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Gheg (also spelled Geg; Gheg Albanian: gegnishtja, Standard ) is one of the two major varieties of Albanian, the other being Tosk. The geographic dividing line between the two varieties is the Shkumbin River, which winds its way through central Albania. Gheg is spoken in northern and central Albania, Kosovo, northwestern North Macedonia, southeastern Montenegro and southern Serbia by the Albanian dialectal subgroup known as Ghegs.
Gheg does not have any official status as a written language in any country. Publications in Kosovo and North Macedonia are in Standard Albanian, which is based on Tosk. However, some authors continue to write in Gheg.
History
Before World War II, there had been no official attempt to enforce a unified Albanian literary language; both literary Gheg and literary Tosk were used. The communist regime in Albania imposed nationwide a standard that was based on the variant of Tosk spoken in and around the city of Korçë.
With the warming of relations between Albania and Yugoslavia starting in the late 1960s, the Kosovo Albanians—the largest ethnic group in Kosovo—adopted the same standard in a process that began in 1968 and culminated with the appearance of the first unified Albanian orthographic handbook and dictionary in 1972. Although they had until then used Gheg and almost all Albanian writers in Yugoslavia were Ghegs, they chose to write in Tosk for political reasons.
The change of literary language has had significant political and cultural consequences because the Albanian language is the main criterion for Albanian self identity. The standardization has been criticized, notably by the writer Arshi Pipa, who claimed that the move had deprived Albanian of its richness at the expense of the Ghegs. He referred to literary Albanian as a "monstrosity" produced by the Tosk communist leadership, who had conquered anti-communist northern Albania and imposed their own dialect on the Ghegs.
Kosovan language
In post-WWII Yugoslavia there was a project to create a Kosovan language, which would have been largely Gheg. This was in line with Josip Broz Tito's reorganization of the country into a federation of ethnolinguistically defined nations, which relied heavily on language policy to create or reinforce separation of these nations from such neighbors as Bulgaria, and it built on efforts by communist Albania to unite with Yugoslavia. The idea of union was dropped though, in the aftermath of the split between Stalin and Tito in 1948, as Albania sided with Moscow. As a result of this rupture and other factors, no such Kosovan language was ever created. Indeed, in 1974 the Tosk-based standard Albanian was adopted as an official language of Kosovo.
Dialects
The Gheg dialect is divided by four sub-dialects: Central Gheg, Southern Gheg, Northwestern Gheg (or Western Gheg), and Northeastern Gheg (or Eastern Gheg).
Southern Gheg
Southern Gheg is spoken in the ethno-geographic regions of central and, areas of, north-central Albania; among these being: 1) Durrës, which includes its surrounding villages and environs and municipal units of Ishëm and Shijak; 2) Tirana, including the surrounding villages and environs under the municipal units of Petrelë, Dajt, Vorë, Pezë, Ndroq, Zall-Herr, Zall-Bastar, Shëngjergj, Kavajë, and Rrogozhinë (the last two traditionally being grouped with the Durrës region); 3) Elbasan, including its surrounding villages and the settlements under the municipal units of Labinot-Mal, Labinot-Fushë, Bradashesh, Funarë, Krrabë, and Peqin (the last two regions generally speak dialects closer to that of the Durrës and Tirana region); and 4) Librazhd, including the surrounding settlements and those under the ethnographic regions and municipal units of Çermenikë, Qukës, Prrenjas, Hotolisht; and 5) small sub-regions of the Dibër County such as Martanesh; and 6) northern Pogradec.
Southern Gheg can be further broken down into two major groupings: Southwestern Gheg and Southeastern Gheg. The first group includes the dialects spoken in the regions of Durrës, Tirana, and sections of Elbasan such as Peqin and the western villages of Krrabë. The latter group, on the other hand, is spoken in the regions of Elbasan, Librazhd, and Martanesh. The spoken dialects of Shëngjergj, in Tirana, and Krrabë, in Elbasan, act as transitional dialects between the two groups, although the former is closer to the Southwestern group and the eastern villages of the latter with the Southeastern group.
The dialects of Ishëm, Vorë, Zall-Herr, and Zall-Dajt represent the northernmost extensions of Southern Gheg (specifically Southwestern Gheg), and as such, they show direct influences from Central Gheg (spoken in neighbouring Krujë, Mat, and Bulqizë); thus they can be labelled as transitional dialects.
Certain settlements to the extreme south of the Southern Gheg dialect zone, which are included in the largely Southern Gheg-speaking units, speak transitional dialects depicting both characteristics of Gheg and Tosk Albanian. These include villages such as Dars in Peqin, the coastal villages of southernmost Kavajë, and a number of settlements in Qukës and Hotolisht.
Central Gheg
Central Gheg is a sub-dialect of Gheg spoken in much of north-central Albania, including: Krujë, Mati, Dibër, Luma, and Mirdita. Central Gheg is also spoken outside of Albania, with the majority of Albanians from North Macedonia speaking dialects of Central Gheg - including the divergent idiom spoken in Upper Reka. According to linguists such as Jorgji Gjinari and Xhevat Lloshi, the Central Gheg dialect group represents a sub-group of the larger Southern Gheg zone.
Northern Gheg
Northeastern Gheg include the Albanians of Bujanoc, Besianë, Gjilan, Mitrovicë, Medvegjë, Preshevë, Prishtinë, Vushtrri, and the formerly Albanian-populated territories of Niš Sanjak (Niš, Vranje, Toplica District).
Northwestern Gheg or often called as Prizren old dialect is mostly spoken in Prizren, (Shkodër, Shiroka, Vermosh, Selcë, Vukël, Lëpushë, Nikç, Tamarë, Tuzi, Shestani-Kraja, Ulcinj, Bar, Plav, Gusinje, Pejë, Gjakovë, Lezhë and the rest of Malësia)
One isolated and particularly divergent Northwestern dialect: the Arbanasi dialect of diaspora Albanians in Croatia
The Italian linguist Carlo Tagliavini puts the Gheg of Kosovo and North Macedonia in Eastern Gheg.
Northeastern Gheg
Northeastern Gheg, sometimes known as Eastern Gheg, is a variant or sub-dialect of Gheg Albanian spoken in Northeastern Albania, Kosovo, and Serbia.
The Northeastern Gheg dialectal area begins roughly down from the eastern Montenegrin-Albanian border, including the Albanian districts (Second-level administrative country subdivisions) of Tropojë, Pukë, Has, Mirditë and Kukës; the whole of Kosovo, and the municipalities of Bujanovac and Preševo in Serbia. The tribes in Albania speaking the dialect include Nikaj-Merturi, Puka, Gashi, and Tropoja.
The Albanian speech in roughly around Tetovo and Karadak, in North Macedonia, is sometimes regarded part of Northeastern Gheg.
Calques of Serbian origin are evident in the areas of syntax and morphology. The Northeastern Gheg slightly differs from Northwestern Gheg (spoken in Shkodër), as the pronunciation is deeper and more prolonged. Northeastern Gheg is considered to be the autonomous branch of Gheg Albanian in turn, the Northeastern Gheg dialects themselves differ greatly among themselves.
The dialect is also split in a few other minority dialects, where the phoneme [y] of standard Albanian is pronounced as [i], i.e. "ylberi" to "ilberi" (both meaning rainbow); "dy" to "di" (both meaning two). In Northeastern Gheg, the palatal stops of standard Albanian, such as [c] (as in qen, "dog") and [ɟ] (as in gjumë, "sleep"), are realised as palato-alveolar affricates, [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] respectively.
Northwestern Gheg
Northwestern Gheg, sometimes known as Western Gheg, is a sub-dialect of Gheg Albanian spoken in Northwestern Albania, Southern Montenegro, and Western Kosovo. The inhabitants of the renowned region of Malësia are Northwestern Gheg speakers. The tribes that speak this dialect are the Malësor, Dukagjin and other highlander tribes which include (Malësia): Hoti, Gruda, Triepshi, Kelmendi, Kastrati, Shkreli, Lohja, etc., (Dukagjin) : Shala, Shoshi, Shllaku, Dushmani, etc., etc..(Lezhë),...(see Tribes of Albania).
The main contrast between Northwestern Gheg and Northeastern Gheg is the slight difference in the tone and or pronunciation of the respective dialects. Northwestern Gheg does not have the more deeper sounding a's, e's, etc. and is considered by some to sound slightly more soft and clear in tone compared to Northeastern Gheg, yet still spoken with a rough Gheg undertone compared to the Southern Albanian dialects. Other differences include different vocabulary, and the use of words like "kon" (been), and "qysh" (how?) which are used in Northeastern Gheg, and not often used in Northwestern Gheg. Instead Northwestern Gheg speakers say "kjen or ken" (been), and use the adverb "si" to say (how?). For example in Northeastern Gheg to say "when I was young", you would say, "kur jam kon i ri", while in Northwestern Gheg you would say "kur kam ken i ri, kur jam ken i ri.".
Although there is a degree of variance, Northwestern Gheg and Northeastern Gheg are still very much similar, and speakers of both sub-dialects have no problem understanding and having a conversation with one another.
Differentiations between the Northwestern Gheg dialects themselves are minuscule, unlike the Northeastern Gheg dialects where there is more differentiation.
Phonology
Assimilations are common in Gheg but are not part of the Albanian literary language, which is a standardized form of Tosk Albanian.
Vowels
Oral
Nasal
Examples
See also
Albanian dialects
Arbëresh language
Arvanitika
Cham Albanian dialect
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Albanian Etymology
ISO Documentation
Albanian dialects |
Białystok Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1944 to 1975, when its purview was separated into eastern Suwałki Voivodeship, Łomża Voivodeship and Białystok Voivodeship (1975–1998). Its capital city was Białystok. The establishment of Podlaskie Voivodeship in 1999 was essentially a reunion of the areas of Białystok Voivodeship (1945–1975).
The area's administrative region of 1950 amounted to 23 201 square kilometers, which was later reduced to 23 153 square kilometers. In 1946 the population approximately 941 000 and in 1970 it had approximately 1 176 000 inhabitants.
Politics
From 1945 to 1950 served as Voivodes Jerzy Sztachelski, Stefan Dybowski, Stanisław Krupka and Julian Horodecki.
Formation of the Voivodeship party structure
Creation of its structures began only after July 27, 1944, when the Soviet Armed Forces entered Bialystok. In August this year the PPR Provincial Committee was created. It should be added that none of the members of this committee she was not formally a member of this party. First members in the Bialystok Voivodeship
they were not admitted to the Polish Workers' Party until August 21, 1944, during a meeting of the Provincial Committee. Following the unification of the PPS and PPR, The Polish United Workers' Party in the Białystok Voivodeship included about 16 thousand former PPR members and 3.5 thousand members of the former PPS. Secretaries 73% newly
created basic party organizations were members of the former Polish Workers' Party, while members of the aforementioned party organizations were appointed deputy secretaries
PPS.
On December 23, 1948, during the meeting of the provincial committees of the former PPR and PPS, the Provincial Committee and the executive committee of the Polish United Workers' Party in Bialystok were elected. Mieczysław Tureniec from the PPR was elected the first secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party
and Stefan Dąbek from the former PPS as Second Secretary.
In 1944 to 1956, the function of the first secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party Voivodeship Committee in Bialystok was held by the following
people: Edwarda Orłowska (1944-1945), Mieczysław Bodalski (1945-1947), Mieczysław Tureniec, Józef Faruga, Józef Rygliszyn, Grzegorz Wojciechowski, Stanisław Brodziński and Jan Jabłoński. On the wave of October 1956 transformations, for a period of less than three weeks
Antoni Laskowski was the secretary. Arkadiusz Łaszewicz took this position in November 1956 following the political overhaul which followed the Polish October.
Voivodeship National Council
At the state apparatus level, Bialystok Voivodeship National Council (the Voivodeship regional parliament) was created The first, inaugural meeting of the Voivodeship National Council in 57a Warszawska street in Bialystok was held on August 28, 1944, with 23 members. dr Jerzy Sztachelski, was elected as the chairman, the vice-chairmen in the persons of Jakub Antoniuk and Władysław Nieśmiałek and the secretary general - Tadeusz Jackowski. The creation of WRN from Bialystok took place on the basis of the Provisional Statute of the National Councils. Due to Sztachelski's appointment as Voivode, at the meeting of the Voivodeship National Council on October 21, 1944, Jan Kuśniarek was appointed to replace him as the head of that body with Jakub Antoniuk as deputy and Bolesław Sokół and Eugenia Krassowska as members of the presidium. In February 1945 Tadeusz Jackowski became the head with Bolesław Podedworny as his deputy and Edward Orłowska, Bolesław Sokół and Eugenia Krassowska as members of the presidium. It was later led by Julian Horodecki (14.04.1950–13.04.1952), Mieczysław Moczar (22.04.1952–15.12.1954), Józef Szczęśniak (15.04.1954–01.12.1956), Stanisław Juchnicki (01.12.1956–07.02.1958), Jerzy Popko (07.12.1958–21.11.1962), Stefan Żmijko (21.11.1962–04.03.1972 and Zygmunt Sprycha (04.03.1972–12.12.1973)
History
In early 1944, when the Red Army crossed the Polish frontier before the war, the Bialystok Voivodeship was divided administratively by the German-occupied areas incorporated into the Third Reich (Bezirk Bialystok) and the occupied territories of the USSR (Reich Commissariat East).
Over the next months, the front moved into the pre-war Polish territory. However, according to the findings of the Tehran Conference of 1943, it was known that the pre-war Polish eastern territories would be incorporated into the Soviet Union and eastern territories of Germany would be incorporated into Polish (more precisely define these territorial changes occurred during the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference ). For this reason, the Polish territories occupied by the Red Army in early 1944 did not create the Polish administration. Only after crossing the line in July 1944 the Bug, which would be the future eastern border of Poland, Polish authorities were established in the form of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PCNL).
A month after the start of its operations, PCNL issued the Decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation of August 21, 1944 on the Procedure for the appointment of general administration authorities and second instance, which came into force on 22 August 1944. In this decree (Article 11), it abolished the administrative structure introduced by Germany and restored the Bialystok Voivodeship administrative divisions from the Second Polish Republic. At the time, the front line ran in front of the Vistula and Narew, and the formal authority PKWN had was only in part of the pre-war Bialystok Voivodeship.
29 September 1944, administration of 17 (of the 23) districts of Belastok Region (including the city of Białystok) and an additional three (Siemiatycze, Hajnówka and Kleszczele) of the Brest Region was passed to the Polish Committee of National Liberation from the Byelorussian SSR.
31 December 1944 the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland replaced the Polish Committee of National Liberation.
14 March 1945 the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland made the initial administrative division of the German lands included in the Polish (so-called Recovered Territories ), even before taking all of these areas, creating them four administrative districts do not have the status of regions: Region I (Opole Silesia), District II (Lower Silesia), District III (West Pomerania), District IV (Mazury).
The Border Agreement between Poland and the USSR of 16 August 1945 established the borders between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Republic of Poland. It was signed by the Provisional Government of National Unity ().
August 18, 1945 transferred Lomza County from the Warsaw Voivodeship to the Białystok Voivodeship.
September 25, 1945 part of the counties of the Recovered Territories transmitted under the management of the Białystok Voivodeship (Gołdap, Ełk and Olecko) from District IV (Mazury). These districts have provisionally become parts of the Voivodeship, although de jure continue to form part of Recovered Territories (MP, 1945 No. 29, item. 77). On June 28, 1946, the areas of the Recovered Territories assigned to Białystok Voivodeship were formally transferred.
Some cities lost civic rights without joining larger neighboring cities: Dąbrowa Białostocka*, Kleszczele*, Krynki, Sokoły, Suchowola*, Tykocin* (1950)
1 July 1952 created Siemiatycze County.
1954 the following Counties were created: hajnowski, łapy, moniecki, zambrow
Between 1954 and 1972, gromadas formed the lowest tier of local government in the voivodeship, taking over the role previously played by gminy. A gromada would generally consist of several villages, but they were smaller units than the gminy had been. In 1973 gminy were reintroduced and gromadas abolished.
1956 the following counties were created: dąbrowski (białostocki), sejneński
Administrative divisions
Województwo białostockie (1946)
Województwo białostockie
List of Counties in 1967:
City Counties: Białystok. (1)
Land Counties: Augustów, Białystok, Bielsk Podlaski, Dąbrowa Białostocka, Ełk, Gołdap, Grajewo, Hajnówka, Kolno, Łapy, Łomża, Mońki, Olecko, Sejny, Siemiatycze, Sokółka, Suwałki, Wysokie Mazowieckie, Zambrów. (19)
Adjacent voivodeships
The Voivodeship shares a border on the east with the Olsztyn Voivodeship, the southwest with the Warsaw Voivodeship, the south with the Lublin Voivodeship, the north with the RSFSR's Kaliningrad Oblast, the northeast with the Lithuanian SSR and the east with the Byelorussian SSR.
See also
Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Białystok Voivodeship (1975–1998)
References
Further reading
Brzostek, Agnieszka. Przyczynek do działalności Wojewódzkiej Rady Narodowej w Białymstoku w latach 1944–1950. Studia Podlaskie T. 15, 2005, pp. 187–202
Former voivodeships of Poland (1945–1975) |
Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid ( ; 1898 – 1920) was the tenth Emir of Jabal Shammar between 1908 and 1920.
An assassination attempt on him by his uncle and then emir Sultan bin Hammud, had failed when he was young. A boy of 10 when he was made emir, his grandmother, Fatima Al Zamil, and his maternal relatives of the Al Sabhan family ruled as regents on his behalf until 1914 based on the constitution. Saud defeated the forces of Ibn Saud in the battle of Jarrab on 24 January 1915. In the battle Ibn Saud's British companion Captain Shakespear was killed.
In 1920, he was assassinated by his cousin, Abdullah bin Talal. One of his widows remarried Ibn Saud: Fahda bint Asi bin Shuraim Al Shammari of the Abda section of the Shammar tribe became his ninth wife and the mother of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia.
References
External links
Al Rasheed on hukam.net, with pictures and flags.
20th-century murdered monarchs
20th-century rulers in Asia
1898 births
1920 deaths
House of Rashid |
Cardiocorax is an extinct genus of elasmosaurid known from the Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian stage) Mocuio Formation of Namibe Province, southern Angola. It contains a single species, Cardiocorax mukulu.
Discovery
Cardiocorax is known from the holotype MGUAN PA103 which consists of a complete pectoral and pelvic girdle, five neck and one back vertebrae, a partial forelimb including the humerus, radius bone, ulna and isolated phalanges, and several dorsal ribs. A second specimen was also referred to the species, MGAUN PA270, a more complete articulated pelvic girdle and a single hind limb. Both specimens are housed at the Museu de Geologia da Universidade Agostinho Neto in Luanda. The specimens were discovered at Bench 19 locality, about 7 meters from each other, in Bentiaba of the Namibe Province. They were collected from the Mocuio Formation of the Sāo Nicolau Group of Namibe Basin, dating to the early Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous, 71.40–71.64 million years ago. In 2017 Octávio Mateus found a complete skull and partial postcrania also attributed to Cardiocorax.
Cardiocorax was first named by Ricardo Araújo, Michael J. Polcyn, Anne S. Schulp, Octávio Mateus, Louis L. Jacobs, A. Olímpio Gonçalves and M.-L. Morais in 2015 and the type species is Cardiocorax mukulu. The generic name is derived from Latinised Greek Kardia, meaning "heart", plus corax, meaning "raven/crow" which is also the source of the name "coracoid", in reference to the heart-shaped fenestra between the coracoids which is unique to this genus. The specific name comes from the word mukulu in Angolan Bantu dialects, which means "ancestor".
Classification
Cardiocorax is a relatively distinctive elasmosaurid, possessing four unique traits, i.e. autapomorphies. Notably, it shows a reduced dorsal blade of the scapula, a feature unique among elasmosaurids, but convergent with the related cryptoclidid plesiosaurs. This trait indicates a longitudinal protraction-retraction limb cycle rowing style with simple pitch rotation at the glenohumeral articulation - a style unique to Cardiocorax. Araújo et al. (2015) tested the phylogenetic position of the genus using a modified version of Ketchum & Benson (2010) data-set, as well as a second data-set from Vincent et al. (2011) which was found to be consistent with the former. The cladogram below follows their results.
References
Elasmosaurids
Maastrichtian life
Late Cretaceous plesiosaurs
Plesiosaurs of Africa
Fossils of Angola
Fossil taxa described in 2015
Taxa named by Octávio Mateus
Sauropterygian genera |
Park Byung-ro (born 21 July 1962) is a South Korean alpine skier. He competed in three events at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
References
1962 births
Living people
South Korean male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for South Korea
Alpine skiers at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century South Korean people |
Whorl is the fourth studio album by Simian Mobile Disco, which was released on 9 September 2014 through Anti-.
Track listing
"Redshift" – 3:52
"Dandelion Spheres" – 3:33
"Sun Dogs" – 7:28
"Hypnick Jerk" – 6:02
"Dervish" – 5:49
"Z Space" – 4:36
"Nazard" – 5:12
"Calyx" – 7:19
"Jam Side Up" – 5:36
"Tangents" – 6:34
"Iron Henge" – 5:25
"Casiopeia" – 3:12
Charts
References
2014 albums
Anti- (record label) albums
Simian Mobile Disco albums |
The GVB (Golfvaardigheidsbewijs in Dutch, Brevet d´aptitude in French) or golf ability license is a standardised test and licensing process which players of the game of golf must go through in order to be allowed to play on many golf courses in Belgium or the Netherlands.
History
The GVB was introduced because there are few golf courses in relation to the number of golfers. Because there was no requirement previous to the GVB, anyone could play on a public course. This led to situations which were hazardous or undesirable to other players. In the 1980s the GVB was introduced (in Belgium in 1988) to remedy this problem. The GVB is basically a pre-handicap. It guarantees a certain level of ability and knowledge of the rules and etiquette. The GVB is required for entrance into a golfing association or to play on an official golfing association course although most clubs have their own admittance policy.
Some clubs and courses (like in a lot of other countries) demand a handicap certificate or certifiable level of play (i.e. handicap 24) for guests.
Level of play
In the Netherlands there are three types of level of play:
Baanpermissie (course permission): the local pro has determined that the player is good enough to go out on the local course (but only the local course).
Golfvaardigheidsbewijs (GVB): the player has taken a test and is deemed good enough to obtain the GVB. The player can play on any course where GVB is the minimal requirement.
Handicap: the player has taken the handicap exam and has played the required number of holes with a score deemed eligible for a handicap. The player can now play any course for which the handicap is the minimum requirement.
Many club players skip the GVB part and go straight to the handicap exam.
The GVB test
The test comprises a written portion and a practical portion. The written portion is twenty questions; five about etiquette, the other fifteen about the rules. The practical portion consists of playing four holes. The player's best three holes are counted; the player must score below 21 to pass the test.
Players are free to choose a course to take their test. Some clubs or courses offer a package deal where one attains a GVB after a weekend of workshops, learning and training.
It is not necessary for a player to be member of a club or course in the Netherlands to have a GVB or a handicap. The player can register with the Stichting Golfsport for a fee and the GVB or handicap will be maintained (even if it is not a Dutch GVB or handicap).
External links
Information about the GVB
NGF (Dutch Golf Federation) website
Royal Belgian Golf Federation website
Luxemburg Golf Federation website
References
Golf in the Netherlands
Golf in Belgium
Golf terminology |
Hoot or Hoots may refer to:
Publications
Hoot (novel), a young adult novel by Carl Hiaasen
Hoot, a 1996 children's novel by Jane Hissey
Hoot (comics), a British magazine published from 1985 to 1986
The Brandeis Hoot, a student newspaper at Brandeis University
Film and TV
Hoot (film), a 2006 film based on the Carl Hiaasen novel
Hoots the Owl, a Sesame Street Muppet
"Hoots" (Adventure Time), a television episode
Hoot an Owl character on the Australian children's television show Giggle and Hoot
Music
Hoot (EP), a 2010 mini-album by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation
"Hoot" (song), a song by Girls' Generation from the mini-album
As a nickname
Hoot Evers (1921–1991), American Major League Baseball player
Hoot Gibson (disambiguation), various people
Hoot Hester (1951–2016), American country and bluegrass musician
Hoot Sackett, American baseball head coach at Oklahoma State University in 1920–1921
Other uses
A vocalization made by some species of owl
Hoot, Texas, United States, an unincorporated community
Hoot (torpedo), an Iranian weapon in service since 2006
Heart of Ohio Tole (HOOT) a regional chapter of the Society of Decorative Painters
See also
Hooty, a character from the Disney Channel animated series The Owl House
Nicknames |
Brick House, also known as Woodlands, is a historic plantation house located at White Plains, Brunswick County, Virginia. It was built about 1831–1833, and began as a two-story, brick I-house. It was remodeled in 1860, with the addition of the massive hexastyle portico covering the entire front facade. Also on the property is a contributing 19th-century outbuilding connected to the main house by a covered walkway.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
References
Plantation houses in Virginia
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Houses completed in 1860
Houses in Brunswick County, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Brunswick County, Virginia |
Tempest Feud is an adventure written by Jeff Grubb and Owen K.C. Stephens for the d20 System version of the Star Wars Roleplaying Game. It was published by Wizards of the Coast in March 2002 for the original edition of the game, two months before the revised edition was released. The adventure revolves around various dealings with the Hutts and consists of three acts.
Tempest Feud is suitable for any era of the Star Wars Roleplaying Game and intended for 9th-level characters. Playing through the three acts of the adventure takes roughly twelve sessions according to the book, and more if the two intermissions are given focus as well. Tempest Feud is the first adventure published for the Star Wars Roleplaying Game. The adventure's storyline is adapted to fit in any era—except for the Yuuzhan Vong invasion in the New Jedi Order era—and doesn't conflict with any of the movies, making it very flexible. In addition, the book contains several sidebars providing contingency plans for dealing with unexpected storyline twists.
Plot summary
Note: The following summary is not a definite description of how the adventure may play out, but rather the path most supported in the Tempest Feud book.
Act One
Regardless of which era the adventure is set in, the heroes are hired by the Hutt Popara of the Anjiliac clan to locate and retrieve his son Mika, who has gone missing. They are either offered the highly sought-after coordinates through the Indrexu Spiral in the Tion Cluster if they work for an organization or a financial reward if they are freelancers. Mika went missing after the planet Endregaad was quarantined by the Corporate Sector Authority following the outbreak of a lethal plague, and has not been heard from since.
The heroes are granted a ship and travel to Endregaad with a shipment of medicinal spice to show Popara’s goodwill toward the Corporate Sector Authority. Upon reaching the Joxin system, where Endregaad is located, the heroes deliver the spice to Lieutenant Commander Angela Krin of the Corporate Sector Authority, but are not allowed to land on the planet. Despite this, they run the blockade and hide their ship on Endregaad. In the planet's capital, Tel Bollin, they learn that a new type of spice called tempest is being sold across the planet. Tempest makes its users fly into berserker rages and is highly addictive. They also meet Orgamon, one of Mika's Nikto bodyguards, who informs them that the Hutt can be found north of the city, in a place called Temple Valley.
The heroes travel to Temple Valley with a caravan of Humans and reach the small community to find that Mika is further to the north, examining a freighter that crashed a matter of weeks ago. Arriving at the scene, the heroes find the lost Hutt and are soon attacked by raiders searching for tempest spice. After defeating their attackers, the heroes run the blockade yet again, and return with Mika to his father, to Popara's great joy and gratitude.
Act Two
A couple of months after the events in Act One, the heroes are invited to a dinner in Popara’s home on Nar Shaddaa to discuss a few "loose ends" from their adventure on Endregaad. At the banquet, Popara the Hutt asks the heroes to investigate the rising number of tempest addicts in Hutt Space. Popara is later killed from food poisoning as the heroes are talking to him. They are accused of killing the Hutt and escape into the lower levels of Nar Shaddaa. Mika vanishes and Popara's other son, Zonnos, takes over the clan.
In a cantina on Nar Shaddaa, the heroes find Mika and join up with him, and he takes them to see a contact of his—Angela Krin of the Corporate Sector Authority, whom they met in Act One. She has provided them with a cargo skiff to help in their escape from Nar Shaddaa. They are also contacted by Vago the Hutt, Popara's assistant, who doesn’t believe that they killed Popara, and offers them a ship to leave the planet with. When they enter the docking bay, they are attacked by Zonnos's guards. Mika and a couple of the heroes are captured and brought to Zonnos. The remaining heroes manage to escape with the Evocii, a species living in the depths of Nar Shaddaa.
A while later, they find out via a holorecording that their companions are about to be executed, and hurry to Popara’s former home to rescue them. They find that Zonnos is addicted to tempest and fight him and his guards, resulting in the death of Zonnos and the freeing of their companions. Meanwhile, Mika has used his secret Force powers to escape his cell. With Zonnos dead, Mika takes over the clan and thanks the heroes for their help.
Act Three
Between acts two and three, tempest has spread to all corners of the galaxy and begun corrupting entire urban populations. Roughly two months after the death of Zonnos, the heroes are contacted by Angela Krin, who has found that the Endregaad Plague is very similar to a virus native to Varl, the Hutt homeworld. In addition, if exposed to common spice, the Varl virus turns into tempest spice. Krin suspects that the tempest spice is manufactured on Varl and wants the heroes to investigate the matter for her. She informs the heroes that a ship called Barabi Run is used for spice shipment to Varl. Krin wants the heroes to capture it and find the tempest's manufacturing plant so that they can destroy it.
The heroes capture Barabi Run and find out that the manufacturing plant is on Varl. They travel in secret to that planet and locate the plant, which is fact a starship named "Tempest". They manage to rescue Vago the Hutt, who has a neural scrambler attached to the back of his head by Mika. The neural scrambler forces him to obey the commands given to him by one of Popara's Twi'lek Force adepts, who now serves Mika. They proceed to the ship's bridge to find Mika, who explains that he was the mastermind behind the tempest spice all along. The heroes defeat Mika and his guards as Tempest takes off for a hyperspace jump. Assisted by a couple of their companions left behind to guard the heroes' ship, they manage to destroy the tempest manufacturing ship before it leaves the system, while the heroes on Tempest escape in escape pods.
Vago the Hutt, free from Mika's captivity, now takes over Popara's former clan himself and thanks the heroes for their help.
Trivia
Co-author Jeff Grubb said in the online interview "Hutts Are Fun!" that one of his nieces is an expert on Hutts, and particularly knowledgeable about Zorba the Hutt, the father of Jabba the Hutt.
Additionally, co-author Owen K.C. Stephens said in the online interview "An Interview That You Can't Refuse" that he researched real-world organized crime in order to flesh out the Hutt clans featured in Tempest Feud. The Mafia in particular was a source of inspiration on how to describe Hutt organizations.
One of the proposed titles for Tempest Feud was A Night on Nar Shaddaa, which ended up being slightly modified and used as the name of the adventure's second act, "Night on Nar Shaddaa."
See also
Star Wars Roleplaying Game (Wizards of the Coast)
Reviews
Pyramid
References
External links
Official Star Wars Roleplaying Game website
"Hutts Are Fun!" interview with Jeff Grubb
"An Interview You Can't Refuse" interview with Owen K.C. Stephens
Official Tempest Feud art gallery
References
Role-playing game supplements introduced in 2002
Science fiction role-playing game adventures |
Horseshoe Canyon may refer to:
Horseshoe Canyon (Alberta) a canyon in Alberta, Canada
Horseshoe Canyon Formation, a stratigraphical unit in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Horseshoe Canyon (Chiricahua Mountains), a canyon in Cochise County, Arizona, United States
Horseshoe Canyon (Emery and Wayne counties, Utah) in southern Utah, United States |
Bier Hoi Brewing Company produces lager-style beer in Vietnam for export to foreign markets, notably Australia.
The company first produced beer for the Woolworths Group in 330 mL cans (4.3% ABV). It currently produces 500 mL "Tall Boy" cans (4.5% ABV) for the Coles Group.
The company describes its product as "an authentic crisp flavor and mild hop bitterness; a truly refreshing ale with a delicate taste." The packaging designer said he was asked to design a "product to evoke the feeling of a typical Vietnamese bar you might find in Saigon."
References
Vie
Alcohol in Vietnam
Beer brands
Vie
Beer in Vietnam
Breweries
Vietnamese alcoholic drinks
Vietnamese brands
Vietnamese cuisine |
Patrick Donald Rayfield OBE (born 12 February 1942, Oxford) is an English academic and Emeritus Professor of Russian and Georgian at Queen Mary University of London. He is an author of books about Russian and Georgian literature, and about Joseph Stalin and his secret police. He is also a series editor for books about Russian writers and intelligentsia. He has translated Georgian, Russian and Uzbek poets and prose writers.
Bibliography
Dream of Lhasa: The Life of Nikolay Przhevalsky (1976)
The Cherry Orchard: Catastrophe and Comedy (1994)
Anton Chekhov: A Life (1997) (and several other reprints)
Understanding Chekhov: A Critical Study of Chekhov's Prose and Drama (1999)
The Garnett Book of Russian Verse (2000)
The Literature of Georgia: A History (2000)
Stalin and His Hangmen (2004) (and several other reprints)
A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary (2006)
Chekhov's Uncle Vanya and the Wood Demon (2007)
Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia (2012)
Translations from Russian
Dead Souls, translation of Gogol's 1842 novel (2008; 2012)
Kolyma Stories, translation of Varlam Shalamov's stories (Vol. 1, 2018; Vol. 2, 2020)
Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk: Selected Stories of Nikolai Leskov (2020)
Translations from Georgian
A Man Was Going Down the Road - Otar Chiladze (2012)
Avelum - Otar Chiladze (2013) ASIN B00DG9QLZ0
The Story of My Life - Akaki Tsereteli (2013) ASIN B00COQSC7Q
Kvachi Kvachantiradze - Mikheil Javakhishvili (2015)
Unveiling Vazha Pshavela - Vazha Pshavela, Ana Kordzaia-Samadashvili, edited by Andro Semeiko (2019)
Translations from Uzbek
The Devils' Dance - Hamid Ismailov (2018) - with poetry translated by John Farndon
Manaschi - Hamid Ismailov (2021)
References
"A Man was Going Down the Road"
1942 births
Living people
Linguists from the United Kingdom
Kartvelian studies scholars
Academics of Queen Mary University of London
Translators from Georgian
Historians of Georgia (country)
Georgian–English translators |
```objective-c
/* Three-level bitmap lookup.
Written by Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>, 2000-2002.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url */
static inline int bitmap_lookup (const void *table, ucs4_t uc);
/* These values are currently hardcoded into gen-ctype.c. */
#define header_0 16
#define header_2 9
#define header_3 127
#define header_4 15
static inline int
bitmap_lookup (const void *table, ucs4_t uc)
{
unsigned int index1 = uc >> header_0;
if (index1 < ((const int *) table)[0])
{
int lookup1 = ((const int *) table)[1 + index1];
if (lookup1 >= 0)
{
unsigned int index2 = (uc >> header_2) & header_3;
int lookup2 = ((const short *) table)[lookup1 + index2];
if (lookup2 >= 0)
{
unsigned int index3 = (uc >> 5) & header_4;
unsigned int lookup3 = ((const int *) table)[lookup2 + index3];
return (lookup3 >> (uc & 0x1f)) & 1;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
``` |
```python
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
import time
import unittest
import numpy as np
from dygraph_to_static_utils import (
Dy2StTestBase,
enable_to_static_guard,
test_default_and_pir,
)
from test_resnet import SEED, ResNet, optimizer_setting
import paddle
from paddle.base import core
# NOTE: Reduce batch_size from 8 to 2 to avoid unittest timeout.
batch_size = 2
epoch_num = 1
place = (
paddle.CUDAPlace(0) if paddle.is_compiled_with_cuda() else paddle.CPUPlace()
)
if paddle.is_compiled_with_cuda():
paddle.set_flags({'FLAGS_cudnn_deterministic': True})
def train(build_strategy=None):
"""
Tests model decorated by `dygraph_to_static_output` in static graph mode. For users, the model is defined in dygraph mode and trained in static graph mode.
"""
np.random.seed(SEED)
paddle.seed(SEED)
paddle.framework.random._manual_program_seed(SEED)
resnet = paddle.jit.to_static(ResNet(), build_strategy=build_strategy)
optimizer = optimizer_setting(parameter_list=resnet.parameters())
scaler = paddle.amp.GradScaler(init_loss_scaling=1024)
for epoch in range(epoch_num):
total_loss = 0.0
total_acc1 = 0.0
total_acc5 = 0.0
total_sample = 0
for batch_id in range(100):
start_time = time.time()
img = paddle.to_tensor(
np.random.random([batch_size, 3, 224, 224]).astype('float32')
)
label = paddle.to_tensor(
np.random.randint(0, 100, [batch_size, 1], dtype='int64')
)
img.stop_gradient = True
label.stop_gradient = True
with paddle.amp.auto_cast():
pred = resnet(img)
# FIXME(Aurelius84): The following cross_entropy seems to bring out a
# precision problem, need to figure out the underlying reason.
# If we remove it, the loss between dygraph and dy2stat is exactly same.
loss = paddle.nn.functional.cross_entropy(
input=pred,
label=label,
reduction='none',
use_softmax=False,
)
avg_loss = paddle.mean(x=pred)
acc_top1 = paddle.static.accuracy(input=pred, label=label, k=1)
acc_top5 = paddle.static.accuracy(input=pred, label=label, k=5)
scaled = scaler.scale(avg_loss)
scaled.backward()
scaler.minimize(optimizer, scaled)
resnet.clear_gradients()
total_loss += avg_loss
total_acc1 += acc_top1
total_acc5 += acc_top5
total_sample += 1
end_time = time.time()
if batch_id % 2 == 0:
print(
"epoch %d | batch step %d, loss %0.3f, acc1 %0.3f, acc5 %0.3f, time %f"
% (
epoch,
batch_id,
total_loss.numpy() / total_sample,
total_acc1.numpy() / total_sample,
total_acc5.numpy() / total_sample,
end_time - start_time,
)
)
if batch_id == 10:
break
return total_loss.numpy()
class TestResnet(Dy2StTestBase):
def train(self, to_static: bool):
with enable_to_static_guard(to_static):
return train()
@test_default_and_pir
def test_resnet(self):
static_loss = self.train(to_static=True)
dygraph_loss = self.train(to_static=False)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
static_loss,
dygraph_loss,
rtol=1e-05,
err_msg=f'static_loss: {static_loss} \n dygraph_loss: {dygraph_loss}',
)
@test_default_and_pir
def test_resnet_composite(self):
core._set_prim_backward_enabled(True)
static_loss = self.train(to_static=True)
core._set_prim_backward_enabled(False)
dygraph_loss = self.train(to_static=False)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
static_loss,
dygraph_loss,
rtol=1e-05,
err_msg=f'static_loss: {static_loss} \n dygraph_loss: {dygraph_loss}',
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
``` |
Jonathan Stark won in the final 6–4, 6–4 against Michael Chang.
Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.
Michael Chang (final)
Richard Krajicek (quarterfinals)
Paul Haarhuis (first round)
Mark Woodforde (second round)
Todd Woodbridge (first round)
Sjeng Schalken (second round)
Byron Black (second round)
Hendrik Dreekmann (first round)
Draw
References
1996 Singapore Open Draw
Singapore Open (men's tennis)
1996 ATP Tour
1996 in Singaporean sport |
Consort Xiang (9 February 1808 – 15 February 1861), of the Manchu Niohuru clan, was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor. She was 26 years his junior and of the same age as his eldest son Prince Yiwei.
Life
Family background
Consort Xiang's personal name was not recorded in history.
Father: Jiufu (), served as a fifth rank literary official ()
Paternal grandfather: Suoning'an (索宁安), Hengde's son (恒德)
Paternal uncle: Jiuxiu (久秀)
Mother: Lady Fuca (1770-?)
Maternal grandfather: Muqing'an (穆青安), Fuliang's son and Maci's grandson
Five brothers
One elder sister : wife of Aisin-Gioro Xiubao (秀保)
Jiaqing era
The future Consort Xiang was born on the 13th day of the first lunar month in the 13th year of the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor, which translates to 9 February 1808 in the Gregorian calendar.
Daoguang era
In 1821, Lady Niohuru entered the Forbidden City and was granted the title "Noble Lady Xiang" by the Daoguang Emperor. On 26 December 1823, she was elevated to "Concubine Xiang". On 2 March 1825, she gave birth to the emperor's second daughter, who would die prematurely on 27 August 1825.
On 30 May 1825, Lady Niohuru was elevated to "Consort Xiang". She gave birth on 15 November 1829 to the emperor's fifth daughter, Princess Shouzang of the Second Rank, and on 23 July 1831 to his fifth son, Yicong.
Even though Lady Niohuru and the Daoguang Emperor had three children, the emperor did not seem to favour her. In 1837, he demoted her to "Noble Lady Xiang" for reasons unknown. Lady Niohuru's father, Jiufu, was found guilty of corruption just before her demotion, but official records did not seem to point out any connection between her father's indictment and her demotion.
Xianfeng era
The Daoguang Emperor died on 26 February 1850 and was succeeded by his fourth son Yizhu, who was enthroned as the Xianfeng Emperor. The Xianfeng Emperor elevated Lady Niohuru to "Dowager Concubine Xiang". She died on 15 February 1861 and was interred in the Mu Mausoleum of the Western Qing tombs.
Titles
During the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796–1820):
Lady Niohuru (from 9 February 1808)
During the reign of the Daoguang Emperor (r. 1820–1850):
Noble Lady Xiang (; from 1821), sixth rank consort
Concubine Xiang (; from 26 December 1823), fifth rank consort
Consort Xiang (; from 30 May 1825), fourth rank consort
Noble Lady Xiang (; from 1837), sixth rank consort
During the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861):
Concubine Xiang (; from 16 April 1851), fifth rank consort
During the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861–1875):
Consort Xiang (; from 23 November 1861), fourth rank consort
Issue
As Concubine Xiang:
The Daoguang Emperor's second daughter (2 March 1825 – 27 August 1825)
As Consort Xiang:
Princess Shouzang of the Second Rank (; 15 November 1829 – 9 August 1856), the Daoguang Emperor's fifth daughter
Married Enchong (; d. 1864) of the Manchu Namdulu () clan on 3 January 1843
Yicong (; 23 July 1831 – 18 February 1889), the Daoguang Emperor's fifth son, granted the title Prince Dun of the Second Rank in 1838, elevated to Prince Dun of the First Rank in 1860, posthumously honoured as Prince Dunqin of the First Rank
Gallery
In fiction and popular culture
Portrayed by Kingdom Yuen in The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty (1988)
Portrayed by Charmaine Li in Curse of the Royal Harem (2011)
See also
Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing
Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
Notes
References
1808 births
1861 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Consorts of the Daoguang Emperor
Manchu people |
The 2012 Major League Soccer season was the 100th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer in the United States and Canada, the 34th with a national first-division league, and the 17th season of Major League Soccer.
The regular season began on March 10, when the Vancouver Whitecaps FC defeated the expansion team Montreal Impact 2–0 at BC Place, and concluded with the host Los Angeles Galaxy defeating the Seattle Sounders FC 1–0 on October 28 at The Home Depot Center. The season also featured the 2012 MLS All-Star Game on July 28, when MLS All-Stars defeated the Chelsea 3–2 at PPL Park (hosted by the Philadelphia Union). The San Jose Earthquakes would go on to become the Supporters' Shield champions by earning the most points of any team throughout the regular season. The 2012 MLS Cup Playoffs ran from October 31 until December 1, when the Los Angeles Galaxy claimed their fourth MLS Cup title by defeating Houston Dynamo 3–1 in MLS Cup 2012 at Home Depot Center in Carson, CA.
Changes from 2011
The 2012 MLS season features several significant on- and off-field changes from 2011:
The Montreal Impact became the 19th MLS franchise, replacing a same-named Montreal club that previously played in the North American Soccer League in 2011 and in the USL First Division before that. The Impact made their on-field debut on March 10 in a 2–0 loss at Vancouver. The Impact's home debut, a 1–1 draw with the Chicago Fire on March 17, attracted 58,912 to Olympic Stadium, setting the all-time record crowd for professional soccer in Montreal. A 1–1 draw with the Los Angeles Galaxy on May 12 attracted 60,860, setting the all-time attendance record for professional soccer in Canada.
The Impact joined MLS as the 10th team in the Eastern Conference; the Western Conference remains at 9 teams.
Each of the 19 teams plays a 34-game regular season schedule, one that employs a new unbalanced format that gives greater emphasis on in-conference matchups.
Western Conference clubs will play each conference rival three times, and play once against each Eastern Conference club.
Eastern Conference clubs will play seven of their conference rivals three times, the remaining two conference rivals twice, and each Western Conference club once.
The span of the regular season will be the longest in MLS history, beginning with 5 matches on March 10 and ending with 3 matches on October 28.
A change to the Designated Player Rule regarding international players took effect with the start of the 2012 season. The salary cap charge for international designated players (i.e., players not from the U.S. or Canada) will depend on the players' ages:
age 20 and younger: $150,000
ages 21 to 23: $200,000
over 23 years of age: $350,000
The league gained a new U.S. TV partner in NBC Sports, whose 3-year deal was announced in August 2011 (replacing expired deals with Fox Soccer and Fox Deportes) and began on March 11 with an NBC Sports Network broadcast of the New York Red Bulls/FC Dallas match. As part of the deal, NBC Sports Network will air 38 regular season and 3 playoff matches, while the main NBC network will air 3 regular season and 2 playoff matches (the first time since 2002 that that many MLS games will be broadcast on English-language network television). NBC and NBCSN will also air United States men's national soccer team matches (2 on each network). Previous deals with U.S. partners ESPN, ESPN2, ESPN Deportes, and Galavisión continue in 2012, as do deals with Canadian partners TSN, TSN2, and GolTV.
The MLS Cup Playoffs setup will undergo several changes, as will the Championship Game, which will be played on its latest date ever, December 1. (see MLS Cup below)
Teams, stadiums, and personnel
Stadiums and locations
Personnel and sponsorship
Five MLS teams saw changes in jersey sponsorship for the 2012 season:
Bank of Montreal became the first shirt sponsor for the Montreal Impact.
The Chicago Fire, who went without a jersey sponsor in 2011, gained one in Quaker Oats Company.
The Columbus Crew, who also did not have a 2011 jersey sponsor, gained sponsorship from Barbasol.
Amway Global declined to renew its sponsorship of the San Jose Earthquakes, which has yet to find a replacement.
On June 27, it was announced that AdvoCare had reached an agreement with FC Dallas to become the first shirt sponsor in club history.
Note: All teams use Adidas as kit manufacturer.
Player transfers
Major League Soccer employs no fewer than 12 methods to acquire players. These include: signing players on transfers/free transfers as is done in most of the world; via trades; drafting players through mechanisms such as the MLS SuperDraft, MLS Supplemental Draft, or MLS Re-Entry Draft; rarely used methods which cover extreme hardship and injury replacement; signing players as Designated Players or Homegrown Players; placing a discovery claim on players; waivers; and methods peculiar to MLS such as through allocation or a weighted lottery.
Allocation ranking
The allocation ranking is the mechanism used to determine which MLS club has first priority to acquire a U.S. National Team player who signs with MLS after playing abroad, or a former MLS player who returns to the League after having gone to a club abroad for a transfer fee. The allocation rankings may also be used in the event two or more clubs file a request for the same player on the same day. The allocations will be ranked in reverse order of finish for the 2011 season, taking playoff performance into account.
Once the club uses its allocation ranking to acquire a player, it drops to the bottom of the list. A ranking can be traded, provided that part of the compensation received in return is another club's ranking. At all times, each club is assigned one ranking. The rankings reset at the end of each MLS League season.
Montreal immediately traded Johnson to Seattle in exchange for Mike Fucito and Lamar Neagle.
Vancouver originally had the No. 2 ranking, but traded it to Philadelphia on June 26.
∞Toronto originally had the No. 4 ranking, but traded it to Seattle on September 14.
The remaining order after FC Dallas is: Vancouver Whitecaps FC (from Philadelphia), Toronto FC (from Seattle), Sporting Kansas City, Real Salt Lake, Houston Dynamo and Los Angeles Galaxy. In the unlikely event that all clubs use an allocation, the order begins anew with Montreal Impact, Colorado Rapids, Philadelphia Union, New York Red Bulls New England Revolution and Seattle Sounders FC.
Weighted lottery
Some players are assigned to MLS teams via a weighted lottery process. A team can only acquire one player per year through a weighted lottery. The players made available through lotteries include: (i) Generation adidas players signed after the MLS SuperDraft; and (ii) Draft eligible players to whom an MLS contract was offered but who failed to sign with the League prior to the SuperDraft.
The team with the worst record over its last 30 regular season games (dating back to previous season if necessary and taking playoff performance into account) will have the greatest probability of winning the lottery. Teams are not required to participate in a lottery. Players are assigned via the lottery system in order to prevent a player from potentially influencing his destination club with a strategic holdout.
The results of 2012 weighted lotteries thus far:
Ownership changes
Regular season standings
Conferences
Eastern Conference
Western Conference
Overall table
Note: the table below has no impact on playoff qualification and is used solely for determining host of the MLS Cup, certain CCL spots, seeding in the 2013 Canadian Championship, and 2013 MLS draft. The conference tables are the sole determinant for teams qualifying for the playoffs.
Tiebreak rules
When two or more teams are tied in standings on points the following tiebreak rules apply:
Goals for
Goal differential
Fewest disciplinary points in the official points table (foul - 1 pt, first yellow - 3 pts, second yellow - 5 pts, straight red - 6 pts, disciplinary commission suspension - 6 pts, etc.)
Road goals
Road goal differential
Coin toss (2 teams) or drawing of lots (3 or more teams)
Playoff bracket
Statistical leaders
Full article: MLS Golden Boot
Top scorers
Source:
Top assists
Source:
|}
Top goalkeepers
(Minimum of 1,500 minutes played)
Source:
Individual awards
Monthly awards
Weekly awards
Scoring
First goal of the season: Sébastien Le Toux for Vancouver Whitecaps FC against Montreal Impact, 3 minutes 1 second (March 10, 2012)
Hat-tricks of the season:
David Estrada for Seattle Sounders FC against Toronto FC (March 17, 2012)
Thierry Henry for New York Red Bulls against Montreal Impact (March 31, 2012)
Chris Pontius for D.C. United against New York Red Bulls (April 22, 2012)
Álvaro Saborío for Real Salt Lake against Portland Timbers (July 7, 2012)
Chris Wondolowski for San Jose Earthquakes against Real Salt Lake (July 14, 2012)
Fredy Montero for Seattle Sounders FC against Chivas USA (August 25, 2012)
Álvaro Saborío for Real Salt Lake against Chivas USA (September 29, 2012)
Chris Wondolowski for San Jose Earthquakes against Colorado Rapids (October 6, 2012)
Fastest hat-trick of the season:
Álvaro Saborío for Real Salt Lake against Portland Timbers, 16 minutes and 8 seconds (July 7, 2012)
Discipline
First yellow card of the season: Milovan Mirošević for Columbus Crew against Colorado Rapids, 40 minutes (March 10, 2012)
First red card of the season: Stephen McCarthy for New England Revolution against Sporting Kansas City, 14 minutes (March 17, 2012)
Related competitions
International competitions and friendlies
CONCACAF Champions League
Prior to the start of the MLS regular season, Toronto FC defeated Los Angeles Galaxy while Mexican side Santos Laguna defeated Seattle Sounders FC in two of the 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League quarterfinal series. Toronto FC then lost 3–7 on aggregate in the semifinal with Santos Laguna.
In the 2012–13 CCL, Los Angeles Galaxy, Seattle Sounders, Houston Dynamo and Real Salt Lake earned group stage spots (the preliminary round has been eliminated). The Canadian representative, determined by the 2012 Canadian Championship, was Toronto FC.
At the end of the groups stages, the Los Angeles Galaxy, Seattle Sounders, and Houston Dynamo qualified for the quarterfinals, which will be played in March 2013.
MLS All-Star Game
The 2012 MLS All-Star Game was played on July 25 at PPL Park in Chester, Pennsylvania, home stadium of the Philadelphia Union. As has been the format every year since 2005, the MLS All-Stars played an international club; the 2012 opponent was England's Chelsea FC, 2012 champions of both the FA Cup and UEFA Champions League and visiting side in the 2006 MLS All-Star Game (when they lost to the All-Stars, 1–0, at Toyota Park in Bridgeview, Illinois). The MLS All-Stars won the game 3–2.
Domestic competitions
Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup
For the 2012 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup tournament, U.S. Soccer has increased the size of the main tournament from 40 to 64 clubs, assembling the competition so that all U.S.-based Major League Soccer clubs gain entry. On August 8, 2012, Sporting Kansas City defeated the Seattle Sounders on penalties to win the franchise's second open cup title.
Canadian Championship
The three Canadian-based MLS clubs, Toronto FC, Montreal Impact and Vancouver Whitecaps FC, along with NASL club FC Edmonton, competed for the Voyageurs Cup, Canada's national championship trophy. The tournament is organized in a knockout format with two-legged ties in both the semifinals and final, with the away goals rule in place. Toronto defeated Vancouver in the finals, their fourth consecutive national championship, and qualified for the 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League.
League Competitions
MLS Cup
The MLS Cup playoffs took place after the conclusion of the regular season. For 2012, the playoff structure underwent several changes:
The playoffs will no longer feature wild cards and the possibility of "crossovers" (i.e. teams from opposite conferences playing in the early rounds). Instead, the top five clubs in each conference's standings will qualify for the playoffs and will play in the following manner:
The 4th place team will host the 5th place team in a single "play-in" match, with the winner advancing to the conference semifinals.
The Conference Semifinals will again be a two-game aggregate goal setup as before (with extra time and penalty kicks employed if the aggregate is level after 180 minutes). The 1st place team will play the winner of the 4th/5th game, while the 2nd and 3rd place teams play each other. The lower-seeded team will host the first leg of each semifinal.
The semifinal winners will play each other in the Conference Finals, which will be altered to a two-game aggregate series patterned after the semifinal round (before this year, this round was a single-game format).
The Conference Final winners will advance to the MLS Cup Championship Game, which for the first time will be played at the home stadium of the finalist with the better regular season point total; before this season, the game was played at a predetermined site.
Coaches
Eastern Conference
Chicago Fire: Frank Klopas
Columbus Crew: Robert Warzycha
D.C. United: Ben Olsen
Houston Dynamo: Dominic Kinnear
Montreal Impact: Jesse Marsch
New England Revolution: Jay Heaps
New York Red Bulls: Hans Backe
Philadelphia Union: Peter Nowak and John Hackworth
Sporting Kansas City: Peter Vermes
Toronto FC: Paul Mariner
Western Conference
Chivas USA: Robin Fraser
Colorado Rapids: Óscar Pareja
FC Dallas: Schellas Hyndman
Los Angeles Galaxy: Bruce Arena
Portland Timbers: John Spencer and Gavin Wilkinson
Real Salt Lake: Jason Kreis
San Jose Earthquakes: Frank Yallop
Seattle Sounders FC: Sigi Schmid
Vancouver Whitecaps FC: Martin Rennie
Notes
References
2012
1 |
Kinpachi Yoshimura (born 20 March 1952) is a Japanese professional golfer.
Yoshimura played on the Japan Golf Tour, winning four times.
Professional wins (5)
PGA of Japan Tour wins (4)
PGA of Japan Tour playoff record (1–1)
Other wins (1)
1995 Kyushu Open
External links
Japanese male golfers
Japan Golf Tour golfers
Sportspeople from Kōchi Prefecture
1952 births
Living people |
Rykers Solomon (born October 4, 1965) is a Nauruan politician.
Parliamentary role
Solomon was elected to parliament in the 2007 general elections, gaining the seat of Dogabe Jeremiah. He has been re-elected in the 2008 polls. He was defeated for re-election in 2013.
Parliamentary constituency
He represented Meneng in the Parliament of Nauru.
Background
Solomon is a close relative of weightlifter and Olympian participant Reanna Solomon.
See also
Politics of Nauru
Elections in Nauru
2008 Nauruan parliamentary election
References
Members of the Parliament of Nauru
1965 births
Living people
People from Meneng District
Environment ministers of Nauru
21st-century Nauruan politicians |
Baitullah Mehsud (Pashto/; – 5 August 2009) was one of the founders and a leading member of the TTP in Waziristan, Pakistan, and the leader of the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). He formed the TTP from an alliance of about five militant groups in December 2007. He is thought by U.S. military analysts to have commanded up to 5,000 fighters and to have been behind numerous attacks in Pakistan including the assassination of Benazir Bhutto which he and others have denied.
Disagreement exists over the exact date of the militant's death. Pakistani security officials initially announced that Baitullah Mehsud and his wife were killed on 5 August 2009 in a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency drone attack in the Zangar area of South Waziristan. Interior Minister Rehman Malik delayed giving official confirmation and asked for patience and an announcement by Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) or other agencies. Kafayat Ullah, a TTP source, also announced the death of the militant in the strike, as did his deputy Faqir Mohammed. Later Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan commander Hakimullah Mehsud denied previous TTP announcements and said Mehsud was in good health. Major General Athar Abbas, ISPR spokesman, and Robert Gibbs of the White House said his death could not be confirmed, U.S. National Security Adviser James L. Jones also claimed that there was "pretty conclusive" evidence that proved Baitullah Mehsud had been killed and that he was 90% sure of it. On 23 August 2009, Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali-ur-Rehman telephoned the BBC to say that Baitullah Mehsud had died on 23 August 2009 due to injuries sustained during the 5 August attack. On 30 September 2009, the BBC received a video that showed the body of Mehsud.
Syed Saleem Shahzad, writing in the Asia Times, described Baitullah Mehsud as a physically small man, with diabetes.
Background
Early life
Baitullah Mehsud was born in 1970 in the Landi Dhok village in the Bannu District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, which lies some distance from the Mehsud tribe's base in the South Waziristan Agency, his native village there being Dwatoi in the Ladha Subdivision, his father having moved to Bannu for work. An ethnic Pashtun, he hailed from the Broomi Khel side of the Shabi Khel sub-clan of the Mehsud tribe, and was one of five brothers.
He avoided media attention and refused to be photographed in adherence with his religious beliefs. Even if it's generally said that he did not attend schooling or religious madrassa, other sources say he did get early education in Bannu and also got further education in Punjab, while during his student days he was affiliated with the Jamiat Tulaba-e-Islam (JTI), the student wing of Maulana Fazlur Rahman’s religious party Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) (JUI-F), and in 1996 went to Afghanistan in order to fight the Northern Alliance with the Taliban and with Jalaluddin Haqqani as mentor.
He emerged as a major tribal leader soon after the 2004 death of Nek Mohammad. In a ceremony attended by five leading Taliban commanders, including Mullah Dadullah, Baitullah was appointed Mullah Omar's governor of the Mehsud area.
Leadership dispute
After Nek Muhammad's death, Abdullah Mehsud and Baitullah Mehsud both vied for dominance of the Pakistani Taliban. When Abdullah died in a raid by Pakistani security forces and later his successor perished in a bomb explosion, Qari Zain and other members of Abdullah's faction suspected that Baitullah played a role in the attacks. The rivalry continued after Zainuddin obtained leadership of Abdullah's group.
Relationship with Abdullah Mehsud
Abdullah Mehsud, a Taliban leader who was among the first captives set free from Guantanamo, has been described as Baitullah's brother.
Other sources have asserted that they were clansmen or merely associates.
Islam Online reports that Baitullah suspected that Abdullah was a double agent.
2005 ceasefire agreement
Mehsud entered into a ceasefire with Pakistani authorities on 8 February 2005.
During the meeting at Sara rogha, the Pakistani military agreed to withdraw its troops from areas under Baitullah's control. The removal did not include the paramilitary Frontier Corps, consisting mostly of fellow Pashtuns. In exchange, Baitullah's followers would not attack government officials, impede development projects or allow foreign militants to operate within their territory. Mehsud was offered US$20 million for his cooperation in the ceasefire. He declined the money and told Pakistani authorities that they should use the pay-out to "compensate families who had suffered during the military operation". The ceasefire agreement ended in July 2005 when after accusing the government of reneging on the deal, Baitullah resumed attacks on security forces.
2006–2007
By 2006, Baitullah Mehsud's growing influence in South Waziristan led terrorism analysts to label him as "South Waziristan's Unofficial Amir".
An official in Frontier Constabulary described his army:
In June 2006 Taliban-aligned Waziri tribes began negotiating another ceasefire with Pakistani forces.
In a January 2007 interview with the BBC Urdu Service, Baitullah extolled the virtues of jihad against foreigners and advocated taking the fight to the U.S. and to Britain.
After the siege of Lal Masjid in July Baitullah turned his forces against the Pakistani state.
In December 2007, Mehsud was declared the first leader of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.
2008 ceasefire
In February 2008, Mehsud announced that he had agreed to another ceasefire with the government of Pakistan although the Pakistani military claimed that operations against Mehsud's forces continued. The New York Times, however, reported that anonymous high-level officials in the Pakistani government confirmed the deal. In April Baitullah circulated a pamphlet that ordered his followers not to undertake any attacks inside Pakistan due to ongoing peace talks.
In July 2008, Baitullah issued a statement that threatened to take action against the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government if it did not step down within five days. The NWFP parliamentary leaders promptly refused.
Rumors of death in September 2008
Various news media sources reported the death of Baitullah Mehsud on 30 September 2008 at the age of 34 due to kidney failure. Many of his close associates, including his aide, his doctor and a Taliban spokesman, vehemently denied the rumors. According to the spokesman, Mehsud was "fit and well." Mehsud's doctor also said he had spoken with him after the rumors of his death. The rumors proved to be false.
Second marriage
Mehsud entered a second marriage in November 2008.
Mehsud's first wife bore his four daughters and he may have hoped his second wife, "the daughter of an influential cleric," Ikramuddin Mehsud, would bear him a son.
Leadership dispute continues
In February 2009, senior Taliban leaders Baitullah Mehsud, Hafiz Gul Bahadur and Maulvi Nazir put aside their differences in an effort to refocus against a common enemy. Nazir had previously feuded with Baitullah for his sheltering of Uzbek militants whom Nazir had fought to evict from South Waziristan. As a result of the February agreement, Maulvi Nazir ended support for Qari Zainuddin Mehsud, who the Daily Times described as the "self-appointed successor of ... Abdullah Mehsud." Zainuddin's group then allied with a group led by another militant, Turkestan Bhittani, they in turn made an alliance with the MI of Pakistan Army, which provide them safe heavens in Tank, Dera Ismail Khan and Abbottabad regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This alliance proved to be a major blow to BaitUllah Mehsud and his allies, limiting their influence in the bordering regions of his strong base South Waziristan, that is, Tank and Dera Ismail Khan. Qari Zainuddin Mehsud and Turkestan Bhittani groups were involved in many illegal activities in those regions, such as kidnappings, extortion and killings.
On 27 March 2009, Pakistan's Daily Times reported that Baitullah Mehsud's group was engaged in a dispute with Qari Zainuddin's group for control of South Waziristan. Both groups had distributed pamphlets leveling accusations against the other groups' leader. Qari Zainuddin stated that Baitullah's group was not practicing jihad because Islam forbids suicide attacks. Baitullah's pamphlet claimed that the slain Abdullah had been a government puppet and Qari Zainuddin was a traitor to Islam and to the Mehsud tribe.
The rivalry culminated on 23 June 2009, when a gunman shot and killed Zainuddin in Dera Ismail Khan. The gunman had served as one of his bodyguards and after the incident was suspected to be Baitullah's agent.
Bounties
On 28 June 2009 the Pakistani government announced a reward of Rs.50,000,000 for information that leads to the capture, dead or alive, of Baitullah. The bounty coincided with a previous offer from the United States, which offered $5,000,000.
Death in August 2009
On the night of 5 August 2009, while he was staying with his second wife at his father-in-law's house in Zangara, a U.S. drone attacked the premises. According to former CIA director Leon Panetta, he was observed on the roof of the house and identified by the distinctive hat he wore. According to The Times, it may have been his desire to father a son that ultimately led to his demise.
Two of his followers, Maulana Meraj and Hakimullah Mehsud, denied the report the following day, dismissing it as "rumors" intended to negatively impact the Taliban's spread of jihad. They suggested that Baitullah had gone into hiding and isolation as a part of a strategy. Hakimullah added that meetings of Taliban officials in Dir and surroundings are proceeding as usual "to make worth of their abilities and to discuss other plans which he called 'war game plans'." These reports were followed by several telephone conversations between AP reporters with Qari Hussain, Maulvi Omar and Hakimullah Mehsud to deny Baitullah's death and to claim he had been ill, perhaps gravely, for several months or had been "busy on the battlefield." Hakimullah indicated that soon a videotape would be released as a proof of his statements.
After his capture on 18 August, Maulvi Omar retracted his previous statements and confirmed that Baitullah had indeed perished in the missile strike. On 20 August, U.S. President Barack Obama stated "We took out [Baitullah] Mehsud" in a radio address. On 25 August, both Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali-ur-Rehman confirmed to BBC and AP correspondents that Baitullah had perished on 23 August from injuries sustained in the missile strike.
The attack is part of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) campaign using unmanned aerial vehicles in the region by the agency's Special Activities Division. U.S. missile strikes targeting Mehsud territory in South Waziristan became more common after June 2009 when Pakistan, while having been publicly critical of the missile strikes, declared a military offensive against Mehsud.
Notable incidents attributed to Baitullah Mehsud
A September 2007 report from the United Nations attributed almost 80% of suicide bombings in Afghanistan to Baitullah. Pakistani officials traced an estimated 90% of suicide and militant attacks within Pakistan throughout the 2007–2009 period to his South Waziristan stronghold.
September 2007 Rawalpindi bombings
Preliminary investigations concerning the September 2007 bombings in Rawalpindi note that Mehsud is the primary suspect behind the attacks.
An 18 December 2005 report stated that Baitullah Mehsud, Abdullah Mehsud and Yaldeshev were the subject of a man-hunt.
Authorities said they believed that the militants were short of ammunition and would be captured soon.
Benazir Bhutto assassination
On 28 December 2007 the Pakistan government claimed that it had strong evidence regarding Baitullah Mehsud as the man behind the assassination of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on 27 December 2007.
The Pakistani government released a transcript it asserted was from a conversation between Baitullah Mehsud and Maulvi Sahib (literally "Mr. Cleric").
According to the transcript Maulvi Sahib claimed credit for the attack, Baitullah Mehsud asked who carried it out, and was told, "There were Saeed, the second was Badarwala Bilal and Ikramullah was also there."
The translation released from Agence France Presse differed slightly from the translation from the Associated Press.
According to the transcripts Baitullah Mehsud says he is at, "Anwar Shah's house", in Makeen or Makin. The Agence France Presse transcript identifies Makeen as a town in South Waziristan.
Subsequently, both Agence France Presse and NDTV released an official denial by Mehsud's spokesman in which he said that Mehsud had no involvement in the attack, that the transcript was "a drama", that it would have been "impossible" for militants to penetrate the security cordon around Bhutto, and that her death was a "tragedy" which had left Mehsud "shocked". Mehsud's spokesman was quoted as saying: "I strongly deny it. Tribal people have their own customs. We don't strike women."
In an address to the nation on 2 January 2008, Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf said that he believed Maulana Fazlullah and Baitullah Mehsud were prime suspects in the assassination of Bhutto.
On 18 January 2008, The Washington Post reported that the CIA has concluded that Mehsud was behind the Bhutto assassination. "Offering the most definitive public assessment by a U.S. intelligence official, Michael V. Hayden said Bhutto was killed by fighters allied with Mehsud, a tribal leader in northwestern Pakistan, with support from al-Qaeda's terrorist network." U.S. President George W. Bush then placed Mr. Mehsud on "a classified list of militant leaders whom the C.I.A. and American commandos were authorized to capture or kill."
March 2009 Lahore police academy attack
In telephone interviews with news media Mehsud claimed responsibility for 30 March 2009 attack on the police training academy in Lahore. He told the BBC that the attack was in retaliation for continued missile strikes from American drones for which the Pakistani government shared responsibility. In the same interview Mehsud claimed two other attacks: a 25 March attack on an Islamabad police station and a 30 March suicide attack on a military convoy near Bannu.
April 2009 Binghamton shooting claim
Although the FBI later completely refuted that he had any involvement in the incident, Mehsud claimed responsibility for the shooting in Binghamton, New York, on Friday 13 April 2009. 13 people were killed in the shooting, after which the attacker committed suicide. In a telephone interview, Mehsud reportedly said: "I accept responsibility. They were my men. I gave them orders in reaction to US drone attacks." Mehsud made this claim despite the fact that the gunman in the shooting was alone and of Vietnamese nationality and had stated other motives in his last letter.
References
External links
Pakistan Taliban chief Baitullah Mehsud killed
Eye of the Predator by Abhisar Sharma
BBC Profile – Baitullah Mehsud BBC News 28 December 2007
Who is Baitullah Mehsud? Part 1 and Part 2 (c) 2007
Pakistan's Most Wanted IslamOnline.net, 29 January 2008
"The Drone War," by Peter Bergen and Katherine Tiedeman in The New Republic
"The Predator War," by Jane Mayer, The New Yorker
1972 births
2009 deaths
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan members
Waziristan
Pashtun people
Deaths by drone strikes of the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan
Pakistani Islamists
Salafi jihadists
Leaders of Islamic terror groups |
Seeta is a 1960 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed and produced by Kunchacko, based on the Ramayana epic. The film stars Prem Nazir, Kusalakumari, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair and Hari. The musical score is by V. Dakshinamoorthy. Seetha was a box office hit.
Plot
Cast
Prem Nazir as Rama
Kusalakumari as Sita
Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair as Valmiki
Hari as Lava
T. R. Omana as Malini
Dr. N. Rajan Nair as Lakshmana
J. Sasikumar as Vasishtha
Kanchana as Kausalya
S. P. Pillai as Mooshakan
Soundtrack
The music was composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy, with R. K. Shekhar acting as his assistant to make musical arrangements. Seeta was the first film on which Dakshinamoorthy and Shekhar collaborated, and Shekhar would continue working as Dakshinamoorthy's assistant for the next fourteen years. Lyrics were written by Abhayadev. The song "Pattupadi Urakkam Njan", sung by P. Susheela, became a hit. This was Susheela's first Malayalam song.
References
External links
1960 films
1960s Malayalam-language films
Films based on the Ramayana
Films directed by Kunchacko |
Mahmudiye was a ship of the line of the Ottoman Navy. It was a three-masted three-decked 128-gunned sailing ship, which could perhaps be considered to be one of the few completed heavy first-rate battleships in the world. Mahmudiye, with a roaring lion as the ship's figurehead, was intended to serve to reconstitute the morale of the nation after the loss of the fleet at the Battle of Navarino in 1827. The flagship was for many years the largest warship in the world.
Characteristics
The 201 × 56 kadem (1 kadem = 37.887 cm) or ship of the line carried 1,280 sailors on board.
It was a 120-gun ship of the line, with guns ranging from 3-pounders to massive 500-pounders that fired stone shot. These guns were mounted on the broadside across three decks. At the time of her completion, it was the largest sailing ship ever built.
Service history
It was constructed by the naval architect Mehmet Kalfa and the naval engineer Mehmet Efendi on the order of Mahmud II (reigned between 1808–1839) at the Imperial Arsenal, on the Golden Horn in Constantinople.
Egyptian-Ottoman Wars
At the outbreak of the First Egyptian–Ottoman War in 1831, prompted by the Egyptian invasion of Palestine, Mahmudiye was already in poor condition, despite being only a few years old. Much of her hull was dry-rotted, though it still served as the Ottoman flagship during the war. During the war, the Ottoman fleet, along with a squadron from the British Royal Navy blockaded the main Egyptian naval base at İskenderun. This included a long-range bombardment on 18 August 1831. The war ended in 1833 following the intervention of Russia on behalf of the Ottoman government and pressure from Britain, France, and Austria on Egypt to withdraw, but unresolved tensions between the Eyalet of Egypt and the central government resulted in the Second Egyptian–Ottoman War of 1839–1841.
After the death of Sultan Mahmud II on 1 July 1839, an internal power struggle resulted in the installation of the pro-Russian Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha under Sultan Abdulmejid I. On 4 July 1839, the commander of the Ottoman fleet, displeased over the Russian influence in the new government, decided to take the bulk of the Ottoman fleet, including Mahmudiye, over to the Egyptian side. He set sail for Beşik Bay, where an international fleet composed of British, French, and Russian warships was present. With assistance from the pro-Egyptian French, he then moved the fleet to Kos, where he entered into negotiations with Egypt to accept the fleet at İskenderun on 14 July. A year later, in July 1840, the British issued an ultimatum for Egypt to return the ships and surrender the Levant to the Ottoman government; the Egyptians refused, and so the Royal Navy bombarded all of the major ports in the region, culminating in the Bombardment of Acre on 1 November. This forced the Egyptians to capitulate, and on 27 November Mahmudiye and the rest of the Ottoman ships were released to return to Constantinople.
Later career
Mahmudiye participated in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55) during the Crimean War (1854–56) under the command of Admiral of the Fleet Kayserili Ahmet Pasha. It was honored with the title Gazi following her successful mission in Sevastopol.
With the introduction of steam power at the end of the 1840s, the conversion of the pure sail-driven ship into a steamer was considered. On inspecting the hull in Britain in the late 1850s, however, it was discovered to be badly rotted, and not worth reconstructing. The machinery that had been allocated to Mahmudiye was instead installed on the frigate .
During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, Mahmudiye was placed into service as a troop transport, as the government lacked sufficient transport ships. The ship's great size made her an effective transport, owing to her ability to carry a large number of troops. On 27 December, four Russian torpedo boats attacked Mahmudiye and the ironclad while they were moored in Batumi, but all of their attacks missed.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
https://www.tdefenceagency.com/mahmudiye-efsanesi-doguyor/ - History and images (Turkish)
1828 ships
Ships built in the Ottoman Empire
Crimean War naval ships of the Ottoman Empire
Ships of the line of the Ottoman Navy
Three-masted ships
Age of Sail naval ships of the Ottoman Empire |
Mellingen Heitersberg is a railway station in the municipality of Mellingen in the Swiss canton of Aargau.
The station is located on the Heitersberg line, part of the Zurich to Olten main line, just west of the western portal to the Heitersberg Tunnel.
The station is served by service S11 of the Zurich S-Bahn.
References
External links
Railway stations in the canton of Aargau
Swiss Federal Railways stations |
Michael McComie (22 April 1972 – 4 December 2018) was a Trinidadian football player and coach.
As a player, McComie played as a goalkeeper at both professional and international levels. He later became an award-winning coach.
Playing career
Club career
As a youth McComie played for St Augustine Secondary, and was recognised for his ability in what was described as a "talented" team led by Jerren Nixon. He played senior football in the TT Pro League for San Juan Jabloteh and Joe Public. His transfer between the clubs involved a five-figure transfer fee. He also played indoor football in the United States. He retired from playing in 2004.
International career
McComie represented Trinidad and Tobago under-20s at the 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship. He earned five caps for the senior team. His international career was hampered by the availability of other Trinidadian goalkeepers such as Shaka Hislop, Ross Russell, Kelvin Jack and Clayton Ince.
Playing style
McComie was renowned for his playing forward of the traditional goalkeeper's position acting almost as a defensive sweeper at a time when relatively few goalkeepers chose to play the ball in the outfield; he also played on occasion as a midfielder or striker.
Coaching career
McComie worked as an assistant coach to the Trinidad and Tobago under-23 team before returning to Joe Public for the second time in July 2007. He was replaced by Keith Griffith in July 2008, but continued to work with the Trinidad and Tobago under-17 team. While with Joe Public he won the TT Pro League Manager of the Year award.
He also managed Ma Pau Stars, Guaya United and the Trinidad and Tobago under-20 team. He ended his career with FC Maracas in 2016.
Later life and death
McComie also played table tennis, and served on the board of the Trinidad and Tobago Table Tennis Association.
McComie died on 4 December 2018, at the age of 46, from a brain tumour which was diagnosed only 24 hours previously. He had four daughters.
References
1972 births
2018 deaths
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's under-20 international footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players
Joe Public F.C. players
TT Pro League players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Trinidad and Tobago football managers
Joe Public F.C. managers
Ma Pau Stars S.C. managers
TT Pro League managers
Deaths from brain tumor
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago expatriates in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States |
Emich Carl, Prince of Leiningen (27 September 1763 – 4 July 1814) was the reigning Fürst of the Principality of Leiningen. He is an ancestor of various European royals, including Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Felipe VI of Spain, and Constantine II of Greece. After his death, his widow, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, married a son of George III of the United Kingdom and became the mother of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom.
Biography
Background
Emich Carl was born at Dürckheim, the fourth child and only son of Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg and his wife Countess Christiane Wilhelmine Luise of Solms-Rödelheim und Assenheim (1736–1803). On 3 July 1779, his father was made a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, and Emich Carl became Hereditary Prince of Leiningen. On 9 January 1807, he succeeded his father as second Prince of Leiningen.
Marriages and issue
Emich Carl was married firstly, on 4 July 1787, to Countess Henriette Sophie of Reuss-Ebersdorf (1767-1801), youngest daughter of Heinrich XXIV, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf and his wife, Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg. Henriette died on 3 September 1801. Emich Carl and Henrietta had one son, who died young and within the lifetime of his mother, being:
Prince Friedrich Karl Heinrich Ludwig of Leiningen (1 March 1793 – 22 February 1800)
On 21 December 1803, two years after the death of his first wife, Emich married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, fourth daughter of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld by his wife, Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf. His second wife was a niece of his late wife. They had two further children:
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Emich (12 September 1804 – 13 November 1856); succeeded his father as third prince; married on 13 February 1829, Countess Maria von Klebelsberg-Thumburg (1806-1880), and had issue.
Princess Anna Feodora Auguste Charlotte Wilhelmine of Leiningen (7 December 1807 – 23 September 1872); married in 1828, Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and had issue. She is an ancestor of various European royals, including Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Felipe VI of Spain, and Constantine II of Greece.
Death and succession
Emich Carl died at Amorbach on 4 July 1814, and was succeeded by their only surviving son, Carl Friedrich.
Post-mortem connections
Four years after his death, his widow married Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, fourth son of King George III of the United Kingdom. They had a daughter, Princess Victoria of Kent, who would later become Queen regnant of the United Kingdom.
Ancestry
Sources
Thomas Gehrlein: Das Haus Leiningen. 900 Jahre Gesamtgeschichte mit Stammfolgen. Deutsche Fürstenhäuser. Heft 32. Börde Verlag, Werl 2011, , S. 25
1763 births
1814 deaths
People from Bad Dürkheim
Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen
Emich Carl
Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen |
Ahmed Mekky (Arabic: أحمد مكي, (born in 1972), is an Egyptian entrepreneur, Chairman, and CEO of Benya Group, a digital solutions and ICT infrastructure provider in Egypt, Middle East and Africa regions.
Early life and education
Ahmed Mekky was born on Thursday October 19th, 1972 in Egypt, He received a bachelor's degree in telecommunications engineering from Cairo University, He completed a pre-master's degree in computer engineering from Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University,After that, he joined the Information Technology Institute (ITI) and graduated from the University of Nottingham with a master's degree in information technology.
Career (GBI and Benya Group)
Mekky founded ‘Gulf Bridge International (GBI)- in 2008, to construct and operate a submarine cable network connecting 25 countries, from the Middle East, Africa, Europe and Asia, through Egypt. Based on Mekky’s plan, the project was later extended to 40,000 km following the support and request of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
Following the initiation of the company ‘Equinox’ in 2005, the company was rebranded to (Fiber Misr ICT) and eventually, Mekky founded the company to become Benya Group in 2017. Benya Group concentrates on verticals of information and communication technology. The Group, through its six subsidiaries, focusing on verticals of information and communication technology, three of these established subsidiaries and three incubated subsidiaries creating a diverse set of disciplines, provides a portfolio of advanced digital solutions across a set of industry segments, including smart cities, healthcare, education, and transportation.
Appointments
In 2011, Mekky was chosen as a Group Chair of SAMENA's Telecoms Council, a group in South Asian and MENA telecoms services. One year later, he was selected for the Pacific Telecommunications Council (PTC) Board of Governors, making him the first Middle Eastern leader to hold this post.
In 2013, he was a member of the NTRA's Industry Committee, a Board Member of the Information Technology Industry Development Agency (ITIDA). Mekky also took over the membership of the Industry Committee of the Telecommunications Regulatory Agency “NTRA”, in addition to membership in the Board of Directors of the Information Technology Industry Authority “ITIDA”, from 2013 to 2016.
Meanwhile, he was a member of the Egyptian Kuwaiti Cooperation Council in 2015, which was involved in increasing Egypt-Kuwait economic cooperation. In 2021, Mekky became a board Member of Science and Technology Parks for Electronics and Research Industries in 2022 and was the first Egyptian to be appointed to the president of the Fiber Connect Council MENA.
Honors and awards
October 2012 - Global Telecoms Business listed Mekky among ‘Global Telecoms Business Power 100 list’ (4)(5)
2014 – Mekky received the ITP Group Award for ‘Industry CEO of the year’ in the telecommunications sector in the Middle East (6)
January 2021 – Telecom Review honored Mekky with the award “MERIT Leader Award” (8)(9)(10)
March 2021 –Mekky awarded the "Excellence Award in Digital Transformation” award from Business Today Magazine (BT100 Awards ) (11)(12)
November 2021 - “Fakhr Al Arab 2021” award for his contributions to the advancement of the industry in the region.
References
(1) Benya
(2)
(3) GBI executive among Power 100 list
(4) Ahmed Mekky wins ‘Industry CEO of the Year’ at Telecom Review Summit
(5) Benya
(6) Two awards honor the achievements of Benya Group by Telecom Review
(7) مجموعة «بنية» تحصد جائزة أفضل شركة لتطوير البنية التحتية
(8) Benya and Mekky honored for outstanding performance in 2020 by Telecom Review
(9) احتفالية bt100 تكرم المهندس أحمد مكى رئيس مجلس الإدارة والرئيس التنفيذى لشركة «بنية»
(10) شركة بنية تحصد جائزة التميز في مجال التحول الرقمي ضمن احتفالية bt100
(11) Sign Up | LinkedIn
External links
Ahmed Mekky Profile | Endeavor
Eng. Ahmed Mekky Chairman and CEO ‘’BENYA Group’’
·https://www.amcham.org.eg/membership/members-database/6358/fiber-misr
قمة “تيليكوم ريفيو” تشيد بأداء “أحمد مكي” رئيس مجموعة بنية
Benya’s CEO named as first Egyptian Fiber Connect Council MENA chair
https://fiberconnectmena.org/index.php/en/members-news/1692-eng-ahmed-meki-elected-to-head-the-fiber-optic-connection-council-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa
Egyptian chief executives
Businesspeople in telecommunications
Egyptian businesspeople
1971 births
Living people
ar:
arz: |
The Apollo spacecraft feasibility study was conducted by NASA from July 1960 through May 1961 to investigate preliminary designs for a post-Project Mercury multi-crewed spacecraft to be used for possible space station, circum-lunar, lunar orbital, or crewed lunar landing missions. Six-month, $250,000 study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company. Meanwhile, NASA conducted its own inhouse design study led by Maxime Faget, intended as a gauge of the competitors' entries. The three companies spent varying amounts of their own money in excess of the $250,000 to produce designs which included a re-entry module separate from the mission module cabin, and a propulsion and equipment module.
One week after the presentation of the contractors' designs, President John F. Kennedy committed NASA to a crewed lunar landing, giving the Apollo program an immediate, critical focus. NASA decided to discard the study designs and the mission module cabin, and based the lunar landing mission design on Faget's inhouse design, with a cone-shaped command module, supported by a cylindrical service module containing return propulsion and supporting equipment. This would be carried to the lunar surface by a still-to-be-defined landing propulsion module. NASA then launched another competition for the command/service module procurement contract.
In December 1961, GE publicly presented their feasibility study design to the American Astronautical Society . Similarities in the basic mission-command-propulsion module design have been noted to the Soviet Union's Soyuz spacecraft designed by Sergei Korolev and Vasily Mishin. It has been speculated that Korolev and Mishin could have incorporated GE design elements in the existing OKB-1 Sever designs (1959-1962) that eventually became the cancelled Soyuz-A (7K) (1963) and approved Soyuz 7K-OK (1965-1967).
Background
In July and August 1960, NASA's Space Task Group (STG) hosted a series of NASA-industry conferences to discuss post-Project Mercury crewed spacecraft plans. Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden announced at the conference opening that "the next spacecraft beyond Mercury will be called Apollo."
On August 30, NASA presented plans to award three feasibility study contracts for the Apollo spacecraft, conceived as a three-man Earth orbital and circumlunar craft, with growth potential for crewed lunar landings. A Request For Proposal was issued on September 12, and fourteen bids were received by October 9. On October 25, NASA awarded the $250,000, six-month contracts to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company. Meanwhile, members of the Space Task Group performed their own spacecraft design studies, to serve as a gauge to judge and monitor the three industry designs.
All three competitors supplemented the $250,000 contracts with their own money: Convair spent $1 million, GE $2 million, and Martin $3 million. The Manager of GE Space Vehicle Systems (Philadelphia), George Arthur, led the GE proposal team that included Harold Bloom, Charles Bixler, Jacob Abel, and Arnold Cohen. On May 15 to 17, 1961, the contractors presented their study results to NASA. All three designs employed a mission module cabin separate from the command module (piloting and re-entry cabin), and a propulsion and equipment module. Martin studied three different reentry module shapes, including a conical capsule vehicle similar to the STG configuration. GE also studied several reentry module shapes. GD/Convair's proposal employed a lifting body shape.
Designs
GD/Convair
Convair/Astronautics' entry was designed primarily for lunar orbit, with flexibility and growth potential built in to accommodate lunar landing. The company estimated a total program cost of $1.25 billion over about six years.
Convair selected a lifting body for the return vehicle (command module), similar to one conceived several years earlier by Alfred J. Eggers of NASA-Ames. This had an abort tower attached through launch, and nestled inside a large mission module. Convair/Astronautics envisioned a progressive flight development plan, with many Earth-orbital missions before attempting circumlunar, and then lunar-orbital missions. Earth landings would be by glidesail parachute near San Antonio, Texas. The development flights would experiment with space rendezvous, docking, artificial gravity, and maneuverable landing, leading to an eventual lunar landing. The study cost the contractor about $1 million.
GE D-2
GE's design capitalized upon hardware almost ready to fly: a bullet-shaped descent module, carried between a conical mission module cabin containing life support and avionics, and the cylindrical propulsion module. The entire craft was long, with one innovation: a cocoonlike wrapping for secondary pressure protection in case of cabin leaks or meteoroid puncture. Had this configuration been selected, the payload sent to the Moon would have resembled the nose cone flown on the early Saturn I rockets. Although GE did not estimate the final costs in its summary, the company was confident of achieving circumlunar flight by the end of 1966 and lunar-orbital flight shortly thereafter.
Seeking professional recognition for their design work on the GE proposal, George Arthur and Jacob Abel publicly presented their papers documenting the GE D-2 design in December 1961 at a special symposium of the American Astronautical Society in Denver, Colorado.
Martin
The Martin Company spent about $3 million, employing almost 300 persons for the better part of the six-month term, to produce the most elaborate study of the three, not only following all the Space Task Group guidelines, but also going far beyond in systems analysis. The complete proposal consisted of 9,000 pages. Focusing on versatility, flexibility, safety margins, and growth, this was the only study that detailed the progression of steps from lunar orbiting to lunar landing. Martin's spacecraft would have been similar to the Apollo spacecraft that ultimately emerged. When Martin later entered the Apollo hardware procurement contract competition, NASA scored them highest of all the entrants on configuration design.
Martin recommended a five-part spacecraft. The command module was a flat-bottomed cone with a rounded apex and a tower for a tractor-rocket launch escape system. Behind the flat aft bulkhead were propulsion, equipment, and mission modules. Tradeoffs between weight and propulsion requirements led to the selection of a pressurized shell of semimonocoque aluminum alloy coated with a composite heatshield of superalloy with a charring ablator. Two crewmen would sit abreast, with the third behind, in couches that could rotate for reentry g-load protection and for getting in and out of the spacecraft. Flaps for limited maneuverability on reentry, a parachute landing system, and a jettisonable mission module that could also serve as a solar storm cellar, a laboratory, or even the descent stage for a lunar lander, were also featured.
Spacecraft procurement competition
NASA did not get a chance to deliberate long on the study results, due to the pressure placed on America's space program by the Soviet's launching of the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. On May 25, one week after presentation of the study results, President John F. Kennedy proposed the Moon landing objective to the US Congress, giving the Apollo program a clear focus and sense of urgency. NASA turned its focus to what relevant data could be mined from the proposals (abandoning the mission module), and launched another competition for the hardware procurement phase, fixing the reentry module configuration to the conical shape designed by Maxime Faget.
NASA awarded the contract for the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) to North American Aviation on November 28, 1961, when it was still assumed the lunar landing would be achieved by direct descent or Earth orbit rendezvous rather than by lunar orbit rendezvous. Therefore, design proceeded without a means of docking the Command Module to a lunar lander spacecraft.
In the summer of 1962, the selection of the LOR proposal from NASA's Langley Research Center, plus several technical obstacles encountered in some subsystems (such as environmental control), soon made it clear that substantial redesign would be required. By 1963, NASA decided the most efficient way to keep the Apollo program on track and address technical obstacles encountered in some subsystems such as environmental control, was to proceed with the development of two CSM versions: the preliminary Block I, and the advanced Block II.
Similarity to Soyuz
Similarities have been noted between the GE D2 design and the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, which was designed and built after George Arthur and Jacob Abel's AAS presentation (Denver, CO) in December 1961. In particular, Soyuz uses an orbital module located in front of the descent module, which uses a similar sphere-cone-sphere shape.
Victor Minenko, one of the OKB-1 designers with Korolev in 1950s and 1960s, who was active with RSC Energia in 1993, noted that in 1961 there were 40 people in several departments working on early designs and versions of the eventual Soyuz. "We use to read carefully the U.S. literature by the leading astrodynamicists - Ferri, Chapman, Van Driest, Lees, and the top Russians - Sibulkin, Koropkin". Vassily Mishin, chief Soyuz designer after Korolev's death, noted that a logical comparison of the Soyuz was to the US Apollo command/service module, since both were designed for lunar transport.
In 1983, Phillip S. Clark and Ralph F. Gibbons discussed the Russian Soyuz program development (1963-1967) and adaptation of design elements from other programs and studies (Soviet and foreign).
A similar modular design was used in the Russian Progress spacecraft (essentially the uncrewed version of Soyuz), the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft, and the planned Indian ISRO Orbital Vehicle.
See also
Apollo Command/Service Module
Apollo program
Soyuz (spacecraft)
Soyuz 7K-TM
Progress (spacecraft)
Shenzhou (spacecraft)
References
Inline citations
Bibliography
Arthur, George R, "Lunar Spacecraft Designs", Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Volume 10, 1963, p. 52.
External links
American Astronautical Society
Apollo D-2 design drawings, Scott Lowther
Astronautix: Was the Soyuz Design Stolen?
Apollo program |
Gene H. Bell-Villada (born 1941 in Haiti) is an American literary critic, novelist, translator and memoirist, with strong interests in Latin American Writing, Modernism, and Magic Realism. His works include The Carlos Chadwick Mystery: A Novel of College Life and Political Terror, the short story collection The Pianist Who Liked Ayn Rand, and the critical studies Art for Art's Sake and the Literary Life, Borges And His Fiction: A Guide To His Mind And Art and Garcia Marquez: The Man And His Work. He holds a doctorate from Harvard University and has been a professor at Williams College since 1975.
Bell-Villada was born in Haiti to a Hawaiian mother and a Euro-American father. Besides Haiti he was raised in Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Cuba. He wrote of this experience in Overseas American: Growing Up Gringo in the Tropics.
His literary criticism is notable for its harsh views of Vladimir Nabokov. Art for Art's Sake and Literary Life was so negative in its assessment that Publishers Weekly described it as a "bilious analysis" of the Russian-born American writer. Bell-Villada explains the animosity by saying that he himself is a "lapsed disciple" of Nabokov.
List of works by Bell-Villada
Garcia Marquez: The Man and His Work (1990)
The Carlos Chadwick Mystery: A Novel of College Life and Political Terror (1990)
The Pianist Who Liked Ayn Rand: A Novella and 13 Stories (1998)
Art for Art's Sake (1998)
Borges and His Fiction: A Guide to His Art and Mind (2000)
Overseas American: Growing Up Gringo in the Tropics (2005)
On Nabokov, Ayn Rand and the Libertarian Mind (2013)
ReferencesPublishers Weekly review of Art for Art's Sake and Literary Life,'' April 22, 1996
External links
Author Page at Amador Books
Williams College Bell-Villada page
1941 births
Living people
Haitian emigrants to the United States
American expatriates in Cuba
20th-century American memoirists
Harvard University alumni
Williams College faculty
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
American short story writers
American literary critics
Vladimir Nabokov
American translators
20th-century translators
American male novelists
American male dramatists and playwrights
American dramatists and playwrights
American male short story writers
Novelists from Massachusetts
American male non-fiction writers |
Wonder Pot (, ) is an Israeli invention for baking on top of a gas stove rather than in an oven. It consists of three parts: an aluminium pot shaped like a Bundt pan except smooth-sided rather than fluted, a hooded cover perforated with venting holes, and a thick, round, slightly domed metal disc with a center hole that is placed between the pot and the flame.
A Wonder Pot can be used to bake cakes, casseroles, rice, potatoes, apples, meat, and chicken.
History
The Wonder Pot gained popularity during Israel's era of national austerity in the 1950s, when most citizens did not own an oven. The concept was based on models from Germany and Eastern Europe, and was first manufactured by the Palalum company (the company name was a contraction of the words pele (wonder) and aluminium). Later the Wonder Pot was manufactured by other companies in the Haredi sector, including the Matlum company, which continues to produce the item today.
The Wonder Pot retained its popularity through the 1970s, especially among new immigrants who did not have ovens. During its heyday, the Wonder Pot spawned its own bestselling cookbook. The introduction of the microwave oven and a national desire to dissociate with the austerity mentality put an end to its widespread use. However, the Wonder Pot is still used by Israeli Haredi families for baking kugels, and it is also popular in this sector on the holiday of Passover for those who do not have a kosher-for-Passover oven.
Today the Wonder Pot is considered a nostalgic Israeli kitchen item. It is still sold in traditional housewares stores, via marketing outlets, and in Haredi communities such as Bnei Brak and Jerusalem. In the late 2000s decade, a housewares store calling itself Seer Peh-leh ("Wonder Pot") opened in the Talpiot neighborhood of Jerusalem.
How it works
The Wonder Pot is effective at baking on top of the stove for three reasons: its aluminium material, its hole, and the metal disc separating it from the flame. The aluminium material allows heat to spread uniformly. The center hole of the pot focuses the flame and creates heat dispersion around the inside of the cake. The metal disc lifts the pot off the fire, reducing and focusing the flame. Baking in the Wonder Pot without the metal disc will produce a cake that is dry on the bottom and thick and wobbly in the center. The metal disc is sold in different thicknesses and diameters to accommodate different baking times and larger flames. The lid of the Wonder Pot is perforated with small holes to release steam. Baking time in a Wonder Pot varies from 40 to 50 minutes.
The Wonder Pot produces high and airy cakes. In addition to baking, the Wonder Pot is an effective medium for cooking vegetables, legumes, and rice in layers. It can also be used to cook kugels, casseroles, pasta dishes, meat, and chicken.
See also
Israeli inventions and discoveries
Israeli cuisine
List of cooking vessels
References
Further reading
Zimmerman, Sybil, illustrations by Marion Alderman The Wonders of a Wonder Pot, or cooking in Israel without an oven (1973) Jerusalem: Jerusalem Post Press.
External links
Wonder Pot recipes for Passover (Hebrew)
Baking
Cookware and bakeware
Israeli inventions
Israeli cuisine
Cooking vessels |
Ben Maclennan (born 1956) is a South African author and journalist.
He spends his time between Cape Town, South Africa, where he was formerly regional editor for the South African Press Association (SAPA) and the Eastern Cape.
Education
Maclennan received his early schooling in Grahamstown, South Africa, where his parents were associated with Rhodes University. He registered at university twice, once at University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg (1975) and once at Rhodes University, Grahamstown (1976), but did not graduate either time.
Career
Maclennan was launched on a career in journalism by a 1975 position on the East London Daily Dispatch which was then under the editorship of Donald Woods. In late 1976 he secured a photojournalist position on the Rhodesia Herald, based in Salisbury (later Harare), Rhodesia until the 1979 downfall of the Ian Smith government. At that time, he returned to Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa with his then wife, Kate Skinner, a librarian, artist and minor poet and their son Seamus. In the Eastern Cape, Ben worked as a reporter for the Eastern Province Herald, with headquarters in Port Elizabeth, and an office in Grahamstown. In the mid-eighties he moved to Cape Town and has worked for SAPA as a journalist, for a number of years. Besides his firstborn, Seamus, he has two further sons, David and Simon from a second marriage to journalist and author Martine Barker.
Books
A Proper Degree of Terror--a history of the British campaign on the Eastern Frontier
Apartheid: The Lighter Side--a book which passed its message through humor
Glenmore: The story of a forced removal--removal, apartheid's physical separation
The wind makes dust--a travel anthology of Southern Africa
Selected articles
IOL : The long march to Sandton
IOL : Tsvangirai called off Zim talks - Lekota
IOL : 'Nothing sinister' in Mogae's Bushmen visit
Sunday Times : 'Spies must be investigated'
Sunday Times : Taxis 'linked to rail sabotage'
The Herald : Cradock ‘apostle’ dreams up ‘Aids cure’
References
Writers from Cape Town
Living people
South African travel writers
South African journalists
White South African people
1956 births |
A relatively small number of outfield association footballers have played in goal during a match, usually due to the injury, dismissal or other unavailability of the usual goalkeeper.
List of players
See also
List of goalscoring goalkeepers
References
Outfield players in goal
Association football player non-biographical articles |
Uvaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. The generic name uvaria is derived from the Latin uva meaning grape, likely because the edible fruit of some species in the genus resemble grapes.
Circumscription
Species are distributed throughout the Old World tropics. This large genus had about 150 species, but recent molecular analyses have revealed that several smaller genera belong within Uvaria, increasing its size.
These are climbing shrubs or small trees. The flowers are borne singly, in pairs, or in small clusters. There are six petals in two whorls and many stamens.
Selected species
[[File:山椒子(大花紫玉盤) Uvaria grandiflora -新加坡植物園 Singapore Botanic Gardens- (15534326432).jpg|thumb|Uvaria grandiflora in Singapore]]
There are 168 accepted Uvaria species, as of April 2021, according to Plants of the World Online.
Uvaria chamae P.Beauv. – Finger-root, China
Uvaria dulcis - Tropical Asia (E. Indonesia, Jawa, Mainland Southeast Asia)
Uvaria grandiflora Roxb. ex Hornem. - Indochina, Malesia
Uvaria kweichowensis P.T.Li - Tropical Africa
Uvaria narum (Dunal) Wall. - Indian subcontinent
Uvaria rufa (Dunal) Blume; Susung-kalabaw, Australia to Philippines & Indochina
Uvaria zeylanica L. - type species - India, Sri Lanka
Formerly placed here
Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal (as U. japonica L.)
Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (as U. odorata Lam.)
Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill. (as U. lanceolata Sw.)
Huberantha cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd. (as U. cerasoides Roxb.)
Monoon longifolium (Sonn.) Thwaites (as U. longifolia Sonn.)
Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (as U. aromatica'' Lam.)
References
External links
Annonaceae genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
2nd Fominovka () is a rural locality (a village) in Mikhaylovskoye Rural Settlement of Kormilovsky District, Russia. The population was 374 as of 2010.
Geography
2nd Fominovka is located 30 km southeast of Kormilovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. 1st Fominovka is the nearest rural locality.
Streets
60 let Oktyabrya
Molodezhnaya
Truda
References
External links
2nd Fominovka on komandirovka.ru
Rural localities in Omsk Oblast |
Stemonoporus elegans is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
References
Flora of Sri Lanka
elegans
Critically endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Henry Austin Dobson (18 January 1840 – 2 September 1921), commonly Austin Dobson, was an English poet and essayist.
Life
He was born at Plymouth, the eldest son of George Clarisse Dobson, a civil engineer, of French descent. When he was about eight, the family moved to Holyhead, and his first school was at Beaumaris in Anglesey. He was later educated at Coventry, and the Gymnase, Strasbourg. He returned at the age of sixteen with the intention of becoming a civil engineer. (His younger brother James would in fact become a noted engineer, helping complete the Buenos Aires harbour works in the 1880s and 1890s.) At the beginning of his career, he continued to study at the South Kensington School of Art, in his spare time, but without definite ambition. In December 1856 he entered the Board of Trade, gradually rising to the rank of principal in the harbour department, from which he retired in the autumn of 1901. In 1868, he had married Frances Mary, daughter of the distinguished civil engineer Nathaniel Beardmore (1816–1872) of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, and settled at Ealing. Dobson died in 1921 and his funeral was held on 6 September at St Peter's Church, Ealing. He is buried in the Westminster Cemetery Uxbridge Road, Hanwell, Middlesex.
Works
His official career was uneventful, but as a poet and biographer he was distinguished. Those who study his work are struck by its maturity. It was about 1864 that he turned his attention to writing original prose and verse, and some of his earliest works were his best. It was not until 1868 that the appearance of St Paul's, a magazine edited by Anthony Trollope, gave Harry Dobson an opportunity and an audience; and during the next six years he contributed some of his favourite poems, including "Tu Quoque," "A Gentleman of the Old School," "A Dialogue from Plato," and "Une Marquise." Many of his poems in their original form were illustrated—some, indeed, were written to support illustrations. Composer Mary Augusta Wakefield set at least one of his poems to music.
By the autumn of 1873 Dobson had produced enough verse for a volume, and published Vignettes in Rhyme, which quickly went through three editions. During the period of their appearance in the magazine the poems had received unusual attention, George Eliot, among others, encouraging the anonymous author. The little book immediately introduced him to a larger public. The period was an interesting one for a first appearance, since the air was full of metrical experiment. Swinburne's bold excursions into classical metre had broken new ground; it was hopeless to attempt to compete, and the poets of the day were looking for fresh forms and variations. Early in 1876, a small body of English poets discovered the French forms of Théodore de Banville, Clément Marot and François Villon, and determined to introduce them into English verse.
Dobson, who had already made successful use of the triolet, was at the head of this movement, and in May 1876 he published in The Prodigals the first original ballade written in English. This he followed by English versions of the rondel, rondeau and villanelle. An article in The Cornhill Magazine by Edmund Gosse, "A Plea for Certain Exotic Forms of Verse", appearing in July 1877, simultaneously with Dobson's second volume, Proverbs in Porcelain, drew the general eye to the possibilities and achievements of the movement. The experiment was deemed a success. In 1883 Dobson published Old-World Idylls, which contained some of his most characteristic work. By this time his taste was gradually settling on the period with which it has since become almost exclusively associated; and the spirit of the 18th century was revived in "The Ballad of Beau Brocade" and in "The Story of Rosina", as nowhere else in modern English poetry. In "Beau Brocade", the pictorial quality of his work is at its very best. He has been compared with Randolph Caldecott, with which it has much in common; but Dobson's humour was not so "rollicking" and his portraiture not so broad as that of the illustrator of John Gilpin. His appeal was more intellectual.
At the Sign of the Lyre (1885) was the next of Dobson's separate volumes of verse, and he also published a volume of Collected Poems (1897). At the Sign of the Lyre contains much variety. The admirably fresh and breezy "Ladies of St James's" has precisely the qualities we have traced in his other 18th-century poems; there are ballades and rondeaus, with all the earlier charm; and in "A Revolutionary Relic", as in "The Child Musician" of the Old-World Idylls, the poet reaches a depth of true pathos which he does not often attempt, but in which, when he seeks it, he never fails. Contrasting with these are the light occasional verses, influenced by Winthrop Mackworth Praed, but also quite individual. The chief novelty in At the Sign of the Lyre was the series of "Fables of Literature and Art", founded in manner upon John Gay. It is in these perhaps, more than in any other of his poems, that we see how Dobson interpenetrates the literature of fancy with the literature of judgment.
After 1885 Dobson was engaged mainly in critical and biographical prose, by which he added considerably to the general knowledge of his favourite 18th century writers. His biographies of Henry Fielding (1883), Thomas Bewick (1884), Richard Steele (1886), Oliver Goldsmith (1888), Horace Walpole (1890) and William Hogarth (1879-1891-1897-1902-1907) are studies marked alike by assiduous research, sympathetic presentation and sound criticism. In Four Frenchwomen (1890), in the three series of Eighteenth-Century Vignettes (1892-1894-1896), and in The Paladin of Philanthropy (1899), which contain unquestionably his most delicate prose work, the accurate detail of each study is relieved by a charm of expression which could only be attained by a poet. In 1901 he collected his hitherto unpublished poems in a volume entitled Carmina Votiva.
Dobson received an honorary doctorate (LL.D.) from the University of Edinburgh in March 1902.
In 2005 the Industrial/Nu metal band, Industrial Frost, used the words of a Dobson poem called "Before Sedan" as the lyrics of a song of the same name.
Bibliography
Principal monographs and stand-alone works
[trans.] The authentic history of Captain Castagnette: nephew of the "Man with the wooden head" (1866), London: S.O. Beeton
[revision of] The Civil Service History of England: Being a Fact-Book of English History (1870), by Frederick Averne White
"The drama of the doctor's window" : a brief statement concerning that poem since its appearance in "St. Paul's magazine," for February, 1870: with appendices respecting its "earlier history" (1872), London: samizdat. Only 30 copies were printed.
[text of] Marguerite's letter: ballad (1873), London : Chappell & Co., composed by Elizabeth Philp
[contributor to] The London Boy Problem, Some Reasons and Remedies: Homes for Working Boys in London (1876), London: s.n.
Proverbs in porcelain, and other verses (1877), London: H. S. King
A Handbook of English Literature, for the use of Candidates for Examinations, Public Schools, and Students generally (1880) London: Crosby Lockwood
Eighteenth Century Essays: selected and annotated (1882), London: Kegan Paul, Trench
Old-world Idylls and other verses (1883), London: Kegan Paul, Trench. The preliminary leaf reads "This selection is based upon one published at New York City in 1880. With a few exceptions, the pieces are chosen from Vignettes in Rhyme, 1873, and Proverbs in Porcelain, 1877. Both volumes are out of print."
Fielding (1883)
Thomas Bewick and his pupils (1884), London: Chatto & Windus
Life of Oliver Goldsmith (1888, act. [1887]), London: Walter Scott
[compiled] Pope Commemoration 1888: Loan Museum, Catalogue of Exhibits in the Town Hall, Twickenham (1888), Richmond: Edward King. Only 100 copies were printed.
Poems on several occasions (1889), New York: Dodd, Mead. The 1895 Edition contains corrections and additions to the text (pub. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner).
Horace Walpole: a memoir with an appendix of books printed at the Strawberry Hill press (1890), London: Osgood, McIlvaine
Four Frenchwomen (1890), London: Chatto & Windus. The work treats the lives of Charlotte Corday, Madame Roland, the Princess de Lamballe, and Madame de Genlis.
[ed.] The Citizen of The World (1891), London: Dent, by Oliver Goldsmith
Eighteenth Century Vignettes (1892), London: Chatto & Windus 2nd edition, 1897
The Ballad of Beau Brocade and Other Poems of the XVIIIth Century, with fifty illustrations (1892), London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. Hugh Thomson (illus.)
The Story of Rosina and other Verses (1895), London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. Hugh Thomson (illus.)
A Departmental Ditty (1899), 50 copies privately printed
Posthumous collections and editions
The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Austin Dobson (1923), A. T. A. Dobson (ed.)
References
This entry is updated from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
External links
Papers of Austin Dobson in Senate House Library
Some poems
1883 highly abridged version of Dobson's 1879 Hogarth
1840 births
1921 deaths
Burials in England
English essayists
Writers from Plymouth, Devon
British male essayists
English male poets
English male non-fiction writers
Occasional poets |
Idraparinux sodium is an anticoagulant medication in development by Sanofi-Aventis.
It has a similar chemical structure and the same method of action as fondaparinux, but with an elimination half-life about five to six times longer (an increase from fondaparinux's 17 hours to approximately 80 hours), which means that the drug should only need to be injected once a week.Supriya Dey et al recently reported shortest chemical synthesis of Idraparinux for the large scale production[8].
Sanofi discontinued the development of idraparinux sodium.
Negative clinical trial
A phase III trial of idraparinux sodium for stroke prevention in patients with AF (AMADEUS) was halted prematurely due to excessive clinically relevant and intracranial bleeding. Bleedings were particularly increased in elderly patients and those with renal impairment. Sanofi discontinued the development of idraparinux sodium in favour of a biotinylated formulation of the drug called idrabiotaparinux sodium.
Method of action
Idraparinux selectively blocks coagulation factor Xa.
See Heparin: Mechanism of anticoagulant action for a comparison of the mechanism of heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, fondaparinux and idraparinux.
Idrabiotaparinux
Idrabiotaparinux sodium is also administered once-weekly. It has the same pentasaccharidic structure as idraparinux sodium, but with biotin
attached, which allows its neutralisation with avidin, an egg-derived protein with low antigenicity.
Sanofi conducted three phase III trials of idrabiotaparinux sodium between 2006 and 2008 in approximately 13,550 patients. In one phase III trial (the BOREALIS-AF study), idrabiotaparinux sodium was non-inferior to warfarin in preventing the recurrent venous thromboembolism at three months in patients with pulmonary embolism and the incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was lower in the idrabiotaparinux sodium arm. The drug was expected to be filed for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation in 2011. The study was prematurely terminated, and the reason remains unclear. However, Sanofi has since discontinued its development. The company announced in May 2011 that the drug is available for licensing. A systematic review found that until now there is not sufficient evidence to clarify whether idraparinux or idrabiotaparinux are as effective and safe as the standard warfarin treatment for venous thromboembolism prevention. Idraparinux or idrabiotaparinux decreased major bleeding rate significantly but had a trend to increase the all-cause mortality compared with warfarin.
References
Oligosaccharides
Heparins
8. Supriya Dey, Hong Jay Lo and Chi Huey Wong “ An efficient Modular One pot synthesis of Heparin-Based Anticoagulant Idraparinux” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 10309 |
Operation Amba is the codename of a Russian programme to curtail the poaching of Siberian tigers in the Russian Far East. It was described as a strategic defence of the tiger which uses psychological operations as a major element. The programme was concentrated on identifying and neutralizing tiger traders in the Russian Far East and used small anti-poaching teams to roam the taiga and build a network among local population for support and information. Support from the local population and state law enforcement agencies was a key element of the programme. The name "Operation Amba" is derived from "Amba", the name for tiger used by the Udegai people of the Russian Far East.
Operation Amba has been widely successful, having saved cub tigers, made seizures of illegal poaching materials, and raided illegal operations and poaching rings.
Operation Amba is credited for bringing the Siberian tiger back from the brink of extinction in the mid-1990s and helping stabilize the population after years of heavy poaching. Prior to Operation Amba, an estimated 60 to 70 tigers were killed each year by commercial poachers who sold the body parts (skins, bones, etc.) to black market traders. By 1995, the population was thought to have dramatically decreased to just 250-300. By 2001 however, poaching was down to about 8 to 10 tigers per year, and the population had grown to about 400-450 tigers. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the latest Russian Census reports put the current number to be anywhere between 480 and 520 without including the small numbers of this subspecies present in mainland China.
See also
Siberian tiger
Poaching
Endangered species
References
External links
Summary Report
ZOOS AND CONSERVATION PROJECTS
Law enforcement in Russia |
"4C" is the 13th episode of the third season of the American television drama series Person of Interest. It is the 58th overall episode of the series and is written by producer Melissa Scrivner Love and executive producer Greg Plageman and directed by Stephen Williams. It aired on CBS in the United States and on CTV in Canada on January 14, 2014.
The series revolves around a computer program for the federal government known as "The Machine" that is capable of collating all sources of information to predict terrorist acts and to identify people planning them. A team, consisting of John Reese, Harold Finch and Sameen Shaw follow "irrelevant" crimes: lesser level of priority for the government. In the episode, Reese boards an international flight to escape his former life. However, the Machine indicates that the plane is in danger due to a passenger aboard and Reese must prevent a crash and uncover the mystery. Despite being credited, Kevin Chapman and Amy Acker do not appear in the episode.
According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 12.54 million household viewers and gained a 2.0/6 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received positive reviews, with critics praising Caviezel's performance and action scenes although the main case and Levine's performance received a more mixed response.
Plot
Reese (Jim Caviezel) boards a plane to Rome after his original flight to Istanbul is delayed thanks to the Machine, planning to get away from his former life. On the plane, he finds himself annoyed with some of the passengers but bonds with the flight attendant, Holly (Sally Pressman).
After the plane takes off, Reese discovers a Federal Marshal unconscious in the bathroom with his gun missing. He also notices another Marshal next to a young man (Samm Levine) on the "4C" passenger seat. He contacts Finch (Michael Emerson), accusing him of putting him on a mission but Finch reaffirms he didn't do anything and he didn't even get a number from the Machine.
Reese notifies the other Marshal about the events when the Marshal falls unconscious after being drugged. A Colombian man tries to inject the young man, Owen Matthews, but Reese knocks him out. Matthews states he was being escorted by the Marshals for being a programmer in a black market case involving online drug trafficking. Finch meets with Shaw (Sarah Shahi) and discusses his idea that Matthews may be a relevant number and some organizations, including NSA and ISA are investigating him. Matthews confirms meeting with "The Sphinx", the head of the Black Market Bazaar. This explains the situation: the Sphinx wants to kill him as he is the only person who can identify and his cartel allies will also want him dead to avoid association.
Reese prevents another assassination attempt on Matthews by Mossad agents, overcoming them with the help of Holly. Shaw later discovers from a former associate that ISA sent her replacement to the plane to kill Matthews. Reese subdues the assassin and has Holly put Matthews on the cargo hold. Reese eventually discovers that Matthews is not a programmer who works for the Sphinx, he is the Sphinx. The Mossad agent regains consciousness and attacks Reese again but he is defeated when Matthews knocks him out with a golf club. On New York, Shaw interrogates Hersh (Boris McGiver) after poisoning him, she finds that Matthews was made the Sphinx to cover their profits on the Black Market Bazaar and finance the ISA. They want Matthews dead as he plans to go public about his real identity.
Finch finds that the Colombian cartel had another man aboard. The man is revealed to be one of the flight attendants, knocks the Captain out and plans to crash the plane. Using the trolley, Reese enters the cabin and starts fighting the assassin while Finch attempts to land the plan through his computer. Despite some difficulty, Finch manages to safely land the plane while Reese knocks the assassin. Reese then gets Matthews out of the plane through baggage and gives him an address so he can hide until Finch contacts him. Reese then goes on a date with Holly before she leaves for work, telling him to call her. He then spots Finch in a café and both talk briefly. He tells Finch he wants a new suit as he will come back and work with him again.
Reception
Viewers
In its original American broadcast, "4C" was seen by an estimated 12.54 million household viewers and gained a 2.0/6 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This means that 2.0 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 6 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. This was a 3% increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 12.10 million viewers with a 2.0/6 in the 18-49 demographics. With these ratings, Person of Interest was the third most watched show on CBS for the night, behind NCIS: Los Angeles and NCIS, first on its timeslot and fourth for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., NCIS: Los Angeles, and NCIS.
With Live +7 DVR factored in, the episode was watched by 17.35 million viewers with a 3.2 in the 18-49 demographics.
Critical reviews
"4C" received positive reviews from critics. Matt Fowler of IGN gave the episode a "great" 8 out of 10 rating and wrote in his verdict, "'4C' wasn't exactly the come-to-Jesus episode Reese deserved, but overall it was a grimly amusing sky caper - showing us how The Machine now has the power to circumvent Finch entirely and place its own operatives where they need to be in order to stop disasters. The character of Owen was a bit too much, but watching Reese use most every found element on a commercial flight to battle his way through an avalanche of assassins was good stuff."
Phil Dyess-Nugent of The A.V. Club gave the episode an "A−" grade and wrote, "'4C' is about Reese's return to the land of the living, and the renewal of his commitment to the mission that gave him a reason to tighten up and move forward the last time he felt like resigning from the human race. It's also an example of this show's action-thriller formula at its purest, because Reese rediscovers his sense of mission not through talking things out or exploring his feelings but through action."
References
External links
Person of Interest (TV series) episodes
2014 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Stephen Williams (director)
Television episodes set in Rome |
Glyphis may refer to:
Glyphis (lichen), a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae
Glyphis (shark), a genus of river sharks from Southeast Asia and Australia |
Absentia is an American thriller drama television series that premiered on September 25, 2017, on Amazon Prime Video in the United States and AXN internationally. Directed by Oded Ruskin, the series stars Stana Katic, Matthew Le Nevez and Patrick Heusinger. The series was renewed for a second season, premiering on March 26, 2019, on AXN, and premiered in the United States on June 14, 2019. The third season premiered on July 17, 2020 exclusively on Amazon Prime Video. In May 2021, the series was cancelled after three seasons.
Premise
The series tells the story of FBI special agent Emily Byrne, who disappears without a trace while hunting one of Boston's most notorious serial killers, and she is declared dead in absentia. Six years later, she is found in a cabin in the woods, barely alive and with no memory of the years that she was missing. She returns home to learn that her husband has remarried and her son is being raised by the new wife, and she soon finds herself implicated in a new series of murders.
Cast and characters
Main
Stana Katic as Special Agent Emily Byrne, a former FBI special agent who disappeared while hunting one of Boston's most notorious serial killers and was presumed dead, but returns six years later with no memory of her abduction. While struggling to rebuild her life and unravel the mystery of her disappearance, she becomes the prime suspect in a string of shocking new murders, and becomes a fugitive. Kalina Zaharieva plays a young Emily.
Patrick Heusinger as Special Agent Nick Durand, Emily's husband and fellow FBI special agent who suffers with guilt that he stopped looking for Emily. He attempts to balance his life with Emily's return and his resurfacing feelings for her against his new marriage to Alice. After Emily goes on the run, his belief in her innocence crumbles and, after his family is endangered, relentlessly hunts her down.
Cara Theobold as Alice Durand (seasons 1–2; guest season 3), Nick's new wife and Flynn's stepmother. Alice attempts to remain graceful and kind, but her behaviour towards Emily becomes increasingly harsh in the chaos after her return, believing she is a danger to Flynn and she is losing Nick's affection.
Neil Jackson as Jack Byrne, Emily's older brother, a former surgeon who lost his job and medical license due to his alcohol addiction. In the first season he is a medical supply salesman. In the second season, after getting his medical license back, he starts working as an EMT and a paramedic working towards being reinstated as a medical doctor.
Angel Bonanni as Detective Tommy Gibbs (seasons 1–2), an ambitious and relentless Boston Police detective in charge of investigating Emily for murder, who later teams up with Nick to hunt Emily down.
Bruno Bichir as Dr. Daniel Vega (season 1), an FBI psychologist and profiler, who works with Emily to heal her psychological wounds and find her abductor.
Paul Freeman as Warren Byrne, a retired Boston Police officer and Emily's adoptive father.
Ralph Ineson as Special Agent Adam Radford (season 1), the political and career-minded special agent in charge of the FBI's Boston field office, and Nick and Emily's boss. While he cares about Emily, he later coordinates a manhunt for her after she goes on the run.
Christopher Colquhoun as Special Agent Derek Crown, an FBI special agent and colleague of Emily and Nick, who is later promoted to special agent in charge of the office after Radford's death. He is later demoted and replaced by Julianne Gunnarsen, but is re-promoted to the position near the end of the series after Gunnarsen is arrested for corruption and murder.
Patrick McAuley as Flynn Durand, Emily's son with Nick, who has almost no memory of his mother and so is estranged and uncomfortable around her, although they gradually build a relationship.
Matthew Le Nevez as Special Agent Cal Isaac (seasons 2–3), an FBI special agent and colleague of Emily and Nick, as well as a rugged former Navy SEAL, who becomes Emily's similarly haunted, loyal and empathetic counterpart.
Natasha Little as Special Agent Julianne Gunnarsen (seasons 2–3), a new member of the Boston Field Office who is regarded as the FBI's best profiler, and joins the office after a lethal terrorist attack impacts Boston. She is later promoted to replace Crown as Special Agent in Charge of the office. She is eventually arrested near the end of the series for multiple acts of corruption, including Alice's murder, after her connection to an international crime ring is uncovered.
Recurring
Lydia Leonard as Logan Brandt / Laurie Colson (season 1; guest season 2), a journalist investigating Emily.
Richard Brake as Conrad Harlow (season 1), a reclusive wealthy banker and prime suspect in the serial killer case Emily was investigating before her disappearance. While the FBI was never able to make a case against Harlow as the serial killer, he is convicted of Emily's kidnapping and murder and sent to prison. Six years later, Emily's discovery results in his release.
Hugh Quarshie as Dr. Semo Oduwale (season 2), Flynn's therapist and Alice's mentor.
Geoff Bell as Colin Dawkins (season 3), a fixer working for an international crime syndicate to retrieve incriminating files by any means necessary.
Josette Simon as Rowena Kincade (season 3), Emily's former FBI instructor.
Ross O'Hennessy as Armstrong (season 3), Cal Isaac's former unit leader in Afghanistan
Episodes
Season 1 (2017)
Season 2 (2019)
Season 3 (2020)
Production
Production was completed in Bulgaria on the ten-episode series, with every episode directed by Oded Ruskin. The entire first season was shot together, as though it were one long movie.
Release
The world premiere of Absentia was the opening selection at the 57th Monte Carlo Television Festival in June 2017. Absentia was a featured panel at Sony Pictures Television for the annual TV Market.
In Canada, Absentia was shown on Showcase in early 2018. In the United States, the series was picked up by Amazon and was released on Amazon Video on February 2, 2018. It was released on Amazon Video in the United Kingdom and Australia. The series was released in Sweden, Norway and Denmark on Viaplay December 5, 2017.
Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds an approval rating of 47% based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 5.78/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Absentia sticks too closely to the procedural handbook, leaving its capable lead and mildly intriguing mystery treading water." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100, based on the opinions of four critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
References
External links
2010s Bulgarian television series
2010s American crime drama television series
2010s American mystery television series
2020s Bulgarian television series
2020s American crime drama television series
2020s American mystery television series
2017 American television series debuts
2020 American television series endings
English-language television shows
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television shows set in Boston
Television shows set in Bulgaria |
Garron Plateau ASSI is a 4652.18-hectare area of special scientific interest in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Upland blanket bogs cover basalt rocks, and flushing by mineral-enriched water has resulted in the formation of alkaline fen vegetation. There are small areas of standing and running water but bogs, marshes, water fringed vegetation and fens cover 70% of the area. The remainder is heath and scrubland, humid grassland and mesophile grassland.
The peatland complex is composed of a series of raised and flushed peat bog and oligotrophic lakes. Plants include Erica tetralix, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eriophorum vaginatum, dwarf-shrubs and Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum fuscum and Sphagnum imbricatum. Garron Plateau is the main Irish location for Carex pauciflora and Carex magellanica. The areas of flushed peat are floristically rich, with black bog-rush Schoenus nigricans and brown mosses. The site contains populations of Saxifraga hirculus and the bog orchid Hammarbya paludosa.
References
Nature reserves in Northern Ireland
Ramsar sites in Northern Ireland |
St. Thomas High School (French: École secondaire St. Thomas) is an English-language public high school in the municipality of Pointe-Claire, in Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1960, it was originally a Roman Catholic foundation, and it is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization's certified Middle Years Programme. The school is the second-largest high school operated by the Lester B. Pearson School Board, after John Rennie High School, which is also located in Pointe-Claire. For the 2008 school year, St. Thomas High School ranked 1 out of all 466 schools in the province.
The present population is 1,355 students and includes students from thirty-nine Elementary Schools. St. Thomas has a Code of Conduct developed collaboratively by staff, and parents, which ensures a student's right to be educated in a caring, respectful environment. St. Thomas has an Honour Society in order to grant recognition to their top students.
The Lester B. Pearson School Board moved St. Thomas High (formerly at 120 Ambassador Avenue, Pointe Claire) into Lindsay Place High School in July 2021, whence Lindsay Place ceased to exist. The board's plan integrated the student populations from both high schools, with as little student displacement as possible.
Notable alumni
Paul Brousseau, drafted by the Quebec Nordiques
Dr. Joe Cassidy, head of St Chad's College, Durham, England
Jeremy Davies, drafted by the Nashville Predators
Linda Griffiths, actress and playwright
Ross Hull, Canadian actor
Brittany Kennell, Canadian country music artist and former contestant on The Voice season 10
Eric Langill, former MiLB player and current bullpen catcher for the New York Mets
Terence McKenna, Canadian film producer, journalist
Casey McKinnon, actress
Autumn Phillips (née Kelly), the former wife of Peter Phillips
Brandon Reid, former NHL player
Michael Soles, former CFL player
Peter Szmidt, swimmer
Larry Tittley, former star Canadian Football League player
Joe Veleno, drafted by the Detroit Red Wings
References
High schools in Montreal
International Baccalaureate schools in Quebec
English-language schools in Quebec
Education in Pointe-Claire
Lester B. Pearson School Board
Buildings and structures in Pointe-Claire
Educational institutions established in 1960
1960 establishments in Quebec |
Coffee production in Jamaica began after 1728, when governor Sir Nicholas Lawes introduced the crop near Castleton, north of Kingston. Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is the special variety of coffee that is grown in the Blue Mountains region, which has the most conducive climate and topographical features; this variety is known for its scent and sweet taste. Most of Jamaica's coffee production is grown for export.
Plantation
Most of the coffee grown on the island is a derivative of the Brazilian variety known as Coffea arabica Typica, constituting 70% of the yield, while other varieties grown are hybrid varieties of caturra, geisha, etc. The coffee that is grown in the Blue Mountains region, known as the Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee, is said to be of very high quality and is mostly exported. Coffee is grown at an elevation of , with a rainfall incidence varying from to more than . Farming methods are specifically oriented towards a high rate of production with optimum acidity.
Regulation
The Ministry of Agriculture and its subordinate office, the Jamaica Agricultural Commodities Authority (previously the Coffee Industry Board), are responsible for all activities of the coffee sector. The Coffee Industry Development Company (CIDCO) (was set up by what was then the Coffee Industry Board) assumes direct responsibility for coffee production and also to render assistance to farmers owning or more of land dedicated to this crop.
The Coffee Industry Regulation Act specifies what coffee may use the Blue Mountain label, and also restricts the use of the Blue Mountain trademark to production authorised by the Jamaica Agricultural Commodities Authority broadly speaking, coffee harvested from the parishes of Saint Andrew, Saint Thomas, Portland, and Saint Mary may be considered Blue Mountain coffee.
Production
According to FAO statistics for 2013, Jamaican coffee production was 6,984 tons, representing about 0.1% of world production. The coffee was grown in an area of with a yield rate of 8,730 hectogram per ha. For the period from 1981 to 2013, the lowest production was 958 tons in 1979 and the highest was 15,117 tons in 2007.
Coffee is an export commodity. As it is labour-intensive, it provides employment to a large extent to the rural and urban people of the country right through the stages of production, processing, and sale. Requirement for export has exceeded production. More than 80 per cent of the production of Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is exported to Japan. In 2005, there was a shortfall in this export on account of destruction to the crop resulting from the Hurricane Ivan in the later part of 2004.
See also
Tia Maria
Economy of Jamaica
List of countries by coffee production
References
Bibliography
Jamaica
Agriculture in Jamaica
Jamaica–Japan relations |
The filmography on immigration in Italy is a phenomenon started with the arrival of the first migratory flows in Italy, since the 1990s.
Italian films
1988 - 1999
Emir Kusturica, Time of the Gypsies (United Kingdom/Italy/Yugoslavia, 1988)
Michele Placido, Pummarò (Italy, 1990)
Marcello Bivona, Clandestini nella città (Italy/Tunisia, 1992)
Claudio Fragasso, Teste rasate (Italy, 1993)
Gianni Amelio, Lamerica (Italy/France/Switzerland, 1994)
Maurizio Zaccaro, Article 2 – L’Articolo 2 - (Italy, 1994)
Renzo Martinelli, The Waterbaby - Sarahsarà (Italy, 1994)
Various directors, Intolerance (Italy, 1996)
Carlo Mazzacurati, Vesna va veloce (Italy/France, 1996)
Matteo Garrone, Terra di mezzo (Italy, 1996)
Massimo Martelli, Pole pole (Italy, 1996)
Rachid Benhadj, Another Country in My Eyes : The Tree of Hanging Destinies - L’albero dei destini sospesi (Italy, 1997)
Bernardo Bertolucci, Besieged (Italy/United Kingdom, 1998)
Mohammed Hammoussi, Permesso di soggiorno (Italy, 1998)
Luigi Faccini, Giamaica (Italy, 1998)
Matteo Garrone, Guests - Ospiti (Italy, 1998)
2000 - 2009
Corso Salani, West - Occidente (Italy, 2000)
Marco Manetti and Antonio Manetti, Zora the Vampire (Italy, 2000)
Vincenzo Marra, Sailing Home - Tornando a casa (Italy, 2001)
Gianluca Greco, Nemmeno in un sogno (Italy, 2001)
Ennio De Dominicis, L’italiano (Italy, 2001)
Edmund Budina, Letters in the Wind (Italy, 2002)
Enrica Colosso, Chi non rischia non beve champagne (Italy, 2002)
Alessandro Benvenuti, Ti spiace se bacio mamma? (Italy, 2003)
Francesco Munzi, Saimir (Italy, 2004)
Enrico Verra, Sotto il sole nero (Italy, 2004)
Vittorio De Seta, Letters from the Sahara - Lettere dal Sahara (Italy, 2005)
Marco Tullio Giordana, Once You're Born You Can No Longer Hide (Italy, 2005)
Giorgio Diritti, Il vento fa il suo giro (Italy, 2005)
Daniele Vicari, L'orizzonte degli eventi (Italy, 2005)
Carmine Amoroso, Cover Boy (Italy, 2006)
Vittorio Moroni, Le ferie di Licu (Italy, 2006)
Costanza Quatriglio, Il mondo addosso (Italy, 2006)
Carlo Mazzacurati, La giusta distanza (Italy, 2007)
Mohsen Melliti, I, the Other (Italy, 2007)
Marco Simon Puccioni, Shelter Me (aka Riparo) (Italy, 2007)
Claudio Cupellini, Lezioni di cioccolato (Italy, 2007)
Laura Muscardin, Billo - Il grand Dakhaar (Italy/Senegal, 2007)
Paolo Genovese and Luca Miniero, This Night Is Still Ours (Italy, 2008)
Cristina Comencini, Bianco e nero (Italy, 2008)
Federico Bondi, Black Sea (Italy/France/Romania, 2008)
Nello La Marca, La Terramadre (Italy, 2008)
Enrico Pitzianti, Tutto torna (Italy, 2008)
Francesco Munzi, The Rest of the Night - Il resto della notte (Italy, 2008)
Mohamed Zineddaine, Tu te souviens d'Adil? - Ti ricordi di Adil? (Morocco/Italia, 2008)
Marco Campogiani, The Right Thing - La cosa giusta (Italy, 2009)
Razi Mohebi, Reame del Nulla (Italy, 2009)
Claudio Noce, Good morning Aman (Italy, 2009)
2010 - 2019
Isotta Toso, Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore in Piazza Vittorio (Italy, 2010)
Paola Randi, Into Paradiso (Italy, 2010)
Andrea Segre, Il Sangue verde (Italy, 2010)
Pino Esposito, Il nuovo sud dell'Italia (Italy/Switzerland, 2010)
Razi Mohebi, Gridami (Italy, 2010)
Peter Del Monte, The Ballad of the Windshield Washers (Italy, 2010)
Marco Turco, La straniera (Italy, 2010)
Ricky Tognazzi, The Father and the Foreigner (Italy, 2010)
Massimo Coppola, Afraid of the Dark (Bruises) - Hai paura del buio (Italy, 2010) – TV Movie
Stefano Incerti, Gorbaciof (Italy, 2010)
Alessio Maria Federici, Lezioni di cioccolato 2 (Italy, 2011)
Claudia Palazzi and Clio Sozzani, Jeans and Martò (Italy, 2011)
Francesco Patierno, Things from Another World (Italy, 2011)
Andrea Segre, Shun Li and the Poet (Italy/France, 2011)
Emanuele Crialese, Terraferma (Italy/France, 2011)
Anis Gharbi, To Paradise (Italy, 2011)
Ermanno Olmi, The Cardboard Village (Italy, 2011)
Martina Parenti and Massimo D’Anolfi, Il castello (Italy, 2011)
Guido Lombardi, Là-bas: A Criminal Education (Italy, 2011)
Lorenzo Ceva Valla Mario Garofalo, Ainom (Italy, 2011)
Gianluca De Serio, Massimiliano De Serio, Sette opere di misericordia (Italy/Romania, 2011)
Mary Griggion, Sotto lo stesso Cielo (Italy, 2012)
Peter Marcias, Dimmi che destino avrò (Italy, 2012)
Paolo Bianchini, Il sole dentro (Italy, 2012)
Filippo Grilli, La sabbia nelle tasche (Italy, 2012)
Francesco Castellani, Black star. Nati sotto una stella nera (Italy, 2012)
Claudio Giovannesi, Alì Blue Eyes (Italy, 2012)
Antonio Bellia, Il santo nero (Italy, 2013)
Andrea Segre, First Snowfall (Italy, 2013)
Daniele Gaglianone, My Class (Italy, 2013)
Alessandro Gassman, Razzabastarda (Italy, 2013)
Haider Rashid, Sta per piovere (Italy/Iraq, 2013)
Laura Halilovic, Io Rom romantica (Italy, 2014)
Antonio Augugliaro, Gabriele Del Grande and Khaled Soliman Al Nassiry, On the Bride's Side (Italy, 2014)
Pupi Avati, Con il sole negli occhi (Italy, 2015) – TV Movie
Laura Bispuri, Sworn Virgin (Italy/Switzerland/France/Germany/Albania/Kosovo, 2015)
Gianfranco Rosi, Fire at Sea (Italy, 2016)
Suranga Deshapriya Katugampala, Per un figlio (Italy/Sri Lanka, 2016)
Phaim Bhuyian, Bangla (Italy, 2019)
Roberto San Pietro, The Vegetarian - Il vegetariano (Italy, 2019)
Giulio Base, Bar Jospeph - Bar Giuseppe (Italy, 2019)
2020 -
Marco Pontecorvo and Claudio Amendola, Carlo & Malik - Nero a metà - television series (2018-2022)
Luciano Manuzzi, Mom to Hundreds - Tutto il giorno davanti (2020)
Maurizio Zaccaro, Nour, (2020)
Hleb Papou, The Legionnaire – Il legionario (2021)
Claudio Rossi Massimi, The Right to Happiness - Il diritto alla felicità (2021)
Mario Vitale, L'afide e la formica (2021)
Other films
Olivia Lamasan, Milan (Philippines, 2004)
Valeriu Jereghi, Arrivederci (Moldova, 2008)
Thomas Ciulei, Il ponte di fiori (Podul de Flori) (Romania/Germany, 2008)
Mark A. Reyes, I.T.A.L.Y. (I Trust and Love You) (Philippines, 2008)
Bobby Paunescu, Francesca (Romania, 2009)
Dyana Gaye, Under the Starry Sky - Des Étoiles (France, 2013)
Ben Sombogaart, Rafaël, (Netherlands/Belgium/Croatia, 2018)
Italian short films and documentaries
1992 - 1999
Hatem Abed, Roma profuma di nuove spezie, 19’
Arnaldo Catinari, Shish Mahal (Italy, 1992) 28’
Mino Crocè, L’altro aspetto (Italy, 1992) 14’
Monica Stambrini, Vorrei urlare (Italy, 1994) 13’
Gianfranco Galiè, Tutti i colori del cielo (Italy, 1994) 60’
Marcello Casarini, La ruota spezzata (Italy, 1995) 50’
Stefano Monticelli, Su-nu-gal: la nostra piroga (Italy, 1996) 40’
Quirino Di Paolo, Il tempo di ascoltare (Italy, 1996) 20’
Maurizio Pasetti, Andrea Rossini, Cartoline dalla Jugoslavia - Rom Khorakhané a Brescia, 1991-1996 (Italy, 1997) 23’
2000 - 2009
Alessandro Angelini, Ragazzi del Ghana (Italy, 2000) 43’
Armando Ceste, Abdellah e i suoi fratelli (Italy, 2000) 56’
Jacopo Quadri, Mario Martone, Un posto al mondo (Italy, 2000) 76’
Vincenzo Mancuso, Tra Genova e Fez. Una famiglia in viaggio (Italy, 2002) 49’
Michele Carrillo, Tra due terre (Italy, 2005) 70’
Mario Garofalo, Jasmine (Italy, 2005) 14’
Claudio Bozzatello, Foku - Fuoco Sporco (Italy, 2005) 18’40’’
Christian Bonatesta, Approdo Italia (Italy, 2005)
Armando Ceste, Love difference (Italy, 2006) 25’
Massimiliano Pacifico and Diego Liguori, Cricket Cup (Italy, 2006) 49’
Agostino Ferrente, L’orchestra di Piazza Vittorio (Italy, 2006) 93’
Nene Griffagnini and Francesco Conversano, Partire, Ritornare. In viaggio con Tahar Ben Jelloun (Italy, 2007) 50’
Claudio Giovannesi, Welcome Bucarest (Italy, 2007) 40'
Andrea Deaglio, Nera. Non è la terra promessa (Italy, 2007) 22’
Federico Ferrone, Michele Manzolini, Francesco Ragazzi, Merica! (Italy, 2007) 65’
Dagmawi Yimer, Sintayehu Eshetu, Solomon Moges, Menghistu Andechal, Adam Awad, Il deserto e il mare (Italy, 2007) 60’
Carlotta Ehremberg, Dietro la porta (Italy, 2007) 6’
Laye Gaye, Life in the city (Italy, 2008) 30’
Andrea Segre, Riccardo Biadene and Dagmawi Yimer, Come un uomo sulla terra (Italy, 2008) 60’
Marco Segato, Via Anelli, la chiusura del ghetto (Italy, 2008) 68'
Filippo Meneghetti, Maistrac - Lavorare in Cantiere (Italy, 2008) 55’
Marco Simon Puccioni, Il colore delle parole (Italy, 2009), 70’
Lemnaouer Ahmine, La trappola (Italy/Algeria, 2009), 54’
Antonio Martino, Nìguri (Italy, 2009) 50’
Simone Amendola, Alisya nel Paese delle Meraviglie (Italy, 2009), 38’
Edoardo Winspeare, Sotto il Celio Azzurro (Italy, 2009) 80’
Andrea Solieri and Cristiano Regina, Liberi altrove, (Italy, 2009) 20’
Andrea D'Ambrosio and Maurizio Cartolano, Campania burning (Italy, 2009) 60’
Rossella Piccinno, Hanna e Violka (Italy/Polonia, 2009) 56’
Riccardo Cremona, Vincenzo De Cecco, Miss little China (Italy, 2009)
Enrico Montalbano, Angela Giardina, Ilaria Sposito, La Terra (e)strema (Italy, 2009) 55’
2010 -
Dagmawi Yimer, C.A.R.A. Italia (Etiopia/Italia, 2010)
Jacopo Tartarone, Hermanitos, fratelli d'Italia (Italy, 2010)
Dagmawi Yimer, Fabrizio Barraco and Giulio Cederna, Soltanto il mare (Italy, 2010)
Dario Leone, Adina e Dumitra (Italy, 2010) 5’
Gabriele Borghi, Lettera a Natasha (Italy, 2010) 8’20’’
Anna Bernasconi and Giulia Ciniselli, Via Padova – Istruzioni per l’uso (Italy, 2010) 52’
Bepi Vigna, Atteros: breve viaggio nel mondo dell’immigrazione (Italy, 2010) 49’30’’
Luca Romano, Francesco Amodeo, Armando Andria, Mario Leonbruno, Non è un paese per neri (Italy, 2010) 52’
Federico Greco, MEI [MEIG] Voci Migranti (Italy, 2010) 50’
Gianfranco Marino, Life in Italy is Ok - Emergency Programma Italia (Italy, 2011), 38’
Diego Garbini and Toni Garbini, Un luogo comune (Italy, 2011), 44’
Ilyess Ben Chouikha and Giulia Bondi, Harraguantanamo (Italy, 2011) 5’
Matteo Calore and Stefano Collizzolli, I nostri anni migliori (Italy, 2011) 46’
Aluk Amiri, Hamed Dera, Hevi Dilara, Zakaria Mohamed Ali e Dagmawi Yimer, Benvenuti in Italia (Italy, 2011) 60’
Mariangela Barbanente, Ferrhotel (Italy, 2011) 73’
Imad Al Hunaiti, Eranga Hettiwatte, Nizar Jelassi, Anita Magno, Tomo Sulejmanovic, Patrizia Maiorana, Giuseppe Minolfi, Libera tutti (Italy, 2011) 109’
Lemnaouer Ahmine and Francesco Cannito, La curt de l'America (Italy, 2011) 52’
Alvaro Lanciai, Locked in Limbo (Italy, 2011), 61’
Annamaria Gallone, Le due storie di Adamà (Italy, 2011), 50’
Juan Martin Baigorria and Lisa Tormena, Aicha è tornata (Italy, 2011), 33’
Fred Kudjo Kuwornu, 18 Ius soli (Italy, 2011) 50’
Adil Tanani, Il debito del mare (Italy, 2011) 15’
Harvinder Sing, Saverio Paoletta, Tan kosh (progetto I cinque favoriti) (2011) 52’
Franco Basaglia, Le perle di ritorno (Italy, 2011) 62’
Francesco Cannito, Luca Cusani, Lemnaouer Ahmine, Il rifugio (Italy, 2011) 65’
Simone Brioni, Graziano Chiscuzzu, Ermanno Guida, La quarta via. Mogadiscio, Italia (Italy, 2012) 37'
Simone Brioni, Graziano Chiscuzzu, Ermanno Guida, Aulò. Roma Postcoloniale (Italy, 2012) 47'
Maura Delpero, Nadea e Sveta (Italy, 2012) 62’
Stefano Liberti and Andrea Segre, Mare chiuso (Italy, 2012)
Daniele Vicari, La nave dolce (Italy, 2012)
Simone Amendola, Padrone bravo (Italy, 2012), 48’
Mattia Levratti and Alessandro Levratti, La prigione degli altri (2012) 21’
Cristian Sabatelli, Pippo Cariglia, L’altra città (2012) 38’
Martin Errichiello and Gabriele Sossella, Arcipelaghi (Italy, 2012) 18’
Cinzia Castania, Mineo Housing (Italy, 2012), 59’
Alessandro Grande, Margerita (Italy, 2013), 15’
Dagmawi Yimer, Va’ Pensiero, storie ambulanti (2013)
Alessio Genovese and Raffaella Cosentino, EU 013, l'ultima frontiera (Italy, 2013) 62’
Stefano Mencherini, Schiavi (Italy, 2013)
Stefano Liberti, Enrico Parenti, Container 158 (Italy, 2013), 62’
Morteza Kaleghi, La polvere di Kabul
Giusy Buccheri and Michele Citoni, Il futuro è troppo grande, (Italy, 2014) 75’
Andrea Segre, Come il peso dell'acqua (Italy, 2014), 110'
David Fedele, The Land Between (Italy, 2014) 78’
Paolo Martino, Terra di transito (Italy, 2014), 54’
Marcello Merletto, Wallah Je te jure (Niger, Senegal, Italy, 2016), 63'
R. Benbrik, E. Colanero, R. Danise, A. Riccardi, S. Tali, T. Fischer, Fuori fuoco (Italy, 2018), 78'
See also
Immigration to Italy
Forced displacement in popular culture
References
Awards and Film Festivals
Festival del cinema africano, d'Asia e America Latina, Milan
Festival Cinéma et Migrations, Agadir
Terra di tutti Film Festival, Bologna
Lampedusa in Festival, Lampedusa
Festival del Cinema dei Diritti Umani, Naples
Festival di cinema africano Verona
Premio Mutti – AMM, per il Cinema migrante
RIACEinFESTIVAL - Festival delle Migrazioni e delle Culture locali, Riace
Bando internazionale per cortometraggi sull'immigrazione
Festival migrantskega filma - Festival of Migrant Film, Ljubljana
Rassegna Crocevia di sguardi. Documentari e approfondimenti per capire le migrazioni, Turin
Bibliography
in English
Russel King,The Troubled Passage: Migration and New Cultural Encounters in Southern Europe in The Mediterranean Passage: Migration and New Cultural Encounters in Southern Europe, ed. Russell King, 1-21, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press (2001)
Nicola Mai, Myths and moral panics: Italian identity and the media representation of Albanian immigration, in: Grillo, R. D and Pratt, Jeff. C, (eds.) The Politics of Recognising Difference: Multiculturalism Italian Style. Research in migration and ethnic relations series, Ashgate, Aldershot, pp. 77–94 (2002)
Michela Ardizzoni, Redrawing the Boundaries of Italianness: Televised Identities in the Age of Globalisation, “Social Identities”, 11.5: 509-29 (2005)
Derek Duncan, The Sight and Sound of Albanian Migration in Contemporary Italian Cinema, New Readings 8:1-15 (2007)
Derek Duncan, Italy’s Postcolonial Cinema and its Histories of Representation, “Italian Studies”, 63.2: 195-211 (2008)
Áine O'Healy, Mediterranean Passages: Abjection and Belonging in Contemporary Italian Cinema, “California Italian Studies”, 1:1 (2010)
Grace Russo Bullaro, From Terrone to Extracomunitario: New Manifestations of Racism in Contemporary Italian Cinema, Troubador Publishing, Leicester (2010)
Sabine Schrader/Daniel Winkler Ed., The Cinema of Italian Migration. European and Transatlantic Narratives, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 2013 (con una filmografia tematica dal film muto ad oggi)
Áine O'Healy, Postcolonial Theory and Italy’s ‘Multicultural’ Cinema, "The Italian Cinema Book", ed. Peter Bondanella, Basingstoke: Palgrave, (2014) 295-302.
in Italian
Ada Lonni, Immigrati, Bruno Mondadori, Turin, 2003
Luisa Cicognetti and Lorenza Servetti, Migranti in celluloide: storici, cinema ed emigrazione, Editoriale umbra, Foligno, 2003
Sonia Cincinelli, I migranti nel cinema italiano, Kappa Edizioni, Rome, 2009
Ernesto Calvanese, Media e immigrazione tra stereotipi e pregiudizi. La rappresentazione dello straniero nel racconto giornalistico, FrancoAngeli, Milan, 2011
Sonia Cincinelli, Senza frontiere. L’immigrazione nel cinema italiano, Kappa edizioni, Rome, 2012
Claudia Svampa, Cinquanta sfumature di mare (per gli immigrati al largo del cinema italiano), “Liberta Civili”, May-June 2012, 29
Enrico Cammarata, Cinema e diritti umani. Una breve storia, Ti Pubblica, 2013
Andrea Corrado, Igor Mariottini, preface by Gianni Canova, Cinema e autori sulle tracce delle migrazioni, Ediesse, Rome, 2013
Vincenzo Valentino, Racconti di immigrazione nel cinema del reale, on "Officina della Storia", June 10, 2014
in French
Romain Blandeau, Un nouveau cinéma italien en prise avec l’immigration, www.lesinrocks.com, 30 settembre 2011
External links
Gianluca Arnone, Immigrazione, il cinema non indifferente, www.cinematografo.it, July 8, 2013
Simone Saibene, Gli immigrati nel cinema italiano, on Popoli, 2008
Gli immigrati di seconda generazione nel cinema europeo contemporaneo, on www.minori.it, June 10, 2011
Filmography on "Movies and Migrations" - Cestim on line
List of films and documentaries - Archivio Memorie Migranti
Documentaries on migrations to Italy, “Libero Bizzarri” Foundation |
Danero Axel Thomas (born 8 April 1986) is an American and Icelandic basketball player who currently plays for Hamar in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild karla. A naturalized Icelandic citizen, he debuted with the Icelandic national basketball team in 2018.
College
Thomas played college basketball for Murray State from 2006 to 2010. On March 19, 2010, he scored a 15-foot fadeaway shot at the buzzer, giving 13th-seeded Murray State a 66-65 victory over fourth-seeded Vanderbilt in the first round of the 2010 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.
Playing career
Thomas joined KR prior to the 2012–2013 Úrvalsdeild karla season but was released from his contract in November that year. In 7 regular season games, he averaged 11.1 points and 5 rebounds.
Thomas joined Þór Akureyri in 2015 and helped them win the 1. deild karla in 2016 and gain promotion to Úrvalsdeild karla. He left the club in January 2017, after averaging 16.6 points, 7.1 rebounds and 3.1 in thirteen games, and joined ÍR.
On March 25, 2018, Thomas scored the game winning and series clinching basket in game five of ÍR's first round playoffs series against Stjarnan.
On May 8, 2018, Thomas signed with Tindastóll. On 30 September, he won the Icelandic Super Cup after Tindastóll beat KR, 103-72. During the regular season, Thomas averaged 13.2 points and 5.9 rebounds and played all 22 games. In the playoffs, he averaged 14.4 points and 7.4 rebounds but was unable to prevent the team from a heartbreaking loss against Þór Þorlákshöfn in the first round of the playoffs.
In September 2019, Thomas signed with Hamar where he had previously played during the 2013–2014 season. As he aspired to play for a bigger club, the contract included an escape clause that allowed him to leave the club with short notice. Two months later, in November, Thomas left Hamar and signed ÍR. At the time of his departure, he was averaging 17.2 points and 6.0 rebounds for the unbeaten Hamar.
In June 2021, Thomas signed with newly promoted Breiðablik. In April 2022, Thomas resigned with Breiðablik.
In September 2023, Thomas signed with Hamar for the third time in his career.
National team career
Thomas received an Icelandic citizenship in July 2018. On 23 August 2018, Thomas was selected to the 24-man training camp of the Icelandic national basketball team prior to its upcoming games in the EuroBasket 2021 qualification. On 1 September 2018, he was selected to the team for its upcoming games against Norway. He played his first game for Iceland on 2 September, scoring 8 points in a 71-69 victory against Norway.
Personal life
Thomas is married to Fanney Lind Thomas, an Icelandic former professional basketball player and a former member of Icelandic national basketball team. After receiving his Icelandic citizenship in 2018, he took up the Icelandic middle name Axel.
References
External links
Icelandic statistics at kki.is
Profile at realgm.com
Murray State Bio at goracers.com
College statistics at sports-reference.com
1986 births
Living people
American emigrants to Iceland
American expatriate basketball people in Iceland
American men's basketball players
Breiðablik men's basketball players
Forwards (basketball)
Hamar men's basketball players
Icelandic men's basketball players
ÍR men's basketball players
Murray State Racers men's basketball players
Ungmennafélagið Tindastóll men's basketball players
Danero Thomas
Valur men's basketball players |
Film () is an Iranian film review magazine published for more than 42 years. The president and chef-editor is Pooya Mehrabi with Massoud Mehrabi as editor. The latter is the founder of Film magazine, the oldest post-revolutionary film magazine in Iran (founded in 1982). It appears on a monthly basis. Kiumars Purahmad was one of the film critics worked for the magazine.
References
Film Magazine Website / About
External links
Official Website
1982 establishments in Iran
Film magazines published in Iran
Magazines established in 1982
Magazines published in Tehran
Persian-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in Iran |
Kucherovka () is a rural locality (a selo) in Masalsky Selsoviet, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 71 as of 2013. There is 1 street.
Geography
Kucherovka is located 36 km southeast of Gornyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Masalsky is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Loktevsky District |
The Society for Cryobiology is an international scientific society that was founded in 1964. Its objectives are to promote research in low temperature biology, to improve scientific understanding in this field, and to disseminate and aid in the application of this knowledge. The Society also publishes a journal called Cryobiology.
References
External links
Society for Cryobiology official site
Cryobiology |
The Mud Bath is a 1914 oil-on-canvas painting by David Bomberg. The work is considered a masterpiece of Bomberg's work in this period. Bomberg was a founder member of the London Group, and the painting is considered a leading example of Vorticism, although Bomberg resisted being described as a Vorticist.
The painting is a striking composition of human figures formed from white and blue geometric planes and angles, in a rectangular bath of vibrant red surrounded by a landscape of mustard brown, arranged around a brown and black vertical element (perhaps a column at the baths). There is a suggestion that the bathers are waving their arms as if in a Bacchanalian revel. The scene is based on Schewzik Russian Vapour Baths in Brick Lane, Whitechapel, near Bomberg's home in east London, which was used by the local Jewish population for cleanliness and for religious observances, including the mikveh ritual bath. Bomberg's Jewishness was a very important part of his identity as an artist. The bathing room, with a communal bath approximately 10-foot square and balcony above, was open to either men and women on different days, and may also have been the inspiration for his 1913 work, Ju-Jitsu.
Bomberg created a series of crayon, gouache and chalk studies before the painting. The completed work measures by . It was a key component in his one-man exhibition the Chenil Gallery in Chelsea in 1914. In addition to taking first place in the catalogue, the work was hung on the wall outside the gallery so that it could have "every advantage of lighting and space". A critic remarked that the work was "rained upon, baked by the sun and garlanded with flags", but it did not entice many passing the gallery to enter. The London Chronicle noted that "The passers-by make no comment, because they do not recognise it as a picture". Bomberg recalled that as they turned the corner of King's Road, horses pulling the number 29 bus would shy at it.
The work was purchased by the Tate Gallery in 1964, seven years after Bomberg's death.
References
David Bomberg, The Mud Bath, 1914, Tate Gallery
Study for The Mud Bath 1914, Tate Gallery
http://www.vorticism.co.uk/vorts_bomberg.html
Origins and Development, Volume 1 of Vorticism and Abstract Art in the First Machine Age, Richard Cork, p. 203-207...
London, Modernism, And 1914, Michael J. K. Walsh, p. 138-139
Ju-Jitsu circa 1913, Tate Gallery
1914 paintings
Vorticism
Bathing in art |
The Farm, also known as The Farm Inc., was an American country music trio consisting of Nick Hoffman (vocals, fiddle), Damien Horne (vocals, keyboard, guitar) and Krista Marie (vocals, guitar). Signed to All In Records in association with Warner Music Nashville and Elektra Records and New Revolution, the trio has released the singles "Home Sweet Home" and "Be Grateful", which have charted on Hot Country Songs. Horne is a former member of John Rich's songwriting group MuzikMafia, while Marie is a former solo artist for Broken Bow Records. Hoffman is the host and producer of the award-winning TV show "Nick's Wild Ride" that airs on Outdoor Channel and played fiddle in Kenny Chesney's road band. The three met during a songwriting session which included former Western Flyer member Danny Myrick, who also became the group's producer.
Their self-titled debut album, released in 2012, produced two top 40 hits on Country Airplay: "Home Sweet Home" and "Be Grateful". In 2014, they announced a third single, "Mud".
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Music videos
References
External links
Country music groups from Tennessee
Elektra Records artists
Musical groups established in 2011
Musical trios from Tennessee
2011 establishments in Tennessee |
Thomas William "Tommy" Mee (March 18, 1890 – May 16, 1981) nicknamed "Judge", was a Major League Baseball infielder who played in with the St. Louis Browns.
External links
1890 births
1981 deaths
Major League Baseball shortstops
Baseball players from Chicago
St. Louis Browns players
Oshkosh Indians players
Madison Senators players
Wichita Witches players
Grand Rapids Bill-eds players
Grand Rapids Black Sox players |
Leksvik Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Indre Fosen municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Leksvik. It is the church for the Leksvik parish which is part of the Fosen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1668 using plans drawn up by the architects Ole Jonsen Hindrum and Nils Olufsen. The church seats about 300 people.
History
The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1533, but the church was likely built during the 12th century. The church was built on the Røstad farm in Leksvik, so historically it was known as Røstad Church. The original church was about with a choir. Around 1648, the church received a new roof and tower. Soon after in 1652-1654 a newly constructed choir and sacristy was built on the north side of the old building. In 1667, most of the church was torn down except for the relatively new choir and sacristy and a new timber-framed nave was built on the same site. At the same time, the choir roof was raised several meters higher. Therefore by 1670, the entire building had been rebuilt step by step and no more of the medieval church structure remained.
In 1814, this church served as an election church (). Together with more than 300 other parish churches across Norway, it was a polling station for elections to the 1814 Norwegian Constituent Assembly which wrote the Constitution of Norway. This was Norway's first national elections. Each church parish was a constituency that elected people called "electors" who later met together in each county to elect the representatives for the assembly that was to meet in Eidsvoll later that year.
During the reconstruction in the 1860s the church lost much of its older interior furniture, but during later reconstruction efforts in the 1950s and 1960s, much of the 17th century furniture was returned. Today the church has new seating, installed in the mid-1990s. The church also contains a very rare crucifix from the Middle Ages, and the sword of Anders Solli. Legend has it that he used the sword to defend himself from the wolves that attacked and killed him in the woods of Leksvik in 1612.
Priests
The following people have been priests of Leksvik Church:
See also
List of churches in Nidaros
References
External links
Indre Fosen
Churches in Trøndelag
Wooden churches in Norway
Long churches in Norway
17th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1668
12th-century establishments in Norway
Norwegian election church |
Men's water polo at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China from 18 to 25 November 2010. In this tournament, 9 teams played.
It also served as the Asian qualification for the 2011 World Aquatics Championships.
Squads
Results
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
Preliminary
Group A
Group B
Final round
Quarterfinals
Classification 5th–8th
Semifinals
Classification 7th–8th
Classification 5th–6th
Bronze medal match
Gold medal match
Final standing
References
Results
External links
Waterpolo Site of 2010 Asian Games
Men |
The lesser yellow-headed vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) also known as the savannah vulture, is a species of bird in the New World vulture family Cathartidae. It was considered to be the same species as the greater yellow-headed vulture until they were split in 1964. It is found in Mexico, Central America, and South America in seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forest. It is a large bird, with a wingspan of . The body plumage is black, and the head and neck, which are featherless, are pale orange with red or blue areas. It lacks a syrinx, so therefore its vocalizations are limited to grunts or low hisses.
The lesser yellow-headed vulture feeds on carrion and locates carcasses by sight and by smell, an ability which is rare in birds. It is dependent on larger vultures, such as the king vulture, to open the hides of larger animal carcasses as its bill is not strong enough to do this. Like other New World vultures, the lesser yellow-headed vulture utilizes thermals to stay aloft with minimal effort. It lays its eggs on flat surfaces, such as the floors of caves, or in the hollows of stumps. It feeds its young by regurgitation.
Taxonomy
The lesser yellow-headed vulture was first described in 1845 by John Cassin. It is sometimes recognized as having two subspecies. The first, Cathartes burrovianus urubitinga, described by Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1851, is the larger of the two and is found from Argentina north to Colombia, while the nominate subspecies, Cathartes burrovianus burrovianus, is smaller and found from northwestern South America through Central America to Mexico. The lesser yellow-headed vulture's genus, Cathartes, means "purifier" and is from the Latinized form of the Greek kathartēs/καθαρτης. The common name, vulture, is derived from the Latin word vulturus, which means "tearer" and is a reference to its feeding habits.
The exact taxonomic placement of the lesser yellow-headed vulture and the remaining six species of New World vultures remains unclear. Although both are similar in appearance and have similar ecological roles, the New World and Old World vultures evolved from different ancestors in different parts of the world. Just how different the two are is currently under debate, with some earlier authorities suggesting that the New World vultures are more closely related to storks. More recent authorities maintain their overall position in the order Falconiformes along with the Old World vultures or place them in their own order, Cathartiformes. The South American Classification Committee has removed the New World vultures from Ciconiiformes and instead placed them in Incertae sedis, but notes that a move to Falconiformes or Cathartiformes is possible. Like other New World vultures, the lesser yellow-headed vulture has a diploid chromosome number of 80.
Description
This is the lightest and smallest of the extant New World vultures despite sometimes measuring at least as long and longer winged than black vultures. The lesser yellow-headed vulture is in length, with a wingspan of and a tail length of . Its weight ranges from . Its plumage is black with a green sheen. The throat and the sides of the head are featherless. The head and neck are bare of feathers, and the skin is yellow, with a reddish forehead and nape and a gray-blue crown. The irises of its eyes are red, its legs are white, and its beak is flesh-colored. The eye has a single incomplete row of eyelashes on the upper lid and two rows on the lower lid.
The tail is rounded and relatively short for a vulture; the tip of the closed wing extends beyond the tail. Immature lesser yellow-headed vultures have browner plumage, a dusky head, and a white nape.
The beak is thick, rounded, and hooked at the tip.
The front toes are long with small webs at their bases and are not adapted to grasping. The opening of the nostril is longitudinal, and the nostrils lack a septum. Like all New World vultures, the lesser yellow-headed vulture lacks a syrinx, and is therefore unable to make any sound other than a low hiss.
It differs in appearance from the similar greater yellow-headed vulture in several ways. It is smaller and is less heavily built than the greater yellow-headed vulture and has a shorter, thinner tail. The plumage is browner than the greater yellow-headed vulture's dark, glossy black plumage. Its legs are lighter in color, and its head is more orange-tinged than the more yellow head of the greater yellow-headed vulture. Its flight is also less steady than that of the greater yellow-headed vulture. The lesser yellow-headed vulture also prefers to live in savannas, as opposed to the preferred forest habitat of the greater yellow-headed vulture.
Besides the greater yellow-headed vulture, it is similar to the turkey vulture.
Distribution and habitat
It is found in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, mangroves, and heavily degraded former forest. It may wander over dry fields and clearings. It is not generally found in high-altitude regions.
This bird with its somehow crow-like aspect gave foot to the naming of the Quebrada de los Cuervos (Crows Ravine) in Uruguay, where they dwell together with the black vulture and the turkey vulture.
Ecology and behavior
The lesser yellow-headed vulture flies solitarily, with wings held in a dihedral position. It glides at a low altitude over wetlands while locating food, and perches on fence posts or on other low perches. When flying, it travels alone and is rarely found in groups. The flight of the lesser yellow-headed is an example of static soaring flight, which uses thermals to maintain altitude without the need to flap its wings. This vulture rarely soars high in the air, preferring low altitudes. This bird is believed to be somewhat migratory in response to the changes in water level where it lives. The lesser yellow-headed vulture, like other New World vultures, has the unusual habit of urohidrosis, in which it urinates or defecates on its legs to cool them by evaporation.
Breeding
Lesser yellow-headed vultures do not build nests, but rather lay eggs on the ground, cliff ledges, the floors of caves, or in the hollow of a tree. Eggs are cream colored and heavily blotched with brown and gray spots, particularly around the larger end. Two eggs are generally laid. The chicks are altricial—they are blind, naked and relatively immobile upon hatching. The chicks do not grow their down feathers until later. The parents feed their young by regurgitating pre-digested food into their beak, where the chicks then drink it. The young fledge after two to three months.
Feeding
The lesser yellow-headed vulture is a scavenger and subsists almost entirely on carrion. It will eat roadkill or the carcass of any animal, but is also known to hunt for food, especially small aquatic animals in marshes. It is not usually attracted to larger carcasses and may swallow live invertebates and larvae, possibly also frogs, as much as smaller items of carrion. Carrion records include smallish mammals, snakes and other reptiles and, especially, rotting fish. It prefers fresh meat, but often cannot make the first cut into the carcass of a larger animal because its beak is not strong enough to tear into the tough hide. The lesser yellow-headed vulture will no longer feed on a piece of carrion once the meat is in a state of extreme decay, as it becomes contaminated with microbial toxins. Like other vultures, it plays an important role in its ecosystem by disposing of carrion which would otherwise be a breeding ground for disease.
The lesser yellow-headed vulture forages using its keen eyesight to locate carrion on the ground, but also uses its sense of smell, an ability which is uncommon in the avian world. It locates carrion by detecting the scent of ethyl mercaptan, a gas produced by the beginnings of decay in dead animals.
The olfactory lobe of its brain responsible for processing smells is particularly large compared to other animals. This characteristic of New World vultures has been used by humans: ethyl mercaptan is injected into pipelines, and engineers looking for leaks then follow the foraging vultures.
King vultures, which lack the ability to smell carrion, follow the lesser yellow-headed vultures to carcasses, where the king vulture tears open the skin of the dead animal. This allows the smaller lesser yellow-headed vulture access to food, as it does not have a bill strong enough to tear the hide of larger animals. This is an example of mutual dependence between species. It is generally displaced from carcasses by both turkey vultures and king vultures, due to their larger size.
Conservation
The lesser yellow-headed vulture is a bird of Least Concern according to the IUCN, with an estimated global range of and a population of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 individuals. Its population trend appears to be stable.
References
External links
Lesser yellow-headed vulture photos and information
Photo-Medium Res; Northern Venezuela Trip Report
Photo-High Res; Birds of Brazil by John Kormendy
lesser yellow-headed vulture
Birds of the Amazon rainforest
Birds of Brazil
Birds of the Guianas
Birds of Venezuela
Birds of the Yucatán Peninsula
Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Neotropics
lesser yellow-headed vulture
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
The men's 60 metres hurdles event at the 1973 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 11 March in Rotterdam.
Medalists
Results
Heats
First 3 from each heat (Q) qualified directly for the semifinals.
Semifinals
First 3 from each heat (Q) qualified directly for the final.
Final
References
60 metres hurdles at the European Athletics Indoor Championships
60 |
Vice Admiral Carl Fredrik Wilhelm Riben (13 May 1868 – 3 August 1950) was a senior Swedish Navy officer. Riben served as head of the Royal Swedish Naval Academy (1918–1921), of the Military Office of the Minister for Naval Affairs (1921–1923), as Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet (1923–1925) as well as of Stockholm Naval Station (1926–1933). He also served as president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1933–1935) and chairman of the Directorate of the Swedish Nobility Foundation (1940–1944).
Early life
Riben was born on 13 May 1868 at Löfsta farm in , Uppsala County, Sweden, the son of Axel Riben and his wife Rosa Malm. He was the brother of (1867–1934), the head of the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm. Riben devoted himself to the naval profession from his earliest youth and already sailed in 1882 as an aspirant aboard the corvette Norrköping. In autumn 1883, he was accepted as a cadet and went through the then six-year Royal Swedish Naval Academy with summer expeditions on the corvette and the frigate Vanadis.
Career
Military career
Riben was commissioned as a naval officer in the Swedish Navy in 1889 and was promoted to sub-lieutenant in 1891. In the years 1890-1891, he served on the corvette Freja and during his time as a subaltern officer was otherwise used for station and shipyard duty as well as sea tours, among other things, on the coastal defence ship Göta and the corvette Norrköping. Riben was a cadet officer at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy from 1896 to 1900 when he was promoted to lieutenant and then served in the Fleet Staff from 1900 to 1901. Since Riben in 1901 completed his qualification as director of a navigation school, he was between 1901 and 1903 director of the naval instrument and nautical chart repository in Stockholm as well as between 1903 and 1909 teacher of navigation, trigonometry, nautical surveying and preliminary drawing at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy with the result of yearly recurring summer service as navigation officer on cadet ships. He served in the Nautical Department of the Royal Swedish Naval Materiel Administration from 1905 to 1912 when he was promoted to lieutenant commander. In 1911 he served as 1st flag lieutenant (flaggadjutant) to the Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet. Riben was ordered to undergo torpedo training in Karlskrona and in the summer of 1912 was given command of the then equipped destroyer division, at the same time commander of the destroyer .
In the years 1912-1914, Riben held the position as head of the naval schools in Karlskrona, but due to the worrying political situation in the world and the resulting demand for increased preparedness, he came to be largely deployed during this time in his mobilization position as head of one of the Coastal Fleet's destroyer divisions. He thus served as destroyer division commander in the so-called Winter Coastal Fleet (Vinterkustflottan) in 1912–1913 based on the destroyer and assumed the same command during the mobilization in August 1914, which he left the following year to take command of the armored cruiser . Riben then served as head of the naval schools in Karlskrona from 1912 to 1914 and was promoted to commander in 1916. Riben was head of the Royal Swedish Naval Materiel Administration's Nautical Department from 1916 to 1918. Under this time, he received the honorable command as the first commander of the then completed coastal defence ship , which in 1917 set out on its first expedition. He served as head of the Royal Swedish Naval Academy from 1918 to 1921 and in 1919 he was promoted to captain and served the same year as commander of the coastal defence ship division based on Oden.
Riben was head of the Military Office of the Minister for Naval Affairs (Sjöförsvarets kommandoexpedition) from 1921 to 1923 when he was promoted to rear admiral. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet from 1923 to 1925. His time as Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet was for this Sweden's foremost naval force a period of innovation and development, in that the rules for the Coastal Fleet's tactical behavior were tested and shaped, which were conditioned by the three new Sverige-class coastal defence ships entering service as the core of the Coastal Fleet. Riben then served as commander-in-chief of Stockholm Naval Station from 1926 to 1933, during which time he was promoted to vice admiral in 1930. Riben retired from active duty and entered the reserves in 1933.
Other work
Riben was an adviser on the organization of the central defence administration in 1921, chairman of the regulations advisers (reglementssakkunniga) in 1922, member of the League of Nations' permanent advisory military commission from 1922 to 1926, military member of the Supreme Court of Sweden from 1925 to 1933 and adviser assistant in the League of Nations' preparatory disarmament commission from 1926 to 1930.
Even after his retirement from active duty, Riben was keenly interested in his old service branch and when the naval association Flottans Män was formed in 1935, he made himself available as its chairman and remained as such for ten years. He was elected chairman of the Directorate of the Swedish Nobility Foundation (Riddarhusdirektionen) in 1941 succeeding Count who died the year before. Riben resigned four years later.
Personal life
Riben married in 1892 to Hildegard Elisabeth Neumüller (1868–1899), the daughter of brewery owner and his wife Emma Reuszner. They had five children: Maud (1893–1932), Daisy (1894–1982), Margit (1896–1986), Sture (1898–1982), and Harriet (born and died 1899).
In 1903, Riben married Emma Catharina (Karin) Piehl (1880–1932), the daughter of the brewery director Carl Gustaf Piehl and Sofia Neumüller. They had three children: Sven (1906–1990), Dagmar (born 1907), and Karin (1914–2007).
Death
Riben died on 26 April 1958 in Uddevalla on a temporary visit there. He was interred on 15 August 1950 at Sandsborgskyrkogården in Stockholm.
Dates of rank
25 October 1889 – Underlöjtnant
15 May 1891 – Sub-lieutenant
31 December 1900 – Lieutenant
26 January 1912 – Lieutenant commander
30 June 1916 – Commander
7 November 1919 – Captain
28 February 1923 – Rear admiral
16 April 1930 – Vice admiral
Awards and decorations
Swedish
Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword (6 June 1930)
Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Sword (6 June 1923)
Commander 2nd Class of the Order of the Sword (6 June 1922)
Knight of the Order of the Sword (6 June 1910)
Knight of the Order of the Polar Star (6 June 1920)
Foreign
Knight of the Order of Leopold (6 July 1899)
Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Dannebrog (28 July 1922)
Commander 2nd Class of the Order of the Dannebrog (19 June 1919)
Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog (10 July 1910)
2nd Class of the Cross of Liberty (1925)<
3rd Class of the Cross of Liberty (1925)
Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (July 1924)
Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour (1922)
Commander of the Legion of Honour (1922)
Knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1892)
Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars (1929)
Commander with sword of the Order of Orange-Nassau (1923)
Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (before 1940)
Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (before 1940)
Knight of the Military Order of Aviz (26 May 1898)
Grand Cross of the Cross of Naval Merit (1928)
5th Class of the Order of the Medjidie (January 1891)
Honours
Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1913)
Member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences (1907)
Honorary member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences (1923)
References
1868 births
1950 deaths
Swedish Navy vice admirals
People from Upplands-Bro Municipality
Members of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword
Knights of the Order of the Polar Star |
The 15th International Film Festival of India was held as IFFI' 92 during 10–20 January 1992 at Bengaluru.
The festival was made interim non-competitive following a decision taken in August 1988 by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The earlier "Filmotsavs" and IFFI 90-91-92 together constituted 23 editions of the festival, and the 1993 IFFI becoming the 24th edition.
Non-competitive sections
Cinema of The World
Indian Panorama – Feature Films
Indian Panorama – Non-Feature Films
Indian Panorama – Mainstream Films
References
1992 film festivals
15th
1992 in Indian cinema |
Cavaliere dottore Carlo Fornasini (3 November 185424 December 1931) was an Italian micropalaeontologist who specialised in Foraminifera ('forams'). He was a pioneer in using fossil forams to sequence marine sedimentary deposits by their relative dates; a technique called biostratigraphy.
Biography
He was the third son of Francesco Fornasini, a medical doctor, and his wife Carlotta ().
He studied natural sciences at the University of Bologna, under the guidance of Giovanni Capellini (1833-1922), the Professor of Geology there. In 1877, he graduated with honours as dottore (in effect, PhD), on the basis of a thesis which argued from the sequence of the fossil record that certain chalks, marls and clays in the Savena valley near Bologna dated from the Pliocene (5.3-2.6 Ma) rather than, as had previously been thought (including by Capellini), from the Miocene (23.0-5.3 Ma). That same year, Capellini published a paper about this discovery which relegated Fornasini's contribution to that of an assistant and which passed off Fornasini's conclusions as his own. That sort of behaviour has become unacceptable. In 1928, Michele Gortani (1883-1966), who had succeeded Capellini as Professor of Geology, wrote that "the Master had deprived his most promising student, Carlo Fornasini, of the pleasure and pride of announcing his discovery [...] and the results of his studies" (). Furthermore, Capellini may not have properly understood Fornasini's ideas. This affair may explain why Fornasini published nothing for the next four years.
In 1881, Fornasini returned to palaeontology, possibly persuaded by his friend Lodovico Foresti (1829-1913, assistente (assistant) at the Museo Geologico in Bologna). In September and October 1881, he helped to organise, and he attended, the 2nd International Geological Congress in Bologna, which settled important international questions of nomenclature, standardisation and cooperation. When the was founded in Bologna during the Congress, under the leadership of Giuseppe Meneghini (1811-1889) and Capellini, he was one of the original members. He remained a member until at least 1922, and between 1883 and 1903 served several times as deputy secretary and as a member of its council. In 1883, he was appointed cavaliere (knight) in the Order of the Crown of Italy. In 1884, he became a corresponding member of the Reale Accademia del Poggio (nowadays, ), Montevarchi. In 1885, he was one of the secretaries at the 3rd International Congress in Berlin; and in 1888, also at the 4th International Congress in London. In 1889, he was made an honorary member of the Reale Accademia delle scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna. From 1894 until 1910, he was an amministratore (director) of the Accademia in Bologna. In 1895, he was appointed assistente at the Museo Geologico, and in 1903 its conservatore (curator). In 1895, Fornasani and Vittorio Simonelli (1860-1929) founded the journal Rivista italiana di paleontologia ('Italian Review of Palaeontology'). Fornasini was no longer one of the principal editors after 1896, but he is named on the title page as a collaboratore (collaborator, or co-worker, or contributing editor) until 1904. In 1900 he joined the of Acireale, Sicily as a corresponding member. Poor health forced him to give up his scientific work by 1911. He nevertheless maintained an interest in his speciality, and donated his library and his collection of specimens to the Museo Geologico.
He married Emilia Erhardt (at a date not determined), and they had two children: Carlo Francesco, a son, and Elsa, a daughter. He was mayor of Poggio Renatico, a comune (municipality) about northeast of Bologna, for almost 30 years. In 1902, he donated to Poggio Renatico the land on which the church of San Michele (Saint Michael) now stands.
He is commemorated by a bronze plaque in the Museo Geologico.
Scientific work
His main interest was always Foraminifera, on which he became a world authority. He worked mostly as an amateur scientist, independent of academic institutions.
He published chiefly in the journals (dates of earliest and latest papers in parentheses) Bollettino della Società geologica italiana (1883-1905), Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (1889-1908), and Rivista italiana di paleontologia (1896-1903). He published more than sixty papers in those journals. They include a series of ten papers in Memorie entitled "Contributo alla conoscenza della Microfauna terziaria Italiana" ('Contribution to the Knowledge of Italian Microfauna of the Tertiary') (1889-1899), in which he attempted a critical analysis of all available information on the subject. That included identifying synonymy, where two or more scientists had unknowingly described the same species as new to science; an area of study as important in the advancement of taxonomy as the description of new species.
The WoRMS database lists 78 species of Foraminifera described by him, all between 1883 and 1902. Some of those species have been reclassified into other genera. That is a commonplace occurrence in biology, if a later researcher either revises a genus, or describes a new genus and moves that species into it. However, the fact that Fornasini is still credited as taxonomic authority for 77 of those 78 species shows that he was a careful, accurate and knowledgeable observer.
Eponyms
The WoRMS database lists 18 species of Foraminifera whose specific epithet includes 'fornasini', all described between 1893 and 1948. They were most likely named in honour of Carlo Fornasini, but it would be necessary to consult the original descriptions to be certain.
Fondazione Dott. Carlo Fornasini
In 1964, his son Carlo Francesco donated land and money in his will to set up in his father's memory the Fondazione Dott. Carlo Fornasini at Poggio Renatico. Its original aim was to encourage research into human organ transplantation, later expanded to the more general topic of social and human sciences, with particular regard to ethics and bioethics.
Notes
References
Further reading
Obituary by Michele Gortani (1883-1966), Professor of Geology at the University of Bologna.
External links
1854 births
Scientists from Bologna
1931 deaths
Italian paleontologists
Micropaleontologists
Independent scientists
Mayors of places in Emilia-Romagna |
```kotlin
package de.westnordost.streetcomplete.screens.user.statistics
import android.os.Handler
import android.os.HandlerThread
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.util.ktx.nowAsEpochMilliseconds
import kotlinx.coroutines.android.asCoroutineDispatcher
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.Shape
import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2
import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Body
import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyDef
import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World
import kotlin.math.max
/** Contains the physics simulation world and the physics simulation loop */
class PhysicsWorldController(gravity: Vec2) {
private val world: World = World(gravity)
private val thread: HandlerThread = HandlerThread("Physics thread")
private val handler: Handler
private val loopRunnable = Runnable { loop() }
private var isRunning = false
var gravity: Vec2
get() = world.gravity
set(value) {
// wake up everyone if the gravity changed
world.gravity = value
var bodyIt = world.bodyList
while (bodyIt != null) {
bodyIt.isAwake = true
bodyIt = bodyIt.next
}
}
interface Listener {
fun onWorldStep()
}
var listener: Listener? = null
init {
thread.start()
handler = Handler(thread.looper)
}
fun resume() {
if (!isRunning) {
isRunning = true
handler.postDelayed(loopRunnable, DELAY.toLong())
}
}
fun pause() {
if (isRunning) {
isRunning = false
handler.removeCallbacks(loopRunnable)
}
}
fun destroy() {
handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null)
thread.quit()
}
private fun loop() {
val startTime = nowAsEpochMilliseconds()
world.step(DELAY / 1000f, 6, 2)
val executionTime = nowAsEpochMilliseconds() - startTime
listener?.onWorldStep()
if (isRunning) {
handler.postDelayed(this::loop, max(0, DELAY - executionTime))
}
}
suspend fun createBody(def: BodyDef, shape: Shape, density: Float): Body {
// creating bodies cannot be done while the World is locked (= while world.step(...) is
// executed), so we must post this on the same thread and then await it to be executed
return withContext(handler.asCoroutineDispatcher()) {
val body = world.createBody(def)
body.createFixture(shape, density)
body
}
}
companion object {
private const val DELAY = 16 // 60 fps
}
}
``` |
Summer Coon is an Oligocene stratovolcano in Saguache County, Colorado that erupted between 24 and 34 million years ago. It is located 6 miles (9.6 km) north of Del Norte, Colorado and is on the western edge of the San Luis Valley. It is in the Rio Grande National Forest.
The New Mexico Geological Society published an article on it in 1971. Various studies of the area and its volcanic intrusions have been carried out. These include a study of trace element variations at the summit. La Ventana Arch resulted from erosion following volcanic activity.
See also
San Juan volcanic field
List of volcanoes in the United States
List of stratovolcanoes
References
Stratovolcanoes of the United States
Saguache County, Colorado
Oligocene volcanoes |
Rochefort (; ), unofficially Rochefort-sur-Mer (; ) for disambiguation, is a city and commune in Southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary. It is a subprefecture of the Charente-Maritime department, located in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2015: Poitou-Charentes). In 2018, it had a population of 23,583.
Geography
Rochefort lies on the river Charente, close to its outflow into the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 30 km southeast of La Rochelle. Rochefort station has rail connections to La Rochelle, Nantes and Bordeaux.
History
In December 1665, Rochefort was chosen by Jean-Baptiste Colbert as a place of "refuge, defence and supply" for the French Navy. The Arsenal de Rochefort served as a naval base and dockyard until it closed in 1926.
In September 1757, Rochefort was the target of an ambitious British raid during the Seven Years' War.
Another infrastructure of early Rochefort from 1766 was its bagne, a high-security penal colony involving hard labour. Bagnes were then common fixtures in military harbors and naval bases, such as Toulon or Brest, because they provided free labor. During the Jacobin period of the French Revolution (1790–95), over 800 Roman Catholic priests and other clergy who refused to take the anti-Papal oath of the "Civil Constitution of the Clergy" were put aboard a fleet of prison ships in Rochefort harbour, where most died due to inhumane conditions.
Off Rochefort, from the island of Île-d'Aix where he had spent several days hoping to flee to America, Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to Captain F. L. Maitland aboard HMS Bellerophon, on 17 July 1815, ending the "Hundred Days".
Rochefort is a notable example of 17th-century "ville nouvelle" or new town, which means its design and building resulted from a political decree. The reason for building Rochefort was to a large extent that royal power could hardly depend on rebellious Protestant La Rochelle, which Cardinal Richelieu had to besiege a few decades earlier. Well into the 20th century, Rochefort remained primarily a garrison town. The tourist industry, which had long existed due to the town's spa, gained emphasis in the 1990s.
Population
Sights
Noteworthy buildings of the original naval establishment include:
a hospital, incorporating a School of Naval Medicine (now a museum)
the Arsenal with a monumental gateway and the National Navy Museum (Musée National de la Marine)
the Rope Factory (corderie), at over 370 metres long for centuries the longest manufacturing building in the world
three dry docks (radoubs) for shipbuilding and repair
a cannon foundry (not open to the public)
Other sights include:
a rare transporter bridge (pont transbordeur), consisting of a high level bridge containing a transport mechanism from which a ferry platform is suspended. This bridge, the Rochefort-Martrou Transporter Bridge, built in 1900, is the only remaining one in France and one of only eight still in service world-wide
the municipal theatre (la Coupe d'Or)
the railway station
Saint-Louis church
Pierre Loti's house (closed indefinitely pending completion of renovation work)
Museums of Naval Aeronautics, old-time trades (Commerces d'Autrefois), and local archaeology (la Vieille Paroisse)
Conservatoire du Bégonia, the world's largest begonia collection
L'Hermione, a replica of a 1779 frigate completed in the town in 2014
Notable inhabitants
Rochefort was the birthplace of:
Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville (1745–1804), French admiral.
Charles Rigault de Genouilly (1807–1873), French admiral, conqueror of Vietnam.
Pierre Loti (1850–1923), a French naval officer and novelist. His house is now a museum.
Amédée William Merlaud-Ponty (1866-1915), Governor General of French West Africa.
Pauline Réage (1907–1998), pseudonym of Anne Desclos, author
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961), philosopher
Pierre Salviac, (born 1946), a French journalist, former rugby-match commentator and since then polemicist.
International relations
Rochefort is twinned with:
Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain
Papenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
See also
Communes of the Charente-Maritime department
Kaolin deposits of the Charentes Basin
The Young Girls of Rochefort film directed by Jacques Demy with Catherine Deneuve, Françoise Dorléac, and Gene Kelly with music composed by Michel Legrand
References
Movies: "Les Demoiselles De Rochefort" 1967 - Jacques Demy
External links
Populated coastal places in France
Communes of Charente-Maritime
Spa towns in France
Subprefectures in France
Port cities and towns on the French Atlantic coast
Aunis
Charente-Maritime communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
DXRR (101.1 FM), formerly known as MOR 101.1, was a radio station owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation. The station's studios and transmitter were located at the ABS-CBN Broadcast Center, Shrine Hills, Matina, Davao City.
History
The station was inaugurated on January 25, 1992, as a relay station of over Radio Romance in Manila. On February 16, 1995, the station was launched as Star Radio 101.1 with a mass-based format. In 1997, following the formation of the Regional Network Group (RNG), it was rebranded as ABS-CBN Radio 101.1. On July 14, 2001, as part of rebranding ABS-CBN's RNG FM stations coinciding with the Cagayan de Oro station's 8th Anniversary, the station rebranded as MOR 101.1 For Life!. Since then, it became among the top radio station in the city.
On May 5, 2020, the station, along with the other My Only Radio stations, went off the air due to the cease and desist order of the National Telecommunications Commission as its the network's legislative franchise to operate expired the day before. It currently operates as an online platform.
References
External links
Radio stations in Davao City
Radio stations established in 1992
MOR Philippines stations
Radio stations disestablished in 2020
Defunct radio stations in the Philippines |
"You've Seen the Butcher" is a song by the American alternative metal band Deftones. It was the fourth and final single released from their sixth studio album, Diamond Eyes (2010). The song memorably uses unusual time signatures.
To support funding for bassist Chi Cheng, the drumset and keyboard used in filming the music video were auctioned.
Music video
The music video for "You've Seen the Butcher" was directed by Jodeb Films. It shows the band playing in a worn-out library, which appears to be floating in the air, while library books rain down from the sky. Attractive young women form a crowd around the band as they play, getting more aggressive with the band and grabbing them. One even rips Chino Moreno's shirt. When the song reaches the bridge, blood starts pouring from the ceiling of the library, spraying both the band and the women. The end of the video depicts a bloody, drenched Deftones.
The video premiered via Myspace and MTV2 on October 28, 2010, and received airplay on MTV2's AMTV.
Track listing
Personnel
Deftones
Chino Moreno – vocals
Stephen Carpenter – guitars
Abe Cunningham – drums
Frank Delgado – keyboards, samples, turntables
Sergio Vega – bass
Production
Nick Raskulinecz – producer
Chart history
References
External links
Deftones release video for “You’ve Seen The Butcher”
DEFTONES: 'You've Seen The Butcher' Video Released
Deftones: Post Still From “You’ve Seen The Butcher” Video Shoot
2010 singles
Deftones songs
2010 songs
Reprise Records singles
Songs written by Stephen Carpenter
Songs written by Abe Cunningham
Songs written by Chino Moreno
Songs written by Sergio Vega (bassist)
Songs written by Frank Delgado (American musician)
Song recordings produced by Nick Raskulinecz |
Gluten-free beer is beer made from ingredients that do not contain gluten, such as millet, rice, sorghum, buckwheat or corn (maize). People who have gluten intolerance (including celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis sufferers) have a reaction to certain proteins in the grains commonly used to make beer, barley and wheat. The hordein found in barley and the gliadin found in wheat are types of gluten that can trigger symptoms in sufferers of these diseases. Gluten-free beer is part of a gluten-free diet.
Gluten-free beer, low-gluten beer, and standard beer
Beers brewed mainly from cereals such as millet, rice, sorghum, buckwheat and corn (maize), which do not contain gluten, do not trigger an autoimmune response in celiacs. Some brewers brew with barley or rye, and reduce the level of gluten to below 20 ppm. This may be achieved by using enzymes such as Clarex, which break down gluten proteins in beer brewed with barley, as well as helping to filter the brew. In most countries this technically classifies them as gluten-free beers, but in the United States, they are classified as gluten-reduced beers. These brewers believe they are safe to drink. The brewers argue that the proteins from barley are converted into non-harmful amino acids. Statements from brewers show that their scientists feel confident that their product is non-harmful to those who are gluten intolerant. Some celiacs report problems drinking these beers. However, there is some concern and evidence that the claim is not true.(for example: Sheehan, Evans & Skerritt, 2001).
Brewers who produce low gluten beers are required to test every batch for gluten, and record gluten levels in "parts per million" ('ppm'). Although the barley hordein in such tests may not be detected, smaller pieces of these proteins, known as peptides, may remain and be toxic for celiacs. Those involved in gluten-free brewing, and others representing celiacs or those with other conditions that require a gluten-free diet, tend to be concerned that beer brewed using wheat or barley are not appropriate for those with celiacs or dermatitis herpetiformis, although the carefully controlled gluten levels of particular malt brews of England and Finland may be low enough to be consumed in relative safety (Against the Grain, 5 ppm; Sinebrychoff Koff III, 20 ppm; Laitilan Kukko Pils, 4 ppm).
In August 2013 the FDA approved labeling standards that allow foods and beverages with 20 ppm or less of gluten to be labeled "gluten-free". Some beers that are not traditionally sold as gluten free have been shown to meet this criteria, and those who are gluten intolerant may be able to drink them without ill effect. This depends on individual sensitivity, as each person displays a different level at which an autoimmune response will be activated. As such, there is ongoing debate about acceptable gluten "levels" to celiacs.
According to tests done by the Argentine Coeliac Association (ACELA) and the Swedish National Food Agency, several brands of beer including Carlsberg, Corona and Pilsner Urquell contain less than 20 ppm, allowing them to be described as gluten-free. According to the FDA, beers made from gluten containing grains can not be considered "gluten free". The Corona website mentions "There are traces of gluten in all our beers. We recommend that you consult your physician regarding consumption."
The recent development of gluten-free ales and lagers has been seen as a positive move forward for those who suffer a variety of related gluten intolerant conditions; and there are a number of people working to produce gluten-free beer. Of gluten-free products, beer is seen as the most difficult to produce in a commercially acceptable version. As of early 2012, a fast-growing range of ales and lagers is becoming widely available. There are now over 30 breweries producing gluten free beer in the United States, and as of 2019, there are 12 breweries that are 100% dedicated gluten free. The first gluten free beer to be granted label approval by the US Government is New Grist, brewed by Lakefront Brewery in Milwaukee, WI.
Home brewing
Formulas for home brewing gluten-free beer can now be found. Many of these include a sweet sorghum syrup as the principal carbohydrate. This is commercially manufactured from sorghum grain to be a malt substitute and contains amino acids and unfermentable sugars needed for yeast nutrition and "mouth feel". Other sugars can be added for character and "feel", such as honey and maltodextrin, and roasted or malted buckwheat.
Gluten Free home brewing is now easy with commercially available gluten free home brewing kits containing the sorghum syrup, hops, yeast and other items. The cost of the kits, while more expensive than standard home brew kits, still produce very drinkable GF beer for less than the cost of a standard commercial beer. Many find the taste of GF beers to be missing something. Adding additional hops has been found to improve flavour greatly.
Gluten Free Breweries
Holidaily Brewing
Groundbreaker Brewing
Ghostfish Brewing
Mutantis Brewery & Bottle Shop
Bierly Brewing
Moonshrimp Brewing
Alt Brew
Evasion Brewing
Gluten-free beer festivals
The first international gluten-free beer festival was held in February 2006 in Chesterfield, United Kingdom, as a joint enterprise between the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA).
See also
Beer
Buckwheat
Coeliacs
Gliadin
Gluten-free diet
Hordein
Sorghum
Dermatitis herpetiformis
2010s in food
References
External links
Types of beer
Free beer |
Daniel Sylvester Tuttle (January 26, 1837 – April 17, 1923) was consecrated a bishop of the Episcopal Church in 1866. His first assignment was as Bishop of Montana, a missionary field that included Montana, Utah, and Idaho.
Early and family life
He was born on January 26, 1837, and graduated from an academy in Delhi, New York in 1850. Bishop Wainwright confirmed him in the Episcopal Church shortly before he entered what was then Columbia College. After graduating in 1857, Tuttle attended the General Theological Seminary and graduated in 1862.
He married the former Harriet Minerva Foote, of Greene County, New York, and the couple had many children before her death in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1899 during one of her husband's missionary journeys.
Career
He was ordained deacon by year's end and in 1863, he was ordained priest and assigned rural parishes. He learned he had been elected missionary bishop of the territory of Montana, with additional jurisdiction over Utah and Idaho. Presiding Bishop John Henry Hopkins of Vermont, along with Bishops Horatio Potter of New York and William Henry Odenheimer of New Jersey consecrated their young colleague. Since Tuttle was only 29, canon law required him to wait until he was 30 before he could exercise his office. He took the Union Pacific Railroad as far west as then possible, to North Platte, Nebraska, then boarded a stage coach for Denver, Colorado and arrived on June 11, 1867. He eventually established his home base in Salt Lake City, but traveled widely, by railroad and other means. In 1880 Montana was removed from his mission, leaving him with Utah and Idaho. In 1886 the General Convention added territory in Nevada, since the missionary bishop of Nevada and Arizona, Ozi William Whitaker, had translated and become bishop of Pennsylvania. Instead, Tuttle accepted a call to serve as bishop of Missouri although he had rejected a similar offer in 1868.
During Tuttle's residency in Salt Lake City, he oversaw the construction of St. Mark's Cathedral, the first non-Mormon religious building in Utah, followed by the establishment of St. Mark's School for boys and girls in 1867, St. Mark's Hospital in 1872, and Rowland Hall school for girls in 1881.
On May 26, 1886, Bishop Tuttle was elected bishop of the Diocese of Missouri. According to his own published remembrances, he became the bishop of Missouri when on the morning of August 9, 1886, he read the letter notifying him of his election to that see. "When I took the letter in hand to read, I was Bishop of Utah, and after I had read it, as I understood the matter, I was [translated as] Bishop of Missouri." (Missionary to the Mountain West: Reminiscences of Episcopal Bishop Daniel S. Tuttle, 1866-1886. "Second Call to Missouri, 1886", Daniel Sylvester Tuttle, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, 1906, p. 480.) Bishop Tuttle served in that position in the Diocese of Missouri until his death. From 1903 to 1923, Tuttle also served as presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. The presiding bishop, at the time of Tuttle's consecration, was the senior bishop in order of consecration, and Tuttle ended up serving as bishop for 56 years and helped consecrate 89 bishops.
During his tenure as presiding bishop, Tuttle preached at the closing service of the 1908 Lambeth Conference in St Paul's Cathedral in London, England.
Tuttle wrote a memoir, called Reminiscences of a Missionary Bishop, published in 1906. His memoir has extensive first-person accounts of his service among the Mormons in Salt Lake City, including his meetings and other dealings with Brigham Young and other local leaders.
Death
He died on April 17, 1923, and was buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.
See also
List of presiding bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
List of Episcopal bishops of the United States
Historical list of the Episcopal bishops of the United States
Episcopal Diocese of Idaho
Episcopal Diocese of Montana
Episcopal Diocese of Missouri
Episcopal Diocese of Utah
References
Further reading
. Online reprint, with permission, at EpiscopalChurch.org.
. Online reprint, with permission, at HistoryToGo.Utah.gov
External links
Bibliographic directory of material by and about Daniel Sylvester Tuttle from Project Canterbury
Episcopal Church biography of Daniel Sylvester Tuttle at EpiscopalChurch.org
1837 births
1923 deaths
Presiding Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Episcopal bishops of Missouri
People of Utah Territory
Episcopal Church in Idaho
Episcopal Church in Utah
General Theological Seminary alumni
Episcopal bishops of Idaho
Episcopal bishops of Montana
Episcopal bishops of Utah |
Olegario Pachón Núñez (Bienvenida, 1907–Llerena, 1996) was an Extremaduran anarchist.
Biography
He was born in the Badajoz town of Bienvenida in 1907. Born into a peasant family, in his youth he worked in the fields as a day laborer . During the years of the Second Spanish Republic he joined the anarchist movement, forming part of the National Confederation of Labor (, CNT).
After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War he joined the confederal militias, fighting on the Extremadura front. He came to command the Pío Sopena battalion, which was deployed on the fronts of Talarrubias and Casas de Don Pedro. Later, he joined the structure of the People's Army of the Republic. During some months of 1937 he was at the head of the 113th Mixed Brigade, which manned the quiet front of the Tagus-Extremadura. He also commanded 91st Mixed Brigade, taking part in the Battle of Merida pocket. Towards the end of the war he was commander of the 37th Division.
Towards the end of the war he fled to Alicante, but upon reaching the port he discovered that there were no boats for the refugees. He was taken prisoner by Franco's forces and imprisoned in the concentration camps of Albatera and Porta Coeli. However, he managed to escape and flee to France. There he managed to establish himself and collaborated with the anarcho-syndicalist organization in exile. During his exile he worked as a cartridge carrier, stevedore and ironer. In 1957 he was sent to Spain as a delegate of the CNT, on a clandestine trip whose mission was to ascertain the state of the CNT structure there. Olegario Pachón himself verified the degree of inactivity of the anarchist organization and made it known to the CNT headquarters in exile. After Franco's death, he returned to Extremadura, where he died in 1996.
Works
References
Bibliography
1907 births
1996 deaths
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo members
People from the Province of Badajoz
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France |
Tarnów () is a city in southeastern Poland with 105,922 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east–west connection from Lviv to Kraków, and two additional lines, one of which links the city with the Slovak border.
Tarnów is known for its traditional Polish architecture, which was influenced by foreign cultures and foreigners that once lived in the area, most notably Jews, Germans and Austrians. The Old Town, featuring 16th century tenements, houses and defensive walls, has been preserved. Tarnów is also the warmest city of Poland, with the highest long-term mean annual temperature in the whole country.
Companies headquartered in the city include Poland's largest chemical industry company Grupa Azoty and defence industry company ZMT. The city is currently subdivided into 16 districts and is a member of the Association of Polish Cities (Związek Miast Polskich).
Names and etymology
The first documented mention of the settlement dates back to 1105, spelled as Tharnow. The name later evolved to Tarnowo (1229), Tarnów (1327), and Tharnow (1473). The place name Tarnów is widely used in different forms across Slavic Europe, and lands which used to be inhabited by Slavs, such as eastern Germany, Hungary, and northern Greece. There is a German town, Tarnow, Greek Tyrnavos (also spelled as Tirnovo), Czech Trnov, Bulgarian Veliko Tarnovo and Malko Tarnovo, as well as different Trnovos/Trnowos in Slovenia, Slovakia, Serbia, Bosnia, and North Macedonia. The name Tarnów comes from an early Slavic word trn/tarn, which means "thorn", or an area covered by thorny plants.
History
Already in the mid-9th century, on the Tarnów's St. Martin Mount (Góra sw. Marcina, 2.5 kilometers from the centre of today's city), a Slavic gord was established, probably by the Vistulans. Due to efforts of local archaeologists, we know that the size of the gord was almost 16 hectares, and it was surrounded by a rampart. The settlement was probably destroyed in the 1030s or the 1050s, during either a popular rebellion against Christianity (see Baptism of Poland), or Czech invasion of Lesser Poland. In the mid-11th century, a new gord was established on the Biała river. It was a royal property, which in the late 11th or early 12th century was handed over to the Tyniec Benedictine Abbey. The name Tarnów, with a different spelling, was for the first time mentioned in a document of Papal legate, Cardinal Gilles de Paris (1124).
The first documented mention of Tarnów occurs in the year 1309, when a list of miracles of Kinga of Poland specifies a woman named Marta, who was resident of the settlement. In 1327, a knight named Spicymir (Leliwa coat of arms) purchased a village of Tarnów Wielki, and three years later, founded his own private town. On 7 March 1330, King Władysław I the Elbow-high granted Magdeburg rights to Tarnów. One year later, construction of a castle on the St. Martin Hill was completed by Castellan of Kraków, Spycimir Leliwita of Leliwa coat of arms (its ruins can still be seen).
Tarnów remained in the hands of the Leliwa family, out of which in the 15th century the Tarnowski family emerged. In the 14th century, numerous German settlers immigrated from Kraków and Nowy Sącz (see Walddeutsche, Ostsiedlung). During the 17th century Scottish immigrants began to come in large numbers. In 1528 the exiled King of Hungary János Szapolyai lived in the town. The town prospered during the Polish Golden Age, when it belonged to Hetman Jan Tarnowski (1488–1561). In the mid-16th century, its population was app. 1,200, with 200 houses located within town's defensive wall (the wall itself had been built in the mid-15th century, and expanded in the early 16th century). In 1467, the waterworks and sewage systems were completed, with large cisterns filled with drinking water built in the main market square. In the 16th century, during the period known as the Polish Golden Age, Tarnów had a school, a synagogue, a Calvinist prayer house, Roman Catholic churches, and up to twelve guilds.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
After the death of Jan Tarnowski (16 May 1561), Italian sculptor Jan Maria Padovano began creating one of the most beautiful examples of Renaissance headstones in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The monument of hetman Tarnowski is almost 14 meters tall, and stands in St. Anne Chapel, which is located in northern nave of the Tarnów Cathedral. Padovano completed his work in 1573; furthermore, he designed the Renaissance town hall, and oversaw its remodelling in the 1560s. At that time, in 28 niches of the town hall were portraits of members of the Tarnowski family – from Spicymir Leliwita to Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski, who died in 1567. In 1570 Tarnów became property of the Ostrogski family, after Zofia Tarnowska, the daughter of the hetman, married prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski. In 1588, after Konstanty's death, the town changed hands several times, belonging to different families, which slowed its development. Until the Partitions of Poland, Tarnów belonged to the County of Pilzno, Sandomierz Voivodeship. The town, like almost all locations of Lesser Poland, was devastated in October 1655, during the Swedish invasion of Poland, and as a result, its population declined from 2,000 to 768. In 1723, the town became the property of the Sanguszko family, which purchased it from the Lubomirski family.
Habsburg Empire
After the first partition of Poland (1772), Tarnów was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and remained in Austrian Galicia until late 1918. Austrian subjugation brought changes, as the town ceased to be private property, became the seat of a county (German: kreis), and of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarnów (1783). On 14 March 1794, Józef Bem was born in Tarnów. In the 1830s, under the influence of events in Congress Poland (see November Uprising), Tarnów emerged as a center of Polish conspiratorial organizations. Plans for a national uprising in Galicia failed in early 1846, when local peasants began murdering the nobility in the Galician slaughter. The massacre, led by Jakub Szela (born in Smarżowa), began on 18 February 1846. Szela's peasant units surrounded and attacked manor houses and settlements located in three counties – Sanok, Jasło, and Tarnów. According to Austrians, the revolt got out of hand and the Austrians had to put it down as they were subjugating a previously free people.
Tarnów went through the period of quick development in the second half of the 19th century, due to the program of construction of the railway system. In 1852, the town received rail connection with Kraków, due to the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis, and in 1870, its population was 21,779. In 1878, gas lighting was introduced, and three years later, the first daily newspaper appeared. In 1888, the Diocese Museum was founded by Rev. Jozef Baba, and in 1910, Tarnów received modern waterworks, a power plant and a new complex of the main rail station. The city remained a hotspot of Polish conspirational activities, with up to 20% of all members of the Polish Legions in World War I coming from Tarnów and its area. On 10 November 1914, units of the Russian Imperial Army captured Tarnów, and remained in the city until 6 May 1915 (see Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive). In the early stages of the offensive, Tarnów was shelled by German-Austrian heavy artillery, which brought destruction to some of its districts.
Second Polish Republic
Tarnów was one of the first Polish cities to be freed during the rebirth of Poland following World War I. The Polish Legions liberated the city on the night of 30–31 October 1918. In the Second Polish Republic, Tarnów belonged to Kraków Voivodeship, and gave the newly established country many outstanding figures, such as Franciszek Latinik and Wincenty Witos. In early 1927, construction of a large chemical plant was initiated in the suburban village of , which is now a part of the industrial borough of Mościce, a district of the city. Before the outbreak of World War II, the population of Tarnów was 40,000, of which almost half were Jewish. On 28 August 1939, a German Nazi saboteur conducted the Tarnów rail station bomb attack killing 20 civilians and wounding 35, four days before the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the outbreak of World War II.
World War II
During the German invasion of Poland, the city was overrun by the German forces on 7 September 1939. Under German occupation, Tarnów was incorporated into the General Government territory as the seat of the Kreishauptmanschaft Tarnow administrative unit in the Kraków District on 26 October 1939.
In September 1939, the Einsatzgruppe I entered the city to commit atrocities against Poles, and the Einsatzgruppe zbV entered to take over the Polish industry. Poles expelled in December 1939 from various places in German-annexed western Poland were deported in freight trains to Tarnów. On 14 June 1940, the first mass transport left the Tarnów station to Auschwitz concentration camp, with 728 Polish political prisoners, including at least 67 underage boys. All throughout the German occupation of Poland Tarnów was an important center of the Armia Krajowa (AK) and other resistance organizations. In mid-1944 AK's 16th Infantry Regiment "Barbara" took part in Operation Tempest. After the Warsaw Uprising, in October 1944, the Germans deported 3,000 Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Tarnów. Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children. The Wehrmacht retreated from Tarnów on 18 January 1945, and the city was captured by the Red Army, and then restored to Poland.
Post-war period
A few months later, the Museum of Tarnów Land was opened, and Tarnów began a postwar recovery. In 1957, State Theatre of Ludwik Solski was opened, and in 1975 Tarnów became the capital of a voivodeship.
The Jews of Tarnów
Before World War II, about 25,000 Jews lived in Tarnów. Jews, whose recorded presence in the town went back to the mid-15th century, comprised about half of the town's total population. A large portion of Jewish business in Tarnów was devoted to garment and hat manufacturing. The Jewish community was ideologically diverse and included religious Hasidim, secular Zionists, and many more.
Immediately following the German occupation of the city on 8 September 1939, the persecution of the Jews began. German units burned down most of the city's synagogues on 9 September and drafted Jews for forced-labor projects. Tarnów was incorporated into the Generalgouvernement. Many Tarnów Jews fled to the east, while a large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied Poland continued to increase the town's Jewish population. In early November, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council (Judenrat) to transmit orders and regulations to the Jewish community. Among the duties of the Jewish council were enforcement of special taxation on the community and providing workers for forced labor.
During 1941, life for the Jews of Tarnów became increasingly precarious. The Germans imposed a large collective fine on the community. Jews were required to hand in their valuables. Roundups for labor became more frequent and killings became more commonplace and arbitrary. Deportations from Tarnów began in June 1942, when about 13,500 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. The first major act in the extermination of the Jews of Tarnów was the so-called "first operation" from 11–19 June 1942. The Germans gathered thousands of Jews in the Rynek (market place), and then they were tortured and killed. During this time period, on the streets of the town and in the Jewish cemetery, about 3,000 Jews were shot; in the woods of Zbylitowska Góra a few kilometers away from Tarnów a further 7,000 were murdered. According to a document from Michal Borawski born in 1926, featured at the entry of the Bimah as part of the panel offered by the Batory Foundation, the street stairs ("małe schody" or little stairs) from the town-center to the Bernardynski street (where the Bernardine Monastery is located), had to be cleaned of the blood by the local fire brigade for three days. Poles gave shelter to several Jewish escapees from the ghetto, however, several Poles were eventually captured and murdered by the Germans for rescuing Jews. Many Poles were imprisoned by the Germans in the local prison for rescuing and helping Jews and then often deported to Auschwitz and other concentration camps, in which some died, while some fortunately survived until the end of the war.
After the June deportations, the Germans forced the surviving Jews of Tarnów, along with thousands of Jews from neighboring towns, into the new Tarnów Ghetto. The ghetto was surrounded by a high wooden fence. Living conditions in the ghetto were deplorable, marked by severe food shortages, a lack of sanitary facilities, and a forced-labor regimen in factories and workshops producing goods for the German war industry. In September 1942, the Germans ordered all ghetto residents to report to Targowica Square, where they were subjected to a 'selection' in which those deemed 'non-essential' were singled out for deportation to Belzec. About 8,000 people were deported. Thereafter, deportations from Tarnów to extermination camps continued sporadically; the Germans deported a group of 2,500 in November 1942.
Holocaust resistance
In the midst of the 1942 deportations, some Jews in Tarnów organized a Jewish resistance movement. Many of the resistance leaders were young Zionists involved in the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. Many of those who left the ghetto to join the partisans fighting in the forests later fell in battle with SS units. Other resisters sought to establish escape routes to Hungary, but with limited success. The Germans decided to destroy the Tarnów ghetto in September 1943. The surviving 10,000 Jews were deported, 7,000 of them to Auschwitz and 3,000 to the Plaszow concentration camp in Kraków. In late 1943, Tarnów was declared "free of Jews" (Judenrein). By the end of the war, the overwhelming majority of Tarnów Jews had been murdered by the Germans. Although 700 Jews returned in 1945, some of them soon left the city. Many moved to Israel.
Property restoration
Our Lady of the Scapular
The church of Our Lady of the Scapular in Tarnów was built on a plot that was illegally obtained by the parish from the descendants of Jewish Holocaust survivors. The plot, which belonged to a Goldman family, remained in the care of family friend Jerzy Poetschkes after Blanka Drillich (née Goldman), the last remnant of the family, left Poland after the war. In 1987 Poetchkes, with the advice of parish lawyers, claimed that the plot has been abandoned (i.e. the last owner is unknown, or had perished), despite being in contact with the Drillichs; he then sold half the plot and transferred the other half to the Church. In 2016, following a lengthy legal battle, a three judge panel found the Church had acted in bad faith and had no legal rights to the property. A year later the case was re-opened after the Church appealed to the local district attorney, with the personal involvement of Minister of Justice Zbigniew Ziobro.
Geography
Tarnów lies at the Carpathian foothills, on the Dunajec and the Biała rivers. The area of the city is . It is divided into sixteen districts, known in Polish as osiedla. A few kilometers west of the city lies the district of Mościce, built in the late 1920s, together with a large chemical plant. Located to the southeast is Saint Martin's Peak. The district was named after President of Poland, Ignacy Mościcki.
Climate
Its climate is classified as marine west coast (Cfb) by Köppen. Tarnów is one of the warmest cities in Poland. The average temperature in January is and in July. It is claimed that Tarnów has the longest summer in Poland spreading from mid May to mid September (above 118 days).
Economy
Tarnów is an important center of economy and industry. The city has chemical plants including Zakłady Azotowe w Tarnowie-Mościcach S.A., which is part of Poland's biggest company operating within the chemical sector Grupa Azoty, Becker Farby Przemysłowe Sp. z o.o., Summit Packaging Polska Sp. z o.o.; as well as food plants (Fritar), building materials (Leier Polska S.A., Bruk-Bet), textiles (Spółdzielnia "Tarnowska Odzież, Tarnospin, Tarkonfex"), and several warehouses, as well as a distribution center of the Lidl supermarket chain. Tarnów is an important center of natural gas industry, with headquarters of three different gas corporations.
Another significant company based in Tarnów is the Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów operating in the defence industry. It manufactures handguns, assault rifles, sniper rifles and anti-air guns. It is part of the state-controlled Bumar Corporation.
Among the major shopping malls in Tarnów are the Gemini Park Tarnów and Galeria Tarnovia.
Transport
Tarnów is an important road and rail hub. It lies at the intersection of two major roads – the motorway along European route E40, and the National Road No. 73, which goes from Kielce to Jasło. Furthermore, the city is a rail junction, with four lines: three main electrified routes (westward to Kraków, eastward to Dębica and southward to Nowy Sącz), as well as secondary-importance local connection to Szczucin. The history of rail transport in Tarnów dates back to the year 1856, when the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis reached the city. The architectural complex of Tarnów Main Station, fashioned after the Lviv railway station was completed in 1906 in the Austrian Partition of Poland. Since 2010, Tarnów station houses a gallery of modern art, the only such gallery located in a rail station in Poland. Tarnów also has three additional stations: Tarnów Mościce, as well as Tarnów Północny and Tarnów Klikowa, both of which are currently out of service.
The city's public transport system consists of 29 municipal bus routes, which provide convenient transportation to all districts. In 1911–1942 Tarnów had a tram line, with the length of 2.5 kilometres, since replaced by buses.
Politics
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Tarnów constituency in 2005 included: Urszula Augustyn, PO, Edward Czesak, PiS, Aleksander Grad, PO, Barbara Marianowska, PiS, Józef Rojek, PiS, Wiesław Woda, PSL and Michał Wojtkiewicz, PiS. Member of the European Parliament elected in 2007, and Consul General at the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in New York City, was Urszula Gacek, PO, EPP-ED.
Tourism
Tarnów is an important tourist, cultural and economic center in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The old town of Tarnów, called the "pearl of the Polish Renaissance", is one of the most beautiful examples of the Renaissance architectural layout of Polish cities.
Tourist Information
Detailed information about the city, tourist attractions, cultural events and other things are provided by Tourist Information Center, located in the southern part of Main Square. Office is well equipped with a wide variety of brochures and souvenirs, it also serves as a bike rental spot, luggage storage and small guesthouse (4 rooms/8 beds).
Tourist Information Center
Rynek 7, 33–100 Tarnów V-IX.
Attractions
Points of interest around the city include:
Education
University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, UAS (Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Tarnowie, ANS)
Lesser Poland Higher School of Economics (Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna)
Higher School of Business (Wyższa Szkoła biznesu)
Higher Theological Seminary in Tarnów (Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Tarnowie, WSD)
John Paul II High School in Tarnów (IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Pawła II w Tarnowie)
Sports
The list features selected sport teams based in Tarnów:
Unia Tarnów – speedway team, Polish Champions in 2004, 2005 and 2012. The team is sponsored by Mościce Nitrate Factory and is also popularly known as Jaskółki (Swallows).
ZKS Unia Tarnów – Zakładowy Klub Sportowy Unia Tarnów (Workplace Sports Club United Tarnów) – association football team, which plays in the lower leagues.
Tarnovia Tarnów – association football team, which plays in the lower leagues, but played in Poland's top division in the past, most recently in 1948.
Unia Wisła Paged Tarnów – men's basketball team, which plays in the lower leagues, but played in Poland's top division in the past, most recently in 2007.
Grupa Azoty Unia Tarnów – men's handball team playing in the Polish Superliga.
Roleski Grupa Azoty PWSZ Tarnów – women's volleyball team playing in the TAURON Liga, the highest level of women's volleyball played in Poland.
Religion
Besides Catholics, other Christian denominations are also present in Tarnów including Baptist Church, Free Brothers Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Methodist Church, Pentecostal Church, Seventh-day Adventist Church and the non-denominational Evangelical Movement "The Lord is my Banner". Before World War II there was a large population of Jews comprising half of the city's population, but now there remain just monuments of their past presence.
According to 2007 Catholic Church statistics provided by the Instytut Statystyki Kościoła Katolickiego SAC, Tarnów is the most religious city in Poland, with 72.5% of the congregation of the Diocese of Tarnów attending Mass.
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Tarnów is twinned with:
Trenčín in Slovakia
Kiskőrös in Hungary
Schoten in Belgium
Blackburn in United Kingdom
Casalmaggiore in Italy
Veszprém in Hungary
Nowy Sącz in Poland
Kotlas in Russia
Bila Tserkva in Ukraine
Vinnytsia in Ukraine
Former twin towns:
Ternopil in Ukraine
In June 2021, the Tarnów city council decided to suspend its partnership with the Ukrainian town of Ternopil as a reaction to the naming of a stadium in Ternopil in honour of Roman Shukhevych, one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army responsible for massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia perpetrated between 1943–1945.
Notable people
Józef Bem (1794–1850), a Polish engineer, general and Ottoman pasha
Roman Brandstaetter (1906–1987), writer
Józef Cyrankiewicz (1911–1989), communist politician, Prime Minister of the Poland
Charles Denner (1926–1995), French actor
Jan Drohojowski (1901–1979), diplomat
Jacek Dukaj (born 1974), writer
Stefan Filipkiewicz (1879–1944), painter
Ignace J(ay). Gelb (1907–1985), Polish-American ancient historian, Assyriologist
Allan Gray (born Josef Żmigród, 1902–1973), composer
Michał Heller (born 1936), philosopher
Rabbi Löb Judah ben Isaac
Bartosz Kapustka (born 1996), footballer
Naphtali Keller (1834–1865), Jewish scholar; son of Israel Mendel Keller
Leon Kellner (1859–?), Jewish scholar
Mateusz Klich (born 1990), footballer
Tadeusz Klimecki (1895–1943), Chief of Polish General Staff
Renata Knapik-Miazga (born 1988), épée fencer
José Krakover (1883–1957), Argentinian Jewish photographer
Andrzej Krasicki (1918–1995), film and theatre actor and theatre director
Krystyna Kuperberg (born 1944), mathematician
Franciszek Latinik (1864–1949), military officer
Siegfried Lipiner (1856–1911), Galician-Austrian Jewish poet
Andrew Odlyzko (born 1949), mathematician
Ksawery Masiuk (born 2004), swimmer
Lidia Morawska (born 1952), physicist
Agata Mróz-Olszewska (1982–2008), volleyball player and two-time European Champion
Anny Ondra (1903–1987), Czech movie star
Stanisław Opałko (1911–1993), industrialist and politician
Joseph Öttinger (1818–1895), Galician-Jewish physician
Tony Rickardsson (born 1970), motorcycle speedway rider, honorable resident since 2006
Ignacy Schiper (1884–1943), Jewish historian and politician
Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko (1842–1903), nobleman, conservative politician
Wilhelm Sasnal (born 1972), painter
Jan Szczepanik (1872–1926), inventor
Jan Tarnowski (1488–1561), nobleman and Hetman.
Jan of Tarnów ()
Jan of Tarnów (1367–1433)
Rafał z Tarnowa ()
Rabbi Marcus Weissmann-Chajes (1830–1914), Jewish scholar
Rabbi Salo Wittmayer Baron (1895–1989), Jewish historian
Franciszek Zachara (1898–1966), composer and pianist
Maciej Zembaty (1944–2011), artist and comedian
See also
Lesser Poland
List of cities and towns in Poland
References
Note
This article incorporates text from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and has been released under the GFDL as "Tarnow". OTRS ticket number.
External links
City of Tarnów English version of Tarnów's official webpage
Cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Sandomierz Voivodeship
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)
City counties of Poland
Historic Jewish communities in Poland
Holocaust locations in Poland |
Metroplaza () is a shopping centre and office building developed by Sun Hung Kai Properties, officially opened in January 1993. It is located in Kwai Fong, Hong Kong and is opposite to Kwai Fong station of MTR. The mall is a shopping hub of adjacent areas of Kwai Fong, Lai King, Tsing Yi and Kwai Chung. While Metroplaza provides spacious shopping environment, another shopping centre Kwai Chung Plaza adjoining offers varieties of small shops. The mall had undergone major renovation from 2014 to November 2017.
The mall is adjacent to Kwai Tsing Theatre.
Metroplaza Office Towers
The two Metroplaza Towers, are the tallest in the area of Kwai Fong and are therefore the landmarks of the area.
The towers are situated above the shopping centre. MetroPlaza Tower 2 is the taller of the two towers, rising 47 floors and to the top of its decorative spire and logo. The building was completed in 1992. It was designed by architectural firm Wong Tung & Partners, and was developed by Sun Hung Kai Properties. MetroPlaza Tower 2, which stands as the 41st-tallest building in Hong Kong, is composed entirely of commercial office space. The building is an example of postmodern architecture.
MetroPlaza Tower 1 has the same roof height and floor count as MetroPlaza Tower 2, but is significantly shorter due to the absence of a spire; the building does not even rank among the 100 tallest structures in the city. The tower rises 47 floors and in height.
Tenants include: 16th Floor: Texwinca Holdings (), the parent company of Baleno
Gallery
See also
List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong
References
External links
Metroplaza Home page
Shopping malls established in 1993
Shopping centres in Hong Kong
Office buildings in Hong Kong
Sun Hung Kai Properties
1993 establishments in Hong Kong
Skyscraper office buildings in Hong Kong
Twin towers
Office buildings completed in 1992
Kwai Fong |
Tsz Kwan Lau, also known as Lau Tsz Kwan (born 5 February 1996) is a Hong Kong professional squash player. As of February 2018, he was ranked number 121 in the world.
References
1996 births
Living people
Hong Kong male squash players |
True believer(s) or The True Believer may refer to:
One who strictly adheres to the tenets of a particular religious doctrine
By extension, one who is strongly attached to a particular belief
True-believer syndrome, a term for the irrational persistence of some untenable belief
In the philosophy of Daniel Dennett, a system whose behavior is predictable via the intentional stance
Film and television
True Believer (1989 film), a drama starring James Woods and Robert Downey, Jr.
True Believers (miniseries), a 1988 Australian miniseries featuring Ed Devereaux and Ray Meagher
"True Believer" (Dollhouse), the fifth episode of Dollhouse
"True Believers" (The Unit), an episode of the television series The Unit
Literature
The True Believer, a 1951 book by Eric Hoffer
True Believers (comics), a Marvel Comics limited series by Cary Bates
True Believer (Wolff novel), a 2001 young-adult novel by Virginia Euwer Wolff
True Believers, a short-story collection by Joseph O'Connor
True Believers: The Tragic Inner Life of Sports Fans, a humorous non-fiction jawn by Joe Queenan
True Believer (Sparks novel), a 2005 novel by Nicholas Sparks
True Believers, a 2012 novel by Kurt Andersen
True Believer: The Rise and Fall of Stan Lee, a biography of Stan Lee
Music
Albums
True Believer (Phil Keaggy album), or the title song, "True Believers"
True Believer (Ronnie Milsap album), or the title song
True Believer (Sawyer Brown album), 2003
True Believer (Troy Cassar-Daley album), or the title song
True Believers (Akcent album), or the title song "True Believer"
True Believers (Darius Rucker album), 2013
True Believers (John Schumann album), 1993
True Believer (Matthew Barber album)
Songs
"True Believer" (song), a 2007 song by E-Type
"True Believers" (song), by Darius Rucker
"True Believer", by Avicii from Stories
"True Believer", by Domine from Emperor of the Black Runes
"True Believer", by Dragonette from Galore
"True Believer", by Lillian Axe from Poetic Justice
"True Believer", by Lionel Cartwright from I Watched It On The Radio]
"True Believer", by Raven from Glow
"True Believer", by Testament from The Gathering
"True Believers", by the Black Angels from Phosphene Dream
"True Believers", by The Cult from Beyond Good and Evil
"True Believers", by The Bouncing Souls from How I Spent My Summer Vacation
"True Believe", by Paradise Lost from Icon
Performers
True Believers (band), a 1980s American rock band from Texas led by Alejandro Escovedo and Jon Dee Graham
Carus and The True Believers, an Australian band |
The bombesin receptor subtype 3 also known as BRS-3 or BB3 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BRS3 gene.
Function
Mammalian bombesin-like peptides are widely distributed in the central nervous system as well as in the gastrointestinal tract, where they modulate smooth-muscle contraction, exocrine and endocrine processes, metabolism, and behavior. They bind to G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface to elicit their effects. Bombesin-like peptide receptors include gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, neuromedin B receptor, and bombesin-like receptor-3 (BRS3; this article).
BB3 is a G protein-coupled receptor. BB3 only interacts with known naturally occurring bombesin-related peptides with low affinity and therefore, as it has no natural high-affinity ligand, is classified as an orphan receptor.
References
Further reading
External links
G protein-coupled receptors |
```smalltalk
namespace ResXManager.View.Behaviors;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Controls.Primitives;
using DataGridExtensions;
using Microsoft.Xaml.Behaviors;
using ResXManager.Model;
using ResXManager.View.ColumnHeaders;
using TomsToolbox.Wpf;
public class ShowErrorsOnlyBehavior : Behavior<DataGrid>
{
public ToggleButton? ToggleButton
{
get => (ToggleButton)GetValue(ToggleButtonProperty);
set => SetValue(ToggleButtonProperty, value);
}
/// <summary>
/// Identifies the ToggleButton dependency property
/// </summary>
public static readonly DependencyProperty ToggleButtonProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("ToggleButton", typeof(ToggleButton), typeof(ShowErrorsOnlyBehavior), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null, (sender, e) => ((ShowErrorsOnlyBehavior)sender).ToggleButton_Changed((ToggleButton)e.OldValue, (ToggleButton)e.NewValue)));
public void Refresh()
{
Refresh(ToggleButton);
}
protected override void OnAttached()
{
base.OnAttached();
DataGrid.GetAdditionalEvents().ColumnVisibilityChanged += DataGrid_ColumnVisibilityChanged;
}
protected override void OnDetaching()
{
base.OnDetaching();
DataGrid.GetAdditionalEvents().ColumnVisibilityChanged -= DataGrid_ColumnVisibilityChanged;
}
private DataGrid DataGrid => AssociatedObject;
private void ToggleButton_Changed(ToggleButton? oldValue, ToggleButton? newValue)
{
if (oldValue != null)
{
oldValue.Checked -= ToggleButton_StateChanged;
oldValue.Unchecked -= ToggleButton_StateChanged;
}
if (newValue != null)
{
newValue.Checked += ToggleButton_StateChanged;
newValue.Unchecked += ToggleButton_StateChanged;
ToggleButton_StateChanged(newValue, EventArgs.Empty);
}
}
private void ToggleButton_StateChanged(object? sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (sender is ToggleButton toggleButton)
{
Refresh(toggleButton);
}
}
private void Refresh(ToggleButton? button)
{
var dataGrid = DataGrid;
if ((button == null) || (AssociatedObject == null))
return;
UpdateErrorsOnlyFilter(button.IsChecked.GetValueOrDefault());
var selectedItem = dataGrid.SelectedItem;
if (selectedItem != null)
dataGrid.ScrollIntoView(selectedItem);
}
private void DataGrid_ColumnVisibilityChanged(object? source, EventArgs e)
{
var toggleButton = ToggleButton;
if (toggleButton == null)
return;
if (toggleButton.IsChecked.GetValueOrDefault())
{
toggleButton.BeginInvoke(() => UpdateErrorsOnlyFilter(true));
}
}
private void UpdateErrorsOnlyFilter(bool isEnabled)
{
if (AssociatedObject == null)
return;
var dataGrid = DataGrid;
try
{
dataGrid.CommitEdit();
if (!isEnabled)
{
dataGrid.Items.Filter = null;
dataGrid.SetIsAutoFilterEnabled(true);
return;
}
var visibleLanguages = dataGrid.Columns
.Where(column => column.Visibility == Visibility.Visible)
.Select(column => column.Header)
.OfType<LanguageHeader>()
.Select(header => header.CultureKey)
.ToArray();
dataGrid.SetIsAutoFilterEnabled(false);
dataGrid.Items.Filter = row =>
{
var entry = (ResourceTableEntry)row;
var neutralCulture = entry.NeutralLanguage.CultureKey;
var hasInvariantMismatches = visibleLanguages
.Select(lang => new
{
IsNeutral = lang == neutralCulture,
IsEmpty = string.IsNullOrEmpty(entry.Values.GetValue(lang)),
IsInvariant = entry.IsItemInvariant.GetValue(lang) || entry.IsInvariant
})
.Any(item => item.IsNeutral ? !item.IsInvariant && item.IsEmpty : item.IsInvariant != item.IsEmpty);
return entry.IsDuplicateKey
|| hasInvariantMismatches
|| entry.HasRulesMismatches(visibleLanguages)
|| entry.HasSnapshotDifferences(visibleLanguages);
};
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
}
}
}
``` |
The Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council elections were held on Thursday, 5 May 1994, with one third of the council and a double vacancy in Fordbridge to be elected. The council remained under no overall control with the Conservatives seven seats short of a majority. Voter turnout was 43.6%.
Election result
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
! style="background-color: " |
| Independent Ratepayers & Residents
| align="right" | 1
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | 5.5
| align="right" | 6.0
| align="right" | 4,065
| align="right" | -2.8%
|-
This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:
Ward results
|- style="background-color:#F6F6F6"
! style="background-color: " |
| colspan="2" | Independent Ratepayers hold
| align="right" | Swing
| align="right" | +11.5
|-
References
1994 English local elections
1994
1990s in the West Midlands (county) |
"Tell Me the Old, Old Story" is a hymn. The words were written as a poem in 1866 by Katherine Hankey, an English evangelist, while she was recovering from a serious illness in London. It was set to music by William Howard Doane, who was much impressed by the poem when it was recited by Major General David Russell while they were attending an international convention of the YMCA in Montreal in 1867.
Lyrics
References
English Christian hymns
1866 songs
19th-century hymns |
Anthony L. "Tony" West (born 11 September 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the early 1980s.
Originally from the Carlton Reserves, West was a member of the 1980 Brunswick Victorian Football Association Second Division premiership team.
He made two appearances with Essendon in 1982 before spending the rest of the year on the sidelines with a broken leg. He kicked bags of four goals with his first two games of the 1983 VFL season, the only goals of his league career. Due to the strength of the Essendon team, West made only played one game in their premiership year of 1984 and instead spent most of his time in the reserves where he won a Best and Fairest.
A rover, West resumed at Brunswick in 1985 and participated in another Second Division premiership that year. He was a J. J. Liston Trophy winner in 1986 and had earlier, in 1981, been runner-up to Vic Aanensen.
References
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
1956 births
Living people
Essendon Football Club players
Brunswick Football Club players
J. J. Liston Trophy winners
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) |
Carsten Walfrid Thunborg (2 June 1918, Tyssedal, Odda, Norway - 22 December 2000) was a Swedish politician.
Thunborg was the son of Anders Walfrid Thunborg and Karen Bruvik. He worked as a sailor 1933–1936, then as construction worker between 1936 and 1951, and again from 1953 to 1957. Between 1951 and 1953 he worked as a journalist at Norrskensflamman in Luleå. He was an organizer of the Swedish Construction Workers Union. Between 1957 and 1968 he was a member of the board of Section 36 of the union.
Thunborg was a cadre of the Communist Party of Sweden. He served as chairman of Harsprånget Communist Labour Commune 1948 to 1951. He was a board member of the Stockholm Communist Labour Commune 1955–1958, and a member of the national party board 1958–1967 (included in the party Executive Committee 1964–1967). Thunborg became a member of parliament in 1968, following the death of Axel Jansson.
Thunborg later became a member of the Workers Party - Communists (APK), being a politburo member of the party.
References
1918 births
Swedish trade unionists
Left Party (Sweden) politicians
2000 deaths
20th-century Swedish politicians |
Culloden Academy () is a non-denominational secondary school in Culloden, Highland, Scotland. The present enrollment is 1,117 pupils. The catchment area includes Balloch, Croy, Smithton, Cradlehall and Ardersier in the east of Inverness.
About
Culloden Academy was established in 1979, in the former Inverness Royal Academy buildings on Midmills Road before moving to the present site in 1982. The new Culloden Academy buildings opened in August 1982, in the east of Inverness. The facilities in Culloden Academy include a fitness centre, a swimming pool and two athletic halls. It also serves as a community centre.
Aims
The stated aim of Culloden Academy is to "establish a caring, positive and enjoyable educational environment for all who participate in the life of our community school".
Proposed expansion
Based on statistics from The Highland Council in early 2021, Culloden Academy was estimated to have an enrolment capacity of 964 pupils. At the time, with a pupil roll of 1,124 pupils, the pupil enrollment was determined as approximately 17% percent over capacity. This is taken into account that further statistics had projected a pupil roll of 37% over capacity by 2025/26. This overall exhibited affairs concerning overcrowding of the school.
Provisionary works
Steps to alleviate overcrowding of Culloden Academy first began in 2021 whereas an initial phase of work was completed comprising demolition of two vacant janitor houses, refurbishment and expansion of toilet facilities in the school building, as well as installation of six modular units with each housing two classrooms. Outdoor shelters and a catering unit were also installed.
A second phase of work was completed in 2022 involving the erection of a further seven modular classroom units, two additional PE changing rooms, as well as various improvements and refurbishments towards the Technology Department, PE changing facilities and ASN (Additional Support Needs) department.
School Building Expansion
In September 2021, The Highland Council approved a Budget of £19.2 Million for Phase 1 of a proposed extension and refurbishment project of Culloden Academy.
Phase 1 of the extension proposal includes the erection of a separate classroom block adjacent to the school building consisting of classrooms for Science, Art and Design, as well as Home Economics with vacated areas in the existing school building refurbished and repurposed as classroom accommodation for other departments or to be used as ancillary such space. Phase 1 also includes the construction of a new road junction off Barn Church Road which will lead to the new classroom block and vehicle parking area.
Further phases are also included in the project for the forthcoming future. Phase 2 consists of the erection of further classroom blocks connecting to the Phase 1 classroom accommodation as well as additional parking and 6 additional electric car charging points. Phase 3 consists of the demolition of the existing school alongside the construction of a Sports Hub. Phase 4 consists of the installation of a synthetic pitch on the site of the existing school as well as parking designated for the sports hub alongside additional electric car charging points.
Rectors
Mr. Derek McGinn 1979-2003
Mr. Stephen Dowds 2003-2012
Dr. James Vance 2012–2019
Miss. Tracy Lomas 2019-2021 (Acting Head)
Dr. James Vance 2021 - Present
Roddy Stewart Memorial Award
An annual Excellence in Performance Arts competition is held in memory of the late Roddy Stewart, a former arts student, who died after being struck by a train in February 2008. Pupils from S4-S6 are invited to perform in the four major performing arts: music, dance, drama and prose.
1995 shotgun death
On 18 September 1995, fourteen-year-old Malcolm Williams, who was a fourth year pupil at the school, was killed by a ballistic wound from his father's (Dr Frank Williams) shotgun while at home. The gun and ammunition should have been locked away, according to legislation. There are no known witnesses to the claimed incident and his brother, Peter, was allegedly the first person to find him in the house. Despite the family's insistence that this was just a 'stupid, tragic accident', it remains unclear why Malcolm would point the loaded weapon at himself. The family further insisted that they do not think he was suicidal at the time. A bench with a commemorative plaque was erected in the school grounds.
References
External links
Highland Council's Culloden Academy Website
Secondary schools in Inverness
Educational institutions established in 1982
1982 establishments in Scotland |
Longford–Westmeath is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects 4 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
History and boundaries
The constituency previously existed from 1921 to 1937 and from 1948 to 1992, but was abolished for the 1992 general election. It was re-created by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2005 which gave effect to the 2004 Constituency Commission Report on Dáil Constituencies, and was first used in its current form at the 2007 general election. It contains the County Longford portion of the former Longford–Roscommon constituency, and most of the former Westmeath constituency apart from the north-eastern area around Castlepollard and Delvin, which became part of the new Meath West constituency.
The Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2017 defines the constituency as:
TDs
TDs 1921–1937
TDs 1948–1992
TDs since 2007
Elections
2020 general election
2016 general election
Final result following a recount.
2014 by-election
2011 general election
2007 general election
1989 general election
1987 general election
November 1982 general election
February 1982 general election
1981 general election
1977 general election
1973 general election
1970 by-election
Following the death of Fianna Fáil TD Patrick Lenihan, a by-election was held on 14 April 1970. The seat was won by the Fine Gael candidate Patrick Cooney.
1969 general election
1965 general election
1961 general election
1957 general election
1954 general election
1951 general election
1948 general election
1933 general election
1932 general election
1930 by-election
Following the death of Fianna Fáil TD James Killane, a by-election was held on 13 June 1930. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate James Geoghegan.
September 1927 general election
June 1927 general election
1923 general election
Michael Gallagher notes that newspapers at the time were not consistent with the exact figures of the first count so there may have been slight differences to the below. Full figures for the second to the ninth counts are unavailable. The order of eliminations was O'Farrell on 138 votes, Carrigy 735, Groarke 924, Philips 1,203, Gavin 1,244, Redmond 1,396, Victory 1,851, Wilson 2,689 and Garahan 2,793.
1922 general election
1921 general election
|}
See also
Dáil constituencies
Elections in the Republic of Ireland
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
List of Dáil by-elections
List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland
References
Dáil constituencies
Politics of County Longford
Politics of County Westmeath
1921 establishments in Ireland
1937 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1921
Constituencies disestablished in 1937
1948 establishments in Ireland
1992 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1948
Constituencies disestablished in 1992
2007 establishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 2007 |
Văn Lang is a commune (xã) and village in Na Rì District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.
Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province |
Towne, an archaic spelling of the word town, is a surname, and may refer to:
Benjamin Towne publisher of the first American daily newspaper, the Pennsylvania Evening Post in 1783
Chari Towne (born 1960), American rower
Charles A. Towne (1858–1928), U.S. Senator and U.S. Representative from Minnesota
Charles Towne (artist) (1763–1840), English painter
Francis Towne (1739 or 1740–1816), British landscape painter
Gene Towne (1904–1979), American screenwriter
Henry R. Towne (1844–1924), American mechanical engineer and entrepreneur
John Towne (1711?–1791), British religious controversialist
Joseph Towne (1806–1879), British anatomical modeller
Laura Matilda Towne (1825-1901), African-American educator
Mary Eastey (1634–1692), née Towne, executed for witchcraft by the government of the Province of Massachusetts Bay during the Salem witch trials
Rebecca Nurse (1621–1692), née Towne, sister of Mary Eastey, also executed for witchcraft during the Salem witch trials
Robert Towne (born 1934), American actor and screenwriter
Sarah Cloyce (1648–1702), née Towne, sister of Mary Eastey and Rebecca Nurse, accused but not convicted of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials
See also
Town (disambiguation)
Townes (disambiguation)
Towns (disambiguation)
Toine |
Aina "Aino" Aleksandra Forsten, née Rainio (2 April 1885 – 27 November 1937), was a Finnish politician and educator. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party from 1916 to 1918. After the 1918 Finnish Civil War, Forsten fled to the Soviet Union where she was executed during the Great Purge in 1937.
Life
Early years
Forsten was born in a poor peasant family in the Southwest Finland municipality of Maaria. After primary school, she lived in Turku and joined the Social Democratic Party in 1904. Two years later Forsten moved to Pori, where her brother Jussi Rainio was a newspaperman for the local labour press. Forsten first worked as a saleswoman, but was soon hired as an agitator for the Social Democrats. She became one of the leading socialists in the Pori area, and was best known of her work for the labour women and their families. In 1909 Forsten married the mail carrier Kaarlo Verner Forsten (1885–1956), who was also a member of the Social Democratic Party.
The Civil War and life in the Soviet Union
Forsten was elected to the Parliament of Finland in the 1917 election from the electoral district of Satakunta. During the 1918 Civil War, Forsten was a member of the Central Workers' Council of Finland. Her husband stayed in Pori as one of the local Red Guard leaders. After the war, the Whites started executing the Red leaders and the Forsten family decided to flee to Soviet Russia. In July 1918, they settled in Saint Petersburg, where Forsten worked as an accountant for the Communist Party of Finland. The party was established by the Red refugees in Moscow in August 1918.
In 1920 Aino and Verner Forsten moved to Soviet Karelia. Aino Forsten worked as an adult educator in Petrozavodsk and Kalevala and later as the head of the Petrozavodsk Finnish school for girls in 1930–1936. Verner Forsten was the Vice-Minister of Economy of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the chairman of the Kalevala County Council.
Death
Aino and Verner Forsten were arrested during the Great Purge in July 1937, accused of counter-revolutionary nationalist action. Verner Forsten was sentenced to 8 years of forced labour, but Aino Forsten received a death sentence in November 1937 and was immediately executed. Her husband survived the Siberian labour camps and was released from Krasnojarsk in 1946. Aino and Verner Forsten were rehabilitated after Stalin's death in 1955.
References
1885 births
1937 deaths
People from Turku
People from Turku and Pori Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
Communist Party of Finland politicians
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1916–1917)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1917–1919)
20th-century Finnish educators
People of the Finnish Civil War (Red side)
Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic people
Great Purge victims from Finland
Executed Finnish women
Finnish socialist feminists
Soviet rehabilitations |
St. Louis, Besancon, Historic District is a historic Roman Catholic church complex and national historic district located near New Haven in Jefferson Township, Allen County, Indiana. The district encompasses five contributing buildings and one contributing site consisting of the Saint Louis Besancon Roman Catholic Church and its cemetery and rectory. The Gothic Revival style church was built in 1870-71 of brick, fired in a nearby kiln, then covered with cement to give an appearance of stone. It features a steep gable roof and five part projecting square steeple. The rectory was built in 1893, and is a -story, Queen Anne style brick dwelling. The other contributing resources are the St. Louis Academy (1915), St. Louis Convent House (1915), garage (1940), and Old St. Louis Cemetery. The church was refurbished and painted in 1998.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
References
External links
St. Louis Besancon Catholic Church
St. Louis Besancon Academy
Saint Louis Besancon Cemetery at Find A Grave
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1871
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Queen Anne architecture in Indiana
Gothic Revival church buildings in Indiana
Buildings and structures in Allen County, Indiana
National Register of Historic Places in Allen County, Indiana |
Theo Peeters (; 11 March 1943 – 2 March 2018) was a Belgian neurolinguist who specialised in autism spectrum disorders. During his career he emphasised the importance of understanding the "culture of autism", of empathising fully with individuals on the spectrum. He was the founder of the Opleidingscentrum Autisme (Centre for Training on Autism or OCA) in Antwerp, Belgium.
Biography
Theo Peeters earned a Licence in Philosophy and Literature (University of Louvain), M.A. in Neurolinguistics (University of Brussels), MSc in Human Communications (University of London) and was affiliated to TEACCH, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He was in charge of training professionals in the 1985 Educational Experiment in Autism sponsored by the Flemish Ministry of Education. Peeters was responsible for the Flemish-Russian project on autism, the Flemish-South African project, the Flemish-Polish Autism project and more. He was also Associate Editor of Good Autism Practice edited by Glenys Jones and Hugh Morgan in partnership with the University of Birmingham. Peeters published several books on autism, including Talking About Autism in 1980, Autism: From Theoretical Understanding to Educational Intervention in 1994 and Autism: Medical and Educational Aspects, in collaboration with Christopher Gillberg.
Selected publications
References
External links
Opleidingscentrum Autisme (Centre for Training in Autism):
TEACCH University of Northern Carolina at Chapel Hill
An interview with Theo Peeters in Looking Up (International Autism Newsletter) 3:6, 2003.
1943 births
Autism researchers
Living people
Belgian medical researchers |
Tatyana Prorochenko (, ) (March 15, 1952 in Berdyansk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union – March 11, 2020) was a Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metres.
Prorochenko trained at VSS Kolos in Zaporizhia. She competed for the USSR in the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the 4 x 100 metres where she won a bronze medal with her teammates Lyudmila Maslakova, Vera Anisimova and Nadezhda Besfamilnaya.
She returned to the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, this time moving up to the 4 x 400 metres, where she won the gold medal with her teammates Tatyana Goyshchik, Nina Zyuskova and Irina Nazarova.
After finishing her career Prorochenko worked for the Ukrainian Athletic Federation and in the National Olympic Committee of Ukraine. Prorochenko died from cancer on 11 March 2020. She was diagnosed with cancer in 2018, her family organised a public appeal for money in 2019 to pay for her treatment.
References
External links
1952 births
2020 deaths
Ukrainian female sprinters
Soviet female sprinters
Olympic athletes for the Soviet Union
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
People from Berdiansk
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic female sprinters
Deaths from cancer in Ukraine
Sportspeople from Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
FISU World University Games gold medalists for the Soviet Union |
Extreme Cello is an extreme sport and a performance art in which people take a cello to an unusual, often outdoor, location and perform music. It is synonymous with the cello trio known as the Extreme Cellists, an amateur group inspired by the sport of Extreme Ironing. Their performances are generally given to raise money for various charities. Since 2006 the Extreme Cellists have had a particular association with the spinal injuries charity Aspire.
According to their official website, Extreme Cello aims to "take musical performances to new heights, and depths, by giving performances in many extreme locations."
History
The formation of the Extreme Cellists in 2003 to raise money for the music fund of Westways Primary School, Sheffield, is believed to have been the first organised Extreme Cello event. Before this, a number of individual cellists are known to have performed in unusual locations but did not use the phrase "Extreme Celling" to describe their activities.
Since then the Extreme Cellists have undertaken a range of challenges, most notably a tour of 42 English cathedral rooftops in 2006. In July 2008 they successfully completed the Four Peaks Challenge, playing at the summits of the tallest mountains in Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland. In 2010, they hiked Wainwright's famous Coast to Coast Walk across northern England, playing as they went. In April 2012, the three Extreme Cellists ran the London Marathon with cellos on their backs, playing occasionally along the way. In 2016 they performed on all 58 surviving seaside piers in Great Britain in just 14 days.
Members
Jeremy Dawson, lecturer
Clare Wallace, teacher
James Rees, teacher
Musical style
The group's repertoire is varied. They perform arrangements of classical pieces such as Bach's Wachet Auf, Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and the Adagio cantabile from Beethoven's trio for 3 cellos. They also perform more popular pieces such as "Up on the Roof", originally sung by The Drifters, "Climb Every Mountain" from The Sound of Music (Rodgers and Hammerstein), "Hi Ho Silver Lining", originally sung by Jeff Beck; "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles"; and "Hey Jude" (Lennon & McCartney). Many of the pieces were arranged for cello trio performance by group member Jeremy Dawson.
Performances
Discography
To date the Extreme Cellists have not released any recordings of their performances although some videos are available on various social media.
References
External links
http://www.extremecello.com - the official site of the Extreme Cellists
https://www.facebook.com/extremecello/ - the group's Facebook page (their predecessor Facebook group was entitled 'We Believe Cellos Should be Played In Weird Locations')
https://twitter.com/ExtremeCello - the group often use to Twitter to keep fans updated on places and times of pop gigs when on tour or to post photos
http://www.aspire.org.uk/default.aspx - the site of one of the charities most frequently supported by the group (Aspire)
https://www.chicks.org.uk - another charity regularly supported by the group (Chicks)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7525725.stm - BBC News item 'New high for Extreme Cellists' - video
British instrumental musical groups |
The R267 road is a regional road in County Donegal, Ireland. The road links Donegal Town with the N15, a road which runs around the eastern and south-eastern edge of Donegal Town. The N15 forms part of the main road between Derry and Sligo Town. The R267, parts of which are known as the Derry Road or the Ballybofey Road within Donegal Town, crosses the Drumenny Burn between The Northern Garage and the District Hospital, near where the burn enters the River Eske. The road is long.
See also
Roads in Ireland
National primary road
National secondary road
References
Regional roads in the Republic of Ireland
Roads in County Donegal |
Newcomb ball (also known simply as Newcomb, and sometimes spelled Newcombe (ball)) is a ball game played in a gymnasium or court using two opposing teams and a net. Newcomb ball and the sport of volleyball were both created in 1895 and are similar in their design. The sport rivaled volleyball in popularity and participation by the 1920s. The sport of throwball may be a possible relative.
Newcomb ball was invented in 1895 by Clara Baer, a physical education instructor at Sophie Newcomb College, Tulane University in New Orleans. The sport is one of a rare number of sports which have been created by women and is of historical significance in American sport, not only for having been invented by a woman, but also for becoming the second team sport to be played there by women after basketball. In 1996, an article in the Journal of Sport History written by Joan Paul speculated that Newcomb ball may have preceded the creation of volleyball and may have influenced its development.
Early development
Baer invented the game of Newcomb as the result of an effort "to place before her students a game that could be easily arranged, could include any number of students, could be played in any designated time and in any available space". The game was first publicised in an article by Baer in the Posse Gymnasium Journal, where the name "Newcomb" was first coined. A more detailed paper was later prepared for the American Physical Education Association, which was received with "hearty approval". Baer first officially published a description of the game in 1895, together with the first book of rules for women's basketball.
Originally, Newcomb ball involved two teams placed facing each other in a small gymnasium, the object being for one team to "throw the ball into the other team’s area with such direction and force that it caused the ball to hit the floor without being caught." This was called a “touch-down” and scored a point for the throwing team.
Original rules (1910)
The game
Baer published an official set of rules in 1910. These listed 22 separate rules and 16 fouls, with the major objective still being to score touch-downs by throwing the ball so that it hit the ground or floor on the opponent’s side of the court. The game was to be played with an official "Newcomb Ball" (size 1 for grammar grades and size 2 for high schools and colleges).
The court
The playing area was divided by a "Division Line" into two equal halves. The height of the rope defining the Division Line varied from , according to the age of the players. Neutral zones called "Bases" were marked across the entire court, from the Division Line. The space between the Base and the end of the playing area was called the "Court".
The rules
The rules were defined as follows:
A "touch-down" shall count for the side sending the ball
A foul shall add one point to the opponent's score.
A majority of points shall decide the game.
The team that secures the "toss-up" opens the game.
The players must stand within the Boundary Lines.
No players shall step over the lines except to secure an "out" ball, or when running for the "Toss-up".
A ball thrown by a player out of the Boundary Lines shall be counted a foul.
The ball must be thrown with one hand. It cannot be kicked.
No player shall catch or throw the ball while down. She or he must be standing.
The ball must clear the rope and touch the opposite court to constitute a "touch-down".
If a ball is batted into the neutral ground by a player receiving it, it shall constitute a foul against the side receiving the ball.
An "out" ball beyond the Boundary Lines shall not constitute a foul unless tapped by a player as it passes over the court, when it counts against the side receiving the ball. it should be returned to play at the nearest point of its passage and exit from the court.
If, in passing the ball to another player on the same team, it should drop to the floor (ground) it shall constitute a foul.
In the gymnasium, when the ball strikes any flat surface it may constitute a point.
A ball striking the wall and bounding into the neutral ground shall constitute a foul for the team sending the ball.
There shall be no protests, except by the Captain; no talking, no general disturbance of the game.
The ball must not be thrown under the ropes nor between the Base Line.
In match game, unavoidable loss of time shall be deducted.
When the question arises between teams as to whose ball shall be used, each team may furnish the ball for one-half of the game.
In match games, the length of each half must be determined before the game.
In the absence of a regular instructor, the Captain shall decide the position of the players on the court.
The teams shall change courts during the second half of the game.
Fouls
The following were defined as fouls:
When the ball touches the rope.
When the ball passes under the rope.
When the ball falls into neutral ground – counts against side sending the ball.
Tapping the ball over the lines – counts against the side receiving the ball.
Striking a player with the ball.
Falling.
Audible signals.
Needlessly rough playing.
Unnecessary protests.
Talking, or any disturbance of the game.
Running all over the court.
Stepping over, or on, the Lines.
Playing out of Boundary Lines.
Needlessly high balls.
Dropping the ball.
Any violation of the rules of the game.
Officials
The rules required that each team be represented by a Captain, elected by the team or appointed by the physical education instructor. In match games there was to be a referee, a time-keeper and an official scorer.
Later rules (1914)
A later set of Newcomb rules was published by Baer in 1914, and consisted of 14 rules with 79 sections. By this time the Spalding sports equipment company marketed a "Newcomb Outfit" including ropes and wall-posts. The rope divider was set at for girls' games and when boys were playing. The revised rules allowed six to twelve players on each side and required both teams to agree on the number of participants at least a week prior to the game. The rules permitted up to twenty players in recreational and playground teams.
A 30-minute time limit, consisting of 15-minute halves, was prescribed for a Newcomb ball match, which could be altered with agreement between the teams before the game began. The rules were also changed so that a point was scored for each foul and the ball awarded to the team fouled, rather than taking the ball back to the center base area for a jump-ball between captains.
National Newcomb Advisory Committee
Around 1911 Baer established a Newcomb game advisory committee. Members included Baroness Rose Posse, President of the Posse Normal School of Gymnastics, Boston, Massachusetts; Miss Ethel Perrin, Supervisor of Physical Training, Detroit Public Schools; Mrs. Fannie Cheever Burton, Associate Professor of Physical Education, State Normal College, Ypsilanti, Michigan; Miss Mary Ida Mann, Instructor, Department of Hygiene and Physical Education, University of Chicago; John E. Lombard, Director of Physical Training, New Orleans Public Schools; and Otto F. Monahan, Physical Director, The Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut.
Newcomb ball today
Today Newcomb ball is not widely played on a competitive basis, but remains a popular game for people with limited athletic ability or those with certain disabilities or as a simple introduction to volleyball. It has also become popularized in many northern New England summer camps such as Windham Tolland 4H camp in Connecticut. The sport teaches children the fundamentals of volleyball and is beneficial in promoting the development of hand-eye coordination and motor skills. There is evidence of the game being played in the United States, Canada, Mexico, China, Argentina, Australia. and Israel.
Rules may vary widely. One version of Newcomb ball rules today is:
"Two teams each having 9 to 12 players on the court at a time. Play begins with the server from the serving team throwing the ball over the net to the opponents. The ball remains in play being thrown back and forth across the net until there is a miss. Three players may play the ball before throwing it over the net. If the receiving team misses, the serving team scores a point and the next play begins with the same server. If the serving team misses, it loses the serve. No point is scored for either team and the next play begins with the opponents as the serving team. Each time a team wins a point, the same server serves for the next play. Each time a team wins the serve, players on that team rotate and remain in the new position until the serve is lost and won back again. The first team scoring 11 points or a set time limit wins the game."
Variations and similar games
Throwball
Throwball, played in India, is very similar to Newcomb ball.
Prisoner ball
Prisoner ball is a variation of Newcomb ball where players are "taken prisoner" or released from "prison" instead of scoring points.
Hooverball
Popularized by US President Herbert Hoover, Hooverball is played with a volleyball net and a medicine ball; it is scored like tennis, but the ball is caught and then thrown back as in Newcomb ball. The weight of the medicine ball can make the sport physically demanding. Championship tournaments are held annually in West Branch, Iowa.
Rhode Island Rules Newcomb
Another local variation of Newcomb ball is played on a beach volleyball court with two players per team. The game is played to 11 (must win by 2), and points are awarded following college volleyball rules (e.g. a side must serve in order to score). The game is played at a much faster pace than in the playground variant, and rewards speed, strategy, and positioning.
Basic rules prohibit leaping off the ground while throwing, holding the ball for more than three seconds, and blocking or tapping the ball back over the net on a return. Passing between teammates or moving while in possession of the ball are both prohibited (though pivoting is allowed). A player who dives or falls making a catch must throw from his or her knees. Service is delivered from the back line.
Advanced players develop a varied arsenal of throws using different throwing motions to result in curveballs, knuckleballs, sliders, and more. These throws add complexity to the game and require a higher degree of athletic ability than in many other varieties of Newcomb.
Scottyball
Scott Adams, the creator of Dilbert, describes the details of a game he calls "Scottyball" with rules very similar to Newcomb ball on his blog.
Nuke 'em ball
Newcomb ball is sometimes spelled and pronounced "Nuke 'em" ball.
Cachibol
Newcomb ball is also known as cachibol in Spain, Mexico and other Spanish-speaking countries.
Catchball (kadureshet)
A similar game is called Catchball, or in . An Israeli national league was formed in 2006, and in 2013 consisted of 12 teams. It is the fastest growing sport for women in Israel. Thousands of women join teams all around the country and meet other teams for league games every week
The Israeli Catchball Association is the official professional organization. In addition, there is another league called "Mamanet" (its name being a portmanteau of "Mama" and "net") that is organized through schools, especially for mothers of schoolchildren. It is the most popular adult women's sport in Israel
Notes
References
External links
Australian Sports Commission, Playing for Life Information Cards - Newcombe ball
Home page of the Israeli National Kadureshet League
Volleyball variations
Ball games
Team sports
Sports originating in the United States
Women's sports
History of women's sports |
This was the first edition of the tournament.
Grégoire Barrère and Albano Olivetti won the title after defeating Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul 6–2, 6–4 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
References
External links
Main draw
Internazionali di Tennis Città di Parma - Doubles |
The North American Debating Championship is one of the two official university debate championships of North America. It is sanctioned by the national university debating associations in the United States and Canada, the American Parliamentary Debate Association and the Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate. It has been held each winter on an alternating basis between the United States and Canada since 1992. The host university arranges all judging and is not allowed in the competition. The most frequent hosts have been the University of Toronto and McGill University, which have each hosted the championship three times. Bates College, Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, and Queen's University have each hosted twice. This tournament, often abbreviated as NorthAms, is not to be confused with the North American Universities Debating Championship, abbreviated as NAUDC, which is hosted separately in the fall of each year as a British Parliamentary Style tournament. The two events are coordinated such that each is hosted by a different country, the United States or Canada, in a given year.
The most recent iteration was held by the University of Western Ontario in January 2023. The current North American champions are from Harvard University.
Results
Since 1992, the most successful universities overall has been Yale University with eight championship victories. Following them is the University of Toronto with seven wins. After that, Princeton University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University and McGill University have two championships each, and no other university has won more than once.
No team has ever repeated as the top team at the championship. Three individuals have won the top team award twice: Matthew Wansley of Yale University won back-to-back championships from 2005 to 2007. Prior to that, Nathan MacDonald and Robert Silver won first together for the University of Western Ontario in 1997–1998, then MacDonald for the University of Guelph in 1998–1999, and Silver for the University of Ottawa in 1999–2000. Three people have won the top individual debater award twice: Casey Halladay of the University of Ottawa in 1997–1998 and 1999–2000, Rory Gillis of Yale University in two consecutive years from 2004 to 2006, and Kate Falkenstien of Yale in two consecutive years from 2010 to 2012.
North American Public Speaking Championship
Every year from 1992 to 2001, and biannually from 2003 to 2007, individual public speaking was also an event at the championship. It was run as a parallel tournament, with a grand public speaking final before the final round of debate. After 2007, it was discontinued as APDA had shortened debating tournaments and discontinued public speaking as a regular event at US tournaments. No individual ever repeated as North American Public Speaking Champion. McGill University and the University of Ottawa each had three public speaking champions, the most of any university.
References
External links
CUSID Summary of Past Championships
North American debating competitions |
Değirmenköy (also: Değirmen) is a village in the Güroymak District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. Its population is 2,417 (2021).
References
Villages in Güroymak District |
America 500 Years is the title of a series of paintings created in 1988–1991 by Nabil Kanso in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America. The works in the series base their subjects on historical events in the Americas over the course of five centuries.
Description
America 500 Years series of paintings comprise a wide range of works including 9 mural-scale paintings executed in oil applied in rhythmic succession of vigorous brushwork infusing patterns and textures of varying density with intense tones of predominantly blue-black figures set against a combination of orange, red, and yellow ground.
The compositions divide the canvas space into distinct sections within a planar layout constituting the basis for constructing a scene of separate parts offering variations of viewpoints in their contrast between subject matter and technique. The pictorial organization conveys a volumetric presence of highly condensed images in juxtaposed planes expanding their irregular shaped boundaries near the top of the canvas. The relation between them is important for an overall understanding of the picture and its meaning.
Paintings in the series
1 – Discovery measuring tall and wide depicts the first landing of Christopher Columbus in the New World in a scene divided in two parts corresponding to two worlds, one posed by the arrival of Columbus, the other inhabited by natives. At the forefront of the right section stands a figure representing Columbus with a fierce look resting one hand on his sword, the other raising the cross. A silhouetted figure rises behind him with one arm raised and one stretched toward two sails above an assemblage of figures and objects that include a rearing horse, a figure in body armor, a mariner's compass, gunpowder and cannons alluding to some of the equipments and instruments brought by Columbus. The left part depicts an eagle and a group of figures that may represent the Taíno or Arawak natives, referred by Columbus as Indians.
2 – Encounter 3.65 × 5.50 meters (12 × 18 ft) depicts a scene reflecting the encounter between Hernán Cortés, the Spanish conquistador and Montezuma, ruler of the Aztec Empire. The scene entails two sections separated by a V-shaped space formed by the intersecting fall of a figure warrior and an eagle as a metaphor for the Aztec fallen eagle. The right plane shows a dominant figure personating Cortés with a steering look reaching for his sword drawn over two struggling figures. He leans backward upon a female figure representing his interpreter and mistress known as la Malinche. The upper area shows a screaming figure with wide-flung arms arching a wild-looking horse above the figures of a priest and a soldier. The left section depicts a figure representing Montezuma holding a flower necklace. His posture orients a triangular shaped plane fitted with a group of figures, a Serpent and objects with symbolic forms.
3 – Covenant 3.65 × 5.50 meters (12 × 18 ft) depicts a scene based on the subject of the arrival in America of the early settlers known as the Pilgrims who wrote the governing Compact aboard the Mayflower ship that landed at Plymouth. The painting's two sections are parted at the top center by a red-yellow sun amid a whirlwind of pendulous shaped forms extending themselves over the entire picture surface. At the top right side, dripping lines around the sun seem to give shape to the sail of a ship and overlap three joined figures that may refer to the signatories of the Covenant. Below them are thrusting figures reflecting natives appear with offerings such as plants and staples. The lower forefront shows a clergyman above a female figure leaning backward and holding in her hand a torched broom in flame alluding to the Salem witch trials.
4 – Birth 1776 (3.65 × 5.50 meters) depicts a scene on the American Revolution and Independence in a composition that divides the canvas in two parts linked at the center by a massive tree extending its branches in all directions scattering a wild assortment of shapes suggesting "organic cells that seem to subdivide and float around the figures." A fearless eagle sits at the top against a background of red and white stripes reflecting the American flag in a space dotted with stars and an image of the Liberty Bell. The area along the sides of the tree trunk shows the faces of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. The left and right sections are linked by the tree trunk in establishing a unified base line projecting forms of muskets and rifles.<
5 – Branching (3.65 × 5.50 meters), continues the motif of the tree in Birth 1776 with a tripartite scene on the war of liberation and independence in Latin America depicting a "ponderous tree-trunk that builds a pathway" throughout the picture. The structured planes are surrounded by light bluish space containing forms reflecting the faces of Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, Antonio Sucre, Francisco de Miranda, Miguel Hidalgo, and José Morelos.
6 – Chains Under a Blinding Sun (3 × 5.50 meters) is based on the subject of slavery depicting a three-part scene reflecting dark blue figures within a compressed space of deep yellow planes under a partial view of a hazy sun. Long pendulous shapes with circumventing rings emerge from both sides and converge at the center with dripping lines over chained and struggling figures and symbols of enslavement, hanging, lynching, and torture.
7 – Bleeding Eagles (3 × 5.50 meters) bases its subject on Native Americans with a scene imparting various allusions, symbolism and contrasting elements. The composition sets intense dark blue figures inside two fire-red rectangular planes whose upper parts recede outward creating a wide V-shaped central section dominated by two fighting eagles. They span their wings in a crisscross formation scattering flying feathers over a grey-white space defined by bluish flowing forms outlining drawn faces of native chiefs Pontiac, Joseph, Cochise, Crazy Horse, Black Hawk, Red Cloud, and Sitting Bull. Above the chiefs' heads and across the upper plane, sweeping shapes of red strips with black-blue contours fuse with flowing lines of varying densities. They appear dripping over the entire image highlighting the movement and tension of the scene.
8 – North-South Split (3.65 × 5.50) meters deals with the subject of the American Civil War in a scene composed in three sections demarcated at the edges by a white-bluish space that seems to widen around the upper middle part with floating forms outlining on one side the face of Abraham Lincoln, and on the other, the faces of Robert E Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Their heads are turned toward the central image showing a female figure diving over a child falling between two opposing figures that personify the fighting between the Confederate and Union armies. The right side plane is occupied by dark-blue figures surrounded by circular forms of chains breaking and loosening within the organism of a compressed space. The left side shows figures, elements, and symbols reflecting some events that may allude to the Mexican–American War.
9 – Glimmering Dawn (3.65 × 5.50 meters) depicts a three-part composition with an atmospheric evocation of the twentieth century. It is suggested that "the attitudes and motions of the figures and forms appear defined by webs of fire-lit strings" descending from different directions with a focus at the top of the central section occupied by an umbrella shaped sphere conjuring the threat of an atomic explosion. White-blue strips flowing with figure forms surround the three sections.
See also
The Split of Life
References
External links
America series of paintings
works
Modern paintings
War paintings
Series of paintings by Nabil Kanso
American paintings |
Bending Spoons S.p.A. is a technology company, founded in 2013 and based in Milan, Italy. The company is known primarily for mobile apps, including Splice, , and 30 Day Fitness. In November 2022, it agreed to acquire Evernote. The acquisition was concluded in January 2023. Bending Spoons is one of the world's leading mobile developers, by number of app downloads.
On 17 April 2020, the Italian government released a statement on its website announcing that Bending Spoons had been selected to design and develop Italy's official COVID-19 contact tracing app, Immuni. Bending Spoons granted the government a perpetual and irrevocable license for Immuni, free of charge. The app was released on 1 June 2020. It was initially released in four regions, then countrywide.
Awards
2020, 2022: Top 10, Best Workplaces™ in Europe
2023: Winner, Best Workplaces™ (150–499 employees) in Italy
2019, 2020: Winner, Best Workplaces™ (50–149 employees) in Italy
2022: 2nd place, Best Workplaces™ (150–499 employees) in Italy
2019: Winner, Best Workplaces™ for Women in Italy
2019, 2020, 2021, 2022: Winner, Best Workplaces™ for Millennials in Italy
2022: 2nd place, Best Workplaces™ for Diversity, Equity & Inclusion in Italy
2019: 2nd place, Best Workplaces™ for Innovation in Italy
Immuni
Immuni was Italy's official contact tracing app in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. Bending Spoons designed and developed Immuni under the direction of the Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 Emergency, the Ministry of Health, and the Minister for Technological Innovation. Bending Spoons granted the government a perpetual and irrevocable license for Immuni, free of charge.
The Immuni project was announced in a press release on the Italian government website on 17 April 2020. Italy's Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte discussed the Immuni project in a televised press conference on 30 April 2020. Immuni was awarded the maximum five stars by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s MIT Technology Review Contact Tracing Tracker in May 2020.
With Immuni, Italy was the first major European nation to launch a contact tracing app, and it received 2.2 million downloads in its first ten days since launching on the App Store and Google Play Store on 1 June 2020.
Immuni was decommissioned on December 31, 2022.
The name
In a 2019 interview with Forbes Leader's Talk, Bending Spoons CEO and co-founder Luca Ferrari stated:
Other notable activities
Bending Spoons has published open source libraries on GitHub. As of June 2020, its Swift framework "Katana" has received over 2,000 stars.
Bending Spoons runs annual bootcamps for promising students. These include First Ascent International, First Ascent Italy, and First Ascent Business.
See also
COVID-19 apps
References
External links
Italian companies established in 2013
Companies based in Milan
Software companies of Italy
Privately held companies of Italy |
NGC 180 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on December 29, 1790 by William Herschel.
A peculiar type II supernova was discovered in the galaxy in 2001 and given the designation SN 2001dj.
See also
Spiral galaxy
List of NGC objects (1–1000)
Pisces (constellation)
References
External links
SEDS
0180
00380
Barred spiral galaxies
Pisces (constellation)
Astronomical objects discovered in 1790
+01-02-039
002268 |
In physical optics or wave optics, a vector soliton is a solitary wave with multiple components coupled together that maintains its shape during propagation. Ordinary solitons maintain their shape but have effectively only one (scalar) polarization component, while vector solitons have two distinct polarization components. Among all the types of solitons, optical vector solitons draw the most attention due to their wide range of applications, particularly in generating ultrafast pulses and light control technology. Optical vector solitons can be classified into temporal vector solitons and spatial vector solitons. During the propagation of both temporal solitons and spatial solitons, despite being in a medium with birefringence, the orthogonal polarizations can copropagate as one unit without splitting due to the strong cross-phase modulation and coherent energy exchange between the two polarizations of the vector soliton which may induce intensity differences between these two polarizations. Thus vector solitons are no longer linearly polarized but rather elliptically polarized.
Definition
C.R. Menyuk first derived the nonlinear pulse propagation equation in a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) under weak birefringence. Then, Menyuk described vector solitons as two solitons (more accurately called solitary waves) with orthogonal polarizations which co-propagate together without dispersing their energy and while retaining their shapes. Because of nonlinear interaction among these two polarizations, despite the existence of birefringence between these two polarization modes, they could still adjust their group velocity and be trapped together.
Vector solitons can be spatial or temporal, and are formed by two orthogonally polarized components of a single optical field or two fields of different frequencies but the same polarization.
History
In 1987 Menyuk first derived the nonlinear pulse propagation equation in SMF under weak birefringence. This seminal equation opened up the new field of "scalar" solitons to researchers. His equation concerns the nonlinear interaction (cross-phase modulation and coherent energy exchange) between the two orthogonal polarization components of the vector soliton. Researchers have obtained both analytical and numerical solutions of this equation under weak, moderate and even strong birefringence.
In 1988 Christodoulides and Joseph first theoretically predicted a novel form of phase-locked vector soliton in birefringent dispersive media, which is now known as a high-order phase-locked vector soliton in SMFs. It has two orthogonal polarization components with comparable intensity. Despite of the existence of birefringence, these two polarizations could propagate with the same group velocity as they shift their central frequencies.
In 2000, Cundiff and Akhmediev found that these two polarizations could form not only a so-called group-velocity-locked vector soliton but also a polarization-locked vector soliton. They reported that the intensity ratio of these two polarizations can be about 0.25–1.00.
However, recently, another type of vector soliton, "induced vector soliton" has been observed. Such a vector soliton is novel in that the intensity difference between the two orthogonal polarizations is extremely large (20 dB). It seems that weak polarizations are ordinarily unable to form a component of a vector soliton. However, due to the cross-polarization modulation between strong and weak polarization components, a "weak soliton" could also be formed. It thus demonstrates that the soliton obtained is not a "scalar" soliton with a linear polarization mode, but rather a vector soliton with a large ellipticity. This expands the scope of the vector soliton so that the intensity ratio between the strong and weak components of the vector soliton is not limited to 0.25–1.0 but can now extend to 20 dB.
Based on the classic work by Christodoulides and Joseph, which concerns a high-order phase-locked vector soliton in SMFs, a stable high-order phase-locked vector soliton has recently been created in a fiber laser. It has the characteristic that not only are the two orthogonally polarized soliton components phase-locked, but also one of the components has a double-humped intensity profile.
The following pictures show that, when the fiber birefringence is taken into consideration, a single nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) fails to describe the soliton dynamics but instead two coupled NLSEs are required. Then, solitons with two polarization modes can be numerically obtained.
FWM spectral sideband in vector soliton
A new pattern of spectral sidebands was first experimentally observed on the polarization-resolved soliton spectra of the polarization-locked vector solitons of fiber lasers. The new spectral sidebands are characterized by the fact that their positions on the soliton's spectrum vary with the strength of the linear cavity birefringence, and while one polarization component's sideband has a spectral peak, the orthogonal polarization component has a spectral dip, indicating the energy exchange between the two orthogonal polarization components of the vector solitons. Numeric simulations also confirmed that the formation of the new type of spectral sidebands was caused by the FWM between the two polarization components.
Bound vector soliton
Two adjacent vector solitons could form a bound state. Compared with scalar bound solitons, the polarization state of this soliton is more complex. Because of the cross interactions, the bound vector solitons could have much stronger interaction forces than can exist between scalar solitons.
Vector dark soliton
Dark solitons are characterized by being formed from a localized reduction of intensity compared to a more intense continuous wave background. Scalar dark solitons (linearly polarized dark solitons) can be formed in all normal dispersion fiber lasers mode-locked by the nonlinear polarization rotation method and can be rather stable. Vector dark solitons are much less stable due to the cross-interaction between the two polarization components. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate how the polarization state of these two polarization components evolves.
In 2009, the first dark soliton fiber laser has been successfully achieved in an all-normal dispersion erbium-doped fiber laser with a polarizer in cavity. Experimentally finding that apart from the bright pulse emission, under appropriate conditions the fiber laser could also emit single or multiple dark pulses. Based on numerical simulations we interpret the dark pulse formation in the laser as a result of dark soliton shaping.
Vector dark bright soliton
A "bright soliton" is characterized as a localized intensity peak above a continuous wave (CW) background while a dark soliton is featured as a localized intensity dip below a continuous wave (CW) background. "Vector dark bright soliton" means that one polarization state is a bright soliton while the other polarization is a dark soliton. Vector dark bright solitons have been reported in incoherently coupled spatial DBVSs in a self-defocusing medium and matter-wave DBVS in two-species condensates with repulsive scattering interactions, but never verified in the field of optical fiber.
Induced vector soliton
Using a birefringent cavity fiber laser, an induced vector soliton may be formed due to the cross-coupling between the two orthogonal polarization components. If a strong soliton is formed along one principal polarization axis, then a weak soliton will be induced along the orthogonal polarization axis. The intensity of the weak component in an induced vector soliton may be so weak that by itself it could not form a soliton in the SPM. The characteristics of this type of soliton have been modeled numerically and confirmed by experiment.
Vector dissipative soliton
A vector dissipative soliton could be formed in a laser cavity with net positive dispersion, and its formation mechanism is a natural result of the mutual nonlinear interaction among the normal cavity dispersion, cavity fiber nonlinear Kerr effect, laser gain saturation and gain bandwidth filtering. For a conventional soliton, it is a balance between only the dispersion and nonlinearity. Differing from a conventional soliton, a Vector dissipative soliton is strongly frequency chirped. It is unknown whether or not a phase-locked gain-guided vector soliton could be formed in a fiber laser: either the polarization-rotating or the phase-locked dissipative vector soliton can be formed in a fiber laser with large net normal cavity group velocity dispersion. In addition, multiple vector dissipative solitons with identical soliton parameters and harmonic mode-locking to the conventional dissipative vector soliton can also be formed in a passively mode-locked fiber laser with a SESAM.
Multiwavelength dissipative soliton
Recently, multiwavelength dissipative soliton in an all normal dispersion fiber laser passively mode-locked with a SESAM has been generated. It is found that depending on the cavity birefringence, stable single-, dual- and triple-wavelength dissipative soliton can be formed in the laser. Its generation mechanism can be traced back to the nature of dissipative soliton.
Polarization rotation of vector soliton
In scalar solitons, the output polarization is always linear due to the existence of an in-cavity polarizer. But for vector solitons, the polarization state can be rotating arbitrarily but still locked to the cavity round-trip time or an integer multiple thereof.
Higher-order vector soliton
In higher-order vector solitons, not only are the two orthogonally polarized soliton components phase-locked, but also one of the components has a double-humped intensity profile. Multiple such phase-locked high-order vector solitons with identical soliton parameters and harmonic mode-locking of the vector solitons have also been obtained in lasers. Numerical simulations confirmed the existence of stable high-order vector solitons in fiber lasers.
Optical domain wall soliton
Recently, a phase-locked dark-dark vector soliton was only observed in fiber lasers of positive dispersion, a phase-locked dark-bright vector soliton was obtained in fiber lasers of either positive or negative dispersion. Numerical simulations confirmed the experimental observations, and further showed that the observed vector solitons are the two types of phase-locked polarization domain-wall solitons theoretically predicted.
Vector soliton fiber laser with atomic layer graphene
Except the conventional semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs), which use III–V semiconductor multiple quantum wells grown on distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), many researchers have turned their attention onto other materials as saturable absorbers. Especially because there are a number of drawbacks associated with SESAMs. For example, SESAMs require complex and costly clean-room-based fabrication systems such as Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) or Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), and an additional substrate removal process is needed in some cases; high-energy heavy-ion implantation is required to introduce defect sites in order to reduce the device recovery time (typically a few nanoseconds) to the picosecond regime required for short-pulse laser mode-locking applications; since the SESAM is a reflective device, its use is restricted to only certain types of linear cavity topologies.
Other laser cavity topologies such as the ring-cavity design, which requires a transmission-mode device, which offers advantages such as doubling the repetition rate for a given cavity length, and which is less sensitive to reflection-induced instability with the use of optical isolators, is not possible unless an optical circulator is employed, which increases cavity loss and laser complexity; SESAMs also suffer from a low optical damage threshold. But there had been no alternative saturable absorbing materials to compete with SESAMs for the passive mode-locking of fiber lasers.
Recently, by the virtue of the saturable absorption properties in single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the near-infrared region with ultrafast saturation recovery times of ~1 picosecond, researchers have successfully produced a new type of effective saturable absorber quite different from SESAMs in structure and fabrication, and has, in fact, led to the demonstration of pico- or subpicosecond erbium-doped fiber (EDF) lasers. In these lasers, solid SWCNT saturable absorbers have been formed by direct deposition of SWCNT films onto flat glass substrates, mirror substrates, or end facets of optical fibers. However, the non-uniform chiral properties of SWNTs present inherent problems for precise control of the properties of the saturable absorber. Furthermore, the presence of bundled and entangled SWNTs, catalyst particles, and the formation of bubbles cause high nonsaturable losses in the cavity, despite the fact that the polymer host can circumvent some of these problems to some extent and afford ease of device integration. In addition, under large energy ultrashort pulses multi-photon effect induced oxidation occurs, which degrades the long term stability of the absorber.
Graphene is a single two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer of carbon atom arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Although as an isolated film it is a zero bandgap semiconductor, it is found that like the SWCNTs, graphene also possesses saturable absorption. In particular, as it has no bandgap, its saturable absorption is wavelength independent. It is potentially possible to use graphene or graphene-polymer composite to make a wideband saturable absorber for laser mode locking. Furthermore, comparing with the SWCNTs, as graphene has a 2D structure it should have much smaller non-saturable loss and much higher damage threshold. Indeed, with an erbium-doped fiber laser we self-started mode locking and stable soliton pulse emission with high energy have been achieved.
Due to the perfect isotropic absorption properties of graphene, the generated solitons could be regarded as vector solitons. How the evolution of vector soliton under the interaction of graphene was still unclear but interesting, particularly because it involved the mutual interaction of nonlinear optical wave with the atoms., which was highlighted in Nature Asia Materials and nanowerk.
Furthermore, atomic layer graphene possesses wavelength-insensitive ultrafast saturable absorption, which can be exploited as a "full-band" mode locker. With an erbium-doped dissipative soliton fiber laser mode locked with few layer graphene, it has been experimentally shown that dissipative solitons with continuous wavelength tuning as large as 30 nm (1570 nm-1600 nm) can be obtained.
See also
Soliton
Fiber laser
Nonlinear system
Compacton, a soliton with compact support
Clapotis
Freak waves may be a related phenomenon
Oscillon
Peakon, a soliton with a non-differentiable peak
Q-ball, a non-topological soliton
Soliton (topological)
Soliton (optics)
Soliton model of nerve impulse propagation
Spatial soliton
Solitary waves in discrete media
Topological quantum number
Sine-Gordon equation
Graphene
Nonlinear Schrödinger equation
References
Physical optics |
St Mary Woolchurch Haw was a parish church in the City of London, destroyed in the Great Fire of London of 1666 and not rebuilt. It came within the ward of Walbrook.
History
The church of St Mary Woolchurch Haw was an ancient foundation, dating from the time of William I, when it was given to the Abbot and Convent of St John's, Colchester, by Hubert of Ryes, who was the father of Eudo Dapifer, William's steward. In the Charter of Endowment, it is referred to as "St Mary of West Cheaping, which is called Newchurch"; the eastern end of Cheapside is now called Poultry. It became the property of the crown after the dissolution.
The name is said to be derived from a beam that was once fixed in the churchyard, which was used for weighing wool. The church was rebuilt in the reign of Henry VI. At the end of the sixteenth century John Stow described it as "reasonably fair and large", and John Strype recorded that it was "richly repaired and beautified, at the Charge of the Parishioners" in 1629.
St Mary Woolchurch Haw was one of the 86 parish churches destroyed by the Great Fire in 1666. The parish clerk and the sexton were able to rescue the "plate" (the silverware used during services), "the new great Bible" and some vestments; while the clerk was doing this, all his own property was burned. In 1670 a Rebuilding Act was passed and a committee set up under the stewardship of Sir Christopher Wren to decide which would be rebuilt. Fifty-one were chosen, but St Mary Woolchurch Haw was not among them. The parish was united to that of St Mary Woolnoth.
The Mansion House now stands on the site.
Present day
The parish now forms part of the combined parish of St Edmund the King and Martyr, and St Mary Woolnoth Lombard Street with St Nicholas Acons, All Hallows Lombard Street, St Benet Gracechurch, St Leonard Eastcheap, St Dionis Backchurch and St Mary Woolchurch Haw – usually shortened to "St Edmund & St Mary Woolnoth". It is part of the Church of England's Diocese of London.
References
Churches destroyed in the Great Fire of London and not rebuilt
Churches in the City of London
Former buildings and structures in the City of London
13th-century establishments in England
1666 disestablishments in England |
Pine is an unincorporated community in Camp County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 78 in 2000.
History
The area in what is known as Pine today was first settled in the late 1830s. A post office was established at Pine in 1848 and remained in operation until 1871. It was originally named Pine Tree for the various pine trees in the area. It then became a railroad switch station on the Texas and St. Louis Railway in the 1870s and was named Cannon Switch for local pastor Burrell Cannon. He also served as the president of the Ezekiel Airship Company. The post office reopened in 1892 under the name Pine and remained in operation until 1954. The community had two churches, a lumber mill, a shingle mill, and 100 residents in 1896. It then dropped to 55 in 1925 and went down to 30 two decades later. The area surrounding the community remained heavily populated throughout the 1930s, even though the community's population declined. Pine made a comeback in the 1960s and had 98 residents by 1970. Its population went down to 78 from 1972 through 2000. There were no businesses in the community during the 1970s, but in 1983, it had a church, a community center, and a small store.
Geography
Pine is located on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway at the intersection of Farm to Market Road 1522 and U.S. Highway 271, south of Pittsburg in southern Camp County.
Education
Pine had two schools in 1935 that taught 141 students. Since 1955, Pine has been served by the Pittsburg Independent School District.
References
Unincorporated communities in Camp County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas |
A Thousand Different Ways is the third studio album by Clay Aiken. The album, which was executive produced by Jaymes Foster, consists of ten covers and four new songs. It was released by RCA on September 19, 2006. The first single was "Without You" and the second, "A Thousand Days."
Writers of the four new songs ("These Open Arms", "Lonely No More", "A Thousand Days" and "Everything I Have") include Jon Bon Jovi, Desmond Child, Andreas Carlsson, Jeremy Bose, Aldo Nova, Samuel Waermo, Mimmi Waermo, and Aiken himself. "These Open Arms" previously appeared as a bonus track on the Japanese issue Bon Jovi's 2005 album "Have A Nice Day".
Available only through iTunes as a bonus cut when the complete album is downloaded, is a fifth new song titled "Lover All Alone". Aiken wrote the lyrics and David Foster wrote the music.
"Broken Wings" is the last cut on the album and an original poem written by Erin Taylor was woven throughout the lyrics. The last line of this poem which is also the last line added to the song lyrics became the album title.
Kmart offered for a limited time (as a download) an exclusive bonus recording of If You Don't Know Me by Now.
Sales and chart performance
The album, selling 211,000 units in its first week, made its debut on the Billboard charts at number two on the Billboard 200, number three on Digital Albums and number one on Internet Sales.
The album received RIAA Gold certification on November 2, 2006 and spent 14 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart.
Track listing
"Right Here Waiting"
"Lonely No More"
"Without You"
"Everytime You Go Away"
"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word"
"When I See You Smile"
"A Thousand Days"
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You"
"Because You Loved Me"
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
"These Open Arms"
"Here You Come Again"
"Everything I Have"
"Broken Wings"
Bonus tracks
<li>"Lover All Alone" (iTunes Exclusive; album-only download)
"If You Don't Know Me By Now" (Kmart Exclusive; limited time download)
Song notes
"Right Here Waiting" Written by: Richard Marx / Produced by: John Fields – 4:20
"When I See You Smile" Written by: Diane Warren / Produced by: John Fields – 4:24
"Without You" Written by: Thomas Evans, Peter Ham / Produced by: John Fields – 3:36
"Lonely No More" Written by: Andreas Carlsson, Samuel Waermo, Mimmi Waermo & Clay Aiken / Produced by: Andreas Carlsson & Samuel Waermo – 3:27
"Sorry Seems to be the Hardest Word" Written by: Elton John & Bernie Taupin / Produced by: Per Magnusson & David Kreuger – 3:43
"Everytime You Go Away" Written by: Daryl Hall / Produced by: Adam Anders – 4:08
"Everything I Do (I Do It For You)" Written by: Bryan Adams, Michael Kamen & Robert John "Mutt" Lange / Produced by: John Fields – 4:00
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (guest vocal by Suzie McNeil) Written by: Michael Jones / Produced by: Russ Irwin, Marti Frederiksen & Charlton Pettus – 3:41
"These Open Arms" Written by: Jon Bon Jovi & Desmond Child / Produced by: John Fields – 3:27
"Because You Loved Me" Written by: Diane Warren / Produced by: Eman – 4:43
"Here You Come Again" Written by: Barry Mann & Cynthia Weil / Produced by: Adam Anders – 3:32
"Everything I Have" (featuring William Joseph on piano) Written by: Jeremy Bose / Produced by: Humberto Gatica – 4:07
"A Thousand Days" Written by: Christian Leuzzi, Aldo Nova & Emanuel Olsson / Produced by: John Fields – 4:28
"Broken Wings" Written by: Richard Page, John Lang & Steve George / Produced by: Eman – 3:58
"Lover All Alone" Written by: Clay Aiken & David Foster, Emanuel Kiriakou / Produced by: Emanuel Kiriakou – 4:57
"If You Don't Know Me By Now" Written by: Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff – 3:56
On his 2005 Juke Box Tour, Aiken previewed 3 other songs that did not make the final album cut. "Back For More" was sung at every concert date after its introduction at GMA's Summer Concert Series in 2005. "Tears Run Dry" and "Just You" each got one third of the JBT performance dates.
Personnel
Stephen Lu – String arranger and conductor, piano
Dorian Crozier – drums
Tommy Barbarella – Keyboard
Owsley & Greg Suran – Guitar
Ken Chastain – Percussion
Suzie Katsyama – String contractor
Charlie Bisharat – Violin
Michele Richards – Violin
Matt Funes – Viola
Larry Corbett – Cello
Jonas Groning – String arranger
Henrik Nordenback – Drums, Percussion
Sebastian Nyhlund – Electric guitar, Acoustic Guitar
Esbjorn Ohrwall – Electric guitar
Thomas Blindberg – Bass
Fredrik Larsson – Piano
Emil Heiling – Background vocals
Michael Bland – Drums
Jason Scheff – Background Vocals
Nikki Hassman – Vocal Production, Background Vocals
Rasmus 'Raz' Billie Bahncke – Keyboard & Drum Programming, String arranger
Rene Tromborg – Drum Programming
Cliff Lin – Drum Programming, Guitars, Assistant Engineer, Editing
Rebecca Walker – Background Vocals
Jeff Bova – String arranger
Jules Chaiken – String conductor
Emanuel Kiriakou – Piano, Acoustic & Electric guitars, Bass, Keyboards, Programming
Jimi Englund – Drums, Percussion
Doug Petty – Hammond B-3
Tom Leonard – Background Vocals
Russ Irwin – Guitars, Keyboards, Programming
Charlton Pettus – Guitars, Bass, Programming
Ryan Brown – Drums
Quiana Parler – Background Vocals
Adam Anders – Keyboards, Guitars, Bass
Shawn Pelton – Drums
David Foster – String arranger
Jeremy Lubbock – String arranger
Dean Parks – Guitar
Erin Taylor – Additional lyrics, spoken word
Morgan Grace – Harmony, Background Vocals
Orchestra
Jay Lifton – String orchestration
Concertmaster – Marshall Coid, Principal: Dorothy Lawson, Leader: Ralph Farris
Violins: Jonathan Dinklage, Cornelius Dufallo, Amy Kauffman, Brian Krinke, Carol Pool, Rob Shaw, Yuri Vodovoz, Marshall Coid
Violas: Juna Chung, David Gold, Lara Lynne Hicks, Ralph Farris
Cellos: Mairi Dorman-Phaneuf, Erik Friedlander, Dorothy Lawson
Singles
2006 "Without You"
2007 "A Thousand Days"
Certifications
Footnotes
Clay Aiken albums
2006 albums
RCA Records albums
19 Recordings albums |
Lia Aymara "Leah" Duarte Ashmore (born 5 April 1995) is a Paraguayan model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Paraguay 2022. As Miss Universe Paraguay, Ashmore represented Paraguay at Miss Universe 2022.
She was previously crowned as Miss Grand Paraguay 2017 and represented Paraguay at the Miss Grand International 2017 where she finished in the Top 20.
Pageantry
Miss Paraguay 2022
On August 26, 2022 Ashmore represented the department of Guairá and 14 other finalists competed for four titles in the Miss Paraguay 2022 at Paseo La Galería in Asunción. At the end of the event, she was crowned as Miss Universe Paraguay 2022 and succeeded Miss Universe 2021 1st Runner-Up Nadia Ferreira.
Miss Universe 2022
Ashmore will represent Paraguay at Miss Universe 2022.
References
External links
Living people
1995 births
Miss Universe 2022 contestants
Paraguayan beauty pageant winners
Paraguayan female models |
Myxopyronins (Myx) are a group of alpha-pyrone antibiotics, which are inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). They target switch 1 and switch 2 of the RNAP "switch region". Rifamycins and fidaxomicin also target RNAP, but target different sites in RNAP. Myxopyronins do not have cross-resistance with any other drugs so myxopyronins may be useful to address the growing problem of drug resistance in tuberculosis. They also may be useful in treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They are in pre-clinical development and has not yet started clinical trials.
Myxopyronin was first isolated in 1983 from a soil bacterium by Werner Kohl and Herbert Irschik at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (former GBF). A total synthesis of myxopyronin was first reported in 1998 by James S. Panek and co-workers.
The target, the mechanism of action, and the structure of the complex of RNAP with myxopyronin were first reported in 2008 by Richard H. Ebright and co-workers. Synthetic analogs of the natural myxopyronins have been synthesized at Anadys Pharmaceuticals and at Rutgers University.
Terence I. Moy and co-workers at Cubist Pharmaceuticals have stated that, based on high resistance rate and high serum protein binding (comparable to rifamycins and lipiarmycin), the unmodified natural product myxopyronin B is not a viable starting point for antibiotic development.
References
Antibiotics
4-Pyrones |
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