes of the Clouds Hut, the eastern terminus of the trail, climbers proceed to Monroe's summit via the Crawford Path and then the Monroe Loop trail. Other routes to the summit ascend via the Crawford Path from Crawford Notch, singly or in combination with the Edmands Path from Mount Clinton Road to the west of the mountain, with the final ascent to the summit accomplished by the Monroe Loop. From the east, climbers can trek to Monroe via a combination of the Boott Spur, Tuckerman Ravine, or Lion Head trails, among others, traversing via intervening trails, or descend from the summit of Mount Washington, which may be reached on foot, by car or by the Cog Railway, along the Crawford Path or by other routes. Very frequently hikers will visit Monroe in combination with Washington or Eisenhower and sometimes with other nearby peaks.
Mount Monroe offers views across the Lakes of the Clouds to its grand neighbor to the northeast, Mount Washington, over higher, to Mount Jefferson and Mount Clay north of Washington and to Boott Spur and Mount Isolation south of the dominant peak, as well as views to the west along the southern spine of the Presidential Range, through the Dry River valley, and out to more of the White Mountains to the south and west and to Vermont beyond.
As with Mount Washington, the upper reaches of Mount Monroe lie above tree-line in a sub-arctic tundra climate zone, characterized by highly variable and often very severe weather, especially from late fall through early spring. One distinguishing feature of the mountain is the largely flat Monroe Lawn south of the summit, traversed by the Crawford Path and home to several rare species of plant, including the endangered Robbins Cinquefoil, which survive in this harsh, outlying climate and terrain where other plants perish. Visitors traversing the Lawn are strictly limited to the trail in order to protect the many fragile flora which grow there.
Other notable features of the mountain include its subpeaks, "Little Monroe" to the west of the principal peak and approximately shorter, and Mount Franklin, southwest of the summit and nearly above sea level. The mountain, as with much of the Presidential Range, is characterized by steep walls on either side of the main ridge, to its northwest and southeast, making for strenuous climbs from the valley below and for numerous waterfalls - especially along the route followed by the Ammonoosuc Ravine Trail - and frequently scarred by landslides.
References
External links
Mount Monroe - FranklinSites.com Hiking Guide
AMC: Hiking Mount Monroe
Mountains of New Hampshire
Mountains of Coös County, New Hampshire
New England Four-thousand footers |
Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke (26 July 1834, Breslau – 12 December 1883, Münster) was a Silesian-born German botanist and mycologist. He received his education in Breslau, obtaining his PhD in 1858. In 1860 he relocated to Münster, where in 1867 he was named professor of botany at the university, also serving as director of the botanical academy and botanical garden.
In his earlier research he was interested in angiosperms such as the genus Rosa and the species Drosera rotundifolia (common sundew), From the late 1860s, he focused on mycology, publishing significant works on the fungal class Pyrenomycetes.
The fungal genera Acanthonitschkea, Nitschkia and Nitschkiopsis are named in his honor.
Selected works
"Commentatio anatomico-physiologica de Droserae rotundifoliae", (1858).
"Pyrenomycetes germanici", (1867 to 1870).
See also
:Category:Taxa named by Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke
References
1834 births
1883 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Münster
Scientists from Wrocław
19th-century German botanists
German mycologists
Scientists from the Province of Silesia |
Jan Prins (14 May 1944 in Zaandam – 7 March 2008 in The Hague) was a Dutch newspaper editor and journalist.
Prins, born in Zaanstad into a communist family (his uncle was Marcus Bakker), began his journalistic career in the early 1960 as an apprentice reporter at De Zaanlander, after which he went on to work for Sijthoff in The Hague, and to become editor-in-chief of the Rotterdams Dagblad.
References
1944 births
2008 deaths
Dutch newspaper editors
People from Zaanstad
20th-century Dutch journalists |
Ahmed Abdel Raouf (; born 12 April 1986) is an Egyptian professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Telephonat Bani Sweif.
Career
Abdel Raouf currently plays as a central midfielder. He is a graduate of the Zamalek youth academy.
In July 2010, Abdel Raouf transferred to the newly promoted side Misr Lel Makasa (MCSD), signing a two-year contract.
Honors
Zamalek
Egyptian Cup (2008)
References
1986 births
Living people
Egyptian men's footballers
Zamalek SC players
Egyptian Premier League players
Men's association football midfielders |
"To Market, to Market" is the second episode of M*A*S*H. It was first aired on September 24, 1972 and repeated on April 29, 1973. Like many other M*A*S*H episodes, this one parodies army bureaucracy.
Thieves and blackmarketeers hold up a truck load of medical supplies for the 4077, thus rendering them in desperate need of hydrocortisone. In retaliation, Hawkeye and Trapper meet with a notorious black marketeer, hoping to get some replacements. When they realize they have nothing reasonable to trade with him, they go to drastic measures to get what they need.
Plot
While operating on a general, Hawkeye discovers that the hospital is out of hydrocortisone. He and Trapper later learn that it has been stolen by black marketeers, along with half of the other medical supplies and an entire replacement shipment. When they go to Henry's office to complain, they find him showing off a newly acquired, 100-year-old oak desk. Henry is too nervous to call General Hammond and demand action, so Hawkeye makes the call for him; however, Hammond refuses Henry's request for a fresh shipment.
Radar puts the doctors in touch with a black marketeer, Charlie Lee, who asks $10,000 for a load of hydrocortisone he has in stock. The price is too high for Hawkeye and Trapper, so they offer to trade for Henry's desk. Charlie later visits the 4077th, dressed as a South Korean general, in order to examine the desk. He agrees to the trade, on the condition that the desk must be ready to load onto a truck early the next morning; if it is not, he will sell the hydrocortisone to another buyer.
Radar wakes Hawkeye and Trapper an hour ahead of the pickup so they can sneak into Henry's office and get the desk. Hearing the noises of their attempt to move it, Frank and Margaret separately approach the office to investigate. Upon finding one another, they rendezvous in the supply tent and lock the office door, leaving Hawkeye and Trapper with no way out. As Radar tries to persuade Charlie's truck driver to wait, the doctors take down one wall of the office and carry the desk out. Before they can get it onto the truck, though, Frank recognizes the driver from Charlie's previous visit and orders him off the base. With the truck now gone, Hawkeye tells Radar to call in a chopper pilot, who airlifts the desk out of the office and flies away to deliver it to Charlie as a stunned Henry watches from the ground.
Charlie, now dressed as a private, delivers the hydrocortisone as promised. Henry becomes suspicious, recognizing him as the visiting general, but Charlie only says, "You know how it is, Colonel. We all look alike."
Notes
External links
M*A*S*H (season 1) episodes
1972 American television episodes |
French for Love was a Canadian French-language instructional television series which aired on CBC Television from 1965 to 1966.
Premise
This Montreal-produced series taught English audiences how to speak in French. Initial hosts Gerard and Sheila Arthur, a married couple who also created the series, were previously featured on CBC Radio's Time For French series. The Arthurs performed sketches to demonstrate French conversation in a manner that could be explained to an English audience. Other features of the episodes included "What The Dictionaries Don't Tell" which described French nuances and idioms, plus "Pages choisies" where Gerard Arthur read a French passage then translated this to English.
New hosts, Felixe Fitzgerald and Paul Hebert, appeared from 28 February 1965 when Gerard Arthur left the series and Sheila Arthur focused on scriptwriting. The Arthurs reappeared in the 1966 season but left the performance of the instructional sketches to actors such as Raymond Cosgrove, Yvon Dufour, Lise Lasalle and Carol Zorro.
Scheduling
The half-hour series was broadcast regionally on CBMT from 1962. Its first nationally broadcast episodes were aired Sundays at 2:00 p.m. from 3 January to 30 May 1965. The Time For French CBC Radio series was renamed to French For Love later that year. Episodes of the second network-wide season were broadcast Sundays at 3:30 p.m. from 3 April to 10 July 1966.
References
External links
CBC Television original programming
1965 Canadian television series debuts
1966 Canadian television series endings
Television shows filmed in Montreal |
Thomas Codrington (died 1691?) was an English Roman Catholic theologian. He is chiefly known for his attempt to introduce into England the "Institute of Secular Priests Living in Community", founded in Bavaria by Bartholomaus Holzhauser.
Life
Codrington was educated and ordained at Douai, where he taught humanities for a time. Later on he lived with Cardinal Howard at Rome, acting as his chaplain and secretary. He returned to England in July, 1684, and on the accession of James II of England in the following year, he was appointed one of the royal chaplains and preachers in ordinary.
While he was in Rome he had joined the institute above mentioned, in which Cardinal Howard took a great personal interest, and his return to England seemed to the superior, Father Hofer, a favourable opportunity for extending the institute. Accordingly Codrington and his companion, John Morgan, were appointed procurators to introduce the institute into England. The object of the society, the constitutions of which had been approved by Pope Innocent XI in 1680, was to encourage community life among the secular clergy. This was to be attained by priests residing together, and doing their work from a common centre, all being subject to the bishop. In this work he received much assistance from Cardinal Howard, who addressed letters both to the secular clergy and to the dean of the chapter, exhorting all English priests to join the institute. Even before leaving Rome he had been active in propagating the institute, and had, with his colleagues, endeavoured not only to introduce it into all the English colleges abroad, but even to make it obligatory on the superiors by a decree.
Some progress was in fact made, but before much could be effected the Glorious Revolution took place, and in 1688 James II fled from England. Codrington followed his patron abroad to Saint-Germain, where he continued to act as chaplain until his death, which took place about 1691.
For some years efforts were made to spread the institute in England, and in 1697 special constitutions, designed to meet the peculiar circumstances of English priests, were published with a preface, which shows that several of the leading missionaries had joined it. The Old Chapter, however, were unrelenting, on the ground that it was unsuitable in England and would lead to dissentions among the clergy, and ultimately Bishop Bonaventure Giffard suppressed it.
Works
A Sermon preach'd before their Majesties, in St. James's, on Advent Sunday, November 28, 1686.
A Sermon preach'd before the Queen-Dowager, in her Majesty's Chapel at Somerset-house, on Quinquagesima Sunday, February 6, 1686-7. Being also the anniversary-day of his late Majesty, King Charles the II, of blessed memory, London, 1687.
Both sermons were reprinted in A Select Collection of Catholick Sermons, vol. i. London, 1741.
References
Attribution
1691 deaths
Year of birth unknown
17th-century English Roman Catholic priests |
Parker Mesa () is a prominent snow-covered mesa 4 nautical miles (7 km) southeast of Skew Peak, in the south part of Clare Range, Victoria Land. This high, flattish feature was named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Bruce C. Parker, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) biologist who conducted limnological studies at Antarctic Peninsula (1969–70) and in Victoria Land (1973–74 and 1974–75).
Mesas of Antarctica
Landforms of Victoria Land
Scott Coast |
Alberto Ramírez can refer to:
Alberto Ramírez (Mexican footballer)
Alberto Ramírez (footballer, born 1941)
Alberto Ramírez (footballer, born 1968) |
Bugiri Sugar Company Limited, is a sugar manufacturer in Uganda.
Location
The main factories of the company are under construction in Bugubo Village, Kapyanga Sub-county, Bugiri District, approximately by road, southeast of the town of Bugiri.
This location is approximately , by road, north-east of Jinja, the largest city in the Busoga sub-region. Bugubo Village is located approximately , by road, northeast of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda.
Overview
Bugiri Sugar Factory is a new manufacturer of sugar in Uganda. As of May 2021, the factory is under construction, on a piece of real estate in Bugubo Village. With no sizable nucleus plantation of its own, the factory expects to source sugarcane primarily from out growers in the district and sub-region.
The new factory expects to begin commercial production in December 2021. When fully operational, the factory expects to produce 4,800 bags of each, of crystalline sugar, at maximum capacity. In May 2021, the Daily Monitor reported that Bugiri Sugar Factory plans to focus on production of industrial sugar and industrial ethanol.
History
As of May 2021, Uganda had five major sugar manufacturers, namely (a) GM Sugar Uganda Limited (b) Kakira Sugar Works (c) Kinyara Sugar Works Limited (d) Sango Bay Estates Limited and Sugar Corporation of Uganda Limited. Starting in 2011, a plethora of smaller sugar manufacturers began to acquire manufacturing licenses, so that by 2021 these smaller manufacturers number about 20. The majority of them are located in Busoga.
As it turns out, many of the smaller outfits are owned by one or another of the big five manufacturers. Out grower farmers find it difficult to sell their cane profitably because of collusion between the large manufacturers and their subsidiary smaller outfits.
Bugiri Sugar Factory is expected to offer some relief to out grower farmers because (a) it has no nucleus farm of its own (b)
it has no subsidiary factory to collude with and (c) out grower farmers are the main source of raw sugarcane.
Ownership
As of May 2021, the shareholding in Bugiri Sugar Factory is private and not widely publicly known.
See also
List of sugar manufacturers in Uganda
List of power stations in Uganda
References
External links
Uganda Sees 11% Growth In Sugar Output This Year As of 2019.
Uganda Manufactures 510,000 Metric Tonnes of Sugar Annually, of Which 360,000 Metric Tonnes Are Consumed Locally As of July 2020.
Sugar companies of Uganda
Food and drink companies established in 2020
Busoga
Bugiri District
Eastern Region, Uganda
2020 establishments in Uganda |
The tap code, sometimes called the knock code, is a way to encode text messages on a letter-by-letter basis in a very simple way. The message is transmitted using a series of tap sounds, hence its name.
The tap code has been commonly used by prisoners to communicate with each other. The method of communicating is usually by tapping either the metal bars, pipes or the walls inside a cell.
Design
The tap code is based on a Polybius square using a 5×5 grid of letters representing all the letters of the Latin alphabet, except for K, which is represented by C.
Each letter is communicated by tapping two numbers, the first designating the row and the second (after a pause) designating the column. For example, to specify the letter "B", one taps once, pauses, and then taps twice. The listener only needs to discriminate the timing of the taps to isolate letters.
To communicate the word "hello", the cipher would be the following (with the pause between each number in a pair being shorter than the pause between letters):
The letter "X" is used to break up sentences, and "K" for acknowledgements.
Because of the difficulty and length of time required for specifying a single letter, prisoners often devise abbreviations and acronyms for common items or phrases, such as "GN" for Good night, or "GBU" for God bless you.
By comparison, Morse code is harder to send by tapping or banging because a single tap will fade out and thus has no discernible length. Morse code, however, requires the ability to create two distinguishable lengths (or types) of taps. To simulate Morse by tapping therefore requires either two different sounds (pitch, volume), or very precise timing, so that a dash within a character (e.g. the character N, ) remains distinguishable from a dot at the end of a character (e.g. E-E, ). Morse code also takes longer to learn. Learning the tap system simply requires one to know the alphabet and the short sequence "AFLQV" (the initial letter of each row), without memorising the entire grid. For example, if a person hears four knocks, they can think "A... F... L... Q". If after a pause there are three knocks, they think "Q... R... S" to arrive at the letter S.
History
The origins of this encoding go back to the Polybius square of Ancient Greece. Like the "knock code", a Cyrillic script version is said to have been used by nihilist prisoners of the Russian czars. The knock code is featured in Arthur Koestler's 1941 work Darkness at Noon. Kurt Vonnegut's 1952 novel Player Piano also includes a conversation between prisoners using a form of tap code. The code used in the novel is more primitive and does not make use of the Polybius square (e.g. "P" consists of sixteen taps in a row).
United States prisoners of war during the Vietnam War are most known for having used the tap code. It was introduced in June 1965 by four POWs held in the Hỏa Lò ("Hanoi Hilton") prison: Captain Carlyle "Smitty" Harris, Lieutenant Phillip Butler, Lieutenant Robert Peel, and Lieutenant Commander Robert Shumaker. Harris had heard of the tap code being used by prisoners in World War II and remembered a United States Air Force instructor who had discussed it as well.
In Vietnam, the tap code became a very successful way for otherwise isolated prisoners to communicate. POWs would use the tap code in order to communicate to each other between cells in a way which the guards would be unable to pick up on. They used it to communicate everything from what questions interrogators were asking (in order for everyone to stay consistent with a deceptive story), to who was hurt and needed others to donate meager food rations. It was easy to teach and newly arrived prisoners became fluent in it within a few days. It was even used when prisoners were sitting next to each other but not allowed to talk, by tapping on another's thigh. By overcoming isolation with the tap code, prisoners were said to be able to maintain a chain of command and keep up morale.
In 1980, a doctor sentenced to life in solitary confinement in Somalia used tap code to share the entirety of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, nearly 2 million letters, via tap code with fellow prisoners.
References
External links
Online Tap Code Encoder/Decoder
Russian Prison Tap Codes
L' Alfabeto Quadrato(Codice a Colpi) - An Degrida Artist An Degrida's Tap Code artistic illustration.
Classical ciphers
Encodings |
Enos or Enosh ( ʾĔnōš; "mortal man"; ; Enṓs; Ge'ez: ሄኖስ/Henos) is a figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible. He is described as the first son of Seth who figures in the Generations of Adam, and is also referred to within the genealogies of 1 Chronicles.
According to Christianity, he is part of the genealogy of Jesus as mentioned in . Enos is also mentioned in Islam in the various collections of tales of the pre-Islamic prophets, which honor him in an identical manner. Furthermore, early Islamic historians like Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham always included his name in the genealogy of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, (Arabic: ’Anūsh أَنُوش or: Yānish يَانِش).
In the Hebrew Bible
According to the Masoretic Genesis, Seth was 105 years old when Enos was born (but the Septuagint version gives 205 years), and Seth had further sons and daughters. Enos was the grandson of Adam and Eve (; ). According to Seder Olam Rabbah, based on Jewish reckoning, he was born in AM 235. According to the Septuagint, it was in AM 435.
Enos was the father of Kenan, who was born when Enos was 90 years old (or 190 years, according to the Septuagint).
According to the Bible, Enos died at the age of 905, when Noah was aged 84 (as per Masoretic chronology).
In Judaism
says: "And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enosh; then began men to call upon the name of the Lord". The traditional Jewish interpretation of this verse, though, implies that it marked the beginning of idolatry, i.e. that men start dubbing "Lord" things that were mere creatures. This is because the previous generations, notably Adam, had already "begun calling upon the name of the Lord", which forces one to interpret הוחל huchal not as "began" but as the homonym "profanated". In this light, Enosh suggests the notion of a humanity (Enoshut) thinking of itself as an absolute rather than in relation to God (Enosh vs. Adam).
Maimonides in Mishneh Torah Avodat Kochavim chapter 1:1–2 writes:
Most of the commentators agree with this view.
In Christianity
Enos is included in the genealogy of Jesus, according to Luke 3:23–28.
Ethiopian Orthodox Bible
According to the Book of Jubilees (4:11-13) in the Ethiopian Orthodox Bible, Enos was born in AM 235, and "began to call on the name of the Lord on the earth." He married his sister, No'am, and they had a son, Kenan, in the year 325 AM. Ethiopian Orthodox tradition considers him a "faithful and righteous servant of God", and further credits him with the introduction, following a divine revelation, of the Ge'ez alphabet in its original, consonant-only form, "as an instrument for codifying the laws".
Latter-day Saint scripture
Enos, son of Seth is mentioned both in the Bible, and in distinctive Latter Day Saint texts. The Doctrine and Covenants teaches that Enos was ordained to the priesthood at age 134. When Adam called his posterity into the land of Adam-ondi-Ahman to give them a final blessing, Enos was one of the righteous high priests in attendance. The Joseph Smith Translation, as excerpted in the Book of Moses, states that Enos led the people of God to a promised land, which he named Cainan, after his son.
Enos, son of Seth is distinct from Enos, son of Jacob, the Nephite to whom the Book of Enos is ascribed, who is the son of Jacob, son of Lehi.
19th-century Protestantism
According to Matthew George Easton, 19th-century Scottish Presbyterian preacher and author of Easton's Bible Dictionary, "In his time 'men began to call upon the name of the Lord' (Gen. 4:26), meaning either (1) then began men to call themselves by the name of the Lord (marg.) i.e., to distinguish themselves thereby from idolaters; or (2) then men in some public and earnest way began to call upon the Lord, indicating a time of spiritual revival".
In Mandaeism
According to the Mandaean scriptures, including the Qolastā, the Book of John and Genzā Rabbā, Enosh is cognate with the angelic soteriological figure Anush Uthra, (, sometimes translated as "Excellent Ennosh"), who is spoken of as the son or brother of Sheetil (Seth). Anush is a lightworld being (uthra) who taught John the Baptist and performed many of the same miracles within Jerusalem typically ascribed to Jesus by Christians.
Family tree
According to the Book of Jubilees:
See also
Alulim
References
Creators of writing systems
Bereshit (parashah)
Book of Genesis people
Book of Jubilees
Uthras |
Tarova () is a rural locality (a village) in Stepanovskoye Rural Settlement, Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 497 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.
Geography
Tarova is located 6 km southeast of Kudymkar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Artamonova is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kudymkarsky District |
Trichophyton concentricum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte believed to be an etiological agent of a type of skin mycosis in humans, evidenced by scaly cutaneous patches on the body known as tinea imbricata. This fungus has been found mainly in the Pacific Islands and South America.
Growth and morphology
Trichophyton concentricum produce dense, slow-growing folded colonies which are mostly white to cream colored on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and their hyphae are normally branched, irregular and septate with antler tips resembling T.schoenleinii. The production of conidia is unusual, however when present, microconidia and macroconidia are smooth walled with a diameter of approximately 4 microns and 50 μm respectively. Due to its resemblance to macroconidia, hyphae are sometimes falsely identified as macroconidia. These fungi are also considered to be osmotolerant because of their ability to grown small colonies on 5% NaCl media and are. Hair perforation assays are generally negative with T. concentricum and growth is poor at 37 °C. While T. concentricum is considered to be independent of external vitamin sources, growth is more robust with thiamine supplementation. This characteristic feature is commonly used to distinguish between T. concentricum and T. schoeleinii. Overall, the natural habitat and growth of T. concentricum is not well understood and further studies are required.
Reproduction
Trichophyton concentricum reproduces sexually via its ascospores which are produced internally in vacuoles called asci (sing. ascus), found in pouches known as ascomata (sing. ascoma). The asexual form of T. concentricum is composed of irregularly arranged filaments with chlamydoconidia and microaleurioconidia.
Pathology and treatment
Trichophyton concentricum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte, meaning, humans are its primary host. Disease may result from close contact with the spores and filaments of T.concentricum or contact and sharing of household items with an infected person since it is communicable. It is usually contracted during childhood and causes a non-inflammatory chronic tinea corporis known as tinea imbricata, otherwise known as Tokelau. This is characterized by concentric rings of overlapping scales called papulosquamous patches which may exist for an individual's lifetime. While these lesions appears to affect mostly the trunk region of the body, it may affect any other area. There has been rare occurrences where the nails, skin and palms are affected but it has not been known to invade hair. Most lesions begin on the face and subsequently spread to larger areas of the body. Pruritus has been the most common symptom of infection and it is most severe in warm and humid climates. Tinea imbricata has been known to cause hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation. Susceptibility to this infection has been reported to be hereditary with both dominant and recessive inheritance patterns. Environmental and immunological factors have also been implicated as playing a role in susceptibility to this fungus. Tinea imbricata can co-exist with other maladies and this may result in varied clinical presentations.
Scrapings from lesions can be stained with 10% potassium hydroxide for visualization under microscope. The medium Sabouraud's dextrose agar is commonly used for colony growth and is treated with antibiotics to prevent bacterial contamination. Colonies growth is usually observed in 1–2 weeks at 25 °C. Identification using polymerase chain reaction is also possible, this provides an accurate rapid diagnosis.
Treatment of tinea imbricata is usually with griseofulvin combined with a topical imidazole agent which is administered until cured. Treatment with griseofulvin or terbinafine has also been successful when combined with a keratinolytic agent, such as a topical cream. Griseofulvin which is administered orally, serves to disrupt fungal mitosis, hence prevents the division and spread of fungal cells . Compared to griseofulvin, azole and allylamine agents have not been found to be as effective in treating tinea imbricata. However, griseofulvin has not shown to be effective as a prophylactic agent to prevent tinea imbricata. The eradication of T.concentricum is believed to be difficult due to high recurrence and presence in remote rural areas.
Epidemiology
Trichophyton concentricum is endemic to the Pacific Islands and southeast Asia, particularly in the indigenous hill tribe people. 9-18% of individuals in these regions are affected. Cases of T. concentricum infection among the South and Central American indigenous people has also been reported. Infections among Europeans are rare. The vast range of climates in the endemic regions has led to speculations about the existence of two strains: a thermotolerant strain which lives between 28 and 30 degrees Celsius and a thermo-sensitive strain which lives between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. However, no evidence has been found to support this theory.
Tinea imbricata has been found in equal proportions in males and females and distributed equally among all age groups. The disease affects mostly pure race and lack of proper hygienic conditions have been shown to increase risk of infection. Additionally, dietary conditions, hygiene, environment, immune considerations, and genetics are factors believed to play a role in susceptibility.
References
Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions
Arthrodermataceae
Fungi described in 1896 |
Philip Green Wright (October 3, 1861 – September 4, 1934) was an American economist who in 1928 first proposed the use of instrumental variables estimation as the earliest known solution to the identification problem in econometrics. In a book review published in 1915 he wrote one of the first explanations of the identification problem. His primary topic of applied research was tariff policy, and he wrote several books on the topic. He also wrote poetry, was a mentor to the poet and author Carl Sandburg, and published some of Sandburg's earliest works. Wright was the father of geneticist Sewall Wright.
Early life
Wright was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1861 to John Seward Wright and Mary Clark Green Wright. His grandfather was Elizur Wright, an abolitionist and pioneer of life insurance regulation. Philip Wright grew up in Medford, Massachusetts, and in 1884 graduated from Tufts College with a bachelor of mechanic arts (AMB) degree. From 1884 to 1886 he taught mathematics at Buchtel College in Akron, Ohio, after which he attended Harvard University and graduated with a master of arts (AM) degree in economics in 1887.
After graduating from Harvard, Wright worked as a civil engineer and a life insurance actuary. In 1889 he married Elizabeth Quincy Sewall of Saint Paul, Minnesota, who was Wright's first cousin. Elizabeth would be a local leader in the women's suffrage movement. The couple had three sons, geneticist Sewall Wright, political scientist Quincy Wright, and aeronautical engineer Theodore Paul Wright.
Lombard College and Sandburg
From 1892 to 1912, Wright was professor of mathematics, astronomy, and economics at Lombard College in Galesburg, Illinois. Lombard was a small Universalist college that would ultimately fold in 1930. During Wright's tenure, the typical enrollment was from 150 to 200 students with about 12 to 15 full-time faculty members. Wright's teaching load was heavy and covered a wide variety of subjects. In addition to teaching mathematics (through calculus), astronomy, and economics, he also taught classes in fiscal history, surveying, English composition, and literature and was director of the gymnasium. He owned a hand printing press, which he used to print college notices and bulletins from the basement of his home.
During his two decades at Lombard, Wright published little if any work in economics. Instead, he pursued poetry and published several volumes. In 1894 his book Natives and Exotics, a collection of 25 poems, was published by Brotherhood Steam Print, and in 1905 The Dial of the Heart was published by R.G. Badger. He also wrote two books of poetry, A Baker's Dozen for a Few Score Friends (1903) and The Dreamer (1906), that he published from his own basement press, which he named "Asgard Press." The Dreamer was favorably reviewed by William Marion Reedy, editor of The Mirror, who described it as "poetry of this very time, a poetry of intense concern of practicality, full of 'the hate of hater, the scorn of scorn, the love of love.'". Carl Sandburg wrote forewords for both The Dial of the Heart and The Dreamer under the name "Charles Sandburg" that he was using at the time.
From 1898 to 1902, Sandburg, recently discharged from military service in the Spanish–American War, enrolled as a student at Lombard College. Wright taught a class called "Daily Themes" in which students were required to write one or two-page essays each day and then critique their work. He also invited about a dozen students to his home each Sunday evening for a literary discussion group. During Sandburg's final year at Lombard, Wright organized a "Poor Writers' Club" consisting of Sandburg, two other students who were interested in creative writing, and himself, in which they discussed each other's work and endeavored to improve it. Sandburg was influenced not only by Wright's interests in poetry and literature, but also by his political theory and emphasis on social consciousness. Sandburg wrote, "I had four years of almost daily contact with [Wright] and visited with him in later years as often as possible. And there was never a time that he didn't deepen whatever reverence I had for the human mind and the workings of a vast mysterious Universe."
In 1904 Wright's Asgard Press published Sandburg's first book, In Reckless Ecstasy, a 39-page book containing 17 poems and six prose vignettes. Wright wrote the foreword, writing that the contents have "the delightful bloom and freshness and spontaneous enthusiasm of expression of one who is witnessing the sunrise for the first time." The edition of 100 copies sold out at a price of $1.00 each. Subsequently, the Asgard Press published three more brochure-sized works by Sandburg: Incidentals, a 32-page booklet containing short pieces on topics such as the pursuit of happiness; The Plaint of a Rose, a ten-page "prose-poem," and Joseffy, An Appreciation, a nine-page booklet about the magician Joseffy.
Economics and instrumental variables
Return to Massachusetts
In 1912, with his two oldest sons having graduated from Lombard College, Wright decided to return to Massachusetts. He first took a position as an assistant professor at Williams College, substituting for a professor on leave. In 1913 he obtained employment at Harvard University, first as the assistant to Frank W. Taussig, his former advisor, then as an instructor in economics. Finally having the time and opportunity to write on economics, Wright was prolific, writing several articles and reviews for the Quarterly Journal of Economics, which Taussig edited.
In 1915, the Quarterly Journal of Economics published Wright's review of Economic Cycles: Their Law and Cause by Henry L. Moore, which included an early effort to estimate statistical demand curves. According to the law of demand, demand curves should show a negative relationship between price of a commodity and the quantity demanded. But in Moore's book, his statistical demand curve for one product, pig iron, infamously yielded a positive relationship between price and quantity. Moore tried to explain it as a new kind of demand curve, but Wright's review established that the positive slope could have been the result of a demand curve that was shifting to the right along a stable supply curve. In other words, without additional identifying information, it is impossible to determine whether a data correlation between price and quantity represents a demand curve, a supply curve, or an indeterminate mix of the two. Wright's review was one of the earliest statements of the identification problem in econometrics. At about the same time, the identification problem was also independently discovered by Marcel Lenoir in his 1913 doctoral dissertation, Etudes sur la Formation et le Mouvement des Prix, and by R.A. Lehfeldt in his 1915 review of Moore's book for the Economic Journal.
Move to Washington
In 1917, Wright accepted a position in Washington with the newly formed U.S. Tariff Commission where Taussig had been appointed as the first chairman. Wright remained at the Tariff Commission until 1922, when he accepted a position at the Institute of Economics, which would later become the Brookings Institution. He worked at Brookings until his retirement in 1929, writing several monographs and scholarly articles on international trade and tariffs. Meanwhile, Philip Wright's son, Sewall, completed his doctorate in genetics at Harvard University in 1915, then spent 10 years at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington before taking a faculty position at the University of Chicago in 1926. In addition to studying physiological genetics, Sewall also worked in statistics investigating the relationship between correlation and causal inference and developing the method of path analysis to model causal relationships.
Instrumental variables
In an appendix of his 1928 book, The Tariff on Animal and Vegetable Oils, Wright proposed instrumental variables regression as a solution to the identification problem for a supply-and-demand model. Wright needed to estimate the slope of a demand curve in order to measure the impact of a tariff. But, as he had noted in his 1915 review of Moore's book, the observed data were determined simultaneously by supply and demand, so the demand curve could not be determined directly from data on price and quantity alone. The appendix begins with a thorough explanation of the identification problem in the context of a supply-and-demand model. Wright noted that statistical methods "must be based on the introduction of additional factors. Such additional factors may be factors which (A) affect demand conditions without affecting cost conditions or which (B) affect cost conditions without affecting demand conditions." He referred to these additional factors, which are now known as instrumental variables, as the "method of external factors." After solving the identification problem with instrumental variables, Wright then analyzed the problem using the method of path analysis and showed that it also could be used to solve the identification problem. He concluded by using both methods to estimate supply and demand equations for flaxseed and butter and found that the two methods produced similar results.
For more than four decades Wright's 1928 publication on instrumental variables was overlooked and largely forgotten. In the 1940s Olav Reiersøl and Roy C. Geary independently discovered the idea of using instrumental variables to solve the identification problem in an errors-in-variables model, and a 1945 paper by Reiersøl introduced the name "instrumental variables." In a 1972 article that largely focused on Sewall Wright's method of path analysis, Arthur Goldberger rediscovered Philip Wright's 1928 appendix.
Goldberger said that Wright prepared the 1928 appendix on instrumental variables in collaboration with his son, Sewall. Philip Wright's book did not acknowledge collaboration or authorship by Sewall, but the stark difference between the sophisticated statistical theory of the appendix and the tedious presentation of information on animal and vegetable oils in the rest of the book, together with Sewall's extensive publication record in statistics led many researchers citing the work to assume that Sewall was the author of the appendix. In 2003 James H. Stock and Francesco Trebbi endeavored to determine authorship by conducting stylometric analysis, comparing word usage and grammatical constructions to other samples of each author's writings, and concluded that the evidence clearly supports Philip as the writer. They acknowledged, however, that the stylometric analysis could not determine which man was responsible for coming up with the idea. Later, Stock and Kerry Clark obtained correspondence between Philip and Sewall Wright written during the winter of 1925–26 in which they worked out the two solutions to the identification problem, instrumental variables and path analysis. The letters made it clear that the solutions were worked out collaboratively with each man contributing to them. The letters also showed that prior to publication of the appendix, Philip Wright had submitted a paper describing the research to the Quarterly Journal of Economics, but it was rejected.
Retirement and death
After Wright's retirement from the Brookings Institution, he did research on tariffs for the Institute of Pacific Relations and on the effects of inflation for the Duke Foundation. With his wife, Elizabeth, he coauthored a biography of their grandfather, Elizur Wright, which was published after Philip's death.
Wright died on September 4, 1934, in Washington, D.C.
Honors, recognition, and legacy
In January 1930, Wright received an honorary degree from Lombard College just a few months before the college folded and merged its academic programs with Knox College. A newspaper reported that at Lombard College's final commencement ceremonies on June 2, 1930, the exercises "were closed by the singing of 'The Lombard Hymn,' written by Dr. Philip G. Wright, Lombard... former professor, of Washington, DC."
In honor of Wright and other teachers from Lombard College, Knox College annually presents the Philip Green Wright – Lombard College Prizes for Distinguished Teaching to two Knox faculty members.
On October 3, 2011, Tufts University organized a seminar honoring Wright on the 150th anniversary of his birth.
References
Economists from Massachusetts
Econometricians
International economists
1861 births
1934 deaths
Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
People from Boston
20th-century American economists
American male poets
American publishers (people) |
Paul Monde Shalala (born 29 August 1984), is an internationally renowned and award-winning Zambian journalist, blogger, and political analyst specializing on Zambian, African and world current affairs. He is a reporter for the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation.
In 2010, he was elected as Secretary (Northern Region) for the Zambia Union of Broadcasters. He writes the blog The Zambian Analyst and on other platforms.
Early life and education
He spent most of his childhood in Nangoma area of Mumbwa District in Central Zambia. He attended Kasalu Basic School for his primary school and junior secondary school education from 1990 to 1999. He then proceeded to Mumbwa High School where he studied for his Senior Secondary School from 2000 to 2002.
In 2023, he posted a photo of himself in front of a thatched house, a photo that went viral on social media.
Shalala attended the Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, between January 2004 and 2007 for his Diploma in Journalism, Public Relations and Advertising. He is presently pursuing a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Development Studies with a minor in political science at the University of Zambia's Institute for Distance Education. In 2011, he attended a training workshop on "Reporting Religion" in Lusaka organized by The Media Project. He has also done several specialized journalism training just to sharpen his journalism skills. He has a Certificate in Reporting Politics, Good Governance and Elections from the International Institute for Journalism in Berlin, Germany; Business and Financial Reporting by the Thomson Reuters Foundation in Kampala, Uganda, Advanced Economic and Governance Reporting by the Thomson Reuters Foundation in Johannesburg, South Africa, Energy and Environmental Reporting as part of the Europe-Africa Young Journalists Programme in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Investigative Journalism and Anti-Corruption Reporting by the International Anti-Corruption Academy during a week-long course at the West Africa Regional Training Center in Accra, Ghana.
Journalism career
After his college diploma in Journalism, Public Relations and Advertising graduation from Sir Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, Shalala's first was at the newly opened New Vision Newspaper in Lusaka. He joined the paper in July 2008 at the invitation of his former classmate Bright Mukwasa who was in charge of the newsroom. During this stint, he could walk on foot to cover assignments and go back to the newsroom to submit stories. In the two years at the weekly newspaper, Paul rose from reporter to News Editor.
In March 2010, Shalala then joined Zambia's leading private television broadcaster, MUVI TV, as a reporter and it was there that he honed his journalism skills. At MUVI Television, he gained interest in political news and analysis. This led to the biggest television station in Zambia taking notice of his skills and style. It was at MUVI TV he became a weekly analyst on breakfast shows and occasionally appeared on the 18:30 main news to give analysis on some political developments in the country. He also made his name when he covered the 2011 campaigns and elections with frequent travels with then opposition Patriotic Front leader Michael Sata across the country for the television station. On 14 January 2011, Paul was the only TV journalist to have covered the Mongu riots where a number of people died at the hands of the Police during separatist riots. He left MUVI TV in February 2012 and became a freelance journalist. He has also written for The Media Project and The London Evening Post. He was also doing some consultancy for the Media Institute for Southern Africa (MISA) Zambia Chapter.
On 3 September 2012, Paul joined the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) as news reporter and he was deployed at TV2 where he reported on community news stories. The following year, he was transferred to TV1 where he covered more of politics and parliament. In April 2015, Paul was transferred to ZNBC's northern bureau which is based in the mining town of Kitwe. He then switched to reporting on mining, the environment, community news and politics.
His blog The Zambian Analyst has won him several local and international media awards in the past four years. Shalala has worked with international media organisations, including the BBC Africa Service, London Evening Post and South Africa's talk radio Radio 702 as a contributor. Moreover, he has featured regularly on a number of radio and television stations in Zambia as an analyst discussing political and economic developments in the country.
Awards and recognition
April 2014 he won the first prize in the TV category in the Policy Monitoring and Research Center (PMRC) Awards for his stories and analysis of the constitution making process.
On 14 November 2014 he received the second prize in the 2014 Africa Fact Checking Media Awards in Nairobi, Kenya . The story can be seen on YouTube: ( )
In 2014 he was one of the finalists in the $1 million African Story Challenge, a programme of reporting grants to encourage innovative, multi-media storytelling that aims to improve the health and prosperity of Africans.
On 18 December 2014 he won the Best Innovation Award at the 2014 ZANEC Media Awards in Lusaka for a story he wrote on his blog about the use of social media by educators in Zambia.
He received the 2016 Mandela Washington Fellowship, which he used to finance his studies at Syracuse University in New York.
On 5 March 2019, Paul Shalala was awarded the prestigious 2019 Jamal Khashoggi Award for Courageous Journalism in its first iteration. The award is named after Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi, a Saudi Arabian dissident, author, columnist for The Washington Post, and a general manager and editor-in-chief of Al-Arab News Channel who was assassinated at the Saudi Arabian consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by agents of the Saudi government. The award is administered by the Texas (USA) based non-governmental organisation – Inti Raymi Fund, a global human rights foundation, and it is given to journalists who demonstrate exemplary courage in the line of duty. Shalala's award was given in recognition for the series of stories he covered on the youth criminal gangs on the Copperbelt which groupings like the Tokota Boys; 70 Niggas; The Hundreds, and the Mbwambwambwa.
Trade Union career
Shalala was in December 2016 elected as Secretary for the Northern Region of the Zambia Union of Broadcasters and other Information Disseminators (ZUBUD) for the term 2016 – 2018.
Personal life
Shalala is married and has two sons and a daughter.
References
Zambian journalists
University of Zambia alumni
Living people
People from Lusaka
People from Mumbwa District
1984 births |
San Pietro Apostolo in Rosis in Ginestreto is a baptismal parish church or pieve, located on Via della Libertà #2 in the frazione of Ginestreto, a hamlet inland from Pesaro, in the province of Pesaro and Urbino, region of Marche, Italy.
History
A church at the site was founded in the 7th to 8th centuries. An ancient Roman sarcophagus, once used as a water basin, was formerly found at the church, and now in the Diocesan museum. Documents from 1290 recall a Parochia Sancti Petri extra moenia Genestreti. The present parish church, located inside the walls of town, dates to the 14th century, with an inscription in the bell-tower stating Anno 1384 Henricus me fecit. In 1565, this new church was consecrated; it now has external Gothic-style decorations such as a façade with mullioned windows and a central rose window, likely added in the recent centuries. The body of San Lattanzio is said to be buried under the main altar.
References
Roman Catholic churches in Pesaro
16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Gothic Revival church buildings in Italy |
Ingrid Tanqueray (born 25 August 1988) is a French basketball player for Basket Lattes and the French national team, where she participated at the 2014 FIBA World Championship.
References
External links
Profile at archive.fiba.com
1988 births
Living people
French women's basketball players
Guards (basketball)
Sportspeople from Caen |
The Mull Lava Group is a Palaeogene lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in the west Highlands of Scotland. The name is derived from the Isle of Mull where they are most extensively seen, forming the bedrock across much of the island. They extend into the mainland peninsulas of Ardnamurchan and Morvern and also out to sea.
Lithology and stratigraphy
The Group consists of around 1800 m thickness of lavas erupted from the Mull Central Volcanic Complex and display a range of chemistries. The Group includes (in descending order, i.e. oldest last):
Mull Central Lava Formation
Mull Plateau Lava Formation
Ben More Pale Member
Ben More Main Member
Staffa Lava Formation
Ardtun Conglomerate Member
Gribun Mudstone Member (known as the Beinn Iadain Mudstone Formation in Morvern)
These three formations were formerly known as the Staffa, Main and Pale ‘suites’ of the Plateau Group
References
Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Paleocene Series of Europe
Geology of Scotland |
Myōō-in (明王院) is a Buddhist temple in Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan.
History
Kūkai states that the Risshū or "Vinaya School", one of the Nanto Rokushū, constructed this temple in 807. The original name of the temple was Jōfuku-ji .
The major object of worship at this temple, a statue of Eleven-Faced Kannon (Juchimen-Kannon), is estimated to have originated in the early years of the Heian period and no doubt was extant in the 9th century.
During the Edo period, this temple changed its sect affiliation and name to fall under the protection of the Mizuno clan, a clan of daimyōs in the region.
Today, the temple belongs to the .
Object of Worship
Juchimen-Kannon – estimated to be carved in the 9th century
Cultural Properties
This temple has two National Treasures and one Important Cultural Property as selected by Japanese government.
National Treasures
The Main Hall – constructed in 1321
Five Story Pagoda – constructed in 1348
Important Cultural Properties
Juichimen-Kannon
Access
Kusadouenocho Bus Stop of Tomotetsu Bus
References
Official Home Page of Fukuyama City
Buddhist temples in Hiroshima Prefecture
Fukuyama, Hiroshima
National Treasures of Japan
Important Cultural Properties of Japan
Pagodas in Japan
Hiroshima Prefecture designated important cultural property |
A tic is a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic movement or sound.
Tic or TIC may also refer to:
Businesses and organizations
Technology Innovation Centre, at Birmingham City University
Telecommunication Infrastructure Company of I.R.Iran
Tyne Improvement Commission of Tyne and Wear, England
People
Tic Forrester (1896–1970), a U.S. Representative from Georgia
Tic Price (b. 1955), a college basketball coach
Tic (musician), Ghanaian musician
Science, technology, and mathematics
Thermal imaging camera
Titanium carbide, chemical formula TiC
Total inorganic carbon, a composition characteristic of liquid and solid material samples
Total ion current, a type of mass chromatogram
Trauma-induced coagulopathy
Trusted Internet Connection
Truncated cube, a polyhedron
TESS Input Catalog, a star catalog
Other uses
Tenancy in common, in property law, a form of concurrent estate
Treasury International Capital, a set of US Treasury reports
Jockey Club Ti-I College, a secondary school in Hong Kong
Tinak Airport, Marshall Islands (by IATA code)
Tongue-in-cheek abbreviation
See also
Tick (disambiguation)
Tik (disambiguation) |
```smalltalk
// <auto-generated />
using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.ValueConversion;
using Ombi.Store.Context.MySql;
namespace Ombi.Store.Migrations.OmbiMySql
{
[DbContext(typeof(OmbiMySqlContext))]
[Migration("20210305151743_TvRequestProviderId")]
partial class TvRequestProviderId
{
protected override void BuildTargetModel(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
#pragma warning disable 612, 618
modelBuilder
.HasAnnotation("Relational:MaxIdentifierLength", 64)
.HasAnnotation("ProductVersion", "5.0.1");
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("Id")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("ConcurrencyStamp")
.IsConcurrencyToken()
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("Name")
.HasMaxLength(256)
.HasColumnType("varchar(256)");
b.Property<string>("NormalizedName")
.HasMaxLength(256)
.HasColumnType("varchar(256)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("NormalizedName")
.IsUnique()
.HasDatabaseName("RoleNameIndex");
b.ToTable("AspNetRoles");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRoleClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("ClaimType")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("ClaimValue")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("RoleId")
.IsRequired()
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("RoleId");
b.ToTable("AspNetRoleClaims");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("ClaimType")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("ClaimValue")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.IsRequired()
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("AspNetUserClaims");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserLogin<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("LoginProvider")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("ProviderKey")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("ProviderDisplayName")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.IsRequired()
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("LoginProvider", "ProviderKey");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("AspNetUserLogins");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserRole<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("RoleId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("UserId", "RoleId");
b.HasIndex("RoleId");
b.ToTable("AspNetUserRoles");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserToken<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("LoginProvider")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("Name")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("Value")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("UserId", "LoginProvider", "Name");
b.ToTable("AspNetUserTokens");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Audit", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("AuditArea")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("AuditType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("DateTime")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("Description")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("User")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.ToTable("Audit");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.MobileDevices", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("AddedAt")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("Token")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("MobileDevices");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.NotificationTemplates", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("Agent")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<bool>("Enabled")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("Message")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("NotificationType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Subject")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.ToTable("NotificationTemplates");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.NotificationUserId", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("AddedAt")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("PlayerId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("NotificationUserId");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("Id")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<int>("AccessFailedCount")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Alias")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("ConcurrencyStamp")
.IsConcurrencyToken()
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("Email")
.HasMaxLength(256)
.HasColumnType("varchar(256)");
b.Property<bool>("EmailConfirmed")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<int?>("EpisodeRequestLimit")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Language")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime?>("LastLoggedIn")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<bool>("LockoutEnabled")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<DateTimeOffset?>("LockoutEnd")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int?>("MovieRequestLimit")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int?>("MusicRequestLimit")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("NormalizedEmail")
.HasMaxLength(256)
.HasColumnType("varchar(256)");
b.Property<string>("NormalizedUserName")
.HasMaxLength(256)
.HasColumnType("varchar(256)");
b.Property<string>("PasswordHash")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("PhoneNumber")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<bool>("PhoneNumberConfirmed")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("ProviderUserId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("SecurityStamp")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("StreamingCountry")
.IsRequired()
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<bool>("TwoFactorEnabled")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("UserAccessToken")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("UserName")
.HasMaxLength(256)
.HasColumnType("varchar(256)");
b.Property<int>("UserType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("NormalizedEmail")
.HasDatabaseName("EmailIndex");
b.HasIndex("NormalizedUserName")
.IsUnique()
.HasDatabaseName("UserNameIndex");
b.ToTable("AspNetUsers");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.RecentlyAddedLog", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("AddedAt")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("AlbumId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("ContentId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("ContentType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int?>("EpisodeNumber")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int?>("SeasonNumber")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("Type")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.ToTable("RecentlyAddedLog");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.RequestQueue", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime?>("Completed")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<DateTime>("Dts")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("Error")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("RequestId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RetryCount")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("Type")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.ToTable("RequestQueue");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.RequestSubscription", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RequestId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RequestType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("RequestSubscription");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.AlbumRequest", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<bool>("Approved")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("ArtistName")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<bool>("Available")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("Cover")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<bool?>("Denied")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("DeniedReason")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("Disk")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("ForeignAlbumId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("ForeignArtistId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime>("MarkedAsApproved")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<DateTime?>("MarkedAsAvailable")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<DateTime>("MarkedAsDenied")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<decimal>("Rating")
.HasColumnType("decimal(65,30)");
b.Property<DateTime>("ReleaseDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int>("RequestType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("RequestedByAlias")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime>("RequestedDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("RequestedUserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("Title")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("RequestedUserId");
b.ToTable("AlbumRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.ChildRequests", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<bool>("Approved")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<bool>("Available")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<bool?>("Denied")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("DeniedReason")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int?>("IssueId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("MarkedAsApproved")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<DateTime?>("MarkedAsAvailable")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<DateTime>("MarkedAsDenied")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int>("ParentRequestId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RequestType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("RequestedByAlias")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime>("RequestedDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("RequestedUserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<int>("SeriesType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Title")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("ParentRequestId");
b.HasIndex("RequestedUserId");
b.ToTable("ChildRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.IssueCategory", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Value")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.ToTable("IssueCategory");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.IssueComments", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Comment")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime>("Date")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int?>("IssuesId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("IssuesId");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("IssueComments");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.Issues", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("Description")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("IssueCategoryId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int?>("IssueId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("ProviderId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int?>("RequestId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RequestType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime?>("ResovledDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int>("Status")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Subject")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("Title")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("UserReportedId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("IssueCategoryId");
b.HasIndex("IssueId");
b.HasIndex("UserReportedId");
b.ToTable("Issues");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.MovieRequests", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<bool>("Approved")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<bool>("Available")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("Background")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<bool?>("Denied")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("DeniedReason")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime?>("DigitalReleaseDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("ImdbId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int?>("IssueId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("LangCode")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime>("MarkedAsApproved")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<DateTime?>("MarkedAsAvailable")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<DateTime>("MarkedAsDenied")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("Overview")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("PosterPath")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("QualityOverride")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("ReleaseDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int>("RequestType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("RequestedByAlias")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<DateTime>("RequestedDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<string>("RequestedUserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<int>("RootPathOverride")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Status")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("TheMovieDbId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Title")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("RequestedUserId");
b.ToTable("MovieRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.RequestLog", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("EpisodeCount")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("RequestDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int>("RequestId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RequestType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("RequestLog");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.TvRequests", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Background")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("ExternalProviderId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("ImdbId")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("Overview")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("PosterPath")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int?>("QualityOverride")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("ReleaseDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<int?>("RootFolder")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Status")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("Title")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("TotalSeasons")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("TvDbId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.ToTable("TvRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Tokens", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Token")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("Tokens");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.UserNotificationPreferences", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("Agent")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<bool>("Enabled")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<string>("Value")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("UserNotificationPreferences");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.UserQualityProfiles", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RadarrQualityProfile")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RadarrRootPath")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("SonarrQualityProfile")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("SonarrQualityProfileAnime")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("SonarrRootPath")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("SonarrRootPathAnime")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("UserQualityProfiles");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Votes", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("Date")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<bool>("Deleted")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<int>("RequestId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("RequestType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("varchar(255)");
b.Property<int>("VoteType")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("UserId");
b.ToTable("Votes");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Repository.Requests.EpisodeRequests", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<DateTime>("AirDate")
.HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
b.Property<bool>("Approved")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<bool>("Available")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<int>("EpisodeNumber")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<bool>("Requested")
.HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
b.Property<int>("SeasonId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Title")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<string>("Url")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("SeasonId");
b.ToTable("EpisodeRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Repository.Requests.SeasonRequests", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<int>("ChildRequestId")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.Property<string>("Overview")
.HasColumnType("longtext");
b.Property<int>("SeasonNumber")
.HasColumnType("int");
b.HasKey("Id");
b.HasIndex("ChildRequestId");
b.ToTable("SeasonRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRoleClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("RoleId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserLogin<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserRole<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("RoleId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserToken<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.MobileDevices", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.NotificationUserId", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany("NotificationUserIds")
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.RequestSubscription", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.AlbumRequest", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "RequestedUser")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("RequestedUserId");
b.Navigation("RequestedUser");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.ChildRequests", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.TvRequests", "ParentRequest")
.WithMany("ChildRequests")
.HasForeignKey("ParentRequestId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "RequestedUser")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("RequestedUserId");
b.Navigation("ParentRequest");
b.Navigation("RequestedUser");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.IssueComments", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.Issues", "Issues")
.WithMany("Comments")
.HasForeignKey("IssuesId");
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("Issues");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.Issues", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.IssueCategory", "IssueCategory")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("IssueCategoryId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.ChildRequests", null)
.WithMany("Issues")
.HasForeignKey("IssueId");
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.MovieRequests", null)
.WithMany("Issues")
.HasForeignKey("IssueId");
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "UserReported")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserReportedId");
b.Navigation("IssueCategory");
b.Navigation("UserReported");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.MovieRequests", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "RequestedUser")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("RequestedUserId");
b.Navigation("RequestedUser");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.RequestLog", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Tokens", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.UserNotificationPreferences", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany("UserNotificationPreferences")
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.UserQualityProfiles", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Votes", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", "User")
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId");
b.Navigation("User");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Repository.Requests.EpisodeRequests", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Repository.Requests.SeasonRequests", "Season")
.WithMany("Episodes")
.HasForeignKey("SeasonId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
b.Navigation("Season");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Repository.Requests.SeasonRequests", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.ChildRequests", "ChildRequest")
.WithMany("SeasonRequests")
.HasForeignKey("ChildRequestId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
b.Navigation("ChildRequest");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.OmbiUser", b =>
{
b.Navigation("NotificationUserIds");
b.Navigation("UserNotificationPreferences");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.ChildRequests", b =>
{
b.Navigation("Issues");
b.Navigation("SeasonRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.Issues", b =>
{
b.Navigation("Comments");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.MovieRequests", b =>
{
b.Navigation("Issues");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Entities.Requests.TvRequests", b =>
{
b.Navigation("ChildRequests");
});
modelBuilder.Entity("Ombi.Store.Repository.Requests.SeasonRequests", b =>
{
b.Navigation("Episodes");
});
#pragma warning restore 612, 618
}
}
}
``` |
Western Railway Stadium is a multi purpose stadium in Bhavnagar, Saurashtra. The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports. The stadium has hosted three first-class matches in 1962 when Saurashtra cricket team played against Maharashtra cricket team. The ground hosted four more first-class matches from 1967 to 1981 but since then the stadium has not hosted any matches.
References
External links
cricketarchive
cricinfo
Cricket grounds in Gujarat
Sports venues in Saurashtra (region)
Cricket grounds in Saurashtra (region)
Defunct cricket grounds in India
Sports venues completed in 1962
1962 establishments in Gujarat
20th-century architecture in India |
The Birds, the Bees and the Italians is a 1966 italian film directed by Pietro Germi. Its original Italian title is Signore & Signori, which means 'Ladies and Gentlemen'.
Plot
The film is set in an unspecified town in the Veneto region, which is indicated in the sign of the local newspaper as Rezega (and the cars have an imaginary RZ license plate). The plot revolves around the vicissitudes of a company of merchants and professionals from the middle-upper middle class who, behind an impeccable facade of respectability, hide a dense, implied plot of mutual betrayals.
As anthology film, presents three storylines. In the first story, Toni Gasparini, as much admired as feared by his friends, confesses to Dr. Castellan, a doctor and friend, that he has been powerless for many months now, to make him lower his guard against his young and vivacious wife Noemi. The doctor spreads his confidence with insensitive lightness in his circle of friends, for the pure pleasure of his gossip, unaware that he is supporting his plan. At the end of a party, Castellan, together with the others, continues the fun night in a night club and allows Toni to take Noemi home. When a friend, incredulous of the rumor of Gasparini's impotence, reveals that he witnessed the man's latest adventure some ten days earlier, the doctor rushes home, but arrives too late to prevent his willing wife from being seduced and is forced to hide what happened, to save his honor.
In the second, the accountant Osvaldo Bisigato, a modest bank employee, afflicted by a wife, Gilda, oppressive and rancorous, who constantly reproaches him for failures and lack of ambition, believes he can start a new life by running away with Milena Zulian, the young and beautiful cashier of the bar attended by the whole party, who reciprocate his interest. But, while cheating is tacitly permitted, separation is not socially acceptable, and so the whole town unites against him: his wife's cousin (the influential Ippolita, Gasparini's wife), the same "friends" or presumed such; the employer, the parish priest and even the commander of the Carabinieri: all to force him to retrace his steps and maintain the illusion of the sanctity of the conjugal union. Don Schiavon convinces Milena to leave the city and Bisigato, after a suicide attempt and hospitalization, returns to the ranks submissive and resigned.
In the third, Alda Cristofoletto, a young and beautiful country girl, who arrived in the city to shop, does not go unnoticed in the eyes of a group of womanizing friends, who one after another they take advantage of his availability. But the next day the farmer Bepi Cristofoletto, father of the girl, just sixteen, denounces them all for corruption of a minor. To prevent the community from being marked by scandalof the trial, while the economic "potentate" and the religious authorities silenced the local press (a series of phone calls asked the reporter Tosato to delete one name, another, until there was no guilty person left in the piece), the icy and calculating Ippolita, wife of one of the accused, convinces the naive and honest farmer Cristofoletto to withdraw the complaint, offering him in exchange a large sum of money and giving it to him, thus satisfying his carnal desires and keeping for himself (or better for the poor) a large part of the money raised for "brokerage".
The film shared the Grand Prix with A Man and a Woman at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival. It was later selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.
In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."
Cast
Virna Lisi – Milena Zulian
Gastone Moschin – Osvaldo Bisigato
Nora Ricci – Gilda Bisigato
Alberto Lionello – Toni Gasparini
Olga Villi – Ippolita Gasparini
Franco Fabrizi – Lino Benedetti
Beba Lončar – Noemi Castellan
Gigi Ballista – Giacinto Castellan
Carlo Bagno – Bepi Cristofoletto
Patrizia Valturri – Alda Cristofoletto
Virgilio Gazzolo – Newspaper editor
Quinto Parmeggiani – Giovanni Soligo
Gia Sandri – Betty Soligo
Moira Orfei – Giorgia Casellato
Virgilio Scapin – Don Schiavon
References
External links
Cannes profile
1966 films
Italian black-and-white films
Palme d'Or winners
Commedia all'italiana
1960s sex comedy films
1960s Italian-language films
Films shot in Veneto
Films directed by Pietro Germi
Films scored by Carlo Rustichelli
Italian anthology films
Films with screenplays by Luciano Vincenzoni
Commedia sexy all'italiana
Films set in Veneto
1966 comedy films
1960s Italian films |
Max Lüscher (9 September 1923 – 2 February 2017) was a Swiss psychotherapist known for inventing the Lüscher color test, a tool for measuring an individual's psychophysical state based on their color preferences. Besides research, teaching and practicing psychotherapy in Basel, Lüscher worked for international companies, amongst other things giving color advice. His book The Lüscher Test has been translated into more than 30 languages.
Biography
Max Lüscher was born in Basel, Switzerland on 9 September 1923. After receiving his Swiss "Matura", comparable to a diploma, he focused on studying psychiatry and achieved his doctorate in the areas of philosophy, psychology, and the philosophy of law. Lüscher completed his dissertation on "Color as an aid in psychological diagnosis". This project was chosen as the summa cum laude by his professors. After this, working as a psychotherapist, Lüscher created his first color test which was published in 1947. This test used color cards to determine the current emotional state of the test-taker. From 1961 to 1965, Lüscher lived in Berlin and continued his career as a psychotherapist. Lüscher was noted for his guest lectures and training seminars for physicians. The "Lüscher Color-Diagnostics" are now used in several universities across the world.
The Lüscher test colors
The test colors from the Lüscher Color-Diagnosis chosen based on favoritism. The test-taker chooses the card color they like best and then orders the rest from most-preferred to lease-preferred. Numbers are printed on the backside of each card, and after the test-taker orders them, the examiner turns them over and references an accompanying book that contains all of the different number combinations and their meaning. Lüscher argues that the subject's choice of color shows the state of their psychosomatic and emotional status and how they feel about themselves.
Lüscher relates to his four fundamental colors to the following fundamental categories:
Blue: Contentment
Feeling of belonging, the inner connection and the relationship to one’s partner.
"How I feel towards a person that is close to me"
Green: Self-respect
Inner control of willpower and the capacity to enjoy.
"The way I want to be"
Red: Self confidence<ref>[http://www.luscher-color.ch/base.asp?p=Info_Rot.htm&s=d&m=m_theorie.asp See and hear Self confidence]</ref>
Activity, drive and the reaction to challenges.
"How I react to challenges"
Yellow: DevelopmentAttitude of anticipation, attitude towards future development and towards new encounters.
"What I expect for the future"
A 1984 comparison of the Lüscher color test and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory found little agreement between the two tests, prompting the authors to urge cautious use of the former.
Bibliography
Max Lüscher: „The Lüscher Colour Test", Remarkable Test That Reveals Your Personality Through Color, Pan Books, 1972,
Max Lüscher: „Color - the mother tongue of the unconscious", Capsugel N.V. (1973)
Max Lüscher: „The 4-Color Person", Pocketbooks, Simon Schuster, 1979,
Max Lüscher, „Colors of Love" : Getting in Touch with Your Romantic Self, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1996,
Max Lüscher: „The Luscher Profile", Mindscape (1986), ASIN B000WY2OU8
Max Lüscher: „Personality Signs", Warner Books, 1981,
Max Lüscher: „Der Lüscher-Test. Persönlichkeitsbeurteilung durch Farbwahl", Rowohlt, Reinbek, 1985,
Max Lüscher: „Das Harmoniegesetz in uns", Ullstein, 2003,
Max Lüscher: „Der Vier-Farben-Mensch"'', Ullstein, 2005,
References
External links
Basics about Lüscher's Color Diagnostik - 7 languages - including English
Max Lüscher: The logical bases of the ethical norms (Powerpoint presentation)
Biography of Max Lüscher
The Colour blue - musically interpreted according to Max Lüscher (example)
Einführung in die Psychologik (Introduction to Psychologics) - (mp3) - German spoken by Prof. Max Lüscher
1923 births
2017 deaths
Psychology writers
20th-century Swiss philosophers
21st-century Swiss philosophers
Swiss psychiatrists
Swiss psychologists
People from Basel-Stadt |
Cave of the Winds is a cave in the Pikes Peak region of Colorado. It is located just west of Colorado Springs on U.S. Highway 24, near the Manitou Cliff Dwellings. Tours of the complex of caves are given daily.
Cave features
By far the most famous section of the Cave of the Winds is the Silent Splendor room. Discovered in 1984, the room contains numerous rare crystalline speleothems including helictites which appear to defy the laws of gravity by growing in strange directions and not being forced down by gravity like many cave formations. However, the room must be sealed off from the general public in order to maintain its delicate environment. Silent Splendor is sealed from public view by an "environmental gate" with a large tube that seals in moisture to maintain the atmosphere necessary for the delicate formations to continue to grow.
In the late 1980s, a few new passages were opened inside the cavern. On May 8, 1988, Mother's Day, a chamber called the "Adventure Room" was opened. Left in a more natural state than most of the cave, the Adventure Room has dirt floors, lower numbers of lights (compared to other chambers inside the cave) and gives entry to the Manitou Grand Caverns where Lantern Tours are given.
In 1989, a new passage named "Old Curiosity Shop" was opened, billed as the most narrow passage in the Cave of the Winds. Traversing it gains a look at the "Colorado Rose", a beaded helictite, and "Spider Web Valley", a collection of delicate helictites. This passage was opened to make tour groups moving through "Tall Man's Headache, Fat Man's Misery" a little easier.
Other lesser known attractions include a "bottomless pit", often the scene of practical jokes by the guides. The site also features a free-fall amusement ride called the Terror-Dactyl.
History
It is believed that both Apache and Ute Native Americans knew about the cave. The name, Cave of the Winds, relates to a legend involving the Apache, who were said to believe the cave was the home of a Great Spirit of the Wind.
The first documented mention of the cave came in 1880 when two brothers, John and George Pickett, discovered the cave during a hike in Williams Canyon led by the Rev. Roselle T. Cross, pastor of the Congregational Church in Colorado Springs. The boys noticed that their candles flickered in a small shelter cave they had found and wind was seen to be blowing from a nearby crevice. Crawling through the opening they emerged into a large chamber. Within a few days, Cross wrote about the discovery of the cave in his church newsletter and his story was immediately reprinted in the Colorado Springs Gazette of July 2, 1880.
The Colorado Encyclopedia relates: "Although Cross exaggerated the heights and depths of vertical elements, as do most inexperienced cavers, his account is remarkably free of the florid Victorian hyperbole typical of most cave descriptions of that time. Cross and his Boys’ Exploring Association explored most of the horizontal passages accessible from the original entrance, a distance of about 200 feet—a respectable distance for schoolboys using candles."
Tourist attraction
In 1880, the same year that the cave was discovered, George Washington Snider, a stonecutter from Ohio who had traveled to Colorado seeking his fortune visited the cave. Snider excavated passages from the Williams Canyon caves, as they were then called, and discovered "Canopy Hall" -- a large room nearly 200 feet long containing thousands of stalactites and stalagmites.. Snider wrote, “It was as though Aladdin with his wonderful lamp had effected the magic result." Unfortunately Snider spoke of his discovery in town and the next day the cave was mobbed by townspeople who
stripped the cavern of many of the stalactites.
Snider continued to excavate and began preparations for guided tours. The Cave of the Winds quickly became one of the established attractions of the young Manitou resort area. Cave of the Winds has been in continuous operation since 1881 – making it one of Colorado’s oldest visitor attractions. Electrical lights were added in 1907, and visitors began traveling to the cave in even greater numbers – first by carriage and railroad, and later by car.
The cost has increased over the years. In 2023 the admission price was USD$27 for adults, USD$18 for age 4 to 12.
Geology
About 500 million years ago during the Ordovician period warm shallow seas covered the Pikes Peak region of Colorado. The seas were home to abundant shell creatures that accumulated on the sea floor when they died. The layers built up for millions of years and were eventually compacted and hardened into the rock known as limestone. The geological name for the limestone layer found in the cave is Manitou Limestone.
About 70 million years ago the shallow seas receded and the area was lifted forming the Rocky Mountain region. About 4 to 7 million years ago the limestone fell below the water table Rainwater mixed with carbon dioxide, forming a weak carbonic acid that slowly ate away at the limestone, forming pockets. The pockets slowly enlarged forming passageways and caverns.
In the short steep drive up Williams Canyon to the cave entrance one can view several different depositions of limestone. During the Devonian period the Williams Canyon Limestone was laid down and during the Mississippian period the Leadville Limestone layer was deposited.
Cave formations
As the water table dropped within the cave system air began to fill the passageways and caverns. Stalactites formed on the cave's ceilings as calcium carbonate-rich water dripped leaving thin calcite rings that grew into icicle-like shapes over thousands of years. Through the same process stalagmites grew from the cave floors. A third type of structure is called flowstone. Flowstone formations are curtain-like formations that flow along the sides of caverns or passages. They are the most common formation found in "solution caves" in limestone, such as Cave of the Winds. Sometimes called draperies or curtains, they are formed over thousands of years as the mineral-rich water flows over surfaces leaving calcite behind.
The rarest and most delicate formations are called helictites. Helictite forms have been described in several shapes: "hands", ribbon helictites, saws, rods, butterflies, curly-fries, and "clumps of worms". They can be easily broken by the slightest touch and consequently are set away from tour groups. As helictites grow, they change their axis from the vertical at one or more stages of growth, hence the "clumps of worms" description for one type. Several theories as to how and why they defy gravity have been suggested but no theory has yet been proven to be correct.
In popular culture
The cave is a setting for a 2006 episode of the animated television series South Park, entitled "ManBearPig".
References
External links
Manitou Springs, Colorado
Caves of Colorado
Landmarks in Colorado
Limestone caves
Show caves in the United States
Tourist attractions in El Paso County, Colorado
Landforms of El Paso County, Colorado |
Nash Turner (1881–1937) was an American Hall of Fame jockey who competed in Thoroughbred horse racing in the United States and France.
A native of Texas, Nash Turner began his professional riding career in 1895 and by 1900 was one of the top ten jockeys in the United States. Although he is best remembered as the jockey of the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame filly, Imp, Nash Turner rode Ildrim to victory in the 1900 Belmont Stakes and captured the first two runnings of the Saratoga Special.
In France
Nash Turner moved to race in France at the invitation of friend and Thoroughbred owner/trainer Eugene Leigh for whom he had won numerous races in the United States including the Belmont Stakes. Once there, Turner chose to make it his permanent home.
In 1905, Nash Turner had his best year as a jockey in France when he won two of the French Classic Races. In May 1905, for owner Michel Ephrussi, Turner won the Prix du Jockey Club with Finasseur and followed this up with another win on the colt in France's most important race at the time, the Grand Prix de Paris. The following year he won his third Classic race, capturing the Prix de Diane aboard the filly Flying Star. He finished the year as the 11th-leading rider in France.
Nash Turner's last year of riding was in 1914 after which he turned to training horses for himself and others. He died in France in 1937.
On its formation in 1955, Nash Turner was part of the inaugural class of inductees in the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.
References
1881 births
1937 deaths
American jockeys
French jockeys
French horse trainers
United States Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees
People from Texas |
Willie McSporran MBE former chair of the Hebridean Isle of Gigha's Heritage Trust. In 2002 the trust raised £4 million for the purchase of the island, which is now managed by its 160-strong population.
His brother is Seamus McSporran.
External links
BBC coverage
Communitytrust.org
CFDG.org
PSC.gov
Living people
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Scottish businesspeople
Year of birth missing (living people)
Isle of Gigha |
The Party of Rebirth and Conciliation of Moldova (, PRCM) was a political party in Moldova.
History
The PRCM was established in 1995 by former members of the Democratic Agrarian Party of Moldova (PDAM), who had been encouraged to break away from the party by President Mircea Snegur. Snegur was the party's candidate for the 1996 presidential elections. Although he received the most votes in the first round, he was defeated by independent candidate Petru Lucinschi in the run-off.
Prior to the 1998 elections the party joined the Democratic Convention of Moldova alliance (CDM), forming the core of the alliance. The CDM finished second, winning 26 of the 101 seats. Together with the other non-Communist parties, it established the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR), which was able to form a government.
The party ran alone in the 2001 elections. Despite receiving 5.8% of the vote and finishing in fourth place, it failed to win a seat. The following year the PRCM merged with the For Order and Justice Social-Political Movement, the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the National Christian Democratic Peasants Party of Moldova to form the Liberal Party. In 2003, the Liberal Party merged into the Our Moldova Alliance (AMN).
References
Defunct political parties in Moldova
Political parties established in 1995
Political parties disestablished in 2001 |
Adam Hamilton (20 August 1880 – 29 April 1952) was a New Zealand politician. He was the first non-interim Leader of the National Party during its early years in Opposition.
Early life
Hamilton was born in Forest Hill, near Winton, Southland. He originally trained to become a Presbyterian minister, but later decided not to pursue this course. He married Mary Ann McDonald in 1913, and in 1914, he and his brother John Ronald Hamilton started a grain business in Winton. In World War I, he was rejected for service on medical grounds.
Member of Parliament
In the 1919 election, Hamilton was elected to Parliament in the Southland seat of Wallace, standing as a Reform Party candidate. His brother John Ronald Hamilton was also elected, winning the neighbouring seat of Awarua from Joseph Ward. The brothers then sold their business, although Adam Hamilton remained active in the Southland agricultural sector. In the 1922 election, the brothers were both defeated, but they regained their seats in the 1925 election. Adam Hamilton retained his seat until his retirement, although his brother was defeated again in 1928.
When the Reform Party formed a coalition with the United Party, Hamilton was made Minister of Internal Affairs. He also served, at various times, as Minister of Telegraphs, Postmaster General, Minister of Labour, and Minister of Employment. He was not popular in these roles. The Great Depression had resulted in high levels of unemployment, and Hamilton was often criticised for the government's failure to improve the situation. He was also criticised when the Post and Telegraph Department jammed a broadcast that was expected to be pro-Labour by a private radio station by Colin Scrimgeour just before the 1935 general election. Hamilton denied knowledge of the jamming, but his reputation was nevertheless damaged.
In 1935, Hamilton was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal. Having served as a member of the Executive Council for more than three years, Hamilton was granted the retention of the title of "Honourable" following the 1935 election.
Party leader
In 1936, after losing power to the Labour Party, Reform and United agreed to merge, creating the National Party. Despite his somewhat tarnished public image, Hamilton was selected to lead the new party and toomo over from interim leader George Forbes. Hamilton was essentially a compromise candidate. Forbes and his main opponent, Gordon Coates, refused to serve under each other, and the Coates faction backed Hamilton as an acceptable alternative.
George Forbes himself is believed to have preferred Charles Wilkinson, but Coates, formerly the leader of Reform, was determined to have a fellow Reformist as leader. Hamilton was duly elected although only by one vote.
Given the narrowness of his victory, many did not see Hamilton as the National Party's real leader. He was frequently accused by being a puppet of Coates, with suggestions even being made that Hamilton was merely holding the position until Coates built up the strength to take it himself. Hamilton was not particularly charismatic and did not inspire great loyalty from his colleagues. He was also closely associated in the public mind with the Depression era.
In the 1938 election, Hamilton and the National Party were harshly critical of the Labour government and accused it of promoting communism and undermining the British Empire. The campaign was seen by many as alarmist and negative, and Hamilton's own performance was widely censured. On election day, National was heavily defeated.
The National Party's defeat weakened Hamilton's grasp on the leadership somewhat, but any debate as to his future was cut short by the onset of World War II.
In 1940, Hamilton suggested that Labour and National should form a wartime coalition, but that was rejected by the Labour leader, Peter Fraser, who, however, agreed to establish a six-person "War Cabinet". This cabinet would control New Zealand's military endeavours and leave domestic concerns to the regular cabinet. The War Cabinet would consist of four Labour MPs and two National MPs. Hamilton and Coates were National's two representatives. Participation in the War Cabinet was fatally damaging to Hamilton's leadership of the National Party, however, as many National MPs argued that he could not be party leader while he served on a Labour-led council. On 25 November, a vote of 13 to 8 replaced Hamilton with Sidney Holland.
Later career
Hamilton remained a part of the War Cabinet and was eventually joined by Holland despite the original claims that a National Party leader could not be in it. In 1942, however, National withdrew from all co-operation with the Labour Party. Hamilton, along with Coates, protested that move and ceased attending National caucus meetings. Both Hamilton and Coates then rejoined the war administration despite condemnation from their party colleagues.
Eventually, Hamilton managed to bring about a rapprochement with the National Party, unlike Coates, who became an independent. Hamilton contested the 1943 election as a National candidate. He did not seek re-election in the 1946 election and chose to retire from politics.
Hamilton died in Invercargill on 29 April 1952 and is buried at Winton Cemetery.
See also
Electoral history of Adam Hamilton
References
Further reading
|-
|-
|-
1880 births
1952 deaths
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand National Party leaders
New Zealand Presbyterians
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
People from Southland, New Zealand
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1922 New Zealand general election |
Satyapal (11 May 1885 — 18 April 1954) was a physician and political leader in Punjab, British India, who was arrested along with Saifuddin Kitchlew on 10 April 1919, three days before the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Early life
Satyapal was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he was a friend of Jawaharlal Nehru. On 17 September 1915, during the First World War, he received a temporary King's Commission as a lieutenant in the Indian Medical Service, serving with distinction. For unspecified reasons, he relinquished his commission with effect from 16 September 1916, and upon return to India and following the Rowlatt Act he became active in the movement of non-cooperation and non-violent resistance to British rule.
He was married to Gian Devi and had a successful practice in the old part of the city of Amritsar.
Arrest
On the orders of Michael O’Dwyer the CID had kept close surveillance on Kitchlew and Satypal from mid-March 1919. Again, following the orders of O'Dwyer, they were summoned to Miles Irving, the Deputy Commissioner's house in the Civil Lines on 10 April 1919. Satypal recalled "I did not at all attach much importance to the matter and went about my daily rounds as usual", not having thought of it as great importance. They were both already barred from political activities and attended that day with their friends Hans Raj and Jai Ram Singh. Kitchlew arrived shortly before Satypal and after a few minutes of waiting, were called in and given The Defence of India Orders with the request for both to leave Amritsar immediately. Miles Irving recounted the secret nature of the operation as he "decided that they would be 30 miles on their way to Dharamsala before any one knew about it". After being given permission to write to their families, Satyapal and Kitchlew were escorted by four soldiers disguised in hunting gear. Hans Raj and Jai Ram Singh were kept waiting on Irving's veranda in case the news of the arrest spread before Kitchlew and Satypal were far away enough. They waited an hour before Irving passed to them the letters to their families. Satypal recounted "there was a military escort with guns in each car" and "the cars were driven at high speed and we did not halt till we got to the Nurpur Dak Bungalow", which was 50 miles away from Amritsar. They reached Dharamasala, at the foot of the Himalayas, at 8 pm that evening, and were kept under house arrest.
As the news of the arrest spread, supporters began to gather near Irving's home and what initially appeared a peaceful attempt to make enquiries ended up in a violent clash. On 13 April 1919, protesting over the arrest, a meeting was called to take place at Jallianwala Bagh.
In June 1919 at the trial of the 'Amritsar conspiracy case at Lahore', Satyapal was convicted with 14 others and sentenced to two years imprisonment, following the statement of Hans Raj, who attended the trial as an approver.
Later life
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Satyapal rejoined the Indian Medical Service, receiving an emergency commission as a captain on 8 December 1941 (with ante-date seniority from 8 December 1936). After Indian independence, he remained active in politics and in 1952 was successful in contesting the elections to the Punjab Vidhan Sabha. He died at Shimla in Himachal Pradesh on 18 April 1954.
References
Citations
Goyal, Shailja, Dr. Satyapal, the hero of freedom movement in the Punjab. PBG Publications (2004)
Anand, Anita. (2019) The Patient Assassin: A true tale of massacre, revenge, and India's quest for independence. New York: Scribner.
Wagner, Kim A. (2019) Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Further reading
Open Rebellion in the Punjab: (with Special Reference to Amritsar). Kapil Deva Malaviya. Abhudaya Press, 1919
M. K. Gandhi, Non-Violent Resistance Dover Publications (2001)
M. K. Gandhi Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Dover Publications (1985).
Punjabi Hindus
Punjabi people
Indian independence activists from Punjab, India
Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India
Politicians from Amritsar
20th-century Indian medical doctors
Indian Medical Service officers
British Indian Army officers
Indian Army personnel of World War II
1885 births
Year of death missing |
Breathing Fire is a 1991 martial arts film.
"Breathing Fire", song by Fu Manchu from King of The Road 2000
"Breathing Fire", song by Tarot from To Live Again and Follow Me into Madness
"Breathing Fire", song by Anne-Marie from Speak Your Mind
See also
Fire breathing (disambiguation) |
John Stuart Archer (15 June 1943 – 9 December 2007) was Vice-Chancellor and Principal of Heriot-Watt University from 1997 to 2006.
Life
Archer was born in London on 15 June 1943 and went to Chiswick County Grammar School. He obtained a BSc in Industrial Chemistry from City University London in 1965 and a PhD from Imperial College London. In 1969 he emigrated to Canada with his wife Lesley and got a job as a Petroleum Engineer. He returned to the UK in 1973, and worked in the European gas fields.
He entered academia as a Reader in Petroleum Engineering at Imperial College in 1980, becoming a Professor in 1986, then head of the Department of Mineral Resources Engineering in 1987. After further senior positions at Imperial College, including two years as Dean of the Royal School of Mines in 1989–91, he joined Heriot-Watt University in 1997 as Vice-Chancellor and Principal, until his retirement in July 2006. He died 9 December 2007 of cancer, survived by his wife and their son and daughter.
Honours and professional affiliations
Archer was appointed a CBE in 2002 for services to Higher Education. He was a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He served as President of the Institution of Chemical Engineers for 2005–2006, which included responsibility for the World Congress in Chemical Engineering, held in Glasgow in 2005. He received honorary degrees from the University of Edinburgh, Imperial College, City University and Heriot-Watt University.
References
1943 births
2007 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
British chemical engineers
Engineering academics
Alumni of City, University of London
Alumni of Imperial College London
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Academics of Imperial College London
Academics of Heriot-Watt University
Deans of the Royal School of Mines |
The 2018 Men's Under 21 Australian Hockey Championships is a Field Hockey tournament being held in the New South Wales city of Sydney between 4–11 July 2018.
Competition format
The tournament is divided into two pools, Pool A and Pool B, consisting of four teams in a round robin format. At the conclusion of the pool stage, teams progress to the quarterfinals, where the winners progress to contest the medals, while the losing teams playoff for fifth to eighth place.
Teams
ACT
SA
NSW
TAS
NSW B
VIC
QLD
WA
Results
Preliminary round
Pool A
Pool B
Classification round
Quarterfinals
Fifth to eighth place classification
Crossover
Seventh and eighth place
Fifth and sixth place
First to fourth place classification
Semi-finals
Third and fourth place
Final
Statistics
Final standings
Goalscorers
References
2018
2018 in Australian field hockey
Sports competitions in Sydney |
Anthony Joe (born 2 April 1996) is an Australian badminton player. In 2016, he won the silver medal at the Oceania Championships in the mixed doubles event partnered with Joy Lai. He also won the bronze medals in the men's singles and doubles event. Joe was awarded a full blue award by the Australian National University, for his excellence and contribution to sport & recreation during the 2016 calendar year.
Achievements
Oceania Championships
Men's singles
Men's doubles
Mixed doubles
BWF International Challenge/Series
Men's doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
BWF Future Series tournament
References
External links
Living people
1996 births
Sportspeople from Canberra
Australian people of Chinese descent
Australian male badminton players
Badminton players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Australia |
The 4th constituency of Allier was a French legislative constituency in the Allier département. For the June 2012 legislative election, Allier's "entitlement" of seats was reduced from four to three. The 4th constituency was therefore abolished, its constituent cantons being included in a revised 3rd constituency.
Election results
2007
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Gérard Charasse
| style="text-align:left;" | Radical Party of the Left
| PRG
|
| 39.20%
|
| 56.54%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Claude Malhuret
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 40.25%
|
| 43.46%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Sophie Bege
| style="text-align:left;" | Democratic Movement
| MoDem
|
| 4.98%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Pascale Semet
| style="text-align:left;" | Communist
| COM
|
| 4.73%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Louis de Conde
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 4.04%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Daniel Rondepierre
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens
| VEC
|
| 2.15%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Thomas Vacheron
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 1.63%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jacques Mayadoux
| style="text-align:left;" | Movement for France
| MPF
|
| 1.15%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Albert Peyron
| style="text-align:left;" | Ecologist
| ECO
|
| 0.82%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Nadine Picouleau
| style="text-align:left;" | Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions
| CPNT
|
| 0.65%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Monique Roche
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.39%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Marc-Claude de Portebane
| style="text-align:left;" | Miscellaneous Right
| DVD
|
| 0.00%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Louis Vitti
| style="text-align:left;" | Divers
| DIV
|
| 0.00%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.64%
|
| 2.27%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 62.91%
|
| 67.17%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 37.09%
|
| 32.83%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | PRG HOLD
|}
Sources
Official results of French elections from 1998:
Defunct French legislative constituencies
Allier |
Fatima El Jazouli is a Moroccan former footballer. She has been a member of the Morocco women's national team.
International career
El Jazouli capped for Morocco at senior level during the 2000 African Women's Championship and the 2002 African Women's Championship qualification.
See also
List of Morocco women's international footballers
References
External links
Living people
People from Agadir
Moroccan women's footballers
Morocco women's international footballers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women's association football players not categorized by position |
Raphitoma andrehoaraui is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 9.3 mm.
Distribution
This marine species was found off France in the Mediterranean Sea.
References
Pelorce J. & Horst D. (2020). Raphitoma echinata (Brocchi, 1814) et Raphitoma echinata sensu auctores sur la côte méditerranéenne du département des Alpes-Maritimes (France). Xenophora Taxonomy. 28: 28-35.
andrehoaraui
Gastropods described in 2020 |
Arataki Visitor Centre is a tourism and education centre in West Auckland, New Zealand, often described as the gateway to the Waitākere Ranges. The centre provides information about the Waitākere Ranges, and organises educational events.
History
The Arataki Nature Trail, located near the site of the visitor centre, was first opened in 1974. The name Arataki is a Māori language word, meaning an "instructional path".
The visitor centre was opened in 1994, with a design by Harry Turbott. The carved pou at the entrance of the centre depicts the ancestors of Te Kawerau ā Maki, including Tiriwā (the namesake of the Waitākere Ranges name in Māori, Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa), followed by Rakatāura / Hape (tohunga of the Tainui), Hoturoa, Maki (the namesake ancestor of Te Kawerau ā Maki) and his son and grandson. The pou was removed in 2009 due to damage to the wood, and was replaced with a new pou constructed from fallen kauri from the Waitākere Ranges.
In late 2017, Te Kawerau ā Maki placed a rāhui on the tracks of the Waitākere Ranges, due to the effects of Kauri dieback on the forest, followed by a formal closure of the tracks by Auckland Council in April 2018. The upper Arataki Nature Trail was one of the first tracks to reopen after track upgrades, in May 2018.
Facility
The Arataki Visitor Centre is the start point for the Hillary Trail, a multi-day walk through the Waitākere Ranges to Muriwai which opened in January 2010. As of 2023, the full track remains closed due to the effects of Kauri dieback.
The visitor centre is also used as a gallery space, such as for nature photography, and fibre installations by New Zealand weaver Maureen Lander.
References
External links
Official Facebook page
1994 establishments in New Zealand
1990s architecture in New Zealand
Buildings and structures in Auckland
Te Kawerau ā Maki
Waitākere Ranges Local Board Area
West Auckland, New Zealand
Event venues in New Zealand
Nature centers
Tourist attractions in Auckland |
(known as EarthBound outside Japan) is a video game series that consists of three role-playing video games: Mother (1989), known as EarthBound Beginnings outside Japan, for the Family Computer; Mother 2 (1994), known as EarthBound outside Japan, for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System; and Mother 3 (2006) for the Game Boy Advance.
Written by Shigesato Itoi, published by Nintendo, and featuring game mechanics modeled on the Dragon Quest series, Mother is known for its sense of humor, originality, and parody. The player uses weapons and psychic powers to fight hostile enemies, which include animated everyday objects, aliens and brainwashed people. Signature elements of the series include a lighthearted approach to the plot, battle sequences with psychedelic backgrounds, and the "rolling HP meter": player health ticks down like an odometer rather than instantly being subtracted, allowing the player to take preventative action, such as healing or finishing the battle, before the damage is fully dealt. While the franchise is popular in Japan, in the Anglosphere it is best associated with the cult following behind EarthBound.
While visiting Nintendo for other business, Itoi approached Shigeru Miyamoto about making Mother. When approved for a sequel, Itoi increased his involvement in the design process over the five-year development of EarthBound. When the project began to flounder, producer and later Nintendo president Satoru Iwata rescued the game. EarthBound English localizers were given great liberties when translating the Japanese game's cultural allusions. The American version sold poorly despite a multimillion-dollar marketing budget. Mother 3 was originally slated for release on the Nintendo 64 and its 64DD disk drive accessory, but was cancelled in 2000. Three years later, the project was reannounced for the Game Boy Advance alongside a rerelease of Mother and Mother 2 in the combined cartridge Mother 1 + 2. Mother 3 abandoned the 3D graphics progress for a 2D style, and became a bestseller upon its release. EarthBound was rereleased for the Wii U Virtual Console in 2013, and Mother received its English-language debut for the same platform in 2015, retitled EarthBound Beginnings. In 2022, Nintendo released Mother 1 and 2 to their Nintendo Switch Online service.
EarthBound is widely regarded as a video game classic, and is included in multiple top-ten lists. In absence of continued official support for the series, members of the EarthBound fan community organized online to advocate for further series releases through petitions and fan art. Their projects include a full fan translation of Mother 3, a full-length documentary, and a fangame sequel-turned-spiritual successor called Oddity. Ness, the protagonist of EarthBound, received exposure from his inclusion in all five entries of the Super Smash Bros. series. Other Mother series locations and characters have made appearances in the fighting games.
Gameplay
The series is known for its combination of humorous and emotionally evocative tones. Itoi wanted to tell Mother 3 through a technique that swapped the active player-character, which he first attempted in EarthBound. The two games also share similar visual styles, both with psychedelic battle backgrounds and cartoonish art. While Mother 3 music is both similar in tone to its predecessors and completely new, it features similar sound effects. EarthBound characters such as Mr. Saturn recur, and RPGamer wrote that Mother 3 final chapter is "full of blatant links" between the games of the series. Mother also shares similarities with its sequel, such as the game save option through phoning Ninten's father, an option to store items with Ninten's sister at home, and an automated teller machine for banking money. Additionally, the members of the party follow behind the protagonist on the overworld screen in the first two games. Ninten's party members in Mother are analogous to those of EarthBound in style and function.
While Mother battles were triggered through random encounters, EarthBound and early Mother 3 shared battle scene triggers, where physical contact with an enemy in the overworld began a turn-based battle scene shown in the first-person. Apart from Mother 3 rhythm and combo battle mechanic, the two game's battle systems are similar. Mother 3 also retains the "rolling HP meter" of EarthBound (where health ticks down like an odometer such that players can outrun the meter to heal before dying/fainting) but removes the feature where experience is automatically awarded before battles against much weaker foes. Recurring through the series is its signature "SMAAAASH" text and sound, which show when the player registers a critical hit.
Some characters are present in multiple entries of the series, such as Giygas, Mr. Saturn, and Pokey/Porky. Giygas is the primary antagonist in both Mother and EarthBound. The alien creature's emotional complexity deviates from genre norms. Giygas shows internal conflict in Mother and has no appearance but as an "indescribable" force in EarthBound final boss battle. In both final battles, Giygas is defeated through love and prayer instead of through a tour de force of weaponry, unlike the endings of other period games. Nadia Oxford wrote for IGN that nearly two decades later, EarthBound final fight against Giygas continues to be "one of the most epic video game standoffs of all time" with noted emotional impact. This battle's dialogue was based on Itoi's recollections of a traumatic scene from the Shintoho film The Military Policeman and the Dismembered Beauty that he had accidentally seen in his childhood. Oxford wrote for 1UP.com that Itoi intended to show the alien's yearning for love in "a manner ... beyond human understanding". Despite EarthBound and Mother 3 dissimilar settings, the Mr. Saturn fictional species appear in similar Saturn Valleys in both games. The Mr. Saturn look like an old man's head with feet, a large nose, and bald except for a single hair with a bow. Though they are a technologically advanced and peaceful species with a pureness of heart, they are under constant attacks from encroaching enemies. Nadia and David Oxford of 1UP.com considered the Mr. Saturn to be aliens despite their human-like and fleshy appearance, as described a piece arguing the central theme of aliens in the Mother series. They compared the Mr. Saturn to Kurt Vonnegut's Tralfamadorian alien species. Finally, Pokey begins as Ness's child neighbor who "cowers" and "refuses to fight" in EarthBound, but grows into a "vicious control freak with no regard for human life", Porky, by the end of the series' Mother 3.
Music
The soundtracks for Mother and EarthBound were composed by Keiichi Suzuki and Hirokazu Tanaka. The Mother soundtrack was likened by RPGFan reviewer Patrick Gann to compositions by the Beatles and for children's television shows. He found the lyrics "cheesy and trite" but appreciated the "simple statements" in "Eight Melodies" and the "quirky and wonderful" "Magicant". The Mother soundtrack contains several tracks later used in subsequent series games. When Suzuki and Tanaka were unavailable to commit to Mother 3 soundtrack, Itoi chose Shogo Sakai for his experience with and understanding of the series. Sakai worked to make the music feel similar to previous entries in the series. Kyle Miller of RPGFan wrote that the game retained the quirkiness of the previous soundtracks in the series despite the change in composers. He felt that the second half of the album, which included reinterpreted "classics" from the series, to be its strongest. RPGamer's Jordan Jackson too found that the music was "just as catchy as previous games" despite being "almost completely new". Luke Plunkett of Kotaku credited Suzuki's background outside of games composition as a rock star and film scorer for making the music of Mother and EarthBound "so distinct and memorable" as "a synthesized tribute to 20th-century pop music".
Development
Mother
While visiting Nintendo for other work, celebrity copywriter Shigesato Itoi pitched to the company's lead designer, Shigeru Miyamoto, his idea for a role-playing game set in modern times. The contemporary setting worked against role-playing genre norms, and while Miyamoto liked the idea, he was hesitant until Itoi could show full commitment to the project. Itoi reduced his workload, formed a team, and began development in Ichikawa, Chiba. Nintendo tried to accommodate Itoi's ideal work environment to feel more like an extracurricular club of volunteers. Itoi wrote the game's script. The game, titled Mother, was developed by Ape, published by Nintendo, and released in Japan on July 27, 1989, for the Famicom (known as the Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan). The game was slated for an English-language localization as Earth Bound, but was abandoned when the team chose to localize Mother 2 instead. Years later, the complete localization was recovered by the public and distributed on the Internet, where it became known as EarthBound Zero. Mother received its English language debut in June 2015 as EarthBound Beginnings for the Wii U Virtual Console.
Mother is a single-player role-playing video game set in a "slightly offbeat", late 20th-century United States (as interpreted by Itoi). Unlike its Japanese role-playing game contemporaries, Mother is not set in a fantasy genre. The player fights in warehouses and laboratories instead of in dungeons and similar fantasy settings, and battles are fought with baseball bats and psychic abilities instead of swords and magic. Mother follows the young Ninten as he uses psychic powers to fight hostile, formerly inanimate objects and other enemies. The game uses random encounters to enter a menu-based, first-person perspective battle system.
EarthBound
Mother 2 was made with a development team different from that of the original game, and most of its members were unmarried and willing to work through nights on the project. Itoi again wrote the game's script and served as a designer. The game's five-year development exceeded time estimates and came under repeated threat of cancellation. It was in dire straits until producer Satoru Iwata joined the team. Mother 2 was developed by Ape and HAL, published by Nintendo, and released in Japan's Super Famicom on August 27, 1994. The game was translated into English for North American audiences whereupon it became the only Mother series game to be released in North America until the later localization of Mother as EarthBound Beginnings. The localizers were given liberties to translate the Japanese script's cultural allusions to Western audiences as they pleased, and symbolism was also modified between the versions to adapt to Western sensitivities. To avoid confusion about the series' numbering, its English title was changed to EarthBound, and was released on June 5, 1995, for the North American Super Nintendo Entertainment System.
Though Nintendo spent about $2 million on marketing, the American release was ultimately viewed as unsuccessful within Nintendo. EarthBound was released when role-playing games were not popular in the United States, and visual taste in role-playing games was closer to Chrono Trigger and Final Fantasy VI. EarthBounds atypical "this game stinks" marketing campaign was derived from the game's unusual humor and included foul-smelling scratch and sniff advertisements. 1UP.com called the campaign "infamously ill-conceived". Between the poor sales and the dwindling support for the Super NES, the game did not receive a European release.
The Mother series titles are built on what Itoi considered "reckless wildness", where he would offer ideas that encouraged his staff to contribute new ways of portraying scenes in the video game medium. He saw the titles foremost as games and not "big scenario scripts". Itoi has said that he wanted the player feel emotions such as "distraught" when playing the game. The game's writing was intentionally "quirky and goofy" in character, and written in the Japanese kana script so as to give dialogue a conversational feel. Itoi thought of the default player-character names when he did not like his team's suggestions. Many of the characters were based on real-life personalities. Itoi sought to make the game appeal to populations that played games less, such as girls.
Earthbound's story is a continuation of Mother's, featuring many of the same antagonists and monsters. By default, the player starts as a young boy named Ness, who finds that the alien force Giygas ( ) has enveloped the world in hatred and consequently turned animals, humans, and objects into malicious creatures. Buzz Buzz, a bee from the future, instructs Ness to collect melodies in a Sound Stone to preemptively stop the force. While visiting the eight Sanctuaries where the melodies are held, Ness meets three other kids named Paula, Jeff, and Poo—"a psychic girl, an eccentric inventor, and a ponytailed martial artist", respectively—who join his party. Along the way, Ness encounters the cultists of Happy Happy Village, the zombie-infested Threed, the Winters boarding school, and the kingdom of Dalaam. When the Sound Stone is filled, Ness visits Magicant alone, a surreal location in his mind where he fights his dark side. Upon returning to Eagleland, he prepares to travel back in time to fight a young Giygas, a battle known for its "feeling of isolation, ... incomprehensible attacks, ... buzzing static" and reliance on prayer.
EarthBound plays as a Japanese role-playing game modeled on Dragon Quest. The game is characterized by its contemporary, satirical Western world setting and its unconventional characters, enemies, and humor. Examples of the game's humor include untraditional enemies such as "New Age Retro Hippie" and "Unassuming Local Guy", snide dialogue, frequent puns, and fourth wall-breaking. The game also plays self-aware pranks on the player, such as the existence of the useless ruler and protractor items that players and enemies can unsuccessfully try to use nonetheless.
Mother 3
In 1996, Mother 3 (EarthBound 64 in North America), was announced. It was slated for release on the 64DD, a disk drive expansion peripheral for the Nintendo 64. Itoi's expansive ideas during development led the development team to question whether fans would still consider the game part of the series. The game entered development hell and struggled to find a firm release date and in 2000, despite its level of completion, was later cancelled altogether with the commercial failure of the 64DD.
The project was reannounced three years later as Mother 3 for the Game Boy Advance alongside a combined Mother 1 + 2 cartridge for the same handheld console. Itoi had been working on porting Mother and Mother 2 to the Game Boy Advance, and based on encouragement what he predicted to be further pressure, decided to release Mother 3. The new Mother 3 abandoned the Nintendo 64 version's 3D graphics, but kept its plot. The game was developed by Brownie Brown and HAL Laboratory, published by Nintendo, and released in Japan on April 20, 2006, whereupon it became a bestseller. It did not receive a North American release on the basis that it would not sell.
was released in Japan on June 20, 2003. The combined cartridge contains both Mother and EarthBound. Mother uses the extended ending of the unreleased English language prototype, but is still only presented in Japanese.
Unlike earlier games in the series, Mother 3 is presented in chapters. When the Pig Mask Army starts a forest fire and imposes police state-like conditions on a "pastoral forest village", a father, Flint, ventures out to protect his family (twin sons Lucas and Claus and wife Hinawa), but the rest of the world is eventually implicated in the plot. Lucas, the game's hero, does not become prominent until the fourth chapter. Along with his dog, a neophyte thief, and a princess, Lucas fulfills a prophecy of a "chosen one" pulling Needles from the Earth to wake a sleeping dragon and determine the fate of the world. The game features a lighthearted plot, with characters such as "partying ghosts" and "talking rope snakes".
Mother 3, much like its predecessors, is a single-player role-playing video game played with two buttons: one for starting conversations and checking adjacent objects, and another for running. The game updates the turn-based Dragon Quest-style battle system with a "rhythm-action mechanic", which lets the player take additional turns to attack the enemy by chaining together up to sixteen taps in time with the background music. Apart from this, the battle system and "rolling HP meter" (where health ticks down like an odometer such that players can outrun the meter to heal before dying) are similar to EarthBound.
Future of the series
Around Mother 3 2006 release, Itoi stated that he had no plans to make Mother 4, which he has reaffirmed repeatedly. Itoi has said that, of the three, he had the strongest drive to create the first Mother video game, and that it was made for the players. He made the second game as an exploration of his personal interests, and wanted to run wild with the third. While reflecting on Mother 3 2000 cancellation, Itoi recounted the great efforts the team made to tell small parts of the story, and felt this was a core theme in the series' development.
In the absence of continued support for the series, an EarthBound fan community coalesced at Starmen.net with the intent to have Nintendo of America acknowledge their interest in Mother series. They drafted petitions for English language releases and created a full-color, 270-page anthology of fan art, Upon "little" response from Nintendo, they localized Mother 3 by themselves and printed a "professional quality strategy guide" through Fangamer, a video game merchandising site that spun off from Starmen.net. The Verge cited the effort as proof of the fan base's dedication. Other fan efforts include EarthBound, USA, a full-length documentary on Starmen.net and the fan community, and Oddity, a fan-produced sequel to the Mother series that went into production when Itoi definitively "declared" that he was done with the series.
IGN described the series as neglected by Nintendo in North America, as Mother 1, Mother 1+2, and Mother 3 were not released outside Japan. Despite this, Ness's recurrence in the Super Smash Bros. series signaled favorable odds for the future of the Mother series. IGN and Nintendo Power readers anticipated a rerelease of EarthBound on the Wii's Virtual Console upon its launch in 2006, but it did not materialize. A Japanese rerelease was announced in 2013 for the Wii U Virtual Console as part of a celebration of the anniversaries of the NES and Mother 2. North American and European releases for the same platform followed, with Nintendo president Satoru Iwata crediting fan interest on the company's Miiverse social platform. The game was a "top-seller" on the Wii U Virtual Console, and Kotaku users and first-time EarthBound players had an "overwhelmingly positive" response to the game. Simon Parkin wrote that the game's rerelease was a "momentous occasion" as the return of "one of Nintendo's few remaining lost classics" after 20 years. In an interview in late November 2015, Shigesato Itoi has once again denied plans to create a Mother 4, despite fan feedback.
Reception
In 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die, Christian Donlan wrote that the Mother series is a "massive RPG franchise" in Japan comparable to that of Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest, though it does not enjoy the same popularity in the West. IGN described the series as neglected by Nintendo in North America, which only received one of the three Mother releases. Donlan added that the series' oddities did not lend towards Western popularity. RPGamer's Jordan Jackson noted that the series is "known for its wacky sense of humor, originality, and its very young protagonists", and Kotaku Luke Plunkett said that the games were distinct from all other video games in that they stirred "genuine emotion in players beyond ... 'excited' and 'afraid with a "charming", "touching", and "tragic" story, which he credited to its creators' pedigrees from outside the video game industry.
Mother was the sixth best-selling game of 1989 in Japan, where it sold about 400,000 copies. It received a "Silver Hall of Fame" score of 31/40 from Japanese magazine Famitsu. Critics noted the game's similarities with the Dragon Quest series and its simultaneous "parody" of the genre's tropes. They thought the game's sequel, EarthBound, to be very similar and a better implementation of Mother gameplay ideas, overall. Reviewers also noted the game's high difficulty level and balance issues. USgamer Jeremy Parish said that Mother script was "as sharp as EarthBound", but felt that the original's game mechanics were subpar, lacking the "rolling HP counter" and non-random encounters for which later entries in the series were known. Parish wrote earlier for 1UP.com that in comparison to EarthBound, Mother is "worse in just about every way", and important less for its actual game and more for the interest it generated in video game emulation and the preservation of unreleased games.
EarthBound sold about 440,000 copies worldwide, with approximately 300,000 sold in Japan and about 140,000 in the United States. It originally received little critical praise from the American press, and sold poorly in the United States: around 140,000 copies, as compared to twice as many in Japan. Kotaku described EarthBound 1995 American release as "a dud" and blamed the low sales on "a bizarre marketing campaign" and graphics "cartoonish" beyond the average taste of players. Multiple reviewers described the game as "original" or "unique" and praised its script's range of emotions, humor, cheery and charming ambiance, and "real world" setting, which was seen as an uncommon choice. Since its release, the game's English localization has found praise, and later reviewers reported that the game had aged well.
Prior to its release, Mother 3 was in the "top five most wanted games" of Famitsu and at the top of the Japanese preordered game charts. It sold around 200,000 units in its first week of sales in Japan, and was one of Japan's top 20 bestselling games for the first half of 2006. In comparison, the 2003 Mother 1 + 2 rerelease sold around 278,000 copies in Japan in its first year, and a reissue "value selection" of the cartridge sold 106,000 copies in Japan in 2006. Mother 3 received a "Platinum Hall of Fame" score of 35/40 from Famitsu. Reviewers praised its story (even though the game was only available in Japanese) and graphics, and lamented its 1990s role-playing game mechanics. Critics also complimented its music. Jackson said that the game was somewhat easier than the rest of the series and somewhat shorter in length.
Legacy
The series has a legacy as both "one of Japan's most beloved" and the video game cognoscenti's "sacred cow", and is known for its long-lasting, resilient fan community. At one point leading up to Mother 3 release, the series' "Love Theme" played as music on hold for the Japan Post. Similarly, the Eight Melodies theme used throughout the series has been incorporated into Japanese elementary school music classrooms. Donlan of 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die wrote that EarthBound is "name-checked by the video gaming cognoscenti more often than it's actually been played".
Critics consider EarthBound a "classic" or "must-play" among video games. The game was included in multiple top 50 games of all time lists, including that of Famitsu readers in 2006 and IGN readers in 2005 and 2006. IGN ranks the game 13th in its top 100 SNES games and 26th among all games for its in-game world, which was "distinct and unforgettable" for its take on Americanism, unconventional settings, and 1960s music. And Gamasutra named it one of its 20 "essential" Japanese role-playing games. The rerelease was Justin Haywald of GameSpot game of the year, and Nintendo Life Virtual Console game of the year. GameZone said it "would be a great disservice" to merely call EarthBound "a gem". In the United Kingdom, where EarthBound had been previously unreleased, GamesTM noted how it had been "anecdotally heralded as a retro classic". IGN's Scott Thompson said the game was "the true definition of a classic". Kotaku wrote that the game was content to make the player "feel lonely", and, overall, was special not for any individual aspect but for its method of using the video game medium to explore ideas impossible to explore in other media.
Multiple critics wrote that Mother 3 was one of the best role-playing games for the Game Boy Advance. GamePro Jeremy Signor listed it among his "best unreleased Japanese role-playing games" for its script and attention to detail. Video game journalist Tim Rogers posited that Mother 3 was "the closest games have yet come to literature". There are no plans for an official Mother 4.
The series, and specifically EarthBound, is known for having a cult following that developed over time well after its release. Colin Campbell of Polygon wrote that "few gaming communities are as passionate and active" as EarthBound, and 1UP.com Bob Mackey wrote that no game was as poised to have a cult following. Starmen.net hosted a Mother 25th Anniversary Fanfest in 2014 with a livestream of the game and plans for a remixed soundtrack. Later that year, fans released a 25th Anniversary Edition ROM hack that updated the game's graphics, script, and gameplay balance. The Verge cited the two-year-long Mother 3 fan translation as proof of the fan base's dedication, and Jenni Lada of TechnologyTell called it "undoubtably one of the best known fan translations in existence", with active retranslations into other languages. Frank Caron of Ars Technica said that the fan translation's "massive undertaking ... stands as a massive success", and that "one cannot even begin to fathom" why Nintendo would not release their own English localization.
Super Smash Bros.
EarthBound Ness became widely known due to his later appearance in the Super Smash Bros. series. He appeared in the original Super Smash Bros. and its sequels: Melee, Brawl, 3DS/Wii U, and Ultimate. In Europe, which did not see an original EarthBound release, Ness is better known for his role in the fighting game than for his original role in the role-playing game. He returned in the 2001 Melee with EarthBound Mr. Saturn, which could be thrown at enemies and otherwise pushes items off the battlefield. Melee has an unlockable Fourside level based on the EarthBound location.
When Melee was in development, Ness was not supposed to return as a playable character and would have been replaced by Lucas, the main character of Mother 3. However, Mother 3 original Nintendo 64 release was cancelled, though it was later successfully revived as a project for the Game Boy Advance. As a result, Ness was featured in Melee instead of Lucas.
Ness was later joined by Mother 3 Lucas in Brawl, and both characters returned in 3DS/Wii U and Ultimate. Players can fight in the 3DS Magicant stage, which features clips from the Mother series in its background.
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Official Mother website
Official Mother 2 website
Official Mother 3 website
Nintendo franchises
Video games about magic
Video games about psychic powers
Video games about shapeshifting
Video game franchises introduced in 1989 |
Tarzan and the Huntress is a 1947 American adventure film starring Johnny Weissmuller in his eleventh outing as Tarzan. Brenda Joyce makes the third of five appearances as Jane and Johnny Sheffield marks his eighth and final appearance as Boy. Patricia Morison and Barton MacLane co-star. The film was produced by Sol Lesser and Kurt Neumann, written by Jerry Gruskin and Rowland Leigh (based on characters created by Edgar Rice Burroughs) and directed by Kurt Neumann. It was released on April 5, 1947.
Plot
Due to a shortage of animals in American zoos following World War II, Tanya Rawlins (Patricia Morison), a big-game "huntress," Carl Marley (John Warburton), her financial backer and Paul Weir (Barton MacLane), a cruel trail boss, are given permission by King Farrod (Charles Trowbridge), to capture a male and female of each species of animal on his land.
In a subplot, Oziri (Ted Hecht), nephew to King Farrod, colludes with Weir to allow him to trap more animals than bargained for. He also has Weir's men kill King Farrod and his son, Prince Suli (Maurice Tauzin), in order for him to take over the throne. Farrod is shot in the back and killed, and Suli is thrown into a pit full of crocodiles, but, unknown to all watching, he lands on a hidden ledge and is knocked unconscious.
Boy (Johnny Sheffield) trades two lion cubs to the trappers for a flashlight. When Tarzan (Johnny Weissmuller) finds out, he returns the flashlight, retrieves the cubs, and calls all the animals from King Farrod's land across the river to his part of the jungle. When the hunters begin trapping on his side of the river, Tarzan and Boy sneak into their camp at night, take their guns and hide them in a cave behind a waterfall. They then begin to systematically release all the trapped animals from their cages.
Cheeta inadvertently reveals the location of the cache of weapons to Rawlins and her safari.
Prince Suli is able to make his way through the jungle, and is found by Tarzan. Tarzan, Boy and a herd of elephants defeat both the usurping nephew and the huntress, but the latter escapes on board a plane.
Selected cast
Johnny Weissmuller as Tarzan
Brenda Joyce as Jane
Johnny Sheffield as Boy
Patricia Morison as Tanya Rawlins, unscrupulous big game huntress
Barton MacLane as Paul Weir, villainous trail boss
John Warburton as Carl Marley, backer of Rawlins' expedition
Charles Trowbridge as King Farrod
Ted Hecht as Prince Ozira
Wallace Scott as 'Smitty' Smithers
Production notes
A character arc throughout the film is Boy's acceptance of adult responsibilities. In one line of dialogue Tarzan says, "Boy man now." Sheffield was sixteen when the film was released and producer Sol Lesser thought he had outgrown the role of a cute boy, so the character did not appear in further films.
References
Bibliography
Essoe, Gabe. Tarzan of The Movies, 1968, published by The Citadel Press.
External links
ERBzine Silver Screen: Tarzan and the Huntress
1947 films
1940s fantasy adventure films
American fantasy adventure films
American sequel films
Films directed by Kurt Neumann
Tarzan films
Films produced by Sol Lesser
American black-and-white films
Films scored by Paul Sawtell
RKO Pictures films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films |
The VanOpen, currently sponsored as Odlum Brown VanOpen, is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour, and of the ITF Women's Circuit. It is held at Hollyburn Country Club in West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The event was hosted continuously from 2002 to 2015, but returned in 2017 after a one-year hiatus.
History
The inaugural Odlum Brown VanOpen took place in the summer of 2002, in the Jericho Tennis Club, before it eventually moved to Hollyburn Country Club, in West Vancouver, for the 2005 edition. Started as a $25,000 ITF Women's Circuit event, the Van Open saw the victory of eventual world No. 1 Maria Sharapova over Laura Granville in 2002, and of then-Junior world No. 1 and French Open girls' singles champion Anna-Lena Grönefeld in 2003.
The following year, Tennis Canada and Tennis BC (tennis' governing body in British Columbia) joined to bring the event to the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour as a $110,000 Tier V event. Czech qualifier, and eventual top-ten member Nicole Vaidišová won the singles final over 2002 runner-up Laura Granville, becoming, as World No. 180, the lowest-ranked player to win a tour title during the 2004 WTA Tour season, and at 15 years, 3 months, and 23 days, the sixth youngest player to win a professional title in tour history.
While the women's event returned to its $25k format in 2005, "to help develop some of the world's best Canadian junior girls", a $100k men's Challenger event was added to the tournament, with the United States Tennis Association (USTA) and the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP Tour) joining Tennis Canada, Tennis BC and the ITF in the organisation of the Open. Israeli Dudi Sela won the inaugural men's singles event over Australian Paul Baccanello in straight sets, and American Ansley Cargill won the first of her two women's singles titles (2005, 2006).
The VanOpen continued to grow in the following editions, with the ITF event's prize money moving up to $50k in 2007, and $75k in 2009. Amongst the tournament's champions since 2005 have been, on the women's side, former junior world No. 1 Urszula Radwańska (2008 singles), Stéphanie Dubois (2007 doubles, 2009 singles), and on the men's side Rik de Voest (2006 singles, 2007 and 2009 doubles), Frédéric Niemeyer (2007 singles), Dudi Sela (2005, 2008 and 2010 singles), who claimed his second VanOpen title, and 2006 Australian Open runner-up Marcos Baghdatis (2009 singles), who won in Vancouver his first title since February 2007.
Past finals
Men's singles
Women's singles
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
References
External links
Official website
ATP Challenger Tour
ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
Tennis tournaments in Canada
Hard court tennis tournaments
Sport in Vancouver
Tennis in British Columbia
Recurring sporting events established in 2002
2002 establishments in British Columbia |
The 2013 KNSB Dutch Super Sprint Championships in speed skating were held at De Uithof The Hague at 2 February 2013. It was the 23rd edition of this championships.
The seniors and the juniors in category A skate a combination, called "pure sprint", over the distances 100m, 300m and 500m. The juniors in category B and C skate a combination, called "supersprint", over the distances 2x100m and 2x300m. The resulting times have been measured in seconds and then converted to points, using the average times on 100 meter units; thus the number of points for a 300 meters race is the time in seconds divided by three; for the 500 meters, the time in seconds is divided by five. Points are calculated to three decimal places and truncation is applied; the numbers are not rounded. All points are added up; the lower the score the better.
Medalists
References
External links
Results on www.speedskatingnews.info
KNSB Dutch Super Sprint Championships
KNSB Dutch Super Sprint Championships
2013 Super Sprint
Sports competitions in The Hague |
The grapheme Ň (minuscule: ň) is a letter in the Czech, Slovak and Turkmen alphabets. It is formed from Latin N with the addition of a caron (háček in Czech and mäkčeň in Slovak) and follows plain N in the alphabet. Ň and ň are at Unicode codepoints U+0147 and U+0148, respectively.
/ɲ/
In Czech and Slovak, ň represents , the palatal nasal, as in English canyon. Thus, it has the same function as Albanian and Serbo-Croatian nj / њ, French and Italian gn, Catalan and Hungarian ny, Polish ń, Occitan and Portuguese nh, Galician and Spanish ñ and Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian нь.
In the 19th century, it was used in Croatian for the same sound.
In Slovak, ne is pronounced ňe. In Czech, this syllable is written ně. In Czech and Slovak, ni is pronounced ňi. In Russian, Ukrainian and similar languages, soft vowels (е, и, ё, ю, я) also change previous н to нь in pronunciation.
/ŋ/
In Turkmen, ň represents the sound , the velar nasal, as in English thing. In Turkmen's Cyrillic script, this corresponds to the letter Ң ң (En with descender). In Janalif, it corresponds to the letter Ꞑ ꞑ (N with descender). In other Turkic languages with the velar nasal, it corresponds to the letter Ñ ñ (N with tilde).
It is also used in Southern Kurdish to represent the same sound.
Computing code
References
See also
Czech orthography
Czech phonology
Latin letters with diacritics |
Jack Wetter DCM (29 December 1887 – 29 July 1967) was a Welsh international rugby union player who played club rugby predominantly for Newport. He was captain for both his club and country and earned 10 caps for Wales.
Wetter's rugby career was disrupted by the outbreak of World War I, in which he served. He was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal during the conflict.
Rugby career
After playing club rugby for several lower-level teams Wetter was successful at a trial for Newport, and in 1912 he represented the team against Plymouth. Wetter stayed with the club until 1925, and in the 1922/23 season, in which Newport were unbeaten, he captained the team. He also played for two Newport teams against international opposition; the 1912 touring South Africans and the 1924 touring All Blacks.
Wetter made his debut for Wales against Scotland on 7 February 1914, in which he scored his first international try and Wales ran out winners 24–5. It was a rough game, in which, Scotland captain David Bain quoted, "The dirtier side won". Wetter would earn 10 caps in total for Wales, stretched either side of the War, and in the last three was awarded the captaincy. He scored a total of four international tries and a single conversion.
When Wetter took to the pitch for his final game for Wales in 1924, he was 36 years and one month old, the oldest Welsh player to take the position at centre. This record would stand for 77 years, until beaten by Neath's Allan Bateman.
International games played
Wales
1920, 1921
1914, 1920, 1924
1914, 1920
1924
1914, 1920
External links
International caps and honours photo of some of Wetter's international caps
Bibliography
References
1887 births
1967 deaths
Blaina RFC players
British Army personnel of World War I
Monmouthshire County RFC players
Newport RFC players
Rugby union players from Newport, Wales
Pill Harriers RFC players
Recipients of the Distinguished Conduct Medal
Wales international rugby union players
Wales rugby union captains
Welsh rugby union players
Rugby union fly-halves |
Camus, in historic literature, was a Scandinavian general dispatched to engage the Scots in battle, reportedly in the early eleventh century AD. The legendary engagement was called the Battle of Barry, and was first alluded to by Boece.
The historical nature of Camus and the Battle of Barry was called into doubt in the early nineteenth century. Evidence formerly cited for the battle included the large number of human remains found on Barry Links, where the town of Carnoustie, Angus now stands, now reinterpreted as a Pictish cemetery of earlier date. The remains of a fort near Kirkbuddo, formerly known as 'Norway Dykes', from where the Danish army are supposed to have marched is now recognised to be of Roman origin.
Boece attributed Pictish sculptured stones found throughout Angus and the surrounding area to the Danish invasions. The battle depicted on the reverse of the Aberlemno kirkyard stone was cited by tradition as a depiction of the Battle of Barry. Current thought dates this stone from the mid-8th century and it is now commonly thought to depict the Battle of Dun Nechtain in 685 AD. The Camus Cross near Monikie, 2 miles north of the supposed battle site and formerly thought to be the site of Camus' death, is now thought to be of earlier, Pictish origin.
The name 'Camus' derives from 'Camuston', the location of the Camus Cross. Local tradition claims the hill to have been named in honour of Camus, but it is found in early documents as 'Cambeston' and is thought to have a Celtic rather than Scandinavian derivation.
See also
Stone of Morphie
Line notes
References
Hector Boece. 1527. Historia Gentis Scotorum (History of the Scottish People)
John Carrie. 1881. Ancient Things in Angus: A Series of Articles on Ancient Things, Manners, and Customs, in Forfarshire, published by Thomas Buncle, 156 pages
Scottish mythology
Scandinavian Scotland
Scottish literature
11th century in Scotland |
Flatbush is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124. It is located south of Highway 44, approximately northwest of Edmonton.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Flatbush had a population of 30 living in 16 of its 19 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 45. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Flatbush had a population of 45 living in 19 of its 22 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 30. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of designated places in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
Hamlets in Alberta
Designated places in Alberta
Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124 |
The 1968 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley Arena, London, England, from 19–23 March 1968.
Final results
Muljadi was formerly known as Ang Tjin Siang. Mary O'Sullivan married and became Mary Bryan.
Men's singles
Section 1
Section 2
+ Denotes seed
Women's singles
Section 1
Section 2
References
All England Open Badminton Championships
All England
All England Open Badminton Championships in London
All England Badminton Championships
All England Badminton Championships
All England Badminton Championships |
It's War is a side project band created by Lennon Murphy and Frank Shooflar. They released their first single "Heart" in 2014.
References
Musical groups established in 2014
Rock music duos
2014 establishments in the United States |
The Manduvirá River Expeditions were the final operations of the Imperial Brazilian Navy carried out on the Paraguayan War. The goal of the imperial fleet was to carry out explorations along the river and its streams, with the aim of capturing or destroying the remaining ships of the Paraguayan armada that had taken refuge. The Brazilian fleet was composed of eighteen ships, including battleships, monitors, gunboats and steamboats while the Paraguayan fleet had about a dozen steamers. A total of three expeditions were carried out, which proved to be extremely dangerous for Brazilian ships due to the sinuosity of the river and the blockades created by the Paraguayans.
The ships encountered obstructions made of logs from the hulls of sunken ships, large piled trees, canoes, iron chains and carts loaded with stones created to delay the pursuit. Due to the narrowness of the river, ships sometimes had to turn astern, given the impossibility of turning and heading. In the second expedition, considered the most violent, the Brazilian fleet had to face a garrison of 1,100 men at Passo Guarayo, a very well fortified place. The expeditions, which began in January 1869 and ended in August of the same year, were responsible for the annihilation of the Paraguayan Navy. In the 1970s, a museum was created on the site where some ships that were recovered from Manduvirá are preserved.
Background
The Paraguayan navy had played an important role in many events during the war. With the advance of the Brazilian fleet along the Paraguay River, the fleet contributed with the transport of people and materials, as due to the withdrawal of the Fortress of Humaitá, construction of Fortín's batteries on the Tebicuary River and in the Angostura fort, in addition to supplying these positions with resources coming from Paraguay and the occupied province of Mato Grosso. However, like the army, López's navy suffered from the withdrawal of its forces, due to the great losses suffered during the five years of conflict. Since the fighting was now inland, in the region of the Cordilleras, López decided to disarm on November 28, 1868. His steamers were in a sufficient number to accommodate a small garrison to navigate the waters of the Manduvirá River. This garrison had been prepared to disembark the artillery from the unarmed ships, put them on carts and organize themselves into a battalion of 300 soldiers. The Brazilian imperial armada detached some ships and in three expeditions capture or destroy of what was left of the Paraguayan armada.
First Expedition
On November 28, the Brazilian fleet launched a final bombardment of the Paraguayan capital Asunción, destroying one of the turrets of the presidential palace and damaging several other public buildings, including the shipyard. The fleet consisted of the battleships Bahia and Tamandaré and the monitors Alagoas and Rio Grande do Sul. Taking advantage of the flood, the naval high command organized a flotilla composed of some ships that participated in the bombing and others: the battleship Bahia, as flagship, the monitors Alagoas, Ceará, Pará, Piauí, Santa Catharina and the gunboats Ivaí and Mearim, being commanded by Delfim Carlos de Carvalho, Baron of the Passagem. The Brazilian goal was to capture or destroy the small Paraguayan fleet that had taken refuge, due to such a disproportion of forces in the Manduvirá River. The expedition began at dawn on January 5, 1869, with the help of a Paraguayan pilot, a naval officer whose name was not registered. At 4:30 pm, the fleet anchored at the mouth of the Manduvirá. After quick reconnaissance of the place, it was decided that Bahia, Ivaí and Mearim had to remain there to block the exit, since they were not able to navigate the river, which was considered to be very tortuous.
Early on, the fleet encountered many difficulties. After the change of the flagship from Bahia to Santa Catharina, the ships started to go up the river on the 6th. The water course was tortuous and the monitors' difficulty in maneuvering made them crash into trees and ravines. Throughout the pursuit, the Paraguayans used various stratagems to hamper the advance of the imperial fleet, such as sinking their own ships in order to block the passage. The first sighting of the Paraguayans occurred at 14:00, with the steamer Piravevé which served as a sentry. This was one of the eight ships that formed the pursued flotilla and were crewed by around 180 men in total, under the command of Aniceto López. Faced with this first contact, commander Delfim Carlos de Carvalho ordered his fleet to full force, but it was only at 6 pm that they managed to reach the Paraguayan ships. On the Paraguayan side, the situation was extremely disadvantageous, as their vessels were not artillery and, even if they were, they were no match for the Brazilian battleship monitors, so they did not offer resistance. One of the first ships that the Imperials found sinking was a longboat with six crew members who, with a white flag extended, surrendered to the Brazilians. They reported that, on López's orders, they had been sinking ships since the morning of that day. Returning to the hunt for Paraguayan vessels, at 19:00 the Baron of Passagem ordered the interruption of the march of the monitors, as the Paraguayan ships entered an even narrower stream of Manduvirá known as the Iaguí Stream.
The next day, the Baron of Passagem decided to enter the stream. The winding and narrow stream proved to be more difficult to navigate, added to the difficulties created by the Paraguayan sailors who felled numerous large trees on the bed and logs of the sunken ships. After marching for three hours, covering a little more than 19 kilometers, the Brazilians found the Paraguayans set ashore to block navigation. This resulted in the end of the chase, after finding the obstacle insurmountable. Since the stream was too narrow for even the 36-meter-long small monitors, the fleet's return had to be made sailing astern, as turning and heading was impossible. On the way back they found the steamer Cotitey which was submerged. The monitors Ceará and Piauí expended considerable efforts in an attempt to tow the steamer, and Ceará had to relocate twice due to the difficulty of navigation. Faced with the situation, they decided to abandon the steamer and return. The flotilla reached the vessels that were blocking the mouth of the Manduvirá just at 5:30 pm on 8 January. The entire fleet started the return to Asunción and during the maneuvers Pará hit a log with her stern, breaking the rudder and had to be towed by Alagoas. The difficulty encountered in this task forced Pará to descend the river by its own means and, reaching the Paraguay River, it could be safely towed by the Ivaí to Asunción. On the 9th, at 10:30 am, all the ships of the first expedition were parked in the Paraguayan capital.
Second Expedition
Changes in the Brazilian forces as made as Squadron Chief Elisiário Antônio dos Santos replaced Joaquim José Inácio, Viscount of Inhaúma. The resumption of operations was facilitated by better weather conditions such as the constant rains which resulted in the increase in the volume of the rivers. Since the last expedition, the Manduvirá remained blocked, now by the battleship Colombo and the corvette Belmonte. For the second expedition, command of the operation was entrusted to the commander of the first division, Victório José Barbosa de Lomba; command of the flotilla was given to the commander of Columbus, Frigate Captain Jerônimo Francisco Gonçalves. The new fleet consisted of the following monitors: Santa Catarina, Piauí and Ceará, commanded by first lieutenants Antônio Severiano Nunes, Carlos Balthazar da Silveira and Antônio Machado Dutra respectively; steamboats Couto, João das Botas and Jansen Müller with the last two commanded by First Lieutenant Gregário Ferreira de Paiva and Second Lieutenant Affonso Augusto Rodrigues de Vasconcellos respectively. The fleet had several pilots such as Bernadino Gustavino, Thomaz Almuri and Araújo and a doctor, Dr. Oliveira Coutinho.
The Gonçalves flotilla began the pursuit on 18 April. In this new expedition, the ships were accompanied by Paraguayan cavalry forces. The ships took about six days to reach the village of Caraguatay; always at night when the ships anchored they were carefully watched. On this route, the Paraguayan troops did not harass them because they hoped that they could cut the fleet's rear and completely massacre the garrisons on the way back. On the 20th, a detachment under the command of Captain Fonseca Ramos, who was advancing along the river, he was surprised by three lines of Paraguayan snipers, causing the loss of four men and leaving some wounded. The detachment's mission was to prevent the column that accompanied Solano López through the mountain ranges from being resupplied by the river. The tracking of the fleet by the Paraguayans was possible due to the multiple curves that the river had, in addition to the ease of perceiving when the ships were close by the sight of the high masts and the smoke from the chimneys. According to Brazilian records, the fleet traveled around 289.68 to 337.93 km to where the Paraguayan fleet was. On the 24th, the lack of supplies began to become noticeable on the ships. This made travel even more difficult by the further distance they had traveled. Immediately, the commander ordered two launches to return to fetch provisions. Such a return was dangerous because the fleet had passed the rear of a Paraguayan camp and this represented an affliction for Commander Gonçalves, since it wasn't known whether the launches had managed to pass safely. The small boats arrived at the mouth of the Manduvirá on the 26th and, when supplied, soon set sail back upstream.
On the 25th, the Brazilian fleet was sighted from half a league away by the Paraguayan ships that were stationed in Vila de Caraguatay, but were prevented from advancing further because of the shallow waters that didn't allow even a small launch to navigate according to the Diário de Belém on June 4. Commander Gonçalves decided to advance on foot to a nearby pass where people and cattle passed, from where he could observe the masts of Paraguayan ships. They were planning an assault to destroy the vessels, but they were surrounded by a regiment of cavalry supported by an infantry. Desperate, Gonçalves and his men managed to retreat to the monitors and prepare for battle. But the Paraguayans didn't fight and remained stationary. Faced with the calm, the officers, seeing that the volume of the river continued to decrease, decided to do something unusual: When they were in the sight of the Paraguayans, they would set fire to their own ships before handing them over in the event of an attack. In this scenario, the Brazilians were at a disadvantage, as the monitors did not have the space to accommodate many troops, in addition to the low rivers that didn't allow safe navigation. The Paraguayans, on the other hand, were very well defended and had a large garrison but the reality remained that the Brazilians couldn't attack. Even so, Gonçalves ordered the fleet to remain there until the arrival of the launches that had returned to the mouth of the Manduvirá in search of provisions and thus, in a possible flood of the river, he could destroy the Paraguayan ships. This plan wasn't carried out however as, on the night of the 26th, the sound of Paraguayan axes cutting trees near the Brazilian division could be heard, in order to block the rear and the next day the commander gives orders for the fleet to retreat due to concerns about the proximity of the Paraguayans and lack of supplies since the launches had not yet arrived. Since the river was very narrow, the fleet had to return sailing astern.
On the way back, the fleet had great difficulty navigating due to the numerous cut trees thrown into the river, clogging it up. This one just wasn't completely stuck because the ships left in time and interrupted the work of cuts of the Paraguayans. According to Jourdan, the Paraguayans' intention was to waste the Brazilians time as a distraction. The logs were stacked together and tied with strong leather straps. Ceará had the task of clearing the way, carried out with a hatchet by the crew. The Paraguayan plan was to close the back of the monitors, which had been entrusted to Frigate Captain Romualdo Nuñez, with a large contingent. Despite an incessant search for a favorable location for action, the plan did not come to fruition due to a disagreement among officials on how to execute it. The two launches with the supplies reached the fleet on the afternoon of the 28th, reporting that they had found a point of fortifications being built in a Guarayo pass. The speedboats were attacked by fusillade shots and attempts to approach, with some wounded among the crew. Faced with this, the fleet rushed to pass that location, but they were not successful due to the difficulties imposed by the river, having to postpone a new attempt to the next day.
Guarayo Pass
On the 29th, between 7 and 8 am, the squadron commander decided to force the passage of Guarayo. The squadron was faced with the fortifications being manned by 1,100 men distributed between the trenches on both sides and with at least 2 artillery pieces at their disposal. He then directly made a blockade made with beams, trees, canoes, iron chains, ropes four times pasted, and carts full of stone. Before starting the passage, the Paraguayans had tried to destroy the Jansen Müller launch by sending two torpedoes towards it, while it was recognizing the buoyancy of a beam. Upon learning, 1st Lieutenant Vasconcellos signaled to Ceará, which was at her stern, from danger and set sail at full speed where the squadron was to give the warning. Immediately the fleet began to pass quickly, having Ceará as the spearhead of the squadron, since their machines were more powerful. The monitors, who passed at a safe distance from Ceará, so as not to disturb it, were under intense fire from coastal artillery but didn't respond immediately with their cannons. Even under intense fire and obstacles from the river, the monitor Ceará managed to break the blockade imposed by the enemy with the support of her squadmates. After overcoming the obstacles, the monitors return and anchor in front of the enemy, initiating the bombardment of the fortified positions on both sides. The Paraguayans responded with lively fire from their cannons and about 200 men try to approach the monitors. The combat lasted about 5 hours and resulted in great casualties for the Paraguayans. About 100 of those who attempted the blockade were killed, in addition to those on the shores and others who were captured. The defeat infuriated López, who ordered the immediate arrest of the commander who allowed the imperials to pass. On the Brazilian side, there was only one death and six injuries, among which the machinist Júlio Raposo de Mello stands out, who was hit twice and removed one of the bullets with his own hands.
After passing through, the squadron headed for the mouth of the Manduvirá and arrived there around the afternoon of the 30th, reaching Asunción on the same day, thus ending the second expedition. Gonçalves was praised by Emperor D. Pedro II for his courage and success in this operation. However, the high command was criticized by Artur Silveira da Mota, Baron of Jaceguai, as the Baron of Passagem had said that the Paraguayan ships were being sunk and the mouth of the river was completely blocked, so such an expedition was not justified because there was no way for the remains. of the Paraguayan navy to offer any danger to the fleet anchored in the Paraguay River.
Third Expedition
The river was blocked with the end of the second expedition and the steamboat João das Botas carried out an exploration of about 50 km on July 7 without finding anything. A little over a month after this exploration, Paraguayan troops moved in order to cross the Manduvirá to meet with López's troops in the Cordillera. Aware of this operation, Commander Elisiário ordered a new expedition with the objective of preventing such a crossing and commissioned the following vessels for the mission: Iguatemi gunboat, the steamboats Tebicuari, Inhaúma, Jejuí and the steamboat Lindóia. They were given the task of sailing as far as possible to avoid the passage of enemy troops. The new flotilla departed on August 17, 1869, while also having the order to "to make fly" to the steamers that were still interned since January in the Iaguí stream.
The first obstacle encountered by the steamers, on the 18th, was a stone-built barrier on the bed of the Guarayo pass, with a small passage wide enough to fit a canoe. The garrison quickly began work to clear this blockage. From the masts, the sailors saw men taking cattle towards the mountain range, in addition to enemy forces following the Brazilians from the shores, as in other expeditions. Due to the low tides, the speedboats had to return however the gunboat Iguatemi sailed a few kilometers from the mouth, as the shallow water prevented it from advancing, remaining in Passo Orqueta. Resuming the expedition, the flotilla encountered a family of Brazilians who had been captured from the province of Mato Grosso. They are sent to Asunción. On the same day, a Brazilian vanguard commanded by General Câmarahe dispersed some Paraguayan sailors who, on the way, set fire to the interned vessels, a total of six: the Piravevé, Anhambaí, Salto de Guairá, Apa, Paraná and Iporá. On the 20th of August, the Conde d'Eu arrived at the place where the vapors were burning.
Aftermath
With the exception of some explorations organized in September and October of that year, the Manduvirá River was declared free for navigation from as far as Rosário, becoming a line of communication with the army troops. The expeditions represented a serious risk for the Imperial Brazilian Navy due to the extreme difficulties that the ships faced, especially in the second expedition, where the fighting was more violent. If Nuñez's plan to close the monitors from the rear had been carried out, the result would have been catastrophic for the armada.
The fighting on the river sealed the end of the Paraguayan Navy, as the last ships that were in service were destroyed both by the Brazilian hands and by their own sailors. In the 1970s, the Paraguayan government organized itself to recover some steamers that were, until that date, buried in the place. Work was carried out to recover, catalog and create an open-air museum called the , based on the remains of the six ships that were in one of the Manduvirá streams, the Iaguí.
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Brief summary of the passage of the Brazilian imperial fleet on the Manduvirá river at histarmar.com.ar.
Naval battles of the Paraguayan War
Conflicts in 1869
1869 in Brazil
Riverine warfare
January 1869 events
February 1869 events
March 1869 events
April 1869 events
May 1869 events
June 1869 events
July 1869 events
August 1869 events |
```dart
// MIT-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
// path_to_url
import 'package:source_span/source_span.dart';
import '../../../utils.dart';
import '../../../visitor/interface/modifiable_css.dart';
import '../keyframe_block.dart';
import '../value.dart';
import 'node.dart';
/// A modifiable version of [CssKeyframeBlock] for use in the evaluation step.
final class ModifiableCssKeyframeBlock extends ModifiableCssParentNode
implements CssKeyframeBlock {
final CssValue<List<String>> selector;
final FileSpan span;
ModifiableCssKeyframeBlock(this.selector, this.span);
T accept<T>(ModifiableCssVisitor<T> visitor) =>
visitor.visitCssKeyframeBlock(this);
bool equalsIgnoringChildren(ModifiableCssNode other) =>
other is ModifiableCssKeyframeBlock &&
listEquals(selector.value, other.selector.value);
ModifiableCssKeyframeBlock copyWithoutChildren() =>
ModifiableCssKeyframeBlock(selector, span);
}
``` |
Quantilly () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.
Geography
An area of vineyards, forestry and farming comprising the village and two hamlets situated some north of Bourges, at the junction of the D16, D208 and the D59 roads. The grapes for Menetou-Salon wine are grown here.
Population
Sights
The church of St Genou, dating from the eighteenth century.
The nineteenth-century chateau of Champgrand.
The eighteenth-century chateau of Quantilly.
See also
Communes of the Cher department
References
Communes of Cher (department) |
The 1909 TCU football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) during the 1909 college football season. Led by Jesse R. Langley in his second and final year as head coach, TCU compiled an overall record of 5–2–1.
Schedule
References
TCU
TCU Horned Frogs football seasons
TCU football |
Naka-ku (中区) is a common ward name in many Japanese cities.
Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture
Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture
Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture
Naka-ku, Okayama, Okayama Prefecture
Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka Prefecture
Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture
See also
Chūō-ku (disambiguation)
Jung District, similar place name in Korean cities |
Trois milliards sans ascenseur (Translation: Three Billions Without an Elevator) (/ Seven Brains for a Perfect Shot) is a 1972 French-Italian film, directed by Roger Pigaut. It stars actor Gabriele Ferzetti. The script was co-written by Lucio Fulci.
Plot
A group of likeable slackers with little talent attempts to steal a prestigious jewellery collection exhibited at the highest floor of a tower. What they lack in experience, they make up for with street smarts. They think the stakes are too high for them, so they subcontract the heist, but swindle the subcontractor. They try to blackmail the exhibition's insurance agency, but end up tricked.
Cast
Michel Bouquet as Albert
Serge Reggiani as Pierrot
Marcel Bozzuffi as Gus
Dany Carrel as Lulu
Victor Lanoux as Gino
Gabriele Ferzetti as Raphaël
Françoise Rosay as Mme Dubreuil
Bernard Fresson as Julien
Amidou as José
Nike Arrighi as Minouche
Pierre Rousseau
References
External links
1972 films
1970s French-language films
French heist films
Italian heist films
1970s heist films
1970s French films
1970s Italian films |
Adara Networks (stylized as "ADARA Networks") is an American software company.
History
The company creates software-defined networking (SDN) infrastructure orchestration software and provides cloud computing. It has several dozen partners in its channel program. Adara's cloud software includes an SDI Visualizer for topological rendering, an SLA Manager for determining cost efficiency, and use Sirius Routers. Afterwards the company developed its Horizon SDA Platform, which has an Ecliptic SDN controller, Axis vSwitch, SoftSwitch, and cloud computing engine.
In 2008 Adara developed a networking electronic medical records project for the US Congress. Adara has served on Industry Advisory Panels for the Congress as well.
The company has held contracts with the Department of Defense, and spent its first ten years or so working in the public sphere before opening up to private companies, including SMEs, in 2011.
In 2012 Adara created a full stack network for its cloud, and in 2013 its controller became open source. Then in 2016, Adara partnered with Calient Technologies to develop an integrated SD-WAN. The company's CEO is Eric Johnson.
iN 2020 ADARA Networks were acknowledged as an Industry Leader in SDN.
References
External links
Official page
Twitter
1998 establishments in California
American companies established in 1998
Companies based in San Jose, California
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Software companies established in 1998
Software companies of the United States |
Shchetinka () is a rural locality () and the administrative center of Shchetinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:
Geography
The village is located on the Tuskar River (a right tributary of the Seym), 97 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, at the northern border of the district center – the town Kursk.
Streets
There are the following streets in the locality: Energetikov, Lugovaya, Osennyaya, Rechnaya and Rozhdestvenskaya (245 houses).
Climate
Shchetinka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Transport
Shchetinka is located 7 km from the federal route Crimea Highway (a part of the European route ), on the road of regional importance (Kursk – Ponyri), 1 km from the nearest railway halt 4 km (railway line Kursk – 146 km).
The rural locality is situated 5 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 128 km from Belgorod International Airport and 207 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
References
Notes
Sources
Rural localities in Kursky District, Kursk Oblast |
, better known as , is a Japanese professional kickboxer. She is a former Knock Out-Black Female Minimumweight Champion, Knock Out-Black Female Atomweight Champion, and Rebels-Black Women's 46 kg Champion. After moving from Osaka to Tokyo at the age of 21, Rina discovered kickboxing and began competing at the amateur level in 2017. She made her professional debut in February 2019, and remains undefeated in 15 bouts.
Early life and amateur career
Rina was born in Toyonaka, Osaka Prefecture on March 17, 1994, as the youngest of three children. With one older brother and one older sister, she said she was spoiled. Rina started swimming at the age of five and continued for 10 years. She suffered from atopic dermatitis, and also said her low body fat percentage made her unsuited for the sport. Her parents wanted her to be an actress, and had her audition for commercials from the age of six. But Rina said she was restless and could never sit through an audition. In sixth grade, Rina's parents had her audition for the original AKB48. She made it to the final interview, but declined it as she was not interested in being an idol. In junior high, Rina broke her school's marathon record three consecutive years in a row and was scouted to join the track and field club in her final year of junior high. However, she had to give up the sport after suffering a stress fracture in high school from excessive running. Without many friends and unable to play sports, the only thing she cared about, Rina stopped going to school and eventually quit.
Living on her own since the age of 17, she wandered from place to place working part-time jobs. At 21, she decided to move to Tokyo for a fresh start. There, she discovered kickboxing. Although it began as exercise, Rina quickly had the desire to compete, feeling that she "was born" to be a kickboxer. She joined the gym Struggle, founded by former professional kickboxer Hideaki Suzuki, on March 1, 2017. She traveled to Thailand several times to train and fight in Muay Thai. As an amateur, Rina was the 2018 Girls Bloom Cup -50 kg Champion and the Kaminarimon All Japan 2018 47 kg Champion. Her amateur record was 11 wins and 1 loss.
Rina's nickname comes from the Dragon Ball character Pan. While watching Dragon Ball together on Rina's 20th birthday, a friend told her she looked like the character. Elated, Rina changed her social media handle to "Panchan" and everyone started calling her by the name. The character is most prominently featured in Dragon Ball GT, and Rina uses that anime's theme song, "Dan Dan Kokoro Hikareteku", as her entrance music.
Professional career
2019–2022: Debut and two-division championships
Rina made her professional debut facing high school student Erisa Kawashima at Pancrase Rebels Ring 1 Night on February 17, 2019, with the winner earning a multi-fight contract with Rebels. Rina won the fight by unanimous decision. For her second match, Rina faced Sae_KMG at Rebels 60 on April 20, 2019. It was contested under Rebels' Muay Thai rules, which do not allow elbows. Rina won by unanimous decision. At Rebels 61 on June 9, 2019, Rina had a kickboxing match against mixed martial artist Si Woo Park. She won by unanimous decision. In her fourth professional match, first with three-minute-long rounds, Rina faced Shoko at K.O Climax 2019 Summer Kick Fever on August 18, 2019. Although it was put on by the Knock Out promotion, the match used Rebels Muay Thai rules. Rina won the bout by majority decision. In another Rebels Muay Thai rules fight, Rina faced J-Girls Pinweight Champion Mirey at Knock Out × Rebels on October 4, 2019, and won by unanimous decision. On December 8, 2019, Rina faced Petchompoo Mor Krungthepthonburi at Shin Nihon Kickboxing Association's Soul in the Ring Climax. The doctor stopped the match at 2:20 of round one due to a cut on Mor Krungthepthonburi, earning Rina her first technical knockout.
Because one of the judges scored their previous bout a draw, Rina requested a rematch with Shoko. It took place at Knock Out Championship 1 on February 11, 2020, with Rina winning by unanimous decision. Rebels then announced that Rina would face shoot boxer and former J-Girls Miniflyweight Champion Misaki Morita for the inaugural Rebels-Black Women's 46 kg Championship as the co-main event of Rebels 65. The match was sponsored by the manga series Taiga of Genesis, with the winner receiving an additional ¥200,000 from its author. Originally set for April 24, 2020, the event was rescheduled three times due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, finally taking place on August 30, 2020. Rina won the match, and her first professional championship, by unanimous decision. In her first main event, Rina faced former Minerva Pinweight Champion Mari in a non-title match at Rebels 67 on November 8, 2020. She won the 47 kg bout by unanimous decision. Later that month, Rina underwent surgery on her right hand due to an injury she sustained in the fight.
At a New Years awards ceremony held by Rebels and Knock Out in January 2021, Rina received the Outstanding Performance Award for her performances in the previous year. In March 2021, Rebels was merged into the Knock Out promotion and Rina's Rebels-Black Women's 46 kg Championship became the Knock Out-Black Female Atomweight Championship. After being postponed because of the continued COVID-19 pandemic, Rina made her return to competition in a rematch with Mirey, the J-Girls and WMC Japan Pinweight Champion, at Knock Out 2021 Vol. 2 on May 22, 2021. She won the non-title fight at 2:30 of the first round, with the first proper knockout of her career. She also received a ¥200,000 win bonus sponsored by Taiga of Genesis. After requesting a match against Minerva Light Flyweight Champion Hitomi "Sasori" Nagai for 10 months, Rina finally faced her at Knock Out 2021 Vol. 3 on July 18, 2021. Rina won the 48.4 kg bout by majority decision. She also received another ¥200,000 win bonus sponsored by Taiga of Genesis. Rina faced Momoka Mandokoro at Rizin 30 on September 19, 2021, in what was the promotion's first ever women's kickboxing match. She won the bout by unanimous decision. In an auction Rizin Fighting Federation held later in the month, Rina's autographed gloves from the match sold for ¥400,000, the highest bid of the auction. Rina then had two exhibition bouts before the year was out, both of which were ruled no contest when their time limits elapsed. The first was two two-minute rounds against RISE's number two ranked mini flyweight Moe Okura at Bout 43 on November 21, 2021. The second was the second of three rounds in Hitomi "Sasori" Nagai's retirement match that took place at Nihon Kickboxing's Victory Series Vol. 7 on December 11, 2021.
On December 19, 2021, it was announced that Rina had vacated the Knock Out-Black Female Atomweight Championship and would move up a weight class to challenge Miki Kitamura for the inaugural Knock Out-Black Female Minimumweight Championship. Originally set for Knock Out 2022 Vol. 1 on January 22, 2022, the match had to be rescheduled after Rina contracted COVID-19. It took place on March 12, 2022, at Knock Out 2022 Vol. 2, with Rina winning her second professional championship by unanimous decision. In April 2022, Rina announced she had surgery to repair the anterior cruciate ligament in her left knee that was damaged during training, and would be out of competition for at least a year. On October 12, it was announced that Rina had left Struggle, the gym she had been with for five years. After discussing her life and future, she made the decision to become a freelance fighter on October 8.
2022–present: Arrest and comeback
On December 5, 2022, Rina was arrested by Hyogo Prefectural Police on suspicion of fraud for selling a fake limited-edition poster signed by Tenshin Nasukawa and Takeru for ¥99,900 via an internet auction. Rina reportedly admitted to the accusations. On January 23, 2023, she uploaded a video to her YouTube account apologizing for her actions. In it, Rina explained that she had fallen victim to an internet scam and lost ¥15 million by June 2022. Unable to compete due to her injury, she sold the poster in order to recoup some of her losses. Rina was released from jail the day after her arrest, and claims to have met with the victim, who accepted her apology. The criminal case against Rina was dropped nolle prosequi on March 10, 2023.
On February 17, 2023, Rina and Knock Out held a press conference where it was announced that she had voluntarily vacated the Knock Out-Black Female Minimumweight Championship due to the incident. Rina made her return to the ring in a boxing-only exhibition bout scheduled for two two-minute rounds at Knock Out 2023 Super Bout "Blaze" on March 5. Her opponent was Ruka Sakamoto, who is known for competing in Breaking Down, a combat sports promotion where people, trained fighters or internet celebrities alike, fight in a single round lasting one minute. The bout was ruled a draw when the time limit elapsed. Rina made her kickboxing return against Wang Ching Long as the main event of Knock Out 2023 Vol. 1 on April 22. She won the match by majority decision. Her next bout was at Knock Out 2023 Vol. 4 on September 16, where she faced Chucky, a Taiwanese National Boxing gold medalist and former WOTD Women's Kickboxing 51 kg Champion. Rina won the fight by knockout at 2:58 of the second round when the referee stopped the match following a succession of knees.
Other ventures
Rina made her gravure modeling debut in the July 2019 issue of Young Animal. She then posed for the January 27, 2020 issue of Weekly Playboy. That same month she became an "image character" for the real estate company Dear Life, whose parent company, DL Holdings, sponsors a Muay Thai event. Rina and Kai Asakura shared the cover of the November 2020 issue of Gong Kakutogi, which also featured an interview with the two. Rina walked the runway at Nara Collection 2021 in three different outfits. Her first photobook, , was released on June 10, 2022. Rina was a special guest judge for the Miss Oriental 2022 Nihon Taikai beauty pageant. Rina is noted for her use of social media. Her YouTube channel, which she started in May 2020, has over 156,000 subscribers.
Championships and accomplishments
Kickboxing
Professional
Knock Out
Knock Out-Black Female Minimumweight Champion (one-time, inaugural)
Knock Out-Black Female Atomweight Champion (one-time, inaugural)
Win bonus (two times)
Rebels
Rebels-Black Women's 46 kg Champion (one-time, last)
Outstanding Performance Award (2021)
Win bonus (one time)
Amateur
Kaminarimon
Kaminarimon All Japan 2018 47 kg Champion
J-Network
2018 Girls Bloom Cup -50 kg Champion
Kickboxing record
|- style="text-align:center; background:#;"
| 2023-12-09 || ||align=left| Kaitlyn Vance || KNOCK OUT 2023 vol.6 || Tokyo, Japan || || ||
|- style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"
| 2023-09-16 || Win||align=left| Chucky || Knock Out 2023 Vol. 4 || Tokyo, Japan || KO (Knees) || 2 || 2:58 ||
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2023-04-22 || Win ||align=left| Wang Chin Long || Knock Out 2023 Vol. 1 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Majority) || 3 || 3:00 ||
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2022-03-12 || Win ||align=left| Miki Kitamura || Knock Out 2022 Vol. 2 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2021-09-19 || Win ||align=left| Momoka Mandokoro || Rizin 30 || Saitama, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 ||
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2021-07-18 || Win ||align=left| Sasori || Knock Out 2021 Vol. 3 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Majority) || 3 || 3:00 ||
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2021-05-22|| Win ||align=left| Mirey || Knock Out 2021 Vol. 2 || Tokyo, Japan || KO (Straight right) || 1 || 2:30 ||
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2020-11-08|| Win ||align=left| Mari || Rebels 67 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous)|| 3 || 3:00 ||
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2020-08-30|| Win ||align=left| Misaki || Rebels 65 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous)|| 3 || 3:00 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2020-02-11 || Win ||align=left| Shoko || Knock Out Championship 1 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 ||
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-12-08 || Win ||align=left| Petchompoo Mor Krungthepthonburi || Soul in the Ring Climax || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (Doctor stoppage) || 1 || 2:20 ||
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-10-04|| Win ||align=left| Mirey || Knock Out × Rebels || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || Rebels Muay Thai rules
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-08-18|| Win ||align=left| Shoko || K.O Climax 2019 Summer Kick Fever || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Majority)|| 3 || 3:00 || Rebels Muay Thai rules
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-06-09|| Win ||align=left| Si Woo Park || Rebels 61 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) ||3 || 2:00 ||
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-04-20 || Win||align=left| Sae_KMG || Rebels 60 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 || Rebels Muay Thai rules
|-
|- style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-02-17|| Win ||align=left| Erisa Kawashima || Pancrase Rebels Ring 1 Night || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 ||
|-
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
References
External links
Archived profile at Struggle
1994 births
Living people
Japanese female kickboxers
Sportspeople from Osaka Prefecture
People from Toyonaka, Osaka
Kickboxing champions |
Best, a compilation album by folk singer-songwriter Robert Earl Keen, released by Koch Records on November 7, 2006. The album features songs from six of Keen's previous albums: No Kinda Dancer, A Bigger Piece of Sky, No. 2 Live Dinner, Farm Fresh Onions, What I Really Mean, and Live at the Ryman: The Greatest Show Ever Been Gave.
Reception
The AllMusic review by Mark Deming gave the album 3½ stars stating: "Robert Earl Keen is an archetypal Texas singer/songwriter, someone who can mine both laughter and tragedy from life along the dusty margins of life in the Lone Star State... a comprehensive and well-programmed compilation offering a fully rounded introduction to his music would be more than welcome. However, 2007's Best isn't quite that album... If you're looking for a concise, career-spanning overview of Robert Earl Keen's long career in music, Best isn't as much help as you might wish, but the consistent quality is a sure convincer."
Track listing
All tracks by Robert Earl Keen except where noted
"No Kinda Dancer" – 3:07
"Willie" – 2:36
"Armadillo Jackal" – 3:26
"Paint the Town Beige" – 4:34
"Whenever Kindness Fails" – 3:38
"Corpus Christi Bay" – 3:59
"Merry Christmas from the Family" – 3:54
"The Road Intro" – 5:08
"The Road Goes on Forever" – 7:45
"Furnace Fan" – 3:58
"All I Have Is Today" – 3:28
"Let the Music Play" (Keen, Bill Whitbeck) – 5:36
"For Love" – 4:24
"Mr. Wolf and Mama Bear" – 3:46
"Ride" – 3:45
"Feeling Good Again" – 3:15
"Gringo Honeymoon" – 4:53
"I'm Comin' Home" – 4:17
Personnel
Robert Pool – Fender Bass
Dan Augustine – horn arrangements, trombone, tuba
Danny Barnes – banjo
Rich Brotherton – audio production, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, rhythm guitar, producer, vocal harmony
Nick Connolly – organ
Bryan Duckworth – fiddle
Dave Durocher – drums, vocal harmony, backing vocals
Joe Ely – pedal steel
Denice Franke – vocal harmony, vocals, backing vocals
Nanci Griffith – vocal harmony, backing vocals
Fred Gumaer – drums
John Hagen – cello
Melissa Story Haycraft – executive producer
Dan Huckabee – dobro
Robert Earl Keen Jr. – audio production, acoustic guitar, rhythm guitar, producer, vocals
Mike Landschoot – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Randy LeRoy – mastering
Lyle Lovett – vocal harmony, backing vocals
Lloyd Maines – audio production, pedal steel, producer
George Marinelli – electric guitar, vocal harmony, backing vocals
Ian McLagan – organ
Eamon McLoughlin – fiddle, viola
Marty Muse – pedal steel
Riley Osborne – piano
Chuck Rhodes – production coordination
Phil Richey – trumpet
Elliott Rogers – backing vocals
Bill Schas – trombone
Michael Snow – bodhran, tenor banjo
Jay Spell – accordion
Tommy Spurlock – acoustic guitar, gut string guitar, lap steel guitar, pedal steel
Marty Stuart – mandolin
Paul Sweeney – mandolin
Garry Tallent – electric bass, upright bass
Tom Van Schaik – drums, percussion
Garry Velletri – audio production, producer
Bill Whitbeck – bass, electric bass
Elizabeth Yoon – art direction, design
Jonathan Yudkin – violin
References
Robert Earl Keen albums
2006 greatest hits albums |
Glauco Bermudez is a Mexican Canadian cinematographer. He is most noted for his work on the 2016 film Before the Streets (Avant les rues), for which he was nominated for both the Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography and the Prix Iris for Best Cinematography, and the 2020 film Influence, for which he was nominated for the Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary.
Originally from Mexico City, Bermudez moved to Montreal, Quebec to study cinematography at the Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema. He remains based in Montreal, but has continued to work in both Canadian and Mexican cinema.
References
External links
Canadian cinematographers
Mexican cinematographers
Mexican emigrants to Canada
Concordia University alumni
People from Montreal
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Ed Hodgkiss (born October 23, 1970) is a former Arena Football League coach for the Los Angeles Avengers.
In 2001, Hodgkiss was hired from the Albany/Indiana Firebirds, where he served as their Offensive coordinator, to become the head coach of the Avengers. In his first season as head coach, Hodgkiss led the Avengers to their first ever playoff berth. He was fired in June 2008.
References
External links
Ed Hodgkiss at ArenaFan Online
Los Angeles Avengers bio page
1970 births
Living people
People from Laurel, Maryland
Players of American football from Prince George's County, Maryland
American football wide receivers
Fairmont State Fighting Falcons football players
Indiana Firebirds coaches
Los Angeles Avengers coaches |
Aleksandr Yuryevich Laktionov (; born 28 May 1986) is a football coach and a former midfielder from Russia. He is the manager of FC Rodina-2 Moscow.
Career
Laktionov started his career at Spartak Moscow in 2005. In 2006, he was sent on loan to FC Aktobe on Kazakhstan and he was a part of their squad in the 2006 CIS Cup. In July 2007 he signed for Latvian Virslīga club Liepājas Metalurgs on loan, playing five games in the 2007 season.
Personal life
His cousin Denis Laktionov was also a footballer who played for the Russia national team.
References
External links
1986 births
People from Novosibirsk Oblast
Living people
Russian men's footballers
FK Liepājas Metalurgs players
Expatriate men's footballers in Latvia
FC Spartak Moscow players
Russian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
FC Arsenal Tula players
Men's association football forwards
FC Baikal Irkutsk players
Russian football managers
FC Aktobe players
FC Tekstilshchik Ivanovo players
FC Veles Moscow players
FC Olimp-Dolgoprudny players
FC Sportakademklub Moscow players
Sportspeople from Novosibirsk Oblast
FC Yakutiya Yakutsk players |
The Waldeisenbahn Muskau is a narrow gauge railway connecting Kromlau, Weißwasser and Bad Muskau in Saxony, Germany. It is the longest 600 mm gauge heritage railway in Germany, with a track length of .
History
The first tracks were laid in 1895. Operation began as a horse-drawn railway, with the switch to steam locomotives beginning in 1896.
Tracks and rolling stock were damaged in the Second World War, after which reparations further restricted the operation of the Waldeisenbahn Muskau.
In 1951 the Waldeisenbahn was incorporated into the Reichsbahn. On March 21, 1978 the Minister of Transport ordered the closure of the Waldeisenbahn Muskau, which was followed by an order on March 29 to cease operation by the Cottbus railway directorate ().
After 1978 only of track remained in use between Weißwasser and a brickyard, with occasional special services run by rail enthusiasts. First efforts to preserve the Waldeisenbahn Muskau were made by rail enthusiasts beginning in the 1980s. A construction staff was established by the district of Weißwasser in 1991. The line between Weißwasser and Kromlau reopened in 1992, with tourist services beginning the same year. The line to Bad Muskau was reopened in 1995. In the 1990s many people, as many as 100 simultaneously, were involved in the Waldeisenbahn as part of (job creation programs).
The Waldeisenbahn Muskau took over the (clay railway) between Weißwasser and the Mühlrose clay pit in 2010. Operations on the ceased in 2014 due to the expansion of the open pit mine. A new alignment of the Tonbahn was inaugurated in April 2017, with the former alignment being dismantled to make way for the open pit mine. The new terminus is located near the Schwerer Berg observation tower.
A new maintenance workshop was inaugurated in 2019, eliminating the need to transport the locomotives to maintenance companies with lowboy trailers.
Network
At its peak, the network had a length of over . Most of the tracks were removed following the closure of the network in 1978. The rebuilt network between Kromlau, Weißwasser and Bad Muskau has a length of . , it has 12 stations and three stops.
Rolling stock
Until its closure in 1978, the Waldeisenbahn was only operated as an industrial railway, with the fleet consisting of multiple steam locomotives, diesel locomotives for shunting, and over 550 railway cars in total. Some of the original rolling stock is still used for heritage operation. Other rolling stock has been acquired from pit railways and systems. The current fleet consists of steam locomotives, 31 diesel locomotives, passenger cars and freight cars.
Heeresfeldbahnlokomotive HF 2257 from the was used on a special event for railfans on October 12 and 13, 2019.
References
Further reading
External links
Transport in Saxony
600 mm gauge railways in Germany
Heritage railways in Germany |
```javascript
module["exports"] = [
"habilidad",
"acceso",
"adaptador",
"algoritmo",
"alianza",
"analista",
"aplicacin",
"enfoque",
"arquitectura",
"archivo",
"inteligencia artificial",
"array",
"actitud",
"medicin",
"gestin presupuestaria",
"capacidad",
"desafo",
"circuito",
"colaboracin",
"complejidad",
"concepto",
"conglomeracin",
"contingencia",
"ncleo",
"fidelidad",
"base de datos",
"data-warehouse",
"definicin",
"emulacin",
"codificar",
"encriptar",
"extranet",
"firmware",
"flexibilidad",
"focus group",
"previsin",
"base de trabajo",
"funcin",
"funcionalidad",
"Interfaz Grfica",
"groupware",
"Interfaz grfico de usuario",
"hardware",
"Soporte",
"jerarqua",
"conjunto",
"implementacin",
"infraestructura",
"iniciativa",
"instalacin",
"conjunto de instrucciones",
"interfaz",
"intranet",
"base del conocimiento",
"red de area local",
"aprovechar",
"matrices",
"metodologas",
"middleware",
"migracin",
"modelo",
"moderador",
"monitorizar",
"arquitectura abierta",
"sistema abierto",
"orquestar",
"paradigma",
"paralelismo",
"poltica",
"portal",
"estructura de precios",
"proceso de mejora",
"producto",
"productividad",
"proyecto",
"proyeccin",
"protocolo",
"lnea segura",
"software",
"solucin",
"estandardizacin",
"estrategia",
"estructura",
"xito",
"superestructura",
"soporte",
"sinergia",
"mediante",
"marco de tiempo",
"caja de herramientas",
"utilizacin",
"website",
"fuerza de trabajo"
];
``` |
McCarthy Catholic College is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school located in , New South Wales, Australia. The college is administered by the Catholic Education Office of the Diocese of Armidale.
Overview
McCarthy Catholic College is a co-educational Catholic high school for students in years 7 to 12. It was formed in 2000 through the amalgamation of Our Lady of the Rosary College (for years 7-10) and McCarthy Catholic Senior High School (for years 11-12). For historical reasons the college is named for Irish priest Father Timothy McCarthy who was the first resident priest in the New England Region from 1853 to 1874 and worked for the education of children.
College logo and mission statement
McCarthy's Logo is a combination of a gold Chi Rho and the constellation of the Southern Cross on a navy blue background. The terms Receive, Worship and Serve are part of the McCarthy Catholic College Mission Statement.
History
The school is built on land that was first lived in by the Kamilaroi people. A school was founded on its current site by the Dominican Sister Patricia Rowe. The school was established in 2000, when the schools Our Lady of the Rosary College and McCarthy Catholic Senior High School merged.
See also
List of Catholic schools in New South Wales
Catholic education in Australia
References
Catholic secondary schools in New South Wales
2000 establishments in Australia
Educational institutions established in 2000
Tamworth, New South Wales |
George Randolph Lawrence (born 14 September 1962) is a former professional footballer now retired. He played as a midfielder, spending most of his career with Oxford United, Southampton and AFC Bournemouth. He was known by the nickname "Chicken George" throughout his career.
Playing career
Lawrence was born in Kensington, London and was a pupil at Christopher Wren School where he was spotted by Southampton's London scouting network, joining The Saints as a trainee in August 1979. He made his debut in a League Cup match against Chelsea on 6 October 1981 replacing Nick Holmes. He made his first appearance in the starting line-up on 17 October, replacing Mick Channon in a league game against Notts County.
According to Holley & Chalk's The Alphabet of the Saints, he "soon brought added meaning to the word unpredictable". He was "full of strong surging runs" and "would, when remembering to take the ball with him, completely perplex opposing defenders and cause havoc in the penalty area".
In his first period at The Dell, Southampton had an abundance of strikers, including Channon and Steve Moran, together with Kevin Keegan, Steve Williams and David Armstrong in midfield, so his chances were limited. He spent the end of the 1981–82 season on loan at Oxford United and, after returning to Southampton for the start of the following season, he moved permanently to Oxford in November 1982.
After two years with Oxford, in January 1985 he was rather surprisingly re-signed by Lawrie McMenemy. Again, Lawrence was in competition with several strikers including Moran, Joe Jordan, Alan Curtis and Danny Wallace.
The 1986–87 season was his most successful with Southampton, making 36 League appearances and was the club's (joint) second-best scorer for the season with eight goals (a long way behind Colin Clarke with twenty). It was somewhat of a surprise to the Saints fans, therefore, when he was sold to Millwall for £160,000 in July 1987, although by now Matt Le Tissier and Alan Shearer were coming up through the ranks and were pushing for promotion to the first team. In his two periods with the Saints he made 104 appearances in all competitions, scoring 15 goals.
In his first season at Millwall, he helped them win the Football League Division 2 championship, and then spent the 1988–89 season with them in the First Division. He then spent three years at AFC Bournemouth before spending the summer of 1992 in Finland with Mikkelin Palloilijat. In 1993, he made 14 appearances for Portsmouth, all from the substitutes' bench (without scoring). He finished his playing career with a spell in Malta, playing with Hibernians F.C. where he won two consecutive titles, followed by lower-league football.
Since retiring from playing professionally, he has continued to turn out in veterans' matches as well as earning a living as a player's agent.
Honours
Millwall
Football League Second Division: 1987–88
Hibernians
Maltese Premier League: 1993–94, 1994–95
Chicken George
Throughout his career, he was affectionately known by the nickname "Chicken George", after the character in the TV series Roots which was being aired on British television at the time he started his career.
References
External links
Profile on football-heroes.net
Profile on True Greats
1962 births
Living people
Footballers from Kensington
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Southampton F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Mikkelin Palloilijat players
Weymouth F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Hibernians F.C. players
Hednesford Town F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
English Football League players
Veikkausliiga players
Maltese Premier League players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Finland
Expatriate men's footballers in Malta
People educated at Phoenix High School, London |
Jonathan David Armogam (born 9 January 1981 in Cape Town, Western Cape) is a South African footballer who played for Vasco da Gama and Engen Santos in the Premier Soccer League. He can play as a midfielder and a striker.
References
1981 births
Living people
Soccer players from Cape Town
Cape Coloureds
South African men's soccer players
Men's association football forwards
Bush Bucks F.C. players
Santos F.C. (South Africa) players
Vasco da Gama (South Africa) players
Men's association football midfielders
South African Premier Division players
National First Division players
Currently is a dedicated teacher at LivingstoneHighschool. |
Aloeides dentatis, the Roodepoort copper, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Lesotho and South Africa.
The wingspan is 22–26 mm for males and 24–28 mm females. Adults are on wing from August to November and from February to March. There are two generations per year.
The larvae of the nominate subspecies feed on Hermannia depressa and Lotononis eriantha. Larvae of subspecies A. d. maseruna feed on Hermannia jacobeifolia. The larvae are attended to by Lepisiota capensis ants.
Subspecies
Aloeides dentatis dentatis (South Africa: Mpumalanga, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal)
Aloeides dentatis maseruna (Riley, 1938) (Lesotho, South Africa: North West and Free State)
References
Butterflies described in 1909
Aloeides
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Columbia Township is one of the nine townships within Whitley County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, the township's population was recorded at 11,047 individuals, with a total of 4,799 housing units within its boundaries.
Geography
Based on data from the 2010 census, Columbia Township encompasses a total area of 36.73 square miles (95.1 km2). Within this expanse, 36.71 square miles (95.1 km2), equivalent to 99.95% of the total area, constitutes land, while a minor portion of 0.02 square miles (0.052 km2), equivalent to 0.05%, consists of water bodies. The landscape of the township contains several watercourses, including Blue Babe Branch, Blue River and Stony Creek.
Cities and towns
Columbia City (vast majority)
Unincorporated towns
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)
Adjacent townships
Thorncreek Township (north)
Union Township (east)
Jefferson Township (southeast)
Washington Township (south)
Cleveland Township (southwest)
Richland Township (west)
Cemeteries
The township contains fourteen cemeteries: Brown, Compton/Oak Grove, County Home, Eberhard, Greenhill, Hell’s Half Acre, Nolt(Beaver Reserve), Potter’s Field, Ream(Bethel), Saint Peter, Shoemaker, South Park, South Park Annex and Spooktown.
Major highways
U.S. Route 30
Indiana State Road 9
Indiana State Road 109
Indiana State Road 205
References
United States Census Bureau cartographic boundary files
External links
Indiana Township Association
United Township Association of Indiana
Townships in Whitley County, Indiana
Townships in Indiana |
In molecular biology, snoRNA U79 (also known as SNORD79 or Z22) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U79 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA U79 is found in intron 7 of the GAS5 gene in humans and is also present in mice.
U79 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A3809.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
Fredro is a surname or given name. It may refer to:
Aleksander Fredro (1793–1876), Polish poet, playwright, and writer
Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro (1620–1679), Polish nobleman
Fredro Starr, rapper
See also
Fredro (Bończa), Polish noble family of Bończa coat of arms |
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