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The Ankodabe skink (Madascincus ankodabensis) is an extant species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar. References Madascincus Reptiles described in 1930 Reptiles of Madagascar Endemic fauna of Madagascar Taxa named by Fernand Angel
Symphony No. 65 in A major, Hoboken I/65, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn which was composed by 1778. Movements The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings. There are four movements: Vivace e con spirito Andante, Menuetto and Trio Finale: Presto, The first movement starts with three declamatory chords at intervals of a rising fourth and a falling minor second followed by a lyrical answer which constitutes the first theme group. This section does not appear in the recapitulation causing some scholars to question if this movement is in sonata form as its form is closer to that of an Italian overture. Scholars have theorized that the eccentric slow movement may have been conceived as incidental music to a play. Musicologist Elaine Sisman suggested that it may have been Shakespeare's Hamlet. The minuet is not dance music, as it is rhythmically complex. Haydn switches frequently between and meter. The minor-key trio also features metric complexity in the form of hemiolas. The finale is a hunting piece, similar to the finale to the 73rd symphony. Notes Symphony 065 1778 compositions Compositions in A major
Paul William Troup III (April 2, 1951 – December 14, 2013) was a professional American football player. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. An undrafted quarterback from the University of South Carolina, Troup played in seven NFL seasons from 1974 to 1980 for 2 different teams. After being released by Baltimore, Troup went north to the C.F.L.'s Winnipeg Blue Bombers, where he served as Dieter Brock's backup for the 1979 season. He saw his most extensive action for the Colts in 1978, when Bert Jones was injured and Mike Kirkland ineffective. References 1951 births 2013 deaths American football quarterbacks Baltimore Colts players Green Bay Packers players South Carolina Gamecocks football players Virginia Cavaliers football players
Meade Glacier is located in the Goat Rocks region in the U.S. state of Washington. The glacier is within the Goat Rocks Wilderness of Snoqualmie National Forest, south of Conrad Glacier and immediately east of Gilbert Peak. Meade Glacier is split into three sections and the lower ablation zone at is not connected to the upper accumulation zone at . See also List of glaciers in the United States References Glaciers of the Goat Rocks Gifford Pinchot National Forest Glaciers of Washington (state)
James Cullen Ganey (April 22, 1899 – February 7, 1972) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Education and career Born in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, Ganey received a Bachelor of Laws from Lehigh University in 1920, and another from Harvard Law School in 1923. He was in private practice in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania from 1923 to 1937. He was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania from 1937 to 1940. Federal judicial service Ganey was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 11, 1940, to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to a new seat authorized by 54 Stat. 219. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 13, 1940, and received his commission on June 19, 1940. He served as Chief Judge and as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1958 to 1961. His service terminated on August 30, 1961, due to elevation to the Third Circuit. Ganey was nominated by President John F. Kennedy on August 3, 1961, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 75 Stat. 80. He was confirmed by the Senate on August 15, 1961, and received his commission on August 15, 1961. He assumed senior status on August 15, 1966. His service terminated on February 7, 1972, due to his death. References Sources 1899 births 1972 deaths Lehigh University alumni Harvard Law School alumni United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania United States district court judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt 20th-century American judges Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit United States court of appeals judges appointed by John F. Kennedy People from Phillipsburg, New Jersey
Mohamed Issa Mrsal (born 1 January 1978) is a Libyan basketball player who competed as a member of the Libya national basketball team since in the 2000s. Mrsal was one of the most consistent members of the Libyan team that finished 11th as the host country in the 2009 FIBA Africa Championship. He averaged 15.1 PPG and 34.5 minutes per game over eight games for the Libyans. Mrsal scored 24 points and grabbed seven rebounds to go along with six assists while playing all 40 minutes in helping the Libyans to victory in the 11th place game over Morocco. References 1978 births Living people Libyan men's basketball players People from Marj
The Chuxiong fire-bellied newt (Cynops cyanurus) is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae that is endemic to China where it is only found in Guizhou and Yunnan. It also occurs in Kunming Lake. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and irrigated land. It is threatened by habitat loss. References Cynops Fauna of Yunnan Amphibians of China Endemic fauna of China Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1982
Uwais Qorny (), known professionally as Iko Uwais, is an Indonesian actor, stuntman, fight choreographer, and martial artist. He is best known for acting in the action films Merantau (2009), The Raid (2011), The Raid 2 (2014), Headshot (2016), Mile 22 (2018), The Night Comes for Us (2018), Stuber (2019) and the Netflix series Wu Assassins (2019–present). Early life Iko Uwais was born Uwais Qorny in Jakarta, to Musthafa and Maisyaroh Kamaluddin. His grandfather, H. Achmad Bunawar, was a silat master and founded a silat school. He is named after the 7th-century Islamic figure Owais al-Qarani. Career In 2007, Uwais was discovered by director Gareth Evans, who was filming a documentary about silat, a form of martial arts, in Uwais's training hall. Uwais's natural charisma and great camera presence encouraged Evans to cast him as the leading role for his first martial art movie, Merantau. After signing a five-year contract with Gareth Evans and his production company, Uwais resigned from his daytime job as an operational driver at Esia, an Indonesian telecom company. In his first acting experience in Merantau, Uwais played the role of a young Minang (West-Sumatran), which led him to learn the Minang style of silat harimau (tiger style) from Master Edwel Datuk Rajo Gampo Alam. Merantau was released in Indonesia on 6 August 2009. The film was featured in Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival in South Korea and Fantastic Fest in Austin, Texas with highly positive reviews. Merantau won the Best Film award at ActionFest 2010. Uwais's second collaboration with Gareth Evans was The Raid (known as The Raid: Redemption in the United States), which began filming in mid-March 2011 and was released in mid-2012. The movie has been hailed by critics and audiences in various festivals as one of the best martial art movies in years. Uwais collaborated on a third movie with Evans, The Raid 2. Uwais also appeared briefly in Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015), alongside The Raid 2 co-star Yayan Ruhian. In 2016, he appeared in the martial arts film Headshot, which received generally positive reviews. In 2017, he filmed the international martial arts film Triple Threat, together with Tony Jaa, Michael Jai White, Tiger Chen, and Scott Adkins—the film was released in early 2019. In 2018, Uwais starred in the films, Mile 22 and The Night Comes for Us. In the same year, it was announced that Uwais was cast in the lead role of Kai Jin on the Netflix series, Wu Assassins. The series premiered on 8 August 2019. Uwais reprised his role in the sequel film, Fistful of Vengeance. It was released on 17 February 2022 to mixed reviews. In 2019, Uwais starred in the action comedy film Stuber alongside Kumail Nanjiani and Dave Bautista. In the same year, it was announced that Uwais will appear in a film called China Town Express playing a man who must fight through the gangland of New York to save his family after the disappearance of his son during a gang's killing spree. Uwais is also attached to star in The Bellhop, one of the first five films in development by Balboa Productions, the new production company co-founded by Sylvester Stallone in 2018. Uwais played Hard Master in Snake Eyes, a spin-off from the G.I. Joe movie franchise. The film was released on 23 July 2021. He will next star in the action thriller, Chinatown Express. In October 2021, Uwais joined the cast of Expend4bles, set to be released in 2023. In May 2023, Iko Uwais was announced to star in a sci-fi thriller Ash directed by Flying Lotus alongside Aaron Paul, Eiza González, Beulah Koale, and Kate Elliott. Personal life On 25 June 2012, Uwais married singer Audy Item at the Hotel Gran Mahakam in Jakarta. The couple have two daughters, Atreya Syahla Putri Uwais and Aneska Layla Putri Uwais. Filmography Film Television series Awards and nominations See also Cinema of Indonesia Martial arts film References External links Articles Hollywood Elsewhere: Merantau – Indonesia – Directed by Gareth Evans Twitch.com: Merantau Review Pifan.com: A Sumatran Tiger Flashes His Claws: Merantau 1983 births 21st-century Indonesian male actors Action choreographers Betawi people Indonesian expatriates in the United States Indonesian male film actors Indonesian male television actors Indonesian martial artists Indonesian Muslims Indonesian stunt performers Living people Male actors from Jakarta Silat practitioners
Curtis Sylvester Lowe, Sr. (November 15, 1919 – October 29, 1993) was an American jazz saxophonist. Lowe was born in Chicago, Illinois in November 1919, and raised in Oakland, California. While he is best known professionally as a tenor and baritone saxophonist, he first learned to play soprano saxophone as a youth. He studied briefly in Alabama before deciding to take up music full-time, playing in traveling bands before the outbreak of World War II. He then enlisted in the United States Army in 1941 then transferred to the United States Navy in 1942; his unit band was full of noteworthy jazz musicians, including Vernon Alley, Wilbert Baranco, Buddy Collette, Jerome Richardson, Ernie Royal, and Marshall Royal. In the 1950s he worked extensively with Lionel Hampton and also played with Dave Brubeck, Little Esther, Johnny Otis, and Gerald Wilson; he also led his own five-piece ensemble in 1952-1953. In 1958 he began a decade-long association with Earl Hines. Lowe was active locally in the Bay Area into the 1980s and died there in October 1993 at the age of 73. References External links 1919 births 1993 deaths American jazz saxophonists American male saxophonists Jazz musicians from California American male jazz musicians Musicians from Oakland, California 20th-century American male musicians United States Navy personnel of World War II 20th-century American saxophonists
The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects is a 1961 National Book Award winner by American historian Lewis Mumford. It was first published by Harcourt, Brace & World (New York). Synopsis Mumford argues for a world not in which technology rules, but rather in which it achieves a balance with nature. His ideal vision is what can be described as an "organic city," where culture is not usurped by technological innovation but rather thrives with it. Mumford contrasts these cities with those constructed around wars, tyrants, poverty, etc. However, the book is not an attack on the city, but rather an evaluation of its growth, how it came to be, and where it is heading, as evidenced by the final chapter "Retrospect and Prospect." Mumford notes apologetically in his preface that his "method demands personal experience and observation," and that therefore he has "confined [him]self as far as possible to cities and regions [he is] acquainted with at first hand." Style Mumford's florid writing style is also "organic" compared to the cold, mechanical style of many history texts. Stylistically, his works are full of metaphors and similes, as well as quotations from famous novelists, giving his prose shades of poetry. He refers to such texts as Great Expectations and Hard Times, sometimes using citations to illustrate to the reader what life was like during the industrial era and the city in which Dickens lived. Articles have been written on Mumford's use of metaphors and how his works can often be read as "fiction," in the sense that they have narrative flow. That is evident in this book, in which, instead of a human protagonist on which the story centers, we have the city and its growth in a quasi-bildungsroman fashion. Editions Hardcover, MJF Books (August 1997) Paperback, Harvest Books (October 1968) References 1961 non-fiction books Books about urbanism Books by Lewis Mumford History books about cities
Sad Girl is the second solo album by alternative country musician Amy Allison. It was released on September 25, 2001 on Diesel Only Records in the United States, following its earlier release on Glitterhouse Records in Europe. It features contributions from Greg Leisz, Mike Daly (Whiskeytown), Will Rigby (dB's, Steve Earle), and Neal Casal. Reception No Depression wrote that the album's 12 songs "exhibit a directness of expression, a simple universality clearly achieved with considerable composing and life experience." A more mixed review in the New York Post criticized Allison's voice on the album as "a stuffed nasal style that makes every song sound like she should see a doctor." Track listing Listless and Lonesome One Thing in Mind Sad Girl Everybody Thinks You're an Angel It's Not Wrong Family Shadow of a Man Sad State of Affairs Where Did You Go? Lost on You Do I Miss You? New Year's Eve References 2001 albums Amy Allison albums Diesel Only Records albums
Naphat Thamrongsupakorn (; born 16 November 1987), is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a striker for Thai League 3 club Samutsongkhram. International career In March 2012, Napat debut for Thailand in a friendly match against Bhutan. International International goals References External links Profile at Goal 1987 births Living people Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Men's association football forwards Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Naphat Thamrongsupakorn Naphat Thamrongsupakorn
Night's Black Agents is a 1947 collection of fantasy and horror short stories by Fritz Leiber. Night's Black Agents may also refer to: Night's Black Agents (Doctor Who audio), a 2010 audiobook based on the British science fiction television series Night's Black Agents (role-playing game), a 2012 vampire spy thriller game
Ariel Sands is the pseudonymous author of the sadomasochistic novel Never the Face. She is also said to be an internationally known writer of non-fiction under another name. Her true identity is not publicly known. Never the Face Never the Face describes a sadomasochistic relationship between a man, David, and the book's narrator, a woman identified only as "Kitten" or "Bitch". In the novel, David trains Kitten to be the submissive partner in a sexual relationship that includes bondage, orgasm control and beating her with a variety of implements. What begins as a consensual relationship spirals into increasing physical and emotional abuse. The book contains explicit sexual imagery that has been described as "brutal". It was published in April 2011 by St Martin's Press. Identity To date the chief clues to Sands' identity are in an interview she gave to Claire Messud for Guernica magazine. According to Messud, who met Sands in person in Berlin in May 2011, "under another name, Ariel Sands is an internationally known and highly respected writer of nonfiction." (She does not specify whether this other name is a real name or also a pseudonym.) Sands is "slight and elegant" but with "a commanding presence: in her professional capacity, she is accustomed to speaking before crowds." Both her fiction and non-fiction writing, as well as her speech, are characterized by "acerbic wit", "erudition" and "concision". Her "demeanor is formal, sometimes clipped; but she has a ready, throaty laugh". She is "feminist by her own admission" and a "female success story" despite the "obsessive submissiveness" of her novel's protagonist. She is "on the cusp of forty". The interview does not mention her nationality. Her publisher's website describes her only as a "bestelling author". Reasons for pseudonymity In her interview with Messud, Sands says that she chose a pseudonym to avoid "genre confusion" with her non-fiction writing, and so that the text "would be taken on its own terms", rather than influenced by what readers already knew about the author. Influences Books that Sands mentions as influencing hers include Story of O, Venus in Furs, Moby-Dick, The Man of Feeling, and The Emigrants. References External links Review at The Story's Story BDSM writers 21st-century women writers English-language writers Pseudonymous women writers Women erotica writers 21st-century pseudonymous writers
JDS Fuyushio (SS-524) was the second . She was commissioned on 17 September 1963. Construction and career Fuyushio was laid down at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Kobe Shipyard on 6 December 1961 and launched on 14 December 1962. She was commissioned on 17 September 1963. On 1 February 1965, the 1st Submarine was reorganized into the 1st Submarine Group, which was newly formed under the Self-Defense Fleet. From 8 June to 23 August 1965, she deployed to Hawaii to participate dispatch training with . On 23 March 1979, the 1st Submarine was abolished and became a ship under the direct control of the 1st Submarine Group. The vessel was removed from the naval register on 10 June 1980. Citations External links 1962 ships Natsushio-class submarines Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Skjeggestad Bridge () is the name of two parallel highway bridges on European route E18 in Holmestrand municipality, Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. On 2 February 2015 the southbound bridge partially collapsed. No one was injured and both bridges were closed after collapse. The collapse was caused by a landslide in the quick clay surrounding a support pillar. The southbound lane was fully destroyed in controlled explosive demolitions on 21 February and 25 March 2015. The northbound lane was repaired and reopened to two-way traffic on 26 June 2015. The southbound lane was partially reopened on 1 July and fully operational on 4 July 2016, 17 months after the collapse. See also List of bridges in Norway List of bridges in Norway by length References Road bridges in Vestfold og Telemark Holmestrand 2001 establishments in Norway Bridges completed in 2001
Bebe Nanaki (, ; ), alternative spelt as Bibi Nanaki, was the elder sister of Guru Nanak, the founder and first Guru of Sikhism. Nanaki is an important figure in Sikhism, and is known as the first Gursikh. She was the first to realize her brother's 'philosophical inclination', and is credited for inspiring his use of music as an instrument of devotion to God. Biography Early life Nanaki and her brother were the children of Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta. She was born in 1464 in the city of Chahal, present-day Pakistan, she was named by her grandparents, who named her Nanaki after the word Nanakian, roughly meaning "the home of your maternal grandparents". Bebe and Ji are added to her name as a sign of respect. Bebe is used to pay regard to an older woman and Ji given to anyone whom you want to show your respects regardless of age. Marriage Bebe Nanaki got married at an early age of 11. In those days it was customary to be married at such a young age.In 1475 Nanaki married Jai Ram, a Palta Khatri employed at a modikhana, a storehouse for revenues collected in non-cash form, in the service of the Delhi Sultanate's Lahore governor Daulat Khan. Jai Ram's father, Parmanand, had been the patwari at Sultanpur Lodhi. Jai Ram's father had died when he was young, so he took over his father's responsibilities as patwari. Jai Ram helped Nanak get a job at this modikhana in Sultanpur. Nanaki and her husband Jai Ram would produce no biological children of their own. Brother and sister Bebe Nanaki had an immense adoration for her brother and was the first to recognize his "enlightened soul". She was five years older but played the role of a mother to him. She not only protected him from their father but she loved him unconditionally. Guru Nanak was sent to live with Nanaki when he was only 15 years old. To instill his independence, she searched for a wife for him. Bebe Nanaki along with her husband found a woman, Sulakhni Chona, for Nanak to marry. Since Bebe Nanaki had no children of her own she loved and helped raise her brother's children, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand. Bebe Nanaki is known as being Guru Nanak’s first follower. She was eternally devoted to him and his cause. She is also known for inspiring Nanak in using music as an instrument of devotion to God. Knowing he had musical talent she bought him a Rebab to help him further his music. She is said to have been very fond of Nanak and Sulakhni's two sons, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Das. Death Bebe Nanaki died in 1518 at Sultanpur. As one of her last wishes she willed her brother, Guru Nanak, to be by her side during her last days. Her last breaths were enlightened with the Japji Sahib which was recited to her. Three days after her death, her spouse, Jai Ram, also died. Their funeral rites were carried out by Guru Nanak. Notes References Bibliography Nanaki, Bebe Nanaki, Bebe Nanaki, Bebe Indian Sikhs Family members of the Sikh gurus 15th-century Indian people Indian women religious leaders People from Kasur District 16th-century Indian people 16th-century Indian women 15th-century Indian women Scholars from Punjab, India Women educators from Punjab, India Educators from Punjab, India Women mystics 15th-century educators
Rassvet () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Medvedevskoye Rural Settlement, Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 65 as of 2010. Geography Rassvet is located 48 km east of Ilovlya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Medvedev is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Ilovlinsky District
Friedel Freiherr von Wangenheim (May 11, 1939 – April 6, 2001) was a German songwriter, playwright, and actor. Life Friedel von Wangenheim came from a family of famous German stage actors. His grandfather was Eduard von Winterstein, his parents Inge and Gustav von Wangenheim. Friedel von Wangenheim himself was married in a second marriage to the actress Renate Reinecke. In the GDR Wangenheim worked as a playwright for the Friedrichstadt-Palast and wrote chansons for the men's vocal quartet Die Mimosen. His last work was Claire Waldoff. Stations of a cabaret career, which was performed in 2000 at the Charlottenburger Theater Tribune with Angelika Mann in the role of Claire Waldoff. He also appeared as an actor (for example, at the current Eduard-von-Winterstein-Theater in Annaberg-Buchholz, which his grandfather opened in 1897 as Egmont), including 1999 in the lead role of Rosa von Praunheim's feature film The Einstein of Sex whose screenplay he co-authored. In the same year, the detective novel Kamera läuft, Herr Kommissar was released, whom he had written under the pseudonym "vW" together with Jan Eik. Death On April 6, 2001, Friedel von Wangenheim took his own life. eight years to the day of his mother's death. He is buried in the cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder communities. The tomb is located in the abbot CU2. References External links https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/schauspieler-d-portr%C3%A4t-in-der-rolle-des-magnus-hirschfeld-news-photo/883346124#/schauspieler-d-portrt-in-der-rolle-des-magnus-hirschfeld-in-dem-film-picture-id883346124 1939 births 2001 deaths German male songwriters 20th-century German dramatists and playwrights 21st-century German dramatists and playwrights 20th-century German male actors 21st-century German male actors Burials at the Dorotheenstadt Cemetery 2001 suicides Suicides in Germany
"Temptation Waits" is a 1999 song performed by the band Garbage and is featured in their second studio album Version 2.0 as the opening song. "Temptation Waits" was not released as an international single, but was released as an airplay-only sixth single in Spain to mark the year-long chart run of Version 2.0 on the Spanish album charts and to mark its certification of the European Platinum Award by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry for 1 million sales of Version 2.0 across Europe. In North America, "Temptation Waits" was licensed to TV's Angel, Dawson's Creek, The Sopranos and Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and was included on the 1999 tie-in Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Album. Recording and Production Garbage began writing their second album, which would go under the working title of Sad Alcoholic Clowns, in March 1997 in the band's label-head Jerry Moss's Friday Harbor, Washington, vacation house. The group demoed and made rough outlines for new songs, of which "Temptation", was one of. When they felt they had made a good start, Garbage took the work they made in Washington back to their Madison, Wisconsin base at Smart Studios and begin fleshing out the ideas and rough sketches over the following year. Garbage intended their second album to build upon the framework, music style and musical template laid down by their first release; to create a rapprochement between the "high-tech and low-down, the now sound and of golden memories" and wear musical references to the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s: the production of "Temptation" nodded towards Isaac Hayes and Donna Summer's disco period; Garbage recorded all of their work for the second album through a 48-track digital system digitally, direct to hard drives utilizing a 24bit Pro Tools rig. Much of the percussion was recorded in a disused candy factory located in Madison; Butch Vig, Marker and sound engineer Billy Bush set up a drum kit within the factory and recorded various fills, utilising the acoustics of the dilapidated building. Forced to stop after local police officers responded to complaints about the noise, some of the percussion was later incorporated into "Temptation Waits" (and also found its way into "I Think I'm Paranoid" and "Hammering in My Head"). The guitars would typically be run through either a filter or a wah wah pedal, and then gated off a sixteenth-note pulse to create a keyboard-like effect. Instead of using synth bass, Garbage had Daniel Shulman perform electric bass on "Temptation", mixed in with sub-bass. The band had wanted to use a theremin to create the whistle-like melodic line on the outro, and had hired one for use at the studio. The band couldn't perform the instrument well, and so utilized a sound created by an analog modeling synthesizer instead. Garbage completed recording, producing and mixing of their second album in mid-February 1998, and the album was given the title Version 2.0. "Temptation", which had by now been finalized as "Temptation Waits", was tracklisted as the album's opening song. Version 2.0 was released worldwide on May 11 of that year; despite a slow start, Version 2.0 went on to equal its predecessor, selling over four million copies and achieving platinum-certification in many territories, including United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Europe and Australia. Live performances "Temptation Waits" was performed at almost every show on the Version 2.0 tour; where it began as a mid-set inclusion before being promoted to open each show. Once established as the setlist opener, "Temptation Waits" was intro-taped by a recording of a section of the 4th Movement of Mahler's "Symphony No. 5", famously used in the climax scene of the 1971 movie Death in Venice. During the last leg of the tour in 1999, it was replaced as opener by "#1 Crush" and moved back into the mid-set, and led into by a sample of voice-over dialogue from the trailer to the 1965 exploitation film Bad Girls Go to Hell. "Temptation Waits" was initially absent from the BeautifulGarbage tour set-list, but returned to the band's live set in mid-2002 where it remained a common feature of the band's show until the end of that year. "Temptation Waits" was not performed again until 2012, when it once again became a regular in the setlist. A live version of "Temptation Waits" recorded at the Roskilde Festival, Denmark in June 1998 was included on the repackaged Version 2.0 Special Live Edition, released by Mushroom Records the following year. Critical reception "Temptation Waits" received a mostly positive reception from music critics around the time of Version 2.0s release. Billboard journalist Bradley Bambarger wrote that the song's "slice of predatory swagger opens the album in fine style, with an '80s pop sound a la Psychedelic Furs updated with aplomb" and added that the song showed the band was "burgeoning [with] songwriting prowess". David Stubbs of Uncut wrote, "With its whiplash backbeat and matt black exteriors, ["Temptation..."] sets the tone – like some PVC panther, Shirley Manson establishes the character she maintains throughout the album, taunting, sensual, predatory, desperate, self-loathing, nasty". In a review for MTV Online, Alexandra Flood wrote: "It's a rock/disco anthem about obsessive love. Continuous changing movements make it not only good, but also interesting. "Temptation Waits" is in itself a wolf in sheep's clothing. It comes on subdued at first, but opens up into a memorable, downright danceable, single-bound song." Peter Murphy of Hot Press compared the song's "claustrophobic meshes of flesh and technology" thematic to the protagonist of Shinya Tsukamoto’s 1989 cyberpunk film Tetsuo. Release history Comprehensive charts References External links "Temptation Waits" lyrics "Temptation Waits" release discography 1999 singles Garbage (band) songs Song recordings produced by Butch Vig 1998 songs Mushroom Records singles Songs written by Shirley Manson Songs written by Duke Erikson Songs written by Steve Marker Songs written by Butch Vig
Azes II (Greek: , epigraphically ; Kharosthi: , ), may have been the last Indo-Scythian king, speculated to have reigned circa 35–12 BCE, in the northern Indian subcontinent (modern day Pakistan). His existence has been questioned; if he did not exist, artefacts attributed to his reign, such as coins, are likely to be those of Azes I. After the death of Azes II, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India and Pakistan finally crumbled with the conquest of the Kushans, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and who were then expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire. Soon after, the Parthians invaded from the west. Their leader Gondophares temporarily displaced the Kushans and founded the Indo-Parthian Kingdom that was to last until the middle of the 1st century CE. The Kushans ultimately regained northwestern India circa 75 CE, where they were to prosper for several centuries. Name Azes's name is attested on his coins in the Greek form () and the Kharosthi form (), which are both derived from the Saka name , meaning "leader". Buddhist dedications Bimaran casket Azes II is also connected to the Bimaran casket, one of the earliest representations of the Buddha. The casket was part of the deposit of Stupa 2 in Bimaran, near Jalalabad in Afghanistan, and placed inside the stupa with several coins of Azes II. This event may have happened during the reign of Azes (35–12 BCE), or slightly later. The Indo-Scythians are otherwise connected with Buddhism (see Mathura lion capital and the multiple Buddhist dedications of the Apracas), and it is indeed possible they would have commended the work. However it now thought that a later king, issuing coins in the name of Azes, such as Kharahostes, made the dedication. Butkara stupa A coin of Azes II was found under a pillar with an Indo-Corinthian capital and sculpture of a Buddhist devotee in the Butkara Stupa, suggesting the involvement of Azes II in Buddhist dedications, and a datation for the sculpture corresponding to the reign of Azes II. Coinage Coins attributed to Azes II use Greek and Kharoshti inscriptions, depict a Greek goddess as his protector, and thereby essentially follow the numismatic model of the Greek kings of the Indo-Greek kingdom, suggesting a high willingness to accommodate Greek culture. A novel difference of the Indo-Scythians was to show the king on a horse, rather than his bust in profile as did the Greeks. Other coins of Azes depict the Buddhist lion and the Brahmanic cow of Shiva, suggesting religious tolerance towards his subjects. In the coin depicted to the left Azes is depicted with the inscriptions: Obv: King with coat of mail, on horse, holding a sceptre, with Greek royal headband. Greek legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΖΟΥ "The Great King of Kings Azes". Rev: Athena with shield and lance, making a hand gesture identical to the Buddhist vitarka mudra. Kharoshti legend MAHARAJASA RAJADIRAJASA MAHATASA AYASA "The Great King of Kings Azes", with the Buddhist triratna symbol in the left field. Azes II was long believed to have issued several of the Indo-Scythian coins struck under the name Azes in northern India. All these coins were however likely issued by a single ruler named Azes, as suggested by Robert Senior, when he found an overstrike of a coin attributed to Azes I over a coin attributed to Azes II, suggesting that all the "Azes II" coins were not later than those of "Azes I" and that there was only one king in the dynasty named Azes. This idea had long been advocated by Senior with a number of indirect numismatic arguments, for instance in his encyclopaedia of Indo-Scythian coins. Coin gallery See also Ahir Ancient India and Central Asia Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Indo-Greek Kingdom Indo-Parthian Kingdom Kushan Empire Tillia tepe Yuezhi Footnotes References The Shape of Ancient Thought. Comparative studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies by Thomas McEvilley (Allworth Press and the School of Visual Arts, 2002) The Greeks in Bactria and India, W. W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press. External links Coins of Azes II Coins of Azes II on wildwinds.com Indo-Scythian kings 12 BC deaths 1st-century BC Iranian monarchs Year of birth unknown 1st-century BC Iranian people
Ruth Imogen Stout (June 14, 1884 – August 22, 1980) was an American author best known for her "No-Work" gardening books and techniques. Early and mid-life Ruth Imogen Stout was born June 14, 1884, in Girard, Kansas, the fifth child of Quaker parents John Wallace Stout and Lucetta Elizabeth Todhunter Stout. Her younger brother Rex Stout, also an author, was famous for the Nero Wolfe detective stories. She later claimed to accompany Carrie A. Nation in a 'joint hatchetation' where the saloon was smashed up as a protest against public sale of alcohol. Nation was arrested, but Ruth Stout, a 16 year old was not, though doing more damage. Later, on March 9, 1965, she went on I've Got a Secret to elaborate on the account. Stout moved to New York when she was 18 and was employed at various times as a baby nurse, a bookkeeper, a secretary, a business manager, and a factory worker. She was a lecturer and coordinated lectures and debates, and she owned a small tea shop in Greenwich Village and worked for a fake mind-reading act. In 1923, she accompanied fellow Quakers to Russia to assist in famine relief. She married Fred Rossiter in June 1929 at age 45. Rossiter, the son of an American businessman, was born in Germany in 1882. His family relocated to New York City in 1894. In March 1930, the couple moved to a farm in Poverty Hollow, Redding Ridge, on the outskirts of Redding, Connecticut. Rossiter, a Columbia-trained psychologist, followed his passion for wood turning and subsequently became known for his wooden bowls. Stout decided to try her luck at gardening, and in the spring of 1930, she planted her first garden. Roots of the no-work method During her first year of gardening and for many years after, Ruth employed conventional techniques and practices in her garden with mixed results. She had to wait for someone else to come and plow the fields before she could start. This gentleman was frequently late or delays would occur due to mechanical failures. Wasted time lessened the already short growing season and tried her patience. Furthermore, the manual labor involved in planting a traditional garden became more than she could handle by herself. In the spring of 1944, after following the advice of other gardeners who used commercial fertilizers, "poisonous sprays" and plowing for fifteen years, Stout decided that she wasn't going to wait for the plowman, nor was she going to plow on her own. Instead she planted the seeds and covered them, waiting to see what would happen, and discovered surprising success. The Stout system Stout claimed that to be successful her system required a thick mulch of at least 8 inches. She suggests that if starting a new garden in poor soil it is beneficial to plow manure in the first year and then proceed with the mulch, which is to be left on the garden year-round. After the first year, plowing is no longer needed and compost piles are not necessary either - the "compost pile" is maintained in place in the seed beds and garden paths. Mulching material is a combination of what ever one can find at hand, similar to the same materials that one might find in a compost heap. Later life As the years progressed, Stout refined her techniques, eventually adopting a year-round mulch which virtually eliminated the labor associated with traditional gardening. Her minimalist approach spawned a long-running series of articles in Organic Gardening and Farming magazine as well as several books. Stout wrote under her maiden name but had changed her legal name to Rossiter after getting married. Her husband, Fred, died on November 24, 1960, after an extended illness. Her sister, Mary, who also lived at Poverty Hollow for over 40 years, died on August 20, 1977, at 88. Works Stout, R. (1955). How to have a Green Thumb without an Aching Back: A New Method of Mulch Gardening. New York: Exposition Press, 1955, Stout, R. (1958). Company Coming: Six Decades of Hospitality, Do-It-Yourself and Otherwise. New York: Exposition Press, Reprinted by Norton Creek Press, 2012, Stout, R. (1960). It's a Woman's World. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday & Co.,Inc. Stout, R. (1962). If You Would Be Happy. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday & Co.,Inc. Reprinted by Norton Creek Press, 2016, Stout, R. (1963). Gardening Without Work: For the Aging, the Busy & the Indolent. New York: The Devin-Adair Company, Reprinted by Norton Creek Press, 2011, Stout, R. & Clemence, R. (1971). The Ruth Stout No-Work Garden Book: Secrets of the year-round mulch method. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press. Stout, R. (1975). As We Remember Mother. New York: Exposition Press. Stout, R. (1975). I've Always Done It My Way. New York: Exposition Press. Stout, R. Don't Forget to Smile: How to Stay Sane and Fit Over Ninety. References External links Ruth Stout's System for Gardening (from Mother Earth News -- March 2004) Ruth Stout And Permanent Hay Mulch (Mother Earth News, February/March 1999) Stout's No-Work Gardening Method Works (Mother Earth News, Aug./Sept. 2008) Ruth Stout's Garden No Plow Procedure (Youtube) 1884 births 1980 deaths 20th-century American non-fiction writers 20th-century American women writers American garden writers American horticulturists American women non-fiction writers Organic gardeners People from Girard, Kansas People from Redding, Connecticut Permaculturalists Rex Stout Writers from Kansas
Pinoy Big Brother: All In is the fifth main season of the Philippine ABS-CBN reality television series Pinoy Big Brother and the eleventh season overall. This was also the first season of the Big Brother franchise from the world to feature adult civilians, teenagers and celebrities taking part in the same season. Due to the mixed contestant types this season is referred to as a "Special Edition". Toni Gonzaga, Bianca Gonzalez, Robi Domingo, and John Prats reprised their roles as hosts, while Alex Gonzaga joins the show initially as a host but served as one of the longest-reigning houseguests. The show aired on April 27, 2014, on ABS-CBN, replacing The Biggest Loser Pinoy Edition: Doubles. The show aired 10:15 p.m. (PST) every Mondays to Fridays; 9:30 p.m. (PST) every Saturdays; and 9:45 p.m. (PST) every Sundays. Nineteen housemates had entered the house, 17 on Day 1, and two on Days 21 and 49, and the season lasted 120 days, ending on August 24, 2014. Daniel Matsunaga emerged as the season's winner, the third celebrity to win in the franchise. Development Lauren Dyogi, the Director and Business Unit Head of the show, confirmed the show was renewed for a fifth season and audition schedules were soon to be announced. The network officially announced the auditions on September 15, 2013, during an episode in The Voice of the Philippines. The official air date was not revealed in the announcement. Promotion In April 2014, promotional teasers were aired. The first teaser was an audition video of Kim Chiu, the franchise's first teen winner. Another teaser was aired about the love story of Melai Cantiveros and Jason Francisco who became lovers inside the show and were now married. A grand mini reunion, attended by some of the former housemates of the Regular, Celebrity and Teen Seasons and hosts of the show, was also held at ASAP 19 on April 20. Scheduling In an interview aired February 10, 2014, on Banana Nite, Toni Gonzaga confirmed that the show will return in March 2014. It was later moved on April 27, 2014. The show will occupy the vacated timeslot of The Biggest Loser Pinoy Edition: Doubles. The show's companion show, Pinoy Big Brother: All In Über, will be aired weekdays as part of the Kapamilya Gold block. As part of the franchise, this season introduced an online companion show. An online discussion called "Twitter Hangout" on Twitter every Thursdays, starting on March 27, 2014, was also introduced. Every Thursday night in the online Twitter discussion, Business Unit head of the franchise Lauren Dyogi, the hosts, and former housemates will answer the questions of the netizens. Kick-off On April 27, 2014, the show introduced two housemates in ASAP 19 and three housemates in Buzz ng Bayan, which were both ahead of Pinoy Big Brother's timeslot. The rest of the housemates were introduced in the show itself later that night. Hosts On November 6, 2013, Toni Gonzaga was officially confirmed to return as the main host of the show. Also, according to Lauren Dyogi, both Bianca Gonzalez and Robi Domingo were expected to return to co-host the show. In late March 2014, John Prats was confirmed to return and reprise his previous hosting duties. In the season's grand press conference held on April 23, it was announced that Gonzaga will reprise her hosting stints just like in the previous seasons. On the other hand, Domingo will be the segment host of Pinoy Big Brother Update, which will air every afternoons and evenings, and will be joining Prats, and Gonzalez on Pinoy Big Brother: All In Über. Gonzalez, Domingo, and Prats will also join Gonzaga during eviction nights. Alex Gonzaga was also confirmed to join the show as one of the new hosts. Aside from the main hosts, Slater Young, together with Joj and Jai will take the helm of Pinoy Big Brother: All In Übertime, an online late-night show. Mariel Rodriguez was also rumored to return as host, after being absent for two consecutive seasons. This was later debunked by the hosts during the grand press conference. Auditions Initially the auditions for the fifth season were to be held on October 6, 2013, at the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City as part of the network's 60th anniversary celebration. However, the said auditions venue was postponed due to security and logistical issues. On November 30, 2013, it was announced that, for the first time in the franchise, there would be online auditions through one-minute video submissions. Online auditions ran from December 1, 2013, until January 15, 2014. On March 27, Dyogi announced that 33,064 people auditioned, of which 11,265 were online auditions. Due to casting problems, a special audition was held in Smart Araneta Coliseum on April 15, 2014, where 11,000 people auditioned. A special online audition was opened on the same day and ended by midnight. Overall, a total of more than 44 thousand people auditioned for this season. The following were the audition schedules of Pinoy Big Brother: All In: Overview House The house layout for this season remained unchanged since Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Edition 4, except for the decors which was inspired by the Amaia Land brand of Ayala Land. It is decorated with neo-modern style with light pastel colors. The season also retained the house's pool. On Day 14, Big Brother revealed the picnic area, the refurbished activity area used in the previous seasons. This is the second consecutive season not to use a second house. Twists All In — As part of the season's twist, the show will have a mix of teen, adult, and celebrity housemates; a first in the show and in the entire Big Brother franchise. Vote to Nominate (BBN) — The public is given a chance to nominate a housemate for eviction. This was implemented in the first two nomination nights. Immunity Challenges - Several challenges were held in the house which granted immunity from being nominated to the winner. This was only held during the third nomination night. Insta Save — All nominated housemates will have the chance to remove themselves from being nominated if ever they have finished a task or won a challenge the fastest. This was only held during the 4th, 6th and 10th Nomination Nights. Various Nominations – Various nomination processes were implemented as per Big Brother. See Nomination history for details. Nomination Challenges – Nominations are solely based on various series of challenges. The list of nominees will consist of housemates who failed various series of challenges. Overnight Voting - In some eviction nights, people will only be given 24 hours to vote for their favorite housemate. SE Voting System — Carried over from previous seasons, the public is given the chance to vote to save or evict a housemate. The housemate with the lowest net votes, Save and Evict votes combined, is evicted. This system was implemented for the last the two weeks leading to the Big Night. Power of One — For the Big Night, the public may only vote once per day per mobile phone number. Prizes The Big Winner will receive an Asian tour for two, a brand new 30 square-meter condominium unit at the Amaia Steps Novaliches in Brgy. Novaliches, Quezon City, two business franchises and ₱1,000,000. The second, third and fourth placers will receive ₱500,000, ₱300,000 and₱,200 000,respectively. Everyone will receive their own entertainment package from Sony. Housemates A total of 229 individuals were shortlisted for this season, of which 22 were presented to the management of the show for the final casting. From the 229 shortlisted, 11 came from the Davao auditions, 22 from the Cebu auditions, 138 from the Manila auditions, 22 from online auditions, and 3 were referrals. Due to casting problems, a special audition was held in Smart Araneta Coliseum on April 15, 2014, where 11,000 people auditioned. A special online audition was also opened on the same day and ended by midnight. Overall, a total of more than 44 thousand people auditioned for this season. On April 25, Dyogi shared that there will be 18 housemates for this season. Two housemates were first revealed on ASAP 19, while three housemates were revealed on Buzz ng Bayan. The remaining 12 housemates were revealed during the kick-off, plus the surprise inclusion of actress Alex Gonzaga. Note Houseguests Similar to the franchise's previous seasons, Big Brother invited guests to his house for special purposes. One notable was Alex Gonzaga who was first introduced as a housemate. Her true status was revealed on Day 7 when Big Brother confirmed that she was only a houseguest. She is by far the second longest tenured houseguest, behind Mariel Rodriguez whose tenure inside the house lasted for 73 days. She exited on Day 49. Nineteenth housemate, Cheridel Alejandrino, was introduced as a houseguest after the departure of Alex Gonzaga during day 49 until day 69. Other houseguests were Bea Alonzo and Paulo Avelino, Daniel Padilla and Kathryn Bernardo, John Prats and Robi Domingo, Pokwang and Zanjoe Marudo, Sandara Park, Vice Ganda, Piolo Pascual, Jason Abalos, Jeron Teng, Enchong Dee, Erich Gonzales, Jason Gainza, Cathy Garcia-Molina, Judy Ann Santos, Tirso Cruz III, Gerald Anderson, Angelica Panganiban, Bianca Gonzalez, Herbert Bautista, Kris Aquino and Korina Sanchez. Previous winners of the franchise also visited the house: Kim Chiu, Keanna Reeves, Slater Young, Myrtle Sarrosa, and James Reid. Chronology of events This is a summary of events that happened inside the House, including the housemates' tasks, nominations, evictions, and other important events. in this case, April 27, 2014, is designated as Day 1. Week 1 The first eighteen housemates were introduced in three different programs. Axel and Jane were introduced during ASAP 19, while Cess, Nichole, and Chevin were introduced in Buzz ng Bayan. The remaining thirteen housemates were introduced in the pilot show, including the unexpected eighteenth housemate, Alex. All housemates were welcomed through a pool party, after which, they were allowed to tour the house. They got their luggages at the storage room. Alex's luggage contained only a pair of underwear inside. The following day, Big Brother gave them their first weekly task, "Hating Kapatid", wherein they have to divide among themselves equally the household chores, the food, and the shower time, among other things. They were only given five mistakes to do the task. Hours after Big Brother gave the weekly task, the housemates had already made two mistakes: one for not equally sharing their lunch and another for the chips they ate. The following evening, Big Brother tasked Jacob to look for one housemate whom he thinks needs singing lessons. He picked Manolo. If Jacob can teach Manolo sing, he and the other housemates will share Japanese food for lunch in his upcoming birthday. He was also instructed to sing a song with Manolo. They sang Sunday Morning in the morning of Day 4 as a wake-up call. Fourth and Fifth updated Big Brother the next day on their secret task. In the evening, the housemates were called to the living room to unlock a padlocked chest. Inside it are pictures and gifts from their respective siblings. They later shared who their siblings are and how important they are to them. Afterwards, Fourth and Fifth continued their investigation. On Day 5, Big Brother gave Fourth, Jayme, and Ranty a special task that is related to Labor Day. Each of them had to teach one housemate some skills from their respective professions. Afterwards, as part of the Hating Kapatid weekly task, each housemate has to hold a tray of 18 glasses for ten minutes. They were only given three times to make mistakes. Maris, Loisa, and Cess all failed this task, therefore a pie was removed from the screen. Big Brother told all the housemates in the confession room the next day that the remaining two pies will be removed from the screen in order for them to watch out for the mistakes they will incur. Later that day, Aina was tasked to choreograph a new dance routine using the modified "Pinoy Ako" theme song. The dance routine, which was part of the weekly task, was performed in the evening of Day 7 during the live show. Big Brother announced that only one piece of pie was left and that for the first part of their weekly task, they were successful. However, he announced that the second part of the weekly task was actually Fourth and Fifth's special task. The twins said in front of the other housemates that they suspect Jayme and Maris as siblings. Big Brother announced that other than the twins, there are no other siblings inside the house. Therefore, he declared the whole task as a failure. Afterwards, Big Brother called Alex to the confession room and told her that she is not an official housemate but only a houseguest. Week 2 The housemates receive their second weekly task, #SELFIEMATES, where their goal is to take 3,000 selfies of themselves under rules set by Big Brother. All selfies shall be taken by using a big hand that can hold a smartphone. The roulette shall determine how many housemates or who among them shall be included in the selfie. All selfies should only be taken on the stage and with the hand, but Michele initially disregarded this rule saying that it is easier to make selfies with few people without using the hand. However, since all selfies should be taken by using the hand, all selfies taken without it will not be counted. During lunch on Day 9, Axel, along with other male housemates were about to prepare some chips to be included in the meals due to the whole group's lack of food situation. However, Michele reprimanded Axel's group not to eat those chips in order to save food; Alex seconded Michele's idea. When Axel was about to stand up from the dining table, Alex began asking others to eat the chips, which made err of Axel of being left out and stopped of his cravings. Axel immediately walked out while Alex and others continued eating the chips. Later at the pool, Axel shared his emotions to other housemates. A series of talks with Big Brother followed leading to confrontations of Axel and Alex, and of Axel and Michele. Both female housemates later asked their apologies to Axel. Meanwhile, Alex picked Fifth to become her co-host in her talk show. In relation to the talk show, Alex asked Fifth on what topic they should make as headline. Fifth responded that they should talk about the issue about the chips. Alex asked details on who were involved in the said issue and asked for clarifications if she was involved. Fifth suggested that she should ask the other housemates instead. On Day 10, Alex and Fifth started their talk show. Nichole, the first housemate they interviewed, shared how close she was to her mother, Phoemela Baranda. Later that day, Alex and Michele were told of Nichole's picture showing her middle finger, and talked to her about it. Big Brother let her realize that she should not take photos of herself that may be offensive to others. Big Brother introduced two twists in taking selfies. On Day 11, a dice will be tossed after spinning the roulette. The face on top will determine what the housemates will wear for the selfie; a "Free" face allows them to wear anything. Big Brother called Nichole, Aina, Axel, Alex, and Chevin to the confession room for lapel violations and sleeping after the wake-up call. As punishment, he declared all selfies taken before his announcement will not be counted, and the five housemates will only be the ones to continue their weekly task for that day. If one of them steps down from the platform, all selfies taken for the day will not be counted. on Day 12, the roulette was removed since all housemates will be included in the selfies from this day. A colored ball to be drawn from a box will indicate the platform that all housemates will stand on when taking selfies. Later that day, Big Brother declared their weekly task a success after validating 3,357 of their selfies. Big Brother informed them on Day 13 that they will participate in their first nomination later that day. Alex was also able to nominate, but nominations given to her were not included in the final tally since she was only a houseguest. Chevin and Maris were declared the two nominees that were nominated by the housemates the next evening. Loisa was the third nominee; she got the highest percentage of public votes. Week 3 In the morning of Day 15, Big Brother welcomed Gi, Fe and Teresa, the mothers of Manolo, Joshua and Vickie respectively. They were tasked first to clean the rooms of the housemates. Only the three nominees shall see the mothers and help them in their tasks. When these tasks succeed, Manolo, Joshua, and Vickie will have a chance to talk with their mothers and 50 percent of their weekly budget shall be given to them. In the evening, Big Brother informed Loisa that she will be helping Joshua's mother, who does not know how to cook, in cooking Joshua's breakfast. The following evening, Maris and Loisa were tasked by Big Brother to bring Joshua in the picnic area without being noticed by the other housemates. Unknown to Joshua, his mother was hiding behind the camera mirrors of the picnic area. At the picnic area, Big Brother asked Joshua to dance Pandango sa Ilaw. After his dance, he met his mother. Meanwhile, Manolo's and Vickie's mothers were tasked to cook the housemates' dinner for the following evening while the housemates are shooting for their webisodes in the picnic area. Chevin instructed Maris to tell the other housemates that he was in the confession room and that they are not allowed to leave the picnic area without Big Brother's instruction. Later that evening, a series of pranks was made by the boys and the girls to each other until the following day, which led to some confrontations. The next day, Big Brother talked to all the housemates in the confession room and reminded them of the law in the rulebook about cleanliness. He also told them that the teen housemates should not be following the older housemates and that all forms of jokes should have limitations. Sandara Park entered the Big Brother house on Day 19 as a celebrity houseguest during Über. Prior to this, Big Brother made unexpected changes for their weekly task. The setting of the housemates' third webisode was changed to a Koreanovela. Park, who was also a houseguest in the first Celebrity season, was amazed at the changes made to the house since then. Later, the housemates told her role in the third webisode. Park left the house the same day. The first, second, and third webisodes were uploaded on Days 17, 18, and 20 respectively. Before the eviction night on Day 21, Big brother declared that the videos accumulated 1,400,305 views, resulting in the success of their weekly task. Chevin was later evicted. Axel and Manolo were given automatic nomination after violating a rule concerning contact with the outside world during Gi's visit. Cess was also involved in the violation, but since she committed other violations, like writing secret messages, whispering, moving furniture and not wearing her lapel, hence, Big Brother forcibly evicted her from the House. Alex, who also had the same violation as Manolo and Axel's, will receive a punishment, since she is only a houseguest. Daniel Matsunaga entered the House as the third celebrity housemate and the eighteenth official housemate. Week 4 The housemates faced the second nomination round. Later that night, Aina, the publicly nominated housemate, and Michele, who topped the nomination from the housemates, completed the list of nominees. Daniel was tasked to lay on the bed floating at the center of the pool that morning and he can only stand up if the housemates were able to guess how to wake him up: all adult housemates together should kiss him. Big Brother told Daniel that he will meet every housemate one by one at the "Magic Corridor." He will give each housemate a ball with a clue to the event they will participate later that evening, which was a pool party. Big Brother announced to the teen housemates that evening that they will have a pool party, with unlimited food and dancing for all and unlimited drinks for adults only. However, teen housemates were given a curfew. After the curfew, the adult housemates started to drink. The housemates were given a new weekly task the next day, which was similar to the one given in the second season. Except for Daniel, Big Brother asked all housemates to stand first beside the weighing scale to see their initial weight upon entering the house. They will later sit down in it to know their current weight. Jacob was proclaimed as the heaviest housemate at 166 pounds. The eight housemates who weighed heavier than when they entered their house shall lose weight with the help of Daniel. At the end of the week, their weight should be at most their initial weight prior to their entry into the house. Big Brother told the eight housemates who got heavier that they shall lose at least 42 pounds. He also instructed them not to do crash diets. Big Brother announced on Day 24 that only the two housemates who lost the least weight will continue their weekly task. The process for the third nomination will also be affected. Only Loisa, whose weight did not change, and Nichole, whose weight lowered by only one pound, will continue the weekly task. The housemates will choose to support either Loisa or Nichole in their task. At the end of the week, the housemate who loses less weight and her supporters will be the only housemates to be nominated for the third nomination. Fourth, Joshua, Aina, Jayme, Axel, Vickie, Ranty, and Alex chose Loisa, while Manolo, Jacob, Vickie, Fifth, Jane, Michele, Daniel, and Maris chose Nichole. The following evening, Big Brother gave the housemates a last chance to change their teams, but none changed their teams. At the weigh-in, Nichole weighed 125.6 pounds, a loss of 1.8 percent. Loisa weighed 110.6 pounds, a loss of 2.1 percent. The following day, Big Brother declared their weekly task a success because both Nichole and Loisa lost at least 2 percent of their weight. Loisa weighed 107 pounds, a loss of 5.3 percent from 113 pounds. Nichole weighed 122.8 pounds, a loss of 4 percent from 129 pounds. Loisa's team was safe from the third nomination round. The nominated housemates, including Alex, had an open forum regarding the things they don't like about each other. At the live eviction night on Day 28, Axel was evicted. Week 5 Big Brother tasked the regular, teen, and celebrity housemates to rank another group from the most important to the least important housemate. The celebrities ranked the regulars; the teens ranked the celebrities; and the regulars ranked the teens. After the nomination night, Fourth, Michele, and Maris decided after a debate by Vickie, Manolo, and Jane that the teens were the least important group of housemates; due to this Big Brother made the teens serve as servants to the regular and celebrity housemates. They will also be the only ones to do the household chores. The BBN nomination system was temporarily stopped for the third nomination night. In the live nomination night, Jacob, Jane and Maris were declared nominees for eviction. The teens immediately started with their chores on Day 30. Vickie, Jayme, Jacob, Michele, Alex, and Aina, who committed lapel violations, were not allowed to lie down on any furniture or on the floor for 24 hours. Manolo, Vickie, and Jane were appointed leaders of the new weekly task, Lapislide, with a goal of making towers out of 15,000 sharpened pencils and rolling a ball into it so that it shoots into a small ring. Vickie decided that the teen housemates will be the first to do the task. Big Brother prohibited the housemates from using the couch after Fifth was made by Daniel to exercise on it. Jayme was prohibited from entering in the activity area that day because she wrote using one of the pencils. Fourth and Aina, who were late in entering the activity area, returned to the house; but since they sat on the couch, all housemates were not allowed to sit except for the teens. The six lapel violators were each given a wooden chair on Day 31. They can sit only on this chair and this should not be separated from their body. This punishment was later revoked. Daniel was allowed earlier by Big Brother to become a servant in order to help the teens. The sharpener was repaired as the weekly task was resumed for the regular housemates, including Ranty, who broke the handle the previous day. The celebrities took over later; then were followed by the teens. The three leaders were later given three hours to sharpen 3,000 pencils at night in order to earn more sharpeners; for accepting the task, they will also carry the responsibility to the task and only the three of them will work on it. Maris was tasked by Big Brother the following morning to count how many pencils Manolo, Vickie, and Jane had sharpened. Only less than 2,200 pencils were sharpened; thus, their task was considered a failure. However, due to the three's hardwork, Big Brother still gave them extra sharpeners. They were asked by Big Brother to whom they will pass the weekly task; they decided not to pass it to anyone and keep the responsibility to themselves. Big Brother told the teens on Day 33 that he will lift their task as servants if they will clean the picnic area within the duration of the show's theme song. The teens finished the last task and was freed their task as servants. As a reward to their hardship, Nichole received two cup noodles; while Maris and Joshua received guitars from Yeng Constantino. Instructed by Big Brother, Fifth played as Daniel Padilla visiting the house; this served as Loisa's reward. With the approval of Big Brother, Ranty, Michele, and Daniel volunteered to help Manolo, Vickie, and Jane in sharpening the pencils. The next morning, Manolo received a visit of his dog as a reward. Confrontations arose as the housemates had little time to finish the task. Five hours before the deadline on Day 34, Big Brother told the housemates that everybody can now help with the task. After the 5 remaining hours, the housemates failed to finish the weekly task. However, Big Brother gave the housemates a chance to receive 50% of the weekly budget if they will be able to shoot a ball using the towers they built; they were successful. The housemates were again tasked to do a debate, but this time through a rap battle. At the live eviction night on Day 35, Jacob, Jane, and Maris sang "Leaving on a Jet Plane", a song they dedicated to themselves. Jacob was later evicted. Week 6 Aina, Ranty, and Joshua were nominated by the housemates on Day 36. However, in a twist called Insta Save, Big Brother gave them a chance to remove themselves from the list of nominees. At the picnic area, they have to reach for a key that will unlock their prison cell while they are locked inside it. To reach the key, they need to use only the items inside each of their cells. Whoever unlocks them first will be instantly removed from the list of nominees. They were also given the chance to ask for help to the other housemates; Aina picked Alex, Joshua picked Loisa, and Ranty picked Jane. Ranty was the first to get the key, but he did not open his cell and gave way to Joshua to gain the Insta Save. Joshua was then removed from the list of nominees. On Day 37, Big Brother gave them their weekly task, Yes All We Can. The housemates should accept all challenges given to them by Big Brother and they can say "No" only for a maximum of three times. As part of the weekly task, Jane, Loisa, and Vickie allowed themselves to be tanned, which will lead into a beauty pageant later that day. It was judged by Joshua, who was also tanned by the girls. After noticing what Joshua, Jane, and Loisa were doing, Ranty and Aina were tasked to compose a song about teen love, which the regular and celebrity housemates sang. Nichole, Fourth, Maris, Jayme, and Ranty were offered a "special breakfast" on Day 38, which were actually fried frogs and silkworms. Nichole was the only one of them to say "No". Ranty later brought out of the storage room the silkworms, which everyone had eaten. Jayme was later asked if she wanted to pose as a model for a nude painting. She initially said "Yes", and chose Ranty, Michele, and Daniel to join her. But after Jayme heard his father's opinion and shared it to the other three, they all said "No". Big Brother earlier allowed the housemates to sharpen pencils, which were donated to two public schools in Quezon City. A problem arose with the cheese in the House on Day 39. As the supply of cheese was about to disappear, someone opened another bottle of cheese. Some argumentations occurred regarding this. All housemates talked in the living room the next day about two issues; resolving the cheese problem and cleanliness of the windows and the bathroom. The latter sparked an argument between Aina and Fifth after the latter became irritated of how Aina told her opinion. Alex, Fifth, and Manolo later, opened up an investigation, after which they deduced the suspects to be Jayme, Michele, and Aina. Fourth and Fifth accepted to have a time to bond with each other in the storage room; this allowed them to share their thoughts with one another. However, this caused them to get drunk. The housemates decided on Day 41 if they want Alex to exit the house. Alex herself wanted to stay inside the House, and she felt that the housemates will want her to stay. But the housemates' decision was part of the weekly task. The teens and the elderly housemates decided not to evict Alex from the house. Alex will remain in the house, but their weekly task failed. In the live eviction night on Day 42, Aina was evicted after garnering 32.47% of votes, which was less than the 67.53% of votes for Ranty. Week 7 On Day 44, each of the housemates were called in the confession room and were asked by Big Brother in who was their best friend in the house. They were given 10 seconds to bring his or her chosen housemate to the confession room. Once they are inside the confession room, they are required to wear a friendship bracelet. The bracelets were removed after all of them, except for Loisa who was sick, have removed thousands of domino bricks in the pool for 20 minutes. In the afternoon, Big Brother gave the weekly task wherein they need to create an artwork that depicts the Philippine flag and the word "Philippines" using the dominoes they collected from the "best friend task". Aired live that night, Big Brother announced the All Out twist wherein they will participate in several challenges in order to save themselves from receiving an automatic nomination. They faced their first challenge after the announcement. As advised by the show's medical team, Loisa was again not allowed to participate in the challenge due to fever. The first challenge was won by Nichole, earning her an immunity for that week. On Day 45, Loisa was cleared of her sickness and joined the second All Out challenge. Nichole and Alex did not take part in it. In this second challenge, each team has to make the longest possible vertical line in the picnic area. Maris, Vickie, and Daniel won the challenge, with their tower measuring 212.4 feet, and gained immunity. Alex was given by Big Brother a special All Out task on Day 46; she needs to act out a given scene every time the living room monitor will be turned on. At stake on her special task is a ₱100,000 cash prize for a chosen charity. Middle of Alex's task, Zanjoe Marudo and Pokwang visited the housemates. Meanwhile, the remaining non-immune housemates faced their third and last challenge. They were tasked to pass a pingpong ball through an obstacle course. The first to do it were Fifth, Fourth, and Manolo finishing the challenge within 2 minutes and 38 seconds. Jane, Jayme, and Joshua were the second group to do the challenge; they failed to beat the time of the first group. They were also the first three housemates to be automatically nominated. The last group, composed of Loisa, Michele, and Ranty, followed. They were also unable to beat the first group's time indicating that they were the last three housemates to be automatically nominated. On Day 47, Big Brother told Michele and Fifth that Alex was just a houseguest and that she will be leaving the house by the end of the week. The two of them divulged this to the other housemates; they also told their plan of holding a party for her. They thought of not noticing Alex the next day. For two days, the housemates ignored Alex; with this they were able to get the send-off party for her at the picnic area the next day. Meanwhile, Ranty, Loisa, and Jane were tasked to sit on each of their own islands in the swimming pool the next day. They are not allowed to leave this island and only Alex can deliver them their needs. Only the three of them will be allowed to communicate with Alex. Later that night, they used only one of the islands, but due to heavy rains that night, they were allowed to step off the island. They were later transferred to the activity area. After the roof was completed, they were transferred back to the island. Alex was given time the next day to "rescue" the three housemates using a life saver within one minute; she was successful. Meanwhile, many of the dominoes have fallen and the other housemates had to exert extra effort to complete the artwork. Many of these have been caused by mishandling some dominoes, which, when fall, caused the succeeding dominoes to fall also. In the evening of Day 48, to finish the weekly task, they were tasked to do a domino fall; they failed to finish the task after three chances. In the live episode aired on Day 49, Alex exited the house. In the same night, Cheridel entered the house. Week 8 On Day 50, Jane and Joshua were confronted by the adult housemates with the special relationship they had. Big Brother also asked the both of them separately on what their true feelings are. On Day 52, Big Brother gave the housemates their weekly task. While doing their weekly task, Bea Alonzo and Paulo Avelino visited the house to distract them. On the evening, Cheridel formally entered the house. She was tasked to know the housemates inside a specially made "elevator". On Day 53, Maris was tasked to teach the housemates a series of ballroom dances. Unknown to her, the task was a test of their Freeze task. In the middle of their ballroom practice and while they were not moving, Geo Garcia, Joshua's father, visited the house. A similar event also happened when Franky, Jason Abalos (Vickie's boyfriend), and Eric Rushton (Vickie's dad) visited the house on Day 54. Abalos was tasked to bring Vickie's letter from her dad. Vickie later read the letter and realized a lot about her identity. The contents of the letter were not disclosed for privacy reasons. On Day 55, Ranty and Vickie were tasked to teach the housemates about beauty pageants, as the two of them are products of the same. However, in a twist, all housemates had to cross-dress for the pageant, with males to be taught by Vickie and females by Ranty. Ranty and Vickie will be the judges. Big Brother also told the both of them that he will let two photographers document the said event. Unknown to the housemates and most especially to Ranty, one of the photographers is her mother, Lydia. Michele and Joshua won the pageant for the males and females respectively as their alter egos Michael and Josie. At the end of the event, Big Brother froze the housemates. Seizing the moment and as instructed by Big Brother, Ranty's mom revealed herself. Alex Gonzaga also visited the house again after saying that she missed the housemates. She was able to talk with the housemates while they were frozen. On Day 56, Big Brother announced that for the third straight week, the housemates' weekly task failed because they committed four mistakes, which was more than the maximum limit of three. Later that night, Ranty was the first housemate to be evicted for the All Out twist. Week 9 On Day 57, Kathryn Bernardo and Daniel Padilla visited the housemates and filmed Padilla's new song, Unlimited. In the live episode aired that evening, as part of the All Out twist, Jayme and Michele were evicted. On Day 60, the list of nominees were announced. As part of the All In Nominations, all housemates who received a nomination point regardless of the number of points received will be automatically be part of the nominees. With the said twist, Daniel, Fifth, Jane, Joshua, Loisa, and Nichole were nominated. The Insta Save was again implemented this week with the non-nominated housemates helping the nominees. Non-nominees were required to pick the nominated housemates they would want to help by kicking a football into a 'goal' placed for each of the six nominees. Daniel was picked by Maris, Fifth by Fourth, Joshua by Vickie, Loisa by Cheridel, and Nichole by Manolo. Only Jane had no partner. In the Insta Save challenges, under one hour, each pairs had to shoot a table tennis ball to their partners, thread a table of needles, and form the 'SAVE' word using puzzle pieces. The first to complete, or the first to be able to do the challenges within the allotted time wins the Insta Save. In the end, Jane won. The housemates, meanwhile, practiced for their Dancing Football weekly task, which was given on Day 59. Daniel was assigned as their leader. The next days were spent on practicing the dance routine. One time, they put the football in the goal. However, these resulted in muscle pains in their feet. On Day 62, they performed the routine in the picnic area. They were given five chances to perform the routine, however, they failed after five attempts. So for the fourth straight week, the housemates failed their weekly task. On Day 63, Joshua and Loisa were saved from eviction. Week 10 On Day 64, Nichole was evicted after receiving the fewest public votes against Daniel and Fifth. On Day 65, the weekly task was introduced. In the weekly task, they were tasked to teach 5 kids an action song they have created. On Day 67, Daniel, Loisa, Manolo and Vickie took part in a special task for Cheridel. In their task, the four housemates had to bike for 2800 laps in order for Cheridel to see his son. On that night, Cheridel's status was revealed. Big Brother told Cheridel that she was only a houseguest. However, her status can only be elevated to "official housemate" if ever they will win the weekly task under her leadership. Cheridel was able to see her son on Day 69 after Daniel, Loisa, Manolo and Vickie won the special task. On the same day, the housemates together with kids performed for their weekly task; they were successful. With their victory, Cheridel became an official housemate. On that night, the All In 10 twist was announced and commenced immediately after the announcement. The housemates were put into pairs to go against each other: Cheridel versus Maris, Loisa versus Vickie, Manolo versus Fourth, Jane versus Fifth, and Daniel versus Joshua. In the first challenge, they have to guess five items while being blindfolded. Cheridel, Vickie, Fourth, Joshua, and fifth won the challenge. On Day 70, In the second challenge they had to put their pants on without their hands. Maris, Loisa, Fourth, Joshua, and Fifth won the challenge. In the third challenge, they had to solve a puzzle, similar to the mobile game Unblock Me. In the end, Maris, Loisa, Manolo, Daniel and Fifth won the challenge. Fifth received immunity for winning three times, while Jane became the first nominee. In the fourth challenge, the housemates had to arrange the glasses of water to form the tune of the chorus of the theme song Pinoy Ako. Maris, Fourth and Joshua both received immunity after gaining three points, while Daniel, Manolo and Cheridel became the second, third and fourth nominees respectively. Vickie and Loisa were the only pair to play the fifth challenge. In the fifth challenge, the housemates must find among several bags hanging inside the activity area just using their sense of smell. The one who will identify the correct bags fastest will win the challenge. In the end, Vickie won the challenge and received immunity, while Loisa became the last nominee. Week 11 On Day 71, Big Brother gave the Big Divide task and split the house in two groups. The Pagotan twins took the helm as leaders of each group. Jane, Cheridel, Maris, Manolo and Joshua chose Fifth, while Daniel, Vickie and Loisa chose Fourth. The housemates were prohibited from talking to the other group or crossing the border. On the same day, the housemates were informed of their weekly task, Twin or Lose. On Day 72, Joshua was punished to sleep for 24 hours and was not allowed to take a peek, open his eyes, and talk to the housemates due to various violations he incurred during the previous weeks. On Day 75, Fourth and Fifth's mother, Gloria, visited the house. With her visit, the two and six other housemates were blindfolded while dancing; Daniel and Manolo were spared in order to help Gloria in her task. After that, in the activity area, the twins were tasked to scrub off a dirty board using two toothbrushes. They need to reveal the letters "I-L-O-V-E-Y-O-U-M-A-M-A" (if spelled, is "I LOVE YOU MAMA") while being strapped into a rubber band. They were able to do a Skype video call with their mother, who was pretending to be in Japan. After the video call, Gloria went out to the activity area meeting her two sons. On Day 77, it was announced that they failed their weekly task. On that night, Jane and Loisa were saved from being evicted. Cheridel, Daniel, and Manolo on the other hand were called by Big Brother to the confession room. They were informed that, between the three of them, the evicted housemate will have the power to save and automatically nominate a housemate. After the live announcements, the two groups had to do a "relay the message" game. If they were able to relay the message to all the housemates correctly, the barrier within the house would be removed. The last housemate should be able to say the correct message; they were successful. The barrier was removed, which also meant that the two groups were again fused into one. Week 12 On Day 78, Cheridel, Daniel, and Manolo voted for whom they will save and automatically nominate. At the live eviction night, Cheridel was evicted. After the eviction, it was revealed that Cheridel voted to save Manolo and automatically nominate Fifth. To facilitate the announcements, John Prats and Robi Domingo delivered the corresponding envelopes to them. Afterwards, John and Robi were instructed by Big Brother to the confession room and informed them that they will stay in the Big Brother house once more in order to challenge the characters of the remaining housemates. On Day 79, the nominations were again suspended and the immunity challenges were reinstated. For the first challenge, one housemate has to traverse a path to the center of the activity center while balancing a flag. They are only given five times to try the challenge; the housemate with the fastest time wins immunity. In the event that the all housemates failed to finish the challenge, the housemate with the farthest reach wins immunity. Daniel and Joshua were the only housemates who finished the challenge; however, since Daniel has the fastest time, he won the immunity. After the challenge, Big Brother gathered the housemates in the living room, where a big stone was placed. Big Brother asked who are two of them that are tough enough for this week's challenges. Joshua and Fourth stood up and placed their hands in the stone and picked a number. Joshua got #1; while Fourth got #2. Joshua and Fourth chose their teammates alternately; Joshua was first. Joshua picked Jane and Maris, while Fourth picked Vickie and Loisa. Robi and John also picked sides on whom they will coach; John picked Fourth, and Robi picked Joshua. The team who will finish the three challenges faster will receive immunity. At the end of three challenges, Team Joshua won immunity; the other received automatic nomination. After the challenges, the housemates had the chance to hear the opinions of the public about them. They have to choose between good news or bad news. In the morning of Day 80, Jane was tasked to be the breadwinner of the weekly task. In the afternoon, Robi and John were instructed by Big Brother to leave the house, ending their special task as houseguests. On the other hand, Fifth was affected with the public's comments regarding his sexuality. He later disclosed his sexuality; he told Big Brother that he is a bisexual. His disclosure was the second instance in the franchise, after Rustom Padilla's outing as a homosexual in the first celebrity season. On Day 84, Jane, Fifth, and Joshua failed to win the weekly task. In the evening, Fifth and Loisa were saved from the eviction. Also, Alex visited the house through a 100-second encounter with Fifth. Also within this week, Vice Ganda visited the house. Week 13 On Day 85, Fourth was evicted after receiving the least percentage of public votes. The next day, Big Brother gave the new weekly task, The Big Concert, with Maris and Manolo being the task leaders. Later, on an undisclosed day, Maris was informed that she will perform with her family. But first, in a special task, she must attached strings to a big guitar in the activity area. Each string attached would mean one of her family members will be performing with her; she was able to attach two. Daniel helped her and attached one more string. On Day 87, Jane celebrated her debut. Unknown to her, her housemates have done several tasks in the previous week in order to have a debut party for her. After the surprise from the housemates, Big Brother gave Jane a surprise debut party with her family, close friends and housemates. On Day 91, the housemates performed their production numbers and were judged by Jason Gainza, Enchong Dee, and Erich Gonzales; they were successful. Also, Maris was able to perform with her parents and her younger sister; they were later given a 100-second encounter by Big Brother. Week 14 On Day 92, Big Brother announced that all housemates were automatically nominated. However, they have the chance to nominate-to-save other housemates or not to save anyone at all. Being voted by none, Fifth, Jane and Joshua were nominated. On Day 98, Fifth was evicted after receiving the fewest votes. On Day 97, the housemates won their Dice Stacking weekly task. Several events took place in the house this week; however, the exact dates were not known, such as: Piolo Pascual's visit; the outside the house Y.O.L.O. (You Only Live Once) trip of Maris, Loisa, and Manolo; Joshua's confession of his love to Jane; and Jason Abalos' visit to Vickie. The exact start date of the weekly task was also not revealed. Week 15 In the live episode aired on Day 99, the housemates did the live nominations. The most nominated housemate was "evicted." In that instance Manolo received the most points. Unknown to them, the fakely evicted housemate will be separated from 'non-evicted' housemates; they will occupy a secret room. In the succeeding days, more housemates will be fakely evicted. Among them, one will be saved through Insta Save challenge; while the others will face the real eviction. On Day 100, the housemates had to vote for one of them to be evicted. However, he/she must at least receive four votes. After four rounds of nomination tries, Daniel was fakely evicted. On that night, the 100 Day nomination challenge commenced. They all have to arrange pictures by using small lifesaver-like items number from 1 to 10. The three fastest housemates will be safe; while the two housemates with the longest time to finish the challenge will receive a fake eviction. Vickie was not able to perform the task that day because she was not feeling well, but the next morning, she was able to perform the challenge. In the night of Day 101, the three housemates with the fastest time were declared safe: Joshua, Loisa, and Maris. Jane and Vickie were fakely evicted. Fifth returned to the house to help in the next Insta Save challenge. Daniel and Manolo had beforehand prepared a cake and painted it. One hundred candles were placed on it, which were lit during the challenge. The four fakely evicted housemates had to extinguish the flames of as many candles as possible while being defended by Joshua, Loisa, Maris, and Fifth. Both parties used different improvised materials to defend or extinguish the flames. Daniel had extinguished the most number of flames was saved; the rest faced another challenge. In the second challenge, the three housemates had to hit life sized images of the other housemates, which were placed in the activity area, from the pool area. Vickie won the challenge, and was saved from the eviction; Jane and Manolo were the official two nominees. On Day 106, Manolo was evicted after receiving the fewest votes. Week 16 The nominations for this week were based on the Do You Know game and was hosted by Judy Ann Santos-Agoncillo on Day 107. In the game, housemates were asked questions. Vickie and Maris won the first and second rounds, respectively, and were thus saved from the nomination. In the third round, only Vickie and Maris played the game. In that round, the winner will have a power to save a housemate from the eviction. Maris won the last round and chose to save Loisa. On the other hand, Daniel, Jane, and Joshua were listed as the official nominees for the week. Award-winning director Cathy Garcia-Molina entered the Big Brother House on Day 108 to help the housemates on their weekly task. With her help, they are tasked to create a short movie as their weekly task. She gave them their script and also tasked them to know their character. She came back at the Big Brother House the next day, only to find out that the housemates did not do their assignment. Instead they only memorized their script. This led to Direk Cathy's walk-out from the house. On Day 110, Big Brother called Jane and Daniel in the confession room to tell them that Direk Cathy still didn't want to come back until she sees that they are worth working for. Because of that, the housemates practiced their lines all day. The next morning, Direk Cathy came back at the Big Brother House, and the housemates apologized to her for not making their homework. After that, they started to shoot for their weekly task. All housemates had trouble with shooting. Daniel had trouble with pronouncing Tagalog words and Loisa had trouble with her expressions and voice. Joshua had trouble with acting in front of Direk Cathy and Vickie had trouble with her lines. On Day 111, the housemates' short film premiered in television. On Day 113, Joshua was evicted, having received the lowest ever net vote of -34.57% as a result of the S-E Voting scheme during the 12th Eviction Night. Week 17 The housemates had a task that involved a mini Big Brother house which was more or less able to accommodate the five remaining housemates. This house should be carried everywhere the housemates went together while inside it. Initially, Loisa was allowed to stay outside the house to prepare the others' food. However, she was also made to stay inside the house. In order for them to get outside of the house, they are supposed to go around the pool 100 times. At some point in between they were able to eat dinner with four previous Big Winners in the picnic area. The housemates also had a chance to meet their families. On Day 115, Maris' parents exchanged their wedding vows inside the house. The marriage was solemnized by Quezon City Mayor Herbert Bautista. On Day 118, Aquino & Abunda Tonight aired live inside the living room of the Big Brother house. Individually, the five remaining housemates were interviewed by Kris Aquino, effectively occupying the time slots of the two shows. On Day 119, the housemates saw the Big Four platform in the living room. After Loisa was evicted, Maris, Daniel, Jane, and Vickie were declared as the Big 4. As a reward, the Big 4 went to the Manila Yacht Club, where they rode a yacht, ate dinner, and watched a fireworks display. Tasks Weekly tasks Every week, Big Brother will give the housemates a task which they had to accomplish. At stake per task is their weekly budget. Notes Other tasks While in the house, Big Brother gives other tasks to one or more housemates, or to the houseguests. At stake per task is a special reward such as cash prizes. Note Challenges All Out On Day 42, Big Brother announced the All Out twist. This twist involves challenges. At the end of all challenges, all the housemates that failed to win a challenge will receive an automatic nomination. The following are the All Out challenges: Note All In 10 On the night of Day 69, it was announced that the housemates would face challenges. Teen housemates competed against the adult housemates for immunity from the eighth round of nominations. The housemates who finished the fastest won the challenge. Housemates earning three points won immunity from nomination. Super challenges On Day 79, it was announced that the housemates will face another set of immunity challenges. In three challenges, the group with the fastest time received immunity. The two groups were headed by Joshua and Fourth. Do You Know? On Day 108, this challenge was given to the housemates for the 12th nomination round, it was hosted by Mrs. Judy Ann Santos-Agoncillo where the housemates were asked different questions about the other housemates. Each round will have a winner who will be immune from nomination and will participate in the final round where the winner will get a chance to save another housemate. Nomination history In every nomination, each housemate has to nominate two people with the first receiving two points and the second with one point. Nominations against Alex were not included in the tally since Alex was only a houseguest. For the first two nomination rounds, the public was given the chance to nominate one housemate. From Day 57 onwards, evictions were held every Sunday, a deviation from the usual Saturday. For the twelfth and thirteenth nomination rounds, the SE voting scheme was implemented. For the final night, overnight voting and Power of One were both implemented. Legend Notes Vote to Nominate For the first two nomination rounds, the public was given the chance to nominate one housemate. Below is the breakdown of vote percentages released by the show. Notes Colored envelopes Big Brother vested a power on an evicted housemate to nominate and save another housemate for the next nomination round. Notes S–E voting system result Below is the eviction voting result implemented from the twelfth eviction round up to the big night. The Big Night at Resorts World Prior to the Big Night, just like in the last season (Teen Edition 4), all votes were reset back to zero and the SE voting system will be implemented with the Power of One rule. In the morning of Day 120 (August 24, 2014), the Big 4 exited the house and rode in a helicopter to the Villamor Air Base in Pasay. After that, they rode a limousine to Resorts World Manila and were tasked to open a vault. After unlocking the vault, they found a cellphone; they called Big Brother, who told them that the Big Night was happening that night. At the Big Night in Resorts World Manila, Big Brother gave them his final message. Afterwards, each of the Big 4 was able to ask questions to a housemate. After the end of the public poll, Vickie Rushton was proclaimed the 4th Big Placer with -0.78% of the total net votes. Although Jane Oineza had the highest percentage of Save Votes, this did not help her to become the Big Winner since she obtained the highest Evict Votes and thus managed to obtain -0.73% of the total net votes and was proclaimed the 3rd Big Placer, much to everyone's surprise. Maris Racal and Daniel Matsunaga were the last two people inside the confession room and after a long wait, Maris was declared as the season's 2nd Big Placer with 3.10% of the total net votes while Daniel was proclaimed this season's Big Winner with 11.69% of the total net votes and the third celebrity winner of this franchise. References External links Pinoy Big Brother: All In Official website Pinoy Big Brother: All In on Facebook Pinoy Big Brother: All In on Twitter 2014 Philippine television seasons Pinoy Big Brother seasons
Bert Alford Cassidy (May 19, 1889 - January 20, 1950) served in the California Senate for the 3rd District from 1929 to 1933 and during World War I he served in the United States Army. References Republican Party California state senators United States Army personnel of World War I 20th-century American politicians 1889 births 1950 deaths
Altın is a Turkish word meaning "golden" (comparable to Mongolian "altan"). It is also a common surname. Notable people with the surname include: Erhan Altın (born 1956), Turkish football manager Josef Altin (born 1983), British television and film actor Mehmet Altin (born 1959), Turkish weightlifter Salih Altın (born 1987), German footballer Şükrü Altın (born 1956), Turkish historian, novelist, educator, and painter Volkan Altın (born 1986), German footballer See also Altin, a given name Altan, a Mongolian given name also meaning "golden" Koza Altın, a Turkish gold mining company Altın Koza International Film Festival Turkish-language surnames
Pseudebulea lungtanensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe and Akira Mutuura in 1968. It is found in Jiangsu, China. References Moths described in 1968 Pyraustinae
"To Build a Fire" is a short story by American author Jack London. There are two versions of this story. The first one was published in 1902, and the other was published in 1908. The story written in 1908 has become an often anthologized classic, while the 1902 story is less well known. The 1908 version is about an unnamed male protagonist who ventures out in the subzero boreal forest of the Yukon Territory. He is followed by a native dog and is en route to visit his friends—ignoring warnings from an older man from Sulphur Creek about the dangers of hiking alone in extreme cold. The protagonist underestimates the harsh conditions and freezes to death after his fire is doused and he is unable to re-light it. In the 1902 version, though the structure and storyline are similar, the weather is not as cold and horrendous, no dog follows the protagonist, the fire is not doused, and the man (named Tom Vincent in this version) suffers only from severe frostbite and survives to become a more melancholic but wiser person. "To Build a Fire" is an oft-cited example of the naturalist movement that portrays the conflict of man versus nature. It also reflects London's personal experiences in the Yukon Territory. 1908 version plot The unnamed man, a chechaquo (newcomer to the Yukon), sets out to hike through the forests bordering the Yukon River on a winter day where the temperature has fallen to −75 °F (−59 °C). Having ignored warnings against traveling alone in such conditions, he is accompanied only by a large husky dog. The animal's instincts warn it about the dangers of the extreme cold, but the dog reluctantly follows the man. As they follow the course of a frozen creek, the man is careful to avoid patches of thin ice hidden by the snow. His goal is to reach a group of prospectors (referred to as "the boys") at their camp by six o'clock that evening. At half-past noon, the man stops and builds a fire so he can warm up and eat his lunch. Shortly after resuming his hike, he accidentally breaks through the ice and soaks his feet and lower legs, forcing him to stop and build another fire so he can dry himself. Having chosen a spot under a tree for this fire, he pulls twigs from the brush pile around it to feed the flames; the vibrations of this action eventually cause a large amount of snow to tumble down from the branches overhead and extinguish the fire. The man quickly begins to lose sensation in his extremities and hurries to light another fire, now starting to understand the warnings about the life-threatening danger posed by the extreme cold. He lights the fire, igniting all of his matches and burning himself in the process due to the numbness in his hands. While trying to remove a piece of moss from the fire, he inadvertently pokes the burning twigs apart, extinguishing them. With no way to start another fire, the man thinks of killing the dog and using its body heat to save himself, but his hands are so stiff that he can neither strangle the animal nor draw his knife to cut its throat. Finally, he tries to restore his circulation by running toward the camp, but stumbles and falls multiple times in the snow. The man feels the cold gradually freezing him to his core, and he ultimately falls asleep and dies of hypothermia. He imagines himself standing with "the boys" as they find his body. The dog leaves the body after dark to find food and shelter at the camp. Themes Man versus nature is a major theme in the story. The protagonist decides to face the brutally cold temperatures of the Yukon Trail despite being warned by an older man. The short story depicts the protagonist's battle of life and death while highlighting the importance of the fire. Lee Mitchel, a familiar critique of London's work, commented on London's usage of naturalism in his plots. That the efforts of emphasizing the environment too much led, “In turn, everything that somehow contributes to those attempts is doubled and re-doubled, iterated and re-iterated, leaving nothing to occur only once” (Mitchell 78) throughout the story. One theme illustrated in the story is the man's sense of judgment contrasted with the dog's animal instincts. Throughout the story, London hints that the dog has more knowledge of survival than the man; the judgment-versus-instinct theme is evident when the man builds the first fire. While the dog wants to stay by the fire to keep warm, the man is determined to keep moving. As the dog reluctantly follows the man across a frozen river, the dog is more cautious than the man. The protagonist's desperation is evident throughout the majority of the story. It is noticeable soon after the man falls into a frozen-over river. To save himself he scrambles to build a fire, but is too busy worrying about his survival to notice the mistake of building a fire underneath a tree that has collected an enormous amount of snow. After the first fire is put out, his desperation becomes more defined as he seemingly will do anything to survive, including attempting to kill his dog for warmth and using all his matches at once in a final attempt to light a fire. His desperation for survival and his fear of death cause him to panic, leading to his final demise as he freezes to death at the end of the story. Perseverance Another evident theme in the story is perseverance. Although the man makes several mistakes and gets frostbite in his fingers and toes, he continues to fight for survival. He ignores all the signs that he would not make it to the village he was headed to. For instance, London described “He did not bare his fingers more than a minute and was surprised to find that they were numb". In less than 60 seconds, his fingers were numb, indicating to him that it is too dangerous for him to be outside, yet he progresses despite how dangerous it is. Wisdom and experience Wisdom and experience is another theme that is present throughout the story. London shows that the man lacks the knowledge needed to survive in the Yukon. Based on instincts, the dog knew that it was too cold to travel in the snow. London wrote: "The dog was sorry to leave and looked toward the fire". This line indicates that the dog wanted to be closer to heat. However, the unnamed protagonist ignored all the signs before him. He knew that it was cold but he did not realize the threat this posed on his life. The man's ability to develop arrogance worked against him here, whereas the dog knew better just based on instinct. Stupidity and arrogance are personified in the story's protagonist. For example, he goes through the extremely cold territory alone, despite going for the first time. He laughs off the crucial advice from the old man of Sulphur Creek about traveling with an acquaintance because he thinks he knows what he's doing. This arrogance results in the protagonist putting himself in a dangerous situation that was preventable. At first, he thinks it's nothing and that everything will be fine. By the end of the story, he dies as a result of his arrogance. Through this story, London shows how the man's demise is due to his humanity and lack of knowledge when entering this journey. Also, he shows that the dog survives because of following its instincts which is something that the man does not pay attention to. The superior mindset and lack of knowledge of the area around where he traveled led to his downfall as well. Another example of arrogance occurs when the protagonist disregards the possibility that there may be situations he cannot overcome. The old man warns the protagonist of this and also seems to have a better understanding of the natural world, respecting the fact that there are some situations the man will be unable to control. Not only does the old man see the protagonist's stupidity, but the dog notices the man's lack of knowledge about the terrain's obstacles and challenges after he fails to keep a fire going. Death Succumbing to death is another theme in the story, more specifically, the peace that may be found in death. London foreshadows the death of the man early in the story, so it is not a surprise that the man dies, and closer to the end he recalls the cold and the old-timer as he accepts his fate. However, London depicts death quite differently than many other authors do. The man drifts off into a calm, peaceful slumber devoid of suffering and pain. London's use of relaxing words dissuades the reader from feeling a great deal of sympathy for the man, as the death is merciful and graciously anticipated, rather than sad. In contrast to more dramatic depictions of death, London's depiction reveals death as a peaceful escape from tumult and pain. The description of the protagonist's death has been associated with the discovery of one's self: specifically, that self-discovery is "not a significant psychic discovery" as it results in "the simple physical discovery that the self is body only". Individualism Individualism is another common theme that London portrays in the story. The man only relies on himself and attempts to sacrifice the dog to get him through the Yukon; he doesn't believe that he needs any help. This concept can also be connected to the theme mentioned above of the man's judgment, and the man's arrogance. Arrogance Arrogance is another common theme that London uses on the protagonist. The man initially comes off as arrogant when not taking advice from the elder on Sulphur Creek. As readers, we can assume we see and picture the character this way since London purposely doesn't give us a name or much information at all about him. This lack of information doesn't allow us a strong connection or emotions for this character. An Aldersmead Care Home article on what we can learn from our elders argues that “We can choose whose advice and opinions we value… It's also possible to hold disagreements without bearing grudges or holding onto bitterness.” a lot of arrogance from the protagonist got in the way of his initial judgment when talking to the older man. This lack of respect or ability to take the advice is one of the many reasons he didn't survive. 1902 version The earlier version was first published in The Youth's Companion on May 29, 1902. It was published in Klondike. Although it differs in some details, the general structure and storyline are similar; the primary differences are as follows: in the first version it is not as cold, there is no dog, the fire is not doused, and the man (named Tom Vincent) suffers some permanent frostbite damage but survives, sad but wiser. Another difference between the two versions comes from Clell Petersen's analysis of "To Build a Fire". He argues that the 1902 narrator has a love of life that the 1908 narrator lacks, this causes Tom Vincent (the 1902 narrator) to persevere through his journey and not "sit down and die". While the later narrator tries to fight his imminent death he lacks the love of life' that would force him to struggle to the end", so he, in the end, accepts it and doesn't complete his journey. This story may be based on a true story as related by author Jeremiah Lynch in his book Three Years in the Klondike written about 1898. The anecdote in the book is closely mirrored by Jack London’s “fictional” story. Legacy The story was retold in a 2018 graphic novel by Christophe Chabouté, entitled Construire un feu. Related films Construire un feu (1927–1928) is an early short film by Claude Autant-Lara. To Build a Fire (1969) was made by David Cobham, with Ian Hogg as the man and Orson Welles as the narrator. To Build a Fire (2003) is a French version starring Olivier Pagès. Build a Fire (2011) is an American version with a modified story. To Build a Fire (2016) is an animated short film directed by Fx Goby. COLD (2015) is a Spanish short film based on this story. See also "The Little Match Girl," an 1845 short story by Hans Christian Andersen about a child dying of hypothermia "The Beggar Boy at Christ's Christmas Tree", an 1876 short story by Fyodor Dostoevsky References External links To Build a Fire by Jack London 1902 short stories 1908 short stories Short stories adapted into films Short stories by Jack London Yukon in fiction
Amphilius dimonikensis is a species of catfish in the genus Amphilius. It is endemic to the Mpoulou River in Mayombe, Republic of the Congo. Its length reaches 5.6 cm. References dimonikensis Freshwater fish of Africa Fish described in 2007
Samantha Arsenault (born October 11, 1981), later known by her married name Samantha Livingstone, is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic champion. Arsenault represented the United States at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, where she received a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. team in the women's 4×200-meter freestyle relay, together with teammates Diana Munz, Lindsay Benko and Jenny Thompson. The four Americans set a new Olympic record in the event final of 7:57.80. Arsenault was born in Peabody, Massachusetts and graduated from Gardner High School. She swam for North Shore Swim Club and Greenwood Memorial Swim Club in Gardner, Massachusetts. She initially attended the University of Michigan, and swam for the Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving team. She transferred to the University of Georgia after her freshman year, and finished her college sports career competing for coach Jack Bauerle's Georgia Bulldogs swimming and diving team. See also List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women) List of University of Georgia people References External links 1981 births Living people American female freestyle swimmers Georgia Bulldogs women's swimmers Michigan Wolverines women's swimmers Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming People from Gardner, Massachusetts Sportspeople from Worcester County, Massachusetts Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Wetumpka () is a city in and the county seat of Elmore County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,220. In the early 21st century Elmore County became one of the fastest-growing counties in the state. The city is considered part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Area. Wetumpka identifies as "The City of Natural Beauty". Among the notable landmarks are the Wetumpka crater and the Jasmine Hill Gardens, with a full-sized replica of the Temple of Hera of Olympia, Greece. Historic downtown Wetumpka developed on both sides of the Coosa River. It was near Fort Toulouse, built by French colonists in 1717, when they had claimed this territory for the king. In 2022, the city of Wetumpka jailed two elderly women attempting to feed and neuter stray cats. Etymology The placename Wetumpka is derived from the Muscogee Creek Native American language phrase we-wau tum-cau meaning "rumbling waters", believed to be a description of the sound of the nearby Coosa River at the rapids of the Devil's Staircase. The roar of the rapids reportedly could be heard for miles before the construction in the 20th century of Walter Bouldin Dam and Jordan Dam, when the river was captured as a reservoir behind the dam. After being forced west to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), by United States soldiers under the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Muscogee named their major settlement there Wetumka, after their historic village. History Wetumpka was long settled by the Muscogee people, whose territory extended through present-day Georgia and Alabama. Their largest towns were on the banks of the Coosa and at its confluence with the Tallapoosa River, at Wetumpka and Talisi (now Tallassee), respectively. French and British colonization After moving the 1702 settlement of Mobile to Mobile Bay in 1711, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville sent an expedition up the Alabama River to establish a fort in the interior of the colony, known as La Louisiane or New France, to stop the encroachment of British colonists and to foster trade and goodwill with the Creek. Bienville directed the construction of Fort Toulouse along the Coosa River in 1714, above the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers and the Creek village of Taskigi. Bienville selected this area as a strategic locale for a fortification. The French traded at Wetumpka and garrisoned Fort Toulouse until 1763, when they ceded the territory to the British following defeat in the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America). For nearly a quarter century, the British had control of this area. Several Scots and Irish traders, such as McGillivray and Weatherford, were active in the region. They married into the Creek matrilineal aristocracy and later claimed vast land grants. Their descendants became important Creek leaders because of their mothers' status. United States rule After Britain was defeated in the American Revolutionary War, it ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to the United States in 1783. In 1798 the US made this area part of the Mississippi Territory, after cessions from the states of Georgia and South Carolina. Between 1800 and 1812, European-American pioneers began to arrive, many with enslaved African-American laborers, and encroach on the lands of the Southeast Indian tribes. By the early 19th century, there were tensions among the Creek, with young men of the Upper Creek promoting a revival of religion and traditional culture, and the Lower Creek, more influenced by settlement and trade with European Americans in Georgia, becoming more assimilated. In addition, in 1811, the Shawnee chief Tecumseh of the upper Northwest appealed to the Creek to join his Western Confederacy to try to drive out and exterminate the European settlers west of the Appalachians. When the U.S. declared war on Britain in June 1812, the Upper Creek lost the assistance of the British, but they persisted with war against American settlers in the area. Upon receiving the news of the massacre at Fort Mims, whose refugees included many Lower Creek, American settlers appealed for government help. General Andrew Jackson led a militia with members from Tennessee, Mississippi, and Georgia and attacked the Creek in Alabama. The path the militia traveled became known as "Jackson's Trace". Jackson's forces won a decisive victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. He moved on to Fort Toulouse, where he directed its repair. During his absence, the site was renamed Fort Jackson in his honor. Jackson made the fort his headquarters during the War of 1812. The newly created Montgomery County held its courts there. The defeated Creek were forced to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson (1814), which ceded to the United States of Creek lands: much of the remainder of their territory in Georgia and most of central Alabama. After the war, many of Jackson's Tennessee militia returned home, collected their families and belongings, and brought them back to settle near the fort. Growth and incorporation Settlers, mostly from Georgia and the Carolinas, flooded into the fertile land that the Creeks had been forced to give up. With its strategic location at the river confluence, Wetumpka quickly became an important center of agricultural trade. The city was formally incorporated in 1834. Cotton was the commodity crop of the new state of Alabama, with cultivation of short-staple cotton in the upland areas made possible by Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin, which reduced the labor of processing. From the scattered fields and large plantations worked by slave labor in the interior, cotton was carted overland to Wetumpka. At the fall line of the Coosa River, the port shipped out cotton bales by steamboats which went downriver to the markets at Mobile for sale. Wetumpka became a cotton boom town. The new city was divided in half. The part on the eastern bank of the river was commercial, with banks, stores, and hotels, and was located in Coosa County. The western section in Autauga County was residential, with houses and churches laid out on a grid pattern of streets. By 1836, the city's population was 1,200. Harper's Weekly asserted that "Wetumpka, Alabama and Chicago, Illinois are the most promising two cities of the West. The city commissioned a steamboat, The Coosa Belle, to ferry passengers and cotton between Wetumpka and Mobile. The same forces contributing to Wetumpka's growth were shifting the balance of power within Alabama. A standoff between the farmers of the Tennessee Valley, centered in the former capital of Huntsville, and the old mercantile wealth of Mobile, had resulted in the capital being located for many years at Tuscaloosa. By 1845, the cotton planters in the interior Black Belt had become some of the wealthiest in the country, and power was shifting toward the southern and central part of the state. Both the Black Belt cotton barons and the Mobilians wanted the capital moved. Compromise indicated a new, centrally located capital, accessible by river and by steamboat. The lead contenders were Wetumpka (then straddling old Autauga and Coosa Counties) and the newer city of Montgomery (in Montgomery County), a few miles south. Neither city had a majority of support; representatives from north Alabama, enraged that the capital was being moved from Tuscaloosa, were indifferent to either site. Just before the vote, Montgomery lured an expensive French chef to the new hotel that had been built to house the state's representatives if Montgomery were selected. The city distributed elegant menus to the statesmen. The promise of luxury swayed the vote, and Montgomery won. That same year, a fire broke out in Wetumpka, burning warehouses and many commercial buildings. The charred bricks were carried downriver to Montgomery to supply the building boom in Alabama's new capital. War and flood Though their civic pride was wounded by losing the capital to Montgomery, Wetumpka's planters and merchants continued to flourish throughout the antebellum period. They promoted a plan to build a lock and dam so that boats would be able to pass above the Fall Line and travel up the Coosa as far as Rome, Georgia. One famous resident was William Lowndes Yancey, a firebrand newspaper editor and statesman who was an influential advocate of states' rights, slavery, and Southern secession. In February 1861, representatives from seven Southern states met in Montgomery to form the Confederate government, inaugurating Jefferson Davis as their president on the steps of the Alabama state capitol. The first six states to secede were those whose residents owned the most slaves in the South. The same year saw the majority of Wetumpka's male population going off to war. Wetumpka was never harmed by Federal troops. No Union troops entered the area until early 1865, and they were driven to reach Montgomery to punish the former Confederate capital before the war ended. Veterans of the war returned to a city and a region whose economy had been completely destroyed. In 1866, a Reconstruction government drew up a new plan of counties for the state, and Elmore County was created out of parts of Coosa, Autauga, and Montgomery counties, with Wetumpka as its county seat. (Rockford was chosen as seat of the "new" Coosa County.) Despite this, the city's future seemed grim. Before the war (in 1850), the population had reached 3,824 to become the 3rd largest city in the state (behind Mobile and Montgomery). By 1870 it had 1,137 residents (with Black residents outnumbering Whites by a margin of 594 to 543); in 1880, 816 residents; by 1890, it had declined to 619, and would bottom out at 562 in 1900. Not until 1950 would it return to the population it had a century earlier (with 3,813 residents). In 1886, the worst flood in city history inundated the west bank and most of downtown. The bridge connecting the city's two halves was washed away, and more than a year passed before it was replaced. The Lexington Kentucky Morning Herald of October 3, 1900, had a rather grim addition to the Wetumpka region's history: Progress The first paved road linking Wetumpka with Montgomery was completed in 1924. Montgomery continued to grow during the two World Wars because of military spending in the region and the growth of the state government. By the 1950s, the ubiquity of the automobile allowed Wetumpka's residents to commute daily to Montgomery for work. "Cat Ladies" In 2022, two women were arrested and charged for feeding cats, which is not a crime in Wetumpka. City Judge Jeff Courtney sentenced Beverly Roberts, 85, and Mary Alston, 61, each to two years of unsupervised probation and 10 days in jail. The jail sentence was suspended. They were also ordered to each pay $100 in fines, plus court costs. Some have thought the arrests and sentencing were overzealous. Geography Wetumpka is located southwest of the center of Elmore County at (32.540972, −86.207726), and sits on both sides of the Coosa River northeast of its confluence with the Tallapoosa River, where they merge to become the Alabama River. The city is situated astride the Fall Line, where the Appalachian foothills give way to the flat Gulf Coastal Plain. The city is located along many major US and state routes, notably U.S. Route 231, which runs east of downtown, leading north to Rockford and south to downtown Montgomery. Alabama State Route 14 runs west to east through the downtown area, leading east to Tallassee and southwest to Prattville. Other state highways that run through the city include Alabama State Route 9 and Alabama State Route 170. Downtown Wetumpka covers two city blocks, and is bordered on the northwest by the Coosa River. The Bibb Graves Bridge crosses the river here, and is the city's most recognizable landmark. Directly across the bridge are the city's three antebellum churches, the First Methodist, First Presbyterian, and First Baptist. On January 19, 2019, a tornado destroyed the First Presbyterian church and badly damaged the first Baptist church. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 3.66%, is water. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wetumpka has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 7,220 people, 2,917 households, and 2,008 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 6,528 people and 2,206 households residing in the city. The population density was . There were 2,139 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 64.88% White, 32.83% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.38% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. 2.32% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 1,797 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 36.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 62.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 54.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $35,536, and the median income for a family was $41,500. Males had a median income of $32,403 versus $23,234 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,729. About 7.7% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over. Culture, natural history, and recreation Wetumpka on TV In July 2020, Wetumpka was chosen out of 2,600 towns to be featured on HGTV's 8-episode Home Town Takeover, which started airing May 2, 2021. The series follows the efforts of Ben and Erin Napier of HGTV's Home Town (set in Laurel, Mississippi) to help revitalize Wetumpka by renovating 12 buildings and public spaces. Wetumpka in movies Four major films have been filmed on location in downtown Wetumpka. The Grass Harp (1995) The Rosa Parks Story (2002) Big Fish (2003) Son of the South (2020) Wetumpka meteor crater Wetumpka is the home of "Alabama's greatest natural disaster". A meteorite, estimated to be wide, hit the area about 80 million years ago. The hills just east of downtown showcase the eroded remains of a impact crater that was blasted into the bedrock, with the area labeled the Wetumpka crater or astrobleme ("star-wound") for the concentric rings of fractures and zones of shattered rock that can be found beneath the surface. In 2002, Auburn University researchers published evidence and established the site as an internationally recognized impact crater. Scientists have estimated that the energy released by the impact was over 175,000 times the energy of the nuclear bomb detonated at Hiroshima, Japan in 1945. Jasmine Hill Gardens This outdoor museum was built in the 1930s on the estate of the Fitzpatrick family, who spent many years in Greece collecting replicas of ancient statuary to adorn their formal gardens at Jasmine Hill. The gardens are closed and will not re-open; they had several attractions including a full-sized replica of the Temple of Hera at Olympia. Outdoor recreation Wetumpka and the Coosa River annually play host to the Coosa River Challenge, which began in 2003 and regularly draws 150 to 200 participants. The race, a modified triathlon, starts at the Swayback Bridge Trail with a cross country run, a mountain bike leg, and paddling on the Coosa River to finish at Goldstar Park in downtown Wetumpka. The Swayback Bridge Trail is home to the annual mountain bike race, "Attack on Swayback". Wetumpka is popular with white water sports enthusiasts, attracting paddlers from all over the country. The city hosts the annual Coosa River Whitewater Festival, and was the site of the 2005 U.S. Freestyle Kayaking Nationals. The Coosa River Paddling Club has constructed Corn Creek Park, which offers public access to the river, along with nature and walking trails. Christmas on the Coosa Christmas on the Coosa is an annual series of events held in during the month of December. The event location is the Bibb Graves Memorial Bridge. The main event is the fireworks display and boat show held on the Coosa River. Observers watch from the Bibb Graves Memorial Bridge as a parade of boats decorated with Christmas lights float down the river under the bridge as fireworks go off. This is a unique experience due to the glow of fireworks illuminating the night sky as well as the placid river surface. A host of events proceeds the river show such as Miss Christmas on the Coosa Pageant, Pictures with Santa, tree lighting, and other events centralized around the city's Gold State Park. Poarch Creek casino The Poarch Band of Creek Indians, the only federally recognized tribe in Alabama, have built a casino on land abutting the city. The tribe have announced plans for a major expansion of the casino to include a $246 million hotel, a second casino, and many other attractions in the complex as well. The new casino complex will employ over 1,000 people and have a 20-story, 285-room hotel named Wind Creek Wetumpka. Government and infrastructure The United States Postal Service operates the Wetumpka Post Office. The Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women of the Alabama Department of Corrections is in Wetumpka. The prison houses Alabama's female death row. Wetumpka was previously the site of the Wetumpka State Penitentiary. In 2022, the Wetumpka Police Department handcuffed and arrested a group of elderly ladies for feeding stray cats in a city park. They were convicted and sentenced by local judge Jeff Courtney. The case is now under appeal. Education The city is within the Elmore County Public School System. Public schools include Wetumpka Elementary School, Wetumpka Middle School, Wetumpka High School, and Redland Elementary School. Wetumpka Middle School was formed by a merger of Wetumpka Intermediate School and Wetumpka Junior High School. Notable people James Anderson, actor, To Kill a Mockingbird William B. Bryant, United States federal judge from 1965 to 2005 James Daniel, tight end coach for Pittsburgh Steelers John Kelly Fitzpatrick, painter Hanley Funderburk, president of Auburn University from 1980 to 1983 and president of Eastern Kentucky University from 1984 to 1998 Robert D. Glass, first African American justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1987 to 1992 Lewis Jackson, head basketball coach of Alabama State University Jean Baptiste Louis DeCourtel Marchand, French soldier who died in Wetumpka; great-grandfather of Creek leader William Weatherford and great-uncle of Alexander McGillivray, also a Creek chief Jason McLaughlin, soccer player Charles McMorris, US vice admiral Benjamin White Norris, congressman from 1868 to 1869 Frank Oliver, former NFL defensive back Blake Percival, whistleblower Jim Rogers, businessman and author Jason Sanford, science-fiction author Elizabeth Spiers, writer and editor Monica Lisa Stevenson, gospel musician Channing Tatum, actor, born in Cullman, spent part of childhood in Wetumpka and has family in area Tevin Washington, football player, quarterback for Georgia Tech Thomas Williams, congressman from 1879 to 1885 Jamie Winborn, pro football player Jessica Meuse, finished in fourth place on the thirteenth season of American Idol William Lowndes Yancey, Confederate politician and diplomat John Q. Loomis, Confederate army officer Buildings References External links City of Wetumpka official website WetumpkaOnline Elmore County Tourism Council Elmore County Economic Development Authority (ECEDA) Wetumpka City Pages Wetumpka Public Library Jerry Armstrong's pictures of the Wetumpka impact crater Cities in Alabama Cities in Elmore County, Alabama County seats in Alabama Montgomery metropolitan area Populated places established in 1834 French-American culture in Alabama Lynching deaths in Alabama 1834 establishments in Alabama Alabama placenames of Native American origin
Meganaclia sippia is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Plötz in 1880. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Uganda. The larvae are reported to be polyphagous. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog Syntomini Moths described in 1880 Erebid moths of Africa
Witold Kulik (born 4 August 1957) is a former Polish football player and manager, and current member of the Pruszcz Gdański council. Career Kulik played for Stoczniowiec Gdańsk during his professional career, and also managed Stoczniowiec, then known as Polonia Gdańsk, for the 1994–95 season. As manager he led Polonia to the III liga title, finishing ten points clear of second place Elana Toruń with the team scoring 99 goals in the league. Decpite winning the league, Kulik was not kept as the manager for the following season. In 1998–99 Stanisław Stachura served as the manager of the Lechia Gdańsk first team. Stachura chose Kulik to be the second manager, they worked alongside each other as joint first team managers of Lechia for the 1998–99 season. After a disappointing season, both Kulik and Stachura lost their jobs. After football After football Kulik went into politics, and has been on the Pruszcz Gdański council since 2010. Kulik has been the owner of a goods shop called "Ewelina" in Pruszcz Gdański since 1995. Honours Polonia Gdańsk III liga (Gdańsk group) 1994–95 References Living people 1957 births Polish men's footballers SKS Stoczniowiec Gdańsk players Polish football managers Lechia Gdańsk managers Men's association football players not categorized by position Place of birth missing (living people)
William Ekron Bowman Jr. (September 22, 1931 – February 7, 2008) was a professional American football player who played fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions and the Pittsburgh Steelers. References External links 1931 births 2008 deaths Players of American football from Birmingham, Alabama American football fullbacks William & Mary Tribe football players William & Mary Tribe men's basketball players Detroit Lions players Pittsburgh Steelers players San Francisco 49ers players American men's basketball players
```xml /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type / / eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any / import as React from 'react'; import { useAtomValue } from 'jotai'; import { IconButton, ScrollablePane, ScrollbarVisibility, Text, } from 'office-ui-fabric-react'; import { Stack } from 'office-ui-fabric-react/lib/Stack'; import { globalState } from '../../jotai/atoms'; import { IFlightTrackerListItem } from '../../models'; import { FlightTrackerListItem, } from '../FlightTrackerList/FlightTrackerListItem'; import { FlightTrackerNoData } from '../FlightTrackerList/FlightTrackerNoData'; import { useFlightTrackerStyles, } from '../FlightTrackerList/useFlightTrackerStyles'; export interface IShowListProps { listItems: IFlightTrackerListItem[]; showList: boolean; onScroll: () => Promise<void>; onRefresh: () => Promise<void>; } export const ShowList: React.FunctionComponent<IShowListProps> = (props: React.PropsWithChildren<IShowListProps>) => { const { listItems, showList, onScroll, onRefresh } = props; const { noDataContainerStyles, listHeaderStyles, scollableContainerStyles, stackContainerStyles, } = useFlightTrackerStyles(); const appState =useAtomValue(globalState); const { selectedAirPort, selectedInformationType, } = appState; const scrollablePaneRef: any = React.createRef<HTMLDivElement>(); const [isScrolling, setIsScrolling] = React.useState<boolean>(false); const listHeader = React.useMemo(() => { if (selectedAirPort?.municipality) { return `${selectedAirPort?.municipality}, ${selectedAirPort?.name} - ${selectedInformationType}`; } else { return `${selectedAirPort?.name} - ${selectedInformationType}`; } }, [selectedAirPort, selectedInformationType]); const getScrollPosition = React.useCallback((divContainerRef: any) => { const { scrollTop, scrollHeight, clientHeight } = divContainerRef; const percentNow = (scrollTop / (scrollHeight - clientHeight)) * 100; return percentNow; }, []); const onScrollList = React.useCallback(async () => { if (isScrolling) { return; } setIsScrolling(true); const scrollPosition = getScrollPosition(scrollablePaneRef.current.contentContainer); if (scrollPosition > 90) { await onScroll(); } setIsScrolling(false); }, [onScroll, isScrolling, getScrollPosition, scrollablePaneRef]); if (!showList) { return null; } return ( <> <Stack tokens={{ childrenGap: 25 }} styles={stackContainerStyles}> <Stack verticalAlign="center" horizontal horizontalAlign="space-between"> <Text styles={listHeaderStyles} variant="large"> {listHeader} </Text> <Stack style={{ paddingRight: 20 }}> <IconButton iconProps={{ iconName: "Refresh" }} title="Refresh" ariaLabel="Refresh" onClick={async (ev) => { ev.preventDefault(); await onRefresh(); }} /> </Stack> </Stack> <ScrollablePane scrollbarVisibility={ScrollbarVisibility.auto} styles={scollableContainerStyles} onScroll={onScrollList} componentRef={scrollablePaneRef} > {listItems && listItems.length ? ( listItems.map((item, index) => { return ( <FlightTrackerListItem key={index} flights={item} flightInformationType={selectedInformationType} /> ); }) ) : ( <Stack horizontalAlign="center" verticalAlign="center" styles={noDataContainerStyles}> <FlightTrackerNoData /> </Stack> )} </ScrollablePane> </Stack> </> ); }; ```
Ian Mackersey (14 October 1925 – 28 April 2015) was a New Zealand documentarian and author, who specialised in aviation history. Biography Mackersey's professional career began in New Zealand where he worked as newspaper reporter. He then worked in London, UK, before spending time in Hong Kong, and Rhodesia, before returning to London. In 1983 Mackersey returned to New Zealand, settling in Auckland, and worked to produce television documentaries and to write biographies. He had published biographies on Tom Holt, Jean Batten, Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, and on the Wright brothers. Publications Non-fiction Fiction References External links Ian Mackersey - Biographer and Film Maker 1925 births 2015 deaths Aviation historians New Zealand historians People from Auckland New Zealand non-fiction writers
Malissard (; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France. Population See also Communes of the Drôme department References Communes of Drôme
Auraha is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 5,392 people living in 809 individual households. References Populated places in Parsa District
Marcos Antônio Senna da Silva (born 17 July 1976), known as Senna, is a retired professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He was mainly known for his passing range and long-range shooting and was also a penalty specialist. He spent most of his professional career in Spain with Villarreal, appearing in 363 official matches during 11 seasons, 10 of which were in La Liga (33 goals scored). He ended his career with the New York Cosmos, with whom he twice won the Soccer Bowl. Born in Brazil, Senna represented the Spain national team during a four-year spell, appearing at the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2008, and winning the latter tournament as starter. Club career Villarreal Born in São Paulo, Senna began his career with Rio Branco Esporte Clube. After playing for a number of Brazilian clubs early in his career he moved to Spanish side Villarreal CF in 2002, from Associação Desportiva São Caetano. He only made 25 La Liga appearances in his first two seasons combined, however this was mainly due to a serious knee injury he picked up in August 2003. However, after recovering from his injury he became an undisputed starter, helping the club reach as far as the UEFA Champions League semi-finals in 2005–06; eventually, he also gained the club captaincy. In the summer of 2006, Senna almost joined Manchester United: he had one year left on his contract, and Villarreal were prepared to sell him for a fee of around £4 million. However, the deal was put on hold while United pursued Owen Hargreaves, but FC Bayern Munich refused to sell their player and, when United returned with a bid for Senna on transfer deadline day, Villarreal rejected their advances; he had become frustrated with the delays to his proposed move and decided to stay at Villarreal, signing a three-year extension shortly after the transfer window closed. On 27 April 2008, Senna scored a goal from inside the centre circle against Real Betis that he deemed "the best goal of my life". That season, as the player netted a further three times in a total of 33 matches, Villarreal finished a club-best second, to champions Real Madrid. After nearly two seasons marred with physical problems, 35-year-old Senna returned to full fitness for 2011–12, as the Valencian Community side's playmaker. On 21 March 2012, he scored from a free kick for the 83rd-minute home equaliser against Real Madrid (1–1), but his team would be eventually relegated after a twelve-year stay in the top level. New York Cosmos On 13 June 2013, after helping Villarreal return to the top flight, Senna signed with newly formed North American Soccer League club New York Cosmos for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut in the team's inaugural match on 3 August, a 2–1 win over the Fort Lauderdale Strikers, and scored his first goal on 1 September in a 1–1 draw at FC Edmonton. In his first year with the team he was named the league's player of the week on two occasions, and also helped to wins in the NASL Fall Championship and the Soccer Bowl, scoring the game-winner in the final championship match against the Atlanta Silverbacks. On 13 November 2013, Senna was awarded a testimonial match by Villarreal, featuring in a 3–0 win over the Cosmos: he started the game and set up Jérémy Perbet for the first goal. In his honour, the crowd broke out in a full minute of applause that started in the 19th minute (the jersey he wore), and he played the second half with the North American before leaving the pitch with 20 minutes to go to another standing ovation. Senna netted his first goal of the season on 12 May 2014, scoring the game-winner in a 1–0 home win over the Spring season champions Minnesota United FC, who were handed their only loss in the competition. His second came on 9 August, as he connected on a spectacular second half free kick to help the Cosmos come from behind to win it 2–1 at the Silverbacks; he helped the club to the third position in the combined standings as well as a berth in The Championship, being nominated to the NASL Team of the Week four times, second best in the squad. On 10 June 2015, one month shy of his 39th birthday, Senna announced he would retire as a player at the end of the Fall season. His final game was the Soccer Bowl on 15 November, which his team won 3–2 against Ottawa Fury FC, also the swansong of his national teammate Raúl. International career Senna was granted Spanish citizenship in early 2006 and was part of the Spanish squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2008. His debut came on 1 March in a friendly match with Ivory Coast, played in Valladolid. In the quarter-finals of the latter competition, Senna scored the third of Spain's four converted penalties, which resulted in the nation progressing to the semifinals at the expense of Italy, winning 4–2 in the shootout. He played the full duration of the final – a 1–0 win over Germany – and was named in UEFA's squad for the competition. Some pundits and journalists also named Senna as their player of the tournament. Senna's first international goal came against Armenia on 10 September 2008, a 4–0 win in the 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign. On 20 May 2010, after an irregular season with Villarreal, with several physical problems, the 33-year-old was left out of Spain's final 23-man squad, with FC Barcelona's Sergio Busquets starting in his place as the national team went on to win the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Personal life Senna's younger brother, Márcio, was also a footballer. Marcos Assunção, who represented A.S. Roma and Betis amongst other clubs, is his cousin, and both were also midfielders. Senna is a Christian, and he spoke about his faith in the documentary "The Prize: Chasing the Dream", along with Kaká. He is also a member of the International Christian ministry Athletes in Action. Along with Raúl Albiol and Guillermo Franco, in 2008 Senna founded Evangélico FC, an organisation consisting of 140 athletes and 16 coaches which sought to promote Christian values among young athletes in Spain. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Senna goal. Honours São Caetano Copa Libertadores runner-up: 2002 Corinthians Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1999 Campeonato Paulista: 1999, 2001 Copa Libertadores semi-final: 2000 FIFA Club World Cup: 2000 Villarreal UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2003, 2004 La Liga runner-up: 2007-08 Segunda División runner-up: 2012-13 UEFA Champions League semi-final: 2005-06 New York Cosmos North American Soccer League: 2013 Fall Championship, 2015 Spring Championship Soccer Bowl: 2013, 2015 North American Supporters' Trophy: 2015 Spain UEFA European Championship: 2008 Individual UEFA European Championship: Team of the tournament 2008 Don Balón Award – Spanish Player of the Year: 2008 See also List of Spain international footballers born outside Spain References External links 1976 births Living people Brazilian emigrants to Spain Naturalised citizens of Spain Brazilian Christians Spanish Christians Footballers from São Paulo Brazilian men's footballers Spanish men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Rio Branco Esporte Clube players América Futebol Clube (SP) players Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players Esporte Clube Juventude players Associação Desportiva São Caetano players La Liga players Segunda División players Villarreal CF players North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players New York Cosmos (2010) players Spain men's international footballers 2006 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Euro 2008 players UEFA European Championship-winning players Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Spanish expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Spanish expatriate sportspeople in the United States Naturalised association football players
Kalissaye Avifaunal Reserve (KAR) is a small nature reserve in Senegal, located at the mouth of Kalissaye Pond in the middle of the Casamance River. Like Basse Casamance National Park 35 km away, KAR is currently closed due to the Casamance Conflict. Flora On the small sandy islands making up the reserve, vegetation consists mainly of Ipomoea pes-caprae, Sporobolus spicatus, and Alternanthera maritima. Fauna The reserve was created in 1978 to protect sea turtle and seabird colonies. There were more than 10,000 Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) in the reserve during the 1980s, and there are also many royal terns (Thalasseus maximus) and great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus). Several sea turtle species are quite populous, including loggerheads (Caretta caretta) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas). The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and the African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis) are also observed in the area. Climate change In 2022, the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report included Kalissaye Avifaunal Reserve in the list of African natural heritage sites which would be threatened by flooding and coastal erosion by the end of the century, but only if climate change followed RCP 8.5, which is the scenario of high and continually increasing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the warming of over 4°C., and is no longer considered very likely. The other, more plausible scenarios result in lower warming levels and consequently lower sea level rise: yet, sea levels would continue to increase for about 10,000 years under all of them. Even if the warming is limited to 1.5°C, global sea level rise is still expected to exceed after 2000 years (and higher warming levels will see larger increases by then), consequently exceeding 2100 levels of sea level rise under RCP 8.5 (~ with a range of ) well before the year 4000. See also List of national parks and nature reserves of Senegal Environment of Senegal References External links Kalissaye Avifaunal Reserve World Database on Protected Areas Official website Wetlands International Nature reserves in Senegal Ramsar sites in Senegal
Akita Prefectural Central Park () is a group of sports facilities in Yuwa, Akita, Akita, Japan. Facilities Akita Sky Dome The dome is the practice facility for the Blaublitz Akita. Prefectural Training Center Arena & Lodge Stadiums Ball parks Baseball field Tennis courts (20, Artificial turf) Archery range Training center Cross-country skiing course Barbecue square Camping site Gallery References External links 2001 World Games Athletics (track and field) venues in Japan Baseball venues in Japan Blaublitz Akita Buildings and structures in Akita (city) Football venues in Japan Saruta Kogyo SC Sports venues in Akita Prefecture Buildings and structures completed in 1983 Sports venues completed in 1983 Tennis venues in Japan 1983 establishments in Japan
The orbitofrontal artery is one of the branches of the anterior cerebral artery, that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The orbitofrontal artery is usually the first cortical branch of the A2 segment, arising from the subcallosal segment to supply the inferior and inferomedial surfaces of the frontal lobe including the gyri recti. References Arteries of the head and neck
Multi-standard television sets were made for use in the television industry, so that one TV set or monitor could show video content from other television systems. Multistandard is only used with analogue television. In digital television, there are different standards, like DVB, ISDB, and ATSC. However digital multistandard tv set are not existing. Multistandard devices in digital TV may be PC extension card. Phillips produced a valve TV set that could receive most 625 line and 819 line television systems. In the United Kingdom, there were quite a number of TV sets produced that were capable of receiving both monochrome 405 line and 625 line PAL I broadcasts. These sets usually had a large relay or relays that would switch the circuits, through manual control. The USSR and PAL in SECAM countries In the mid-1980s The Soviet Union implemented a program, in which it would be mandatory for new colour TV sets sold to include PAL also, in view to migrating to PAL. That is why an Australian video tape will play in colour on a Russian TV set. Eventually it became the standard practice for all SECAM TV sets made to also accept PAL. This trend gradually propagated throughout SECAM countries, including France itself. NTSC playback in PAL countries In order to be able to watch American video tapes, the people of Europe started to buy video recorders that would play back an NTSC video tape and convert the colour component of the video content to PAL, whilst leaving the number of lines the same, and the field rate, slightly slowed down in order to accommodate the exact 64 microsecond line length required for PAL. Newer TV sets would automatically accommodate the 60 Hertz vertical scan rate, and older TV sets needed a manual adjustment of the vertical hold. DVD players give the option of converting the whole signal to PAL standards complete with 50 Hertz scan rate. The results given by a modern DVD player can be quite pleasing when playing back an NTSC DVD. PAL playback in NTSC countries In the USA proper, the ability for an American TV set, or DVD player to play back a PAL DVD became widespread in the post Y2K period. By 2009 about 80% of DVD and TV setups in the United States could play a PAL DVD. So now a PAL DVD can be sold in the United States, without the need to issue the DVD, converted into NTSC. References Television technology
Swimming at the 1988 Summer Paralympics consisted of 257 events. Medal table Participating nations Medal summary Men's events Women's events References Swimming at the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games 1988 Summer Paralympics events 1988 Paralympics
The Brisson river is a tributary of the rivière aux Anglais flowing in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The Brisson river valley is mainly served by the English river path. The surface of the English River is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, except the rapids areas; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March. Geography The Brisson River rises on the Canadian Shield, at Lake Louis (length: ; altitude: ). This forest lake is surrounded by mountains. The mouth of the lake is located southwest of the mouth of the Brisson river, west of a curve in the Rivière des Anglais and northeast of a bay on the Manicouagan River. From the head lake, the course of the Brisson river descends on entirely in the forest zone, with a drop of , according to the following segments: north-west across Lake Philippe (length: ; altitude: ), to its mouth; north-west crossing lac Brisson (length: ; altitude: ), to its mouth; first towards the north by crossing a small lake, then towards the south-east by crossing Lake Thérèse (length: ; altitude: ) which is located in a deep valley and collects the Gagnon stream (coming from the northwest), to its mouth; towards the south-east in a deep valley, crossing three small lakes, until the dam located at a discharge (coming from the north-west) of three lakes; towards the south-east in a deep valley which opens onto a forest plain at the end of the segment, until its mouth which pours out on the west bank of the Baie des Anglais, on the north shore of the estuary of Saint Lawrence. The Brisson river flows on the north bank of the intermediate course of the English river, in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes. This confluence is located in an area of rapids downstream from the confluence of the Tremblay River. From the confluence of the Brisson river, the current descends the course of the English river of . Toponym The term "Brisson" is a family name of French origin. The toponym "Brisson river" was formalized on August 2, 1974, at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec. See also List of rivers of Quebec References Further reading . Rivers of Côte-Nord Manicouagan Regional County Municipality
Piggott School District is a public school district based in Piggott, Arkansas, United States. The school district encompasses of land, including portions of Clay County and serving communities such as Piggott, Pollard, Nimmons, and Saint Francis. The district proves comprehensive education for more than 1,000 pre-kindergarten through grade 12 students and is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and AdvancED. Schools Piggott High School, located in Piggott and serving more than 450 students in grades 7 through 12. Piggott Elementary School, located in Piggott and serving more than 500 students in pre-kindergarten through grade 6. References External links School districts in Arkansas Education in Clay County, Arkansas
Heliophorus oda, the eastern blue sapphire, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. See also List of butterflies of India List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae) References Heliophorus Butterflies of Asia Butterflies described in 1865 Taxa named by William Chapman Hewitson
Sun Fuming (; born 14 April 1974, in Xifeng, Tieling, Liaoning) is a female Chinese judoka who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics. She won the gold medal in the heavyweight (+72 kg) class in 1996. In 2000 she was unable to achieve another Olympic medal due to her injury. References External links 1974 births Living people Judoka at the 1996 Summer Olympics Judoka at the 2004 Summer Olympics Olympic bronze medalists for China Olympic gold medalists for China Olympic judoka for China People from Tieling Olympic medalists in judo Asian Games medalists in judo Sportspeople from Liaoning Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics Judoka at the 2002 Asian Games Chinese female judoka Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics Asian Games gold medalists for China Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games Universiade medalists in judo Manchu sportspeople Universiade bronze medalists for China
Eosentomon mogadishense is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Africa. References Eosentomon Articles created by Qbugbot Animals described in 1985
Thomas Sullivan (March 1, 1860 – April 12, 1947) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Columbus Buckeyes, Louisville Colonels and Kansas City Cowboys in the American Association from 1884 to 1889. External links Career statistics and bio at Baseball-Reference 1860 births 1947 deaths Columbus Buckeyes players Louisville Colonels players Kansas City Cowboys players 19th-century baseball players Atlanta Atlantas players Charleston Seagulls players Topeka Capitals players Topeka Golden Giants players Birmingham Barons players Birmingham Maroons players Baseball players from New York (state)
Richard P. Condie (July 5, 1898 – December 22, 1985) was the conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir in Salt Lake City, Utah from 1957 to 1974. Condie was a graduate of Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1923 and the New England Conservatory of Music in 1928 and became assistant conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir in 1937. Condie taught at the McCune School of Music in Salt Lake City, at BYU in Provo, Utah, Utah State University in Logan Utah and at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. After he became director of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir he formed a relationship with Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra. Their most famous collaboration was the production of the Battle Hymn of the Republic in 1958 which won a Grammy Award. Condie Received an honorary doctor's degree from Brigham Young University in 1963, and another honorary doctor's degree from Utah State University in 1969. Notes References "New Conductors Appointed for Tabernacle Choir", Ensign, September 1974, pp. 94–95 Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History, (Arnold K. Garr, Donald Q. Cannon, Richard O. Cowan, and Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Deseret Book Company, Salt Lake City, November 2000) Further reading . 1898 births 1985 deaths 20th-century American conductors (music) American choral conductors American male conductors (music) Brigham Young University alumni Brigham Young University faculty Latter Day Saints from Utah New England Conservatory alumni Tabernacle Choir music directors University of Utah faculty Utah State University faculty 20th-century male musicians
Nemanja Milošević (; born 18 August 1996) is a Serbian football midfielder who plays for Radnički Pirot. References External links Nemanja Milošević stats at utakmica.rs 1996 births Living people Sportspeople from Leskovac Men's association football midfielders Serbian men's footballers FK Jagodina players FK Radnički Pirot players Serbian SuperLiga players
Mazrah () is a village in Zu ol Faqr Rural District, Sarshiv District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 196, in 36 families. The village is populated by Kurds. References Towns and villages in Saqqez County Kurdish settlements in Kurdistan Province
Utaka is the term used for open water-dwelling cichlids found in Lake Malawi, the most diverse source of cichlids in the world of aquaria. Among others, they comprise all the members of the genera Copadichromis and Mchenga. They are the opposite niche from the mbuna, the more common type of Malawi cichlid that dwells among rocks along the lake's fringes and bottom. Unlike mbuna, which are generally colorful from birth, utaka tend to be very neutral in color -- mostly greys -- until they reach adulthood, because their free-swimming nature leaves them more vulnerable to predation. They are highly sexually dimorphic; the females of the genre tend to remain bland in coloration, while the males often become spectacularly colorful, leading to common names like "peacock cichlid." References See also List of freshwater aquarium fish species Cichlid fish of Africa Fish of Lake Malawi Fish common names
At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque () is a historical novel by Anatole France, written in 1892 and published the next year. The novel tells of the tribulations of the young Jacques Ménétrier at the beginning of the 18th century. Its most important source is the 17th-century occult text Comte de Gabalis. Summary Jacques Ménétrier is the son of Léonard Ménétrier, leader of a brotherhood of roast-meat sellers. Somewhat educated by Brother Ange, a dissolute capucin, Jacques replaces the dog Miraut in his job of turning the spit on which the chickens roast. He is soon taken under the protection of Mr. Jérôme Coignard, an abbot, who rebaptises him "the learned Jacobus Tournebroche" and teaches him Latin and Greek. The two of them are hired by Mr. d'Astarac, an alchemist researching salamanders and sylphs in the works of ancient authors. The rants of d'Astarac, the debauchery of Mr. d'Anquetil, and the vengeance of the uncle of the beautiful Jahel result in the happiness destined for the master and student, Jérôme and Jacques. Adaptations Composer Charles-Gaston Levadé adapted the novel into a four-act lyric comic opera in 1934. Tenor Jean Marny of the Opéra-Comique recorded an aria from the work, "Reverie de Jacques," on Pathé sapphire disc 3175. Traktér U královny Pedauky (1967) is a Czechoslovak television film directed by Zdeněk Kaloč, starring Josef Karlík, Leopold Franc, Libuše Geprtová, and Václav Postránecký. Running time 84 min. References External links 1893 French novels Novels by Anatole France French historical novels Fiction about alchemy
This is a list of compositions by Frederik Magle. Orchestra Concerto for organ and orchestra The infinite second (1994) Symphonic Lego Fantasia for piano and orchestra, commissioned by the Lego Group (1995–96) Rising of a new day (1998) Lys på din vej (Light on your path) – orchestral version (1999-2000) Cantabile, symphonic suite consisting of three symphonic poems for orchestra, choir, and soloists (2004–2009) Choir A Christmas child mini-musical for choir, flute, recorder, marimba, percussion, bass, and piano (arrangement by Niels Thybo, orchestration by Karsten Vogel, lyrics by Mimi Heinrich) (1987) We Are Afraid Cantata for choir, flute, clarinet, percussion, strings, piano, and organ (1988) Der Die Das, opera for 2 soloists and choir (by Hotel Pro Forma) (1993) Årstidernes sang for choir and organ (1995) A newborn child, before eternity, God! Christmas cantata, for brass band, choir, soloists, organ and percussion (1996) Cantata to Saint Cecilia for soloists, choir, children's choir, and chamber orchestra (1998) The Hope for brass band, choir, organ and percussion, written in memory of the battle of Copenhagen (2001) Phoenix for mixed choir and organ or piano four-hands (2003) Magnificat for soprano, mixed choir and organ (2010) Allehelgenmesse (All Hallows Mass) for soprano, choir, cello and organ (2011) The Halloween Present for chamber orchestra, choir, harpsichord, organ, and sound effects (2012) Songs and Hymns 30 hymns (1985) 20 songs based on fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen (1986–92) 2 songs, Cristopher Robin and Husmorens morgen with lyrics by Bent Friis Alsinger (1990) Alive – Anthem for the pregnant woman for soprano and piano (2012) Organ Fantasia for pipe organ No.1 in C Major (1988) Fantasia for organ No.2 The Ocean (1988) Fantasia for organ No.3 in E-flat minor The Gate (1989) Rhapsody for organ in c minor (1991) Symphony for organ No. 1 (1990) Festive Prelude for organ (1992) Toccata Impression for organ (1992) Symphony for organ No. 2 Let there be light (1993) "Ilden" from Elementerne (The Elements) (1995) Dåbspræludium (1999) Fantasia for organ Forårssol (1999) Antarktis for organ four-hands (1999) Menneskets Årtusind (Human's Millenium) (2000) Cantilena (2003) Viva Voce (2008) At Blive (To Become) (2009) Like a Flame, 22 pieces for organ (2009-2010) Piano Fantasia for piano i a-minor (1990) A small etude for piano (1991) 3 etudes for piano (1993) Flammer for Frihed (Flames for Freedom) (1998) Fantasie-Impromptu No. 17 (2002) Sunset for piano (2007) Chamber music Sonata for violin and organ Vox Humana (1989) Duo for violin and cello (1990) Duo for violin and piano A thought (1991) Sonata for cello and organ From the earth (1992) Fantasia for solo cello Sun Dance (1992) Lys på din vej (Light on your path) for organ and brass quintet, written for the christening of Prince Nikolai of Denmark (1999) Variations and theme Rejse i Tid (Journey in Time) for violin and piano (1999) Decet Dage og Nætter (Days and Nights) (1999) Intermezzo for brass quintet (2001) Kosmos for trumpet and organ (2001) Dåbens Pagt (Pact of the Baptism) for brass quintet, written for the christening of Prince Felix of Denmark (2002) The Fairest of Roses (Den Yndigste Rose), fanfare for two trumpets and organ (2017) Other Solo for violin Spring Dance (1989) Electronic ballet In the Universe (1992) Sonata for solo violin A Fairytale (1992) Handle with care – Life inside ballet. HD recording (tape) with song, synthesizers and sound effects (1995) The March of Joy for brass band (1996) En Anden Verden – Indgangen (Another World – The Entrance) for brass band (1997) Te Deum for brass band (2001) References Magle
The Practice of the 'One Country, Two Systems' Policy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region () is a white paper issued by the Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the practice of the "one country, two systems" policy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) on 10 June 2014 in the midst of public debate on the 2014 Hong Kong electoral reform and preparations for the Occupy Central movement by the pan-democracy camp. Peking University legal theorist Jiang Shigong has been cited by Apple Daily as an author of the report. Content The white paper provided a historical review over the design and implementation of One Country, Two Systems (OCTS). While the White Paper itself has no binding legal authority, it is regarded a significant statement of the Central Authorities on the framework of the OCTS policy. No Residual Powers The white paper is the first official policy document that the Central Authorities have released to provide response to the issue of residual powers. It stated that the scope of Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy is not inherent, but solely determined by the Central Authorities’ delegation of power. Thus, the White Paper concluded that there is no residual power for the HKSAR. Any power the Central Authorities did not explicitly authorize to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region through the Basic Law is retained by the Central Authorities. The white paper asserts that: Comprehensive Jurisdiction The white paper reasserts the "comprehensive jurisdiction" of Central Authorities over all of China, including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Paper provides no further explanation to the term. A speech made in 2017 by Zhang Dejiang, then-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, provided that the overall jurisdiction includes powers in eight aspects: to appoint the CE and principal authorities of the HKSAR government; to receive the appointment of CFA judges and the Chief Judge of the High Court; to manage diplomatic affairs related to the HKSAR; to build the People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison for defense duties; to exercise the power of interpreting the Basic Law; to exercise the power to make decisions on major issues; to exercise the power of approving and recording HKSAR legislations enacted; and to decide on implementations of national laws on the HKSAR. Patriots administering Hong Kong The white paper stresses that loving the country is the basic principle for Hong Kong's administrators, including: the chief executive; principal officials; members of the Executive Council; members of the Legislative Council; and judges of the courts at different levels and other judicial personnel. The white paper further states the responsibilities for administrators of Hong Kong: Foreign interference The Central Authorities have also stated its opinion on foreign interference over the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: Reception The white paper ignited a firestorm of criticism from various sectors in Hong Kong who worried that the Communist leadership was reneging on its pledges to abide by the “one country, two systems” policy that allows for a democratic, autonomous Hong Kong under Beijing’s rule. References External links Full Text: The Practice of the "One Country, Two Systems" Policy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2014 in China 2014 in Hong Kong White papers 2014 documents
Karnataka State Highway 3, commonly referred to as KA SH 3, is a normal state highway that runs north through Ramanagara, Bangalore Rural and Tumkur districts in the state of Karnataka, India. This state highway touches numerous cities and villages Viz.Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Magadi and Pavagada. The total length of the highway is 249 km. SH 3 intersects with NH 209 at Kanakapura Town. Kanakapura is located from 32 km from Hunasanahalli & 27 km from Ramanagara. Route description The route followed by this highway is Hunasanahalli – Kanakapura – Ramanagara – Magadi – Gudemaranahalli – Shivagange – Dobbaspete – Sompura -Koratagere – Madhugiri – Pavagada – Chikkahalli Major junctions National Highways NH 209 at Kanakapura NH 73 at Gudemaranahalli NH 48 and NH 207 at Dobbaspet NH69 at Madhugiri State Highways KA SH 92 at Kanakapura KA SH 3 at Kanakapura KA SH 17 and KA SH 94 at Ramanagara KA SH 85 at Magadi State Highway 94 (Karnataka) Connections Many villages, cities and towns in various districts are connected by this state highway. See also List of State Highways in Karnataka References State Highways in Karnataka Roads in Ramanagara district Roads in Bangalore Rural district Roads in Tumkur district Transport in Tumkur
The 2010 Australian federal election was held on Saturday, 21 August 2010 to elect members of the 43rd Parliament of Australia. The incumbent centre-left Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister Julia Gillard won a second term against the opposition centre-right Liberal Party of Australia led by Opposition Leader Tony Abbott and Coalition partner the National Party of Australia, led by Warren Truss, after Labor formed a minority government with the support of three independent MPs and one Australian Greens MP. Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election. Six crossbenchers held the balance of power. Greens MP Adam Bandt and independent MPs Andrew Wilkie, Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply. Independent MP Bob Katter and National Party of Western Australia MP Tony Crook declared their support for the Coalition on confidence and supply. The resulting 76–74 margin entitled Labor to form a minority government. The Prime Minister, government ministers and parliamentary secretaries were sworn in on 14 September 2010 by the Governor-General Quentin Bryce. In November 2011, Coalition MP and Deputy Speaker Peter Slipper replaced Labor MP Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the House of Representatives, increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 76–74 to 77–73. In the 76-seat Senate, the Greens won one seat in each of the six states, gaining the sole balance of power with a total of nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon. The Coalition was reduced from 37 to 34 and Labor was reduced from 32 to 31. The two remaining seats were occupied by Xenophon and Victoria's new Democratic Labor Party Senator John Madigan. Family First Party Senator Steve Fielding was defeated. These changes took effect in the Senate on 1 July 2011. More than 13 million Australians were enrolled to vote at the time of the election. Australia has compulsory voting (since 1925) and uses preferential ballot (since 1919) in single-member seats for the House of Representatives and single transferable vote (since 1949) with optional group voting tickets (since 1984) in the proportionally represented Senate. The election was conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC). Prior to the Labor party's win in the 2022 Australian federal election, this was the most recent federal contest in which Labor formed government. It remains the most recent election in which the leader of the party forming government represented a division outside New South Wales. Background Key dates Announcement of election: Saturday 17 July Prorogation of 42nd Parliament: 4.59 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST Dissolution of House of Representatives: 5 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST Issue of electoral writs: Monday 19 July Close of rolls (if not currently on roll): 8 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST Close of rolls (if currently on roll and updating details): 8 p.m., Thursday 22 July AEST Close of nominations: 12 noon, Thursday 29 July AEST Declaration of nominations: 12 noon, Friday 30 July AEST Polling day: Saturday 21 August Return of writs (latest date): Wednesday 27 October House of Representatives The Labor Party, led by Julia Gillard, and the Liberal Party, led by Tony Abbott, were the predominant parties to contest the election. The smaller National Party led by Warren Truss is in a coalition with the Liberal Party. Following the 2007 federal election, the 150-member Australian House of Representatives consisted of 83 Labor-held seats, 65 Coalition seats (55 Liberal and 10 National), and two seats held by independents. The Australian Greens won 8 per cent of the 2007 vote, and the Family First Party won 2 per cent, with the Greens winning 1 seat in the lower house. The coalition total was reduced to 64 seats when Rob Oakeshott, former state Nationals turned independent MP, won the seat of Lyne at the September 2008 Lyne by-election, resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Nationals leader Mark Vaile. The April 2008 Gippsland by-election, resulting from the resignation of the former Howard minister and Nationals MP Peter McGauran, saw the Nationals' Darren Chester retain the seat, receiving a swing of 6%. The Liberals suffered a swing in the September 2008 Mayo by-election resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Liberal leader Alexander Downer, and came close to losing the seat to the Greens candidate. The Liberals retained seats at the Bradfield and Higgins by-elections in December 2009. The member for Ryan, Michael Johnson, was expelled from the Liberal National Party on 20 May 2010, reducing the Coalition to 63 seats. Redistributions Since the previous national election in 2007 there were a number of redistributions. These realignments of electorate boundaries are regularly undertaken by the Australian Electoral Commission and they maintain similar voter numbers in each electorate. They saw Labor's notional number of seats increase to 88 with the coalition's notional number decreased to 59, with independents in three. The swing required by the opposition to win majority government had decreased by approximately 0.1 percent. The redistribution of electoral divisions for Western Australia made the Liberal held Swan notionally Labor, and vastly changed Kalgoorlie and O'Connor, with the former being safer for the Liberals, and the latter becoming more marginal. Kalgoorlie was also renamed Durack. The redistribution also damaged the WA Nationals' chances of a House of Representatives seat. Tasmania was also redistributed but, while there were some changes to boundaries, little changed in terms of seat margins. New South Wales lost a seat to Queensland due to population changes for the second election in a row. The Labor Party suggested the abolition of the marginal Liberal seat of Macarthur, while the Liberal Party suggested that Liberal-held Hume and National-held Riverina be merged to create a new seat called "Bradman" in honour of Sir Donald Bradman. The National Party suggested the abolition of the Labor-held city seat of Banks. The draft New South Wales redistribution, published in August 2009, proposed that Reid be abolished and that Lowe be renamed "McMahon" in honour of former Prime Minister Sir William McMahon. In response to widespread criticism of the abolition of the name "Reid", the finalised redistribution, published in October 2009, instead had Lowe renamed "Reid" and Prospect replaced with McMahon. Boundary changes also resulted in the Liberal seats of Macarthur, Greenway and Gilmore becoming notionally Labor-held, with major changes to other seats, including Calare, Parkes and Macquarie. In Queensland, the seat of Wright was created as a Liberal-held seat based on the Gold Coast hinterland. The redistribution saw the status of Blair change from marginal Labor to a safe Labor seat. The status of marginal Liberal seats Dickson and Herbert also changed to marginal Labor seats. A redistribution for Victoria commenced in 2010, but was not finalised before the election was called. Senate In the 76-member Australian Senate, from July 2008 to June 2011, the Labor and Liberal parties hold 32 seats each, and the Liberals' coalition partner, the National Party (including one CLP), five seats. The balance of power rests with the crossbench, consisting of: 5 Australian Greens 1 Family First, Steve Fielding 1 Independent, Nick Xenophon For a majority, the government requires an additional seven votes from non-Labor senators. If the Liberal Party chooses to vote with the Labor Party, support from the crossbench is not required. Senate terms expiring Forty seats in the Senate were up for election: 36 senators representing the six states; each state elected half of its 12 Senate seats. The six-year terms of these 36 senators will start on 1 July 2011; the terms of the existing senators representing the states will end on 30 June 2011. 4 territory senators: the ACT and the NT each elected two senators, whose terms started on election day and will expire the day before the next election for the House of Representatives. The party composition of these 40 senators whose terms will expire is: Liberal: 18 (14 ongoing, to expire 30 June 2014) National: 2 (3 ongoing) CLP: 1 (0 ongoing) ALP: 16 (16 ongoing) Green: 2 (3 ongoing) Family First: 1 (0 ongoing) Independent Nick Xenophon: 0 (1 ongoing) These seats are listed in order of election for the six states and two territories: House of Representatives opinion polling Newspoll The election-eve Newspoll of over 2000 voters reported Labor on a 50.2 percent two-party-preferred vote. A post-election Newspoll taken 27–29 August 2010 of 1134 voters revealed 47 percent wanted a Gillard Labor government, to 39 percent for an Abbott Coalition government, while 14 percent were uncommitted. There was no difference between male and female voters. Ages 18–34 and 34–49 were even stronger for Labor, while those above 50 bucked the trend preferring the Coalition 45 percent to 40 percent. Poll of 28,000 A JWS Research "mega-poll" was conducted by robocall late in the campaign and published by Fairfax. It polled an Australian record of 22,000 voters in 54 marginal seats and a further 6,000 in safe seats. It revealed a national two-party-preferred vote for Labor of 51.6 percent. Losses in Queensland and New South Wales were offset by the gains of Dunkley, McEwen (both 57 percent for Labor), and Cowper and Boothby (both 54 percent for Labor), finishing with a total of 79 Labor, 68 coalition, 3 independent. Two-party-preferred vote The graph shows a timeline of the estimates by three main polling companies – Roy Morgan (green), Nielsen (blue), and Newspoll (red) – of the two-party-preferred vote for Labor from January 2008 to 20 July 2010. The pink dot on the left side represents the actual 2PP vote for Labor in the November 2007 election. Primary vote The graph shows a timeline of Newspoll's estimates of the primary vote for Labor (red), the Coalition (blue), the Greens (green), and other parties or independent candidates (magenta) from 2007 to 2010. The four dots on the left side represent the actual vote for each party in the November 2007 election. Newspoll leader ratings Newspaper endorsements Australian newspapers International and foreign press Candidates and seats Results House of Representatives Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, a loss of eleven and a gain of seven respectively. Labor retained a majority of seats in a majority of states against the Coalition − New South Wales (26 to 20), Victoria (22 to 14), South Australia (6 to 5), and Tasmania (4 to 0), but fell sharply in Queensland (8 to 21) with a pre-existing minority in Western Australia (3 to 11). Labor won their largest two-party preferred vote in Victoria and Tasmania since official two-party records began in 1949, and in South Australia, their fourth-largest. On the crossbench, one member of the Australian Greens, one member of the National Party of Western Australia and four independent members held the balance of power. After gaining the support of four crossbenchers Labor was able to form a minority government. On the crossbenches: Adam Bandt won the first seat for the Greens at a general election in the seat of Melbourne. He had previously announced he would align with Labor in the event of a hung parliament. On 1 September the Greens declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply. Andrew Wilkie, a former Greens candidate and now independent, was elected as the Member for Denison. On 2 September 2010 he declared his support for Labor on confidence and supply. Tony Crook won the seat of O'Connor for the National Party of Western Australia, defeating Liberal Party incumbent Wilson Tuckey. There was dispute over affiliation, with some classing Crook as a member of the Coalition and including him in their Coalition totals. The WA National Party subsequently issued a statement saying in part, "The Nationals WA as an independent political party are not bound by the rules of a coalition agreement". Crook says, "In every news report and press report we see, my number is being allocated in with the Coalition and it shouldn't be". The National Party of Western Australia prior to and for more than 20 months subsequent to the election were in no federal Coalition agreement, Crook stated he was a crossbencher, and that he and the WA Nationals were open to negotiating with either side to form government. On 6 September Crook declared his support for the Coalition on confidence and supply, but would otherwise sit on the crossbenches. On 6 May 2012, it was announced that Crook would join the Nationals party room and be formally part of the Coalition. Bob Katter, Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott, all independents, were re-elected. Both Katter and Windsor were successful at previous elections, while Oakeshott was elected at the 2008 Lyne by-election. All are former members of the National Party, a minor party in the Coalition. However, all three said they would be open to negotiating with either side to form government. They said they would engage in discussion as a bloc but vote individually. On 7 September, Katter declared his support for the Coalition on confidence and supply. Later that day, Windsor and Oakeshott declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply. A year after the election, The Age summarised the collective positions of the crossbenchers as one of "no regrets". On 24 November 2011, the Coalition's Peter Slipper replaced Labor's Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 75–74 to 76–73. On 21 January 2012 Andrew Wilkie withdrew his support for Labor, changing the majority to 75–73. Senate The Senate has 76 seats. Forty seats were up for election; six in each of the six states and two in each of the two territories. The terms of the four senators from the territories commenced on election day, all other terms took effect from 1 July 2011. The Coalition holds 34 seats and Labor holds 31 seats, with the balance of power shifting solely to the Australian Greens with nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon. The Labor government required the support of at least eight non-Labor Senators to pass legislation. Labor and the Coalition incurred swings against them in votes and seats. The Greens received a four percent swing and won a seat in each of the six states at the election, a first for an Australian minor party. John Madigan (Victoria) of the Democratic Labor Party won a seat, while Steve Fielding (Victoria) of the Family First Party lost his seat. Xenophon was not required to stand at this election but will be up for re-election at the next. Minor parties not winning a seat but receiving a notable swing include the Australian Sex Party (+2.0), the Liberal Democratic Party (+1.7) and the Shooters and Fishers Party (+1.4). Seats changing hands Members listed in italics did not re-contest their House of Representatives seats at this election. Six notional boundary redistributed seats were contested at this election. Based on booths contested at the previous election, the seats redistributed by the AEC from being marginal Coalition seats to marginal Labor seats – Dickson, Gilmore, Herbert, Macarthur and Swan – were all retained by the Coalition. Greenway was redistributed to become a marginal to fairly safe Labor seat, and was retained by Labor. See also Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2010–2013 Members of the Australian Senate, 2011–2014 Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives List of political parties in Australia National Tally Room Second Gillard Ministry Notes References External links Australian Electoral Commission The Green Guide—Antony Green's Guide to the 2010 Federal Election (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) 2010 elections in Australia Federal elections in Australia August 2010 events in Australia
Leśniewo Dolne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudusk, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Grudusk, north of Ciechanów, and north of Warsaw. References Villages in Ciechanów County
German psychologist William Stern invented the tone variator in 1897 to study human sensitivity to changes in pitch, going beyond the traditional psychophysical research of studying the sensitivity to differences in discrete tones. The instrument consists of an adjustable brass resonator, which is supplied with a constant flow of air across the opening at the top. Turning a graduated cam on the front of the apparatus raises or lowers a piston in the bottom of the resonator, changing the volume of its interior, thus altering the sounded pitch over a continuous range. The spiral-shaped cam is such that equal angles of rotation approximately correspond to equal changes in frequency. A dial on the front of the cam indicates the current resonance frequency and musical tone of the instrument. Subsequent improvements to the device include the addition by G. M. Whipple of a gasometer, in order to regulate the incoming air supply. A version of the device was also produced in which the bottom of the resonator was not displaced by a spiral, but by rack and pinion (see figure); in these, an eccentrically-operated pointer is used to indicate the frequency on the scale. The instrument has been used in demonstrations, for tuning other instruments, and for research in psychology and otology. According to Stern, his research in the "apperception of change" began a "decisive metamorphosis" in his understanding: See also Variator Medicine and Health Audiology Tuning fork Cavity resonator External articles and further reading General references "Tone variator". Brass Instrument Psychology. University of Toronto. URL accessed 2006-07-01. Kohl, Max. Physical Apparatus / Vol. II. Apparatus and Supplies for General Use. Introduction to Physics. Mechanics. Wave Theory. Acoustics. Optics. Heat. Meteorology. Cosmology. Chemnitz, Germany. p 446. Publications W. Stern, Autobiographical Essay in A History of Psychology in Autobiography, Murchinson, Carl (ed.) Vol. 1. Worcester, Mass: Clark University Press. Rand Evans, "The Just Noticeable Difference: Psychophysical instrumentation and the determination of sensory thresholds". Proceedings of the Eleventh International Scientific Instrument Symposium, Bologna University, Italy, 9–14 September 1991. Titchener, "Experimental Psychology, a Manual of Experimental Practice: Volume II", Quantitative Experiments, Part II. Instructor's Manual. New York: MacMillan. p. 139. G. M. Whipple, "An analytic study of the memory image and the process of judgment in the discrimination of clangs and tones". American Journal of Psychology, vol. 12, pp. 409–457; vol. 13, pp. 219–268. Guy Montrose Whipple, "Studies in pitch discrimination". American Journal of Psychology, Volume 14, pages 289–309, 1903 RF Wyatt, "A New Instrument for Measuring Pitch Discrimination". The American Journal of Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 2, 1936. Pg 335. Websites "Virtual Laboratory of Psychology: Instruments: Stern Variator". fh-potsdam.de (ed. the viewer gives a rotating view of the image) "Tone variator". phys.cwru.edu. "Stern’s Tone variator, 1897". scienceandsociety.co.uk. Hearing Perception Psychology experiments
Thomas Smith-Stanley (c. 1753 – late 1779) was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1776 to 1779. Stanley was the son of James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He joined the army as a cornet in the 16th Light Dragoons in 1775, was promoted captain in the 17th Light Dragoons in 1776 and made major in the 79th Regiment of Foot (Royal Liverpool Volunteers) in 1777. Stanley was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Lancashire at a by-election on 26 March 1776. He went with his regiment to Jamaica in 1779, and died toward the end of that year. References 1753 births 1779 deaths 17th Lancers officers British MPs 1774–1780 Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge People educated at Eton College Military personnel from Lancashire Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Lancashire 16th The Queen's Lancers officers
Richard C. Koo (, ; ; born 1954) is a Taiwanese-American economist living in Japan specializing in balance sheet recessions. He is Chief Economist at the Nomura Research Institute. Early life and education Koo was born in Kobe. His father, Koo Kwang-ming, was an activist in the Taiwan independence movement then living in exile in Japan, and the brother of the prominent Taiwanese businessman Koo Chen-fu. Koo lived in Tokyo for 13 years in his youth, and later attended the University of California, Berkeley where he received a BA degree in Political Science and Government in 1976. He then proceeded to Johns Hopkins University for graduate school, where he received an MA degree in 1981. Career Upon graduation from Johns Hopkins University, Koo worked at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as an economist from 1981 to 1984. He then joined Nomura Holdings in 1984 as its first expatriate researcher and a senior economist from 1984 to 1997. He later became the chief economist at Nomura Research Institute starting in 1997. Landon Thomas wrote about Koo's analysis in late 2011 in The New York Times, saying that Koo's 2011 "causes, cure, and politics" publication "has gone viral on the Web". Thomas was discussing the divergence between the way the U.S. and British governments addressed their banking crises in the 2008-9 financial crisis and the way Europe was beginning to in late 2011. Publications (2008) The Holy Grail of Macroeconomics - Lessons from Japan’s Great Recession (John Wiley & Sons) (2011) "The world in balance sheet recession: causes, cure, and politics", Real-World Economics Review (issue no. 58), Nomura Research Institute, Tokyo. (2014) The Escape from Balance Sheet Recession and the QE Trap: A Hazardous Road for the World Economy (John Wiley & Sons) References External links Some of Koo's videos and links are below: Links Profile at the Institute for New Economic Thinking Videos at the Institute for New Economic Thinking's (INET) Paradigm Lost Conference in Berlin. April 14, 2012 Living people 1954 births Taiwanese people of Hoklo descent Hokkien businesspeople American people of Chinese descent American expatriates in Japan Koo family of Lukang Institute for New Economic Thinking Johns Hopkins University alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni Japanese economists 21st-century American economists Federal Reserve economists Nomura Holdings
Bolton Brook is a river in Delaware County, New York. It flows into the East Branch Delaware River northwest of East Branch. References Rivers of New York (state) Rivers of Delaware County, New York
Maginardo (fl. 1006–1032), called Aretino, was an Italian architect active in the Diocese of Arezzo during the episcopates of Elempert (986–1010), William (1010–1013), Adalbert (1014–1023), and Tedald (1023–1036), who called him arte architectonica optime erudito (Latin for "the most erudite in the architectural art"). Maginardo's career began in 1006–09, when he participated in the reconstruction of the eighth-century cathedral at Arezzo dedicated to Stephen the Protomartyr and the Virgin Mary. Maginardo's second great project was the addition of a chapel dedicated to Saint Donatus to the side of the cathedral. This building was finished in 1032 and dedicated on 12 November. In 1019 or 1026 Maginardo was sent to Ravenna by his bishop (probably Tedald) to study the Byzantine architecture of its monuments. He probably produced sketches of these monuments, but if so they do not survive. The result of his studies was a confluence of pre-romanesque styles: Aretine, Byzantine, and Lombard. This resulted in Maginardo's greatest work: the renovation of the old cathedral on the Pionta, a hill at the centre of Arezzo. This work lies in ruins today, since Cosimo I de' Medici ordered its destruction during his sack of 1561. References Conant, Kenneth John (1978). Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, 800 to 1200. Penguin Books. Stalley, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . 11th-century Italian architects Romanesque architects
Rajpur is a large village located in Raghunathpur Block in Siwan district in Bihar. It belongs to Saran Division. It is located 28 km towards South from District headquarters Siwan. 3 km from RaghunathPur. 114 km from State capital Patna. Rajpur Pin code is 841504 and postal head office is Raghunathpur (Siwan). As per the administration register, the village code of Rajpur is 232505. The village has 604 homes. This Place is in the border of the Siwan District and Ballia District. Ballia District Maniar is west towards this place. It is near to the Uttar Pradesh State Border. Rajpur Local Language is Bhojpuri. Rajpur village population of children with age 0-6 is 593 which makes up 15.56% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Rajpur village is 944 which is higher than Bihar state average of 918. Child Sex Ratio for the Rajpur as per census is 895, lower than Bihar average of 935. Nearby Villages of Rajpur Santhi (3 km),Adampur(3 km) fulwariya (3 km), Narhan (4 km), Nikhti Kala (5 km), Patar (7 km), Panjwar (8 km),Raghunathpur(2 km) are the nearby Villages to Rajpur. Rajpur is surrounded by Andar Block towards North, Maniar Block (Uttar Pradesh) towards west, Bansdih Block (Uttar Pradesh) towards South, HasanPura Block towards East. Nearby Towns of Rajpur Siwan, Maharajganj, Reoti, Deoria, Ballia are the nearby towns to Rajpur. Colleges in Rajpur High School Rajpur, Rajpur More (Siwan) References External links Rajpur, Raghunathpur, Siwan Rajpur Village Rajpur Village Map Rajpur, Siwan Facebook Page Villages in Siwan district
Tyrmeidae or Tyrmeidai () was a deme of ancient Attica of the phyle Oineis, sending one or two delegates to the Boule. It did not send representatives to the Boule in 360/359 BCE and in 335/334 BCE; it may have had a common representative with Epicephisia or Hippotomadae. Its site is unlocated. References Populated places in ancient Attica Former populated places in Greece Demoi Lost ancient cities and towns
Lenka Honzáková, married surname Popkin (born April 16, 1978) is a Czech Olympic trampoline gymnast. She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She is married to American trampolinist David Popkin. References 1978 births Living people Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics Czech female trampolinists Olympic gymnasts for the Czech Republic
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Black January (), also known as Black Saturday or the January Massacre, was a violent crackdown on Azerbaijani nationalism and anti-Soviet sentiment in Baku on 19–20 January 1990, as part of a state of emergency during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev and Defence Minister Dmitry Yazov asserted that military law was necessary to thwart efforts by the Azerbaijani independence movement to overthrow the Soviet Azerbaijani government. According to official estimates of Azerbaijan, 147 civilians were killed, 800 people were injured, and five people went missing. In a resolution of 22 January 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR declared that the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 19 January, used to impose emergency rule in Baku and military deployment, constituted an act of aggression. Events In December 1989, Azerbaijanis living in regions bordering Iran ripped down border fences, demanding closer ties with ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Iran. The local authorities in Jalilabad surrendered to rioters, turning over administration to the Popular Front of Azerbaijan. This was followed by a non-violent turnover of the Lankaran administration to the Popular Front two weeks later. On 9 January 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh in its budget and allowed its inhabitants to vote in Armenian elections, thus disregarding Soviet authority and Azerbaijani SSR jurisdiction, and causing outrage throughout the republic. This led to demonstrations which demanded the ousting of Azerbaijani communist officials and called for independence from the Soviet Union. Their rhetoric was, according to a Human Rights Watch report, "heavily anti-Armenian". On 12 January, the Popular Front organized a national defence committee with branches in factories and offices in Baku. The aim was to mobilize the population for battle with local Armenians. Local Azerbaijani authorities were unable to restore order because of internal quarrelling and divisions that paralyzed their ability to act. Azerbaijani authorities also ordered the 12,000-strong Interior Ministry troops to abstain from intervening in the Baku riots and numerous Soviet army and fleet units of the Baku garrison and Caspian Flotilla did not intervene to stop the riots, claiming that they had no orders from Moscow authorities. On 13 January, anti-Armenian pogrom began in Baku which resulted in 48 deaths, while thousands fled or were evacuated by the Soviet military. On 15 January, the authorities declared a state of emergency in several parts of Azerbaijan, except Baku. At the same time, fearing an intervention of the central Soviet authorities, Popular Front activists began a blockade of military barracks. They had already taken de facto control in a number of Azerbaijani regions. On 18 January, the Popular Front ordered supporters to barricade the main access routes into Baku using hundreds of cars, trucks, and buses. The next day, Soviet authorities evacuated its representatives and local officials, moving them to military command posts in the outskirts of the city where Soviet Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov and Interior Minister Vadim Bakatin were positioned. On 19 January, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved the decree signed by M. Gorbachev, introducing a state of emergency in Baku and some other places in the Azerbaijani SSR. The decree stated: ″In connection with a dramatic escalation of the situation in the city of Baku, attempts of criminal extremist forces to remove from power by organizing mass unrest legally acting state authorities and in the interests of the protection and security of citizens, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, guided by point 14 of the article 119 of the Constitution of the USSR, decrees: To declare since 20 January 1990 state of emergency in the city of Baku, by extending to its territory the effect of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 15 January 1990.″ The decree contravened legal acts in force at the time, which provided that the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the AzSSR would have to turn to the central government with the relevant plea. Late at night on 19 January 1990, after the demolition of the central television station and termination of phone and radio lines by Soviet special forces, 26,000 Soviet troops entered Baku, smashing through the barricades in order to crush the Popular Front. As claimed by Mikhail Gorbachev, gunmen of the Azerbaijani National Front opened fire on the soldiers; however, findings of the Moscow-based non-governmental organization Shield found no evidence of "armed combatants of Azerbaijani Popular Front", which was used as a motive to crush the civilian population on 20 January. The independent Shield organization which consists of a group of lawyers and officers in reserve, observed human rights violations in the army and its military operations, and concluded that the army waged a war on its civilians and demanded to start a criminal investigation against the Minister of Defence, Dmitry Yazov, who had personally led the operation. The Azerbaijani Interior Ministry officials helped Popular Front activists in stirring disorder by providing them with weapons, technical facilities, and informing them about the movement of army units. The troops attacked the protesters, firing into the crowds. The shooting continued for three days. They acted pursuant to a state of emergency, which continued for more than four months afterward, declared by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, signed by Chairman Mikhail Gorbachev. The state of emergency was, however, disclosed to the Azerbaijani public only several hours after the beginning of the offensive, when many citizens already lay dead or wounded in the streets, hospitals and morgues of Baku. Almost the whole population of Baku turned out to bury the dead on the third day, 22 January. For another 40 days, the country stayed away from work as a sign of mourning and mass protest. Death toll According to several sources, between 133 and 137 civilians died with the unofficial number reaching 300. Up to 800 were injured and 5 went missing. An additional 26 people were killed in Neftchala and Lankaran regions of the country. According to one report, 93 Azerbaijanis and 29 Soviet soldiers were killed in the street skirmishes. Other reports state that 21 soldiers were killed and 90 wounded in the fighting. However, how the soldiers died is still disputed. The soldiers' death toll was claimed by Soviet authorities to have resulted from armed resistance, although some of the soldiers could have been victims of friendly fire. State of emergency General Secretary Gorbachev and other officials asserted that it was necessary to stop pogroms and violence against the Armenian population and to thwart efforts by extremists to overthrow the Soviet Azerbaijani government. The government's decree said: "Extremist groups are organizing mass disorders fanning national enmity. They are committing bold criminal acts, mining roads, and bridges, shelling settlements, taking hostages." Defence Minister Yazov also said that nationalists were plotting a coup d'état in Azerbaijan: "A meeting was planned at which it was proposed to declare the transfer of power into the hands of the People's Front." He noted how the "Popular Front" declared its own state of emergency in Baku before the action was taken and how Soviet state organs "ceased to control the situation." News coverage During the Black January crackdown, Soviet authorities managed to suppress all efforts to disseminate news from Azerbaijan to the local population and the international community. On the eve of the military intervention, one of the leaders of Popular Front, Ekhtibar Mamedov, proposed to Kremlin officials that he appear on Azerbaijani TV at 8 PM to announce that the First Secretary of Azerbaijani Communist Party, Abdurrahman Vazirov, would be leaving, and no troops would invade Baku, thus restoring order. Instead, an energy supply source to Azerbaijani TV and State Radio was blown up by intelligence officers at 7:15 PM in order to cut off the population from any source of information. TV and radio were silent and all print media was banned. But Mirza Khazar and his staff at Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty succeeded in broadcasting daily reports from Baku, making it the only source of news to Azerbaijanis within and outside of the country for several days. The Kremlin leadership tried hard to keep the outside world and the population inside Azerbaijan unaware of the intervention, but Mirza Khazar and his staff foiled this attempt. Because of the actions of Mirza Khazar and his staff at Radio Liberty, Azerbaijanis in and outside Azerbaijan, as well as the international community, learned about the actions of the Soviet Army and were able to organize a protest. Shocked by this development, the government of the USSR complained officially to the United States about Radio Liberty's coverage of the military's intervention in Azerbaijan. The 20 January 1990 broadcasts turned Mirza Khazar into a popular figure among Azerbaijanis in and outside Azerbaijan. Malahat Aghajanqizi, a well-known Azerbaijani poet and writer, described Mirza Khazar's appearance on radio at the time of the Soviet military action as follows: "On January 20, Mirza Khazar with his God-given divine voice gave hope to the dying Azerbaijani people." Assessment A special session of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR was held on 22 January 1990 at the request of the public and by the initiative of a group of MPs. It tried to initially assess the 20 January events and adopted some documents condemning the crackdown operation by the Soviet army. The Memorial Society and Helsinki Watch reported in May 1991 that they had found compelling evidence that the imposition of the state of emergency had led to an unwarranted breach of civil liberties and that Soviet troops had used unjustified force resulting in many deaths. This includes the usage of armored vehicles, bayonets and firing on clearly marked ambulances. The Human Rights Watch report entitled "Black January in Azerbaijan" states: "Indeed, the violence used by the Soviet Army on the night of January 19–20 was so out of proportion to the resistance offered by Azerbaijanis as to constitute an exercise in collective punishment. Since Soviet officials have stated publicly that the purpose of the intervention of Soviet troops was to prevent the ouster of the Communist-dominated government of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the nationalist-minded, noncommunist opposition, the punishment inflicted on Baku by Soviet soldiers may have been intended as a warning to nationalists, not only in Azerbaijan but in the other republics of the Soviet Union." "The subsequent events in the Baltic Republics – where, in a remarkable parallel to the events in Baku, the alleged civil disorder was cited as justification for violent intervention by Soviet troops – further confirms that the Soviet Government has demonstrated that it will deal harshly with nationalist movements", continues the Human Rights Watch report. The Wall Street Journal editorial of 4 January 1995 stated that Gorbachev chose to use violence against "independence-seeking Azerbaijan." When a year later the world press criticized Gorbachev for violent massacres of civilians in Lithuania and Latvia, the Azerbaijani public was embittered by the silence of the world media on Gorbachev's orders a year earlier, during Black January. Independence On 18 October 1991, the Azerbaijan parliament restored the country's independence. On 14 February 1992, the Azerbaijani General Prosecutor's Office instituted a lawsuit targeted at the individuals involved in the massacre. In March 2003, the same lawsuit was targeted at the ex-Soviet president Gorbachev for violating the article 119 of the Soviet Constitution and article 71 of the Constitution of the Azerbaijani SSR. In 1994, the National Assembly of Azerbaijan adopted a full political and legal evaluation of the Black January events. According to the decree of the President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev from 16 December 1999, all victims of the crackdown were awarded an honorary title of the "Martyr of January 20" (). 20 January is marked as Martyrs' Day (or literally, "the Day of the Nationwide Sorrow") in Azerbaijan. Memorial 20 January is recognized as a Day of Mourning and it is commemorated as the Day of Nationwide Sorrow (). In January 2010, a memorial for the Black January victims was erected in the Yasamal district of Baku. The monument was designed by Javanshir Dadashov and Azad Agayed, and architect Adalat Mammadov. The opening of the monument took place on 20 January 2010. The President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and the head of the presidential administration Ramiz Mehdiyev, chief executive of Yasamal Ibrahim Mehdiyev, and families of the victims of the tragedy attended the ceremony. The total area of the complex is . The height of the monument and pedestal is . The memorial depicts a group of people who are determined not to miss armed troops coming into the city, with some of them already fallen. See also History of Azerbaijan History of the Soviet Union April 9 tragedy List of massacres in Azerbaijan Jeltoqsan Singing Revolution January Events (Lithuania) January 1991 events in Latvia Notes and references External links List of known victims Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe – Working Papers – 2008 Ordinary Session 21. Written Declaration No. 405. Doc. 11499 – 21 January 2008. Massacre of Azerbaijanis by Soviet troops "Black January: Baku (1990): Behind the Scenes – A Photojournalist's Perspective" by Reza Deghati with Betty Blair / in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 6:1 (Spring 1998), pp. 33–37. Eyewitness: A republic loses faith 1990 in the Soviet Union 1990 in Azerbaijan 20th century in Baku Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic History of Baku Mass murder in 1990 Massacres in Azerbaijan Massacres in the Soviet Union Political repression in the Soviet Union Protests in Azerbaijan Protests in the Soviet Union Riots and civil disorder in the Soviet Union January 1990 events in Asia 1990 protests War crimes in Azerbaijan Persecution of Azerbaijanis Soviet war crimes Massacres of Muslims
Blade materials are materials used to make the blade of a knife or other simple edged hand tool or weapon, such as a hatchet or sword. Blades can be made from a variety of materials. The most common being carbon steel, stainless steel, tool steel and alloy steel. Other less common materials in blades include: cobalt and titanium alloys, ceramics, obsidian, and plastic. The hardness of steel is usually stated as a number on the Rockwell C scale (HRC). The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on the resistance to indentation a material has. This differs from other scales such as the Mohs scale (scratch resistance testing), which is used in mineralogy. As hardness increases, the blade becomes more capable of taking and holding an edge, but is more difficult to sharpen and increasingly more brittle (commonly called less "tough"). Laminating harder steel between softer steel is an expensive process, though it gives the benefits of both "hard" and "soft" steels, to some extent (see Damascus steel). Steel Alloy steels 5160, a spring steel. Popular steel for forging swords and large knives, with high toughness and good wear resistance. Popular sword manufacturers that use 5160 spring steel include Hanwei and Generation 2. 5160 spring steel is mainly used on Medieval type swords. 6150, a chromium-vanadium alloy. Similar to 4140, 6150 is a tough steel with high impact resistance. It can be hardened to the mid-50s on the HRC scale. While a common material for swords or hatchets, it is less than ideal for most knives because of its limited attainable hardness. It tolerates less than ideal temperature control in forging and heat-treating (As does 5160). While it does not hold an edge as well as 1095, it is tough and easy to sharpen. V-toku1 / V-toku2, alloyed steel with W/Cr's original characteristics. Tool steels Tool steel grades used in cutlery: A, D, O, M, T, S, L, W. See also AISI Tool Steel Grades. The following are tool steels, which are alloy steels commonly used to produce hardened cutting tools: A2, a steel that trades wear resistance for toughness. It is used in custom made fighting knives by makers such as Phill Hartsfield, Rob Criswell, Mike Snody and John Fitzen (Razor Edge US) and one of the latest to standardize his camp/survival knives in A2 tool steel is Aaron Gough from Gough custom, Canada. A2 was the standard baseline steel used by Bark River Custom Knives. A2 is used as the standard tool steel for the Black Wolf Knives range of Hunting Knives by Marc Godwin, Japan A3 A4 A5 A6, this grade of tool steel air-hardens at a relatively low temperature (approximately the same temperature as oil-hardening grades) and is dimensionally stable. Therefore, it is commonly used for dies, forming tools, and gauges that do not require extreme wear resistance but do need high stability. A7 Tool Steel is an A7 type air-hardening tool steel that exhibits exceptional wear resistance. The high carbon and vanadium contents result in numerous, hard vanadium carbide particles in the steel. These carbides exhibit a hardness that is equivalent to approximately 80 to 85 Rockwell C. Resists wear from sliding contact with other steels as well as from contact with dry and wet slurries of hard abrasive particles such as sand, shot blast media, and ceramics.It is Carbon 0.55% Manganese 0.30% Silicon 0.30% Chromium 5.00% Molybdenum 1.25% Vanadium 1.25% A8 A9 A10, this grade contains a uniform distribution of graphite particles to increase machinability and provide self-lubricating properties. It is commonly used for gauges, arbours, shears, and punches. D2 is a high carbon, high chromium die steel and is the highest carbon alloy tool and die steel typically used in knife making. With a chrome content of 12.00%, some call it a "semi-stainless", because of the lack of free Chromium in solution, even though it is defined by ASM and ANSI as stainless which contains at least 11.5% by weight of chromium. It deserves the informal myth: "D2 knives hold an edge forever, and are impossible to sharpen." While not as tough as premium carbon steel, it is much tougher than premium stainless steel. D2 knife blades were popularized by Jimmy Lile, and later by Bob Dozier. ( AISI D2 / BOHLER K110 / ISO X153CrMoV12 / W. 1,2379 / GB-CINA Cr12MoV / JIS G4404 / SKD11 ) O1, a popular forging steel. Good wear resistance and excellent edge retention. Very tough, but not as much as 5160. It is most commonly used by Randall Knives, Mad Dog Knives, and many other custom knife makers. M2, is slightly tougher than D-2. As high-speed tool steel, it is capable of keeping a tempered edge at high temperatures generated in various machining processes. However, it is not used as widely in factory production knives, as CPM M4 has become more popular. Custom knife makers still use it for knives intended for fine cutting with very thin edges. M4, see High-speed CPM REX M4. SAF 2507 is a Sandvik trademarked steel containing 25% chromium, 7% nickel, 4% molybdenum and other alloying elements such as nitrogen and manganese. T1 T2 S1, a medium carbon shock-resistant steel tool steel which combines moderate hardness with good impact toughness. Carbon content .40 - .55%. W1, a water hardening tool steel. High carbon content. W2, tool steel that holds its edge quite well but is not very tough. Has a carbon content of 1.5. Most readily available W2 has a carbon content of no more than 1-1.1%. It can be left at high hardness levels (it can attain a quenched hardness of 67 Rc) and still be quite tough especially in larger knives with thicker spines as the core of the thick portion of the blade does not attain full hardness because of the shallow hardening nature of the steel. Bill Moran considered it to be almost as tough as 5160, but it was unavailable for a period of time. W2 is one of the carbon steels that can produce a nice Hamon in heat treating. SK3, SK4, SK5 - Japanese carbon steels. SK stands for "Steel Kougu" meaning "Steel Tool". The lower number indicates fewer impurities. CPM Tool Steel Crucible Industries produces Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM) tool steels using a powder metal forge process. CPM 1V, a proprietary steel, very high toughness, several times higher than A2 with same level of wear resistance. CPM 3V, a proprietary steel, very high toughness, less than CPM 1V, but more than A2, and high wear resistance, better than CPM 1V. Used by several custom knives makers and factories, including Jerry Hossom, Mike Stewart [Bark River], Reese Weiland, Nathan Carothers, and Dan Keffeler. Makes good choice for swords and large knives. CPM 4V, a proprietary steel, high-impact toughness and a very good wear resistance. Gaining popularity in Bladesports Competition Cutting knives. CPM 9V, a modification of CPM 10V with lower carbon and vanadium to improve toughness and heat check resistance. CPM 10V (AISI A11), highly wear-resistant tool steel, toughness comparable with D2 tool steel. Currently used by a few custom knife makers. Phil Wilson pioneered the use of CPM 10V and numerous other CPM steels in sporting knives. CPM 15V, a proprietary steel, extremely high wear-resistant tool steel, thanks to 14.5% Vanadium content. Found only in custom knives. CPM CRU-WEAR, a proprietary steel designed as a CPM upgrade to conventional Cru-Wear and D2 steels, it offers better wear resistance, toughness, and hardness than ingot made Cru-Wear. CPM S7, a shock-resistant medium carbon tool steel, with outstanding impact toughness and high strength, along with medium wear resistance. It has maximum shock resistance and high compression strength, which gives it good deformation resistance in use while retaining good toughness. Chrome steel Chrome steel is one of a class of non-stainless steels which are used for applications such as bearings, tools and drills. AISI 52100, ball-bearing steel. In terms of wear resistance, a little better than that of the O1 steel, however, 52100 is also tougher. It has very fine carbides, which translates into high edge stability. Repeated heat forging and heat cycling results in a very fine grain structure. Used by many custom makers, Swamp Rat knives use 52100 steel under the name SR101. Also referred to as 100 Cr 6/102 Cr6 as per ISO nomenclature and conforms to BS grade En31. SUJ2, Japanese equivalent to AISI 52100 steel. DIN 5401 Semi-stainless steels Steels that did not fit into the stainless category because they may not have enough of a certain element, such as chromium. V-Gin1, fine-grained steel with Molybdenum and Vanadium for the best effect of Chromium. V-Gin2, more Chromium is added for better corrosion resistance. V-Gin3B, more Chromium is added for better corrosion resistance. Stainless steel Stainless steel is a popular class of material for knife blades because it resists corrosion and is easy to maintain. However, it is not impervious to corrosion or rust. In order for a steel to be considered stainless it must have a Chromium content of at least 10.5%. 154CM / ATS-34 steels These two steels are practically identical in composition. They were introduced into custom knives by Bob Loveless . 154CM is produced by Crucible Industries. It is used extensively by Benchmade Knife Company and many others. CPM 154 is identical to 154CM in composition, however it is produced by Crucible using CPM Process, bringing all the benefits of Particle Metallurgy technology. ATS-34 is produced by Hitachi Metals. The latter two are considered premium cutlery steels for both folding knives and fixed blades. 300 series Because the 300 series is non-hardenable (non-Martensitic), they are primarily used in entry-level dive knives and used as the outer layers in a San Mai blade. The 300 series is non-magnetic. 302 is a Chromium-Nickel austenitic alloy used for blenders and mixers. 303 is an austenitic stainless steel specifically designed to exhibit improved machinability. 303 SE is an austenitic chromium-nickel steel to which selenium has been added to improve machinability and non-galling characteristics. 304L is a low carbon austenitic chromium-nickel steel designed for special applications. 316L is a low carbon austenitic chromium-nickel steel with superior corrosion and heat resisting qualities. 321 is an austenitic chromium-nickel steel with a high chromium content of 18.00%. 400 series The 400 series remains one of the most popular choices for knife makers because it is easy to sharpen and it is resistant to corrosion. The 400 series is magnetic. 410 is a hardenable, straight-chromium stainless steel which combines superior wear resistance with excellent corrosion resistance. 416 is very similar to 410 with the addition of sulfur to improve machinability. 420 has more carbon than 410, but less than 440. As such, it is softer than 440, but has a higher toughness. 420 series contain several types with various carbon content between 0.15% and 0.40% this steel grade is widely used to make high-end razor blades, surgical scalpels, etc. It obtains about 57 HRC after suitable heat treatment. 420HC (420C) is a higher carbon content 420 stainless steel. The HC stands for "high carbon" and it can be brought to a higher hardness than regular 420 and should not be mistaken for it. Buck Knives, Gerber Knives and Leatherman use 420HC extensively. 420A (420J1) and 420B (420J2) are economical, highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel grades. Knife manufacturers use this material in budget knives, also in diving knives due to its high resistance to corrosion. 440 series has three types: 440A, 440B, and 440C. 440A is a relatively low-cost, highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel. In China, Ahonest ChangJiang Stainless Steel developed 7Cr17MoV, a modified 440A, by adding more Vanadium. 440B is almost identical to 440A but has a higher carbon content range compared to 440A. 440C is also highly corrosion-resistant but is capable of having a very high hardness. The hardenability of 440C is due to it having the highest carbon content in the 440 group. Because of this, 440C is one of the most common stainless alloys used for knife making. The once ubiquitous American Buck Model 110 Folding Hunter was made of 440C before 1981. Böhler n695 is equivalent to 440C. Knife blades specified as being "440" can typically be assumed to be the lower-hardness 440A grade. AUS series The AUS stainless steel series is produced by Aichi Steel Corporation of Japan. They differ from the AISI 4xx series because they have vanadium added to them. Vanadium improves the wear resistance, toughness, and ease of sharpening. In the alloy name the appended 'A' indicates the alloy has been annealed. AUS-6 (6A) is comparable to 440A with a carbon content close to 0.65%. It is low-cost steel, with slightly higher wear resistance compared to 420J. AUS-8 (8A) is comparable to 440B with a carbon content close to 0.75%. [is often used] instead of 440C. SOG knives uses AUS-8 extensively. AUS-10 (10A) is comparable to 440C with a carbon content close to 1.10%. It is slightly tougher than 440C. CPM SxxV series The SxxV series are Crucible Industries stainless steels produced using CPM process. CPM S30V, on the lower end of the SxxV steels, it has a carbon content of 1.45%. However, S30V is still considered to be a superior choice for knife making. CPM S30V is used in a wide range of commercial knives. CPM S35VN is a martensitic stainless steel designed to offer improved toughness over CPM S30V. It is also easier to machine and polish than CPM S30V. It is used in many high-end kitchen knives. CPM S60V (formerly CPM T440V) (discontinued), very rich in vanadium. CPM S60V has a carbon content of 2.15%. It was uncommon steel, but both Spyderco and Kershaw Knives offered knives of this steel, Boker still offers folders made from CPM S60V. CPM S90V (formerly CPM T420V) has less chromium than S60V, but has almost twice as much vanadium. S90V's carbon content is also higher, around 2.30%. CPM S110V has higher corrosion resistance than S90V and marginally better wear resistance. The additional corrosion resistance while retaining all the benefits of S90V makes this steel extremely desired for kitchen cutlery. CPM S125V, online information is not available as of August 2014, contact Crucible Industries sales for information. It contains 3.25% carbon, 14% chromium and 12% vanadium, as well as other elements in alloy. Exceptionally high wear resistance, making it difficult to process and machine for knife-makers. At first, only used in custom knives, it has been utilized by larger manufacturers more recently in very limited quantities. CPM Magnacut is a new, well balanced stainless steel, with impact toughness and edge holding comparable to CPM 4V. Developed by Larrin Thomas and Crucible Industries specifically for the knife industry. VG series Japanese stainless advanced alloy steels, manufactured by Takefu Special Steels. As all Steel manufacturers have their secret undisclosed elements in their alloys, the main parts are mostly known to public, and when there was a demand for High-end Cutlery in the kitchen Takefu was one of the first with a so-called Alloy Steel that required little to no maintenance for daily home cook users as well as the professional kitchen. Even today it remains one of the most looked for Steels worldwide. VG-1, Takefu stainless alloy steel. Popular steel in Japanese kitchen knives. VG-2, high-carbon Mo stainless blade steel. VG-5, synergic effect of Mo and V makes carbide finer with added carbon and vanadium. VG-7/VG-8W, strengthens substrate and improves tempering performance. VG-10(B/W), Takefu special steels, their most well known and stable VG alloy steel. Improved composition to VG-1 but also contains cobalt, vanadium and tungsten. Very fine carbide and structure due to extended R&D, and therefore one of the steels which has the well-established and longest period of trial and error in history and became one of the best highly advanced stable ESR alloys in the world. Very popular around the world, can tempered to extreme hardness while remaining a very high toughness. Very good wear resistance and extreme rust resistance while fairly able to be resharpened. Due to extreme demand 10 years ago and Chinese counterfeits the steel has been excluded for Japanese market only and no longer can be exported from outside Japan. Chinese counterfeiting of steels where not even close of resembling the original steel and quality and therefore the decision was purely made for retaining the high quality of VG steels and makes the steel exclusively available for Japanese blacksmiths and manufacturers only making it nowadays a rare and exclusive high-end steel. Although old retailers outside Japan may have had a large quantity from the early days, it is officially no longer available outside Japan and only the finished products can be exported from Japan. Takefu special steels is one of the few who combines 2 of the VG Steels into one making it officially one of the rare officially stated Damascus Steels. Since forging this steel into successful kitchen cutlery is very complex, the yield rate is extremely low and to find such products is thus extremely Rare and very expensive but ensures you have a very high-quality high-end product. San-mai, a composite steel used to make high-end knives. The core is VG-1 and the outside layers are 420j for good rust resistance. Due to small vanadium content and several undisclosed changes VG-10 has a finer grain content compared to VG-1. Cobalt and nickel improve toughness. Overall, it has way better edge stability compared to VG-1. VG-10 is widely used in Japanese kitchen knives, several manufacturers have used it in various folders and fixed blade knives, but no longer use it, including Spyderco, Cold Steel and Fallkniven. CTS series American stainless steels produced by Carpenter Technology using vacuum-melt technology. CTS-BD1, high-carbon chromium steel that provides stainless properties with high hardness and excellent wear resistance. CTS-204P, offers superior edge retention and surface finish, an ability to be machined to a fine edge, and consistent heat-treatability from lot to lot. CTS-BD30P CTS-40C(CP), a powder metallurgy, high-carbon chromium stainless steel designed to provide stainless properties with maximum hardness. CTS-TMT, a hardenable martensitic stainless steel that combines improved corrosion resistance over Type 410 stainless with hardness up to 53 HRC and improved formability over 17Cr-4Ni. CTS-XHP, a powder metallurgy, air-hardening, high carbon, high chromium, corrosion-resistant alloy. It can be considered either a high hardness 440C stainless steel or a corrosion-resistant D2 tool steel. CrMo/CrMoV Series Chinese and American stainless steels; the manufacturers are unknown with the exception of 14-4CrMo which is manufactured by Latrobe Specialty Metals. (The following are sorted by first number.) 14-4CrMo, manufactured by Latrobe Specialty Metals. A wear-resistant, martensitic stainless tool steel that exhibits better corrosion resistance than 440C stainless steel. 2Cr13, belongs to 420 grade series, very basic. EN 1.4021 / DIN X20Cr13, widely used in economic cutting tools, 50HRC max after heat treatment. 3Cr13, in 420 grade series, it contains 420A 420B 420C 420D. 3Cr13 steel is 420B, EN 1.4028 / DIN X30Cr13, 52HRC approximately after heat treatment. 3Cr13MoV, made by adding more elements molybdenum and vanadium to the 420J2-3Cr13 formula. 4Cr13, EN 1.4034 / DIN X46Cr13, 420C stainless steel, it obtains about 55-57HRC. 4Cr13Mo, EN 1.4419 / DIN X38CrMo14, developed based on GB 4Cr13 / DIN X46Cr13 by adding molybdenum. 4Cr14MoV, EN 1.4117 / DIN X38CrMoV15, good enough to make kitchen knives. 5Cr15MoV, some knives manufacturers define as 5Cr13MoV, the hardness could be 55–57 HRC. It's widely used to make kitchen knives, high-end scissors, folding knives, hunting knives, etc. It is equivalent to 1.4116 and German 4116 steel in composition. 6Cr13MoV, also written as 6Cr14MoV. The patented name applied by Ahonest Changjiang Stainless steel Co., Ltd. Similar stainless steel grade 6Cr14 (6Cr13)/420D which does not contain molybdenum and vanadium, is superior to make razor blades, surgical scalpels, etc. 7Cr17MoV, 440A modified with more vanadium elements. The benefits of vanadium (V): increases strength, wear resistance, and increases toughness; the recommended hardness about 55/57 HRC. 8Cr13MoV & 8Cr14MoV, similar to AICHI AUS-8, an excellent value-priced steel for its performance. 9Cr13MoVCo, 9Cr14MoV. Chinese-made steels that are similar to 440B but with a higher carbon, cobalt and vanadium content to add more strength to the blade. Uses include high-end barber scissors, hunting knives, etc. 9Cr18MoV, 440B modified, a higher end Chinese stainless steel used mostly in high-end barber scissors and surgical tools. 9Cr19MoV, used in items such as the Ultimate Pro Bear Grylls Survival knife. 99Cr18MoV, 440C modified. Developed by Jaktkit and Ahonest Changjiang in cooperation. Uses ESR technology and hot forging. This improves its work performance, especially toughness, and edge-holding ability. Sandvik series 6C27, a common knife steel grade with good corrosion resistance and low hardness, mainly used in applications where the need for wear resistance is low. 7C27Mo2, generally the same properties as Sandvik 6C27, but with improved corrosion resistance. 12C27, a grade with high hardness and good wear resistance. Takes very keen edge with moderate edge retention. 12C27M, another Swedish stainless razor steel. A very pure, fine-grained alloy. A grade with good wear resistance and good corrosion resistance, well suited for the manufacture of kitchen tools. 13C26, also known as a Swedish stainless razor steel. Generally the same properties as Sandvik 12C27, but with slightly higher hardness but less corrosion resistant. The Swedish steelmaker Uddeholm AB also makes a virtually identical razor steel composition known as AEB-L, which they patented in 1928. Swedish razor steel is a very pure, fine-grained alloy which positively affects edge holding, edge stability and toughness. 14C28N, designed by Sandvik at Kershaw's behest to have the edge properties of 13C26 but with increased corrosion resistance by adding nitrogen and chromium. Available in Kershaw knives (as of 2012) and in other brands. 19C27, a grade with very high hardness and wear resistance. DSR series Daido stainless tool steels used for kitchen knives and scissors. DSR1K6(M), similar to AUS-6 and VG2 DSR7F, used for high-hardness cutting parts. DSR1K7, a steel known to exist. No further information is available. DSR1K8, a steel known to exist. No further information is available. DSR1K9, a steel known to exist. No further information is available. DSR10UA, used for small scissors. DSR1K11, a steel known to exist. No further information is available. High-chrome / high-vanadium stainless steel The following Powder Metallurgy steels contain very high levels of Chromium, which at 18–20% produces a steel matrix that is highly corrosion resistant. They also contain relatively high levels of vanadium (3.0% to 4.0%), producing a high volume of vanadium carbides in the steel matrix, associated with excellent abrasion-resistant edge holding. M390 – Bohler M390 Microclean. Third-generation powder metallurgy technology steel. Developed for knife blades requiring good corrosion resistance and very high hardness for excellent wear resistance. Chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten are added for excellent sharpness and edge retention. Can be polished to an extremely high finish. Hardens and tempers to 60–62 HRC, where it best balances edge holding and toughness. Due to its alloying concept, this steel offers extremely high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. CPM-20CV – essentially Crucible's version of M390. CTS 204P – essentially Carpenter's version of M390. Elmax – Produced by Bohler-Uddeholm, Elmax is a through-hardening corrosion resistant mold steel using third-generation powder metallurgy process. Often said to be superior to CPM S30V and CPM S35VN for edge retention and ease of sharpening. Used in most of the 2013 and forward Microtech knives. Elmax is very similar to M390, CPM 20CV, and CTS 204P, but has somewhat lower Vanadium content, and lacks any Tungsten content. Other stainless ATS-55, produced by Hitachi Metals. Has lower molybdenum content than ATS-34, is less wear-resistant than ATS-34 and has been reported to be also less rust-resistant than ATS-34. BG-42 Slightly higher in carbon, chrome and moly than ATS-34. Must be forged and heat-treated at very high and exact temperatures. Can be used at very high hardness, such as RC 64–66. Not supposed to be brittle, but high alloy steels usually are. Very expensive and hard to work. It is a martensitic stainless high-speed steel that combines the tempering, hot hardness and hardness retention characteristics of M50 high-speed steels, with the corrosion and oxidation resistance of Type 440C stainless. Although often used for aerospace bearings and other critical applications, its excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance makes it a superior choice for use in cutlery applications. Kin-2, Medium-carbon Molybdenum, Vanadium stainless blade steel. BNG10, a steel known to exist. No further information is available. Co-Special, a steel known to exist. No further information is available. Several steel alloys have carbon amounts close to or above 3%. As usual, those steels can be hardened to extremely high levels, 65–67 HRC. Toughness levels are not high compared to CPM S90V steel, however, they have high wear resistance and edge strength, making them a good choice for the knives designed for light cutting and slicing works. Cowry-X is produced by Daido steel using PM process. Contains 3% carbon, 20% chromium, 1.7% molybdenum and less than 1% vanadium. Other elements are not published or may not even exist. Used by Hattori knives in their kitchen knives KD series. ZDP-189 is produced by Hitachi steel using the PM process. It contains 3% carbon and 20% chromium and contains tungsten and molybdenum. Used by several custom knife makers and factory makers including Spyderco and Kershaw in the limited run of the Ken Onion Shallot folders. The Henckels Miyabi line markets this steel with the name "MC66". R2 is a PM steel made by Kobe Steel Japan (Kobelco). It is also known as SG2 (Special Gold 2) when it is marked by Takefu Specialty Steel. SRS-15 is a High-Speed Tool Steel (HSS) where the 15 represents 1.5% C. One of the earliest known Japanese "super steels". The maker is unknown. A SRS-13 with 1.3% Carbon also exists. High-speed steel CPM REX series CPM REX M4 HC (AISI M4) is a high speed tool steel produced by Crucible using CPM process. M4 has been around for a relatively long time, lately entering custom and high end production knives. Popular steel for use in Blade sports Competition Cutting knives. CPM REX 121, is a new high vanadium cobalt bearing tool steel designed to offer a combination of the highest wear resistance, attainable hardness, and red hardness available in a high-speed steel. CPM REX 20 (HS) is a cobalt-free super high speed steel made by the CPM process. CPM REX 45 (HS) is an 8% cobalt modification of M3 high speed steel made by the CPM process. As of September 2018 this steel was used in some limited-run production knives from Spyderco. CPM REX 54 HS is a cobalt-bearing high speed steel designed to offer an improvement in the red hardness of the popular M4 grade, while maintaining wear properties equivalent to M4. CPM REX 66 (HSS) is a super high speed steel made by the CPM process. CPM REX 76 (HSS) is a super high speed steel made by the CPM (Crucible Particle Metallurgy) Process. It is heat treatable to HRC 68–70. Its high carbon, vanadium and cobalt contents provide abrasion resistance comparable to that of T15 and red hardness superior to that of M42. CPM REX 86 (HSS) is a super high speed steel made by the CPM process. It has a combination of high attainable hardness capability (68-70 HRC), red hardness, and abrasive wear resistance for difficult machining applications while still maintaining good fabricating and toughness characteristics. The composition is designed to provide a balance of vanadium-rich MC and tungsten-molybdenum-rich M6C primary carbides. CPM REX T15(HSS) is a super high speed steel made by the CPM process. It is a tungsten type high speed containing high vanadium for excellent abrasion resistance, and cobalt for good red hardness, and is used for cutting difficult-to-machine materials where high frictional heating is encountered. Others K390 - One of the most notorious representatives of the powder steels family. Its produced by Böhler-Uddeholm AG an Austrian-based company. The steel itself is designed in such way that the primary goal for it is to create a mix of supreme edge retention, high level of toughness and great levels of edge strength. Due to the high levels of carbides and lack of high levels of chromium the steel is prone to corrosion. The composition is as follows: Carbon – 2.47%, Chromium – 4.20%, Molybdenum – 3.80%, Manganese – 0.40%, Vanadium – 9.00%, Tungsten – 1.00%, Cobalt – 2.00%, and Silicon – 0.55%. This kind of high speed steel is used in custom and high end knives and its one of the best and most expensive knife steels currently on the market. The level of HRC that can be achieved with a proper heat treat is 66 HRC. Maxamet is marketed by its manufacturer as a middle-ground between high-speed steel and cemented carbide. Carpenter claims Maxamet has improved hardness and wear resistance over high-speed steels while being tougher than cemented carbides. As of early 2018, it is used in several production knives from Spyderco. Super stainless steels The steels in this category have much higher resistance to elements and corrosion than conventional stainless steels. These steels are austenitic and non-magnetic. They are used in knives designed for use in aggressive, highly corrosive environments, such as saltwater, and areas with high humidity like tropical forests, swamps, etc. These steels can contain 26% to 42% chromium as well as 10% to 22% nickel and 1.5 to 10% of titanium, tantalum, vanadium, niobium, aluminum silicon, copper, or molybdenum etc., or some combination thereof. H1, produced by Myodo Metals, Japan. Used by Spyderco in their salt water/diving knives. Benchmade used it as well, later replaced with X15TN. X15Tn, French steel patented by Aubert&Duval, originally designed for medical industry and jet ball bearings. According to the company data sheet It meets EN 1.4123 standard (designation X40CrMoNV16-2) and UNS42025.This is a Martenistic stainless steel, with a high nitrogen content, remelted for optimum structure and properties. Used by Benchmade in their salt water/diving knives. , . Vanax, produced by Uddeholm, is a relatively new, 3rd generation powder metallurgy blade steel in which carbon is largely replaced by nitrogen. This results in a steel with extreme corrosion resistance, excellent edge holding, yet it is fairly easily resharpened while containing a relatively high carbide volume for abrasive cutting edge retention. LC200N (aka Z-FiNit, Cronidur30, N360) produced by Zapp Precision Metals, is a high nitrogen alloyed tool steel which exhibits superior corrosion resistance combined with high toughness even at hardness up to 60 HRc. Spyderco uses this steel in several of their knives. Carbon steel Carbon steel is a popular choice for rough use knives and cheaper options. Carbon steel used to be much tougher, much more durable, and easier to sharpen than stainless steel. This is no longer the case since the coming of super-advanced alloy metallurgy such as VG-10 and SG-2 powder steel for example. These high-end stainless alloys now have all the benefits including hardness, toughness and the corrosion resistance and passed the limits of Carbon steel. Carbon steels lack the chromium content of stainless steel, making them very susceptible to corrosion. Carbon steels have less carbon than typical stainless steels do, but it is the main alloy element. They are more homogeneous than stainless than other high alloy steels, having carbide only in very small inclusions in the iron. The bulk material is a little bit harder than standard stainless steel such as St-304 (high-end alloys excluded), allowing them to hold a sharper and more acute edge without bending over in contact with hard materials. But they dull by abrasion much quicker, because they lack hard inclusions to take the friction. This also makes them quicker to sharpen but less edge resistant. The only advantage they now hold over high-end stainless steel alloys is much lower production costs. This keeps product prices fairly low. 10xx series The 10xx series is the most popular choice for carbon steel used in knives as well as katanas. They can take and keep a very sharp edge. 1095, a popular high-carbon steel for knives; it is harder but more brittle than lower carbon steels such as 1055, 1060, 1070, and 1080. It has a carbon content of 0.90-1.03% Many older pocket knives and kitchen knives were made of 1095. It is still popular with many bush crafters and survivalists due to its toughness and ease of sharpening. With a good heat treat, the high carbon 1095 and O-1 tool steels can make excellent knives. 1084, carbon content 0.80-0.93%. Often recommended for novice knife makers or those without more advanced heat treating equipment due to the ease of heat treating it successfully in such conditions, yet also used by many professional blade smiths for various kinds of knives as it can make excellent knives. 1070, carbon content 0.65-0.75% Used in machetes. 1060, used in swords or Axes. It has a carbon content of 0.55-0.65% 1055, used in swords and machetes often heat-treated to a spring temper to reduce breakage. It has a carbon content of 0.48-0.55% 1045, used in Axes. It has a carbon content of 0.45% V-x series V-1/V-2 Chrome is added to improve quenching performance. V-2C, Pure carbon steel, with impure substances completely removed. Aogami/Blue-Series a Japanese exotic, high-end steel made by Hitachi. The "Blue" refers to, not the color of the steel itself, but the color of the paper in which the raw steel comes wrapped. Aogami/Blue-Num-1 A steel with higher tensile strength and sharpening ability than blue-2. Aogami/Blue-Num-2 A steel with higher toughness and wear resistance than blue-1. Aogami/Blue-Super A steel with higher Toughness, tensile strength and edge stability than all other steels in its series. Aogami/Super blue The same steel as Blue-Super A Shirogami/White-series Shirogami/White-1 Hardest among the Hitachi steels,but lacks toughness. Shirogami/White-2 Tougher than S/W-1 but as not much Carbon content, thus slightly less hard. Kigami/Yellow-Series Steel "Better" steel compared to SK series, but worse than both, Aogami and Shirogami. Used in high end tools and low/mid class kitchen knives. Other proprietary steels INFI, a unique steel used in Busse knives. It is a tough steel, that resists both wear and corrosion relatively well. Prior to 2002, INFI contained 0.5% Carbon, 0.74% Nitrogen, about 1% Cobalt, and about 0.1% Nickel. In 2002, Busse changed the steel composition by removing Nitrogen, but added 0.63% Silicon for toughness, and the Cobalt and Nickel components were dropped. Other carbon steel These steels did not exist in a series. Shiro-2, Chromium and Nickel are added for better quenching and ductility. Unassigned steels The group of these steels is unknown at this time. Please move them to their proper group and provide a description. 4116 Krupp is German steel which is cryogenically quenched during the hardening process. Used in many entry-level knives by Henkels, Wusthof and other German makers hardened to 54-56 RC. High stain resistance but mediocre edge retention. 0.45-0.55% carbon, 0.1-0.2% vanadium, 14-15% Chromium, 0.5-0.8% Molybdenum. In 2017 it made inroads in mid-priced (between 7Cr17Mov and 440C San Mai) Chinese made knives, usually in larger, 9-12" chef's knives and cleavers tempered to RC 56–60 with improved edge retention. Sometimes referred to as 1.4116. Thyssen-Krupp names their steels using standard convention, i. e. removing .1 from w-Nr 1.4116. Under the DIN system, this steel is described as X50CrMoV15, with the X indicating stainless steel, the 50 referring to the carbon content in hundredths of a percent, and the 15 referring to the percentage of chromium rounded to the nearest whole number. Other sources describe it as almost identical to X50CrMoV15 but very slightly different, with the chromium content differing by about half a percent. Yet another name for this steel is 5Cr15MoV, and therefore belongs in the CrMoV family of steels, with this specific steel having performance similar to AUS-8 but with perhaps slightly better corrosion resistance. (5Cr14MoV is also essentially identical, with marginally lesser amounts of chromium. In this naming convention, the number to the left of the Cr indicates the carbon content in tenths of a percent, while the number to the right of the Chromium indicates the percentage of chromium rounded to the nearest whole number.) Krupp 4116 (a.k.a. DIN X50CrMoV15, etc.) is a favorite of high-end, world-famous German kitchen knife makers like Wüsthof and Zwilling J. A. Henckels. Western-style (i.e., flexible) fillet knives made from 4116 are specifically marketed as intended for saltwater fishing because of the corrosion resistance of this steel. On a separate but related note, the X55CrMoV14 described below as Swiss Army Knife steel and also known as Krupp 4110 is also part of this CrMoV steel family. Acuto 440. manufactured by Aicihi and contains Chromium 0.80-0.95% Silicon 0.35-0.50% Manganese 0.25-0.40% Phosphorus under 0.040% Sulfur under 0.030% Chromium 17.00-18.00% Molybdenum 1.00-1.25% Vanadium 0.08-0.12% contents. specifically designed to meet resistance to corrosion and wear in stainless has not compared to many carbon steels. Its performance tests yield great results and are not used frequently with labels it seems. its edge retention is close to AUS 10 with better corrosion resistance. It is SuperSteel from Aichi newer than aus10 and implications suggest a modified version of this steel in global knives, due to the Yoshida-Shimonakano group is Aichi steel, Toyota, global knives, and many more. Many knife manufacturers use versions of Asus6-10, Asus440a and Asus440c, which also are all Aicihi steel. Many modify to name others, sometimes such as molybdenum vanadium steel. AL-158 BRD4416 stainless steel X55CrMoV14 or 1.4110 Swiss Army knife Inox blade steel used by Victorinox. 80CrV2 is commonly known as Swedish Saw Steel. It is a manganese-vanadium steel with 0.8% carbon content, making it a true high-carbon steel; and as such is easily harden able, and with very good edge retention. It has an excellent reputation for toughness and shock resistance, comparable to S7 steel. It is used by companies including Zombie Tools and Winkler Knives. 15N20, L6, and 8670 are steels containing 1-2% nickel, known for great toughness at around Rockwell C 58–60. L6 is popular for swords; 8670 would also be excellent and is easier to find and cheaper. 15N20 (.75% C, 2.0% Ni) is widely used with 1095 to make pattern-welded ("Damascus") steel. Common blade alloying elements Carbon (C) increases edge retention and raises tensile strength. increases hardness and improves resistance to wear and abrasion. reduces ductility as amount increases provides hardenability. Chromium (Cr) increases hardness, tensile strength, and toughness. increases resistance to corrosion, heat and wear. more than 11% makes it "stainless", by causing an oxide coating to form. carbide inclusions reduce wear, but bulk material is softer. Cobalt (Co) increases strength and hardness, and permits quenching in higher temperatures. intensifies the individual effects of other elements in more complex steels. increases resistance to heat and corrosion. Copper (Cu) increases corrosion resistance. (?) Manganese (Mn) increases hardenability, wear resistance, and tensile strength. deoxidizes and degasifies to remove oxygen from molten metal. in larger quantities, increases hardness and brittleness. increases or decreases corrosion resistance depending on the type and grade of steel or stainless steel. Molybdenum (Mo) increases strength, hardness, hardenability, and toughness. improves machinability and resistance to corrosion. Nickel (Ni) Adds toughness. Improves corrosion and heat resistance. Reduces hardness. Too much prevents hardening by heat treatment. Niobium (Nb) Restricts carbide grain growth. Increases machinability. Creates the hardest carbide. Increases strength, heat, corrosion resistance and toughness. Nitrogen (N) Used in place of carbon for the steel matrix. The Nitrogen atom will function in a similar manner to the carbon atom but offers unusual advantages in corrosion resistance. Phosphorus (P) Improves strength, machinability, and hardness. Creates brittleness in high concentrations. Silicon (Si) Increases strength, heat and corrosion resistance. Deoxidizes and degasifies to remove oxygen from molten metal. Sulfur (S) Improves machinability when added in minute quantities. Usually considered a contaminant. Tantalum (Ta) Increases corrosion and heat resistance, strength, ductility and toughness. Tungsten (W) Adds strength, toughness, and improves hardenability. Retains hardness at elevated temperature. Improves corrosion and heat resistance. Titanium (Ti) increases strength, toughness, heat, and corrosion resistance plus reduces weight. increases hardness and wear resistance if nitrogen or carbon are at the surface of the alloy. Vanadium (V) Increases strength, wear resistance, and increases toughness. Improves corrosion resistance by contributing to the oxide coating. Carbide inclusions are very hard. Expensive. Increases chip resistance. Ceramics Ceramics are harder than metals but more brittle. Ceramic knives can be sharpened with silicon carbide or diamond sandpaper but chip when sharpened on a hard stone or lap. The harder ceramics may be used in composite form to make them workable. Aluminum oxide ceramic (Al2O3) Marketech AO series AO 95 AO 98 Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) Very hard, strong and corrosion-resistant, but expensive. Used by Böker. Other materials Stellite and Talonite Titanium and its own alloys are often used in diving and EOD (explosive ordnance disposal) knives due to its excellent corrosion resistance and non-magnetic properties. Some titanium blades have a carbide or nitride edge attached instead of a raw titanium (alloy) edge. Copper beryllium Damascus steel, either pattern welded steel or the ancient crucible steel (wootz, pulad, bulat) Historical Obsidian, used by Native Americans for knives, spears, and arrowheads. This natural glass chips sharper than other stones but is more brittle. Other hard stones such as flint and chert. Bone Wood Bronze Jade Brass Copper Pewter References External links Efunda - Information On Steels MatWeb - Materials Information Spyderco edge-u-cation blade element info Free Ebook - Metallurgy of Steel for Bladesmiths and Others Who Heat Treat and Forge Steel – by Professor Verhoeven Steel Knives Swords
Deh-e Bozorg (, also Romanized as Deh Bozorg) is a village in Padena-ye Olya Rural District, Padena District, Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 219, in 44 families. References Populated places in Semirom County
John Pierson (March 17, 1937 – November 18, 2018) was an American journalist. His work while at The Wall Street Journal earned him a place on the master list of Nixon political opponents. Pierson's articles detailed White House efforts to manipulate press coverage of Nixon. References Pierson, John (December 28, 1971). An Ultraconservative Campaigns to Return Nixon to 'Right' Path. Wall Street Journal Pierson, John (February 4, 1972). From the Left and Right, McCloskey, Ashbrook Tug, Futilely, at Nixon. Wall Street Journal American male journalists 1937 births 2018 deaths
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if (!refVal2(data.topBody, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.topBody', data, 'topBody', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal2.errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal2.errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.topJoin !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.topJoin, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.topJoin', data, 'topJoin', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.topLeft !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.topLeft, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.topLeft', data, 'topLeft', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.topRight !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.topRight, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.topRight', data, 'topRight', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.bottomBody !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.bottomBody, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.bottomBody', data, 'bottomBody', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.bottomJoin !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.bottomJoin, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.bottomJoin', data, 'bottomJoin', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.bottomLeft !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.bottomLeft, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.bottomLeft', data, 'bottomLeft', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.bottomRight !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.bottomRight, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.bottomRight', data, 'bottomRight', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.bodyLeft !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.bodyLeft, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.bodyLeft', data, 'bodyLeft', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.bodyRight !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.bodyRight, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.bodyRight', data, 'bodyRight', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.bodyJoin !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.bodyJoin, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.bodyJoin', data, 'bodyJoin', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.joinBody !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.joinBody, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.joinBody', data, 'joinBody', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.joinLeft !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.joinLeft, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.joinLeft', data, 'joinLeft', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.joinRight !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.joinRight, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.joinRight', data, 'joinRight', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.joinJoin !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[2](data.joinJoin, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.joinJoin', data, 'joinJoin', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[2].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[2].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } } else { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/type', params: { type: 'object' }, message: 'should be object' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } validate.errors = vErrors; return errors === 0; }; })(); refVal1.schema = { "type": "object", "properties": { "topBody": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "topJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "topLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "topRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomBody": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bodyLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bodyRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bodyJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinBody": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" } }, "additionalProperties": false }; refVal1.errors = null; refVal[1] = refVal1; var refVal2 = (function() { var pattern0 = new RegExp('^[0-9]+$'); return function validate(data, dataPath, parentData, parentDataProperty, rootData) { 'use strict'; var vErrors = null; var errors = 0; if (typeof data !== "string") { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/type', params: { type: 'string' }, message: 'should be string' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } validate.errors = vErrors; return errors === 0; }; })(); refVal2.schema = { "type": "string" }; refVal2.errors = null; refVal[2] = refVal2; var refVal3 = (function() { var pattern0 = new RegExp('^[0-9]+$'); return function validate(data, dataPath, parentData, parentDataProperty, rootData) { 'use strict'; var vErrors = null; var errors = 0; if (rootData === undefined) rootData = data; if ((data && typeof data === "object" && !Array.isArray(data))) { var errs__0 = errors; var valid1 = true; for (var key0 in data) { var isAdditional0 = !(false \|\| pattern0.test(key0)); if (isAdditional0) { valid1 = false; var err = { keyword: 'additionalProperties', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/additionalProperties', params: { additionalProperty: '' + key0 + '' }, message: 'should NOT have additional properties' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } } for (var key0 in data) { if (pattern0.test(key0)) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal4(data[key0], (dataPath \|\| '') + '[\'' + key0 + '\']', data, key0, rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal4.errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal4.errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } } } else { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/type', params: { type: 'object' }, message: 'should be object' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } validate.errors = vErrors; return errors === 0; }; })(); refVal3.schema = { "type": "object", "patternProperties": { "^[0-9]+$": { "$ref": "#/definitions/column" } }, "additionalProperties": false }; refVal3.errors = null; refVal[3] = refVal3; var refVal4 = (function() { var pattern0 = new RegExp('^[0-9]+$'); return function validate(data, dataPath, parentData, parentDataProperty, rootData) { 'use strict'; var vErrors = null; var errors = 0; if ((data && typeof data === "object" && !Array.isArray(data))) { var errs__0 = errors; var valid1 = true; for (var key0 in data) { var isAdditional0 = !(false \|\| key0 == 'alignment' \|\| key0 == 'width' \|\| key0 == 'wrapWord' \|\| key0 == 'truncate' \|\| key0 == 'paddingLeft' \|\| key0 == 'paddingRight'); if (isAdditional0) { valid1 = false; var err = { keyword: 'additionalProperties', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/additionalProperties', params: { additionalProperty: '' + key0 + '' }, message: 'should NOT have additional properties' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } } var data1 = data.alignment; if (data1 !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (typeof data1 !== "string") { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.alignment', schemaPath: '#/properties/alignment/type', params: { type: 'string' }, message: 'should be string' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } var schema1 = validate.schema.properties.alignment.enum; var valid1; valid1 = false; for (var i1 = 0; i1 < schema1.length; i1++) if (equal(data1, schema1[i1])) { valid1 = true; break; } if (!valid1) { var err = { keyword: 'enum', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.alignment', schemaPath: '#/properties/alignment/enum', params: { allowedValues: schema1 }, message: 'should be equal to one of the allowed values' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.width !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (typeof data.width !== "number") { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.width', schemaPath: '#/properties/width/type', params: { type: 'number' }, message: 'should be number' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.wrapWord !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (typeof data.wrapWord !== "boolean") { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.wrapWord', schemaPath: '#/properties/wrapWord/type', params: { type: 'boolean' }, message: 'should be boolean' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.truncate !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (typeof data.truncate !== "number") { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.truncate', schemaPath: '#/properties/truncate/type', params: { type: 'number' }, message: 'should be number' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.paddingLeft !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (typeof data.paddingLeft !== "number") { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.paddingLeft', schemaPath: '#/properties/paddingLeft/type', params: { type: 'number' }, message: 'should be number' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.paddingRight !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (typeof data.paddingRight !== "number") { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.paddingRight', schemaPath: '#/properties/paddingRight/type', params: { type: 'number' }, message: 'should be number' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } } else { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/type', params: { type: 'object' }, message: 'should be object' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } validate.errors = vErrors; return errors === 0; }; })(); refVal4.schema = { "type": "object", "properties": { "alignment": { "type": "string", "enum": ["left", "right", "center"] }, "width": { "type": "number" }, "wrapWord": { "type": "boolean" }, "truncate": { "type": "number" }, "paddingLeft": { "type": "number" }, "paddingRight": { "type": "number" } }, "additionalProperties": false }; refVal4.errors = null; refVal[4] = refVal4; return function validate(data, dataPath, parentData, parentDataProperty, rootData) { 'use strict'; /# sourceURL=config.json / var vErrors = null; var errors = 0; if (rootData === undefined) rootData = data; if ((data && typeof data === "object" && !Array.isArray(data))) { var errs__0 = errors; var valid1 = true; for (var key0 in data) { var isAdditional0 = !(false \|\| key0 == 'border' \|\| key0 == 'columns' \|\| key0 == 'columnDefault' \|\| key0 == 'drawHorizontalLine'); if (isAdditional0) { valid1 = false; var err = { keyword: 'additionalProperties', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/additionalProperties', params: { additionalProperty: '' + key0 + '' }, message: 'should NOT have additional properties' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } } if (data.border !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal1(data.border, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.border', data, 'border', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal1.errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal1.errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.columns !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal3(data.columns, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.columns', data, 'columns', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal3.errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal3.errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.columnDefault !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; if (!refVal[4](data.columnDefault, (dataPath \|\| '') + '.columnDefault', data, 'columnDefault', rootData)) { if (vErrors === null) vErrors = refVal[4].errors; else vErrors = vErrors.concat(refVal[4].errors); errors = vErrors.length; } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } if (data.drawHorizontalLine !== undefined) { var errs_1 = errors; var errs__1 = errors; var valid1; valid1 = typeof data.drawHorizontalLine == "function"; if (!valid1) { if (errs__1 == errors) { var err = { keyword: 'typeof', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + '.drawHorizontalLine', schemaPath: '#/properties/drawHorizontalLine/typeof', params: { keyword: 'typeof' }, message: 'should pass "typeof" keyword validation' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } else { for (var i1 = errs__1; i1 < errors; i1++) { var ruleErr1 = vErrors[i1]; if (ruleErr1.dataPath === undefined) ruleErr1.dataPath = (dataPath \|\| '') + '.drawHorizontalLine'; if (ruleErr1.schemaPath === undefined) { ruleErr1.schemaPath = "#/properties/drawHorizontalLine/typeof"; } } } } var valid1 = errors === errs_1; } } else { var err = { keyword: 'type', dataPath: (dataPath \|\| '') + "", schemaPath: '#/type', params: { type: 'object' }, message: 'should be object' }; if (vErrors === null) vErrors = [err]; else vErrors.push(err); errors++; } validate.errors = vErrors; return errors === 0; }; })(); validate.schema = { "$id": "config.json", "$schema": "path_to_url#", "type": "object", "properties": { "border": { "$ref": "#/definitions/borders" }, "columns": { "$ref": "#/definitions/columns" }, "columnDefault": { "$ref": "#/definitions/column" }, "drawHorizontalLine": { "typeof": "function" } }, "additionalProperties": false, "definitions": { "columns": { "type": "object", "patternProperties": { "^[0-9]+$": { "$ref": "#/definitions/column" } }, "additionalProperties": false }, "column": { "type": "object", "properties": { "alignment": { "type": "string", "enum": ["left", "right", "center"] }, "width": { "type": "number" }, "wrapWord": { "type": "boolean" }, "truncate": { "type": "number" }, "paddingLeft": { "type": "number" }, "paddingRight": { "type": "number" } }, "additionalProperties": false }, "borders": { "type": "object", "properties": { "topBody": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "topJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "topLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "topRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomBody": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bottomRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bodyLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bodyRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "bodyJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinBody": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinLeft": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinRight": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" }, "joinJoin": { "$ref": "#/definitions/border" } }, "additionalProperties": false }, "border": { "type": "string" } } }; validate.errors = null; module.exports = validate; ```
Prostate-specific transcript 1 (non-protein coding), also known as PCGEM1, is a long non-coding RNA gene. In humans, it is located on chromosome 2q32. It is over-expressed in prostate cancer. In a study of prostate tumours from 88 men, levels of PCGEM1 were found to be higher in prostate cancer cells in African-American men than in Caucasian-American men. The mortality rate of prostate cancer is highest in African-American men. PCGEM1 inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of cells, via delayed induction of p53 and p21. See also Long noncoding RNA Prostate cancer References Further reading External links Non-coding RNA
Lina Maria Hidalgo (born February 19, 1991) is an American politician in the state of Texas. She is the county judge of Harris County, the third-most populous county in the United States. Hidalgo is the first woman and the first Latina to be elected to this office. Notwithstanding the label, the position of county judge is for the most part a nonjudicial position in Texas. Hidalgo functions as the county's chief executive and its emergency manager. She oversees a budget of over $4 billion. Early life and career Hidalgo was born in Bogota, Colombia, on February 19, 1991. Her family left Colombia when she was five years old, and lived in Peru and Mexico City before moving to Houston, Texas when she was 15. Hidalgo graduated from Seven Lakes High School in Katy, Texas, and then attended Stanford University, graduating with a degree in political science in 2013. Her honors thesis was titled "Tiananmen or Tahrir? A Comparative Study of Military Intervention Against Popular Protest." That same year, Hidalgo became a U.S. citizen. Upon graduation from Stanford, Hidalgo received the Omidyar Network Postgraduate Fellowship to work with an international organization. She moved to Thailand, where she worked for the Internews Network, an international nonprofit dedicated to training journalists and advocating for press freedom. After returning to the U.S., Hidalgo worked as a medical interpreter at the Texas Medical Center in Houston and volunteered for the Texas Civil Rights Project. During this time, she was accepted into the MPP/JD joint program at the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government and New York University School of Law, respectively. Though Hidalgo originally planned to pursue a career in health care and criminal justice, the 2016 election inspired her to put her academic ambitions on hold and run for public office instead. County Judge of Harris County 2018 election Hidalgo ran for County Judge of Harris County in the 2018 elections. She was unopposed in the Democratic Party primary election and faced incumbent Ed Emmett in the general election. Hidalgo ran on a platform focused on flood control, criminal justice reform, and increasing transparency and accountability in local government. She defeated Emmett on November 6, becoming the first woman and Latina elected to the office of Harris County Judge. Her victory was considered an upset and attracted national attention, with a large and diverse coalition of activists and organizations leading her to a narrow 19,400-vote victory. The election also switched majority control of Harris County Commissioners Court, over which Hidalgo presides, from Republicans to Democrats. Tenure Hidalgo championed misdemeanor cash bail reform in Harris County. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Hidalgo implemented public health measures early in an attempt to halt the spread of the coronavirus. In March 2020, she ordered the closure of bars and restaurants. In April 2020, Hidalgo required Harris County members to wear face masks in public. Republicans at the state and federal level strongly criticized her public health measures. Governor Greg Abbott said that local officials could not enforce mask mandates. By June, as cases in Texas climbed, Abbott ordered his own face mask mandate. Hidalgo appeared in video montages during the 2020 Democratic National Convention. Hidalgo has been credited with making voting easier in Harris County during the 2020 Texas elections and with increasing turnout among lower-propensity voters. By October 30, 2020 (the Thursday before election day), more votes had been cast in Texas than the entire number cast in the 2016 United States presidential election in Texas. Hidalgo has filed a lawsuit against the Texas Department of Transportation to stop the expansion of Interstate 45 through Houston. Because of her intervention, the federal government is investigating whether this proposed expansion, which could increase pollution and relocate people, violates any environmental and civil rights laws. The County later paused the lawsuit to negotiate with TxDOT. In December 2019, Hidalgo was named one of Forbes 30 under 30 in Law and Policy. In March 2021, Harris County had a controversy over a contract awarded to Elevate Strategies, a company that was hired to do COVID-19 "vaccine outreach." The company had only one employee and was run out of an apartment in the city. Hidalgo and county commissioners allegedly had ties to Elevate Strategies. Mark Jones of Rice University said, "This was an RFP [request for proposal] that was wired from the very start to go to Elevate Strategies to provide political money for Lina Hidalgo's supporters". Hidalgo responded, "Y’all bring it on! Bring it on! Because there is nothing here." In the end, the county terminated the $11 million contract. 2022 election Hidalgo defeated her opponent, Alexandra del Moral Mealer, by a margin of around 18,000 votes out of 1 million votes cast (50.8% to 49.2%). Bilingual constituency relations Hidalgo was criticized after a March 2019 news conference in which she spoke in English and Spanish about the health implications of a massive chemical fire. She was addressing constituents and reporters from English- and Spanish-language media outlets. A Chambers County commissioner posted on social media: "English, this is not Mexico." In response, Hidalgo's director of communications issued a statement noting that a third of Harris County residents are Spanish speakers: Judge Hidalgo represents all of Harris County and given the county's composition and her bilingual skills, she will continue to communicate as broadly as possible especially when public safety is at stake. Recognition Hidalgo was featured on the cover of Time in January 2018 alongside dozens of other women who ran for office in one of the biggest elections for women. Personal life Hidalgo's boyfriend, David James, works as a civil rights and personal injury attorney. She completed an Ironman Triathlon in November 2022. Hidalgo was diagnosed with clinical depression in July 2023 and announced a temporary leave of absence to undergo treatment. On September 14 she announced plans to return to office in early October. Electoral history See also Christopher G. Hollins – appointed county clerk under Hidalgo's government involved in the 2020 U.S. elections References 1991 births 21st-century American women politicians American politicians of Colombian descent County judges in Texas Harvard Kennedy School alumni Hispanic and Latino American women in politics Interpreters Living people New York University School of Law alumni People from Harris County, Texas Stanford University alumni Texas Democrats Women in Texas politics 21st-century American women lawyers 21st-century American lawyers
Hans Wallmark (born 23 January 1965), is a Swedish politician of the Moderate Party. He has been a member of the Riksdag since 2006. He served as President of the Nordic Council in 2014 and in 2019. References External links 1965 births Living people Members of the Riksdag 2006–2010 Members of the Riksdag 2010–2014 Members of the Riksdag 2014–2018 Members of the Riksdag 2018–2022 Members of the Riksdag 2022–2026 21st-century Swedish politicians Members of the Riksdag from the Moderate Party
Capitol Theater, Capitol Theatre, or Capitol Cinema may refer to: Australia Capitol Theatre (Melbourne), Victoria Capitol Theatre, Perth, Western Australia Capitol Theatre, Sydney, New South Wales Canada Capitol Cinema (Ottawa), Ottawa, Ontario Capitol Theatre (Moncton), Moncton, New Brunswick Capitol Theatre (Port Hope), Port Hope, Ontario Capitol Theatre (Windsor, Ontario), Windsor, Ontario Capitol Theatre (Woodstock, Ontario), Woodstock, Ontario Capitole de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec Germany Capitol Theater (Düsseldorf) India Capitol Cinema (Mumbai), Maharashtra Ireland Capitol Theatre (Dublin) Philippines Capitol Theater (Manila) Singapore Capitol Theatre, Singapore, a cinema from 1931 to 1998, reopened 2015. United Kingdom Capitol Theatre, Manchester Capitol Theatre, Aberdeen Capitol Theatre, Cardiff Capitol Cinema, Southgate, London (demolished 1982) Capitol Theatre, Scarborough, (1929–1977) United States Capitol Theater (Clearwater, Florida) Capitol Theater (Burlington, Iowa), Burlington, Iowa, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Iowa Capitol Theatre in the NRHP-listed Kahl Building, Davenport, Iowa Capitol Theater Building, Arlington, Massachusetts, NRHP-listed Capitol Theatre Building (Flint, Michigan), listed on the NRHP in Michigan Capitol Center for the Arts, formerly the Capitol Theatre, Concord, New Hampshire Capitol Theatre (Passaic), New Jersey Capitol Theatre (New York City) Capitol Theatre (Port Chester, New York), NRHP-listed Capitol Theatre (Rome, New York) Capitol Theatre in Bismarck, North Dakota, now the Dakota Stage Playhouse Capitol Theater (Columbus, Ohio), operated by the Columbus Association for the Performing Arts Capitol Theater (Salem, Oregon) Capitol Theatre Center, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania Capitol Theatre (Union City, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Tennessee Capitol Theatre (Salt Lake City), Utah, see buildings and sites of Salt Lake City Capitol Theater (Olympia), Washington Capitol Theatre (Yakima, Washington), NRHP-listed Capitol Theatre (Wheeling, West Virginia) Capitol Theater (Madison, Wisconsin) Hargray Capitol Theatre, Macon, Georgia See also Capital theater (disambiguation)
Gmina Latowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Latowicz, which lies approximately south-east of Mińsk Mazowiecki and east of Warsaw. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 5,559 (5,478 in 2013). Villages Gmina Latowicz contains the villages and settlements of Borówek, Budy Wielgoleskie, Budziska, Chyżyny, Dąbrówka, Dębe Małe, Generałowo, Gołełąki, Kamionka, Latowicz, Oleksianka, Redzyńskie, Stawek, Strachomin, Transbór, Waliska, Wężyczyn and Wielgolas. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Latowicz is bordered by the gminas of Borowie, Cegłów, Mrozy, Parysów, Siennica and Wodynie. References Polish official population figures 2006 Latowicz Mińsk County
Lipothrixviridae is a family of viruses in the order Ligamenvirales. Thermophilic archaea in the phylum Thermoproteota serve as natural hosts. There are 11 species in this family, assigned to 4 genera. Taxonomy The following genera and species are assigned to the family: Alphalipothrixvirus Betalipothrixvirus Deltalipothrixvirus The family consists of three genera: Alphalipothrixvirus, Betalipothrixvirus, and Deltalipothrixvirus. Captovirus used to be in this family as the genus Gammalipothrixvirus, but now it is the only genus in the family Ungulaviridae. They are classified into genera based on their genomic properties and on the diversity of their terminal appendages, which are involved in host cell recognition. The originally proposed genus Alphalipothrixvirus was renamed Alphatristromavirus and moved to family Tristromaviridae. In 2020, the genus Alphalipothrixvirus was recreated for classification of Sulfolobus filamentous virus 1 and Sulfolobales Beppu filamentous virus 2. In the genus Gammalipothrixvirus claw-like structures are found at either end of the virion. Members of the Lipothrixviridae share structural and genomic characteristics with viruses from the Rudiviridae family, which contains non-enveloped rod-shaped viruses. Viruses from the two families have linear dsDNA genomes and share up to nine genes. In addition, the filamentous particles of rudiviruses and lipothrixviruses are built from structurally similar, homologous major capsid proteins. Due to these shared properties viruses from the two families are classified into an order Ligamenvirales. Members of the Ligamenvirales are structurally related to viruses of the family Tristromaviridae which, similar to lipothrixviruses, are enveloped and encode two paralogous major capsid proteins with the same fold as those of ligamenviruses. Due to these structural similarities, order Ligamenvirales and family Tristromaviridae were proposed to be unified within a class 'Tokiviricetes' (toki means ‘thread’ in Georgian and viricetes is an official suffix for a virus class). Virology The viruses are enveloped and filamentous. The capsid varies considerably in length – 410–1950 nanometers (nm) – and is 24–38 nm in diameter. The envelope has a monolayer structure and includes di-phytanyl tetraethers lipids. From either end of the viron are protrusions extending from the core through the envelope. The capsid itself is elongated and exhibits helical symmetry. The core itself is helical. There are two major capsid proteins (MCP1 and MCP2). MCP1 and MCP2 form a heterodimer, which wraps around the linear dsDNA genome transforming it into A-form. Interaction between the genome and the MCPs leads to condensation of the genome into the virion superhelix. Genomes are linear, up to 40 kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption to the host cell. Acidianus filamentous virus 1 was found to bind to cellular pili-like appendages. DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. Archaea serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. Virion assembly and egress have been studied in the case of Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus (SIFV). The virions assemble inside the cell. Binding of the major capsid protein dimers to the linear dsDNA genome lead to the assembly of nucleocapsids, which are subsequently enveloped intracellularly through an unknown mechanism. All lipothrixviruses are likely to be lytic viruses. In the case of betalipothrixviruses and deltalipothrixviruses, virions are released through pyramidal portals, referred to as virus-associated pyramids (VAPs). The VAPs of SIFV have a hexagonal base (i.e., constructed from six triangular facets). References External links Viralzone: Lipothrixviridae Virus families
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Osage after the Osage Native American tribe. , a single-turreted Neosho-class river monitor , a vehicle landing ship which served during World War II Sources Osage
The Old Ship Church (also known as the Old Ship Meetinghouse) is a Puritan church built in 1681 in Hingham, Massachusetts. It is the only surviving 17th-century Puritan meetinghouse in America. Its congregation, gathered in 1635 and officially known as First Parish in Hingham, occupies the oldest church building in continuous ecclesiastical use in the United States. On October 9, 1960, it was designated a National Historic Landmark and on November 15, 1966, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Old Ship Church is, according to The New York Times, "the oldest continuously worshiped-in church in North America and the only surviving example in this country of the English Gothic style of the 17th century. The more familiar delicately spired white Colonial churches of New England would not be built for more than half a century." Within the church, "the ceiling, made of great oak beams, looks like the inverted frame of a ship," notes The Washington Post. "Built in 1681, it is the oldest church in continuous use as a house of worship in North America." The most distinctive feature of the structure is its Hammerbeam roof, a Gothic open timber construction, the most well-known example being that of Westminster Hall. Some of those working on the soaring structure were no doubt ship carpenters; others were East Anglians familiar with the method of constructing a hammerbeam roof. History The first minister of the Hingham congregation who built Old Ship was the Rev. Peter Hobart, who had attended what was then Puritan-dominated University of Cambridge. Natives of Hingham in the county of Norfolk in East Anglia, Peter Hobart, his father Edmund and his brother Capt. Joshua Hobart were among Hingham's most prominent early settlers. Edmund Hobart and his wife Margaret (Dewey), said Cotton Mather, "were eminent for piety ... and feared God above many." Assisting Hobart in the foundation of the congregation was Rev. Robert Peck, Hobart's senior and formerly rector of St Andrew's Church in Hingham, Norfolk. After 44 years of service, minister Peter Hobart died on January 20, 1679, on the eve of the building of the new house of worship. Hobart's diary of events in Hingham, begun in the year 1635, was continued on his death by his son David. By the time Old Ship was built, Harvard-educated Rev. John Norton, who had been ordained by Peter Hobart, had assumed Hobart's ministry. While Rev. Norton was the first pastor of the congregation at its new home in Old Ship Church, Rev. Peter Hobart was the founder of the congregation, although he died before the new meetinghouse was finished. Old Ship Church deacon John Leavitt, whose son John married Rev. Hobart's daughter Bathsheba, was deacon when Old Ship was constructed and he argued forcefully for the construction of a new meetinghouse. The matter of replacing the old thatched log meeting house stirred intense emotion in Hingham, and it took two heated town meetings to settle on a site for the new edifice, which was built on land donated by Capt. Joshua Hobart, brother of Rev. Peter Hobart. Ultimately, the town appropriated £430 for the new building, said to be the equal of any in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The modern frame edifice, devoid of ornamentation, was raised in 1681, and accommodated its first worship service the following year. Old Ship, with its stark wooden pulpit and stripped-down interior, could not have been further from the houses of worship known to many of the East Anglians who settled Hingham, Massachusetts. It was, in a sense, the anti-Wool church. The program celebrating the 275th anniversary of the raising of the Old Ship Church in July 1956 described the raising of the meetinghouse: The side galleries were added to the building in 1730 and 1755. Originally the building was furnished with backless wooden benches, with the first box pews being installed in 1755. In the Victorian period, the box pews were removed and replaced with curved pews fanning outward from the pulpit, while the walls were papered and drapes were added to the windows. The church was restored to its current appearance, reflecting its 17th and 18th century characteristics, in 1930. Current use The current minister is Kenneth Read-Brown, a descendant of Rev. Peter Hobart. The congregation is Unitarian Universalist and is a Welcoming Congregation. Some of the meetinghouse furnishings still in use date to its founding: Old Ship's christening bowl, for instance, was made before 1600 and was likely brought to the Massachusetts Bay Colony by emigrants from Hingham, England. Old Ship Burying Ground Old Ship Church is surrounded by a large colonial graveyard amidst gently undulating hills. The graveyard, Hingham Cemetery, is sometimes called the First Settlers cemetery, though more commonly it is called Old Ship Church Cemetery, even though it is independent of the Old Ship Church. It was originally part of a tract of land granted by the town to Thomas Gill, one of Hingham's earliest settlers. (It now comprises , and is the largest and oldest cemetery in Hingham.) Buried within its precincts are many of Hingham's earliest settlers and their descendants, including members of the Cushing, Hersey, Otis, Chaffee, Lane, Andrews, Hobart, Loring, Bates, Leavitt, Thaxter, Tower, Beal, Lincoln, Fearing and other prominent early families. Among the prominent individuals buried in the graveyard are: Thomas Joy (1618–1678), builder of the first statehouse in Boston (the building was built of timber) and designer of the Old Ship Church; Rev. Peter Hobart (1604–1679), pastor of Old Ship Church, ancestor of Senator John Kerry; Edmund Hobart, father of Rev. Peter, instrumental in founding Hingham, ancestor of John Henry Hobart; William Hersey, one of Hingham's first settlers, ancestor of writer John Hersey; Col. Samuel Thaxter (1665–1740), one of "His Majesty's Council and Col. of His Regiment," delegate to the General Court and Hingham selectman; Col. Benjamin Lincoln (1699–1771), member of "His Majesty's Council," town selectman, town clerk, husband of Elizabeth Thaxter (daughter of Col. Samuel Thaxter), and father of Major General Benjamin Lincoln; Mrs. Sarah Langley Hersey Derby (1714–1790), founder of Derby Academy in Hingham, widow of Dr. Ezekiel Hersey and of Salem merchant Richard Derby, father of Elias Hasket Derby; Mary Revere Lincoln (1770–1853), daughter of Paul Revere; Governor John Albion Andrew (1818–1867), Civil War governor of Massachusetts, instrumental in founding the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Regiments, the first regiments of black infantry in the Civil War; John Davis Long (1838-1915), 32nd Governor of Massachusetts and Secretary of the Navy;(Wilmon Brewer (1895–1998), author/poet, philanthropist (major donations: Old Ordinary tavern to the town of Hingham, More-Brewer Conservation Area, World's End Park); Solomon Lincoln (1804–1881), Hingham attorney, author of first history of Hingham (1827), state senator, president of Boston's Webster Bank, and president of the Hingham Cemetery Corporation. The oldest burials date from at least 1672, before the building of the current meeting house. The Settlers' Monument in Old Ship burying ground marks the place where the remains of Hingham's earliest settlers were moved after their initial burying place along modern-day Main Street, in front of Old Ship Church, was excavated for the passage of horse-drawn trolleys about 1835. Memorial Bell Tower Also in the grounds, situated close to the church, is the Hingham Memorial Bell Tower, erected in 1912 to commemorate the 275th anniversary of the founding of Hingham, and in memory of the town's founders. The tower contains ten bells hung for change ringing, also made in 1912 by Mears & Stainbank, of Whitechapel, London. The bells were cast specifically in order to be similar to the bells hung in St Andrew's Church in Hingham, Norfolk, which the town's founders would have heard while living in England, and are tuned to the same key of E. Gallery See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts National Register of Historic Places listings in Plymouth County, Massachusetts First Unitarian Church in Westport List of the oldest churches in the United States Notes Citations References External links Official website National Historic Landmark listing National Park Service Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings National Register listings for Plymouth County Old Ship Historic Marker Reverend Peter Hobart Historic Marker Historic Churches of America, Nellie Urner Wallington, 1907 Hingham Cemetery Facts, Lucinda Day (compiler), Hingham Cemetery Corporation Churches completed in 1681 National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Unitarian Universalist churches in Massachusetts New England Puritanism Buildings and structures in Hingham, Massachusetts Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Cemeteries in Plymouth County, Massachusetts English Gothic architecture National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts Gothic Revival architecture in Massachusetts 1681 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony British colonial architecture in the United States Colonial architecture in Massachusetts 17th-century churches in the United States Churches in Plymouth County, Massachusetts Cemeteries established in the 17th century
Basic Beat Recordings is an independent dance record label from Rotterdam in the Netherlands. The label was founded by Ron Hofland and his then business partner Ronald Molendijk and started releasing records in the early 1990s. Artists such as DJ Tiësto and Ferry Corsten released a number of early records on labels associated with this company before finding international fame, whilst Hugo Zentveld and Aldwin Oomen of Nightbreed and Angel City, have released a number of records by their production projects on sublabels such as Guardian Angel. The label operated a physical record store in the Netherlands until 2007. Affiliated labels 303F Records B-House Records Basic Energy Buckle Up Records Denz Da Denz Recordings Guardian Angel Manual Music Search Records Straddle Up Music Technique Records Trashcan Records See also List of record labels References External links Official site Basic Beat Recordings at Discogs Dutch independent record labels Electronic dance music record labels
The Wolseley ring was a group of 19th century British army officers loyal to Garnet Wolseley and considered by him to be clever, brave, experienced and hard-working. After the Crimean War Wolseley started to keep a note of the best officers he met, and began gathering a network of able military men loyal to him. There were other circles around other military leaders; later these would dwindle as more formal selection and promotion procedures became established. The 'ring' itself was rooted in Wolseley's appointments for the Ashanti Campaign of 1873-4, in which Wolseley led British troops to take control of the Gold Coast. He chose officers he had got to know during his Red River Campaign in Canada in 1870: John Carstairs McNeill William Francis Butler Redvers Henry Buller Hugh McCalmont as well as other key figures: Henry Brackenbury John Frederick Maurice George Pomeroy Colley Baker Creed Russell Henry Evelyn Wood John Plumptre Carr Glyn Men from this group accompanied Wolseley on his various projects for about a decade. They are sometimes called the Ashanti Ring, or, in a punning reference to Wolseley's first name, the Garnet Ring. Later they were the "Africans", against the "Indians" of the rival Roberts Ring of Lord Roberts and Herbert Kitchener during the Boer War. The Secretary for War Lord Lansdowne had worked with Roberts in India, so was alienated from Wolseley and most of the War Office. The Cabinet made Wolseley Commander-in-Chief of the Army, and Roberts was fobbed off as the Commander-in-Chief in Ireland. But during the Boer War, Roberts and then Kitchener replaced Buller of the Wolseley Ring. See also Anglo-Asante Wars Ashanti Kingdom Cardwell Reforms Further reading (indexed under Roberts and Wolseley Rings). 19th-century history of the British Army
Q35 may refer to: Q35 (New York City bus) Changhe Q35, a Chinese crossover Fatir, the 35th surah of the Quran London Underground Q35 Stock Samsung Sens Q35, a laptop computer Intel Q35, an Intel chipset
Mthembu v Letsela and Another, an important case in South African customary law, was heard in the Transvaal Provincial Division by Le Roux J on 21 November 1996, with judgment handed down on 25 November. The rule of African customary law which generally excludes African women from intestate succession was recognised by section 23 of the Black Administration Act and the regulations framed thereunder, especially regulation 2, promulgated on 6 February 1987, in Government Gazette 10601, as Government Notice R200, making black law and custom applicable to the devolution of the estate of a deceased black person. It was common cause in the present case that this system applied the principle of a male primogeniture: The estate sought a male heir, whether a descendant or a parent or a grandparent. The question that had to be considered was whether this rule of succession unfairly discriminated between persons on grounds of sex or gender, and was in conflict with the provisions of section 8 of the Interim Constitution. It was common cause that, in rural areas where this customary rule most frequently found its application, the devolution of the deceased's property unto the male heir involved a concomitant duty of support and protection of the woman or women to whom he was married by customary law, and of the children procreated under that system and belonging to a particular house. A widow in particular might remain at the deceased's homestead and continue to use the estate property, and the heir could not eject her at his whim. If it was accepted that the duty to provide sustenance, maintenance and shelter is a necessary corollary of the system of primogeniture, the court found, it was difficult to equate this form of differentiation between men and women with the concept of "unfair discrimination" as used in section 8 of the Constitution. In view of the manifest acknowledgement of customary law as a system existing parallel to the common law by the Constitution, and the freedom granted to persons to choose this system as governing their relationships, it could not be accepted that the succession rule was necessarily in conflict with section 8. Nor was it contrary to public policy or natural justice as envisaged in the Law of Evidence Amendment Act. There are, the court noted, other instances where a rule differentiates between men and women, but which no right-minded person considers to be unfairly discriminatory: for example, the provision of separate toilet facilities. It followed that, even if this rule of succession were prima facie discriminatory on the grounds of sex or gender, and the presumption contained in section 8(4) of the Interim Constitution were to come into operation, this presumption had been refuted by the concomitant duty of support. The rights conferred by this customary rule were not inconsistent with the fundamental rights contained in chapter 3 of the Interim Constitution and the injunction found in section 33(3) could accordingly be implemented: namely, to construe the chapter in such a way as not to negate those rights. The judgment in Mthembu v Letsela was overturned by the Constitutional Court in Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha in which the customary principle of primogeniture was found to be unconstitutional. See also Customary law Customary law in South Africa References Mthembu v Letsela and Another 1997 (2) SA 936 (T). 2000 Case 71/98 SAFLII Notes 1996 in South African law 1996 in case law Transvaal Provincial Division cases South African customary case law
Lloyd Montgomery Garmadon is a fictional character in the computer-animated television series Ninjago (previously known as Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu) which is produced by The Lego Group. He was created by the original Ninjago screenwriters, Dan and Kevin Hageman, and first appeared in the first season of Ninjago, titled Rise of the Snakes, released in December 2011. A different incarnation of Lloyd also serves as the main protagonist of The Lego Ninjago Movie, released in September 2017. Jillian Michaels voiced Lloyd in the first seven seasons of the television series before being replaced by Sam Vincent from the eighth season onward. Dave Franco voices the character in the film. In the series, Lloyd develops from a young boy aspiring to become a powerful villain like his father, Lord Garmadon, to his main role as the legendary Green Ninja, a prophesied hero within the lore of the series who is destined to protect the land of Ninjago from the forces of evil. He is also the Elemental Master of Energy, which gives him a range of elemental powers, such as shooting green energy beams at enemies and passively shielding his body. Lloyd is portrayed as the strongest member and eventual leader of a team of six teenage ninja, which is formed in the pilot season of Ninjago. The original team consists of just four members, and Lloyd joins their team in the first season. In both the series and film, the storyline repeatedly places him in opposition to Lord Garmadon, his father and prophesied enemy. Although many other villains appear in the series, this complicated relationship between father and son is an overarching storyline in the show's portrayal of the battle between good and evil. From its launch, the Ninjago series achieved continued popularity amongst its target audience, with Lloyd being a consistently popular character. He is depicted in numerous short films, children's books, graphic novels and other media, and has also been repeatedly released in Lego minifigure form as part of the Lego Ninjago sets that coincide with each Ninjago season. Concept and creation Development In 2009, The Lego Group proposed to make a series about ninja, deciding that there would be four ninja with elemental powers. The Lego Ninjago theme concept originated in the Lego Ninja theme, which was released by Lego in 1998. In 2011, Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu was launched and included some of the concepts from the Lego Ninja theme, such as dragons and fortresses, but also combined this with a modern setting. The series was created by Michael Hegner and Tommy Andreasen, two Danish film producers. The character of Lloyd Garmadon was conceived by two screenwriters, Dan and Kevin Hageman following the pilot season. The first sketch depicting Lloyd Garmadon was created in 2010 by co-creator Tommy Andreasen. The Hageman Brothers have stated that "Lloyd" Garmadon was created as a pun on "Lord" Garmadon. The Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu series was animated in Copenhagen, Denmark, by Wil Film ApS for its ten-season run. The production was relocated to WildBrain Studios in Canada with the release of the eleventh season titled Secrets of the Forbidden Spinjitzu and renamed Ninjago. This marked the use of new animation styles, including anime-style 2D animation, as a way to experiment with the storyline and add new creativity to the show. The run-time for the show was also revised from 22 minutes to 11 minutes. The eighth season titled Sons of Garmadon implemented a new phase for the ninjas' designs, which were now based on the designs of their movie counterparts in The Lego Ninjago Movie. Not only were the character appearances updated, but Lloyd was presented as noticeably older in appearance, which was further illustrated by the introduction of a new voice actor. The design changes aimed to help new fans of the movie transition to the television series. Voice actors For seasons one to seven of the Ninjago series, Lloyd was voiced by Jillian Michaels. However, after the release of The Lego Ninjago Movie and the subsequent changes in character designs in season 8, Lloyd was voiced by Sam Vincent. In the 2017 film, titled The Lego Ninjago Movie, Lloyd was voiced by Dave Franco. Description Lloyd is recognisable by his green gi, the ninja outfit that he typically wears in the Ninjago series and across the Lego Ninjago franchise. The design of his gi changes multiple times in the series, but he is usually depicted wearing a hood and mask when in combat. He is typically portrayed using a katana as his signature weapon. When he is introduced in the first season of Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu, he appears as a young boy, with blonde hair in a bowl-cut style, wearing a black, hooded outfit. However, over the course of the series he is rapidly aged up to a young teenager with long, blonde, tousled hair. In his first appearance, Lloyd is portrayed as a minor antagonist who makes childish attempts to perform evil deeds, such as robbing villagers of candy and pulling pranks. He is also depicted attempting to conquer Ninjago, but failing due to his immaturity. As the story develops, he is taken into the care of his uncle, Sensei Wu, and turned from the path of evil. Throughout subsequent seasons, Lloyd's character is developed from a mischievous child into a wise and skilled ninja. By the seventh season, titled Hands of Time, he is portrayed as a fully developed character, ready to take the role of master and eventual leader of the team. At the beginning of the eighth season, titled Sons of Garmadon, Lloyd is further developed into a late teen and appears visibly older, having longer hair and a lower voice. His eyes are green, reflecting his green elemental power, and typically glow in combat scenes. His character is also presented as more mature, and within the dialogue, he is often shown displaying wisdom beyond his years. From the eleventh season, Lloyd's character is consistently portrayed as a calm and confident team leader, able to make quick decisions when facing adversity. Chronologically, Lloyd is the youngest member of the ninja team (although his age is not clearly defined) while the other ninja are described as "grown-up teenagers". In The Lego Ninjago Movie, Lloyd's age is stated to be 16. Abilities In the Ninjago series, Lloyd is described as an "Elemental Master", one of several characters who can manipulate an "element". In Lloyd's case, he is the Elemental Master of Energy, which gives him the ability to manipulate energy in various ways, such as shooting green energy blasts at his enemies, creating explosions of energy and creating an energy shield to protect his body from attack. These powers first begin to develop in the second season, Legacy of the Green Ninja. Lloyd's powers are shown to become progressively stronger, as he develops the ability to form balls of energy and shoot energy blasts. Towards the end of the second season, Lloyd's powers are depicted at their greatest strength when he reaches his true potential, becoming the Golden Ninja. He uses this "Golden Power" to destroy the Overlord, the main antagonist of the season, in an explosion of light. However, in the third season, titled Rebooted, Lloyd voluntarily gives up his Golden Power, leaving just his elemental energy powers remaining. In early seasons, Lloyd's powers are shown to be connected to the elemental powers of the original four ninja. He is consistently portrayed as the strongest Elemental Master, which is explained by the fact that he can harness all of other ninja's elemental powers. Over the course of the series, Lloyd's elemental power is sometimes temporarily lost as a result of both internal and external forces to serve the storyline. This is particularly evident in the eighth season Sons of Garmadon and ninth season Hunted, in which Lloyd is shown to completely lose his elemental powers after losing a brutal fight with his father, Lord Garmadon. Like the other ninja, Lloyd also has the ability to use his elemental powers to summon an elemental vehicle or energy dragon at will. In the first season, Lloyd is shown to have no experience in combat, but is subsequently trained by the ninja in the second season. As part of this combat training, Lloyd is shown to develop his skills in the art of "Spinjitzu", a fictional martial arts technique, in which the characters rotate rapidly to create a tornado of their elemental power and hit enemies in the process. When Lloyd is developed into a young teenager, he is shown to have acquired the physical skill and focus to become a confident and skilled warrior. In addition to these skills, the writers also depict Lloyd and the ninja repeatedly using Spinjitzu to form a "Tornado of Creation" to defeat enemies, which involves the characters combining their individual Spinjitzu tornadoes. In the fifth season titled Possession, a new skill called "Airjitzu" is introduced, which is similar to Spinjitzu, but allows the characters to levitate off the ground. Appearances Ninjago TV series From his first appearance in the television series in 2011, Lloyd's fictional family history is placed at the center of both the main storyline and the lore of the show. Significantly, he is positioned as the grandson of the First Spinjitzu Master, who is described as the legendary inventor of the show's fictional martial art of "Spinjitzu" and the creator of Ninjago. He is also the son of Lord Garmadon, the elder son of the First Spinjitzu Master, and Misako, an archaeologist. The series incorporates a fictional backstory relating how Lloyd's father was consumed by darkness and cast into another realm called the Underworld by Lloyd's uncle, Wu. These events are shown to have a major impact on Lloyd's character, who is presented growing up without knowing his father, but desiring to follow in his footsteps. In the first season, the prophecy of the Green Ninja is revealed, who, according to the lore of the show, is destined to rise above the other ninja and save Ninjago from a dark lord. Lloyd makes his debut in the first season, Rise of the Snakes, as a mischievous child desiring to be an evil warlord like his father. The story portrays him attempting to prove himself by conquering Ninjago, but failing. This then leads to him being taken into the care of Master Wu. It is later revealed that Lloyd is destined to become the prophesied Green Ninja, which consequently results in an inevitable confrontation with his father. In the second season, titled Legacy of the Green Ninja, the story centers on the ninja training Lloyd to develop his fighting skills and learn the fictional martial art of Spinjitzu. Meanwhile, his father is shown plotting to conquer Ninjago through various devious plans. In the episode "Child's Play", Lloyd is magically aged up to an adolescent. The show illustrates his powers developing in strength until the season finale, which culminates in Lloyd unlocking his "Golden Power" and defeating the Overlord, an entity of pure evil. In the third season, Rebooted, the Overlord returns as a digital entity without physical form. The story depicts him capturing Lloyd and draining him of most of his Golden Power. In the season finale, the Digital Overlord is ultimately defeated by a member of the ninja team named Zane, who is seemingly destroyed. In the final episode, the story shows how this loss results in the dissolution of the ninja team. However, in the following season, Lloyd is shown attempting to rebuild it. The fourth season, titled Tournament of Elements, involves the ninja travelling to an island in search of Zane, whom they believe is alive on the island, and competing in season antagonist Master Chen's Tournament of Elements. After discovering Chen's true plan to conquer Ninjago, Lloyd and the ninja are shown making an alliance with several other Elemental Masters to fight against Chen and his army. The plot is resolved with Garmadon making the decision to sacrifice himself in order to save Ninjago, which is shown to leave Lloyd with feelings of loss for his father. In the fifth season, titled Possession, events in the story show Lloyd being possessed by the spirit of an Elemental Master named Morro, with his body taking an evil form for the majority of the season. In subsequent seasons, the ninja are pitted against other villains, including an evil genie named Nadakhan in the sixth season, Skybound, and Krux and Acronix, the Elemental Masters of time, in the seventh season, Hands of Time. Although the writers show him initially struggling to gain the respect of the ninja, Lloyd eventually develops the confidence and maturity to become the permanent leader of the team. In the eighth season, Sons of Garmadon, Lloyd is portrayed developing romantic feelings for a character named Princess Harumi, who is eventually revealed to be "The Quiet One", the leader of a criminal biker gang called the Sons of Garmadon. She resurrects Lord Garmadon in a ritual that only brings back his evil characteristics. This event is shown to have enormous impact on Lloyd, who decides to confront his father alone, but is nearly killed and loses his elemental powers. In the ninth season titled Hunted, Garmadon conquers Ninjago with a giant stone monster, forcing Lloyd to go into hiding. However, Lloyd finds his voice and broadcasts a message of hope to the people of Ninjago. The story culminates in Lloyd facing Garmadon once more and finally defeating him after learning to resist his attacks rather than fight back. In the following seasons, Lloyd is portrayed leading the ninja to successfully defeat several other villains and their armies, including a demonic race called the Oni in the tenth season, March of the Oni, a snake queen named Aspheera in the eleventh season, Secrets of the Forbidden Spinjitzu, a sentient video game named Unagami in the twelfth season, Prime Empire, an evil Skull Sorcerer in the thirteenth season, Master of the Mountain, an underwater tyrant named Prince Kalmaar in the fourteenth season, Seabound, and a council made up of their previous adversaries by the Overlord in the final season, Crystalized. Ninjago: Dragons Rising Several years after a coalescence that merged all the realms, Lloyd makes his return to train Arin, a fan whom he once saved during the coalescence, and a self-taught Spinjitzu Master and Sora, a prodigy inventor and Elemental Master of Technology, as ninja. Together, they protect Riyu, a baby dragon with connections to Sora's power, and source dragons from a faction of dragon hunters called the Claws of Imperium, who hail from Imperium, Sora's former home realm, all the while recruiting his old ninja friends, who were separated due to the Merge. The Lego Ninjago Movie Lloyd is the protagonist of The Lego Ninjago Movie, released in 2017. Although the plot is not directly related to the Ninjago television series, Lloyd retains his role as the Green Ninja and leader of the secret ninja force. The film focuses on Lloyd defending Ninjago City from his evil father, Lord Garmadon, who makes regular attempts to conquer Ninjago City with the help of his Shark Army. Lloyd is universally despised for being the son of an evil warlord, but the citizens of Ninjago City are unaware that he is the Green Ninja. Lloyd and the ninja fight Garmadon and his minions using their mechs, until Lloyd uses the "Ultimate Weapon" (a laser pointer) on Garmadon, which attracts a live-action cat named Meowthra, who starts to destroy the city. To put an end to the destruction, Lloyd and the ninja must go on a perilous journey to find the "Ultimate, Ultimate Weapon" with Garmadon in tow. On the journey, Lloyd spends time with his father and bonds with him in the process. At the end of the film, Lloyd reveals that he is the Green Ninja, having saved Ninjago City from Meowthra, and is reconciled with his father. He also learns that his green energy power means life and connects all living things in the way that he is connected to his family and the ninja. Merchandise Lloyd and the ninja have been released numerous times in Lego minifigure form, as part of the Lego Ninjago playsets developed alongside the series. Since 2011, the Lego Ninjago themed sets have been released in waves each year to correspond with the Ninjago seasons. The playsets in each wave feature some of the main locations, vehicles, mechs, weapons and characters from the corresponding season, including Lloyd and the ninja dressed in their current gi designs. Other media Lloyd appears alongside the other ninja characters in magazines, short films, video games, coloring books, graphic novels, children's books, and a theme park ride. In 2014, he also makes a cameo appearance in The Lego Movie. A 4D short animated film titled Lego Ninjago: Master of the 4th Dimension, was released in Legoland on January 12, 2018, featuring Lloyd and the ninja. The plot focuses on Master Wu teaching the ninja a lesson about the Scroll of the 4th Dimension, which affects gravity and organized matter. Lloyd and the ninja also appear in an interactive theme park ride called Lego Ninjago: The Ride at Legoland. Various accompanying books to the Ninjago series have been produced featuring Lloyd and the ninja. A total of 12 graphic novels have been published, written by Greg Farshtey. Since the beginning of 2012, a Lego Ninjago magazine has been released in the UK and the Netherlands every month, containing a comic strip, facts, puzzles, posters, competitions and other activities. Several mini-movies have been produced alongside the Ninjago television series, which include appearances from Lloyd and the ninja: Pilot Episode Mini-movies - six short films that take place immediately after the pilot season, released in 2011Chen Mini-movies - five mini-movies that focus on Master Chen and his chair from Tournament of Elements, released in 2015Tall Tales - six mini-movies that focus on the Sky Pirates of Skybound, released in 2016Wu's Teas - a collection of 20 Ninjago shorts that focus on Master Wu's tea shop, released in 2017Happy Birthday To You! - a one-minute short, released on Netflix on September 14, 2017Ninjago: Decoded - a mini-series of ten episodes which takes place between Hands of Time and Sons of Garmadon, released on November 27, 2017Tales from the Monastery of Spinjitzu - six Ninjago: Legacy films from the Lego website, released December 19, 2018Prime Empire Original Shorts - six Ninjago shorts that provide additional background information about Prime Empire, released in 2020Ninjago: Reimagined - five shorts in different animations styles released in 2021 to celebrate the series' 10th anniversaryThe Virtues of Spinjitzu - six Ninjago shorts in which Master Wu teaches the six virtues of Spinjitzu, released in 2022 Lloyd appears as a playable character in a variety of video games and mobile games, including Lego Ninjago: Nindroids (2014), The Lego Movie Video Game, Lego Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin (2015), Lego Dimensions (2015), Lego Worlds (2017), The Lego Ninjago Movie Video Game (2017), Lego Brawls (2019) and Lego Legacy: Heroes Unboxed (2020). Mascots of the character appeared at various events and at shopping centers across the UK in 2016 and 2017. Reception Lloyd's turbulent relationship with his father, Lord Garmadon, received some positive comments among film critics following his appearance in The Lego Ninjago Movie. Movieguide noted that the movie has a "strong pro-family worldview", and that "the reconciliation between Lloyd and his father leads to the father’s redemption" and that "the movie promotes family reconciliation". Julian Roman of Movieweb also commented that "The Lego Ninjago Movie is essentially about a father and son reconnecting". On August 13, 2021, Graeme Virtue of The Guardian included Lloyd Garmadon on a list of "ten of the best ninjas in pop culture". Influence and legacy Lloyd has become a widely recognizable character among the show's target audience, who are mainly primary-aged children and teenagers. His appearance as the protagonist in The Lego Ninjago Movie in 2017 introduced the character to a wider mainstream audience. Lloyd's popularity as a character has been maintained for over a decade, since his first appearance in 2011. This resulted in many primary-aged children growing up watching the character and taking their appreciation into adulthood. The popularity of the character has been partly attributed to his relatability as a typical teenager with everyday problems. Christopher Stamp, Senior Designer at Lego, stated, "None of the characters are perfect, they are all flawed and I think that is something everyone can relate to". This relatability was also demonstrated in The Lego Ninjago Movie. Dave Franco, voice actor of Lloyd in the movie, commented "It’s particularly hard for Lloyd because, during the day, he's a tortured high school kid and everyone hates him because of the fact his dad is so awful. But then, at night, he becomes the Green Ninja and he protects everyone from Garmadon, yet he doesn't get any of the glory because no one knows he's the Green Ninja". Lloyd's role as the protagonist has been influential in terms of the messaging that has come out of the show and the movie. Plugged In noted that Lloyd's story is an exploration of familial bonds and focuses on the character's longing for a deeper father-son connection. "As the story unfolds, we witness the transforming power of a loving relationship as well as the difference forgiveness and communication can make in a broken one". The Ninjago series intentionally tried to teach children messages about the importance of inclusivity, friendship, confidence, and staying true to oneself, in which Lloyd embodies a positive role model to children. Michael Svane Knap remarked that "Some have grown up with Lego Ninjago and are now expressing their gratitude and telling us how they have learned lifelong skills". See also Lego Ninjago Ninjago (TV series) List of Ninjago episodes List of Ninjago characters The Lego Ninjago Movie The Lego Ninjago Movie (Lego theme) The Lego Ninjago Movie Video Game References Works cited Other references Lego Ninjago Fictional ninja Child superheroes Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities Fictional male martial artists Fictional swordfighters Male characters in animated series Animated human characters Child characters in animated television series Television characters introduced in 2011 Teenage superheroes Teenage characters in animated films Teenage characters in television Fictional half-demons
Howard Adelman (January 7, 1938 – July 23, 2023) was a Canadian philosopher and university professor. He retired as Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at York University in 2003. Adelman was one of the founders of Rochdale College, as well as the founder and director of York's Centre for Refugee Studies. He was editor of Refuge for ten years, and since his retirement he has received several honorary university and governmental appointments in Canada and abroad. Adelman was the recipient of numerous awards and grants, and presented the inaugural lecture in a series named in his honor at York University in 2008. Biography Early life and career Howard Adelman was born January 7, 1938, in Toronto, Ontario. He earned a B.A. (1960), M.A. (1963), and Ph.D. (1971) in philosophy from the University of Toronto, and was a member of the faculty at York University in Toronto from 1966 until his retirement in 2003. As a nineteen-year-old philosophy student, Adelman was hired in 1958 by the Campus Co-operative to meet a growing need for student housing at the University of Toronto. With Adelman's advice, Campus Co-op acquired additional properties and formed Co-operative College Residences Inc., a non-profit offshoot. Later, while a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Toronto (1963–1964) and assistant professor at York University (1966–1970), Adelman was one of the principal founders of Rochdale College, an experimental "free university" organized on the cooperative principle of its British namesake. After obtaining federal mortgages at well below market rates, Campus Co-op incorporated Rochdale College in 1964. An energetic and entrepreneurial spirit with boundless imagination and a playful sense of humor, at that time Adelman was prone to saying he "teaches at the University of Toronto and studies at Rochdale." Adelman was the founder and director of York's Centre for Refugee Studies (1988–1993) and for ten years he was editor of Canada's periodical on refugees, Refuge until 1993. Service and recognition Adelman served in many university positions at York University, including acting dean of Atkinson College, two terms as director of the graduate program in philosophy, and chair of the Department of Philosophy at York University. He served as Vice-Chair, York University Senate (1980–81), and as its Chair (1981–82). Adelman served as National Chair of Canadian Professors for Peace in the Middle East (1983–84), and Director of the Refugee Documentation Project (1982–86). In 2008 Adelman was honored as the keynote speaker at the First Annual Howard Adelman Lecture in celebration of the Centre for Refugee Studies’ 20th anniversary. Held during Refugee Rights Week in Toronto, Adelman reviewed recent research on refugees, suggesting it is probably more beneficial than detrimental to assist refugees. Post-retirement After retiring in 2003, Adelman was appointed visiting professor at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University in 2004. In 2008, Adelman became a senior research fellow at the Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance at Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia. He served as the deputy convener of GovNet, a consortium of researchers on governance issues in Australia, and as research director of the International Consortium of Research on Governance of the Health Workforce. He was producer and host of a weekly television program, Israel Today, broadcast in Canada and parts of the United States. In December 2016, Adelman was named a Member of the Order of Canada. Howard Adelman died on July 23, 2023, at the age of 85. Scholarship The author, coauthor or editor of 23 scholarly books and over 100 articles and book chapters, in addition to numerous other papers, addresses, and professional reports, Adelman has written extensively on the Middle East, humanitarian intervention, membership rights, ethics, early warning and conflict management, refugee repatriation, policy and resettlement, including his contribution in 2000 to the Institutional Component of the Early Warning and Conflict Management System set up by IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development) for the Horn of Africa. Perhaps best known for his work in applied philosophy concerning refugees, immigration policy and genocide, Adelman published a major study entitled Early Warning and Conflict Management: Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda (1996) as part of the 5 volume study International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience. In 1999, he co-edited The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire, already regarded a classic on the subject. Adelman served as an associate editor for the Macmillan three-volume Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity (2005). These efforts earned international acclaim. His earlier works included publications on social criticism and reform of universities, including The University Game, co-edited with Dennis Lee (1968), The Beds of Academe (1970), and The Holiversity (1973). Selected publications Military Intervention and Non-Intervention in the Twenty-First Century: An Australian Perspective, with Charles Sampford. 2009. New York: Routledge. Rites of Return, with Elazar Barkan. 2009. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Protracted Displacement in Asia: No Place to Call Home. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2008. "Blaming the United Nations." 2008. Journal of International Political Theory. 4 (April): 9–33 Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. 3 vols. Edited with Dinah Shelton. Detroit: Thomson/Gale, 2005. War and Peace in Zaire-Congo: Analyzing and Evaluating Intervention, 1996–1997. With Govind C. Rao. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2004. "From Refugees to Forced Migration: The UNHCR and Human Security. 2001. International Migration Review 35 (Spring 2001): 7–32. "Rwanda Revisited: In Search for Lessons." 2000. Journal of Genocide Research 2: 431–444. "Preventing Genocide: The Case of Rwanda," In Genocide: Essays Toward Understanding Early-Warning and Prevention, Roger W. Smith, ed. Williamsburg: Virginia: Association of Genocide Scholars, 1999. The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire. Edited with Astri Suhrke. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1999. "The Ethics of Intervention – Rwanda." In Dilemmas of Intervention: Sovereignty vs. Responsibility. Richard H. Ulman and Michael Keren, eds. London: Frank Cass Publications, 1999. "Control and Prevention: Canadian Refugee Policy: The Case of Rwanda." In Immigration and Refugee Policy: Canada and Europe. Howard Adelman, ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998. "Difficulties in Early Warning: Networking and Conflict Management." In Early Warning and Conflict Prevention: Limitations and Opportunities. Alfred van Staden and Klaas van Walraven, eds. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1998. Early Warning: Theory and Practice. Edited with Susan Schmeidl. New York: Columbia University Press On Line, 1998. "Early Warning and Prevention: The Case of Rwanda," In Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes. Frances Nicholson, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. "Lamentations: The Death and Rebirth of the Civil Society or The Wisdom of the Alien Other in a Global Civilization." In Devolution and Post-Multiculturalism, Michael Lanphier, ed. Toronto: Artemis, 1998. Membership and Dismemberment: The Body Politic and Genocide in Rwanda. New York: Columbia University Press, Columbia International Affairs Online, 1998. "Modernity, Globalization, Refugees and Displacement." In Refugees, Contemporary Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration, Alastair Ager, ed. New York: Cassell Publishers, 1998. "State Crime and Migration" In Migration and Crime, Alex P. Schmid, ed. Milan: ISPAC, 1998. "Why Refugee Warriors Are Threats." 1998. Journal of Conflict Studies 18 (Spring): 49–69. "The Failure to Prevent Genocide: The Case of Rwanda." 1997. Mediterranean Social Sciences Review 2 (Winter): 41–65. "Of Human Bondage: Labour, Bondage and Freedom in the Phenomenology." In Essays on Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, Jon Stewart, ed. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997. "Preventing Massacre: The Case of Kibeho." In The Rwanda Crisis: Healing and Protection Strategies, Sally Gacharuzi, ed. Kensington, MD: Overview Press, 1997. Early Warning and Conflict Management, Volume 2 of The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience, edited with Astri Suhrke. Copenhagen: DANIDA, 1996. "Early Warning and Response: Why the International Community Failed to Prevent the Genocide," with Astri Suhrke. 1996. Disasters: The Journal of Disaster Studies and Management 20 (December). "Indifference versus Sentiment." 1996. New Routes: A Journal of Peace Research and Action 1: 11–30. Multiculturalism, Jews, and Identities in Canada. With John H. Simpson. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1996. "The Right of Repatriation - Canadian Refugee Policy: The Case of Rwanda." 1996. International Migration Review 30(Spring), 289–309. "Canada, Quebec and Refugee Claimants." In Is Quebec Nationalism Just: Perspectives from Anglophone Canada. Joseph Carens, ed. McGill-Queens University Press, 1995. Legitimate and Illegitimate Discrimination: New Issues in Migration. Geneva: UNESCO; York Lanes Press, 1995. African Refugees: Development Aid and Repatriation. Edited with John Sorenson. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Canadian Immigration and Refugee Policy and Practice. Berlin: Edition Parabolis, 1994. The Genesis of a Domestic Regime: The Case of Hungary. With Endre Sik and Geza Tessenyi. Toronto: York Lanes Press, 1994. "Immigrants and Refugees: Between the Pre-Modern and the Post-Modern World." 1994. Jahrbuch für Vergeichende Sozialforschung. Berlin: Edition Parabolis, 133–156. Immigration and Refugee Policy: Australia and Canada Compared. 2 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994. (v. 1) 0802076092 (v. 2) "Refugees: A Conceptual View of Current Research and Towards a Research Framework for the 1990s." In Crossing Borders: Transmigration in Asia Pacific. Ong Jin Hui, Chan Kwok Bun and Chew Soon Beng, eds. Singapore: Prentice Hall; Simon & Schuster, 1994. "What Can Europe Learn from Canada?" 1994. Migration: A European Journal of International Migration and Ethnic Relations 1–2: 5–14. "The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of the Kurdish Refugees." 1992. Public Affairs Quarterly 6: 61–88. "Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of the Kurds," 1992. International Journal of Refugee Law 4: 4–38. Refugee Policy: Canada and the United States. Toronto: York University, Centre for Refugee Studies; Staten Island, NY: Center for Migration Studies of New York, 1991. Refuge or Asylum? A Choice for Canada. With C. Michael Lanphier. Toronto: York Lanes Press, 1990. The Indochinese Refugee Movement: The Canadian Experience. Toronto: Operation Lifeline, 1980. "The physiology of the university." Higher Education 7(February): 87–93, 1978. The Holiversity. Toronto: New Press, 1973. Rational Explanation in History. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto. Ottawa: National Library of Canada. Canadian Theses on Microfilm, #11528. Public Archives of Canada, Central Microfilm Unit, 1972. The Beds of Academe. Toronto: Praxis Press, 1969. The University Game, co-edited with Dennis Lee. Toronto: House of Anansi Press, 1968. Notes References External links 1938 births 2023 deaths People from Toronto University of Toronto alumni Academic staff of York University Canadian educators Canadian philosophers Members of the Order of Canada Philosophers of education
Anselmo Alfredo Aieta (November 5, 1896 – September 25, 1964) was an Argentine bandoneon musician, composer and occasional actor. Alfredo De Angelis started in Aieta's orchestra as a pianist. He replaced there Juan Polito. At the same time, Juan d'Arienzo played violin in the same orchestra. Filmography 1924 - Mientras Buenos Aires duerme (actor) 1937 - Los Locos del cuarto piso (actor/musician) References 1896 births 1964 deaths Argentine bandoneonists Argentine tango musicians Musicians from Buenos Aires Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery
Jimmie Corns is a former American football coach. He was the head football coach at Bethel College in North Newton, Kansas for five seasons, from 1972 to 1976, compiling a record of 18–28. Corns coached at Hiawatha High School in Hiawatha, Kansas and then was the head football coach at Highland Community College in Highland, Kansas for one season, in 1971, leading his team to a record of 1–8. Corns resigned from his post at Bethel in December 1976 to enter private business. Head coaching record College Notes References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American football guards Bethel Threshers football coaches College of Emporia Fighting Presbies football players High school football coaches in Kansas Junior college football coaches in the United States
Aniam () is an Israeli settlement organized as a moshav, located in the Golan Heights. The settlement was built in 1978 and falls under the municipal jurisdiction of the Golan Regional Council. In it had a population of . The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Etymology The name Ani'am is derived from a member of the Menashe tribe (1 Chronicles 7:19), whose tribal area included the Golan Heights. Economy The economy of Ani'am is based on the provision of engineering services, on agriculture (mango, citrus vines and grapes for the production of wine and flowers) and the raising of Merino sheep. The village also has a distribution board factory. Many artists have settled in Ani'am and have created the "Artists' boulevard" in the settlement, with art galleries where each artist has built a structure unique to his or her artistic style. There are also boutiques, a pub-restaurant as well as guest cabins in Ani'am. See also Israeli-occupied territories Israeli settlement References Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights Golan Regional Council Moshavim Populated places in Northern District (Israel) Populated places established in 1978 1978 establishments in the Israeli Military Governorate
The 2002 United States Senate election in New Mexico was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Pete Domenici won re-election to a sixth term. , this is the last time a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in New Mexico. Democratic primary Candidates Gloria Tristani, member of the Federal Communications Commission and former Corporation Commissioner of New Mexico Francesa Lobato Don E. Durham (write-in) Results Republican primary Candidates Pete Domenici, incumbent U.S. Senator Orlin G. Cole (write-in) Results General election Candidates Pete Domenici (R), incumbent U.S. Senator Gloria Tristani (D), member of the Federal Communications Commission and former Corporation Commissioner of New Mexico Predictions Results Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican Guadalupe (largest city: Santa Rosa) Mora (largest city: Mora) Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic Santa Fe (largest city: Santa Fe) San Miguel (largest city: Las Vegas) Taos (largest city: Taos) See also 2002 United States Senate election References 2002 New Mexico elections New Mexico 2002
The Institute of Chartered Foresters (ICF) is the professional body for foresters and arboriculturists in the United Kingdom. Its royal charter was granted in 1982. The Institute grants chartered status to individuals following an examination process that includes a period of management or supervisory experience resulting in them being promoted to professional membership. Chartered members are recognised by the designations 'Chartered Arboriculturist' or 'Chartered Forester' and by the postnominals letters MICFor (Member of the Institute of Chartered Foresters). Fellows of the institute bear the postnominals FICFor (Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Foresters) in addition to their designation. Members of the Institute of Chartered Foresters are required to undertake Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and are bound by a Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Current membership numbers are over 1,800. The ICF's mission is to raise professional standards in forestry and arboriculture in order to promote the sustainable management of trees and woodlands throughout the UK. A key element of this mission is raising awareness of the issues facing forestry sector professionals and providing guidance to professionals from other sectors and to the public in relation to these issues. Membership Grades There are 5 membership grades at the Institute of Chartered Foresters: Student Membership - for individuals studying full-time or part-time in higher education in a relevant field Associate Member - for individuals who have completed their initial higher education while they accrue the professional experience required before they can present for the Professional Membership assessments. Professional Membership - available to members on obtaining chartered status through the successful completion of the Professional Membership assessments. Fellowship - awarded to senior members of the institute, in recognition of their expertise and particular contribution to the profession. Supporter - available only to individuals with an interest in forestry and arboriculture but who are not involved in a professional capacity that would allow them to become chartered members. Institute of Chartered Foresters' National Conferences The ICF annual National conferences attracting both members and non-members working in and around the sector in the UK and Internationally and address issues and topics pertinent to the profession. Recent conferences have examined the following subjects: Tree Health, Resilience & Sustainability (2015, Cardiff) The Timber Supply Chain - Dynamics & Opportunities (2016, Newcastle) Innovation for Change - New Drivers for Tomorrow's Forestry (2018, Edinburgh) The UK's Role in Global Forestry (2019, Oxford) In 2011, 2014 and 2017, the Institute hosted the Trees, People and the Built Environment (TPBE) Urban Trees Research Conference as their National Conference. TPBE is a partnership event of some 20 UK forestry, arboriculture and built environment organisations, which presents urban trees research from around the world. The fourth Trees, People and the Built Environment conference was held virtually on 3–4 February 2021, attracting global speakers and delegates from a range of disciplines.roun External links Institute of Chartered Foresters Chartered Foresters Forestry societies 1925 establishments in the United Kingdom
Weishample is a community in Barry Township, Schuylkill County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, about 20 miles northeast of Harrisburg. The town is supposedly named after Rev. John Frederick Weishampel due to his association with John Winebrenner. Unincorporated communities in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania
Serge Giacchini (17 January 1932 – 11 March 2021) was a French bobsledder. He competed in the two-man event at the 1956 Winter Olympics. References External links 1932 births 2021 deaths French male bobsledders Olympic bobsledders for France Bobsledders at the 1956 Winter Olympics Place of birth missing
Esteban Espinosa (born 19 February 1962) is an Ecuadorian former cyclist. He competed in the 1000m time trial and team pursuit events at the 1980 Summer Olympics. References External links 1962 births Living people Ecuadorian male cyclists Olympic cyclists for Ecuador Cyclists at the 1980 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing (living people)
Little Creek Hundred may refer to: Little Creek Hundred, Kent County, an unincorporated subdivision of Kent County, Delaware. Little Creek Hundred, Sussex County, an unincorporated subdivision of Sussex County, Delaware. See List of Delaware Hundreds.
```java /* * * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. / package com.example.android.sunshine; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.support.annotation.NonNull; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; import com.example.android.sunshine.utilities.SunshineDateUtils; import com.example.android.sunshine.utilities.SunshineWeatherUtils; /* * {@link ForecastAdapter} exposes a list of weather forecasts * from a {@link android.database.Cursor} to a {@link android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView}. / class ForecastAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<ForecastAdapter.ForecastAdapterViewHolder> { / The context we use to utility methods, app resources and layout inflaters / private final Context mContext; / * Below, we've defined an interface to handle clicks on items within this Adapter. In the * constructor of our ForecastAdapter, we receive an instance of a class that has implemented * said interface. We store that instance in this variable to call the onClick method whenever * an item is clicked in the list. / final private ForecastAdapterOnClickHandler mClickHandler; /* * The interface that receives onClick messages. / public interface ForecastAdapterOnClickHandler { // TODO (36) Refactor onClick to accept a long as its parameter rather than a String void onClick(String weatherForDay); } private Cursor mCursor; /* * Creates a ForecastAdapter. * * @param context Used to talk to the UI and app resources * @param clickHandler The on-click handler for this adapter. This single handler is called * when an item is clicked. / public ForecastAdapter(@NonNull Context context, ForecastAdapterOnClickHandler clickHandler) { mContext = context; mClickHandler = clickHandler; } /* * This gets called when each new ViewHolder is created. This happens when the RecyclerView * is laid out. Enough ViewHolders will be created to fill the screen and allow for scrolling. * * @param viewGroup The ViewGroup that these ViewHolders are contained within. * @param viewType If your RecyclerView has more than one type of item (like ours does) you * can use this viewType integer to provide a different layout. See * {@link android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.Adapter#getItemViewType(int)} * for more details. * @return A new ForecastAdapterViewHolder that holds the View for each list item / @Override public ForecastAdapterViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup viewGroup, int viewType) { View view = LayoutInflater .from(mContext) .inflate(R.layout.forecast_list_item, viewGroup, false); view.setFocusable(true); return new ForecastAdapterViewHolder(view); } /* * OnBindViewHolder is called by the RecyclerView to display the data at the specified * position. In this method, we update the contents of the ViewHolder to display the weather * details for this particular position, using the "position" argument that is conveniently * passed into us. * * @param forecastAdapterViewHolder The ViewHolder which should be updated to represent the * contents of the item at the given position in the data set. * @param position The position of the item within the adapter's data set. / @Override public void onBindViewHolder(ForecastAdapterViewHolder forecastAdapterViewHolder, int position) { mCursor.moveToPosition(position); /****************** * Weather Summary * ******************/ / Read date from the cursor / long dateInMillis = mCursor.getLong(MainActivity.INDEX_WEATHER_DATE); / Get human readable string using our utility method / String dateString = SunshineDateUtils.getFriendlyDateString(mContext, dateInMillis, false); / Use the weatherId to obtain the proper description / int weatherId = mCursor.getInt(MainActivity.INDEX_WEATHER_CONDITION_ID); String description = SunshineWeatherUtils.getStringForWeatherCondition(mContext, weatherId); / Read high temperature from the cursor (in degrees celsius) / double highInCelsius = mCursor.getDouble(MainActivity.INDEX_WEATHER_MAX_TEMP); / Read low temperature from the cursor (in degrees celsius) / double lowInCelsius = mCursor.getDouble(MainActivity.INDEX_WEATHER_MIN_TEMP); String highAndLowTemperature = SunshineWeatherUtils.formatHighLows(mContext, highInCelsius, lowInCelsius); String weatherSummary = dateString + " - " + description + " - " + highAndLowTemperature; forecastAdapterViewHolder.weatherSummary.setText(weatherSummary); } /* * This method simply returns the number of items to display. It is used behind the scenes * to help layout our Views and for animations. * * @return The number of items available in our forecast / @Override public int getItemCount() { if (null == mCursor) return 0; return mCursor.getCount(); } /* * Swaps the cursor used by the ForecastAdapter for its weather data. This method is called by * MainActivity after a load has finished, as well as when the Loader responsible for loading * the weather data is reset. When this method is called, we assume we have a completely new * set of data, so we call notifyDataSetChanged to tell the RecyclerView to update. * * @param newCursor the new cursor to use as ForecastAdapter's data source / void swapCursor(Cursor newCursor) { mCursor = newCursor; notifyDataSetChanged(); } /* * A ViewHolder is a required part of the pattern for RecyclerViews. It mostly behaves as * a cache of the child views for a forecast item. It's also a convenient place to set an * OnClickListener, since it has access to the adapter and the views. / class ForecastAdapterViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements View.OnClickListener { final TextView weatherSummary; ForecastAdapterViewHolder(View view) { super(view); weatherSummary = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_weather_data); view.setOnClickListener(this); } /* * This gets called by the child views during a click. We fetch the date that has been * selected, and then call the onClick handler registered with this adapter, passing that * date. * * @param v the View that was clicked */ @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO (37) Instead of passing the String for the clicked item, pass the date from the cursor String weatherForDay = weatherSummary.getText().toString(); mClickHandler.onClick(weatherForDay); } } } ```
Fenenna of Kuyavia (also known as of Inowrocław; ; c. 1276–1295) was Queen of Hungary by marriage to King Andrew III. Fenenna was the daughter of Duke Ziemomysł of Inowrocław by his wife Salomea, daughter of Duke Sambor II of Pomerania. Fenenna's existence is corroborated by only two sources: the Genealogia sanctae Hedwigis (Genealogy of Saint Hedwig) and the Chronicles of Jan Długosz, as well in the Hungarian sources. The Genealogy states that an unnamed daughter of Duke Ziemomysł was betrothed to the King of Hungary. Based on this information, Jan Długosz stated that Fenenna married King Stephen V. This erroneous information was maintained by the later historiography until the 19th century, when Fenenna was correctly described as the wife of King Andrew III. Although Fenenna did not play a significant role in the Hungarian court, her marriage did strengthen the alliance between her husband and her uncle Władysław I the Elbow-high, and it also benefited her Kuyavia relatives' relations with, among others, King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia. Shortly after Andrew III's death, their daughter Elizabeth was betrothed to the future Wenceslaus III, who claimed the Hungarian crown. Life Birth and Name Fenenna's parentage is confirmed in the Genealogia sanctae Hedwigis (literally: Genealogy of Saint Hedwig). The marriage of her parents is placed around the first half of February 1268. If she was the oldest child of the ducal couple, she could have born at the end of that year. She was married in 1290, and in accordance with the Canonical Law of that time, the legal age to celebrate a marriage was 12 years old; but two years later, in 1292, she gave birth to her only child, probably at 15 years. Accordingly, her date of birth could be between 1268 and 1277. Among the offspring of Duke Ziemomysł, Fenenna has been placed as the second child, between Euphemia (who died in infancy) and Leszek. Fenenna's name was chosen from the Bible (later translated by Jakub Wujek), as one of the two wives of Elkanah, father of the Prophet Samuel. This uncommon name was rarely used in Poland, and Fenenna was the only member of the Piast dynasty who bore it. Queen of Hungary The Genealogy of Saint Hedwig indicated that Fenenna was betrothed to the Hungarian king. According to Jan Długosz this Hungarian ruler was King Stephen V. Although this assumption was not supported by any sources could not be true because Stephen V died in 1272, it was maintained until the 18th century. Her husband was King Andrew III, as confirmed by the Hungarian sources. From the period of her reign, between 1290–1295, there are several documents issued by the Queen of Hungary, who signed as Fenena, Fennena, or in short Fenenna F. Legends on Hungarian stamps of 1291 certify that Queen Fenenna was Ziemomysł's daughter. Due to her marriage, the Polish Kingdom began to cooperate closely with the Hungarian ruler. In July 1290 Andrew III was crowned King of Hungary. One of his first actions was the conclusion of an alliance with Poland, in particular with Duke Władysław I the Elbow-high. In September negotiations began and no later than 9 October Fenenna arrived in Hungary as Andrew's bride, escorted by the king's envoy Theodore Tengerdi. From 1290 three documents were issued describing Fenenna as Andrew III's wife and Queen of Hungary. The marriage of Andrew III and Fenenna took place between September and 24 November 1290. Probably during the wedding ceremony, or shortly after, Fenenna was crowned as Queen of Hungary. The marriage was pursued by Fenenna's uncle, Władysław I the Elbow-high, who wanted allies for his fight for the Polish throne. The Hungarian-Kuyavian alliance proved beneficial to both parties. The Dukes of Kuyavia helped Andrew III to defeat Charles Martel of Anjou, who claimed the Hungarian throne after the death of his maternal uncle, King Ladislaus IV the Cuman, in 1290. In return, the Hungarians sent provisions and military support to Władysław I during his fight against King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Duke Henry III of Głogów. Documents issued by Andrew III from 1293 show that aid was sent to the Dukes of Kuyavia. These documents specify that Andrew recompensed two Hungarian men, Paul and Serafila, for help in winning Prędocin. In 1297 documents record that Władysław, with the help of the Hungarians, invaded Greater Poland and Silesia. From the surviving contemporary documents, it is known that Fenenna did not play a great role in the Hungarian court. In 1292, Fenenna gave birth her only child, a daughter named Elizabeth. Death and Aftermaths The sources are silent about Fenenna's death. Therefore, the date of her death can be determined only on basis of the negotiations of King Andrew III with the Austrian court for his second marriage with Agnes of Habsburg, and the documents issued by both Fenenna and Agnes. Almost all the known sources place the wedding of King Andrew III with Agnes of Habsburg in Vienna on 13 February 1296. However, although the year is generally accepted, the exact day and months varied in a number of partly independent sources. Documents issued by the Queen of Hungary also contributed to the confusion. The last document issued by Fenenna was dated 8 September 1295, while the first document issued by Agnes was dated 1 May 1295. Since the marriage of Andrew III with the Austrian princess was in 1296, the document probably was incorrectly written and had to be moved back by one year. It is now accepted that Andrew III's wedding with Agnes of Habsburg was held in 1296. In consequence, Fenenna was certainly dead by the end of 1295; the place of her burial is unknown. After Fenenna's death, Andrew III entered into an agreement with Władysław I's opponent, Wenceslaus II. As a part of this settlement, his daughter Elizabeth was engaged to the son and heir of the Bohemian king, the future Wenceslaus III, in 1298. However, this marriage was never realized. Wenceslaus instead married Viola Elisabeth of Cieszyn, but later he planned to divorce Viola and marry Elizabeth before he was assassinated. When King Andrew III died in 1301, Elizabeth was taken by her stepmother Agnes to Austria and forced to join the Dominican monastery in Töss, Switzerland, where she died in 1338 as the last representative of the Arpad dynasty. Ancestry References \|- 1270s births 1295 deaths Year of birth uncertain Piast dynasty House of Árpád Queens consort of Hungary 13th-century Polish women 13th-century Polish people 13th-century Hungarian people 13th-century Hungarian women People of Byzantine descent
```php <?php namespace App\Enums; use Exception; use Illuminate\Validation\Rule; class PaymentSource { private const BANK = 'bank'; private const CASH = 'cash'; private const INTERCOMPANY = 'intercompany'; // Mellemregning private const EXPENSES = 'expenses'; //Udlg /** * @var PaymentSource[] / private static $values = null; /* * @var string / private $source; /* * @var string / private $displayValue; public function __construct(string $source, string $displayValue = null) { $this->source = $source; $this->displayValue = $displayValue; } /* * @param string $source * @return PaymentSource * @throws Exception / public static function fromSource(string $source): PaymentSource { foreach (self::values() as $paymentSource) { if ($paymentSource->getSource() === $source) { return $paymentSource; } } throw new Exception('Unknown control status: ' . $source); } /* * @param string $displayValue * @return PaymentSource * @throws Exception / public static function fromDisplayValue($displayValue) { foreach (self::values() as $paymentSource) { if ($paymentSource->getDisplayValue() === $displayValue) { return $paymentSource; } } throw new Exception('Unknown control status display value: ' . $displayValue); } /* * @return PaymentSource[] / public static function values(): array { if (is_null(self::$values)) { self::$values = [ self::BANK => new PaymentSource(self::BANK, 'Bank'), self::CASH => new PaymentSource(self::CASH, 'Cash'), self::EXPENSES => new PaymentSource(self::EXPENSES, 'Expenses'), self::INTERCOMPANY => new PaymentSource(self::INTERCOMPANY, 'Intercompany') ]; } return self::$values; } /* * @return PaymentSource / public static function bank(): PaymentSource { return self::values()[self::BANK]; } /* * @return PaymentSource / public static function cash(): PaymentSource { return self::values()[self::CASH]; } /* * @return PaymentSource / public static function intercompany(): PaymentSource { return self::values()[self::INTERCOMPANY]; } /* * @return PaymentSource / public static function expenses(): PaymentSource { return self::values()[self::EXPENSES]; } public static function validationRules() { $values = array_column(self::values(), "source"); return Rule::in($values); } /* * @return string / public function getSource(): string { return $this->source; } /* * @return string / public function getDisplayValue(): string { return $this->displayValue; } /* * @return string */ public function __toString() { return (string) $this->source; } } ```
North Cape is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the north coast of Kangaroo Island overlooking Investigator Strait about south-west of the state capital of Adelaide and about north of the municipal seat of Kingscote. Its boundaries were created in March 2002 for the “long established name” which was derived from the most northerly headland on the coastline. North Cape occupies land bounded by Investigator Strait to the north and by Nepean Bay and its subsidiary, the Bay of Shoals, to the east and the south-east respectively. Its coastline includes features such as Point Marsden and Cape Rouge. Land use is divided between conservation and agriculture with the former applying to the coastline in order to “enhance and conserve the natural features of the coast” and latter applying to land in the locality’s southwest. The coastline from Point Marsden in the east to Cape D'Estaing in the adjoining locality of Emu Bay in the west is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register as a site of “geological and outstanding palaeontological significance.” North Cape is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the Kangaroo Island Council. See also North Cape (disambiguation) References Notes Citations Towns on Kangaroo Island

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